Wireless networks are everywhere; they are widely available, cheap, and easy to setup. To avoid the hassle of setting up a wired network in my own home, I chose to go wireless. After a day of enjoying this wireless freedom, I began thinking about security. How secure is my wireless network? I searched the Internet for many days, reading articles, gathering information, and participating on message boards and forums. I soon came to the realization that the best way for me to understand the security of my wireless network would be to test it myself. Many sources said it was easy, few said it was hard.
WPA – WiFi Protected Access – comes in WPA and WPA2, and was created to resolve several issues found in WEP. Both provide you with good security; however, they are not compatible with older devices and therefore not used as widely. WPA was designed to distribute different keys to each client; however, it is still widely used in a (not as secure) pre-shared key (PSK) mode, in which every client has the same passphrase.
It's all in the packets. The bottom line is – while you may be able to employ several security features on your WLAN – anything you broadcast over the air can be intercepted, and could be used to compromise the security on your network. If that frightens you, start stringing wires throughout your home.
My wireless network was powered by a Linksys WRT54G v6 wireless router; It is well known that this model is the most widely used wireless router. Out of the box, the Linksys router came with 1 CD which was nothing more than a visual step by step, what you should do to connect it.
A few things concern me with this router. There was no part in the setup that allowed me, or even told me to change my router's default password. To change the password, I had to go into the router's web-based setup utility; this was accessible via the IP address 192.168.1.1 in my Internet browser. The default username and password was admin. If someone was able to compromise the security on my network, they could have easily done this for me; and locked me out of my own network. Sure, I could have performed a hard reset on the router, but I'd have little luck without the Internet or any documentation to help.
If you're looking to find your default username and password, there is quite a comprehensive list located at www.phenoelit.de My advice is to change this immediately, for it may save you some trouble down the road.
Being my first time, I decided to go easy; I set my router up with a basic WEP 64 encryption; it required a 10 digit hex key. I entered the key into the 2 other computers in my home, and I was ready to start.
Out of everything I've experienced over the last couple weeks, this was the hardest obstacle, by far. I started with a Dell Latitude C610 notebook with a Linksys WPC54GS Wireless-G notebook adapter (Broadcom chipset) running Windows XP Pro; looking back, it was a bad choice.
When selecting hardware, be warned, not all network cards are the equal. It turns out that nearly 99% of the software used to crack network keys are not compatible with notebook cards that have a Broadcom chipset; the ones that were just didn't work.
9 out of every 10 articles I read boasted the Orinoco Gold PCMCIA network card by Lucent was the absolute best pick and most compatible will all the good software. A trip to E-Bay, $30 later, and I was ready.
All the best programs are made for Linux; windows is certainly a drag when it comes to WLAN penetrating software, but if you don't have Linux, don't be too concerned.
It may be in your best interest to invest in a wireless card that has an external antenna jack. The Orinoco Gold WNIC I purchased has one, but since I'm compromising my own network in a short range, it won't be necessary.
There are hundreds of applications you can use to do a variety of things with wireless networks. The largest list of software, that I came across, can be found at Wardrive.net. The term "wardriving" is more commonly used for this practice, and involves driving around neighborhoods to look for wireless networks. I refuse to use this term because that is not what I am doing; I am sitting in my home testing the vulnerabilities of my own network.
Let it be known, that it is not illegal to use software to detect the presence of wireless networks; however, if you crack the network and start "stealing" bandwidth, you could be in a world of trouble. Especially if you're in Singapore.
Once I received my Orinoco card, I began re-installing software which did not previously work with my Linksys card. It was a nightmare; Windows XP kept getting in the way, software that had been moded to run on windows required daunting tasks for installation, some programs simply didn't work, some required special run time modules to be installed.
After nearly 48 hours of time-wasting, aggravating, disappointment; I came across the answer. A small penguin shone a beam of light upon my browser and blessed me; I found Auditor.
Auditor Security Collection is a self booting Linux-based CD that comes pre-loaded with all the best security software for auditing a system. It comes in a .ISO file that can be downloaded from remote-exploit.org; the ISO image file is roughly 649 Mb, and can be burned to a CD or DVD using most CD/DVD writing utilities.
It was truly amazing; a simple check in the Bios of the laptop to set the boot order to CD/DVD first, a slip of the Auditor CD, and a press of the power button was all it took. I was ready. Be not afraid of this Linux-based CD; everything is laid out on a GUI and all commands have "shortcuts" linking to them on a desktop similar to a windows environment.
Auditor Security Collection does not touch a single file on your hard drive. All files used and saved in the ASC are stored in your notebook's RAM; once you remove the CD and reboot, everything is exactly as it was.
If you've come this far, believe me, you're doing well. The first step is to find the network you want to penetrate. As there are a variety of apps that allow you to do this, we will be focusing in on the 2 most popular: Netstumbler, and Kismet.
Netstumber - is a widely popular tool used for detecting 802.11a/b/g wireless networks. The latest version is Netstumbler 0.4.0, and will run in Windows XP. For compatible hardware and requirements, you can check the read me on the Netstumbler forums; or you could just try it. I'd like to point out that many sources have said the Linksys WPC54G/S WNIC does not work with Netstumbler; however, I have been able to make it work by launching the program, then removing and re-inserting the WNIC. The Orinoco Gold works fine with Netstumbler.
Kismet – does a little more than just detecting networks. Aside from providing every detail about a network except the encryption key, Kismet is a packet sniffer and intrusion detection system; we'll get into sniffing packets a little later.
For this demonstration, we'll be using the pre-loaded Kismet on the Auditor Security Collection. After inserting and booting the Auditor CD, I was ready to make sure everything was working properly.
From this point, the first thing that needed to be done was to ensure the wireless card was recognized by Auditor; to do this, you will have to venture into the dark world of the command prompt. In Auditor, the command prompt can be reached by clicking on the little black monitor icon located at the bottom of your screen.
Simply typing in iwconfig will allow you to see all the wireless extensions configured on the machine. If you see a screen full of data next to a WLAN0 or ETH0, you're ready to continue to the next step; otherwise, you will see a list of "no wireless extensions" messages.
Next, you will need to start the Kismet program. You'll initially be prompted to enter a destination to save data to; you can just select the 'desktop' and continue. When Kismet loads, you will see a black screen with green text showing all the wireless networks within you signal range.
Kismet will give you all the information you need to start cracking. Pressing 's' on your keyboard will bring up a "Sort Network" dialogue box. From there you can press any of the desired sorting methods. This step is important as it allows you to select a particular wireless network on a list to view more details. Select your network with the arrow keys and press enter.
Pressing 'x' in Kismet will return you to the previous screen. re-select your target WLAN; then press 'SHFT+C' to bring up a list of associated clients to the Access Point. Write down the MAC address of all clients as it will prove useful.
