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You are here: Home Page > Medicine & Health > Clinical Medicine > Neurology > The Neurology of AIDS
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The Neurology of AIDS
Howard E. Gendelman, MD, Igor Grant, MD, Ian Paul Everall, MD, PhD, Howard S. Fox, MD, PhD, Harris A. Gelbard, MD, PhD, Stuart A. Lipton, MD, PhD, and Susan Swindells, MBBS
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From basic science to clinical care, to epidemiological disease patters, The Neurology of AIDS is the only complete textbook available on AIDS neurology and the only one comprehensive enough to stand alone in each segment of study in brain disorders affected by the human immunodeficiency virus. It is an indispensable resource for students, resident physicians, practicing physicians, and for researchers and experts in the HIV/AIDS field.
Oxford Clinical Neuroscience is a comprehensive, cross-searchable collection of resources offering quick and easy access to eleven of Oxford University Press's prestigious neuroscience texts. Joining Oxford Medicine Online these resources offer students, specialists and clinical researchers the best quality content in an easy-to-access format.
Lauren Abrey, Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
Shaona Acharjee, Division of Neurology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB Canada, Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary AB, Canada
Cristian L. Achim, Departments of Psychiatry and Pathology, California NeuroAIDS Tissue Network, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
Sunil K. Ahuja, Microbiology/Immunology and Biochemistry, Veteran's Administration Center for AIDS and HIV Infection, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX
Lisa N. Akhtar, Department of Cell Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
Ibolya E. András, Molecular Neuroscience and Vascular Biology Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Kentucky Medical Center, Lexington, KY
Valgerdur Andrésdóttir, Institute for Experimental Pathology, University of Iceland, Keldur v/Vesturlandsveg, Iceland
Sarah L. Archibald, Laboratory of Cognitive Imaging, Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
J. Hampton Atkinson, Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
Brandi J. Baker, Spain Rehabilitation Center, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
Shantanu Balkundi, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
William A Banks, GRECC, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, University of Washington School of Medicine, Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seattle, WA
Eric Benner, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
Etty N. Benveniste, Department of Cell Biology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
Joseph R. Berger, Departments of Neurology and Internal Medicine, University of Kentucky Medical Center, Lexington, KY
Joan W. Berman, Departments of Pathology and Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, NY
Brookie M. Best, Pediatric Pharmacology Research Unit, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
Ruth Brack-Werner, Institute of Virology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Munich, Germany
Jessica Breslow, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
BJ Brew, Department of Neurology, Victoria St Darlinghurst, Sydney, Australia
R. Douglas Bruce, Yale University AIDS Program, New Haven, CT
Shilpa Buch, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
Michael Bukrinsky, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, George Washington University, Washington, DC
Tricia H. Burdo, Department of Biology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA
Guy A. Cabral, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA
Shannon Callen, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
Edmund V. Capparelli, Pediatric Pharmacology Research Unit, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
Jordan Elizabeth Cattie, Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego State University, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA
Linda Chang, Department of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, The Queen's Medical Center, Honolulu, HI
Sulie L. Chang, Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of NeuroImmune Pharmacology, The College of Arts and Science, Seton Hall University, South Orange, NJ
Qiang Chen, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
Paul Cheney, Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
Maria Chiara G. Monaco, Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Neuroscience, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
Sumedha Chugh, Temple University School of Medicine, Fels Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Biology, Philadelphia, PA
Pawel Ciborowski, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
Lucy A. Civitello, Departments of Neurology and Nephrology, Children's National Medical Center, Sheikh Zayed Campus for Advanced Children's Medicine, Washington, DC
Janice E. Clements, Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
David B. Clifford, Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO
Bruce A. Cohen, Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
Denise R. Cook, Department of Neurology, Department of Neuroscience Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
William D. Cornwell, Temple University School of Medicine, Fels Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Biology, Philadelphia, PA
Stephanie A. Cross, Department of Neurology, Department of Neuroscience Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
NWS Davies, Department of Neurology, Centre for Applied Medical Research, St. Vincent's Hospital, Darlinghurst, Sydney, Australia
Shirley F. Delair, Department of Pediatrics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
Alexis Demopoulos, Tisch Cancer Institute, Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, NY
Krishnakumar Devadas, Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Division of Emerging and Transfusion Transmitted Diseases, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD
Subhash Dhawan, Viral Immunology Section, Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Division of Emerging and Transfusion Transmitted Diseases, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD
Anna Dow, Department of Epirdemiology, University of North Carolina School of Global Public Health, The University of North Caroline at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
Nichole A. Duarte, HIV Neurobehavioral Research Center, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA
Gigi Ebenezer, SOM Neuro Neuroimmunology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
Toby K. Eisenstein, Temple University School of Medicine, Center for Substance Abuse Research, Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, Philadelphia, PA
Ronald J. Ellis, Department of Neuroscience, HIV Neurobehavioral Research Center, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA
Thomas M. Ernst, Department of Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, The Queen's Medical Center, Honolulu, HI
Eliseo A. Eugenin, Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
Ian Paul Everall, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
Ute Feger, Department of Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, The Queen's Medical Center, Honolulu, HI
Christine Fennema-Notestine, Departments of Psychiatry and Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
Matthew J. Finley, Temple University School of Medicine, Fels Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Biology, Philadelphia, PA
Howard S. Fox, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
Kenneth A. Fox, Department of Neurology, San Francisco Medical Center, San Francisco, CA
Lucio Gama, Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
Harris A. Gelbard, Center for Neural Development and Disease, Departments of Neurology, Pediatrics and Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642
Benjamin B. Gelman, Texas NeuroAIDS Research Center, Departments of Pathology and Neuroscience & Cell Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
Howard E. Gendelman, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
Gudmundur Georgsson, Institute for Experimental Pathology, University of Iceland, Keldur v/Vesturlandsveg, Reykjavik, Iceland
M. John Gill, Division of Neurology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB Canada, Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary AB, Canada
Eric M. Glare, PhD, Speaker and volunteer, Positive Speakers Bureau, People Living with HIV/AIDS Victoria, Australia
Raul Gonzalez, Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
R. Gilberto González, Professor of Radiology, Radiology-Massachusetts General Hospital, Neuroradiology Division and the A.A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
David R. Graham, Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
Igor Grant, Department of Psychiatry, HIV Neurobehavioral Research Center, Translational Methamphetamine AIDS Research Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
Weijing He, Veterans Administration Research Center for AIDS and HIV-1 Infection, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX
Robert K. Heaton, Department of Neurology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
William F. Hickey, Professor of Pathology, Department of Pathology and Microbiology/Immunology, Dartmouth Medical School, Lebanon, NH
Charles H. Hinkin, University of California Los Angeles, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Veterans Administration Greater los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA
Wenzhe Ho, Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Anatomy and Cell Biology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
Adeline Holguin, Nebraska Center for Virology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE
Yunlong Huang, Laboratory of Neuroimmunology and Regenerative Therapy, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
Jessica Hutter, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
Sergey Iordanskiy, George Washington University, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, Washington, DC
Terry L. Jernigan, Director, Center for Human Development, Laboratory of Cognitive Imaging, Departments of Cognitive Science, Psychiatry and Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
Darren Kane,Positive Speakers Bureau, Melbourne, People Living with HIV/AIDS Victoria, Australia
Georgette D. Kanmogne, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha NE
Karen, A woman living with AIDS, Omaha, NE
Marley D. Kass, Institute of NeuroImmune Pharmacology, Seton Hall University, South Orange, NJ
Marcus Kaul, Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, Department of Psychiatry, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA
Dennis L. Kolson, Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
Max V. Kuenstling, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
Anil Kumar, Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO
Victoria A. Laast, Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
T. Dianne Langford, Department of Neuroscience, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
Sunhee C. Lee, Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
Margaret R. Lentz, Neuroradiology Division, Radiology-Massachusetts General Hospital, The A.A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA
Scott Letendre, Department of Medicine, HIV Neurobehavioral Research Center, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA
Andy Levine, Department of Psychiatry and Neurology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
Guanhan Li, Department of Neuroscience, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
Wenxue Li, Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
Kevin J. Liner, Department of Neurology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
Stuart A. Lipton, Del E. Webb Center for Neuroscience, Aging, and Stem Cell Research, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, The Scripps Research Institute, Departments Neurosciences and Psychiatry, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA
Eugene O. Major, Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Neuroscience, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
Joseph L. Mankowski, Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology. The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
Thomas D. Marcotte, Department of Psychiatry, HIV Neurobehavioral Research Center, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA
Christina M. Marra, Department of Neurology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Harborview Medical Center, Seattle, WA
Eileen M. Martin-Thormeyer, Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
Andrea Martinez-Skinner, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
Eliezer Masliah, Departments of Pathology and Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
James May, Positive Speakers Bureau, Melbourne, Australia
Justin C. McArthur, Department of Neurology, Molecular & Comparative Pathobiology and Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University, SOM Comp Med Retrovirus Bio Laboratory, Baltimore, MD
Jennifer A. McCombe, Division of Neurology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB Canada, Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary AB, Canada
J. Allen McCutchan, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, HIV Neurobehavioral Research Center (HNRC), San Diego, CA
JoEllyn M McMillan, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
Rick B. Meeker, Department of Neurology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
Manja Meggendorfer, Institute of Virology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
