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ROMAN CHRISTENDOM
"There went out a decree from Caesar Augustus, that the whole world should be enrolled. And Joseph went up from Galilee to be enrolled with Mary his espoused wife, who was with child." (Luke 2:1-5) +++ "Render therefore to Caesar the things that are Caesar's..." (Matt 22:21) +++ "Honour all men. Love the brethren. Fear God. Honour the Emperor [Caesar]." (1 Pet 2:17) +++ "Then Paul said: I stand at Caesar's judgment seat, where I ought to be judged….I appeal to Caesar." (Acts 25:10-11)
16 September - the anniversary of the death of our last ruling Catholic monarch, King James II and VII
King James II of England and Ireland and VII of Scotland was born on 14 October 1633, at St. James's Palace in London, the third son of King Charles I and Princess Henrietta Maria of France, Queen Henrietta-Maria of England.
Prince James was made HRH Duke of York at his birth and was baptised into the Anglican Church by William Laud, Archbishop of Canterbury. He was made Lord High Admiral of England in 1638 and a Knight of the Garter in 1642.
During the Civil War against his father James lived in the Low Countries and France, where he returned to exile later in life. He was commissioned in the French Army and served under the Vicomte de Turenne and was created Duke of Normandy by King Louis XIV of France in 1660, the same year that he returned to England with his brother who was restored as King Charles II, whereupon he married Lady Anne Hyde, daughter of the Earl of Clarendon.
In 1670 both James and Anne converted to the Catholic faith but Anne died the following year.
When the Test Act was passed in 1673, requiring the holders of all public offices to receive communion according to the rites of the Church of England, and to abjure the Catholic belief in transubstantiation, James renounced his offices which caused his Catholic conversion to become public knowledge.
In the same year James married Princess Maria of Modena, daughter of Alfonso IV, Duke of Modena.
Princess Mary of Modena, later Queen Mary of England, Scotland and Ireland
From around this time, two parties formed in Parliament, based upon the old division of Roundheads and Cavaliers, but now called "Excluders" and "Abhorrers", the first seeking to exclude the Catholic James from succession to the throne, and the latter abhorring such an unconstitutional idea. Each party was alter given a derogatory name, the first "Whig", after the Scots Covenanter Whiggamore cattle raid, and the latter "Tory" after the Irish word for a bandit toraigh.
Nevertheless, James did succeed his brother and was crowned King in 1685 - privately by the Catholic rites and then publicly, on 23 April, St George's Day, at Westminster Abbey according to the rites of the Church of England.
King James II and VII after his coronation
However, the Whig Excluders did not rest and eventually staged a treacherous revolution against their rightful king in due course.
The pretext for this treason was, ironically, King James's commitment to liberty of conscience, a doctrine the Whigs claimed to profess but, in reality, denied.
King James issued a Declaration of Toleration for Scotland on 12 February 1687 and a Declaration of Indulgence for England on 4 April 1687, re-issued in 1688 with an order to be read in all churches.
It was this latter command that was used by the rebels as a pretext. Seven Anglican bishops petitioned the King in his own courts against James's order to read the Declaration. Concurrently, "the Seven", 5 peers and 2 commoners, treacherously invited the King's Protestant son-in-law and nephew, William, Prince of Orange, to come over the channel and invade England by force of arms.
Their stated aim was to abolish freedom of religion and conscience and once again re-impose - by force - Anglicanism, upon the Three Kingdoms of England (and Wales), Scotland and Ireland, whether the people wanted it or no.
On 5 November, William, Prince of Orange landed at Brixham, Devon, with 15,000 men. King James went out with the Army to meet the Dutch invasion on Salisbury Plain and would undoubtedly have stood a good chance of doing so successfully but for the treacherous desertion to the enemy of his Chief of Staff, Lieutenant General John Churchill, together with 400 officers and men under his malign influence.
After the meeting of the council of war on the morning of 24 November 1685, Churchill, accompanied by some 400 officers and men, deserted the royal camp and rode towards the Dutch invader in Axminster, leaving behind him a derisive letter of apology and self-justification:
"...I hope the great advantage I enjoy under Your Majesty, which I own I would never expect in any other change of government, may reasonably convince Your Majesty and the world that I am actuated by a higher principle..."
Initially, planning to rendezvous on Salisbury Plain with the King and there to kidnap him and take him to William, Churchill was thwarted because James had a very fortuitous serious nose-bleed that morning so that he was unable to make the rendezvous. Churchill then deserted to the Dutch usurper, William of Orange.
In fact, Churchill was only ever motivated by one principle, that of his own enrichment and ambition. this he achieved to the highest degree by being ennobled by the Orangeman as Duke of Marlborough and amassing one of the greatest fortunes in Europe.
John Churchill, later Duke of Marlborough, traitor and deserter who profited financially by going over to the invading William of Orange
After this, James's prospects of success vanished and he was obliged to flee to France but with the intention of re-gaining his throne at the first opportunity from the traitors and invaders.
Meantime, a Convention of the Lords Spiritual and Temporal, and Commons, assembled at Westminster, and published a bogus declaration that James had "abdicated" the government. Shortly after, a cowed Convention of the Scottish Estates declared similarly.
King James remained at the Château of St Germain-en-Laye, just outside Paris until his death, not only recognised by King Louis XIV of France as rightful King but regularly visited by the bishops of the non-juring Church of England who had refused to take an oath of loyalty to the new regime of William of Orange who now claimed to rule with his wife, King James's daughter, Mary. These bishops only recognised King James as the Supreme Governor of the Church of England, despite his being a Catholic, and always sought his approval or appointment of the non-juring bishops and senior clergy.
It was on 16 September 1701 that King James II and VII died, in the odour of sanctity, attended and fortified by all the rites of our Holy Mother the Church.
His body was received by the English Benedictines then resident in Rue St Jacques, Paris, ironically, later the headquarters of the French Revolutionaries who were, for that reason, called Jacobins. These same Jacobins and their odious followers were later responsible for the desecration of the tomb of King James.
The religious cult of King James II and VII was begun and preserved by these same English Benedictines and continues to this day.
After his death, the Whig conspirators secured a new settlement of the royal line through the Act of Settlement 1701 which, together with the Bill of Rights of 1689, completely destroyed the old Constitution and substituted, illegally and unconstitutionally, a new one.
The Act was passed to settle the succession to the English and Irish crowns and thrones on the Electress Sophia of Hanover (a granddaughter of James VI of Scotland and I of England and Ireland) and her non-Roman Catholic heirs. It arose at the death of King James and the failure of heirs to William and Mary and to Queen Anne, the other daughter of King James, who had been allowed to succeed because she remained Protestant, unlike her mother and father.
Fully 57 members of the family had a better right to the throne than the Electress Sophia of Hanover, but they were excluded by this illegal and unconstitutional Act for the sole reason that they were Roman Catholic.
In 1707, the independent Kingdom of Scotland came to an end by means of a huge Whig bribe paid to influential members of the Scottish Estates (as the Scottish parliament has historically been called) who voted for the Act of Union. It was opposed by Scottish Jacobites like George Lockhart of Carnwath, founder of the Scottish Tory Party which was, in those day, almost entirely Jacobite which meant they were supporters of the rightful heirs of King James II and VII (from the Latin Jacobus for James).
George Lockhart of Carnwath, Scottish Jacobite and founder of the Scottish Tory Party, opposed the Scottish Act of Union with England that centralised power at Westminster
The Whigs were, like the European Union political leaders of today, centralisers and centralists who believed in taking away power from the small states and regions and giving it to a highly centralised government.
Thus the old Constitution, with the King at its apex, came to an end and a new Parliamentary sovereignty was created that was, in effect, superior to the King and determined the succession according to its own, new, revolutionary ideas, rather than by the traditional and constitutional royal primogeniture.
The new entity so created was called "Great Britain" and idea alien to the old Constitution of the ancient Three Kingdoms.
Having reduced Scotland to a subordinate state, they later succeeded in doing the same to Ireland with the Act of Union of 1800 and so created the "United Kingdom" of Great Britain and Ireland, ruled from Westminster under one only Parliament.
Electress Sophia died on 8 June 1714, before the death of Queen Anne on 1 August 1714, and so Sophia's son became King George I of Great Britain and Ireland, the first of the Hanoverian dynasty.
Under the Act of Settlement 1701, anyone who becomes a Roman Catholic, or who marries a Roman Catholic, becomes disqualified to inherit the throne. The act also gravely limits the power of the monarch.
King James III and VIII, son of King James II and VII, and the true King of England, Scotland and Ireland, but excluded from the throne purely because he was a Roman Catholic
The Act of Settlement thus also became part of the law of all the imperial territories of the British Empire and, later, of the nations of the British Commonwealth so that it cannot effectively be altered without the consent of those Commonwealth realms, as they are now called.
The century and a half after the so-called Bill of Rights of 1689 was one of the most oppressive in British history and saw the introduction of the savagely inhuman, brutal and grotesquely unjust Penal laws that removed the human rights of Roman Catholics and religious dissenters and persecuted the ordinary people of England, Scotland and Ireland in a manner that will always remain a permanent disgrace to the British nation and Commonwealth.
Under this Code Catholic men could be hanged, drawn and quartered and Catholic women burned at the stake, ostensibly as traitors but, in reality, as victims of the denial of religious liberty and martyrs to their faith.
This evil code was not finally disposed of until as late as 1828 with the Catholic Emancipation Act.
The true legacy of King James II of England and Ireland and VII of Scotland was, and is, his commitment, at once, to both religious liberty and to the Catholic faith.
His sons became the cynosure of the Jacobite movement which attempted to restore them to the throne in 1715 and 1745 in the two Jacobite uprisings to restore the Crown and ancient Constitutions of these Islands.
The Stuart Royal Arms
Aymez Loyaute!
Posted by Tribunus at 21:56
Mateus G. M. F. Tibúrcio said...
Well, about the Kingdom of Ireland, was it ever valid? Being it created by Henry VIII and Elizabeth "II", was it legitimized?
Then who would be the theoretical heir to the Kingdom of Ireland, Elizabeth II or the Duke of Bavaria?
Salute from Brazil!!!
Gadfly said...
It is fortunate, that the Establishment had lost the enthusiasm for putting into practice the same penal laws.
Tribunus said...
Yes, the Kingdom of Ireland was indeed valid and was recognised as such by the Pope during the reign of Queen Mary (Tudor) and King Philip I (II of Spain).
I think I have already answered your question in a previous post, have I not?
The heir to the Kingdom of Ireland would have been Queen Elizabeth II since she is now, by the passage of time and quiet possession of the throne, the legitimate monarch of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
That is in accord with the teaching of the Church as set out by St Thomas Aquinas.
Quite apart from anything else, the senior line, now headed by the Duke of Bavaria, has not claimed the throne for some 200 years.
However, the Republic of Ireland has, by the same token, acquired legitimacy and so the Queen is no longer legitimate sovereign of that nation and cannot be so unless, by legitimate constitutional means, she, or some other monarch, were lawfully made sovereign thereof.
That is not to say that the Irish revolution of 1916 and 1919 were just wars - they were not.
Nor, indeed, was the unilateral declaration of the Republic in 1948 a lawful or legitimate act.
But, with the passage of time, it becomes less and less legitimate to disturb even the usurper since it is part of the just war teaching of the Church that a war, including a rebellion, in order to be just, must be proportionate and have a prospect of success.
After this length of time, it would not be proportionate to disturb the government of Ireland with any kind of rebellion and so would thus be gravely sinful as many lives would be endangered uselessly.
It is most interesting that the proscriptions to Catholic succession continue to this day. Most civilized countries evolve most of their institutions in some way over time. It would appear that the British (yes, Scotch and Welsh also) retain some primitive near psychosis about Catholics. I would suggest professional intervention.
in hoc signo vinces
The Roman Emperor and Caesar Augustus Constantine I the Great saw a vision of the Chi-Rho symbol of Christ and the words, in Greek, Εν τουτο νικα (pronounced: "en touto nika") - usually rendered in Latin since then as IN HOC SIGNO VINCES ("in this sign conquer"), before his great victory at the Battle of the Milvian Bridge on the edge of the City of Rome. Not long after he liberated Christianity throughout the Empire, later himself becoming a Christian. Although Christianity was not made the religion of the Roman Empire until a later emperor, Theodosius, nevertheless winning this battle, seemingly by divine inspiration, caused Constantine to defend, and later to convert to, Christianity. So this victory is said to mark the beginning of the nearly two thousand years of the Christian and Catholic Roman Empire.
imago domini jesu christi
The Holy Face of Our Lord Jesus Christ has been partly re-constructed from the image on the Shroud of Turin. The shroud was loudly dismissed by a scoffing, but often rather ignorant, secular mass media but the latest view is that its image is inexplicable by modern science and most likely miraculous. St Therese of the Child Jesus was devoted to the Holy Face and many saints have had visions of our Lord's face.
Dominus Jesus Christus Rex
This icon of Christos Pantokratoros, Christ the Sovereign-King, reminds us that Christ's rule must be recognised in this world as also the next. His rule and his descent from the tribe of Judah, the royal tribe of Israel, was prophesied in Scripture: "The sceptre shall not be taken from Juda, nor a ruler from his thigh, till he come that is to be sent, and he shall be the expectation of the nations". (Gen 49:10 - Vespers Antiphon for Advent). For our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ is not only King of the Jews, spiritually, but also in the flesh, through both his mother, the Blessed Virgin Mary, Princess of Juda, but also through St Joseph, Crown Prince of Juda, and direct descendant of King David, King of the Jews.
ecce homo - behold the man! behold the king of kings!
"And the soldiers plaiting a crown of thorns, put it upon his head; and they put on him a purple garment. And they came to him, and said: Hail, king of the Jews; and they gave him blows. Pilate therefore went forth again, and saith to them: Behold, I bring him forth unto you, that you may know that I find no cause in him. Jesus therefore came forth, bearing the crown of thorns and the purple garment. And he saith to them: Behold the Man!" (John 19:2-5)
whom kings adore
"When Jesus therefore was born in Bethlehem of Juda, in the days of King Herod, behold, there came wise men from the east to Jerusalem, saying, where is he that is born King of the Jews? For we have seen his star in the east, and are come to adore him". (Matt 2:1-2)
before abraham was, i am
The tetragrammaton, written in Hebrew as YHVH, meaning "I am Who am", signified the ineffable name of God which, having been told to Moses directly by God, was so deeply sacred that Jews were forbidden to say it lest it sound like a claim to be divine. Thus, in prayer, they called God Adonai (your Majesty) or Elohim (God, in the royal plural). When our Lord said "Before Abraham was, I AM" He was thus saying to the Jews very directly that He was God. Catholics used to have a great reverence for the Holy Name of Jesus so that they bowed whenever it was said but, alas, now, many have become careless.
The Queen of Heaven
"And Mary said: Behold the handmaid of the Lord; be it done to me according to thy word." (Luke 1:38). "And Mary said: My soul doth magnify the Lord. And my spirit hath rejoiced in God my Saviour. Because he hath regarded the humility of his handmaid; for behold from henceforth all generations shall call me blessed. Because he that is mighty, hath done great things to me; and holy is his name. And his mercy is from generation unto generations, to them that fear him." (Luke 1:46-50). "But Mary kept all these words, pondering them in her heart." (Luke 2:19)
sacred language
אָנֹכִי יְהוָה אֱלֹהֶיךָ, אֲשֶׁר הוֹצֵאתִיךָ מֵאֶרֶץ מִצְרַיִם מִבֵּית עֲבָדִים: לֹא-יִהְיֶה לְךָ אֱלֹהִים אֲחֵרִים, עַל-פָּנָי
εγω ειμι κυριος ο θεος σου οστις εξηγαγον σε εκ γης Αιγυπτου εξ οικου δουλειας ουκ εσονται σοι θεοι ετεροι πλην εμου
Ego sum Dominus Deus tuus qui eduxi te de terra Aegypti de domo servitutis non habebis deos alienos coram me
[Ex 20:2-3]
The trinity of royal and sacred languages: Hebrew, Greek and Latin, used over the Cross, and in the Scriptures and liturgies of the Christian Church, correspond to Father, Son and Holy Ghost, respectively. No Christian could call themselves educated, in times past, without knowing at least one or two of these Classical languages. The Latin language created a unique international community of scholars. Latin remains the primary language of the Church but nowadays even the clergy hardly know it, let alone Greek or Hebrew. Some foolish clergy even rejoice in their lamentable ignorance.
sacred music: chant
Chant goes back to the Jewish Temple worship. It was continued in the Christian Church and codified by Pope St Gregory the Great and was, thereafter, often called Gregorian chant. The oldest liturgy in the Christian Church could be seen in the Easter Triduum services of the Roman rite up to 1955. The ancient Offices of Tenebrae (Matins and Lauds of Maundy Thursday, Good Friday and Holy Saturday) are virtually unchanged since the earliest times.
CATHOLIC ORIGINS OF MODERN SCIENCE
Modern science has its origins firmly and centrally in the bosom of the Roman Catholic Church. Johannes Buridanus, (1295-1363), or Jean Buridan (pictured above), was a great French priest and scientist, teaching at the University of Paris, who sowed the seeds of modern science by reviving the concept of impetus, an understanding of motion first proposed by John Philoponus (c.490-c.570), the priest-scientist of the ancient University of Alexandria known by Arabs as Yaḥyā al-Naḥwī (or "John the Grammarian"). Philoponus had broken with the Aristotelian–Neoplatonic tradition, questioning Aristotelian dynamics in favour of the concept of impetus. This concept preceded the concept of inertia, which Sir Isaac Newton effectively stole, unacknowledged, from Buridan. Buridan, in turn, had borrowed the idea (but with acknowledgement, unlike Newton) from Friar Francis of Marchia (c.1285-c.1344), an earlier Franciscan scholar at the University of Paris, who had used it as an analogy of the effect of grace received in Holy Communion. The origins of modern science thus derive from an analogy of the Blessed Sacrament. John Philoponus had also argued against the eternity of the world, a theory which formed the basis of pagan attacks on the Christian doctrine of Creation, very similar to those mounted by unoriginal thinkers of today like Professor Richard Dawkins. Philoponus' critique of Aristotle was a major influence on Italian scholar, Giovanni Pico della Mirandola and Italian scientist, Galileo Galilei, who cited Philoponus frequently. Pictured above is a likeness of Jean Buridan, arguably the father of modern science.
Roman Emperor
Defender of civilisation
Roman Pontiff
Teacher of civilisation
Roman rite
Spirit of civilisation
holy church & holy empire
Sancta Romana Ecclesia (SRE) - the Holy Roman Church, of which all the Cardinal-Princes of the Church were, and are still today, designated. The Cardinals were, originally, the curia (or court) of the Roman Pontifex Maximus or Pope that formed his chief advisers. The right of the Senate, clergy and commons (Senatus Populusque Romanus - SPQR) of the city of Rome to elect the Pope eventually devolved to the Cardinals. They held the highest rank in the Church after the Pope.
Sacrum Romanum Imperium (SRI) - the Holy Roman Empire, of which all the Prince-Electors of the Empire were, until the end of the Empire in 1806, designated. The Prince-Electors were, originally, the curia (or court) of the Roman Caesar Augustus or Emperor that formed his chief advisers. The right of the Senate, clergy and commons (Senatus Populusque Romanus - SPQR) of the city of Rome to elect the Emperor eventually devolved to the Prince-Electors. They held the highest rank in the Empire after the Emperor.
Both Pope and Emperor had the right of veto in the election of the other. The Pope also had the right to excommunicate an heretical Emperor and relieve his subjects of their fealty and the Emperor had the right to depose a Pope who excommunicated himself by publicly teaching heresy. No public enemy of the Church could thus, in theory, hold either office.
The imperial veto was only abolished in 1912 after it had been successfully used, by the Austrian Kaiser (Caesar or Emperor) Francis Joseph through the Cardinal Archbishop of Cracow, to elect a saint, Pope St Pius X. The new pope feared that in an increasingly anti-Catholic world the power might be misused in the future, so he abolished it.
The imperial veto had earlier been used by Austrian Kaiser (Caesar and Emperor) Francis Joseph to help elect Blessed Pope Pius IX, also.
"But they said: Lord, behold here are two swords. And he said to them, it is enough." (Luke 22:38)
crown of charlemagne
The imperial prayers
"O God, who prepared the Roman Empire for the preaching of the Gospel of the eternal King, extend to Thy servant, our Emperor, the armoury of heaven, so that the peace of the churches may remain undisturbed by the storms of war. Through Christ our Lord. Amen."
[From the Mass Pro Imperatore for the Holy Roman Emperor, used also at the Coronation of an emperor, when the Emperor-elect was anointed by the Cardinal-bishop of Ostia, given the sword and orb by the Pope, ordained by him a Sub-deacon and then crowned Caesar semper Augustus, Romanorum Imperator with the sacred crown of Charlemagne, after which, as Deacon, he served the papal mass.]
"Let us pray also for our most Christian Emperor that the Lord God may reduce to his obedience all barbarous nations for our perpetual peace. O almighty and eternal God, in whose hands are all the power and right of kingdoms, graciously look down on the Roman Empire that those nations who confide in their own haughtiness and strength, may be reduced by the power of Thy right hand. Through the same Lord..."
[Good Friday Intercessions for the Roman Emperor, said after those for pope and clergy in the Roman rite until 1955]
"Regard also our most devout Emperor [Name] and since Thou knowest, O God, the desires of his heart, grant by the ineffable grace of Thy goodness and mercy, that he may enjoy with all his people the tranquillity of perpetual peace and heavenly victory."
[The imperial prayers came at the end of the Exsultet at the Easter Vigil on Holy Saturday until they were abolished in 1955 by the impious hand of Archbishop Annibale Bugnini, the great architect of the modern, ungainly, liturgy]
arms of imperial austria
pax romana et christiana
"Peace is not merely the absence of war... Peace is the work of justice and the effect of charity. Earthly peace is the image and fruit of the peace of Christ, the messianic 'Prince of Peace'." (Catechism of the Catholic Church, 2304-5)
Caesar Augustus was the ancient title of the Roman Emperor, adopted by the Roman Catholic Christian emperors after Emperor Constantine I the Great, and derived from Julius Caesar and from his nephew, Octavian, called Augustus, the first Emperor. Constantine I the Great preserved the title, as did the Byzantine Roman emperors, and it was later adopted by the Russian kings called Tsar, meaning Caesar. When Pope St Leo III, at the call of the Roman Senate, clergy and commons, transferred the imperial crown from the usurping and heretical Empress Irene in Byzantium (who had slain her own son, Emperor Constantine VI) to Charlemagne, King of the Franks, on Christmas Day 800 AD in Rome, he crowned him Caesar Augustus. In the German of the Teutonic tribes this was rendered Kaiser (Caesar) and later, Der Heilige Römische Kaiser or "Holy Roman Emperor". The last Roman Emperor, Kaiser Franz II (pictured above in traditional Coronation vestments and the Crown of Charlemagne), was overthrown by Corsican revolutionary and imprisoner of popes, Napoleon Bonaparte, who ushered in the modern era of moral, political and cultural corruption from which the world has been suffering ever since.
The Holy Roman Emperor
Kaiser (Caesar and Emperor) Francis I was the Duke of Lorraine, formerly an imperial territory, when he married the Holy Roman Empress Maria Theresia. She then had him made Holy Roman Emperor (after due election by the Prince-Electors). He is seen here in the sacred coronation vestments and the sacred Crown of the Emperor Charlemagne. He wears the imperial cope and the imperial stole as well as an imperial alb, all privileges of an emperor. In his hand he carries the imperial sceptre and wears the imperial sword. At his coronation, the Emperor is made a deacon, reads the Gospel and serves the Pontifical mass. The above representation is of the central painting in the Giants' Hall of the Innsbruck Hofburg, or Court Palace, which was magnificently re-decorated by Queen-Empress Maria Theresia during the reign of her husband, King-Emperor (Kaiser) Francis I, and further re-decorated after his death. Their reign was a highly successful one, materially, politically and spiritually.
S.R.I. Sacri Romani Imperii
In the same way that Cardinals are designated S.R.E - Sanctae Romanae Ecclesiae - "of the Holy Roman Church" - so the Prince-Electors of the Holy Roman Empire were designated S.R.I. - Sacri Romani Imperii - "of the Holy Roman Empire" - the "two swords" of the Church, the spiritual and the temporal, being thereby represented. At the apex of the spiritual was the Pope, the Pontifex Maximus of ancient Rome, and at the apex of the temporal was the Emperor, the Caesar Augustus (in German, Kaiser) of ancient Rome, here pictured above in the person of Emperor and Caesar (Kaiser) Joseph I. He is pictured wearing the sacred Crown of Charlemagne and the sacred coronation vestments and accoutrements. Emperor (Kaiser) Joseph (26 July 1678-17 April 1711) was Holy Roman Emperor from 1705 until his death in 1711. He was the eldest son of Emperor Leopold I, by his third wife, Eleonor Magdalene, Countess-Palatine of Neuburg. Joseph was crowned King of Hungary at the age of nine in 1687, and King in Germany at the age of eleven in 1690. He succeeded to the imperial throne and that of Bohemia when his father died. Although not a devout monarch, he nonetheless ruled reasonably and kept the Empire together and viable.
