The Marianas Visitors Authority on Dec. 6 announced that Chinese travel website Mafengwo in its 2018 memo for South Pacific island destinations ranked Saipan as the most popular Pacific island destination among Chinese tourists.
The website, composed of reviews and recommendations by free and independent travelers, named Grotto and Mañagaha Island as the most famous sites in Saipan.
Guam, Palau, Fiji and Tahiti rounded out Mafengwo's top five destinations.
Touring businesses in the Northern Mariana islands attended the China International Tourism Mart in Shanghai from Nov. 16 to Nov. 18 together with other travel industry professionals in the Asian region.
Brighten Travel, Century Tours, Zhejiang New World, Top Development Inc., Qulv and SPITS were joined by the Marianas Visitors Authority to take part in the annual event, meeting potential travel partners in mainland China to promote tourism for the Northern Mariana Islands following Super Typhoon Yutu's impact.
Shipping company APL has joined the United for Wildlife Transport Task Force to further assert its commitment to combat illegal wildlife trade.
As a signatory of the task force, APL will ensure prohibition of the illegal transportation of wildlife as well as discourage and educate its stakeholders not to deal with these animals and their products, according a Dec. 6 APL release. APL currently has policy prohibiting the transportation of shark fins, dolphins, whales, elephant tusks and rhinoceros and antelope horns.
World Theater Productions and Step Up Entertainment brought the award-winning musical Rent to Guam, featuring local and internationally-renown actors to perform five shows at SandCastle on Nov. 28 and Dec. 1.
Filipino actor Benjamin "Jojo" Urquico directed Rent Guam and the cast included visiting actors Ima Castro, István Csiszár and E.G. Arganza, according to a news release from World Theater Productions. Local actors included Stephen John Ramirez, Krystal Paco, Ysa Mercado, Marianna Hernandez, Travis Aguon, Raymond Mathews, JMartin Castro, Fantaysha Rioja and Tyler Matanane.
Rent was written by Jonathan Larson and tells the tale of individuals living with HIV/AIDS.
MileagePlus, United Airlines' frequent flyer loyalty program, was recently awarded the 2018 Frequent Travel Titan Award and named the leading and most innovative loyalty program in the Americas, according to a Dec. 5 United release.
United's loyalty program allows customers to earn points through flights, which can be traded for flight miles, accessories and discounts with United's partners. In the past year, the MileagePlus program has launched its Explorer Card, allowed use of earned airline miles to purchase fuel and created a new boarding process in the form of Premier 1K and Premier Gold, the release stated.
The University of Guam's Isla Center for the Arts opened its biennial juried exhibition, Creative Hands: Selected Works by Pacific Artists on Dec. 6, featuring 26 works from 15 artists. The exhibit is expected to remain open until Jan. 18.
The University of California, Los Angeles professor Nancy Mithlo, a curator veteran, chose the selection from 118 submissions. Selected artworks were from Ron Canos, Julius Sotomayor Cena, Jeanie DeCandia, John Dierking, Judy Flores, Linda Frank, Olga Guse, Dorathina Herrero, Sarah Johnson, Tiger Kim, Alexa Kyung Lim, Richard Manglona, Rich Olmo, Robin Olmo and Dawn Lees Reyes, according to a UOG release.
Atkins Kroll Inc. on Nov. 26 announced the launch of its 13th annual Toyota Dream Car Art Contest, which encourages children between the ages of 5 and 15 to submit their drawing of their ideal vehicle.
The contest is divided into three categories: Under seven years old, 8 to 11 years old and 12 to 15 years old. Drawings are to be done on 11-inch by 17-inch paper with a 5-millimeter thickness limit. Students from Guam and the Northern Mariana Islands can submit their artwork to the AK dealerships on Guam and Saipan by Feb. 16, 2019.
The Marianas Visitors Authority commissioned a designer in Germany to paint a detailed three-dimensional map of Saipan using data from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
The painting is part of MVA's destination enhancement program. It contains locations of hotels, popular tourist spots and other notable places of interest on the island so that visitors can see where they will be going.
The agency presented the painting on Dec. 12 and expects to transfer it to the Francisco C. Ada Saipan International Airport for display.
In an effort to perpetuate the culture and history of the people of Micronesia, online educational resource Guampedia has created a side-by-side timeline detailing important events in Micronesian history while mainstream historic events around the world took place.
The timeline starts in 2500 BC, around the time when the ancient Egyptians built the Sphinx, and contains 184 items up to the Guam Museum's opening of its permanent exhibit. The timeline is expected to be updated as more information on history is found, according to Guampedia's Dec. 19 news release.
The timeline can be viewed at guampedia.com/guampedias-historical-timeline.
(From left) Min Chen, intern; Hillary Agulto, marketing manager, both with the Marianas Visitors Authority; Yorko Summer, ambassador, Marianas Ocean Tourism; Judy Torres, deputy managing director; Milane Tsai, Taiwan in-country manager; Demalynn Pagarao, community projects coordinator; and Steven Chang, Taiwan public relations representative, all with MVA. The group is pictured at the MVA both during the Taipei International Travel Fair.
The Marianas Visitors Authority once again participated in the Taipei International Travel Fair from Nov. 23 to Nov. 26, a month after Super Typhoon Yutu pummeled the Northern Mariana Islands.
Despite hardships from the storm, MVA wanted to reassure its Taiwan counterparts that the NMI remains a popular Pacific island destination for Asian tourists, according to a Dec. 6 release from the tourism agency.
A team of MVA staff had the opportunity to set up a booth at Nangang Exhibition Hall to promote the islands as well as meet with charter airline representatives and travel agents.
(From left) Valeria Shapovalova, Instagram blogger; Alena Filimonova, representative, Marianas Visitors Authority's Russia public relations, and manager, Travel Trader; Mercedes Taisacan, owner, Rota Cave Museum; Olga Kuskova, travel journalist; Rizza Janairo, social media marketing specialist, MVA; and Yuriy Smityuk, photographer. The group visited the museum on Oct. 19 during a familiarization tour.
Just days before Super Typhoon Yutu made landfall in the Marianas, the Marianas Visitors Authority and Jeju Airlines from Oct. 17 to Oct. 21 had the opportunity to host a group of Russian travel bloggers to showcase what the Northern Mariana Islands had to offer to Russian tourists.
The group, which consisted of a social media blogger, a travel writer, a photographer and MVA staff, toured Tinian, Rota and Saipan to scout for resorts and activities that would appeal best to the Russia market. The Russian bloggers visited popular tourist sites on the islands including the Northern Mariana Islands Museum of History and Culture, the American Memorial Park, Mañagaha Island and the House of Taga, according to a Nov. 6 MVA news release. Travel agencies PrimClub, Laguna and Biletur also participated in the tour.
Photo courtesy of Atkins Kroll Inc.
Atkins Kroll Inc. on Dec. 15 introduced the redesigned 2019 Toyota RAV4, the model's fifth generation of urban and off-road driving.
New designs and features of the 2019 RAV4 include improved handling stability, Dynamic Torque Vectoring all-wheel drive, increased visibility with its front window, side mirrors and rearview mirrors and improved fuel efficiency, according to a release from AK.


Can I mix and match shirt colors and styles on my order?
How many ink colors can I have per design?
We can do anything from 1 color to 8 colors.
5-7 business days – although we do accept rush orders.
In addition to screen-printing, we also provide services for foil prints as well as heat press numbers.
What type of files are accepted for artwork?
.Ai, .Eps, .Pdf, .Cdr or high resolution bitmap files, such as .jpg, .tif, etc.
Yes! Our artist has been creating art exclusively for the screen printing industry since 1988.
New customers are COD but with references and prompt payment history, we will establish terms for you.
We can always depend upon Southwest Sportswear to not only provide excellent printing services, but to also provide us with designs that are relevant and modern.


text:
Holy Resurrection Orthodox Cathedral
Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania 18705
Email and Phone
gregory.white@stots.edu
To: Archbishop MARK (Maymon) - Bishop of Philadelphia & the Diocese of Eastern Pennsylvania- Orthodox Church in America Rev. Fr. Gregory White - Rector Protodeacon Sergei Kapral
Enter the code shown in the image:
No Study Group, Dio. Mtg.
Diocesan Assembly in Harrisburg, PA
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The Mission of The Orthodox Church in America, the local autocephalous Orthodox Christian Church, is to be faithful in fulfilling the commandment of Christ to "Go into all the world and make disciples of all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father, and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit…"
Holy Resurrection Cathedral is part of the Diocese of Eastern Pennsylvania, which is presided over by The Most Reverend Mark (Maymon), Archbishop of Philadelphia and Eastern Pennsylvania. Our mission is bringing the joy of Christ's resurrection to those who have never heard the Good News, and to strengthen and encourage the faithful who reside within Wilkes-Barre and the local area.
The Holy Scripture is a collection of books written over multiple centuries by those inspired by God to do so. It is the primary witness to the Orthodox Christian faith, within Holy Tradition and often described as its highest point. It was written by the prophets and apostles in human language, inspired by the Holy Spirit, and collected, edited, and canonized by the Church.
Daily Readings >
Holiness or sainthood is a gift (charisma) given by God to man, through the Holy Spirit. Man's effort to become a participant in the life of divine holiness is indispensable, but sanctification itself is the work of the Holy Trinity, especially through the sanctifying power of Jesus Christ, who was incarnate, suffered crucifixion, and rose from the dead, in order to lead us to the life of holiness, through the communion with the Holy Spirit.
Today's Saints >
Holy Resurrection Cathedral | Contact

