text:
\section{Introduction}
Traffic dynamics of the time-varying networks has attracted the attention of a large number of researchers in recent years \cite{danila2007,xue2010,chen2018}. The ever-growing demand for the network resources has ineluctably led to traffic congestion in many real-life networks such as communication, transportation and so on. Most of the network structures are evolving and scale-free in nature where hubs and small degree nodes coexist. Congestion usually initiates from these hubs and then gradually propagates in the whole network. Here, we propose some efficient rewiring strategies to maximize the traffic capacity of the hub nodes and the network performance as well.

The structure of the network has great impact on the traffic capacity, especially the communication network in the era of bursty traffic generation. Therefore, the research of the enhancement of the network capacity is vital to us and has been studied extensively. The network capacity can be improved either by implementing various routing strategies \cite{yan2006,danila2007} or by optimizing the underlying network structure \cite{xue2010,chen2018}. Implementation of optimal routing strategies is comparatively easier and incurs a low cost. However, finding of a global optimal route is an NP-complete problem \cite{bui}. Although network restructuring incurs more cost, the effect of varying network structure on the traffic capacity and the load at the network is essential for the study of traffic dynamics on complex networks.

Network structure may be optimized by redistributing the traffic of heavily loaded \cite{kumari2017}, removing some congested nodes or links \cite{jiang2014}, adding some network resources \cite{huang2010} and so on. In real networks, the resources such as capacity, queue size are finite. Addition of new resources incur cost hence, rewiring strategies may be more suitable to improve network capacity. Rewiring strategies depend on numerous network parameters such as degree, centrality, queue length etc. Jiang \textit{et al.} \cite{jiang2014} improved the network capacity by removing the connection between two nodes with the maximum sum of the degree together with betweenness centrality (BC) and by adding a connection between two unconnected nodes with the minimum sum of the degree in addition to BC. Alweimine \textit{et al.} \cite{alweimine} prioritized the packets according to the destination node and found that the prioritization of nodes with hubs is always more efficient than the prioritization of nodes with a small degree or a random prioritization. Ma \textit{et al.} \cite{ma} worked on a two-layer network model and proposed a delivery capacity allocation strategy based on the degree distributions of both the layers.  Jiang \textit{et al.} \cite{jiang2013optimal}, assigned capacity dynamically to each link proportional to the queue length of the link. Larger delivery capacities can be assigned to the hub nodes and a tunable parameter is introduced to optimize network capacity.

All the above researchers considered degree and centrality as the network parameters for rewiring and removal of links and nodes as well. Assortativity (or disassortativity) is another network parameter which measures the tendency of a node to connect with other node having similar (or dissimilar) attributes, such as the degree. It can also be used to enhance traffic capacity based on similarity or dissimilarity of an individual node. Fronczak \cite{fronczak} discussed the effect of assortativity on the properties of transport in complex networks and calculated critical packet generation rate $ \lambda_c $ in traffic based on routing strategy with local information. Xue \textit{et al.}\cite{xue2010} tuned the transport efficiency on scale-free networks through the disassortative or assortative topology. Chen \textit{et al.}\cite{chen2018} rewired the link against traffic congestion and proved that the network should have a core-periphery structure and disassortative in nature.

Networks can be represented and analyzed by using local, global and intermediate (meso) level perspectives. Degree and assortativity (or disassortativity) are calculated on local level. Centrality measures such as BC, closeness centrality (CC) etc. are computed globally.  In the meso level, we focus on a group of nodes instead of focusing on an individual node or the whole in the network. With the help of intermediate level parameters, we may discover some important features those are not covered either at local level or global level (e.g., summary states of algorithmic identification).  Core-periphery structure \cite{rombach} is a kind of meso level representation in which some nodes constitute a densely connected core and some make up the sparsely connected periphery. Apart from all these parameters, rich club phenomenon is also a network parameter and its presence increases the load and congestion on the link between two hubs. Inspired by the importance of all these parameters, we have considered all the perspectives for the restructuring and performance measurement (in terms of traffic capacity) of the network. The key contributions of the proposed work are as follows. (i) Generate the optimal network structure for maximizing the network capacity using various rewiring strategies in scale-free networks. (ii) Provide a traffic flow model to estimate actual number of packets in the network. (iii) Analyze the networks by studying several local and global network parameters, e.g., maximum betweenness centrality, clustering coefficient, average path length (APL), assortativity, rich-club phenomenon, core-periphery structure. (iv) Establish a relationship between the network parameters and the traffic performance of the network by fixing its degree distribution.

Section 2 provides some basic definitions of various parameters. In Section 3, some rewiring strategies are described. Section 4 discusses about the traffic flow models. Section 5 presents the simulation results, and in the last section, conclusions and future research plan are discussed.
\section{Definitions}
\hspace{-0.65 cm} \textbf{Centrality measures}\\
\smallskip
\textit{Betweenness centrality (BC)} is used to measure the extent to which a node lies on shortest paths between other node pairs. Betweenness centrality, $ g(v) $of a node $ v $ is equal to the number of shortest paths from all node pairs pass through that
node $ v $ and is given by $ \sum_{s \neq v \neq d} \frac{\sigma_{s \rightarrow d}(v)}{\sigma_{s \rightarrow d}} $, where $ \sigma_{s \rightarrow d} $ is the total number of shortest paths from node $ s $ to node $ d $ and $ \sigma_{s \rightarrow d}(v) $ is the number of those paths that pass through node $ v $.  \textit{Closeness centrality (CC)} of a node $ u $ is the reciprocal of sum of the shortest path distances from all other nodes $ V\setminus u $ to $ u $ within the network and it is normalized by the sum of all possible short distance i.e., $
\mathcal{C}(u) = \frac{N-1}{\sum_{v\neq u \in V} d(v, u)} $
where, $ d(v,u) $ is the shortest path distance between $ v $ and $ u $ and $ N $ is the total number of nodes  and $ V $ is the set of nodes in the network. \textit{Eigenvector centrality (EC)} is used to find impact of one node to others. EC of node $ i $, $ \hat{x}(i) = \frac{1}{\kappa} \sum_{j \in V} A_{i,j} \hat{x}(j) $. $ \kappa $ is a constant value, $ A $ is the adjacency matrix and the value of $ A_{i,j} = 1 $ if there is a link between the node $ i $ and the node $ j $, else it is $ 0 $.

\smallskip
\hspace{-0.5 cm}\textbf{Degree-degree correlation}\\
Degree-degree correlation (DDC) exhibits the relationship between the degrees of each pair of nodes that connect with each other. Let $ p_k $ is the probability of a randomly chosen node having degree $ k $. After reaching a node $ i $, the degree distribution of the reached node is called as excess degree distribution; $ q_k = \frac{(k+1) p_{k+1}}{\langle k \rangle} $. The value of network's correlation coefficient, $ r_{deg} $ can be written in the form of correlation function as $ r_{deg} = \langle jk \rangle- \langle j \rangle \langle k \rangle = \sum_{jk} jk(p_{e_{jk}}-q_jq_k) $. Here, $ p_{e_{jk}} $  is the joint degree distribution of a randomly chosen link, $ e_{jk} $ of the two nodes at either end of the link and $ \langle k \rangle $ is average degree of the network. The normalized value of correlation coefficient, $ r_{deg} $ is defined as \cite{newmanassortative},
\begin{equation}
r_{deg} = \frac{1}{\sigma (q)^2} \sum_{j,k} jk\{ p_{e_{j,k}}- q_jq_k \}. \label{e1}
\end{equation}
Here, $ \sigma (q)^2 = \sum_k k^2 q_k - {[\sum_k k q_k]}^2 \mbox{ and } -1 \leq r_{deg} \leq 1 $. The value of $ r_{deg} $ is positive (or negative) for assortative (or disassortative) network while zero for uncorrelated networks. DDC between two nodes $i $ and $ j $ can be defined as  $ r_{deg}(i,j) = \frac{cov(i,j) } { \sqrt{ cov(i,i) * cov(j,j) } } $, where, $ cov $ is the covariance matrix.

\smallskip
\hspace{-0.5 cm}\textbf{Core periphery architecture}\\
The core-periphery structure can be formed with $ k $-core decomposition, a method aimed to partitioned a network in layers from the external to the central ones \cite{rombach}. A $ k $-core of the graph $ G $ is a maximal connected subgraph in which all nodes have the degree at least $ k $. Let $ G = (V, E) $ is a network with $ V $ set of nodes and $ E $ set of links. A subset $ H = (W, L|W) $ is a maximum subgraph where, set $ W $ is a core of order $ k $ if and only if the nodes belong to set $ W $ have the degree $ k $ in the subgraph $ H $ i.e., $ \forall n \in W : k_n^H \geq k $. The core of maximum order is also called the innermost or main core. The core number assigned to a node $ n $ is the highest order of a core that contains this node. Cores are nested according to degree i.e., if the degree of a node $ i $ is less than the degree of a node $ j $ then the subgraph $ H $ containing $ j $ will be subset of the subgraph $ H $ containing $ i $ ($ i < j \Rightarrow H_j \subseteq H_i $) \cite{core}. The $ k $-core decomposition of a European airline is shown in Fig. \ref{f1}. The identification of the nodes in the $ k $-core is very helpful to find congestion in the network.

\smallskip
\hspace{-0.5 cm}\textbf{Rich club phenomenon}\\
Rich club phenomenon is characterized when the hubs are on average more intensely interconnected than the nodes with smaller degrees., rich club as a function of degree $ k $ is defined as $ \Phi(k) = \frac{2E_{>k}}{N_{>k}(N_{>k}-1)} $ where, $ N_{>k} $ is the number of nodes with degree greater than $ k $, and  $ E_{>k} $ is the number of links connecting the $N_{>k} $ nodes. A sample network with and without rich club is shown in Figure \ref{f2}.
\begin{figure}[h]
\centering
\begin{minipage}[b]{0.45\linewidth}
\centering
$\begin{array}{cc}
\includegraphics[width=0.45\linewidth, height=0.15\textheight]{euair_without_color.png} &
\includegraphics[width=0.45\linewidth, height=0.15\textheight]{euair_color.png}\\
\mbox{(a) Original Network} & \mbox{(b) } k\mbox{-core architecture}
\end{array}$
\caption{Visualization of the core-periphery structure of a European airline network ($ N =106 $). The network has several layers of cores and a small dense innermost core. Best viewed in the various color schemes. Red, blue, green, yellow, pink and brown color represent subnetwork with $ 1 $-core, $ 2 $-core, $ 3 $-core and $4$-core, $ 5 $-core and $ 6 $-core respectively.}
\label{f1}
\end{minipage}
\hspace{0.15cm}
\begin{minipage}[b]{0.45\linewidth}
$\begin{array}{cc}
\includegraphics[width=0.45\linewidth, height=0.15\textheight]{RCW-eps-converted-to.pdf}&
\includegraphics[width=0.45\linewidth, height=0.15\textheight]{RC1-eps-converted-to.pdf}\\
\mbox{(a)} & \mbox{(b)}\\
\end{array}$
\caption{(a) A network composed of weakly interconnected hub nodes (green) and (b) Hub nodes now form a densely interconnected rich club (nodes in red), consisting of $ 5 $ nodes with a degree of $ 4 $ or higher.}
\label{f2}
\end{minipage}
\end{figure}

\section{Proposed Rewiring Strategies} \label{Sec3}
There are various local, global and intermediate level network properties that affect the structure of the networks. In rewiring process, a link is removed from one end and simultaneously that end will be added to the other node in the network. The rewiring process may be done randomly or by using some heuristics. Here, in this paper, the removal of the link is random but, addition of the link after rewiring process is based on some strategies. The parameters for rewiring are considered as degree, disassortativity, centrality measures, and core periphery architecture. The degree may be used for preferential attachment (PA) in the network. The probability $ \Pi_i $ that a node $ i $ will be selected through PA is defined as $ \Pi_i  = \frac{k_i}{\sum_j k_j}$. In a disassortative network, connection among hubs (or small degree nodes) are avoided, but, prefer the connection between hubs and lower degree nodes. Centrality measures are very helpful to find central and congested nodes in the network especially betweenness centrality (BC), closeness centrality (CC) and Eigenvector centrality (EC). The core periphery (CP) architecture helps to find central node in terms of degree and distance. The CP architecture can also be formed using the nodes which are part of $ k $-core and having maximum CC. By considering the importance of the above parameters, various rewiring strategies can be defined as follows.
\subsection{Disassortativity and Preferential Attachment (DPA) based rewiring strategy}
Disassortativity and preferential attachment (PA) are local parameters. In PA, a node $ j $ connects with another node $ i $ with probability $ \Pi_i $ in the existing network. In the rewiring strategy, the link $ e_{ij} $ between nodes $ i $ and $ j $ is removed if the node $ i $ shows assortativeness $ 0 < r_{deg}(i,j) \leq 1 $ with node $ j $. The first node, $ i $  will establish a new connection with node $ v $ by preferring the higher degree of the node $ v $ and normalized disassortativeness, $ \zeta_v $ of node $ v $ with its neighbors, $ Ne(v) $ in the network. The value of $ \zeta_v $ is dependent on the correlation, $ corr(v) $ of node $ v $ with its neighbors. The $ corr(v) $ measures maximum disassortativeness of a node $ v $ with its neighbor. If a node $ v $ is more disassortative to its neighbor then the selection probability will be increased. The probability $ \Pi_v^r $ of node $ i $ to attach with the node $ v $ may be defined as,
\begin{equation}
\Pi_v^r =  \frac{k_v}{\sum_u k_u}  \zeta_v\label{e5}
\end{equation}
Where, $ \zeta_v = \frac{corr(v)}{\sum_{n: n \in Ne(v)} r_{deg}(v,n)} $, $ corr(v) = min \mbox{ } r_{deg}(v,n), \forall {n: n \in Ne(v)} $, and the value of $ r_{deg}(v,n) $ is scaled from the range of $ [-1,1] $ to $ [0,2] $.
\subsection{Disassortativity and Eigenvector Centrality (DEC) based rewiring strategy}
Here, rewiring process is a combination of local and global parameters. In the proposed strategy, a link $ e_{ij} $ between node $ i $ and node $ j $ is chosen randomly. The node $ i $ will remove a connection with node $ j $ if both the nodes show assortativeness. Further, node $ i $ will prefer to connect with a new node $ v $ if overall congestion at the node is lesser than other nodes in the network. As EC finds the impact of a node on the other nodes in the network, therefore, it is considered for rewiring. Higher the value of EC, lower the probability to get selected for a new connection. That is why, the node $ i $ will prefer to connect with a node $ v $ having lower EC and higher disassortativeness with its neighbors. The probability $\Pi_i^{EC}  $ of node $ i $ to attach with node $ v $ may be defined as,
\begin{equation}
\Pi_i^{EC} =  (1-\hat{x}(v)) \zeta_v \label{e6}
\end{equation}
Where, $ \hat{x}(v) $ is Eigenvector centrality of node $ v $ and $ \zeta_v $ is same as explained in Eq. \eqref{e5}.
\subsection{$ K $-core (using Degree) and Betweenness Centrality (DKBC) based rewiring strategy}
This strategy is a combination of meso level and global parameter. The network is layered into $ k $-cores on the basis of the degree of nodes \cite{rombach}. In such structure, the nodes in the inner cores are more central than the nodes in the periphery. Hence, nodes with higher $k$-core value (i.e., inner core) are preferred for the connection in the rewiring process. After that, nodes in the inner cores are ranked according to BC of the nodes in the network. If a node lies in the shortest path with high BC then it may be congested early. Hence, in the proposed strategy, a node with low BC is chosen for rewiring. In the proposed rewiring strategy, first, a link, $ e_{ij} $ between the nodes, $ i $ and $ j $ is removed randomly. Then, the node $ i $ will be connected with a node $ v $ if it has higher $ k $-core value i.e., $ core(v) > core(i) $ and having less BC, i.e, $ g(v) < g(i) $. Where, $core(v) $, $ core(i) $, $g(v)$ and $ g(i) $ represent $ k$-core score of node $ v $, $ k$-core score of node $ i $, BC of node $ v $ and BC of node $ i $ respectively. The detailed description is presented in Algorithm \ref{al2}.
\begin{algorithm}[htb!]
\begin{algorithmic}[1]
\STATE \textbf{Input:}  Initial Network ($ G $), BC ($ g $).
\STATE \textbf{Output:} Rewired Network ($ G' $).
\STATE Store core number of each node $ n \in V $ in $ core[n]$
\STATE Remove a link $ e_{ij} $ randomly.
\STATE Select a node $ v $ randomly.
\IF{$ core(v)  >  core(i) $   AND  $ g[i]  >  g[v] $ }
\STATE Add a link $ e_{iv} $ between the nodes $ i $ and $ v $.
\ENDIF
\\ return $ G' $
\end{algorithmic}
\caption{$ K $-core (using Degree) and Betweenness Centrality (DKBC) based rewiring strategy}
\label{al2}
\end{algorithm}
\subsection{$ K $-core (using Closeness centrality), Disassortativity and Betweenness Centrality (CKDBC)  based rewiring strategy}
Nodes in the innermost core are more central (in terms of distance) from all other nodes in the network \cite{rombach}. Hence, the $ k $-core is computed on the basis of the closeness of a node from all other nodes in the network. If the nodes are closest to all other nodes then they will be a part of the innermost core. Based on the value of closeness centrality (CC) of nodes, the network is divided into multiples cores. The total number of core is kept same as the score of $ k $-core through the degree of nodes. The interval of each core depends on the difference of the maximum and minimum values of CC of nodes. Algorithm \ref{al3} provided detail description for the generation of $ k $-core structure. The nodes in the innermost core have higher CC hence, they can rewire their connections to reduce congestion in the network. A node $ i $ is chosen randomly from the innermost core and its connection with a node $ j $ is removed if the nodes $ i $ and $ j $ show assortativeness and the node $ j $ also holds higher BC values. A new node $ v $ is chosen if it shows disassortativeness with the node $ i $ and having less BC value. The detailed description is provided in Algorithm \ref{al4}.

\begin{algorithm}[htb!]
\begin{algorithmic}[1]
\STATE \textbf{Input:}  Network ($ G $).
\STATE \textbf{Output:} core[G].
\STATE Find CC of each node and store it into a set $ \mathcal{C} $
\STATE$ min  \leftarrow $  minimum($ \mathcal{C}) $ /* Assign minimum value of $ \mathcal{C} $ into $ min $ */
\STATE$ max  \leftarrow $  maximum($ \mathcal{C}) $ /* Assign maximum value of $ \mathcal{C} $ into $ max $ */
\STATE Find the main core of the network and save into $ numCore $.
\STATE Calculate interval of the cores, $ CI  \leftarrow \frac{(max-min)}{numCore} $.\\
/* Assign core index to each node $ i $ present in the set $ V $ and save into $ core $ */
\FOR{ $ i $ in $ V $}
\STATE index $ \leftarrow $ $ \frac{\mathcal{C}[i] -min}{CI} $.
\STATE Assign core index to node $ i $ and append into $ core $.
\ENDFOR
\\ return $ core $
\end{algorithmic}
\caption{Formation of core through closeness centrality, $ \mathcal{C} $ of the nodes}
\label{al3}
\end{algorithm}

\begin{algorithm}[htb!]
\begin{algorithmic}[1]
\STATE \textbf{Input:}  Initial Network ($ G $), BC ($ g $), assortativity coefficient ($ r_{deg} $), $ core $.
\STATE \textbf{Output:} Rewired Network ($ G' $).
\STATE Pick a node $ i $ randomly from the innermost core.\\
/* Find the product of assortativity coefficient of each node $ n $ with node $ i $ and BC ($ g(n) $) and save into $ prod $ */
\FOR{ $ n $ in $ V $}
\STATE $ prod(n) $ $ \leftarrow  (r_{deg}(i,n) + 1) * g(n) $
\ENDFOR
\STATE Select a node $ j $ randomly with probability proportional to $ prod $ and remove the link $ e_{ij} $.
\STATE Select a node $ v $ randomly form the set $ V $
\IF {$prod(v)   < random() $}
\STATE Add a connection between the node $ i $ and the node $ v $
\ENDIF\\
return $ G'$
\end{algorithmic}
\caption{$K$-core (using Closeness centrality), Disassortativity and Betweenness Centrality (CKDBC)  based rewiring strategy}
\label{al4}
\end{algorithm}

\section{Traffic Model}\label{Sec4}
Network capacity and traffic load can be calculated by using a suitable traffic flow model. The capacity depends upon the influence of a node in the network and it can be found by using various centrality measures. The model should handle dynamic traffic as well as the load of the network by enhancing network capacity. The dynamics of the traffic flow model consists of the following steps
\begin{itemize}[\textendash]
\item At each time step, every node generates $ \lambda $ packets and the size of the network is $ N $. Hence, the total number of generated packets are $ \lambda  N $.
\item A node $ i $ may deliver at most $ C_i $ packets towards its destination node through the shortest path. The network capacity is the sum of the capacities of all the nodes which appear in the network and defined as $ \sum_{i=1}^N C_i $.
\item The packets are stored in a queue at the nodes and processed on the basis of first-in-first-out (FIFO).
\item At each time step, some new packets are generated and once they reach their destinations then they are removed from the system.
\item To maintain the free flow state, we need to maintain the balance between the generated and delivered packets.
\end{itemize}
\subsection{Theoretical Analysis}
Most of the real world networks are time-varying and evolving. The concept of evolving network was proposed by Barabasi and Albert. The Barabasi-Albert (BA) model helps to generate random scale-free networks via preferential attachment in terms of degrees of the nodes in the network. The network has variable data capacity for an individual node. Each node is endorsed by its neighboring nodes. If these neighbors are already congested then it will cause an increase in load at that neighbor node. For the network designed through BA model, it was shown that the BC is related to the degree via the relation $ g \sim k^{\frac{\alpha-1}{\eta-1}} $ \cite{goh2001} where, $ \alpha $ and $ \eta $ are power law exponents for degree and BC respectively. Therefore, larger degree nodes (hubs) tend to influence other nodes in communications by a greater extent, thus, making the hubs a part of the shortest paths. Congestion usually starts from the hub nodes. Hence, a rational capacity allocation scheme is required for the hub nodes in order to reduce data traffic in the network. Eigenvector centrality ($ EC $) is used to define the impact of the node on the other nodes in the network hence, it is considered in the computation for the capacity of a node. Betweenness centrality $ BC $ is used to find the involvement of the node in the shortest path of the respective user. Therefore, data forwarding capacity, $ C_i $ of a node $ i $ may be allocated as,
\begin{equation}
C_i^t = \beta (\hat{x}(i) + g(i)) N. \label{e1}
\end{equation}
Where, $ \hat{x}(i) $ is EC of a node $ i $ and $ g(i) $ is the $ BC $ of node $ i $. The term, $ \beta $ is a considerably modest fractional value and is a controlling parameter for capacity of the nodes. Packets are forwarded through the shortest paths from the source node to the destination node in the network. Therefore, the probability to pass through a node $ i $ is provided as $ \frac{g(i)}{\sum_{j} g(j) } $. At each time step, average number of incoming packets, $ Q_i^t $ at node $ i $ can be represented as,
\begin{equation}
Q_i^t =  \lambda \mathcal{D} N  \frac{g(i)}{\sum_{j} g(j)}. \label{e2}
\end{equation}
Where $ \mathcal{D} $ is the average shortest path of the network. The term, $ \lambda $ is a small fractional value and is a controlling parameter for $ Q_i^t $ for the node $ i $. With the increase of $ \lambda $ value, the system enters into a phase transition from a free flow state to a congested state. The point of the phase transition is known as critical point and the value of $ \lambda $ is considered as critical packet generation rate \cite{onset}, $ \lambda_c = \frac{C_{max} (N-1)}{g(max)}$. The capacity of a node increases with the increment of the value  $ \beta $. The sum of the capacities $ C_i $s of each node $ i $ is known as the capacity $ C $ of the network. Similarly, the sum of the incoming packets, $Q_i $s at each node $ i $  is termed as the traffic load, $ Q $, of the network. If the number of incoming packets exceeds the traffic capacity of the network then the system will be in the congested state otherwise, it will remain in the free flow state. In the free flow state, all the generated packets will be delivered and there will be no accumulation of packets in the network. However, in a congested state, the number of accumulated packets within the network increases with time. The capacity of the network depends on the capacity of the individual node. Hence, an optimal network structure can improve the performance (or throughput) of the network. To analyze throughput of the network, we need to find out an average of generated packets, $ \lambda N $ and delivery capacity $ C^t $ of the network at time $ t $. The total number of packets in the queue is $ L^t $ at time $ t $. From the theoretical perspective, $ L^{t+1} $ is equal to the sum of the total number of packets in the queue at time $ t $ and $ Q^{t+1} $ minus $ C^{t+1} $ and it can be expressed as,
\begin{equation}
L^{t+1} = L^{t} + Q^{t+1} - C^{t+1}
\end{equation}
The value of $ L^t $ will decide the total number of packets stored in the queue at time $ t $. For large $ t $, the value of $ L $ will be higher. A network structure will be considered as optimal if we get a lower value of $ L^t $ than the other network structures with the same number of nodes, $ N $ and average degree $ \langle k \rangle $. The proposed rewiring strategies consider congestion in the network. Hence, we will get a lower value of $ L^t $ than the original network at time $ t $.

\section{Results and Analysis}
Since, most of the networks are time varying, we chose BA model to generate a scale-free (SF) network. In the SF network, the data forwarding capacity of the network is curtailed by various small degree nodes. Hence, we have proposed some rewiring strategies in Section \ref{Sec3} to minimize congestion and to enhance the performance (in terms of capacity) of the network. We have used a rational allocation of capacity distribution in Section \ref{Sec4} to avoid accumulation of the packets on the hub nodes in the network. The experimental setup consists of generated scale free networks and real data-sets as shown in Table \ref{tab3}. CSA dataset consists of social relationships (Facebook, Leisure, Work, Co-authorship, Lunch) between employees of computer science department at Aarhus. In EuAir,  nodes correspond to different airlines in Europe and the link shows the connection between them. Karate is a social network of friendships between members of a karate club at a US university.

\begin{table}[!htb]
\caption{Experimental Setup}
 \center
 {
 \begin{tabular}[1]{|l| c|c|}
\hline
&Network & Parameters  \\ [0.5ex]
\hline\hline
Synthetic & Scale-free network & $ m_0 = 5 $\\
Network &(using BA model)  & $ \langle k \rangle = 4 $\\
& & $ N = 5 \times 10^2 $ to $ 2 \times 10^3 $\\[0.25ex]\hline
Real Network & CSA & $ N = 61 $, $ |E| = 620 $  \\
&EuAir & $ N = 450 $, $ |E| = 3588 $ \\
&Karate & $ N = 34 $, $ |E| = 64 $\\[0.25ex]\hline
\end{tabular}
\label{tab3}
}
\end{table}

The real world networks, like communication networks are large scale and heterogeneous in degrees, which then enable them to maintain the power law in degree distribution. Hence, the proposed rewiring strategies retain the degree distribution of the networks after each rewiring operation unlike some exisitng rewiring strategies \cite{jiang2014,gong,rateeqn}. Further, we analyzed the efficacy of the proposed rewiring strategies by studying various network properties on the synthetic network and on the empirical data-sets.

\subsection{Performance Evaluation}
The network performance is affected by various parameters, critical packet generation rate $ \lambda_c $, maximum betweenness centrality $ g(max) $, node utilization probability $ U_k $ and rich-club coefficient (RC). Hence, all these parameters are considered as an indicator of performance evaluation.

According to the traffic flow model, discussed in Section \ref{Sec4}, network congestion occurs beyond the critical packet generation rate $ \lambda_c $, but below it network traffic is free flow. The value of $\lambda_c$ is proportional to network capacity ($C$) inversely proportional to the BC of the node with maximum BC value, $g(max)$. Rich club phenomenon characterized when the hubs are on average more intensely interconnected than the nodes with smaller degrees. Presence of rich club increases load and congestion on the connecting link between two hubs. Hence, $ RC $ has a negative impact on capacity of the network. All these network parameters ($ \lambda_c, g(max) $ and $ RC $) are plotted for increasing value of $r_f$ (Fig. \ref{f3}) for varying size of the network ($ N = 250, N = 500 $ and $ N = 1000 $). We can infer that all the rewiring strategies give a higher value of $ \lambda_c $ and lower value of maximum BC, $ g(max) $ than the original network. The proposed rewiring strategies remove a link randomly from a randomly selected node. There exists a small fraction of links whose removal will affect the structure of the network drastically. The probability of selection of these nodes is very less. For that reason, rewiring of a large fraction of links is not much effective in the enhancement of the network performance. However, rewiring a link from a highly congested node will improve the network capacity and reduce congestion in a considerable manner. Rich club of the network is calculated by using rich club coefficient $ \phi(k) $ of the nodes with degree $ k $, and is written as $ \frac{k \phi(k)}{N} $. The proposed rewiring strategies take care of congestion and offer the lower value of RC than the initial network. The rewiring strategy based on the formation of $k$-core architecture through closeness centrality (CKDBC) provides lowest value of $ g(max) $ and $ RC $. Therefore, we get highest value of $ \lambda_c $ and is comparatively desirable for varying size of the scale free network (using BA model).

\begin{figure}[htb]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=\linewidth, height=4.5 in]{SYNDATA_physica-eps-converted-to.pdf}
\caption{The evaluation of network parameters, $ \lambda_c $ (a-c), $ g(max) $ (d-f) and $ RC $ (g-i) for each rewiring strategy when the size of the network $ N = 250 $ (a,d,g), $ N = 500 $ (b,e,h) and $ N = 1000 $ (c,f,i). The X-axis represents the fraction of rewired links ($ r_f $). Each result value is the average of $ 10 $ independent realizations.}
\label{f3}
\end{center}
\end{figure}

In a communication network, few hub nodes are loaded with traffic and are more prone to the congestion. In the proposed traffic flow model, we have assigned more capacity to such nodes. However, the smaller value of maximum node utilization probability, $ U_{max} $ is desirable for improvement in network capacity. In Figure \ref{f4}, we used a log-log plot to show the node utilization probability $ U_k $ and the degree of the node $ k $. In the original network \ref{f4}(a), the traffic intensity on the hub nodes are much higher than the rest of the network. After rewiring of the network through various strategies, traffic of the hub nodes is redistributed among rest of the nodes in the network.  This results into the reduction in the value of $ U_{max} $ in such order: Original Network $ > $ DKBC $ > $ DEC $ > $ CKDBC $  > $ DPA.

\begin{figure}[htb]
\begin{center}
$\begin{array}{ccc}
\includegraphics[width=0.33\linewidth, height=1.5 in]{Original_Usage.png} &
\includegraphics[width=0.33\linewidth, height=1.5 in]{DPA_Usage.png} &
\includegraphics[width=0.33\linewidth, height=1.5 in]{DEC_Usage.png}\\
\mbox{(a) Original Network} & \mbox{(b) DPA} & \mbox{(c) DEC} \\
\includegraphics[width=0.33\linewidth, height=1.5 in]{DKBC_Usage.png} &
\includegraphics[width=0.33\linewidth, height=1.5 in]{CKDBC_Usage.png}\\
\mbox{(d) DKBC} & \mbox{(e) CKDBC}
\end{array}$
\caption{Node utilization probability, $ U_k $ versus node degree, $ k $ for the original network as well as for the network designed through different rewiring strategies when $ r_f = 15\%$ and $ N = 1000 $.}
\label{f4}
\end{center}
\end{figure}

Figure \ref{f5} shows total number of undelivered packets $ L $ versus packet generation rate $ \lambda $ for different values of controlling parameters $ \beta $ for the network designed through different rewiring strategies. We analyze that, for
all the considered cases $ L $ is approximately zero for smaller value of $ \lambda $. There is a critical value of $ \lambda $ after which $ L $ increases. We also noticed that $ \lambda_c $ increases with $ \beta $, which means that the enhanced network capacity alleviate congestion from the large degree nodes. Accordingly, network becomes more tolerant to congestion with delayed phase transition. The rewiring strategy based on $ k $-core decomposition through degree (DKBC) is more tolerant to congestion. The order of $ L $ is: $ L_{Original\mbox{   } Network} > L_{DPA},L_{DEC} > L_{CKDBC} > L_{DKBC} $.

\begin{figure}[htb]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=\linewidth, height=2 in]{varyalphabetarewire-eps-converted-to.pdf}
\caption{The X-axis represents the packet generation rate ($ \lambda $) and the Y-axis plots total number of accumulated packets $ L $ for different value of controlling parameters of capacity $ \beta $; (a) $ 0.3 $, (b) $ 0.5 $ and (c) $ 0.7 $ for each rewiring strategy. Each result value is the average of $ 10 $ independent realizations.}
\label{f5}
\end{center}
\end{figure}

\subsection{Analysis of Synthetic Networks and Real World Networks}
In most of the reported literature, the degree distribution has been considered as an important parameter for the study of the structure of the network. It has been proven that the degree distribution of the communication network is heterogeneous in nature and it affects the network performance in the case of dynamic traffic. The degree distribution after rewiring of $ 5\% $ of links in Figure \ref{f6}(a) and $ 15\% $ of the links (in Figure \ref{f6}(b)) is plotted through all the proposed rewiring strategies. As a result, we can infer that the rewired network is still following power law with little distortion in the degree of small degree node.
\begin{figure}[htb]
\begin{center}
$\begin{array}{cc}
\includegraphics[width=0.45\linewidth, height=2.5 in]{Deg_2k_5.png} &
\includegraphics[width=0.45\linewidth, height=2.5 in]{Deg_2k_15.png} \\
\mbox{(a)} & \mbox{(b)}
\end{array}$
\caption{Degree distribution of the network under different rewiring strategies when the size of the network, $ N = 2000$, average degree, $ \langle k \rangle = 4 $. The plot is log-log plot between degree $ k $ vs. the probability of the nodes having degree $ k, p(k) $ for (a) $ r_f = 5 \% $ and (b) $ r_f = 15\% $.}
\label{f6}
\end{center}
\end{figure}

Various network properties, e.g., $ g(max) $, $ \lambda_c $, assortativity coefficient ($ r_{deg} $), average clustering coefficient ($\langle C_lC \rangle$), average node coreness (ANC), average path length (APL), average node betweenness (ANB) are studied for scale-free networks (Table \ref{tab1}) and for real data-sets (Table \ref{tab2}). These are the properties of the network as a whole and not just of the individual node. All the rewiring strategies reduce $ g(max) $ and enhance $ \lambda_c $. The significance of the rewiring strategies is different. If someone is interested in the disassortative (or assortative) network then they will prefer CKDBC rewiring strategy as it provides a minimum value of $ g(max) $, the maximum value of $ \lambda_c $, most disassortative (or assortative) in nature and having least clustering coefficient. The CKDBC makes communication (scale-free) and transportation (EuAir) networks more disassortative while social network (CSA) is converted into a more assortative network. As the network through DPA strategy provides maximum value of $ \langle C_lC \rangle $ hence, more desirable for fast spreading process and robustness. ANC,  APL, and ANB of the network designed through all the rewiring strategies are almost equal (Table \ref{tab1}). But, the values of ANC, APL, and ANB are slightly changed for the empirical data-sets (Table \ref{tab2}).
\begin{table}[!htb]
\caption{Topological measures for the network designed with various rewiring strategies  when $ N=500 $ and $ r_f= 10\% $.}

 \center
 {
 \begin{tabular}[1]{|l| c| c| c| c| c|}
\hline
Measures &Original & DPA &  DEC & DKBC &  CKDBC  \\ [0.5ex]
& Network &&&&\\
\hline\hline
$ g(max) $ & $ 0.1876 $ & $ 0.1708 $ & $ 0.1703 $ & $ 0.1772 $ & $ 0.1551 $ \\[0.25ex]\hline
$ \lambda_c $&  $ 0.4977 $ &  $ 0.5466 $ & $ 0.5482 $ & $  0.5276 $ & $ 0.6053 $  \\[0.25ex]\hline
$ r_{deg} $ & $-0.0892 $ &$ -0.0787 $ & $ -0.0338 $ & $ -0.0581 $ & $ -0.2181 $ \\[0.25ex]\hline
$ \langle C_lC \rangle $ & $ 0.1091 $ &  $ 0.1227 $ & $ 0.0779 $ & $ 0.0897 $ & $ 0.0700 $ \\[0.25ex]\hline
ANC & $ 4.1640 $ &$ 4.2240 $ & $ 4.2440 $ & $ 4.2120 $ & $ 4.2700 $  \\[0.25ex]\hline
APL & $ 2.8895 $ & $ 2.9246 $ & $ 2.9595 $ & $  2.9311 $ & $ 2.9122 $ \\[0.25ex]\hline
ANB& $ 0.0038 $ & $ 0.0038 $ & $ 0.0039 $ & $ 0.0038 $ & $ 0.0038 $  \\[0.25ex]
\hline
\end{tabular}
\label{tab1}
}
\end{table}

\begin{table}[!htb]
\caption{Topological measures for the network designed with different data-sets; CSA, EuAir and Karate when $ r_f = 10\% $.}
 \center
{
\begin{tabular}[1]{|l|c|c|c|c|c|c|}
\hline
Measures & Network &Original & DPA &  DEC & DKBC &  CKDBC  \\ [0.5ex]
& &Network &&&&\\
\hline\hline
& CSA & $ 0.3275 $ & $ 0.2069 $ & $ 0.2541 $ & $ 0.1781 $ & $ 0.1573 $ \\[0.25ex]
$ g(max) $ & EuAir & $  0.8474 $ & $ 0.7889 $ & $ 0.8257 $ & $ 0.7787 $ & $ 0.7698 $\\[0.25ex]
& Karate & $ 0.4376 $ & $ 0.3281 $ & $ 0.4317 $ & $ 0.4336 $ & $ 0.3833 $ \\[0.25ex] \hline

& CSA &  $ 0.0924 $ &  $ 0.0989 $ & $  0.2867 $ & $  0.2388 $ & $ 0.2904 $  \\[0.25ex]
$ \lambda_c $& EuAir & $ 0.2098 $ & $ 0.2254 $ & $ 0.2154 $ & $ 0.2284 $ & $ 0.2357 $\\[0.25ex]
& Karate & $ 0.2589 $ & $ 0.3454 $ & $ 0.2625 $ & $ 0.2613 $ & $ 0.2956 $ \\[0.25ex] \hline

 & CSA & $0.0046 $ &$0.0185 $ & $ -0.0026 $ & $  0.0169 $ & $ 0.0731 $ \\[0.25ex]
$ r_{deg} $ & EuAir & $ -0.5716 $ & $ -0.5419 $ & $ -0.5130 $ & $ -0.4934 $ & $ -0.6011 $ \\[0.25ex]
& Karate & $  -0.4756 $ & $ -0.4559 $ & $ -0.4619 $ & $ -0.4084 $ & $  -0.5176 $ \\[0.25ex] \hline

$ \langle C_lC \rangle $ & CSA & $ 0.6733 $ &  $ 0.6440 $ & $ 0.6620 $ & $ 0.5124 $ & $ 0.5824$ \\[0.25ex]
& EuAir & $ 0.3994 $ & $ 0.3821 $ & $ 0.3585 $ & $ 0.3516 $ & $ 0.0875 $ \\[0.25ex]
& Karate & $  0.5706 $ & $ 0.5298 $ & $ 0.5942 $ & $ 0.5444 $ & $ 0.3149 $ \\[0.25ex] \hline

ANC & CSA &  $ 4.5833 $ &$ 4.6166$ & $  4.7333 $ & $ 4.3833 $ & $ 4.4333 $  \\[0.25ex]
& EuAir & $ 2.0784 $ & $ 2.1764 $ & $ 2.1372 $ & $ 2.0784 $ & $ 1.8431 $\\[0.25ex]
& Karate & $ 2.9117 $ & $ 2.8823 $ & $ 2.8529 $ & $ 2.9117 $ & $ 2.6470 $\\[0.25ex] \hline

APL &CSA & $ 3.1887 $ & $ 3.0056 $ & $ 3.1121 $ & $  2.7463 $ & $ 2.9751 $ \\[0.25ex]
& EuAir & $ 1.9725 $ & $ 2.0831 $ & $ 2.0698 $ & $ 2.3051 $ & $ 2.2102 $ \\[0.25ex]
& Karate & $ 2.4082 $ & $ 2.2638 $ & $ 2.4171 $ & $ 2.4741 $ & $ 2.4884 $ \\[0.25ex] \hline

ANB& CSA & $ 0.0377 $ & $ 0.0346 $ & $ 0.0336 $ & $ 0.0301 $ & $ 0.0340 $  \\[0.25ex]
& EuAir & $ 0.0198 $ & $ 0.0221 $ & $ 0.0218 $ & $ 0.0266 $ & $ 0.0247 $ \\[0.25ex]
& Karate & $ 0.0440 $ & $  0.0395 $ & $ 0.0443 $ & $ 0.0460 $ & $ 0.0465 $ \\[0.25ex]
\hline
\end{tabular}
\label{tab2}
}
\end{table}

$ g(max) $ of all the data-sets are plotted against $ r_f $ in Fig. \ref{f7}. The value of $ g(max) $ obtained through all the rewiring strategies is lower than the original networks. CKDBC strategy outperforms than other strategies. DKBC performs better in all the data-sets except EuAir.

\begin{figure}[htbp]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=\linewidth, height=2 in]{maxbetNCC-eps-converted-to.pdf}
\caption{The X-axis represents the fraction of rewired links ($ r_f $) and the Y-axis plots the $ g(max) $ for each rewiring strategy for different datasets: (a) CSA \cite{CSA}, (b) Karate\cite{karate} (c) EuAir\cite{EuAir}. Each result value is the average of $ 10 $ independent realizations.}
\label{f7}
\end{center}
\end{figure}

In Fig. \ref{f8}, among all the values of $ \lambda_c $, $ 95\% $ values of the proposed rewiring strategies for all the data-sets are higher than the $ \lambda_c  $ of the initial network. The DKBC routing strategy provides higher value of $ \lambda_c $ for friendship network (CSA and karate) while CKDBC outperforms for the transportation network (EuAir).

\begin{figure}[htb]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=\linewidth, height=2 in]{lambdaxNCC-eps-converted-to.pdf}
\caption{The X-axis represents the fraction of rewired links ($ r_f $) and the Y-axis plots critical packet generation rate, $ \lambda_c $ for each rewiring strategy for different data-sets. Each result value is the average of $ 10 $ independent realizations.}
\label{f8}
\end{center}
\end{figure}

$ RC $ is plotted against $ r_f $(Fig. \ref{f9}). For all the data-sets, CKDBC strategy provides lower value of $ RC $ except a few $ r_f $s. For transportation (EuAir) network, $ RC $ for all the rewiring strategies are lower than initial datasets.

\begin{figure}[htb]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=\linewidth, height=2 in]{RCNCC-eps-converted-to.pdf}
\caption{The X-axis represents the fraction of rewired links ($ r_f $) and the Y-axis plots rich club coefficient $ RC $ for each rewiring strategy for different data-sets. Each result value is the average of $ 10 $ independent realizations.}
\label{f9}
\end{center}
\end{figure}

Core-periphery coefficient (CP) of the rewired (a) BA model and all the data-sets (b-d) are evaluated for different values of $ r_f $ (Fig. \ref{f10}). All the rewiring strategies maintain core-periphery architecture. Most of the $ CP $ values are higher than the value of initial data-sets. The performance of CKDBC rewiring strategy is better than others for all the data-sets.

\begin{figure}[htb]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=\linewidth, height=2 in]{CP_physica-eps-converted-to.pdf}
\caption{The X-axis represents the fraction of rewired links ($ r_f $) and the Y-axis plots core-periphery coefficient $ CP $ for each rewiring strategy for (a) the network designed through BA model when size $ N = 250 $ and (b-d) for different datasets. Each result value is the average of $ 10 $ independent realizations.}
\label{f10}
\end{center}
\end{figure}

\section{Conclusions and Future Directions}
In this paper, efficient rewiring strategies are proposed to minimize congestion in the network by enhancing the critical packet generation rate, $ \lambda_c $ of the network. To mitigate traffic congestion, we have considered a combination of local, global and intermediate scale perspective for rewiring of the links in the network. As a result, it is found that the proposed rewiring strategies gives the higher value of $ \lambda_c $ and minimize betweenness centrality ($ g(max) $) along with rich club coefficient ($ RC $) while maintaining core-periphery architecture. Further, we analyzed various network properties on some empirical data-sets and find the same pattern as in scale free network (through BA model). Based on  the significance of the routing strategies, CKDBC is more desirable for data communication. While, DPA routing strategy can be preferred for fast spreading process and robustness.

In future work, we would like to expend our work to more realistic environment and those can be created using network simulators. Network congestion can also be studied for varying packet generation rate on different topologies of the networks.

 \section{References}
\bibliographystyle{splncs}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


A selection of recent logo projects.
The Printing Don, a promotional products distributor in Peoria, Arizona.
285 Tree Service in Bailey, Colorado.
Created for De Luca Real Estate Group in Yuma, Arizona.
Created for Barr Hardwood Restoration, a flooring installation and restoration company in Denver, Colorado.
Created for Native Ink, a promotional products distributor.
AirStitch is an online file storage and management tool for embroidery files.
Real Estate 48 Group, located in Phoenix, Arizona.
Barnum is a vibrant and diverse community on the west side of Denver, Colorado. It gained it's name from circus owner, P.T. Barnum, who purchased the land in 1878.
Brewed Stronger is a Vermont-based beer blog and apparel company for fans of craft beer and fitness.
ClientMerch provides branded gifts and promotional products for the mortgage industry.
GamedayCup was created for InkSoft.com.
OneTMS is a full-service business travel management company.
Created for Digital Art Solutions as part of a customer training program.
Toys and Geek is a pop-culture blog for (they describe it best) "Comic Con goers, toy collectors, and fans of all things nerdy."


Re-open a board by clicking the "Boards" menu in the header and selecting "See closed boards..." Find the board and click "Re-open".
You will need to have been a board admin to reopen a board.
Reopen closed boards from your boards drawer.


A desperate need for dialogue: Katherina Radeva writes on why she's organising a day of ideas-sharing around questions of otherness and identity.
Tara Fatehi Irani writes on her year-long project, making 365 performance-installations which shared micro-histories from her family archive from Tehran.
Frey Kwa Hawking explores the slippery territory of defining a dramaturg's role, and forging a practice in a world that requires both productions and people to be marketable.
Kaite O'Reilly writes on cripping up, and how her new production offers a witty, feminist, alternative disability perspective on Shakespeare's history play.
Poppy Burton-Morgan explores how female-led circus companies are dismantling and reimagining gender on stage.
Ahead of her show 'The Year of the Rooster Monk' at Vault Festival, Giselle LeBleu writes on resurrecting pre-digital ghosts and channeling dark forces.
The artistic director of Cardboard Citizens talks theatre and oppression, in response to Nathan Lucky Wood's piece 'The Trouble With Outreach'.
Alice Saville explores why it's time to stop talking about 'theatre etiquette', and to start thinking about the behaviour of all sections of the audience.
"Hard-to-reach audiences are not hard to reach if you speak their language" – Ifeyinwa Frederick argues for a new direction for theatre.
As $elfie$ comes to Hackney Showroom, Malik Nashad Sharpe explores the Black and Queer contexts behind their performance.
"How do I mentor a playwright when every time I write a play I feel like I'm starting from scratch?" Tim Crouch on joining the growing band of mentors and dramaturgs who hold up a mirror to the playwriting process.


text:
Posted on April 17, 2015 April 17, 2015 by K.L. Murphy
DA Bale: Cover Reveal for RISING FROM THE DARKNESS
Author DA Bale is soon to release her THIRD book in the Deepest Darkness series (I love series writers!). Set for release on July 1st, it can be pre-ordered beginning Friday, May 1st. DA's first book in the series was released in 2011. Very excited for her that the series continues to grow and expand and find new fans. I'm honored to be part of her cover reveal announcement.
It's finally here – the explosive finale of the Deepest Darkness series.
Samantha Bartlett has a new mission – and this time it's one of her own choosing. Armed with information worth killing for, Samantha pieces together secrets spanning generations and uncovers the key to Debrille's plans, including the horror of his true identity. But will it be enough for redemption? Especially when facing the bridges she's burned?
Life was once clearly black or white, but now Joe Roberts has a target on his back – and it's sighted by his boss at the FBI. It's not just from running off with their primary suspect in President Warner's murder and then allowing her to escape. No. He's the Elite's latest scapegoat. That alone begs the question. Is Sam a cold-blooded killer or a mere pawn used in a global chess game?
World War III looms on the horizon as the Middle East threatens to implode, world alliances are scrapped, and a once tenuous truce with a former enemy collapses – all under President Durksen's watch. Shadowed by the Elite's constant and vigilant guard, Durksen must find a way out of the hole he dug for himself long ago. But can he accomplish it in time, or will the United States die like so many nations before it?
Explosions light up the night. Friend becomes foe. Sister against sister. Lives are lost. Sacrifices made. But in order to realize true freedom, evil must be defeated.
No matter the cost.
To learn more about DA and her books, you can find her at http://dabalepublishing.blogspot.com/.
CategoriesGuest Posts - Best in Show, Publishing Tails, Top Dog Books and Clubs Tagscover reveal, da bale, Deepest Darkness series, pre-sale, Rising from the Darkness, self-publishing
3 Replies to "DA Bale: Cover Reveal for RISING FROM THE DARKNESS"
D A Bale says:
Thanks again, Kellie, for participating in my cover reveal. I look forward to reading your latest release in the near future. It's always so much fun coming up a new release, yes? Good luck!
Kellie Larsen Murphy says:
Best of luck. Hope the presales are a big success!
Thanks again, Kellie. Fingers crossed!
Previous PostPrevious Rejection: Not a Dirty Word
Next PostNext On Writing: 5 Best-Selling Authors Talk About the Business of Writing Serial Killers

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Caroline Constantine has over fourteen years experience in leisure management. Caroline was Regional Manager for a major leisure management contractor for two years before accepting a senior management position as Group Quality Manager in 2001.
As Group Quality Manager Caroline set up and managed Quality Management Systems across 120 Centres UK wide. Under Caroline's guidance Quest accreditation (the UK Quality Scheme for Sport & Leisure) was achieved at over 50 centres.
Caroline carries out internal quality audits and is a Registered Assessor for Quest, conducting independent on-site Quest Assessments.


This blog post is dedicated to my country India, that I miss terribly being so far away. The fashion scene is booming with people becoming more and more aware of brands and what or what not to wear. One of the most fashionable young actresses in Bollywood is Sonam Kapoor. She is the daughter of Anil kapoor : a seasoned and well respected actor in the country. She started acting only a few years back but has become better known for her impeccable taste in clothes and her flawless sense of style.
Her favourite brands include Chanel, Jean Paul Gaultier and Dior and she confessed that she loves shopping in Vintage shops in New York as well. Her clothes on the Indian red carpet as well as on bigger platforms like Cannes are closely observed by fashionistas and press everywhere.
Sonam was named the "Best Dressed Celebrity" of 2009 by People's Magazine. Sonam is associated with prestigious brands like L'Oreal Paris, Electrolux, Spice Mobile and Mont Blanc.
I personally think she is quite the style icon and look at her for inspiration! Hope you find her style appealing as well.


Governors play an important part in the strategic development of school improvement. We are very fortunate to have a hard working and proactive governing body who work closely with the school to ensure that it provides a good quality education for all pupils.
Raising educational standards in school is a key priority. This has the best chance of happening when there are high expectations of what pupils can achieve. Governors promote effective ways of teaching and learning when setting the school aims and policies. They do this together with the head teacher, who is responsible for the day-to-day management of the school. Head teachers are recruited and selected by governors. As a Voluntary Aided Church of England School, Governors are the employers of staff and responsible for the Admission of pupils.
makes sure the school provides for all pupils including those with special needs.
More information about the role of the Governing Body can be found on the Governors' Charter. Please also see the Governors Annual Statement, please note none of our Governors hold Governor roles in other schools.
I have been a governor since 2015. My son attended Woodcocks' Well before going on to Eaton Bank Academy. I am passionately interested in education; my current job is senior lecturer in English Literature at Liverpool John Moores University, having previously taught at Secondary Level, Sixth-form and English as a Foreign Language in Italy. I am the current Chair of Governors.
What do you love about Woodcocks' Well C of E Primary School?
Its caring and happy atmosphere.
I have been a governor since 2015. My twins both attend Woodcocks' Well Primary School and are thoroughly enjoying their time here.
Having worked in the motor industry for over 25 years as operations director, I now look after three of the largest and some smaller clients for the same company, people like J Sainsburys, Cadburys (Mondelez International) and Balfour Beatty. Looking after client needs within the repair management field. Including negotiating terms and operating procedures and also setting up new client accounts working in conjunction with the Company's Managing Director.
I am very fortunate to be able to offer quite a bit of my time to support Woodcocks' Well. As well as holding the position of Vice-Chair of Governors, I am actively involved with the ECO Warriors and Junior Council teams within the school, who I am personally very proud of. I also support and help Miss Darlington in Willow Class one day a week.
My hobbies are gardening and DIY (albeit not very well!) and Bruce Springsteen!!
Its total commitment to the pupils within the school and the passion from all teachers and governors to ensure that every child's experience at Woodcocks' Well stands them in good stead for their future independence.
I have been a Foundation Governor at Woodcocks' Well since 2001 and Chair of Governors from 2003 to 2016. Now retired I have been involved in education all my professional life, initially as a teacher of Religious Studies to High School students and subsequently, as a Local Government Officer supporting school governance in Stockport and Wigan.
I am a passionate believer in the value of small rural schools and the contribution they make to community life. I have had the pleasure of working with staff, parents, and fellow governors in ensuring that Woodcocks' Well school continues to deliver high quality education to its local community.
It is that happy, caring 'family' atmosphere the size of the school makes possible which makes is so unique.
I studied in London and Durham and have degrees in theology and counselling psychotherapy. After my first parish I worked in Independent Schools for sixteen years as a chaplain and Head of Religious Studies, during which time I also examined for AQA.
Returning to parish ministry, I arrived in Odd Rode in 2011 and on my first visit to Woodcock's Well, I was enormously impressed by the warm family atmosphere. Over the years this has continued and alongside it the standard of achievement has grown immensely. It has been a privilege serve as ex-officio Foundation Governor with such a committed governing body and dedicated staff, all of whom have the sole aim of getting the best for the children-whatever their ability-in a stable and nurturing environment.
There have been challenging times but we have gone from strength to strength since becoming a Church Aided School in 2014.
The school has always had a strong Christian ethos and has celebrated its links with St Luke's church, but now those have grown even stronger.
I am currently a Foundation Governor for the school and have also been a Parent Governor during the time my son attended Woodcocks' Well.
I have a background in insurance as well as finance and take an interest in the financial aspects of school life as well as the educational element.
I believe our school is dedicated to giving children the best start to their education and we have high teaching standards across the year groups. We also aim to bring as many extras as possible for the children to benefit from as well as a wide range of extra curricular clubs. All of this adds up to children reaching their true potential before venturing off to high school and future careers.
As well as being a governor and staff member, I am also Chair of the PTA. In my spare time I like to read, exercise and spend time with my family.
The feeling you get when you spend time in school and view for yourself the caring ethos amongst staff and the extra mile they go ensure children are happy, safe and learning.
I have been a Parent Governor since 2010. My son attended Woodcocks' Well before going on to Congleton High School in 2016. I became a Parent Governor so that I could be actively involved in my son's education, it was extremely important to me that he and his fellow pupils, were able to achieve the best possible education at Woodcock's Well C of E Primary School. I have an extensive business background, at senior management level, in both manufacturing and in FMCG environments. I currently run a successful property investment business with my husband.
Woodcocks' Well C of E Primary School has a caring, nurturing approach, where every child matters and is encouraged to participate in all aspects of school life.
My name is Michaela Warrilow and I am honoured to be Community Governor for Woodcocks' Well.
I have been working in education for twenty years now as a drama/theatre practioner alongside workings as a freelance theatre director/actor/writer. My work has allowed me to work in varying settings using drama and theatre as a tool for addressing social issues, raising standards within learning environments and enhancing confidence and self-esteem through positive communication.
I first came to Woodcocks' several years ago as a freelance drama practioner and in that time I have seen the amazing commitment and love the head, staff and community have for this jewel in the Mow Cop crown. I consider this school to be unique in that here, every child is taught to shine, with the encouragement and love from this fabulous environment.
I joined Woodcocks' Well as Head Teacher in January 2007 and automatically took on the Ex-Officio governor position on the Governing Body.
I have seen many changes over the years and, all in all, it has been a very exciting journey; remaining so more than ever, today. I am fortunate to work with a wonderful team of staff and governors. Over the years, we have come to know many families and enjoyed providing excellent provision, not only for the children but also within the community.
My teaching career is based in Cheshire East where I first studied as a mature student at MMU and then held several teaching posts in the Congleton area.
I have always considered myself to be in a privileged position, working with children, and I remain passionate about educating children and providing a happy environment in which they can thrive and love learning.
I have been teaching at Woodcock's Well for 17 years and have enjoyed every single second of being here.
I am currently lucky enough to teach Reception class and lead Early Years working closely with Pre-School staff to ensure our children get an amazing start to their education making them hungry little learners.
I lead Religious Education and English with Miss Booth which are both subjects that I feel passionately about. Both my children attend Woodcocks' Well and I cannot think of a better place for them.
In my spare time I enjoy reading, baking and anything dance related!
I love the family atmosphere and feeling; the friendly and caring, well behaved chidlren we have here and I love the fact that every day I come to school and laugh.
I have been teaching at Woodcocks' Well since 2012.
I currently lead English with Miss Sharples as well as ICT and PE. There are so many aspects of teaching that I love: delving into a topic for a whole term at a time and learning the ins and outs of it with the children; taking the children on residential trips (even the lack of sleep is enjoyable!) and of course the fact that every single day is different.
In my spare time I love reading, cooking and visiting new places.
I love how kind and caring our children are towards one another. At Woodcocks' Well we celebrate all strengths and its always fantastic to see how genuinely proud the children are of each other.
I have recently become a parent governor at Woodcocks' Well and currently have one child in Year 3. My daughter only left Year 6 in July and has just started secondary school. I regularly volunteer in school and try to attend as many events as possible. I am a qualified teacher of Modern Languages and have previously taught at two secondary schools not too far away from here. I have also spent time working in schools in both France and Germany.
One of the real strengths of Woodcocks' Well is its strong family atmosphere. Everybody knows each other and the children always to seem to be happy.
I am currently a Foundation Governor and have a son and daughter who attend the school. My background is in Education specialising in Early Years. I have worked in the voluntary sector and public sector where I was a Primary school teacher for 4 years and for the last 11 years have owned my own childcare business.
I love the small, traditional and general uniqueness of the school. The ethos and the links with the church creates a 'family' feel within a rural community, making this a special place for children to grow and develop.


This is Tombstone and I'm hijacking my newest guest blogger's post to introduce you to, Shafreel Cosmos. Shafreel is a talented, independent filmmaker with a bunch of music videos and concept pieces to his credit. We are going to follow his adventures starting with this video. If you would like to see more of his work, click on the links at the bottom. I hope you enjoy it. Welcome to the Legion!


The emerse platform technology currently saves 20-40% of the energy costs of conventional commercial production processes with micro-algae. Above all, this is due to the use of terrestrial production organisms which perform photosynthesis and grow with sunlight and CO2. Regarding test organisms, the new platform technology currently makes use of the unique properties of terrestrial cyanobacteria living in arid to polar regions. Terrestrial cyanobacteria contain a wide range of active ingredients and have a very good process stability due to their enormous adaptability to hostile life conditions. Furthermore, they tolerate the injection of common waste products, such as sulfurous flue gas, lost heat or waste water, and can thereby even be increased in their productivity. Apart from that, they only require sunlight, CO2 and small amounts of trace elements for growth. By fixation of atmospheric nitrogen in special cells, the so-called heterocysts, many cyanobacteria produce their own fertilizer. Therefore in many cases there is no need for additional costly nitrogen fertilizer. This is possible because the heterocysts protect the N2-fixing enzyme nitrogenase from harmful oxygen. The consumption of precious drinking water can also be reduced enormously, since the organisms need only small quantities of water in the form of aerosol – fine mist – in contrast to being submersed in gigantic water volumes, as in hitherto existing processes. This does not only help saving resources, but also makes unnecessary energy-intensive processes such as the continuous mixing of the organism suspension and the separation of the biomass from the water in the course of further processing. The properties of cyanobacteria and corresponding process engineering can thus be utilized for energy-efficient and resource-efficient production of active ingredients, foodstuffs, and organic resources.


The founder and former chief executive of Brisbane-based charity Street Swags, Jean Madden, has been charged by police over an alleged attack on the organisation's website and emails.
Madden has already been embroiled in a civil case with the charity which provides lightweight and waterproof sleeping bags for the homeless.
The highly-awarded founder of the charity resigned from the organisation in June to deal with a civil court action over her alleged handling of the charity's funds.
The former Young Australian of the Year finalist was charged by police on Tuesday night. A police spokesperson told Pro Bono Australia News that Madden was released from police custody and will re-appear in the Brisbane magistrate's court on 4 August.
The spokesperson confirmed that the 36-year-old woman was charged with one count of "dishonestly causing detriment" to the charity.
He said the charge related to her "dishonestly causing the inability to operate and manage an organisation".
However, Madden has also denied allegations made about misappropriating charity funds via a YouTube post made on July 16, before her arrest, which has now been taken down.
"Street Swags VISA debit card in my name was used for company running costs. To have racked up $170,000 worth, that would have to be at least five years' worth. As a charity, we get audited every year, so have these transactions," Madden said in the video.
But the official Street Swags Facebook page said it was business as usual for the charity.
The post said Street Swags was not closed for business as some media reports had suggested, but confirmed that it's website had been hacked at the weekend.
"The integrity of our organisation is beyond reproach. By any individual," it said.
"We continue to do what we do best, what we have always done – provide Street Swags to those most in need in your community.
"Court proceedings and police investigations are ongoing. We respect these processes completely, whilst also focusing on providing our partners, supporters, beneficiaries and donors as much information as possible.


Need to put the finishing touch on a present? Or perhaps you'd like to say "thank you" with a small gift of appreciation? You'd be surprised what $10 can get you!
Looking for great gifts under $10? Kirkland's has the Christmas gifts you're looking for at prices you'll love! Shop online for plenty of cheap gift ideas!
Find great deals on eBay for gifts under $10. Shop with confidence.
Discover the best gifts for men under $10. Top gift ideas for men under $10 from our 2017 gift guide.
Check out all Gifts under $10. View Mobile version of site.. Prices, specifications, images, and videos are subject to change without notice.
Shop for Board Games in Games & Puzzles. Buy products such as Chutes and Ladders Game, Candy Land Game, UNO Card Game, Classic Jenga Game at Walmart and save.
Shop For Perfume Gifts Under $10. Find the right gift at the right price for any special occasion. Up to 80% off department store prices.
Have fun finding great gifts for kids under $10 and under $15 when you shop HearthSong.
Find amazing gifts under $25 and other totally awesome but still inexpensive gifts when you peruse our list of fun, inventive, and cheap gift ideas.
You searched for: gifts under 10! Etsy is the home to thousands of handmade, vintage, and one-of-a-kind products and gifts related to your search. No matter what you're looking for or where you are in the world, our global marketplace of sellers can help you find unique and affordable options. Let's get started!
The Nobrain list of Hot Christmas gifts under $10.00. Newly updated gift ideas for 2018 with every gift under 10 dollars!
Shopping for Christmas Gifts Under $10,Get the best Christmas Gifts Under $10 deal at GearBest.com with free delivery.
Looking for something special that reads way more expensive than it actually is? These 10 items will help you take care of everyone on your holiday list, all for under $100.
40 seriously cool holiday gifts for adults under $15. They're out there! Thoughtful gifts don't have to be spendy gifts, and spendy gifts aren't necessarily thoughtful gifts.But hey, we get the budget thing. Or maybe you just have 400,000 best friends to shop for in which case, more power to you, popular person!
Looking for a magical or funny gift? Check out the fantastic present ideas to make people laugh and be amazed! Super cool joke gifts for children and adults of all ages. Wonderful novelty gift ideas for birthdays and also secret santa gifts too!


text:
Jáchym Bulín (7 September 1934 – 25 May 2021) was a Czech ski jumper. He competed in the individual event at the 1956 Winter Olympics.

References

External links

1934 births
2021 deaths
Czechoslovak male ski jumpers
Czech male ski jumpers
Olympic ski jumpers of Czechoslovakia
Ski jumpers at the 1956 Winter Olympics
People from Jelenia Góra

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
The Global Recruiter - Government Introduces Significant Workplace Proposals
On Monday the government announced what it claimed to be the 'biggest package of workplace reforms for 20 years'. The proposals were designed to ensure that the UK would be world leading in meeting the challenges of how different demographics approach work. According to the ELAS Group, under new rules, workers will be given details of their rights "in plain English" from the first day in a job, such as eligibility for sick leave, pay and details of other types of paid leave, such as maternity and paternity. Previously, employees could legally wait up to two months before receiving a formal contract of employment after starting their job.
The reforms also beef up the Employment Agency Standard Inspectorate and give it new powers to impose penalties on employers who breach employment laws, for example by refusing to pay wages...
...Commenting on the announcement that a written statement of rights will be mandatory from day one for all workers and will be extended to include details of eligibility for sick leave and pay, Katharine Moxham, spokesperson for Group Risk Development (GRiD) said: "This is an important first step in the journey away from uncertainty around what will happen if a worker is off sick for any length of time. A common reason people don't buy personal income protection is because they think they won't need it – 'it won't happen to me', 'the State will provide', 'my employer will look after me' – but most don't actually know what protection is in place for them via their employer. It's absolutely crucial that people move beyond guesswork and assumption and have a clear idea of what they can expect from their employer if they have a period of sickness absence.


Winston-Salem, NC, is a thriving community that has become a center for business development, particularly in areas relating to life sciences, technology, data centers, sustainable businesses, advanced manufacturing, and logistics and distribution.
Our ability to collaborate as a community is what makes us an attractive location for outside businesses looking to expand or relocate. We are a community teaming with ideas. This page is one way to capture and share our ideas for maintaining and growing our economic base.
We invite you to join the conversation, share your ideas, and connect with other business people in continuing to make Winston-Salem an ideal place for living and working.
Winston-Salem Business Inc. promotes Winston-Salem and Forsyth County as an excellent business location and provides unparalleled customer service to clients and consultants interested in locating businesses in our community. Visit our website to learn more about the area and what WSBI does to facilitate economic development.


text:
Mohawker eller Kanien'gehaga är ett irokesiskt folk som sedan urminnes tid tillhör Irokesförbundet. De bodde ursprungligen i området kring Mohawk Valley i norra New York. Numera bor de i reservat i den amerikanska delstaten New York och i provinserna Ontario och Québec. De flesta tillhör Six Nations of the Grand River First Nation i Ontario eller Mohawk Nation at Akwesasne  i New York, Ontario och Québec.

Referenser

Nordamerikanska indianer
USA:s ursprungsbefolkning
Irokeser


There is a flap on top of the Pixma IP6310D printer model from where you can input papers and other printing medium. The output tray for Pixma IP6310D is on the front side and has an extension flap if need may arise.
Canon IP6310D also has a port for plugging in a Bluetooth device with the help of which you can print directly through a digital camera or your cell phone, though you will have to purchase that Bluetooth supporting device additionally. Pixma IP6310D is a very easy to setup printer model with very few basic connections and software installations. The software for IP6310D has support for both Windows and Mac computer operating systems. There is an LCD on the front panel with small button controls as well. Though using the LCD can become difficult in low light because of the very important missing backlight option.
There are two special buttons for predefined purposes on the front panel of a Pixma IP6310D. The save button automatically saves the content of the inserted media card to your PC and the other button helps you quickly launch Canon's Easy PhotoPrint software that would assist you in easy printing from the card reader.
Pixma 6310D also has the FINE technology and the ChromaLife100 system built in it for optimizing the printing ability of Canon IP6310D ink cartridges. Canon IP6310D uses a two six Canon IP6310 cartridges system. There are two Canon IP6310D ink cartridges used. One cartridge is a regular color cartridge while the other one is the photo color cartridge.
One irony with the Pixma IP6310D has been its inability to print black text documents quickly which is even slower than its own speed of printing colored documents. The Canon IP6310D ink cartridges are made on old technology which means higher cost of ink cartridges replacement.
Overall black text printing quality of Pixma IP6310D was acceptable however the better performing division of the Canon IP6310D had been the colored photo printing where it surpassed the quality mark set by many of the competing inkjet printers by other inkjet printer manufacturers.


text:
patient advocate stanford health care
Today, Packard Children's Hospital, in collaboration with a network of over 100 Stanford Children's Health locations throughout the U.S. western region, provides care for more than 500,000 patient visits a year. Patient Relations We strive to provide a comfortable, caring and professional presence, while utilizing problem solving skills and effective communication, to achieve resolution to concerns. For the fifth consecutive year, the Healthcare Equality Index has issued Stanford Health Care a perfect score for its LGBTQ policies and practices. COVID-19 Updates: What We're Doing to Keep You Safe » COVID-19 Resources » Updated Visitor Policy ». Administrative Support at Stanford Health Care View All Information for Patients & Visitors », https://www.jointcommission.org/resources/patient-safety%20topics/report-a-patient-safety-event/. Your opinion counts! Patient Relations is here to facilitate resolution for any concern or issue patients and family members may have with their experience. As a neutral party our team objectively investigates, initiates internal reviews, and documents issues brought to our attention, with the goal of achieving the best outcome for our patients, families, and the organization. Our shared commitment to respect, courtesy and a true personal connection is what sets us apart and drives us forward as health care professionals. Oakbrook Terrace, IL 60181, Online at: https://www.jointcommission.org/resources/patient-safety%20topics/report-a-patient-safety-event/. Welcome to Patient Advocates. Work for a patient-focused organization. As part of its mission, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital Stanford is committed to advocating on behalf of and with our patients and families in the community and before governmental bodies to ensure that all have access to quality care. Allied Health at Stanford Health Care For more information, please contact Guest Services at 650.498.3333 or GuestServices@stanfordhealthcare.org. Stanford University Medical Center Career Site Your session will time out in 5 minutes.If you would like more time, please press the OK button. RN Patient Advocatesruns training programs for nurses who wish to assist individuals as private patient advocates and navigators as well. Copies of this information can be accessed below. We strive to advocate for children and families locally, regionally and nationally. Explore Stanford's Health Resource Hub – an online database for you to search and connect with free and reduced-cost health resources and services both within the community, and at Stanford Health Care, Stanford School of Medicine, and Stanford University. Our highly experienced, ME/CFS-specialized team includes physicians and physician assistants who are dedicated to our ME/CFS patients full-time. Join to Connect Stanford Health Care. Patient Advocate at Stanford Health Care Newark, California, United States. Through Stanford Health Care's vision to heal humanity through science and compassion, one patient at a time, ensuring that all patients are treated with dignity and respect is a priority. "The Million Dollar Cesarean and the Power of Patient Storytelling," Stanford Medicine X, ePatient Ignite, Stanford Health Care, September 15-17, 2017 " OBGYN 282 Guest Lecturer: Placenta Accreta and the Patient Experience of High Risk Obstetrics ," Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford… The People's Center CHWs guided patients through the process, from making a virtual appointment to accessing the technology on their personal devices to meeting with their doctor and determining a treatment plan. Lisa Blue / E+ / Getty Images. Get the iPhone MyHealth app » M/C 5603 Access your health information from any device with MyHealth. Stanford Children's Health has 1,058 medical staff, 5,005 employees and 575 volunteers. Guest Services provides patients with a warm welcome, assistance with hospital and clinic navigation, and a wealth of patient support information. Our C-I-CARE philosophy recognizes the impact our contributions can have on every patient that comes to Stanford Health Care. Apply to Customer Service Representative, Translator/Interpreter, Patient Services Representative and more! They also ensured patients had the right technology and were comfortable using it on a regular basis for their health-care needs. Apply for Patient Admin Specialist II - Patient Access to Healthcare job with Stanford Health Care in Newark, Calfornia, USA. Office of Quality Monitoring The Joint Commission Get the Android MyHealth app ». Dr. Perez's impactful efforts in health policy at the California state level has brought together his commitment to patient advocacy, patient safety, resident trainee education, and community outreach. Last updated February 26th, 2020 The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS… Thank you for sharing your thoughts with the Patient Relations department at Stanford Health Care. Complaints stem from minor issues that can typically be resolved by staff present at the time the concern is voiced, while grievances are more serious and generally require investigation into allegations regarding the quality of patient care. For this reason, patients travel from around the world to access the expert care offered here. COVID-19 Updates: What We're Doing to Keep You Safe » COVID-19 Resources » Updated Visitor Policy ». One of our groups that speerheads advocacy is the Stanford University's Families at the Border (FATB), formed on July 2019 … You can message your clinic, view lab results, schedule an appointment, and pay your bill. To better understand patient rights and their responsibilities, information is available through a variety of ways such as posters in all clinical areas, brochures, braille booklets, and … This person is often a nurse, social worker, geriatric care manager or other health care professional who can help you navigate the health care system, including dealing with clinicians, understanding your condition and treatment options, and even helping with health insurance issues. In addition to clinical trials that accept healthy participants, there are other clinical studies at Stanford Medicine that also seek healthy participants. Apply for Medical Assistant / Patient Care Coord I - Dermatology job with Stanford Health Care in Redwood City, Calfornia, USA. Upon receipt of the forms a staff person will call the family to assess the patient's needs and to determine what services are required; Additional Resources. Get the Android MyHealth app ». Patient Advocates, also known as Patient Navigators or Healthcare Navigators work directly for a patient, helping that person get the best healthcare possible from his or her doctors, hospitals and others who actually provide the care the patient needs. Call 250-919-3983 or email info@canadianhealthadvocatesinc.ca. MyHealth will help guide you through your hospital stay by providing you with features that will keep you informed about your care. A group of dedicated pediatric residents and faculty regularly engage in efforts to advocacte for programs and policies that promote the health and wellbeing of vulnerable children and families. Patient Advocate Foundation (PAF) programs and services are fully operational. While private patient advocacy is a growing career, patient advocates are still not easy to find.. One website, AdvoConnection, provides a searchable directory of advocates who offer a variety of kinds of help to patients and caregivers, such as medical, hospital bedside assistance, insurance denials or claims, billing reviews and more. Sonoma (California) State University… Explore how C-I-CARE is implemented into the Stanford Health Care culture. Stanford's Health Resource Hub. To better understand patient rights and their responsibilities, information is available through a variety of ways such as posters in all clinical areas, brochures, braille booklets, and audio files. Stanford Health Care delivers world-renowned advanced medical care unparalleled anywhere else. The mission of Stanford Medicine Abilities Coalition (SMAC) is to To combat health inequities and improve access to care and services for patients with disabilities Foster and advocate for the equal treatment and well-being of everyone at Stanford Medicine, regardless of differences. Program Overview. Please let us know what suggestions or comments you have that will help us enhance and improve your experience at Stanford Health Care. Get the iPhone MyHealth app » As the coronavirus spreads across the country, PAF wants to make sure you have answers and resources to support you during this uncertain and stressful time. Dr. Perez's academic research has focused on health disparities in pediatric anesthesia clinical care. 1. 300 Pasteur Drive Toggle navigation View All Information for Patients & Visitors », Your Rights and Responsibilities as a Patient – English (PDF), Sus derechos y responsabilidades como paciente – Spanish (PDF), Права и обязанности пациентов – Russian (PDF), Quyền và Trách Nhiệm của Quý Vị với tư cách là Bệnh Nhân – Vietnamese (PDF), Your Rights and Responsibilities as a Patient – English (WAV), Sus derechos y responsabilidades como paciente – Spanish (WAV). Access your health information from any device with MyHealth. Manage your everyday care and stay connected to your health With MyHealth, managing your care has never been easier. Stanford Research Registry The Stanford Research Registry connects people like you, with teams conducting research, to improve health care. Multidisciplinary diabetes faculty from Stanford, 12 other academic institutions across the United States and the diabetes patient advocacy organization DiaTribe present free CME/CE accredited webinars that provide urgent information and updated data on complex diabetes care … Patient Advocates is a community of nurses and other professionals who employers and patients count on to navigate the health care system. The complexity of the health care system has given rise to a new professional: the patient advocate. Advocacy. 305 Patient Advocate jobs available in Stanford, CA on Indeed.com. Via mail: Patient Advocates Our Patient Advocate program seeks to personally give you and your family the security of knowing someone is available to focus on your individual concerns and rights as … Passing the examination for Board Certified Patient Advocate creates and promotes competence and professionalism in the field of patient advocacy, provides formal recognition on behalf of practicing patient advocates and enhances consumer safety, ensuring patients have a … Your Rights and Responsibilities as a Patient. We strive to provide a comfortable, caring and professional presence, while utilizing problem solving skills and effective communication, to achieve resolution to concerns. Healthcare organizations must develop processes for addressing patient complaints and grievances in order to comply with federal regulations and accreditation standards, as well as to protect patients and reduce liability. As of this morning, the 26-hospital Advocate Aurora system had 1,118 COVID patients, with the top two being 162 at Advocate Christ Medical Center in … Mission Statement: Within the Stanford Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, the mission of the Global Anesthesia Division is to expand patient advocacy locally and across the globe through collaborative partnerships, ethical clinical engagement, … As a neutral party our team objectively investigates, initiates internal reviews, and documents issues brought to our attention, with the goal of achieving the best outcome for our patients, families, and the organization. There are organizations that focus on healthcare, insurance, and payment system problems, even placement in rehab or nursing homes. Our services include: Innovative Patient Advocacy & Disease Management; Health Plan Design & Administration Though we specialize in countless areas, five in particular are most recognized. Monday – Friday, 8:30 a.m. – 5:00 p.m. (PST). Stanford, CA 94305, Patient Relations Business Hours: Through Stanford Health Care's vision to heal humanity through science and compassion, one patient at a time, ensuring that all patients are treated with dignity and respect is a priority. Our Destination Services Include: Cancer Center; Cardiovascular Health; Neuroscience You can message your clinic, view lab results, schedule an appointment, and pay your bill. 2. Please refer to The Joint Commission website at jointcommission.org for additional information. CHAI's professional health advocates help you navigate the Canadian healthcare system. Our clients value the level of choice and the uncompromising attention that they receive. Patient Relations Because the patient advocate works directly for the patient, the advocate's allegiance can be focused on the patient. One Renaissance Blvd. Patient Care Stanford Health Care is devoted to providing the highest quality care to our ME/CFS patients and their families.
Cute Koala Coloring Pages, Drunk Elephant Marula Oil Acne, Boy Fashion Shoes, A Raisin In The Sun Book Pdf, Ghd Shining Serum, Slug Identification Chart, Bowflex 1090 Review,


text:
HSE issue warning after Covid-19 outbreak linked to use of electric fan inside
Electric fans have been in high demand throughout the country during the ongoing heatwave, with them sold out across the nation as temperatures have hit over 29 degrees
Erica Carter
Get the latest showbiz news and gossip every day by signing up to our FREE newsletter
The HSE have urged the public to take "extra care" when using fans to cool themselves down during the heatwave that Ireland is currently dealing with.
Temperatures have topped 29 degrees on some days and there isn't even a respite at night time either with 'tropical' nights being recorded earlier this week.
Many have turned to the trusty fan to help try prevent the heat from becoming unbearable, with them being sold out in many retailers across the country.
But the Department of Public Health Mid-West has said this could cause issues.
In a statement, the Department said they "would like to advise the public to take extra care with the correct use of pedestal fans in order to efficiently ventilate rooms and work spaces.
RTÉ star Oliver Callan's personal life, family and relationship after coming out on live TV
Love Island winner and Olympian Greg O'Shea - his personal life, new girlfriend and career
"In line with WHO ventilation guidance, the Government's Work Safely Protocol , and the Department of Public Health Mid-West's Safe Work Stops Covid guidebook, fans should not be used in poorly ventilated spaces as they could circulate virus droplets and aerosols.
"Using pedestal fans close to an open window can bring more clean air into a room, but they should only be used if the ventilation rate is right for the room and occupancy. Otherwise, it may spread particles."
The HSE even gave an example of one workplace outbreak where staff who were working in a kitchen were socially distanced.
However, they were not wearing masks and were in a poorly-ventilated space with a pedestal fan.
The poor ventilation and the use of a pedestal fan were major contributing factors in this situation, and all kitchen staff were infected.
Dr Marie Casey, Specialist in Public Health Medicine , said: "We appreciate that there is an additional demand for fans, particularly in workplaces amid the surge in high temperatures. If you are using a fan, please ensure that it can be used to bring more clean air into the room, instead of circulating poor quality or contaminated air in a room with a high occupancy of people and workers."
Fans praise The Chase's Mark Labbett as he shows off ten stone weight loss in new picture
Anna Geary's loved up home life with husband Kevin Sexton


These pure felt cotton Indy hats are perfect for any costume and at a budget cost! They are crushable so will take no room up in you luggage and are also water resistent so they are super protective! Not only that but they're super comfortable with a cotton sweatband. Finish your costume without breaking the bank!
Right click and click "open in new tab" to see a bigger image!
Hats are non-exchangeable, you would have to send the item back to us for refund and then place a new order. This is due to the shipping costs being too high for exchanges on hats.


Only one things I liked about Kill Dill that is its title track.
Average Song..!! and yes..Pareeniti's expressions and looks are hot..
Pari for the first time in glamorous avtar..
But I can guarantee movie will be underperformer and mostly flop..


text:
Q: Show that for every interval $(a,b)$, the intersection of C (Cantor set) with $(a,b)$ is empty or uncountable My try:
Case I
Let $(a,b)$ such that for any subinterval of $C = \bigcap_{m=0}^{\infty}F_m$, $[\frac{n}{3m},\frac{n+1}{3m}]<(a,b)<[\frac{n+2}{3m},\frac{n+3}{3m}]$ for some $n \in \mathbb{N}$
then $C\bigcap(a,b)=\emptyset$
Case II
If $C \bigcap (a,b)\neq \emptyset$ then because we know that for any open interval $(a,b)$ that intersects $C$ contains some subinterval of some $F_m$, the subinterval $[\frac{n}{3m},\frac{n+1}{3m}]⊆(a,b)$.
Suppose that two binary functions in base three $f,g \in[\frac{n}{3m},\frac{n+1}{3m}]$ such that $f(p)=h(p) \; \; \;  \forall n≤p≤1$ exists. And because we know that the set of binary sequences having the same initial $n$-segment is uncountable, $C \bigcap (a,b)$ must be uncountable.
I don't know if my analysis is correct (especially Case II). Any hints would be great!

A: Consider the two halves of Cantor set $C^1_1=[0,1/2]\cap C$ and $C_2^1=C\cap [1/2,1]$. Each of these is uncountable, and they "look the same" (they're homeomorphic, but that's not important) as $C$. So, we can repeat the process and split each half into halves. In general, for each $n\in\mathbb{N}$ you can find uncountable sets $C_i^n$ for $i=1,2,\dots,2^n$ such that each $C_i^n$ has diameter $\le 2^{-n}$ and $C=\bigcup_{i=1}^n C_i^n$.
Granted this, let $I$ be an open interval with $I\cap C\neq \emptyset$. Pick a point $x\in I\cap C$. Let $\varepsilon>0$ be such that $(x-\varepsilon,x+\varepsilon)\subset I$. Pick $n$ with $2^{-n}<\varepsilon$. There exists an $i\le 2^{n}$ with $x\in C^n_i$. Then we have that $C^n_i\subset I$, so that $C\cap I\supset C^n_i$, which is uncountable (in fact of size continuum, but eh).

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange