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Civil Code - CIV
DIVISION 3. OBLIGATIONS [1427 - 3273]
( Heading of Division 3 amended by Stats. 1988, Ch. 160, Sec. 14. )
PART 4. OBLIGATIONS ARISING FROM PARTICULAR TRANSACTIONS [1738 - 3273]
( Part 4 enacted 1872. )
TITLE 14. LIEN [2872 - 3081]
( Title 14 enacted 1872. )
CHAPTER 6.5. Liens on Vehicles [3067 - 3074]
( Chapter 6.5 added by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )
Words used in this chapter which are defined in Division 1 of the Vehicle Code shall have the same meaning as in the Vehicle Code.
(Added by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3.)
All forms required pursuant to the provisions of this chapter shall be prescribed by the Department of Motor Vehicles. The language used in the notices and declarations shall be simple and nontechnical.
(Added by Stats. 1980, Ch. 1111, Sec. 1.)
This chapter shall not apply to any manufactured home, as defined in Section 18007 of the Health and Safety Code, to any mobilehome, as defined in Section 18008 of the Health and Safety Code, or to any commercial coach, as defined in Section 18001.8 of the Health and Safety Code, whether or not the manufactured home, mobilehome, or commercial coach is subject to registration under the Health and Safety Code.
(a) Every person has a lien dependent upon possession for the compensation to which the person is legally entitled for making repairs or performing labor upon, and furnishing supplies or materials for, and for the storage, repair, or safekeeping of, and for the rental of parking space for, any vehicle of a type subject to registration under the Vehicle Code, subject to the limitations set forth in this chapter. The lien shall be deemed to arise at the time a written statement of charges for completed work or services is presented to the registered owner or 15 days after the work or services are completed, whichever occurs first. Upon completion of the work or services, the lienholder shall not dismantle, disengage, remove, or strip from the vehicle the parts used to complete the work or services.
(b) (1) Any lien under this section that arises because work or services have been performed on a vehicle with the consent of the registered owner shall be extinguished and no lien sale shall be conducted unless either of the following occurs:
(A) The lienholder applies for an authorization to conduct a lien sale within 30 days after the lien has arisen.
(B) An action in court is filed within 30 days after the lien has arisen.
(2) A person whose lien for work or services on a vehicle has been extinguished shall turn over possession of the vehicle, at the place where the work or services were performed, to the legal owner or the lessor upon demand of the legal owner or lessor, and upon tender by the legal owner or lessor, by cashier's check or in cash, of only the amount for storage, safekeeping, or parking space rental for the vehicle to which the person is entitled by subdivision (c).
(3) Any lien under this section that arises because work or services have been performed on a vehicle with the consent of the registered owner shall be extinguished, and no lien sale shall be conducted, if the lienholder, after written demand made by either personal service or certified mail with return receipt requested by the legal owner or the lessor to inspect the vehicle, fails to permit that inspection by the legal owner or lessor, or his or her agent, within a period of time not sooner than 24 hours nor later than 72 hours after the receipt of that written demand, during the normal business hours of the lienholder.
(4) Any lien under this section that arises because work or services have been performed on a vehicle with the consent of the registered owner shall be extinguished, and no lien sale shall be conducted, if the lienholder, after written demand made by either personal service or certified mail with return receipt requested by the legal owner or the lessor to receive a written copy of the work order or invoice reflecting the services or repairs performed on the vehicle and the authorization from the registered owner requesting the lienholder to perform the services or repairs, fails to provide that copy to the legal owner or lessor, or his or her agent, within 10 days after the receipt of that written demand.
(c) The lienholder shall not charge the legal owner or lessor any amount for release of the vehicle in excess of the amounts authorized by this subdivision.
(1) That portion of the lien in excess of one thousand five hundred dollars ($1,500) for any work or services, or that amount, subject to the limitations contained in Section 10652.5 of the Vehicle Code, in excess of one thousand twenty-five dollars ($1,025) for any storage, safekeeping, or rental of parking space or, if an application for an authorization to conduct a lien sale has been filed pursuant to Section 3071 within 30 days after the commencement of the storage or safekeeping, in excess of one thousand two hundred fifty dollars ($1,250) for any storage or safekeeping, rendered or performed at the request of any person other than the legal owner or lessor, is invalid, unless prior to commencing any work, services, storage, safekeeping, or rental of parking space, the person claiming the lien gives actual notice in writing either by personal service or by registered letter addressed to the legal owner named in the registration certificate, and the written consent of that legal owner is obtained before any work, services, storage, safekeeping, or rental of parking space are performed.
(2) Subject to the limitations contained in Section 10652.5 of the Vehicle Code, if any portion of a lien includes charges for the care, storage, or safekeeping of, or for the rental of parking space for, a vehicle for a period in excess of 60 days, the portion of the lien that accrued after the expiration of that period is invalid unless Sections 10650 and 10652 of the Vehicle Code have been complied with by the holder of the lien.
(3) The charge for the care, storage, or safekeeping of a vehicle which may be charged to the legal owner or lessor shall not exceed that for one day of storage if, 24 hours or less after the vehicle is placed in storage, a request is made for the release of the vehicle. If the request is made more than 24 hours after the vehicle is placed in storage, charges may be imposed on a full, calendar-day basis for each day, or part thereof, that the vehicle is in storage.
(d) In any action brought by or on behalf of the legal owner or lessor to recover a vehicle alleged to be wrongfully withheld by the person claiming a lien pursuant to this section, the prevailing party shall be entitled to reasonable attorney's fees and costs, not to exceed one thousand seven hundred fifty dollars ($1,750).
(Amended by Stats. 2007, Ch. 121, Sec. 1. Effective January 1, 2008.)
(a) (1) Every person has a lien dependent upon possession for the compensation to which the person is legally entitled for towing, storage, or labor associated with recovery or load salvage of any vehicle subject to registration that has been authorized to be removed by a public agency, a private property owner pursuant to Section 22658 of the Vehicle Code, or a lessee, operator, or registered owner of the vehicle. The lien is deemed to arise on the date of possession of the vehicle. Possession is deemed to arise when the vehicle is removed and is in transit, or when vehicle recovery operations or load salvage operations have begun. A person seeking to enforce a lien for the storage and safekeeping of a vehicle shall impose no charge exceeding that for one day of storage if, 24 hours or less after the vehicle is placed in storage, the vehicle is released. If the release is made more than 24 hours after the vehicle is placed in storage, charges may be imposed on a full-calendar-day basis for each day, or part thereof, that the vehicle is in storage. If a request to release the vehicle is made and the appropriate fees are tendered and documentation establishing that the person requesting release is entitled to possession of the vehicle, or is the owner's insurance representative, is presented within the initial 24 hours of storage, and the storage facility fails to comply with the request to release the vehicle or is not open for business during normal business hours, then only one day's charge may be required to be paid until after the first business day. A "business day" is any day in which the lienholder is open for business to the public for at least eight hours. If the request is made more than 24 hours after the vehicle is placed in storage, charges may be imposed on a full-calendar-day basis for each day, or part thereof, that the vehicle is in storage.
(2) "Documentation" that would entitle a person to possession of the vehicle includes, but is not limited to, a certificate of ownership, vehicle registration, information in the possession of the lienholder including ownership information obtained from the Department of Motor Vehicles or a facially valid registration found within the vehicle, or a notarized letter or statement from the legal or registered owner providing authorization to release to a particular person with a government-issued photographic identification card. Documentation that establishes that a person is the owner's insurance representative includes, but is not limited to, a faxed letter or other letter from the owner's insurance company. A lienholder is not responsible for determining the authenticity of documentation specifically described in this subdivision that establishes either a person's entitlement to possession or that a person is the owner's insurance representative.
(b) If the vehicle has been determined to have a value not exceeding four thousand dollars ($4,000), the lien shall be satisfied pursuant to Section 3072. Lien sale proceedings pursuant to Section 3072 shall commence within 15 days of the date the lien arises. No storage shall accrue beyond the 15-day period unless lien sale proceedings pursuant to Section 3072 have commenced. The storage lien may be for a period not exceeding 60 days if a completed notice of a pending lien sale form has been filed pursuant to Section 3072 within 15 days after the lien arises. Notwithstanding this 60-day limitation, the storage lien may be for a period not exceeding 120 days if any one of the following occurs:
(1) A Declaration of Opposition form is filed with the department pursuant to Section 3072.
(2) The vehicle has an out-of-state registration.
(3) The vehicle identification number was altered or removed.
(4) A person who has an interest in the vehicle becomes known to the lienholder after the lienholder has complied with subdivision (b) of Section 3072.
(c) If the vehicle has been determined to have a value exceeding four thousand dollars ($4,000) pursuant to Section 22670 of the Vehicle Code, the lien shall be satisfied pursuant to Section 3071. The storage lien may be for a period not exceeding 120 days if an application for an authorization to conduct a lien sale has been filed pursuant to Section 3071.
(d) (1) Any lien under this section shall be extinguished, and a lien sale shall not be conducted, if any one of the following occurs:
(A) The lienholder, after written demand to inspect the vehicle made by either personal service or certified mail with return receipt requested by the legal owner or the lessor, fails to permit the inspection by the legal owner or lessor, or his or her agent, within a period of time of at least 24 hours, but not to exceed 72 hours, after the receipt of that written demand, during the normal business hours of the lienholder. The legal owner or lessor shall comply with inspection and vehicle release policies of the impounding public agency.