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
(-) Hawaii (1)
(-) Maine (1)
(-) Pennsylvania (1)
Gulf of Maine Research Institute (1)
University of Hawaii System / University of Hawaiʻi Maui College (1)
(-) Open (3)
Expired (1)
Building Environmental Resiliency Leaders (BERL)
University of Hawaii System / University of Hawaiʻi Maui College offsite link · Kahului, Hawaii
Among the most geographically isolated islands in the world, Maui's fragile environment is highly vulnerable to sudden (hurricanes, flooding) and prolonged (drought, ocean acidification, sea-level rise) environmental changes. The University of Hawai?i Maui College seeks to build an environmentally literate and resilient community equipped to address, manage, and mitigate the challenges associated with environmental events and hazards.
Among the most geographically isolated islands in the world, Maui's fragile environment is highly vulnerable to sudden (hurricanes, flooding) and prolonged (drought, ocean acidification, sea-level rise) environmental changes. The University of Hawai?i Maui College seeks to build an environmentally literate and resilient community equipped to address, manage, and mitigate the challenges associated with environmental events and hazards. Building Environmental Resiliency Leaders (BERL) has three main goals: 1) Develop environmental hazards modules specific to Hawai'i that can be integrated into high-school curriculum; 2) Strengthen students' understanding of environmental hazards and build self-efficacy in being contributors towards community resilience; and 3) Create community awareness of and ability to prepare for environmental hazards. By partnering with all 10 Maui County public and private high schools, BERL seeks to empower 200 environmentally resilient high school youth leaders —including Native Hawaiian, underrepresented, and low-income students in grades 9 through 12— throughout the islands of Maui, Moloka?i, and Lana?i. The BERL project will develop the Environmental Resiliency Youth Leaders certification program with curriculum to engage students in active learning through innovative Problem-based Learning (PBL) group projects where students select a research topic informed by climate resiliency educational modules and consult with community subject matter experts; including partners from the National Weather Service, Hawaiian Islands Humpback Whale National Marine Sanctuary, University of Hawai?i Sea Grant, Maui Emergency Management Agency, Maui County energy Commissioner, and Hawai?i Emergency Management Agency. Specifically, curriculum will integrate and align: 1) Overview of environmental events & hazards: tropical cyclones/hurricanes, drought/fires, ocean acidification, and seal level rise/flooding ; 2) Local scenarios & experiential outdoor learning; 3) US Climate Resiliency Toolkit; and 4) Development of resiliency plan to work towards either a) utilizing school as resiliency hub site; or b) addressing long-term resiliency to prolonged environmental changes. As a culminating event, students will present their final projects and host workshops to the broader community at local or regional events with a potential reach of 90,000 annually over three project years. In addition, BERL will hold an annual Resiliency Awareness Day, reaching 1,000 students annually, to build community awareness and resources. Amidst the threat of COVID-19 and necessary safety measures, BERL is prepared to mobilize an online curriculum for students with online presentations and virtual events to reach the broader community. BERL aligns with NOAA's mission to educate and motivate individuals to apply environmental science to increase stewardship and resilience to environmental hazards by creating a cadre of youth environmental resiliency leaders, trained educators, and broadly reaching over half of the Maui County population. The project employs a culturally relevant, place-based, and PBL approach where 40 teams of students engage in research projects to build environmental literacy at their high schools and the wider community. In alignment with NOAA's Education Strategic Plan (2015-2035), BERL seeks to "educate and inspire people to use Earth system science toward improving ecosystem stewardship and increasing resilience to environmental hazards."
Competition: 2020: ELG for Community Resilience to Extreme Weather Events and Environmental Hazards
PI: Lui Hokoana
State: Hawaii County: Maui District: HI02
Partners: National Sea Grant College Program / University of Hawaii System / Hawaii Sea Grant · National Marine Sanctuary (NMS) / Hawaii Humpback Whale · The County of Maui / Emergency Management Agency · The County of Maui / Office of Economic Development / Energy Office · University of Hawaii at Manoa / Hawaii State 4-H Program · Hawaii Farmers Union United · Pacific Disaster Center · Hawaii Emergency Management Agency · Hawaii Department of Education / King Kekaulike High School · Hawaii Department of Education / Lahainaluna High School · Kamehameha Schools · Sustainable Pacific Consulting · Pa'ia Youth & Cultural Center / Maui Hero Project · Hokonui Maui · NOAA National Weather Service (NWS) / Pacific Region · University of Hawaiʻi Maui College / Upward Bound · Kauahea Inc. / Paeloko Learning Center · University of Hawaii at Manoa / East-West Center ·
Community Resilience Informed by Science and Experience (C-RISE)
Gulf of Maine Research Institute offsite link · Portland, Maine
Coastal rural communities have deep cultural connections to and rely heavily upon the marine environment and economy. Due to their remoteness, isolation from central planning agencies, and lack of financial and municipal resources, they are highly vulnerable to climate impacts such as sea level rise.
Coastal rural communities have deep cultural connections to and rely heavily upon the marine environment and economy. Due to their remoteness, isolation from central planning agencies, and lack of financial and municipal resources, they are highly vulnerable to climate impacts such as sea level rise. The Gulf of Maine Research Institute (GMRI) and key project partners, Upswell and the Island Institute, will develop, convene and facilitate regional trainings by which Maine's rural coastal communities can increase their capacity to plan and prepare for coastal climate impacts by developing the knowledge, skills, and relationships necessary to create data- and community-informed climate resilience plans. Cornerstone to the regional trainings is an engagement tool that builds common knowledge, incorporates diverse community value and voice, provides a framework for community planning and decision making, and builds relationships amongst participants. These trainings will also leverage and engage resilience professionals in Maine to share and represent their resources as communities apply those to their newly acquired skills and frameworks for community planning and decision making. Community leaders from the regional trainings will continue their learning through participation in a professional learning community. We will also leverage GMRI's prior NOAA Environmental Literacy Grant, titled "Community Resilience Informed by Science and Experience (C-RISE)," to deliver community education programming that builds the capacity of residents in coastal communities to support resiliency planning and adaptation actions by providing participants with knowledge of and access to local sea level rise data. This project will serve 20 rural coastal and island communities in Maine through four regional trainings. Each community will select a diverse and equitable representation of 10 stakeholders and community leaders to participate in the trainings. Community education events will be accessible to all residents of each community. These interventions will build community literacy and capacity for developing coastal resilience plans that benefit the social, environmental, and economic health of the community and align with Maine's Climate Action Plan. An advisory group including representatives from NOAA's Office for Coastal Management, Maine Sea Grant, Wells National Estuarine Research Reserve, the State of Maine's Governor's Office of Policy Innovation and the Future, Maine Geological Survey, Maine Department of Environmental Protection, the Town of Vinalhaven, and the Town of St. George will guide the development and implementation of this project. Researchers at the University of Maine, Orono will evaluate the implementation of the project as well as assess the impact of this project on a communities' ability to make community-informed climate plans. This project reflects NOAA's Community Resilience Education Theory of Change, specifically supporting resilience planners and community members to develop trusting relationships focused on their collective environmental literacy through genuine conversations around resilience planning and decision making. With NOAA, we envision communities that have the capability to anticipate, prepare for, respond to, and recover from significant multi-hazard threats with minimum damage to social well-being, the economy, and the environment.
PI: Gayle Bowness
State: Maine County: Cumberland District: ME01
Partners: NOAA Office for Coastal Management (OCM) · State of Maine (ME) Department of Environmental Protection · National Sea Grant College Program / University of Maine / Maine Sea Grant · National Estuarine Research Reserve (NERR) Wells · Island Institute · Maine Geological Survey · Upswell · Town of Vinalhaven · Town of St. George · State of Maine (ME) Governor's Office of Policy Innovation and the Future ·
CREATE Resilience: Community Resilience through Education, Art, Technology, and Engagement
CREATE Resilience: Community Resilience through Education, Art, Technology and Engagement, is a multi-disciplinary collaboration between youth and community to 1) improve environmental hazards literacy, and 2) increase engagement in resiliency actions by youth and adult residents in the Lehigh Valley region of Pennsylvania. CREATE Resilience is designed to increase community knowledge about weather and climate science, risks from local hazards, and strategies for hazard mitigation, while co-creating a vision for community resilience.
CREATE Resilience: Community Resilience through Education, Art, Technology and Engagement, is a multi-disciplinary collaboration between youth and community to 1) improve environmental hazards literacy, and 2) increase engagement in resiliency actions by youth and adult residents in the Lehigh Valley region of Pennsylvania. CREATE Resilience is designed to increase community knowledge about weather and climate science, risks from local hazards, and strategies for hazard mitigation, while co-creating a vision for community resilience. Developed by Nurture Nature Center (NNC) in Easton, PA, the four-year project will work with local, state and federal partners in three hazard-prone communities in the Lehigh Valley (Easton, Bangor and Wilson areas). Hazards, particularly weather-related hazards including flooding, have had major impacts in these communities historically and recently, causing extensive damage to property and disruption to community services. Damaging river flooding along the Delaware River in 2004, 2005 and 2006 highlighted major planning and safety challenges for many municipalities in the area with high flood risk, and a recently updated regional Hazard Mitigation plan highlighted other hazards – as well as the need for public education about hazards and mitigation. CREATE Resilience's advisory board will work with NNC to bring education and engagement events to teach the science of these hazards, as well the household and community-level strategies and tools available for resilience. Partners include the National Weather Service (NWS) Middle Atlantic River Forecast Center and Mt. Holly, NJ Weather Forecast Office, and Weather Prediction Center, as well as LV Planning Commission, Northampton County Emergency Management Agency, LV Community Foundation, Lafayette College, and FEMA Region 3 Mitigation Division. In years 1 and 2, the project will form CREATE Youth Ambassador teams, in which student interns from area high schools will meet NWS meteorologists, engage in community storytelling events, develop local hazard and resilience tours, and learn from climate and other scientists about hazards and strategies for resilience. Ambassadors will also develop and lead programming for community residents. Simultaneously, residents will participate in active-learning education events, dialogue forums, arts-based activities, technology-based programs using NOAA assets, and hands-on preparedness activities. Each community will build a collective understanding of local hazards and mitigation strategies, and co-create a vision for resilience, represented in traveling visual artist-designed murals in the third year of the project. This education and shared vision will build community support for planning and resilience and help households in making better preparedness decisions. Dissemination through Science on a Sphere® and guidebooks will share the replicable model with other organizations and communities, extending the reach of the project. Close cooperation with NWS offices helps the project meet key goals of NOAA's Education Strategic Plan, related to safety/preparedness and a science-informed society. Through public events and print materials, the project will showcase and interpret NOAA-related science and data with area residents, while creating collaborative learning opportunities for youth and community to interact with NOAA scientists. CREATE Resilience also engages youth and adults in preparing for hazards, and in multi-generational learning to improve community awareness and involvement in preparedness and mitigation.
PI: Rachel Carr
Partners: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center · City University of New York (CUNY) / Hunter College · NOAA National Weather Service (NWS) / National Centers for Environmental Prediction · NOAA Climate Program Office (CPO) · Consortium for Climate Risk in the Urban Northeast (CCRUN) · NOAA National Weather Service (NWS) Mount Holly, NJ Weather Forecast Office · NOAA National Weather Service (NWS) State College, Pennsylvania Forecast Office · Lehigh Valley Community Foundation · Lafayette College / Civil and Environmental Engineering · Easton Area School District · Wilson Area School District · Northampton County Emergency Management Services · Lehigh Valley Planning Commission · Pennsylvania Emergency Management Agency · NOAA National Weather Service (NWS) / Middle Atlantic River Forecast Center (RFC) · Bangor Area School District · American Society of Civil Engineers / Lehigh Valley Section · Northampton County Conservation District · Northampton County Parks & Recreation Division · City of Easton · Martins-Jacoby Watershed Association · Borough of Wilson ·


Started this adorable cowl scarf during our road trip to California and I just finished it today. I'm one happy beginner knitter. 😉 This is a very easy knit pattern, similar to the seafoam cowl scarf but not knitted in round.
And the size is just right for me. Look, I tried it on earlier.
Shoot a comment if you have any questions or follow me on Instagram for some daily tidbits. 😉 Or maybe we can chitchat on Twitter and Facebook. Let's connect more!
It's very pretty! Love the color too!


The reason for the local population's rebellion was the refusal to let a horse procession dedicated to the 310th anniversary of the Kanjali battle pass.
In the village of Kendelen, the Elbrus District of Kabardino-Balkaria, clashes of local residents with law enforcers have been continuing for 24 hours. Skirmishes began yesterday, September 18, and continued the next day, the ICR' Investigative Directorate for the Kabardino-Balkaria Republic reported.
The reason for the local population's rebellion was the refusal to let a horse procession dedicated to the 310th anniversary of the Kanjali battle pass, since the village believes that this battle has never happened. The locals suggested the horsemen to go round the village, but the latter did not agree. In order to prevent the clashes between them, the law enforcement officers, including the soldiers of the National Guard, arrived at the scene. Publication Kavkazsky Uzel specifies that members of the government and employees of the Republic's Administration came to Kendelen.
The investigators point out that during the skirmishes, the local residents refused to comply with the demands of the police and Rosgvardia and used physical violence against them, trying to provoke a clash between the parties. In addition, according to the ICR, they posted unreliable information about what was happening on social networks and called to the incitement of hatred and enmity.
In a conversation with Kavkazsky Uzel, Tamara Gerieva, the secretary of the Council of Elders of the Balkar people, noted that after the arrival of the Rosgvardia soldiers, the participants of the equestrian procession "hoisted the flags and ceased shouting." According to her, a lot of people were detained. The law enforcers blocked the whole village in order to prevent conflict.


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Just asking: how will Obama spin this "emerging" swine flu crisis to his political advantage -- to grab even more government power?
JANET NAPOLITANO: INCOMPETENCE, PLAYING POLITICS OR SOMETHING ELSE? (Updated)
PROOF OUR GOVERNMENT IS "EFFING" STUPID ...
Imagine the president of a large bank chain telling the local newspaper that one of his branches recently underwent a security audit and they found that the security cameras didn't work, the vault's time lock wasn't all that secure and the front door sometimes could be opened by pushing hard on the supposedly locked door. But not to worry, some of the cash was actually stored in a converted metal overseas container in the next block. Couldn't happen? Well, if you are the United States Government …
According to CNSNews.com …
"Nuclear-Bomb Materials Stockpiled in Suburb Were Not Adequately Protected Against Terrorists, Says Government Report"
" The Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory--which stores weapons-grade uranium and plutonium in the midst of the heavily populated San Francisco Bay Area--was discovered last year to have "significant weaknesses" in its security, 'particularly in [its] protective force's ability to assure the protection of weapons-grade (special) nuclear material,' according to a report by the Government Accountability Office."
This is the type of "open source" intelligence which is gathered by friends and foes. It does not require spies and it certainly is much cheaper to obtain as the news is delivered directly to your computer where it can be analyzed for keywords like "nuclear" by relatively unsophisticated software.
And the government's defense claiming that the weaknesses have been remedied are, well, weak. First, we are speaking about government systems which tend to degrade over time. So the likelihood of a similar occurance at this facility or another facility some time in the future is probable. And second, it provides a blueprint to those who want to examine other non-related facilities for weaknesses. In my humble opinion, and that of the disbanded Strategic "Peace is our Profession" Air Command, never comment on all things nuclear – including the location of weapons, fissile materials, security and personnel.
"In April 2008, the Department of Energy inspected the lab and found 'numerous and wide-ranging security deficiencies,' said GAO.
' 'The Department of Energy (DOE) has long recognized that a successful terrorist attack on a site containing nuclear weapons or the fissile material used in nuclear weapons—called special nuclear material—could have
devastating consequences for the site and its surrounding communities,' GAO said in its report."
Yah think!
" 'Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), located in Livermore, California, is one of three national laboratories responsible for designing, developing, and maintaining a safe, secure, and reliable nuclear weapons
deterrent,' the report explained. 'For these and other missions, LLNL stores and uses special nuclear material. Special nuclear material—including plutonium and highly enriched uranium—is considered to be Category I when it is weapons-grade and in specified forms and quantities. The risks associated with Category I special nuclear material vary but include theft, and the potential for sabotage in the form of radiological dispersal, also known as a 'dirty bomb.' '"
"The report said that the Department of Energy inspection 'gave the laboratory the lowest possible rating in two security areas: protective force performance and classified matter protection and control.'" The DOE found that the laboratory's security forces were not adequately prepared to defend the nuclear stockpile from an attack or attempted armed theft."
The DOE's Office of Independent Oversight inspected the facility to "evaluate the ability of LLNL's [Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory] protective security force to successfully defend the Superblock facility against a mock terrorist group."
"As a result of this inspection, LLNL earned the lowest possible rating--'Significant Weakness'--in two of seven security performance areas, including protective force," the report reads.
Hasn't the government also revealed that a number of nuclear secrets allegedly wound up in China and that a number of spies, both real and imagined, have been found within our nuclear laboratory system?
"The lab also failed a test of how well it could protect sensitive nuclear secrets, according to the GAO, because the lab failed to follow 'basic' security protocols. 'LLNL failed to comply with basic security requirements, such as the frequency of changes to safe combinations," the report says.'"
Self-inspection in a politically-charged corporate environment involving an outside contractor is never effective …
"The report also said that the laboratory's own internal security checks--conducted by its on-site security office--had given the laboratory a 100 percent satisfactory rating just six months before DOE's internal inspectors found failing security conditions. 'LSO's (Livermore Site Office) September 2007 annual security survey, completed only six months before (DOE's) inspection, resulted in 100-percent satisfactory ratings," the report says.'"
Fire their asses from all projects as a warning to all government contractors. Make it painful. Screw up in protecting the nation's vital materials and secrets even once and your company is history. And, no simply changing corporate names and re-applying. History. Finito. Toast! Again, failure is not an option and one is encouraged to recall the Strategic Air Command's prescriptive: "To err is human and to forgive is devine – neither one being part of Strategic Air Command Policy."
(For those wanting SAC Humor Patches – Click Here)
"The site's security is run by a contracting firm and overseen by the federal government, through the LSO. Both the contractor and the government failed, according to the GAO source."
"In reference to the GAO's findings, John Belluardo, public affairs director at Lawrence Livermore, told CNSNews.com in an e-mail: "The Laboratory has implemented corrective action plans for all of the findings resulting from the 2008 inspection. Specifically, the Laboratory initiated an aggressive recovery plan to improve the effectiveness of its protection strategy."
'"Physical communications and system security upgrades were implemented, upgraded weapon systems were deployed, and a multitude of force-on-force exercises were conducted that demonstrated significant improvements in protective force response."
Stupid is as stupid does …
While most of the "open source" reports may have a "classified" counterpart, I believe that this type of information should be closely-held and that members of the intelligence and security oversight committees should also become vulnerable for any security lapses that occur on their watch and not immediately remedied.
I would also like to see nuclear security removed from major hyperpartisan bureaucracies and settled squarely on the shoulders of an un-forgiving organization like the former Strategic Air Command. And this does not only concern nuclear weapons, but also biological and chemical laboratories – as well as any other laboratory doing classified research. And harsh as it sounds, no trips to foreign countries by those who may have friends and relatives in these countries – especially China.
In a time when our government leadership seems hell-bent on moving the United States towards socialism and is controlled by people pandering to the far-left anti-war, anti-America activists, more – not less – security precautions should be the order of the day. And anyone caught deliberately leaking information about classified military activities, a mandatory stint in solitary confinement.
As for Lawrence Livermore, problems continue to exist as evidenced by the research links that I have included below. It is time to fire the contractor's ass and return control over our nuclear laboratories to a military command with dedication, purpose and a non-political, non-profit approach.
CNSNews.com - Nuclear-Bomb Materials Stockpiled in Suburb Were Not Adequately Protected Against Terrorists, Says Government Report
Los Alamos Probe Widens to Include Two Other Labs'
A simple keyword "Lawrence Livermore" on the GAO site produced this treasure-trove of open intelligence.
Nuclear Security: Better Oversight Needed to Ensure That Security Improvements at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Are Fully Implemented and Sustained
GAO-09-321, March 16, 2009
Quick View Summary (HTML) Highlights Page (PDF) Full Report (PDF, 41 pages) Accessible Text Recommendations (HTML)
Nuclear Security: Los Alamos National Laboratory Faces Challenges In Sustaining Physical and Cyber Security Improvements
GAO-08-1180T, September 25, 2008
Quick View Summary (HTML) Highlights Page (PDF) Full Report (PDF, 18 pages) Accessible Text
Nuclear and Worker Safety: Actions Needed to Determine the Effectiveness of Safety Improvement Efforts at NNSA's Weapons Laboratories
GAO-08-73, October 31, 2007
Securing U.S. Nuclear Material: DOE Has Made Little Progress Consolidating and Disposing of Special Nuclear Material
GAO-08-72, October 4, 2007
Nuclear Weapons: Annual Assessment of the Safety, Performance, and Reliability of the Nation's Stockpile
GAO-07-243R, February 2, 2007
Quick View Summary (HTML) Full Report (PDF, 23 pages) Accessible Text
Nuclear Weapons: NNSA Needs to Refine and More Effectively Manage Its New Approach for Assessing and Certifying Nuclear Weapons
GAO-06-261, February 3, 2006
Nuclear Weapons: Preliminary Results of Review of Campaigns to Provide Scientific Support for the Stockpile Stewardship Program
GAO-05-636R, April 29, 2005
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory: Further Improvements Needed to Strengthen Controls Over the Purchase Card Program
GAO-04-986R, August 5, 2004
Quick View Summary (HTML) Full Report (PDF, 60 pages) Accessible Text Recommendations (HTML)
Homeland Security: DHS Needs a Strategy to Use DOE's Laboratories for Research on Nuclear, Biological, and Chemical Detection and Response Technologies
GAO-04-653, May 24, 2004
Department of Energy: Mission Support Challenges Remain at Los Alamos and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratories
GAO-04-370, February 27, 2004
Department of Energy: Reimbursement of Contractor Litigation Costs
GAO-04-148R, November 26, 2003
Radioactive Waste: DOE Has Acted to Address Delay in New Facility at Livermore Laboratory, but Challenges Remain
DOE Weapons Laboratories: Actions Needed to Strengthen EEO Oversight
GAO-02-391, April 22, 2002
Department of Energy: Follow-Up Review of the National Ignition Facility
GAO-01-677R, June 1, 2001
Quick View Summary (HTML) Full Report (PDF, 18 pages)
National Ignition Facility: Management and Oversight Failures Caused Major Cost Overruns and Schedule Delays
RCED-00-271, August 8, 2000
Quick View Summary (HTML) Full Report (PDF, 50 pages) Recommendations (HTML)
Military Real Property Maintenance: Management Improvements are Needed to Ensure Adequate Facilities
T-NSIAD-00-111, March 1, 2000
Nuclear Security: Improvements Needed in DOE's Safeguards and Security Oversight
RCED-00-62, February 24, 2000
Relocation of Energy's Supercomputer
RCED-96-55R, December 19, 1995
Quick View Summary (HTML) Full Report (PDF, 8 pages)
DOE Management: Selected Information on the Workforce at DOE's Livermore Laboratory
RCED-95-88, March 16, 1995
National Laboratories: Are Their R&D Activities Related to Commercial Product Development?
PEMD-95-2, November 25, 1994
Quick View Summary (HTML) Full Report (PDF, 103 pages)
Energy Management: Modest Reforms Made in University of California Contracts, but Fees Are Substantially Higher
RCED-94-202, August 25, 1994
DOE's National Laboratories: Adopting New Missions and Managing Effectively Pose Significant Challenges
T-RCED-94-113, February 3, 1994
Energy Management: Controls Over the Livermore Laboratory's Indirect Costs Are Inadequate
RCED-94-34, November 16, 1993
Matter of: Department of Energy --Reconsideration; Sprint Communications Company-- Reconsideration File: B-250516.4; B-250516.5 Date: August 20, 1993 93-2 CPD 111
B-250516.4; B-250516.5, August 20, 1993
Quick View Summary (HTML) Full Decision (HTML)
Energy Management: DOE Has Improved Oversight of Its Work for Others Program
RCED-93-111, April 7, 1993
Matter of: AT&T File: B-250516.3 Date: March 30, 1993
B-250516.3, March 30, 1993
Nuclear Weapons Complex: Issues Surrounding Consolidating Los Alamos and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratories
T-RCED-92-98, September 24, 1992
Nuclear Waste: Questionable Uses of Program Funds at Lawrence Livermore Laboratory
RCED-92-157, May 28, 1992
Energy Management: DOE Has an Opportunity to Improve Its University of California Contracts
RCED-92-75, December 26, 1991
DOE Management: Improvements Needed In Oversight of Procurement and Property Management Practices at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
T-RCED-91-88, August 20, 1991
DOE Management: DOE Needs to Improve Oversight of Subcontracting Practices of Management and Operating Contractors
T-RCED-91-79, August 1, 1991
Nuclear Security: Property Control Problems at DOE's Livermore Laboratory Continue
Strategic Defense Initiative: Need to Examine Concurrency in Development of Brilliant Pebbles
NSIAD-91-154, March 27, 1991
Nuclear Security: Accountability for Livermore's Secret Classified Documents Is Inadequate
RCED-91-65, February 8, 1991
Nuclear Security: DOE Oversight of Livermore's Property Management System Is Inadequate
RCED-90-122, April 18, 1990
Strategic Defense Initiative Program: Accuracy of Statements Concerning DOE's X-Ray Laser Research Program
NSIAD-88-181BR, June 30, 1988
B-228768, Mar 14, 1988, 67 Comp.Gen. 336
B-228768, March 14, 1988
Federal Electric Power: Western Area Power Administration's Tracy/Livermore Transmission Project
RCED-88-19, October 27, 1987
[Protest of Contract Awards Under DOE Prime Management Contract]
B-213645, June 5, 1984
Quick View Summary (HTML) Full Decision (PDF, 5 pages)
Use of Federal Funds To Publicize Opposition to Collective Bargaining
B-194076, May 29, 1979
[Protester Maintained Competitor's Product Did Not Meet Specifications]
B-193205, May 7, 1979


Most lawyers recommend that debtors request verification of the debt because, in that case, a collection agency may not resume collection efforts until the information is confirmed with the original creditor. The collection agency may not, whether by threatening to destroy the debtor's credit rating or by threatening to sue if payment is not received immediately, make a statement in the initial correspondence that overshadows the debtor's right to dispute the debt for thirty days.
Third-party communications. The collection agency cannot contact third parties other than the debtor's attorney or a credit bureau for any reason other than to locate the debtor. Collection agents who contact third parties must state their names, and may only add that they are confirming or correcting information about the debtor. They cannot give the collection agency's name unless asked directly. They cannot state that they are calling about a debt. Collection agents may not contact a third party repeatedly unless they believe an earlier response was wrong or incomplete and that the third party has revised information. Further, collection agents cannot communicate with third parties by postcard or by correspondence that uses words or symbols that betray their collection motive.
Harassment or abuse. Agents cannot threaten or use violence against the debtor or another person. They cannot use obscene or profane language. They cannot publish a debtor's name on a blacklist or other public posting. Agents cannot call repeatedly or contact the debtor without identifying themselves as bill collectors.
If the debtor's financial problems are only temporary, he or she may want to ask creditors to accept lower payments or that payments are scheduled over a longer period of time. Creditors may be receptive to these ideas if the debtor has been a prompt payer in the past, or if the specter of bankruptcy is raised, since creditors know that once a bankruptcy proceeding is initiated they will probably collect only a portion of what is owed. In addition, creditors may wish to avoid the difficulties of a court proceeding to collect on the debt, which can be time-consuming and expensive.
If the debtor's financial troubles are long-term or if the creditors will not agree to an alternative payment plan informally, bankruptcy may be the best way for the debtor to get out from under an insurmountable debt load. Although it is not without its adverse consequences, bankruptcy can be the right option to enable debtors to make a fresh start.
Educational loans guaranteed by the United States government are generally not discharged by a Chapter 7 or Chapter 13 bankruptcy. They may be dischargeable; however, if the court finds that paying off the loan will impose an undue hardship on the debtor and his or her dependents.
In order to qualify for a hardship discharge, the debtor must demonstrate that he or she cannot make payments at the time the bankruptcy is filed and will not be able to make payments in the future. The debtor must apply before the discharge of the debtor's other debts is granted. Application for a hardship discharge is not included in the standard bankruptcy fees, and must be paid for after the case is filed.
Although filing bankruptcy stops, or stays, all efforts to collect debts, the Bankruptcy Code excludes actions to collect child support or spousal maintenance from the stay unless the creditor attempts to collect from the property of the estate. In a Chapter 7 proceeding, property of the estate includes all possessions, money, and interests the debtor owns at the time he or she files. Money earned after the bankruptcy is filed, however, is not property of the estate. Since most child and spousal support is paid out of the debtor's current income, the bankruptcy should have little impact.
One of the debtor's major concerns in a consumer bankruptcy is the thought of losing the family home. Although that is possible in some cases, loss of the debtor's home need not always result from a bankruptcy filing.
If the debtor in a Chapter 7 liquidation bankruptcy is behind on his or her mortgage payments, the home could be lost. The mortgage lender in such cases usually asks the bankruptcy court to lift the automatic stay so that it can institute foreclosure proceedings, in which case the home will be sold and the proceeds used to pay off the debt. Whether a debtor who is not behind on mortgage payments will lose his or her house depends on how much equity the debtor has in the property and the amount of the state homestead exemption. If the amount of debt owed on the home is less than the home's market value, the debtor could lose the house unless the homestead exemption entitles the debtor to most of the equity.
How long are bankruptcy and other credit information included on the debtor's credit report?
Because both the Fair Credit Reporting Act, which controls what a credit-reporting agency may include in a consumer's credit report, and the Bankruptcy Code are federal law, the same rules apply in all states. There may be some differences, however, in relation to the more-than-seven-year information, since most of the relevant time periods or statutes of limitations are found in the individual states' laws.
What happens if the debtor's salary increases after filing a Chapter 13 wage-earner plan?
The Bankruptcy Code requires that the debtor contribute his or her projected disposable income toward the plan payments for the duration of the plan. Although the code imposes this requirement only when the trustee or a creditor demands it, in reality the trustee always requires it, at least at the beginning of the plan. Whether changes in salary will change the payment plan depends on a complete consideration of all of the circumstances.
If the debtor's income changes after the case has been filed but before the court has confirmed the plan, making it binding on the creditors (which can take as much as six months), the trustee will closely scrutinize the debtor's disposable income to make sure that the payments and the income are consistent and will incorporate any necessary changes into the plan. If the debtor's income changes during the duration of the repayment plan, changes in income may not necessitate any changes in payments. However, the trustee may ask that payments be adjusted if the debtor's income increases significantly. The trustee does not closely monitor the debtor's income, and it may actually be outside the scope of a trustee's duties to do so.
The trustee will consider not only the salary increase, but also whether there has been a corresponding increase in disposable income, on which the payments are based. Disposable income is the amount of the debtor's salary that is left after deducting all reasonable living expenses. If the debtor's salary increases but so do his or her expenses, there may be no increase in disposable income and therefore no change in the payment plan. If there is a significant increase in disposable income, the trustee may ask for an increase in payments. In cases in which the plan extends over more than thirty-six months, the increased payments may actually reduce the length of the plan's term, so that the debtor has paid off the debts and receives a discharge sooner.
The Bankruptcy Code uses such confusing terminology. What is meant by such terms as preference and fraudulent conveyance?
A preference occurs when a debtor treats one creditor more favorably than a debtor treats the others. If a debtor has only $500, for instance, and owes that same amount to both First County Bank and First State Bank, but the debtor pays all $500 to First County Bank, that bank has received a preference. Bankruptcy law disfavors preferences if they are made for the benefit of a particular creditor and for a debt owed prior to filing bankruptcy, if the debtor is insolvent at the time of the payment, and if payment is made within ninety days before filing (or one year, if made to an insider like a family member or an officer of a corporate debtor). Creditors receiving preferences may be required to return the amount paid to the debtor's estate, so that it can be added to all the other assets and appropriately divided among all creditors.
Fraudulent conveyances are another vehicle by which debtors may attempt to defraud creditors. The Uniform Fraudulent Transfer Act (UFTA) was enacted to remove any temptation the debtor may have to hide property before declaring bankruptcy, such as by giving it to a relative. Under the Act, any transfer of the debtor's assets within ninety days before filing bankruptcy (or two years if the transfer is to a family member, insider, or business associate) is carefully reviewed by the bankruptcy court. If the court concludes that the debtor was attempting to defraud creditors by selling property at a below-market price, for instance, the court can order that the property be turned over to the trustee. Anything sold for fair market value before the bankruptcy filing cannot, however, be recovered by the court under the UFTA.
How can a debtor determine whether a debt is secured?
The best and perhaps the easiest way to find out whether a debt is a secured debt is to review the documents signed at the time the debt was incurred. If the debt is secured, the documents will say so and will describe the creditor's security interest, which is usually in the property that is the subject of the financing.
Home mortgages. Companies financing home purchases almost always require a mortgage on the house. If the borrower defaults on the mortgage payments, the lender can force a foreclosure, in which case the house is sold and the proceeds are used to pay of the debt.
Bankruptcy law provides two basic forms of relief: (1) liquidation and (2) rehabilitation, also known as reorganization. Most bankruptcies filed in the United States involve liquidation, which is governed by Chapter 7 of the Bankruptcy Code. In a Chapter 7 liquidation case, a bankruptcy trustee collects the debtor's nonexempt property and converts it into cash. The trustee distributes the resulting fund among the creditors in a particular order of priority described in the Code. Not all creditors will receive the full amount owed through this process, and some may receive nothing. When liquidation and distribution are complete, the bankruptcy court may discharge any remaining debts of an individual debtor. If the debtor is a corporation, it ceases to exist after liquidation and distribution, and there is therefore no real reason for further discharge because the creditors cannot seek payment from an entity that no longer exists.
In a rehabilitation or reorganization, the option courts often prefer, creditors may be provided with a better opportunity to recoup what they are owed. Chapter 11 or Chapter 13 of the Bankruptcy Code governs this type of bankruptcy. Chapter 11 usually applies to individual debtors with excessive or complex debts, or to large commercial entities like corporations. Chapter 13 usually applies to individual consumers with smaller debts. (Farmers and municipalities may seek reorganization through the Code's special chapters, Chapters 12 and 9, respectively.) Reorganization provides a greater opportunity to retain assets if the debtor agrees to pay off debts according to a plan approved by the bankruptcy court. If the debtor fails to do so, however, the court may order liquidation.
Debtors must meet a means test to determine if they are financially eligible for straight Chapter 7 liquidation. In brief, if a debtor can repay out of his adjusted current monthly income $1000 each month to unsecured creditors, over a span of 60 months, he may not avail himself of Chapter 7 and must go into Chapter 13.
Under Chapters 7 and 11, creditors, too, have the option of filing for relief against the debtor, which is known as an involuntary bankruptcy. Involuntary bankruptcies are allowed only when there are a minimum number of creditors and a minimum amount of debt. The debtor has the right to file a response, after which the court determines whether the creditors are entitled to relief. If the court dismisses the involuntary bankruptcy filing, finding that it has no merit, the creditors may have to pay the debtor's attorneys' fees, damages for any losses the debtor experienced because of the bankruptcy, and even punitive damages to punish the creditors for the frivolous or abusive filing of a petition.
Foreclosures are the actions taken when a mortgagor fails to make the required mortgage payments on time and the lender, or mortgagee, forces the sale of the property-often the debtor's home-to pay off the debt. Foreclosures can be either judicial, which requires court involvement, or pursuant to a clause in the mortgage that allows for such sales.
Although bankruptcy may be legally reported on your credit report for up to 10 years, you can begin to reestablish your credit immediately after your bankruptcy discharge. Lenders will consider many factors while determining whether to extend credit to you, but the most important of all factors that they will consider is your debt-to-income ratio. Based on the credit scoring models currently used by the credit reporting agencies, a debtor's credit score often actually improves upon the filing of a bankruptcy because of the elimination of debt.
No. You are required by law to list all of your creditors, including friends and family members who have loaned you money. Intentional failure to list a debt is a serious matter and could result in a denial of your entire bankruptcy discharge. However, you are not prohibited from voluntarily paying selected debts after you file for bankruptcy. Paul Benson can explain how you can legally repay any debt you want, after your bankruptcy is over, on a purely voluntary basis without a reaffirmation agreement.
You must attend a first meeting of creditors. Paul Benson will be with you at this meeting. This meeting is held in a hearing room used by the bankruptcy trustees, not in court. The trustee will ask you questions regarding your bankruptcy filing. If any of your creditors are present, they can also ask you questions. However, creditors rarely attend this hearing, and if they do, they rarely ask questions. Your attendance at this hearing is mandatory, and failure to appear can result in dismissal of your case.
Parties that receive notice of a bankruptcy are your creditors, the Bankruptcy Court, the IRS and the Oregon Department of Revenue. Bankruptcy is a public record, so anyone who wants to try to find out about your bankruptcy could find out about it. Many people believe that notices of all bankruptcies are printed in the newspapers, but this is not true.
When our clients call, they speak directly with Paul Benson.
We are a Debt-Relief Agency © Law Office of Paul Benson.
All rights reserved. We help people file for bankruptcy under the bankruptcy code.


