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GAME DESIGN 101
"I have a Great Idea for a video game...
how do I sell it and get rich and famous?"
Tom Sloper
Latest update: July, 2010
NOTE: these articles are primarily aimed at aspiring game designers, but many of the concepts described herein also apply to those who aspire to other types of jobs in the game industry. This article is subject to changes and improvements; reader comments are welcome. ALSO NOTE: Board games are much easier to design than video games. If you're interested in learning about board game design (and it IS recommended, even for those who aspire to design video games), read article 20.
The short answer is: "Great, you have an idea. Now start writing. (But, by the way, nobody will buy your idea, don't be silly!)" The long answer (why you need to write, what to write, and what to do with what you wrote) is below.
So you want to get your idea made into a working electronic game.
There are two ways for you to follow up on this dream.
1. DIY -- Do It Yourself. Execute the idea into a game yourself, training yourself along the way as a game designer and/or programmer and/or artist, etc. First step: write a formal GDD (game design document).
2. DIFTI -- Do It From The Inside. (You're "outside" the game biz at the moment.) Write your idea down, training yourself along the way to write the way a game designer does. Write more designs, too. Then, having built a design portfolio, go to a game company (a developer or publisher) and take a job -- ANY job. The practice of writing your designs will help you get your foot in the door, but it's unlikely that anybody will want to make your ideas into games or hire you as an apprentice game designer. The designs may never get made, but now you're in the biz -- and you can learn & grow within it, and eventually make other original designs if you're good.
- Both of those paths (#1 and 2 above) require the same first step: writing. You have to write down your game idea. FAQ 2 and FAQ 13 explain how to write. There are three levels of documents, each one having a particular purpose. The Concept Paper is very short, describing just the basic idea in exciting terms, in order to get someone else excited about the game, so they'll ask you to tell them more. The Treatment tells them more, maybe ten to twenty pages, to answer the questions a lender or publisher might ask before risking money on your idea. The GDD, the Game Design Document, is a full description of every aspect of the game so that a creative technical team can create the game.
- Both of those paths require passion, perseverance, & perspiration. Do you want to be a game designer? Or are you just a person with one idea that'll never go anywhere because you can't be bothered to spend the effort? If the latter, you can just stop reading right now. If the former, keep on reading.
- Either way, when you've finished, guess what profession you're in -- the games biz.
The latter path (#2 above, getting a job in the industry, DIFTI) also requires a good attitude -- you'll need to be a team player, a professional who works on projects without letting his own ambitions get in the way of doing a game other than his dream idea.
DIY: You're on your own if you want to DIY. Go forth and teach yourself how to begin, once your design is written (that's still a necessary first step). You will need to learn about programming and about management and business and marketing. Read my FAQs (see nav frame at left). Read the postings on GameDev.net's forums (http://www.gamedev.net/community/forums/). Go back to school and learn everything about art and music and computers and business. Research. Learn. Create. Do it all, all by yourself.
DIFTI: A design portfolio is a great way to present yourself to potential employers in the game biz. They won't buy your idea (they already have great ideas up the wazoo, or they think they do anyway) but they might well give you a job (it might be an entry-level job, but hey, it's a job in the biz). That's how I got started, 20 years ago. I made a board game design, and I tried to get it published. Eventually (2 years later) I gave up on that, and used the board game as a part of my portfolio to get a job at a thinktank for electronic toys. I took an entry-level job as a toy modelmaker, and one day I had a chance to design an electronic game (see Lesson 18 for the complete story). Next thing you know, I designed two games for the Vectrex game system. Then I worked at Sega and Atari. In other words, I went the career route. My first board game idea has never been published. But I've designed and produced a number of electronic games, and have a great job.
So, now I need to tell you a little more about the topics raised above.
a. Why nobody will just buy your idea from you (or otherwise execute it into a playable game).
b. Writing a formal game design document.
c. Working in the games business.
Here goes:
a. Why nobody will just buy your idea from you. You didn't expect me to be talking about these things, did you? (^_^) You just wanted somebody to take your idea and run with it, while you sit back and wait for the end result so you can play it, right? And maybe make some easy money.
Forget that right now, it's not going to happen.
Pretend for a moment that you have a great idea for a novel, not a game. How would you go about getting it written and published? Would you go to a bulletin board and advertise looking for an author to write it for you? No, you would have to get off your butt and write it yourself. I have heard that a friend of Frank Herbert (author of Dune) asked Herbert to author the friend's idea and split the profits 50/50. Herbert refused, even though the guy was a good friend -- Herbert's reply was basically that ideas are easy; the writing is the hard part. Think about it for a minute -- would YOU want to have a friend come up to you, tell you a few sentences, then have you spend months hunched over a keyboard turning his few sentences into the Great American Novel? I doubt it. If you did spend months writing that book, would you want to give half of the money to that guy? I don't think so.
Now pretend for a moment that you have a great idea for a movie, not a game. How would you go about getting it made into a movie? You would have to begin by becoming a movie industry professional, get several movies under your belt, become a producer or studio executive, and off you go! That's the DIFTI route ("Do It From The Inside"). There's also the DIY (Do It Yourself) route: spend a lot of money (tens of thousands at the cheapest), write and direct it yourself, with the help of actors and technicians you hire. The end result may never get into theaters everywhere but could well prove your worth to a real studio. Either way, (DIY or DIFTI) by the time you're done, you're in the movie biz. And you earned it by hard work, not by waving your arms for a few minutes in front of a cigar smoker who then throws wads of cash at you -- it don't work that way.
Okay, enough pretending. Your idea is not for a novel or a movie -- it's for a game. How do you go about getting it made? First step: write the game design yourself. Then you can either make the game yourself (DIY) or use the design to get a job as a game designer (DIFTI).
b. Writing a formal game document. It doesn't necessarily have to be a full GDD. If you want to write a complete GDD, go ahead. But a GDD is really only needed when there is a team ready to work on the game. Writing a 10-20 page treatment is harder than you might think, because it has to get the reader excited and see why your idea is worthy. You have to research the competition and describe how your game is better than those others. There is no one standard format -- every game design looks different. Look upon it as an exercise in writing. Before ANYthing can be done with your idea, it needs to be described in writing. It needs to be well illustrated. It needs to be well written, with good spelling, grammar, punctuation, and with a coherent and well-organized outline. It needs to tell what is special about your game (why your game will stand out from the other games in the market), told in a clear and informative manner -- you need to understand the competition, and express that understanding in the document. It needs to be thorough and entertaining to read.
It needs to take the vision that's in your head and communicate it fully to the reader.
It needs to get the reader interested in your idea, and especially in you as a designer. If you are not ready to take your idea and go to this next step (writing a formal design), then your idea is not going to go anywhere, and that's too bad. If you are not ready to take your idea and go to this next step, you are not a budding designer -- you're just a guy with an idea that will never go anywhere. Don't let that get you down, just come up with completely different ideas until you find one you are willing to put passion, perseverance, and perspiration into -- then you'll have found your calling.
c. Working in the game business. The principles discussed in this article apply equally to computer games or any other kind of game (if we're talking board games, substitute "artist" or "modelmaker" for the word "programmer" and you won't suffer too much of a paradigm shift! (^_^)).
The cold hard reality is that it's extremely difficult to get a game made. If your idea is for a board game, there are tremendous manufacturing and marketing costs involved that you need to learn about (it's those costs that are behind companies' reluctance to just make your game). If your idea is for a video or computer game, the costs are even higher. It costs millions (at least hundreds of thousands) of US dollar$, and anywhere from half a year to 3 years to create a hit computer or video game (one-man-band games cost considerably less, but such an endeavor has an extremely low probability of becoming a hit -- just look at the competition). It also takes a lot of people and a lot of know-how to get a competitive commercial-quality game made.
The making of games is a business. And business is all about making a profit.
It seems to me that the typical bright-eyed wannabee imagines that game producers sit back in their plush leather chairs, yakking on their cellphones. An imaginary conversation (as envisioned by the wishful would-be game designer) might go: "I need to find a game idea for the next project. Everybody here has just more me-too ideas -- I wish a good original idea would just fall into my lap."
Far from it. Everyone in the industry (the programmers, artists, designers, producers, marketing managers, sales managers, and corporate executives) has more ideas than they have time to work on. Ideas are a dime a dozen (and that's probably an inflated value!). There is an involved process for deciding which ones to work on. Each person in the process has ideas about what other projects the company's resources should be used on. This process is not standard from one company to another, and this process is not standard in one company from one project to the next. This process is often, in fact, mysterious to its participants!
Usually, the purpose of the first company meeting is to discuss a direction that has already been in the company's plan for a while. They do NOT sit down and start, "Okay, now we have a slot we need to fill. Anybody got any project ideas? How about that design that Quincy wrote up?" Usually they sit down and start, "Okay, Project Q was a spectacular success -- let's do a follow-on," or: "Company Q is killing us in the marketplace with their Game Q -- we gotta do something similar, with our better engine, and with a cooler universe." Or: "Okay, Legal got us that great license Q. Now let's plan what the game will be, and present it to the licensor for concept approval so we can get started on it." Or the initial impetus for a project might come from a variety of other directions.
At the end of the first stage of this process, some producer is usually given a direction. S/he's supposed to work on Project Q. S/he's not sent out to "go forth and find us a great idea." S/he already has an assignment.
Producer goes to designer and asks for creativity upon demand. Usual real world conversation (NOT in these exact words): "No, don't give me your ideas -- here is the project I need designed. Go design it for me. . .. Oh okay, then, give me your ideas -- I'll read them and get back to you. Go design this new Project Q -- oh, and here's your paycheck."
Designer works like that on several projects, proving his abilities, and perhaps (if s/he's really good) eventually gets his/her own ideas greenlighted. S/he may never make that /original/ dream game though. My first board game idea still hasn't been published. But you know what? It doesn't bother me! I have other games out there -- and I have a great job. I went the DIFTI route -- I work in the industry. Some people prefer to do it themselves.
Remember what I said about the guy with the Great American Novel in his head -- the only way anybody else will see that novel is if s/he writes it himself -- s/he can't get somebody else to write it for him. It's darned hard work to write a novel -- or to design a game! But it's worthwhile -- if nobody thought it was worthwhile, we wouldn't have any novels to read. Or new games to play.
The question "I have an idea, what do I do now," is such a Frequently Asked Question that I'm not the only one who's written an answer for it. Here's a great one from the old Usenet world...
Newsgroups: comp.games.development.industry
From: gerryq@indigo.ie (Gerry Quinn)
Subject: Re: What if I had an idea...
Date: Tue, 10 Jun 2003 08:33:10 GMT
darin_mosch@hotmail.com (Darin Mosch) wrote:
>I have had an idea for a game for about 1 year now, and we've got
>whitepapers and diagrams on the entire thing... where do I go from
>here?
>Do I talk with developers?
>Do I start coding with my familiar languages?
>Do I do more on the design?
>If it makes any difference, it's an "RPG-oriented" game.
>Experts, let me know your thoughts.
>Thanks in advance,
Imagine you have an idea for a new building in your city. You have made
some drawings and floor plans. If it makes any difference, it's a
square building.
The situation is analogous (except that you don't need planning
permission, so you're ahead in that respect anyway).
Do what you would do in order to get it built. IE. either build it
yourself, or convince people to help you build it. If you haven't the
money to pay them, you must convince somebody to give or lend you lots
of money, or persuade the helpers to help you without payment.
If you go for the latter, you had better be very persuasive, because if
the people who help for free are not very talented, and the building is
more than a one-storey shack, it will probably fall down. Even more
likely, if they lose interest, it will be left half finished.
So, how are you going to convince people to give you millions to build
your dream building? If I knew that, I'd tell you, just as soon as I
had collected my own cheque. (Actually, I'd cash mine first...)
If the 'building' of something big is what really attracts you, you
could join a construction company. Maybe you would pick up contacts
along the way that will help a few years down the line when you have
money and experience of your own to invest. If you just want to build
*something* of your own, get a day job and build it at weekends, alone
or with like-minded others. If the long term career prospects are your
meat, you could consider taking a degree in architecture or civil
Hope the metaphor clarifies matters a little by distancing it ;-)
Gerry Quinn
http://bindweed.com
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Perhaps that puts things in a clearer perspective.
But don't take my word for it. Check out Chris Crawford's article at http://www.erasmatazz.com/page78/page117/page123/Education.html .
Or Lewis Pulsipher's 2008 article at http://www.gamecareerguide.com/features/614/the_idea_is_not_the_.php?page=1.
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ABOUT WHAT YOU CAN DO WITH YOUR GAME IDEAS!
I wrote a follow-up to this Lesson, in January 2002. Click here to read Lesson 11 ("Lesson 1 Redux").
I wrote another follow-up in November 2002: Click here to read Lesson 21 ("The Submission Process").
And the latest follow-up - September 2003: Click here to read Lesson 31 ("What If I Have The Ultimate Idea, Though?").
No, that isn't the latest follow-up - this is! January 2004: Click here to read Lesson 35 ("What To Put In Your Pitch (and other details" - OK, so that isn't exactly the title, but you get the gist).
Also: FAQ 43: "The Idea Man Calleth."
And: FAQ 55: "Living In Fantasy Land."
And: FAQ 56: "How To Make Your Own Gosh-Darned Video Game, If You Really Insist."
There are a lot more useful articles here too! Just look in the nav frame at left. (Please click here if you do not see a Nav Frame at left.)
Websites change. Links go bad. If a link goes bad, first thing is go to the website (delete all the parts of the URL after the domain name) and explore to see if you can find the new loacation of the page. Then email webmaster at sloperama.com to let me know the new URL for the sake of future readers. When reporting a broken link, make sure to include the location of the broken link (which of the many pages on this site is the broken link on?).
Questions? No need to raise your hand -- just click here to go to the bulletin board. You'll get answers!
Click here to go back to the School-A-Rama main page.
Click to go ahead to the next lesson.
Click here to return to the School-A-Rama main page.
Copyright 2000-2008 Tom Sloper. All rights reserved. Reproduction by written permission of the author only.


SEYMOUR, WILLIAM DIGBY (1822–1895), county-court judge, third son of Charles Seymour, vicar of Kilronan, co. Roscommon, by Beata, daughter of Fergus Langley of Lich Finn, Tipperary, was born in Ireland on 22 Sept. 1822. He was educated at Trinity College, Dublin, graduating B.A. in 1844 and LL.D. in 1872. He was called to the bar at the Middle Temple on 12 June 1846, and practised on the northern circuit. By the influence of his father-in-law he was returned to parliament as one of the members for Sunderland in 1852, and his support of the liberal party was rewarded with the recordership of Newcastle in December 1854. On returning to his constituency for re-election he was defeated. In the meantime he had become connected with various commercial undertakings, notably with the Waller Gold-mining Company, of which he was chairman in 1852. His experiences were unfortunate, and in 1858 he had to make an arrangement with his creditors. In 1859 he was called before the benchers of the Middle Temple to answer charges affecting his character as a barrister in connection with some commercial transactions, and on 23 Feb. was censured by the benchers (Times, 22, 24, 25 Feb. and 4 April 1859). Seymour disputed the fairness of the decision, but he would not publish the evidence, and he was excluded from the bar mess of the northern circuit. He commenced legal proceedings against Mr. Butterworth, the publisher of the 'Law Magazine,' for giving a statement of the case with comments. The trial was heard by Lord-chief-justice Cockburn on 2–3 Dec. 1862, and resulted in a verdict for the plaintiff of 40s. (ib. 3 Dec. 1862 p. 10, 4 Dec. pp. 8–9).
In May 1859 Seymour was returned for Southampton, securing conservative support by a pledge not to vote against Derby's government. His failure to observe this promise was commented on by the 'Morning Herald,' and Seymour sought to institute a criminal prosecution of that paper, which was refused by Lord Campbell. Seymour was named a queen's counsel in the county palatine of Lancaster in August 1860, and on 19 Feb. 1861 a queen's counsel for England by Lord Campbell. In the same year he was employed by the government to draw up the Admiralty Reform Act. His views grew gradually more conservative; he contested unsuccessfully Hull in 1857, Southampton in 1865, Nottingham in 1869 and 1870, Stockton in 1880, and South Shields in 1885. By the influence of his political friends he became judge of the county-court circuit No. 1, with his chief court at Newcastle-upon-Tyne, in August 1889, and held that appointment at his death, which took place at Tynemouth on 16 March 1895. In February 1894 he was presented with his portrait by C. K. Robinson. He married, on 1 Sept. 1847, Emily, second daughter of Joseph John Wright, solicitor, Sunderland. He was author of: 1. 'How to employ Capital in Western Ireland, being Answers to Questions upon the Manufacture of Beet-sugar, Flax, and Chicory in connection with a Land Investment in the West of Ireland,' 2nd edit. 1851; with an appendix, a letter from M. Leon, 1851. 2. 'The Merchant Shipping Act, 1854, with summary notes and index,' 1855; 2nd edit. 1857. 3. 'The Wail of Montrose; or the Wrongs of Shipping,' 1859; 2nd edit. 1859. 4. 'Waste Land Reclamation and Peasant Proprietorship, with suggestions for the Establishment of a Land Bank in Ireland/ 1881. 5, 'The Hebrew Psalter : a new metrical translation,' 1882.
This page was last edited on 9 September 2011, at 00:53.


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Protest calls for Govt action on homeless crisis
Updated / Monday, 11 Mar 2019 08:02
March was part of a series of protests by the Homeless and Housing Coalition
By John Kilraine
Dublin Correspondent
Around 2,000 people protested in Dublin city centre as part of a campaign to get more Government action on the homeless crisis.
It was organised by the Homeless and Housing Coalition, part of the Raise The Roof Campaign, which will be organising other protests, including planned events in Cork and Galway.
Around 10,000 people attended the last protest by the group in Dublin in December.
Today's protest consisted of marches starting at the GPO, City Hall, the Housing Agency, and Mount Street.
Marchers converged at Customs House Quay and gathered at the Samuel Beckett bridge.
One of the organisers, People Before Profit councillor Tina McVeigh, said housing should be made the number one issue at the local elections in May.
She called on people to take part in upcoming protests in Cork on Monday and Galway on 8 April before the national Raise The Roof demonstration in Dublin on 11 May.
It comes as the latest homeless figures show just under 10,000 people are living in emergency accommodation.
The Homeless and Housing Coalition is supported by around 50 groups including local community groups, SIPTU and Fórsa unions, the Union of Students in Ireland, the National Women's Council, the Irish Traveller Movement and homeless charities.
It is also part of the Raise The Roof movement organised by ICTU, which is organising a campaign concentrating on a call to make housing a constitutional right.
Both it and the Homeless and Housing Coalition are also calling for the Government to declare the housing crisis a national emergency, to end evictions and to build 10,000 social housing units a year.
National Homeless and Housing Coalition
More by John Kilraine
Woman found homeless after discharge from hospital
Dublin | 15 hrs
Tourists on mini bus 'unaware' it was stolen
Ireland | 09 Jan
Cllrs reject report detailing sale of sites for €100m
Dublin | 07 Jan

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Fitness can be defined as a balance of physical and mental health. Physical fitness not only enhances your physical well being, but also your mental well being. Read the tips below if you're someone looking to get in shape.
Get creative with your new fitness routine. Many healthy exercises and activities do not require the use of equipment or a membership at a gym. This will help you stay motivated by finding an activity you truly enjoy.
The best way to incorporate exercise into your day is to keep your body moving at all times. While you are watching TV, stand up and do a few exercises rather than sitting on the coach. Try to walk in place on commercial breaks. Having small hand weights near the couch might entice you to use them as you sit there watching television. Squeeze exercise in whenever you can.
Keep a daily fitness diary. Record your workouts and make sure to add in the extra exercise you do throughout the day. Buy a pedometer and look to see how many steps you take during the day; write that down, too. You will know what it will take to get to where you want to be if you compile data.
One of the best ways to enhance leg muscle strength is through doing wall sits. In order to do this exercise, you should locate a wall space that can fit your body. Start about a foot and a half away from the wall, with your back towards the wall. While bending your knees, you need to lean backward so that your whole back rests against the wall. Bend your knees and when the tops of your legs are even to the ground, you will look as though you are sitting. Maintain this position until you can no longer stand.
You will receive greater benefit from running outdoors than using a treadmill. Treadmills are easier to use and very convenient, but jogging on pavement is much better for you.
The results of your workout can be boosted through controlled breathing. When doing sit-ups or crunches, exhale when you are sitting up all the way, before you descend. When you contract deeply through exhalation your abdominal muscles are forced to work harder.
Be sure to clean the fitness center equipment before you use it. Think of the germs the other person might have left on the equipment. You're going to the gym to feel better, not get sick.
If you ever find yourself feeling bad about watching TV, this tip will help you exercise and watch your show as well. TV watching and working out can be combined by getting up and doing a few quick exercises instead of sitting still during the commercial breaks.
As this article shows, you can achieve a healthy level of fitness that you can feel good about. There's no need to feel bad about being out of shape anymore. Just learn some simple techniques to help you start moving towards the fitness you want.


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Mike Muldown remembers it fondly: a muddy parking lot, wet clothes, and cold, miserable weather. Back in the rugged days of the late 1940s and early 1950s, the thought of ascending snow-covered mountainsides for fun was unconventional bordering on eccentric.
But that rush of adrenaline from whipping downhill atop narrow wooden skis, which would attract perplexed gazes in this modern age of gilded gear, made all those drawbacks and apprehension evaporate.
"It was fun," Muldown said in the simplest yet truest sense.
What began as a wild pursuit in the forest overlooking Whitefish has evolved into a resort destination that is regularly praised on a national level and is inextricably tied to the community's identity and passion.
This winter marks the 70th anniversary of Whitefish Mountain Resort. The local ski area is scheduled to open for the season Dec. 7. The 70th season celebrations will begin by commemorating the inaugural opening day — Dec. 14, 1947 — with an event recognizing the founders: Ed Schenck and George Prentice, along with the so-called father of skiing in Whitefish, Lloyd "Mully" Muldown, the father of Mike Muldown.
Graves credits the support of the community dating back to the ski area's inception as well as the growing lineup of visitors from across the U.S. and Canada.
Indeed, the ski resort is more popular and beloved than ever. Last winter, Whitefish Mountain Resort tallied more than 346,000 skier visits during the 2016-17 season, roughly 1,000 more than the previous record set in 2013-14. The record visitation emerged from one of the best winters on record, during which Big Mountain accumulated 407 inches of snow, the second-deepest snowpack in 20 years.
This fall, the towering mountain was named the 10th best ski resort in the West by SKI Magazine readers, marking the fifth time in the last six years that Whitefish Mountain Resort landed in the top 15.
The SKI Magazine rankings, which feature top reader-ranked resorts and ski amenities, includes a list of prominent resorts, such as Vail and Deer Valley, but the local mountain tucked in the northwestern corner of Montana still holds its own.
Graves said Whitefish Mountain Resort and its ownership embrace their role as an independent ski resort. The ski industry has seen an increasing number of consolidations in recent years, but Whitefish Mountain Resort has remained on its own. The wave of consolidations does create challenges for local resorts that have to compete against a network of mountains, but it can also create opportunities.
This passion for being distinct is rooted in a deep tradition on Big Mountain.
When the ski area opened in the wake of World War II, it was with the strong support of local businesses and the Whitefish Chamber of Commerce, which fundraised to help Schenck and Prentice, two businessmen from Great Falls with the skills to start a ski area. It was passionate advocates like Mully and others who cut an uncharted path, creating a local ski club that trudged uphill to ski downhill in Hellroaring Creek, laying the way for the future resort.
Mully's son, Mike Muldown, a real estate associate in Whitefish, remembers the early days of the ski area. In fact, one of his earliest memories is sitting atop his fathers' shoulders as Mully skied downhill.
Back then, there were no grooming machines to smooth out the snow, so the slopes were often moguled out and choppy. The gear was in its infant stages, as were the abilities of those early generations of skiers.
A common phrase that became a code of conduct was, "Fill your Sitzmark," which encouraged skiers who fell to fill in their body's indentation in the snow.
"We had an old lodge with a big fireplace, and everybody stood in front of the fireplace and put their gloves and boots close to the fire to dry out," Muldown said.
For particular excitement, skiers could pay 50 cents and grab a rope behind an old Tucker vehicle that dragged people farther up the mountain. It was a 45-minute drive but well worth the fresh, long lines, as Muldown remembers.
Tim Hinderman, the son of Karl Hinderman, who owned the ski shop on the mountain in the early years, grew up in a cabin under the present Chair 3 and remembers the rugged excitement of the olden days. It wasn't until 1960 when the mountain made a quantum leap in its evolution. The installation of a chairlift that traveled to the summit of Big Mountain was a milestone, doubling the vertical size of the ski area and quadrupling the skiable terrain.
The experience of riding up the entire mountain was unparalleled at the time for most locals who had never been to a major resort.
"For the locals to go all the way to the top of that mountain, it was huge — and it was exciting," Hinderman said.
The chairlift, which has since expanded into the high-speed quad known as Big Mountain Express, coupled with the Alpinglow Inn, which began the growth of overnight lodging on the mountain, creating more of a resort setup that blossomed.
"That really made a big difference because it really moved the mountain to a place where people could come and stay," Hinderman said.
Today, Hinderman, with the Flathead Valley Ski Education Foundation, has been instrumental in the creation of the Ski Heritage Center in Whitefish, which is emerging as a museum paying homage to the local ski history. The museum is scheduled to debut a photograph exhibit this winter in conjunction with the resort's 70th anniversary celebration.
Alongside the bright-white mountain of powder, the events will help illustrate a growing heritage that dates back to the passionate pioneers and community that built a rich wintertime tradition.
1935 Mully and other ski enthusiasts build a small cabin in the Hellroaring basin, and the site becomes the base camp for winter adventures. The site is named Hell Roaring Ski Camp.
Winter 1936 The ski slope in the Hellroaring basin hosts the state's first high school skiing championships, based out of the small cabin.
1937 The Hell Roaring Ski Club, with Mully as its first president, acquires a special permit from the U.S. Forest Service to build trails in the basin toward Big Mountain.
March 31, 1947 Whitefish residents, eager to see a ski area developed on Big Mountain, invite Great Falls businessmen Ed Schenck and George Prentice to come to town and try to set up a resort. The two men buy into the grand vision and invest $20,000 of their own money while raising another $40,000 in pledges through the Whitefish Chamber of Commerce. On March 31, 1947, they form Winter Sports, Inc., as the resort's managing company.
1949 The Chalet is built.
December 1957 Big Mountain, celebrating its 10th anniversary, is considered Montana's finest ski area and one of the best in the nation, as described in Sports Illustrated. The T-bar capacity is enlarged and a new Poma lift is built, adding new slopes.
October 1960 The first major expansion occurs. Crews install a new Heron lift, one of the longest chairlifts in the nation, which extends from the base of Big Mountain to its summit. The new $200,000 chairlift, extending 6,300 feet with 31 towers, leads to 15 miles of new slopes and trails.
December 3, 1967 Sports Illustrated features a photo of Big Mountain and its famed "snow ghosts" on its cover.
1968 The second major expansion occurs with the new chairlift replacing the old T-Bar and a new T-Bar lift added elsewhere. Also, the Alpinglow Inn is built with 54 units, allowing for more overnight stays. This marks the beginning of the ski area's true steps toward becoming a destination resort.
1976 Big Mountain adds a new chairlift, Chair 3, to replace the old Poma lift. It increases ridership by 20 percent. The resort welcomes 170,000 skiers this winter, triple the number from a decade earlier.
1997 The resort adds 550 acres of new terrain with the expansion into Hellroaring Basin. The resort also adds Chair 8 and upgrades Chair 7 to a high-speed quad.
2007 The resort's name is changed to Whitefish Mountain Resort. The new Base Lodge opens, and Chair One and Chair Two are upgraded.
2008 The resort's first downhill-only mountain bike trail, Runaway Train, opens.
2009 Further growing its summer opportunities, the resort installs the Alpine Slide and four zip lines.
2010 The Bad Rock Lift is installed.
2014 Flower Point Lift is installed, adding 200 acres of terrain to the north side of the mountain, including six groomable runs, gladed tree areas and a new vantage point looking into the North Fork of Glacier National Park.
2015 Phase One of a two-phase remodeling project of the Summit House is completed, and improvements include adding a 1,600-square-foot mezzanine level with 135 more seats plus northwestern views.
2016 Phase Two of the Summit House remodel: enlargement of the kitchen and food court area which will include a new layout improving customer flow, expanded food stations, new tile work and additional equipment. Bike Park expanded adding three new trails and bike carriers for the Bad Rock lift.
2017 Chair 5 is relocated from Ptarmigan Bowl to the East Rim and debuts this winter.


Western diplomats may have been stunned by United Nations Secretary-General Kofi Annan's blatant effort to ward off the newest coalition offensive against terrorist strongholds in Fallujah, but they should not have been surprised.
Mr. Annan's plea, contained in letters to President Bush and to the Iraqi prime minister, provides another indication of a disturbing and yet ongoing pattern of U.N. intervention in the most sensitive global crises, whereby the U.N. appears to be more preoccupied with defending those most directly threatening international peace and security, while criticizing the policies of those protecting world order and asserting their right of self-defense. For in effect, Mr. Annan was providing diplomatic cover for the likes of Abu Musab al-Zarqawi while undercutting the embattled legitimate government of Iraq.
This wasn't the first time the U.N. tilted to the wrong side. During the last decade, the U.N. was repeatedly afflicted with this syndrome as it sought to deal with one explosive crisis after another. In the analysis of its highest officials, there appeared to be a reversal of causality in explaining the roots of the worst military confrontations, which assigned equal responsibility for the outbreak of wars to the victims of attacks as much as to those who planned and executed them. In Bosnia, this produced a disturbing institutional sympathy in the U.N. for Serb aggressors and a repeated criticism of their Muslim victims. In Rwanda, it led to a crippling moral equivalence between the Hutu-power regime and the Tutsi tribesmen it planned to slaughter, causing the U.N. to strictly adhere to a policy of "impartiality," even when confronted with reports of impending genocide.
In the Middle East, it led the U.N.'s judicial arm in The Hague, the International Court of Justice, to insist that Israel dismantle its security fence in the disputed West Bank without calling for specific measures against the suicide terrorism that caused it to be built in the first place – one wonders if the U.N. had existed in the Middle Ages whether it would have banned the use of shields and armor while sanctioning the employment of the cross-bow. Finally, when the full story of the U.N.'s "oil for food" scandal is finally uncovered, it is likely to reveal an attitudinal flaw among senior officials that placed the Anglo-American policy of sanctions on Iraq on the same plane as the atrocities of the rogue regime of Saddam Hussein.
These are not just academic distinctions for a university seminar, for they have dire implications for foreign policy and national security. It is to be remembered that the U.N., with its claim to represent the views of all of mankind, is still viewed in many quarters as a beacon that represents international justice. Indeed, Mr. Annan always reminds foreign leaders that the U.N. is "the source of international legitimacy." But if it repeatedly confuses the aggressor and victim who is defending himself, how can the U.N. represent justice of any sort? The U.N. General Assembly, despite appearances, is not a world parliament creating law, but rather a body that generates an amalgamation of the interests of its largely authoritarian majority, with no checks and balances protecting the constitutional rights of member states. Unfortunately, the U.N. Secretariat too often reflects the lopsided moral universe that the General Assembly has erected.
But if the U.N.'s moral code leads it to be ineffective, at best, in places like Darfur, Sudan, and even tilt in favor of the aggressors, what does that mean for the future of global stability? The handmaiden of terrorism is moral relativism that fails to distinguish between the suicide bomber driving his car to a civilian target and the pilot who destroys him before his attack. For the loss of moral certainty cripples nations, undermining their will to defend themselves.
It is here that the U.N. has a potentially destructive role. And, if generally, the U.N. insists that it is the sole clearinghouse for effective action of any sort against aggression, proliferation, terrorism, and even genocide, and yet the best that the U.N. Security Council can provide is paralysis, then that is a certain recipe for world chaos and not world order.
It is important to remember that the U.N. was born in an era of moral clarity, when America and Great Britain led an alliance against the evils of Nazi Germany and the Axis powers. Indeed, to join the U.N. in 1945, states had to declare war on one of the Axis powers and adhere to the U.N.'s founding principles contained in the U.N. Charter. This made the U.N. more of a military alliance, supported by common values, rather than the organization that exists today.
The whole idea of the U.N., according to its architects, was to create an organization that would nip aggression in the bud and prevent a re-play of World War II. However, with an authoritarian majority in the 1970s, the values for which the U.N. stood totally changed; indeed, in 1974, it invited the PLO chairman, Yasser Arafat, to address the General Assembly not long after the attacks he ordered on the Munich Olympic Games and on the American ambassador to Sudan; indeed, the architect of modern terrorism remarked in his address that he would never have been allowed to appear before the world body if it had been the same as the original U.N. of 1945.
It is not a long distance from that first moment when the U.N. legitimized the terrorism of the PLO to the special relations U.N. organs have developed with Hezbollah and Hamas in recent years. This also explains the blindness recently exhibited to the threat of terrorism to the new Iraqi government. The U.N. needs an accurate moral compass in order to accurately determine that aggression is occurring and must be stopped.
It is also necessary to deal effectively with the other main threats to international peace and security from weapons of mass destruction to genocide, as well. With the war on terrorism, the Bush administration is now placed in a unique position to restore much of the moral clarity of 1945 and lead a coalition of the willing to protect their peoples from the most pressing present-day evils that seeks to destroy us all.
Mr. Gold was Israel's ambassador to the U.N. from 1997 through 1999.He is the author of "Tower of Babble: How the United Nations Has Fueled Global Chaos" (Crown Forum, 2004).


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text:
Circular No. 458-Income Tax dated 16-06-1986
| Income Tax - Circulars- Notifications/Circulars
1505. Whether credit balance in profit and loss account can be treated as reserve for computing capital of company
This question [as to whether the credit balance in the profit and loss account can be treated as a reserve] was considered by the Supreme Court in CIT v. Century Spg. & Mfg. Co. Ltd. [1953] 24 ITR 499 in the context of rule 2(1) of the Schedule to the Business Profits Tax Act under which the reserves were treated as forming part of the capital of a company, as under the Super Profits Tax Act. In that case the company held a credit balance of over Rs. 5 lakhs in its profit and loss account as on April 1, 1946. The question for decision was whether in computing the capital of the company as on April 1, 1946 (which was the first day of the chargeable accounting period for Business Profits Tax) the said credit balance in the profit and loss account could be treated as a reserve. The Supreme Court held that the amount could not be treated as a reserve. It observed :
"On April 1, 1946, which is the crucial date, the sum …. could not be called a 'reserve' for no body possessed of the requisite authority had indicated on that date the manner of its disposal or destination. It remained on April 1, as a mass of undistributed profits which were available for distribution and not earmarked as 'reserve' ….The reserve may be a general reserve or a specific reserve, but there must be a clear indication to show whether it was a reserve either of the one or the other kind. The fact that it constituted a mass of undistributed profits…..cannot automatically make it a reserve…..Thus, the profit lying unutilised and not specially set apart for any purpose on the crucial date did not constitute reserve……"
This decision is also applicable to the interpretation of the meaning of the term "reserve" with reference to the provisions of the Second Schedule to the Super Profits Tax Act, 1963.
In this connection, it may be mentioned that in accordance with the principles of accountancy, reserve consists of appropriation from profits and other surpluses which have been earned in the past, being amounts which are not designed to meet any liability, contingency, commitment or diminution in the value of assets known to exist as at the date of the balance-sheet. The general objects of creating a reserve are to make a provision for promoting financial stability, equalising dividends, providing for future expansions and for replacements of assets at increased prices, avoiding declaration of excessively high dividends in years of prosperity, meeting possible losses peculiar to the character of the company's operations, reducing loans (debentures) or redeemable preference shares or setting aside savings for future taxation.
Circular : No. 1-D(SPT) of 1963 (relevant extracts), dated 28-10-1963.
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It's not an innocent way to determine your area of interest. Rather, it's a means to evaluate your degree of specialization. If you give an answer that's too broad, you're dismissed as 'not focused enough.' But if you give an answer that's so specific that it doesn't overlap with the interviewing professor's research, that's equally bad! In that case, you're dismissed as being inflexible or irrelevant by the professor in question.
So, when prepping for graduate school interviews you have to carefully carve out your circle of interest. It has to overlap with the research areas of many professors, but yet at the same time be as well-defined as possible. Often this involves using careful language with each interviewer to tailor your statement of interest and make it clear it's consistent with their area of interest.
This is true even in graduate programs that require you to try out several labs before you officially join one! And, typically, your proposed project ideas bear little relation to the project you end up working on.
On some level, I can understand the reasoning behind this type of evaluation. Professors want students that demonstrate a certain degree of scientific thought and insight. Moreover, they want students who are going to fit well in their research group. The dreaded question would seem to address both of these concerns in one fell swoop.
The problem is that it artificially pigeon-holes students' interests, and reflects a larger problem with academia: over-specialization.
Think of it this way. When you're an undergrad, there is no expectation of prior experience and you can quite literally do research in any area you choose (assuming you can find a lab). When you're a graduate student, however, your options are more limited. You can technically do research in any area… but if you want to shift gears and do something that's doesn't build on the skills you picked up in undergrad, things will be that much harder. There's a certain activation energy barrier that comes with switching fields, and graduate school is your last 'easy' chance to do this.
Now let's imagine that you didn't love your graduate work, and want to do something different in a post-doc or in industry. How can you justify that you are of value to a lab when you have no relevant expertise that said lab can take advantage of?
Short answer: you can't. You need something, some relevant skill, that you can bring to the table to be a valuable addition to the lab.
And that's why I recommend the following: do what you're not good at.
In graduate school, you have the opportunity to oppose the drive to over-specialize. There are classes and clubs and events and hackathons and so many other opportunities to branch out! For example, I came into graduate school not knowing a damn thing about programming. I initially joined a lab where programming wasn't necessary, and just by sheer luck decided that programming was a skill I wanted to learn. I took a couple classes and taught myself from there. When I needed to change labs a year later, lo and behold that programming skill opened up a whole new set of options for me that I never would have considered otherwise! Now, looking forward to a post-doc or industry job, I'm interested in shifting fields even more and doing more computationally-focused research.
Your advisor, consciously or subconsciously, will tend to encourage you to spend your time in pursuits that are directly related to your current projects. But you don't have to sink a ton of time into something all at once to learn something new. Is there a cool lecture on campus? Is there a class that you could sit in on as a listener? Is there a student club that helps you explore an area of interest? These are all low-commitment ways to explore and even résumé-build.
Even if you never waver from your original answer to the question "what do you want to do," such skills can prove useful in unexpected ways. Cross-talk between fields is often beneficial and can lead to novel creative ideas.
Science is full of specialists--and that's fine--but just because you're looking in one direction doesn't mean you need blinders on to everything else. Take a moment, look to the side--you never know what you might see.


