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Author or Editor: James D. Metzger x
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Vernalization in a Greenhouse Promotes and Synchronizes Flowering of Osteospermum ecklonis Norl.
Ayumi Suzuki and James D. Metzger
The effect of cool temperature treatments on flowering of Osteospermum ecklonis Norl. cv. Nairobi was evaluated. Plants vernalized at temperatures from 4 to 15 °C for 4 to 6 weeks exhibited increased flower numbers, more synchronized flower development among individual plants, and reduced forcing times. Part of the increased flower number observed in the vernalized plants could be attributed to a small increase in branch numbers from 2 to 3. However, a longer period of vernalization slowed flower development, and therefore increased overall production times. Vernalization also reduced stem growth, primarily through a reduction in the number of nodes produced by each branch.
In HortScience Volume 36 (2001): Issue 4 (Jul 2001)
Physical and Chemical Characteristics of a Commercial Potting Substrate Amended with Vermicompost Produced from Two Different Manure Sources
Gary R. Bachman and James D. Metzger
Interest in using alternative materials for potting substrate is increasing in response to availability and rising costs of peat and other conventional materials. Vermicompost (VC) is one such material. It is important to understand physical and chemical changes in potting substrate when amended with VC produced from different waste sources, pig (PVC) and beef cattle (BVC) manure in this study. Distribution of particles greater than 2 mm decreased, particles 0.5 to 1 mm increased, and particles less than 0.5 mm remained unchanged as PVC and BVC amendment increased. Dry bulk density and water-holding capacity increased with increasing PVC and BVC amendment. Porosity and air volume were inversely related to VC amendment, decreasing with increasing VC amendment. Saturated substrate extract sampling revealed nitrate nitrogen, phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, zinc, copper, iron content as well as electrical conductivity increased with increasing PVC and BVC amendment.
In HortTechnology Volume 17 (2007): Issue 3 (Jan 2007)
Impact of Vermicompost on Vegetable Transplant Quality
Lindsay C. Paul and James D. Metzger
Vermicomposting is a promising method of transforming unwanted and virtually unlimited supplies of organic wastes into usable substrates. In this process, the digestive tracts of certain earthworm species (e.g., Eisenia fetida) are used to stabilize organic wastes. The final product is an odorless peat-like substance, which has good structure, moisture-holding capacity, relatively large amounts of available nutrients, and microbial metabolites that may act as plant growth regulators. For these reasons, vermicompost has the potential to make a valuable contribution to soilless potting media. The objective of this study was to evaluate the transplant quality and field performance of vegetable transplants grown in vermicompost. Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.), eggplant (Solanum melongena L.), and pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) transplants were grown in a commercial soilless mix including 0%, 10%, or 20% (v/v) worm-worked cattle manure. Growth of vegetable transplants was positively affected by addition of vermicompost, perhaps by altering the nutritional balance of the medium. Transplant quality was improved in peppers and eggplants while tomato transplant quality was slightly reduced. There were no significant differences in field performance.
In HortScience Volume 40 (2005): Issue 7 (Dec 2005)
Maternal Light Environment During Seed Development Affects Lettuce Seed Weight, Germinability, and Storability
Samuel Contreras, Mark A. Bennett, James D. Metzger and David Tay
Seed germinability and storability are important aspects of seed quality determined by the genotype and environment of seed development. Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) is produced commercially in most temperate and subtropical areas of the world. The objective of this study was to determine how photoperiod and light quality of the mother plant environment affects lettuce seed quality. Seeds of cv. Tango were produced in growth chambers under one of two treatments: a) short day (SD), consisting of 8 hours of fluorescent light (≈310 μmol·m−2·s−1) plus 16 hours of darkness daily, and b) long day (LD), consisting of 4 hours of incandescent light (≈21 μmol·m−2·s−1), 8 hours of fluorescent light, 4 hours of incandescent light, and 8 hours of darkness daily. The red to far-red ratio was ≈6.8 and 1.0 for the fluorescent and incandescent light, respectively. In both treatments, the temperature was 23 °C. The LD treatment produced significantly heavier seeds; however, germination at optimal conditions (20 °C-light) was similar for both treatments. Germinability (percentage and rates) at suboptimal conditions (30 °C, 20 °C with different external ABA concentrations, negative osmotic potentials, or dark) was higher for seeds produced under the LD treatment. On the other hand, seeds produced under the LD treatment presented better storability (evaluated by the accelerated aging test and standard germination after storage at 30 °C and 74% RH). The critical period for light environment effects was also studied. Seed weight patterns were determined early in seed development, during the first 6 days after flowering. Conversely, light environment effects on seed germinability and storability were determined at the end of seed development, after physiological maturity, which occurred by 11 days after flowering. These results show that lettuce seed germinability and storability may be modified by management of light conditions during seed production and provide useful information for seed producers, seed companies, and seed conservation institutions.
In HortScience Volume 43 (2008): Issue 3 (Jun 2008)
Anthocyanin Production Using Rough Bluegrass Treated with High-Intensity Light
Dominic P. Petrella, James D. Metzger, Joshua J. Blakeslee, Edward J. Nangle and David S. Gardner
Anthocyanins are plant pigments that are in demand for medicinal and industrial uses. However, anthocyanin production is limited due to the harvest potential of the species currently used as anthocyanin sources. Rough bluegrass (Poa trivialis L.) is a perennial turfgrass known for accumulating anthocyanins, and may have the potential to serve as a source of anthocyanins through artificial light treatments. The objectives of this research were to determine optimal light conditions that favor anthocyanin synthesis in rough bluegrass, and to determine the suitability of rough bluegrass as a source of anthocyanins. When exposed to high-intensity white light, rough bluegrass increased anthocyanin content by 100-fold on average, and anthocyanin contents greater than 0.2% of dry tissue weight were observed in some samples. Blue light, at intensities between 150 and 250 μmol·m−2·s−1, was the only wavelength that increased anthocyanin content. However, when red light was applied with blue light at 30% or 50% of the total light intensity, anthocyanin content was increased compared with blue light alone. Further experiments demonstrated that these results may be potentially due to a combination of photosynthetic and photoreceptor-mediated regulation. Rough bluegrass is an attractive anthocyanin production system, since leaf tissue can be harvested while preserving meristematic tissues that allow new leaves to rapidly grow; thereby allowing multiple harvests in a single growing season and greater anthocyanin yields.
In HortScience Volume 51 (2016): Issue 9 (Sep 2016)
Weed Suppression in Pumpkin by Mulches Composed of Organic Municipal Waste Materials
Caitlin E. Splawski, Emilie E. Regnier, S. Kent Harrison, Mark A. Bennett and James D. Metzger
Field studies were conducted in 2011 and 2012 to compare mulch treatments of shredded newspaper, a combination of shredded newspaper plus turfgrass clippings (NP + grass), hardwood bark chips, black polyethylene plastic, and bare soil on weeds, insects, soil moisture, and soil temperature in pumpkins. Newspaper mulch or black plastic reduced total weed biomass ≥90%, and woodchip or NP + grass mulch each reduced total weed biomass 78% compared with bare soil under high rainfall conditions in 2011. In 2012, under low rainfall, all mulches reduced weed biomass 97% or more compared with bare soil. In both years, all mulches resulted in higher squash bug infestations than bare soil. The woodchip, newspaper, and NP + grass mulches retained higher soil moistures than bare soil or black plastic over the course of each growing season, and the woodchip and NP + grass mulches caused greatest fluctuations in soil temperature. Pumpkin yields were abnormally low in 2011 and did not differ among treatments. In 2012, all mulches produced greater total marketable pumpkin fruit weights compared with bare soil, but only black plastic, newspaper, and NP + grass mulches resulted in greater total numbers of marketable pumpkins. Overall results indicate that shredded newspaper or NP + grass mulches may be useful for organic and/or small-scale urban crop producers as sustainable alternatives to black plastic mulch; however, their weed suppression efficacy may require higher application rates with increasing moisture conditions, and they may require greater squash bug control measures than under bare soil conditions.
The Effect of PcGA2ox Overexpression on Creeping Bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.): Performance under Various Light Environments
Aneta K. Studzinska, David S. Gardner, James D. Metzger, David Shetlar, Robert Harriman and T. Karl Danneberger
Turf grown in shade exhibits increased stem elongation. Dwarfism could improve turfgrass quality by reducing elongation. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of GA2-oxidase (GA2ox) overexpression on creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.) performance under restricted light conditions and low mowing heights. Greenhouse studies were conducted at The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, from 1 Sept. to 31 Oct. in both 2008 and 2009. Two experimental lines, Ax6548 and Ax6549, transformed with CP4 EPSPS and PcGA2ox gene; and a nontransformed control (NTC) was subjected to four light environments: full sun, reduced red to far red light ratio (R:FR), neutral shade [reduced photosynthetic photon flux (PPF)], and canopy shade (reduced PPF and R:FR). Turf was evaluated every 10 days for color and percent coverage. GA2ox overexpression resulted in darker green color in both transgenic lines under all light treatments as compared with NTC plants. No differences in overall turfgrass coverage were noted in full sun conditions among the lines. A significant decrease in turf coverage occurred for all shade treatments regardless of line. However, Ax6549 decreased the least. Overall data indicated that GA2ox overexpression can improve quality of turfgrass under reduced light conditions.
In HortScience Volume 47 (2012): Issue 2 (Feb 2012)
083 Modification of Plant Architecture in Chrysanthemum: Reduction of Height and Increase of Branch Angle through Ectopic Expression of a Phytochrome B1 Gene
Zhi-Liang Zheng, Jyan-Chyun Jang, James D. Metzger and Zhenbiao Yang
Plant architecture is a major consideration during the commercial production of chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflora Tzvelev). We have addressed this problem through a biotechnological approach: genetic engineering of chrysanthemum cv. Iridon plants that ectopically expressed a tobacco phytochrome B1 gene under the control of the CaMV 35S promoter. The transgenic plants were shorter, greener in leaves, and had larger branch angles than wild-type (WT) plants. Transgenic plants also phenocopied WT plants grown under light condition depleted of far-red wavelengths. Furthermore, the reduction of growth by the expressed PHY-B1 transgene did not directly involve gibberellins. The commercial application of this biotechnology could provide an economic alternative to the use of chemical growth regulators, and thus reduce the production cost.
Red to Far-red Ratio During Seed Development Affects Lettuce Seed Germinability and Longevity
Samuel Contreras, Mark A. Bennett, James D. Metzger, David Tay and Haim Nerson
Thermoinhibition and photosensitivity are two characteristics of lettuce seed that frequently affect its stand. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the hypothesis that lettuce seed germinability and longevity are affected by the red to far-red light ratio (R:FR) under which seeds maturate. 'Tango' lettuce seeds were produced in growth chambers under one of two treatments: 1) red-rich light (R treatment) and 2) far-red-rich light (FR treatment). For both treatments, the percentage of normal seedlings germinated at 20 °C–light was ≈100%. When germinated under the light, seeds from the R treatment exhibited a higher germination percentage and a faster germination (under a broader range of temperatures) than seeds from the FR treatment. When germinated in the dark, seeds from the R treatment germinated 100% between 12 and 23 °C and over 50% at 30 °C, whereas seeds from the FR treatment germinated less than 35% between 12 and 23 °C and less than 5% at 30 °C. Seeds from the R treatment had lower abscisic acid (ABA) content and were better able to germinate when exposed to external ABA concentrations than seeds from the FR treatment. Seed longevity as assessed by the accelerated aging test was higher in seeds from the FR treatment, indicating that red-rich light was detrimental to longevity. In another experiment, lettuce seeds that developed under similar conditions were harvested at approximately the moment of maximum dry weight accumulation and desiccated in dark, far-red, red, or fluorescent + incandescent light. Seeds desiccated under red light exhibited higher dark germination than the other treatments; however, no differences were observed in thermoinhibition or longevity. These results suggest that lettuce seed produced in an environment with a high R:FR light ratio will exhibit reduced thermoinhibition and photosensitivity as compared with production in a lower R:FR light environment.
Impact of Nitrogen Source and Trinexapac-ethyl Application on Creeping Bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.) Physiology under Neutral Shade, Deciduous Tree Shade, and Full Sunlit Conditions
Edward J. Nangle, David S. Gardner, James D. Metzger, John R. Street and T. Karl Danneberger
Decreased light quantity or quality affects the growth of turfgrass plants. Shade causes thinning of turfgrass stands and loss in surface quality. Plant changes include increased chlorophyll levels, lower soluble sugars, and loss of canopy cover. The objective of this research was to investigate if applications of foliar nitrogen and trinexapac-ethyl [4-(cyclopropyl-α-hydroxy-methylene)-3,5-dioxo-cyclohexane carboxylic acid ethyl ester] (TE) would result in beneficial biochemical changes in creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L. cv. Penncross) grown in different shaded environments. Foliar applications of three nitrogen treatments, (NH2)2CO, Ca(NO3)2, or (NH4)2SO4, were made weekly at 0.43 g N/m2. Growth regulator treatments consisted of an untreated control or TE applied biweekly at an a.i. rate of 0.057 kg·ha−1. Plots were established in full sun (FS), neutral shade (NS), and deciduous shade (DS). Chlorophyll content, soluble carbohydrates, flavonoids, clipping yield, and color were measured. Nitrogen treatments caused some variation in levels of soluble carbohydrates in shaded conditions. Chlorophyll (Chl) levels varied between TE treatments, with increased levels of chlorophyll b (Chl b) found in TE-treated plots under FS. Application of TE resulted in higher flavonoid concentrations in leaf tissue in shaded conditions. Repeated applications of (NH2)2CO significantly improved color (P = 0.05). Turfgrass managers maintaining creeping bentgrass in shade may benefit from applications of TE and (NH2)2CO.


