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About the English Department
MA in English
Why Brock?
Graduate course calendar
Book virtual meeting with department chair
Undergraduate calendars
Writing and Rhetoric and Discourse Studies
List course requirements
English Students' Association
ESA Book Prize
Essay Writing Clinics
ENCW Resources
Faculty bookshelf
James Allard
Lynn Arner
Gregory Betts
Natalee Caple
Tim Conley
Gale Coskan-Johnson
Ronald Cummings
Martin Danahay
Adam Dickinson
Neta Gordon
Ann Howey
Leah Knight
Mathew Martin
Andrew Pendakis
Elizabeth Sauer
Barbara Seeber
Sue Spearey
Carole Lynn Stewart
MA Faculty listing
Other faculty and staff
Faculty and TA office hours
Book Academic Advising
Brock University English Language & Literature Faculty and staff Faculty Leah Knight
PhD, Queen's University
Office: GLA 137
905 688 5550 x5379
lknight@brocku.ca
I study early modern English poetry, prose, and the culture they emerge from, with special interests in the literary and cultural history of books, writing, and reading in Renaissance England.
I am the author of two monographs, Of Books and Botany in Early Modern England: Sixteenth-Century Plants and Print Culture (Ashgate, 2009) and Reading Green in Early Modern England (Ashgate, 2014), each of which explores different aspects of the historically-specific intersections between the green world and textual culture in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. Both were awarded the annual book prize of the British Society for Literature and Science.
More recently, research funded by an Insight Development Grant (2011-2014) and Insight Grant (2019-2024) from the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada has begun to contribute to the history of reading and early modern women's cultural studies. This work began with my investigation of the evidence that remains of the reading materials, habits, and experiences associated with Anne Clifford (1590-1676). As well as producing a monograph in progress, tentatively entitled The Text Life of Anne Clifford: Fragments of A Renaissance Reader, this work has led me to co-edit, with Micheline White (Carleton University) and Elizabeth Sauer (Brock), a collection of related scholarly essays entitled Women's Bookscapes in Early Modern Britain: Reading, Ownership, Circulation (University of Michigan Press, 2018).
My interest in women's textual interventions in early modern England has most recently led me to the long-neglected manuscript verse of Hester Pulter (1605-1678), whose poems I am currently editing with Dr. Wendy Wall (Northwestern University) in a venture we are co-directing: The Pulter Project: Poet in the Making. The web site associated with this project — launched in 2018 and selected as that year's best project in digital scholarship, new media, or art on women and gender by the Society for the Study of Early Modern Women and Gender — encompasses a still-proliferating array of representations of Pulter's lyrics and emblems, including photographic facsimiles, transcriptions of the manuscript pages, and multiple kinds of editions produced by a growing global team of collaborators, as well as exhibits of contextualizing verbal and visual materials about this poet, her poems, and her world.
I would be pleased to discuss supervision of undergraduate and graduate students with interests in related aspects of early modern English literature and textual culture.
The Pulter Project: Poet in the Making, co-directed and -edited with Wendy Wall, (2018).
Women's Bookscapes in Early Modern Britain: Ownership, Circulation, Reading, ed. Leah Knight, Elizabeth Sauer, and Micheline White (University of Michigan Press, 2018).
"Reading Proof: Or, Problems and Possibilities in the Text Life of Anne Clifford," in Women's Bookscapes in Early Modern Britain: Reading, Ownership, Circulation, ed. Leah Knight, Elizabeth Sauer, and Micheline White (University of Michigan Press, 2018), pp. 253-73.
"The Bookscape," authored with Micheline White, for Women's Bookscapes in Early Modern Britain: Ownership, Circulation, Reading, pp. 1-20.
"Horticultural Networking and Sociable Citation," in Worlds of Natural History, ed. Helen Anne Curry, Nicholas Jardine, James Andrew Secord, and Emma C. Spary (Cambridge University Press, 2018), pp. 61-77.
"Anne Clifford." Private Libraries in Renaissance England: A Collection and Catalogue of Tudor and Early Stuart Book-Lists, gen. ed. R. J. Fehrenbach, vol. ed. Joseph L. Black (Arizona Center for Medieval and Renaissance Studies, 2017), pp. 347-63.
"Margaret Clifford." Private Libraries in Renaissance England: A Collection and Catalogue of Tudor and Early Stuart Book-Lists, gen. ed. R. J. Fehrenbach, vol. ed. Joseph L. Black. (Arizona Center for Medieval and Renaissance Studies, 2017), pp. 157-61.
"Elephants in a Room of Our Own: Scientists, Humanists; Collaboration, Communication; Rhetorics, Realities," co-authored with Alison Mark, Journal for Literature and Science, special issue on "Defining the ScienceHumanities," vol. 10, no. 2 (2017): pp. 88-105.
"Botany," in The Cambridge Guide to the Worlds of Shakespeare, Volume 1: Shakespeare's World, 1500-1660, ed. Bruce R. Smith (Cambridge University Press, 2016), pp. 276-83.
"Reading Across Borders:
The Case of Anne Clifford's 'Popish' Books," Journal of the Canadian Historical Association, vol. 25, no. 2 (2015): pp. 27-56.
Reading Green in Early Modern England. Farnham, UK: Ashgate, 2014.
"Historicising Early Modern Literature and Science: Recent Topics, Trends, and Problems," Journal of Literature and Science, vol. 5, no. 2 (2012): pp. 56-60.
"Writing on Early Modern Trees," English Literary Renaissance, vol. 41, no. 3 (2011): pp. 462-84.
"Orpheus and the Automation of the Natural World," The Automaton in English Renaissance Literature, ed. Wendy Hyman. Aldershot, UK: Ashgate, 2011, pp. 79-94.
Of Books and Botany in Early Modern England: Sixteenth-Century Plants and Print Culture. Aldershot, UK: Ashgate, 2009.
New podcast episode explores early English book culture July 15, 2020
Book a virtual meeting with English department Chair, Professor James Allard June 16, 2020
#40nightsofTheVoice A twitter Poetry Project May 18, 2020
English Language & Literature Events
FromJan 26
Brock Talks: a 17th- Century Poet's Digital Renaissance


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Moore Thesis Day
Passing Of Alumnus Warner Young
February 27, 2019 /in News /by Brad Delaney
Dear Alums,
It is with sadness that I report another alumnus has passed away, Warner R. Young. Warner passed away on Jan 1, 2019. He was a 1966 graduate of our UW Orthodontic program and taught as a part-time faculty for a number of years. Warner practiced in Redmond for over 40 years and was very involved in his church and community. Always joyful and encouraging, Warner greatly impacted his loving family, patients andfriends. We will all miss him.
Greg Huang
Chair – Department of Orthodontics
UW School of Dentistry
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Passing Of Jay Decker
February 9, 2019 /in Events /by Brad Delaney
It is with a heavy heart that I inform you that Jay Decker passed away on Feb 7. He slipped on the ice while walking, and suffered a severe head injury. I am sure almost all of you were friends with Jay, and we will miss him dearly. I have many memories of hikes and photography adventures with Jay, and he was always imparting his wisdom with a smile. He also had been teaching in our technique course for many years, and played the biggest role in teaching our students how to trim models to ABO standards, as well as soldering for the wire sculptures.
Please support Cathy, Jay Jr and Amy during this difficult time, and let them know how much Jay meant to each of you. I will send info about his memorial when it is available.
https://uwoaa.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/UWOAA-Logo.png 0 0 Brad Delaney https://uwoaa.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/UWOAA-Logo.png Brad Delaney2019-02-09 17:30:242019-04-23 12:27:11Passing Of Jay Decker
Passing Of John Rogers
It is with sadness that I relay the news of John Roger's death on January 29, 2019. John was a 1961 graduate of our program, and he practiced in Seattle, Bellevue, and Redmond. He was an avid outdoorsman, and enjoyed many hobbies, including photography and dancing. Unfortunately, I did not receive information about his memorial until today.
We extend our deepest condolences to John's family.
Dr. John R. Rogers DDS
12/21/1919 – 1/29/2019
Graduate Queen Anne High School, Class of 1938.
Coast Guard Academy, Class of 1944.
Served in the North Atlantic during World War 2 as Captain of Sub Chaser 527.
Attended University of Washington prior to the Coast Guard Academy.
Graduated Summa Cum Laude from Northwest University Dental School in 1951.
Earned a Degree of Orthodontics from the University of Washington in 1961.
He practiced dentistry and orthodontics in Seattle, Bellevue, and Redmond for almost 50 years. He was an avid skier, bicyclist, hiker, backpacker, Eagle Scout,accomplished dancer, an artist, a talented photographer, inventor, avid fly fisherman and expert fly tier. He played soccer and boxed at the Coast Guard Academy, and loved to cook and read books.
A devoted husband and father, a good friend and inspiration to all.
Born 12/21/1919 to John Edwin and Florence Rogers.
Married 6/2/1962 to Laura Tillman
They had 3 children; Brad Rogers (Susan), Scott Rogers (Tricia), and Kati Arpin (Art), and 4 grandchildren.
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Mabou is a village on the western side of Cape Breton known for its pristine beauty. We are often told "Mabou is a village that looks like everyone cares for it". The Mabou & District Community Development Association (MDCDA) is asking for your help to keep Mabou beautiful. Mabou Gardens is continuing to support the flower planting and maintenance program, but the additional costs and up keep of the flowers and bench sites is burdensome on a charity organization with very limited revenue.
We all agree as to the quality the flowers add to our Village landscape from June until October, please help us accomplish this!
*MDCDA is a registered charity. Your donation is tax deductible.
Our fundraising initiative in 2017 was known as Bessie's Blooms in loving honour of Elizabeth "Bessie" (Rankin) MacDonald 1939 - 2015. Bessie MacDonald was rooted in Mabou, and although she lived in Ashland MA, Bessie's roots did not wither. She was proud of her hometown community of Mabou- not only of its beauty but of its people and she was always known for her willingness to lend a hand to those in need. Bessie touched many people with her kind, generous heart and her quick wit and it seemed fitting that we remember her kind spirit by keeping Mabou, a place that she loved, beautiful from year to year.
If you would like to donate to Bessie's Blooms, you can choose to do so through a safe & secure online donation using all major credit cards, OR you have the option to mail in a donation using the address below.
**Please note: Mabou & District Community Development Association is a registered Canadian charity. Your donation is tax deductable.
Thanks to Lynda Campbell & Sara Beaton for the gallery photos!


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Africa: Pan-African Payment System Launched - How It Works
@papss_africa / Twitter
A publicity image for the Pan-African Payments and Settlement System (PAPSS).
The New Times (Kigali)
By James Karuhanga
The long awaited Pan-African Payments and Settlement System (PAPSS) was launched Thursday, January 13, in Accra, Ghana, in a virtual event under the theme: "Connecting Payments, Accelerating Africa's trade."
The new system allows a buyer in one African country to make a payment in his or her national currency and the seller in another country receives payment in their local currency.
Its commercial launch came after a successful pilot in the West African Monetary Zone (WAMZ) region. The WAMZ is a West-African economic and integration body with six countries - Gambia, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Liberia, Nigeria and Sierra Leone.
According to Prudence Sebahizi, the Chief Technical Advisor at the AfCFTA Secretariat, the new system will allow a customer or a buyer to make payment in a national currency and the seller will receive the payment their own currency.
This, he noted, is way easier and less costly than changing the Kenyan shilling to the US dollar and then converting the US dollar to the Ghanaian cedi, as has been the case.
Emmanuel Sesonga, the director of business development at Herbmadz, a Rwandan holdings company that specializes in different sectors including IT and breweries, welcomed the initiative.
Sesonga said: "It's a good initiative for us who are planning to tap into the continental market by exporting our products.
"We are also planning to open in different African countries and I hope that with these kind of systems, it eases doing business not only for us at Herbmadz but also others in the business community."
In order to enable instant payments across African borders in local currency, a document available online indicates that the new system supports three core processes: instant payment, pre-funding and net settlement.
How instant payments work
With instant payment, participants no longer need to convert local currencies into hard currencies which then entailed the funds leaving Africa to be converted before being sent back again to the beneficiary bank - adding days to the transaction time.
In addition, it is noted, compliance, legal and sanctions checks are performed instantly within the system. Near-instant payments process is done within 120 seconds.
How pre-funding works
Due to the speed of the real-time payment process, it is noted, the system needs to guarantee that funds are available to complete the originator's transaction before effecting the movement of debits and credits between participants' accounts. Participants must, therefore, agree to a pre-funding arrangement.
Direct participants integrate directly with PAPSS and the real-time gross settlement (RTGS) systems of central banks in the pre-funding process. Participants without an RTGS account - indirect participants - are able to fund or defund their clearing accounts on the system with the aid of a direct participant providing the required liquidity.
Top Headlines Africa Business Banking
Notifications are carried via the ISO 20022 messaging standard, notifying PAPSS, the participants and RTGS of the status of every stage of the transaction.
How settlement works
The Pan-African Payments and Settlement System needs to ensure prompt settlement within 24 hours. Net settlement across all participating central banks occurs at the same time - 11.00 UTC - each day.
As with the pre-funding process, notifications are carried through an ISO 20022 messaging system, notifying PAPSS, the participants and RTGS of the status of every stage of the transaction.
As noted, the system's core service is provided by its instant payment system (PIP™), and supports wholesale and retail real-time payments and the connectivity of banks and payment service providers.
Key features of PAPSS instant payment are: instant and irrevocable credits to customer accounts; immediate confirmation to both originator and beneficiary; service availability 24/7, 365 days a year; ISO 20022 global message standard allowing interoperability, large data sets and rich data for payment and remittance information; and secure infrastructure, incorporating cyber-security and payment fraud systems underpinned by behavioral analytics and machine learning capabilities.
Follow https://twitter.com/KarhangaJames
Read the original article on New Times.
VP Bawumia Launches Pan-African Payments System - PAPSS
Copyright © 2022 The New Times. All rights reserved. Distributed by AllAfrica Global Media (allAfrica.com). To contact the copyright holder directly for corrections — or for permission to republish or make other authorized use of this material, click here.


Stunt Simulator, the game in a large field, speed with your vehicle and try all the drifts. In this place where there are no laws and laws, you can perform all illegal activities. You can test your driving skills with 10 different vehicles. Don't miss this wonderful driving experience.
Have fun with Stunt Simulator .


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Free Books / Finance / Banking / Money And Banking /
4. The Weak Points In The Theory Of Bimetallism
This section is from the book "Money And Banking", by William A. Scott . Also available from Amazon: Money and Banking.
The cornerstone of the theory of bimetallism is the doctrine of the compensatory action of the double standard, and its chief strength consists in the fact that the basis of this doctrine is sound and admitted by all. There can be no doubt that under a bimetallic system a substitution of one metal for the other for monetary purposes would be possible and would take place to a certain extent whenever the market value of either was seriously affected. The important question is, how far would this substitution go, and to what extent would the relative value of gold and silver be affected by it? A consideration of this question will reveal one of the weak points in the theory.
The bimetallists assume that gold and silver are indefinitely interchangeable for monetary purposes, and that the only limit to the possible substitution of one for the other in case of a threatened change of market ratio is the entire discontinuance of the monetary use of the metal which has become relatively dearer. Is this true? Is it not at least conceivable that the dearer metal might still continue to serve as money, but at an enhanced valuation as compared with the cheaper? For example, suppose that, the legal ratio being 16 to 1, the market ratio becomes 18 to 1 on account of a fall in the value of silver, might not gold still continue to be used for monetary purposes, but at a value as compared to silver of 18 to 1 instead of 16 to 1? The bimetallists assume that the law which declares coins of the two metals legal-tender at the latter ratio would prevent this, but in so doing they greatly overestimate the power of a legal-tender law. In spite of such legislation, money-changers, bankers, and others who have occasion to use large quantities of gold for monetary purposes might agree to continue to use it in the form of bullion, but at an enhanced value. Contracts involving the exchange of money which were made before the change would be settled on the basis of the cheaper metal, but not necessarily by means of it, and future contracts could and would be made on the same basis, but might perfectly well be settled in gold at its new value. A contract to pay money under the bimetallic system would not differ materially from that of a farm lease in which the lessee is allowed the option of paying his rent either in wheat or potatoes, one bushel of wheat being regarded as equivalent to two bushels of potatoes for this purpose. If, when pay-day arrives, one bushel of wheat is worth three bushels of potatoes, the farmer will certainly make his payment in potatoes, unless his landlord is willing or prefers to take wheat at its new valuation. If the landlord should really want the wheat and not the potatoes, there is no reason why such an arrangement should not be made. It might be more convenient for both parties. In like manner, under the bimetallic system, the law gives the debtor the option of paying either in gold or silver at a given ratio, and, in case of a change in bullion values such as we have assumed above, authorizes him to pay in the cheaper metal, but it does not prevent his making other arrangements with his creditor. The question here at issue is really one of facts, and on that account there is plenty of room for difference of opinion. Is there any reason for supposing that under a bimetallic system gold might still continue to be used for monetary purposes, even if its market value in relation to silver were considerably higher than that fixed by law?
In a previous chapter we have attempted to show that gold has certain peculiar monetary uses, and that for these it is better than silver or any other metal. This superiority for certain purposes would not be affected in the slightest degree by the establishment of the bimetallic system, though the use of gold coins in the general circulation at a value different from that expressed by the figures or statements on their faces would be rendered difficult and impracticable for most people. Its use in the payment of international balances and for shipment between different cities in the same country would not be rendered more difficult or less convenient by the fact that its bullion rather than its tale value must be considered. In fact, in international payments its bullion value alone counts, no matter what may be the monetary system, and in great financial institutions like the Bank of England coins are always received by weight in order to guard against loss from abrasion. The fact that gold can be shipped and stored at considerably less cost than silver would give it a preference, for the uses here under consideration, which is quite independent of legal-tender laws and which would not be affected by a divergence between the bullion and the legal ratio under a bimetallic system.
Speculation regarding what would happen if the bimetallic system were introduced and the value of silver should subsequently fall is not the most profitable of occupations, but in this instance it serves to show the weakness of the foundation upon which the bimetallists have constructed their main argument. If the substitution of silver for gold cannot be carried to the extent that they claim, then it becomes highly improbable that bimetallism would be able to maintain a fixed ratio between gold and silver. If it cannot accomplish this, it is powerless to cure the evils of the present system.
Many people believe that the real effect of bimetallism would be to introduce what has been called an alternating standard, now of one metal and now of the other. Since gold and silver are constantly fluctuating with reference to each other, they hold that no ratio established by law could be long maintained, and that the metal which became relatively cheap would be the real standard, the other being used as bullion. Therefore, if now one and now the other metal should become cheaper, as measured by the legal ratio, we should have an alternating standard. This would certainly be the result if the claims of the bimetallists regarding the effect of the compensatory law should not prove true.
Another weak point in the theory of bimetallism consists in the assumption that frequent minor fluctuations in prices are less injurious than greater fluctuations occurring at longer intervals. Even if the compensatory action should be sufficient to maintain a fixed ratio between the precious metals, it could not prevent a change of prices whenever any considerable change in the conditions of production or consumption of either of the metals should take place. Under the monometallic system gold-standard countries would suffer only from fluctuations in the value of gold, and silver-standard countries from fluctuations in the value of silver; but with bimetallism both classes of nations would suffer whenever either metal was affected. All that is claimed for this latter system by its most strenuous advocates is that the effects of any change are lessened by being spread over a larger surface, but it is at least questionable whether this advantage is not dearly purchased at the price of more frequent disturbances. If we grant that during the last thirty years gold has appreciated considerably, and that gold-standard countries have suffered in consequence, we must not forget that, had bimetallism been established during this entire period, these countries would have been exposed to price changes from the numerous and violent fluctuations in the value of silver as well as from the appreciation of gold, the difference being that prices would probably have oscillated up and down at frequent intervals instead of having experienced a gradual and steady downward movement. The choice between these two alternatives is not easy. Some people would doubtless prefer the one, and some the other. Business men in general would select a steady movement in one direction, which can be counted on and provided against, to the uncertainty involved in more frequent and complicated movements in different directions, against which they would be practically powerless to protect themselves.
It must, of course, be admitted that the compensatory action of the double standard might be just sufficient to counteract the tendency of one of the metals to rise in value or of the other to fall, as in the hypothetical case assumed by Mr. Barbour, but such an effect would be the merest chance, and would rarely, if ever, be experienced.
It is difficult to analyze the effects of any change of prices, and consequently not easy to determine whether one kind is better or worse than another, but a currency change which would still further complicate the situation cannot be recommended. That this would be the effect of bimetallism is certain. It would be next to impossible to determine in a given case precisely how the compensatory law had been operating, and to what extent a given change in prices was due to currency and to what extent to other causes. It is difficult now; it would be practically impossible under bimetallism.
prev: 3. The Compensatory Action Of The Double Standard
next: 5. National And International Bimetallism


Specimen boxes with varying subject matter that references entomological and forensic science. The boxes uses actual scientific materials such as insect pins, gelatin capsules, test tubes, specimen bags, magnifying boxes, and surgical thread. In addition, he takes hundreds of photographs and collects "biographical DNA" such as hair, food samples, fabric swatches, makeup, handwriting samples, fingerprints and personal ephemera. The photos are dissected and the original subject is reconstructed, incorporating the bio DNA, to create a unique interpretation.


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About William H. Seward
About William Mapes
The Restoration Committee
We are proud to be sponsored by
Honoring a Great Statesman & a Courageous Civil War Soldier
Born in Florida, New York in 1801, William H. Seward was one of our nation's most distinguished political leaders. Remembered primarily for his role as Secretary of State under Abraham Lincoln and his guiding influence in the purchase of Alaska as Secretary of State in the Andrew Johnson administration, Seward was also a Senator and New York Governor in his long career. Read more...
The Seward/Mapes Homestead presents a rare opportunity in historic preservation to focus on the lives and accomplishments of two men deeply engaged in the American Civil War on different levels – one as Secretary of State in the Lincoln Administration and the other as a Union soldier who survived many horrific battles before being severely wounded. That soldier was Captain William E. Mapes of the 124th New York State Volunteers, known as "The Orange Blossoms". Read more about Mapes. The Homestead is also uniquely located in the Village of Florida and has the potential to become a vital community learning and cultural center.
Healthcare in the Nineteenth Century
One of our favorite time-travelers, Carolyn Ivanoff, returns with a program that examines healthcare in Victorian America. What was it like to need and experience medical care in 19th century America? How did people handle and treat inevitable illnesses that come with the human condition? On the frontier, far from any medical help or a knowledgeable practitioner, individuals and families had to rely on themselves and their own abilities to treat illness. Learn how Americans were their own doctors and caregivers.
American medicine would change forever because of the Civil War and the catastrophe of the mass casualty rates and the health care crisis the war created. This program, like Carolyn's highly praised lectures on Civil War battlefield medicine, examines not only the health care experience of 19th century Americans, but many of the Civil War medical practices that the war ultimately embedded into the fabric of American life during the later half of the 19th Century.
Light refreshments will be served. Tickets available at door: $10 per person. $15 for two. Children FREE
Date: Thursday, October 24th, 7:00 pm to 9:00 pm.
Location: American Legion Post. One Cohen Circle, Florida, NY 10921
Join Us on Seward Day!
Please join us for the Village of Florida's Annual Seward Day! We will be celebrating the 218th Anniversary of the birth of our native son William Henry Seward. Members of the Florida Historical Society and the Seward/Mapes Homestead Restoration Committee will be honoring the legacy of America's greatest Secretaries of State.
Date: Saturday, May 18th, 9:30 am to 11:30 am. Location: 53 North Main Street, Florida, NY 10921
Votes For Women! Meet the Suffragettes
In 1848, the first women's rights convention was held in Seneca Falls, New York. But it wasn't until 1920 that the 19th Amendment was ratified, giving American women the right to vote. Our guest speaker, Carolyn Ivanoff, will present the program in period clothing to commemorate the titanic struggle for suffrage. Told through period photos, political cartoons and editorials, Carolyn's presentation will be as engaging as her previous presentations for the Seward Mapes Homestead entitled Civil War Medicine and The Ghosts of Gettysburg.
Join us on March 14th, 7:00 pm to 9:00 pm.
Our Alaska Fundraiser
Help Us Get To Work!
If you have passed by the Homestead in recent months, you must have seen the great progress that has been made on the Mapes House. The outside is being painted and the full restoration of the Queen Anne style Victorian porch is underway. It took quite a while for state funding to come through, but it has been worth the wait. Please lend us a hand with your donation!
In October of last year, we received the go-ahead by the Village of Florida to proceed with stabilization and restoration efforts of what remains of the Seward Birthplace. An initial appraisal of the building's structure began in March of this year, with an eye towards honoring the original style of the birthplace wherever possible In early 2017, electrical power was run out to the Birthplace. Essentially, we have two restoration challenges facing us. With that in mind, we welcome continuing support from members of the community who share our ambitious goals.
For more information contact: events@sewardhomestead.org or call 845-294-3839.
Download our Seward/Mapes Homestead Brochure.
Captain Mapes, Honored at last!
Captain William E. Mapes of the 124th New York State Volunteers, The Orange Blossoms, got his wish on the sunny morning of Saturday, May 30th, 2015. A monument was dedicated to him in the Village of Florida where he was born, 150 years after he wryly requsted one. Read the full inscription of the monument.
If you have had the opportunity to read about our organization's recent events and - even better, attend them - you know that the dedication ceremony on the grounds of the Seward / Mapes Homestead was the end result of a collaborative effort to honor Mapes' memory as well as thousands of Americans like him who fought to preserve the Union.
A Work in Progress:
Home / About William H. Seward / The Restoration Committee / Contact Us
© Seward Homestead Committee | Site Design by Roger Dowd


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Show-Me Bulldogs proudly breeds champion Bulldogs and shares their beautiful puppies with other enthusiastic Bulldog families. Each one of our Bulldogs is a special part of our family, and over the years many of our beloved Bulldogs have gone on to become show winners as well.
We began breeding and showing bulldogs over twenty years ago, and our wonderful companions have made us Hall of Fame breeders with more than 10 AKC championships. We not only breed Bulldogs with impeccable pedigrees, strong, healthy physiques and beautiful patterns, but we also breed pets with loving, affectionate personalities. Inside the ring and out, our Bulldogs are a vital part of our family, and we are happy to help complete your family as well.
Browse the show gallery to see some of our proud winners, and check the puppies page to see our adorable new additions. Contact us for more information on champion English Bulldog puppies for sale in St. Louis, MO, from breeder Show-Me Bulldogs.


This is still the male model of Thailand, North Magazine Issue 5 Although it looks unrelentingly, if you look closely, you will be very patient and have the right muscle, the taste of the wild native of Thailand.
The handsome guy from the Songkran Festival in Thailand has a good-looking face and a seductive body. The chest and abdominal muscles just prove his ability.
So this handsome photo album, you deserve it.
Thai people's teeth white teeth are neatly caused by the beginning of the bandages from the beginning, they wear the braces like we wear shoes like the insole, the belt will be brought to the age of 18, so the teeth are shaped, it is also good to see.
The models shot by BROTHERS studio are very infectious. Take the little brother, the appearance is not particularly outstanding, but it is very durable. Although there is no big muscle, it is accurate without muscles, but just the right body. Not thin or weak, reminiscent of a child's body.
It has been a year since the first issue of HiMM was launched. I would like to thank everyone for all the supports. I could not have done it without you guys. I will do my best to keep improving my work.


text:
import { GraphQLError } from './GraphQLError';

/**
 * Given an arbitrary Error, presumably thrown while attempting to execute a
 * GraphQL operation, produce a new GraphQLError aware of the location in the
 * document responsible for the original Error.
 */
export function locatedError<T>(
    originalError: Error,
    nodes: T[],
    path: Array<string | number>
): GraphQLError;

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Homage (feudal)
Medieval oath of allegiance
Look up liege, homage, or fealty in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
English feudalism
Harold Sacramentum Fecit Willelmo Duci
(Bayeux Tapestry)
Ecclesiastical fief
Crown land
Allodial title
Subinfeudation
Feoffee
Fealty
Feudal maintenance
Feudal fragmentation
Bastard feudalism
Lord of the manor
Manorial court
Manor house (List)
Demesne
Manorial waste
Lord's waste
Serfdom
Free tenant
Feudal land tenure in England
English feudal barony
Feudal baron
Knight's fee
Knight-service
Baronage
Serjeanty
Copyhold
Gavelkind
Customary freehold
Landed gentry
Peerages in the United Kingdom
Feudal duties
Avera and inward
Socage
Scutage
Feudal aid
Scot and lot
Homage in the Middle Ages
Homage (from Medieval Latin hominaticum, lit. "pertaining to a man") in the Middle Ages was the ceremony in which a feudal tenant or vassal pledged reverence and submission to his feudal lord, receiving in exchange the symbolic title to his new position (investiture). It was a symbolic acknowledgement to the lord that the vassal was, literally, his man (homme). The oath known as "fealty" implied lesser obligations than did "homage". Further, one could swear "fealty" to many different overlords with respect to different land holdings, but "homage" could only be performed to a single liege, as one could not be "his man" (i.e., committed to military service) to more than one "liege lord".
There have been some conflicts about obligations of homage in history. For example, the Angevin monarchs of England were sovereign in England, i.e., they had no duty of homage regarding those holdings; but they were not sovereign regarding their French holdings. Henry II was king of England, but he was merely duke of Normandy and Aquitaine and count of Anjou and Poitou. The Capetian kings in Paris, though weaker militarily than many of their vassals until the reign of King Philip Augustus, claimed a right of homage. The usual oath was therefore modified by Henry to add the qualification "for the lands I hold overseas."[1] The implication was that no "knights service" was owed for the English lands.
After King John of England was forced to surrender Normandy to Philip in 1204, English magnates with holdings on both sides of the Channel were faced with conflict. John still expected to recover his ancestral lands, and those English lords who held lands in Normandy would have to choose sides. Many were forced to abandon their continental holdings. Two of the most powerful magnates, Robert de Beaumont, 4th Earl of Leicester, and William Marshal, 1st Earl of Pembroke, negotiated an arrangement with the French king that if John had not recovered Normandy in a year-and-a-day, they would do homage to Philip. At first that seemed to satisfy John, but eventually, as a price for making peace with the French king to keep his lands, Pembroke fell out of favour with John.[2]:103–104
The conflict between the French monarchs and the Angevin kings of England continued through the 13th century. When Edward I of England was asked to provide military service to Philip III of France in his war with Aragon in 1285, Edward made preparations to provide service from Gascony (but not England – he had not done "homage", and thus owed no service to France for the English lands). Edward's Gascon subjects did not want to go to war with their southern neighbours on behalf of France, and they undoubtedly appealed to Edward that as a sovereign, he owed the French king no service at all. A truce was arranged, however, before Edward had to decide what to do. But when Phillip III died, and his son Philip IV ascended the French throne in 1286, Edward dutifully but reluctantly performed "homage" for the sake of peace. In doing so, Edward added yet another qualification – that the duty owed was "according to the terms of the peace made between our ancestors".[3]:321–323
The Roles of Lords, Vassals, and Peasants
Look up homage in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Homage.
Feudalism in the Holy Roman Empire
^ Warren, W.L. (2000) Henry II, Yale English monarchs series, New ed., Yale University Press, ISBN 0-300-08474-9
^ Warren, W.L. (1997) King John, Yale English monarchs series, New ed., Yale University Press, ISBN 0-300-07373-9
^ Prestwich, M. (1997) Edward I, Yale English Monarchs series, Yale University Press, ISBN 0-300-07157-4
t
Imperial election in the Holy Roman Empire
Election:
Designation (Designation)
Election (Königswahl)
Electoral College (Kur)
Homage (Huldigung)
Spiritual rites:
Anointing (Salbung)
Coronation (Krönung)
Coronation Service (Krönungsordo)
Imperial Itinerary (Königsumritt)
This page was last edited on 1 October 2020, at 15:48


Six people were arrested after a fourteen-year-old was hospitalized for meth usage.
On July 11th Huntingburg police were dispatched to a scene of a 14 year old juvenile who was suspected to be under the influence of methamphetamine. Police located the juvenile who was then transported to a hospital. The next day a detective with the Huntingburg Police and local area narcotics officers started the investigation. Officers discovered that several adults were contributing drugs to the 14 year old and that two adult males had a sexual relationship with the juvenile.
Police served warrants and arrested 6 individuals from Huntingburg in connection with their ongoing investigation.
26 year old Leonel Hernandez is facing a level five felony count of contributing to the delinquency of a minor and a level 4 felony charge of child molestation.
39 year old Cassandra Cole is facing level 5 and level 6 felony counts of neglect of a dependent.
24 year old Trisha Kendall is charged with a level 5 felony count of contributing to the delinquency of a minor.
Chelsea Mattingly is facing a level 5 felony count of contributing to the delinquency of a minor.
22 year old Jessica Adams is charged with a level 5 felony count of contributing to the delinquency of a minor.
All suspects have been booked into the Dubois County Security Center.
This investigation is ongoing and more details will be released as they become available.
Be the first to comment on "SIX ARRESTED AFTER 14 YEAR OLD HOSPITALIZED FOR METH"


I'm a Web Developer from the Czech Republic, currently part of eBay's EU WebDev team. In my spare time, I'm learning German and keeping up with the ever changing landscape of the web industry.
February 2015I came out of university with a degree which allowed me to hold elaborated discourses with anyone willing to listen at the local pub, but which proved rather difficult to helping me land a job. Working in Data Management in SAP was the first step to a remedy. However, after learning the ins and outs of the job, the tasks became very monotonous and repetitive. During a brief mid-life crisis in my mid-twenties, I discovered coding.
March 2016After a year of intensive code learning in any spare moment I had, I decided to leave SAP. I wanted to be coding full-time and knew that I needed more experience. Fortunately, my father was imprudent enough to entrust me with building a web presence for his small business, Auto Caravan Sport. I found myself applying my learned design and UX principles to a real project. I was writing for-production code and dealing with various browser quirks. Internet Explorer began to haunt my dreams.
July 2017I am currently part of eBay's EU WebDev team. Since I started at eBay, I have grown and matured considerably as a developer. I enjoy learning from my colleagues and from the problems we face. Good coding practices, user experience, and accessibility are always our top priority and, in the spirit of "good developers are lazy developers", we have been working on tools to simplify and automatize our tasks. In the meantime, I am currently catching up with the latest JS frameworks.


text:
Hillary Clinton reveals the 'gutsiest' thing she's ever done
October 1, 2019 | 11:00am
Hillary Clinton said in a TV appearance Tuesday that her "gutsiest" personal accomplishment was not leaving her husband. "I think the gutsiest thing I've ever done — well, personally —...
Lara Spencer apologizes on 'GMA' for Prince George ballet dance joke
August 26, 2019 | 11:05am
"I screwed up," she said.
Taylor Swift's famous friends support her at 'GMA' concert
August 22, 2019 | 12:02pm
Tiffany Haddish, Todrick Hall and "Bachelorette" Hannah Brown all flocked to Central Park on Thursday morning.
Watch: Taylor Swift's Central Park concert whips 'Calm' fans into frenzy
August 22, 2019 | 9:48am
Calm down? Please.
Cameron Boyce's parents had 'no indication' something was wrong before his death
"I mean there was no way to know in hours my son would be dead," says Victor Boyce, Cameron's father.
Meghan Markle's bestie Jessica Mulroney to help Vegas brides for 'GMA'
August 3, 2019 | 2:57pm
She's been dispatched to Las Vegas to turn fairy godmother and supersize some brides' big days.
Woman throws thousands of birthday parties so kids in need 'know love'
July 29, 2019 | 12:12pm
"Everybody deserves to know love," Megs Yunn says.
'GMA' co-host Sara Haines welcomes third child
June 27, 2019 | 9:44am
"Let the sleep deprivation begin!!"
Tom Holland cancels 'GMA' due to illness, fans express concern
June 25, 2019 | 1:44pm
The actor was scheduled to promote his film "Spider-man: Far From Home" on Tuesday.
Teen who lost leg in shark attack begged God to let her live
The North Carolina teen who lost her leg and two fingers in a brutal shark attack recalled every moment of the horrifying incident — and her desperate prayers for her...
Taylor Swift reveals new album, 'Lover' cover art and release date
You need to calm down — Taylor Swift officially announced her new album. "Lover," her seventh full-length release, is coming out Aug. 23. Swift also announced that the second single...
De Blasio's 2020 bid off to rocky start as protesters swarm GMA interview
Bill de Blasio's first interview as a presidential candidate was marred on Thursday by protesters chanting "Liar!" and "Can't run the city! Can't run the country!" throughout the live segment....
De Blasio to announce 2020 bid on 'Good Morning America'
Mayor Bill de Blasio will appear on "Good Morning America" Thursday, where he's expected to officially announce his quixotic run for the White House. He will then travel to Iowa...
K-Pop group BTS packs Central Park for 'GMA' summer series launch
May 15, 2019 | 10:49am
"Good Morning America" launched its free 2019 Summer Concert Series on Wednesday in Central Park with K-Pop supergroup BTS, and the crowds were predictably massive. Diehard lovers of the Korean...
'Good Morning America' mistakes Regina Hall for Tiffany Haddish
May 7, 2019 | 12:02pm
People on social media caught the error.
Alex Trebek struggling with 'deep sadness' amid cancer battle
May 1, 2019 | 10:03am
The longtime "Jeopardy!" host first revealed his stage 4 pancreatic cancer diagnosis in March.
Pregnant 'GMA' co-host Sara Haines expecting a baby boy
March 19, 2019 | 2:44pm
She announced the news with Maury Povich's help.
Robin Roberts gets 'completely honest' about interview with Jussie Smollett
March 4, 2019 | 2:18pm
"It was one of the most challenging interviews I've ever had to do," she said.
Katy Perry presents the weather in head-to-toe purple
February 27, 2019 | 1:19pm
The star channeled a grape on "Good Morning America."
George Stephanopoulos signs multimillion-dollar, four-year deal at ABC
Sources say that the broadcasting veteran — who's been with the network since 2002 and anchors both "Good Morning America" and Sunday show "This Week" — was heavily courted by...
'Target Tori' receives over $30K in donations after angry customer's tweet	Video shows ex-NBA star beaten, prompting worry among basketball peers	Meghan Markle and Prince Harry's first post-Megxit plans revealed	NYPD officers disciplined for alleged on-the-job bathroom sex romp	Bagging it: Iconic Fairway Market closing all locations


This week marked the 70th birthday of poet and memoirist. In honor of the occasion, we offer this introductory reading guide to her work.
Why would a married woman with a thoroughly Protestant background and often more doubt than faith be drawn to the ancient practice of monasticism, to a community of celibate men whose days are centered on a rigid schedule of prayer, work, and scripture? This is the question that poet Kathleen Norris asks us as, somewhat to her own surprise, she found herself on two extended residencies at St. John's Abbey in Minnesota.
Part record of her time among the Benedictines, part meditation on various aspects of monastic life, The Cloister Walk demonstrates, from the rare perspective of someone who is both an insider and outsider, how immersion in the cloistered world– its liturgy, its ritual, its sense of community– can impart meaning to everyday events and deepen our secular lives. In this stirring and lyrical work, the monastery, often considered archaic or otherworldly, becomes immediate, accessible, and relevant to us, no matter what our faith may be.


Following this dinner, I had a great meal out on Valentine's Day at La Scala. All the way by Penn's landing, and not a BYO, this place has never been considered in our typical search of Italian BYO restaurants in the area. Big mistake it was to overlook such great cuisine, and I had a pappardelle with mushrooms, prosciutto, and peas…first time having pappardelle…as a big fan of thick "chow-fun" noodles, I savored every bite.
In honor of the Italian BYOs that I hold so near and dear to my heart, I visited three most recently that are local favorites amongst Penn kids.
LAST of the BYOs was a farewell to my best friend, Katie, who left for a semester at U. Queensland in Brisbane, Australia last Friday. To send her off well, a bunch of us went to Bistro la Baia with a few key boxes of Franzia. The best part of this meal? With a 9 o'clock reservation, it was 9:30 before we heard the specials, and we were all getting a little antsy for bread. Finally, someone took one for the team to ask when the bread would be delivered, since the pots of oil and vinegar placed 20 minutes prior were starting to make our stomachs scream in hunger. When the reply: "It's in the oven," came, I thought to myself, NFW, they are slicing a baguette from yesterday morning and "toasting it" in the broiler…but boy was I wrong. This bread was so soft, slightly underbaked but with a crisp outer shell encasing this hot goo of carbohydrate chaos. I definitely filled up on 4-5 pieces before attempting my Orecchiette with Sundried Tomatoes and Shrimp; unbuttoning the pants on the way home=necessary.
Though I made it to Friday hoping to get a kickstart on some healthy eating and working out, this was not the case when Raquel came to stay with me. Friday evening, despite making a delicious, but too healthy for the munchies, Kashi pizza with Megan, we decided a proper imbibing and noshing had to occur once Raquel's bus arrived at 9:30.
For this, we went to the City Tap House, a fairly new restaurant on campus with 60 taps of various craft and international beers accompanied by slightly upscale food. While my favorites on the menu include the mussels in white wine/butter broth with grilled focaccia slices, we decided to split a flatbread Parma pizza with sweet potato fries, enjoyed alongside some Original Sin Hard Apple Cider and Rodenbach Grand Cru.
If you've read through all of this, thanks for baring with me on one of the longest posts I have ever written. It was fun to relive this eats, and though they aren't necessarily "healthy," it's always important to indulge. I'll continue to feature some of my favorite eats as I continue to experience Philly primarily via my taste buds.
When my bank account hit dangerously close to cero most recently, this piece serves as my answer to the question, "Where's all your money going, anyway? Are you doing drugs or something?!?!?" If by drugs you mean luscious, gourmet food…then yes, consider me a full-fledged junkie.


text:
Why kevin believes this is the best course he's purchased
Name: Kevin Statom
Level: Making Money
Niche: Chiropractic
Location: Ashland, United States
Before joining Consulting Accelerator Kevin had been in other programs and after joining Sam's program he appreciates the very methodical and helpful approach of running a Consulting business that Sam lays out.
Hey, my name's Kevin . I'm from Ohio. I just wanted to give my review for Sam Ovens, "Consulting Accelerator" program. It's been an absolutely phenomenal program. I've done other programs looking at how to make money with consulting online, internet marketing, and a lot of times when you're going through programs you always get to a point where you feel like they've left stuff out. So I've spent a lot of money, then it's like, "Oh no, you need to go buy this other thing. You need to do this other thing." But going through Sam's course, he is so methodical that it's amazing. He just lays out everything, stuff that you wouldn't even think about has put in the course and it's been utterly amazing for helping you clarify your niche, your offer, how to go out and reach customers and sell to them. So it's just been an utterly amazing program. I can't recommend it highly enough. So if you're on the fence or you're looking at this video, definitely jump in, it's one of the best things you're going to do. Take care.


text:
December 31, 2015 2015 Top 20 Singles Leave a comment 2015fixationsfixersgardens & villamiracle fortressmusicpanda bearthe beach boyswaxahatchee
[18] Gardens & Villa, 'Fixations'
In good news for The Go! Team, Junior thinks this should be 19 and Waxahatchee should be 20. In faint praise news for Gardens & Villa, she likes the end of this song, but she does manage a grin at the solo.
And in not sure if it's good or bad news, she also reckons this is "a bit Beach Boys?" Hands up, that's obviously why I like it. It's also why I like Fixers, Miracle Fortress, Panda Bear, ad infinitum through the harmony glass.
December 14, 2012 December 14, 2012 2012 Top 20 Singles Leave a comment 2012animal collectivechris martinfixersiron deer dreammusicscouting for girlsthe beach boystop 20 tracks
[13] Fixers, 'Iron Deer Dream'
The lyrics are no less rhyming-dictionary than Chris Martin's worst un-excesses, but Fixers just seem to have better source material. Yeah, generally it's The Beach Boys. "Waikiki" sounds a bit Beach Boys.
Only kidding. Absolutely everything about this sounds like The Beach Boys except for the bits that sound like Animal Collective trying to sound like The Beach Boys. All this is catnip to me. But it's only at 13 because sometimes – particularly when I'm playing along on my air piano, like I did here – a dark thought will rear up that 'Iron Deer Dream' could be a good Scouting For Girls song. I know that's a concept beyond natural brain patterns, but there it is. It's out there.
With no such listening parameters or prejudices, Junior says she likes it. She likes "the noise". We agree it's quite dense, the inevitable result of splurging all your best choruses on one song.
https://jukeboxjunior.files.wordpress.com/2012/12/03-iron-deer-dream.mp3
May 10, 2011 November 27, 2011 Dig The New Breed Leave a comment 2011adelefive rosesgraham van peltin rainbowsjukebox jurylcd soundsystemmiracle fortressmiscalculationsmusicprinceradioheadraw spectaclesound of silverthe beach boyswas i the wave
Miracle Fortress, 'Miscalculations'
In Rainbows and Sound Of Silver were all well and good, but the best album of 2007 was, of course, Miracle Fortress's Five Roses. The Canadian Prince Rogers Nelson – as no one has called him until now – Graham Van Pelt did it all himself, lovingly concocting a modern Beach Boys album set to shimmering bucolia (you know what I mean, sounds like a heat-hazed summer meadow) with, improbably, a devastating hook in every song. It was almost too perfect to sell. So it didn't.
Four long years later, only endured by playing Five Roses at least once a week, Van Pelt is back with a new album Was I The Wave? that looks set to make a mockery of Adele's chart feats. It's a rather more electronic affair that I'll be reviewing for millions of pounds in the next day or so, and 'Miscalculations' is the killer single. Actually, 'Raw Spectacle"s the single – or "free download", to give it its accurate title – but Van Pelt should see sense soon enough. You see, it had Junior doing a spontaneous hula dance which, as we've seen over the last five years, is the interpretive equivalent of holding up a card marked 'Hit'. And about as successful as Jukebox Jury predictions ever were too. Hit!
https://jukeboxjunior.files.wordpress.com/2011/05/08-miscalculations.mp3
December 13, 2010 December 13, 2010 2010 Top 20 Singles Leave a comment arcade fireinspiral carpetsmusicregine chassagneroald dahlthe beach boysthe doorsthe suburbswe used to waitwin butleryou need a mess of help to stand alone
[10] Arcade Fire, 'We Used To Wait'
How good it was to see the return of Win Butler and his cheery "You spilled my pint and I will have my revenge by means of snide humiliation" countenance. Just when you think you might be overwhelmed by the bombastic brilliance of the occasional Arcade Fire anthem, there's always time to remember what a boorish bunch of curmudgeons lurks behind the highs. Not you though, Regine, you seem nice. It's Regine too who comes up with the high here, sustaining the chorus refrain as cuddly Win goes off on his tangent. Elsewhere, 'We Used To Wait' is rather trim for an epic, vamping hard on the piano, initially threatening to turn into The Beach Boys' 'You Need A Mess Of Help To Stand Alone' and introducing some hammond swirls that were probably intended to be a bit Doors but end up being a lot Inspirals. It's a brooding set of thrills that tower over a largely forgettable (and perplexingly highly rated in year-end lists) album.
In tune with the jolly atmosphere, Junior looks glum and determined to read her Roald Dahl books instead.
https://jukeboxjunior.files.wordpress.com/2010/12/13-we-used-to-wait.mp3
July 13, 2010 2000s Top 50 Singles Leave a comment 2000sadobeanimal collectivemusicmy girlsnoughtiespanda bearthe beach boystop 50 singles
[15] Animal Collective, 'My Girls'
Equally lauded and disparaged across the blogosphere – well, perhaps not equally, but loud voices on either side – the standout single of 2009 features Animal Collective marrying their yen for somewhat flat Beach Boys harmonies with an evolving brash electronica to muddle out a dance music you couldn't possibly cut a rug to, but which sounds like a rave nonetheless. I'm particularly drawn to Panda Bear's tribute to his girls, having three (count 'em, THREE) little daughters of my own, and find the dense trippiness of the whole endlessly uplifting.
Still none the wiser about "Adobe slabs".
Junior says: "The beat makes my eyes blink like this," followed by furious fluttering of eyelids. It's like a natural strobe.
Best bit: The delayed arrival of bass. We're still not really dancing, but think it can't be far off.
https://jukeboxjunior.files.wordpress.com/2010/07/02-my-girls.mp3
December 24, 2009 December 24, 2009 2009 Top 20 Singles 2 Comments 2000s2009adobeanimal collectivefrankie knucklesgrizzly bearmerriweather post pavilionmusicmy girlsnoughtiesorbitalpanda bearprimary coloursthe beach boysthe horrorstop 50 singlestwo dancersveckatimestwild beasts
[1] Animal Collective, 'My Girls'
For all its ecstatic brilliance, it's annoying that I've known what the single of the year is for most of 2009. But it seemed so obvious when I heard it. I hadn't been expecting truly great things from Animal Collective – maybe more of the same quirky pop, bellowed harmonies, abstract lyrics and squelchy textures – so when they came up with this dense, sticky, Beach Boys rave track that actually seemed to be about something (Panda Bear's kids and – erm – Adobe slabs), it was as welcome as a fat cheque on a… well, right about now, please.
It's struck me that I might simply be a sucker for this because I have daughters (and everyone likes to think that song is about them, don't they? Don't they?), but listen to those Frankie Knuckles-nabbing synths and the slow introduction of the bass that makes it sound like Orbital – and then the steady rise and layering of the sonics, the two different hooks that could stand as a chorus. And the "Woo!"s. Your hands are in the air, aren't they?
On this play, Junior pranced like a deer from kitchen to living room, but she's been tuned into 'My Girls' all year, along with its album Merriweather Post Pavilion, a mainstay of the car in 2009 – and probably the album of the year too. The Horrors' one was good too, mind you. And Grizzly Bear's. And Wild Beasts'.
We're not going to do an album chart though. We're going to do the Top 50 Best Singles of the 2000s, and we'll start next week. Merry Christmas, all you cats.
I don't mean to seem like I care about material things…
January 14, 2009 August 5, 2016 The Daily Planet 3 Comments 2008christine mcviedaily planetfleet foxesfleetwood macjohn mcvielindsey buckinghammusicstevie nicksthe beach boysthe byrdswhite winter hymnalzz top
Fleet Foxes, 'White Winter Hymnal'
Another one that narrowly missed our 2008 chart, finishing around 23. It's a gorgeous song, but that's not enough, is it? It needs to be a single – not just a single – and this feels like part of an album. If that doesn't make any sense, stick it on my list of hang-ups.
So, beards in popular music: do they make better harmonies? I'm thinking later Byrds, Fleetwood Mac (ok, maybe not Stevie and Christine, but who knows what Lindsey Buckingham and John McVie were trying to hide?), The Beach Boys in transcendental mode, erm, ZZ Top? Well, it has the doings of a theory. Fleet Foxes' debut – an album of the year in all the likely places – is glazed in harmony, and nowhere is the melding of hirsute voice more lovely than on 'White Winter Hymnal', with its mercury lyrics ("scarves of red tied 'round their throats/to keep their little heads/from fallin' in the snow," anyone?) and rising/falling chords.
It's a soft hit with Junior who answers my "Do you like it?"s with "Stop talking, Daddy, I'm trying to listen". I shut my trap and the album wanders on, with Junior recognising other tracks and pointing out I play them at home. She's right – it's been one of my favourites too. I'd like to see these bears perform live but I understand you need to be well over six foot to catch a glimpse of them, sitting down strumming their guitars. I'm not that tall yet.
August 11, 2008 August 11, 2008 2001 Top 20 Singles Leave a comment 2001hawaiimanic street preachersmoogmusicnicky wiresean penn mixshowaddywaddyso why so sadthe avalanchesthe beach boys
[5] Manic Street Preachers, 'So Why So Sad (Sean Penn Mix – Avalanches)
Is this really the done thing? Heroes of the year, The Avalanches took the Manics' dreary and slightly odd Showaddywaddyesque plodder and kicked out the stinking chorus, droning Nicky Wire echoed vocal lines, misplaced moog and general sense of melodic dead-end – and replaced all the tired parts with Beach Boys glitter, sun-kissed Hawaiian keyboard strokes and chugging percussion, creating a dizzily gorgeous seaside twilight happy mix. Then they named it after Sean Penn. Pure crazed genius. It's just a pity for the Preachers that these Aussie samplesmiths couldn't be around every day. Pity for us too – think of the records we would have been spared.
Junior stood before me, wielding a plastic sword. That might have been how The Avalanches did it, come to think.
April 28, 2006 January 21, 2011 1999 Top 20 Singles 1 Comment 1999at my most beautifulautomatic for the peoplemusicremshiny happy peoplethe beach boys
[15] R.E.M., 'At My Most Beautiful'
Stipe's weirdo stalker ballad fails to keep Junior on the rug. She's halfway to the plug sockets before she can hear what he leaves on his beloved's answer phone.
This is a gorgeous little tune, with sparing use of strings and Beach Boysesque "doo-doo"s. It even made the Top 10, but who remembers it? R.E.M. still have an impressive hardcore of fans, despite no one being excited about them since Automatic For The People, and they can usually clock up a solid hit per album. They just don't seem to matter much these days. To think, there was a time when half the population was up in arms about 'Shiny Happy People'.
I'm sure their cash keeps them happy, when they're not flinging yoghurt around on aeroplanes.
https://jukeboxjunior.files.wordpress.com/2011/01/at-my-most-beautiful.mp3
February 24, 2006 November 18, 2010 1991 Top 20 Singles Leave a comment 1991a watcher's point of viewbrian wilsonde la souldon't cha thinkhoegaardenmusicpm dawnprince beset adrift on memory blissthe beach boys
[14] PM Dawn, 'A Watcher's Point Of View (Don't Cha Think)'
In the pub last night, I launched a robust Hoegaarden-driven defence of PM Dawn's 'Set Adrift On Memory Bliss', thinking it was coming up next and determined to hold my ground. Now I see I got the wrong song, I withdraw my comments. This was always much better. Junior thought it was ace, running through her full repertoire of shakes, rocks and bounces.
De La Soul crossed with The Beach Boys, that's what they said, near enough. Prince Be was the hip hop Brian Wilson. He certainly carried the ballast.
Pretty, harmony-drenched raps, wordy titles and flaky lyrics only sustained them so long. We didn't hear much from them after '91, although I understand that they recently won some American, dignity-shedding revival contest. Maybe there'll be a new PM Dawn dawn.
https://jukeboxjunior.files.wordpress.com/2010/11/a-watchers-point-of-view-dont-cha-think.mp3


text:
On the nose
Roger Sabin
Beyond the canon
Ally Sloper's Half Holiday was a wonder of populist design.
The Victorian 'funny paper' Ally Sloper's Half Holiday was the sensation of its day. Starring the eponymous Ally Sloper, a conman-cum-tramp with a bulbous nose swollen by alcohol (his name is a pun on sloping down the alleyway to avoid the rent collector, the 'half holiday' the worker's Saturday afternoon off), it was the biggest-selling publication of the 1880s. Why is it worthy of inclusion under the rubric of 'forgotten graphic design classic'? Because in the manner of its presentation it revolutionised the periodical press, and in so doing became the missing link between Punch and The Beano.
Crucial to this process was its relationship to music hall. Due to the way in which it translated the notion of the music hall variety bill on to the printed page, Ally Sloper's Half Holiday gradually became a highly designed item. Over time, different sections were introduced to reflect different kinds of acts: a topical 'whirligig' of the week's events mimicked the opening turn of an MC; a variety of cartoons and comic strips revelling in both verbal and visual humour echoed live sketches; other sections went 'behind the scenes', such as portraits of the glamorous female performers at the mythical 'Friv' (Frivoli Theatre), and mini-biographies of jugglers, comedians, illusionists and the like.
Top and above: two covers from 1896 editions of Ally Sloper's Half Holiday. Though varied, the format changed so little from week to week that the paper became 'the reader's friend', and helped establish a new relationship between and product.
Such a synergy could only have happened at this point in history, for only now were the mass-market leisure industries established: music hall, cigarette smoking, organised sports (especially football), large circulation newspapers and 'penny publications' ('dreadfuls', 'funny papers' and their heirs), and, to an extent, seaside holiday culture. Ally Sloper's Half Holiday commented upon all of these, and was part of the same cultural drive. The preconditions were all in place: a mass working-class audience with money and time to spare, a rising level of literacy, urban growth and concentration, an efficient transport system (to reach those urban centres) and the inclination to use advertising and new technology, particularly in the field of printing.
Although Ally Sloper's Half Holiday was a bit of a mess design-wise when it started – an illogical jumble of strips, cartoons and stories crammed on to the page with no white space – it soon developed an aesthetic of its own. Based on a simple grid, recurring features were repeated week after week – sandwiched between a huge splash illustration of Sloper on the cover, and illustrated adverts at the back.
The magazine capitalised on this regularity by using the year's events as a tag for the humour – the Valentine's Day edition, the Boat Race edition, etc. The character of Sloper was not allowed to go stale, so, for example, he was given a family and a dog, opening the way for a soap opera-like continuity. In other words, at every point the reader knew exactly where they were.
These design features would be plagiarised by the press barons of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, who eventually sealed the fate of Ally Sloper's Half Holiday by producing cheaper products. As for Sloper himself, by 1916 he had been usurped by another king of comedy – Charlie Chaplin.
Sloper is forgotten today. Unlike American and European cartoon characters from a similar period, he has not been kept alive by re-publication. Yet for a brief time, he was the most recognisable fictional character in the Western world, and his publication a design wonder.
First published in Eye no. 68 vol. 17 2008
Eye is the world's most beautiful and collectable graphic design journal, published quarterly for professional designers, students and anyone interested in critical, informed writing about graphic design and visual culture. It is available from all good design bookshops and online at the Eye shop, where you can buy subscriptions and single issues.
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Three new banners accept been added that will be triggered if a abecedarian with a "low" bolt appraisement drops a canyon or INT, aswell if an AI abecedarian with the band brawl affection could cause a band fumble. The new banderole will aswell be triggered if an AI abecedarian with top hit adeptness causes a big hit fumble.Improvements to Madden 18 Coins the gameplay awning the MUT Allure abilities graphics. This will appearance the aspect of the adeptness that is triggered in the abecedarian ring, which will now be allure dejected if it flickers.
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Dead On A Friday is a three piece punk rock band from Queens, NY.
Founded by vocalist/bassist Dave Fox, the current line up features Senator Carl Williams on guitar and Mark Rosen on drums.
Combining the speed and melody of West Coast punk with an East Coast attitude, Dead On A Friday has performed at all of the
notable clubs in New York, including the legendary CBGB's, The Knitting Factory, The Continental, Arlene's Grocery, and The Bitter End. They were also featured in the Fest 15 lineup and have provided tour support for A Wilhelm Scream, The Vibrators, Set Your Goals, The Independents, and many others.
Currently the band is working on their third full length album and is planning the next leg of live shows in between naps.
Copyright © 2022 Dead On A Friday. All rights reserved.
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Golden Electronics ASIAL Grade A1 monitoring centre has been 'graded' by ASIAL to Australian Standard 2201.2.
This Certification is the highest possible security rating and allows Golden Electronics the ability to monitor Government, Councils, Schools, Financial Institutions and critical infrastructure to name a few.
This also allows us to extend the same quality of monitoring and security to private homes and families, with out requiring to enter into a contract or agreement.
Unlike most security companies, we don't outsource your monitoring to the cheapest wholesaler.
We provide a full service in-house so you know that the person you are dealing with is local and Tasmanian.
Our Monitoring Centre is located in Hobart Tasmania and has been officially certified a Grade A1 Monitoring Centre by ASIAL since 1996, the longest Grade A1 Centre in Tasmania.
The ASIAL scheme seeks to provide customers with the reassurance that the standards applied at a monitoring centre are independently audited on a regular basis. It is an unfortunate fact that some monitoring companies are claiming to be graded when in fact this is not correct - we advise customers or consultants to check any such claims. This can be done by either asking the company to produce its certificate (dated certificates are issued, normally with a validity of two years) or by viewing the ASIAL list of the graded centres.


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The Complex Motivations for Migration
Besides economic concerns, migrant workers pursue jobs in cities for myriad reasons.
Guo Yu
2016-06-12 07:01:52 Voices
Guo Yu Sociologist
Guo Yu is a postdoctoral fellow of sociology at Albright College.
Why do migrant workers leave the countryside to work in cities? The answer may seem obvious: to make more money. And yet, the truth is often much more complicated.
I met a 28-year-old migrant worker surnamed Zhang during the 10 months I spent doing field research in factories in China. He once asked me, "Have you ever wondered why I left the countryside to work in the city?"
I wasn't expecting this question from a worker. Actually, the answer seemed so self-evident that I didn't want to bother them with this question. "Isn't it simply to make a living?" Zhang shook his head and responded, "No, I could have made a living in the countryside."
I asked him to elaborate. "We like comparing ourselves with others," he added. "When you see that people in your village make more money in the cities, you want to do the same and make more money, too."
To be honest, I was a little surprised by this. I had always been told that migrant workers were "naturally pulled" to job opportunities in the city since wages there were much higher than in the countryside.
Economic motivations certainly play a role in shaping the decisions of people to migrate, but the stories the workers have to tell about their own experiences are always richer and more complicated.
- Guo Yu, sociologist
As we spoke more, I learned of Zhang's ambivalent attitudes toward modern Chinese society, where everything was measured by money and everyone wanted to be rich.
He told me, "My dream is to drive a Mercedes-Benz around my hometown." But the idea that he might never become one of those people driving luxury cars on the road depressed him. "It was much better when I was little," he said. "Everyone in our village was poor. A family with only 10,000 yuan (around $1,500) was already the richest."
My conversation with Zhang sensitized me to the complicated motivations and values many migrant workers harbor when leaving the countryside to work in cities. Another person I met, Cheng, had similar inspirations. She had come from eastern China's Anhui province to work in a garment factory in suburban Shanghai.
Since her husband was making a fortune in the construction industry, Cheng really didn't need an exhausting, low-paying factory job. But instead of spending her days relaxing at home on the couch, she chose to work.
She told me her various motivations for sticking with the job: her love of the big city — Shanghai — where life was fun and free; the constant feeling of financial insecurity that stemmed from a poor upbringing, which made her feel it always better to have a job; and not wanting to lose touch with wider society.
Her final reason was very touching. Cheng believed that women should have their own ideas and make their own decisions. For her, being able to make just a little money on her own gave her independence from her husband.
Zhang and Cheng's stories are by no means unique. Other rural migrant workers I met during my fieldwork also gave nuanced explanations for their migration choices. One of the prominent ones that many migrants cited was getting away from the overly tight social networks that the countryside fosters.
Guo, a 54-year-old garment factory worker, explained to me: "When I first came to Shanghai, the wage was even lower than what was paid by the factories in my hometown. In Shanghai, higher wages come from longer working hours, and so the hourly rate is actually lower. But the problem with hometowns is all the events you have to attend."
"Whenever something happens to someone in the village, you need to be there to support them," she said. "Constantly taking leave from work means fewer hours on the job, and less pay at the end of the month. But if you don't go, the villagers will criticize you and not be there for you when you need them."
However, when working out of the province, it is only expected that you return to the village when something happens to your family. You no longer have to leave work for every social event — like weddings or funerals — simply because you are too far away.
The workers' motivations for migration varied from person to person. Some came for fun — gallivanting across the country with their friends — and didn't settle down until they got married and started a family. Some came for experience: They were attracted to the opportunities in a big, modern city. And some came out of ambition — wanting to accumulate some capital and social connections in order to start their own business. Many even came for no particular reason and had simply followed the lead of others in their village.
I once read an inspiring social psychology paper written by Chip Heath, a business professor at Stanford. The study found that we tend to see other people's behaviors as being motivated by the basic needs of physical fulfillment, security, and belonging, while we see our own behaviors as being motivated more by the pursuit of learning, aesthetic satisfaction, self-actualization, and transcendence.
The chasm between us and others is even greater, though, when the "others" are social groups that seldom have the chance of making their voices heard — such as rural migrant workers.
Academics and media typically portray rural migrant workers as one-dimensional, trying only to meet their basic needs. But this dehumanizes and collectivizes them — they are no longer people with individual desires and ambitions. The power of false representation and imagination in creating barriers between "us" and "them" should not be underestimated.
Knowing and appreciating the complexities of their considerations helps break the stereotypes we have of the rural migrant worker. It also helps us better reflect upon our own migratory choices.
What are your considerations when you decide to job-hop, move to another city, or go abroad to work or study? The moment we realize the complexities in our own decisions, which are often not solely for economic purposes, we should also remember that rural migrant workers share the same degree of humanity and agency in their life choices.
(Because all interviews with migrant workers were intended for academic purposes, no full names are reproduced here.)
(Header image: Construction workers take a walk in Shanghai's financial district during their lunch break, Shanghai, July 23, 2012. Carlos Barria/Reuters)


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Malachi Richardson, Chris Boucher and Jordan Loyd lead Raptors 905 to a record-breaking win
The Raptors 905 hosted an 11 a.m. school day game Tuesday morning and rewrote the record books in the process of earning a 42-point win over the Erie BayHawks.
Malachi Richardson (@Raptors905) https://images.daznservices.com/di/library/NBA_Global_CMS_image_storage/c1/59/malachi-richardson-3-pointer-111318-ftr-raptors905-tw_1s25fgcv70cu619b81x2wnaw9z.jpg?t=238354519&w=500
With the Raptors 905 hosting their first school day game of the year Tuesday morning, it was only right that they put on a clinic.
The team advanced to 4-1 on the season by defeating the Erie BayHawks 145-103, leading by as many as 55 points in a win in which there were a number of eye-popping stats.
The 905's 145 points are a new franchise record - breaking the previously-held record of 136. The team also set a new franchise record by scoring 80 points in the first half to take a 44-point lead into the break.
While the 905 sank 21 of their 49 3-point attempts (42.9 percent), the BayHawks connected on just 10 of 37 attempts (27.0 percent). 10 of the 905's 21 made 3-pointers came in the first quarter as they led 45-18.
It was a big day for the three players that will also spend time with the Toronto Raptors this season: Guard Malachi Richardson, whose G League assignment was announced this morning, led all scorers with 34 points (on 8-for-15 3-point shooting).
Career-highs today for @raptors assignee @KingMali23!
8 3PM
👀 the BEST from the @Cuse_MBB alum in today's @Raptors905 W! pic.twitter.com/sO6ej0YbNZ
- NBA G League (@nbagleague) November 13, 2018
Two-way players Chris Boucher (27 points, nine rebounds, six blocks) and Jordan Loyd (25 points, seven assists) also delivered big scoring performances in the win.
While Richardson's 25 first-half points tied Norman Powell's franchise record for points in a half, his 34 points were two shy of the franchise record for points scored in a regular season game (held by Powell and Lorenzo Brown). Richardson fell two made 3-pointers shy of the single game franchise record of 10 3-pointers set by Brady Heslip as well.
Led by 10 assists from point guard Kay Felder, the Raptors 905 assisted on 32 of their 45 field goals. The 5-foot-9 Felder also finished with 16 points on 6-for-10 shooting from the field, including a big dunk down the lane.
.@2kayzero is listed at 5'9" pic.twitter.com/0X09lwRtW0
- Raptors 905 (@Raptors905) November 13, 2018
The Raptors 905 take the floor again Thursday when they travel to take on the Maine Red Claws, the G League affiliate of the Boston Celtics.


Starting July the 1st until August 31st (both included) the Mercat will be opened for direct sales on Monday's, Wednesday's and Friday's from 9 to 1 A.M.
The major nursery production companies in Barcelona have held a new edition of the Viridalia event during the past 3, 4 and 5 of June. During three open days horticulture professionals have had a chance to visit these companies and displays with their latest product news.
These companies are Aldrufeu & Associates, Barberet & Blanc, Grup Roig, Le Petit Géant, Planteles Lloveras, Plantinova, Riera Villagrasa and Syngenta FloriPro Services.
This years' edition has proven Viridalia to be a benchmark of quality and a commitment by these companies to show and offer their products, service and capacity for innovation. Furthermore, it is also a meeting point and a social event that attracts visitors from all over the world.
The Nursey Growers Association of Barcelona (AAVB) is responsible for organizing and coordinating the Viridalia event. The AAVB is the business association for ornamental plant producers, providing technical service, sales promotion, information or training to more than a hundred companies in the Barcelona area.
The Association is linked to several national and international industry organizations.


The "Exclusive Food GmbH" is supported by a team of natural scientists with a distinguished reputation and comprehensive expertise in the areas of production, Research & Development of raw materials for the food industry (oils, fats, and food additives).
Furthermore the Management has a decade-long experience in sales & marketing especially in the sector "life science" which covers the market segments Food, Pharma, and Cosmetics.
The "Exclusive Food GmbH" has a worldwide network of cooperation partners which enables us to carry out adequate controls at the production site (audits) of our suppliers and, based on our consultancy work, to optimize production processes and the related product quality.
Because of the importance of several product areas and our high quality standards we have decided to market several food products under our own brand name.
These include products on coconut basis, for example our organic virgin coconut oil "Cocos Oil1®" and the organic olive oil "Oliva1®".
We are permanently looking for exclusive foods and we will continuously expand our product portfolio. Following the principle of "quality instead of quantity" we always focus our view on the exclusivity and the high quality of our sales products.
Of course we are also pleased about requests from producers, which intend to position exclusive products in our web shop.
In case of interest don't hesitate to contact us.


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fi

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curl -H "Accept: application/json; indent=4" -H "Content-Type: application/json" -u $AUTH -X PUT -d "$DATA" $HOST/api/tenant/cord/subscriber/$SUBSCRIBER_ID/


CAIRO – 26 August 2018: Millions of euros were allocated to fund Egypt's plans to improve its metro network that consists of six lines connecting stations across Greater Cairo, comprising Cairo, Giza and Qalyubia, with a total distance of about 3,232 square kilometers.
According to Egypt's Official Gazette on Saturday, President Abdel Fatah al-Sisi approved a €100 million deal (LE 2.077 billion) between the Egyptian government and the European Bank for Reconstruction and Building (EBRD) to improve the Egyptian metro service.
Sisi approved the deal signed in late 2015 to allow the purchase of 13 locomotives for line number two of the Cairo Metro connecting Giza's al-Munib district to Qalyubia's Shubra al-Kheima with 18 stations in between.
A locomotive is a rail vehicle placed at the front or at the rear or at both ends of the train. It is responsible for providing the train with the motive power required.
Moreover, the bank is set to fund Egypt with €2.96 million (LE 61.4 million) in mutual technical cooperation, according to the Gazette. This fund is not part of the €100 million deal.
In details, €2 million will be allocated to support the feasibility study carried out to establish the 24 km fifth metro line that connects 17 stations. The Gazette also mentioned that €350,000 will fund Egypt's Land Transport Regulatory Commission, while €250,000 will be given to the Egyptian Company for Metro Management and Operation.
The rest of the €2.96 million fund will be allocated to support Egyptian efforts aiming to improve the metro service, helping the country prepare gender equality studies, consider people with special needs, and empower youth.
Signing a deal with South Korea's Hyundai Rotem, Egypt's National Authority for Tunnels will receive 32 air conditioned trains for the third and fourth metro lines which are under construction.
Minister of Transportation Hisham Arafat said that the deal is worth €317.8 million (LE 6.6 billion) in addition to LE 640 million (€30.8 million). Arafat added that the first four trains will be received by the end of 2019, and one train per month will be received after that.
Arafat said that the contract between the two entities is for 76 months, adding that the interest rate of the credit line is 0.1 percent and will be re-paid in 33 years with a grace period of 20 years.
According to Arafat, the third metro line covers a distance of 17.7 kilometers, connecting 15 stations, while the first and second parts of the fourth line cover a distance of 11.5 kilometers, connecting 10 stations.
Earlier in August, a €205 million (LE 4.26 billion) deal has been inked between the Egyptian government and EBRD to renovate the first line of the Cairo Metro.
Inaugurated in 1987, the first metro line is the oldest metro established in Egypt. The line runs from El-Marg located in the north-east of Cairo to Helwan, south of Cairo.
In July, the Ministry of Transportation announced an urgent and comprehensive plan worth billions of pounds to develop and upgrade the infrastructure of the subway system in Cairo.
The plan directs a great deal of attention to raising the efficiency of the oldest metro line. The cost of renovation works on the line is estimated at LE 32 billion.
In a press statement, the ministry explained in details the development plan, which will include replacing old electrical systems with new ones, installing new lighting systems to guarantee safe operation, manufacturing 52 new trains, renewing 23 other trains and setting new ticket booths.
The statement further noted the accomplished tasks of the plan list, adding that 20 new trains were imported and entered into service, while 32 others out of the 52 train package are still in the manufacturing process. A total of 850 ticket booths were already installed in April.
In March 2017, the metro fare increased from a flat fee of LE 1 ($0.056) that had been set for 11 years, to LE 2, regardless of the number of stations travelled. It is the first fare rise during President Sisi's term.
Last June, Arafat announced raising metro fare to LE 3, 5, and 7 based on the number of stations travelled.
The metro ticket price hike came after the underground subway system incurred financial losses worth millions of pounds, which had resulted in poor maintenance on the second and third lines, according to the Ministry of Transportation.
In this regard, Arafat said that the metro ticket price hike is essential to finance and upgrade the infrastructure of the metro's first line, which needs LE 30 billion ($1.68 billion) for renovation, and to implement the development plan for Cairo's underground metro.
He added that it also aims to cover the losses of the underground, and despite the increase in ticket prices, the state still subsidizes the metro ticket and bears LE 9 ($0.5) of the actual price of each ticket, so that citizens can get access to any station for LE 7 ($0.4), while the fair value of the ticket is LE 16 ($0.9).


It can be said that the use of ecstasy reflected a sign of the times during the 1990s. The era was famous for its raves and long, late night parties. For those club kids and members of Generation X, taking a failed psychotherapeutic drug known officially as MMDA (3-methoxy-4,5-methylenedioxyamphetamine; 3-methoxy-MDA) was the way to get through the night. MMDA would be given the nickname ecstasy because of the intense euphoria it was known to bring out in its users.
While the drug does deliver positive sensations, it does so with a price. Namely, when you use ecstasy, you are running the risk of an overdose. The effects of an ecstasy overdose can be dire.
MMDA has been around for many decades and was once considered a viable therapeutic drug to be used in clinical psychology. In the 1970s, the drug was considered a revolutionary cure for depression since it elevates and improves mood. In time, it was realized that the drug has far too many troubling side effects and is now listed as a Schedule I narcotic. Shockingly, this amphetamine based drug is still undergoing clinical studies to evaluate its legitimate use in psychiatry.
In the 1980s, the drug began to become popular for recreational use. In the 1990s, it hit its apex of popularity and became the definitive drug of the rave culture. This is because the euphoria produced a sense of intimacy among people and also aided in reducing negative thoughts and feelings.
However, ecstasy also comes with the various common risks associated with other amphetamines and psychedelic drugs. Among those risks would be the potential for an ecstasy overdose.
Ecstasy is commonly taken in tablet form. Roughly one million new users will try ecstasy in a single year. A certain percentage will become frequent users. Since the drug is taken orally in the form of a tablet or pill, it can be easy to consumer too much of the drug without really knowing so. This is because no one can be completely sure about the number of milligrams of MMDA are in a particular tablet. Often, the disorientation and confusion one may feel due to using the drug can lead to taking too many of the pills. This sets the stage for an ecstasy overdose.
The first common sign of an overdose would be to be overcome with a serious sense of nausea. The person may or may not vomit but the feeling of nausea will remain extremely problematic and even panic inducing.
Similarly, muscle cramps may occur. This can be very physically discomforting and make the person experiencing such cramps can also create a sense of panic since the already disoriented person might not know what is causing such physical issues. Those that are overdosing on ecstasy will also discover they cannot urinate. This can contribute to cramps and other adverse health reactions.
Since this is a drug that can can have hallucinatory effects, a person can become overwhelmed psychologically and potentially have a delusional reaction. The chances of this occur when too much of the drug is being taken by an user. Once again, it is not uncommon users make this mistake because they become unaware of how much of the drug they are taken due to the confusion the drug creates.
It is not out of the question that a person could pass out and become unconscious due to an overdose. Once unconscious, a person is vulnerable to all manner of potential injuries and threats.
Among the most serious adverse reactions would be the drug causes the body to stop sweating. This leads into another symptom which would be an extreme rise in body temperature. This is extremely dangerous because the excess body temperature could lead to organ damage or death. There have been numerous cases of users dying from an overdose of ecstasy. So, it is not impossible to risk a fatality when using this drug.
To avoid suffering from an ecstasy overdose, it is best to cease the use of the drug. The best way to do this would be to seek treatment from a reliable rehab facility that can offer the appropriate care.