Capturing packets, also known as packet sniffing, is the process of intercepting and logging traffic passing over a network. As information is sent and received over your wireless network, the software captures every packet to allow you to analyze and decode it.
Capturing network traffic can be a timely process; especially if it is a slow network. With no-one on any computers in my home, I generally capture around 3,000 packets within 5 minutes; with users on the other 2 computers, this number is substantially greater. Don't get confused, it's not the packet itself that we want; but rather the IVs in the packets.
The programs we will be using to sniff packets are Kismet and Airodump (part of the Aircrack Suite). We've already touched Kismet, so lets take a look at Airodump.
Before running Airodump, you must configure your wireless interface to go into 'monitor' mode; the methods to achieve this require you to go back to the command prompt (konsole).
Note that you will have to replace <interface> with the network interface specific to your machine. Using an Orinoco Gold card, my network interface was eth0; but on most machines, it is wlan0 or ath0. So you may have to adjust those commands accordingly. You can find out for sure by simply typing iwconfig.
to capture packets just from my access point - where 00:18:f8:65:fe:41 is the BSSID of the AP.
Airodump looks similar to Kismet, but there are no selectable objects on the screen; it gets right down to it, capturing packets and storing them in the .cap file as defined in the command. You'll notice Airodump keeps a running count of all the packets captured, and better yet, shows you the number of IVs collected.
The hard truth is that you will need to collect nearly 150,000 IVs to crack a 64 bit WEP key, and around 600,000 IVs to crack a 128 bit WEP key. This number varies, but is mostly dependent on how luck you are. If you watch the IV count in Airodump, you'll notice that, under normal circumstances, they do not rise rapidly.
This can cause a problem; particularly if you're as impatient as I am. Let's take a look at some ways we can speed up this process.
Until now, we've been using a method known as a passive attack. A passive attack is basically doing nothing other than passively capturing packets until you have achieved enough data to perform the crack.
Most access points need their client to re-associate after a certain period of time to confirm their connection; therefore, the AP will send out an Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) packet. The ARP packet is unique in that is always addressed to the MAC address FF:FF:FF:FF:FF:FF, usually has a size of 68 bytes, and has the ToDS flag set.
In either case, If Aireplay finds a match to our specifications, it will show you the details of the packet and ask if you would like to replay it. If the details look exactly as shown below, press 'y' for yes.
Aireplay will then begin to replay the packet; if you've found a winning packet, you will notice your packet and IV count in Airodump rise extremely quick. If not, only the packet count in Airodump will rise; If this be the case, press CTRL+C to abort the operation, restart aireplay, and try again.
It has been noted that some routers will detect this erratic behavior and block the MAC address of the WNIC you are using. Adding a -x switch followed by a "replay per second #" will slow down the rate at which Airplay replays these packets.
If your lucky enough, you will have collected enough IVs in little time. For me, it took 28 minutes including booting up, writing down the network specs, and typing all those lengthy commands.
Two of the most popular programs used for actually cracking the WEP key are Airsnort and Aircrack. Airsnort can be used with the .dump files that Kismet provides; and Aircrack can be used with the .cap files that Airodump provides.
Airsnort can be used on it's own without any other software capturing packets; although, it has been reported to be extremely unstable in this state, and you should probably not chance loosing all your captured data. A better method would be to let Airsnort recover the encryption key from your Kismet .dump file. Kismet and Airsnort can run simultaneously.
For this demonstration, we'll be using Aircrack. You can use Airodump to capture the packets, and Aircrack to crack the encryption key at the same time.
The -f switch followed by a number is the fudgefactor; which is a variable that the program uses to define how thoroughly it scans the .cap file. A larger number will give you a better chance of finding the key, but will usually take longer. The default is 2.
The -n switch followed by 64 represents that you are trying to crack a WEP 64 key. I knew because it was a setup; In the real world there is no way to determine what WEP key length a target access point is using. You may have to try both 64 and 128.
The -q 3 switch was used to display the progress of the software. It can be left out altogether to provide a faster crack; although, if you've obtained enough unique IVs, you should not be waiting more than a couple minutes.
A -m switch can be used, followed by a MAC address, to filter a specific AP's usable packets; this would come in handy if you were collecting packets from multiple APs in Airodump.
The same experiment was repeated with WEP 128 and it took about 43 minutes. The reason it was not substantially longer is because I simply let Airplay replay more packets. Sometimes you can get lucky and capture an ARP Request packet within a few minutes; otherwise, it could take a couple hours.
After I had access to the network, many doors opened up. Aside from having access to the Internet, I was able to use Networkview – a network discovery tool – to obtain my network's workgroup name. From there, I had access to all the shared files on my drives.
While I'm no expert in the subject, I can at least assume that many horrible things could happen if the wrong hands were to obtain my WLAN encryption key.
By default, your router may be set to mixed mode; this allows 802.11b and 802.11g devices to access your network. If you use only 802.11g devices, set your router to G-ONLY. Had my router been set this way, I would have never been able to do any of this. The Orinoco Gold card is 802.11b, and is obviously not compatible with a 802.11g network. Many 802.11g cards are not supported by the software we've used in this tutorial, but few are. While your at it, please change your default router username and password.
While I haven't tried my hand at cracking a WPA encryption, the methods are similar when the WLANs use pre-shared keys (psk); I do plan on trying it, and I will surely write an update to let you know how/if it was done.
By no means am I claiming to be an expert in this field; If you've noticed anything that was incorrect or just have something to add, please feel free to drop a comment.


Should We Never Ever Judge?
"Society has taught us to hold into our material possessions, but not to hold on to our babies.
I know, I know, we've all had crying babies before. In fact, I actually like it when my babies have had a good cry (in arms) because I know it's a natural way to release accumulated stress and tension. And, it could have very well been that if the coffee dad had picked up his baby, the baby STILL would have been crying. I know, maybe the dad was exhausted. Maybe he didn't know what to do, etc.
Heck, I bet this guy is a great dad. I bet he takes wonderful care of his baby and is loving and caring…. I got a few positive comments from posting this and a mighty few "Kate, shut the hell up, how DARE you be so judgmental".
I would never judge a person on the colour of their skin, for their looks, personality, disposition, learning abilities or physical disabilities or other traits. I would never judge a person who was stuck in an undesirable situation. In fact, I wasn't actually judging the coffee father so much as judging the whole society and classifying the scenario as a whole system fail. I don't look down on people, I know we're all human. I'm actually a very compassionate and understanding person… but isn't using our judgement part of daily life? Aren't there some things that we SHOULD judge?! Aren't there some actions that should be judged so that they are not repeated again or so that the appropriate action can be taken to fix them?
Would you knowingly let your child into a household that you knew was violent or dangerous? Would you want to help if you knew someone was abusing a child? Do we judge whether certain items, like car seats and baby carriers are safe for our children? We carefully judge which foods to eat and what schools to send our kids to. Do you see what I'm saying? We make judgements all the time!
Could I make a judgement about our society just by observing the actions of that one father? Could I see that the father was probably overwhelmed, under-informed and over tired. Oh yes, yes I could see that! Could I see that living in isolated households with not enough help is a stupid way for the human race to exist? Yes, of course! Could I have judged, by watching that father, holding his coffee and pushing the stroller with a screaming baby, that our society teaches parents to not actually hold babies when they need it the most (for the record, I've seen this scenario way too many times)? The studies are out there, crying babies who are not responded to over a long period of time become stressed. Their bodies make too much cortisol (stress hormone) and it actually inhibits brain development. Certain facts cannot be denied. I'm not talking about the parent who occasionally has to set down a crying baby (perhaps that was what the father with the coffee was doing).
We all do parenting differently and within certain life honoring values, it's all good. But, when I see something that is strongly amiss, is it so bad to shed judgmental light on the issue? Maybe I could have made my statement more positive or more understanding… oops, my apologies!
The funny thing was that a few hours after the scene with the crying infant, I had my own crying child to deal with. We were in a clothing store and my younger daughter, who is just under 2 years old, started screaming while she was being carried around on my husband's back in the baby carrier. I was helping my older daughter pick out some shirts in a store (ah, see how ironic, material things vs. crying babies, that's nearly instant karma for you). My husband took her out of the carrier, and out of the store, but I could still hear her wailing while I tried to help the older one. Eventually, my husband brought her back to me, tears streaming down her face. He was holding her tight and smoothing her hair. He said, "She just needs you." So, I picked her up, I held her tight. I didn't shush her, I didn't distract her, I just held her tight while she sobbed into my shoulder. All the while I was thinking of the crying baby in his stroller from earlier. I was almost wishing this cuddle could be for him and for all the babies who repeatedly don't get a cuddle when they cry. Just remembering how I 'judged' the coffee dad made me hold my little one even tighter. Some people really believe that you don't need to pick up a crying baby AT ALL!
What if someone read my 'judgmental' comment and realised that they actually felt better when they did pick up their baby? Maybe they would realize that the baby books, that say you can spoiling a baby by holding them when they cry, should be thrown out the window? I held her until she stopped crying, after which, she happily hoped down and started playing with the bras on the rack.
So, is there a time and place for us to use appropriate judgement? I'm not talking about doomsday, judgement of God, I'm simply talking about seeing the mistakes made by others and not wanting to repeat them. Can we all take a step back and see that there is a reason for judgment sometimes and that it's not always a personal attack? If we never EVER judge, how would we ever come to our own conclusions about which parenting path to take?
Posted in Baby, crying, Gentle Parenting, Parenting and tagged is it ever ok to judge, is it ok to let a baby cry in their stroller, judging other parents, my baby won't stop crying. Bookmark the permalink.
Fabulous response 🙂 I think text/Facebook statuses can be easily misinterpreted. Way to open up a great discussion. Of course we all make parenting mistakes, but if they constantly get overlooked and no one mentions them in fear of judging, do they then risk become the norm?
Oh yes… crying in the car. If you read some of my posts on crying, you'll see that I'm actually a big fan of allowing babies to have their emotional releases through supported cries. Babies actually need to cry to release their pent up tension. Sometimes, we don't allow babies to cry enough (in arms) and so it all tends to come out in the car. What I've done is make sure of course all their needs have been met, been fed, right temperature, nothing uncomfortable in their clothing, etc. I talk to them, if it's appropriate, but a hand back there occasionally on the little head. I'll stop maybe two or three times to check and make sure everything is really ok, but if the crying continues… what else can you do than just keep going and talking to them to let them know that you hear that they are upset?
I thought the same thing as you when I was Old Navy the other day – waiting in line, when I hear a baby start crying. It was the unmistakable newborn cry, and someone else in line even said so when a boy asked what the sound was (Mom: that's a baby crying. Stranger: a brand new baby!). As I move up in line I notice where the sound is coming from…a stroller a few places behind me. The mom was standing in line looking at all the knick knacks and saying "shhhhhh" while her newborn screamed itself hoarse.
It took everything in my not to ask if she needed me to hold her baby for her (even though there was no discernible reason she couldn't have done it herself). I have a hard time not judging, and an even harder time not imagining that if that was her response in public surrounded my 20 people, what is response at home.
You have my full support. Us gentle approachers need to come across strong too sometimes!! I wonder your approach to crying and sleep then where babies are reliant on the feeding to sleep association. My 9MO has that and wakes frequently. I've tried a few gentle approaches which have worked but my little angel still cries between 4 and 10 times in a night to feed and I've been told I need to break the habit but she goes from crying to hysterical pretty quickly if I try doing anything else (including rocking and especially patting which just stimulates and wakes her more)..


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text:
Gavin Rossdale Takes His and Gwen Stefani's Kids on an Easter Egg Hunt -- See the Pics!
By Alex Ungerman 10:57 AM PDT, March 14, 2016
Time to break out the baskets!
Gavin Rossdale accompanied his three children with Gwen Stefani -- Kingston, 9, Zuma, 7, and Apollo, 2 -- on an Easter egg hunt in Los Angeles on Sunday.
WATCH: Gwen Stefani on Bonding With Blake Shelton Through Heartbreak
Owen Kolasinski/BFA/REX/Shutterstock
The family had fun taking part in the day of egg hunting, sliding, and being drawn by a caricature artist.
The day before, Kingston, Zuma and Apollo attended the Kids' Choice Awards, in support of Stefani's new flame, Blake Shelton, who was hosting the event. In an adorable photo tweeted by their mom, Zuma wears cool glasses and cowboy boots to mark the occasion.
What's up @KCAVote2013 gx pic.twitter.com/ZxaJ1WdAXM
— Gwen Stefani (@gwenstefani) March 13, 2016
WATCH: Gwen Stefani's Sons Attend the Kids' Choice Awards to Support Blake Shelton
Meanwhile, Stefani opened up about her split with ex-husband Rossdale after 12 years of marriage in the New York Times recently, where the 46-year-old singer noted that she was able to bond with Shelton, who was also going through a breakup with Miranda Lambert.
He "had been going through literally the exact same thing in literally the exact same time frame," Stefani shared. "Never in my wildest, craziest dreams would I ever have seen this coming."
Watch the video below.
Gwen Stefani's Sons Attend the 2016 Kids' Choice Awards Hosted by Blake Shelton

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Who is Shashank Singh? Know about Hyderabad's new finisher in Indian T20 League 2022
Shashank Singh: All you need to know about Hyderabad's latest all-rounder in Indian T20 League
The 30-year-old batting all-rounder was acquired by Hyderabad franchise for the base price of INR 20 lakh in the Indian T20 League 2022 mega auction.
Hyderabad all-rounder Shashank Singh hogged the limelight in the ongoing Indian T20 League after he played an impressive cameo against Gujarat at the Wankhede Stadium in Mumbai.
Batting at number seven, Shashank Singh smashed a six-ball 25 to power Hyderabad to a 195/6 in their allotted 20 overs.
The highlight of Shashank's innings was the three sixes that he clobbered off Gujarat fast bowler Lockie Ferguson in the final over of Hyderabad's innings.
Breaking Indian T20 League record on first opportunity
During his impressive knock, the right-handed batter also broke the record for the highest strike rate by an Indian in an Indian T20 League innings (minimum 25 runs).
The 30-year-old Shashank surpassed Balachandra Akhil and Virat Kohli as he scored at a strike rate of 416.67. While Bangalore's Balachandra Akhil had scored a seven-ball 27 at a strike rate of 385.71 against the now-defunct Deccan franchise in 2008, Kohli smashed a seven-ball 25 against Rajasthan at a strike rate of 357.14 in 2019.
Overall, in the Indian T20 League, South Africa all-rounder Chris Morris holds the record while playing for Delhi against the now-defunct Pune franchise. Morris hammered 38 off just nine balls, striking at 422.22.
Interestingly, Mumbai-born Shashank made his Indian T20 League debut against the defending champions Chennai in the 2022 edition at the DY Patil Stadium on April 9.
However, Shashank didn't get to bat in his previous five outings as the Hyderabad top-order has been in scintillating form.
Who is Shashank Singh?
A product of the league cricket system in Mumbai, Shashank Singh is known for his clean striking and can also contribute with his off-spin.
Currently playing for the Chhattisgarh cricket team, Shashank had made his T20 debut for Mumbai against Odisha at Cuttack in April, 2015. He followed it up with his List A debut for Mumbai against Punjab in the 2015-16 Vijay Hazare Trophy in December that year.
The right-handed batter has amassed 449 runs in 38 T20 matches at a strike rate of 147.67 and an average of 21.38. He has registered three fifties in the shortest format so far. Meanwhile, Shashank has scored 436 runs in nine first-class matches and 536 runs in 23 List-A matches. He has smashed only one hundred in his short career.
Shashank Singh's Indian T20 League journey
In February 2022, Hyderabad acquired the services of Shashank Singh at the base price of INR 20 lakh.
The all-rounder had bagged his maiden Indian T20 League contract in 2017 after Delhi bought him for INR 10 lakh in the player auction. In December 2018, Rajasthan also added Shashank to their squad.
Considering his all-round capabilities, Shashank Singh could play a crucial role for Hyderabad in the upcoming fixtures of the tournament.
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Beautiful Baroque Napoleon III sofa with central medallion and fabric color fuchsia velvet and gold leaf wood.
This magnificent baroque sofa style of Napoleon III has a beautiful fuchsia velvet fabric which is studded all around the frame.
The backrest is padded along its length and the seating is very comfortable and soft.
The structure of this sofa is made of wood (beech) finely hand carved by our craftsmen.
The gold color is made with leaf.
Dimensions: 210 cm wide x 84 cm high x 80 cm deep.


Died 06 December 1967 in Vic.
Before signing up to go to the war, she was a theatre sister in the operating theatre of the old Sydney Hospital.
Melene and Thomas met in Egypt during the war, she was a nurse, and he spent time in hospital there, they had a "military" wedding In Gunnedah when they returned to Australia (her parents lived at Carroll, near Gunnedah).
The death occurred in the Launceston General Hospital yesterday of Miss Laura Mary Lyne, daughter of the late Henry and Lillias Lyne, formerly of Fingal. Miss Lyne trained at the Launceston General Hospital. She had nursing experience n N.S.W. and joined the 1st A.I.F. as a nursing sister. She served seven years in the hospital ship Karoola. On her return she nursed at a military hospital in Hornsey Ave. She was later appointed matron of the Blind, Deaf and Dumb Institute and held this position for 16 years. During the second world war Miss Lyne was sub-matron of the Lady Clark Convalescent Home at Claremont. On retirement from nursing she purchased a property at Exeter, where she lived until failing health caused her to move to Launceston. She leaves two sisters, Miss . E. Lyne, Launceston, and Mrs. E. L. Reed, Swansea.
Born 1890 in Rockhampton, Qld.
Died 26 June 1970 in Qld.


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Conduct and Performance—Unfair Dismissal and Bullying—Work Health and Safety
Sexual Harassment in the Workplace: A Timely Reminder for Business
admin—Posted on 2, July October 30, 2020
Under the backdrop of the #MeToo movement surrounding actors and celebrities, along with recent allegations against former High Court Judge Dyson Heydon, now presents a timely reminder that sexual harassment, particularly in the course of one's employment, is entirely unacceptable.
The Sex Discrimination Commissioner, Kate Jenkins has recently handed down the Sexual Harassment National Inquiry Report into Sexual Harassment in Australian Workplaces ("the Report") and it serves as an excellent resource for employers to ensure that their workplaces are free of sexual harassment. It provides a framework for maintaining a safe workplace, key indicators with respect to which employers must remain vigilant, and methods to deal with potential sexual harassment before it becomes costly to both personnel and business.
As well as having a devastating impact on affected individuals' health, wellbeing, career and finances, sexual harassment represents a cost to Australian employers through:
lost productivity;
staff turnover;
negative impact on workplace culture;
responding to complaints, litigation and workers' compensation; and
reputational damage.
Under the Sex Discrimination Act 1984 (Cth) ("SDA"), sexual harassment is defined as:
any unwelcome sexual advance;
unwelcome request for sexual favours; or
other unwelcome conduct of a sexual nature in relation to the person harassed
in circumstances where a reasonable person, having regard to all the circumstances, would have anticipated the possibility that the person harassed would be offended, humiliated or intimidated.
However, these definitions take a broad view of what constitutes sexual harassment and fail to address the most typical examples of sexual harassment in the workplace which cause the most problems for employers and employees alike. The 2018 National Survey conducted by the Australian Human Rights Commission ("AHRC") identified a number of different types of sexually harassing behaviours including:
verbal forms of sexual harassment, such as sexually suggestive comments or jokes and intrusive questions about private life or physical appearance;
sexually explicit pictures, posters or gifts;
intimidating or threatening behaviours such as inappropriate staring or leering, sexual gestures, indecent exposure, or being followed, watched or someone loitering nearby;
inappropriate physical contact, such as unwelcome touching, hugging, cornering or kissing; and
sexual harassment involving the use of technology, including sexually explicit emails, SMS or social media, indecent phone calls, repeated or inappropriate advances online, or sharing or threatening to share intimate images or film without consent.
The two most common types of behaviour reported to the AHRC are sexually suggestive comments or jokes and intrusive questions about private life or physical appearance. In many cases brought before the AHRC and the Fair Work Commission ("FWC") complaints by employees, the subject of sexually harassing 'jokes', were originally met with surprise by the harasser when their attempts at humour were met with offence or insult.
Quite often, incidences of the 'sharing of jokes' or unnecessary familiarity evolve into incidences of sexual harassment. In the recent case of Emmanuel Montes v The Star Casino [2020] FWC 874, an employee was dismissed by The Star Casino for serious misconduct where what began as a joke between a male server and his female colleague culminated in him smacking her on the backside with a serving tray and sending her "creepy, unwanted, disgusting and inappropriate" text messages.
Increasingly, the misuse of social media has given rise to claims of sexual harassment of colleagues, albeit outside the confines of the workplace. Employees have often been under the mistaken impression that 'friending' a work colleague on platforms such as Facebook or Instagram and then either sending inappropriate material or making inappropriate comments cannot be adjudicated as harassment by their employer. In the matter of Little v Credit Corp Group Limited t/as Credit Corp Group [2013] FWC 9642, an employee used his Facebook account to make sexually suggestive comments to a new employee that he 'friended' and was terminated as a result. However, sexual harassment over social media need not be as overt as in the matter of Little. By 'friending' a colleague on Instagram and routinely commenting on their personal photos can be interpreted as stalking behaviour that ultimately gives rise to claims of harassment.
The Report highlights the pervasive nature of the conduct described above and its damaging effects on workplace participants, especially young women. It is no surprise therefore that many capable intelligent employees leave their employer without ever raising the reasons for departure. This only exacerbates the issue and the undercurrent of harassment that may exist in the workplace. It is our view that failure by organisations to take matters of sexual harassment seriously in all its forms, leads to the belief by men in positions of power that they are immune and can do as they wish. This is clearly evident from the recent exposure of Justice Heydon's conduct.
Mechanisms to Remedy Incidents of Sexual Harassment.
Federal and State anti-discrimination legislation make sexual harassment in the workplace unlawful. The SDA confers additional powers to the AHRC to conciliate sexual harassment complaints and refer matters to the Federal Circuit Court or Federal Court; however, pursuing a claim in the Federal Courts is a complicated and invariably expensive means of seeking remedy. There have been calls to increase the scope for victims of sexual harassment to seek appropriate redress. The Fair Work Act 2009 (Cth) ("FW Act") does not expressly prohibit sexual harassment however, it can be raised indirectly in matters brought to the FWC through:
the general protections against 'adverse action' on the basis of a workplace right;
the general protections against 'adverse action' on the basis of sex;
the anti-bullying jurisdiction;
unfair dismissal proceedings; and
unlawful termination on the ground of sex.
The Report recommends that the FW Act be amended to:
establish a sexual harassment jurisdiction in the FWC similar to the anti-bullying jurisdiction (whereby the FWC can conciliate between the victim and perpetrator of sexual harassment and issue a 'stop sexual harassment order');
clarify that sexual harassment can be conduct amounting to a valid reason for dismissal; and
updating the definition of "serious misconduct" to include sexual harassment.
Widening the scope of the Fair Work system to better, or more directly, deal with claims of sexual harassment does provide a relatively low cost means for victims to seek remedy and/or allow employers to deal with perpetrators more efficiently.
Where incidents of sexual harassment are so egregious, claimants may rely on work, health and safety laws and the criminal law for remedy. These include:
the imposition of a positive duty on employers to prevent sexual harassment by eliminating or managing hazards and risks to an employee's health and wellbeing;
claims for workers' compensation;
the imposition of penalties on employers who fail to abide by their duty of care to provide a safe work environment;
the awarding of compensation to victims; and
criminal prosecution for rape or physical assault.
Finally, the Report has made recommendations to protect sexual harassment victims from defamation laws and media exposure which has traditionally discouraged victims from making a complaint. These include cases where private complaints have been made public by the media or where there is a lack of protection for alleged victims of sexual harassment where they are witnesses in civil proceedings or where their allegations are raised in circumstances where they have not made a formal complaint or given permission for the complaint to be made public. Protections being considered include a standard direction, or presumption in favour of, suppression of witness details in civil proceedings.
Prevention and Response to Sexual Harassment in the Workplace.
Considering the tremendous personal and financial costs that sexual harassment claims can cause victim employees and their respective employers, employers of all sizes have sought guidance on what 'best practice' for addressing, and ultimately preventing, workplace sexual harassment looks like. To better prevent sexual harassment, the Report recommends action in the following areas:
Leadership – developing leaders within the business that set standards that make it clear sexual harassment will not be tolerated;
Risk Assessment and Transparency – identifying and assessing risk by learning from internal and external past experiences;
Culture – creating a culture of trust and respect that minimise the risk of sexual harassment occurring ; and
Knowledge – ongoing practical workplace education and training to ensure a collective understanding of expected workplace behaviours.
Where sexual harassment has occurred, the Report recommends that employers take the following action:
Support – prioritising employee wellbeing and provision of support, including before they make a report, and during any formal processes;
Reporting – availing employees of greater options to make a report and instituting processes that allow employers to address sexual harassment other than launching a formal investigation (as employees can be discouraged from reporting if the matter becomes too regimented); and
Measuring – the data at an industry-level, to help improve understanding of the scope and nature of the problem posed by sexual harassment.
In summary, it has become apparent that it is insufficient for employers to simply compile an 'anti-harassment' policy, file it along with a suite of other HR related documentation that may or may not be studied by employees and assume that a business is compliant. As sexual harassment can cause tremendous harm to the victim and become a financial disaster for inattentive employers, it is essential that business of all sizes takes a pro-active approach to preventing sexual harassment where it can and respond appropriately in the event that it does.
In addition to the above steps we recommend that responsible employers implement robust workplace training on appropriate workplace behaviours. The training should be designed to educate all workplace participants on what is and is not acceptable workplace behaviour and how failure to comply will not be tolerated.
We regularly advice clients regarding the implementation of robust workplace policies and training including in the areas of appropriate workplace conduct. If you require further information in relation to any aspect of this client alert or assistance in dealing with an employment law related issue, please feel free to contact us.
This alert is not intended to constitute, and should not be treated as, legal advice.
General—Pay and Conditions
Are Your Casual Employees Actually Casual: Examining A New Federal Court Decision and What It Means For Australia's Casual Workforce?
General—Work Health and Safety
Bullying in the Workplace – No matter where you work


Fort McMurray (Agenzia Fides) - The city of Fort McMurray in northern Alberta (Canada), is completely deserted, abandoned by its inhabitants because of a fire that has destroyed 1,600 buildings. The fire forced the evacuation of over 90,000 people. The numbers of the tragedy are staggering which is now considered the "most expensive natural disaster in Canadian history". Since the fire started, on May 1, it has spread without stopping: the first day it affected an area of about 500 hectares (5 square kilometers) while up to yesterday, May 6 at least 100,000 hectares (1,000 square kilometers) have been affected by the fire.
The dramatic situation of Fort McMurray has touched Pope Francis who, saddened by the situation, has asked for prayers for the population. Yesterday, in a letter, the Vatican Secretary of State, His Exc. Mgr. Pietro Parolin, said that "the Holy Father is saddened by the destruction and suffering caused by the fires raging in the Fort McMurray area". "He prays for all the displaced people - especially children - who have lost their homes", reads the letter sent to Fides.


On Friday, Biz and Livia Stone hosted an intimate cocktail party and fundraiser at Yerba Buena's Samovar Tea Lounge to toast the arrival of their newest project: the Biz and Livia Stone Foundation.
"The Biz and Livia Stone Foundation focuses on supporting education and conservation here in the Bay Area with special attention paid to helping kids," explained Stone to The Huffington Post. "From an education perspective, we partner with schools and teachers that are grossly underserved but incredibly passionate. Many classes and activities have been removed over the years due to budget cuts so we support these schools by bringing them back--music, visual arts, sports, and conservation education are examples of programs we install into our schools."
To help kick off the launch of the foundation, friends and supporters like MC Hammer and Huffington Post editors gathered for tea cocktails, vegan hors d'oeuvres and a Friday night party with Biz and Livia.


There is nothing like a good home air conditioning system to keep your whole family cool and comfortable all through those hot summer months. Of course, since your air conditioning system has such an impact on your overall comfort level, you want to make sure that the one you get is high quality and is installed and maintained properly. Bayonet Plumbing, Heating & Air Conditioning has been serving Homosassa Springs, FL customers for years and we pride ourselves on providing only the highest quality products and services available. To learn more about what Bayonet Plumbing, Heating & Air Conditioning can do to help you make it through the summer in comfort, just pick up the phone and give us a call today.
Whether you are a contractor looking to have air conditioning systems installed in a development of new construction homes or simply are looking to put an air conditioning system into your home for the first time, we have the products, resources and skills to handle the work. No job is too big or too small for our Homosassa Springs, FL AC installation teams and we will make sure the job is done right the first time.


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San Antonio Spurs News
Durant on Spurs' Gregg Popovich: "He ain't playing out here"
Gregg Popovich Kevin Durant / Ethan Miller/Getty Images
Kevin Durant has taken notice that San Antonio Spurs Coach Gregg Popovich is serious this time. The Men's Olympic Basketball Team is in Tokyo awaiting the tipoff of their Group A showdown with France and recently walked with Team USA in the opening ceremonies.
As he paraded with the entire United States delegation, Durant went live on Instagram to let his fans know how things have been going on the road to a gold medal bid.
"We've been having real training camp for, like, two weeks," said Durant. "Gregg Popovich be having us run for 20 straight minutes, yo."
Durant is the superstar Coach Popovich made no doubt he wanted more than anything for Team USA. "'I would have begged, cried, done anything to change his mind if he said no," he previously said after helping assemble the roster. Now, he's putting his best player through the ringer along with everyone else.
Related. 3 Goals for Keldon Johnson in Tokyo. dark
"I don't remember the last time I ran this much and then played basketball," Durant continued on his live stream. "Pop ain't playing with us. He's trying to keep us prepared."
There's probably no one in the world more anxious to capture that elusive gold medal than Coach Popovich. His USA Team recently finished seventh in the 2019 FIBA World Cup while his last stint with the Olympic team in 2004 as an assistant ended with a bronze medal.
"At the end of the day, it's all gonna be worth it," said Durant. Let's hope he's right.
Next. 3 Trades to acquire an extra 1st-round pick. dark
The U.S. Men's Olympic Basketball Team tips off preliminary play against Rudy Gobert and Team France on Sunday, July 25th at 8 am ET from Super Arena in Japan. Current San Antonio Spur Keldon Johnson has been seeing significant time in exhibition games, but with Jrue Holiday, Devin Booker, and Khris Middleton recently coming on board, time will tell if that continues.


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I find this one quite convenient: simply write your code as if there were no outside world, then label everything that you want to export with a keyword.
Modules that only export single values are very popular in the Node.js community. But they are also common in frontend development where you often have constructors/classes for models, with one model per module. An ECMAScript 6 module can pick a default export, the most important exported value. Default exports are especially easy to import.


Amber Marie Sterlington, the fad of the Season in Regency-era London, has her decide of fellows, and she or he understands what she desires such a lot in a husband: a name and a fortune. Why might she ever marry for anything as fickle as love? And why could she ever glance two times at Thomas Richards, a 3rd son of a rustic lord?
But while Amber's social status is threatened, the nature of her destiny husband turns into way more very important than his place. After a public humiliation, she locate herself exiled to Yorkshire. on my own with the exception of her maid, Amber is confronted with a destiny she by no means anticipated in a condition a long way under what she has identified all her lifestyles. Humbled and lonely, Amber starts to wonder whether isolation is for the simplest. Who may well ever love her now?
SinopsisEn A l. a. caza del amor, su novela de mayor éxito, Nancy Mitford utiliza elementos reales de su extravagante y famosa familia para construir el relato. l. a. acción se abre en el salón de Alconleigh, los angeles casa de campo de los Radlett. Ante nuestros ojos van desfilando los distintos miembros de los angeles familia: el malhumorado padre, tío Matthew, con sus violentos y cómicos estallidos de cólera y sus curiosos pasatiempos, como organizar cacerías en las que las piezas son alguno de sus hijos…; l. a. ausente y devota madre, Sadie; y los siete hijos que junto a su prima Fanny forman una estrafalaria y divertidísima familia.
Ny occasions bestselling writer Gwyn Hyman Rubio's hugely expected new novel. .. Love and traditional Creatures is instructed throughout the eyes of a cockatoo in love together with his very human caretaker. Snatched in a internet from his Australian place of origin as a tender parrot, Caruso has tailored to captivity and has discovered all he is familiar with of affection from his past proprietor, who used to be obsessively fixated on his formative years sweetheart.
This variation connects 4 lady writers from various nations, providing the English translations of 2 of the most well-liked eighteenth-century French novels and a sequel to at least one of them.
Travis décide de prendre les choses en major et los angeles meilleure façon d'y parvenir est de partir. Il éprouve le besoin de s'isoler pour réfléchir aux sentiments qu'il éprouve pour sa colocataire malgré toutes les barrières qu'il a bâties pour se protéger. Sarah est los angeles meilleure selected qui lui soit arrivé, il en prend enfin sense of right and wrong.


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Home » Public Involvement and News » Press Releases » New York State Climate Action Council Finalizes Scoping Plan to Advance Nation-Leading Climate Law
For Release: Monday, December 19, 2022
Robust Public Input Provided Over the Past Three Years Informed Creation of Roadmap to Meet Climate Leadership and Community Protection Act Requirements
New York State's Climate Action Council (Council) Co-Chairs, Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) Commissioner Basil Seggos and New York State Energy Research and Development Authority (NYSERDA) President and CEO Doreen M. Harris, today announced the approval and adoption of the New York State Climate Action Council Scoping Plan (leaves DEC website), which outlines recommended policies and actions to help meet the goals and requirements of the nation-leading Climate Leadership and Community Protection Act (Climate Act). After a 19-3 vote by the Council during a meeting on Dec. 19, 2022, the Scoping Plan is available to the public and will be submitted to the Governor and the State Legislature by Jan. 1, 2023. This critical milestone represents the culmination of over three years of collaboration, including contributions from the Council's Advisory Panels and Working Groups, since the enactment of the Climate Act in 2019.
Climate Action Council Co-Chair and DEC Commissioner Basil Seggos said, "I applaud my colleagues on the Climate Action Council, and members of the various advisory panels and working groups, for their tireless work over the past three years to develop this Scoping Plan to serve as a framework to achieve our ambitious climate targets under the nation-leading Climate Act. This Plan serves as a bold, monumental achievement not just for New York State, but for the nation and the world, which centers on equity and climate justice across all sectors, building opportunities for all, and ensuring we have a workforce that can transition as seamlessly as possible in our new clean energy economy. Our work is just beginning, and we are leading the way to a cleaner, greener, and brighter future.
Climate Action Council Co-Chair and NYSERDA President and CEO Doreen M. Harris said, "New York State laid the groundwork for change with its nation-leading climate law, and through the diligent and thoughtful work of the Climate Action Council, along with input from the public in every corner of the state, we now have an action plan to follow to ensure we meet these critical goals. Today is certainly a day to celebrate, but this also marks the beginning of more significant work to come as we forge the path ahead and lead by example on how to transition an economy based on the conventional energy practices of yesterday to the thriving green economy of tomorrow."
The Council approved the Scoping Plan following the release of the Draft Scoping Plan on Dec. 30, 2021, and a robust public comment period that included 11 public hearings across the State and more than 35,000 written comments. This feedback and other information on the plan's development can be found on the New York State Climate Act website (leaves DEC website), along with an Executive Summary and additional resources. The Council's seven Advisory Panels, along with the Climate Justice Working Group (CJWG) and Just Transition Working Group (JTWG), also submitted recommendations for consideration in the development of the Scoping Plan. The contributions from these groups are included in appendices to the Scoping Plan. As required under the Climate Act, the Council will update the Scoping Plan every five years to ensure the plan continues to meet the State's aggressive climate targets.
Taking Climate Action
The Scoping Plan's recommendations will provide the foundation to significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions, drive critical building and transportation electrification, secure climate justice, and advance the State's commitment to economywide carbon neutrality by 2050 consistent with interim and long-term directives established in the Climate Act. The Plan outlines actions needed for New York to achieve 70 percent renewable energy by 2030; 100 percent zero-emission electricity by 2040; a 40-percent reduction in statewide greenhouse gas emissions from 1990 levels by 2030, an 85-percent reduction from 1990 levels by 2050; and net-zero emissions statewide by 2050. It also identifies a variety of regulatory and legal changes, market mechanisms, and technologies essential to achieving these directives.
Based on the Council's integration analysis, recommendations include:
Critical investments in every sector of New York's economy to support deep decarbonization efforts;
Accelerated energy efficiency and end-use electrification mechanisms to foster approximately one to two million homes transitioning to clean heating and cooling options such as heat pumps by 2030, in addition to a statewide scale-up of approximately three million zero-emission vehicles on the roads by 2030; and
Electric grid infrastructure investments to support retrofitting existing infrastructure to help withstand extreme weather and deploying energy storage or onsite renewables that will improve the reliability and resilience of the electric grid in the face of worsening storms and other impacts of climate change.
New York's climate actions, as recommended by the Council in the Scoping Plan, will deliver many benefits to New Yorkers, including:
Clean and reliable electric power through solar, wind, and other renewables, combined with energy storage, to help end consumer vulnerability to fossil fuel disruptions and price volatility;
Energy-efficient and comfortable homes and businesses with a scale-up of modern, clean heating and cooling technologies, such as electric heat pumps and smart thermostats, combined with weatherization measures;
Healthy, efficient, and reliable electric vehicle access that will save New Yorkers money with lower costs to fuel, operate, and maintain. Zero-emission transportation options, including mass transit, fleet vehicles, and medium-/heavy-duty electric vehicles, will foster fresher air and cleaner communities across the State;
Smart energy choices through State and federal programs and incentives designed to help New Yorkers choose and afford more efficient and higher-performing electric appliances and vehicles when gasoline vehicles and fossil-fueled heating or cooking appliances need replacement;
Significant growth in jobs within green industries, with union labor as the backbone of the State's clean energy economy, which will help create family-sustaining jobs and wage gains across the economy and in every corner of the State;
Healthy living for families through improved air quality, increased active transportation such as walking and biking, and promoting energy efficiency in low- and moderate-income homes. New Yorkers will see positive health benefits that will help avoid tens of thousands of premature deaths, thousands of non-fatal heart attacks, asthma-related emergency room visits, and other hospitalizations; and
Smart infrastructure investments for a healthy future, with the cost of inaction in New York State exceeding the cost of action by more than $115 billion.
Securing Climate Justice
The Scoping Plan also prioritizes work led by the CJWG and puts forth comprehensive actions to address climate justice and ensure that the State's transition to a low-carbon, clean energy economy addresses health, environmental, and energy burdens that disproportionately impact Disadvantaged Communities (leaves DEC website). The Climate Act requires Disadvantaged Communities receive a minimum of 35 percent, with a goal of 40 percent, of benefits of investments in clean energy and energy efficiency programs or projects in the areas of housing, workforce development, pollution reduction, low- and moderate-income energy assistance, energy, transportation, and economic development.
Identified benefits and impacts to Disadvantaged Communities are included throughout the Scoping Plan with recommended greenhouse gas and co-pollutant emissions reduction strategies designed to deliver concrete benefits to individuals in Disadvantaged Communities, such as:
Addressing energy affordability concerns and reducing energy burden;
Reducing environmental burden from greenhouse gas emissions and co-pollutants;
Ensuring full participation in the new clean economy and corresponding job growth, including through access to good quality jobs and union-based employment opportunities;
Ensuring access to New York State's significant and growing policies and programs that invest in clean local resources, like solar and energy efficiency; and
Ensuring an inclusive process and full participation by Disadvantaged Communities and their representatives in the ongoing work of developing and implementing climate action policies and programs.
Ensuring a Just Transition
A critical component of New York's Climate Act is ensuring that the advancement of a low-carbon and clean energy economy results in new economic development opportunities throughout the State and supports long-term careers in jobs across all sectors, while simultaneously providing support and tools to the workers and communities who may be affected by the unfolding energy transition.
A Jobs Study (leaves DEC website), issued by the Council's Just Transition Working Group, found that job increases are anticipated in every corner of the State, totaling more than 200,000 by 2030, with a projected 10 jobs added in growing clean energy sectors for every job potentially lost in displaced subsectors. At the same time, where certain sectors and occupations face a risk of job displacement, the State will work to ensure job losses are minimized and that any losses come with meaningful support and reemployment protections.
To ensure a just transition, the State will undertake strategies in the Scoping Plan that help build connections, support existing workers and communities, create job pathways, and realize opportunities for New York's future workforce. State agencies will also work with union labor representatives to ensure all New Yorkers have access to career pathways through union programs.
The following recommendations support New York's growing green economy workforce and help protect workers vulnerable to potential disruption and displacement:
Provide direct displaced worker support to mitigate economic impact and ensure that current and former fossil fuel workers benefit from the transition to clean energy;
Ensure application of labor standards across all sectors and projects, helping create good union jobs and helping the State take advantage of new federal tax credit requirements and attract greater financial benefits to New York;
Target financial support for businesses to ensure access to contracting and procurement opportunities in the transition away from fossil fuels;
Create new and comprehensive training curricula and programs focused on opportunities for people from underserved communities that meet employer hiring needs;
Expand comprehensive career pathway programs into clean energy for both existing and future workers;
Leverage community engagement, stakeholder input, and market assessments to identify and assess industry skills gaps, employee demand, and curriculum and training needs; and
Create a new Office of Just Transition and a Worker Support and Community Assurance Fund to guide ongoing program and policy support for the near- to medium-term: host community support, existing worker support, and new worker support.
Scoping Plan's Sector Summaries
Summaries of sector-specific recommendations include:
Transportation: Transition nearly all vehicles in New York State to zero-emission technology by 2050, with New Yorkers having substantially greater access to low-carbon modes of transportation, including public transportation.
Transition to zero-emission vehicles and equipment;
Enhance public transportation and mobility alternatives;
Promote smart growth and mobility-oriented development; and
Facilitate market-based solutions and financing.
Buildings: By 2050, 85 percent of homes and commercial building space statewide should be electrified with energy-efficient heat pumps and thermal energy networks.
Adopt zero-emission codes and standards and require energy benchmarking for buildings;
Scale up public financial incentives and expand access to public and private low-cost financing for building decarbonization;
Expand New York's commitment to market development, innovation, and leading by example in State projects; and
Transition from hydrofluorocarbons.
Electricity: Scale up clean energy resources, such as land-based wind and solar, offshore wind, hydropower, fuel cells that use renewable fuels, and energy storage.
Incorporate load flexibility and controllability into the electric grid as sectors electrify to create a more manageable system;
Update and build new transmission and distribution systems statewide;
Enhance the electric grid to improve efficiency and delivery of electricity and facilitate the integration of renewable energy and prioritize clean resources; and
Evaluate emerging technologies and identify and develop solutions for zero-emission dispatchable technologies to meet demand and maintain reliability.
Industry: Pursue incentive-based strategies for attracting and retaining businesses in New York State and mitigate direct greenhouse gas emissions attributable to certain industrial activities, like manufacturing.
Agriculture and Forestry: Mitigate agricultural greenhouse gas emissions through manure management practices and precision animal feeding. Maximizing the carbon sequestration and storage potential in the agriculture and forestry sectors is a key strategy for achieving net-zero emissions across all sectors of the economy by 2050.
Waste: Implement waste reduction, reuse, and recycling strategies to fundamentally shift the way businesses and New Yorkers currently produce, use, and handle products and materials at end-of-life. Minimize emissions at solid waste management facilities and water resource recovery facilities and evaluate beneficial use of methane captured from waste management activities.
Land Use: Reduce carbon emissions through strategic land conservation and smart growth development. Equip municipalities with the necessary tools and resources to protect New York's natural and working lands, while also advancing renewable energy siting. Achieve smart, sustainable, and equitable planning, zoning and projects that align with supportive transportation, economic development, and housing policies and practices.
Local Government: Continue to engage, build partnerships, and collaborate with local governments as the state moves toward a more energy efficient future. Create a dashboard to promote local climate action planning, monitor equity considerations, measure progress, and ensure data consistency at the county and municipal levels. Develop model energy conservation building codes and construction policies to encourage local policy decisions that accelerate energy efficiency with a focus on equity.
Adaptation and Resilience: Move forward with actions to adapt to climate change and enhance resilience in communities, infrastructure, and living systems. Expand state support for regional and local planning, assist municipalities and local communities in their efforts to incorporate future conditions into local planning and regulatory decisions, and address risks due to flooding and extreme heat. Enhance resilience of living systems by addressing risks to ecosystems and biodiversity.
Gas System Transition: Strategic downsizing and decarbonization of the gas system in close coordination with the increase of renewable energy generation and build-out of the electric system to ensure reliability and address energy affordability. Convert the vast majority of gas customers to all-electric by 2050, and during the gas system transition, manage repair of leak-prone gas pipelines to ensure safety of the gas system and reduce methane emissions.
The Scoping Plan also recommends implementation of an economywide cap-and-invest program that would ensure the Climate Act's emission limits are met, while simultaneously prioritizing reduction of co-pollutants in Disadvantaged Communities and supporting clean technology market development.
For more information on the Climate Action Council's Scoping Plan, please visit the Climate Act website (leaves DEC website).
New York State's Nation-Leading Climate Plan
New York State's nation-leading climate agenda is the most aggressive climate and clean energy initiative in the nation, calling for an orderly and just transition to clean energy that creates jobs and continues fostering a green economy as New York State recovers from the COVID-19 pandemic. Enshrined into law through the Climate Leadership and Community Protection Act, New York is on a path to achieve its mandated goal of a zero-emission electricity sector by 2040, including 70 percent renewable energy generation by 2030, and to reach economy wide carbon neutrality. It builds on New York's unprecedented investments to ramp-up clean energy including over $35 billion in 120 large-scale renewable and transmission projects across the state, $6.8 billion to reduce buildings emissions, $1.8 billion to scale up solar, more than $1 billion for clean transportation initiatives, and over $1.6 billion in NY Green Bank commitments. Combined, these investments are supporting more than 165,000 jobs in New York's clean energy sector in 2021, a 2,100 percent growth in the distributed solar sector since 2011 and a commitment to develop 9,000 megawatts of offshore wind by 2035. Under the Climate Act, New York will build on this progress and reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 85 percent from 1990 levels by 2050, while ensuring that at least 35 percent with a goal of 40 percent of the benefits of clean energy investments are directed to disadvantaged communities, and advance progress towards the state's 2025 energy efficiency target of reducing on-site energy consumption by 185 trillion BTUs of end-use energy savings.
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