The right of eminent domain is hereby extended to all corporations incorporated or that may hereafter be incorporated under the laws of this state or any state or territory of the United States, and doing business in this state, for the purpose of acquiring, owning or operating mines, mills or reduction works, or mining or milling gold and silver or other minerals, which may desire to erect and operate surface tramways or elevated cable tramways for the purpose of carrying, conveying or transporting the products of such mines, mills or reduction works.
Water rights—Appropriation for industrial (mining) purposes: RCW 90.16.020 and 90.16.030.
Every corporation incorporated or that may hereafter be incorporated under the laws of this state or any state or territory of the United States, and doing business in this state, for the purpose of acquiring, owning or operating mines, mills or reduction works, or mining or milling gold and silver or other minerals, which may desire to erect and operate surface tramways or elevated cable tramways for the purpose of carrying, conveying or transporting the products of such mines, mills or reduction works, shall have the right to enter upon any land between the termini of the proposed lines for the purpose of examining, locating and surveying such lines, doing no unnecessary damage thereby.
Manner of exercising right of eminent domain.
Every such corporation shall have the right to appropriate real estate or other property for right-of-way in the same manner and under the same procedure as now is or may be hereafter provided by the law in the case of other corporations authorized by the laws of this state to exercise the right of eminent domain.
In incorporations already formed, or which may hereafter be formed under *this chapter, where the amount of the capital stock of such corporation consists of the aggregate valuation of the whole number of feet, shares, or interest in any mining claim in this state, for the working and development of which such corporation shall be or have been formed, no actual subscription to the capital stock of such corporation shall be necessary; but each owner in said mining claim shall be deemed to have subscribed such an amount to the capital stock of such corporation as under its bylaws will represent the value of so much of his or her interest in said mining claim, the legal title to which he or she may by deed, deed of trust, or other instrument vest, or have vested in such corporation for mining purposes; such subscription to be deemed to have been made on the execution and delivery to such corporation of such deed, deed of trust, or other instrument; nor shall the validity of any assessment levied by the board of trustees of such corporation be affected by the reason of the fact that the full amount of the capital stock of such corporation, as mentioned in its certificate of incorporation, shall not have been subscribed as provided in this section: PROVIDED, That the greater portion of said amount of capital stock shall have been so subscribed: AND, PROVIDED FURTHER, That this section shall not be so construed as to prohibit the stockholders of any corporation formed, or which may be formed, for mining purposes as provided in this section, from regulating the mode of making subscriptions to its capital stock and calling in the same by bylaws or express contract.
*Reviser's note: The two remaining sections of "this chapter" (Code 1881 c CLXXXV) are codified in RCW 78.04.030 above and RCW 90.16.010.
Right of stockholder to enter and examine property.
Any owner of stock to the amount of one thousand shares, in any corporation doing business under the laws of the state of Washington for the purposes of mining, shall, at all hours of business or labor on or about the premises or property of such corporation, have the right to enter upon such property and examine the same, either on the surface or underground. And it is hereby made the duty of any and all officers, managers, agents, superintendents, or persons in charge, to allow any such stockholder to enter upon and examine any of the property of such corporation at any time during the hours of business or labor; and the presentation of certificates of stock in the corporation of the amount of one thousand shares, to the officer or person in charge, shall be prima facie evidence of ownership and right to enter upon or into, and make examinations of the property of the corporation.
Penalty for violations under RCW 78.04.040.
Any violation of any of the provisions of RCW 78.04.040 by any officer or agent of such corporation shall constitute a misdemeanor, and upon conviction thereof every such officer or agent shall be fined in a sum not greater than two hundred dollars for each offense.