The announcement of the upcoming events with the participation of the President is available on an official website of the Akorda.
On this November 8, the President of Kazakhstan is to partake in a session of the CSTO Collective Security Council in Astana, the Akorda reports.
On the next day, Nursultan Nazarbayev will arrive in the city of Petropavl to take part in the 15th Interregional Cooperation Forum between Kazakhstan and Russia.


text:
Neoclinus è un genere di pesci di acqua salata appartenenti alla famiglia Chaenopsidae.

Specie
In questo genere sono riconosciute le seguenti specie:
Neoclinus blanchardi
Neoclinus bryope
Neoclinus chihiroe
Neoclinus lacunicola
Neoclinus monogrammus
Neoclinus nudiceps
Neoclinus nudus
Neoclinus okazakii
Neoclinus stephensae
Neoclinus toshimaensis
Neoclinus uninotatus

Note

Altri progetti

Perciformes

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


An-Najah National University is a vibrant hub of learning which nourishes science, knowledge and understanding. An-Najah offers undergraduate instruction in the fields of Medicine, Engineering, Humanities, Social Sciences and Natural Sciences, as well as numerous courses of graduate study in the humanities and the social sciences. Since it was charactered as a full- fledged university in 1977, An-Najah has promoted the acquisition of modern knowledge whilst remaining committed to the transmission and preservation of Palestinian history, heritage and culture. Today, as the largest University in Palestine, An-Najah educates over 20,000 students and is home to 13 faculties.
Incubator in NaBIC " An-Najah Business Innovation & Partnership Center"
to work with your team.


text:
Bichette's Bat Blasts Dodgers
June 21, 1998 / 10:11 PM / CBS/AP
After a season-long slump, the Colorado hitters are beginning to regain their Blake Street Bomber stature.
Dante Bichette homered and drove in five runs, and the Rockies twice sent 10 batters to the plate in an 11-6 victory over the Los Angeles Dodgers on Sunday.
"We were in our element today," Bichette said. "We got big hits from everybody, and any time you get big innings it usually adds up to a win."
After being shut out in the series opener and scoring three runs in a second-game loss, Colorado has scored seven and 11 runs in a pair of wins. Ironically, both wins have come after their most dangerous hitter, Larry Walker, went on the disabled list.
"We're a much better offensive club without him," Bichette said with a big laugh. "Larry's a great player, but nobody wants to hear that we can't win without him. Everybody else has to step up. That's how winning seasons are made."
The Rockies used five- and six-run innings to split the four-game series and overcome another big game by Eric Karros. He homered twice and drove in four runs; for the series he went 7-for-17 with four homers and 13 RBIs.
Despite his problems with Karros, Bobby Jones (2-2) pitched the fourth complete game for Colorado this season. He gave up 10 hits, four of them in a two-run ninth when he developed bleeding beside the nail of the middle finger of his pitching hand.
"No way was I coming out of the game," Jones said. "I was one out away. I said, `I don't care if I throw right-handed."'
It was the 11th complete game by a Rockies pitcher in Coors Field history but the first by a left-hander.
Bichette's two-run single capped a five-run second inning off Chan Ho Park (5-5). His three-run homer off Greg McMichael accounted for the final runs in a six-run sixth.
Mike Lansing and Neifi Perez each drove in two runs for Colorado.
"Eric Karros had just a huge series here," Rockies manager Don Baylor said, "but our offense finally got untracked. That's the way it normally is for us here."
Dodgers manager Bill Russell said Park "had two bad innings and it cost us. He had excellent stuff. The problem was where he threw it. We spotted him a three-run lead, but three runs is nothing here. You let them get started and you see the kind of firepower they have. They put runs up in a hurry. Except for Karros, we didn't get anything going."
Karros, who won the first two games of the series with homers and had a three-run double in the third game Saturday night, put the Dodgers ahead 3-0 in the first. Roger Cedeno led off with a double, Gary Sheffield walked and Karros hit a 423-foot homer off the top of the center-field wall.
Colorado took the lead in the second, highlighted by Bichette's bloop ingle. Ellis Burks added an RBI double off the wall in left-center.
Karros homered again leading off the fourth, a 431-foot wind-aided shot to center. It was Karros' eighth homer this season
half of them coming in this series.
In the sixth, Lansing had an RBI double and Perez an RBI single, chasing Park. Jeff Barry hit a sacrifice fly off McMichael, and Bichette launched a 446-foot homer to left.
Dodgers shortstop Jose Vizcaino injured his right ankle attempting to steal second base in the third inning. X-rays at Denver's Rose Medical Center revealed a sprain, and he will be sidelined 3-to-5 days.
Notes: Barry, recalled from Triple-A Colorado Springs on Friday when outfielder Larry Walker went on the disabled list, made the first start of his major-league career. He had 15 at-bats in a brief stay with the New York Mets in 1995. ... Dodgers catcher Charles Johnson returned to the lineup after missing the last two games while attending the funeral of his grandmother in Florida. ... Los Angeles second baseman Eric Young missed his fifth straight game because of a strained right quadriceps. ... Despite two straight wins, the Rockies still have the worst home record in the NL (13-22). ... Park entered the game with the highest run support in the NL (6.27 runs in 15 starts). ... Los Angeles' Paul LoDuca had an RBI single in the ninth for his first major league hit.
©1998 The Associated Press. All Rights Reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed
First published on June 21, 1998 / 10:11 PM
© 1998 CBS Interactive Inc. All Rights Reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed. The Associated Press contributed to this report.
Wilt Chamberlain Dead At 63
Step Six: Memorize The Special Moves Of The Pawn
Carrie Hunt's Bear Dogs
91-year-old man with dementia bonds with kids across the street
Gene McGehee spends every day playing with the children at the daycare across the street — and while he doesn't seem to remember the children the next day, something always brings him back.
As rioters swarmed the U.S. Capitol last week, about three dozen D.C. police officers made their stand in a hallway leading into the building — with a mob of thousands pushing back.


World Series of Fighting recently announced a stacked eleven-bout fight card for the upcoming New Year's Eve world championship extravaganza at The Theater inside Madison Square Garden in New York City, featuring four title fights in NBC and NBCSn starting at 3 p.m. ET.
For much more on WSOF 34 click here.


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Doncaster rock star John Parr drafted in to replace Captain Sensible at huge 80s music festival
Doncaster St Elmo's Fire singer John Parr has been drafted in to replace Happy Talk star Captain Sensible at a huge 80s music festival.
Friday, 23rd June 2017, 12:11 pm
Updated Tuesday, 18th July 2017, 8:47 am
Doncaster rocker John Parr will replace Captain Sensible at Rewind North.
The Sykehouse-based singer-songwriter has been added to the bill at Rewind North, a huge 80s music festival which will take place in Cheshire in August.
John, who achieved worldwide success with the classic St Elmo's Fire (Man In Motion) in 1985, will replace the beret-clad Captain, best known for his 1982 smash, a cover of the song first made famous in South Pacific.
It will be the second time he has appeared at Rewind - taking to the stage to perform his classic anthem in 2015.
It has also been announced that X Factor 2010 winner Matt Cardle will make a very special appearance at both Rewind Scotland and Rewind North, joining The Trevor Horn Band during their set at Rewind Scotland at Scone Place in Perthshire on July 22 and Rewind North at Capesthorne Hall on August 5.
Trevor Horn's set will include massive hits that he produced including "Video Killed the Radio Star" (The Buggles), "Two Tribes" (Frankie Goes To Hollywood), and "Slave To The Rhythm" (Grace Jones).
This year's Rewind Scotland features headliners The Human League on Saturday 22 June, and Billy Ocean on Sunday 23 July. Rewind North features headliners Sister Sledge and Village People on Saturday 5 August and Status Quo on Sunday 6 August.
Rewind Scotland runs from Friday 21 July until Sunday 23 July, Rewind North runs from Friday 4 August to Sunday 6 August and Rewind South runs from Friday 18 August to Sunday 20 August.
Tickets can be booked from the official Rewind website www.rewindfestival.com.


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Boy Scouts Overturn Ban on Gay Members
Gregory Tomlin Religious persecution, missions, Christianity around the world
GRAPEVINE, Texas (BP) -- Delegates to the National Council of the Boy Scouts of America (BSA) Thursday (May 23) approved new membership guidelines which open the ranks of the organization to homosexual members. Young men who openly claim to be homosexual may now participate as Scouts.
The decision, the BSA leadership said in a statement, was based on "growing input from within the Scouting family." That input led to a national review of policy, or a "comprehensive listening exercise," resulting in a resolution to remove the restriction "denying membership to youth on the basis of sexual orientation alone."
Some 1,400 delegates to the National Council approved the change in membership standards by a margin of 61-39 percent, but changes to the adult leadership policy of the organization, which forbids homosexual Scout leaders, was not up for vote and remains in place. Rules on sexual misconduct, heterosexual and homosexual, also remain in place for Scouts and Scout leaders.
John Stemberger, who has waged a national campaign to keep the ban on homosexual Scouts in place through the website OnMyHonor.net, said the "most influential youth organization in America had turned a sad corner."
"The Boy Scouts of America have demonstrated that values are not timeless," Stemberger said in a statement after the vote. "The Boy Scouts are now teaching kids that when your values are no longer popular, change them."
Stemberger added that BSA leaders had succumbed to the pressure of special interest groups by making the change to the membership policy. "The leaders of the Boy Scouts of America," he said, "make decisions like politicians placing their fingers in the air to see which way the wind is blowing."
Stemberger add that Thursday was the last day he would wear a Boy Scouts of American uniform. He said he plans to call a coalition together to discuss creating a new youth organization centered on biblical values, a call echoed by many religious leaders.
"We had hoped to keep sex and politics out of Scouting," Stemberger said. "We grieve today not because we are leaving the Boy Scouts of America, but because the Boy Scouts left us." He believes the BSA can expect to lose no fewer than 200,000 members and $30 million in funding.
Southern Baptist Convention Executive Committee president Frank Page, who had met with Scouting leaders and had urged them to maintain the current policy, said he was "deeply saddened" that the BSA overturned its "constitutionally protected expressive message that homosexual behavior is incompatible with the principles enshrined in the Scout Oath and Scout Law.
"We know that the pressures exerted against the voting members of the 1,400 chartered organizations by homosexual activist groups have been unrelenting," Page said. "We are grateful for each voting member who voted in the minority; but our sadness for the Scouting organization as a whole cannot be overstated."
Page said the vote "ushers in a sea-change in the credibility of the Boy Scouts of America as a viable boys' organization for millions of Americans who believe strongly in the principles of biblical morality. To claim that the Boys Scouts is the nation's foremost youth program of character development and values-based leadership training suddenly rings hollow."
"We continue to pray for our country. We believe we are in desperate need of a genuine spiritual awakening that will transform lives through the power of the Gospel of our Lord Jesus Christ," Page said.
Southern Baptist ethicist Richard Land predicted a mass exodus of religious groups from the organization.
"Frankly, I can't imagine a Southern Baptist pastor who would continue to allow his church to sponsor a Boy Scout troop under these new rules," said Land, president of the Southern Baptist Convention's Ethics and Religious Liberty Commission. "I predict there will be a mass exodus of Southern Baptists and other conservative Christians from the Boy Scouts."
The "supposed compromise" satisfies no one and signals the BSA will only become more inclusive of gays, Land said.
"The supposed compromise takes away their best defense. In the year 2000, the Supreme Court ruled the Boy Scouts did not have to have homosexual Scout masters because the homosexual lifestyle was contrary to the core values of Scouts. If you're going to allow opening gay Scouts to participate in Scouting, then it's no longer a core value," Land said. "And so what we're going to see now is a flood of litigation by pro-homosexual groups arguing that the continuing ban on gay Scout Masters is … prejudice and they will win. They will win, because the Boy Scouts have stripped themselves of their defense the Supreme Court used."
Land advised Southern Baptist churches to withdraw their support of Scout troops and support the Royal Ambassadors ministry to boys.
The statement from the BSA leadership said the new membership policy is effective Jan. 1, 2014, allowing the organization enough time to implement the policy and communicate it to its 116,000 units. The statement also said the organization would not be distracted from its mission by a "single, divisive and unresolved societal issue." Leaders said there are no plans to review the issue further.
Russell Moore, president-elect of the Ethics & Religious Liberty Commission, said the decision lands the "sexual revolution's onward march" square in the middle of Scouting.
"Few, if any, are suggesting the Boy Scouts kick out boys based on their particular temptations. We don't, and shouldn't do that in our churches, much less in the Scouts," Moore told Baptist Press. "But this change is more than this. It doesn't speak in terms of temptations but in terms of the claiming of a sexually politicized identity as morally neutral."
Local Scouting troops sponsored by evangelical, Roman Catholic or Latter-day Saints congregations, Moore said, "will be pressured to mute a definition of 'morally straight' that includes a sexuality intended only for the lifelong one-flesh union of a man and a woman in marriage."
"Depending on how radically the BSA applies this new policy to local troops, I suspect many will be seeking an alternative to the Boy Scouts to train up boys toward a life of virtue," Moore said.
The revision of the membership policy "highlights how important it is for churches to speak clearly of both our love for all people, including our gay and lesbian neighbors, and the importance of God's design for human sexuality for human flourishing," Moore said. "The Gospel doesn't define us, as the culture does, in terms of our wants and desires. The Gospel addresses us, all of us, as sinners and calls us to a life of freedom and cross-bearing sacrifice."
The culture is confused, Moore said, as it always is in a fallen world.
"Our voluntary associations, even the most venerable of them, are increasingly ambiguous about what it means to live a good life rooted in the permanent things," Moore said. "Our churches cannot, and will not, share that ambiguity."
The BSA statement ended by acknowledging the different opinions held on the matter of homosexuality, but said children were "better off when they are in Scouting."
To view the Boy Scouts of America statement in full, go to http://www.scouting.org/sitecore/content/MembershipStandards/Resolution/results.aspx.
c. 2013 Baptist Press. Used with permission.
Pope: Atheists Redeemed by Doing Good
Pope: Atheists Redeemed by Doing Good Thursday, May 23, 2013


Rayudu, dropped by Trent Boult on 60, had eight fours and four sixes in his innings and a century in his sights when he was caught off Matt Henry, New Zealand's most successful bowler.
"The wicket got flat at the end, but at one point it looked an easy chase. If the series was on line, we would have played with two spinners and three seamers and Kedar being there, but with the series won, we wanted to try out combinations", he said.
Rayudu and Vijay Shankar shared a 98-run fifth-wicket partnership but the latter was run out for 45 looking for a quick single, only to be stranded at the non-striker's end by Colin Munro's underarm throw. India have already sealed the series by winning first three ODIs.
Latest update: WICKET! Santner can not believe it, this has been such kind of a day for New Zealand.
"Yeah, he walked past me and asked, 'what do you reckon, and maybe it's too high, and maybe it's umpire's call, ' and unfortunately it's one of those things that we move on [from]". Kohli took to Twitter to share his feelings with the team, saying: "Great come back from a tough situation early on to make it 4-1".
Latham, who seemed good in the middle, was the next batsman to depart.
"We saw some chances, maybe the odd mistake which is nice if it goes your way, but for the large part they were able to soak up that pressure and take the game to a stage where then they could knock some hard runs. As he was going so nicely there was that hope and that partnership with him and Santner", Williamson said.
With the three-match T20I series vs New Zealand ahead and also the ICC ODI World Cup 2019 round the corner, India will have to address this weakness to ensure that their much-vaunted batting doesn't crumble on an odd day when the condition aids swing bowling in English conditions. Shubnam Gill failed to impress on his ODI debut, but the 19-year-old is likely to get another opportunity to prove himself.
- The last time before the fifth ODI Ross Taylor was dismissed for a single digit score was back in January, 2018 against Pakistan at Hamilton when he was dismissed for 1 run. A lot of people put their hands up and got us through.
- This was only the fourth time that New Zealand lost four or more matches in a bilateral home ODI series.


Squash House Quilts: New Artist!
A while back in this post I shared a picture of the reversible apron that had "More Quilting, Less Cooking" on one side. I wasn't sure of the name of the pattern/kit maker. Well, I heard from her in an email the other day and she now has her website up and running- and new designs/kits - ready for sale! Please visit Naomi at Hummerdog Quilts. Her latest design is a darling fall table runner. I can't wait to see more from this very talented woman!
I'll leave you with my "steal" from Costco yesterday...not bad for $22.49!
Thank you so much for mentioning me on your blog! I'm so glad that you are enjoying your apron.
Candace, what a great wreath!


Truer words haven't been spoken. With only 2 weeks left to deliver my 3rd and final draft of The Burnout Gamble, my stress levels are at an all time high. In fact, the last time I felt this overwhelmed, I got cold feet on the eve of a fully-booked trip around the world. Considering how that incident spawned the TEDx talk which then spawned my forthcoming book, my present state is both poetic and precarious.
Fortunately, the framework I've developed for beating burnout and achieving more (contained within The Burnout Gamble) has helped me to navigate this uncharted territory.
The first step of this framework, like most steps in any process, is the hardest (but also the most essential): deloading non-essential priorities. It's especially difficult if you're an overachiever. You need to deload the non-essential priorities in your life that are contributing to your stress.
Embracing The Joy of Missing Out – I've made peace with the idea that for the foreseeable future, I can't be as socially active as I'd like to be. In fact, I've come to appreciate the saved time, energy, and attention that I can now dedicate to this book. The gains of delivering my passion projects outweigh the pains of friends & family occasionally complaining about my absence at an event. Besides, they understand.
Reducing Reactivity – Every notification that presents itself to me goes through the sieve known as Eisenhower's Matrix: "what's urgent is seldom important, and what's important is seldom urgent." Only priorities that are both urgent and important are ones that can take my focus off this book.
Condensing My Workload – For days when focusing has been particularly difficult, I've used a simple decision-making framework to determine the next steps for purging emails: delete, defer, diminish, delegate.
Simplifying My Timelines – Rather than saddling myself with mental load of juggling multiple competing and converging deadlines, I've instead grouped things into: now, next, and later.
Following through on all four of these tactics within the first stage of my framework for beating burnout and achieving more have helped me reduce the frequency of stress during this critical time. And when the going gets tough, I hope that they can do the same for you.


The scholarship programme of the non-profit private foundation of the European Forum Alpbach enables young people from across the world to come to Alpbach and to participate in the Forum. The scholarships vary and can range from a participation fee waiver to free room and board.
Meanwhile, scholarship holders in Austria and more than 25 other countries have founded alumni groups, which run their own successful scholarship programmes. All in all, more than 700 scholarship holders from more than 60 countries participate in the European Forum Alpbach every year.
The charitable foundation of the European Forum Alpbach was established on 15 November 2005 to support the objectives of the European Forum Alpbach.
The foundation funds Scholarships for the European Forum Alpbach with the aid of donations. It is based in Vienna.


In a report published Tuesday, Longbow analyst Dmitry Silversteyn downgraded the rating on PolyOne Corporation (NYSE: POL) from Buy to Neutral, saying that the revenue headwinds were "too numerous to overcome" in 2015.
Analyst Dmitry Silversteyn believes that that investors are unlikely to revalue the company's shares higher "until organic top-line growth materializes, which may not occur until 2016."
PolyOne's results indicates a slowdown in industrial segments in EMEA and North America and "confirmed our belief that CA&I may see positive organic growth," at 2 percent y/y in 2Q15 ex-currency, Silversteyn said, while adding that the "cautious outlook on RM benefit was also corroborated by POL."
The company significantly reduced its 2015 EPS and implied lower 2016 outlook. This, together with the lack of organic growth in the back half of this year, suggest that PolyOne's shares could be "range-bound" over the upcoming 3-6 months, as "positive margin surprises no longer seem enough to drive higher multiples in the absence of sales growth," the Longbow report stated.
The EPS estimates for 3Q15, 2015 and 2016 have been reduced from $0.60 to $0.52, from $2.24 to $2.02 and from $2.65 to $2.35, respectively, to reflect lower sales assumptions.


Papaya is a Tasty and healthy fruit.
Papaya is a Tasty and healthy fruit. Papaya fruit, not the whole plant is rich in various medicinal properties. Raw papaya vitamin A and C are found in abundance. Papaya in Ayurveda is considered to overcome the many incurable diseases. Papaya digestive problems to overcome habits, jaundice, hernia, which increases fertility, useful for heart and cholesterol patients, it is like nectar. Today we tell about the properties of the papaya.
vitamins and is found Ppain. To improve the texture of the skin as well as Glow increases.
The minerals that are found, hair vitamins and enzymes are healthy.
papaya seeds have properties to cure liver. They are eaten in some parts of the world. Grind them with honey or pepper can be eaten.
-hypertension drug, as it can also be use. The potassium found because it keeps blood pressure under control. Whose goal is to lose weight, they should include in your diet, of course, because papaya is very low calories. Where a fiber in papaya and makes you feel refreshing while Taro It improves your bowel movement becomes easier to lose weight as a result. Read also: 12 yoga to lose weight.
Your immune system making you sick shield works against many infections. Vitamin C in papaya is only so much that 200 percent of your daily vitamin C requirement is. It strengthens your immune system, of course.
Papaya diet for diabetics as the best option because the flavor is sweet, despite being nominally the sugar. Additionally, those who are not diabetic patient, it can eat away at the dangers of diabetes. Read also: Domestic treatment of diabetes or diabetes.
Papaya is rich in vitamin A, which prevents loss of your eyesight. Anyone with eyesight due to aging to be not dead, and papaya in your diet by including such trouble can Bach.


text:
require 'spec_helper_acceptance'

describe 'keys function' do
  describe 'success' do
    it 'keyss hashes' do
      pp = <<-EOS
      $a = {'aaa'=>'bbb','ccc'=>'ddd'}
      $o = keys($a)
      notice(inline_template('keys is <%= @o.sort.inspect %>'))
      EOS

      apply_manifest(pp, :catch_failures => true) do |r|
        expect(r.stdout).to match(/keys is \["aaa", "ccc"\]/)
      end
    end
    it 'handles non hashes'
    it 'handles empty hashes'
  end
  describe 'failure' do
    it 'handles improper argument counts'
  end
end

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Pigeon Forge RV Park is an innovative RV resort...the newest RV park of its type within the city of Pigeon Forge. Our Mountain Recreational Vehicle Park features large camp sites, with your choice of Pull-Through or Back-In parking or even cabin rentals. Each site offers full hookups along with several extras including cable TV hookups, wireless Internet access, and its own picnic table.
The park offers all our guests complimentary use of a large splash pool, public restrooms and showers, laundry facilities, and even an onsite general store and snack bar. The best part is that you'll enjoy the great Smoky Mountain outdoors yet find yourself only 2 blocks from the Pigeon Forge Parkway. There is even a trolley stop at the park entrance so that you can easily come and go.


text:
Home Boxing Floyd Mayweather vs. Logan Paul Reportedly Now June 5th
Floyd Mayweather vs. Logan Paul Reportedly Now June 5th
Floyd Mayweather Jr.'s exhibition bout against Logan Paul received reinvigoration with a new date.
Floyd Mayweather and Logan Paul's boxing match scheduled for June 5 🥊 pic.twitter.com/JhkN8eXtX0
— Kollege Kidd (@KollegeKidd) April 22, 2021
According to The Athletic, the undefeated boxing legend will face the YouTuber on June 5. The venue is still to be determined.
Previously, the bout was scheduled for Feb. 20 but was later postponed. The younger brother, Jake Paul, recently made headlines when he knocked out former MMA champion Ben Askren in the first round of the Triller Fight Club event in Atlanta.
Showtime Pay-Per-View will broadcast the fight. Initially, Fanmio was hosting the bout.
You just making shit up, what the fuck are you talking about. None of this is true! https://t.co/5wsRB4eqQg
— Leonard Ellerbe (@LEllerbe) April 22, 2021
Leonard Ellerbe, CEO of Mayweather Promotions, disputed a recent report that the fight was used as leverage with Showtime's parent company Viacom CBS; however, more details have emerged.
Floyd owns all the rights to his fights just goes to show you how stupid that sounds. Btw we all work together over here that's how we get shit done! Have a great evening! https://t.co/5wsRB4eqQg
Under the reported terms of the agreement, Mayweather can't weigh in more than 160 pounds. Paul will have to come in under 190 pounds.
Mayweather also revealed that the location is down to five places: Las Vegas, Los Angeles, Miami, Dallas, and Atlanta.
Logan Paul's last stint in the ring was a split-decision loss to fellow YouTuber KSI in November 2019. DAZN streamed that fight.
Mayweather hasn't fought since defeating Japanese kickboxer Tenshin Nasukawa via first-round TKO in an exhibition match in December 2018.
His last professional bout was against UFC star Conor McGregor in 2017, making him 50-0.
The fight sets up a pay-per-view battle of hype versus substance as Mayweather-Paul fight will be the same night as Teofimo Lopez Vs. George Kambosos Jr.
Lopez is the unified lightweight champion who dethroned Vasiliy Lomachenko. Triller Fight Club will broadcast that fight.
Rhett Butler is a Boxing Writer Association of America Journalist, Play-By-Play Commentator, Combat Sports Insider, and Former Mixed Martial Arts and Boxing Promoter. The New York City native honed his skills at various news outlets including but not limited to: TIME Magazine, Money Magazine, CNN's Wolf Blitzer Reports, and more. Rhett hosts the PRITTY Left Hook podcast, a polarizing combat sports insider's take featuring the world's biggest names.


text:
Recycling funds for local towns
TRENTON –
State recycling grants totaling approximately $226,000 are being awarded to the eight communities in The Observer coverage area to implement and enhance local recycling efforts, the N.J. Department of Environmental Protection announced last week.
In all, 588 N.J. municipalities will share $15 million in grants awarded through the state's Recycling Enhancement Act.
The funds are being allocated based on the recycling successes local governments demonstrated in 2012. Disbursement was to begin last week.
The local grants are: Belleville, $15,615; Bloomfield, $31,538; East Newark, $3,890; Harrison, $23,367; Kearny, $54,617; Lyndhurst, $27,948; North Arlington, $27,669; Nutley, $40,369.
"The grants can help municipalities in many ways," said Jane Herndon, DEP Assistant Commissioner for Environmental Management. "They can purchase the best and biggest recycling containers with these funds, educate residents and businesses about the benefits of recycling and help local governments support recycling staff."
The recycling grant program is funded by a $3-per-ton surcharge on trash disposed of at solid waste facilities across the state. The DEP reported that, in 2012, New Jersey generated more than 10.2 million tons of municipal solid waste (MSW) — i.e., garbage — from homes, schools, hospitals, businesses, etc. That same year, the agency documented the recycling of more than 4.4 million tons of recyclable municipal waste, such as glass, aluminum and other metals, and paper.
This resulted in a MSW recycling rate of 44%, an increase of 4% over 2011. By comparison, the national MSW recycling rate in 2012 was 34.5% percent, according to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
Overall, nearly 20.2 million tons of solid waste (including construction debris and other types of non-MSW waste) were generated in New Jersey in 2012, of which 11 million tons were recycled. The overall waste and amount of materials recycled were impacted significantly by debris generated by Superstorm Sandy, the DEP noted.
"We still have the goal of achieving 50% municipal recycling in New Jersey and we would like to see our overall recycling rate grow beyond 60% and stay there," Herndon said.
For a complete list of recycling grants by municipality, visit: http://www.nj.gov/dep/dshw/recycling/ stat_links/2012payout.pdf.
For more information on recycling in New Jersey, visit: http://www.nj.gov/dep/ dshw/recycling.
– Karen Zautyk
School board settles vendor suit


, we choices the best libraries using ideal quality simply for you, and this images is usually one of pictures choices in your finest photos gallery regarding Luxury Cover Letter Fill In the Blanks. I hope you will like it.
put up by admin on 2018-04-17 23:17:09. To see almost all graphics throughout Luxury Cover Letter Fill In the Blanks photos gallery please adhere to that web page link.


text:
Q: How to exclude unused TS files in Angular 9 I updated from Angular 7 to Angular 9 and now getting a bunch of errors similar to this one.

WARNING in
  C:\Users\DEV-SYS\Documents\GitHub\Angular-7\src\environments\environment.prod.ts
  is part of the TypeScript compilation but it's unused. Add only entry
  points to the 'files' or 'include' properties in your tsconfig.

One way to get rid of them would be to delete the file but since i might need the one or other later, how can i tell the system not to try to compile ? I tried adding the below to my tsconfig.app.json with not much luck.
  "exclude": [
        "test.ts",
        "**/*.spec.ts",
        "environment.prod.ts"
    ]

What am i missing here ?

A: As your environment.prod.ts is inside nested folders, you will have to give something like this.
 "exclude": [
        "test.ts",
        "**/*.spec.ts",
        "./src/environments/environment.prod.ts"
    ]

The path you have give form excluding environment.prod.ts file is wrong.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


The Tamarack Lake Electric Boat Co. today officially celebrated the start of assembly of its ten-passenger, solar-assisted electric pontoon boat known as the Loon. The company, which moved from Ontario, Canada, to Rome, N.Y., more than a year ago, has received approximately $300,000 in business incentives from the New York State Energy Research and Development Authority (NYSERDA).
Tamarack, which spent the last year working on several prototypes and setting up networks with suppliers, has started assembling the boats at its headquarters on the Erie Canal. The company currently occupies 3,000 square feet in a former warehouse and hopes to expand to as much as 10,000 square feet.
The Loon has a 50-mile range and a cruising speed of about eight miles per hour, which is typical for this type of boat. The boat's batteries are charged by a photovoltaic array built on the roof of the pontoon vessel, which can be lowered for easy ground transport. The company currently employs four people, but has plans to expand to seven by the end of the year and to 13 employees by the end of 2013.
Tamarack's presence is part of a citywide Renaissance in Rome, with well over $10 million in public and private funds invested in more than a dozen projects, ranging from trails and boat launches to investment in streetscapes and business facilities. Tamarack itself is located at the Rod Mill, which has seen $1.3 million in state funding to change a turn-of-the-century mill into a modern industrial space.
Tamarack Boat is also working with the New York State Environmental Facilities Corp. and New York State Canals to explore possible partnerships.
EFC's $660,000 Green Innovation grant will create a parking area between Harborway and the Erie Canal which will be constructed with pervious paving and rain-absorbing gardens to capture stormwater and reduce water pollution. This parking area will lead to a new boat launch that will be constructed with a $225,000 grant from the New York State Canal Corp.
The transportation sector has considerable potential for energy efficiency, as it makes up about three-fourths of the state's oil consumption and nearly 40 percent of greenhouse gas emissions nationwide.


Just when you thought the possibility of Paul George heading to the Cleveland Cavaliers was dead, a new NBA offseason rumor has reared its hopeful head.
According to Marc Stein of ESPN, the Indiana Pacers, Denver Nuggets, and Cavs have been working on a potential three-way trade that would send George to the Cavaliers and Kevin Love to the Nuggets.
ESPN's Chris Haynes has reported on a version of the same deal that would also send Kenneth Faried to the Cavaliers, assumably to take over the starting power forward role.
While these deals are nothing more than rumors at the moment, trading two starter quality players for the price of one would be a fantastic offseason move for the defending Eastern Conference champs.


text: Q: Detect the maximum amplitude of sound in an audio files like (.mp3,.WAV) I want to calculate the maximum value of amplitude in an audio file. The audio file is generated after completion of the conversion of speech to text using Android speech to text converter.


The first MSPaint animation to make me laugh.
lol thanks a lot dude! I dunno how to work Adobe Flash yet. I'm learning it for my next video. I promise it'll have it.
I really enjoyed your directing.
Thank you for giving an HONEST review unlike the three 0's below me.
+ (I forgot the word): I cringed when the Huge puzzle was being disturbed, because it was clear there was a lot of effort put into it.
+ Clear voice acting, sound effects and BGM didn't distract from the movie.
+ Style, & non distracting background.
? The guy says the puzzle is 'All human knowledge" but doesn't human knowledge change?
? Are you thinking about updating the logo?
+ bg doesn't steal focus.
- shorter than the ad.
- No sound or music.
I absolutely agree. Thank you for the ideas and I shall fix and release a new version ASAP. I am already working on another project, should be done soon. it's a much better idea with replay capability, and intended for replay. It's another demo with only 1 level, that will have more levels as time goes on. It is a platformer. Tell me what you think about that one. I think you'll like it!
+I enjoyed the fast pace & challenge.
+ Crisp and clear sound with dimension.
+ I appreciated the (mixing it up) towards the end.
- I prefer a finish to songs; anybody could put in a fade-ending afterwards.
I agree that more thought could have been put into the ending. I feel that your opinion might be slightly different if that sort of ending was not so overused.
You should tint the background items.


text:
Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome
Holly Yancy, Joyce K. Lee-Iannotti, Todd J. Schwedt, David W. Dodick
Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS) is a cerebrovascular disorder with a clinical picture that continues to be refined. It has presented to multiple subspecialties over the past several decades, bringing with it many questions regarding risk factors, diagnosis, and management. Answers have been forthcoming but many questions remain. RCVS presents with recurrent, secondary thunderclap headaches and predominantly affects young women. The mechanism of vasoconstriction is unclear, but there has been speculation regarding a hyperadrenergic state. Diagnosis requires physician awareness, vascular imaging, and knowledge of the differential. The hallmark of its diagnosis is reversibility. Management is empiric, usually with calcium-channel blockers, as there are no controlled treatment trials for RCVS. Randomized controlled trials are needed.
https://doi.org/10.1111/head.12040
Call-Fleming syndrome
benign angiopathy of the central nervous system
10.1111/head.12040
Dive into the research topics of 'Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
Vasoconstriction Medicine & Life Sciences 100%
Primary Headache Disorders Medicine & Life Sciences 34%
Risk Management Medicine & Life Sciences 26%
Calcium Channel Blockers Medicine & Life Sciences 26%
Cerebrovascular Disorders Medicine & Life Sciences 25%
Physicians Medicine & Life Sciences 15%
Yancy, H., Lee-Iannotti, J. K., Schwedt, T. J., & Dodick, D. W. (2013). Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome. Headache, 53(3), 570-576. https://doi.org/10.1111/head.12040
Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome. / Yancy, Holly; Lee-Iannotti, Joyce K.; Schwedt, Todd J. et al.
In: Headache, Vol. 53, No. 3, 03.2013, p. 570-576.
Yancy, H, Lee-Iannotti, JK, Schwedt, TJ & Dodick, DW 2013, 'Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome', Headache, vol. 53, no. 3, pp. 570-576. https://doi.org/10.1111/head.12040
Yancy H, Lee-Iannotti JK, Schwedt TJ, Dodick DW. Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome. Headache. 2013 Mar;53(3):570-576. doi: 10.1111/head.12040
Yancy, Holly ; Lee-Iannotti, Joyce K. ; Schwedt, Todd J. et al. / Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome. In: Headache. 2013 ; Vol. 53, No. 3. pp. 570-576.
@article{52938f012b3849c5b5a4a49b5a869dba,
title = "Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome",
abstract = "Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS) is a cerebrovascular disorder with a clinical picture that continues to be refined. It has presented to multiple subspecialties over the past several decades, bringing with it many questions regarding risk factors, diagnosis, and management. Answers have been forthcoming but many questions remain. RCVS presents with recurrent, secondary thunderclap headaches and predominantly affects young women. The mechanism of vasoconstriction is unclear, but there has been speculation regarding a hyperadrenergic state. Diagnosis requires physician awareness, vascular imaging, and knowledge of the differential. The hallmark of its diagnosis is reversibility. Management is empiric, usually with calcium-channel blockers, as there are no controlled treatment trials for RCVS. Randomized controlled trials are needed.",
keywords = "Call-Fleming syndrome, benign angiopathy of the central nervous system, reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome",
author = "Holly Yancy and Lee-Iannotti, {Joyce K.} and Schwedt, {Todd J.} and Dodick, {David W.}",
doi = "10.1111/head.12040",
journal = "Headache",
T1 - Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome
AU - Yancy, Holly
AU - Lee-Iannotti, Joyce K.
AU - Schwedt, Todd J.
AU - Dodick, David W.
N2 - Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS) is a cerebrovascular disorder with a clinical picture that continues to be refined. It has presented to multiple subspecialties over the past several decades, bringing with it many questions regarding risk factors, diagnosis, and management. Answers have been forthcoming but many questions remain. RCVS presents with recurrent, secondary thunderclap headaches and predominantly affects young women. The mechanism of vasoconstriction is unclear, but there has been speculation regarding a hyperadrenergic state. Diagnosis requires physician awareness, vascular imaging, and knowledge of the differential. The hallmark of its diagnosis is reversibility. Management is empiric, usually with calcium-channel blockers, as there are no controlled treatment trials for RCVS. Randomized controlled trials are needed.
AB - Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS) is a cerebrovascular disorder with a clinical picture that continues to be refined. It has presented to multiple subspecialties over the past several decades, bringing with it many questions regarding risk factors, diagnosis, and management. Answers have been forthcoming but many questions remain. RCVS presents with recurrent, secondary thunderclap headaches and predominantly affects young women. The mechanism of vasoconstriction is unclear, but there has been speculation regarding a hyperadrenergic state. Diagnosis requires physician awareness, vascular imaging, and knowledge of the differential. The hallmark of its diagnosis is reversibility. Management is empiric, usually with calcium-channel blockers, as there are no controlled treatment trials for RCVS. Randomized controlled trials are needed.
KW - Call-Fleming syndrome
KW - benign angiopathy of the central nervous system
KW - reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome
U2 - 10.1111/head.12040
DO - 10.1111/head.12040
JO - Headache
JF - Headache