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LLM in Banking and Finance Law
General Program Description About the School
Visit the school's website
LLM ›
Law Studies ›
Administrative Law Studies ›
Banking Law ›
This is a distinctive LLM programme that considers the law and regulation of banking and finance. You will have the opportunity to examine wide-ranging questions concerning the impact of law, regulation, policy and practice on banking and finance. You will be taught by leading academics who have internationally recognised research profiles on this subject.
The programme includes various specialist units dealing with banking and finance law. It is suitable for students seeking a career in law, finance, business or regulation. Among the benefits of studying for this LLM are the subject coverage it offers and the transferable skills it promotes. It is designed to enhance a range of practical settings and careers.
We have a large and vibrant international community and University of Bristol LLM students benefit from small class sizes taught by world-leading experts.
You will take four units (120 credit points overall, 30 credit points each) and a compulsory dissertation (60 credit points). You have the option of choosing three specialist banking and finance units and then one further unit from any of our other LLM programmes.
Exit awards
All taught masters programmes unless exempted by Senate, must allow the opportunity for students to exit from the programme with a postgraduate diploma or certificate.
To be awarded a postgraduate diploma, students must have successfully completed 120 credit points, of which 90 must be at level M/7.
To be awarded a postgraduate certificate, students must have successfully completed 60 credit points, of which 40 must be at level M/7.
Degree classifications:
An award with Merit or Distinction is permitted for postgraduate taught masters, diplomas and certificates, where these are specifically named entry-level qualifications. An award with Merit or Distinction is not permitted for exit awards where students are required to exit the programme on academic grounds. An exit award with Merit or Distinction may be permitted where students are prevented by exceptional circumstances from completing the intended award.
The classification of the award in relation to the final programme mark is as follows:
Award with Distinction*: at least 65 out of 100 for the taught component overall and, for masters awards, at least 70 out of 100 for the dissertation. **Faculties retain discretion to increase these thresholds.
Award with Merit*: at least 60 out of 100 for the taught component overall and, for masters awards, at least 60 out of 100 for the dissertation. Faculties retain discretion to increase these thresholds.
*The MA in Law has separate regulations for awarding distinction and merit.
**For the award of Distinction, the Faculty of Engineering requires at least 70 out of 100 for the taught component overall and, for masters awards, at least 70 out of 100 for the dissertation.
Diploma/certificate stages:
All taught masters programmes unless exempted by Senate, must allow the opportunity for students to choose, or be required, to leave at the postgraduate diploma or certificate stage.
jessica45 / Pixabay
An upper second-class honours degree in law or a degree with an adequate law component. International students with equivalent qualifications should supply a transcript of their examination results (this should be an official English translation if the original is not in English).
Recognised Prior Learning is not currently accepted. Previous or professional experience is not required.
If English is not your first language, you need to meet this profile level:
Profile B
You need to achieve required levels of English to qualify for a place on your chosen course/programme.
Different courses/programmes need different levels of language skills. We refer to these skill levels as 'profiles'. The profile for your chosen course/ programme is shown on the course/programme page.
The tests and levels you need to achieve to meet the requirements are on each profile page.
English language proficiency tests should have been obtained within two years of the start date of your programme/course.
This content and approach to teaching in this programme will develop your understanding and transferable skills, which in turn will open up diverse career paths in law, finance, business or financial regulation. This LLM could be a springboard for such careers or an appropriate programme of study for people already working in these fields.
It will also be of interest to recent graduates in law, policy, politics and cognate fields, or if you are planning to go on to a research career.
Last updated Mar 2020
University of Bristol Law School
Bristol is one of the most popular and successful universities in the UK, ranked in the world's top 50 in the QS World University Rankings 2020.
Bristol is one of the most popular and successful universities in the UK, ranked in the world's top 50 in the QS World University Rankings 2020. Read less
Browse thousands of law degrees from around the world.
Studying law opens doors to many professions around the world. With LAWSTUDIES, students can connect to law schools and programs and find the right law degree for their career aspirations. As a trusted part of the Keystone Academic Solutions family of multi-lingual, student-centered websites, LAWSTUDIES is the key to law studies at all levels. Students use LAWSTUDIES to find LLBs and LLMs, MLS degrees, Law PhDs, paralegal courses, postgraduate law diplomas, and many other legal qualifications in countries around the world.


In view of the increasing complexity of technical goods, their documentation is a prerequisite for a product to be safely operated and maintained. This applies both to railway vehicles as well as machines and systems. Our experienced Technical Editors are well versed in both areas.
Already in the development process, they adopt the perspective of the customer and provide support with the designing of operating procedures and safety analyses. Our qualified personnel then undertake the research on information that the subsequent user will require in all the phases of the product's life cycle. In this process, it is not uncommon for issues to arise that allow the developers to improve the product.
When producing an information concept, the relevant target groups together with their information needs are determined and the suitable media defined.
This can be provided as online help, video tutorial or in the classical print form. As part of creating the contents, texts are drawn up and graphics derived from CAD data with little effort. If required, a translation is also arranged. Upon request, the documents (in the quantity required) are directly delivered to your customers.
Reliable cooperation with fast service is one of the standards at CE cideon engineering. You can rely on our expertise in the area of documentation at any time.


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The cart offers an option to put images into and request them.
Seminar Gallery
Erkki Tuomioja (Minister for Foreign Affairs of Finland), Hannu Halinen (Arctic Ambassador of Finland) and Alan Bowman (Deputy Head of Mission at the Mission of Canada to the European Union) take part in the opening session of "The EU in the Arctic, the Arctic in the EU" seminar in Brussels, Belgium, 11 September 2014.
Erkki Tuomioja (Minister for Foreign Affairs of Finland) and Hannu Halinen (Arctic Ambassador of Finland) take part in the opening session of "The EU in the Arctic, the Arctic in the EU" seminar in Brussels, Belgium, 11 September 2014.
Hannu Halinen (Arctic Ambassador of Finland), and Alan Bowman (Deputy Head of Mission at the Mission of Canada to the European Union) take part in the opening session of "The EU in the Arctic, the Arctic in the EU" seminar in Brussels, Belgium, 11 September 2014.
Members of the audience listen to opening presentations at "The EU in the Arctic, the Arctic in the EU" seminar in Brussels, Belgium, 11 September 2014.
Lars Anders Baer (Senior member of the Working Group of Indigenous Peoples on the Barents Euro-Arctic Council) delivers a speech at the opening session of "The EU in the Arctic, the Arctic in the EU" seminar in Brussels, Belgium, 11 September 2014.
Hannu Halinen (Arctic Ambassador of Finland), Alan Bowman (Deputy Head of Mission at the Mission of Canada to the European Union) and Lars Anders Baer (Senior member of the Working Group of Indigenous Peoples on the Barents Euro-Arctic Council) take part in the opening session of "The EU in the Arctic, the Arctic in the EU" seminar in Brussels, Belgium, 11 September 2014.
Richard Tibbels (Richard Tibbels, Head of the Eastern Partnership, Regional Cooperation and OSCE Division at the European External Action Service), Erkki Tuomioja (Minister for Foreign Affairs of Finland), Hannu Halinen (Arctic Ambassador of Finland), Alan Bowman (Deputy Head of Mission at the Mission of Canada to the European Union) and Lars Anders Baer (Senior member of the Working Group of Indigenous Peoples on the Barents Euro-Arctic Council) take part in the opening session of "The EU in the Arctic, the Arctic in the EU" seminar in Brussels, Belgium, 11 September 2014.
Erkki Tuomioja (Minister for Foreign Affairs of Finland) and Paula Kankaanpää (Director of the Arctic Centre at the University of Lapland in Rovaniemi, Finland) admire the finished copy of the Arctic assessment put together by members of the EU Arctic Information Centre consortium.
Lize-Marie van der Watt (Research Coordinator, Swedish Polar Research Secretariat) delivers a presentation on the EU Arctic Information Centre consortium's Arctic Initiatives Compendium. Brussels, Belgium, 11 September 2014.
Luis Felipe Fernández de la Peña (Managing Director for Europe and Central Asia, European External Action Service), Erkki Tuomioja (Minister for Foreign Affairs of Finland), and Hannu Halinen (Arctic Ambassador of Finland), take part in the opening session of "The EU in the Arctic, the Arctic in the EU" seminar in Brussels, Belgium, 11 September 2014.
Ma?gorzata ?mieszek (Researcher, the Arctic Centre, University of Lapland) and Arne Riedel (Researcher, Ecologic Institute) listen while Lize-Marie van der Watt (Research Coordinator, Swedish Polar Research Secretariat) delivers a presentation on the EU Arctic Information Centre consortium's Arctic Initiatives Compendium. Brussels, Belgium, 11 September 2014.
More than 170 people turned up for "The EU in the Arctic, the Arctic in the EU" seminar on 11 September 2014 at the Residence Palace in Brussels, Belgium.
Björn Dahlbäck (Director of the Swedish Polar Research Secretariat) chats with Mikael Janson (Director of the North Sweden European Office) during "The EU in the Arctic, the Arctic in the EU" seminar on 11 September 2014 in Brussels, Belgium.
Members of the European Parliament Jens Nilsson (Sweden), Anneli Jäätteenmäki (Finland) and Liisa Jaakonsari (Finland) take part in a discussion on the role of the EU in the Arctic led by Markku Heikkilä (Head of Science Communication at the Arctic Center at the University of Lapland in Rovaniemi, Finland) during "The EU in the Arctic, the Arctic in the EU" seminar on 11 September 2014 in Brussels, Belgium.
Björn Dahlbbäck, Director of the Swedish Polar Research Secretariat, leads a discussion with members of the EU Arctic Information Centre consortium's Steering Committee during "The EU in the Arctic, the Arctic in the EU" seminar on 11 September 2014 in Brussels, Belgium.
A panel of Arctic experts from different corners of Europe who took part in the research undertaken during the EU Arctic Information Centre's pilot phase present their findings at "The EU in the Arctic, the Arctic in the EU" seminar on 11 September 2014 in Brussels, Belgium.
Audience members listen as experts from the EU Arctic Information Centre consortium present their research findings during "The EU in the Arctic, the Arctic in the EU" seminar on 11 September 2014 at the Residence Palace in Brussels, Belgium.
Luis Felipe Fernández de la Peña (Managing Director for Europe and Central Asia, European External Action Service), Erkki Tuomioja (Minister for Foreign Affairs of Finland), Hannu Halinen (Arctic Ambassador of Finland), and Alan Bowman (Deputy Head of Mission at the Mission of Canada to the European Union) take part in the opening session of "The EU in the Arctic, the Arctic in the EU" seminar in Brussels, Belgium, 11 September 2014.
Adam Stepien (Researcher from the Arctic Centre at the University of Lapland in Rovaniemi, Finland) presents research findings during "The EU in the Arctic, the Arctic in the EU" seminar on 11 September 2014 at the Residence Palace in Brussels, Belgium.
Nicholas Hanley from DG Environment at the European Commissions delivers remarks during "The EU in the Arctic, the Arctic in the EU" seminar on 11 September 2014 in Brussels, Belgium.
Paula Kankaanpää (Director of the Arctic Centre at the University of Lapland in Rovaniemi, Finland) delivers closing remarks during "The EU in the Arctic, the Arctic in the EU" seminar on 11 September 2014 in Brussels, Belgium.
Luis Felipe Fernández de la Peña (Managing Director for Europe and Central Asia, European External Action Service), Erkki Tuomioja (Minister for Foreign Affairs of Finland), and Hannu Halinen (Arctic Ambassador of Finland) take part in the opening session of "The EU in the Arctic, the Arctic in the EU" seminar in Brussels, Belgium, 11 September 2014.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Q: sharepoint designer 2013 workflow stuck in progress I created a list for internal approval and a workflow to perform this approval.
I have designed a workflow below that is simple one. The workflow initate the action well - Set the pending status, send an email to assign the task.

The one who received the task can access to it as you can see below

For Taks Status: I have removed the all default status and set 2 (Not started and Completed). when the screen is open the default status = blank
For Task Outcome, I have removed the default one, and set Need more info/Rejected/Compliance Notified. When the contact takes action and select for example

*

*Task Status = Completed

*Task Outcome = Compliance Notified
When clicked in Save, normally an email will autogenerated and inform about the status. But this is not happened here.
As you can see in the screen below, the status of workflow stuck at stage name "Pending to review" and I think that the email notification was not sent, due to this status.
Can you help me here and tell me what wrong with my workflow?

Thanks in advance for your support.
rgs
Frederic

A: It looks like your workflow actually completed without going where you anticipated. To me, it looks like your if-conditions weren't being satisfied and it ignored them. Double check your spelling and that the output in Request Status is actually just a word and not an indexed value like 0;Rejected or something.
Some logging comments like Entered Stage: Pending for review, value of the variable "TaskID" is: xx, and Entered if-condition Rejected could be useful to verify your workflow hits what you want it to.
I'd also suggest cleaning up the conditions a bit. I've done a quick review of your workflow that goes over the duplicate code.

In your transition in the first stage there, if the Total Support Services isn't less than or equal to 999, then it has to be greater than or equal to 1000, assuming integer values. That means that it'll always go to the Pending for Review stage, and won't ever end the workflow.
In Stage: Pending for Review you change the status to what you had in Stage: Stage 2 (no change, realistically), then enter the always true statement (can't get to this stage without it being true already), and change status to what you just changed it to... again.
Similar concept for Stage: Pending for Review 2

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


DSM informs market on Patheon N.V.
Royal DSM, a global science-based company active in health, nutrition and materials, informs its stakeholders that the Board of Directors of Patheon N.V. (NYSE:PTHN), a company in which DSM holds approximately 48.7 million ordinary shares, has unanimously approved the acquisition of Patheon by Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. (NYSE:TMO). Thermo Fisher will commence a tender offer to acquire all of the issued and outstanding shares of Patheon for $35.00 per ordinary share in cash.
DSM has entered into a tender and support agreement with Thermo Fisher pursuant to which DSM will tender its shares in the transaction. The transaction, which is expected to be completed by the end of 2017, is subject to the satisfaction of customary closing conditions, including the receipt of applicable regulatory approvals, the adoption of certain resolutions relating to the transaction at an extraordinary general meeting of Patheon's shareholders and completion of the tender offer.
More information regarding the acquisition of Patheon by Thermo Fisher can be found in the press release issued by Thermo Fisher and Patheon on 15 May 2017.
The tender offer referenced herein has not yet commenced. This communication is for informational purposes only and is neither an offer to purchase nor a solicitation of an offer to sell any ordinary shares of Patheon or any other securities, nor is it a substitute for the tender offer materials that Thermo Fisher and its acquisition subsidiary will file with the SEC. On the commencement date of the tender offer, a tender offer statement on Schedule TO, including an offer to purchase, a letter of transmittal and related documents, will be filed with the SEC by Thermo Fisher and/or its acquisition subsidiary and a solicitation/recommendation statement on Schedule 14D-9 will be filed with the SEC by Patheon with respect to the tender offer. The offer to purchase all of the outstanding ordinary shares of Patheon will only be made pursuant to the offer to purchase, the letter of transmittal and related documents filed as a part of the Schedule TO. Patheon will also file a proxy statement with the SEC in connection with the extraordinary general meeting of shareholders of Patheon, at which the Patheon shareholders will vote on certain proposed resolutions in connection with the transaction.
THE TENDER OFFER MATERIALS (INCLUDING AN OFFER TO PURCHASE, A RELATED LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL AND CERTAIN OTHER TENDER OFFER DOCUMENTS), THE SOLICITATION/RECOMMENDATION STATEMENT ON SCHEDULE 14D-9 AND THE PROXY STATEMENT WILL CONTAIN IMPORTANT INFORMATION. INVESTORS AND SHAREHOLDERS OF PATHEON ARE URGED TO READ THESE DOCUMENTS CAREFULLY WHEN THEY BECOME AVAILABLE BECAUSE THEY WILL CONTAIN IMPORTANT INFORMATION THAT SUCH PERSONS SHOULD CONSIDER BEFORE MAKING ANY DECISION REGARDING TENDERING THEIR ORDINARY SHARES OR MAKING ANY VOTING DECISION.
The tender offer materials (including the offer to purchase and the related letter of transmittal and certain other tender offer documents), the solicitation/recommendation statement and the proxy statement (when they become available) and other documents filed with the SEC by Thermo Fisher or Patheon, may be obtained free of charge at the SEC's website at www.sec.gov or at Patheon's website at www.patheon.com or by contacting Patheon's investor relations department at +1 919 226 3165, or at Thermo Fisher's website at www.thermofisher.com or by contacting Thermo Fisher's investor relations department at +1 781 622 1111. In addition, investors and shareholders of Patheon may obtain free copies of the tender offer materials by contacting the information agent for the tender offer that will be named in the tender offer statement on Schedule TO.


View cart "WidsMob PhotoVault" has been added to your cart.
WidsMob Portrait is a professional photo editor for portrait images, which you can have full control over makeup, skin color manage, batch retouch process, excellent photo quality, intuitive interface and fast speed. More Detail.


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10 Skills Our Kids Will Never Learn
Already, vast areas of Boomer knowledge are becoming obsolete
by Tracy Thompson, AARP, October 2016 | Comments: 0
Shutterstock/Istock/Istock
Completely obsolete?
En español | When you think about it, human progress can be summed up as the shedding of skills that once seemed vital in order to free up times to acquire new ones. Steamboat captains aren't much in demand these days; expertise in social media is. It's a process that used to take several generations. These days, it happens in a blur. Already, vast areas of Boomer knowledge is becoming obsolete.
How to read a map
What will happen to our progeny when the cellphone battery dies and they are 40 miles south of East Nowhere? Will they know how to orient themselves on a map? Will there be maps?
How to do simple home crafts
It took my mother 30 seconds to teach me how to press fall leaves between two pieces of waxed paper. Boom! Our kids will consult Pinterest, where they will learn that if they have a balloon, a quart of Mod Podge, two pounds of confetti and six hours, they can make a popcorn bowl—assuming nothing goes wrong, which it will.
How to send things through the mail
As a freelance editor, I sometimes send book manuscripts through the mail. Not long ago, a 20-something clerk at Office Depot took the four-pound box of manuscripts I was sending back to its author, stuck a 42-cent stamp on it and tossed it in the mail bin. I just looked at him. "What?" he said. He had no idea that postage was calculated by weight because he had never mailed a package before.
How to write in cursive
My husband can't tell if my shopping list says "bran flour" or "brake fluid"—and I'm a product of an era when schools still taught penmanship. Now that Common Core has deemed penmanship irrelevant, our kids are doomed. Archeologists of the future will wonder how a species that communicated in emoticons ever achieved space flight.
How to folk dance
Folk dancing was the go-to recess activity on rainy days when I was in elementary school. It incorporated music into learning, it taught the basics of etiquette, and it was fun. These days, kids are lucky to get recess, period.
Robert Deutschman
AARP Offer: Remember the past, help shape the future
Share your stories and help advocate for political support to protect your future. Join AARP to support living with dignity and purpose.
How to maintain an extensive mental archive of 1960s-era commercial jingles
Thanks to the fact that I have all the lyrics to the Armour Hot Dog song stuck in my brain, I have no mental bandwidth left for my bank account password. Fortunately, our children won't have their brains cluttered up this way. They will be busy curating an extensive mental archive of rap lyrics.
How to plant vegetables by the phase of the moon
There's no science behind this folklore, sad to say. But it did attune you to the rhythms of nature without having to shell out for a $700 "mindfulness retreat."
How to balance a checkbook
Or, for that matter, write a check.
How to make change in their heads
What's $8.47 out of $20? If you're like me, you do a mental exercise that goes something like: $10, plus another dollar makes $11, and 50 cents plus three more comes to $11.53. Okay, I just checked that on my Iphone, but I can do it in my head if I have to.
How to drive a stick shift
With the advent of driverless cars, our children may never even get behind the wheel, much less learn how to pop a clutch. On the other hand, this would mean we could all say goodbye to Driver's Ed. On the whole, this is progress.
View More Slideshows
12 Ways Millennials Differ From Boomers
9 Unique First Ladies Through History
JFK: Personal Portraits From a Public Life
10 Ideal College Towns to Retire
Renew Membership — Continue your AARP benefits, discounts, magazine & more


Vulnerability in the MySQL Cluster component of Oracle MySQL (subcomponent: Cluster: General). Supported versions that are affected are 7.2.19 and earlier, 7.3.8 and earlier and 7.4.5 and earlier. Difficult to exploit vulnerability allows unauthenticated attacker with network access via multiple protocols to compromise MySQL Cluster. Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in unauthorized ability to cause a partial denial of service (partial DOS) of MySQL Cluster. CVSS v3.0 Base Score 3.7 (Availability impacts).


Did you have family who fought at Midway? Tell us about them! Or learn more about the battle on Fold3.
Yes, my first cousin Jack Caddel, was stationed on the Yorktown. He was off the ship flying when sunk. The three man crew flew to another ship to land.
The Doolittle raid had nothing to do with the battle of Midway. The Japanese started planning the operation early in 1942. Also the invasion of Attu and Kiska was a totally separate operation and not part of the Midway planning. See "The Battle of Midway" by Craig Symonds published in 2011.
I am sure there is much debate concerning the correlation of the Doolittle Raid and the Midway battle. In his book, "First Heroes", Craig Nelson, (2015), the Japanese did want to draw out the American carriers and had planned the attack for some time. However, the Raid forced them to try and "save face" in their homeland for allowing bombs to hit the Japanese homeland. Nelson goes into great detail how several Japanese operations, including Midway, were in retaliation for the Doolittle Raid.
My Graddaddy was on the USS Yorktown CV-5 in the Battle of Midway. I am so thankful I got to hear many of his war stories before he passed. We went to his shipmates reunion in Mobile in 2003 I think. Such a great experience meeting all those brave souls. They along with many from the WWII Generation truly put the ERA in America.
My cousin, Preston Mobley was on the USS Enterprise at the battle of Midway.' I also had 2 brothers in the Pacific 1 army Jessie A. Kilgore , wounded in the invasion of the Philippines and again on Okinawa. William E. Kilgore USN served on the USS BULL DE 639 (I believe) In the battle of the Philippine Sea where it fought alongside the USS JOHNSON and other Destroyers against overwhelming Japanese odds. He was severely wounded. I also had 3 brothers in Korea . 2 Army , Kenneth W. Kilgore and John L. Kilgore. James R. Kilgore USN on the USS Hornet CVA 12. My other brother, Marion J. and I served in the Army.
My husband Lyle Albaugh served on the USS Hornet CVA-12 during the Korean conflict. We had the opportunity to visit the Hornet in San Diego as a museum.
My father, Joseph Trapasoo was a photographer and naval officer who fought in the Philippines (PHOM3). He took a lot of great pictures, some sad and others amazing. I still have the pictures of the memories back then. Tragedy to see how many men lost their lives and what they went through.
My uncle was on the Hornet & if you have pics of the men can you share some with me to see if he is in any of them?
My grandparents were friends with a military family who had two sons in the Army and two in the Navy. The oldest son was on the destroyer Hammann DD-318, I think, as it was accompanying the severely damaged Yorktown after the Battle of Midway. A Japanese sub torpedoed the Hammann and the Yorktown. The Hammann broke in half and sank in 10 minutes, killing over 80 men, some of whom died when the depth charges went off as they sank. The oldest son lost his life. The younger son was on the Yorktown when this happened and witnessed the disaster and loss of his brother.
My Dad, James A. Baker served on the Enterprise and he was proud of his ship from 1940-1945. He saw many battles, but only spoke of one when he with 20 other shipmates were together when a bomb came through the compartment , lights went off, when there was light again.. He discovered that all were killed, he only lost his hearing in one ear. Some miracle. He passed away in 1974.


Help the ToolBank continue their mission of providing charitable organizations with the tools and special event items they need by attending Hammers & Ales!
Back again and better than ever!
Join certified Cicerone Kit Burkholder of Kit's Trackside Crafts for a 30-minute educational beer flight tasting. Participants will have the opportunity to use a beer ticket for a glass of one of the flight beers. This tasting is generously sponsored by Kit's Trackside Crafts. Select your tasting time and purchase your $15 ticket with your event ticket.
Want free tickets to Hammers & Ales? Become an event sponsor today!


text:
Willis Tower – Taking a Look at the Sears Tower in Chicago
The Sears Tower in Chicago, now called the Willis Tower, was the highest skyscraper on the planet for over 25 years after it was completed. The Willis Tower's architecture features a bronze-tinted glass facade and has become synonymous with Chicago, a city obsessed with architectural design. In this article, we will share the most interesting Sears Towers facts, as well as provide answers to the most commonly asked questions, such as "Where is the Willis Tower, when was the Sears Tower built, and who owns Willis Tower?" Whether you are interested in learning more about the Willis Tower's construction, the Willis Tower's height, or the Willis Tower Skydeck, then look no further!
1 The Sears Tower in Chicago
1.1 The Willis Tower's Construction
1.2 Reception After Opening
1.3 Climbers of the Willis Tower
1.4 Naming Rights
2 The Willis Tower's Architecture
2.1 The Willis Tower Skydeck
3 The Willis Tower in the Modern Era
4 Sears Tower Facts
5.1 Where Is the Willis Tower?
5.2 When Was the Sears Tower Built?
5.3 Who Owns Willis Tower?
5.4 What Is the Willis Tower Skydeck?
5.5 What Is Inside the Willis Tower?
The Sears Tower in Chicago
Architect Skidmore, Owings and Merrill (est. 1936)
Date Completed 1973
Function Office, communications
Location Chicago, USA
The Willis Tower, which soars over the windswept metropolis of Chicago, was once the highest skyscraper in the world when it was completed in 1973. Skidmore, Owings & Merrill was commissioned by Sears to create an office tower that would accommodate its headquarters as well as the various offices they had distributed around Chicago in one structure. Additional office space was also required in the plan to accommodate the company's expected growth.
The Willis Tower's height is recorded as being just over 1,400 feet high and comprises 108 levels in total.
The Willis Tower (previously Sears Tower) in Chicago, Illinois; Carol M. Highsmith, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons
The Willis Tower's Construction
With over 350,000 workers, Sears was considered the world's biggest retailer in 1969. Sears management wanted to concentrate the thousands of personnel spread over the Chicago metro into a single location. Sears ordered its advisors to submit a recommendation for a location. After consulting with municipal, state, and federal authorities, the company presented Sears with two potential choices: a two-block region bordered by Jackson Boulevard, Franklin Street, Wacker Drive, and Adams Street, or the Goose Island area. In the end, they chose the former.
The architects designed a superstructure made up of nine interconnected tubes of varied heights separated into squares that function as distinct structures connected together as one. The varied heights allow the structure to step back, fulfilling setback restrictions and generating the building's famous staggering appearance. Engineer Fazlur R. Khan invented the "bundled-tube" design, and these nine tubes created the skyscraper's core framework.
As the building rose in elevation, this approach ensured big open offices on the lower floors with unimpeded city views.
The Sears Tower in Chicago was the first building to utilize this novel design. It was considered to be both technically and financially efficient: at 1,400 feet, it offered more office space and was elevated higher than the Empire State Building, all while costing significantly less. The method would have a significant impact on skyscraper design and it has since been employed in the majority of skyscrapers, such as the current highest skyscraper, the Burj Khalifa. In addition, the construction method saved up to 10 million dollars in steel expenses.
The framework was wrapped in aluminum, while the remainder of the structure was encased with bronze-tinted panels, allowing the tower to get enough natural sunlight and panoramas from every outside wall.
Antennas for local television and radio transmissions cap the tower at its highest point. As Sears anticipated future expansion and hence additional staff, they opted to concentrate their first occupancy on housing its merchandising group, leasing out the vacant space to other businesses until more space was required.
Construction of the Sears Tower (now Willis Tower) in Chicago, Illinois; Steveboerger, derivative work Lämpel, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons
To be appealing to potential renters, the floor sections had to be constructed with a smaller layout and higher window-space-to-floor-space ratios. The architects designed a structure with vast floors in the bottom portion of the structure and increasingly tapered floors in a sequence of setbacks to give the Willis Tower its characteristic appearance. As Sears proceeded to provide optimistic expansion estimates, the tower's intended floor count swiftly grew into the hundreds, exceeding the elevation of the World Trade Center. It was capped with two radio and television broadcast antennae.
The design was authorized by the City of Chicago, and the Willis Tower's construction commenced in April 1971, with the project finishing in May 1973.
Law Suits Filed During Construction
As the Willis Tower's construction approached the 50th story, motions for intervention were lodged to prevent it from reaching 67 stories. Above that limit, the lawsuit claimed, television signal could decrease, causing real estate values to drop. The court dismissed the claim, stating that there was nothing in the law that guaranteed television audiences the right to uninterrupted coverage and that they would have to find alternative ways to ensure clear broadcasts, such as larger antennae.
Antennae of the Willis Tower (previously Sears Tower) in Chicago, Illinois; erikccooper, CC BY 2.0, via Wikimedia Commons
Reception After Opening
Sears' rosy growth expectations did not come true. Beyond its traditional opponents, growing retail behemoths such as Kohl's, Kmart, and Walmart posed a threat. Because of an excess of office buildings that arose in the 1980s, the Willis Tower did not attract as many occupants as anticipated and so sat half-empty for more than 10 years.
Sears decided to make the bottom levels of the skyscraper more appealing to pedestrians in 1984.
Their solution included the installation of a new doorway. In the late 1980s, Sears considered trying to sell the tower, but a decade later, with no evident bidder in sight, the Sears company took out a mortgage loan on the skyscraper.
View of the Willis Tower (previously Sears Tower) in Chicago, Illinois; Tony Hisgett from Birmingham, UK, CC BY 2.0, via Wikimedia Commons
The FBI detained seven individuals in June 2006 and accused them of conspiring to attack the skyscraper. Their scheme, according to the Deputy FBI Director, was more idealistic than practical. The matter was heard in court in October 2007. Five of the accused were imprisoned and two were released after three trials. The suspected gang leader was convicted to 13 years in jail. In early 2009, the Willis Tower's biggest tenant walked out in reaction to the anticipated danger of an assault.
Since 2007, the proprietors had been considering building a hotel on the north side, near the entryway to the viewing platform. The second structure was contemplated but never executed, according to the Willis tower's architects. The concept was subsequently scrapped because local zoning prohibited the erection of such a tall structure in that area. The proprietors indicated in 2009 that they were contemplating painting the Willis Tower silver, a proposal that was eventually dropped.
Despite many changes of ownership, the structure was nevertheless known as the Sears Tower in Chicago for many years after Sears' name licenses ended in 2003.
Sears Tower entrance sign; Glorius Gaduang from Houston, US, CC BY-SA 2.0, via Wikimedia Commons
Climbers of the Willis Tower
Dan Goodwin, wearing a handmade Spider-Man outfit and employing camming systems, suction cups, and sky hooks, accomplished the first complete external climb of the tower on the 25th of May, 1981, despite multiple efforts by the Fire Department to intercept him. After a seven-hour trek, he was eventually detained at the summit and cited with trespassing. Goodwin's ascent wasn't just for fun; he had observed the MGM Grand Hotel inferno, which claimed 85 people, approximately six months before.
The bulk of the fatalities was caused by oxygen deprivation and smoke inhalation on the top levels, where visitors were unable to evacuate to safety.
The fire highlighted the fact that, regardless of the efforts of firemen, the highest floors of structures of this size could not be accessed in a crisis. He was committed to demonstrating this issue at any risk to his own life until reforms were implemented. Alain Robert, a French climber, ascended the structure's external wall all the way to the summit in August 1999, by just using his bare feet and hands. A heavy fog had crept in towards the top of his ascent, making the remaining 20 floors of the tower's steel and glass front slick.
The Sears company sold the skyscraper in 1994 but kept the name rights until 2003. Willis Group, an insurance brokerage firm, rented more than 13,000 m2 of premises in 2009. According to a Willis representative, the title rights were gained at no expense to the company as part of the discussions, and the skyscraper was rebranded as the Willis Tower on the 16th of July, 2009.
Some suggested that the rebranding was foolish in a metropolis with a strong sense of heritage and a robust ego.
This was made obvious over time as numerous Chicagoans voiced reluctance to embrace the new name by still referring to it as the Sears Tower in Chicago. Even Time magazine referred to the title change as one of the worst corporate rebrandings of all time, citing unfavorable media attention by local newspapers and online protests from outraged citizens.
The Willis Tower's Architecture
The Willis Tower is made up of a steel structured framework that was pre-assembled in pieces and then welded together on the construction site. The lightweight construction shell – a bronze-tinted and black aluminum brightness-reducing glass external cladding – acts as an insulating barrier between the internal and external structure, thereby keeping the temperature reasonably consistent and reducing frame contraction and expansion.
The structure was the first to employ bundled tube design.
The tower is made up of nine linked tubes that sit on fortified concrete pilings that run all the way down to bedrock. A concrete matting holds the caissons together. The tower's unique setback architecture was designed based on the company's office space requirements.
A close-up of the Willis Tower (previously Sears Tower) in Chicago, Illinois; Potro, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons
The designers were tasked with creating a structure that included not just very big office levels, which were essential for the operational business, but also a range of smaller levels for clients that wanted less floor space.
Even now, the structure remains stunning.
Except for the grooves of its façade that surround the structural tubes, its great scale makes it difficult to take in the complete stepped design in a single glance. The structure appears to have weathered well over time, presenting itself as an exquisite corporate structure devoid of any formality or materialistic brashness. The lobby entrance to the Willis Tower skydeck has most likely been renovated for security concerns in recent years, and it appears to have lost the splendor of the world's tallest skyscraper at the time.
View of the Willis Tower (previously Sears Tower) in Chicago, Illinois; Sea Cow, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons
The Willis Tower Skydeck
The Willis Tower skydeck is the viewing platform on the structure's 103rd level. Annually, over 1.7 million people visit the Willis Tower skydeck. On a clear good day, one can see for more than 50 miles in all directions. The skyscraper's elevators are ranked among the fastest in the world. The Wills Tower skydeck debuted The Ledge, four boxes made from glass that stretches beyond the Willis Tower in 2009.
It is definitely an unbelievable experience, with transparent glass on all sides, offering an uninterrupted, yet scary, view of Chicago.
View from the Willis Tower (previously Sears Tower) skydeck; Tim Trad timtrad, CC0, via Wikimedia Commons
It is the tallest viewing platform in the US and one of the most well-known tourist destinations in Chicago. In fine weather, visitors may view far over Lake Michigan to Wisconsin and feel how the structure sways at that altitude.
The Willis Tower in the Modern Era
Three major alterations have occurred in the half-century since the construction of Willis Tower. For starters, the Loop has become a popular tourist and residential attraction, not only for employees. Second, working habits have evolved. Employees can move from their workplaces to public locations thanks to laptops and smartphones. Now, towering office buildings are no longer one-use monoliths designed to produce just workplace-rental money.
Mixed-use plans with shops, eateries, and other facilities are now the standard, and older skyscrapers must change to survive in a competitive real estate market.
EQ Office, a Blackstone-owned real estate firm, purchased the building in 2015 and commissioned Gensler to breathe new life into the Willis Tower and integrate it into the urban environment. The result is a 460,000-square-foot glass-clad foundation with two new occupant lobbies and a collection of eateries and other facilities centered around a skylit atrium. To accomplish this extensive project, the architects rebuilt three floors below level and erected three additional levels, capped by a massive roof garden that is open to the public.
Developing a new base that addresses a landmark's flaws while conserving its virtues demanded respect and prudence. The resultant plan incorporates materials and shapes that are respectful of the original structure. The architects kept the massing subtle and constructed a facade pattern in aluminum, black steel, and glazed terracotta that mirrors Willis' structural pattern on a smaller scale. They chose clear glass over dark glazing to provide the transparency required for an inviting appearance on the street, where elaborately designed doorways and shops welcome customers into the space.
Masterful structural layering has converted the west entrance into a series of massive yet attractive public rooms.
Western entrance to the Willis Tower (previously Sears Tower) in Chicago, Illinois; Ken Lund from Reno, Nevada, USA, CC BY-SA 2.0, via Wikimedia Commons
A terracotta entrance leads to a skylit foyer, where broad steps ascend between the structure's large columns to a lobby of regal grandeur, featuring a massive paper artwork and bordered by a reception desk and an exquisite social lounge. A series of lounging spaces encircle the elevators on the first level, linking with another lobby, accessible from the east entrance. In juxtaposition to the ubiquitous black architectural grid, a delicate neutral palette is influenced by the former travertine-clad walls, which have been refurbished to a creamy shine.
All of this architectural magnificence has the potential to transform the everyday chore of getting to and from work into a pleasant experience.
Both the skyscraper and its new base offer facilities that draw people to it for both work and pleasure. Tenants will have access to lounges, a gym, bars, and cafés across four levels, as well as 10 eateries and 74,000 square feet of conference and event space facing the atrium across three levels. The roof garden, with curving walkways encircling native trees and plants, provides the option of relaxing and working outside when Chicago's weather allows it.
Is the tower's potency diminished by the new user-friendly base? A little, but that's not a terrible thing for its formerly overbearing architecture.
And the transformation is becoming popular and the market reaction has been phenomenal. Since the refurbishment began, the tower has witnessed approximately three million square feet of increased lease activity. Blackstone's effort is paying off for its investors as well as the beauty of Chicago's cityscape, demonstrating that excellent architecture is also great business.
Entrance to the Willis Tower (previously Sears Tower) in Chicago, Illinois; Potro, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons
Sears Tower Facts
The Sears Tower in Chicago once held the honor of the world's tallest building. Amazingly, it held that honor for more than a quarter century. Today there are two taller skyscrapers in America and many more across the planet. Here are a few Sears Towers facts for you to enjoy.
Over 100 companies are situated in Willis Tower, comprising insurance, legal, transportation, and financial firms are situated in Willis tower.
Every day, around 16,000 individuals work in Willis Tower, not including the thousands of tourists who visit the structure and customers who try out the Willis Tower skydeck.
To accentuate the property's status, a selection of the top materials such as stainless steel, travertine, granite, and other ornamental elements were incorporated throughout the tower's public areas.
View of the Willis Tower (previously Sears Tower) in Chicago, Illinois; Mobilus In Mobili, CC BY 2.0, via Wikimedia Commons
The current redevelopment's objective was to establish an all-year-round inner-city hotspot that draws together the local neighborhood and establishes a genuine community in the center of downtown Chicago.
The new facade of the tower is intended to be warm, welcoming, and accessible, enhancing the streetscape to foster a feeling of community and submerge workers and tourists in the real and authentic Chicago.
To assist Sears employees, the tower's site was intentionally chosen for its closeness to expressways and commuter rail connections. However, the tower's placement ended up being beneficial to the city as well. The busy office building brought a feeling of renewal to the formerly dormant West Loop area. This illustrates why so many local residents still identify the building as the Sears Tower, despite the fact that it has been Willis Tower now for many years. We hope you have enjoyed this look at Sears Tower's facts and history.
Where Is the Willis Tower?
The Willis Tower can be found in heart of the City of Chicago. It is loved by many of the locals as one of its own. It is probably due to that fact, that so many residents of the area still fondly call the skyscraper the Sears Tower.
When Was the Sears Tower Built?
The Willis Tower's construction commenced in April 1971, and construction ended in May 1973. It was originally constructed to act as the headquarters for the Sears company. It was also intended to house all the various departments which had previously been located all around the Chicago area.
Who Owns Willis Tower?
Originally it belonged to the Sears company, which in 1969 was the biggest retail company in the USA. The Sears company sold the building in 1994, and in 2009, Willis Group took possession of the naming rights. EQ Office, a Blackstone-owned real estate firm, purchased the building in 2015.
What Is the Willis Tower Skydeck?
The Willis Tower skydeck is an observation platform on the 103rd floor of the building. Approximately 1.6 million tourists visit the Willis Tower skydeck each year. On a cloudless day, you can see for almost 50 miles in every direction. The elevators of the building are among the quickest in the world. In 2009, the Willis Tower skydeck inaugurated The Ledge, four glass boxes that extend beyond the Willis Tower. It is an incredible experience, with translucent glass on all sides providing an uninterrupted view of Chicago. It is the tallest observation platform in the United States and one of Chicago's most popular tourist attractions.
What Is Inside the Willis Tower?
Both the tower and its new base provide amenities that attract people for both business and pleasure. Clients have access to four floors of lounges, a gym, bars, and cafés, as well as ten restaurants and 74,000 square feet of meeting and event space overlooking the atrium. When the weather permits, the roof garden, with curving paths enclosing local trees and plants, offers the option of unwinding and working outside. The tower has experienced a few major changes over the years, but all serve to bring this majestic building into the modern age with style and grace, combining the best of the old traditions with modern sensibilities.


Published: March 12, 2016 at 04:22 p.m.
Updated: March 12, 2016 at 07:06 p.m.
Representatives from all 32 NFL teams -- including Buffalo Bills coach Rex Ryan, Cincinnati Bengals coach Marvin Lewis, Indianapolis coach Chuck Pagano, and Pittsburgh Steelers coach Mike Tomlin and general manager Kevin Colbert -- were present for Clemson's pro day on Thursday.
Cornerback Mackensie Alexander -- 5-foot-10 1/4, 189 pounds -- ran the 40-yard dash in 4.47 and 4.51 seconds. He had a 37 1/2-inch vertical jump and 10-foot-1 broad jump. He did the 20-yard short shuttle in 4.21 seconds and the three-cone drill in 7.18 seconds. Alexander displayed a lot of quickness in his positional workout, and he should be a very strong corner in the NFL.
Defensive end Kevin Dodd -- 6-5, 271 -- had a 30 1/2-inch vertical jump and 9-foot-2 broad jump. He did the short shuttle in 4.44 seconds and the three-cone drill in 7.32 seconds. He also performed 22 reps of 225 pounds on the bench press. Dodd has long, 34-inch arms, and also worked out at outside linebacker at the pro day. However, I think his best position in the NFL will be at defensive end rather than linebacker.
Safety T.J. Green -- 6-2 3/4, 215 -- had a 4.41-second short-shuttle time and 7.10-second three-cone time. Green is a former wide receiver who made the switch to safety two years ago.
Safety Jayron Kearse -- 6-4 1/2, 210 -- ran a 4.6-second short shuttle and then stood on the rest of his numbers from the NFL Scouting Combine. He worked out good in the positional drills, and showed good ball skills.
Defensive end Shaq Lawson -- 6-2 3/4, 273 -- stood on his numbers from the combine, which were impressive. Lawson had a good pro day workout. Like Dodd, Lawson also worked out at outside linebacker, but his position in the NFL will be at defensive end.
Wide receiver Charone Peake -- 6-2 5/8, 206 -- ran the 40 in 4.38 and 4.37 seconds. Peake, who has 8 1/2-inch hands and 34 7/8-inch arms, had a couple of drops in the positional workout. Other than that, he looked good at the wide receiver position.
Running back Zac Brooks -- 5-11 7/8, 199 -- ran the 40 in 4.45 and 4.52 seconds. He had a 36-inch vertical jump and a 10-foot-9 broad jump. He did the short shuttle in 4.38 seconds and the three-cone drill in 7.09 seconds. He put the bar up 18 times on the bench press. Brooks could be selected in the seventh round of the NFL draft, or be a priority free-agent pickup for a team after the draft.
The workout was held indoors and run on FieldTurf. Clemson coach Dabo Swinney and his staff do a great job with the program, and the pro day was extremely well-organized.


text:
Group sues to remove Alameda County supervisor…
Group sues to remove Alameda County supervisor from seat
Taxpayers association says board violated open meetings law by rushing to appoint Wilma Chan's replacement
By Annie Sciacca | Bay Area News Group
PUBLISHED: March 4, 2022 at 2:46 p.m. | UPDATED: March 6, 2022 at 6:38 a.m.
The Alameda County Taxpayers' Association is trying to build a legal case for removing Dave Brown from the Board of Supervisors, saying he was hurriedly appointed to the seat in violation of a state open meetings law.
On Nov. 16, the Board of Supervisors voted 3-1 to appoint Brown to replace Wilma Chan, who was killed two weeks earlier when hit by a car while walking her dog in Alameda.
Brown, who was Chan's chief of staff since 2016 and worked in her office for years before that as a policy adviser, was appointed to serve the remainder of his former boss' term this year. Member of Chan's family and others urged the board to appoint Brown, who promised to preserve the late supervisor's legacy.
The appointment was somewhat controversial because the supervisors didn't consider anyone else and Brown wasn't a resident of Chan's district until just a few days before the supervisors tapped him for the seat.
Brown said he wouldn't run for Chan's seat in the June primary, although he wouldn't have been eligible anyway because Alameda County requires candidates to live in the districts they want to represent for at least a year.
Supervisor Nate Miley dissented at the time, saying he wanted to wait another week to allow more public input. Although he voted to appoint Brown, board Chairman Keith Carson acknowledged he had heard from some people that they were concerned the "public process" for appointing a replacement wasn't thorough.
That concern about the lack of a public process is the thrust of the taxpayer group's lawsuit, which was filed in court in January but has not been served to the county, according to Jason Bezis, an attorney who filed it on behalf of county resident Marcus Crawley.
The lawsuit accuses the Board of Supervisors of violating the state's open meetings law, known as the Brown Act. According to the suit, while the agenda for the Nov. 16 meeting included an item calling for creation of a process to fill Chan's District 3 seat, the supervisors skipped that process and instead voted to appoint Brown that day without publicly vetting a pool of potential applicants or candidates.
"Anyone reading (the Nov. 16) regular meeting agenda would have had no idea that the Board would not accept applications to fill the vacancy and that it would not conduct any public interview of candidates," the lawsuit states. "Anyone reading the agenda would have had no idea that the Board would appoint David K. Brown of Walnut Creek, a legally unqualified candidate."
None of the supervisors, nor the county's legal counsel, Donna Ziegler, responded to requests for comment.
In an emailed response to a request for comment, Brown said that as Chan's chief of staff, "I worked diligently to implement her programs and initiatives. It is also why I worked to honor her wishes for completing her term on the Board and to ensure her initiatives will continue. As a longtime staffer and friend to the Supervisor, my appointment is what Supervisor Chan wanted, what her family wanted, and ultimately what the Board of Supervisors decided upon."
According to text messages included in the lawsuit as exhibits, Brown urged some supervisors to vote for his appointment on Nov. 16.
"I need you to make the motion no matter what today," he texted to Supervisor Richard Valle the morning before the supervisors' meeting, according to screenshots included in the lawsuit file. "Waiting a week might doom our chances. We are very close. Wilma would have gone for it in this type of situation."
"Wear a tie," Valle texted back.
During the meeting, Brown texted Supervisor David Haubert to "take the vote and agendize if it fails."
"Yes," Haubert texted back, before explaining it didn't seem like the board had the votes.
Ultimately, the votes were there and the board approved Brown's appointment.
In addition to the transparency issue, Bezis said in an email that the taxpayers' group also hopes to file another suit to remove Brown on the basis of not being qualified for the seat because of his previous residency. Brown was a registered Contra Costa County voter until just days before his appointment, which Brown and the other supervisors acknowledged and discussed publicly during the meeting.
To legally challenge whether someone has the right to hold public office, however, a "quo-warranto" lawsuit first must be approved to proceed by the state Attorney General's office. Bezis said because Attorney General Rob Bonta supported Brown's appointment, he's concerned about getting a fair shake if he files the lawsuit and wants Bonta to recuse himself. Bonta, his wife Assemblymember Mia Bonta and other elected officials had signed a letter urging the board to appoint Brown.
Representatives in Bonta's press office declined to comment on the specifics of the Brown situation Thursday. But in the letter to the Board of Supervisors he signed with his wife and others, Bonta says Brown qualifies for the seat and asks that he be considered along with other candidates.
"In the wake of this tragic loss, we urge you to trust in her stated succession plan, which is why we strongly recommend that Dave Brown, her long time Chief of Staff, serve the remainder of Supervisor Chan's term," the letter said. "This is consistent with what she knew to be best for District 3 should this unfortunate eventuality come to be, and our understanding upon legal review is that this is allowable for this caretaker capacity and that Mr. Brown is also ineligible to run for the open seat next year. We know you will give all candidates their due consideration with a fair and transparent process."
Some George Santos donors say they didn't give him money
Santos admits to drag photo, denies he was a 'drag queen'
Rep. Santos denies claim that he performed as drag queen
Why didn't Oakland's ranked choice ballot follow city charter?
So far three people have entered the race for the June primary — Oakland Councilmember Rebecca Kaplan, former Alameda Councilmember Lena Tam, and David Kakishiba, a former Oakland Unified School District board director who is the executive director of East Bay Asian Youth Center.
It's not the first time Brown has faced scrutiny for his living situation as an elected official. He split his time between a Walnut Creek condo he owned with his wife while maintaining an El Sobrante address at his parents' home when he served on the West Contra Costa Unified School District board. The district launched an investigation in 2007 but found he was meeting the residency requirements for holding office.
Annie Sciacca | Reporter
Annie Sciacca covers local government in Oakland and the East Bay. She joined Bay Area News Group in 2016 and has covered business, politics, education and breaking news across California, including many of the state's largest and most destructive wildfires.


The memory of a good book can stay with you for a lifetime. I've always rated a book based on its ability to absorb me into the story and make me feel part of it. There were numerous books that did that for me as a child. Roald Dahl's books such as Danny the Champion of the World, The Witches and George's Marvelous Medicine were all books that did this and books I still love today.
What is so wonderful is that books that I enjoyed as a child can evoke the same feelings in my children. The Witches is a firm favourite in our house, as are many more of the Roald Dahl books. The Harry Potter books are also very popular in our house and anything by Julia Donaldson we love as well.
Stuart Morris have created this charming info graphic which recommends some top reads across a range of ages. Take a look below, how many of these have you read with your children? Are all of these titles on your children's bookshelf?
It would be very easy, in this digital age to do away with books altogether but that would be such a crime. There is nothing quite like sitting in a cosy corner with your child reading a story and watching their faces as the story unfolds.
All our children have a bookcase each, beautiful bookcases their grandfather has made for them and they are over-flowing with books – I intend to keep it that way and I hope their love of reading will grow and grow.
What is your approach to reading with your children? What is on their bookshelf?
Oh, totally agree with those titles! Our bookshelves are heaving and I think it would be a very sad day if digital completely took over from real books. I think we have most if not all of those books!
So good to hear and so glad you agree 🙂 Thanks for stopping by and enjoy your bookshelf !


text:
package org.apache.ignite.internal.processors.query.calcite.rules;

import java.util.List;
import org.apache.ignite.cache.query.FieldsQueryCursor;
import org.apache.ignite.internal.IgniteEx;
import org.apache.ignite.internal.processors.query.QueryEngine;
import org.apache.ignite.internal.processors.query.calcite.QueryChecker;
import org.apache.ignite.internal.processors.query.calcite.util.Commons;
import org.apache.ignite.testframework.junits.common.GridCommonAbstractTest;
import org.junit.Test;
import static org.apache.ignite.internal.processors.query.calcite.QueryChecker.containsSubPlan;
import static org.apache.ignite.internal.processors.query.calcite.QueryChecker.containsTableScan;

/** Tests correctness applying of JOIN_COMMUTE* rules. */
public class JoinCommuteRulesTest extends GridCommonAbstractTest {
    /** */
    private static QueryEngine qryEngine;

    /** {@inheritDoc} */
    @Override protected void beforeTestsStarted() throws Exception {
        startGridsMultiThreaded(2);

        IgniteEx client = startClientGrid();

        qryEngine = Commons.lookupComponent(client.context(), QueryEngine.class);

        qryEngine.query(null, "PUBLIC", "CREATE TABLE HUGE(id int)");
        qryEngine.query(null, "PUBLIC", "CREATE TABLE SMALL(id int)");

        for (int i = 0; i < 100; ++i) {
            List<FieldsQueryCursor<List<?>>> req = qryEngine.query(null, "PUBLIC",
                "INSERT INTO HUGE VALUES(" + i + ")");
            req.get(0).getAll();
        }

        for (int i = 0; i < 10; ++i) {
            List<FieldsQueryCursor<List<?>>> req = qryEngine.query(null, "PUBLIC",
                "INSERT INTO SMALL VALUES(" + i + ")");
            req.get(0).getAll();
        }
    }

    /** */
    @Test
    public void testCommuteOuter() {
        String sql = "SELECT /*+ DISABLE_RULE('CorrelatedNestedLoopJoin', 'MergeJoinConverter') */ " +
            "COUNT(*) FROM SMALL s RIGHT JOIN HUGE h on h.id = s.id";

        checkQuery(sql)
            .matches(containsTableScan("PUBLIC", "HUGE"))
            .matches(containsTableScan("PUBLIC", "SMALL"))
            .matches(containsSubPlan("IgniteNestedLoopJoin(condition=[=($0, $1)], joinType=[left]"))
            .check();

        sql = "SELECT /*+ DISABLE_RULE('CorrelatedNestedLoopJoin', 'MergeJoinConverter', 'JoinCommuteRule') */ " +
            "COUNT(*) FROM SMALL s RIGHT JOIN HUGE h on h.id = s.id";

        checkQuery(sql)
            .matches(containsTableScan("PUBLIC", "HUGE"))
            .matches(containsTableScan("PUBLIC", "SMALL"))
            .matches(containsSubPlan("IgniteNestedLoopJoin(condition=[=($1, $0)], joinType=[right]"))
            .check();
    }

    /** */
    @Test
    public void testCommuteInner() {
        String sql = "SELECT /*+ DISABLE_RULE('CorrelatedNestedLoopJoin', 'MergeJoinConverter') */ " +
            "COUNT(*) FROM SMALL s JOIN HUGE h on h.id = s.id";

        checkQuery(sql)
            .matches(containsTableScan("PUBLIC", "HUGE"))
            .matches(containsTableScan("PUBLIC", "SMALL"))
            .matches(containsSubPlan("IgniteNestedLoopJoin(condition=[=($0, $1)], joinType=[inner]"))
            .check();

        sql = "SELECT /*+ DISABLE_RULE('CorrelatedNestedLoopJoin', 'MergeJoinConverter', 'JoinCommuteRule') */ " +
            "COUNT(*) FROM SMALL s JOIN HUGE h on h.id = s.id";

        checkQuery(sql)
            .matches(containsTableScan("PUBLIC", "HUGE"))
            .matches(containsTableScan("PUBLIC", "SMALL"))
            .matches(containsSubPlan("IgniteNestedLoopJoin(condition=[=($1, $0)], joinType=[inner]"))
            .check();
    }

    /** */
    private QueryChecker checkQuery(String qry) {
        return new QueryChecker(qry) {
            @Override protected QueryEngine getEngine() {
                return qryEngine;
            }
        };
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
About Our College
College Values
College Documentation
Careers and Pathways
Our School Zone
New Parent Information
Uniform and Uniform Donations
One-to-One Netbook Program
A Pathway For Every Pupil
Senior Secondary Certificate 2023
Victoria's Senior Secondary Education is changing.
From 2023, two new programs will be introduced to complement the Victorian Certificate of Education (VCE); the VCE Vocational Major and the Victorian Pathways Certificate.
The VCE Vocational Major is a two-year vocational and applied learning program that will replace Senior and Intermediate VCAL and offer a program that enables successful transitions into apprenticeships, traineeships, further education and training, or directly into employment.
The new Victorian Pathways Certificate (VPC) is a new inclusive and flexible certificate. It is not part of the Victorian Certificate of Education and is not a senior qualification. It offers an engaging curriculum and additional support for you to develop the work-related skills and capabilities you need to succeed.
The VPC is normally completed in Years 11 and 12, but it is flexible so it can be finished over a longer period than 2 years. The coursework is designed and delivered at a more accessible level than the VCE and VCE Vocational Major. You can study the VPC at your own pace and your teachers will assess your progress through a range of classroom learning activities. Selection to participate in the VPC is done on a case-by-case basis and students CANNOT choose the program, which has eligibility criteria as part of the enrolment process.
Students will now have more education choices, a higher-quality curriculum and better workplace experiences - preparing them for further study, training at TAFE or work.
Where to Now? 2023
Our Year 10 students have been given a copy of the booklet Where to Now? 2023, which is a guide to senior secondary school pathways in Victoria. This explains what they need to know about the final years of schooling and the options available.
The booklet can also be accessed online, via this button:
Below you will find some short informative videos which also explain the new options:
Pathway Options for 2023
Overview of the Victorian Certificate of Education (VCE)
The VCE Vocational Major
Overview of the Victorian Pathways Certificate (VPC)
Pakenham Secondary College students have many study options. The College packages its senior school curriculum around a series of programmes, rather than individual subjects. That way, students undertake a programme of study that is linked to their hopes and dreams. To find out more, please read the Senior School Handbook:
Senior School Handbook 2023
VCE Course Selection
VCE VM Course Selection
The College aims for its students to achieve at least one qualification after their secondary schooling.
The PSC Careers Centre is open every school day during recess and lunch for students to access staff and information.
Year 10 and 11 students receive one-to-one course counselling sessions with our career and pathways team.
For more career information, resources and links, check out our Careers website.
Pakenham Secondary College
1020 Princes Highway
Pakenham, Victoria, 3810
Melway reference: 317 B6
E pakenham.sc@education.vic.gov.au
T (03) 5945 1433
News and Media Contacts
College Newsletter
Pakenham Secondary College recognises the Boonwurrung and Wurundjeri tribes as the original inhabitants of the Cardinia region.
The College respects Aboriginal sacred sites, special places and objects, and fully supports the reconciliation process.
Stay up-to-date with the latest news
© 2022 Pakenham Secondary College


text:
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About the Song
"Lady" is a track from 24 Karat Gold — Songs from the Vault (2014), Stevie Nicks' eighth solo album.
"Lady" dates back to the early 1970s when she and guitarist Lindsey Buckingham were living in producer Keith Olsen's house. According to Stevie, it was the first song she had ever written on a piano. At the time, she and Lindsey were recording as the duo Buckingham Nicks, struggling to succeed as recording artists in Los Angeles. In the song, Stevie reveals her fears, restlessness, and uncertainty about this time in her life, pondering, "What is to become of me?"
"I think 'Lady' was written at the end of 1971 or beginning of 1972," Stevie recalls, "when Lindsey and I got our first piano. I think it was the first song I ever wrote on a piano."
Stevie Nicks - Lady (Official Music Video)
Come lately
I just keep on waitin'
I see nothin' out there
The sun keeps throwin' out
The light from the clouds
But there's no light in here
I know that things have gotta change
But how to change them isn't unclear
I'm tired of knockin' on doors
When there's nobody there
You know I'm tired of knockin' on doors
And the time keeps goin' on by
And I wonder what is to become of me
And I'm unsure
I can't see my way
And he says Lady you don't have to see
And he says Lady you don't need to see
Its light from the clouds
And the time keeps going on by
And see says Lady you don't need to see
And he says maybe you don't need to see
Oh, no…
(Stevie Nicks) © 2014 Welsh Witch Music (BMI). Administered by Songs of Kobalt Music Publishing (BMI)
24 Karat Gold: Songs from the Vault All the Beautiful Worlds Song of the Day
Sister Honey
About the SongBella Donna (1981)
How Still My Love
After the Glitter Fades
New Orleans Jazz & Heritage Festival
April 29 – May 1 & May 5 – 8
Bonnaroo Music & Arts Festival
Jazz Aspen Snowmass
Stolen Car (2021)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2idIR6nLRWs
Show Them the Way (2020)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-hsNZXe3r50
Edge of Midnight (2020)
https://youtu.be/7CoOLtQbmJI
Gypsy (24 Karat Gold Tour)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hfzd9ebRZpQ
Prove You Wrong (2019)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dYu0jmqeAVU
Beautiful People Beautiful Problems (2018)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vs_sURGuYys
Your Hand I Will Never Let It Go (2017)
https://stevienicks.info/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/THE-BOOK-OF-HENRY-Stevie-Nicks-–-Your-Hand-I-Will-Never-Let-It-Go-Lyric-Video.mp4
Southern Accents (2016)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yx9hUB7S2xs
The Dealer (2014)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BkMmlHNvlR8
Need You Now (2013)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H7NZ43dalzY
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We were all bummed when developer Sam Ruston pulled the fantastic Weather Timeline app from the Play Store last year. According to Ruston, the API costs made the app unfeasible to run in the long-term, which is understandable for an indie dev. Then, we saw a new developer had taken over the listing in late 2018. Now, ACME AtronOmatic has published its first update to the app. It's not going very well, though.
The new version (which is still rolling out slowly) is the first update to Weather Timeline in more than six months. The app may look the same, but you no longer have any choice in weather data providers. The company's own MyRadar API is baked into Weather Timeline, and people don't seem pleased. We've been getting tips from annoyed users, and there's a Reddit thread with various complaints.
Many question the accuracy of MyRadar's data, especially those outside the US. The hourly predictions might not even work in some areas (our tipster says they're broken in Germany). The MyRadar apps from ACME AtronOmatic have also been accused of selling user data to third-parties. If this first update is any indication, ACME AtronOmatic is going to wreck all of Weather Timeline's goodwill in record time.


On Wednesday, April 18, BBNaija housemate Cee-c rained insults on fellow contestant Tobi. The reason for her short tempter towards him is still unknown but necessary measures have been taken to put Cee-c in check.
Nigerian fuji singer, Wasiu Alabi Pasuma, has predicted that he would become the president of Nigeria. The singer, actor and father of one shared his presidential revelation on his Instagram page. Read on Legit.ng.
Pasuma Wonder recently shared a post on Instagram that has set tongues wagging. He announced his wish to become president of Nigeria in future. The Fuji star has already begun receiving messages of support from his well-wishers.
A married woman has accused a popular fuji singer's manager of verbal assault. The woman identified simply as Bossladybadii who shared her story on social media asked the manager to apologise to her. Read on NAIJ.
It seems mother luck will soon smile on that young blind singer who was recently spotted singing Fuji star Pasuma's songs on the streets of Ibadan. Pasuma has taken to social media to launch a search for the boy.
A young blind singer who was recently spotted on the streets. He was seen passionately singing the songs of popular fuji star Pasuma. Little is known about the singer other than the fact that he resides somewhere around Ibadan.


This gpu mining rig us brunch salad recipe uses a sweet potato that is diced.
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Ranch dressing is indisputably the most versatile of all dressings, working equally well as a marinade for chicken wings, an underrated cheeseburger condiment, and a.If you have a friend who keeps asking you for the best currency for GPU mining,.


text:
Q: Disable Nvidia OpenCL kernel watchdog on Ubuntu 14.04 By querying the device, I see
Run time limit on kernels:                     Yes
I want to disable this feature, what should I do ?
I am running with a Tesla on Ubuntu 14.04.

A: Check out these questions.

*

*This lists an Xorg config that might disable it in general.  See also this.

*This is for Beignet on Intel, but perhaps the NVidia driver has some equivalent enable_hangcheck.  I'd favor the previous bullet if it works.


text:
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Cristiano Ronaldo Speaks After Being Accused Of Raping American Woman.
Dreddsworld : Cristiano Ronaldo Speaks After Being Accused Of Raping American Woman
Cristiano Ronaldo has appeared to respond to rape accusations published in a German magazine. Lawyers for the former Manchester United star are to take legal action against Der Spiegel over "blatantly illegal" allegations by an American woman she was raped nine years ago by the star.
Kathryn Mayorga, 34, was unveiled on Friday as the woman who has accused Ronaldo of sexually assaulting her in a Las Vegas hotel room in 2009.
Ronaldo took part in an Instagram live earlier this week where he responded to fans' questions on a variety of topics.
It is unclear what exact question was asked before Ronaldo seemingly dismissed the allegations.
See also : Ronaldo's Girlfriend And Son Watches From VIP Box As He Scores Brace For Juventus – Pics
Looking into the camera, the Juventus star said: "No, no, no, no, no. What they said today? Fake, fake news.
"They want to promote [themselves by using] my name. It's normal. "They want to be famous to say my name, but it is part of the job. I am a happy man and all good."
The Juventus star was on holiday in Sin City in 2009 with his cousin and brother-in-law when he met the part-time model.
During the alleged incident, she claimed Ronaldo fell to his knees and said he was "99 per cent a good guy" who was let down by the "one per cent".
Later, Ronaldo allegedly paid her £287,000 as an out-of-court settlement which contracted her to never speak about her claims.
The footballer, 33, denies the allegations – which first surfaced on the Football Leaks website in April 2017. According to court documents Der Spiegel claims to have seen, Ronaldo insists the sex was consensual.
His lawyers, Schertz Bergmann Rechtsanwälte, issued a statement denying Mayorga's rape claim saying they would sue for "compensation for moral damages".
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