THE KNIGHTS OF RELIGION (1)
To defend Europe, the Holy Land and Jerusalem and the Holy Places, the Military-Religious Orders of Knighthood came into existence and were later given legal and special recognition by the Church. The most famous of these Orders were the Knights Templar, the Knights Hospitaller of St John, and the Knights Teutonic of St Mary of the Germans, the first two founded by Frenchmen and the latter by a German. They were the most formidable foes of the Islamic Jihadists who sought to conquer Jerusalem and thereafter Europe. They were military armies of knights, sergeants and men-at-arms, but also religious orders whose full members took the vows of religion - poverty, chastity and obedience. Their armies served on the frontiers of Christendom (particularly the Holy Land) but they kept many estates in Europe, run by their quartermaster knights and sergeants, to raise the necessary funds for the defence of Christendom. Because they were so trusted and well-disciplined, they were sought out by the rich and noble to protect their assets and, charging a fee for these services, these Orders became wealthy and were able to defend the boundaries of Christendom robustly. This extended even to providing naval patrols of the Mediterranean Sea against Jihadist pirates and Barbary (Berber) raiding corsairs who plundered the coasts of Europe, burning, pillaging and taking slaves, raping women and taking them as concubines back to Africa. These orders of knights were thus the greatest exemplars of Christian chivalry.
The knights of religion thus became the first and foremost defenders of Christian civilisation against its enemies. The Templars were suppressed due to the greed and ambition of King Phillipe IV "le Bel" of France, who was like a French precursor of England's King Henry VIII. The Hospitaller and Teutonic Knights were suppressed in Protestant countries at the Protestant Reformation and the Teutonic Knights continued in German lands until the end of the First World War which caused the virtual abolition of the Catholic kingdoms. Today only the Knights Hospitaller of St John are extant. After the Islamic victory in Palestine, when the last Hospitaller castle fell at the Siege of Acre in 1291, they went to Rhodes and thereafter to Malta which they famously, and successfully, defended against the massive Ottoman Muslim Great Siege of Malta in 1565. Ever since they have been called the Knights of Malta. Today the Knights of Malta have reverted to their first vocation, that of hospitaller, caring for the sick poor, re-living their ancient title, inscribed on the portals of their conventual churches, Servi Domini Nostri Pauperum Infirmorum - "the servants of our Lords, the sick poor", treating the sick poor as they would our Lord Himself - whilst continuing to defend religion. They have priories and associations all over the world, dispense around $1 billion of aid each year and their Headquarters is in Rome. They are recognised as a sovereign state, have ambassadors and their own passports, and the Grand Master is both a religious superior and a ruling prince. Pictured is Grand Master Jean Parisot de la Valette leading the knights at the Great Siege of 1565. Valetta, the capital of Malta today, was named after him. He wears the sopravestita or surcoat of the Order, bearing a white cross on a red field (the Templars had a red cross on a white field, now the national flags of England and of Savoy).
The Knights of Malta continue to occupy not only their headquarters in the Palazzo di Malta, Via Condotti, Rome, but also still occupy the Villa Malta, the palace of the Order's Grand Priory of Rome, on the Aventine Hill, one of the original Seven Hills of Rome. This palace is famous for its squint, the keyhole of the main gate, through which tourists can view the dome of St Peter's Basilica but which, through optical illusion, appears much greater than normal. The Aventine Palace also looks directly over the Sublician Bridge, the famous bridge defended, in ancient Roman times, by Publius Horatius Cocles against the invading Etruscan army of Lars Porsena of Clusium, immortalised by English author and public figure, Lord Macaulay (1800-1859), in his poem Horatius at the Bridge, first published in his Lays of Ancient Rome in 1842. It contains this well-known and most famous verse: "Then out spake brave Horatius, The Captain of the Gate: 'To every man, upon this earth, Death cometh soon or late. And how can man die better, Than facing fearful odds, For the ashes of his fathers, And the temples of his gods?' ". It is fitting that the site of the bridge for this famous scene should now lie directly below the palace of the Knights of Malta who, in times past, were called upon to defend Roman Christendom and Church.
the habsburgs
"Habsburg", the greatest of imperial names, is a municipality in the district of Brugg in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland. The name comes from Habichtsburg meaning "Hawk's Castle". Around 1020, Radbot of Habsburg built Habsburg castle, which was the original family seat of the Habsburgs, the dynasty that later became so prominent as Holy Roman Emperors. After the death of the sons of Emperor Frederick II there was an interregnum but then, in 1273, Count Rudolf of Habsburg was plucked from relative obscurity to be Roman Emperor, the Caesar of Christendom. His rule was very successful and he united the Empire. His memory caused later Prince-Electors to elect his family time and time again so that they occupied the Imperial throne until its end in 1806 and thereafter they became Emperors of Austria.
Tu felix Austria
Alii bella gerent, tu, felix Austria, nubes - "others make war but thou, O happy Austria, make love!" (It was said of the Holy Roman, later Austrian, Empire that it grew by dynastic alliances and royal marriages rather than by war, especially under the largely peace-loving Habsburg emperors.)
St Maurice, black patron saint of the Holy Roman Empire
St Maurice, Knight Commander of the Roman Theban Legion, was martyred with his whole legion of 6,600 for refusing to attack Christians and became, later, the black patron saint of knighthood, chivalry and the Holy Roman Empire. For centuries the Holy Roman Emperors were anointed at his altar in St Peter's Basilica. The site of his martyrdom, Agaunum, is now St Maurice-en-Valais, Switzerland, in the Aargau, the same area wherein lies the original castle of the Habsburgs. He is pictured with Bishop St Elmo. The modern ski resort of St Moritz is also named after this same St Maurice.
innsbruck hofkirche
The Innsbruck Hofkirche (Court Church) is probably the apotheosis of imperial court design and archtecture. Built in a Gothic church located in the Altstadt (Old Town) district of the imperial city of Innsbruck, Austria, it is a magnificent example of its kind. The church was built in 1553 by Emperor and Caesar (Kaiser) Ferdinand I (1503–1564) as a memorial to his grandfather Emperor and Caesar (Kaiser) Maximilian I (1459–1519), whose cenotaph (centre of picture) portrays a truly magnificent and remarkable collection of German Renaissance sculpture. The sacrophagus, although it does not contain the remains of Kaiser (Caesar and Emperor) Maximilian I, is nevertheless surrounded, in a guard of honour, by magnificent bronze statues of his most prominent relations and some of the great figures of history like King Clovis, first Christian king of the Franks, King Theodoric of the Goths, King Godfrey of Bouillon, King Arthur of Britain (amusingly styled "of England") and others. The church also boasts the tomb of Andreas Hofer, the folk hero of the Tryol who defended both Church and Empire against the invading Bonaparte and his hordes of anti-Catholic, Freemasonic and secularising invaders.
the loyal tyrol
The freedom- and peace-loving Tyroleans like to sing, dance and enjoy life. They were long faithful to the Holy Roman Emperor and he to them. In a foundational document, the Magna Carta of the Tyrol, and called the Tirolerfreiheitsbrief, or the "Imperial Tyrolean Freedom Brief", Kaiser (Emperor and Caesar Augustus) Maximilian I confirmed their right not to be taxed or drafted into military service without the consent of their Parliament, the Landtag in Innsbruck. They thus had "no taxation without representation" for some 600 years before the American revolutionaries thought they had invented the idea. Led in 1809 by the heroic innkeeper Andreas Hofer and others, including Josef Speckbacher and Capuchin friar, Father Joachim Haspinger, they defeated the invading troops of the anti-Catholic, Pope-imprisoning Bonaparte, three times. But Hofer was betrayed by a traitor, taken to Mantua for a show trial and then shot by personal order of the Corsican usurper. The Song of Andreas Hofer is now the proud anthem of the Tyrol.
the peace emperor
His Majesty, the Blessed Emperor Charles of Austria, heir to the Habsburg Holy Roman Empire, pictured as a young officer of cavalry; he later tried to stop the Great War, a fratricidal disaster orchestrated by the enemies of Christendom - but they let him not and instead persecuted him for his pious and chivalrous love of justice, charity and peace so that he died in exile aged just 34...
the peace pontiff
His Holiness, Pope St Pius X, also tried to stop the Great War which set brother against brother and Christian against Christian; his motto was omnia instaurare in Christo - to restore all things in Christ - but he, too, was prevented and persecuted and died a man of sorrows on the eve of the suicidal conflict he had so nobly tried to stop...
christian chivalry and honour
Chivalry, meaning the whole company of knights (from chevalier, French for a mounted knight), later came to mean the knightly Code of Honour. "Chivalry is only a name for that general spirit or state of mind which disposes men to heroic actions, and keeps them conversant with all that is beautiful and sublime in the intellectual and moral world" (The Broadstone of Honour, Kenelm Digby). "And there by ordnance of the Queen it was judged upon Sir Gawaine for ever after he should be with all ladies, and fight their quarrels, and that he should never refuse mercy to him that asketh mercy. Thus was Gawaine sworn upon the four Evangelists" (Morte d'Arthur, Sir Thomas Malory). The chief virtues of Chivalry are Courtesy, Mercy, Religion, Generosity, Hospitality, Courage and Defence of the weak and helpless.
St Bridget of Sweden
St Bridget of Sweden received great revelations concerning chivalry, founded the Order of the Most Holy Saviour and the Royal Convent of Vadstena, Sweden, esteemed and encouraged the military-religious orders and urged and rebuked bishops and popes - especially the latter for not returning to Rome from his "Babylonish captivity" at Avignon in France. Our Lord appeared to her, extolling chivalry, and saying: "A knight who keeps the laws of his order is exceedingly dear to me. For if it is hard for a monk to wear his heavy habit, it is harder still for a knight to wear his heavy armour".
of courtesy
"Of Courtesy, it is much less, Than Courage of Heart or Holiness, Yet in my Walks it seems to me, That the Grace of God is in Courtesy... Our Lady out of Nazareth rode, It was Her month of heavy load; Yet was her face both great and kind, For Courtesy was in Her Mind." (On Courtesy, Hilaire Belloc).
inventio crucis per helena
Roman Empress Saint Helena (Flavia Iulia Helena Augusta), wife of Emperor Constantius Chlorus, and the mother of Emperor Constantine, in 325, on pilgrimage to Jerusalem, discovered the True Cross near Calvary and ordered the building of the Church of the Holy Sepulchre. She also found the nails of the Crucifixion. Her palace in Rome was later converted into Santa Croce in Gerusalemme. It was also said that she was a daughter of King Coel of Camulodunum ("Old King Cole") and it is clear that Constantine learned of Christianity in Britain.
Blessed Pope Pius IX
Once the enemies of the Church had secured the fall of the Holy Roman Empire, their next target was the Papal States. Under the false guise of Italian Nationalism (which later became Fascism), the secularists of the Risorgimento replaced the benign rule of the popes with that of the corrupt and decadent King Victor Emmanuel of Savoy and his even worse ministers. Once the walls of Rome were breached, Blessed Pope Pius IX ordered his loyal troops, who included many from the great Catholic families of Europe, to surrender lest there be blood spilt in the streets of the Holy City. After that he and his successors remained prisoners of the Italian revolutionaries until 1929. The next target for the revolutionaries was the Austrian Empire and they achieved their aim by 1918, careless that it had cost the lives of tens of millions of young men, senselessly slaughtered in the trenches of the Great War.
Pontifical Zouaves of Pius IX
The Pontifical Zouaves formed part of the infantry troops that defended the Papal States and Rome in 1870 when the Italian revolutionaries attacked with the aim of annexing them and imprisoning the Pope. The Pope frequently visited his loyal Zouaves and was warmly received by all the officers and men of this gallant band of Catholic heroes.
pope innocent iii on the empire
"...We acknowledge as we are bound, that the right and authority to elect a king (later to be elevated to the Imperial throne) belongs to those princes to whom it is known to belong by right and ancient custom; especially as this right and authority came to them from the Apostolic See, which transferred the Empire from the Greeks to the Germans in the person of Charles the Great. But the princes should recognize, and assuredly do recognize, that the right and authority to examine the person so elected king (to be elevated to the Empire) belongs to us who anoint, consecrate and crown him." (Venerabilem, 1202, Pope Innocent III)
POPE PIUS VI ON MONARCHY
"In fact, after having abolished the monarchy, the best of all governments, it [the French Revolution] had transferred all the public power to the people — the people... ever easy to deceive and to lead into every excess…" (Pourquoi Notre Voix, 17 July 1793, Pope Pius VI). This unfortunate and heroic pope was persecuted to an early death by Bonaparte, whose general, Berthier, took Papal Rome on 10 February 1798, and, proclaiming a Roman Republic, demanded of Pope Pius VI the renunciation of his temporal authority. Upon his refusal he was made prisoner, and on 20 February was taken to Siena, and thence to the Certosa, near Florence. Thereafter he was taken to Parma, Piacenza, Turin and, then, via Grenoble to the citadel of Valence, the chief town of Drôme. There he died, on 29 August 1799, six weeks after his arrival, worn out by his ill-treatment, after an otherwise long papacy. The French revolutionaries persistently blocked his proper burial and obsequies which did not take place until 19 February 1802 in Rome.
aquinas on kingship
"If therefore, kingship, which is the best form of government, seems to be worthy of avoidance mainly because of the danger of tyranny, and if tyranny tends to arise not less but more often under the government of several, the straightforward conclusion remains that it is more advantageous to live under one king than under the rule of several persons." (De Regimine Principum, chapter VI, St Thomas Aquinas)
BELLARMINE ON MONARCHY
"If monarchy is the best and most excellent government, as above we have shown, and it is certain that the Church of God, instituted by the most sapient prince Christ, ought to be best governed, who can deny that the government of it ought to be a monarchy?" (De Romano Pontifice, St Robert Bellarmine)
dante on monarchy
"[The] Imperial authority derives immediately from the summit of all being, which is God...But before the Church existed, or while it lacked power to act, the Empire had active force in full measure. Hence the Church is the source neither of acting power nor of authority in the Empire, where power to act and authority are identical...since it is impossible that an effect should exist prior to its cause...Christ attests it, as we said before, in His birth and death. The Church attests it in Paul's declaration to Festus in the Acts of the Apostles: 'I stand at Caesar's judgment seat, where I ought to be judged'; and in the admonition of God's angel to Paul a little later: 'Fear not, Paul; thou must be brought before Caesar'; and again still later in Paul's words to the Jews dwelling in Italy: 'And when the Jews spake against it, I was constrained to appeal unto Caesar; not that I had aught to accuse my nation of', but 'that I might deliver my soul from death'. If Caesar had not already possessed the right to judge temporal matters, Christ would not have implied that he did, the angel would not have uttered such words, nor would he who said, 'I desire to depart and be with Christ', have appealed to an unqualified judge". (De Monarchia, Book III, Ch.XIII, Dante Alighieri)
return of the king
"From the ashes a fire shall be woken, a light from the shadows shall spring, renewed shall be blade that was broken, the crownless again shall be king!" (The Lord of the Rings, JRR Tolkien, Roman Catholic author)
the royal stuarts - aymez loyauté - love loyalty
Prince Charles Edward Stuart ("Bonnie Prince Charlie"), with Cameron of Lochiel, on his right, and Lord Forbes of Pitsligo (or possibly MacDonald of Clanranald), his most faithful followers among the Jacobite Clan chiefs. Aymez Loyauté ("love loyalty") was the motto of the Royal Stuarts, the legitimate kings of Britain and Ireland but illegally excluded from their rightful throne because, since King James II and VII, they were Roman Catholics and wished to repeal the disgracefully savage laws that meant a man could be hanged, drawn and quartered for repudiating the Anglican and Presbyterian State churches. King James issued a "Declaration of Indulgence" giving religious freedom to his subjects. However, the bigoted anti-Catholic Whigs plotted and instigated treason and invited a foreign power to invade Britain and Ireland, establishing a Dutch Protestant as king. "Dutch Billy" was a pawn of the rich Capitalist Whig oligarchs in Parliament who had disloyally betrayed their true king.
Royal Stuart Arms
skye boat song
"Burned are our homes, exile and death, Scatter the loyal men, Yet, e'er the sword cool in the sheath, Charlie will come again."
henry ix and i, cardinal-king
Prince Henry Benedict Stuart, Duke of York and brother of Bonnie Prince Charlie, later became Cardinal-bishop of Ostia and Velletri and of Frascati, Dean of the Sacred College of Cardinals, Vice-Chancellor of the Holy Roman Church and, de jure, King Henry IX of England, I of Scotland and Ireland and King of France. He was very nearly elected Pope in the Conclave of 1800 so that he would then have been both Pope and King of England. He died 13 July 1807, just after the fall of the Holy Roman Empire, so that 2007 was the bicentenary of his death.
the old chevalier
Prince James Francis Edward Stuart, the son of King James II and VII, was de jure King James III of England and VIII of Scotland, the father of Bonnie Prince Charlie and Prince Henry, Cardinal Duke of York. All 3 are now buried in St Peter's Basilica, Rome, commemorated by a famous Canova monument on the left side of the Basilica. James was a faithful Catholic and monarch. Offered the throne of Britain and Ireland by the British Whigs if he converted to Protestantism, he replied that nothing would induce him to abandon his religion. He was thus compelled to fight for his lawful right to the throne but was prevented by treacherous enemies. The result was that the people of Britain and Ireland were delivered into the hands of the brutal Capitalist Whigs and the British, and especially Irish, people became deeply pauperised and shamefully oppressed. The Protestant writer William Cobbett who lived at the time, wrote of even children being starved to death, hanged for stealing sixpence and transported to the colonies for petty crimes, never to see their families again. Roman Catholics in particular were subjected to one of the most savage and oppressive Penal Codes ever to have disgraced European history. This tyranny was the real legacy of the anti-Catholic Whigs.
Vatican monument to the Royal Stuarts
The Monument to the Royal Stuarts is a memorial in St. Peter's Basilica in the Vatican City State. It commemorates the last three members of the Royal House of Stuart: King James III & VIII, his elder son Prince Charles Edward Stuart, and his younger son, Cardinal Prince Henry Benedict Stuart. The marble monument is by Antonio Canova, the most celebrated Italian sculptor of his day. It is a bas relief profile of the three exiled princes, with this inscription: IACOBO•III•IACOBI•II•MAGNAE•BRIT•REGIS•FILIO•KAROLO•EDVARDO•ET•HENRICO•DECANO•PATRUM•CARDINALIVM•IACOBI•III•FILIIS•REGIAE•STIRPIS•STVARDIAE•POSTREMIS•ANNO•M•DCCC•XIX (To James III, son of King James II of Great Britain, to Charles Edward and to Henry, Dean of the Cardinal Fathers, sons of James III, the last of the Royal House of Stuart. 1819.) The monument was originally commissioned by Monsignor Angelo Cesarini, executor of the estate of Cardinal Henry Stuart. Among the subscribers, curiously, was King George IV, who (once the Jacobite challenge had ended) was an admirer of the Stuarts. The monument stands towards the back of the basilica in the left aisle opposite the main door.. It is frequently adorned with white flowers by Jacobites.
Vatican monument for Queen Maria Clementina
Opposite the monument to the Royal Stuarts in St Peter's Basilica is a monument to Queen Maria Klementyna Sobieska, wife of King James III & VIII and mother of Prince Charles Edward Stuart and Cardinal Prince Henry Benedict Stuart. Its inscription reads: MARIA CLEMENTINA M. BRITANN. FRANC. ET HIBERN. REGINA ("Maria Clementina, Queen of Great Britain, France and Ireland"). The reference to France is a continuance of the Plantagenet claim to the French throne, not abandoned until the French Revolution. She was born on 18 July 1702 in Ohlau, Silesia, in the Holy Roman Empire. Her parents were Prince James Louis Sobieski (1667–1737), the eldest son of King John III, and Countess Palatine Hedwig Elisabeth of Neuburg (1673–1722). Imprisoned by the Holy Roman Emperor Charles VI who was placating King George I of England (the Hanoverian supplanter) so as to prevent her marrying King James, she was rescued by dashing Irish Jacobite, the Chevalier Senator Sir Charles Wogan Bt, in most romantic style. Following her marriage to King James on 3 September 1719 in the Chapel of the episcopal palace of Montefiascone in the Cathedral of Santa Margherita, James and Maria Clementina were invited to reside in Rome at the special request of Pope Clement XI, who acknowledged them as the King and Queen of England, Scotland and Ireland.
distributive justice
Gilbert Keith Chesterton was the apostle of Distributism by which, learning from the Guild system of the Middle Ages and the teaching of the popes, he re-fashioned a model that avoided the extremes of Capitalism and Communism. It was based upon the principle of Subsidiarity that had been the guiding political philosophy of both Church and Empire in times past but which is today much misunderstood and misrepresented. Here is how the Church defines it: "Still, that most weighty principle, which cannot be set aside or changed, remains fixed and unshaken in social philosophy: Just as it is gravely wrong to take from individuals what they can accomplish by their own initiative and industry and give it to the community, so also it is an injustice and at the same time a grave evil and disturbance of right order to assign to a greater and higher association what lesser and subordinate organizations can do. For every social activity ought of its very nature to furnish help to the members of the body social, and never destroy and absorb them." (Quadragesimo Anno, encyclical letter of Pope Pius IX)
an irish bishop on kings
"The character of kings is sacred; their persons are inviolable; they are the anointed of the Lord, if not with sacred oil, at least by virtue of their office. Their power is broad - based upon the will of God, and not on the shifting sands of the people's will... They will be spoken of with becoming reverence, instead of being in public estimation fitting butts for all foul tongues. It becomes a sacrilege to violate their persons, and every indignity offered to them in word or act, becomes an indignity offered to God Himself. It is this view of kingly rule that alone can keep alive in a scoffing and licentious age the spirit of ancient loyalty that spirit begotten of faith, combining in itself obedience, reverence, and love for the majesty of kings which was at once a bond of social union, an incentive to noble daring, and a salt to purify the heart from its grosser tendencies, preserving it from all that is mean, selfish and contemptible." (Dr John Healy, early 20th Century Roman Catholic Archbishop of Tuam, Ireland)
roman and christian
"Christianity as well as civilisation became conterminous with the Roman Empire. To be a Roman was to be a Christian and this idea soon passed into the converse. To be a Christian was to be a Roman."
(The Holy Roman Empire, James, Viscount Bryce, barrister, politician, historian, Regius Professor of Civil Law and Fellow of Trinity and Oriel Colleges, Oxford)
christian rome
"She was not merely an image of the mighty world, she was the mighty world itself in miniature. The pastor of her local church is also the universal bishop; the seven suffragan bishops who consecrate him are overseers of petty Sees in Ostia, Antium, and the like, towns lying close round Rome: the cardinal priests and deacons who join these seven in electing him derive their title to be princes of the Church, the supreme spiritual council of the Christian world, from the incumbency of a parochial cure within the precincts of the city. Similarly, her ruler, the Emperor, is ruler of mankind; he is deemed to be chosen by the acclamations of her people: he must be duly crowned in one of her basilicas. She is, like Jerusalem of old, the mother of us all."
(The Holy Roman Empire, James, Viscount Bryce)
After Rome: Communism and the bogus "Third Reich"
After the appalling bloodshed of the Great War and the fall of the Austrian Empire in 1918, and with it the idea of the Roman Empire, the gaping void was filled first with tears and sorrow and then with Marxist Socialism in Russia and National Socialism in Germany. Both Communists and Nazis persecuted Roman Catholicism. The Nazis even pretended to be successors of the first and Roman Empire, and of the German Protestant Empire but their claim to be a "Third Reich" was bogus and they were condemned by the Church and by all civilised men. Men hypocritically speak of the violence of former centuries but no century has ever been anything like as bloody as the 20th century.
Tribunus
Western culture is, above all else, Roman - and Christian Roman at that. This is so because it has been shaped and defined by Roman Catholicism, ruled by a Roman Emperor, guided by a Roman Pontiff and blessed by Roman rites in a Roman language. Even its enemies have been forced to recognise this. Our laws, our science, our culture, our art, our music, our literature, our parliaments, our scholarship, our primary institutions all derive from this Roman and Christian heritage. The oldest rite of worship in the Christian Church is the classical, Roman rite, deriving, as it does, from the ancient Jewish Temple worship, perfected under Roman rule. It is theologically unsurpassed. It is a timeless love song to the Creator of all things. In a curious "trahison des clercs", many today, even amongst the clergy, have forgotten this and so have become disconnected from their spiritual and cultural roots. It is perhaps time to recall and re-capture our traditions and to re-connect with them in a modern setting.
Pope Francis - the interview in America and the fa...
16 September - the anniversary of the death of our...
The definitive new Order of Mass for the Personal ...
Andrew Cusack
Blessed Emperor Charles of Austria
Constantinian Order of St George
Cor Jesu Sacratissimum
Guy Sainty's Chivalric Orders site
HIRH Archduke Otto of Austria
Order of Malta in Britain
Roman Miscellany
Royal Stuart Society
Tea at Trianon
The Conventual Church of St John of Jerusalem in London
The Muniment Room


text:
.class Landroid/support/v4/app/NotificationCompat$NotificationCompatImplHoneycomb;
.super Landroid/support/v4/app/NotificationCompat$NotificationCompatImplBase;
.source "NotificationCompat.java"

# annotations
.annotation system Ldalvik/annotation/EnclosingClass;
    value = Landroid/support/v4/app/NotificationCompat;
.end annotation

.annotation system Ldalvik/annotation/InnerClass;
    accessFlags = 0x8
    name = "NotificationCompatImplHoneycomb"
.end annotation

# direct methods
.method constructor <init>()V
    .locals 0

    .prologue
    .line 555
    invoke-direct {p0}, Landroid/support/v4/app/NotificationCompat$NotificationCompatImplBase;-><init>()V

    return-void
.end method

# virtual methods
.method public build(Landroid/support/v4/app/NotificationCompat$Builder;)Landroid/app/Notification;
    .locals 10
    .param p1, "b"    # Landroid/support/v4/app/NotificationCompat$Builder;

    .prologue
    .line 558
    iget-object v0, p1, Landroid/support/v4/app/NotificationCompat$Builder;->mContext:Landroid/content/Context;

    iget-object v1, p1, Landroid/support/v4/app/NotificationCompat$Builder;->mNotification:Landroid/app/Notification;

    iget-object v2, p1, Landroid/support/v4/app/NotificationCompat$Builder;->mContentTitle:Ljava/lang/CharSequence;

    iget-object v3, p1, Landroid/support/v4/app/NotificationCompat$Builder;->mContentText:Ljava/lang/CharSequence;

    iget-object v4, p1, Landroid/support/v4/app/NotificationCompat$Builder;->mContentInfo:Ljava/lang/CharSequence;

    iget-object v5, p1, Landroid/support/v4/app/NotificationCompat$Builder;->mTickerView:Landroid/widget/RemoteViews;

    iget v6, p1, Landroid/support/v4/app/NotificationCompat$Builder;->mNumber:I

    iget-object v7, p1, Landroid/support/v4/app/NotificationCompat$Builder;->mContentIntent:Landroid/app/PendingIntent;

    iget-object v8, p1, Landroid/support/v4/app/NotificationCompat$Builder;->mFullScreenIntent:Landroid/app/PendingIntent;

    iget-object v9, p1, Landroid/support/v4/app/NotificationCompat$Builder;->mLargeIcon:Landroid/graphics/Bitmap;

    invoke-static/range {v0 .. v9}, Landroid/support/v4/app/NotificationCompatHoneycomb;->add(Landroid/content/Context;Landroid/app/Notification;Ljava/lang/CharSequence;Ljava/lang/CharSequence;Ljava/lang/CharSequence;Landroid/widget/RemoteViews;ILandroid/app/PendingIntent;Landroid/app/PendingIntent;Landroid/graphics/Bitmap;)Landroid/app/Notification;

    move-result-object v0

    return-object v0
.end method

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Q: How do you embed video in Grafana? I am trying to embed an MP4 into a Grafana dashboard on an Ubuntu 18.04 server. I have entered this into the "text" dashboard in HTML mode.
<video width="320" height="240" controls autoplay loop>
  <source src="/home/testing/Downloads/video.mp4" type="video/mp4">
  Your browser does not support the video tag.
</video>

This shows the controls but does not show the video. When I put the same code in an html page on its own, however, the video shows as expected.
I have also placed a video in /var/www/html but this fails to show too.
What am I doing wrong here?

A: As mentioned in comments the correct way to do this would be to move the video into the grafana public folder and serve it from there.
On the grafana server, move the video to /usr/share/grafana/public/video , you will have to create this folder first (owned by root and perms 755)
Then within the panel, your html would simply be
<video width="320" height="240" controls autoplay loop>
  <source src="/public/video/video.mp4" type="video/mp4">
  Your browser does not support the video tag.
</video>

A: All script type tags were disabled in a previous version of Grafana for security purposes. To enable them, un-comment this line in /etc/grafana/grafana.ini - it's near the bottom.
;disable_sanitize_html = false

Then set it to true
disable_sanitize_html = true

Worth bearing in mind that this could be a significant security risk. Do so at your own risk.
This will enable the video tag as well as iframe, so you will also be able to embed YouTube videos. Unfortunately, I have not been successful in getting either local or YouTube video to loop, so YouTube live streams seem to be the best bet. I currently have a Grafana dashboard playing Sky News, for example.
As @tomgalpin has noted, you can put a video file in /usr/share/grafana/public/video so that Grafana can serve it. I'd stick with YouTube if possible though.

A: In a panel plugin, put your mp4 in src/img/ and use this in your ReactJs component:
<video src="/public/plugins/your-plugin-name/img/sample-mp4-file.mp4" width="320" height="240" controls loop></video>

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


REDWOOD CITY, Calif., Jan. 27, 2015 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Support.com, Inc. (Nasdaq:SPRT), a leading provider of cloud-based software and services for technology support, announced today that it was awarded research firm Frost & Sullivan's 2014 Company of the Year for Support Interaction Optimization (SIO). This "Best Practices" award solidifies Support.com's leadership position in addressing increasingly complex business needs with its Nexus offering, an SIO tool that provides its users the competitive advantage of exceptional customer support.
"Support Interaction Optimization is a fast-growing contact center market category and one where we are experiencing significant demand from all types of companies that have complex problems to solve," said Elizabeth Cholawsky, president and CEO of Support.com. "We are deeply gratified to be recognized as Frost & Sullivan's Company of the Year in this important market."
SIO combines customer guided problem resolution, remote support, sophisticated analytics and performance management to deliver highly streamlined and effective technical support. Frost & Sullivan values the SIO market at $1.3 billion globally in 2014, growing at a CAGR of 12.1%, doubling to $2.6 billion by 2020. Guided resolution, the flagship capability of Support.com's Nexus, is the fastest growing SIO sub-market, at a CAGR of 20.2%. Nexus topped 20 other vendors in the space when measured against Frost & Sullivan's stringent criteria.
"To win the Company of the Year award requires an organization to demonstrate excellence in growth, innovation and leadership," said Frost & Sullivan's Brendan Read, industry analyst. "We applaud Support.com for leading in the SIO industry. Support.com's Nexus outshone its competitors by offering superior performance in all three key areas."
Each year Frost & Sullivan Best Practices Awards recognize companies in a variety of markets for demonstrating outstanding achievement in areas such as leadership, technological innovation and customer service. Industry specialists compare participants through in-depth interviews, analysis and extensive secondary research to identify best practices leaders in the industry.
Support.com, Inc. (Nasdaq:SPRT) is a leading provider of cloud-based software and services for technology support, including the Nexus® Support Interaction Optimization (SIO) solution that enables companies to boost agent productivity, dramatically improve the customer experience and more quickly resolve complex technology support issues. Nexus and our support programs help leading brands in cable, retail, software and other connected technology industries create new revenue streams and deepen customer relationships. For more information, please visit us at www.support.com.
Copyright © 2015 Support.com, Inc. All rights reserved. Support.com and Nexus are trademarks or registered trademarks of Support.com, Inc. in the U.S. and other countries. All other trademarks and trade names are the property of their respective owners.
This release contains "forward-looking statements" as defined under the U.S. federal securities laws, including the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, and is subject to the safe harbors created by such laws. Forward-looking statements include, for example, all statements relating to expected financial performance; the plans and objectives of management for future operations, customer relationships, products, services or investments; personnel matters; and future performance in economic and other terms. Such forward-looking statements are based on current expectations that involve a number of uncertainties and risks that may cause actual events or results to differ materially including, among others, our ability to successfully develop support products beyond those for personal computers and home networks, our ability retain and grow existing programs, our ability to expand our customer base, our ability to market and sell our Nexus service delivery platform on a SaaS basis, our ability to successfully develop new products and services, our ability to maintain and grow revenue from new programs, our ability to manage our workforce effectively, our ability to retain key personnel, and our ability to control expenses and achieve desired margins. These and other risks may be detailed from time to time in Support.com's periodic reports filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, including, but not limited to, its latest Annual Report on Form 10-K and its latest Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, copies of which may be obtained from www.sec.gov. Support.com assumes no obligation to update its forward-looking statements.


text:
All experiences are good, whether or not they turn out well – there is always something to be gained.
Hôtel Plaza Athénée Paris
Angelo Musa
Pâtisserie Paris Chef Hotel Restaurant Patissier
Angelo Musa is the executive pastry Chef at the famous Plaza Athénée on avenue Montaigne. After having twice turned down the position, he finally accepted the appointment by Alain Ducasse, chef of the Plaza Athenée's three star restaurant. He is one of very few chefs to have been elected both Pastry World Champion and Meilleur Ouvrier de France MOF (Best Craftsman in France). He was a participant in the 'Patisserie des Rêves''s project, a pastry shop we can also enjoy in Japan. I had the chance to interview him.
Interview Points
Point1. Be proud of your amazing profession. Take the time to learn. Understand that success doesn't come overnight.
Point2. Even if things don't work out the way you want and you are disappointed, don't give up. Opportunities will eventually come your way.
Point3. Get the best from every experience. Even in the face of difficulty, gather your strength and move forward.
The person whom you work with is really important
What is the work of an Executive Chef?
You have to create new desserts, according to the season, which fit the themes of our various venues, restaurants, cafés, tearooms, bars… In addition to Monsieur Alain Ducasse's three star restaurant, there is great variety: the brasserie "Le Relais Plaza", "La Galerie", "La Cour Jardin", "La Terrasse Montaigne", "Le Bar du Plaza Athénée", and the room service.
In addition, we have to create desserts for specific events. For instance: Christmas Yules, Galette des Rois (French Twelfth Night cake), and Easter eggs.
Our quest is for something beautiful, interesting, and delicious that can't be found elsewhere. It's easy to make something pretty, but the most important thing is the taste. Making something really delicious requires the technique and experience of a professional.
You work at the 'Plaza Athénée' ten days a month, and you do consulting the rest of the time. What does it mean for a pastry chef to be a consultant?
I just returned from Mexico, where I was helping out a French company. Sometimes I propose new products, but often I take the existing products and work on them to make them more delicious and attractive.
This week, for example, I worked on the chocolate cake. It was too sweet and there was something wrong with the texture. We modified the cake, while still keeping its spirit. We changed the texture and decreased the sugar to make it an even better product.
What I really like is when the owner of the place tastes the new version of the product, notices the improvement, and shows his appreciation.
I also give advice to French companies wanting to expand or export overseas.
What are your criteria for accepting a job?
I like to be with people with whom I enjoy working. I'm forty-six and have been in this profession for twenty-seven years, but there are always new challenges and situations where I must start from scratch.
It's important to find pleasure in your work. If you are happy, you make the client and the hotel management happy.
I have to prove to the management that I'm implementing their request, and I have to give the clients what they're looking for. That's why it's really important to appreciate the people you work with.
Great encounters lead to the next stage
'La Pâtisserie des Rêves' has been very successful. There are three shops in Paris, plus others in Japan, Milano, and Abu Dhabi. What is the key to success?
First of all, we restyled and modernized the classic French cakes in order to adapt them to today's tastes. We have reinvented French classics. We start with old favorites, such as the St Honoré cake, the Paris-Brest, the Flan (custard flan), the orange tart, the mocha cake, and the Eclair. Then we make use of all the evolution in our craft – using new materials, new techniques, and the best ingredients – to enhance the product and make it as delicious and as pretty as possible, yet also as simple as possible.
Philippe Conticini, Thierry Teyssier, and I worked as a team. I first got to know him when he was coaching the French team at the Pastry World Championship. Then he introduced me to Thierry Teyssier, and after the opening of 'La Pâtisserie des Rêves', we worked together for five years.
That's how I came to work in Japan. We have been able to expand 'La Patisserie des Rêves' to Kyoto and Osaka.
Then I left 'La Pâtisserie des Rêves' to go back to work for two years in Metz, in Claude Bourguignon's (my old mentor) pastry shop. His daughter had just taken over the shop and I went there to help her out.
After that, I worked as a consultant and a lecturer for a while, before being called here this year by Alain Ducasse.
How is it working at 'Plaza Athénée'?
I'm excited to be facing this new challenge, just like a child having fun baking cakes. I received a very warm welcome and the place is magic. For a pastry chef, this is the very best possible kind of adventure. I love this profession and feel as excited and curious about it as a child – I enjoy every moment of every day.
Aside from 'La Pâtisserie des Rêves' didn't you also have other activities in Japan?
I worked on promotional events for a French chocolate company, Cacao Barry, and I was teaching pastry classes too. The first time I came to Japan was in 2003. After our victory at the Pastry World Championship, Valrhona took the French team on a Japanese tour.
I was thrilled from the beginning and have visited every year since. I would like to have more opportunities to go – if someone were to come forward with a pastry shop project, I probably wouldn't hesitate.
Foodion - A media website for a better food industry
25 avenue Montaigne, 75008 Paris FRANCE
Alma-Marceau station, Franklin Roosevelt station (Metro 9, line 1)
Charcutier
Nordic cuisine
Hideaki Sato
Ta Vie (Tabi)
Tanaka Kazuyuki
Restaurant Racine
Arnaud Lallement
L'ASSIETTE CHAMPENOISE
Incorporating Japanese and French cuisine into authentic Chinese cuisine, bringing a new perspective to Chinese cuisine with carefully chosen ingredients
Sawada Shuhei
Chugokusai S.Sawada
To pass down the cultures that have been continued by our ancestors, I would like to create an environment where Japanese people can communicate the attractiveness of Japanese cuisine.
Yoshihiro Takahashi
Hyotei
I want to help make sure the job of charcutier, and the culture of knowing meat, survives for the next 100 years and beyond.
Hirohiko Kusuda
METZGEREI KUSUDA
Hideaki Sato Ta Vie (Tabi) A journey to the present through a wholehearted desire to know more about cooking
Tanaka Kazuyuki Restaurant Racine I seek for the restaurant who provides "perfect cuisine" that combines beauty and taste
Arnaud Lallement L'ASSIETTE CHAMPENOISE A three Michelin-starred chef at his beloved region, Champagne, presents how restaurants should be with maintaining his family-owned and operated restaurant.
Yuichiro Watanabe Nabeno-Ism You absolutely cannot cook by yourself. The essence of French cuisine, learned from the masters
Takayoshi Watanabe Teru Sushi Competing with the world from Tobata! Teru Sushi's mission

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


This is a pair of 1970s vintage El Dita's black leather slingbacks. The strappy open toe shoes have a slingback across the heel with buckle closure. A sleek little high heel adds to the chic look.
In good condition. Some general wear to the insole.


text:
El cicle de caixa és el temps que passa, en dies, des del moment en què es fa el pagament de les compres fins al moment en què rebem el cobrament dels clients.

Enllaços externs
 Measuring the Cash Conversion Cycle in an International Supply Chain. Thammasat Business School

Control de gestió

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Glazed entrance door with display windows to both sides.
Stairs to first floor. Access to the office. Door to Undercover Area.
Fitted with work top surfaces. Access to storage room.
Plastic corrugated roof. Door to walk in storage area. Access to toilet.
Low level WC. Vinyl floor covering.
Fitted shelving all round. Butler sink unit with hot water heater.
Enclosed with side access to Victoria Street. Corrugated store room.
AGENT'S NOTE: Upon completion the current owners would like to retain use of the store room for a maximum of 12 months under licence and rent free. (this will enable them to store their stock as they sell it).
We are selling the freehold interest only and not a going concern.
Window to rear aspect. Stairs to second floor.
Sash bay window to front aspect. Fireplace, Power points.
Window to rear aspect. Power points.
Window to front and rear aspect. In Need of repair.


No more talking. Parsing words. Dissecting sentences. Nit-picking facial ticks. It's time for action. Obama needs to show us something. Not tell us anything else. Enough Letterman, Daily Show, View. Honey Boo Boo.
Where's our October surprise? Better hurry up. It's almost Halloween. Exhibit leadership. Do something Presidential. Catch a bunch of bad guys. Bring all the soldiers home. Make it big. Make it good. Or, Trick not Treat. In a couple of weeks, we could face threat of troops to Iran under President PuppMitt.
Comforting weekend fare. Veggie Lasagne. RecipeDetours.
If polls are correct, could come true.
C'mon up. Gorgeous day. Color finally popping.


SM奴隷化調教 耽美の保健室 白石 恵. SM奴隷化調教 耽美の保健室 白石 恵. Red Hot Fetish Collection Vol 37 桐谷. 五月22号 各式各样 应有尽有 自拍偷拍. Miss Uniform 4 All 丝袜制服小姐4. Red Hot Jam Vol.141 究極中出大亂交. THE ANIMATION Ghost.1-2. 警告:本站含有成人信息 This Site Contains Adult Contents, No Entry For Less Than 18-Years-Old! 情色内容请勿长期沉迷,有害身心健康,成人内容健康获取,知足长乐!


We love backpacks here at Cruiser Gear, but we have never been able to find the right backpack; one that balances durability with comfort, one that bridges the gap between rugged utility, and every-day convenience, and on top of that, we wanted a place to stick our favorite patches! So we designed our own!
Introducing the Cruiser Gear Patchpack! Available in Tan and Charcoal!


Published 04/20/2019 09:11:28 am at 04/20/2019 09:11:28 am in Ceramic Pepper Grinder.
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Poco Cielo, loosely translated, means "little heaven." Our small, private hotel has nine intimate guest rooms, an on-site restaurant and cantina, the most friendly staff on the coast, and we are here awaiting your arrival!
The R.V. park and restaurant have been serving tourist and locals since 1970. It is a popular stop for R.V. caravan companies.


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The Cecil Hotel Has a Chilling History
Omar Abubakar
heltered within downtown Los Angeles' busy streets is one of the most infamous buildings in horror myths — the Cecil Hotel.
Since it began business in 1927, the Cecil Hotel has experienced many mysterious and unfortunate incidents. These incidents have given it an unrivaled reputation for horror. At least seventeen different suicides, murders, and paranormal events have occurred in the hotel. Even more alarming — the hotel served as a temporary home for some of America's most notorious serial killers! This is the unpleasant history of Los Angeles' Cecil Hotel.
The Cecil Hotel of 1927 was Glorious!
Hotelier William Banks Hanner built the Cecil in 1924. Hanner meant it to be a destination hotel for social elites and international business people. He spent approximately $1 million on the 700-room hotel, complete with a marble lobby, palm trees, stained-glass windows, and an ornate staircase.
Unfortunately, Hanner would come to regret his investment. Barely two years after commissioning the Cecil, the world — including Los Angeles — experienced the Great Depression. Soon enough, the area around the Cecil Hotel would become 'Skid Row' — a shelter for thousands of homeless people.
The formerly beautiful hotel eventually gained a reputation as a commune for runaways, addicts, and criminals. Even worse, Cecil ultimately gained a reputation for death and chaos.
The Cecil Hotel: A Serial Killer's Abode
The Cecil Hotel has served as a temporary abode for some of the cruelest murderers in American history. In the mid-80s, Richard Ramirez —a serial killer, the murderer of 13 people, better known as the Night Stalker— stayed in a room on the top floor of the hotel during most of his killing spree.
After killing his most recent victim, he'd throw his bloodstained clothes into the hotel's dumpster and walk into the hotel stark-naked or in just his underwear. According to Journalist Josh Dean, his appearance wouldn't have raised an eyebrow "since Cecil in the 1980s… was total, unmitigated chaos."
Ramirez was able to stay at the Cecil for just $14 per night. With bodies of addicts and hobos found in alleyways near the hotel, and in its hallways, Ramirez's sketchy lifestyle went unchecked.
In 1991, Jack Unterweger — an Austrian serial killer that strangled prostitutes with their bras — also lived in the hotel. Rumors emphasize that Unterweger chose the spot because of its connection to Ramirez.
The area around the Cecil was teeming with prostitutes, so Unterweger haunted the surroundings repeatedly in search of victims. A prostitute he allegedly killed disappeared down the street from the hotel, and he even claimed to have dated the hotel's receptionist.
Murder and Suicide At Los Angeles' "Most Haunted Hotel"
In the 1930s alone, the Cecil Hotel was the location of at least six suicides. Some residents shot themselves, while others ingested poison, jumped out of their bedroom windows, or slit their throats.
For example, in 1934, a sergeant, Louis Borden, split open his throat with a razor. Roy Thompson also committed suicide a little over three years later by jumping from a room in the hotel. He was found on the skylight of a nearby building. Thompson was a member of the Marine Corps.
The following decades only brought more gruesome deaths. In September 1944, Dorothy Jean Purcell — a 19-year-old — woke up in the middle of the night with a stomach ache. Purcell had lodged at the Cecil with Ben Levine, 38. She went into the bathroom to prevent waking Levine, and — to her utter shock — gave birth to a male child. She didn't even know she was pregnant!
For some reason, Purcell assumed the baby was dead, so she threw it out of the window onto the roof of the neighboring building. The courts found her not guilty of murder at her trial. Instead, they admitted her to a hospital for psychiatric treatment based on insanity.
In 1962, a 65-year-old man named George Giannini was walking by the hotel with his hands in his pocket when a falling woman struck him to death. The woman turned out to be Pauline Otton, a 27-year-old that jumped from the windows of her ninth-floor room. Reportedly, she was hysterical following an altercation with her estranged husband. The fall killed both she and George Giannini immediately.
At first, the police thought it was a joint suicide case, but the theory didn't hold up with Giannini still wearing his shoes. The reasoning being — if he had jumped, his shoes would have fallen off mid-fall.
Due to the horrific happenings at the hotel, Angelinos nicknamed the Cecil "the Most Haunted Hotel in Los Angeles."
The Cecil's Creepy Cold Cases
Most of the violence stories around Cecil are from its association with serial killers and suicides, but there are unsolved murders too. A noteworthy guest of the Cecil was Elizabeth Short.
Short came to be known as the "Black Dahlia" after her 1947 murder in Los Angeles. According to reports, she stayed at the hotel just before her unsolved mutilation. What connection her death may have had to the Cecil — apart from lodging there — is not known. However, Short was found on a street close to the hotel on the morning of January 15. Elizabeth Short's mouth has been carved ear to ear by her assailant and her body cut in two.
Again, Goldie Osgood was discovered to be dead in her ransacked room at the Cecil. Her assailant had raped her before a fatal stabbing and beating. And although a suspect was spotted walking with bloodstained clothing nearby, the authorities eventually cleared him. No one ever convicted her killer, adding to the cases that never got justice served from the death toll in the Cecil hotel.
Such stories of violence are not merely a thing of the past. Decades after Short, arguably the most mysterious death to take place at the Cecil Hotel happened as recently as 2013.
In 2013, Canadian college student Elisa Lam was found naked and dead inside the water tank on the roof of the hotel three weeks after she had gone missing. This was after hotel guests complained of lousy water pressure and a funny water taste.
Lam's death attracted a lot of negative publicity for the Cecil hotel. Even though the authorities ruled her death an accidental drowning, conspiracists believed otherwise, and it was easy to see why.
Prior to her death, surveillance cameras captured Lam in one of the hotel's elevators. She was acting strangely — yelling at someone out of view, attempting to hide from someone or something, frantically waving her arms and pressing the elevator buttons.
After the video surfaced publicly, people began to believe the rumors of the haunted hotel to be true. Horror aficionados started drawing parallels between the Black Dahlia murder and Lam's murder. They pointed out that both women were in their twenties, traveling alone from L.A. to San Diego, last seen at the Cecil Hotel, and were missing for several days before their bodies turned up.
Although these connections might sound thin, it hasn't stopped the hotel's reputation from forming.
The latest body found was in 2015. It is believed the victim committed suicide, but this did nothing to calm the ghost stories that swirled once more.
A Cecil of the Future?
Since it's soiled reputation became public news, the hotel has served as the inspiration for a season of American Horror Story about a hotel that's home to unimaginable murder and mayhem.
In 2011, the Cecil attempted to rebrand as the $75-per-night budget hotel for tourists. But this didn't last very long. After the brief stint as the Stay On Main Hotel and Hostel, the hotel closed down.
More recently, New York developers signed a 99-year lease on the property. It is currently undergoing a $100 million renovation, as they aim to convert the space to $1,500-a-month micro-apartments. The new Cecil hotel will include an upscale boutique hotel as well.
Maybe with the New Yorkers spin on it, the hotel can shake off its reputation for the macabre. We guess we'd just have to wait and see.


Our vendor list has expanded!
GPA bringing Hurling Back to Boston!
Buy a $20 bracket for 10 chances to win signed jerseys and equipment from The Colorado Avalanche, Pittsburgh Penguins, Texas Rangers, NY Knicks, NY Mets, $200 REI Gift Card, Flylow swag, ALO yoga outfits, Isabel and Ingrid wrap, and a full USA Ski Team mtn apparel set.
100% of your bracket fee will go to our low income youth programs! We never want lack of funds to prohibit a child from playing or for parents to have to carry the burden that sports participation now costs.
Attached is our official flyer. Please feel free to share with your family and coworkers!
Email us at coloradogaelicclub@gmail.com with your choice of payment option. After we receive payment we will email our cbssports.com bracket password and confirm with you via email that you are registered and signed up.


Mississippi DEQ adopted operator training rules in November 2011. Final deadline for all was 8/8/2012.
Mississippi approved third party training vendors. Our Mississippi Class A/B UST operator training course is being developed for approval in 2019. Stop by for updates.
Our Mississippi Class C online course is approved in Mississippi.
See the Mississippi DEQ UST web page for more information.


Description: A vulnerability was reported in Microsoft Groove Server. A remote user can conduct cross-site scripting attacks.
The HTML sanitizer does not properly filter HTML code from user-supplied input. A remote user can cause arbitrary scripting code to be executed by the target user's browser. The code will originate from the site running the Groove Server software and will run in the security context of that site. As a result, the code will be able to access the target user's cookies (including authentication cookies), if any, associated with the site, access data recently submitted by the target user via web form to the site, or take actions on the site acting as the target user.
Drew Hintz of Google Security Team reported this vulnerability.
Impact: A remote user can access the target user's cookies (including authentication cookies), if any, associated with the site running the Groove Server software, access data recently submitted by the target user via web form to the site, or take actions on the site acting as the target user.


"You have to learn to cold call. It isn't something you want to have to do, but you need to learn it so if you have to cold call, you'll be good at it."
I did learn to cold calling and got pretty good at it, but it's so inefficient. Unless you have a very qualified list of prospects, its a dialing game that moves along at a very slow pace.
Marketing automation is the perfect alternative to cold calling. (There are a lot of tools for doing this. You can have Infusionsoft or Ontraport for smaller businesses and Marketo and Eloqua for larger buinesses.) It's really good for using side-by-side with cold calling. It's a great way to develop lists so your team is calling on warmer prospects. You warm them up or identify potential buyers based on their behavior. Instead of having sales teams bang the phones in hopes of running into someone needing what you sell, you call on people that have shown an interests or, better yet, you get interested prospects to call you.
Think of marketing automation as a big cast net you throw into the ocean. It works like cold calling in that you want to cast as wide as possible. The benefit marketing automation gives you is that you are casting into waters that are more fertile. It helps you determine who's interested and who isn't ready right now.
you would reach 20 to 30 people.
These aren't necessarily people who want to talk to you or have an interest. These are people that picked up the phone or called you back.
What marketing automation does is reach out to that same list of people via email. Every person on the list gets a message and then a series of email messages over a two to four week period. If you can reach out to them using other electronic mediums like social media, that's even better. The goal is to craft a message that gets them to identify their interest in what you offer.
With marketing automation, you can follow up with a series of email messages telling them more about yourself and what you offer. You can go direct and call them to schedule a face-to-face conversation. You can mail them a post card. The options are endless.
But you now have the ability to very efficiently identify interested prospects, educate them on what you do, and move them into a very flexible sales pipeline that takes zero effort from the sales team to operate.
And since it is email and it's effective free, you can send them information forever. You will always be top of mind.
Marketing automation might be the automation option you need to consider.


text:
MRS Online Proceedings Library (OPL)
Volume 436: symposium cc – thin films stresses and mechanica...
Morphological Instability of a ...
Tersoff, J. Tu, Yuhai and Grinstein, G. 1998. Effect of curvature and stress on reaction rates at solid interfaces. Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 73, Issue. 16, p. 2328.
Chiu, Cheng-hsin 1998. Three Dimensional Simulation of the Morphological Evolution of a Strained Film on a Thick Substrate. MRS Proceedings, Vol. 529, Issue. ,
Grinstein, G. Tu, Yuhai and Tersoff, J. 1998. Stability of Solid State Reaction Fronts. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 81, Issue. 12, p. 2490.
Volume 436 (Symposium CC – Thin Films Stresses and Mechanical Properties VI)
1996 , 517
Morphological Instability of a Sic Film During Carbonization
C.-H. Chiu (a1) and L. B. Freund (a1)
Division of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1557/PROC-436-517
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 15 February 2011
A model is developed to understand the morphological stability of a SiC film on a Si substrate during carbonization where the Si substrate is exposed to a carbon precursor. The morphological stability is determined by considering the surface evolution along a slightly wavy film surface and film-substrate interface. The morphological evolution along the film surface is dominated by surface diffusion and along the interface by a chemical reaction. The kinetic analysis shows the stability is controlled by the film surface energy, the interface energy, the diffusion-reaction process of the carbon precursor, and the strain energy. At small wavelengths of the surface profiles, the two types of surface energy dominate, which results in stable morphology. The diffusion-reaction process dictates the surface stability at large wavelengths. The strain energy may cause the surfaces to become unstable at moderate wavelengths; the instability can be completely suppressed by the diffusion-reaction process and the film surface energy, while it is enhanced by a large value of interface energy.
COPYRIGHT: © Materials Research Society 1997
1 Steckl, A. J. and Li, J. P., Thin Solid Films 216, 149 (1992).
2 Li, J. P. and Stecki, A. J., J. Electrochem. Soc. 142, 634 (1995).
3 Yoshinobu, T., Mitsui, H., Tarui, Y., Fuyuki, T., and Matsunami, H., J. Appl. Phys 72, 2006 (1992).
4 Cimalla, V., Karagodina, K. V., Pezoldt, J., and Eichhorn, G., Mat. Sci. Eng. B29, 170 (1995).
5 Mogab, C. J. and Leamy, H. J., J. Appl. Phys. 45, 1075 (1974).
6 Chiu, C. C. and Desu, S. B., J. Mater. Res. 8, 535 (1993).
7 Asaro, R. J. and Tiller, W. A., Metall. Trans. 3, 1789 (1972).
8 Grinfeld, M. A., J. Nonlin. Sci. 3, 35 (1993).
9 Gao, H., Int. J. Solids Structures 28, 703 (1991).
10 Freund, L. B. and Jonsdottir, F., J. Mech. Phys. Solids 41, 1245 (1993).
11 Chiu, C.-h. and Gao, H., Int. J. Solids Structures 30, 2983 (1993).
12 Chin, C.-h., Ph.D. dissertation, Stanford University, 92–130 (1995).
13 Chin, C.-h. and Gao, H., Mat. Res. Symp. Proc. 356, 33 (1995).
14 Chin, C.-h. and Gao, H., Mat. Res. Syrup. Proc. 317, 369 (1994).
15 Spencer, B. J. and Meiron, D. I., Acta Metall. Mater. 42, 3629 (1994).
16 Yang, W. H., and Srolovitz, D. J., J. Mech. Phys. Solids 42, 1551 (1994).
17 Jesson, D. E., Pennycook, S. J., Baribeau, J.-M., and Houghton, C. D., Phys. Rev. Lett. 71, 1774 (1993).
18 Ozkan, C. S., Nix, W. D., and Gao, H., Mat. Res. Soc. Syrup. 399, in press (1996).
19 Nix, W. D., Metall. Trans. A 20A, 2217 (1989).
20 Chin, C.-h. and Freund, L. B., manuscript in preparation (1996).
ISSN: -
URL: /core/journals/mrs-online-proceedings-library-archive


Kathye Lewis and Greg Norman are full-time dance enthusiasts who were inspired to bring ballroom dance to kids. They created Let's Dance Academy in order to reinvigorate Cincinnati's long legacy of ballroom dancing. Through the academy, 5th and 6th grade students in South Avondale were able to learn discipline, poise, grace and dedication.


have you ever tried the cacio e pepe at Felice in Testaccio? the best i've ever had. if you haven't tried it, make a reservation the day before (otherwise you may be eating at 11 PM) and enjoy!
that fish soup looks pretty remarkable!


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Q: Does Nick Fury age in the Marvel Cinematic Universe? Does Nick Fury from The Avengers age? I've discovered that the comic book version uses the Infinity Formula to stay young so I'm curious to know if the MCU version does so also.

A: There is no mention or indication of any youth-giving formula or delayed ageing of Nick Fury in any MCU media.
He's always played by the same actor, with no age-changing make-up effects, and the in-universe passage of time is basically aligned with out of universe (so the character's ageing is matched by the actor's).

In Captain Marvel, set in 1995, he is digitally de-aged to roughly how the actor looked in 1995. This further supports the proposition that Fury ages exactly the same as a regular human male.

A: In the comics, Nick Fury has been established as being active during World War II (he first appeared as the title character in Sgt Fury and his Howling Commandos, a few years before the first S.H.I.E.L.D. story).
In 1976, Marvel published Marvel Spotlight 31, (a story by Jim Starlin and Howard Chaykin*) wherein it's established that Nick continued to be an active secret agent despite his advancing years (admittedly, he probably should have only been in his 50s by that point) by using an experimental drug/potion/medicine called the Infinity Formula (no relation to the Infinity Gems or Gauntlet, other than the writer - maybe Starling just likes the word "Infinity").
This story was mostly ignored for years - possibly with good reason, as multiple members of Fury's Howling Commandos team also became S.H.I.E.L.D. agents, most notably Timothy "Dum-Dum" Dugan. It's been referred to more in the past 20 years or so, as Fury reached the point where he'd at be at least in his 70s. And Dum-Dum, the only other prominent Commando left,

 was recently determined to be a series of LMDs with a single consciousness.

However, to the best of my recollection, while Marvel has established that there was a wartime unit named the Howling Commandos (seen both in the first Captain America movie, and in season 2 of Agent Carter), Fury has not been established as being a part of this unit at that time.
Without such a time to a specific point in time to make him seem inexplicably young, there's been no reason to bring the Infinity Formula into the MCU and Nick's backstory to date.


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Helius eremnophallus är en tvåvingeart som beskrevs av Alexander 1978. Helius eremnophallus ingår i släktet Helius och familjen småharkrankar.

Artens utbredningsområde är Panama. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

Källor

Småharkrankar
eremnophallus