text:
Super P Force
Brand:Sunrise Remedies Pvt Ltd
Product Code:Super p force
Select dosage --- Please Select --- Super P force 100 mg/ 60 mg
180 Tablet/s ($191.00)
What is Super P Force
Super P Force is an excellent combination of powerful drugs. Like Sildenafil Citrate and Dapoxetine. This drug combination is highly effective in relieving erectile dysfunction (ED). Even premature ejaculation (PE).
Super P Force has unbelievably helped several men. It combats premature ejaculation and ED disorders. This drug consists of an active component Sildenafil Citrate 100mg and Dapoxetine 60 mg. Which delays ejaculations and also provides erection for sufficient time.
Super P-Force tablets can be taken safely by men of all ages. Combating with sexual dysfunction issues to experience better sexual activity and health. Super P-Force is the most potent drug available to treat two disorders altogether at once.
This even provides the drug with a broad spectrum of treating different individuals. With just once a drug for several ED issues. The reason for erectile dysfunction can actually vary in each individual. But irrespective of the cause now treatment is just one which is super P-Force.
How does Super P Force actually work?
Super P-Force 100mg/60mg tablets consist of two potent and active drugs sildenafil (Viagra) and dapoxetine (Priligy). Both drugs help in treating erectile dysfunction and premature ejaculation.
Super P-Force helps in achieving or maintaining an erection of the penis. By increasing the supply of sufficient blood flow into the penis. Sildenafil citrate Viagra in Super P-Force inhibits PDE5 action and activates. The cGMP mechanism which erects the penis.
Whereas Dapoxetine Priligy in super P-Force acts as a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor or SSRI which is the preferred choice as an antidepressant. Once serotonin re-uptake is blocked it makes more serotonin available and enables longer nerve cell communication with each other.
It finally prolongs the ability to maintain sexual activity. By preventing early ejaculation. Maintaining control over it for a longer duration than usual. But due to its rapid onset of action.
Dapoxetine Priligy is formulated in combination with a drug to treat premature ejaculation. Hence both the drugs in combination though act differently. In mechanisms but can control two different sexual disorders together.
Priligy increases the time that it takes to ejaculate. Ensures effective ejaculation control. It begins to work, then it takes when you want to have sex or even every day. You need to take it 1-3 hours before having sex.
Dosage and its impact:
Super P-Force is a combination drug consisting of 100mg of Sildenafil Citrate and 60mg of Dapoxetine.
Effects of Generic Sildenafil citrate appears usually within 30 minutes after consuming the drug. Whereas the effects of Dapoxetine appear within 60 minutes after consuming it.
Since there is a difference in the action mechanism and timing of both the component drugs of Super P-Force. Hence, the desired effects can be achieved within 1 hour. Although, effects begin to appear within 30 to 40 minutes after consuming it.
There is no need for increasing the recommended dosage neither it is safe. Because Super P-Force is designed to provide assured results. Whose effects last eventually for 4-5 hours and even longer in some cases. Its lingering effect enhances potency until the next 36 hours from the time the drug is consumed.
Super P-Force is a power pack formula to provide desired and assured results. But sexual stimulation helps in achieving the results with potency and ease.
Super P-Force pill is only for men dealing with ED issues or pre-ejaculation troubles and not for women in any way. It can actually risk a women's life.
Anyone with a medical history of cardiac issues must consult a doctor before starting with Super P-Force.
A person working in a factory or exposed to flying. Must not consume Super P-Force on a working day. Because it might cause dizziness, tremors, or vision difficulties. As side effects in some cases.
Super P-Force is extremely sensitive along with nitrate drugs. Might even lead to severe conditions like instant blood pressure fall, cardiac arrest, coma, etc.
Consulting a doctor is a must for any older men planning to consume Super P-Force.
Driving is a complete no while planning to consume Super P-Force. Even operating heavy machinery can also be risky due to dizziness, and vision troubles.
Do not consume Super P-Force if you are planning for an organ donor or a recipient.
A person with any genetic retinal diseases must avoid this drug.
Anyone dealing with depression must consult a doctor before consuming Super P-Force.
Avoid Super P-Force if you are a heart patient.
Do not consume any other ED drug along with the Super P-Force pill.
Super P-Force has its vital elements as Sildenafil and Dapoxetine. which at times might give unwanted side effects. Some of the common side effects of Super P-Force are listed below:
Vision troubles- blurred vision, high intraocular pressure. Increased sensitivity towards light and even photophobia.
The ringing of ears or tinnitus
High or low blood pressure
Priapism or painful and prolonged erection
Stuffy nose and sneezing
Dyspepsia, etc.
Although, side effects vary from person to person. So it is not mandatory for every individual to experience. Similar side effects after consuming Super P-Force. Most of the side effects subside on its own within 2-3 days of stopping the drug. But if it does not resolves then in such a case immediate medical attention must be needed.
Be very cautious to avoid any drug interactions with Super P-Force
Super P-Force is a combination drug with dual power. But it does possess certain predicted and researched interactions in the form of side effects that can be avoided.
If a person ever had any reaction with generic versions of dapoxetine or Sildenafil citrate. Precautions become even more important.
In order to avoid drug interactions:
Avoid consuming Grapefruit and pomegranate juice juices along with Super P-Force. Because some of the components of those juices interfere with the drug's mechanism and properties. So such juices must be avoided on the day Super P-Force is consumed. Whereas other citrus juices cause no harm.
Upon consuming Super P-Force immediately after meals. Heavy meals especially might reduce its action potential. But it causes no harm over the system or body. But consuming this drug at least after 1 hour of last meal can show its most potent effects. Although, Super P-Force is such a new sex drug which has the minimal impact of food. Over its action besides other available drugs of similar category.
Since Super P-Force consists of Sildenafil citrate which is a blood-thinning drug. It must never be consumed along with alcohol. Avoid interactions and unwanted effects.
Queries about the Use of Super P Force
How Super P Force should be consumed?
It acts best when consumed one hour before the sexual activity. Super P Force tablet 100mg/60mg must be swallowed with a glass of water without crushing.
Altering the formulation with or without food. Its effects last for up to 5 hours and after-effects still linger for up to 36 hours. Super P-Force tablet must only be taken once in 24 hours and only if a person plans on indulging in sexual activity.
How long can a person consume Super P Force?
Super P Force 100mg/60mg pill must only be consumed once in 24 hours. That too only prior sexual activity. It is not formulated for normal regular use without any sexual activity.
How to store Super P-Force safely?
Super P-Force tablets 100mg/60mg must be stored at a temperature of 25°C or below in a cool dry place. These tablets must be kept safe and away from the children.
Is it safe to consume Super P-Force along with other medications?
Super P Force contains two separate drugs, which is considered far more effective. For any sort of ED issue for every man taking it. But, it is not considered safe to consume any of the following medications along with Super P-Force:
Heart Medications
Anti-depressants etc.
So, consulting a doctor is always the best thing to do while consuming other medications along with Super P-Force.
How to consume Super P-Force Safely?
Your doctor can prescribe you the best as well as most effective medications. But in order to consume the drug safely always remember to read the package insert of the medication. Follow all instructions to avoid any side effects and interactions.
Although, Super P-Force is the safest drug. As per the customer reviews and testimonials. So there is no harm in trying it out and reaching out to your doctor immediately. If you observe anything different than normal or for further concerns.
Super P force oral jelly
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Tags: Super P Force, Sexual Health, Premature ejaculation & Erectile dysfunction Treatment

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
HomeLatest News & PoliticsSome politicians are planning to cause trouble on Saturday – Army
Some politicians are planning to cause trouble on Saturday – Army
March 7, 2019 Yomie Latest News & Politics, Today's Trending.... 0
The Chief of the Army Staff, Lt Gen Tukur Buratai has revealed how the military intelligence discovered the intentions of some politicians towards Saturday's elections.
Buratai stressed the politcians are ready to perpetrate acts of violence including bombings and assassinations to disrupt the peaceful conduct of the elections.
Buratai then says the army "must not allow them to succeed."
The army chief stated this on Wednesday in his opening remarks at a strategic meeting with Principal Staff Officers, General Officers Commanding and field commanders at the army headquarters in Abuja, ahead of Saturday's governorship and house of assembly elections.
Buratai said during the February 23 Presidential and National Assembly elections, some level of violence was recorded leading to "disruption of polls, burning of ballot boxes in some areas as well as loss of lives, including the death of an officer and three soldiers."
The army chief noted that hobnobbing and fraternisation with politicians during this election period was prohibited, urging "commanders to deal decisively with any electoral crime or action such as thuggery, snatching of ballot boxes, illegal possession of electoral materials and firearms as well as other crimes that would mar the smooth conduct of the election."
Don't turn Niger Delta into a battle-field – Peter Obi warns
World Bishops Council slams those begging Atiku not to challenge Buhari's victory
Only 'popular movement' can rescue Nigeria – Obasanjo
February 7, 2018 Yomie Latest News & Politics, Today's Trending.... 12
Former President Olusegun Obasanjo reaffirmed his anti-President Muhammadu Buhari battle yesterday in Lagos when he said only a popular movement can enthrone a progressive leadership required to make Nigeria a great country in Africa. He […]
FG's cash disbursement is high form of corruption – Yakubu Dogara
December 10, 2018 Yomie Latest News & Politics, Today's Trending.... 1
Yakubu Dogara, speaker of the house of representatives, has expressed worry over the distribution of cash to the public ahead of the 2019 general election. Through its TraderMoni scheme, the federal government has been giving […]
I'm ashamed Nigeria is now used as negative example – Jonathan
May 26, 2018 Yomie Latest News & Politics, Today's Trending.... 4
Former President Goodluck Jonathan says he is ashamed that Nigeria is now being used as a negative example in the international community. He cited recent instances when the Ghanaian President, Nana Akufo-Addo, mocked the poor […]


text:
extern NSString * const ENNoteViewRequestErrorDomain;

enum {
  ENNoteViewRequestUnsupportedCommand = -4000,
  ENNoteViewRequestInvalidFormat = -4001,
};

@interface ENNoteViewRequest : NSObject<ENApplicationRequest> {
	NSString *_noteID;
	NSString *_shardID;
  NSUInteger _userID;
  NSString *_linkedNotebookID;
  NSString *_searchTerms;
}

@property (assign, nonatomic) NSUInteger userID;
@property (strong, nonatomic) NSString *noteID;
@property (strong, nonatomic) NSString *shardID;
@property (strong, nonatomic) NSString *linkedNotebookID;
@property (strong, nonatomic) NSString *searchTerms;
@property (nonatomic,copy) NSString* consumerKey;

+ (ENNoteViewRequest *) noteViewRequestWithNoteID:(NSString *)noteID;
+ (ENNoteViewRequest *) noteViewRequestWithNoteID:(NSString *)noteID searchTerms:(NSString *)searchTerms;
+ (ENNoteViewRequest *) noteViewRequestWithURL:(NSURL *)url
                                         error:(NSError **)outError;

@end

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Q: Interaction.Triggers inside checkbox in datagrid auto trigger I want to ask why Checked event triggered whenever I scroll down the datagrid with checkbox inside of it. Below is the code that I'm using:
<DataGrid x:Name="dgUser" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Margin="10,243,0,0" VerticalAlignment="Top" Width="433"
              ItemsSource="{Binding Person, Mode=TwoWay}" AutoGenerateColumns="False" Height="216"
              SelectedItem="{Binding SelectedPerson, Mode=TwoWay}">
        <DataGrid.Columns>
            <DataGridTemplateColumn Header="ALL">
                <DataGridTemplateColumn.CellTemplate>
                    <DataTemplate>
                        <CheckBox IsChecked="{Binding IsChecked, Mode=TwoWay, UpdateSourceTrigger=PropertyChanged}">
                            <i:Interaction.Triggers>
                                <i:EventTrigger EventName="Checked">
                                    <mvvm:EventToCommand Command="{Binding DataContext.CheckAllUser,
                                                        RelativeSource={RelativeSource AncestorType={x:Type DataGrid}}}" />
                                </i:EventTrigger>
                                <i:EventTrigger EventName="Unchecked">
                                    <mvvm:EventToCommand Command="{Binding DataContext.UnCheckAllUser,
                                                        RelativeSource={RelativeSource AncestorType={x:Type DataGrid}}}" />
                                </i:EventTrigger>
                            </i:Interaction.Triggers>
                        </CheckBox>
                    </DataTemplate>
                </DataGridTemplateColumn.CellTemplate>
            </DataGridTemplateColumn>
            <DataGridTextColumn Header="UserName" Binding="{Binding Path=User.UserName}" />
            <DataGridTextColumn Header="Email" Binding="{Binding Path=User.Email}" />
        </DataGrid.Columns>
    </DataGrid>

below is the screenshot of my screen.

A:
I want to ask why Checked event triggered whenever I scroll down the datagrid with checkbox inside of it.

Because of virtualization. Only the visual elements of the currently visible rows are kept in memory, and as you scroll the containers are reused for other items.
So when you scroll a row into view, the IsChecked property of the CheckBox gets set to the value of the IsChecked source property and then the Checked event is raised.
You can disable the virtualization by setting the VirtualizingPanel.IsVirtualizing attached property of the DataGrid to false:
<DataGrid x:Name="dgUser" ... VirtualizingPanel.IsVirtualizing="False">

Note that this may affect the scrolling performance negatively though.
The other option would to handle the logic of exeucting the command in the setter of the IsChecked source property and get rid of the interaction triggers in the view. In the setter you can easily determine whether the property is actually set to a new value.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Phil was diagnosed with chondrosarcoma in his left leg.
Phil Youngren is a sweet, 81-year-young man who was diagnosed with chondrosarcoma in his left leg in May of 2013. For a couple of years, Phil's leg had been hurting but he and his doctors could not figure out why. When an MRI in his home town of Boulder indicated something wasn't right, which a biopsy later confirmed, Phil was referred to orthopedic oncologist Dr. Cynthia Kelly of the Colorado Limb Consultants in Denver. After trying several surgical procedures to save his leg, Phil made the brave choice to move forward with an above knee amputation.
Throughout his treatment, Phil had great support from his family, his church (Mountain View United Methodist) and his medical team. He is very grateful to Dr. Kelly, as well as to physiatrist, Dr. Noel So, and prosthetist, Zach Harvey with Creative Technology OPS. Phil looks forward to moving better with his prosthesis so that he can continue flying radio controlled model aircrafts, a love he has had since eight years of age. He also looks forward to being able to walk the nature trails around Boulder! In the meantime, he has his volunteer work to keep him busy! Phil finds volunteering deeply rewarding and has served at Hospice Boulder and the Boulder Community Food Share.
The Limb Preservation Foundation is privileged to have supported Phil in his recovery through the funding of research in the area of limb-preservation.
Is that a dog or a polar bear? You might have to do a double take when you see Dancer for the first time! This seven-year-old Malamute was diagnosed with osteosarcoma in his right front leg in December of 2014. Because of Dancer's size, his mom elected to do a limb-salvage procedure instead of an amputation, in addition to chemotherapy. This treatment has seemed to work well for Dancer, who continues to love being the center of attention. In fact, Dancer shared his life moto with us during our photoshoot: "My job is to be adorable and your job is to adore me!" Well, Dancer, it's hard not to!


text:
Liposuction Practices among Brazilian Surgeons
Condutas em lipoaspiração entre cirurgiões brasileiros
Souza GMC, Costa SM, Resende MHL, Sobral CS, Ferreira LM. Liposuction Practices among Brazilian Surgeons. Rev. Bras. Cir. Plást.2018;33(2):181-186
Gustavo Moreira Costa de Souza
Sérgio Moreira da Costa
Márcio Henrique Lima Resende
Christiane Steponavicius Sobral
Lydia Masako Ferreira
Original Article - Year2018 - Volume33 - Issue 2
Gustavo Moreira Costa de Souza1,2*; Sérgio Moreira da Costa1; Márcio Henrique Lima Resende1; Christiane Steponavicius Sobral2; Lydia Masako Ferreira2
http://www.dx.doi.org/10.5935/2177-1235.2018RBCP0093
Introduction: Since the 1980s, with Illouz, liposuction has gained popularity and represents one of the most commonly performed procedures in the world today. Some of the complications are serious and potentially lethal. Nevertheless, uniformity in its practice or the manner in which it is taught does not exist. Evaluating techniques employed by plastic surgeons may be the start toward standardization.
Methods: A questionnaire on liposuction was given to plastic surgeons of different age groups and from regions of Brazil who were present at the 52nd Brazilian Conference for Plastic Surgery.
Results: Two hundred forty-three questionnaires were filled out (n = 243). The average number of incisions was 9 (2-16). Two hundred forty-one surgeons (99%) made incisions along the anterior median/paramedian line, and 236 (97%) made incisions on the posterior median/paramedian line. Approximately half of those surveyed utilized general anesthesia. Two hundred nine surgeons (86%) placed the patient in the prone position during the procedure. One hundred forty-six (60%) interviewees performed superficial liposuction, with 22 (9%) performing liposuction only on this adipose layer. Eighty-five (35%) participants reported controlling the apparatus's pressure during the procedure.
Conclusion: Liposuction procedures performed in Brazil have significant technical variations. This finding encourages us to reflect on the need to standardize liposuction practice and the manner in which it is taught so as to increase control over the procedure and its safety.
Keywords: Lipectomy; Subcutaneous abdominal fat; Dorsal; Patient positioning; Anesthesia
Introdução: Desde a década de 1980, com Illouz, a lipoaspiração ganhou popularidade e representa hoje um dos procedimentos mais realizados no mundo. Algumas de suas complicações são graves e potencialmente letais. Não existe, contudo, uma uniformidade em sua prática ou no seu ensino. A avaliação das técnicas empregadas por cirurgiões plásticos pode ser o início de uma padronização.
Métodos: Foi aplicado um questionário sobre lipoaspiração no 52º Congresso Brasileiro de Cirurgia Plástica para cirurgiões plásticos de diferentes faixas etárias e regiões do Brasil, presentes no evento.
Resultados: Foram contabilizados 243 questionários preenchidos (n = 243). O número médio de incisões foi de 9 (2 - 16). Duzentos e quarenta e um cirurgiões (99%) realizam incisões na linha mediana/paramediana anteriormente e 236 (97%) incisam na linha mediana/paramediana na região posterior. Aproximadamente metade dos questionados utilizam a anestesia geral. Duzentos e nove cirurgiões (86%) posicionam o paciente em decúbito ventral durante o procedimento. A lipoaspiração superficial é realizada por 146 (60%) entrevistados, sendo que 22 (9%) fazem a aspiração apenas desta camada adiposa. Oitenta e cinco (35%) participantes relatam controlar a pressão do aparelho durante o procedimento.
Conclusão: A lipoaspiração realizada no Brasil apresenta grande variação técnica. Essa constatação nos faz refletir sobre a necessidade de uma uniformização de sua prática e ensino a fim de aumentar o controle e a segurança do procedimento.
Palavras-chave: Lipectomia; Gordura subcutânea abdominal; Dorso; Posicionamento do paciente; Anestesia
Charles Dujarier first performed liposuction in the 1920s by curettage of adipose tissues1. At the time, it presented a great number of complications.
In 1982, Illouz2 revolutionized the procedure by using a rhombus instrument connected to a suction device. This technique gained considerable popularity for drastically reducing complications. Today, it is the best treatment for adipose tissue. In the 1990s, Klein3 introduced the tumescent liposuction method, and Zocchi4 reported the use of ultrasound-assisted liposuction.
In 2015, it was the second most commonly performed plastic surgery in the world, with 1,394,588 cases according to the International Society for Aesthetic Plastic Surgery (ISAPS). In Brazil, it was the most commonly performed plastic surgery, with 182,765 cases5.
The Brazilian Society of Plastic Surgery exhibits similar numbers, with liposuction accounting for one-third (32%) of all procedures performed by surgical specialists in the country6. Nearly 16.07% of the legal cases in plastic surgery are due to liposuction6.
Despite its importance, a standard for conducting the procedure7 still does not exist, much less a uniformity in teaching surgeons in training.
Liposuction has potentially lethal complications. Grazer and Jong8 reported that the cause in 23% of the deaths was pulmonary thromboembolism, followed by abdominal perforation in 14.6% of cases.
A study on standardization may reduce these complications and increase the patients' safety.
To provide a sample of liposuction practices by different plastic surgeons from Brazil.
A questionnaire (Annex 1) was given to surgeons of different age groups and from regions of Brazil who were registered and present at the 52nd Brazilian Conference for Plastic Surgery, which took place on November 12-15, 2015 in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais. The study followed the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki during its elaboration, and the participants authorized publication of the results.
A total of two hundred forty-three (n = 243) questionnaires were filled out and received.
Each interviewee was asked to perform a liposuction procedure on the anterior and posterior torso (Figure 1). The number of incisions varied from 2 to 16, with an average of 9 incisions per surgery (Figure 2). Two hundred twenty-eight (94%) surgeons preferred to position the incisions in locations covered by underwear or swimwear. One hundred eighty-five (76%) made incisions on the umbilical scar. One hundred ninety-four (80%) surgeons positioned the scar on the median/paramedian line and 18 (7.5%) made an incision on the lateral region between the anterior and posterior axillary lines.
Figure 1 - Back of questionnaire with diagram for positioning incisions.
Figure 2 - Graph demonstrating the number of incisions made by each surgeon.
Regarding movement vectors, most of the surgeons conduct movements in the medial region to both the anterior and posterior lateral regions (99% and 97%, respectively). Movement of the lateral areas to the medial region was performed by 5% and 11% of the surgeons, respectively.
Given that a large volume of fat was to be removed, 219 (90%) surgeons affirmed that they performed deep liposuction under Scarpa's fascia. At the same time, 143 (59%) surgeons advocated superficial liposuction for better body contours (Figure 3).
Figure 3 - Graph demonstrating the depth of the liposuction procedures performed by the surgeons.
Nearly half of the interviewees administered general anesthesia to perform the procedure. One hundred seven (44%) surgeons used epidural anesthesia, and 15 (6%) used spinal anesthesia.
Two hundred nine (86%) surgeons changed the patient's position during surgery using both the prone and supine positions. Just 34 (14%) surgeons performed liposuction only in the supine position (Figure 4).
Figure 4 - Graph showing the patient's position during the liposuction procedure.
One hundred twenty-six (52%) surgeons observed the pressure on the liposuction apparatus; 87 (36%) surgeons performed the procedure under controlled pressure.
A large quantitative and qualitative variation in incisions was observed. The number varied nearly by 800%. The literature defends performing the least amount of incisions possible that can allow appropriate liposuction of the desired area and the perpendicular crisscross subcutaneous tunnels9. Correct positioning of the incisions also means reducing the exposure of the resulting scars9, which has been observed in 94% of the cases.
Most surgeons provide access for the liposuction from the median/paramedian line, both in the anterior and posterior regions (99% and 97% respectively). This median/paramedian access might explain why a significant number of professionals (86%) need to change the patient's position for dorsal liposuction.
Liposuction with the patient in the prone position must be performed with an emphasis on adequate monitoring of the patient, in order to avoid potential complications such as cervical lesions, ocular lesions, air embolism, venous thromboembolism10, bradycardia, and cardiac arrest10,11. In this questionnaire, complications related to position change were 5%; however, they were all systemic and potentially serious.
Most of the interviewees (90%) performed deep liposuction, in order words, under Scarpa's fascia. Although the literature argues that superficial liposuction increases the chances of local complications such as scar contractures, skin dyschromia, and abrasions12, nearly 60% of the specialists still utilize this technique. A small portion (9%) of surgeons defended superficial liposuction only due to apprehensions regarding cavity perforation.
No anesthetic technique was predominant. The anesthesia technique administered depended on the preference of the surgeon or that of the center where the procedure was performed. However, in large-volume liposuctions, the use of general anesthesia was advised due to the important risks of vasodilation and hypertension11. General anesthesia allows more control over the utilization of drugs, the patient's movements, and the handling of air passageways13. In Brazil, we verified that the majority of the procedures were performed with general anesthesia, followed by the use of epidural anesthesia, with a considerable portion of the procedures utilizing it.
The surgeons demonstrated little preoccupation (35%) with observing and/or controlling the pressure on the liposuction apparatus. The lack of a definition of an ideal pressure in the literature to this very day leaves an important variable open. There are already authors that defend low-pressure liposuction, which would reduce blood loss and local trauma14. This fact was recently corroborated in works on lipografting that demonstrates cellular damage at elevated negative pressures (≥13.5 PSI)15. If there is a correlation among negative pressure, tissue damage, and systemic inflammatory response in the postoperative phase, controlling the pressure must be considered a routine part of the surgeons' practice.
In conclusion, liposuction practice in Brazil presents a great diversity of techniques and little standardization.
There is a need for further studies on the most performed plastic surgery procedure in Brazil. Further studies are required to improve knowledge and standardize its practice, as well as identify ideal methods of teaching it, with the objective of reducing the number of intercurrences and increasing patient safety.
Analysis and/or interpretation of data; statistical analyses; conception and design of the study; completion of surgeries and/ or experiments; writing the manuscript or critical review of its contents.
Final approval of the manuscript; conception and design of the study
MHLR
Analysis and/or interpretation of data; statistical analyses; completion of surgeries and/or experiments; writing the manuscript or critical review of its contents.
Analysis and/or interpretation of data; final approval of the manuscript.
1. Fodor PB. Reflections on lipoplasty: history and personal experience. Aesthet Surg J. 2009;29(3):226-31. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.asj.2009.02.007
2. Illouz YG. Body contouring by lipolysis: a 5-year experience with over 3000 cases. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1983;72(5):591-7. PMID: 6622564 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006534-198311000-00001
3. Klein JA. The tumescent technique. Anesthesia and modified liposuction technique. Dermatol Clin. 1990;8(3):425-37.
4. Zocchi M. Ultrasonic-assisted lipoplasty. Adv Plast Reconstr Surg. 1998;11:197-221.
5. International Society for Aesthetic Plastic Surgery (ISAPS). ISAPS International Survey on Aesthetic/Cosmetic. Hanover (NH): ISAPS; 2015 [acesso 2018 Maio 29]. Disponível em: https://www.isaps.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/2016-ISAPS-Results-1.pdf
6. Cirurgia Plástica Segura. Revista Brasileira de Cirurgia Plástica - Edição Especial 2016.
7. Khanna A, Filobbos G. Avoiding unfavorable outcomes in liposuction. Indian J Plast Surg. 2013;46(2):393-400. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0970-0358.118618
8. Grazer FM, Jong RH. Fatal outcomes from liposuction: census survey of cosmetic surgeons. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2000;105(1):436-46. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006534-200001000-00072
9. Shiffman MA. Prevention and treatment of liposuction complications. In: Shiffman MA, Di Giuseppe A, eds. Liposuction - Principles and Practice. 1st ed. New York: Springer; 2006. p. 333-41.
10. Edgcombe H, Carter K, Yarrows S. Anaesthesia in the prone position. Br J Anaesth. 2008;100(2):165-83. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bja/aem380
11. Brown J, Rogers J, Soar J. Cardiac arrest during surgery and ventilation in the prone position: a case report and systematic review. Resuscitation. 2001;50(2):233-8. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0300-9572(01)00362-8
12. Kim YH, Cha SM, Naidu S, Hwang WJ. Analysis of postoperative complications for superficial liposuction: a review of 2398 cases. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2011;127(2):863-71. PMID: 21285789 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/PRS.0b013e318200afbf
13. American Society of Plastic Surgeons (ASAPS). Practice Advisory on Liposuction: Executive Summary; Arlington Heights: ASAPS; 2003 [acesso 2018 Maio 29]. Disponível em: https://www.plasticsurgery.org/documents/medical-professionals/health-policy/key-issues/Executive-Summary-on-Liposuction.pdf
14. Elam MV, Packer D, Schwab J. Reduced negative pressure liposuction (RNPL): Could less be more? Int J Aesth Restor Surg. 1997;5:101-4.
15. Shiffman MA, Mirrafati S. Fat transfer techniques: the effect of harvest and transfer methods on adipocyte viability and review of the literature. Dermatol Surg. 2001;27(9):819-26.
Questionnaire.
Name: ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
E mail: ___________________________________________________
Aspiring: _____ Specialist: _____ Official:_____
1 - Do you work with liposuction?
( ) YES ( ) NO
2 - Have you ever had a case of death related to liposuction?
3 - If yes, what was the primary problem?
4 - Have you ever had a systemic complication in liposuction?
5 - If so, what was it?
6 - What was the outcome/sequela?
7 - What type of anesthesia do you prefer for liposuction?
8 - Do you change the patient's position to the prone position to perform dorsal liposuction?
9 - Have you ever had a specific complication arise from this moment? What was it?
10 - What incision do you make to perform liposuction in the thoracic dorsal region?
11 - What incision do you make to perform liposuction in the sacral lumbar region?
12 - What incision do you make to perform liposuction in the abdomen?
13 - What incision do you make to perform liposuction in the flank?
14 - If you have had a case of perforation, where was it located? What was the incision?
15 - Do you perform deep liposuction? Why?
16 - Do you perform superficial liposuction? Why?
17 - Have you ever had local complications in liposuction? What were they?
18 - Do you know the negative pressure value of your liposuction apparatus?
19 - Do you regulate or control the pressure on the apparatus during the procedure?
20 - If so, what do you consider to be the ideal liposuction pressure?
1. Hospital Felício Rocho, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
2. Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
Institution: Hospital Felício Rocho, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
Corresponding author: Gustavo Moreira Costa de Souza
Rua Timbiras, 3642/504 - Barro Preto
Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil Zip Code 30140-062
E-mail: gustavomcsouza@gmail.com
Article received: June 27, 2017.
Article accepted: May 17, 2018.
Conflicts of interest: none.


What is a CPL (Cost Per Lead) Program?
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In essence, Ebunch is putting their money where their mouth is.


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Thomas ran a hand over his eyes and then lifted the receiver from the telephone cradle and asked the operator to patch him through to his home. Connor answered.
"All quiet?" Thomas asked.
"Here?" Connor said. "Sure. What's it like on the streets?" "Bad," Thomas said. "Stay in."
"You need another body? I can help, Dad."
Thomas closed his eyes for a moment, wishing he loved this son more. "Another body won't make a shred of difference now, Con'. We're past that point."
"Fucking Danny."
"Con'," Thomas said, "how many times do I have to tell you about my distaste for profanity? Does anything get through your thick skull on that score, son?"
"Sorry, Dad. Sorry." Connor's heavy breath moved through the phone lines. "I just . . . Danny caused this. Danny, Dad. The whole city's tearing itself--"
"It isn't all Danny's fault. He's one man."
"Yeah," Connor said, "but he was supposed to be family."
That seared something in Thomas. The "supposed to be." Was this what became of pride in your offspring? Was this the end of the road that began when you held your firstborn, fresh from your wife's womb, and allowed yourself to dream of his future? Was this the price of loving blindly and too much?
"He is family," Thomas said. "He's blood, Con'."
"To you maybe."
Oh, Jesus. This was the price. It certainly was. Of love. Of family. "Where's your mother?" Thomas said.
"In bed."
Not surprising--an ostrich always searched out the nearest pile of sand.
"Where's Joe?"
"Bed, too."
Thomas dropped his heels off the corner of the desk. "It's nine o'clock."
"Yeah, he's been sick all day."
"With what?"
"I dunno. A cold?"
Thomas shook his head at that. Joe was like Aiden--nothing knocked him down. He'd sooner poke out his own eyes before he took to his bed on a night like this.
"Go check on him."
"Con', go check on him."
"Fine, fi ne."
Connor placed the receiver down and Thomas heard his footfalls in the hall and then a creak as he opened Joe's bedroom door. Silence. Then Connor's footfalls coming toward the phone, quicker, and Thomas spoke as soon as he heard him lift the receiver.
"He's gone, isn't he?"
"Jesus, Dad."
"When's the last time you saw him?"
"About an hour ago. Look, he couldn't have--"
"Find him," Thomas said, surprised the words came out a cold hiss instead of a hot shout. "You understand me, Con'? Are we clear?" "Yes, sir."
"Find your brother," Thomas said. "Now."
Back in June, the first time Joe had slipped out of the house on K Street, he'd fallen in with Teeny Watkins, a boy who'd attended first and second grades at Gate of Heaven with him before he dropped out to support his ma and three sisters. Teeny was a newsie, and Joe, during those three days on the streets, had dreamed of becoming one himself. The newsies ran in tight packs based on whichever newspaper they were affi liated with. Gang fi ghts were common. If Teeny were to be believed, so was breaking-and-entering on behalf of adult gangs like the Gusties, since newsies tended to run small and could squeeze through windows adults couldn't.
Running with the newsies, Joe saw a brighter world, a louder one. He became acquainted with lower Washington Street's Newspaper Row and all its saloons and shouting matches. He ran with his newfound gang along the edges of Scollay Square and West Broadway, and imagined the day when he'd cross over those edges and become part of that night world.
On the third day, though, Teeny handed Joe a canister of gasoline and a pack of matches and told him to set fire to a Traveler newsstand on Dover Street. When Joe refused, Teeny didn't argue. He just took the can and the matches back. Then he beat Joe in front of the other newsies, many of whom laid down bets. There was no fury to the beating, no emotion. Every time Joe looked into Teeny's eyes as he brought another fist down onto Joe's face, it was clear that Teeny could beat him to death if he chose. That, Joe realized, was the only outcome the other newsies were betting on. Whether Teeny did or not was an issue to which Teeny himself seemed indifferent.
It took him a few months to get over the coldness with which the beating had been delivered. The beating itself was almost forgettable by comparison. But now, knowing that the city was coming alive--and even coming apart--in a way it might not do again in his lifetime, any pains or lessons from that day receded and were replaced by his appetite for the night world and his possible place in it.
Once he left the house, he cut over two blocks and walked up H Street toward the noise. He'd heard it all last night from his bedroom --West Broadway making even more of a racket than usual.
West Broadway was where the saloons were and the rows and rows of boardinghouses and the gambling dens and the boys playing shell games on the corners and whistling to the women who stood in the windows of rooms lit red or orange or dark mustard. East Broadway ran through City Point, the respectable part of South Boston, the section where Joe lived. But it was just a matter of crossing East Broadway and making one's way down the hill until you reached the intersections of East and West Broadway and Dorchester Street. There you found the rest of Southie, the vast majority of it, and it wasn't quiet and respectable and well tended. It jumped and exploded with laughter and quarrels and shouts and loud off-key singing. Straight up West Broadway until you hit the bridge, straight down Dorchester Street until you hit Andrew Square. Nobody had a car around these parts, much less a driver, like his father. No one owned a home; this was renters' territory. And the only thing rarer than a car was a yard. Boston proper had Scollay Square to provide its release, but Southie had West Broadway. Not as grand, not as brightly lit, but just as dense with sailors and thieves and men getting a load on.
Now, at nine in the evening, it was like a carnival. Joe made his way down the middle of the street, where men drank openly from bottles and you had to be careful not to step on a blanket where dice were being thrown. A barker called, "Pretty ladies for every taste," and upon seeing Joe: "All ages welcome! As long as you're stiff and not a stiff, come on in! Pret-ty ladies lined up for your delight!" A drunk reeled into him and Joe fell to the street and the guy gave him a glance over his shoulder and continued staggering. Joe dusted himself off. He smelled smoke in the air as some men ran past him carrying a dresser with clothes piled high on top. Just about every third man brandished a rifle. A few others held shotguns. He walked another half block and sidestepped a fistfight between two women, and he started thinking maybe this wasn't the best night to investigate West Broadway. McCory's Department Store burned ahead of him, people standing around cheering the flame and smoke. Joe heard a loud crash and looked up to see a body falling from a second- story window. He stepped back and the body hit the street and broke into several sharp pieces and the crowd hooted. A mannequin. The ceramic head had cracked and one ear had broken into several shards and Joe looked up in time to see the second one sailing out of the same window. That one landed on its feet and snapped in half at the waist. Someone wrenched the head off the first mannequin and hurled it into the crowd.


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Q: How to get Sphinx to use type annotations from Python stub files I use stub files (i.e. "*.pyi" files) to manage type annotations in my project. My docstrings are in the actual source files. I've installed sphinx-autodoc-annotation to get Sphinx to look at type annotations, but it doesn't look at the stub files. When generating the documentation via Sphinx, how does one pull the typing from the stub files?
foo.pyi
class Foo:
    def bar(self, baz: str) -> str:
        ...

foo.py
class Foo:
    def bar(self, baz):
        """Does some cool stuff

        :param baz: some parameter that we do stuff with
        """

        return baz

A: I was using stub files because I wanted to avoid cluttering my Python source files with type information. However, the simplest solution (for now) seems to be to put the type information into the source files anyway and do away with the stub files.


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Edinburgh's Christmas 2019 Combines Commerce, Community and Church
Submitted by edg on Sat, 19 Oct '19 9.32am
Edinburgh's Christmas programme is out. The official turning on of the Christmas Lights on 17th November between 3.30pm and 5pm gets things under way. Light Night will this year feature a pyrotechnic display, with Santa making a "flying" visit to the event's new location on the Royal Mile.
Local choirs and youth groups will provide entertainment on the night including a special appearance from Ama-zing Harmonies, a choir created through the work of Transit into Confidence, a charity supported by OneCity Trust, Edinburgh's Christmas official charity partner.
Light Night will also feature the Royal Lyceum Theatre Edinburgh's community choir, fresh from their preparations for An Edinburgh Christmas Carol and Little Voices, Big Stars, the Edinburgh singing group for children between 4 and 16 year olds.
Intercultural Youth Scotland, will perform rap and poetry, followed by songs from Rock Choir Live. Audiences up and down the Mile will be able to enjoy the event on two giant screens located in key spots on the street.
Christmas too Commercial?
Amidst growing concerns about Edinburgh city centre turning into an over-commercialised, theme park, East Princes Street Gardens will be full-on festive with the Christmas Market, Santa Land, the Big Wheel, the 60m Star Flyer, and various other fairground rides returning to the park.
This year the market will have additional stalls on the south side of East Princes Street Gardens, offering scottish food, drink and gifts.
Castle Street will be another festive focal point being the home again of Santa's Grotto (from 16 November until Christmas Eve), with various fairground rides and Yule-themed stalls.
This is the seventh season that Underbelly has run Edinburgh's Christmas, and Charlie Wood and Ed Bartlam, have responded to growing criticisms of over-commercialisation by pointing out that Edinburgh's Christmas benefits local businesses, keeps Edinburgh in the international spotlight, and that many locals enjoy the events too.
"The nearly 300,000 unique visitors from Edinburgh and the Lothians in 2018 show what a popular local event it is but it's also the time of year when the city welcomes in hundreds of thousands of visitors and, once again, we're able to provide them with one of the best Christmas celebrations in Europe," said Wood and Bartlam.
Underbelly said that, in 2018, 186,799 tickets were sold to locals who snapped up a 20% EH postcode holders discount. A total 771,000 tickets were sold for the various Christmas events, attractions, rides and markets.
In 2019, Underbelly have also introduced another event, Community Christmas, aimed at bringing the festive vibe to outreaches of Edinburgh.
Presented in collaboration with Double Take Projections, Underbelly's partners on Message from the Skies in 2018 and 2019, Community Christmas sees 12 "locally significant" buildings, lit up with festive projections over 12 consecutive nights, with a different local choir performing festive tunes during the half-hour event.
Underbelly have also brought back its Winter Windows, conceived in 2014, where Edinburgh's young and budding artists publicly will display their stained-glass window designs in West Parliament Square and then at 4 more locations around Edinburgh: White Park - Gorgie, Great Junction Street – by Leith Library, Main Street - Kirkliston and Goodtrees Community Centre – Gilmerton.
New to Edinburgh's Christmas this year, Canadian artists Janet Cardiff and George Bures Miller present Night Walk for Edinburgh, a one-on-one video experience which takes audiences on a curated tour of Edinburgh's Old Town at twilight.
Absent this year, will be the ice rink at St Andrew Square. The size of the rink was deemed to be too damaging to the Square by Essential Edinburgh, the business body that manages St Andrew Square.
The Nativity Scene moves this year to the Mound beneath the Christmas Tree which is donated by the Hordaland County Council in Norway each year and the Nativity Carol Concert, organised in conjunction with Edinburgh Churches Together, takes place at 3pm on 1 December on Mound Place.
For families, Baby Loves Disco returns for a festive bop in the Christmas Glitter Ball. It takes place at Assembly Rooms twice daily on 15 and 21 December.
As always it's a busy time for Christmas theatre. Grid Iron Theatre Company and Traverse Theatre Company have a co-production of centuries-old Chinese tale Strange Tales and Douglas Maxwell's I Can Go Anywhere can be found at The Traverse.
The Lion King will play at the Playhouse, while the Royal Lyceum performs a production of An Edinburgh Christmas Carol.
The Usher Hall hosts a series of Children's Classic Concerts, and Gilded Balloon brings The Comedy Show: Christmas Special to the Rose Theatre.
Edinburgh's Christmas is also offering free of charge sensory packs to children and adult visitors with additional needs. The packs contain items designed to help users relax in situations they might find stressful.
Edinburgh's Lord Provost, Frank Ross, said: "There is simply no better place to celebrate Christmas than Scotland's Capital. And, with 20% off ticket prices for EH postcode residents and a brand-new event celebrating 12 of our local communities, this winter will see Edinburgh's Christmas cheer spread even further across the city."
He added: "The Festival is a chance for us to celebrate our local talent and creativity and I'm looking forward to the launch of our city's Christmas with Light Night providing a stage for so many local performers."
Edinburgh's Xmas
Edinburgh Parks
Visiting Edinburgh
Enlarged Market at Edinburgh's Christmas Had "Great Response", Says Underbelly
8 Jan, '20
Eurythmics' Annie Lennox Creates First Minister's Climate Christmas Card
14 Dec, '19
Nativity Carol Concert
29 Nov, '19
Light Night Celebrations Get Edinburgh's Christmas Underway
Christmas at Greyfriars


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(VIDEO) Australian Open Day Seven: Roger Federer Fights Back Once Again
Ubaldo Scanagatta analysis the key matches that took place in Melbourne on Sunday, which includes the roller-coaster win of the Swiss Maestro.
Sunday in Australia saw two of the big favourites in the men's draw progress, but it was far from straightforward for one. Roger Federer had to battle back from a set down to edge out Hungary's Marton Fucsovics. Setting him up with a clash against world No.100 Tennys Sandgren. Meanwhile, defending champion Novak Djokovic is rapidly gaining in momentum following his triumph over Diego Schwartzman.
In the women's draw, Ash Barty has given herself a shot of revenge after setting up a quarter-final meeting with Petra Kvitova. The same player who beat her in the last eight of the tournament 12 months ago.
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sampaolo
Gael Monfils has reached the second week at the Australian Open with a 7-6 (7-4) 6-1 6-3 win over Cristian Garin.
Garin saved an early break point and took a 4-2 lead in the tie-break with an early mini-break in the opening set, but Monfils came back by winning five consecutive points to claim the tie-break 7-4.
Monfils earned two early breaks in the second and fourth games to race out to a 4-0 lead in the second set. Garin pulled one break back at love in the fifth game for 1-4, but Monfils broke for the third time to close out the second set 6-1.
Both players traded breaks in the third and fourth games of the third set. Monfils broke in the fifth game to take a 3-2 lead, when Garin made three unforced errors. The Frenchman saved a break point in a 18-point game in the sixth game and held serve with his 17th ace and broke serve to close out the match with a forehand volley winner.
The Frenchman has not dropped a set so far this week and recorded five sets at 6-1 or better this week. Earlier this year he won the Adelaide International 1 title.
"It was a tough match, the conditions were different today. It was hot. It was quicker. I felt that I needed to adapt the game plan a little bit. He was playing well. He was playing well. I had to battle and was very lucky and fortunate to win this breaker in the first set, and I just think I was solid enough to win in straight sets", said Monfils.
Monfils will be aiming to reach his 10th Grand Slam quarter final against Miomir Kecmanovic, who beat Italy's Lorenzo Sonego 6-4 6-7 (8-10) 6-2 7-5.
Pablo Carreno Busta reaches the second week in Melbourne after a four-set win over Sebastian Korda
Pablo Carreno Busta beat Sebastian Korda 6-4 7-5 6-7 (6-8) 6-3 in their first head-to-head match after 3 hours and 27 minutes to advance to the fourth round at the Australian Open in Melbourne for the third time in his career after achieving this feat in 2018 and 2019.
Carreno Busta will take on Matteo Berrettini, who beat reigning Next Gen ATP champion Carlos Alcaraz 6-2 7-6 (7-3) 4-6 2-6 7-6 (10-5).
Carreno Busta earned his first break in the eighth game to take a 5-3 lead. Korda broke straight back on his third break point in the ninth game. Carreno Busta broke again on his eighth set point to seal the first set 6-4.
The Spanish player hit 18 winners to just 8 unforced errors and got the crucial break in the 12th game to close out the second set 7-5.
Korda came back from 3-5 down to win a tight tie-break 8-6 in the third set.
Both players traded breaks in the first two games of the fourth set. Carreno Busta earned two breaks in the fifth and eighth games to close out the fourth set when Korda hit a forehand wide.
Carreno Busta reached the US Open semifinals twice in 2017 and 2020 and won two ATP Tour titles in Hamburg and Marbella in 2021.
Korda was aiming to reach the fourth round at a Grand Slam for the third time after achieving this feat at Roland Garros in 2020 and Wimbledon in 2021.