Question on Religion and Freemasonry - Expanded Edition. This short article is a collection of answers to the questions and/or objections raised by concerned Christians.
Article published in the U.S.World & News Report published August 28, 2005 under the by-line of Jay Tolson.
Megiddo - The Solomonic "Chariot City". Megiddo is located 30Km south east of Haifa, and is located at a strategic entrance through the eastern Carmel hills where an ancient trade road (Via Maris) links the North (and Assyria) and South (Egypt).
Megiddo - The Solomonic "Chariot City"
There has to-date been no evidence that there were French Freemasons in Louisbourg, but ample records exist of the activities of the members of the English and New England Lodges.
The City of the Sun, by Tommaso Campanella. A 16th Century Italian Monk describes his utopian view of a 'perfect society' which has some remarkable parallels with Freemasonry.
Provided by Phoenixmasonry, 'A Biblical History of King Solomon's Temple' provides an in depth and detailed look at King Solomon's Temple as it relates to Freemasonry. This 34 page article is a must read for the Masonic Historian.
What is a Mason? is written by Brother Charles H. Tupper. In this short 4 page article Tupper posses and tries to answer an important questions. The answer is not always clear because being a Freemason can mean many different things to different people, however, Tupper does a good job describing Freemasonry in a way I think we can all relate.
"[This paper] is the first of a new series of Study Club articles to cover, chapter by chapter, the more important periods and features of Masonic history. I have condensed and simplified to the limit of my ability but even so I know that beginners may find some passages difficult. This difficulty lies in the subject matter, which is stubborn and complicated to a degree, and therefore means that readers themselves must cooperate by a willingness to read and re-read, and to study. Surely the subject is worth it! Vibert's "Freemasonry Before the Existence of Grand Lodges," Vibert's "Story of the Craft," Newton's "The Builders," and Gould's "Concise History of Freemasonry" may be read in conjunction with these papers."
THE BUILDERS A STORY AND STUDY OF MASONRY BY JOSEPH FORT NEWTON, LITT. D.
Morals and Dogma, is a book of esoteric philosophy published by the supreme Council, Thirty Third Degree of Scottish Rite, Southern Jurisdiction of the United States. It was compiled by Albert Pike and was first published in 1872.
The story of "The Man Who Would Be King" has a plot which is based on the degrees of Symbolic Masonry. Its "moral" suggests that no man may use Freemasonry to advance his own personal, selfish ends. It tells the tale of two rogue British ex-soldiers who set off from 19th century British India in search of adventure, and end up as kings of Kafiristan.
King Solomon's Temple Historical Fact or Fiction?


Over a week after 18-year-old Michael Brown was shot and killed by a police officer (Aug. 9), another officer-involved shooting has taken place in St. Louis. A cop has shot and killed a man who allegedly tried to rob a convenience store and was carrying a knife, Fox2Now reports. The shooting took place just before 1pm on Tuesday (Aug. 19) at McLaran and Riverview outside of a market. The suspect reportedly refused to put down the weapon and tried to attack police before being shot and killed. The shooting didn't take place far from Ferguson, Missouri, where protests have been taking place over the course of several days.
UPDATE: Authorities identified the suspect in the fatal shooting as 25-year-old Kajieme Powell on Tuesday night (Aug. 19), Huffington Post reports. St. Louis Police Chief Sam Dotson told KSDK that Powell exited the store, carrying two energy drinks. The store owner reportedly asked him to stop but let him exit. Powell returned inside the store with a box of pastries and began to walk back outside, at which point the owner confronted him, asking him to pay for the items. The owner called the police after Powell reportedly threw the pastries into the street. Dotson says Powell walked toward police when they arrived on the scene, pulling out a knife. Officers in the patrol vehicle say that Powell yelled, "Shoot me now, kill me now." The officers asked him to drop the knife, to which he reportedly said that "he did not respond to verbal commands." According to Dotson, Powell walked toward the officer seated in the patrol car. When he moved between three and four feet from the vehicle, holding the knife, both officers fired their weapons, striking him. Police are looking to see if any surveillance video exists of the incident. Powell was pronounced dead at the scene. The shooting occurred about four miles from Ferguson.
Post by D'Jango TheRealest AmRag.


text:
package com.dengjian.soccermap.model;

import com.baidu.mapapi.model.LatLng;

/**
 * Created by dengjian697 on 17/3/10.
 */
public class RaceData {
    public String raceTitle;
    public String homeTeamName;
    public String homeTeamClickUrl;
    public LatLng homeTeamLoc;
    public String visitingTeamName;
    public String visitingTeamClickUrl;
    public LatLng visitingTeamLoc;
    public String raceTimeDesc; // 未开赛 / 已结束
    public String raceTime;
    public String raceScore;    // VS / 比分 1:0
    public String videoUrlTitle;// 视频直播/视频集锦
    public String videoUrl;     // 视频URL,可能为空字符串
    public String raceDayTime;
    public String raceTimeTitle;
    public String racePicLink;
    public boolean latestRace = false;
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


These Diffusion Plates are used with the Ring Lights of the PF-series.
Note: An adapter is needed for attachment to the Light Unit.
These Diffusion Plates are used with the LDR, LDR2, or SQR-56 Ring Lights.
Note: If you are using one of these Diffusion Plates with the LDR2-32, LDR2-42, LDR2-50, LDR2-90, or LDR2-120 Light Unit, you will need a separate Adapter for attachment.
These Diffusers are used with the LDR2-LA-series Low-angle Ring Lights.
These Diffusion Plates are used with the LDL2-series Bar Lights.
These Diffusion Plates are used with the LFV3 or LFV-PF-series Coaxial Lights.
Diffusion Plates for High Power Strobe Lights LDR-PF-LA Series.
Can prevent glare caused by surface reflection.
This the Diffusion Plate for the IS-mini.
An adapter is needed for attachment to the Light Unit.


T-shirts are an awesome way to get your brand out there from a marketing standpoint. One unique way to do this is through a live screen printing event. We teamed up with our good friends at Shirt Agency to learn more about how to host one. So keep reading this guest post where Cole will break down everything you need to know!
Want to know how to expand your business' reach and party at the same time? It's simple – start live screen printing! My company Shirt Agency waited almost three years before offering live screen printing services for events, and the effects on our growth have been phenomenal. I only wish we had started sooner. Live printing engages your audience and strikes conversations with potential customers in an open and friendly atmosphere. Everybody deep down wants to make their own T-shirt, and setting up a live printing station transforms a simple giveaway tee into a story the partygoers are happy to share with friends. Below is our step-by-step guide to setup and manage live screen printing at parties and concerts.
Beautiful blanks make you look good. Shirt Agency always prints on BELLA+CANVAS blanks when we head to events. The simple truth is that people like soft T-shirts with a stylish fit. Why go through the hassle of printing in front of an audience just to give them something that will end up never being worn? The 3001 Unisex Tee is a budget-friendly choice to give away, and you can be confident partygoers will wear it. Plus, the tight and smooth weave will make your printing look far better due to the decreased fiber fibrillation. Bring a wide selection of sizes to make sure everyone in attendance is satisfied. To keep costs down, I suggest limiting your offerings to a single style and color in most cases.
Before you arrive, confirm that your station will have at least one electrical outlet capable powering the conveyor dryer. I prefer to give my team at least one hour of prep time before the doors open to properly set up our work area. Once you arrive, unload your gear. This is normally a two-person job due to the weight of the equipment. Lay down a tarp or carpet to ensure you do not cause any damage to the floor. Setup your individual screens, registering them to film and then add ink to run a few test prints. I like to have about 40 T-shirts pre-printed, just in case the line for apparel becomes too long.
In my experience, the audience's demand for T-shirts will come in waves. I always have one printer on press the entire event as well as one to three people grabbing the attendees' correct sizes and putting each T-shirt into the print queue. Be prepared for a rush of people when the event first opens. People are most likely to talk to you at this time, because they are starting to get into the groove of the party but are not yet distracted by the band or friends. This is your opportunity to let them know how they can contact you in the future. I suggest you have a large stack of business cards at the ready. Also, if possible, set up signage with a hashtag or profile name, so that you are making the most of the event on social media. You may even want to run a promotion or additional giveaway to promote shares.
I hope this quick guide helps you start your own live screen printing empire. If you would like information on having Shirt Agency print at one of your events head on over to ShirtAgency.com/live to learn more about our services and receive a price estimate.


Looking to own your own aircraft within a decent budget ? The Australian designed two seat Aeropup is the plane for you ! Our company manufactures Aeropup kits & ready to fly and we have exclusive distribution rights in Romania, Bulgaria, Serbia, Hungary, Ukraine and Moldova and limited distribution rights in other territories.


Winter Wonders is a 5 reel 15 paylines slot game released in 2006 by Rival. It is one of the first games Rival has developed and it shows. The theme here is Christmas so you should definitely consider it during the holiday time or just if you're a big fan of Xmas.
The Wild in this game is the Santa Claus symbol which will substitute other symbol to create a winning combination. It is also the jackpot symbol and will be worth 5000x of your bet when you land 5 of him. Also, all wins with the Wild comes with a nice 2x multiplier.
There is just one scatter here and it is the Santa's Sled symbol. Landind 3 or more anywhere on the reels will reward you with 10 Free Spins. The multiplier for those wins is 3x with a chance to re-trigger the Free Spins when landing more scatters.
Let's start by saying that this is an ok game. The bonus features are ok, the RTP is ok at 95% but is it enough?… We think not… It is clear that this game was good a decade ago but now we wouldn't waste our time on it unless… It is Christmas and anything can happen in Christmas….
If you are a fan of the Brazilian Carnival then maybe you should consider playing Wild Carnival a 5 reel slot by Rival.


text:
Dave Chappelle Says He Has An "Exclusive Leak" From The New Black Star Album
Music - 2 years ago
Elijah C. Watson Elijah Watson serves as Okayplayer's News & Culture Editor. When…
Photo Credit: Vickey Ford for Okayplayer
And according to him, it's "fire."
Looks like Dave Chappelle has been bumping some music from Black Star's forthcoming new album.
In an interview with the Blast, the comedian shared what he's been listening to recently.
READ: From Surprise Reunions To A New Album: A Timeline Of Yasiin Bey And Talib Kweli's Black Star
"I got an exclusive leak from the new Mos Def, Talib Kweli joint," Chappelle said, before adding that the track is "fire."
Chappelle doesn't share any other details about the track but maybe it's one of the eight tracks the duo has already recorded alongside Madlib. The Bandana producer recently revealed that he and Black Star have recorded eight tracks together.
Yasiin Bey had first shared the news of a new Black Star album last year during a Madlib DJ set in Denver, Colorado.
"New Black Star with Madlib, Talib Kweli, Yasiin, coming soon!" Bey said. "All Madlib, all day. 2018, Madlib, Black Star. Madlib Black Star."
Following reports of a new album, Kweli said that the announcement was a surprise to him.
"I found out on the internet the same way y'all did. We've been talking about doing an album with Madlib for years. That's been an idea we've had for so long, but for him to make that announcement…I didn't know he was going to make the announcement," Kweli previously said. "…now we just gotta make it happen."
In related news, Chappelle and Chris Rock almost starred in an episode of Creepshow. Greg Nicotero, the series' showrunner, revealed that the two comedians came close to appearing on the show during a Creepshow panel at Comic-Con.
"There are two stories that we developed that we didn't shoot because we didn't have enough money," Nicotero said according to Entertainment Weekly. "One of them was going to be Dave Chappelle and Chris Rock."
Source: The Blast
Patton Oswalt Apologizes For Posting Photo With Longtime Friend Dave Chappelle
Culture - 2 weeks ago
2021 Was The Year Of The Anti-Intellectual
Danny Brown Says Dave Chappelle Interlude on 'Detroit 2' Was Inaccurate
Trevor Noah on Chappelle's 'The Closer' Controversy: "the Matter is … Complex"

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
VIVRE SA VIE - #512
An impressionistic review written in homage to the inspirational spirit of the source material. A criticism in six tableaus.
1. THE CHURCH OF CINEMA - ANNA KARINA MARTYRED
It's not that Jean-Luc Godard wants to remind us that we are watching a movie because he wants us to differentiate motion pictures from real life, it's that he wants to confuse the two. In his worldview, the two should be one.
And so his 1962 film, Vivre sa vie (My Life To Live) begins by seemingly falling apart. Only a couple of lines in and Nana, our savior, played with a convincing naturalistic ease by Anna Karina, seemingly flubs a line, repeats it, tries it a number of different ways. No, Godard has not included a blooper to throw us off, but rather, he has inserted a reality of cinema into the reality of his cinema. Nana is an actress, she is practicing a line. It's one of life's bloopers.
Nana's life takes two important turns in the movie, both precipitated by cinema. One happens early on when she goes to the movies to see Carl Th. Dreyer's The Passion of Joan of Arc, the 1928 silent film starring Falconetti, an icon of early French cinema. During the sequence, as Nana watches a scene from the movie with tears in her eyes, "Falconetti" is the only word uttered. There is no other sound, and her name is spoken reverentially, whispered by...who? Later in the movie, Nana will talk about her desire to live in silence, and the true value of words will be debated. Shortly after, she will be in a silent film herself. Literally. Though this time accompanied by music.
The second invocation of actual cinema comes after, when Nana and her pimp, Raoul (Saddy Rebbot), are supposed to go on a date to the movies and do not. Raoul is discussing business. Directly relating to that first movie, it's right after seeing Joan of Arc that Nana decides to become a prostitute to pay the bills, her dreams of being a film star failing; in the case of missing this later trip to the pictures, she meets the "young man" (Peter Kassowitz) as a result of the detour, and he arguably becomes the one person to have affection for her after her life dovetails. It's certainly when it becomes clear that at least Raoul doesn't care about her. He's the only man in the room who does not dote on Nana.
Raoul is merely a pawn, though, this is about Nana. It's by no coincidence that Anna Karina's character shares a name with the heroine of an Emile Zola novel and, perhaps more importantly, a silent film adaptation directed by Jean Renoir in 1926. The previous Nana was an actress who became a kept woman, and who then destroyed herself and the man who kept her. She is part of a sprawling fictional history invented by Zola, just as Godard's Nana is part of his own history and also the history of cinema. This is why her story is told as a series of religious tableaus, the 12 Stations of the Passion of Anna Karina. Vivre sa Vie begins with multiple angles of Karina's face shown under the opening credits. We view her in the same abstracted light as Dreyer showed us Falconetti. She is to be revered, admired, worshipped. And she will die for our entertainment.
2. IN HIS OWN WORDS
The summary Jean-Luc Godard wrote for the original release of the movie, reprinted in the Criterion booklet:
"A film on prostitution about a pretty Paris shopgirl who sells her body but keeps her soul while going through a series of adventures that allow her to experience all possible deep human emotions, and that were filmed by Jean-Luc Godard and portrayed by Anna Karina. Vivre sa vie."
Note the expanded credit the filmmaker gives himself: "Thought out, written, shot, edited, in sum, directed by Jean-Luc Godard."
3. KIDS WITH GUNS
The men in Vivre sa vie don't hang around, that's true. Even the ones Nana has a relationship with, including her ex Paul (Andre Labarthe), with whom Nana has a child, don't last. This is by Nana's choice more than theirs, however. She discards the date who bought her the ticket to see Joan of Arc, trading him for a skeevy photographer. He prefigures the pimp, Raoul, in that he has his own designs on what he will acquire from Nana--the photos he wants don't really seem to be for her, and we never even see them--and then he goes. Godard is drawing a direct parallel between a film actress and a prostitute, both give up something of themselves for the pleasure of others. He is fascinated by the connection moreso than he intends to make it a negative. The guilt is on us.
The very mythology of movies seems to be unfairly balanced. Why do boys get to be the gangsters and the girls unwitting pawns in their childish games? Godard himself famously boiled cinema down to girls and guns, and time and again he shows his overgrown adolescent heroes engaging in gunplay (see also: Breathless, Band of Outsiders, Pierrot le fou). In this mythology, girls are interchangeable, either the femme fatale or the kindly caregiver/romantic. Is it then a surprise that, by being neither, Nana will ultimately be punished? As someone who swaps men around, the ultimate disempowerment will come when Raoul swaps her--though, since he trades her for cash, arguably it's what he's been doing all along. To further push the idea of entertainment as a similar illicit transaction, consider how easily we now acquire, consume, and discard our films. I've owned Vivre sa vie on VHS and one DVD prior to this. How different, how transient, will the interaction with Nana be when she's available for download on demand?
4. ART AND BEAUTY ARE LIFE - THE SACRIFICE
There is, of course, the question of the male gaze in cinema. Raoul Coutard's camera is as in love with Nana as we are. The way he lingers on her face, often posing her against a white background (again: see Dreyer and Falconetti; also, compare the black of the theatre's darkness while Nana watches the film), it's as lurid as it is worshipful. Is it then a coincidence that the pimp and the cinematographer share a name? One can't deny that Godard is aware of the abstraction art makes of its female subjects. When Nana's admirer finally speaks, he reads from Poe's "The Oval Portrait," the story of a painter who becomes so obsessed with the portrait of his beloved that he is creating, it eclipses the obsession with the woman who originally inspired this passionate impulse. To the point that he doesn't realize that while bringing her to life on his canvas, she has died.
This reading is sandwiched within the two silent film sequences with the boy, and Godard makes the connection clear. The declaration that the woman is dead is a reminder of the last words we see on the screen in the clip from Dreyer. Joan of Arc is asked "And your deliverer?" to which she replies "La mort." Death.
Anyone who has seen enough Godard movies should instantly recognize his gravelly voice dubbed over the young man's. It's the director who is reciting Poe, not the actor. This directly inserts the artist in his art, confirming his awareness of his inherent role in the breakdown of his character and also dismissing another division between life and art. His opinion of himself and of men in general does not seem very high at this point: even those who might profess to love Nana use her to satisfy an aesthetic need. The boy is in love with being the one looking at her. Since Godard and Karina were married at this time, what is he doing by making her the fetish objects of his films?
There are several moments when the gaze is turned back on us in Vivre sa vie, but one is the most striking. In the café just before Nana meets Raoul, Anna Karina looks directly into the camera, and her eyes seem to be asking us, "Can you believe this? Is this enough?" Godard has tricked us, though, and he flips it again. Nana is actually looking at a young couple seated across from her. They appear to be in love, but they also look like they are in distress; it's ambiguous. Then Raoul's cohort plays an overly sentimental pop song on the jukebox. It's a song called "Ma môme" by Jean Ferrat. "My Kid." It's a mawkish ballad about the love for a child framed in romantic language.
Godard seems to be undercutting Nana's dreams here. She is giving up romantic love, giving up her role as a mother, giving up her dreams to be an actress, and choosing to be something else. Just before she does so, her friend Yvette (G. Schlumberger), another single mother who has turned to prostitution, reveals that the husband/father that abandoned her was last seen as an actor in an American movie. A man gets his dream, the woman is left holding the bag. Just after all this, there is a gunfight in the streets, so violent the very sound of the machine gun fire shakes the screen. Warning, Nana: Danger Ahead.
5. THE UNWITTING PHILOSOPHY
Make no mistake, Nana does make her choice, good or bad. This is at the root of how Godard can maintain that she has kept her soul. The other woman, Yvette, is willing to blame outside circumstances for her current occupation; Nana very clearly is not. She says straight out that she does what she does by her own power and it is thus her responsibility. It's the core of existential thought: you decide how you go on in this life, and when you do, live with it. "Escape is a pipe dream," Nana tells Yvette. "It just is."
"It just is." It's very simple, but if we are to see Nana/Anna Karina as a religious martyr, we need to understand that she represents determinism. "It just is." It's like DeNiro in The Deer Hunter: "This is this. This ain't something else. This is this. From now on, you're on your own."
Being on one's own is important to Nana. Let's think about how Godard frames the conversations she has with the men she is attached to. In the start, when she is with Paul, we never see their faces. Godard and Coutard shoot the pair from behind, and we see only a glimmer of Nana in the mirror on the other side of the bar. The camera moves back and forth between them, not dominated by either. In the next sitdown, when Nana meets the photographer, she asserts a little more control, and though the camera is once again behind them, the actors are turned to give us a side view.
Next, there are two conversations with Raoul. The first is in the café when he is playing Nana for a fool. Wanting to know if she is "a lady or a tramp," he decides to insult her. If she gets mad, she's a tramp; if she laughs it off, she's a lady. (Yeah, that's one sick mode of thinking.) He is seducing her (indeed, the whole scene, with the unknown couple and the Ferrat song, is a seduction), and he stays mostly out of frame, he let's her be the focus. When they meet again, with Nana sitting in front of a large photograph of Paris, as if she were somehow representing (encompassing?) the whole city, Raoul sits across from her, so that his back is to us and we can see her face. The camera still moves back and forth, though, but somehow it captures less and less of Nana. As Raoul takes her over, she is almost totally obscured from our view.
Unsurprisingly, Nana also becomes obscured from herself. At one point in the movie, she says, "I...is someone else." It's almost a non sequitur, a bit of a Freudian slip, but it's a true philosophical expression, and one that we can't help but recall in Vivre sa vie's most memorable scene. In the penultimate tableau, Nana meets an old man in a café. After inquiring about what he is reading, Nana joins him at his table and they have a discussion about the meaning of discourse and one's ability to express oneself. The man is played by the real-life French philosopher Brice Parain, and in this scene, he extends the theory that our ability to express ourselves is directly related to our ability to know ourselves. Language is only as faulty as our ability to think, since thought is inseparable from our vocabulary.
The conversation between Nana and Parain is the only time in the movie that someone takes Nana seriously as a person. The old man doesn't want to sleep with her, take photos of her, or earn money off her. He doesn't expect her to find the records he's after like the customers in the record store where she worked, nor does he pity her the way that the police officer who interrogated her pitied Nana. He simply wants to talk to her and share ideas, and in the process, Nana reveals herself as a deep thinker. She is a bright individual not just in the mental sense, but in her whole aura. Talking to Parain, she positively glows, as if she is coming alive. The only other time we have seen her this active is when she is rebelling against Raoul in the pool hall, when she meets the young man and dances around the room to a song of her choosing [video]. Of course, the irony is that this could be seen as what Raoul will punish her for. His given reason is that she refused a customer, but the subtext is that she dared think for herself.
Parain's validation actually gives Nana permission to think for herself, but also permission to make mistakes. He says that we must "pass through error to arrive at truth." More simply, we have to mess up in order to learn how to be better. As a deterministic force, Nana must remember that it's okay to acknowledge a misstep and correct it. She even seems to be trying to do so by accepting the affection of the young man and deciding to leave Raoul's "employ." This, however, is when the movie shifts into silent movie mode. She is now Falconetti, now Joan of Arc, and her crazy ideas of self-actualization threaten the male establishment.
6. FIN
In terms of style and form, Vivre se vie is one of the more exciting and lively Godard films from the 1960s, even as it is also one of the most melancholy. This is a sad movie, one that even questions the very possibility of happiness. It may be less playful than some of Godard's other films from the period, but he trades that for a tighter control. Vivre se vie strikes me as the film where the director was most in command of the production, where he knew each move and calculated how that move would affect the overall whole.
This seems necessary on his part if we are to accept Nana as a metaphor for cinema, and that the start and end of this movie is to be the star and end of a singular life. Indeed, the very last shot seems to show us the camera itself dying, as if wounded by the gunshots that just rang out. In the last seconds, the camera drops its gaze, as if it were gasping its last breath, before smashing to black and the last title card: FIN. It has a devastating effect, but one that is also exhilarating, akin to religious ecstasy. Martyrdom crystallizes the cause, makes way for reinvigoration and rebirth.
Nana gave herself for the sins of cinema, and Anna Karina and even Jean-Luc Godard have subsumed themselves to the force of the narrative on her behalf.
If there was ever a disc in your collection you needed to replace for a newer version, it's the 1999 Fox Lorber version of My Life to Live for the Criterion Vivre sa vie. Just popping the old disc on and scanning through it, I saw so much dirt and so many scratches, I almost thought I should check my cable connections to make sure there wasn't something wrong. Not that I needed to cast a glance backwards to see how marvelous the full screen transfer (1.33:1 aspect ratio) on the Criterion disc is. The beautifully rendered black-and-white image is so crisp, so clear, and so full of nuance and depth, I am not sure that people seeing Vivre sa vie at its premiere in 1962 saw it looking this good.
Also look at how the Criterion "picture boxing" allows for more image area than the straight full-screen transfer.
Fox Lorber
For a full rundown on the special features, read the full article at DVD Talk.
Godard's 1962 trailer for Vivre sa vie.
Posted by Jamie S. Rich at 12:46 AM
Labels: dreyer, godard, renoir
wow, this is a great post!
James K said...
Great article, Jamie. I can't watch this film enough, and I thought your perspective brought a fresh insight to the film. Thanks for writing it!
SUMMER HOURS - #513
IL POSTO - #194
READER MEET AUTHOR: C2E2/STUMPTOWN COMICS FEST
THE FUGITIVE KIND - #515
RAN - #316
SANJURO - #53


text:
Issancourt-et-Rumel is een gemeente in het Franse departement Ardennes (regio Grand Est) en telt 371 inwoners (1999). De plaats maakt deel uit van het arrondissement Charleville-Mézières.

Geografie
De oppervlakte van Issancourt-et-Rumel bedraagt 5,5 km², de bevolkingsdichtheid is 67,5 inwoners per km².

Demografie
Onderstaande figuur toont het verloop van het inwonertal (bron: INSEE-tellingen).

Externe links

Gemeente in Ardennes

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
E-commerce industry seeks to leverage logistics growth
Flexible warehousing models that can help businesses optimise their storage are required amid the development of e-commerce, experts have suggested.
Many e-commerce companies are expanding their warehouse networks to meet growing demand. (Photo: VNA)
HCM City - Flexible warehousing models that can help businesses optimise their storage are required amid the development of e-commerce, experts have suggested.
"AirBnB for logistics" is an ideal solution, real-estate service firm, Jones Lang LaSalle (JLL), said, explaining that it is a shared economic model that allows businesses to optimise storage space that is not in use during the low season.
It cited the examples of a company selling Christmas trees that only needs space in winter and a pool accessories maker that needs it in summer.
"The growth of e-commerce has driven demand for industrial real estate in the last 10 years, and the sudden spike in online activity since the crisis has accelerated that demand," Trang Bui, senior director of markets, JLL Vietnam, said.
In 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic has caused the sudden increase of e-commerce adoption, particularly for food, fast-moving consumer goods, health and pharmaceutical products.
The trend is happening globally, especially in the Asia Pacific, America and Europe.
Vietnam has a young and tech-savvy population to support the rise of e-commerce, which is expected to carry the industrial property industry through the current uncertain time.
During the social-distancing period, almost every industry was affected, and the mobility restriction gave e-commerce more customers, meaning the pandemic's effect on it was less severe than some other industries like tourism and traditional commerce.
A JLL report said the sudden increase in demand is forcing producers of staple goods to scramble for additional warehouse capacity and companies to rethink supply chains.
"This shift in customer behaviour has increased both short- and long-term demand for industrial real estate properties that allow companies to deliver orders faster by being closer to their customer base," she said.
According to JLL, the surges in online demand for goods during the pandemic highlight the need to rethink aspects of supply chain management. The skyrocketing order volume has forced e-commerce companies to keep more stocks in locations near customers, fuelling demand for flexible warehouses.
It said it has been receiving requests from major e-commerce customers to rent warehouses of 10-15ha near the city centre, as demand increases strongly during the year-end shopping season.
To mitigate the risk of disruption, many occupiers will seek to invest in distribution centres closer to parcel hubs to ensure there is minimal disruption the next time a major global catastrophe happens.
Increasing transportation options, including inter-modal rail, so that that there is less reliance on trucks, and more automated facilities, can also reduce the impact during major events.
Giant e-commerce platform Shopee told Vietnam News the company has set up a third fulfilment warehouse at Tan Phu Trung Industrial Park in HCM City's Cu Chi district, its largest. The others are in the city's district 7 and Long Bien district, Hanoi.
Shopee picked a strategic location for the new warehouse that enables Shopee Express service and the company's other shipping partners to operate more efficiently. The location is also convenient for delivery to central provinces and the Mekong Delta.
Shopee said it could now completely meet the growing demand in the vicinity of HCM City and in the central provinces.
Tuan Anh, managing director of Shopee Vietnam, said e-commerce has a lot of potential in Vietnam, making industrial real estate the "darling" of the commercial real estate industry.
Article's Link: https://www.vir.com.vn/e-commerce-industry-seeks-to-leverage-logistics-growth-80792.html
Copyright by https://www.vir.com.vn/


I am lucky to have gotten hold of a Tungsten T so that G2 mess stays away from me.
It does not. Palm needs to offer the G3 version as specified by others in this thread. Today the best Graffiti implementation is on a Pocket PC.


Apartment Escape 3 - Play The Best Free Online Games at Dozengames.
Another room escape game from Dozengames.com. Again You are locked you up in the apartment, try to figure out how to escape by using the items and solving the puzzles.


text:
Providing theological education
Jeremy Weightman
Providing theological education for churches and leaders in Mexico:
Joel Gonzalez and Mayra Gomez, with Joel Fernando, are based in the city of Puebla. They report: 'Our work in theological education continues to grow.
'We provide courses for local churches. Our regular teaching with Instituto Vanguardia is going well; the first graduation of our students has just taken place.
'We continue to move towards creating the Aztec Trinitarian School of Theology (ETAT). In May we started a collaboration with Universidad Madero de Puebla (Madero University of Puebla – UMAD). UMAD has academic accreditation from the Mexican government and the infrastructure within which we can develop the initial part of ETAT. We are running a pilot course to create interest, with a view to beginning a diploma next academic year, which starts in two months! These are paving the way for the development of ETAT under UMAD's umbrella.
'We continue working with local churches in Puebla, Ixtapaluca and the Highlands of Veracruz.'
'We both also felt it important to assist with teaching English language at Joel Fernando's primary school.'
PRAY for the growth of our networks in Mexico, and for the development of ETAT.
PRAY for physical and emotional strength as we feel tired though joyful.
PRAY for safety in travels and protection from God for each of us.
PRAY for at least four co-workers to join us in Puebla or nearby areas.
Pray for Mexico:
Elections are approaching: the country is extremely divided and factions are fighting for control over key regions. PRAY for peace and a Church that will stand for Christian values.
Violence and insecurity are growing, with an increasing murder rate. There are few investigations into these crimes. PRAY for peace and justice.
The tension with the USA and Donald Trump is putting pressure on the financial markets and on laws and policies. PRAY for wisdom and respect for people and the country.
Other prayer points... July
1–2 Louis Woodley is preaching at an evangelistic campaign in Puna, Potosí, Bolivia, with the UCE denomination.
9 Benjamín Curín is preaching at the Wayfarers Fellowship Evangelical Church in Carisbrooke, Isle of Wight. Pray especially for his English to be clear so that he may faithfully explain God's word.
9–10 Vive Foundation is holding its first big event in Medellín, Colombia. Called 'Vive Relevante', it is designed to equip Sunday school teachers and church leaders to disciple the children in their congregations. Pray for a good attendance and for the training to be effective.
10 A Summer Step team arrives in Nicaragua. The team will be working with young people and children and on a building project with a church in León.
11 & 25 In Medellín, Colombia, Manuel Reaño starts a series of lessons on Homiletics. Those attending are young lay preachers who used to be streetchildren.
13 Bridget Bennett preaches for the first time at her church (Amistad Internacional) in Costa Rica.
17 & 22 The two ten-week Christian Education courses that Buena Tierra (Good Soil) has been running in north Lima, Peru, finish. Praise God for the graduates. Pray for those who will continue studying the next levels in August.
19 A Church Step team from St Thomas with St Stephen, London, arrives in Peru. They are going to be based in Cañete, south of Lima, until 16 August.
24–29 SETECA (the main Bible seminary in Guatemala City) is holding a conference about mission. Latin Link has an exhibition stand. Pray for good engagement with the students and other attendees.
28–30 Manuel Reaño heads to Armenia, Colombia, for a second round of conferences with pastors and church leaders. The theme is biblical leadership.
28 A Summer Step team arrives in Guatemala City (till 18 August). The team will be working with Puerta de Esperanza (Door of Hope), helping in educational support activities with children who live and work in the Terminal (the main bus station and market).
30 Benjamín Curín is preaching at Niton Baptist Church on the Isle of Wight.
Download a pdf of the July 2017 ¡Oremos!, with all the above prayer points, HERE.
Credit: © lunamarina/Adobe.com


text:
P2P loan giant Lending Club expands into car refinancing
Paul Sawers@psawers
Image Credit: Marc van der Chijs/Flickr
Peer-to-peer lending service Lending Club is expanding into car financing with the launch of a new auto refinance loan that offers applicants up to $50,000.
Founded in 2006, Lending Club has been setting out to transform the traditional banking system with a credit marketplace that bypasses banks altogether. Those who require a loan apply through Lending Club, which evaluates their suitability and devises an interest rate accordingly. Lenders, who may include private individuals or organizations, then offer the money at the agreed rate of interest.
Now, in addition to personal loans and business loans, Lending Club is targeting those who have already borrowed money for a new car and are seeking better rates of interest. The service is being introduced in California only, with plans to expand it across the U.S. early next year.
How this translates into savings for consumers remains to be seen, but Lending Club reckons that its car refinancing loans will typically come with a 1 to 3 percent lower APR than the applicant's existing loan, which should translate into an "average savings of up to $1,350 over the life of the loan," the company said in a statement.
"Tens of millions of Americans borrow over half a trillion dollars every year to buy cars," said Scott Sanborn, Lending Club CEO and president. "The practices and processes of the auto lending industry offer consumers limited options and a lack of transparency. This has created a gap between the rates consumers pay and the rates they might otherwise qualify for, unnecessarily driving up debt burdens."
This is a notable evolution for Lending Club, as the move represents its first secured loan offering — that is, a loan that is secured against a physical asset such as a car. As with other Lending Club loans, those seeking an auto refinance loan can check their rate in advance based on their existing credit profile and means to repay the loan. Other factors that will impact the rate include things like the current value, mileage, and make / model of the vehicle.


Kim Kardashian for Old Navy? – Sooo Fabulous!
Kim Kardashian for Old Navy?
If you've seen the recently launched Old Navy commercials, you've probably done a double take.
Is that really Kim Kardashian starring in the store's "Super C-U-T-E" spring campaign ad?
Not at all, according to reports. But it sure is someone who looks a whole lot like her!
According to Old Navy, the campaign aims at attracting its target customer "Jennie" – a 25 to 35 year old woman looking for on-trend fashion at great prices for herself and her family. And what better way to do it than to use a Kim Kardashian lookalike?!
Haven't seen it yet? Check out the official video to see what the blogs have been buzzing about.


text:
Hwardijśke () – osiedle typu miejskiego na Ukrainie, w obwodzie dniepropetrowskim, w rejonie nowomoskowskim. W 2001 liczyło 5199 mieszkańców, spośród których 2710 wskazało jako ojczysty język ukraiński, 2284 rosyjski, 3 mołdawski, 4 białoruski, 28 ormiański, 5 inny, a 165 osób się nie zadeklarowało.

Przypisy

Osiedla typu miejskiego w obwodzie dniepropetrowskim


Innovations in filmmaking transport audiences to new worlds deliver content where, when on any device they want. Although studying creativity is considered a legitimate scientific discipline nowadays, it is still a very young one.
Cette politique de confidentialité s' applique aux informations que nous collectons à votre sujet sur ( le « Site Web» ) et les applications FILMube et comment nous utilisons ces informations. Politique de confidentialité FILMube. Guilford was one of the first.
Descargar rom de resident evil 2 psx español. Todos los elinks de Programas para descargar Bajar gratis por emule elink espanol. America' s film television industry creates , embraces new advances in technology— both in how we tell stories how we engage audiences.
Todos los elinks de Programas para descargar Bajar gratis por emule elink espanol. Para acceder a la tienda de Windows y para descargar y ejecutar aplicaciones, se necesita una conexión a Internet activa y una resolución de pantalla mínima de 1024 x 768. America' s film and television industry creates and embraces new advances in technology— both in how we tell stories and how we engage audiences.
Innovations in filmmaking transport audiences to new worlds and deliver content where, when, and on any device they want. Although studying creativity is considered a legitimate scientific discipline nowadays, it is still a very young one.
Guilford was one of the first. Politique de confidentialité FILMube. Cette politique de confidentialité s' applique aux informations que nous collectons à votre sujet sur ( le « Site Web» ) et les applications FILMube et comment nous utilisons ces informations.
Todos los elinks de Programas para descargar Bajar gratis por emule elink espanol. America' s film and television industry creates and embraces new advances in technology— both in how we tell stories and how we engage audiences. Innovations in filmmaking transport audiences to new worlds and deliver content where, when, and on any device they want.


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Display your photos and artwork in a style that's perfect for a media room, art studio, or kid's room. This acrylic frame is designed to look like an oversized filmstrip. With seven 4" x 6" openings you'll have plenty of room to collage photos of your favorite life scenes.
7-Opening Filmstrip Frame By Studio Décor® is rated 5.0 out of 5 by 25.
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text:
Wishes pour in for threatened St Andrews Park Paddling Pool
22/04/2017 · by bristolmum · in Local News. ·
St Andrews Park paddling pool has been transformed into a "wishing pool" in the hope of keeping it open in the face of council funding cuts.
Children, parents and grandparents have been attaching their happy memories of Bristol's only public paddling pool to its railings – as well as their wishes for its future.
The pool, which is currently fenced off to prevent damage to its recently resurfaced interior, is due to reopen for summer splashing next weekend (29th April).
However, planned cuts of £450,000 to Bristol's annual parks budget, have raised concerns that its opening hours will be restricted – and it may not open at all on busy weekends.
The council has said that it will open as normal next weekend, but that the situation will be reviewed at the end of May.
But even if the paddling pool opens as normal this year, the situation looks set to get worse over the next 2 years, as the council attempts to cut a total £3.95million of its parks budget by 2020.
The proposed cuts have left many parents worried that St Andrews paddling pool, which is used by families from across Bristol, may eventually close or see its opening restricted – particularly on busy, sunny weekends when it needs regular emptying and refilling for hygiene reasons.
This requires the park-keeper to work overtime – something the council is trying to restrict. The park toilets may also close early on weekends, raising concerns that people may relieve themselves elsewhere in the park.
Local mums, Linda Geddes and Simone Van Dop, came up with the wishing pool idea as a way of raising awareness about the pool's plight, and demonstrating just how valuable it is to families across Bristol.
"By tying happy memories and wishes to the railings we're turning what's currently an empty, fenced-off pool into a cared-for, loved thing," says Van Dop, a primary school teacher and mother to two young children, Merryn (5) and Isaac (3).
"We're hoping to draw attention to the potential threat to the pool in a very gentle way. It's the only public paddling pool in Bristol, and if it were to go, it would be a very sad thing."
Geddes has also set up a Facebook page "We Love St Andrews Paddling Pool," which has already attracted more than 385 members since it was launched on 12th April.
"We're thrilled to see so many messages of support from parents from across Bristol," says Geddes, a journalist, and mother to Tilly (6) and Max (4).
"At a time when money is tight, the paddling pool is fantastic day out for everyone, and best of all it's free. The messages written by children are particularly nice to see: it's their pool, and we feel that their voices – small as they may be – should be heard."
However, some of the parents' messages are also quite moving. For example, one message tied to the pool railings reads:
"We come here because we cannot afford swimming lessons at Horfield pool. It builds their confidence in the water. Please don't take it away."
Another reads: "I could cry at the thought of the pool closing. My grandchildren love it. And [for] people with not much money, this is a lovely, free day [sic] to paddle."
"The paddling pool is unique in Bristol and enjoyed by families and children from all over the city during the summer. It provides fun, promotes exercise and physical well-being and enhances community spirit. The Friends of St Andrews Park hope fervently that it will be kept open for all to continue enjoying and benefitting from," adds Sarah Cemlyn, play area convenor for Friends of St Andrews Park.
Alternative ways of funding Bristol's parks are due to be discussed at Bristol City Council's Neighbourhood Scrutiny meeting this Monday (24th April).
Proposals include corporate sponsorship, charging for toilet and car park use, or renting public space out for events. The goal is for Bristol's Parks Service to operate on a 'cost neutral' basis by 2020.
For more information on the proposals for Bristol's parks and Monday's meeting, please see: https://democracy.bristol.gov.uk/documents/s13424/Parks%20Service%20Scrutiny%20report%20April%202017.pdf
We Love St Andrews Park Facebook page:
https://www.facebook.com/groups/standrewspaddlingpool/
Tags: Bishopston, Bristol, children, matters, mum, Paddling Pool, St Andrew's Park
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A Spring Walk Through Gaston Lane, Bishopston →


The DRS Protocol™ helps patients like yourself struggling with sciatica by addressing the root causes creating your discomfort.
Learn about why you may be experiencing sciatica below, and discover whether the DRS Protocol™ is the right treatment to help you finally experience true sciatica relief.
Sciatica describes pain experienced along the length of the sciatic nerve.
This is usually felt in the buttocks, where it may radiate down the back of the leg. If you have pain in your lower back or hip that radiates into your lower leg, you may have a protruding (herniated) disc that is pressing on the roots of the sciatic nerve. This condition is commonly referred to as sciatica.
Often when you experience pain in your legs or feet, it stems from a problem in your lower back. Other symptoms such as numbness and tingling may also be referred to your leg and/or your feet and toes.
It's important to understand sciatica is a symptom of a problem. Sciatica is caused by something compressing or irritating your nerve roots and compromising your sciatic nerve.
The DRS Protocol™ treats the underlying problem causing your sciatica, which is key to helping you experience relief from your pain.


Dualchas - Beijing Holtop Air Co., Ltd.
Gus a dhèanamh làimhseachaidh fhallaine agus nas lùth-èifeachdaiche.
Airson a bhith na cheannard ann an lùth ath-bheothachadh adhair toirt fuasglaidhean.
Saidheans rianachd bunaiteach a thoirt gu buil ro-innleachd.
Margaidh iarrtais a th 'air tùs na ùr-ghnàthachadh.
Stèidhich Sònraichte brand tro càileachd stuthan.
Luach an-còmhnaidh nas àirde na a 'phrìs.
Cuiribh an duine ceart anns an àite cheart.
No crìochan ann an seirbheis, nach eil a 'crìochnachadh ann an sincerity.
Co-obrachadh eadar-nàiseanta accelerates a 'leasachadh teicneòlas agus bathar.
Thoir Forest-Fresh Air a Your Life!
Stèidhichte ann an 2002, Holtop S e a 'phrìomh-saothrachaidh ann an Sìona a' speisealachadh ann an dèanamh adhair air èadhar teas ath-bheothachadh uidheam.


Benjamin Kiehn has been working as a patent professional at Flügel Preissner Schober Seidel since 2015. The main focus of his activities is in the fields of mechanical engineering, aerospace technology, automotive technology and mechatronics.
Benjamin Kiehn comes from the area near Aachen and he completed his school education in Würselen in 2003. He studied aerospace technology at the Technical University in Munich from 2005 to 2011.
After completing his studies, he worked for four years as an engineer at a technology consulting firm in Munich where he was primarily responsible for the field of vehicle electrical system architecture. He has been pursuing his training to be a patent attorney at Flügel Preissner Schober Seidel since 2015.
Benjamin Kiehn is mostly involved in application, opposition and invalidity proceedings before the German Patent and Trade Mark Office, the Federal Patent Court and the European Patent Office.


Droid X Forum > Droid X Development > Droid X Hacks > Throttle?
View Full Version : Throttle?
Please explain this to me. I didn't hear about this.
The "network optimization" they announced months ago. If you're on an unlimited plan and using 3G, on a congested tower, and are among the top 5% of users (defined as over 5gb/month) you will be throttled, while on that tower. In theory, according to VZW, if the tower becomes uncongested or you move to an uncongested tower, your speeds return to normal.


text:
Bigger Faster Stronger-3rd Edition
Greg Shepard
Kim Goss
Bigger Faster Stronger (BFS) is the premier performance program for high school and college sports. BFS and the book Bigger Faster Stronger have led teams to more than 500 state championships, and that was just the warm up. Now in its third edition, Bigger Faster Stronger is ready for the next generation of athletes and the next level of performance.
Inside, you'll find training guidelines for in-season and off-season weight training, as well as the latest strategies for breaking through plateaus, developing peak strength, and increasing power, flexibility, speed, and agility.
You'll learn the proper exercise techniques for the big four lifts, as well as multiple variations and safety protocols. You'll also find recommendations for integrating new equipment, athlete monitoring systems, and other technology into your program to ensure maximum effectiveness and performance gains. Bigger Faster Stronger can accommodate any sport and every level of competition. Safe, effective, and relied on by thousands of athletes, coaches, and administrators, it is the proven performance program you can trust.
The primary audience for Bigger Faster Stronger is high school coaches who work with athletes in all sports and are seeking BFS certification or recertification. The secondary audience is athletes of all levels.
Chapter 1 Unified Approach to Training
Chapter 2 BFS Rotational Set-Rep System
Chapter 3 BFS In-Season Training
Chapter 4 BFS Readiness Program
Chapter 5 Six Absolutes of Perfect Technique
Chapter 6 Parallel Squat and Squat Variations
Chapter 7 Power Clean and Quick Lifts
Chapter 8 Hex-Bar Deadlift and Deadlift Variations
Chapter 9 Bench Press and Bench Press Variations
Chapter 10 Sport-Specific Auxiliary Lifts
Chapter 11 Agility and the BFS Dot Drill
Chapter 12 Five-Phase Plyometric Program
Chapter 13 Speed Training
Chapter 14 BFS 1-2-3-4 Flexibility Program
Chapter 15 Organization and Weight Room Design
Chapter 16 Safety and Liability
Chapter 17 Strength and Conditioning Technology
Greg Shepard, EdD, is the founder of Bigger Faster Stronger (BFS), the most widely followed strength and conditioning program in the United States. Providing strength training programs to high schools and colleges since 1975, BFS has a staff of more than 30 coaches, who conduct an average of 300 clinics a year and train thousands of coaches and athletes annually. Shepard's BFS Magazine touts a readership of 500,000 coaches and athletes.
Shepard has a master's degree in exercise physiology from the University of Oregon and a doctorate in the same field from Brigham Young University. During his professional career, he has been a strength coach at Oregon State University, the University of Oregon, and Brigham Young University, where his powerlifting team won a national championship. He was also the strength coach for the NBA's Utah Jazz from 1981 to 1997. At the time he was hired by the Jazz, Shepard was the only strength coach in the National Basketball Association.
Shepard lives in Provo, Utah.
Kim Goss, MS, PICP Level 1, has been a strength and conditioning coach and editor since serving in the Air Force from 1981 to 1985. He was the strength coach of the Air Force Academy from 1987 to 1994. While there, he designed all workouts not only for the football team but also for all 875 varsity athletes who used the weight room. Goss later ran a private gym and worked with numerous athletes who competed in the Olympic Games.
From 1982 to 1987, Goss was a fitness and strength writer and editor for Runner's World Publications. He has been the editor in chief of BFS Magazine since 2005 and an editor and researcher with the Poliquin Group since 2009. He has written over 700 articles and edited over 25 books.
Goss earned a master's degree in human movement science from A.T. Still University in 2009 and a bachelor's degree in journalism and mass communication from Cal State University– Hayward in 1985. He lives in East Greenwich, Rhode Island.
Master standard and sport-specific auxiliary lifts
Understand strength and conditioning technology
Who should use the Bigger Faster Stronger readiness program?


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Restatement of the Law of Judgments [1st]. 1 Volume.
Scott, Austin W. (Reporter). Seavey, Warren A. (Reporter). American Law Institute. Restatement of the Law of Judgments. [1st]. St. Paul: American Law Institute Publishers, 1942. xiv, 688 pp. Gilt-lettered textured maroon cloth. Ex-private law firm library with card pocket on inside rear free endpaper, else very good and internally clean. $45. * First edition. Now in its third edition, the Restatements series was produced by the American Law Institute to define the consensus of American courts on particular points of law. Written by a team of respected legal scholars, they provided clear statements of legal principles as they stood at the time of publication. In this respect these volumes remain valuable as landmarks in the evolution of American law during the twentieth century. The publisher recommends that this volume be retained, as it contains material of historical interest and numerous case citations depict still-valid underlying authority for concepts newly articulated in later Restatement units.


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Piles Disease Diagram
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text:
The Importance of Non-Legal Skills in Private Law Disputes Relating to Children, Including International Relocation ("Leave to Remove") Cases
Despite the well-intentioned and very significant efforts invested by those involved in resolving private law children disputes within the family justice system (including international relocation or "leave to remove cases"), I do not believe that the critics of the system – mainly those parents unfortunate enough to be involved in it – are wholly unjustified in certain very important aspects of their criticism.
It is tempting to explain away parents' complaints as the product of their feelings associated with the highly emotionally charged and threatening environment in which they find themselves as they advocate the well-being of their children – being transferred from their separated co-parent to the institutions, agencies and professional advisers they believe have not listened and responded to their concerns for their child. Such dissatisfaction frequently manifests itself in a sense of disillusionment with the family justice system and those who operate it, most commonly expressed in complaints that it is discriminatory on grounds of sex, or that it has made matters worse for their post-litigation parental cooperation as a result of the adversarial nature of the litigation, or that it has exacted such an emotional and financial toll on the family that, whatever the court decides, the family has been left in a worse state than when it became involved in the litigation.
Whatever the family justice system does to address these criticisms, nothing seems to work. Although the opening up of the family courts to public scrutiny through greater access to the media is still work in progress, the likelihood of this development being an answer to such censure can perhaps be gauged by a consideration of the criminal justice system. There, notwithstanding that public hearings are the norm, if the press is to be believed, it seems to have done little to reassure the public that justice is consistently delivered and is reflective of society's values.
In the family law courts, it is clear that what little interest the media had in sitting through lengthy court hearings of non-celebrity parents has already been lost. Other critics argue for specific changes in the law to make it fairer for the child. Currently, such calls are most vociferously expressed by those opposed to the ease with which a primary carer can emigrate with the child in international relocation (or "leave to remove") cases – see, for example, the family law review undertaken by the Conservative party's think tank, the Centre for Social Justice, in Every Family Matters in July 2009 and the reunite report on international relocation by Dr Marilyn Freeman in the same month. Legislation, if enacted notwithstanding the support for the status quo amongst influential lawyers – in a recent letter (extracts of which appear on The Custody Minefield website) Sir Mark Potter, the President of the Family Division, has confirmed his support for the present approach to leave to remove cases articulated by Payne v Payne [2001] EWCA 166 – will never fully quash the criticism.
Since a blanket prohibition upon leave to remove cannot be sensibly argued by even the most ardent opponents of the status quo, even if there were reforms so that permission would be granted only in exceptional circumstances, there would still be some parents extremely hard hit by the law. What is it then that clients want from their family lawyers at potentially the most difficult time of their lives and regarding the most important issue in their lives – the determination of the well-being of their children?
Drawing upon both my personal and professional experience, the latter as a commercial law partner and now full-time family lawyer (during the course of which, in addition to my own clients, I have spoken to many parents on a pro bono and second opinion basis), it is clear that the parents' overwhelming concern is that the application of legal skills alone leads to them experiencing acute feelings of disempowerment, disengagement, helplessness, not being listened to and paternalism. This experience has informed my opinion that the following approach is essential to addressing these client concerns:
Taking a holistic approach to the client's needs beyond simply perceiving their case in terms of relevant fact and law for the purpose of "black and white" legal analysis based on legal precedent, since this has the effect of negating the uniqueness of each client's personal circumstances and family dynamic.
Supporting the client emotionally and psychologically to ensure they feel listened to and their case articulated in a manner which emphasises their genuine child centric concerns. This minimises the risk that the client adopts a non-child centric position which frequently involves the prosecution of their legal case and interaction with the other parent containing a series of threats, allegations, denials and counter allegations, which inevitably causes great hostility, upset and resentment between the parents and the legal system.
Developing and agreeing a plan of action with the client around a clearly defined strategy for communicating the parent's child centric concerns.
Offering a level of service that reflects the client's emotional needs and allows for regular, open communication between client and lawyer whenever it is required by the client.
Remaining focused on providing a "can-do" approach and solutions to any matter that the client wishes to include as part of his case, rather than a lawyer driven "I know best" approach which ultimately results in a sense of helplessness in the client. The established approach where lawyers repeatedly emphasise the risks of any given course of action without suggesting a possible alternative solution is not seen by clients as providing any added value to their case.
In achieving these aims, I have found it of fundamental importance to integrate my legal practice with that of those professionals who are solely focused on helping to identify, align and express the client's underlying beliefs, perception and concerns for the benefit of their legal case and to reduce anxiety and hostility that would otherwise generally occur. Based upon the success of this approach for my clients and me, it does seem peculiar that those professionals who are trained to have a greater insight than we, as the legal profession, into the human condition and, in particular, parental decision-making, are not more welcomed by family lawyers whose central concern is, by definition, the well-being of their clients.
The professionals to whom I refer are the various multidisciplinary "psychological" practitioners, such as psychiatrists, psychologists, psychotherapists, counsellors and any others with the appropriate skill set to articulate these matters and whose role it is to promote the emotional and psychological well-being of their clients. Historically, "psychological" professionals have not worked closely with lawyers in what, in my view, is an obvious area of co-operation, because they have been led to believe that their only function in family litigation is as a sole or jointly instructed court sanctioned expert. The infrequency of such instructions means that they are effectively excluded from any significant involvement in the family justice system. Secondly, lawyers and professionals of this type do not typically communicate effectively with each other due to their very different training and skill sets.
Lawyers are essentially advisers in the context of rigid rules, a recipe for "black and white" thinking. Conversely, psychological professionals, in assessing the possible processes and motivations behind an individual's decision making and behaviour, are skilled in identifying the underlying complexity of each individual and the circumstances that have led to them instructing their legal professional adviser. The absence of input from such psychological professionals, save in those cases where there is a specific psychological or psychiatric concern, is extremely unfortunate since family breakdown and post-separation parenting occur against the background of a large number of decisions made by the parents, stemming from their unique emotional and psychological make up. How, then, can lawyers and psychological professionals work together for the benefit of their mutual clients?
The following areas of cooperation are the main ones that my practice employs within our everyday interaction with our clients.
1. Developing and Communicating a Client's Case
From the client's first meeting with their solicitor, time pressure, the manner in which the solicitor elicits his instructions, the client's deep upset and the solicitor's limited understanding of the client's interpersonal difficulties and psychological processes which underpin their distress, automatically narrow the information base on which a case can be built. The value solicitors ascribe to legal precedent further narrows the case in the solicitor's mind to those facts which are consistent with or distinguishable from that precedent. There is a risk that the solicitor's early assessment of the prospects of success (usually expressed in terms of a percentage), viewed through this narrow focus and understandably couched in cautious terms, sets the client on a path of disillusionment, conditioned helplessness and increased anxiety and hostility, since he feels his case has already been pre-judged without the solicitor understanding what he or she regards as the unique aspects of it. Psychological professionals can greatly assist in ensuring that a client's case is formulated and presented to maximum effect through the inclusion of these unique features. Their ability to establish a good rapport, take a full case history of both the family breakdown and the contributory factors leading to it, as well as their expertise in managing the client's distress and facilitating open communication on very sensitive issues, greatly assists the solicitor to develop a holistic legal case which the client is more likely to believe accurately reflects their experience and position. Clients also find this process of great value as it frequently serves to give them additional insight into their own distress and why their relationship broke down, thereby enabling them to view the legal process more objectively and positively and to maintain their child centric position. Since an integral part of this approach is that the client develops a broader understanding of the decision making and behaviour of their former partner, we have found that it is much more likely that the parents achieve a consensual settlement through their unification behind the common goal of the best interests of the children.
2. The Role of Psychological Professionals in Supporting their Client
It is very stressful for any parent to be involved in family law litigation. This pressure may last many months or years. A client who cannot communicate their feelings at this anxious time or sinks into a spiral of pessimism, negativity or depression in response to the prospect of their loss and to their feelings of helplessness, is unlikely to be in the best frame of mind to conduct litigation, think flexibly or continue functioning in other aspects of their life. This will inevitably have a knock-on effect upon the child's well-being. Preserving the client's emotional and psychological well-being in these circumstances is best undertaken by a psychological professional who understands these issues. It is estimated that family breakdown directly affects approximately one-third of the United Kingdom population1 (and many more indirectly). Research from Families Need Fathers and the Equal Parenting Alliance provide a worrying insight. A survey of over 200 parents involved in the family justice system found that 35% of respondents had contemplated suicide, with a shocking 7% having actually attempted suicide. Clearly, this is an untenable situation that must be seriously addressed. In order to support their client effectively, it is necessary for the psychological professionals working in this forum to have a relevant understanding of the family justice system and for the solicitor to be aware of, at least basic, psychological principles, thereby facilitating a symbiotic relationship that truly reflects and caters for the client's needs.
3. The Psychological Professional's Role in Mediation
The Achilles heel of mediation is that, without the appropriate psychological awareness, the one thing that needs to be mediated – the client's negative beliefs systems relating to the separated co-parent – are not properly expressed or addressed. Without dealing with the underlying causes of that negativity, the parties cannot unify behind a common positive goal. Consequently, any attempt to mediate may feel like an attempt to force agreement on the parties and so result in as much polarisation and resistance as does litigation. By way of illustration, research undertaken by the Ministry of Justice in relation to longer-term outcomes of in-court mediation2 found that about 60% of agreements reached by parents had been dropped, or had broken down, by the two year follow up point – this being due to one or both of the adults not supporting the agreement rather an adaptive change to circumstances. Further, two years after mediation, the majority of parents involved in that research continued to report a negative relationship with their co-parent that had not improved, or had worsened. At the two year follow up point, the number of children with borderline or abnormal scores for reporting psychological distress on a standardised measure remained about double the United Kingdom norm. One of the main conclusions reached in that report was that there needed to be more relationship based or therapeutically-orientated interventions, under the umbrella of public health rather than the family justice system.
4. Getting the Best from Court Appointed Experts
Due to their lack of mental health expertise, lawyers have great difficulty in effectively instructing court appointed psychiatric or psychological experts in terms that result in advice and opinion that best inform the court. Since, typically, an expert in the same field plays no part in the process of formulating the correct questions to the court appointed expert, there is a risk of the questions posed being too general and over simplistic. Mental health care professionals working closely with their mutual clients' legal team can play a vital role in ensuring that the court appointed expert is appropriately instructed and their reports interpreted beyond the purely clinical diagnosis. In this way, the inherent risk in such reports – that they are frequently the result of a very short involuntary clinical assessment where the risk of a negative report is uppermost in the parents' mind when being assessed, as opposed to a voluntary doctor-patient assessment – can be addressed by the drafting of instructions and questions to the court-appointed expert which contain an appropriate level of technical insight.
There is a (hopefully apocryphal) story of the family lawyer who says of a case that it must have been a fitting result because both parents were equally unhappy, the implication being that a child centric outcome has been reached in the face of two warring parents with polarised positions. Is it not in the parents' and child's interests that, whatever the result, the parties are able to acknowledge that their respective concerns and positions have been comprehensively communicated to the court and the impact on the child, in all its complexity, considered from an inter-disciplinary perspective, involving both psychological professionals and lawyers consistent with the fact that these, now, legal problems originate from human interaction and decision-making? Such an approach is surely more likely to reduce the animosity (that is otherwise likely to escalate) between the parents after the litigation has finished as both parents will feel that their case has been truly represented.
1 Every Family Matters, page 6.
2 Ministry of Justice Research Series 15/7 The Longer-Term Outcomes of In-Court Conciliation by Dr. Liz Tinder and Joanne Kellet, November 2007.
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Audax Private Equity, Boston, MA, has acquired a controlling interest Colony Hardware Corporation, Orange, CT, a distributor of tools, safety products and other contractor supplies. Terms were not disclosed.
Tailwind Capital, the Colony's previous sponsor, will retain a minority stake in the company. BB&T Capital Markets acted as exclusive financial advisor to Colony Hardware and Tailwind Capital.