(B) The amount claimed for storage exceeds the posted rates.
(2) "Agent" includes, but is not limited to, any person designated to inspect the vehicle by the request of the legal owner or lessor, in writing or by telephone, to the lienholder. A lienholder is not responsible for determining the authenticity of documentation establishing a person's agency for the purposes of inspection of a vehicle.
(e) A lienholder shall not be liable for any claim or dispute directly arising out of the reliance on documentation specifically described in paragraph (2) of subdivision (a) for purposes of releasing a vehicle.
(Amended by Stats. 2010, Ch. 566, Sec. 1. (AB 519) Effective January 1, 2011.)
(a) A tow truck operator who has a lien on a vehicle pursuant to Section 3068.1 has a deficiency claim against the registered owner of the vehicle if the vehicle is not leased or leased with a driver for an amount equal to the towing and storage charges, not to exceed 120 days of storage, and the lien sale processing fee pursuant to Section 3074, less the amount received from the sale of the vehicle.
(b) A tow truck operator who has a lien on a vehicle pursuant to Section 3068.1 has a deficiency claim against the lessee of the vehicle if the vehicle is leased without a driver for an amount equal to the towing and storage charge, not to exceed 120 days of storage, and the lien sale processing fee described in Section 3074, less the amount received from the sale of the vehicle.
(c) Storage costs incurred after the sale shall not be included in calculating the amount received from the sale of the vehicle.
(d) A registered owner who has sold or transferred his or her vehicle prior to the vehicle's removal and who was not responsible for creating the circumstances leading to the removal of the vehicle is not liable for any deficiency under this section if that registered owner executes a notice pursuant to Section 5900 of the Vehicle Code and submits the notice to the Department of Motor Vehicles. The person identified as the transferee in the notice submitted to the Department of Motor Vehicles shall be liable for the amount of any deficiency only if that person received notice of the transfer and is responsible for the event leading to abandonment of the vehicle or requested the removal.
(e) Except as provided in Section 22524.5 of the Vehicle Code, if the transferee is an insurer and the transferor is its insured or his or her agent or representative, the insurer shall not be liable for any deficiency, unless the insurer agrees at the time of the transfer, to assume liability for the deficiency.
(Added by Stats. 1994, Ch. 1220, Sec. 2.5. Effective September 30, 1994.)
Any lien provided for in this chapter for labor or materials, or for storage or safekeeping of a vehicle when abandoned on private property may be assigned by written instrument accompanied by delivery of possession of the vehicle, subject to the lien, and the assignee may exercise the rights of a lienholder as provided in this chapter. Any lienholder assigning a lien as authorized herein shall at the time of assigning the lien give written notice either by personal delivery or by registered or certified mail, to the registered and legal owner of the assignment, including the name and address of the person to whom the lien is assigned.
(Amended by Stats. 1969, Ch. 125.)
(a) Whenever the possessory lien upon any vehicle is lost through trick, fraud, or device, the repossession of the vehicle by the lienholder revives the possessory lien but any lien so revived is subordinate to any right, title, or interest of any person under any sale, transfer, encumbrance, lien, or other interest acquired or secured in good faith and for value between the time of the loss of possession and the time of repossession.
(b) It is a misdemeanor for any person to obtain possession of any vehicle or any part thereof subject to a lien pursuant to this chapter by trick, fraud, or device.
(c) It is a misdemeanor for any person claiming a lien on a vehicle to knowingly violate this chapter.
(d) (1) Any person who improperly causes a vehicle to be towed or removed in order to create or acquire a lienhold interest enforceable under this chapter, or who violates subdivision (c), shall forfeit all claims for towing, removal, or storage, and shall be liable to the owner or lessee of the vehicle for the cost of removal, transportation, and storage, damages resulting from the towing, removal, transportation, or storage of the vehicle, attorneys' fees, and court costs.
(2) For purposes of this subdivision, "improperly causes a vehicle to be towed or removed" includes, but is not limited to, engaging in any of the following acts, the consequence of which is the towing or removal of a vehicle:
(A) Failure to comply with Section 10650, 10652.5, or 10655 of the Vehicle Code.
(B) Misrepresentation of information described in subdivision (b) of Section 10650 of the Vehicle Code.
(C) Failure to comply with Section 22658 of the Vehicle Code.
(D) Failure, when obtaining authorization for the removal of a vehicle from a vehicle owner or operator where a law enforcement officer is not present at the scene of an accident, to present a form for signature that plainly identifies all applicable towing and storage fees and charges by type and amount, and identifies the name and address of the storage facility unless a different storage facility is specified by the vehicle owner or operator, and to furnish a copy of the signed form to the owner or operator.
(E) Failure by the owner or operator of a facility used for the storage of towed vehicles to display, in plain view at all cashiers' stations, a sign not less than 17 by 22 inches in size with lettering not less than one inch in height, disclosing all storage fees and charges in force, including the maximum daily storage rate.
(F) Undertaking repairs or service on a vehicle which is being stored at a facility used for the storage of towed vehicles without first providing a written estimate to, and obtaining the express written consent of, the owner of the vehicle.
(G) The promise to pay or the payment of money or other valuable consideration by any owner or operator of a towing service to the owner or operator of the premises from which the vehicle is towed or removed, for the privilege of towing or removing the vehicle.
(a) A lienholder shall apply to the department for the issuance of an authorization to conduct a lien sale pursuant to this section for any vehicle with a value determined to be over four thousand dollars ($4,000). A filing fee shall be charged by the department and may be recovered by the lienholder if a lien sale is conducted or if the vehicle is redeemed. The application shall be executed under penalty of perjury and shall include all of the following information:
(1) A description of the vehicle, including make, year model, identification number, license number, and state of registration. For motorcycles, the engine number also shall be included. If the vehicle identification number is not available, the department shall request an inspection of the vehicle by a peace officer, licensed vehicle verifier, or departmental employee before accepting the application.
(2) The names and addresses of the registered and legal owners of the vehicle, if ascertainable from the registration certificates within the vehicle, and the name and address of any person whom the lienholder knows, or reasonably should know, claims an interest in the vehicle.
(3) A statement of the amount of the lien and the facts that give rise to the lien.
(b) Upon receipt of an application made pursuant to subdivision (a), the department shall do all of the following:
(1) Notify the vehicle registry agency of a foreign state of the pending lien sale, if the vehicle bears indicia of registration in that state.
(2) By certified mail, send a notice, a copy of the application, and a return envelope preaddressed to the department to the registered and legal owners at their addresses of record with the department, and to any other person whose name and address is listed in the application.
(c) The notice required pursuant to subdivision (b) shall include all of the following statements and information:
(1) An application has been made with the department for authorization to conduct a lien sale.
(2) The person has a right to a hearing in court.
(3) If a hearing in court is desired, a Declaration of Opposition form, signed under penalty of perjury, shall be signed and returned to the department within 10 days of the date that the notice required pursuant to subdivision (b) was mailed.
(4) If the Declaration of Opposition form is signed and returned to the department, the lienholder shall be allowed to sell the vehicle only if he or she obtains a court judgment, if he or she obtains a subsequent release from the declarant or if the declarant, cannot be served as described in subdivision (e).
(5) If a court action is filed, the declarant shall be notified of the lawsuit at the address shown on the Declaration of Opposition form and may appear to contest the claim.
(6) The person may be liable for court costs if a judgment is entered in favor of the lienholder.
(d) If the department receives the Declaration of Opposition form in the time specified, the department shall notify the lienholder within 16 days of the receipt of the form that a lien sale shall not be conducted unless the lienholder files an action in court within 30 days of the department's notice under this subdivision. A lien sale of the vehicle shall not be conducted unless judgment is subsequently entered in favor of the lienholder or the declarant subsequently releases his or her interest in the vehicle. If a money judgment is entered in favor of the lienholder and the judgment is not paid within five days after becoming final, then the judgment may be enforced by lien sale proceedings conducted pursuant to subdivision (f).
(e) Service on the declarant in person or by certified mail with return receipt requested, signed by the declarant or an authorized agent of the declarant at the address shown on the Declaration of Opposition form, shall be effective for the serving of process. If the lienholder has served the declarant by certified mail at the address shown on the Declaration of Opposition form and the mail has been returned unclaimed, or if the lienholder has attempted to effect service on the declarant in person with a marshal, sheriff, or licensed process server and the marshal, sheriff, or licensed process server has been unable to effect service on the declarant, the lienholder may proceed with the judicial proceeding or proceed with the lien sale without a judicial proceeding. The lienholder shall notify the department of the inability to effect service on the declarant and shall provide the department with a copy of the documents with which service on the declarant was attempted. Upon receipt of the notification of unsuccessful service, the department shall send authorization of the sale to the lienholder and send notification of the authorization to the declarant.
(f) Upon receipt of authorization to conduct the lien sale from the department, the lienholder shall immediately do all of the following:
(1) At least five days, but not more than 20 days, prior to the lien sale, not counting the day of the sale, give notice of the sale by advertising once in a newspaper of general circulation published in the county in which the vehicle is located. If there is no newspaper published in the county, notice shall be given by posting a Notice of Sale form in three of the most public places in the town in which the vehicle is located and at the place where the vehicle is to be sold for 10 consecutive days prior to and including the day of the sale.
(2) Send a Notice of Pending Lien Sale form 20 days prior to the sale but not counting the day of sale, by certified mail with return receipt requested, to each of the following:
(A) The registered and legal owners of the vehicle, if registered in this state.
(B) All persons known to have an interest in the vehicle.
(C) The department.
(g) All notices required by this section, including the notice forms prescribed by the department, shall specify the make, year model, vehicle identification number, license number, and state of registration, if available, and the specific date, exact time, and place of sale. For motorcycles, the engine number shall also be included.
(h) Following the sale of a vehicle, the person who conducts the sale shall do both of the following:
(1) Remove and destroy the vehicle's license plates.
(2) Within five days of the sale, submit a completed "Notice of Release of Liability" form to the Department of Motor Vehicles.
(i) The Department of Motor Vehicles shall retain all submitted forms described in paragraph (2) of subdivision (h) for two years.
(j) No lien sale shall be undertaken pursuant to this section unless the vehicle has been available for inspection at a location easily accessible to the public for at least one hour before the sale and is at the place of sale at the time and date specified on the notice of sale. Sealed bids shall not be accepted. The lienholder shall conduct the sale in a commercially reasonable manner.
(k) Within 10 days after the sale of any vehicle pursuant to this section, the legal or registered owner may redeem the vehicle upon the payment of the amount of the sale, all costs and expenses of the sale, together with interest on the sum at the rate of 12 percent per annum from the due date thereof or the date when that sum was advanced until the repayment. If the vehicle is not redeemed, all lien sale documents required by the department shall then be completed and delivered to the buyer.
(l) Any lien sale pursuant to this section shall be void if the lienholder does not comply with this chapter. Any lien for fees or storage charges for parking and storage of a motor vehicle shall be subject to Section 10652.5 of the Vehicle Code.
(Amended by Stats. 2001, Ch. 127, Sec. 1. Effective July 30, 2001.)
(a) A registered or legal owner of a vehicle in the possession of a person holding a lien under this chapter may release any interest in the vehicle after the lien has arisen. The release shall be dated when signed and a copy shall be given at the time the release is signed to the person releasing the interest.
(b) The release shall be in at least 12-point type and shall contain all of the following information in simple, nontechnical language:
(1) A description of the vehicle, including the year and make, the engine or vehicle identification number, and the license number, if available.
(2) The names and addresses of the registered and legal owners of record with the Department of Motor Vehicles, if available.
(3) A statement of the amount of the lien and the facts concerning the claim which gives rise to the lien.
(4) A statement that the person releasing the interest understands that (i) he has a legal right to a hearing in court prior to any sale of the vehicle to satisfy the lien and (ii) he is giving up the right to appear to contest the claim of the lienholder.
(5) A statement that (i) the person releasing the interest gives up any interest he may have in the vehicle and (ii) he is giving the lienholder permission to sell the vehicle.
(c) The release required by this section shall not be filed with the department in connection with any transfer of interest in a vehicle.
(Amended by Stats. 1978, Ch. 1005.)
(a) For vehicles with a value determined to be four thousand dollars ($4,000) or less, the lienholder shall apply to the department for the names and addresses of the registered and legal owners of record. The request shall include a description of the vehicle, including make, year, model, identification number, license number, and state of registration. If the vehicle identification number is not available, the Department of Motor Vehicles shall request an inspection of the vehicle by a peace officer, licensed vehicle verifier, or departmental employee before releasing the names and addresses of the registered and legal owners and interested parties.
(b) The lienholder shall, immediately upon receipt of the names and addresses, send, by certified mail with return receipt requested or by United States Postal Service Certificate of Mailing, a completed Notice of Pending Lien Sale form, a blank Declaration of Opposition form, and a return envelope preaddressed to the department, to the registered owner and legal owner at their addresses of record with the department, and to any other person known to have an interest in the vehicle. The lienholder shall additionally send a copy of the completed Notice of Pending Lien Sale form to the department by certified mail on the same day that the other notices are mailed pursuant to this subdivision.
(c) All notices to persons having an interest in the vehicle shall be signed under penalty of perjury and shall include all of the following information and statements:
(1) A description of the vehicle, including make, year model, identification number, license number, and state of registration. For motorcycles, the engine number shall also be included.
(2) The specific date, exact time, and place of sale, which shall be set not less than 31 days, but not more than 41 days, from the date of mailing.
(3) The names and addresses of the registered and legal owners of the vehicle and any other person known to have an interest in the vehicle.
(4) All of the following statements:
(A) The amount of the lien and the facts concerning the claim which gives rise to the lien.
(B) The person has a right to a hearing in court.
(C) If a court hearing is desired, a Declaration of Opposition form, signed under penalty of perjury, shall be signed and returned to the department within 10 days of the date the Notice of Pending Lien Sale form was mailed.
(D) If the Declaration of Opposition form is signed and returned, the lienholder shall be allowed to sell the vehicle only if he or she obtains a court judgment or if he or she obtains a subsequent release from the declarant or if the declarant cannot be served as described in subdivision (e).
(E) If a court action is filed, the declarant shall be notified of the lawsuit at the address shown on the Declaration of Opposition form and may appear to contest the claim.
(F) The person may be liable for court costs if a judgment is entered in favor of the lienholder.
(d) If the department receives the completed Declaration of Opposition form within the time specified, the department shall notify the lienholder within 16 days that a lien sale shall not be conducted unless the lienholder files an action in court within 30 days of the notice and judgment is subsequently entered in favor of the lienholder or the declarant subsequently releases his or her interest in the vehicle. If a money judgment is entered in favor of the lienholder and the judgment is not paid within five days after becoming final, then the judgment may be enforced by lien sale proceedings conducted pursuant to subdivision (f).
(e) Service on the declarant in person or by certified mail with return receipt requested, signed by the declarant or an authorized agent of the declarant at the address shown on the Declaration of Opposition form, shall be effective for the serving of process. If the lienholder has served the declarant by certified mail at the address shown on the Declaration of Opposition form and the mail has been returned unclaimed, or if the lienholder has attempted to effect service on the declarant in person with a marshal, sheriff, or licensed process server and the marshal, sheriff, or licensed process server has been unable to effect service on the declarant, the lienholder may proceed with the judicial proceeding or proceed with the lien sale without a judicial proceeding. The lienholder shall notify the Department of Motor Vehicles of the inability to effect service on the declarant and shall provide the Department of Motor Vehicles with a copy of the documents with which service on the declarant was attempted. Upon receipt of the notification of unsuccessful service, the Department of Motor Vehicles shall send authorization of the sale to the lienholder and shall send notification of the authorization to the declarant.
(f) At least 10 consecutive days prior to and including the day of the sale, the lienholder shall post a Notice of Pending Lien Sale form in a conspicuous place on the premises of the business office of the lienholder and if the pending lien sale is scheduled to occur at a place other than the premises of the business office of the lienholder, at the site of the forthcoming sale. The Notice of Pending Lien Sale form shall state the specific date and exact time of the sale and description of the vehicle, including the make, year model, identification number, license number, and state of registration. For motorcycles, the engine number shall also be included. The notice of sale shall remain posted until the sale is completed.
(g) Following the sale of a vehicle, the person who conducts the sale shall do both of the following:
(2) Within five days of the sale, submit a completed "Notice of Release of Liability" form with the Department of Motor Vehicles.
(h) The Department of Motor Vehicles shall retain all submitted forms described in paragraph (2) of subdivision (g) for two years.
(i) No lien sale shall be undertaken pursuant to this section unless the vehicle has been available for inspection at a location easily accessible to the public at least one hour before the sale and is at the place of sale at the time and date specified on the notice of sale. Sealed bids shall not be accepted. The lienholder shall conduct the sale in a commercially reasonable manner. All lien sale documents required by the department shall be completed and delivered to the buyer immediately following the sale.
(j) Any lien sale pursuant to this section shall be void if the lienholder does not comply with this chapter. Any lien for fees or storage charges for parking and storage of a motor vehicle shall be subject to Section 10652.5 of the Vehicle Code.
The proceeds of a vehicle lien sale under this article shall be disposed of as follows:
(a) The amount necessary to discharge the lien and the cost of processing the vehicle shall be paid to the lienholder. The cost of processing shall not exceed seventy dollars ($70) for each vehicle valued at four thousand dollars ($4,000) or less, or one hundred dollars ($100) for each vehicle valued over four thousand dollars ($4,000).
(b) The balance, if any, shall be forwarded to the Department of Motor Vehicles within 15 days of any sale conducted pursuant to Section 3071 or within five days of any sale conducted pursuant to Section 3072 and deposited in the Motor Vehicle Account in the State Transportation Fund, unless federal law requires these funds to be disposed in a different manner.
(c) Any person claiming an interest in the vehicle may file a claim with the Department of Motor Vehicles for any portion of the funds from the lien sale that were forwarded to the department pursuant to subdivision (b). Upon a determination of the Department of Motor Vehicles that the claimant is entitled to an amount from the balance deposited with the department, the department shall pay that amount determined by the department, which amount shall not exceed the amount forwarded to the department pursuant to subdivision (b) in connection with the sale of the vehicle in which the claimant claims an interest. The department shall not honor any claim unless the claim has been filed within three years of the date the funds were deposited in the Motor Vehicle Account.