The luxury boutique establishment adds to the Yamhill County seat's plethora of attractions.
Next time you're in the mood for a weekend of wine tasting, you'll have one more lodging option in downtown McMinnville.
Positioned as a luxury boutique hotel with a breezy, homegrown aesthetic, the Atticus Hotel opened earlier this year in historic downtown McMinnville, just blocks away from McMenamins' Hotel Oregon.
The downtown area of the city — about 25 miles down Highway 47 from Forest Grove — boasts a growing cluster of inviting tasting rooms, fun boutiques, award-winning restaurants, historic buildings and vibrant public art.
The four-story, 36-room Atticus Hotel is anchored by an onsite restaurant and bar that should draw many Portland fans of chef John Gorham's dining empire, including Toro Bravo, Tasty n Sons, Tasty n Alder and Mediterranean Exploration Company.
Gorham's newest venture, Bless Your Heart Burgers, focuses on classic Americana cheeseburgers and fries, inspired by Gorham and chef Drew Sprouse's home states of North and South Carolina. The McMinnville restaurant will be the second Bless Your Heart to open, and the first one outside downtown Portland.
And it's not just all burgers. As a hotel restaurant, Bless Your Heart will also serve up crowd-pleasing pancakes, granola, fried chicken breakfast sandwiches, soft-serve ice cream and Gorham's signature radicchio salad.
This being wine country, the bar program will feature a rotation of local Willamette Valley wines on draft, as well as a strong whisky program, throwback slushies and draft cocktails with fun and playful riffs on the classics.
The Atticus is the local second project by developers Erin Stephenson, Brian Shea, Rob Stephenson and Jeb Bladine.
The trio also run Third Street Flats.


4br 3ba w/ Sophisticated & Modern Designs!
Absolutely Impressive 4br 3.5ba w/ Luxurious Design!
Superb 4br 3ba Designed for Modern Living!
Exceptional 4br 3ba Designed for Modern Living!
Charming 2br 1ba gardeners delight!
Absolutely Impressive 2br 2ba in the heart of Ballard!
Sophisticated 4br 3ba with Amazing Territorial Views! MUST SEE!
Gorgeous 4br 3ba Close to EVERYTHING!
3br 2.5ba Gorgeous Home w/ Open Space & Green Features!
Sophisticated 4br 3ba w/ Open Floor Plan & Territorial Views!
Fantastic 4br 3ba w/ Sophisticated Features!


text:
package org.apache.commons.lang3.exception;

import org.junit.After;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.Before;
import static org.junit.Assert.*;
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.PrintStream;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.io.StringWriter;
import java.lang.reflect.Constructor;
import java.lang.reflect.Modifier;
import java.util.List;

/**
 * Tests {@link org.apache.commons.lang3.exception.ExceptionUtils}.
 *
 *
Notes

 *

 * Make sure this exception code does not depend on Java 1.4 nested exceptions. SVN revision 38990 does not compile with
 * Java 1.3.1.
 *

 *

 *
Compiled with Sun Java 1.3.1_15

 *
Tested with Sun Java 1.3.1_15

 *
Tested with Sun Java 1.4.2_12

 *
Tested with Sun Java 1.5.0_08

 *
All of the above on Windows XP SP2 + patches.

 *

 *

 * Gary Gregory; August 16, 2006.
 *

 *
 * @since 1.0
 */
public class ExceptionUtilsTest {

    private NestableException nested;
    private Throwable withCause;
    private Throwable withoutCause;
    private Throwable jdkNoCause;
    private ExceptionWithCause cyclicCause;

    @Before
    public void setUp() {
        withoutCause = createExceptionWithoutCause();
        nested = new NestableException(withoutCause);
        withCause = new ExceptionWithCause(nested);
        jdkNoCause = new NullPointerException();
        final ExceptionWithCause a = new ExceptionWithCause(null);
        final ExceptionWithCause b = new ExceptionWithCause(a);
        a.setCause(b);
        cyclicCause = new ExceptionWithCause(a);
    }

    @After
    public void tearDown() throws Exception {
        withoutCause = null;
        nested = null;
        withCause = null;
        jdkNoCause = null;
        cyclicCause = null;
    }

    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
    private Throwable createExceptionWithoutCause() {
        try {
            throw new ExceptionWithoutCause();
        } catch (final Throwable t) {
            return t;
        }
    }

    private Throwable createExceptionWithCause() {
        try {
            try {
                throw new ExceptionWithCause(createExceptionWithoutCause());
            } catch (final Throwable t) {
                throw new ExceptionWithCause(t);
            }
        } catch (final Throwable t) {
            return t;
        }
    }

    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------

    @Test
    public void testConstructor() {
        assertNotNull(new ExceptionUtils());
        final Constructor<?>[] cons = ExceptionUtils.class.getDeclaredConstructors();
        assertEquals(1, cons.length);
        assertTrue(Modifier.isPublic(cons[0].getModifiers()));
        assertTrue(Modifier.isPublic(ExceptionUtils.class.getModifiers()));
        assertFalse(Modifier.isFinal(ExceptionUtils.class.getModifiers()));
    }

    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
    @SuppressWarnings("deprecation") // Specifically tests the deprecated methods
    @Test
    public void testGetCause_Throwable() {
        assertSame(null, ExceptionUtils.getCause(null));
        assertSame(null, ExceptionUtils.getCause(withoutCause));
        assertSame(withoutCause, ExceptionUtils.getCause(nested));
        assertSame(nested, ExceptionUtils.getCause(withCause));
        assertSame(null, ExceptionUtils.getCause(jdkNoCause));
        assertSame(cyclicCause.getCause(), ExceptionUtils.getCause(cyclicCause));
        assertSame(((ExceptionWithCause) cyclicCause.getCause()).getCause(), ExceptionUtils.getCause(cyclicCause.getCause()));
        assertSame(cyclicCause.getCause(), ExceptionUtils.getCause(((ExceptionWithCause) cyclicCause.getCause()).getCause()));
    }

    @SuppressWarnings("deprecation") // Specifically tests the deprecated methods
    @Test
    public void testGetCause_ThrowableArray() {
        assertSame(null, ExceptionUtils.getCause(null, null));
        assertSame(null, ExceptionUtils.getCause(null, new String[0]));

        // not known type, so match on supplied method names
        assertSame(nested, ExceptionUtils.getCause(withCause, null));  // default names
        assertSame(null, ExceptionUtils.getCause(withCause, new String[0]));
        assertSame(null, ExceptionUtils.getCause(withCause, new String[] {null}));
        assertSame(nested, ExceptionUtils.getCause(withCause, new String[] {"getCause"}));

        // not known type, so match on supplied method names
        assertSame(null, ExceptionUtils.getCause(withoutCause, null));
        assertSame(null, ExceptionUtils.getCause(withoutCause, new String[0]));
        assertSame(null, ExceptionUtils.getCause(withoutCause, new String[] {null}));
        assertSame(null, ExceptionUtils.getCause(withoutCause, new String[] {"getCause"}));
        assertSame(null, ExceptionUtils.getCause(withoutCause, new String[] {"getTargetException"}));
    }

    @Test
    public void testGetRootCause_Throwable() {
        assertSame(null, ExceptionUtils.getRootCause(null));
        assertSame(null, ExceptionUtils.getRootCause(withoutCause));
        assertSame(withoutCause, ExceptionUtils.getRootCause(nested));
        assertSame(withoutCause, ExceptionUtils.getRootCause(withCause));
        assertSame(null, ExceptionUtils.getRootCause(jdkNoCause));
        assertSame(((ExceptionWithCause) cyclicCause.getCause()).getCause(), ExceptionUtils.getRootCause(cyclicCause));
    }

    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
    @Test
    public void testGetThrowableCount_Throwable() {
        assertEquals(0, ExceptionUtils.getThrowableCount(null));
        assertEquals(1, ExceptionUtils.getThrowableCount(withoutCause));
        assertEquals(2, ExceptionUtils.getThrowableCount(nested));
        assertEquals(3, ExceptionUtils.getThrowableCount(withCause));
        assertEquals(1, ExceptionUtils.getThrowableCount(jdkNoCause));
        assertEquals(3, ExceptionUtils.getThrowableCount(cyclicCause));
    }

    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
    @Test
    public void testGetThrowables_Throwable_null() {
        assertEquals(0, ExceptionUtils.getThrowables(null).length);
    }

    @Test
    public void testGetThrowables_Throwable_withoutCause() {
        final Throwable[] throwables = ExceptionUtils.getThrowables(withoutCause);
        assertEquals(1, throwables.length);
        assertSame(withoutCause, throwables[0]);
    }

    @Test
    public void testGetThrowables_Throwable_nested() {
        final Throwable[] throwables = ExceptionUtils.getThrowables(nested);
        assertEquals(2, throwables.length);
        assertSame(nested, throwables[0]);
        assertSame(withoutCause, throwables[1]);
    }

    @Test
    public void testGetThrowables_Throwable_withCause() {
        final Throwable[] throwables = ExceptionUtils.getThrowables(withCause);
        assertEquals(3, throwables.length);
        assertSame(withCause, throwables[0]);
        assertSame(nested, throwables[1]);
        assertSame(withoutCause, throwables[2]);
    }

    @Test
    public void testGetThrowables_Throwable_jdkNoCause() {
        final Throwable[] throwables = ExceptionUtils.getThrowables(jdkNoCause);
        assertEquals(1, throwables.length);
        assertSame(jdkNoCause, throwables[0]);
    }

    @Test
    public void testGetThrowables_Throwable_recursiveCause() {
        final Throwable[] throwables = ExceptionUtils.getThrowables(cyclicCause);
        assertEquals(3, throwables.length);
        assertSame(cyclicCause, throwables[0]);
        assertSame(cyclicCause.getCause(), throwables[1]);
        assertSame(((ExceptionWithCause) cyclicCause.getCause()).getCause(), throwables[2]);
    }

    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
    @Test
    public void testGetThrowableList_Throwable_null() {
        final List<?> throwables = ExceptionUtils.getThrowableList(null);
        assertEquals(0, throwables.size());
    }

    @Test
    public void testGetThrowableList_Throwable_withoutCause() {
        final List<?> throwables = ExceptionUtils.getThrowableList(withoutCause);
        assertEquals(1, throwables.size());
        assertSame(withoutCause, throwables.get(0));
    }

    @Test
    public void testGetThrowableList_Throwable_nested() {
        final List<?> throwables = ExceptionUtils.getThrowableList(nested);
        assertEquals(2, throwables.size());
        assertSame(nested, throwables.get(0));
        assertSame(withoutCause, throwables.get(1));
    }

    @Test
    public void testGetThrowableList_Throwable_withCause() {
        final List<?> throwables = ExceptionUtils.getThrowableList(withCause);
        assertEquals(3, throwables.size());
        assertSame(withCause, throwables.get(0));
        assertSame(nested, throwables.get(1));
        assertSame(withoutCause, throwables.get(2));
    }

    @Test
    public void testGetThrowableList_Throwable_jdkNoCause() {
        final List<?> throwables = ExceptionUtils.getThrowableList(jdkNoCause);
        assertEquals(1, throwables.size());
        assertSame(jdkNoCause, throwables.get(0));
    }

    @Test
    public void testGetThrowableList_Throwable_recursiveCause() {
        final List<?> throwables = ExceptionUtils.getThrowableList(cyclicCause);
        assertEquals(3, throwables.size());
        assertSame(cyclicCause, throwables.get(0));
        assertSame(cyclicCause.getCause(), throwables.get(1));
        assertSame(((ExceptionWithCause) cyclicCause.getCause()).getCause(), throwables.get(2));
    }

    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
    @Test
    public void testIndexOf_ThrowableClass() {
        assertEquals(-1, ExceptionUtils.indexOfThrowable(null, null));
        assertEquals(-1, ExceptionUtils.indexOfThrowable(null, NestableException.class));

        assertEquals(-1, ExceptionUtils.indexOfThrowable(withoutCause, null));
        assertEquals(-1, ExceptionUtils.indexOfThrowable(withoutCause, ExceptionWithCause.class));
        assertEquals(-1, ExceptionUtils.indexOfThrowable(withoutCause, NestableException.class));
        assertEquals(0, ExceptionUtils.indexOfThrowable(withoutCause, ExceptionWithoutCause.class));

        assertEquals(-1, ExceptionUtils.indexOfThrowable(nested, null));
        assertEquals(-1, ExceptionUtils.indexOfThrowable(nested, ExceptionWithCause.class));
        assertEquals(0, ExceptionUtils.indexOfThrowable(nested, NestableException.class));
        assertEquals(1, ExceptionUtils.indexOfThrowable(nested, ExceptionWithoutCause.class));

        assertEquals(-1, ExceptionUtils.indexOfThrowable(withCause, null));
        assertEquals(0, ExceptionUtils.indexOfThrowable(withCause, ExceptionWithCause.class));
        assertEquals(1, ExceptionUtils.indexOfThrowable(withCause, NestableException.class));
        assertEquals(2, ExceptionUtils.indexOfThrowable(withCause, ExceptionWithoutCause.class));

        assertEquals(-1, ExceptionUtils.indexOfThrowable(withCause, Exception.class));
    }

    @Test
    public void testIndexOf_ThrowableClassInt() {
        assertEquals(-1, ExceptionUtils.indexOfThrowable(null, null, 0));
        assertEquals(-1, ExceptionUtils.indexOfThrowable(null, NestableException.class, 0));

        assertEquals(-1, ExceptionUtils.indexOfThrowable(withoutCause, null));
        assertEquals(-1, ExceptionUtils.indexOfThrowable(withoutCause, ExceptionWithCause.class, 0));
        assertEquals(-1, ExceptionUtils.indexOfThrowable(withoutCause, NestableException.class, 0));
        assertEquals(0, ExceptionUtils.indexOfThrowable(withoutCause, ExceptionWithoutCause.class, 0));

        assertEquals(-1, ExceptionUtils.indexOfThrowable(nested, null, 0));
        assertEquals(-1, ExceptionUtils.indexOfThrowable(nested, ExceptionWithCause.class, 0));
        assertEquals(0, ExceptionUtils.indexOfThrowable(nested, NestableException.class, 0));
        assertEquals(1, ExceptionUtils.indexOfThrowable(nested, ExceptionWithoutCause.class, 0));

        assertEquals(-1, ExceptionUtils.indexOfThrowable(withCause, null));
        assertEquals(0, ExceptionUtils.indexOfThrowable(withCause, ExceptionWithCause.class, 0));
        assertEquals(1, ExceptionUtils.indexOfThrowable(withCause, NestableException.class, 0));
        assertEquals(2, ExceptionUtils.indexOfThrowable(withCause, ExceptionWithoutCause.class, 0));

        assertEquals(0, ExceptionUtils.indexOfThrowable(withCause, ExceptionWithCause.class, -1));
        assertEquals(0, ExceptionUtils.indexOfThrowable(withCause, ExceptionWithCause.class, 0));
        assertEquals(-1, ExceptionUtils.indexOfThrowable(withCause, ExceptionWithCause.class, 1));
        assertEquals(-1, ExceptionUtils.indexOfThrowable(withCause, ExceptionWithCause.class, 9));

        assertEquals(-1, ExceptionUtils.indexOfThrowable(withCause, Exception.class, 0));
    }

    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
    @Test
    public void testIndexOfType_ThrowableClass() {
        assertEquals(-1, ExceptionUtils.indexOfType(null, null));
        assertEquals(-1, ExceptionUtils.indexOfType(null, NestableException.class));

        assertEquals(-1, ExceptionUtils.indexOfType(withoutCause, null));
        assertEquals(-1, ExceptionUtils.indexOfType(withoutCause, ExceptionWithCause.class));
        assertEquals(-1, ExceptionUtils.indexOfType(withoutCause, NestableException.class));
        assertEquals(0, ExceptionUtils.indexOfType(withoutCause, ExceptionWithoutCause.class));

        assertEquals(-1, ExceptionUtils.indexOfType(nested, null));
        assertEquals(-1, ExceptionUtils.indexOfType(nested, ExceptionWithCause.class));
        assertEquals(0, ExceptionUtils.indexOfType(nested, NestableException.class));
        assertEquals(1, ExceptionUtils.indexOfType(nested, ExceptionWithoutCause.class));

        assertEquals(-1, ExceptionUtils.indexOfType(withCause, null));
        assertEquals(0, ExceptionUtils.indexOfType(withCause, ExceptionWithCause.class));
        assertEquals(1, ExceptionUtils.indexOfType(withCause, NestableException.class));
        assertEquals(2, ExceptionUtils.indexOfType(withCause, ExceptionWithoutCause.class));

        assertEquals(0, ExceptionUtils.indexOfType(withCause, Exception.class));
    }

    @Test
    public void testIndexOfType_ThrowableClassInt() {
        assertEquals(-1, ExceptionUtils.indexOfType(null, null, 0));
        assertEquals(-1, ExceptionUtils.indexOfType(null, NestableException.class, 0));

        assertEquals(-1, ExceptionUtils.indexOfType(withoutCause, null));
        assertEquals(-1, ExceptionUtils.indexOfType(withoutCause, ExceptionWithCause.class, 0));
        assertEquals(-1, ExceptionUtils.indexOfType(withoutCause, NestableException.class, 0));
        assertEquals(0, ExceptionUtils.indexOfType(withoutCause, ExceptionWithoutCause.class, 0));

        assertEquals(-1, ExceptionUtils.indexOfType(nested, null, 0));
        assertEquals(-1, ExceptionUtils.indexOfType(nested, ExceptionWithCause.class, 0));
        assertEquals(0, ExceptionUtils.indexOfType(nested, NestableException.class, 0));
        assertEquals(1, ExceptionUtils.indexOfType(nested, ExceptionWithoutCause.class, 0));

        assertEquals(-1, ExceptionUtils.indexOfType(withCause, null));
        assertEquals(0, ExceptionUtils.indexOfType(withCause, ExceptionWithCause.class, 0));
        assertEquals(1, ExceptionUtils.indexOfType(withCause, NestableException.class, 0));
        assertEquals(2, ExceptionUtils.indexOfType(withCause, ExceptionWithoutCause.class, 0));

        assertEquals(0, ExceptionUtils.indexOfType(withCause, ExceptionWithCause.class, -1));
        assertEquals(0, ExceptionUtils.indexOfType(withCause, ExceptionWithCause.class, 0));
        assertEquals(-1, ExceptionUtils.indexOfType(withCause, ExceptionWithCause.class, 1));
        assertEquals(-1, ExceptionUtils.indexOfType(withCause, ExceptionWithCause.class, 9));

        assertEquals(0, ExceptionUtils.indexOfType(withCause, Exception.class, 0));
    }