Joseph J. Meissler, Temple University School of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Philadelphia, PA
Claude Mellins, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
Richard J. Miller, Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Biological Chemistry, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
Mark Mintz, The Center for Neurological and Neurodevelopmental Health and the Clinical Research Center of New Jersey, Voorhees, NJ
David J. Moore, Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, HIV Neurobehavioral Research Center (HNRC), San Diego, CA
Susan Morgello, Department of Pathology, Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, NY 10029
R. Lee Mosley, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
Srinivas Mummidi, University of Texas Helath Science Center at San Antonio, Research Health Scientist, South Texas Veterans Health Care System and, VA Research Center for AIDS and HIV-1 Infection, San Antonio, TX
Madhavan P.N. Nair, Department of Immunology, Institute of Neuroimmune Pharmacology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL
Shinsuke Nakagawa, Molecular Neuroscience and Vascular Biology Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Kentucky Medical Center, Lexington, KY
Avindra Nath, Professor of Neurology, Department of Neuroscience, The Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine Neuro Neuroimmunology, Baltimore, MD
Timothy B. Nguyen, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Victoria, Australia
Ari S. Nowacek, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
Shu-ichi Okamoto, Del E. Webb Center for Neuroscience, Aging, and Stem Cell Research, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA
Jason F. Okulicz, Infectious Disease Service, Department of Internal Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Brooke Army Medical Center, Fort Sam Houston, TX
David G. Ostrow, Ogburn-Stouffer Center for Social Organization Res., National Opinion Research Center (NORC), Chicago MACS Center, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
Susan Paxton, PhD, Positive Speakers Bureau, Melbourne, People Living with HIV/AIDS Victoria, Australia
Hui Peng, Laboratory of Neuroimmunology and Regenerative Therapy, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
Yuri Persidsky, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
Larisa Poluektova, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5880 USA
Gwenael Pottiez, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center. Omaha, NE
Christopher Power, Canada Research Chair (Tier 1) in Neurological Infection & Immunity, Departments of Medicine; Medical Microbiology & Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
Michael C. Previti, Department of Neurology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA
Richard W. Price, Neurology Service, San Francisco General Hospital (SFGH), San Francisco, CA
Erinn S. Raborn, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA
Servio H. Ramirez, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
Cetewayo S. Rashid, Molecular Neuroscience and Vascular Biology Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Kentucky Medical Center, Lexington, KY
Eva-Maria Ratai, Radiology-Massachusetts General Hospital, Neuroradiology Division, The A.A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
James B. Reinecke, Laboratory of Neuroimmunology and Regenerative Therapy, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
Michelle Ro, Department of Neurology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
Kevin R. Robertson, Department of Neurology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
Jessica Robinson-Papp, Department of Neurology, Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, NY
Thomas J. Rogers, Center for Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research, Department of Pharmacology, Fels Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Biology, Temple University School of Medicine, Center for Substance Abuse Research, Philadelphia, PA
Ina Rothenaigner, Institute of Virology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
Sabita Roy, Division of Infection, Inflammation and Vascular Biology, Department of Surgery and Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
Upal Roy, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
Ned Sacktor, The Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, SOM Neuro Bay Neuroimmunology, Baltimore, MD
Zainulabedin M. Saiyed, Department of Immunology, Institute of Neuroimmune Pharmacology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL
Uriel Sandkovsky, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
Lynnae Schwartz, Department of Anesthesiology & Critical Care Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Abramson Research Center, Philadelphia, PA
J. Cobb Scott, HIV Neurobehavioral Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA
Leslie K. Serchuck, Master's of Bioethics Student, Center of Bioethics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
Leroy R. Sharer, Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ
David M. Simpson, Professor of Neurology, Clinical Neurophysiology Laboratories, Neuro-AIDS Program, Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, NY
Davey M. Smith, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Neuroscience, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
Samantha S. Soldan, Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
Changcheng Song, Temple University School of Medicine, Fels Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Biology, Philadelphia, PA
Virawudh Soontornniyomkij, University of California, San Diego, Department of Psychiatry, La Jolla, CA
Caroline Soulas, Department of Biology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA
Serena S. Spudich, Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
Joseph Steiner, Department of Neuroscience, The Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine Neuro Neuroimmunology, Baltimore, MD
Susan Swindells, HIV Clinic, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
Bianca Tigges, Institute of Virology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
Michal Toborek, Department of Neurosurgery, Molecular Neuroscience and Vascular Biology Laboratory, University of Kentucky Medical Center, Lexington, KY
Sigurbjörg Torsteinsdóttir, Institute for Experimental Pathology, University of Iceland, Keldur v/Vesturlandsveg, Reykjavik, Iceland
Glenn J. Treisman, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University Medical Center, Baltimore, MD
Warren B. Treisman, The Law Office of Warren Treisman, ALC, San Diego, CA
Damien C. Tully, Nebraska Center for Virology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE
Annelies Van Rie, Department of Epidermiology, University of North Carolina School of Global Public Health, The University of North Caroline at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
Michelle Vincendea, Institute of Virology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
Jayme Wiederin, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
Lori Wiener, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
Kenneth C. Williams, Department of Biology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA
Charles Wood, Nebraska Center for Virology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE
Steven Paul Woods, HIV Neurobehavioral Research Center, Translational Methamphetamine AIDS Research Center, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA
Edwina Wright, Infectious Diseases, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria Australia, The Burnet Institute, Melbourne Victoria, Australia; Departments of Medicine, Nursing Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
Honghong Yao, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
Li Ye, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
Jialin C. Zheng, Laboratory of Neuroimmunology and Regenerative Therapy, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
Yu Zhong, Molecular Neuroscience and Vascular Biology Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Kentucky Medical Center, Lexington, KY
M. Christine Zink, Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
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Chapter 23. Kashi.
Sense of thrill overcame me on entering this great city- A Harvard or Cambridge for learning in the ancient times. All the subjects, from Grammar, Science, Law, Medicines, Administration, Vedas and Upanishads were taught here by expert teachers. Kings of the time felt honored to host graduates form Varanasi and felt privileged if they can be employed by them. A king's value as a connoisseur of arts, literature and philosophy was measured from the number of graduates present from Kashi in his court. Kashi-Graduates had to spend almost twenty years before graduating in any discipline and were taught to be always judicious and independent. Most of the graduates would decline to be in paid service of a king so as to maintain their fearless independence. For this reason, Kashi-Graduates were valued like trophies in the courts of Kings. My ancestor, a graduate from Kashi came for this illustrious heritage, who was invited by King Siddharaj Jaysinnh of Gujarat. Millions of people, since time immemorial have craved to come here, valued its education, spent lifetime dispensing knowledge gathered here. Their desire was so strong that if one is unable to make it to this city in one's prime age, he would, at the minimum desire for his last days to be spent on this soil from where a non-stop series of life-illuminating scholars came to enrich lives of masses. Even death here becomes divine. So much is the magnetic pull of this city among devout that, those who could not make it while being alive, leave their last wish, to be cremated in Kashi. A long continuous queue of the dead bodies, awaiting their turn is its proof for everyone to see on the Manikarnika-Ghat or Raja-Harishchandra-Ghat. (Remember the story, King Harishchandra gives away his kingdom for the sake of truth and is forced to accept the job as menial as cremation ground laborer?) Even today, although crushed by centuries of oppression, massacres and destruction by brute muscle power of foreign invaders, Varanasi is considered one of the best places of learning Indian scriptures and Sanskrit language. Its "Benaras Hindu University" (BHU) is considered an elite place of learning, not only Sanskrit but also nearly all the modern and ancient disciplines. Varanasi attracts millions of pilgrims every year from all parts of the world and is still considered to be the one place; one should visit at least once-in-a-life-time. (More info on BHU at www.bhu.ac.in)
Above indeed reads like a magnificent account of the city. The readers are forewarned that battered by cruel history, ignored by socialistic-communist anti-tradition mindset of generations of Indian political leaders, the city has suffered in terms of civic developments, cleanliness and meaningful political or intellectual support. All put together only a real brave could today say that he still has some reverence left in him for Kashi. The city is dirty, roads narrow, crowded and unmanaged, short on electric power necessitating unannounced power cuts and in general the city is an embarrassment to any reasonable person. River Ganga is polluted to an extent that unless you are blind, you won't be taking holy dip there. All this despite everyday flow of thousands of Indian as well as foreign tourists! It is as if, like the monkeys of Mahatma Gandhi, the civic administration sees nothing hears nothing and says nothing. Well, one day the administration and the intellectuals would wake up.
When we reached Varanasi in the early hours of morning, the city was still asleep. Took an Auto-Rikshaw and reached the hotel, not far from downtown.
Varanasi is situated on two confluences. River Varana comes from north to meet Holy River Ganga and a distance away at another place; river Asi comes from south to meet Ganga. These two rivers mark the location of this city on the route traced by holy River Ganga, which flows from Himalayas into the Bay of Bengal. These two rivers, never mind if they are tiny in comparison with magnificent river Ganga, but Indian seers chose to honor them with naming of the holiest cities on the bank of Ganga, the Varan-Asi. There was a good reason for this; it was the arena of intellectual struggle of ancient King Divodas.
City of Varanasi, otherwise known by its more ancient name Kashi is also known as 'Benaras', in anglicized version popularized during colonial times.
King Divodas
River Ganga is holy, but it is said to be especially so at Kashi. A dip there can rinse sins of whole life. It is said that death in Kashi gives Mukti, liberation from cycle of life and death. What was so special about Kashi? At one time, millennia ago, King Divodas ruled Kashi. He made Kashi a center of excellence in learning in every discipline. Graduates from here spread to all parts of known world at that time and illuminated lives of people wherever they went.
He brought about a major change in the way people looked at life, the the way they looked at God. He made everyone to understand that worshipping God sitting at home or in a temple is not enough. A God worshipper should go to public and demonstrate by self-example and preaching as to how to lead a good quality life, a life of fulfillment, a brilliant life full of self-respect and efficiency; how not to succumb to greed and laziness and how compassion for others to convert into selfless work for others. Divodas showed that a true worshipper is that who rolls into one the 'Gnyan-Yoga' (Yoga of Knowledge), the 'Bhakti-Yoga' (Yoga of Love and Devotion), and the 'Karma-Yoga' (Yoga of Work and Action). Kashi became known as home of dedicated brilliant, loving and active youthful teachers. In their hearts was simply love for everyone and minds the knowledge. King Divodas became known for sending these teachers far and wide to impart the knowledge of healthy way of life. Great many people have preached love, non-covetousness, peace and non-violence. However life is not these values alone but has many more dimensions that need to be squarely understood, and put to proper use rather than rejecting or ignoring. Jealousy, pride, selfishness, self-esteem, gratefulness, fearlessness, adventure, duty towards self, society and God, bravery, arts, crafts, literature, creativity of every kind, disdain for wrong, jest, laugh, cry, romance, war, disease, disasters, death, every dimension is part of our daily life. Vedic philosophers have found a way to welcome every human impulse 'bad' or 'good' and put it to a wonderful use in human's personal development and societal development. Devoid of this technique, today; no one, 'civilized' and 'advanced' Western world included, teaches us how respect every impulse endowed by us and use it for self-betterment.
Despite all the modernity and advances that we claim, we live our life by the jungle law of 'survival of fittest'. Our mercantile laws have no chapter on ethics and there is no upper limit of profit. Our relationship with outside world is of 'exploiter-exploited'. In the name of personal liberty we sabotage the society and some in the name of society kill the personal freedom. Our intelligentsia seems to be stuck in these 'irreconcilables'. Our business model works on the principle of exploitation in the name of free trade and the people at opposite pole who follow Karl Marx, do not understand motivation is a principle of life and that everyone can not be equal, no matter what you do.
King Divodas created society that worked harmoniously for years and its population enjoyed material, as well as spiritual bliss and lived a fulfilled life. His city became a heaven on earth where king never failed in his kingly duties and his subjects from their natural duties. A father performed his duties to his best ability and son his; a teacher his, and a pupil his; a shopkeeper his and a customer his, an administrator his and citizens their; an employer his and employees their. Exploitation of others was unheard of. Everyone lived long, felt secured and felt needed. Life was considered as an opportunity for life-long learning and Death, not dreaded, a necessity in progress when the present body becomes weak enough not to support further learning. It was a world where people felt happy giving instead of taking.
Hearing the fame of Kashi, even Gods and Devas came from heaven and made Kashi their home. Bhagavan Shiva too craved to live here. But a small technicality prevented Bhagavan Shiva from entering Kashi.
Story of 'technicality' begins in a remote past. World has witnessed several cycles of growth and decay in civilizational progress and human values; several appalling decadence and several glorious eras. At one time during an especially murky period King Divodas, a descendant of King Ripunjaya Vivaswan, became disillusioned with the decadent world around him. He thought, what king am I that seem helpless in reforming the voluptuous, greedy fellow rulers, the corrupted religious authorities, the money-centric education, selfish turned family life? He became very disheartened. Pained with the hopelessness, he sat down in meditation at some place in between two confluences, on the bank of river Ganga. Deep in the mediation he spoke to Bhagavan Shiva that the world has so much deteriorated that it is painful even to exist on this planet; that it is far better to leave this world. He asked Bhagavan Shiva to liberate him from the 'terribly corrupt' world. At that time, God tells him that his Liberation lie in the liberation the world from that hopelessness and in instilling character in his populace; it does not lie in trying to look for escape in the inaction. Liberation can not come by physical inaction. Divodas agreed with the guidance God gave him. God told him to work hard, work intelligently and work with a sensitive and loving heart; to work towards instilling fearlessness, purity, charity, self-discipline, truth, compassion even for animals, non-greediness, gentleness, forgiving nature, strength etcetera, considered as divine attributes. But Divodas knew that for putting God's suggestion to work, he would need a long, enemy-free, peaceful time to inculcate divine values. Therefore, while agreeing with God, King Divodas made a simple one condition; that no one except his writ can work in Kashi.
It was this innocent condition, made in the earnest, accidentally precluded Bhagavan from Kashi. On one hand God can not be under anyone's power, however on the other hand, as per his own promise, no one could have power over Divodas in Kashi. Thus Bhagavan Shiva and King Divodas became mutually exclusive in the territory of Kashi. No matter how strongly Bhagavan Shiva wished to visit Kashi, technically he could not.
Divodas, blissfully unaware of this technical dimension, always busy at work, at spiritual and moral upliftment of masses by providing them with proper education and sending his educated emissaries to neighboring kingdoms to convince them of correct way of living. However, at one stage he becomes aware, and feels sad that God is unable to come there due to his condition. He is much pained at being an instrument in preventing Bhagavan Shiva. Knowing what Bhagavan wished and also knowing that he has completed the work he had set for himself, King Divodas hands over the city to worthy successor and leaves the city that he created, nourished and loved so that Bhagavan Shiva can come and stay there. Salute to Divodas who created a city which captivated Gods and Devas and which even enthralled the Mahadeva (Bhagavan Shiva)! One more salute to Divodas for his instant and unhesitant renunciation of his beloved city. Way of thinking, way of life and way of worship inculcated by King Divodas was so ingrained in this city that for millennia, this city could guide humanity.
Kashi became Bhagavan Shiva's abode since that day. There He stays under the title of 'Kashi-Vishvanath'. Every Hindu who knows what Kashi stands for craves for Darshan (glimpse) of Kashi-Vishwa-Nath, a dip in Ganges there, homage to King Divodas and if possible death in that city in the arms of God Shiva. It was to honour the achievement of a mortal Divodas that Bhagavan migrated to Kashi.
In jest, some poets and writers have invoked 'worldly-wise' imagery in their literary work; explaining Bhagavan Shiva's eagerness of changing his residence to Varanasi from Mount Kailash. It was to move out of father-in-laws's house! Mata Parvati is daughter of Himalayas, therefore His stay in Himalayas is like staying in the estate of father-in-law; which no self-respecting son-in-law could like. Poetically suggesting that perhaps, Bhagavan Shiva was taunted for his stay in father-in-law's home even after marriage with Goddess Paravati! And Kashi being such a nice place under the rule of Divodas, it was but a natural choice. However for record's sake, Kailash is His permanent address despite His other addresses.
Today, Varanasi has lost almost all its greatness; however its remnants are still potent for inspiring dedicated thinkers and action-oriented philosophers. Currently, it is a city that simultaneously lives in our times as well as in the ancient. It is one of the world's oldest continuously surviving cities. As this city has been a continuously inhabited for several millennia, it has innumerable signatures of the ancient times and ancient personalities. To see and feel everything, no exaggeration, one needs to live in Varanasi for several months. Kashi is home to literally thousands of noteworthy temples. It was physically impossible for us to visit every place and hence after visiting Kashi-Vishwa-Nath temple, we sought advice from a tour guide and visited just a few among the more frequented holy places.
Kashi-Vishwa-Nath Temple, Ghats and Ganga-Aarti
Kashi-Vishwa-Nath temple is on the banks of holy river Ganga and is part of old city characterized by narrow lanes. The temple of Kashi-Vishwa-Nath is one among twelve most important places of Bhagavan Shiva, known as "Jyotirlinga" (Symbol with power to illumine or give knowledge). He is represented in Varanasi as a four-faced Shiva-Linga and is known to possess very high degree of spiritual power. This temple was destroyed several times and also was rebuilt every time. First time, about 800 years ago, it was looted and razed to ground by Mohammad Ghori in 1194 A.D. and he took away tons of Gold and other valuables. Second time, it was demolished by Kutbuddin Aybak. Third time around, in the year 1351, Firoz Shah Taghlak demolished it. Fourth time around was a double blow by Aurangzeb, who, in 1669 not only razed the temple, but he also built a large mosque at the very place, where once stood the consecrated Shiva-Linga. Till today that mosque exists there in a painful reminder to Hindus. Hindu organizations have made fervent, appeals to Muslim communities to give up that mosque. Unheeded as yet, however I am hopeful, someday they may do the much sought reparation.
The temple, as seen now, was built by Maratha Queen, Ahalya Bai Holkar, in around 1780 at a place, just a few meters away from the mosque. She did not demolish the mosque tit for tat to make way for temple. A grand mosque, known as "Gnyanvapi Mosque" still stands there today. Originally Holy Bull, Nandi that was facing the Shiva-Linga is still there; however in front of him is not the Shiva-Linga but its enforced substitution, a mosque! Sikh King Ranajit Singh donated tons of gold to cover the domes of the new temple.
On advice from our guide, we removed our shoes and deposited our belongings with a shopkeeper, bought flaked-sugar as Prasad and entered the temple. Prayed before the Shiva-Linga, consecrated the flaked-Sugar and walked around rest of the temple. Next to the huge metal Nandi Bull, we saw the well, in where priests of the temple had hid the original Shiva-Linga in desperation to protect it from Muslim soldiers, before they were butchered by their swords. This Linga was later recovered and reinstalled at present location. Before leaving the temple, we went to the office of the temple as my mom had sent a sum of money that she had keenly desired to donate there. We approached a man who had a computer on his table and appeared to be the Cashier or Accounts-officer, among a few more officials occupying three or four tables there. He almost barked at us with impatience, when I was trying to extricate Indian Rupees that my mom had sent from the bunch that also had remainder Nepalese Rupees and Chinese Yuans. I was probably taking longer than his expectation and from the angle of my eye I had seen that he was in the midst of a game of cards on his computer terminal and I had disturbed him. But I saw no point in saying any word of my disappointment with him; I knew from experience that the religious trusts of all the famous and rich Hindu temples have been taken over by the government and my words would only be wasted. As it was express wish of my mom to donate there, I could not help handing over the sum and collected the receipt. Many people, like my mom, are not aware that the money donated by them to Hindu religious institutions for religious activities is squandered by government interfered entities over many non-religious or outright anti-Hindu activities. The vote-bank politics of independent India has set in motion a different set of dynamics. Government appointees have known to have disposed off temple lands, properties and released temple funds. (For more on this refer to various press reports and web sites. Famously, refer to tenure of Abdul Rehman Antulay, tainted ex-Chief Minister of Maharashtra when he was a trustee of famous Siddhi Vinayak Temple, Unethical disposal of lands belonging to Guruvayuer and Sabrimalai temples, allocation of Tirupati Temple funds for purposes of other religion's activities etc. As of now most of the famous temples in India are in the fist of government appointees, who are subservient to their political masters and automatically, the assets of temple are utilized for their irreligious and outright unholy work)
Varanasi's Ganga-Riverfront is made with sandstone steps, known as 'Ghat', or a place for taking holy-dip in the river. There are more than hundred Ghats, spanning a length of a few kilometers where thousands of pilgrims take holy dip every single day in the flowing waters of Ganga. Prayers are offered to Holy River Ganga by way of evening 'Aarti', an occasion that no tourist or pilgrim to this city would ever miss. The ceremony that lasts for about an hour provides a fantastic spectacle of moving huge burning fire in a ceremonial manner, honoring the River. It starts at 7 p. m. every evening. A large crowd of tourists had gathered on the ghats for this everyday spectacle. Ritual Aarti performers were strong and handsome youths, who wore traditional orange-yellow silken Dhoti. In their hands were huge burning lamps that they moved in clockwise as well anti-clockwise direction in front of Goddess River Ganga singing appropriate hymns. Crowd is usually huge, with a large number of white faces.
Durga Mata Mandir, (Monkey temple)
Durga Mata Temple is a 12 centuries old structure, made by a Bengal queen. The original temple however is of much greater antiquity. A plaque on the temple places its historicity to very ancient times, by referring to the 23rd Chapter of Bhagavat-Puran which narrates story of an ancient King Subahu of Kashi, who has established this temple in the honor of Mother Durga where She had promised to stay as was desired by the king. It is believed that Mother Durga lives here and protects people. We stood there for a while reading the plaque and watching devotees, mostly Bengali families, women in their trade mark cotton sarees going in and out of the temple. Flowers and Prasad items in their hands. Mother Durga is a fierce Goddess, a form of Mata Parvati. A water-tank style large pond with Ghat-style steps also forms part of the temple. Square shape and blood-red color seems to define this temple as everything here is fashioned in square shape and red color. The temple, its campus and the pond, everything is in square shape. This temple is an important Shakti-Peeth of Shakt worship, meaning, this place is a strong energy source for the worshippers. There is a large number of monkeys around this temple, earning it a nickname among western tourists as 'Monkey temple'.
Tulasi Manas Mandir (Saint Tulasi Das)
Just a few minutes walk away from red temple of Durga Mata, is a Tulasi Manas Mandir. It marks the site, sitting where, Saint Tulsidas had written "Ram-Charit Manas", the famous chronicle of Ramayana into local dilect with his own inputs for masses to easily understand story of Bhagavan Rama. Owing to his own intensity of love for Bhagavan Rama and Bhagavan Hanuman, and the divine insight that he had, his work, although written on the lines of original Sanskrit work by Sage (Rishi) Valmiki, stands on its own merit and has independent following of millions. His style is easy to follow yet has impossibly intense devotional sentiments. On the walls of the temple is inscribed complete "Ram-Charit Manas". It was a nice white-marble mansion style temple and received many tourists who would read the verses written all around the wall. If one is tired, one can sit for a while and again resume reading. Especially among people of Uttar Pradesh and Bihar, the "Rama-Charit-Manas" of Tulsi Das evokes more reverence than even the original text of Ramayana by Sage Valmiki.
Sankat Mochan Mandir (Hanumaan Temple)
'Sankat Mochan' in English is "Trouble-remover". There is one and only, deity who is known for that benevolence, Bhagavan Hanumaan. An able assistant of Bhagavan Rama, Hanumaan is said to be alive even today and is said to answer one's requests. This one temple I especially enjoyed as it is set within a garden like compound with many large old shadowy trees, with freely roaming monkeys. In fact due to presence of 'monkey God' Hanumaan and due to an army of monkeys on trees around, if this temple was called as Monkey temple it would have been more appropriate I thought. In large campus, there were many people and wee probably in preparation for some feast from their manners and big utensils I saw being worked on at a place behind a holy well.
Bhagavan Hanuman, is considered as Bhagavan Shiva's incarnation. He being alive, it is said that anywhere if one was to perform pooja of Bhagavan Rama, he would invariable show his presence there. Hanumaan is endowed with brilliant intellect, self control and total submission to Bhagavan Rama. His style of dedication is celebrated as a 'perfect servant-master relationship'
Benaras Hindu University Campus, 'Island of Tranquility'
The new Kashi-Vishwanath Temple in BHU as well as BHU itself is a different world; very much within hustle and bustle of Kashi, yet completely removed from it inside its campus. It was a wonderful change of scene for us. A tranquil island in the midst of noisy city. Wikipedia describes BHU as world's largest residential university and second in India in field of research. The University was established in the year 1916 after herculean effort by Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya, a scholar and a person who loved Indian culture dearly. During its "Bhumi-Pujan" or Hindu equivalent of ground breaking ceremony or foundation laying ceremony, many dignitaries came including Mahatma Gandhi came there on 6th Feb 1916. The land on which the BHU stands was donated by the then King of Kashi, Dr. Vibhuti Narayan Singh, in the illustrious foot step of his ancient predecessor, the King Divodas. BHU was a dream of Pandit Malaviya during the colonial times. Predictably, a lot of conditions were placed by British administration before granting permission to build the university. One being, a fund of Rupees five million!! And second being that the 'Central Hindu College' started by Dr. Annie Besant be merged with the proposed university. Both conditions were met by Hindu leaders of colonial India and the permission was ultimately granted in 1915 by the British administration. (Dr Annie Besant was founding member of Theosophical Society, a British lady who was highly impressed by Hindu culture and its leading holy books, the Bhagavad Gita, the Upanishads and the Vedas. Her translation of Bhagavad Gita is said to have inspired Mahatma Gandhi. She also held presidentship of India's leading political party, the Indian National Congress.)
Modern Kashi-Vishwa-Nath Mandir
The New Vishwanath temple was built on BHU campus from the donations made by famous industrialist and philanthropist Birla family. Temple is a replica of the original temple that was destroyed by Aurangzeb and is made from white marble. Temple is open to all and is spotlessly clean. We were impressed with professional conduct of the temple staff and wonderful quotes on its walls. All roads in BHU are tree-lined on both sides and are conspicuously clean. The area around the temple is made into a small touristic place with souvenir shops and restaurants and a garden. In the centre, a statue of Pandit Malaviya is placed before the sliding wrought Iron gates in memory of the creator of BHU.
Kaal-Bhairav Mandir, Fanatic Aurangzeb Terrified ?
To visit Kaal-Bhairav temple, one needs to pass through a very congested city area with a very narrow access lane. This ancient temple, in its current form was built by Maratha King Bajirao Peshwa II in 1817. Kaal-Bhairav is a terrible aspect of Bhagavan Shiva. He was so fierce that He is said to have done what no other God had done, cutting off a head of another God, no other than that of the creator God Brahma. As per the story, Brahma had five heads originally but after that episode, He is left only with four. Kaal Bhairav is also recognized as a 'Kshetra-paal' ('Sentry' or 'care taker of territory' in Sanskrit), and He is said to guard the area. Fanatic Muslim king Aurangzeb who had butchered his own brother (Dara Sikoh) and imprisoned till death his own father (Shahjehan, famed as builder of Taj Mahal) had ruthlessly demolished all the temples of Varanasi, however even he did not touch this one presumably, became nervous by the reputation of the patron of the temple.
Ramakrishna Mission Home of Service
Ramakrishna Mission is running a charity hospital, situated in downtown Varanasi, not far from Ghats. We had a good opportunity getting acquainted with its working. A Sanyasi (A renuncient, a Hindu monk wearing Saffron clothes, dedicated to education and service to society and self-improvements), who also was a doctor, was looking after this hospital. He ran us through history of the 109 year old hospital, initially set up by a group of friends, good Samaritans inspired by Swami Vivekananda's writings. Many years thereafter, during one of the visits of swami Vivekananda to Kashi, they merged it with the Mission. Swami explained why the name of the institution was "Ramakrishna Mission Home of Service"; it is because: "we can not cure; it is only God who cures. We, humans can only perform the service". This hospital has wards for nearly all the medical disciplines. Their large campus houses their own dairy with several cows to fully meet hospital's milk requirement. It also houses laundry, kitchen, library etc. We spent a morning there, bought some books from their bookstore and made some donation. We also told about Swadhyay activity. Renuncient Doctor was well versed with Swadhyay and had high regards for its creator, Revered Pandurang Shashtri Athavale. We were discussing about the hidden delights of "Bhaav Feri" and "Bhakti feri" where Swadhyayees visit, uninvited, and at their own cost and consequences, the homes of strangers and how wonderful it becomes to know these strangers and invariably discover something or the other from hearts and minds of those strangers - Their life, their abilities, their skills, their love and the invaluable signature of the indwelling God. In the course of this discussion he referred to a book written by Swami Anand, "Dharati nee Aarati", published (reprint of the old book) by Mahendra Zaverchand Trust. I, with a sense of modest pride informed the Doctor that Swami Anand happend to be our family, my uncle. He was brother of my great grandmother Diwali-Ba. In her old age, Diwali-Ba, known to us as 'Ma' used to live with her daughter, my favorite grandmother Saraswati Ben. In every vacation during my school days, I used to go to grandmother Saraswati Ben's house who lived in Wadhawan, a town in Saurashtra region of Gujarat state in India. Because Swami Anand was real brother of my great grandmother Diwali-Ba, in relation he becomes first maternal uncle of my dad and consequently mine too. Swami Anand became a sanyaasi. He renounced the world and put on saffron robes when he was a young man. He spent all of his time in studies, meditation and in public service. He did not marry. He was a prolific writer but so self-effacing was he that he did not allow any of his writing to be published. At last bowing to wishes of his friends and associates, he wrote in his will that after his death, the books may be published. He was an associate of Mahatma Gandhi. Any one who has read preface of Mahatma Gandhi's "Experiment with truth" knows Swami Anand as Mahatma's mentor, at whose instance he wrote that famous book. My grandmother Saraswati Ben, whom we used to address as Moti-Ba. was famously partial to me over her rest of the grandchildren, indeed pleasing me but also embarrassing sometimes when I am preferred over my other siblings. For all her goodness for me like a jerk I returned her favors with my destructive mischief and pranks for which I feel sorry today. On one of the worst mischief, ever, I had dug up the cow-dung-flooring of her house for which I am inconsolably ashamed even now.
Pandaas, Rituals Performers-Record Keepers: A Vanishing Tribe
Pandaas are those Brahmins who help pilgrims to perform religious ceremony, escort the devotees into the temple or bathing Ghats at holy places such as Kashi, Haridwar, Nashik etc and maintain written records of lineages and family trees. But they are infamous for selling their services rather aggressively. They usually work as unsalaried or freelance priests or assistants to priests and their income is from 'Dakshina' (Fees for performing rituals) 'tips' or 'commissions' paid by pilgrims and main priests. As per the ancient tradition, the pilgrim has the right to choose the amount that he is willing to pay to the performing priests and the performing priests do not have right to demand fees. However that practices is outdated and now as done in other businesses the price is set by the seller, i.e. the Pandaa. They came to acquire bad name when began aggressively selling their wares, demanding bigger dakshina and in a worst case scenario, extortion, cursing or even fighting with the pilgrims who does not give him business or gives smaller than expected 'Dakshina'.
All Pandaas can not be blamed but most have this notoriety. In Kashi, I was surprised by the drastic reduction in the number of "Pandaas". Apparently this tribe is on the verge of extinction and with them the entire database of millions of pilgrim. Their database is a unique system, developed centuries before computers came into existence and still, till date, can win over it, hands down. A Pandaa can trace pilgrim's ancestors, their place of residence and even connect to other relatives. Traditionally, Brahmins were more into education and God contemplation instead of in the art of business and multiplying money. There was a time when education and meditation commanded more respect. However, as always, time changes. Today, money is most valuable. Brahmins adapted to the change by selling their services and in due course became master at how to get most out of the pilgrims. They could not run their PR as masterly as what an insurance company, a cigarette company or a cosmetic company could do. This failure made their 'product' unwanted or unattractive and their income started to dwindle. Now hardly any Pandaa trains his son into his business. Pandaas' children have happily become tour-guides, salesmen, clerks and whatever; only the son who is 'good for nothing' would take up father's profession. Perhaps a harsh comment, perhaps not always true, but so it seemed to me. Our own guide that we had unsuspectingly hired in Kashi, was a son of a Pandaa, completely devoid of any religious knowledge or Vedic mantras, who hardly even knew of glorious Kashi history, takes pilgrims to the temples in the morning, arranges for Pandaa, arranges for boatman, etc and in the evening works as roving canvasser whose task it is to bring in free roaming tourist to silk shops. Varanasi is very famous for its silk. We too were taken to a silk emporium, however our interest was different. We were told by the guide-cum-roving-canvasser that he would be paid by the emporium for each tourist that he can manage to muster into the emporium, irrespective of purchase or not of silk. So like a Good Samaritan, we allowed ourselves to be led into the emporium by that Brahmin. Hopefully that Marawadi businessman would have done the right thing. Marawadi is said to be an astute business community that originated from western Indian desert state of Rajasthan.
Before ending our Kashi trip I must admit that at one time Kashi was famous for its food varieties, like sweets and Golagappas. However they have it seems not been able to maintain lead over other centers. Now they are no where near the quality that one finds in Mumbai.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Thank you for stepping up and writing your legislators in support of teachers. There are many ways to find information on your legislators; one of the easiest is through the National Education Association Legislative Action Center. At this site you can find your legislator and get help crafting your message.


If you love golf, you'll love Kawartha Lakes.
Beautiful grounds and scenery surround Kawartha Lakes' fairways. Whether you are an avid golfer or a beginner, the courses in Kawartha Lakes cater to all playing abilities. With 15 exceptional courses lined with amazing natural landscapes, Kawartha Lakes is a must-play destination for every golf enthusiast.


Ok, so I admit, I have actually never really cared for PB cookies all that much, but there's no accounting for pregnancy cravings and last week, I was craving peanut butter cookies something FIERCE.
However, I HATE crunchy cookies. I don't even see the point in crunchy cookies. Broccoli is crunchy. Celery is crunchy. Bones are crunchy. Cookies, as with so many other good things in life(kitties, flannel, ice cream, ladies...) should be soft(...say what?! Ok, that last one I mentioned is just self justification...heh heh).
I came across this recipe, and with nothing but a maddening craving to lose, decided to try it.
I now love pb cookies. Happily ever after.
If you decide to try the recipe too, I suggest using a bit more peanut butter than the recipe calls for. And be very careful not to over bake. The difference between divinely soft and hell beastly crunchy was only one minute in my oven.
Also, if you do decide to make them, I am requiring at least two cookies sent to me from the batch as a finder's fee.


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I love looking at the art pieces and then seeing what of the essence of that work of art you capture in jewelry – miniature twins of the bigness of meaning made humanly transportable transcending the fixed elements of the original art's location, size and availability for multiple human eyes to behold.
Judy, I love that you "get it" so completely!


I use non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) to alter activity within regions that are activated during attention and working memory. In healthy volunteers NIBS leads to temporary cognitive behavioral changes. I intend to apply NIBS in the clinical environment, where I also work, as a treatment intervention to enhance cognitive functions of people with acquired brain injury (ABI) who experience disability as a consequence of their injury.
I studied Health Sciences (2012) at Vrije Universiteit (VU) Amsterdam with specializations in Prevention and Public Health, and International Public Health. During my research internship I joined Athena Institute Amsterdam and validated the Internalized Scale of Mental Illness (ISMI) for use in leprosy-affected people and people with disabilities (PWD). During my PhD I work under supervision of Prof. Dr. Alexander Sack, Prof. Dr. Caroline van Heugten and Dr. Teresa Schuhmann.


text:
← Why you wanna make me have to defend Michele Bachmann?
Hitchens was an overrated gasbag →
Desperate Rick Perry takes last refuge of the scoundrel: 'Christianity'
As is the case with Repugnican Tea Party U.S. Rep. Michele Bachmann, we probably safely can ignore Repugnican Tea Party Texas Gov. Rick Perry, who, like Bachmann, can't break even 10 percent in recent presidential polls of the members of his own fucking fascistic party. Like Bachmann, Perry would be lucky even to be considered for the Repugnican Tea Party's vice presidential spot on the 2012 ticket.
Still, Rick Perry's "Brokeback Mountain"-like anti-gay spot (apparently primarily meant for Iowans, who will caucus early next month) has gone viral to the point that I feel compelled to chime in.
Many have pointed out (correctly) that the jacket that Perry wears in the spot is fairly identical to the jacket worn by the late Heath Ledger in "Brokeback Mountain" —
— and spoofs of the spot abound, including PhotoShop spoofs —
— and video spoofs such as this one, which is Perry's spot "gay-dubbed":
Perry deserves to be lampooned. Actually, he deserves worse. He apparently believes that the way to make up for his own glaring deficiencies is to attack an historically oppressed minority group, as though this were the 2004 presidential election (hey, gay-bashing worked pretty well for the last governor from Texas!). Yet the name of Perry's Brokeback spot is "Strong." Because yeah, it takes a big, strong, manly man to beat up on gays.
I've long suspected that Rick Perry in fact is a closet case, and the video of him giving an apparently drunken speech in New Hampshire in October pretty much confirms my suspicions — in the clip, it appears that Perry is drunk, and that alcohol, the great disinhibitor, brings out what's deep inside Perry, as he displays much-less-than-macho verbalizations and gesticulations. (As I noted at the time, he acted like a giddy schoolgirl.)
Not that I want Rick Perry on my team — I do not — but if it looks like a queer duck, waddles like a queer duck, and quacks like a queer duck…
But let's go beyond the image stuff and go ahead and tackle the "substance" of what Perry actually says in his spot. He says: "I'm not ashamed to admit that I'm a Christian, but you don't need to be in the pew every Sunday to know there's something wrong in this country when gays can serve openly in the military but our kids can't openly celebrate Christmas or pray in school."
Wow. This is wrong on so many levels. Where to begin?
OK, first, I suppose, we need to define the word "Christian." To me, the word means "one who is familiar with and who strives to follow the teachings of Jesus Christ."
By my definition, of course, Rick Perry and his ilk are not Christians. They are ignorant, fearful, violent (at least violent at heart and violent in spirit if not also physically violent) haters who are bound together not by anything remotely like love, but by their ignorance, their fearfulness and their hatred of the same "out" groups, such as non-heterosexuals, non-"Christians," non-whites, non-Americans, non-wingnuts, et. al.
Also fundamentally, we need to ask why Perry is conflating non-discrimination within the U.S. military and our children's ability to "celebrate Christmas or pray in school." Perry's "logic" here is as clear as is the "logic" of the "Christo"fascist fucktards who protest at U.S. military funerals, claiming that God kills U.S. soldiers abroad because the United States is too permissive on homosexuality. (What? You don't see the clear link?)
We also need to look at Rick Perry's utterly bogus claims of victimhood. "I'm not ashamed to admit that I'm a Christian," he whines, although anywhere from around 60 percent to 75 percent of Americans call themselves "Christians." This is a persecuted minority? Yeah, you know, I, for one, haven't seen a so-called "Christian" tossed to any lions recently.
Speaking of which, there is no fucking "war on Christmas." I am so not a Christian (well, I agree with Jesus' teachings that no one follows, but I certainly don't identify with the fascistic hypocrites who call themselves "Christians"), but I give Christmas cards and Christmas gifts every year. Christmas is pretty deeply ingrained within the American culture, and affects you whether you identify yourself as a Christian or not.
If anyone has been destroying Christmas, it is those who have commercialized it, who have sucked every drop of spirituality from it in order to make a buck, and they enjoy the full support of the "Christo"fascist Repugnican Tea Partiers, so if anyone is destroying Christmas, it's the wingnutty fascists who hypocritically blame others when, as usual, it is they who are to blame.
Anyone who wishes to celebrate Christmas in the United States of America may do so — but not with public funds (at least in the blue states, which for the most part honor the separation of church and state). That's fair and that's just. The same "Christo"facists who want to use our public funds to shove their own religious beliefs down everyone's throats would go ballistic if those same public funds were used to promote another religion, such as Islam. And how would the "Christo"fascists feel about Muslim prayers in our public schools?
Yeah, fuck the "Christo"fascists.
Perry also remarks in his spot, "You don't need to be in the pew every Sunday" — is this Perry's admission that he just calls himself a "Christian" since it's good politics in the backasswards "Christo"fascist state of Texas? Is this Perry's admission that he knows about as much about his own claimed religion as he knows about the U.S. Supreme Court, which he believes has eight justices, and not nine?
Speaking of Christianity, anyone who actually has read and comprehended the words of Jesus Christ as contained in the four gospels would oppose the very existence of the U.S. military, since Jesus taught love and peace and turning the other cheek — not bombing and gunning down and torturing and otherwise maiming and killing and inflicting pain and suffering upon others.
Jesus also said not one fucking word on homosexuality, at least not as recorded in the four gospels.
Obviously the holiday of Christmas was invented after Jesus' death, so we can't say that Jesus was pro-Christmas and still claim sanity, and this is what Jesus had to say about the public prayer that Rick "The U.S. Supreme Court Has Eight Justices" Perry claims is so central to Christianity:
"And when you pray, do not be like the hypocrites, for they love to pray standing in the synagogues and on the street corners to be seen by men. I tell you the truth, they have received their reward in full. But when you pray, go into your room, close the door and pray to your Father, who is unseen. Then your Father, who sees what is done in secret, will reward you." [Matthew 6:5 and Matthew 6:6]
Jesus clearly repudiated public prayer as being something that only hypocrites practice and instructed that his followers should pray in private.
We have all of these so-called "Christians" here in the United States of America, and I don't believe that in my almost 44 years I've actually met any more than a handful of them, not by my reasonable definition of a Christian.
Rick Perry certainly isn't a Christian. He's just an apparent alcoholic closet case, a self-loather who has wanted the presidency of the United States of America to fill the endless black void that is his soul, and he has demonstrated that he is perfectly willing to persecute the already persecuted in order to get there. Just like Jesus would do, right? And just like Adolf Hitler and his henchmen did.*
*No, the Hitler comparison is not out there. The right-wing, fascistic/pro-corporate, "Christian" Nazis killed thousands of gay men, just as the American Taliban – the "Christo"fascists here at home, the majority of whom are aligned with the Repugnican Tea Party – would do if they could. Hitler's political tactic was to whip up hatred of minorities (Jews, gays, gypsies, Communists, et. al.), and that's what the politicians within the Repugnican Tea Party do also (with hatred of Muslims, gays, "illegals," "socialists," et. al.).
Tagged as "Brokeback Mountain", "Christo"fascism, "Christo"fascists, "war on Christmas", Christianity, Christians, Christmas, closet cases, fascism, fascists, Iowa, Iowa caucuses, Islam, Jesus Christ, Michele Bachmann, Perry, religion, Republican Party, Republican Tea Party, Rick Perry, Rick Perry is gay, separation of church and state, Texas, theocracy, theocrats, theofascism, theofascists


text:
cask "retroarch-metal" do
  version "1.9.11"
  sha256 "b6b2346175111ce23172205956e063e4f1b3cf6eda998addf9d9f98b99242dbd"

  url "https://buildbot.libretro.com/stable/#{version}/apple/osx/universal/RetroArch_Metal.dmg"
  name "RetroArch"
  desc "Emulator frontend (Metal graphics API version)"
  homepage "https://www.libretro.com/"

  livecheck do
    url "https://buildbot.libretro.com/stable/"
    regex(%r{href=["']?/stable/v?(\d+(?:\.\d+)+)/?["' >]}i)
  end

  conflicts_with cask: "retroarch"

  app "RetroArch.app"

  zap trash: "~/Library/Application Support/RetroArch"
end

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


This exquisite painting truly shows the detailed skills of the artist – Jonathan Truss. 'Ice Dream' was commissioned directly from Jonathan in 2007. It comes fully framed.
Pure Art Originals © 2017 All rights reserved.
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Located on the Pacific Ocean midway along the arid Baja California peninsula, Ensenada was one of the first European settlements in Mexico. It is the third largest city in the Baja area, and more diverse in its economy than most. The shallow bays of the region attract migrating marine mammals, particularly gray whales, sea lions and elephant seals, which birth their young here in season. Ensenada has a long history as a getaway for tourists from the United States, and its Hussong's Cantina, started in 1892, is supposedly the birthplace of the margarita cocktail. In recent years, the winemaking area of the Valle de Guadalupe has burgeoned into a major tourist attraction, with over seventy vineyards making the bulk of Mexico's wines. The boom has also supported the rise of a well-reviewed culinary scene. For sightseeing, the desert landscape provides the bizarrely photogenic boojum trees, and the shoreline includes a natural blowhole called La Bufadora that frequently spouts nearly 90 feet in the air.


text:
Good Sport
Even though, down deep in my heart, I know public education spends way too much on sports and too little on arts, I'm still a sports nut. It was ingrained in this only child by a father who was a former gifted athlete.
Though he loved his daughter, I'm sure he was secretly hoping for a male tennis partner. Dad's solution? Go ahead and teach me to play golf, tennis, ping pong, pool, swimming, Poker, bowling, Frisbee throwing and the occasional kite flying. More importantly, he took me to the Cotton Bowl to see the Dallas Cowboy's every week. We started going when I was six. It was the first game the Cowboy's ever played.
Though I'm an avid gardener, most of my landscape work is done early in the morning. That leaves plenty of time for weekend afternoons spent on the couch watching one sport or another.
When the Teenage Eating Machine was born, my father was already gone to that great football game in the sky, so I passed the mantle on for him. TEM was a gifted athlete by the age of four being the top goal scorer in soccer. Sure sometimes he ran the wrong direction, but I knew he a born athlete. Visions of a Dallas Cowboy star danced in my head.
Though he won many trophies, by the time he was 16, the Teenage Eating Machine loved disobedience much more than sports. I resumed my spot on the couch watching those to whom I was not related.
There's much about professional sports today that makes me mad. Players are overpaid. It has been found some of them enhance their performance with drugs which might make them drag a leg in their early sixties. Cheating on your wife has almost become a sport of its own.
Still, I find myself watching the Masters, Stanley Cup Playoffs, the Kentucky Derby, all Olympic events and my beloved Dallas Cowboys. Yes, I will never quit loving America's team even though I'm convinced Jerry Jones should move back to Arkansas and Tony Romo needs to be fired before December.
When I moved to this part of Texas, I found a huge number of people totally dedicated to the San Antonio Spurs. I've never been much of a basketball fan, though I really enjoyed the Harlem Globetrotters with Dad.
Very Best Friend is anti-sports except for the Spurs. She lives in a lovely, intelligent National Public Radio world where arts are actually more important than sports. So when VBF chimed up about the Spurs and said they were the best basketball team ever, I took notice. Even more importantly, I started watching the sports on my local nightly newscast.
Know what I discovered? In this crazy sports-driven world, there still exists a sports franchise that is as polite as Tom Laundry, plays like an actual team and doesn't have room for overpaid Super Stars. Greg "Pop" Popovich is a soft spoken, kind-hearted genius who knows how to out maneuver the opposition's overpaid Prima Donnas. His players not only respect him, but they respect each other and their city.
ESPN doesn't like the Spurs. No trouble makers. No glamour boys. Every time they win the NBA Championship, these announcers call it a fluke. These talented men are on their way to a fifth national title so maybe the critics will finally figure out that hard work, good manners and community involvement might just be the key to winning. Sure looks like it from my perspective.
I shall step off my sports soap box now. Go, Spurs, Go!


A Very clean dublduck. The blade has almost no pitting, the scales have a few scratches but look good as new. Shave with one of the best and well known razors in the world. Manufactured in Solingen Germany. This is a must have.


Jason B. Caron is a partner in the law firm of McDermott Will & Emery LLP and is based in the Firm's Washington, D.C., office.
Esther Chang is a partner in the law firm of McDermott Will & Emery LLP and is based in the Firm's Los Angeles office.
Mandy Kim is an associate with the law firm of McDermott Will & Emery LLP and is based in the Firm's Orange County office. She focuses her practice on intellectual property litigation.
Lauren Martin is an associate in the law firm of McDermott Will & Emery LLP and is based in the Firm's Chicago office. She focuses her practice on intellectual property litigation.


T-Mobile really wants you to break up with your current carrier. So much it's even going to help you write a breakup letter.
There's no question John Legere and team have done a tremendous job with helping to change and reshape the wireless industry as we once knew it. During CES, T-Mobile announced as part of it's Uncarrier movement, Uncarrier Part 4 to be exact, that it would start paying early termination fees for customers currently under contract with another carrier.
A brilliant marketing campaign has followed, with T-Mobile offering to help you "break up" with your carrier. If you're on Twitter and follow Legere, then you have seen the amount of photos he retweets from various customers and retail locations showing breakup letters and happy (new) customers.
For those who recently switched carriers, or who plan on breaking up with your current wireless provider, T-Mobile has made it easy to print out or share the breakup letter across your social networks.
The only thing you'll need to do is select the wording you'd like the letter to contain, then sign your name.
The letter itself isn't truly mailed to your carrier, unless you decide to include it with your final payment. Instead, it's more of a symbolic gesture which T-Mobile hopes will catch on as more people take a stand against competing wireless providers.
To create your own breakup letter and have some fun with it, head on over to this Facebook app, and start crafting your breakup letter.


Costco Now Sells Cauliflower Tater Tots!
If you love tater tots, but want a healthier alternative to it well Costco is here to save the day!
Costco now sells cauliflower tater tots and everyone that has tried them is raving about them.
These cauli-tots are "cauliflower florets that are chopped and formed into a tot."
The brand's website says that "Once cooked, they are light to golden brown in color with a firm and crunchy coating."
They are organic, GMO-free, and are ONLY 140 calories a serving!
The bag is three pounds and comes with instructions for both oven roasting and deep frying.
Costco is selling the bag for $9.69 and parents are saying that their kids can't even tell that they are cauliflower so that's a plus.


Breaded chicken breast with sliced virginia ham & swiss with lettuce, served with ranch dressing.
Grilled chicken breast with fresh romaine lettuce, red onions, tomato slices, cheddar jack cheese & honey mustard sauce.
Zucchini, carrots, roasted red peppers, eggplant, portabello mushroom & balsamic vinaigrette.
Grilled chicken, portobello mushroom, eggplant, roasted red peppers & fresh mozzarella cheese with basil pesto spread.


AFTER the last-gasp 3-2 win over Fulham, Liverpool's renaissance could yet switch from being one of the sub-plots in an intriguing Premier League season to the main theme. Whether they win the title or not, Brendan Rodgers has overseen a major improvement in the club's fortunes.Here, PAUL JOYCE looks at the factors that have underpinned their rise.
Liverpool's season was shaped even before a ball had been kicked when principal owner John W Henry insisted Luis Suarez would not be sold at any price.
Henry's strong leadership restored focus and Suarez's performances prior to Christmas, especially, were electrifying as he plundered 19 goals. More than that, the Uruguayan's stunning displays have served to raise the standards of his team-mates.
Those who suggested Liverpool would falter when his goals dried up have been left looking silly. Suarez, now playing slightly wider for the good of the team, has scored four of his side's last 28 strikes as the responsibility is shared.
It is a misconception that Liverpool's lighter fixture schedule compared to that of their rivals is their greatest advantage. Jose Mourinho's acerbic remark that Rodgers has spent the season on holiday misses the point entirely.
Rodgers has been able to maximise the time he has been able to spend with his players on the training pitch. Take the strides made by Raheem Sterling or Jon Flanagan, or the improvement in Jordan Henderson.
The midfielder has benefited hugely from sessions with Rodgers with the work focusing on when and where he should press and win the back the ball. That both a new contract and the World Cup beckon for Henderson speaks volumes.
Rodgers has not shirked big decisions – the departure of Andy Carroll remains the greatest example of that – but nor is he unwilling to change his mind.
Henderson, Flanagan and Martin Skrtel have all found themselves marginalised at some point only to be successfully reintegrated. Liverpool's evolution this season has also revealed Rodgers to be adept at adapting when the circumstances demand it.
Liverpool lost 2-0 at The Emirates on November 1, a defeat that was supposed to the highlight the yawning gap with the Premier League's elite, but they have learned since then.
The 3-5-2 formation deployed that day has been refined to 4-1-4-1 or 4-3-3, and the proof of the formula was in last weekend's 5-1 win in the rematch with Arsenal. Philippe Coutinho has found his form in a more central role and the use of Steven Gerrard as a controlling midfielder has paid off instantly.
Not since 1987-88 when John Barnes was at his peak and the title was won at a canter have Liverpool been as devastating at home.
At his unveiling, Rodgers declared his intention to restore Fortress Anfield and 11 wins in 13 matches, with 38 goals scored, represents a seismic shift to what went before. Tottenham, Manchester City and Chelsea have all to visit in the coming weeks and would be happy to escape unscathed.
It is unprecedented for a team to leap from seventh place to title winners in one season and while the momentum is with Liverpool, they still have much to do to end a 24-year wait for championship success.
"I've been close a couple of times before when we finished second in 2002 and 2009," said Gerrard. "And I know from that experience not to get carried away because the moment you get ahead of yourself there'll be a bad result and it will smack you in the face.
Rodgers has strived to deflect the focus from his team and onto himself by accepting the blame on the occasions when Liverpool have stuttered. If he was at fault then, so he deserves to bask in the limelight today.
Momentum has allowed Liverpool's players, and fans, to buy into just what Rodgers' is striving to achieve.
"There have been times in the past when you do wonder, 'Are we going to be up near the top of the league again?'" said skipper Gerrard.
"But when you have little chats with the owners and you listen to the manager's plans, how he wants the club to progress, and you work with him each day, then you can see the way forward.


My first experience of Colorado Mountain College dates back to early 1970. CMC was a resource for enrichment courses for the growing Eagle County adult population. Today CMC is a vibrant public college which offers two- and four-year undergraduate degree programs: Five bachelor degrees (third most affordable in the country), 54 associate degrees and 77-plus certificate programs.
Last week I had the honor of joining the Colorado Mountain College Foundation Board, representing the Edwards campus within the greater CMC district of 11 locations over 12,000 square miles.
As I learn more, I am increasingly impressed with the opportunities that this community college brings to all of us. Feb. 21, CMC's "Women in Philanthropy" brought nationally renowned environmentalist, author, and two-time vice presidential nominee Winona LaDuke to the Edwards campus to talk with both students and the community at large. Her lecture that evening was at capacity, with 200-plus attendees, including CMC students, faculty from five different campuses and residents from up and down the valley. FYI, past speakers have included Steve Jobs' biographer Walter Isaacson, conservationist Maude Barlow, New York Times best-selling author Susan Cain, landscape photographer John Fielder, and Colorado Supreme Court Justice Nancy Rice. This kind of event is a common occurrence at CMC Edwards, is always free and open to the public.
The most exciting piece that I have been made aware of is the cooperative effort on the part of CMC and the valley's major employers to understand the staffing challenges and to expand or create new programs to meet employers' needs. CMC works closely with the Eagle County School District to provide dual enrollment opportunities to over 700 high school students, while continuing to collaborate with various local organizations to get our kids more career-ready than ever. Many will graduate with a career certificate and skill set that enables them to join the workforce. Others will enter college with a "jump start" on their college career.
CMC prides itself on being the community's college, and from what I have observed, it lives up to that and more.


CFDCs provide technical advice, business counselling, information and referral services to small and medium-sized enterprises. This can include help with business plan development or training needs, export support, and sponsoring trade shows or business seminars. CFDCs also provide local access to the services of Canada Business.
As a CFDC, South Temiskaming Community Futures Development Corporation, through the Business Centre, can assist you in reviewing your marketing and business plans or with all business related issues such as human and financial resources management.
If you need help in developing your project, South Temiskaming Community Futures Development Corporation, through the Business Centre, can obtain some information. We have a regional trade index and also community profiles with statistical data and other municipal information.
For economic community projects, South Temiskaming Community Futures Development Corporation, through the Business Centre, can assist you. We have information on government programs and contacts.


text:
Q: amsthm: Theorems, Lemmas numbered backwards What I want
\newtheorem{thm}{Theorem}

\begin{thm} A \end{thm}
\begin{thm} B \end{thm}
\begin{thm} C \end{thm}

Ends up generating
Theorem 1 A.
Theorem 2 B.
Theorem 3 C.

What I want instead:
Theorem 3 A.
Theorem 2 B.
Theorem 1 C.

Why would anyway want this insanity?
I'm logging ideas I'm considering in LaTeX.
I want everything appear in reverse chronological order (i.e. newest ideas first; oldest idea last.)
Now, I want the numberings to remain valid across versions -- i.e. when I add a new theorem, I want old theorem 20 to remain as theorem 20 [thus all the discussions about theorem 20 do not suddenly become mislabeled.]

A: If you go
\let\oldthm\thm
\def\thm{\addtocounter{thm}{-2}\oldthm}

it will count backwards, you would need
\setcounter{thm}{4}

at the start, either manually, or by counting the number of thm used last time and setting it automatically from a previous run.

a complete document automating the resetting
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{amsthm}

\newtheorem{thm}{Theorem}
\let\oldthm\thm
\def\thm{\addtocounter{thm}{-2}\oldthm}

\makeatletter
\def\finalthm{0}
\AtEndDocument{%
\immediate\write\@auxout{%
\string\gdef\string\finalthm{\the\value{thm}}}%
}
\AtBeginDocument{%
\setcounter{thm}{\startthm}
\addtocounter{thm}{-\finalthm}
\stepcounter{thm}%
\immediate\write\@auxout{%
\string\gdef\string\startthm{\the\value{thm}}}%
}
\makeatother
\begin{document}

\begin{thm} A \end{thm}
\begin{thm} B \end{thm}
\begin{thm} C \end{thm}

\end{document}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Please Note: Norvell Renewing Sunless Exfoliator is available for purchase only for clients we service in the West Chester, PA area. All products purchased will be brought to your next spray tan appointment.
Norvell Renewing Sunless Exfoliator is a great choice to prepare for your spray tan. Norvell's sunless exfoliator can be used to gently polish, renew and exfoliate your skin 24 hours prior to your spray tanning session.


CANDIDATE SHOULD BE PUNCTUAL AND HAVE TO MAINTAIN ALL THE RULES AND REGULATION.
BEHAVE CALMLY WITH THEIR CUSTOMERS.
HANDSOME SALARY WITH PF+ ESI+ MEDICAL FACILITIES.
JBL Supreme recruiting CASA Department candidates nearby Kolkata.JBL Supreme vacancies for CASA Department is recruited through Written-test, Face to Face Interview etc.
JBL Supreme Company recruits a lot of candidates every year based on the skills . The candidates with Other Graduate are selected to full fill the vacancies in Others job field. The candidates nearby Kolkata can apply for CASA Department position in JBL Supreme. All candidates should have a degree or post-graduation in the required field based on the requirement mentioned. The jobs are available in Full Time basis. When it comes to the JBL Supreme recruitment, candidates are mostly chosen for the department of Others . To learn more about the current jobs and other details, it is better to go through official site of JBL Supreme and Freshersworld. Find the latest jobs near you and near your home. So, that you don't need to relocate. The Freshersworld is a leading employment portal that researches the official site of JBL Supreme and provides all the details about the current vacancies, the application process, selection process, interview test details, important dates and other information. Search and apply for the top job positions in JBL Supreme and near your city and get a secured career.