The lienholder may charge a fee for lien sale preparations not to exceed seventy dollars ($70) in the case of a vehicle having a value determined to be four thousand dollars ($4,000) or less and not to exceed one hundred dollars ($100) in the case of a vehicle having a value determined to be greater than four thousand dollars ($4,000), from any person who redeems the vehicle prior to disposal or is paid through a lien sale pursuant to this chapter. These charges may commence and become part of the possessory lien when the lienholder requests the names and addresses of all persons having an interest in the vehicle from the Department of Motor Vehicles. Not more than 50 percent of the allowable fee may be charged until the lien sale notifications are mailed to all interested parties and the lienholder or registration service agent has possession of the required lien processing documents. This charge shall not be made in the case of any vehicle redeemed prior to 72 hours from the initial storage.
CIVCivil Code - CIV


Focus on outcomes, not processes and tools. "Beware of finding a job for the tool." This was a simple but powerful point made by N5 Founder Neha Saigal during one of the day's "Sprinting with a Learning Mindset" lightning talks. Her point is spot on. A design sprint is supposed to help address problems that lack clear solutions. But as I have noted on our blog, there are times when a design sprint is not the right solution. Those situations include when a business has an already well-defined product and is ready for development instead of doing initial concepting; when a product requires significant research before testing, especially if no one on the development team has a clear perspective of customers' wants and needs; or the scope of the problem is either too broad (e.g., entering a new market) or narrow (e.g., a small product tweak). In addition, they are not cookie-cutter tools – rather, design sprints need to be customized for different needs. It was great to hear Neha underscore these important points.
Respect the human factor. The design sprint is a human process influenced by the people who participate in it. This learning was a constant theme throughout the day. For example, our icebreaker activity consisted of an exercise in which we used laminated cards to identify "design sprint monsters," or difficult personalities who can disrupt a design sprint, such as "AllMightyTops," who always insists on asserting authority. And during a morning presentation, Consultant and Coach Tom Chi cautioned, "Smart people will always come up with smart reasons for their guesses, but that doesn't change them from being guesses. Direct experience drives clear decisions." His point underscored the importance of not allowing personalities to drive decision making. A person who states an opinion about what the customer need is still asserting an opinion, however articulate they might be. For all personality types, it's important to be empathetic. Understand what's motivation each person in the room and adapt your style and tone accordingly to align different agendas and personalities around a single process and goal.
Observe to learn. I was struck by Tom Chi's discussion of the magic moment, or that time when your customer demonstrates a change in energy during the testing of a prototype during a design sprint. The magic moment is crucial because it directly informs where your prototype should focus. But the magic moment doesn't announce itself. You have to closely watch your customer. Tom discussed being mindful of the customer's energy level. "What's way more important than getting through the prototype is if the person's energy changes as they complete the task," he said. "Energy means you've identified an experience that the subject really cares about. This energy means you are close to understanding how to change behavior." And here's why it's so important that your design sprint participants act as observational journalists – observing and recording rather than leading the customer.
Adopt new techniques. Design sprints are incorporating newer tools for problem solving, and the conference gave us a chance to learn some of them via practice. For example, Independent Design Facilitator and Coach Daniel Stillman moderated a session on abstraction laddering, a problem framing technique. Through exercises, Daniel showed us how abstraction laddering works. Essentially a group identifies an abstract problem – say, "How might I get in better shape?" and then through a series of "why" and "how" questions ("Why do you need to get into better shape? To feel better about yourself? To prepare for a wedding? And how are you going to improve – a better diet? Hiring a personal trainer?") the team crisply articulates a more concrete problem to address. Abstraction laddering is an excellent way to, say, rally a design sprint team around a compelling, tangible problem.
I'm looking forward to Day Two – for the networking, learning, and the chance to share my own experience applying a design sprint with the City of Chicago Office of the City Clerk to make city government easier than a Starbucks. For more insight on applying design sprints, contact Moonshot. We'd love to help you.


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2032 artists, 2883 albums, 313 events, 19863 videos, 67236 photos
Avery Molek (United States)
Boy | Instrumental | Drums
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Quentin Callewaert
Семён Розов
Антон Опарин
Frano Živković
Тимофей Григорович
Кирилл Свешников
Михаил Москалик
Ziyu He
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Avery lives in a small town outside Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. He was born on September 11th 2006. Being born on a significant date such as that should have been a tip-off that he was going to be one special kid. Other than dad playing a little guitar, Avery's parents have no musical background. What they do have is a lifelong love of Rock 'n' Roll. So from the minute he came into the world, Avery was always surrounded by great music, and he would be found singing along from his car seat.
At two-years-old, Santa brought Avery one toy guitar and one tiny drum set. From that point on a rock star emerged. He wanted to watch music videos instead of cartoons, and begged to have mom dress him up and paint his face like the band members of Kiss. He would dance around with his guitar a little, but the drums were like a magnet to him. It seemed like it only took weeks before he was banging along to the rhythm and beat of his favorite songs. And not long after he surprised his parents with his first self-taught song, Mississippi Queen. As Avery is an only child, his parents had no idea that what he was displaying was outside the norm for children his age. However, the stunned faces in the audience after his day-care talent show at age 3 really clued them in and got them into gear. They continued to encourage his playing and let him do his thing at home, but over the next year, they did their research, upgraded the drum kit, and found a local drum instructor willing to take on a rambunctious 4-year-old. He started taking one 30-minute lesson per week and was introduced to new skills and techniques which he then applied to the songs he was learning by ear at home.
Avery's parents began videoing Avery drumming because they found he would become more focused on his playing and actually finish a song when he knew the camera was rolling. They started sharing these videos with family and friends on YouTube.
In the summer of 2012, when Avery was five, a local company asked Avery to perform a set at "Rock the Rock", a benefit concert they were hosting. At this event Avery played a one-hour set to recorded music and caught the attention of two of the other bands scheduled to perform later that evening, Ruff Creek and AD/HD. As a result, Avery was asked to come up on stage and play with a live band for the very first time ever. Mom and dad were nervous, but Avery nailed both performances and brought down the house. That was it. Avery was now hooked on playing to a crowd. This led to the "Out of the Basement Tour" - a series of approximately 40 performances over the next year, spanning four states, with numerous talented bands. Most notable were the Hard Rock Cafe in Pittsburgh, The Illinois State Fair, Sturgis Fest "Bike Week" in Michigan, and Roar on the Shore. Ruff Creek continued to show their support for their young friend and graciously invited him to play a 4-song set at many of their scheduled shows. Another exciting opportunity presented itself when Avery was contacted by Karl Golden, an extremely talented guitarist from the United Kingdom who invited Avery to rock with him on a series of music videos.
In April 2013, six-year-old Avery's world was turned upside down when his video cover of Van Halen's "Hot for Teacher" went viral. The phone started ringing and hundreds of emails poured in daily including numerous requests for interviews and appearances from national television shows. With their son's young age in mind and his well-being as their top priority, Avery's parents elected to decline all requests...except one. That request came from ABC's Good Morning America who had featured Avery's video on their show on a day when country music mega-star, Brad Paisley, was a guest. Mr. Paisley was so impressed with what he witnessed on that video that he encouraged GMA to invite Avery on the show the following week to play with him live. Honored by the privilege to play with such a truly gifted musician, Avery traveled to New York City and performed "Hot for Teacher" with Brad Paisley live on Good Morning America on April 17, 2013. Avery also did a follow-up interview on GMA's sister show "Live with Kelley and Michael" that same day.
In June 2013, Avery reunited with Brad Paisley when he was invited to perform live on stage at Brad's Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania concert. Once again, as his parents were ready to pass out from nervousness and excitement, the six-year-old took it all in stride as he lived a rock star dream and received thunderous applause from the audience of nearly 20,000 people.
Another highlight of the year was when Avery got to jam with Blues Hall of Fame inductee, Joe Louis Walker, as part of an "MSN Kid Wonders" documentary filmed at Avery's home.
Shortly after turning 7, Avery started working with an amazing new drum teacher, Pat Dilanni of JK Music in Washington, PA, which resulted in a rapid progression of his technical skill and an increase in the level of difficulty of the songs he tackled.
His talent has caught the attention of many accomplished professional drummers who often send Avery words of praise and encouragement via email and Facebook posts. He was thrilled to learn that Mike Portnoy, one of his drumming idols, had been following Avery's videos for years, and had some very complimentary things to say.
In August 2014 Eric Singer, the drummer for his all-time favorite band, KISS, invited Avery to be his guest at their concert including the opportunity to hang backstage with the band and attend their pre-concert VIP acoustic show. As if that wasn't exciting enough, Avery's dream really came true that day when he was asked to get on stage and perform "Love Gun" with KISS.
Yes, Avery does have dreams of being a rock star someday, but in the meantime, he has mom and dad around to make sure he eats, sleeps, and lives the life of a regular child. Avery enjoys school, reading, baseball, basketball, playing video games and loving his dog, Rocky! He also has a new musical interest...He started taking piano lessons in the summer of 2015!
Now, at age 9, Avery continues to enjoy making music videos to share with his fans around the world, and by the end of 2015, Avery's YouTube channel approached 150,000 subscribers and 50 million views. Avery also has a Facebook fan club completely started and maintained by fans. The future is exciting, and we can't wait to see what is next. Stay tuned.
(from official site)
Click Click Boom 💥 Saliva (Drum Cover)
Van Halen - Right Now (Drum Cover) age 13
BLACKENED - METALLICA - Drum Cover by Avery Drummer
Waking the Demon - B4MV - Drum Cover by Avery Drummer
BREAKING THE LAW - JUDAS PRIEST - Drum Cover by Avery Drummer
"The Dance of Eternity, Dream Theater" Avery Molek, 8 year old Drummer
"Panic Attack, Dream Theater" Avery Molek, 8 year old Drummer
FELIZ NAVIDAD (8 year old Drummer) Drum Cover by Avery Drummer Molek
MONEY FOR NOTHING - Dire Straits (7 year old Drummer) Drum Cover by Avery Drummer Molek
"Master of Puppets" Avery 6 year old Drummer
pr@kidsmusic.info
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
frogs, salamanders, and caecilians
Torrent Salamanders
Find Olympic Torrent Salamander information at
Olympic Torrent Salamander
Rhyacotriton olympicus
Olympic salamanders are dark brown dorsally with white guanophore spots. They are usually yellow ventrally, with dark patches in some individuals. These salamanders typically range between 94 and 97 mm in length, with females being larger than males. (Akios, 2008; Wake, et al., 1987)
female larger
Olympic salamanders are found mainly in coastal areas of the Olympic Peninsula of Washington to northwestern Oregon. Some populations have also been found from southwestern Oregon to Mendicino County, California, and within the Cascade Mountains of Washington and Northern Oregon. (Wake, et al., 1987)
Olympic salamanders live in humid climates within the forests of the coastal western United States, preferring cooler climates than most other salamanders. They are native to well-forested (largely coniferous) mountain ranges. Generally, they are found in and near streams or running water; they are rarely further than one meter from such an environment and are rarely found deeper than several millimeters under water. These salamanders are often found within moist cliff faces or under rock debris in stream beds. (Good and Wake, 1992; Nussbaum and Tait, 1977)
0 to 1200 m
0.00 to 3937.01 ft
less than one m
As with most other salamanders, this species undergoes an aquatic juvenile phase, with external gills and a paddle-shaped tail. Olympic salamanders are approximately 13 mm upon hatching and typically grow to between 30.2 and 38.6 mm following metamophosis. Metamorphosis may occur at any time of year but is most common in late summer of the third year. (Nussbaum and Tait, 1977)
This species breeds year round, peaking in the Spring. Males are typically more aggressive during breeding periods and use a distinctive tail movement, where only the tail tip is moved, to attract the attention of females before depositing a spermatophore; females then grasp the spermatophore with theur cloacal lips and fertilization takes place internally. Courtship is presumed to take place on land or within the splash zone of streams. (Arnold, 1977; Nussbaum and Tait, 1977; Verrell, 1989; Zug, et al., 2001)
polygynandrous (promiscuous)
This species utilizes internal fertilization through cloacal spermatophores produced by the male and taken in by the female. Females may store spermatazoa in spermathecae and may mate with multiple males before laying egg clutches (though it is uncertain how common this is); this species likely mates more than once during a breeding season. They will not participate in courtship until they have reached sexual maturity. Eggs are typically deposited in creek or stream beds where they hatch. The embryonic period, including the time before hatching and after, when the embryo is still feeding on the egg yolk, is estimated at 360 days. Larvae can be as small as 13.5 mm and individuals begin to metamorphose into juveniles between 4-5 years of age (38-26 mm). During metamorphosis, larvae lose their gill slits and external gills. (Hayes and Jones, 2012; Nussbaum and Tait, 1977; Zug, et al., 2001)
sperm-storing
This species generally breeds once yearly.
Breeding season peaks in May, but exact breeding time varies considerably on an individual basis.
Range number of offspring
Average number of offspring
Range time to hatching
210 to 295 days
Range age at sexual or reproductive maturity (female)
Range age at sexual or reproductive maturity (male)
Due to the inaccessibility of nests to predators, there is little need for parental care in this species; additionally, due to the long period between egg laying and the larval stage, it would be nearly impossible for a female to remain with her nest and care for young. This trait varies from the typical situation in salamanders, as oophagy is common among many other species. The eggs produced by Olympic salamanders are large (in comparison to those produced by other salamanders), few in number, and are unpigmented. The characteristicly large eggs are consistent with a lack of parental care; however, the relatively small number of eggs produced is further evidence that they are deposited in a location safe from predation. (Nussbaum, 1985; Ryan, 1977; Sever, 2003)
no parental involvement
There is currently no information available regarding the lifespan of Olympic salamanders; however, based on data from other Rhyacotriton species, they are assumed to have a moderately long lifespan of greater than 10 years. (Hayes and Jones, 2012)
Male Olympic salamanders may display aggressive behavior toward each other, particularly during breeding periods. The contrasting yellow belly and farker dorsum is thought to be aposematic, with threatened individuals coiling the body, elevating the tail, and lashing it at the threat to show off this coloration. (Hayes and Jones, 2012; Verrell, 1989)
terricolous
Specific information regarding the home range of this species is unavailable, but in other Rhyacotriton species has been found to be limited to a scale of a few meters. (Hayes and Jones, 2012)
Although there is no definite data on the matter, it is possible that males of this species utilize their cloacal vent glands in releasing pheromones to communicate with other individuals. Olympic salamanders also sense their environments through visual and tactile cues. (Sever, 1988)
These salamanders feed primarily upon insects such as springtails (Collembola), piptera, and stonefly (Plecoptera) nymphs. The have also been found to prey upon other aquatic life found in streams, such as amphipods. (Bury, 1970)
Although there are no confirmed predators of this species, garter snakes and giant salamanders are considered potential predators. (Akios, 2008; Hayes and Jones, 2012)
aposematic
Giant salamander (Dicamptodontidae sp.)
Garter snake (Thamnophis sp.)
Caudouterina rhyacotriton, an intestinal trematode, has been found in Olympic salamanders. (Martin, 1966)
Caudouterina rhyacotriton (Class Trematoda, Phylum Platyhelminthes)
Deforestation is detrimental to the conservation of Olympic salamanders, posing potential problems to the logging industry functioning throughout its habitat. (Corn and Bury, 1989; Welsh, 1990)
There are no known benefits to humans presented by this species.
The logging industry, common in the northwestern United States, is detrimental to the conservation of this species, as deforestation impacts the sedimentation of streams that these salamanders live in and around. Deforestation is also problematic, as the salamanders are found primarily in older forests due to the lack of necessary microhabitat conditions in deforested areas. (Corn and Bury, 1989; Welsh, 1990)
Some more information...
Olympic salamanders are Urodeles and, as such, can regenerate lost limbs.
Stephanie DiPonzio (author), Hobart & William Smith Colleges, Jim Ryan (editor), Hobart & William Smith Colleges, Jeremy Wright (editor), University of Michigan-Ann Arbor.
"Regeneration in Urodeles" (On-line). Urodele Amphibians: The Regenerative Vertebrate Exception. Accessed October 26, 2012 at http://www.bio.davidson.edu/courses/anphys/2000/Grayson/GRAYSON.HTM.
Akios, C. 2008. Habitat Loss and the Utility of an Old-growth Corridor for Herpetofauna in Olympic National Forest. Ann Arbor, MI: ProQuest Information and Learning Company.
Arnold, S. 1977. The evolution of Courtship Behavior in New World Salamanders with Some Comments on Old World Salamanders. The Reproductive Biology of Amphibians: 141-183.
Bury, B. 1970. Food Similarities in the Tailed Frog, Ascaphus truei, and the Olympic Salamander, Rhyacotriton olympicus. Copeia, Vol. 1970, No. 1: 170-171.
Corn, P., B. Bury. 1989. Logging in Western Oregon: Responses of Headwater Habitats and Stream Amphibians. Forest Ecology and Management, Vol 29, Issues 1-2: 39-57.
Good, D., D. Wake. 1992. Geographic variation and speciation in the Torrent salamanders of the genus Rhyacotriton (Caudata: Rhyacotritonidae). Berkeley: University of California Press.
Hayes, M., L. Jones. 2012. "Rhyacotrion olympicus" (On-line). AmphibiaWeb. Accessed October 22, 2012 at http://amphibiaweb.org/cgi/amphib_query?where-genus=Rhyacotriton&where-species=olympicus.
Martin, G. 1966. Caudouterina rhyacotritoni gen. et sp. n. (Trematoda: Digenea) from the Olympic Salamander. The Journal of Parasitology, 52/5: 935-938.
Nussbaum, R., C. Tait. 1977. Aspects of the Life History and Ecology of the Olympic Salamander, Rhyacotriton olympicus (Gaige). American Midland Naturalist, Vol. 98, No. 1: 176-199.
Nussbaum, R. 1985. The evolution of parental care in salamanders. Ann Arbor: Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan.
Ryan, M. 1977. Parental Care in Salamanders. Bulletin of the New York Herpetological Society, Vol. 13, No. 2: 23-28.
Sever, D. 2003. Reproductive biology and phylogeny of Urodela. Enfield, NH: Science Publishers.
Sever, D. 1988. Male Rhyacotriton olympicus (Dicamptodontidae: Urodela) Has a Unique Cloacal Vent Gland. Herpetologica, 44/3: 274-280.
Verrell, P. 1989. The Sexual Strategies of Natural Populations of Newts and Salamanders. Herpetologica, 45/3: 265-285.
Wake, D., G. Wurst, D. Good. 1987. Patterns of geographic variation in allozymes of the Olympic Salamander, Rhyacotriton olympicus (Caudata: Dicamptodontidae). Fieldiana. Zoology., 32: 1-15.
Welsh, H. 1990. Relictual Amphibians and Old-Growth Forests. Conservation Biology, 4/3: 309-319.
Zug, G., L. Vitt, J. Caldwell. 2001. Herpetology: An Introductory Biology of Amphibians and Reptiles. San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
DiPonzio, S. 2013. "Rhyacotriton olympicus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed July 16, 2019 at http://www.biokids.umich.edu/accounts/Rhyacotriton_olympicus/


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Home/Lending/'Darkest Days': Chrissy Teigen, John Legend Lose Baby After Pregnancy Complications
'Darkest Days': Chrissy Teigen, John Legend Lose Baby After Pregnancy Complications
Robert Pierson April 8, 2021	Lending Leave a comment 15 Views
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Model Chrissy Teigen and her husband John Legend mourn the loss of their son after complications from his pregnancy.
The couple told their son, "We will always love you" on their social media.
On Instagram, Teigen, 34, said: "We're shocked and in the kind of deep pain you only hear about, the kind of pain we've never felt before.
We were never able to stop the bleeding and give our baby the fluids he needed, despite bags and bags of blood transfusions.
It just wasn't enough. "
See this post on Instagram
We're shocked and in the kind of deep pain you only hear about, the kind of pain we've never felt before. We were never able to stop the bleeding and give our baby the fluids he needed, despite bags and bags of blood transfusions. It just wasn't enough. . . We never decide on the names of our babies until the last possible moment after birth, just before we leave the hospital. But we, for some reason, had started calling this little guy in my stomach Jack. So he will always be Jack for us. Jack has worked so hard to be a part of our little family, and he will be forever. . . To our Jack – I am so sorry that the first few moments of your life were faced with so many complications that we were unable to provide you with the home you needed to survive. We will always love you. . . Thank you to everyone who sent us positive energy, thoughts and prayers. We feel all your love and really appreciate you. . . We are so thankful for the life we have, for our wonderful babies Luna and Miles, for all the amazing things we have been able to experience. But every day cannot be full of sun. In these darkest days, we will cry, we will cry. But we're going to kiss and love each other harder and we'll get out of it.
A publication shared by chrissy teigen (@chrissyteigen) on Sep 30, 2020 at 8:58 p.m. PDT
Teigen said she and Legend did not name their other two children, Luna, 4, and Miles, 2, "until the last possible moment after their birth, just before leaving the hospital."
"But we, for some reason, had started calling this little guy in my stomach Jack. So he will always be Jack for us. Jack has worked so hard to be part of our little family, and he will be forever. our Jack – I'm so sorry that the first few moments of your life were faced with so many complications, that we were unable to provide you with the home you needed to survive.
We will always love you. Thank you to everyone who sent us positive energy, thoughts and prayers. We feel all your love and really appreciate you. We are so thankful for the life we have, for our wonderful babies Luna and Miles, for all the amazing things we have been able to experience.
But every day cannot be full of sun. In these darkest days, we will cry, we will cry. But we're going to hug and love each other harder and get through it. "
Teigen tweeted yesterday, "I'm driving home from hospital without a baby. How can this be real.
Teigen was bedridden in September and then hospitalized with excessive bleeding. On September 29, she reported on her social media, "I just had a really scary morning" and revealing that she had had a "huge" blood clot.
Driving home from the hospital without a baby. How can this be real.
– chrissy teigen (@chrissyteigen) October 1, 2020
Legend and Teigen announced the pregnancy in August as part of their "Wild" music video.
The couple said the pregnancy was a surprise because it was believed that Teigen couldn't get pregnant naturally. Luna and Miles were conceived through in vitro fertilization.
Chrissy Teigen is offering to purchase complete wish lists of school supplies for teachers during the pandemic.
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When you are trying to reel in customers to your event or trade show, remember the way you choose to draw them in is a reflection of you and your company.
If you plan on giving away something to potential clients, make sure it's not going to fall to pieces the second they use it. If you don't have a lot of money to spend, consider giving them a coupon for a discount on a purchase.
Having a draw for a fancy laptop or watch might draw people to your booth, but if it has nothing to do with what you are selling it is almost a guarantee that the winner quickly forgot which company they won the prize from.
If you don't let people know what you plan on exhibiting at the show about four week ahead of time, you are not likely to draw them in. Having a strong social media presence beforehand is the best way to guarantee success.
Never assume your top clients know about your upcoming event. Sending out personalized invitations is the best way to ensure you are on their radar and making it more likely that they will attend.
The last thing you want is your email to a potential client winding up in their spam. Avoid promos that have hyperlinks that don't work, bad redirects or art that won't load. Working with an IT team can help avoid these missteps.
If your booth staffers don't know what they are promoting, how in the world are they going to sell anything? Your staff has to know who your target audience is and what your goals are.
Written by: Admin on September 6, 2016.


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Sassco.co.uk
11-a-sideSassco's 11-a-side team sprung into action in 2002, developed from a set of players from the different 6-a-side teams, who were playing in the Sassco Leagues since 1999. The team never really achieved a great deal in terms of silverware, coming close in a final in their second season. However, the events undertaken by Sassco far surpass any other teams in their generation. Pioneering Adidas team kits from overseas, recording 11-a-side games in widescreen, customised soccer balls developed in Asia, overseas football tours and prestigious friendlies against Northern League teams and teams from outside their own leagues. The team is still active and recently played at the Stadium of Light, as well as regular friendly games against local opponents. For one of their most recent games, five players from the original line up back in 2002 were present.
Sassco 5/6-a-side
YouTube TV Channel
Denmark Tour 2014
New venue: Denmark (DBU) FA Headquarters pitch.
The new venue is the Danish FA (DBU) headquarters, located in Brondby.
The pitch is a 3G pitch and is the venue for our four games (two on Friday and two on Saturday). The pitch is a FIFA standard 3G pitch. Playing at the DBU would have to be one of the most prestigious venues Sassco have played at throughout their tours.
Dansk Boldspil-Union
D B U Allé 1
Click here to view a map of the locations involved in the Denmark Tour 2014.
Previous Denmark Tour squad update.
Next Sassco.co.uk 5 IFF 12 | Sassco.co.uk 5 IFF 3 | Day 1
Sassco.co.uk 4 IFF 3 | Sassco.co.uk 6 IFF 4 | Day 2
Sassco.co.uk 5 IFF 12 | Sassco.co.uk 5 IFF 3 | Day 1
Denmark Tour squad update.
Netherlands Tour 2020
Cyprus Tour 2019
Israel Tour 2018
Iceland Tour 2017
Switzerland Tour 2016
USA Tour 2015
France Tour 2013
Germany Tour 2012
Italy Tour 2011
Spain Tour 2010
Portugal Tour 2009
Malta Tour 2008
Sunderland Sassco shirt history
Sassco footballs.


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Arnold Drakenborch, född den 1 januari 1684 i Utrecht, död där den 16 januari 1748, var en nederländsk klassisk filolog.

Drakenborch, som var professor i historia och vältalighet samt bibliotekarie vid universitetet i Utrecht, utgav för sin tid värdefulla upplagor av Silius Italicus (1717) och Livius (7 band, 1738–1746; ny upplaga 1820–1829) med flera författare.

Källor

Nederländska klassiska filologer
Nederländska bibliotekarier
Nederländska professorer
Personer verksamma vid universitetet i Utrecht
Filologer under 1700-talet
Nederländska forskare under 1700-talet
Personer från Utrecht
Födda 1684
Avlidna 1748
Män
Ugglan

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Litigation Hold: Trigger
The Baltimore Sun reports that: "In Maryland and beyond, those who once bragged about overrunning the Capitol are now deleting their [social media] photos …." T. Prudente, "As scrutiny intensifies over deadly U.S. Capitol riots, Marylanders delete photos, social media trails," The Baltimore Sun (Jan. 12, 2021).
That alleged action may have evidentiary consequences. I wrote a blog about the Maryland decision regarding "unfriending" evidence, State v. Sample, 468 Md. 560 (2020). A liquor store had been robbed by two men. One, Mr. Mayo, was shot and killed by the store owner. The other, believed to be Mr. Sample, got away.
Law enforcement tracked Sample down and he was charged. A search of Sample's Facebook profile showed that he "unfriended" Mayo a day after the robbery.
The prosecution introduced evidence that a robbery defendant had "unfriended" his deceased accomplice a day after the robbery-gone-bad. The unfriending was offered to show that the defendant was distancing himself from the decedent. In other words, it was inculpatory.
Maryland's highest court held that it was not an abuse of discretion to admit the evidence:
Given that there was evidence that Sample was the surviving attempted robber, i.e., Mayo's accomplice, Sample had a motive to sever ties with Mayo after the attempted armed robbery. At the hearing on the motion in limine, the State argued that surveillance video showed the two men walking together about fourteen minutes before the crime occurred. The State also argued that cell phone records showed that there was a phone call made by Sample to Mayo about an hour before the crime occurred. And significantly, the State pointed out that, during an interview with detectives, Sample denied knowing Mayo. Sample's denial of knowing Mayo during the interview was consistent with the act of unfriending the claude.mayo.5 profile from the Solo Haze profile—both were attempts by Sample to separate himself from Mayo.
These circumstances indicate that Sample was not a mere bystander or potential eyewitness to the attempted armed robbery. To the contrary, if believed, the State's argument at the hearing on the motion in limine demonstrated that Sample was Mayo's accomplice, and had reason to distance himself from Mayo by unfriending him on Facebook.
Sample, 468 Md. at 602–03 (emphasis added). While "unfriending" alone did not prove guilt, it was admissible evidence.
Sample involved criminal charges.
The "unfriending" and deletion may also implicate spoliation in civil litigation that may be reasonably anticipated due to injury to persons or property.
Some other "unfriending" decisions include Kerry v. Sun Life Fin. (US) Servs. Inc., 2019 WL 206093, at *5 (D. Me. Jan. 15, 2019) (plaintiff alleged differential treatment in part because she was unfriended and other employees were not), Vinci v. US, 2017 WL 1954541 (W.D.N.Car. May 10, 2017) (defendant unfriended minor, solicited photos, and sought to re-friend minor), People v. Degree, 2017 WL 6450751 (N.Y.Co.Ct. July 19, 2017) (post-verdict unfriending alleged to show consciousness of guilt), State v. Clough, 2015 WL 11181918, at *6 (N.H. Jan. 7, 2015) (defendant permitted to, but did not ask, about unfriending), and In re Adopotion of K.C., 2014 WL 4555908 ( Ct. Apls. Oh. Sept. 15, 2014) (mother's unfriending father had no substantive value). In the context of judicial unfriending, see, e.g., In Re Disqualification of Kerenyi, 160 Oh.St.3d 1201, 153 N.E.3d 121 (2020) (judge with 1,400 friends unfriended victim).
"Slots" Litigation in MD


Joe Mauer announced that he retired on Friday and wrote that he left baseball after 15 seasons with the Minnesota Twins with a "full and thankful heart".
Mauer made his decision in a lengthy letter to the fans that the Twins put online. According to MLB.com, the Twins are scheduled to hold a press conference on Monday.
"The decision was due to my health and my family," Mauer wrote in the letter. "The risk of concussion is always there, and I've been reminded this season … of the concussion that I've experienced [in the 2013] The season has changed my life not only professionally with a change to the first base, but also personally. "
Going through a concussion may be different for everyone, Mauer wrote, but his "personal experience" made him "look beyond baseball, which is best for me as a husband and dad."
"I'm going to have a father of three and I'm thinking more and more about my future health and how it affects my family than I did years ago," he wrote. "People have always told me how things change when you become a parent and that you are right."
As expected, Joe Mauer calls it a career that plays the entire career in his hometown #Zwinger as @LaVelleNeal Reports. Shakes robbed him of a possible landing site in Cooperstown. Klassenakt.
Mauer, a six-time All-Star and Minnesota American who spent his entire career working with the Twins, thanked the team and his fans for making his career "so special and memorable."
"Because of you, I can leave the game that I love with a full and thankful heart," he wrote.
The 35-year wall was added to the American League MVP in 2009 when he was Minnesota's catcher. He won three titles and three Gold Glove Awards.
Alex Cora, Red Sox manager, describes Trump's rejection of hurricane fatalities as "disrespectful"
Go over, sister Jean. There is a new nun in Chicago.


text:
The association of ideas: Thomas Reid's context
Alexander Broadie
Reid Studies 5 (2):31-51 (2002)
Thomas Reid in 17th/18th Century Philosophy
eprints.gla.ac.uk (no proxy)
Reid and Priestley on Method and the Mind.Alan Tapper - 2003 - In John Haldane Stephen Read (ed.), The Philosophy of Thomas Reid. pp. 98-112.
Conceiving Without Concepts: Reid Vs. The Way of Ideas.Lewis Powell - 2013 - ProtoSociology 30:221-237.
Thomas Reid and Non-Euclidean Geometry.Amit Hagar - 2002 - Reid Studies 5 (2):54-64.
Thomas Reid's Philosophy of Mind: Consciousness and Intentionality.Rebecca Copenhaver - 2006 - Philosophy Compass 1 (3):279-289.
Thomas Reid and Scepticism: His Reliabilist Response.Philip de Bary - 2002 - Routledge.
Thomas Reid's Inquiry and Essays.Thomas Reid - 1863 - Bobbs-Merrill.
Reid and 'Reformed'epistemology.Paul Helm - 2004 - In Joseph Houston (ed.), Thomas Reid: Context, Influence, Significance. Dunedin Academic Press.
God and Darkness in Reid.Nicholas Wolterstorff - 2004 - In Joseph Houston (ed.), Thomas Reid: Context, Influence, Significance. Dunedin Academic Press. pp. 77--102.
Review of Alexander Broadie (Ed.), Thomas Reid, Thomas Reid on Logic, Rhetoric and the Fine Arts: Papers on the Culture of the Mind. [REVIEW]James A. Harris - 2005 - Notre Dame Philosophical Reviews 2005 (6):391-393.
The Correspondence of Thomas Reid.Thomas Reid - 2002 - Pennsylvania State University Press.
In Defense of Thomas Reid's Use of 'Suggestion'.Ronald E. Beanblossom - 1975 - Grazer Philosophische Studien 1 (1):19-24.
Reid on Abstract General Ideas.Phillip D. Cummins - 1976 - In Stephen Francis Barker & Tom L. Beauchamp (eds.), Thomas Reid: Critical Interpretations. University City Science Center. pp. 3-62.
Thomas Reid: An Inquiry Into the Human Mind on Principles of Common Sense, Edinburgh Edition. [REVIEW]M. Angles & A. Broadie - 1998 - Reid Studies 1 (2):69-70.
Thomas Reid's Direct Realism.Rebecca Copenhaver - 2000 - Reid Studies 4 (1):17-34.


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text:
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For the Fleet
First Sea Lord Admiral Sir John R. Jellicoe to Rear Admiral Sir Dudley R.S. De Chair, 4/27/1917
First Sea Lord Admiral Sir John R. Jellicoe to Rear Admiral Sir Dudley R.S. De Chair
TELEGRAM No.
From Admy. [London] Date 27.4.17.
To NA Washington. Sent 1426.
'P' Cypher
From 1st Sea Lord to Admiral de Chair.
The situation shows no improvement.1
I am organising a system of convoy for all inward & outward trade.2
The arrangements will probably be that a cruiser will escort a convoy of about 20 merchant ships to positions westward of Ireland clear of submarine activity where convoy will be met & escorted to port by destroyers. But the system necessitates first a considerable increase in number of destroyers & therefore the assistance of USA in provision of as many more as possible is very urgently needed.
1st SL
Source Note: Cy, UK-KeNA, Adm. 137/655.
Footnote 1: The "situation" was the loss of British merchant ships to German submarines.
Footnote 2: The day before this message, Jellicoe was positing that the only solution to the submarine menace was increased anti-submarine patrols and made no mention of convoying. Ibid. Why the British took so long to use a convoy system has been much-discussed by historians, as has the question of who was responsible for its adoption at this time. For a discussion, see, Anglo-American Naval Relations: 195-98.
Footnote 3: That is, Chief of Staff. The Chief of Staff was VAdm. Sir Henry F. Oliver.
Admiral Henry T. Mayo, Commander, Atlantic Fleet, to Rear Admiral Albert Gleaves, Commander, Destroyer Force, 4/4/1917
British Foreign Secretary Arthur J. Balfour to American Ambassador to Great Britain Walter Hines Page, 4/5/1917
More Documents (72)
Rear Admiral Charles J. Badger, President, General Board of the Navy, to Secretary of the Navy Josephus Daniels, 4/5/1917
Vice Admiral Henry F. Oliver, Royal Navy, to Vice Admiral David Beatty, Royal Navy, 4/6/1917
President Franklin D. Roosevelt Remembers the Start of World War I [April 1917], 4/6/1937
United States Ambassador to Great Britain Walter H. Page to Secretary of State Robert Lansing, 4/6/1917
Rear Admiral Henry T. Mayo, Commander-in-Chief, Atlantic Fleet, Standing Order Number One, 4/6/1917
President Woodrow Wilson Executive Order Concerning the Coast Guard, 4/7/1917
Diary of Lieutenant Commander Charles R. Train, United States Naval Attaché at Rome, 4/7/1917
Rear Admiral William S. Sims to Anne Hitchcock Sims, 4/8/1917
Rear Admiral Henry T. Mayo, Commander, Atlantic Fleet, to Secretary of the Navy Josephus Daniels, 4/9/1917
Secretary of the Navy Josephus Daniels to President Woodrow Wilson, 4/10/1917
Commander Harris Laning to Secretary of the Navy Josephus Daniels, 4/12/1917
Captain William D. MacDougall, United States Naval Attaché in London, to Office of Naval Intelligence, 4/13/1917
Vice Admiral Montague E. Browning, Commander-in-Chief, North America and West Indies Station, to British Admiralty, 4/13/1917
Vice Admiral Montague E. Browning, Commander-in-Chief, North America and West Indies Station, to Secretary of the Admiralty Sir W. Graham Greene, 4/13/1917
Diary of Secretary of the Navy Josephus Daniels, 4/13/1917
Secretary of the Navy Josephus Daniels to Secretary of State Robert M. Lansing, 4/13/1917
Secretary of the Navy Josephus Daniels to Rear Admiral Henry T. Mayo, Commander-in-Chief, Atlantic Fleet, 4/14/1917
Rear Admiral William S. Sims to Secretary of the Navy Josephus Daniels, 4/14/1917
Captain Richard Webb, Director of Trade Division, British Admiralty, Memorandum to Rear Admiral William S. Sims, 4/15/1917
Secretary of the Navy Josephus Daniels to Rear Admiral Walter McLean, Commandant, Fifth Naval District, 4/15/1917
Rear Admiral Samuel McGowan, Paymaster General, Intra-Bureau Order Number 166, 4/17/1917
Secretary of the Navy Josephus Daniels to Rear Admiral William S. Sims, 4/17/1917
Rear Admiral William F. Fullam, Commander, Pacific Fleet Reserve Force, to Commander Frank B. Upham and Commander Master W. J. Kelton, 4/18/1917
Admiral William S. Benson, Chief of Naval Operations, to Rear Admiral Henry T. Mayo, Commander, Atlantic Fleet, 4/19/1917
Rear Admiral Leigh C. Palmer, Chief of the Bureau of Navigation, to Secretary of the Navy Josephus Daniels, 4/20/1917
Secretary of the Admiralty Sir W. Graham Greene to Admiralty Departments, 4/20/1917
Commander Nathan C. Twining, Commander, Nantucket Division Patrol Force, to All Vessels, 4/20/1917
All Navy Radiogram Concerning Recognition Signals, 4/20/1917
Admiral William S. Benson, Chief of Naval Operations, to Rear Admiral William S. Sims, 4/22/1917
Diary of Rear Admiral Albert Gleaves, Commander, Destroyer Force, 4/22/1917
Rear Admiral Albert Gleaves, Commander, Destroyer Force, to Lieutenant Commander Joseph K. Taussig, Commander, Destroyer Division Eight, 4/23/1917
Secretary of the Navy Josephus Daniels to Lieutenant Commander Joseph K. Taussig, Commander, Destroyer Division Eight, 4/23/1917
Lieutenant Commander Joseph K. Taussig to Special Service Division, Destroyer Force, 4/24/1917
Secretary of the Navy Josephus Daniels to Captain William D. MacDougal, United States Naval Attaché in London, 4/24/1917
Commander Joseph K. Taussig to Special Service Division, Destroyer Force, 4/24/1917
British Ambassador to the United States Sir Cecil A. Spring Rice to British Foreign Office, 4/25/1917
Commodore Guy R. Gaunt, British Naval Attaché in Washington, to British Admiralty, 4/25/1917
Admiral William S. Benson, Chief of Naval Operations, to the Bureaus of Ordnance, Construction and Repair, and Navigation, 4/25/1917
Captain Roy C. Smith, Commandant at Guam, to Secretary of the Navy Josephus Daniels, 4/26/1917
Rear Admiral Sir Dudley R.S. De Chair to British Admiralty, 4/27/1917
Admiral William S. Benson, Chief of Naval Operations, to Secretary of the Navy Josephus Daniels, 4/27/1917
United States Ambassador to Great Britain Walter Hines Page to Secretary of State Frank Lansing and President Woodrow Wilson, 4/27/1917
First Sea Lord Admiral Sir John R. Jellicoe to Rear Admiral Sir Dudley R. S. De Chair, Commander-in-Chief, North American and West Indian Station, 4/27/1917
Commander William R. Sayles, United States Naval Attaché at Paris, to Secretary of the Navy Josephus Daniels, 4/28/1917
Rear Admiral William S. Sims to President Woodrow Wilson and Secretary of the Navy Josephus Daniels, 4/28/1917
Admiral Sir Dudley R.S. De Chair to First Sea Lord Admiral Sir John R. Jellicoe, 4/28/1917
Secretary of the Navy Josephus Daniels to Rear Admiral William S. Sims, Commander, United States Destroyers Operating from British Bases, and Captain William D. MacDougall, American Naval Attaché in London, 4/28/1917
Executive Order of President Woodrow Wilson, 4/28/1917
Rear Admiral William S. Sims, Commander, United States Destroyers Operating from British Bases, to Lieutenant Commander Joseph K. Taussig, Commander, Eighth Destroyer Division, 4/29/1917
Rear Admiral William S. Sims, Commander, United States Destroyers Operating from British Bases, to Secretary of the Navy Josephus Daniels, 4/30/1917
Admiral William S. Benson, Chief of Naval Operations, to Navy Yards, 4/30/1917
Secretary of the Admiralty Sir W. Graham Greene to Rear Admiral William S. Sims, Commander, United States Destroyers Operating from British Bases, 4/30/1917
Post-War: Transporting the AEF
Post-War: The Role of the CNO
Post-War: Naval Aviation
Post-War: Demobilization
Post-War: Sweeping the Northern Barrage
Post-War: Northern Russia
Post-War: Humanitarian Aid and Relief
Post-war: Armistice and Final Treaty
John R Jellicoe, Dudley RS De Chair
Convoying, Anti-Submarine Warfare
Additional Resources for April 1917
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text:
Republicans amp up…
Republicans amp up push to oust Cheney from leadership
Alert BIDEN CRIME FAMILY BIDEN NOT MY PRESIDENT Freedom VS Tyranny KAG COALITION Special Report STAND UP US-News Washington Examiner
Editor @Investigator_50
by Kerry Picket, Senior Campaign Reporter| January 24, 2021
As another Senate impeachment trial of former President Donald Trump looms on the horizon, House Republicans stepped up their pressure campaign against GOP Conference Chairwoman Liz Cheney to resign from her leadership post.
Florida Republican Rep. Matt Gaetz plans to rally with local Republicans in Cheyenne on Thursday to urge the Wyoming Republican congresswoman to step down as a result of her voting in favor of Trump's second impeachment and accusing him of "betrayal" to the office of the presidency.
In a tweet promoting the event, Gaetz said, "I do not want her job. I unequivocally am not seeking a position in House Leadership. I also know Wyoming can do better."
A Cheney spokesperson shot back at Gaetz, telling the Washington Examiner, "Rep. Gaetz can leave his beauty bag at home. In Wyoming, the men don't wear make-up."
Cheney, who is already facing a primary challenger, was excoriated by the Wyoming Republican Party, noting Trump was denied due process by the representative and that the state voted for the reelection of Trump by a margin of 70% to 30%.
Cheney took issue with Trump's statements long before the most recent impeachment. Though she did not support the first impeachment effort, she defended Lt. Col. Alexander Vindman and former U.S. Ambassador to Ukraine Marie Yovanovitch, two witnesses in Trump's first impeachment, after he criticized them on Twitter.
House Freedom Caucus Chairman Andy Biggs, one of the lawmakers responsible for kicking off the petition circulating the conference demanding she resign, told Fox News on Saturday that Cheney's statement related to Trump's impeachment is more problematic than her vote for the measure.
"Well, it isn't necessarily because she voted for impeachment. I didn't like that. I didn't support that, obviously. But it's the way she did what she did. Besides that, she went out, and she is representing the entire conference, whether she says she is or isn't. And she puts out a statement, saying that what this president did is maybe one of the most heinous things in the history of the U.S. presidency," Biggs said.
He added, "Her words were used over and over again when the Democrats were making their speeches on the floor of the House. And they will be used again when the Senate opens up another bogus trial in the Senate. That is what the problem is."
However, Cheney defended her statement during an interview with Fox News Channel's Dana Perino.
"All of us have an obligation to the Constitution and an obligation to do what we believe is right, what our oath compels us to do, that is above politics, above partisanship. That is, I think, very important, and it's incumbent on all of us. We came to different decisions within our conference about that issue," she said.
"And as we look forward now, and as we look at what we've seen, the unity of President Biden's inaugural address, but then contrasted with the executive orders that you watched him sign yesterday. They are very much indicative of the kinds of policies you knew he would be putting forward during the campaign," Cheney said.
Several GOP lawmakers publicly gave support to Cheney, including House Freedom Caucus members Reps. Ken Buck of Colorado and Chip Roy of Texas. Other Republicans who stated they support keeping her in leadership are Texas Rep. Dan Crenshaw, Oklahoma Rep. Tom Cole, South Carolina Rep. Nancy Mace, Texas Rep. Michael Burgess, and Illinois Rep. Rodney Davis.
House Minority Leader Kevin McCarthy told reporters on Thursday he did not support ousting Cheney from her position, adding that the conference is expected to meet this week to discuss the matter and will eventually unify.
The California Republican previously criticized Trump for his response to and handling of the Jan. 6 capitol assault and later told reporters at his weekly presser last Thursday he did not think the president provoked the attack. McCarthy distanced himself from Cheney, though, during an appearance on Greta Van Susteren's Full Court Press on Sunday.
"Look, everybody's able to vote, their district or what they think is most important, but leadership is a little different job, especially when you're the communications arm of it and the No. 3 person," McCarthy said. "I support her, but I also have concerns. She took a position as a number three member in conference, she never told me ahead of time and one thing about leadership that we're gonna work together, we should understand we know that this is going to become a difficulty. She can have a difference of opinion."
He added, "But the one thing if we're going to lead within the conference, we should work together on that as a whole conference because we're representative of that conference. So I support her, but I do think she has a lot of questions she has to answer to the conference."
Cheney expects House Republicans will come together despite the backlash she received from her impeachment vote and statement.
"We're going to have these discussions inside the conference. We have differences of opinion about a whole range of issues, including about this one. I anticipate and am confident we will be united as a conference going forward," she told Perino.
BIDEN NOT MY PRESIDENT
Tags: deepstate Democrats DEMOCRATS CHEAT DEMOCRATS SUPPORT CENSORSHIP OF CONSERVATIVES electoralcollege foxnews joebiden JOHN SOLOMON kamalaharris lin wood livesmatter newyork republican sidneypowell Trump washingtondc