    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
    @Test
    public void testPrintRootCauseStackTrace_Throwable() throws Exception {
        ExceptionUtils.printRootCauseStackTrace(null);
        // could pipe system.err to a known stream, but not much point as
        // internally this method calls stram method anyway
    }

    @Test
    public void testPrintRootCauseStackTrace_ThrowableStream() throws Exception {
        ByteArrayOutputStream out = new ByteArrayOutputStream(1024);
        ExceptionUtils.printRootCauseStackTrace(null, (PrintStream) null);
        ExceptionUtils.printRootCauseStackTrace(null, new PrintStream(out));
        assertEquals(0, out.toString().length());

        out = new ByteArrayOutputStream(1024);
        try {
            ExceptionUtils.printRootCauseStackTrace(withCause, (PrintStream) null);
            fail();
        } catch (final IllegalArgumentException ex) {
        }

        out = new ByteArrayOutputStream(1024);
        final Throwable withCause = createExceptionWithCause();
        ExceptionUtils.printRootCauseStackTrace(withCause, new PrintStream(out));
        String stackTrace = out.toString();
        assertTrue(stackTrace.indexOf(ExceptionUtils.WRAPPED_MARKER) != -1);

        out = new ByteArrayOutputStream(1024);
        ExceptionUtils.printRootCauseStackTrace(withoutCause, new PrintStream(out));
        stackTrace = out.toString();
        assertTrue(stackTrace.indexOf(ExceptionUtils.WRAPPED_MARKER) == -1);
    }

    @Test
    public void testPrintRootCauseStackTrace_ThrowableWriter() throws Exception {
        StringWriter writer = new StringWriter(1024);
        ExceptionUtils.printRootCauseStackTrace(null, (PrintWriter) null);
        ExceptionUtils.printRootCauseStackTrace(null, new PrintWriter(writer));
        assertEquals(0, writer.getBuffer().length());

        writer = new StringWriter(1024);
        try {
            ExceptionUtils.printRootCauseStackTrace(withCause, (PrintWriter) null);
            fail();
        } catch (final IllegalArgumentException ex) {
        }

        writer = new StringWriter(1024);
        final Throwable withCause = createExceptionWithCause();
        ExceptionUtils.printRootCauseStackTrace(withCause, new PrintWriter(writer));
        String stackTrace = writer.toString();
        assertTrue(stackTrace.indexOf(ExceptionUtils.WRAPPED_MARKER) != -1);

        writer = new StringWriter(1024);
        ExceptionUtils.printRootCauseStackTrace(withoutCause, new PrintWriter(writer));
        stackTrace = writer.toString();
        assertTrue(stackTrace.indexOf(ExceptionUtils.WRAPPED_MARKER) == -1);
    }

    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
    @Test
    public void testGetRootCauseStackTrace_Throwable() throws Exception {
        assertEquals(0, ExceptionUtils.getRootCauseStackTrace(null).length);

        final Throwable withCause = createExceptionWithCause();
        String[] stackTrace = ExceptionUtils.getRootCauseStackTrace(withCause);
        boolean match = false;
        for (final String element : stackTrace) {
            if (element.startsWith(ExceptionUtils.WRAPPED_MARKER)) {
                match = true;
                break;
            }
        }
        assertTrue(match);

        stackTrace = ExceptionUtils.getRootCauseStackTrace(withoutCause);
        match = false;
        for (final String element : stackTrace) {
            if (element.startsWith(ExceptionUtils.WRAPPED_MARKER)) {
                match = true;
                break;
            }
        }
        assertFalse(match);
    }

    @Test(expected=IllegalArgumentException.class)
    public void testRemoveCommonFrames_ListList() throws Exception {
        ExceptionUtils.removeCommonFrames(null, null);
    }

    @Test
    public void test_getMessage_Throwable() {
        Throwable th = null;
        assertEquals("", ExceptionUtils.getMessage(th));

        th = new IllegalArgumentException("Base");
        assertEquals("IllegalArgumentException: Base", ExceptionUtils.getMessage(th));

        th = new ExceptionWithCause("Wrapper", th);
        assertEquals("ExceptionUtilsTest.ExceptionWithCause: Wrapper", ExceptionUtils.getMessage(th));
    }

    @Test
    public void test_getRootCauseMessage_Throwable() {
        Throwable th = null;
        assertEquals("", ExceptionUtils.getRootCauseMessage(th));

        th = new IllegalArgumentException("Base");
        assertEquals("IllegalArgumentException: Base", ExceptionUtils.getRootCauseMessage(th));

        th = new ExceptionWithCause("Wrapper", th);
        assertEquals("IllegalArgumentException: Base", ExceptionUtils.getRootCauseMessage(th));
    }

    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
    /**
     * Provides a method with a well known chained/nested exception
     * name which matches the full signature (e.g. has a return value
     * of Throwable.
     */
    private static class ExceptionWithCause extends Exception {
        private Throwable cause;

        public ExceptionWithCause(final String str, final Throwable cause) {
            super(str);
            setCause(cause);
        }

        public ExceptionWithCause(final Throwable cause) {
            super();
            setCause(cause);
        }

        @Override
        public Throwable getCause() {
            return cause;
        }

        public void setCause(final Throwable cause) {
            this.cause = cause;
        }
    }

    /**
     * Provides a method with a well known chained/nested exception
     * name which does not match the full signature (e.g. lacks a
     * return value of Throwable.
     */
    private static class ExceptionWithoutCause extends Exception {
        @SuppressWarnings("unused")
        public void getTargetException() {
        }
    }

    // Temporary classes to allow the nested exception code to be removed
    // prior to a rewrite of this test class.
    private static class NestableException extends Exception {
        @SuppressWarnings("unused")
        public NestableException() { super(); }
        public NestableException(final Throwable t) { super(t); }
    }

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Riverport is the top industrial location within Louisville, which itself is the regional economic hub for manufacturing and logistics. We are strategically located at a crossroads of road, rail, river, and just minutes from the end of runway service.
Riverport companies can reach most of their customers within a day's drive or by overnight flights out of UPS Worldport, giving them an edge over the competition. Riverport is served by a public inland port and three railroads: Norfolk Southern, CSX, and Paducah & Louisville.
By providing more options to our companies, a location in Riverport substantially decreases the costs of moving materials and product.


Peter and John cure a lame.
A prophet shall the Lord your God raise up unto you of your brethren, like unto me; him shall ye hear in all things whatsoever he shall say unto you.
25 Ye are the children of the prophets, and of the covenant which God made with our fathers, saying unto Abraham, And in thy seed shall all the kindred of the earth be blessed.
Event: Peter and John cure a lame.


text:
Jeff Bezos would pay over $6 billion a year in taxes under Warren plan
by Payday Bucket
Amazon CEO Jeff Bezos attends a commemoration ceremony held in front of Saudi consulate on the first anniversary of his murder, in Istanbul, Turkey on October 02, 2019.
Elif Ozturk | Anadolu Agency | Getty Images
The presidential primaries are still months away, but Sen. Elizabeth Warren has already doubled her wealth tax.
As part of her plan to pay for "Medicare for All," Warren would double the top rate of her wealth tax to 6% from 3%.
That would mean Jeff Bezos would pay more than $6.5 billion in wealth taxes this year alone. Not to mention the other new taxes Warren plans for the rich, which includes taxing capital gains at the same marginal tax rate as ordinary income, which means that if Bezos sells Amazon stock – as he does every year to fund Blue Origin – he would pay a tax rate of 37% on the stock. Previously, the rate was 23.8%.
But there is another less-publicized feature of Warren's health-care tax that could be even larger. In addition to taxing capital gains as ordinary income, she would also tax unrealized capital gains. That means that Bill Gates, whose fortune has increase $18 billion this year from Microsoft stock appreciation, would pay a wealth tax of more than $6 billion, plus another $6 billion on the appreciation of his stock – even if he didn't sell any shares. So Gates would owe over $12 billion in taxes this year – unless he put more into his foundation first.
We will see whether Warren's new numbers will change Gates' support for a wealth tax.
BezosbillionJeffpayplantaxesWarrenyear
Dow could join other benchmarks at a record as strong seasonality kicks in
What Wall Street analysts got wrong about GrubHub


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text:
Q: How can I prevent a Python FMX GUI Form from being resized? I have a window Form that is created with the DelphiFMX GUI library for Python. My code and Form look like this:
from delphifmx import *

class frmMain(Form):
    def __init__(self, owner):
        self.Caption = 'My Form'
        self.Width = 1000
        self.Height = 500

def main():
    Application.Initialize()
    Application.Title = "My Application"
    Application.MainForm = frmMain(Application)
    Application.MainForm.Show()
    Application.Run()
    Application.MainForm.Destroy()

main()

The Form should not be able to be resized by dragging the sides of the Form and the Maximize button should be disabled or invisible.
How do you stop the app (Form) from being resized?

A: I asked the same question on GitHub and got an answer. Need to add the following two lines of code to stop the Form from being resized:
self.BorderStyle = "Single"
self.BorderIcons = ["biSystemMenu","biMinimize"]

BorderStyle = "Single" stops the Form from being resized by dragging the sides of it.
BorderIcons = ["biSystemMenu","biMinimize"] disables the Maximize button in Title Bar.
Here's how the Form looks like. You can see Maximize is disabled:

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange