text:
Bolton School Senior Girls
Suggested Reading List
Why Choose a Girls' School
Textiles Technology
Economics and Business Studies
Food Preparation and Nutrition
ICT and Computing
The Dymond Society
BEST and Business Competition
Elite Athlete Programme
Curriculum Enrichment Programme
Trips and Visits
Arts and Sciences Enrichment Lectures
Links with Parents
PSHEE
A Head Girl Reflects
A Parent's View
Virtual Art Exhibition
Year 11 GCSE Work
Year 12 A Level Work
Lots to Learn at Legal Services Careers Day
Boys' and Girls' Division pupils in Year 11 and the Sixth Form with an interest in a career in law had the opportunity to learn more through a special themed careers day. The event was designed to give students an insight into what to expect from a future in legal services and paths they could take to obtain the necessary qualifications.
Old Girl Helen Pantelides opened the Legal Services Information Day with a keynote speech in which she talked about her own career so far. After attending Bolton School from 1998 to 2005, she went on to study law at the University of Sheffield. She then took a year long Legal Practice Course (LPC) at Chester College of Law (now the University of Law, Chester). After obtaining her LPC qualification, she became a Paralegal at Keoghs LLP before gaining a trainee solicitor post with Shoosmiths LLP. On qualification in 2013, she became an Associate at Taylor Wessing LLP, a full-service international law firm with such high-profile clients as Amazon and Google.
She also talked about why she chose a career in law. In part, it was thanks to work experience placements undertaken while she was still at Bolton School at high street law firms, and also because of a paid placement in one of the magic circle law firms. She explained that these experiences were really useful not just because they allowed her to see what legal practice is really like, but also because it gave her a feel for what type of company she wanted to work for after qualifying. She also talked about the pros and cons of the legal profession, and of the different types of company that exist within it, which gave the audience plenty to consider.
Helen's keynote speech gave pupils a great insight into the level of dedication needed to become a solicitor or barrister, as well as the length of time it is likely to take. She was also able to shed light on the skills needed to do well in this field, and offered valuable advice on obtaining and developing these talents.
The second speaker for the day was James Mannouch, who is a lecturer at the University of Law. He talked about how to become a lawyer, but also ensured that the session was engaging and interactive. He split the audience into two groups and asked half of them to argue that Jaffa Cakes are cakes, and the other half to argue that they are biscuits. Although they are technically cakes, the biscuit side of the room had the better argument and therefore won! This showed the importance of making a good argument in the legal profession.
Mr Mannouch also led a workshop session about criminal case law. This was run much like a university seminar, and showed them how to work through a case as they would in reality. He used a well-known case study to illustrate how the legal profession deals with a criminal case, and during the session the group worked through four stages: analysis, interview, witness evidence, and cross-examination.
The case used in this instance was the death of Reeva Steenkamp at the hands of Oscar Pistorius, looking only a murder charge and using English law. The pupils were asked to imagine that they were working on the defence – a particularly interesting stance to take, since the vast majority of them considered Pistorius to be guilty!
The workshop was very interactive and pupils took part in a number of exercises, including establishing material evidence and holding mock interviews where they split into pairs and pretended to be Pistorius and his solicitor discussing the event of the night of the death.
In the afternoon, Chris Hoskin talked to pupils about alternative routes into law. Mr Hoskin is a Chartered Legal Executive and the Development Officer at The Chartered Institute of Legal Executives (CILEx). He began the talk by giving a little background to his own career as well as explaining that Chartered Legal Executives often work with solicitors and specialise in one specific area of the law. However, they are not trained at university, but rather vocationally and professionally.
He went on to briefly outline the university route and the various issues someone who wanted to train in law might have with this, such as the cost, the long time it would take to become fully qualified, and the fact that at every stage there are many more applicants than places, making it intensely competitive.
He then discussed various alternative routes. These included qualifying as a solicitor with CILEx, which involves academic study while gaining professional experience, takes only four years, and is often paid at least in part by an employer; legal apprenticeships, which can be government funded and lead into the CILEx qualification; and also advocacy. Mr Hoskin gave the pupils a great insight into alternative and potentially attractive options that they might not have considered before, and this popular talk was therefore really useful for those who attended.
The final talk of the day was given by Dr Nicolas Kang-Riou, one of the lecturers at the University of Salford's College of Business and Law. He spoke about what studying law at university will actually involve on a practical level, and how the 'traditional' route into law has changed in recent times. For example, he explained that only a minority of students who study law at undergraduate level go on to become qualified by completing their LPC or BPTC. He therefore explained that universities have had to re-think how they teach law at this level and therefore courses may include a more diverse range of options on top of the basics of law that are required as a foundation of the law degree.
This was a fascinating talk which allowed pupils to find out more about what they would study at university level. It also gave them a chance to consider the other possibilities a law degree might open up beyond the legal profession, as well as within it.
The Legal Services Information Day gave the Year 11 and Sixth Form students a lot of detailed and interesting information to consider, and has been a valuable experience for those considering a future in the legal profession.
Old Girl Helen Pantelides with two pupils who attended her speech
A group of girls discuss the Oscar Pistorius evidence during the criminal case workshop
Mr Hoskin talked about alternative routes into law


text:
Work on skate park gets underway after two decades
WORK has begun on a skate park that has been 20 years in the offing.
Work has started on the long-awaited skate park
The two-decade battle to provide Cobham's youngsters with the leisure facility is finally drawing to a close.
Building work began on the Leg O'Mutton field on Monday last week, and should be completed within four weeks.
Elmbridge Borough Council's (EBC's) contractors expect to complete a base within a fortnight, and install equipment in the following two weeks.
Councillors gave the green light to fund the scheme, providing £59,000, more than a year ago, alongside the Chamber of Commerce's donation of £24,000.
It followed a long battle from the village's residents to secure a skate park in the town complete with ramps, rails, pipes and grind-boxes.
The 13-year-old who wrote the first letter to the council asking for his half-pipe dream to become reality is now in his mid-30s, causing concern among residents that the idea was dated and not necessary.
But chairman of the Cobham and Downside Residents' Association Ken Purssey, who has campaigned for the park for many years, said his research had proved there remained a high demand for skating facilities, and it provided young people with somewhere to meet, instead of going to Leatherhead and Guildford's parks.
"I was in Leatherhead at the weekend and there were more than 30 youngsters at their skate park, so there's clearly a demand," he said.
"We've researched this, and found councils in Runnymede, Spelthorne and Woking are all still putting them in, so the demand is definitely there."
Mr Purssey said he had ensured the park would deliver what youngsters wanted, and, in conjunction with EBC officers, studied different facilities. He promised to make Cobham's one of the best.
The park has been designed by specialist skate park developers GBH Ramps and will be sound-deadened. It will feature two quarterpipes, a flatbank, a pyramid with a ledge and rail, a driveway with a profile grind-box, a Wembley gap, a mini ramp, and for the less energetic, a bench.
Details and the layout of the park are available to view at the Leg O'Mutton field as well as on the council's website at www.elmbridge.gov.uk/leisure.
For more information contact Mike Smith, parks and recreation manager by e-mail at leisure@elmbridge.gov.uk or on 01372 474571.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Is the AAF the real deal?
We've seen this story before. Upstart and unconventional football leagues filled with former college standouts aiming to provide fans with quality football during the NFL's offseason hiatus. Back in the '80s it was the short-lived USFL; in 2001 it became the widely entertaining, but brief, XFL; a lockout later gave way to the UFL in 2009. Now the AAF—Alliance of American Football—embarks on a mission to establish longevity, an endeavor that other leagues have failed to achieve.
The AAF is confident in its ability to avoid falling into the abyss of obsolete American football leagues. For one, the league's primary intention is not to compete with the NFL, but rather complement it; AAF CEO Charlie Ebersol has stressed his desire for a symbiotic relationship between the two leagues. Competing with the NFL—an industry that garners $15 billion in yearly revenue—is an unwinnable situation, so the AAF at least has its NFL-related priorities in order.
Ebersol has also assembled a fortified leadership team, which he believes will make for seamless communication between players and higher-ups, the lack of which seems to mar the NFL daily. Widely respected former NFL General Manager Bill Polian is the new league's head of football operations. Meanwhile, an array of former NFL players including Troy Polamalu and Hines Ward are in charge of player relations and football development departments.
Now five weeks into its inaugural season, the AAF has found surprising success. The combination of big names and an unparalleled viewer experience has proven to be a winning formula. For instance, fans have craved watching former SEC standouts Trent Richardson and Aaron Murray with fewer interruptions from TV timeouts and full-screen commercial breaks.
Games have been televised nationally on CBS Sports Network, NFL Network and TNT. The AAF's Week 1 debut averaged 2.9 million viewers per broadcast, according to sportstvratings.com. A week later, Action Network's Darren Rovell reported that a broadcast of a game between the Arizona Hotshots and Memphis Express drew an overnight rating of 2.1, exceeding the 2.0 rating for the NBA game between the Houston Rockets and Oklahoma City Thunder that same night. The AAF has been able to both accumulate and retain an audience, a feat rather impressive for a startup league.
Ultimately, however, any long-term success is dependent on the league's financial situation. Initial player contracts promised three-year deals worth $250,000 in addition to other bonuses and post-career education opportunities. While such a plan seems favorable, its attainability will be revealed in the months to come.
Already, the AAF appears to be swimming in murky waters with its finances. Had it not been for an emergency $250 million investment by NHL Carolina Hurricanes majority owner Tom Dundon, the AAF would have been unable to pay its players in Week 2, according to The Athletic. Moving forward, financial stability and transparency will only become more integral for the AAF.
The purpose of the AAF seems simple enough: assemble a football league to complement the NFL in an effort to give cast-offs a second chance at revitalizing their playing career. And while early results have been positive, only time will tell whether the AAF winds up as the next XFL or blossoms into something greater.


BISMARK — A look inside St. Sebastian's Church makes it obvious that the Catholic Church's Toledo diocese is winning the 12-year-old battle to raze the 170-year-old structure.
Many, however, think differently, including the 100 who showed up Thursday afternoon for a Toledo Blade picture shot by guild photographer Jeremy Wadsworth.
"Attorneys are carefully working through the legal process in guiding our appeal toward Rome," parishioner Deb Bumb said. "We have Canon Law on our side if Bishop (Daniel) Thomas adheres to the clause that orders him to make no decision until all appeals are heard. We are basing our stand on the fact that we were not advised of the relegation back in December. Had we known, we would have contested the razing much earlier than what we did. Letters to this effect have been sent to both the diocesan office and Rome.
"We have been betrayed by the diocese," she said. "There is absolutely no reason this church should be torn down. In 2005 the reason given was shortage of priests. Now they say it is a financial problem. The latter could not be further from the truth. We were operating in the black. And we have a benefactor in the late Ralph Phillips and now his daughter, Angela, who not only bought the school and the house across the road from the church and deeded it back to us, but also offered the buy the church outright or pay for any remodeling that needed done. Toledo would have no part of it.
Since then parishioners, including retired welder Joe Fritz, have taken upon themselves to strip the church completely. Pews were first to go, some of them sold. Thirteen were kept. Then the stained glass windows were removed and crated. Anything that was wood-stained was unscrewed or unbolted and that included the complete confessional and of all things, the ceiling. Wall paintings were carefully stripped. Even the woodwork that surrounded the choir loft was taken off. All was stored in a safe place.
Bumb refuses to believe anything other than Rome will intervene and the church will be just that again, St. Sebastian's Catholic Church. "God is in charge. God prevails," she said.
Fritz, like many others, continues to attend Sunday Mass at St. Gasper.
"I was really troubled some time back when one of our long-time parishioners stopped and visited with us in the parking lot," he said. "I told him I had not seen him around and he told me that since the church closed in 2005, he hasn't been to church in years. He told me if the diocese has the power to take away the church he has attended for 60 years, he doesn't need the church. And here is a man who attended school across the road.
Bumb can not speak highly enough of the Phillips family.
It remains the hope of all that St. Sebastian's will again be re-blessed as a church and if that is the case, everything will be brought out of storage and replaced, a two-week job according to Fritz, providing he has the six parishioners who helped him detach all the woodwork, railings, ceiling and the like.
If not a church again, perhaps a chapel. That would happen if Angela Phillips stepped in and bought the property. She offered $300,000, a sum that was previously turned down by Toledo. And that is a sticking point as far as Fritz is concerned.
Is there any idea when a decision will come down?


I have intended to play for a long time to turn a roulette in an online casino, but I can not make a choice as for a proper solid gamble-resource.
As a matter of fact, while you are playing on conditional money candy wrappers you win often enough. There is a question � whether I can entrust casino real money.
I have heard that there are some diplomas documents which special commissions on supervising internet gambling give to casinos.
I am curious what I am interested in is - where it is possible to look at them and what their form is in general.
Also I have seen in some casinos an option function - �honesty control� - there are some figures and letters in the window, I can not understand what it can mean how much I can trust it.
Today an overwhelming majority the majority of online casinos give free bonuses to their players, both on the first deposit, and on the subsequent winnings.
It is not a secret that all loyalty programs are created developed for keeping players in the casino.
However the gambling-house the casino administration never forgets about their own benefit. Offering a bonus in the form of prize-winning money charges, the casino, as a rule, enters an extortionate favourable for the casino algorithm of winning back each gifted dollar.
All know all professional players are aware that, the law of large numbers is always on the casino side, therefore winning back bonuses can bring the player to ruin.
Today rates of winning back bonuses in various online casinos fluctuate from 1:10 to 1:30, which as a matter of fact is the latent mechanism of depriving too trustful players of money. Moreover, in some <a href=http://allbestcasino.com>online casinos </a> there are rules according to which if a client refuses bonuses after the charge, all prize of the client is written off from the account.
The most democratic loyal online casino for today are GrandCasino, 21nova Casino, 888 Casino, JOKERBANK, AceKing.
But even on acceptable just conditions of winning back bonuses, skilled players don't advise beginners to fall for this bait.
In the online casino as well as in traditional gambling houses it is possible to hit the jackpot to win only under condition of a careful game on different tables.
I had a dream to start my business, however I did not have got enough of cash to do this. Thank God my close fellow said to utilize the loan. Therefore I used the secured loan and made real my dream.


When using libraries, I often find myself torn between the standard ones versus importing a firehose like numpy. The former gives me the base upon which I build functions and get the task at hand done, which is often tedious, but offers a sense of accomplishment in the end. Whereas with the latter, all the heavy lifting is done for you by this powerful library. (There are, of course, occasions where I do not hesitate to use numpy, like generating plots for example, where I am less interested in understanding graphics, more in getting results for further realization.) This I suppose rarely crosses a full-time programmer's or a data scientist's mind, who may be doing this all day with a key objective of writing error-free code quickly and painlessly.
Data dominates. If you've chosen the right data structures and organized things well, [then] the algorithms will almost always be self-evident. Data structures, not algorithms, are central to programming.
If desired, a dictionary like structure can easily be added to raw csv data using the code below, whose output would look much like the list shown above.
print "Mean (roll):", average_roll_angle_topside, "deg"
print "Max (roll):", max(roll_angles_topside), "deg"
print "SD (roll)", sqrt(variance_roll_angle_topside), "deg"
Notice from above that only values corresponding to roll angles (those with rangle labels) appear in this list — this is via x['rangle'], which would still have output like 'rangle': 10.5. Thereafter, filter() is further used to remove the remaining labels in the list, namely, all instances of rangle. The code on line 10, therefore, is essential in either the standard library method, or the numpy method that we'll see later.
With if len(roll_angles_topside) > 0:, overflow error is avoided, and we then want to progress further to calculate the average (or mean) of these roll angles. This is done with reduce(), which takes a function (add, an operator in this case) to sum all values in the list, roll_angles_topside. The sum is then divided by the number of values in the list to get mean roll angle.
Lastly, standard deviation is calculated as the square root of the variance, from step 3.
print "Mean (roll):", numpy.mean(numpy.array(roll_angles_topside)), "deg"
print "SD (roll):", numpy.std(numpy.array(roll_angles_topside)), "deg"
print "Max (roll): ", max(roll_angles_topside), "deg"
print "Available motion datasets: topside_assets, jacket_assets, misc_assets"
print "Available parameters: 'rangle', 'rperiod', 'pangle', 'pperiod', 'heave_accl', 'heave_period', 'cargo_wt'"
A couple of days ago, I was stuck with a problem calculating wave lengths: I had three lists (of equal lengths, or number of items) — generated from a tuple, which consisted of significant wave heights (Hs) & peak wave periods (Tp) — both corresponding to 1-month return period, and water depths (d).
Due to the need to perform depth criteria check — as shallow water non-linearity kicks-in for intermediate and shallow depths, I could not use the map() function. This is because the anonymous function, lambda(), is too simple for multiple conditional checks.
# list with the chosen ones.
So, the task that I could not do in one line with map() function, I split it into creating an empty list (L_all = ) first, and then populate a criteria-matching wave length for each value in lists.
zip() is a function that lets me perform acrobatics across multiple tuples, and I like it a lot.


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Q: How to merge a color multiband raster to a singleband color raster? Background:
At Arc Desktop 10.6.1, I have an aerial photo tif image: 4-band (RGBA), 16-bit, unsigned integer.  When displayed, it shows as natural-color.  Here's a screen snip of just a small portion of the image:

Problem:
The image's file size - 14 GB(!) - is too great.  I suspect the large file size results from its 3-inch pixel resolution and 4 bands.
I would like to reduce the image's file size, while a) keeping the same pixel dimensions, and b) retaining some degree of the original color.  In other words, I'm willing to accept a limited range of colors in the output if I can keep the 3-inch pixel size.  Given the 3-inch constraint, my only option appears to be to reduce the number of bands to one.
If a single-band output could be achieved with 16-bit color, its resulting 65,536 colors just might be enough.  I need to answer that question, but have not yet been able to output such a single-band color image.
This screen snip shows conceptually what I would like to accomplish in Arc:

Source
Although this example utilized satellite imagery, and outputs to a false-color image, it shows my train of thought: reduce file size by merging the RGB bands into a single output band containing some degree of color.
Efforts to date:
I've been able to create a single-band grey image using this flow:

*

*Using the Arcmap > Windows > Image Analysis tool, Clip the source image

*In the ensuing raster Layer Properties > Functions > R-click > Insert Function > Grayscale Function > apply equal weights to R, G, and B.

The output image is now single-band, 16-bit, and it's file size is reduced from 14 GB to 3 GB.  Good news, but unfortunately it's not color...
I've tried other functions in addition to Grayscale, but to no avail.
How can I merge the multiple bands into a single color band, using Arc?

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Pressure cookers have become very important because they are fast, reliable and durable. They not only reduce cooking time significantly but they also cook, healthy delicious meals. In this article, we are going to give you professional tips for making pressure cooker chili.
Regulate the heat in the pressure cooker to medium them pour olive oil together with green pepper, onions and jalapeno pepper. Allow them to cook for about minutes while stirring gently until the onion is translucent. All garlic to the mixture and allow them to cook for about 1 minutes while stirring. Once you are done, return the meat that you had previously cooked back to the pressure cook then add diced tomatoes, kidney beans, brown sugar, tomato paste , cocoa powder chili powder, cumin, red pepper flakes salt and water.
Lock the pressure cooker lid to increase pressure then reduce heat to ensure that it maintains its pressure. The food to cook for about 10 minutes. Remove the pressure cooker from heat and allow the pressure to lower on its own, a process that will take approximately 10 minutes. When pressure is fully released from the cooker, remove the lid gently, stir the chilly then serve.


This just in from Mr. Schaffer!
Desmos is an online graphing program. Precalculus students used functions and domain restrictions to make their own art. It also included motion when in the online program itself. Here are pictures of their final results!


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Q: Inject only SOME controllers from a seperate assembly into REST I have some controllers in a seperate assembly that I want to include. I am able to add all of them just find using AddApplicationPart(). But I only want some of them to be added. I am trying to make a controller provider that overrides IsController but the change isn't being applied:
This is my ConfigureServicesMethod:
  public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
    {
        foreach (Assembly assembly in ServiceSettings.AssembliesWithControllers)
        {
            services.AddMvc().AddApplicationPart(assembly)
                .ConfigureApplicationPartManager(manager =>
            {
                manager.FeatureProviders.Add(new ControllerProvider(Configuration));
            }).AddControllersAsServices();
        }

        services.AddHealthChecks().AddCheck("MainHealthCheck", new HealthCheck(), HealthStatus.Unhealthy);
        services.AddSwaggerGen(c =>
        {
            c.SwaggerDoc(ServiceSettings.Version, new OpenApiInfo { Title = ServiceSettings.ServiceName, Version = ServiceSettings.Version });
        });
    }

And this is my ControllerProvider (for testing purposes I am just returning false right now, but I am still seeing all of my controllers):
public class ControllerProvider : ControllerFeatureProvider
{
    public readonly IConfiguration _configuration;

    public ControllerProvider(IConfiguration configuration)
    {
        _configuration = configuration;
    }

    protected override bool IsController(TypeInfo typeInfo)
    {
        return false;
    }
}

Does anyone know why this method is not working to exclude controllers or have a better suggestion for how to exclude some controllers?
Edit: Update:
This will work, but I lose the ability to add multiple assemblies nd I would like to be able to find a way to marry the two solutions.
services.AddControllers(options => options.Filters.Add(new BaseActionFilter()))
            .AddApplicationPart(ServiceSettings.AssembliesWithControllers[0])
                .ConfigureApplicationPartManager(manager =>
                {
                    manager.FeatureProviders.Add(new ControllerProvider(Configuration));
                });


When I click the security tab under each site managed, Defender is showing X amount of security issues HOWEVER on the backend of WordPress, another amount of security issues show instead. Therefore, Defender on WPMUDEV and Wordpress are not communicating with each other. There is conflicting information.
When you say Defender on WPMU DEV, do you mean on hub?
Also, note that, there might be a little consistency due to cache issue. So, please test after some time and see if they are still mismatched.


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Richard Derek Blight (October 17, 1955 – April 3, 2005) was a professional hockey player.

A native of Portage la Prairie, Manitoba, Blight had a long and varied hockey career as a Right Wing for teams in the National Hockey League (NHL), Central Hockey League (CHL) and the American Hockey League (AHL). After playing junior hockey in the Manitoba Junior Hockey League and the Western Hockey League, Blight was selected by the Vancouver Canucks in the first round of the 1975 NHL Amateur Draft. Blight was also drafted by the Michigan Stags in the second round of the 1974 WHA Amateur Draft, but did not play in the WHA. The name Blight is of Cornish origin.

Playing career
Blight was the Canucks' top scorer over his first three years in the NHL, finishing fifth, first and second in team scoring in 1975, 1976 and 1977 with a total of 187 points.

Blight was the recipient of the WCHL Rookie of the Year Award in 1973, and was a member of the CHL Second All-Star Team in 1981.

Blight retired from playing hockey in 1983 and began a career as a stockbroker and marketing consultant, as well as managing his family farm in his native Manitoba. In 1995, Blight was inducted into the Manitoba Sports Hall of Fame.

On April 3, 2005, Blight disappeared. Two weeks later, on April 18, after a Canada-wide search, Blight was found dead in a field on a farm near Lake Manitoba in his pickup truck. He had committed suicide.

Awards and achievements
1973: WCHL Rookie of the Year
1981: CHL Second All-Star Team
"Honoured Member" of the Manitoba Hockey Hall of Fame

Career statistics

Regular season and playoffs

International

Personal
His niece, Halli Krzyzaniak, currently plays in the Canadian Women's Hockey League for the Calgary Inferno.

References

External links

Profile at hockeydraftcentral.com
Rick Blight's biography at the Manitoba Hockey Hall of Fame

1955 births
2005 suicides
Brandon Wheat Kings players
Canadian ice hockey right wingers
Canadian people of Cornish descent
Canadian stockbrokers
Cincinnati Tigers players
Ice hockey people from Manitoba
Los Angeles Kings players
Michigan Stags draft picks
Moncton Alpines (AHL) players
National Hockey League first-round draft picks
New Haven Nighthawks players
Sportspeople from Portage la Prairie
Portage Terriers players
Suicides in Manitoba
Vancouver Canucks draft picks
Vancouver Canucks players
Wichita Wind players
2005 deaths

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Cybersecurity and embedded Defense systems
By Norbert Di Costanzo
Chief Operating Officer and senior member of the Scientific Community, Atos
Cybersecurity and embedded Defense systems: the emergence of a major challenge Download the magazine overview And Francis Raguin
Aeronautic project director, Atos
The three major challenges facing cybersecurity and embedded defense systems
Cybersecurity is not a new concept in the defense world, but in recent years, the issue has taken on another dimension. With an increase in the means of exchange and communication, the data transmission security has been seriously challenged. Once highly compartmentalized, defense systems are changing and must increasingly interface with each other to improve information richness, collaboration and command decision-making.
Emerging technologies in defense: what is transforming the field?
New technologies such as Internet of things (IoT), artificial intelligence and digital applications are redefining the scope of cybersecurity by expanding the vulnerable surfaces and angles of attack. Almost always connected, critical embedded systems are now undoubtedly part of this. However, each of them should be dealt with separately.
With the corresponding rise in cyber threats and the need for intra and inter-system collaboration, the challenge is to find the optimum compromise between security, performance and operational availability. In the same way that too much armor can be disabling and counterproductive, too much security can render any system inoperable and unusable.
Under these conditions, how can we guarantee the security of data exchanged in the age of combat and collaborative systems? How can we guarantee the required confidentiality, integrity and availability (the three pillars of information security) while meeting the specific constraints of critical defense platform environments?
Developing secure embedded systems
The news never fails to remind us that cyber risks are evolving at a prodigious speed. As a result, it seems impossible to determine all the security requirements at the specification stage. How can we anticipate the threats that could affect these long-lived systems, which may be designed as much as a decade before they are put into operation?
Security maintenance clauses are now becoming widespread, in the same way that it is customary to provide contracts for operational maintenance. They require the development of systems with the capacity to evolve and adapt to technological and security changes. This raises an important question: When do I integrate security requirements into embedded systems, and should I consider them only when the hardware and software development have been completed?
Considering computing power constraints
At the same time, we must also take into account the rapid evolution of technologies and the performance that embedded systems must produce. For example, in order to meet the current cyber security standards, it is imperative to maintain computing activity throughout the system. This requires higher onboard computing power, which has repercussions on the system, its dimensions and its environment, which is known to be extremely demanding (weight, volume, heat, humidity, etc.).
Also, the SSI requires an implementation of a third-party antivirus, one that has not been developed by the manufacturer of the embedded systems. However, by constantly scanning the onboard system, this antivirus mobilizes computing capacity, affecting the real-time processing of information. Under these conditions, how can we balance computing power with the cybersecurity of embedded systems?
The challenge of availability and interoperability
Finally, the performance and computing power requirements are extremely high today, because combat and collaborative systems are key defense issues to achieve operational superiority in the age of digitalization and information sharing. At the heart of complex systems, embedded solutions must communicate and coexist with different levels of criticality and classification, and with an increasing number of protection devices. Under the weight of these constraints, isn't the security of embedded systems becoming an obstacle to their interoperability and operational availability?
Through a series of three articles, Atos experts will review these important issues and present their vision of how we can develop embedded systems that are empowered to face long-term cyber threats without compromising their operational capabilities.
About Atos Air-Land-Sea electronics
Atos delivers products and solutions to secure intelligence for digital transformation, with extreme trust for our customers. As a system integrator, we ensure mission in critical environments by preserving human life, the availability of systems and ensuring the mission in the field of Marine, Aero & Defense and Land by offering turnkey equipment designer and manufacturer as well as off-the-shelf product manufacturer. Discover our range of air land sea electronics:
Secured computing
Multi-level gateway
Network communication (mobile multifunction platform, mechanical multifunctional calculators)
Onboard Recorder for Data, Audio & Video
Single Boards (Digital Tactical Bus)
Instrumentation and Telemetry
Norbert Di Costanzo
Chief Operating Officer and senior member of the Scientific Community
Norbert is Chief Operating Officer for Atos Air Land Sea electronics solutions since 2012. Norbert is part of the Atos Scientific community specialized in the Advanced Computing and Hard/firmware.
Francis Raguin
Aeronautic project director
Aeronautics Project Manager for Atos' Air Land Sea electronics operations since 2017, Francis is an expert in aeronautics embedded systems project management and DO178/254 development methodology
Interested in next publications?
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Morihiro Hosokawa (細川 護煕 Hosokawa Morihiro, 14 de gener de 1938) és un polític japonés que va exercir com a Primer Ministre des de 1993 a 1994. El seu govern de coalició va ser el primer que no va ser integrat pel Partit Liberal Democràtic des de l'any 1955. Va ser candidat a governador de Tòquio a les eleccions a governador de Tòquio de 2014 com a candidat independent però amb el suport del Partit Democràtic del Japó. Des del 2005 és el cap número 18 del clan Hosokawa, una de les famílies nobles del Japó.

Inicis
Morihiro Hosokawa va nàixer a Tòquio sent el fill gran de Moritatsu, tercer marqués Hosokawa i cap número 16 del clan Hosokawa. El seu avi matern va ser l'ex Primer Ministre Fumimaro Konoe. Com a rebesnet del príncep Kuni Asahiko, Hosokawa també és cosí segon de l'emperador Heisei. També és descendent de la màrtir cristiana Gràcia Hosokawa.

Hosokawa es va graduar en dret a la Universitat Sophia l'any 1961. Després de treballar per cinc anys com a periodista a l'Asahi Shimbun va presentar-se, de manera infructuosa, a les eleccions generals japoneses de 1969. Va ser elegit membre de la Cambra de Consellers del Japó en les files del PLD com a representant de la prefectura de Kumamoto en 1971 en una campanya amb el suport del Primer Ministre Kakuei Tanaka.

Després de romandre dues legislatures a la Dieta Nacional del Japó, va deixar el seu escó l'any 1983 per convertir-se en governador de Kumamoto, càrrec que va ocupar fins a l'any 1991. Durant el seu mandat com a governador, Hosokawa va queixar-se de la poderosa burocràcia del govern central. Hosokawa va seguir una política econòmica agressiva i va enfortir les lleis ambientals. El maig de 1992, els recents casos de corrupció que afectaven el PLD van fer que fundara el Nou Partit del Japó amb el qual es presentà a les eleccions a la Cambra de Consellers del Japó de 1992, on el partit guanyà quatre escons (inclòs el de Hosokawa).

Referències

Primers ministres del Japó
Socioliberals japonesos
Alumnes de la Universitat Sofia de Tòquio
Polítics de Tòquio
Diputats de la Cambra de Consellers del Japó
Naixements del 1938


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Plymouth took notice of how muscle cars began to deviate from their original recipe of cheap thrills. Thus, the Road Runner was created to bring that formula back into perspective. Plymouth paid Warner Brothers $50,000 to use the name and likeness of their Road Runner, as well as its famous "beep beep" horn, which Plymouth paid an additional $10,000 to develop.
So, Plymouth set out to develop a back-to-basics muscle car. Everything essential to performance was upgraded; everything not essential was left out. The Road Runner was based on the Belvedere and early models didn't even have carpet, and just a rubber boot for the floor mount shifter so that a bench seat could be used.
The standard engine was exclusive to the Road Runner and was a 383ci V8 rated at 335 hp and 425 lb-ft of torque. For an extra $714, Plymouth would install a 426 Hemi rated at 425 hp.
In a car that could carry 6 people, it could also really haul! Capable of 13.5 second quarter miles its first year.
Standard transmission was a 4-speed manual and 3-speed TorqueFlite auto was optional. Later in the year, the Inland shifters were replaced with more precise Hurst shifters.
Sales were underestimated at first year run resulted in the Road Runner taking third place amongst muscles cars right behing the GTO and SS 396.
Dodge, after seeing the success of the Road Runner released the Super Bee late in the year.


MOON TWP. -- C.J.�s Salon Spa, 868 Beaver Grade Road in Moon Township, is a full-service hair salon and medical spa.
The salon is open Monday through Saturday. C.J.�s has been in business for 39 years.
Cindy Crivelli is the owner. In addition to cutting and styling hair, she also does permanent makeup. C.J.�s staff offers all services along with skin care and body treatments.
Crivelli said her business is growing every year, always adding new services and updating their look. It is a one-stop shopping destination for her clients� beauty needs. Coming soon are lash extensions and dermalplaning. Appointments with chiropractor Sam Armfields will soon be available.


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The Eastern Herald
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HomePress Release
CGTN: China will continue to contribute to global peace and development in connected world
BEIJING, Dec. 31, 2022 /PRNewswire/ — Noting China is a country closely linked with the world, Chinese President Xi Jinping said that he has not only hosted old and new friends in Beijing, but also traveled abroad to communicate China's propositions to the world over the past year in his 2023 New Year address on Saturday.
The past year has witnessed a friends-gathering Beijing Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games in Spring, bilateral meetings between Xi and foreign leaders of more than 40 countries, and three overseas trips made by Xi before and after the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC) in October.
Nguyen Phu Trong, general secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam Central Committee, became the first foreign leader to visit China since the conclusion of the 20th CPC National Congress. Since then, Xi has held dozens of bilateral meetings with foreign leaders including German Chancellor Olaf Scholz, who was the first leader of a major Western country to visit China after the milestone CPC meeting.
The visits were widely acknowledged to create peaks for head-of-state diplomacy in 2022.
In the past year, China has continued to play its role as a responsible major country in the international arena by enhancing relations with other major countries.
Popular on The Eastern Herald
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From two phone calls to a face-to-face meeting in Bali between Xi and his U.S. counterpart Joe Biden, both leaders agreed to take concrete actions to put China-U.S. relations back on track with steady development.
Besides two personal meetings in Beijing in February and in Samarkand in September, the virtual meeting between Xi and his Russian counterpart Vladimir Putin yesterday showed both countries will continue to strengthen strategic coordination and uphold international justice.
With Xi's attendance at the first China-Arab States Summit and the China-Gulf Cooperation Council in Riyadh, China-Arab states relations also ushered in a new era of all-round and in-depth development.
In the past year, China has also continued to offer its solutions with Chinese wisdom to tackle common challenges confronting the international community.
Xi proposed the Global Security Initiative (GSI) at the Boao Forum for Asia in April 2022 to work with other countries to promote security for all, after putting forward the Global Development Index (GDI) at the general debate of the 76th session of the United Nations General Assembly in September 2021.
To date, more than 70 countries have expressed support for the GSI, and more than 100 countries and a number of international organizations, including the UN, have committed support to the GDI and nearly 70 countries have joined the Group of Friends of the GDI.
Noting that changes unseen in a century are unfolding at a faster pace and the world is not yet a tranquil place, Xi said in the New Year address that China cherishes peace and development and values friends and partners as always.
"We stand firm on the right side of history and on the side of human civilization and progress. We work hard to contribute China's wisdom and solutions to the cause of peace and development for all humanity," he said.
Video – https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f6qVJKA3ClA
View original content:https://www.prnewswire.co.uk/news-releases/cgtn-china-will-continue-to-contribute-to-global-peace-and-development-in-connected-world-301711659.html
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NEW Welcome to a Landmark for Fine Specialty Foods!
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Part of the Trail of Tears, Chieftains Museum/Major Ridge home in Rome, GA, is dedicated to preserving Cherokee and Native American history and culture.
Welkom bij HINDIWOOD.COM, Uw Hindoestaanse portal.
Malaysian Food website is dedicated to the culinary diversity of the multi-ethnic people of Malaysia. With Malay,Indian,Eurasian,Chinese and Nyonya recipes!


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Apple iPhone 6 Plus Vs Samsung Galaxy Note 4: Phablet War Beyond the OS
Updated: Thursday, September 11, 2014, 10:03 [IST]
Apple already launched its most rumored and awaited iPhone 6 yesterday and it surely comes with a massive overhaul and intense re-design. Moreover, it's not just the superficial remodulation in design language, but also in terms of hardware and software revamp.
Recommended: Apple Unveils iPhone 6 with 4.7 inch Display, A8 chip and Improved iSight Camera
The Cupertino giant has also been receiving a lot of accolade because of the new sizes that it has used in the iPhone 6 and iPhone 6 Plus. Moreover, these devices are the first ones coming from the house of Apple with a bigger display. Perhaps, most might call it a bit too 'un-Apple' a path.
Recommended: Top 5 Budget Laptops To Buy in India in September 2014
Also, since Apple iPhones were all smaller in size and were not categorized in a way to compete with other devices in full scale, but with the new bigger and better iPhone 6 and iPhone 6 Plus, it has entered into a cut-throat rivalry against most of the top-tier flagship devices.
Hilariously, to most of the Apple fundamentalists' joy, who might have disliked new design and size of the iPhones, smartphone makers like Nokia and Samsung have already started mocking it. With the recent most troubled iCloud hack, Apple's image as a secured service provider has also been tarnished to an unimaginable extent. Anyways, that could be dissolved with the wave of excitement that the new iPhone 6 and iPhone 6 Plus has brought in the tech industry.
But, since Apple has already made the 5.5-inch big phablet official, it surely makes way into the market to compete with newly launched flagship devices, in particular - the Samsung Galaxy Note 4. Thus, some might think that iPhone 6 Plus is better while others, especially, the Android users might befriend the Galaxy Note 4 with their own claims.
Anyways, today, GizBot has come up with a in-depth comparison between the two devices, which might enlighten you with some of the new features that you might have ignored in the two phones. Lets go ahead.
Apple iPhone 6 In Pictures
The iPhone 6 Plus features a 5.5-inch ( 1920 x 1080 pixels) 16:9 display at 401 ppi pixel density with over 2 million pixels, while the Galaxy Note 4 sports a 5.7 inches Super AMOLED display with a QHD display (1440 x 2560 pixels) and churning out the pixel density of 515ppi.
The iPhone 6 Plus however offers a display technology where every pixel has three subpixels as opposed to the one used in Galaxy Note 4 which features only one sub-pixel. So even with a low-resolution, the image will be really crisp and clear in the new iPhone 6 Plus. Moreover, the iPhone also uses an IPS screen, which is not present in the Galaxy Note 4.
Processor and RAM
The iPhone 6 Plus is powered by the new A8 chip based on 20-nanometer process, has 2 Billion transistors, making it 50 times faster than the original iPhone and better GPU that is 84 times faster than the original iPhone. It is a 64-bit chipset with a Dual Core processor in it which is comparatively lesser than the 4 core Snapdragon 805 used in the Galaxy Note 4.
However, the new A8 chipset has an intense caliber to beat the best of the SoCs that it has been using since it first made iPhone. Again, though it has a lesser 2GB RAM, the iPhone 6 Plus can't be considered any lesser against the Galaxy Note 4's 3GB RAM. However, the advantage of the iPhone 6 Plus here is surely the use of the 64-bit processor which can, in fact, use up to 4GB of RAM.
Android KitKat Vs iOS 8
One of the best thing that Android KitKat offers to a phone is that it is free and open source, which means that anyone can freely use, copy, study, and change the software in any way, and the source code is openly shared so that people are encouraged to voluntarily improve the design of the software. That is something that Apple doesn't allow.
However, there are several upsides and downsides to both the mobile platforms. Both are incredible in their own ways and have their own signature functions. But just to brief you in a concise way, Android KitKat will come with a supports 4K resolution, browser has word wrap, multi-user accessibility, has offline voice recognition, allows app installs on the device's external storage, supports Java and most importantly it is a customizable system. These are all absent in iOS 8.
What is positive in the iOS 8 is the fact that it supports the newest feature the Apple Pay, has a child lock and most importantly, it will get direct updates by OS vendor. Again these are the features that are completely not in the line of any Android smartphones.
Obviously, Samsung offers a better camera with 16 MP sensor offering support for 3456 x 4608 pixels. It is accompanied by optical image stabilization, autofocus and LED flash. At the front, it has a 3.7 MP snapper capable of recording 1080p@30fps video.
On the other hand, iPhone 6 Plus has an 8MP, 3264 x 2448 pixels, optical image stabilization, autofocus, dual-LED (dual tone) flash and a 1.2 MP frontal shooter.
If camera was so big of a concern, than it would be imperative to say that Galaxy Note 4 is the best. It has a wider aperture at minimum focal length and faster photo autofocus due to a phase detection autofocus when shooting pictures.
The Galaxy Note 4 comes with a monstrous battery of 3,220 mAh capacity which is far more larger than the one used in the iPhone 6 Plus. The iPhone 6 Plus is fueled by a 2,915 mAh unit. But the mesmerizing piece of detail comes from Apple which claims that it will offer up to 24 hours of talktime on 3G and standby time of up to 16 days.
But that is yet to be tested and found, anyways. It is needless to talk about the Galaxy Note 4's battery as it is far more potent in terms of capacity itself.
Early verdict about the two phones are pretty hard to offer at the moment, and also because these come from a completely different eco-system and OS background, it becomes even tougher to suggest the odd one out.
Anyways, there are several things that the smartphone users want in their phone like a microSD card slot, and build quality, the convenient size, particular sensors like fingerprint sensor, or even a form factor.
It is needless to say that Apple has taken a flight which is off the tracks, considering Apple's track record. And it has hit the off track at the right juncture where phablet business is sky rocketing.
Including the design which is curvy, the protruded camera, larger display, new sensors might make the new iPhone 6 Plus a comforting treat to the eye and it is surely the most awaited design that fans have been waiting from Apple to see.
However, if a verdict is to be declared in an apt way, the pricing of the iPhone 6 Plus will be the closest determining factor in that case.
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Read More About: apple iphone 6 plus samsung galaxy note 4 smartphone android kitkat ios 8 quad core news whats hot
Story first published: Wednesday, September 10, 2014, 18:47 [IST]
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In 2014, I created the moniker "Yogi Tish" as a way to jumpstart my spiritual coaching business.
I did this because I needed an outlet to share all the things I was learning and my own musings on these teachings. Much in the way Beyoncé created her alter ego, "Sasha Fierce," I created "Yogi Tish" to showcase and focus on a specific part of my being, the spiritual yogi making her way today's world while learning ancient spiritual concepts.
As we venture into 2018, I realize that my spiritual life coaching business is evolving because I am evolving. My daughter, Lyric, has really shown me the importance of embracing all of me and owning my story. If I want her to embrace herself and own her story, I must model this first. Lyric will ultimately learn from my example, not my advice.
So I have decided to rebrand my business and go by the name that Mama Terry gave me. From now on, you'll be dealing with the very fabulous LaTisha Cotto.


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Historical discovery
of Deep Time
Time Geology and the discovery of Deep Time
Timescale Reading list
Timescale home Big History Deep Time Historical discovery of Evolution Geological Timescale
Historical discovery of Deep Time
Geology and the discovery of Deep Time
Timescale Main Page
The Discovery of Deep Time
Premodern concepts of Time
Geology and the discovery of Deep Time - Reading List
Deep time, geology, and paleontology
Frontispiece to Lyell's Principles of Geology (public domain); from Book Drum
Deep time, geology, and paleontology: The following continues with Wikipedia:
In classical antiquity, Aristotle saw that fossil seashells from rocks were similar to those found on the beach and inferred that the fossils were once part of living animals. He reasoned that the positions of land and sea had changed over long periods of time. The 11th-century Persian geologist Avicenna (Ibn Sina) examined various fossils and inferred that they originated from the petrifaction of plants and animals. He also first proposed one of the principles underlying geologic time scales: the law of superposition of strata. Later in the 11th century, the Chinese naturalist, Shen Kuo, also recognized the concept of 'deep time'. Leonardo da Vinci like Aristotle, considered that fossils were the remains of ancient life.
Following the Protestant Reformation, the Genesis creation stories were interpreted as holding that the Earth has existed for only a few thousand years (this is still the position of Young Earth creationism today). Proponents of scientific theories which contradicted scriptural interpretations could not only lose their academic appointments but were legally answerable to charges of heresy and/or blasphemy, charges which, even as late as the 18th century in Great Britain, sometimes resulted in a death sentence.
Early geologists such as Nicolas Steno and Horace-Bénédict de Saussure developed ideas of geological strata forming from water through chemical processes. In the late 17th century. Steno argued that rock layers (or strata) are laid down in succession, and formulated the law of superposition, which states that any given stratum is probably older than those above it and younger than those below it. These insights constituted the foundation of the science of geology
Abraham Gottlob Werner developed into a theory known as Neptunism. The Neptunists, as their name indicates, believed the continents formed through deposition from a vast, primordial super-ocean. It was thought that as this ocean withdrew in stages, successive rock formations were deposited. First came the Primitive or Primary rocks, then the Secondary, than finally the Alluvial or Tertiary. Werner thus was the first to give periods and eras names, of which the Tertiary is still used today.
Neptunism was soon suplanted by Plutonism, the belief that the rocks and continents came about through the outwelling of volcanic material (larva, which hardened into volcanic (igneus) rock). This theory, initiated by the great Scottish geologist James Hutton, who described gradual geological processes operating continuously over deep time, and represented the beginning of modern geology. Hutton's innovative 1785 theory based on visualised an endless process of rocks forming under the sea, being uplifted and tilted, then eroded to form new strata under the sea. In 1788 the sight of Hutton's Unconformity at Siccar Point convinced Playfair and Hall of this extremely slow cycle, and in that same year Hutton memorably wrote "we find no vestige of a beginning, no prospect of an end".
A plate from William Smith's 1816 work Strata Identified by Organized Fossils (Wikipedia (Public domain))
In 1796, Georges Cuvier published his findings on the differences between living elephants and those known from fossils. his analysis identified mammoths and mastodons as distinct species, different from any living animal, and effectively ended a long-running debate over whether the extinction of a species was possible. In the 1790s William Smith began the process of ordering rock strata by examining fossils in the layers while he worked on his geologic map of England. Independently, in 1811, Georges Cuvier and Alexandre Brongniart published an influential study of the geologic history of the region around Paris, based on the stratigraphic succession of rock layers.
The identification of strata by the fossils (a method still used today, and known as biostratigraphy) enabled geologists to divide Earth history more precisely. It also enabled them to correlate strata across national (or even continental) boundaries. If two strata (however distant in space or different in composition) contained the same fossils, chances were good that they had been laid down at the same time. This research helped establish the antiquity of the Earth. Cuvier advocated catastrophism to explain the patterns of extinction and faunal succession revealed by the fossil record.
Diagram of the geologic timescale from an 1861 book by Richard Owen showing the appearance of major animal types (Wikipedia; Public Domain). European geological strata are shown on the left, geological periods and epochs in the middle, and various forms of life on the right. This is essentially the same presentation as we know today, and represents the beginning of a comprehensive account of the history of the Earth and the story of the rise and fall of various dynasties of life, hence the sequence invertebrates, fish (Paleozoic), reptiles (Mesozoic), and birds and mammals (Cenozoic). This replaced biblical theology and six days of creation with a new "creation story", a new cosmological account of the history of the world and the universe. Universal History, the story of humanity, then becomes only a small epoch right at the top. The only thing still missing is an understanding of evolution; the transformation of species, but that came soon
As knowledge progressed, the need arose to formulate a systematic classification of rock strata. Two English geologists, Adam Sedgwick and Roderick Murchison were central in this endevour. Their work was soon taken up by others as well, and there developed during the early 19th century a classification of strata according to the organisms whose fossils were found in them. Over the following decades it took on its present form MAK980528 MAK110419.
The various periods were named after geographical regions were periods were representative stratigraphic sequences could be found. Thus Cambrian is from Cambria, the Roman name for Wales, and the Ordovician, and Silurian periods were named after ancient Welsh tribes. Devonian is from the English county of Devon, and Carboniferous - Coal bearing - is simply a Latin adaptation of "the Coal Measures". The Permian was named by Murchison after the Perm region in Russia (which to this day remains an important locality of middle and late Permian fossil tetrapods). Triassic was coined in 1834 by a German geologist Friedrich Von Alberti because of its three distinct layers —red beds, capped by chalk, followed by black shales— that are found throughout Germany and Northwest Europe, called the 'Trias'. French geologist Alexandre Brogniart named the Jurassic after the extensive marine limestone exposures of the Jura Mountains. The Cretaceous (from Latin creta meaning 'chalk') as a separate period was first defined by Belgian geologist Jean d'Omalius d'Halloy in 1822, using strata in the Paris basin and named for the extensive beds of chalk (calcium carbonate deposited by the shells of marine invertebrates). The famous white cliffs of Dover are representative of these same strata. However, Tertiary and Quaternary were retained from an earlier terminology, reflecting the order of rock strata, although Primary (for Precambrian) and Secondary (for Paleozoic and Mesozoic) were discarded, or applied to the Paleozoic and Mesozoic (see diagram right). The Cenozoic was divided by Lyell into epochs such as Eocene (dawn of the recent), Miocene (less recent), Pliocene (more recent) and so on, depending on the proportion of modern mollusc shells found in these strata.
Date of nomenclature for the phanerozoic geological column. From The Historical Development of the Old-Earth Geological Time-Scale ( Creationist website)
From 1830 to 1833, Charles Lyell published his multi-volume work Principles of Geology, which, building on Hutton's ideas, advocated a uniformitarian alternative to the catastrophic theory of geology. Lyell claimed that, rather than being the products of cataclysmic (and possibly supernatural) events, the geologic features of the Earth are better explained as the result of the same gradual geologic forces observable in the present day, but acting over immensely long periods of time. These ideas would strongly influence evolutionary thinkers such as the young Charles Darwin.
By the 1840s, the outlines of the geologic timescale (right) were becoming clear, and in 1841 John Phillips named three major eras, based on the predominant fauna of each: the Paleozoic, dominated by marine invertebrates and fish, the Mesozoic, the age of reptiles, and the current Cenozoic age of mammals. This progressive picture of the history of life was accepted even by conservative English geologists like Adam Sedgwick and William Buckland; however, like Cuvier, they attributed the progression to repeated catastrophic episodes of extinction followed by new episodes of creation. Unlike Cuvier, Buckland and some other advocates of natural theology among British geologists made efforts to explicitly link the last catastrophic episode proposed by Cuvier to the biblical flood.
Chart illustrating the division of geological time about 1840, with modern equivalents (note taht Precambrian is now rarely used). Important formations are shown in the left-hand column. The major divisions recognized about 1790 are given in the second column; but it should be noted (a) that much more detailed divisions were being applied at this date to particular regions, although correlation between them was uncertain, and (b) that the categories "Transition" and "Primary" have no exact equivalents in later schemes, because they included slightly or highly metamorphosed rocks of many ages (though predominantly of the ages shown). From From Martin J.S. Rudwick, The Meaning of Fossils (Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 1985), p. 213, via Historical Developments in Geology, Paleontology, and Cosmology by Terry Mortenson (Creationist website)
Until the discovery of radioactivity in 1896 and the development of its geological applications through radiometric dating during the first half of the 20th century,) which allowed for more precise absolute dating of rocks, geologists and paleontologists constructed the geologic table based on the relative positions of different strata and fossils, and estimated the time scales based on studying rates of various kinds of weathering, erosion, sedimentation, and lithification. The ages of various rock strata and the age of the Earth were the subject of considerable debate.
The first geologic time scale was eventually published in 1913 by the British geologist Arthur Holmes. He greatly furthered the newly created discipline of geochronology and published the world renowned book The Age of the Earth in which he estimated the Earth's age to be at least 1.6 billion years.
In 1977, the Global Commission on Stratigraphy (now the International Commission on Stratigraphy) started an effort to define global references (Global Boundary Stratotype Sections and Points) for geologic periods and faunal stages. The commission's most recent work is described in the 2004 geologic time scale of Gradstein et al, which has since been further modified (e.g. Walker & Geissman 2009)
Chart showing development of geological timescale in England. Modified from Rudwick (1985) and Gradstein et al. (2004). From The Historical Development of the Old-Earth Geological Time-Scale by Dr. Terry Mortenson (although a Creationist website the first half of the article (the historical review) is quite useful)
Links: History of Geology blog by David Bressan - best on the web; http://www.talkorigins.org/faqs/geohist.html Changing Views of the History of the Earth, very uyseful detailed essay and historical timeline by Richard Harter (1998); Early ideas of the age of the Earth (study notes - Pamela J. W. Gore); Development of the Geologic Time Scale; THE DISCOVERY OF GEOLOGICAL TIME - Religious and philosophical inputs to geochronology - by David J. Tyler - very interesting on-line article; Timeline - chronicles some of the major events in the history of paleontology and biology; History of Geologic Time Scale at UCMP. For various early 20th century geological time charts which include dating estimates that are more than an order of magnitude too small, see Laelaps - The times they are a-changin' by Brian Switek.
content by MAK110418, long quotes from Wikipedia.
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I headed for a road trip to visit Jaipur again! Seriously, I just cannot get enough of this place, infact the whole of Rajasthan. Everytime I go, I think I have seen everything this mysterious land has to offer but then something from somewhere pops up and I simply cannot resist visiting the place again. For New Year's, visit to Jaipur was planned last minute , and I was determined to make it a memorable one. After a lot research, I came up with an interesting itinerary and found three off beat things to do on a visit to Jaipur. Having seen all the forts , shopped at Johari Bazaar a zillion times and eaten the best of food Jaipur has to offer, coming up with this plan was a wee-bit challenging. But then what's an explorer without the challenges of looking beyond the obvious.
It is about 82 Kms from Jaipur by road. The journey from jaipur to sambhar lake is itself an interesting one, so it is a good idea to make a day trip to the place. As one leaves the city behind, one experiences a stark contrast in the landscape. Barren lands, clusters of huts , domestic cattle, a few pucca houses, men gathered in small groups playing cards or just gossiping under a tree, women sitting at their front doors catching up with each other in the afternoon, kids playing out, makes you feel you have done a time wrap. To me it seemed as if I had travelled back in time, but the entire experience brought a certain calm inside me. And an excellent road to Sambhar Lake just added to the wonderful time I had travelling to it.
Birdwatching: A lot migratory birds come to the area-Flamingos, Shovellers, Pintails and many more. If you are lucky you can spot them on your first visit either early morning or during sunset. Otherwise it may take a day or two to spot these beauties ,with a pair of binoculars off course because the area is huge.
Driving around or ON the lake: As the water evaporates the lake is left dry with an unending stark -white surface which is mostly hard, but will have patches of soft mud too. So while driving on the lake in your car can be fun, one can get confused with the directions. To me driving on the lake, seemed being disrespectful to nature , so I preferred walking and exploring which believe me was a better idea, as the place has so much more to offer.
Best Time to visit: During the day- either early morning or during the sunset. That is when you get a spectacular view of the place. November to March are the best months to visit the lake. As the place is still not known to many people, it is well preserved and thankfully not commercial, which means very few eateries along the way. So it is advisable to carry food and water. As it is not a protected area , the access is free.
Bollywood Connection: PK -the alien ship landing, Aamir Khan's railway track poster, Highway – Alia Bhatt's kidnapping scenes were all shot here.
Other than being known as one of the first cities in the world, to embrace urban planning and civil engineering, early on ( I'm talking 1727 , ya that early), tourist come to Jaipur for its rich heritage of art and culture. Be it bright colourful designs and patterns on fabric, intricate marble deigns or beautiful stone and silver jewellery ,Jaipur stands tall as the center of traditional craftsmanship in the country.
Talking about designs & patterns , Jaipur has successfully managed to keep the traditional art of block printing alive in the modern age. Two prominent style persist -Sanganeri & Bagru. Both get their names from the place of their origin.
Sanganer is a small town situated 16 kms south of Jaipur , which is mainly known for its block printed fabric. However, the place is also known to produce high-end handmade paper and related products which are mostly exported, world over.
Sanganer has a lot of local factories and workshops that produce high quality handmade paper. One can visit one of these factories to see how these bright and glossy handmade papers are manufactured.
One of the best places to witness the whole process is Kagzai Industries. To me it was an eye-opener. Never could have I imagined that the clothes we discard are recycled to produce beautiful paper products. Some of the top luxury brands in the world are being catered to by them. Infact most of the factories in Sanganer have an impressive client list to boost of.
From old discarded clothes to bright and colourful gift wrappers, boxes, carry bags, stationary and many more.
At the Kagzi industry factory and to the right is one of the block printing workshop and stores.
Jaipur's forts are the best way to learn about the political and cultural history of Jaipur and Amber Fort happens to be the grandest of them all. Now there are two ways to go about it . One, visiting the fort during the day time and be awe-inspired by its grandeur and architecture. Seesh Mahal Or the mirror palace for example , will leave you spell-bound. The second way is to book a ticket to the lesser known Light & Sound show during the evening. If it is a full moon night, the roof top setting of the show makes for a perfect romantic set-up. It is the experience that counts and surprisingly majority of the tourists are not aware of the show, and hence it made it to our top 3 offbeat things to do in Jaipur.
The show narrates the story of Amber and how later Jaipur came into prominence. The dramatic backdrop of Amber fort combined with light effects and music, transports the audience into the world of Ranas and Maharajas.
Jaipur is on our wishlist…hope to do it someday….you have some beautiful pictures here..also nice to see a detailed post 🙂 and girl, you look wow !
Glad you liked the post. Hope you get to visit Jaipur soon.


"We would like to encourage members to bring non-member guests and invite friends who may be interested in the talk - If you would like to reserve a place for the meeting please text: 079103 77603 or Email: Karen Wilson on fhtsheffield@btinternet.com or just come along. It would be nice to know the numbers beforehand so we would prefer to hear from you first but it is not necessary" Please contact Karen for the entry cost for this talk and the details of other talks to be held at St. Andrew's which commence from 11th March 2011.
7.15 pm until 9.15 pm.
St. Andrew\'s Hall, Sheffield - choice of venue for Sheffield Support Group meetings on the second Friday of every month.


Who's Life Will You Save Today?
Sudden Cardiac Arrest (SCA) is one of the leading causes of preventable deaths. It can strike anyone, anywhere, anytime. A man in the restaurant next door. A woman across the mall. You're CPR-trained and glad to help in an emergency. If only you knew about it. Now you will. And it might save someone's life. The PulsePoint app alerts CPR- trained bystanders, like you, to a cardiac emergency in your immediate vicinity. You'll receive the alert at the same time as professional responders - but you might be closer to the victim. PulsePoint directs you to the exact location of the emergency, as well as the closest Automated External Defibrillator (AED). So you can get to the scene and start CPR in the critical lifesaving minutes before EMS teams arrive. Download the PulsePoint app today and get started. Your next rescue could be right around the corner.
By downloading these two apps you will be equipped with tools to help you save a life and assist others in finding public access Automatic External Defibrillators.
PulsePoint Respond empowers everyday citizens to provide life‐saving assistance to victims of sudden cardiac arrest. Application users who have indicated they are trained in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and willing to assist in case of an emergency can now be notified if someone nearby is having a cardiac emergency and may require CPR. If the cardiac emergency is in a public place, the location-aware application will alert trained citizens in the vicinity of the need for bystander CPR simultaneous with the dispatch of advanced medical care. The application also directs these citizen rescuers to the exact location of the closest publicly accessible Automated External Defibrillator (AED).
Watch these brief video to see how PulsePoint works.


Taking 10 minutes out of a woman's day could save her life. That woman could be your mother, wife, daughter, niece, auntie, nana – or it could be you.
Ten minutes is the time it takes to have a cervical screening (smear) test to detect abnormal cells in a woman's cervix that could lead to cervical cancer.
This month is cervical Screening Awareness Month and a reminder for all women who have been sexually active to have their cervical smear.
Every year 160 New Zealand women develop cervical cancer, with 50 dying from it. And yet it is one of the most preventable forms of cancer – as long as the cell changes that cause it are detected early.
Cervical cancer refers to the abnormal, uncontrolled growth of cells in the cervix, the lower part of the uterus (womb). It usually develops very slowly, with the first signs showing up as 'abnormal' cells, which can then take more than 10 years to develop into cancer.
Te Korowai Hauora o Hauraki Poukura Hauora - Clinical Services Manager - Taima Campbell says women and their whānau should make cervical screening a priority.
"Abnormal cell changes might not show any symptoms until they become cancerous, which is why early detection through screening and follow-up treatment is important," she says.
Treatment can be as simple as removing the affected tissue.
Many women are embarrassed or whakāma about having a cervical smear test and Taima says the clinic's female nurses will do everything they can to make sure a woman feels comfortable during the short procedure.
Without screening, about 1 in 90 women will develop cervical cancer, with 1 out of 200 dying from it, whereas with screening, 1 out of 570 women will develop cervical cancer, with 1 out of 1280 dying from it.
Three-yearly cervical smear tests are recommended for all women aged 20 to 70 who have ever been sexually active.


Financial management is something that everyone must do, but not everyone does it effectively. You have to manage your finances to be able to pay your expenses as well as make and meet financial goals for the future. When it comes to financial management, people generally fall into one of two financial management styles, with slight overlapping in certain situations. The type of financial management style you adopt will depend largely on your personal preferences, but if you find that your style is not working in a particular situation, it could be beneficial to adopt elements of the other style.
People that like to micromanage their finances attend to every little detail of their finances personally. They keep track of every penny that is going into and out of their bank account and regularly check their accounts to determine their balances and review their transactions for mistakes. People that tend to micromanage their finances spend a significant amount of time on their financial tasks each month, but generally have the tasks broken down into daily and weekly actions so they are not spending a long stretch of time on the tasks. The people that choose to micromanage their finances often find it soothing because it reassures them that they are on the right track with their finances.
The people that automate their finances want to get their financial tasks done with the least amount of effort so that they can focus on other things. They may not like to do financial tasks or may not feel comfortable with their level of expertise in handling financial tasks, so they let software programs do it for them. Online banking has made it very easy for people to automate various financial tasks, including paying bills and making deposits into savings accounts. After taking the time to set up the automatic transactions, the person will need to check their accounts several times a month for a few minutes to make sure that everything is still progressing according to plan.
Most people adopt a little bit of both financial management styles to manage their finances effectively. In my case, I micromanage my spending and my checking account while automating my savings and retirement accounts. Automating my savings ensures that the transactions get done in a timely manner and I eliminate the chances that I will spend the money on other things just because it is in my checking account. I also like to know where I stand on spending money available in my checking account because every so often I like to surprise my son with something special for doing everything that I ask of him and the best chances are often unexpected. There is no right or wrong answer as to which method you choose, as long as it helps you keep your finances in check.


Over the years, Ivy League Financial Advisors has had the great opportunity to work with a variety of news outlets, both regional and national, in discussing various financial planning topics.
We have always viewed working with the press as a way to better educate and inform the general public as to the importance of proper financial planning. We believe that an educated consumer is a better consumer.
It is for this reason that Ivy League keeps positive professional relationships with local, regional and national financial reporters and news outlets, to bring a wider understanding of financial matters to the general public.
Please check out some of our past news articles and appearances and check back often for updated clips.


Tinkering around with all of my favourite things and this came out of the freezer!
Just the easiest, most decadent treat of all time. No baking, no fussing just melt and tip. And lick your lips it's a goodie!
Melt everything, bar the cranberries and buckwheat in a small saucepan whisking to combine.
Pour into a lined 8″ x 6″ tray. Sprinkle over the cranberries and the buckwheat groats and freeze.
Slice into small 1″ squares and eat immediately. They keep for up to a month in the freezer, and should live there until serving. They melt at room temp.


See how one developer integrates a variety of tools to get a microservice working to aggregate news feeds.
JEE6, Postgres, Squid Server, Glassfish running on a single Slicehosts VM.
Spring, MySQL, Tomcat running on OpenStack.
Spring, Tomcat running on Amazon EC2, MySQL running on Amazon RDS.
Spring, Tomcat running on Amazon Elastic Beanstalk, Postgres running on Amazon RDS (my current setup).
The driving force between each iteration has largely been to make it simpler and more robust. As I've come to realise with spare time projects, less is more. They work best as the kind of things I can dip into when I have a few days/weeks to spare, and then leave untouched for prolonged periods of time (while real life gets in the way). All time is precious, and the more time it takes to get environments configured, and get my head back into the code — the less time I have to actually to the interesting stuff.
While I'm not working on it — I don't want to be overly distracted by it. I need it to run efficiently and quietly without needed any interventions by myself.
In years gone by — I'd occasionally get notifications of servers going down (usually memory/disk space) issues — and have to jump in, roll up the sleeves and get it all working again. Since moving to Elastic Beanstalk (and generally upgrading the app code) over the last couple of years — it's been completely hands off for me. The server keeps discovering and making available new news items, cleaning up and pruning old ones and Amazons infrastructure takes care of the rest — happy days!
So, it's working well, but, well, technology moves on and you've got to keep up with it. Also, I need to start adding new functionality, and it's always more enjoyable to discover and play with the latest developments.
My main drivers are being able to pick up and work with the codebase easier. From cold, get everything up and running on my local dev environment ASAP and with minimal fuss (I like to rebuild my iMac every now and again, so I like to have an easily recreated, lightweight and transparent dev environment).
On the back of this then, there are two changes I want to make (which I'm already sold on both from previous dabbles).
The first is Spring Boot, my Spring setup is pretty lean as it is, I use Spring extensively (Spring Data, Spring MVC, Scheduling, etc.), and I've mostly moved to Java config, but there are a few XML config stragglers still lying around. Up until now, I've been building the usual WAR and deploying it to Tomcat/Jetty. Converting to Spring Boot is an opportunity to streamline this even more — get rid of XML config completely and making the existing code even more lean with the auto config options available.
The second is the use of Docker. After a machine rebuild a while ago, I had to go through the motions of getting Postgres installed again — and it just all felt a bit clunky and brittle. I had a look at other options and had a play with running a Docker Postgres image through Kinematic. It was a breeze — nice, simple and self-contained. Feel free to check out my full post here.
Embedded server — self-contained in the application.
Most REST Spring Boot examples use Spring MVC for web service endpoints. My existing project had traditionally used JAX-RS (since the JEE days).
I had some dependencies on Jersey specific libraries — for generating JSONP (JSON with padding) — for some historical reason with my web site access. I need to revisit the reasons for this after my planned web site updates, but for now, I'd prefer to keep as-is, so JAX-RS is prerequisite.
Seems to be becoming an industry standard (check out my review of last years JAXLondon Java Conference, where Docker was one of the hot topics.
Also, I'm still figuring this one out, so this is all part of the learning experience for me for now.
I hit a few issues while converting my existing application. I got over most of them, but I had a couple of lingering ones.
So this application is going to be a simple "Hello World" Spring Boot app using JAX-RS/Jersey, containerised with Docker, running on OSX.
Java IDE (I used IntelliJ for this — I usually use Eclipse — but I'm trying to get more familiar with IntelliJ now).
Check out the app from GitHub.
Open in your IDE (in my example it is IntelliJ, but it's similar in Eclipse).
Run com.cor.Application. This will run the Spring Boot application like in the screen shot below.
Cool, so now we have a working Spring Boot app that is exposing a REST service using JAX-RS/Jersey.
We now need to convert our Spring Boot app to a Docker container and deploy it to our local Docker server.
Set up the necessary environment variables above.
Execute the run configuration above to run mvn package docker:build.
This will show that your Spring Boot app has been built and deployed to your local Docker.
This will start the container.
If you open Kinematic at this point you can see the container starting up.
If you click on Settings .. Ports in Kinematic, you can see what IP/Port it has been made available on, in this case: http://192.168.99.100:32770.
If you point your browser at that address, you can now access your Spring Boot app running inside Docker.
This is already pretty well documented here (and elsewhere): http://projects.spring.io/spring-boot/.
Everything in the Dockerfile can be configured in the docker-maven-plugin if needed, but I preferred to use a Dockerfile to get more familiar with the native settings and syntax.
And that's basically that. It's very simple to set up once you know what needs to be done (had a few issues to overcome along the way, which was why I thought it was worth sharing).
The next step would be to replace my Amazon Tomcat Elastic Beanstalk deployment with a Docker one. I started looking into this, and it looks like I need to deploy my container to Docker Hub (or similar), then I can reference it from there the Elastic Beanstalk setup.
That will have to wait for a follow up article though..
Published at DZone with permission of Adrian Milne , DZone MVB. See the original article here.


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It's been eight long years, but I'm coming back to Adelaide Cabaret Festival - this time with my big, silly award-winning, 5 star (ArtsHub) Cold War 80s sing along show.
Join me for a crash course in the foggy world of apocalyptic 1980s Cold War pop music excess in an interactive show like no other. Sing along to songs from Spandau Ballet, Ultravox and Bonnie Tyler, and celebrate the most wonderfully intense, moody, and pretentious hits of the era.
Grab your shades and pop your trenchcoat's collar; you have a date with glamour.


text:
Q: Use Fubini to prove that $\int_a^{x_0}\phi'(x)\left(\int_x^{x_0}u'(t)dt\right) dx = \int_a^{x_0}u'(t)\left(\int_a^{t}\phi'(x)dx\right) dt$ Let $u \in W^{1,p}(\mathbb{R})$ and $\phi \in C^\infty(\mathbb{R})$ with compact support contained in $[a,b]$ and let $x_0 \in [a,b]$. How can I prove that the following holds
$$\int_a^{x_0}\phi'(x)\left(\int_x^{x_0}u'(t)dt\right) dx = \int_a^{x_0}u'(t)\left(\int_a^{t}\phi'(x)dx\right) dt$$
using Fubini's theorem?
I need to use Fubini theorem. This is part of the proof of Lemma 8.2 in Brezis' functional analysis book, where this statement is used to prove that the weak derivative of $$v(x) = \int_{y_0}^x g(t)dt$$ is $g$.

A: The left-hand side is an integral of $u'(t)\phi'(x)$ over the region corresponding to $x\leq t\leq x_0$, $a\leq x\leq x_0$. We can rewrite these inequalities instead as $a\leq x\leq t$, $a\leq t\leq x_0$ (it should be easy to check that these are the same region). This gives us the bounds of the integral on the right-hand side.

A: The point is that
$$\chi_{[x,x_0]}(t) = \chi_{[a,t]}(x), \quad a \leq x \leq t \leq x_0.$$
It might help to draw a picture of the region in the $tx$-plane. Can you see that both of these functions are identically $1$ in this region?

A: So I'll do what I suggested in the comments, rewriting the indicator functions.
$$ \int_a^{x_0} \phi'(t) \left( \int_x^{x_0} u'(t) dt \right) dx = \int \int \mathbb{1}_{[a,x_0]}(x) \mathbb{1}_{[x,x_0]}(t) \phi'(x) u'(t) dt dx  $$
Analyze the product of the indicator functions:
$ \mathbb{1}_{[a,x_0]}(x) \mathbb{1}_{[x,x_0]}(t) = 1 $ if $ a \leq x \leq x_0 $ and $ x \leq t \leq x_0 $ and 0 elsewhere.
Equivalently,
$ \mathbb{1}_{[a,x_0]}(x) \mathbb{1}_{[x,x_0]}(t) = 1 $ if $ a \leq x \leq t \leq x_0 $ and $0$ elsewhere.
Check the other product:
$ \mathbb{1}_{[a,t]}(x) \mathbb{1}_{[a,x_0]}(t)  = 1 $ if $a \leq x \leq t \leq x_0 $ and $0$ elsewhere.
So they in fact are the same function (just a rewriting of the indicator functions, now substitute and apply Fubini:
$$ \int_a^{x_0} \phi'(t) \left( \int_x^{x_0} u'(t) dt \right) dx = \int \int \mathbb{1}_{[a,t]}(x) \mathbb{1}_{[a,x_0]}(t) \phi'(x) u'(t) dx dt = \int_a^{x_0}  u'(t) \left( \int_a^t \phi'(x) dx \right) dt   $$
Hope I didn't make dumb mistakes.


In California if you Obstruct a Prescriptive Easement, the Court can Require You to Remove the Obstruction, Even if it is a Commercial Building.
A prescriptive easement is a right established in someone else's property by using that property in a consistent way over a period of at lease five years. The easement holder starts out as a trespasser, If the true owner does not take action to stop the trespass, or establish that the use is permitted, they lose. A real estate Professor has pointed out that 'historically, prescription has had the theoretical basis of a lost grant of property. Its continued use has been justified because of its functional utility in helping to cause prompt termination of controversies before the possible loss of evidence and in stabilizing long continued property uses.' (Powell, The Law of Real Property). Sacramento real estate attorneys often see the lawsuit to establish a prescriptive easement instigated when the owner of the property blocks the prescriptive use, by building a fence, installing a locked gate, or the like. If the easement is established, the court can require the property owner to move the obstruction. But to what extent? The California Supreme Court made it clear – when the obstructor builds knowing of the claim of an easement, with litigation ongoing, the court need not show mercy – in one case, they required removal of a commercial warehouse.
In Ernest E. Warsaw v. Chicago Metallic Ceilings, Inc., the plaintiff built a large commercial building with the loading docks on the north side of the building. There was room for a forty foot driveway along that Northern boundary of the parcel, but forty feet was never enough room for big trucks to turn and back in to the loading docks. They always encroached on the adjoining property. The defendant's adjacent parcel to the North had been vacant land all this time. The parties had in the past discussed creating a granted easement, but nothing came of it. After more than seven years had passed, the defendant decided to build on the southern portion of its property. They graded a pad that blocked the plaintiff's use of the area, and the plaintiff filed this lawsuit.
1. Was a prescriptive easement created?
2. Could the defendant be required to remove the building?
3. Was the defendant entitled to be paid any money?
The party claiming a prescriptive easement must show use of the property which has been open, notorious, continuous and adverse for an uninterrupted period of five years. Here, the truckers using the neighboring property followed a definite course and pattern, and while no two truck drivers followed the exact course … the deviation taken by various drivers over the seven-year period was only slight.
A court of equity may issue a mandatory injunction for protection and preservation of an easement including, where appropriate, an order for removal of an obstruction already erected; even if the cost of removal is great under certain circumstances, especially if the encroaching structure was willfully erected with knowledge of the claimed easement. Where, by innocent mistake or oversight, buildings erected slightly encroach, the damage to the owner of the buildings by their removal would be greatly disproportionate to the injury, so the court might not order their removal However, where the defendant acted with a full knowledge of the complainant's rights and with an understanding of the consequences which might ensue, courts will not deny relief on the ground that the loss caused by it will be disproportionate to the good accomplished. Here, construction of the building was not started until the lawsuit had begun. It was completed before the trial. The defendants rolled the dice, assuming that they would win but they lost.
The defendant argued that, in equity, the court should grant compensation for the fair market value of the easement, or alternatively share the cost of removing or restructuring the building. The court said no. Civil Code section 1007, enacted in 1872, provides that 'Occupancy for the period prescribed by the Code of Civil Procedure as sufficient to bar any action for the recovery of the property confers a title thereto, denominated a title by prescription, which is sufficient against all ….' Here, on finding the creation of the easement, the plaintiff has title. There are no grounds for requiring compensation. The court looked at the history of prescriptive rights, and its functional utility in helping to cause prompt termination of controversies before the possible loss of evidence and in stabilizing long continued property uses. With this as its aim, there are no grounds for compensation the defendant for damages.
It is a little surprising that the court made the defendant tear out its commercial building, but I think the court was influenced by the chutzpah of the defendant, who constructed the building while the lawsuit was ongoing. Screw you, the defendant was saying, but he was forced to eat his words.


text:
El Tsukumogami és el nom que se li dona a les ànimes que habiten en objectes antics (normalment objectes bruts i trencats) segons les creences japoneses.

Vegeu també
 Yokai

Enllaços externs

 http://ddb.libnet.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp/exhibit-e/otogi/tsukumo/tsukumo.html

Yōkai