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English Heritage Report
Report by Historyworks from the learning events "UNDERSTANDING CLIFFORD'S TOWER AND THE 1190 MASSACRE IN CONTEXTS"
Here is a copy of the Report produced by Historyworks in 2015, free to download as a pdf
We were very pleased to have a full house of 150 attending at both of the learning events about Clifford's Tower and the wider contexts of York Castle area - organized for the afternoons of Sunday 25th January and Tuesday 27th January 2015. The talks were very informal but informative, and tea breaks gave opportunities to share information about York's past & present. We are also very grateful for those participants, over 170 who completed our online survey which helps gain a deeper insight into public attitudes towards York heritage issues and the presentation and understanding of Clifford's Tower and the longer story of a Jewish presence in york from the 1100s to now.
There are photos of the tours of Clifford's Tower & York Castle area here:
https://www.flickr.com/photos/historyworks/sets/72157650702280165/
To view thumbnails provided by Historyworks to help with understanding the long history of Clifford's Tower, do scroll to the sections below, summing up the current research, composed by team at Historyworks:
Overview: The Jewish Community of York
Jewish people first came to Britain in significant numbers from Normandy after 1066 and the invasion of William the Conqueror. A century after their arrival to fund and support the Crown's fiscal administration and power base in the north, the history of York's Jewish community was marred by massacre in 1190 when nearly all the families died in the Royal Castle Keep, most likely a timber structure, where presently there is a stone keep known as Clifford's Tower. The massacre of the Jewish community in York was related to anti-semitic attacks in London, Lincoln, Norwich following the coronation of Richard I, when there were arson attacks against many Jewish homes and Jews were killed in numbers. In York, it was estimated by chroniclers that 150 members of the Jewish community died when the keep was set fire and families there who had gone to the Castle as a place of Royal protection were killed.
However, a few members of the Jewish community survived, and with new arrivals from Europe, the population recovered, even in York, with some significant dwellings and a synagogue located on Coney Street, just five minutes walk from the Castle. Thus, by the middle of the 13th century many Jewish people had homes in the city, including Aaron of York, holding the position of Archpresbyter, the leader of the English Jewish community from 1236 to 1243. York continued therefore to be at the core of Jewish life in York up to the expulsion of Jews from England in 1290.
Jews did not come back to England until they were invited in 1656 by Cromwell, but it is unlikely that any Jews came to live in York until the late 19th century, and we have evidence of a small community of Jews working at an improvised synagogue for several generations above the Bowman family Joiners' shop on Aldwark. The younger generation of Jews in York today are mostly affiliated to the University, as students and researchers, administrators and manager. On the last census there were just over one thousand Jews counted in the census of 2001 but numbers are growing as the city and university develop, and there is even a Jewish community group meeting regularly on Friargate at the Quaker Centre, just steps away from the place of the massacre in 1190.
What is for sure, is that there are no generational blood links connecting the Jewish community in York today to the families who were massacred in 1190 in York Castle. However, there are commemorations at the site of Clifford's Tower, inaugurated with the plaque and service of reconciliation in 1978.
There is a leaflet and audio tour linked below on youtube, started as a research project organised by Helen Weinstein as Founding Director of IPUP, working in partnership with the City Archaeologist, John Oxley. The project was assisted by IPUP Interns who are postgraduate students from the University of York: Jon Cook, Hannah Lyons, Daphne Mayer, Alex O'Donnell, Tom Sutton, Bill White, and Ben Wilkinson. You can access the early version of the project by youtube and by using the associated scripts, whose content was shaped by Helen Weinstein and John Oxley.
However, since then, the project has developed, and with the support of John Oxley at the City Council and Michael Woodward at York Museums Trust, it has been updated by Historyworks to be more suitable as a product for a mass audience, and delivered as an app. You can listen to the updated trail by clicking on the sections on audioboo, downloading the shorter scripts. The production by Historyworks was recorded by Jon Calver, narrated by Jonathan Cowap of BBC York, with the script updated by Helen Weinstein, edited by Sam Johnson, supported by script advisor John Oxley.
The Massacre of 1190
In the hours before and during 16th March 1190 nearly all of the Jewish population in York perished on the site of the Castle keep, a timber structure destroyed during the attack, probably about 15 to 20 foot below where the present stone structure of Clifford's Tower stands today atop the motte.
The massacre of the Jewish community, about 150 men, women, and children, is probably the most well known part of the history of York's Medieval Jewry. However, the York Massacre was in fact only one of a series of attack on communities of Jews across England.
The Crusader King - Coronation & Anti-Jewish Riots
The events of 1190 really began the previous year, at the accession of Richard I. Following the death of his father Henry II in July, Richard's Coronation was held on September 3rd, 1189. An anti- Jewish riot broke out after a delegation of Jews who had travelled to London for the occasion attempted to enter the Palace of Westminster during the coronation banquet.
Around 30 of the Jewish delegation died in the riots that followed the Coronation. Amongst those seriously injured was a wealthy moneylender from York called Benedict. The tension around the Coronation and the murder of Jews on the streets of London is put into a wider context of similar pogroms against Jews in Europe by Simon Schama (see Reading List below).
Despite the King's order that the Jewish community be left in peace, a series of further anti-Jewish riots spread across England in the Spring of 1190 following Richard I's departure from England on Crusade. Christian prejudice against the Jewish community living amongst them had certainly been heightened by the Crusader preaching and whipped up in recent years by accusations of ritual child-murder. See the helpful explanation of this traumatic allegation researched and written by Simon Schama (see Reading List below).
Although genuine bigotry was certainly one of the reasons behind attacks on the Jewish community, so too was the Jews' legal and economic position. As major creditors of royal government, the Jews were granted legal exemptions and special royal protection. Wealthy, but vulnerable, the Jews of England were easy targets for local interests chafing against increasing royal control.
In March, the violence of anti-Jewish rioting spread to York, where royal control had recently been weakened following the replacement of the region's powerful sheriff. A group of men had attacked the house of Benedict of York, killed those within, and set fire to the building. Therefore, because the Jews were under Crown guarantees, most of the Jewish community of York took refuge in the Keep of the Royal Castle (a wooden building on the motte, probably about 15/20 foot below where the stone structure of Clifford's Tower was built and rebuilt between the 1200s and 1600s), where the Jews would have expected Royal protection by the King's agents.
More violence followed, and it seems that the key agent of the crown was abroad at the time, and this meant that protection from the constable or sheriff in York was delayed and a series of errors of judgement ensued. An order was given that the Jews be ejected from the Keep by force. Although it was quickly rescinded, this order served to incite the mob who began to lay siege to the Castle.
By the evening of Passover on March the 16th, as siege engines stood closeby the York Castle walls, the Keep where the Jews were sheltering was set alight and most of the Jewish community died within the Keep or closeby. With royal agents absent at the crucial time of tension, local men of stature did not intervene to save the Jewish community, instead they showed their interest by going to the Minster where the documents of the funds owed to the Jews were kept, and had these burnt.
1190 - Contested Narratives
How the medieval Jews died is a matter of sensitivity in the Jewish community of York today, because the medieval accounts of the time were most often written with an anti-semitic agenda, and claiming that the Jewish men slayed their own families in a mass act of suicide was possibly a way of the chroniclers deflecting blame from their own Christian community. However, whether by suicide or at the hands of others, it is indeed difficult to navigate the narrative accounts written for rhetorical affect, many of these accounts being written at a distance of time and place. But what is for sure was the fate of the Jewish community, because die they did whether murdered by fire, hand, implement.
A new book of essays edited by Sarah Rees Jones & Sethina Watson (see below) considers the massacre as central to the narrative of English and Jewish history, exploring how a narrative of events about 1190 was built up, both at the time and in following years.
1190 to 1290: The Fate of the Jewish Community in York
Remarkably, within decades of the massacre, Jews were resettled in York, and seem to have been for a short period in the 1220s to 1240s to have been more prosperous, numerous, successful as before the gruesome event of the 1190 massacre.
King Edward's policy towards the Jews in England blew hot and cold throughout the period, with restrictive legislation and punitive fines, the community had already declined in the years leading up to the 1290 expulsion.
Therefore by 1290 when Edward I formally and finally expelled all Jews from his kingdom, a severe decline had set in. At his accession in 1272, the population has been reckoned again to have numbered about 150 persons.
Web Links & Further Reading
Readers with a general interest in the history of England's Jews should begin with the excellent bibliography prepared by the Jewish Historical Society of England.
Robin R. Mundilll, The King's Jews. Money, Massacre, and Exodus in Medieval England, (Bloomsbury, 7 June 2010) is an excellent synthesis of research on the history of medieval Jews of England weaving manuscript and secondary sources to present a very readable overivew for the general reader of how Jews lived and worked alongside their Medieval Christian neighbours.
Most recent set of scholarly essays has been published by Boydell & Brewer edited by Sarah Rees Jones & Sethina Watson, Christians & Jews in Angevin England (19 April 2013)
P. M. Tillott (ed), A History of the County of York: The City of York (1961) pp. 47-49.Available online to subscribers and members of subscribed institutions at the IHR's British History Online Pages
Simon Schama, The Story of the Jews. Finding the Words 1000BCE-1492CE(Bodley Head, 2013) pp 292-326, provides a useful context of the hostile enviornment for Jews in Europe and the pogroms flaring up across European centres where Jews were living and working in the years prior to the 1190 pogrom in York and elsewhere in the UK.
R. B Dobson, "The Jews of Medieval York and the Massacre of March 1190", Borthwick papers 45 (York: St. Anthony's Press, 1974, revised ed. 1996).
R. B Dobson, "The Decline and Expulsion of the Medieval Jews in York,"Transactions of the Jewish Historical Society 26 (1979): pp. 34-52.
The two articles above are reproduced in the following: available from the University Shop: R.B. Dobson, The Jewish Communities of Medieval England: The Collected Essays of R.B. Dobson (Borthwick Institute Publications, 2010).
J. M Lilley, The Jewish Burial Ground at Jewbury, Archaeology of York 12:3 (York: Council for British Archaeology, 1994).
William of Newburgh's account of the 1190 massacre is published in translation at The Internet Medieval Sourcebook, here.
On traumatic pasts:
LaCapra, D. 2004 History in Transit: Experience, Identity, Critical Theory (Ithaca), 106-144
Logan, W. & K. Reeves (eds.) 2009 Places of pain and shame: dealing with 'difficult heritage' (London)
Pickering, P. & Tyrell, A. (eds.) 2004 Contested Sites: Commemoration, Memorial and Popular Politics in Nineteenth Century Britain (Aldershot)
Audioboo & Scripts: York Jewish History Trail by Historyworks
In 2014, the York Jewish History Trail was revised by Historyworks following new research. This involved the updating of the script by the Historyworks team, Helen Weinstein and Sam Johnson, along with a new recording of the audio by Jon Calver. The updated script was narrated by Jonathan Cowap of BBC Radio York, with support from script advisor John Oxley. Please credit the team that devised the Jewish History Trail, in particular Helen Weinstein (Director of Historyworks) & John Oxley, (the City Archaeologist, York City Council) if you wish to publish the script, app, map, audio, photography for circulation & sharing on websites and social media.
Download The Jewish History Trail App Script (pdf)
Download the illustrated map for the Jewish History Trail (pdf)
The Medieval Castle
The tower we recognize today was built in the second half of the 13th century, following the destruction of the castle during the massacre in 1190, and a further collapse of a wooden tower in 1228. In 1237 a house was built in front of the gaol for King Henry III to reside in. Under orders from the king in 1245 a rebuilding of the tower in stone began. However, this was a slow and stalled process as it took 17 years until the castle reached near completion in 1262.
York's significance in the north of England meant that the newly strengthened castle was not used as a royal residence but as a stronghold, reinforcing the fortification of the city. This is evident as the castle complex comprised of a gaol, a mint, and law-courts, in which functions of central government, including the Exchequer, were temporarily housed in the castle during periods of intense Anglo-Scottish warfare.
The law-courts and the prison remained at the castle until the 20th century, and the Magistrate Court is still on-site.
Naming Clifford's Tower
The rebuilt tower, combined with the castle complex in York, symbolised royal power and authority and its function as a gaol may have led to the naming of the tower.
The first instance of 'Clifford's Tower' being used can be found in documents detailing a scandal involving the castle gaoler, a Robert Redhead. Redhead was accused of attempting to demolish derelict parts of the tower in 1596 and sell the stone for lime-burning.
Despite the mention of the name in 1596, the name is believed to originate from much earlier. The castle is believed to have a rather unfortunate namesake: the rebel baron Roger de Clifford. Clifford, forced to surrender at the battle of Boroughbridge in March 1322, was held captive in York, hanged, and his corpse displayed and hung in chains on a gibbet at the castle.
Reformation Repression: The Pilgrimage of Grace
In the autumn of 1536 the Pilgrimage of Grace uprising took place. The protesters, revolting against Henry VIII's fracture with the Catholic Church and dissolution of the monasteries, were led by the infamous Robert Aske. Aske was a barrister from a Yorkshire family who soon rose to the forefront of the uprising.
At it's strongest, the resistance was comprised of approximately 40,000 armed rebels. Following a number of successful campaigns, Aske sought to negotiate and reason with the King, discussing the motivations of the protesters. The King granted Aske safe passage as long as the rebels were stood down, but as he returned to Yorkshire violence broke out again and the King ordered the seizure and imprisonment of Aske in the Tower of London.
In the following weeks, 216 of the rebel leaders were rounded up and executed. In keeping with the Castle's history as a site for displays of monarchal power, Aske was tried and convicted of High Treason, brought to York, and on the 12th July 1537 he was hanged in chains, and displayed "from the height of the Castle Dungeon" as a warning to other would-be rebels.
Robert Redhead - The Dismantling Gaoler
By 1596 the tower was unused and growing increasingly dilapidated. The poor state of the tower was partly due to the tower's gaoler, Robert Redhead.
Redhead had been steadily dismantling sections of the uppermost part of the tower and flanking wall to assist in the construction of a cockpit for the sport of cock-fighting. This behaviour outraged the locals and a petition forced Robert to stop.
However, later that year rumours began to spread about Robert and a group of accomplices who, under the guise of using the stone for repairs to other sections of the complex, were selling the stone for lime-burning.
In 1597, Redhead and his men were caught throwing stone from the top of the tower and rollign them down the mound. Other accusations suggested that Redhead was also using rabbits to undermine the interior. As we can still see a tower today it is clear that Redhead was finally prevented from further demolitioning the structure.
Garrison in the Civil War
In the early stages of the English Civil War in 1642, King Charles I, fearing hostilities in London, travelled to York, bringing with him his court. For the six months following his move, York was capital of the kingdom. This led to the strengthening of the city's defenses, with the walls being repaired and sentry boxes were built.
On August 16, the king left the city but York remained a royalist base in the North. In March of the following year, the queen, Henrietta Maria, visited York with accompanying forces and cannons aiming to maintain order in the North, once again making York a royal garrison. At the request of Queen Henrietta Maria, the building was re-roofed and floored, creating storage rooms for ammunition, and a gun-platform on the roof. The queen left York for Oxford in June 1643 with weapons and 4,500 men.
The conflict reached York the following April and despite the defensive structural work, the city fell to Parliamentarians in 1644 after numerous assaults. In 1646, the House of Commons agreed that the tower should remain occupied by a garrison. This comprised of between 40 and 80 men and was primarily used as an armoury, as records tell us that between 1650 and 1652 there were 3,000 muskets and cannnon transported to the tower.
Imprisonment of Quaker George Fox
The tower had, since it's rebuilding between 1270 and 1290, been used as a prison, containing high-ranking prisoners and political hostages in its history.
Despite its growing dilapidation and ruinous conditions, in 1665 the Tower held the notable Quaker, George Fox, for two nights before he was transported to Scarborough Castle after spending four years of imprisonment in Dewsbury.
Fox, a campaigner against dogmatic religious and political authorities, was the founder of the Society of Friends. His ardent views resulted in his expulsion from York Minster in 1651 for preaching against the traditional church.
Fire and Neglect
By the late 17th century the Tower was becoming increasingly derelict due to the neglect and degenerate behaviour of the garrison. In 1683 a survey of the tower and castle's defensive capabilities. The result of this survey suggested that the tower and castle should be degarrisoned, an opinion that was shared by the local population who drunk toasts to 'the demolition of the Minced Pie', which is how the tower had come to be known.
It is thought that this escalated in April 1684 when the firing of a ceremonial salute for Saint George's Day from the top of the tower resulted in a fire that destroyed part of the building and possibly the roof, as a contemporary sketch of the interior by Francis Place displays a completely roofless tower.
Although the tower was not totally ruinous, its structure was increasingly compromised and by the early 18th century it was released to freeholders and no longer housed ammunition but instead provided shelter for cattle. It was a distinctly different building to what it had once been, and newly built courthouses and gaol buildings in the 1820s and 30s only excluded it further, enclosing it within the castle complex and obscuring it from view.
Executions and Prison Complex
The York Tyburn was an area to the south of the city, now part of York Racecourse, that functioned as one of four execution sites in York. For four centuries it hosted public executions, claiming the lives of many notable criminals, including the infamous highwayman, Richard "Dick" Turpin.
Turpin had been travelling under the assumed name of John Palmer when he was arrested at a Yorkshire inn for burglary, horse theft, and murder. He had aroused suspicion when local magistrates questioned how he made his money. Then, once imprisoned at York Castle, he wrote a letter to his brother and was identified as Turpin by his handwriting. He was found guilty and executed at the Knavesmire on 7th APril, 1739.
Executions took place at these sites until 1801 when a Tyburn, or gallows, was permanently erected at the Castle Prison. From this date onwards all executions were administered by the Castle Prison on their grounds and accessible to the public.
The lay-out of the castle complex at that time consisted of the Eye of York, a grassed area surrounded by three buildings. These buildings were the Assize Courts of 1773-77, a Female Prison that was constructed between 1780 and 1783, and the Debtors' Prison, built between 1701 and 1705 and described by Daniel Defoe as "the most stately and complete of any in the kingdom, if not in Europe".
The most notable execution that took place in the castle complex was that of Mary Bateman, also known as "The Yorkshire Witch". Convicted of murder by poisoning in May 1808, Mary was hanged on March 20th, 1809, and her body was displayed in public. Thousands of people paid to view her corpse and the proceeds of this public display were given to charity, with strips of her skin sold as charms to ward off evil.
The Eye of York: Political centre
York's location meant that it became a main political centre for the three Ridings and the site of political hustings, electing members of parliament for York. It was for this reason that it was given the title, the Eye of the Ridings, which would eventually become more popularly know to us as the Eye of York or Castle Green.
It was first created in 1777 when the castle courtyard was grassed over to form the oval lawn that exists today. It's relevance as a political centre, flanked by the castle complex, is identifiable by the notable events that took place there.
It was here that the politician William Wilberforce delivered a powerful and influential speech at the Yorkshire county meeting in 1784. Aged just 24, Wilberforce spoke for over an hour to those gathered at the site. James Boswell, the Scottish writer described the event: "I saw what seemed a mere shrimp mount upon the table; but as I listened, he grew and grew, until the shrimp became a whale". The following day, Wilberforce returned to the Eye of the Ridings and was elected MP for Yorkshire.
On 16th October 1832, Richard Oastler, a leading man in the fight for a ten hour day for children employed in factory work, organised a march to the political centre of York. His campaign and letter to the Leeds Mercury calling for a ten hour day generated enormous support from people across the region. Over 20,000 people from the towns and villages of the West Riding made their way towards the Eye of the Ridings in protest of the ill treatment and disgraceful working conditions that children endured.
Execution of Luddites in 1813
In January 1813, a number of Luddites, men who had been protesting the introduction of labour-replacing machinery, were imprisoned, tried, and executed at York Castle.
The trials took place between 2nd and 16th January, and the first executions on Friday 8th January. The men that were executed on that day were George Mellor, William Thorpe and Thomas Smith. These were the first of 17 men to be hanged in the castle complex. The bodies of these men were taken to the County Hospital for dissection and the body parts dispersed.
Further executions were carried out in two lots, with fourteen men hanged on Saturday 16th January. Unlike Mellor, Thorpe, and Smith, the bodies of these men were given to the families to be carried on carts in a procession back to their homesteads in the Pennines. 7 other men had their death penalties commuted to transportation.
Ruined and Restored
From the 17th century to the 19th century, the structural integrity of Clifford's Tower steadily declined. Then, in 1902, a renewed campaign of repairs and research was undertaken by renowned civil engineer Basil Mott. His work on the tower included a partial reconstruction of the mound, underpinning the south-east lobe with buried concrete 'flying buttresses' to keep the tower walls upright. It was during Mott's works that the most detailed archaeological investigation to-date was carried out on the internal structure of the mound that surrounds and supports the tower.
On 30 March 1915, Clifford's Tower was taken into state guardianship and by 1935 it had been repaired with the addition of greater pubic access. The prison buildings dating from the 19th century, including the wall enclosing the mound, were demolished and the lower parts of the slope restored to what is belived to be their original medieval profile. A new stairway leading up to the tower was also included, replacing a spiral path.
The illustration shows the massive house for the prison governor, prior to its demolition in 1935. Clifford's Tower can be seen behind. In 1900 the male prison was made available to the War office for use as a military prison. This was closed in 1929 and ceased to be a prison at all in 1932. The building materials from the demolition were available for purchase. Stones from the walls were probably added to the mound because it is in this era that the mound changed shape, increasing in size.
First World War Enemy Aliens Encampment
Although the tower was not in good repair from the 1680s onwards it may have sometimes been used as a prison, with the room above the gateway (the chapel) offering cell accommodation where perhaps the Quaker George Fox was imprisoned in the "high dungeon".
But what is for certain, is that with the building of the prisons in the surrounding complex of the Castle, the larger footprint of the Castle still interned prisoners. In 1900 the 'male' prison was made available to the War Office for use as a military prison which explains the photograph of tented prisoners. During the First World War when this picture was taken, the Eye-of-York, the grassed area of land in front of the tower, was used as an interment camp for people considered by the government to be "enemy aliens".
Do read more about the 'Enemy Alien' encampment at Castle Green & listen to the BBC Radio Feature produced by Historyworks here:
http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p0230mnb
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About 100 million Chinese iPhone users were attacked; it never occurred to them that their IOS devices can be victims to mass infections like Android mobiles. Last Wednesday paloalto publicized its first analysis report on this issue, followed by Alibaba mobile security, who named the malware as XcodeGhost.
As the first compiler malware in OS X, the malicious code was in the disguise of Xcode installer between version 6.1 and 6.4 (6.1.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.3.1, 6.3.2 included), locating in a Mach-O object file. After uploaded to Baidu's cloud file sharing service, these installers were downloaded for developing iOS or OS X apps by some developers in China. XcodeGhost infected 76 iOS apps created by infected developers, which were published in the official App Store and regarded as secure apps.
iOS apps infected by XcodeGhost will automatically collect information on the devices and upload it to command and control (C2) servers. The malware has exposed a very interesting attack vector, targeting the compilers used to create legitimate Apps. This technique could also be adopted to attack enterprise iOS apps or OS X apps in much more dangerous ways.
This unofficial downloading source is popular in China because of the slow downloading speed for large files from Apple's servers, while the standard Xcode installer is about 3GB, making some Chinese developers choose to download the package from Baidu's cloud file sharing service.
Although XcodeGhost makes the first mass infection of apps in official Apple Store, it was not that much malicious and dangerous to other iOS malware, which can explain why the code has escaped App Store code review. On the other hand, this issue disposed a fact that attacks on IOS system can be realized by just an OS X malware with a malicious object file in the Xcode directory, which is alarming. After all, this modified XcodeGhost is a compiler malware, and this is the first mass attack targeting the iOS devices, even of the original devices without jailbreaking.
Among the 76 infected apps, WeChat catches the eye of all the ios users. This app is also popular among users in other countries besides China. What makes it more serious is its payment function, which is mainly for money transfer and social interaction of sending "red packet". At present, WeChat version 6.2.5 was proved to be infected, and the official notice made a promise to develop a new secure version in the later few days to get rid of the influence of the XcodeGhost. Users need to replace this old version with the newest one.
What we need to pay attention to is the authority of the Trojan virus. This is what the XcodeGhost can do after infecting 76 apps and influencing more than 344 apps (this figure is reported by Qihoo 360.Inc). Many phishing websites will appear on your iOS devices to get your important personal information, such as credit card information, and iCloud account and password.
What remedies are available for the iOS crowd?
At present, most remedies and betterment brought up are for the developers. As for consumers, suggestions are offered as the following.
1. For devices already done jailbreak before, many anti-virus apps and programs now update the virus database to detect and dispose the Trojan virus. Users can use these tools to examine the iOS devices and uninstall the infected apps for the newest secure version. For users of non-jailbreaking devices, before installing new version of the apps, all the apps needs to stay quiet for security concern.
2. For all users, the most important thing is to change the entire password for all the accounts used in your iOS devices. Be cautious to input any password when required by any app on your phone.
When you uninstall some infected apps or delete some files by mistake in the process of dealing with the XcodeGhost influence, you may encounter some difficulty in data recovery. If this happens, iMyfone D-Back or iMyfone D-Back for Mac can be used for all iOS devices) can help you restore the data. Only three steps will make you recover the data with ease.
iMyfone D-Back offer four recovery modes: Smart Recovery, Recovery from iOS, Recover from iTunes and Recover from iCloud. You can select the most suitable mode and start the recovery process.
The program will scan from iOS iPhone, iTunes/iCloud backups for the lost files according to the files types you selected, and the whole process will last a few minutes.
All the files you choose can be preview on the right side as listed. After checking on the box, please click on the "Recover" button for recovery, with selecting the storage path to finish the whole process.
Just have a try fo the splendid iMyfone D-Back or iMyfone D-Back for Mac.


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The Illinois gubernatorial election of 2006 occurred on November 7, 2006. The Governor of Illinois, Democrat Rod Blagojevich, won re-election for a... Read more
Alexi Giannoulias elected Illinois State Treasurer
Lt. Governor of Illinois Pat Quinn creates Illinois Reform Commission
The man who could be in line to take over from Illinois' scandal-tainted governor is setting up a panel to make recommendations on cleaning up... Read more
Roland Burris testifies before Illinois House Impeachment Committee
Former Illinois Attorney General Roland Burris told state lawmakers investigating the possible impeachment that he did not act unethically in being... Read more
Governor of Illinois Rod Blagojevich Impeached
House Resolution for Impeachment HR1671 LRB095 23283 RCE 53981 r 1 HOUSE RESOLUTION 2 WHEREAS, Section 14 of Article IV of... Read more
Rod Blagojevich to host "The Late Net Show"
Former Gov. Rod Blagojevich will be unzipping his lip again. Sneed hears the disgraced ex-gov will get a crack at hosting a late-night Internet... Read more
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Blagojevich's trial begins, without him there. Read more
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Senators voted 59-0 to remove Rod Blagojevich, who walked out of the silent chamber after delivering an impassioned plea for mercy. Within hours... Read more
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Former Governor Rod Blagojevich continues to make a spectacle of himself, appearing on the Today Show, Greta Van Sustern and Lettermnan. Read more
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US Senate Race Illinois 2010
Roland Burris

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Windows Phone 8 support ends in 2014. Then what?
By Daniel Ionescu
PCWorld	 Mar 18, 2013 8:26 am PDT
The countdown for Microsoft to end support of Windows Phone 8 and 7.8 has already started, and the two mobile operating systems could be orphaned as soon as the second half of 2014, according to Microsoft's own support calendar.
The Microsoft Product Lifecycle support page indicates Windows Phone 8 and 7.8 are already past their lifecyle start dates. According to the listing, Microsoft plans to end mainstream support for Windows Phone 8 in July 2014, just 16 months from now, and support for Windows Phone 7.8 will end later in September 2014.
Regarding the schedule, Microsoft said it "will make updates available for the operating system on your phone, including security updates, for a period of 18 months after the lifecycle start date. Distribution of the updates may be controlled by the mobile operator or the phone manufacturer from which you purchased your phone." Microsoft hasn't made any commitment to updates for every compatible device.
If you're looking to buy a Windows Phone 8 device now on a typical two-year contract, Microsoft's statement could mean that by the end of your deal, you'll have a handset that is no longer supported with software updates. If still offered, the updates could be intermittent and, as Microsoft noted, "update availability will also vary by country, region, and hardware capabilities."
Familiar scenario
Early adopters of the Windows Phone experienced a similar story. Last year, Microsoft left behind users of the Windows Phone 7.5 OS, who could not upgrade their devices to Windows Phone 8. Those early fans had to wait for the later 7.8 release, which also does not allow an update path to the latest version of Microsoft's mobile OS.
Since Microsoft did not confirm details of the next version of Windows Phone, it's unclear whether this year's Windows Phone 8 devices will be upgraded to what is currently code-named Blue, the next version of the mobile OS, expected before the end of 2013.
It does seem unlikely that Microsoft will abandon another generation of Windows Phone users. The transition from Windows Phone 7 to 8 implied the OS has a new kernel that is not compatible with the original Windows Phone hardware. But since the release of Windows Phone 8, Microsoft does not need to make major kernel changes that would require forsaking another generation of hardware.
Chances are that Microsoft has merely stated how long it expects to support its current software ahead of a planned major update, and that once Blue arrives later this year, Windows Phone 8 users will get a yearly software update, similar to Apple's and Google's update strategy. Yet, like Google, Microsoft is facing a challenge getting users updated to the latest version of the OS quickly, due to variety of manufacturers and carriers that must first test and approve the updates.


* 1. How satisfied are you with the opening times of the practice?
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* 7. We have a specialist nurse who see's people with minor illnesses. If you have used this service, please let us know how you rate it?
* 9. Have you seen our new website?
* 10. Do you think the leaflets and TV display are useful?


Leicester City have lost another key member of the team behind their Premier League title triumph after Steve Walsh was appointed as Everton's first director of football.
They initially rejected Everton's approach for their head of recruitment, credited with the purchases of Riyad Mahrez, N'Golo Kanté and Jamie Vardy, before the Goodison Park club returned with an improved offer that met Leicester's compensation demands.
Walsh, who also held the title of assistant manager, has started work at Everton with immediate effect, meeting Ronald Koeman to discuss transfers before his arrival was announced. Newcastle United's Moussa Sissoko is one target but Everton face strong competition from Juventus for the £35m-valued midfielder.
Walsh is the second departure from Leicester's backroom team this year after Ben Wrigglesworth, their former head of technical scouting, joined Arsenal last season. Claudio Ranieri has also lost Kanté to Chelsea despite being able to offer Champions League football next season, unlike at Stamford Bridge.
Farhad Moshiri, Everton's major shareholder, turned to Walsh in his overhaul of the club's management structure after missing out on Monchi, the sporting director at Sevilla. Walsh was Chelsea's scout in the north of England for 16 years, while also working as head of PE at schools in his hometown of Chorley. He was promoted to European scout at Chelsea before joining Newcastle, Leicester under Nigel Pearson, Hull City and returning to Leicester in 2011.
Koeman has signed only the back-up goalkeeper Maarten Stekelenburg from Fulham since replacing Roberto Martínez as the manager last month. Anticipated bids for John Stones and Romelu Lukaku, with Manchester City firm favourites to sign the England international defender, have complicated Koeman's rebuilding plans and the manager is anxious to resolve the futures of both players. He had backed Moshiri's plans for a director of football before completing his switch from Southampton.


The Exegetical Guide to the Green New Testament (EGGNT) series seeks to bridge the gap between the Greek NT and the many tools available to study said Greek. Once intermediate students learn the ropes of syntactical terms through various intermediate grammars, where do they go from there? What do they do when their favorite commentators disagree on matters of syntax, grammar, and a text's structure? This is where one intermediate grammar in particular gave massive help to students. Going Deeper with New Testament Greek (review here) gave students a chance to work through a text at the end of a chapter while seeing how the authors themselves worked through that text. The EGGNT series seeks to do much the same and more.
Here, John Harvey, Dean and Professor of New Testament at Columbia Biblical Seminary in Columbia, SC, leads the reader through each passage of Romans. In his Introduction he believes Paul to be the author, the letter was most likely written from Corinth near the end of Paul's third missionary journey (AD 57), written to a mixed-but-Gentile-prominent church to "introduce himself to the church in Rome, clarify the nature of his 'gospel to the Gentiles,' and correct the attitudes and behavior of the Jewish and Gentile believers in the church" so that they would rally alongside Paul and support his missionary endeavors to Spain (4).
Each section begins with a brief explanation of Paul's flow of thought, followed by a structural outline.
In Romans 6.2b-6 (in the larger section of 6.1-11), Harvey has spaced out the text to show his readers that the double use of ἐβαπτίσθημεν encompasses the two εἰς prepositional phrases. Other lines are indented to show subordination (the black an colored lines are my own doing). The outlines are only a visual key; they do not explain outright what kind of subordinate clauses the section has, or how certain lines relate or do not relate to others. One must go to the phrase-by-phrase explanation to understand that.
There, Harvey takes apart the text and examines it phrase by phrase. As others have noted, these books are not a reading guide. Only rare or difficult verbs are parsed, along with participles and infinitives.
Harvey does not explain syntactical terms but assumes his reader either already knows what they are or can look them up himself. For example, in Romans 6.4, Harvey writes that συνετάφημεν is an ingressive aorist. It explain the dative of αὐτῷ, which refers back to Χριστὸν Ἰησοῦν in verse 3. When a preposition comes before a word in a particular case (v. 4, διὰ + genitive), Harvey explains its function in that instance ("intermediate agency"). What is immensely helpful with this book is how Harvey brings together the thoughts of key commentators (Cranfield, Dunn, Käsemann, Longenecker, Moo, Schreiner, Stott) and grammars (e.g., Wallace). Sometimes he gives the commentators' thoughts on a phrase, other times he merely notes the page number you will find their opinion on.When he gives different interpretive options for understanding a passage, sometimes he indicates his opinion with an asterisk (*), and other times he does not. Instead of having six commentaries spread about with you having to spend much time looking back and forth for their opinions, Harvey puts it in front of you in one paragraph. This won't give you every answer, but rather the most likely way to understand the text's syntax.
At the end of each section, Harvey lists a host of bibliographic references for further study according to relevant topics (95 total) found in that section. Concerning the "I" in Romans 7 (7:7-25), Harvey lists 27 different references. He lists 25 different references under the topic Predestination and Election (8:29), 21 under "All Israel Will be Saved" (11:26), and 17 under Adam/Christ Typology (5:12-21). Not all topics have so many references, but all are a massive help. If you're writing a paper or a sermon on a particular topic, begin by looking here.
The next section offers Homiletical Suggestions for the pastor/teacher. These won't always fit depending on how you're structuring your sermon, but they are a helpful for seeing the text divided up a different way from your own conclusions (since you will be doing your own exegetical work first, right?).
Those well into the intermediate stage of Greek would do well with this. The structural outlines, numerous bibliographic sections, and homiletical suggestions alone make this worthwhile for teachers and preachers. This does not replace learning koine Greek itself. While the book has been helpful for me, I have forgotten a lot on syntax, so his syntactical notes always lead me back to various grammars. I usually look at Harvey's syntactical notes first just to give me a springboard to bounce off from. If he notes that a word is an ingressive aorist, I'll write it down and then look up the different ways the aorist tense functions and see if I agree. For those further along than me, Harvey cuts down a lot of your preparation time (though you do still need to translate the text). A multifunctional book like this gives a lot of information to chew on and to incorporate into one's teaching. I think Harvey has done a great service for pastors and teachers with this volume.
Are you bakersman12? Just came from a Coldplay cover of yours. Glad to see that you're alive haha. Great work btw.
Hahha, I'm so curious as to how you found me. Which Brian are you?
Next Entry What is the 'Righteousness of God'?


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Best antivirus for mac 2018 australia
Best antivirus for mac 2018 australia. Top 5 Best Antivirus Software for Mac in 2018 2019-01-19
Saturday, January 19, 2019 5:47:27 AM Jermaine
Best Mac antivirus software 2019: Norton, McAfee, and more
That said, Norton AntiVirus Plus's main functions deliver on all fronts: it's easy to use, has the configuration options experts need, comes highly rated by the testing labs, and is carefully designed to have the least possible impact on your system performance. Where things are ramped up is McAfee Total Protection's many extra tools, much beloved by its users. Even Macs Need Antivirus Protection If you're a lifelong Mac user, having to work with a Windows computer can feel plain weird. Lacks scheduled scanning, website rating, and other features found in competing free apps. By default, it automatically detects Mac malware, but it'll also keep an eye out for anything Windows or Linux based, so you can be sure to not accidentally send such files elsewhere. For more information please review our page. We've tested and reviewed the latest packages - both premium and free antivirus - from the biggest names in cyber security, so you can be confident that our recommendations can be trusted.
Phishing websites imitate secure sites, everything from banks and finance sites to gaming and dating sites. It also causes very little grief to Mac performance, only 5%. Bottom Line: Bitdefender Antivirus for Mac gets top marks from the independent labs and in our own hands-on testing. Sophos, our top pick, includes this feature in the Home Premium version of its 2018 update. Discarding any that don't fit the phishing profile, and any that don't load correctly in all four browsers, we report the product's success as the average of the difference between its detection rate and that of the other four test systems.
Top 5 Best Antivirus Software for Mac in 2018
Within seconds of use, it'll scan thousands of your files with a full scan taking mere minutes. Internet Security and Kaspersky Total Security both include a feature called Safe Money. Lacks exploit protection, download reputation check, keylogger protection, and other advanced features found in the Windows edition. Several products achieved a perfect 18 points, all six points for all three criteria. My team of experts researched and compiled a list of the best antivirus software for Australia. Once you've done that, you should also consider installing a. Opting to scan specific locations such as your Mac's system library is also an option, streamlining your experience.
Best Antivirus and Internet Security Software for Mac 2018
With its handy Autopilot mode, you can set it, forget it, and have confidence that your Apple computer is protected against malware. It tends to be reliable and accurate in its virus detecting, featuring web filtering to blocks access to malicious sites, a secure browser that keeps your online banking ans shopping transactions safe, and there's a password manager which auto-completes credit card details in web forms. Social network privacy not fully functional. If you have Windows, you will want to find the best antivirus for Windows 10, so you are not left vulnerable. These two are our Editors' Choice winners for Mac antivirus protection.
The Best Mac Antivirus Protection for 2019
Unlike other entries here, it's been built from the ground up just for Mac, with no hint of a one-time clunky Windows interface in sight. A good Antivirus for Mac will give you complete protection against known viruses, malware, spyware, adware, and Ransomware attacks. As with ransomware protection, we've observed more features specifically devoted to on Windows-based security products than on the Mac, but a few products in this collection do pay special attention to spyware. Cons: No protection against malicious or fraudulent websites. Password manager includes only basic features. Good detection of Windows malware.
Scans on demand, on access, and on schedule. While the end goal of all antivirus products is the same, the methods used to detect and stop attacks differs depending on the technology used by each security company. Cons: Poor phishing protection in Safari. We just roll back the virtual machine to a clean snapshot after testing. As with the Windows product, in other words, its lab scores are superb. TrafficLight also marks up search results, using green and red icons to identify safe and dangerous links.
Take a look at the comparison table below to save time in your search for the best antivirus software for needs. Two large labs include antivirus products in their testing, but the slate of products for testing is variable. It might not be the speediest or the most attractive antivirus software, but for those after comprehensive security assistance, it's unparalleled. On a Mac, it also protects your Time Machine backups. It's not easy to compare Webroot's accuracy with the competition, as the big testing labs rarely evaluate the company's products. If you're a more hands-on type, you can easily run scans on demand.
Ransomware Protection The scourge of ransomware is on the rise. This package makes reliable protection its top priority. Our Windows test sytsems are virtual machines, so we feel free to release real-world ransomware for testing. How good is it exactly? However, if you want more advanced protection like ransomware detection , you'll need to upgrade to paid software. Cons: Poor detection of Windows malware. When we first rounded up Mac antivirus products, all those in the chart above had at least one certification, but at present, many of them don't appear in either lab's test results.
No longer certified by independent labs. Protect Your Files Locally and on the Cloud. We are able to maintain a free, high-quality service by charging an advertising fee to featured brands whenever a user completes a purchase. You can switch to automatic, always-on protection and never think about it again, or there's schedule scanning for appropriate times of day for you. You get a notification any time an untrusted program attempts to access either; you can allow access or stop the program.
Best antivirus for Mac 2019: Reviewed and rated
Our top contenders dominate by posting perfect or virtually near perfect scores from security research labs, passing our own malware detection tests with flying colors, offering well-designed interfaces, and even throwing in extra features like a firewall or password manager. Top ratings from two independent testing labs. You may appreciate the parental controls with website and application blocking, and there are also backup and Mac speed up functions. It also means you avoid annoying pop-ups that try and tempt you to upgrade to the full version. It adds all of the above as well as password management and secure data. The interface is a major plus.


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Ana Sayfa>Social Media>7 Little-Known Features of Facebook!
7 Little-Known Features of Facebook!
Most people don't know all the features of these platforms. One of them is Facebook… 7 little-known features of Facebook are in our news…
The number of social media platforms is increasing. Almost everyone is trying to exist in the digital world by opening a profile on these platforms. We spend time on social media platforms, it takes up most of our lives. But most people don't know all the features of these platforms. One of them is Facebook… 7 little-known features of Facebook are in our news…
Little known interesting features of Facebook
Social media is of great importance in our life. We now provide a significant part of our communication with people through these platforms. Spends our hours there and we make an effort to use them better. With the importance of the internet in our lives, we now have the right to have many features of social media platforms. However, sometimes it can be difficult to follow the developments. We may miss some small but very useful details. Especially popular platforms are updated frequently and new features are added. Facebook, one of these platforms and used by millions of people today. But some details are still not known to everyone. 7 little-known interesting features of Facebook:
1- You can log in to Facebook with your profile photo
The increase in social media platforms also increased the number of our accounts in digital media. Increase in the number of our accounts, it can often lead to forgetting basic information such as usernames and passwords. However, facebook also offers you a different alternative for login. You can log in with the facebook profile picture you use without needing your username and password. However, you need to enable this feature in "Settings". You can follow these steps for this:
Enter the "Account settings" section of your Facebook account.
Then, click on the "Security and login" section in the "Security" section.
Here you can confirm the necessary to log in with your profile photo.
2- You can look at your Facebook profile through someone else's eyes
Users wondering how Facebook profiles look like by their friends, with just a few clicks, they can see their profile through someone else's eyes. You can follow these steps for this:
Go to "Settings" at the top of the Facebook page.
Enter the "Timelapse and tagging settings" section on the left.
So you can easily see your profile through someone else's eyes.
Also if you are using the new version of Facebook; you can also use the "See through someone else's eye" button at the top of the post section on the Homepage.
3- You can hide your last seen on Facebook
You may not want others to see when you were last active on Facebook. There is no definitive solution to this problem. But you can get rid of your last seen by logging into Facebook on your computer. Delete Messenger app from your phone and continue using Facebook on your computer. So nobody can see when you were last active.
4- You can use Messenger without a Facebook user
You don't have to be a Facebook user to use the Facebook Messenger application. You can follow these steps to login messenger without user:
Download the "Facebook Messenger" application to your phone via Play Store.
Open the Messenger app and "I'm not a Facebook user" select.
So you can experience Messenger using your mobile number.
5- You can mute a custom notification sound to your friend
Notifications from social media platforms can be irritating. However, to prevent this, you do not need to decrease the notification sound of the device you use. You can mute notifications from your friends. You can follow these steps for this:
Open the chat screen of your friend that you don't want to receive notifications on our Facebook profile.
Click on the name at the top of the chat screen that opens.
Then click on the "notification" option. With this option, you can decide how long your friend doesn't want to be notified.
6- You can hide your friends list
Social media platforms have options to hide the account or open it publicly. If you don't want your friends list to be seen to others users on Facebook you can prevent this. You can follow these steps for this:
Click on the "Privacy" option on the left.
Then, "Who can see what I share?" select and hide your friends with the option.
7- See who you sent a friend request to
We spend our hours on social media platforms, we communicate with our friends and sometimes we can forget what we are doing on these platforms. You may have forgotten the people you sent a friend request to on Facebook. To find out, you can follow these steps:
Use the "Friend requests" button
Select "Find friends"
See who you are sending friend requests with the option "See sent requests."
Do you use Facebook? What are the interesting features you know? Write in the comment.
"4 Tips to Open a Locked FacebookAccount!" click here to read the news
"2 Ways to Add Music on Instagram Stories!" click here to read the news
"Li-Fi Replaces by Wi-Fi!" click here to read the news
Facebook Facebook Messenger


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text:
Home Arts and Entertainment 'Ramona and Beezus' is the perfect family film
'Ramona and Beezus' is the perfect family film
Loren Teryl
When Beverly Cleary originally wrote her classic children's novels she probably never had a thought in mind as to when and how they would be adapted for the big screen. The now 94-year-old author from Oregon gets to see the novel she published back in 1955 in cinemas this summer. Without a doubt she will be satisfied to tears with what director Elizabeth Allen has done with her beloved story.
Filled with an all-star cast, this family film has something for everyone to be excited for. Newcomer Joey King (Ice Age: Dawn of the Dinosaurs) actually has a resume that is longer than that of the director's but this is definitely her break out role and we will definitely be seeing more of her. Talented actors such as Selena Gomez (Wizards of Waverly Place) playing Beezus have torn the door to notoriety and draw you deeper into this fun film.
The charismatic John Corbett (Sex and the City 2) and the beautiful Bridget Moynahan (Six Degrees) play Ramona and Beezus' parents in the movie, but the true show stealers are Ginnifer Goodwin (Big Love) and Josh Duhamel (When in Rome) playing Aunt Bea and her high school sweetheart Hobart. Their on-screen chemistry and relationship dynamic was so entertaining, despite a novel never been written, it would be great to see a film about their lives after the events of this movie.
Littered with many other recognizable actors and actresses, Elizabeth Allen does a great job by not letting any of them steal the show but guiding them to truly express their characters. Joey King is the physical embodiment of Ramona's energy and spirit that the movie can easily take us back to our childhoods in elementary school when we read these books.
Not limited to but the majority of the film is from Ramona's perspective of things and the lines at times blur between her reality and her fantasy that so easily happen to young children. It's displayed vivid and colorfully to entice the audience and have those who long for the free nature of their childhood to yearn for it just a little bit more. Not to be too lost in fantasy the plight of the Quimby family is something that is very real in our lives. Robert Quimby, the girl's father, loses his job just as the family is working on extending the home so they might house the growing family easier. How too easily do we gain a little comfort in our lives before reality does something to keep us level. This movie is a great way to introduce that aspect of our world to younger audiences.
Ramona and Beezus
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125 staff and 15 priests at Tirumala test positive, row over temple being kept open
While Honorary chief priest A V Ramana Dikshitulu has raised concerns, TTD Chairman Subba Reddy asserted that the employees and archakas were safe.
Coronavirus Coronavirus Thursday, July 16, 2020 - 18:07
Honorary chief priest at the Tirumala Venkateswara temple A V Ramana Dikshitulu has raised concerns over the temple remaining open for darshans, with several priests testing positive for the coronavirus. Dikshitulu, who has openly criticised the actions of the Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanams (TTD) Board several times in the past, asked Chief Minister Jagan Mohan Reddy to take action to avert a "disaster."
While Dikshitulu only mentioned about 15 out of 50 temple priests, so far, 140 people posted at the temple have tested positive for the coronavirus, according to TTD chairman Y V Subba Reddy.
"@ysjagan 15 out of 50 archakas carona +ve quarantined. Still 25 results awaited. TTD EO and AEO refuse to stop darshans. Obediently following anti hereditary archaka and anti brahmin policy of TDP and CBN. Disaster if this continues. Please take action," he wrote
@ysjagan 15 out of 50 archakas carona +ve quarantined. Still 25 results awaited. TTD EO and AEO refuse to stop darshans. Obediently following anti hereditary archaka and anti brahmin policy of TDP and CBN. Disaster if this continues. Please take action.
— Ramana Dikshitulu (@DrDikshitulu) July 16, 2020
Responding to Ramana Dikshitulu's tweet, Subba Reddy said that the honorary priest should not have made such a comment on social media, and should have instead approached the TTD board with his advice.
Speaking to reporters on Thursday, Subba Reddy revealed that of the 140 staff members who contracted COVID-19, a majority were among the security forces from the Andhra Pradesh Special Police (APSP) Battalions and the potu workers or kitchen staff who make the temple laddus.
"Most of the staff who tested positive are among the police. The reason was that they came for duty from other districts, and they all stay in the same place," he said. He also said that out of the 140 staff members, around 70 people have already recovered and are either under home quarantine or have returned to duty, while the remaining 70 people are under treatment. Only one employee is in a critical state, and the rest are all free of any health complications, he said.
Subba Reddy said that so far, 14 of the 40 archakas (priests) of the Tirumala temple have COVID-19. "We met with them to discuss if there is any danger. We told them that we don't mind suspending darshan, it's important that they (archakas) are in good health and services to the deity must continue. They (archakas) said that they only want individual accommodation and dining facilities, and they are not concerned with decisions about darshan and devotees," the TTD Chairman said.
He asserted that although 140 staff members have contracted COVID-19, so far, not a single pilgrim has either contracted COVID-19 or has infected anyone on visiting the temple. It is of course unclear how the TTD has established this. Subba Reddy said that the infections were only caused by employees and security staff who had arrived from other places.
Recently, representatives of the TTD staff and workers' union had written to TTD authorities requesting them to temporarily close the temple for darshan, in view of rising COVID-19 cases in Tirupati and the rest of India.
Ramana Dikshitulu had been sacked from the post of chief priest at the Tirumala Venkateswara temple back in 2018, on the grounds of exceeding the retirement age. The decision was taken after he addressed a press meet alleging financial irregularities by the TTD.
After the YSRCP government came to power, he was appointed as an 'Agama advisor' on par with the temple priests. He was later reinstated as the 'honorary chief priest', and it was announced that he would serve in an advisory role without being directly involved in the affairs of the temple.
Watch: TTD Chairman Y V Subba Reddy responds to concerns over COVID-19 cases among TTD staff


text:
Alabama Gazette - The people's voice of reason
Autauga County Sheriffs Office
Commissioners Corner, PSC
Elmore County Sheriff
From the Mayors desk
Inside the State House
Montgomery County Sheriffs Office
Smart Girl's Politics
The Financial Corner
Bench-Bar & Beyond
Smart Girl Politics
The Chambliss Commentary
Kritter Korner
The Education Station
Trisston's Tidbits
Triston Tidbits
By Robert Tate
For The Love Of Old Aircraft
November 1, 2013 | View PDF
I opened the Montgomery Advertiser this morning and I was overwhelmed with joy. Okay, not overwhelmed, but I was pretty happy to see the Collings Foundation is bringing their B-17, B-24 and P-51 to Montgomery on 27, 28 and 29 October. The last time they were here in town was close to three years ago when I was still pretty new as your Robservation writer. Because the Collings Foundation is back in town, I decided to reprint this, my eighth Robservation. Enjoy.
I've been married to the same wonderful woman for over 28 years and am as blessed as any man can possibly be. Still, like any red-blooded American male, I remain appreciative of physical beauty. The world is full of it. I'm not necessarily talking about the new Victoria Secrets commercial or Kate Beckensale running around as a vampire. (Okay, maybe a little) Although many a beauty will grab my attention from time to time, few succeed in keeping it.
I'm not sure if it is the way she looks standing alone in the distance or whether it is the way she confidently presents and carries herself. Strong and self-assured yet full of the soft, majestic lines every man likes to see. It is almost like the woman who walks into the room and acts as though she owns the place. People are unwittingly drawn to her like a moth to a flame. As I approached her the other day, my decades old initial reactions to her still proved to be correct. She, in her own way, remains indescribably stunning. She may not be as "pretty" as some younger "girls," but none are more beckoning, proud and supremely confident as is she. When you saddle up next to her, the feel of her "skin" under your hand is intoxicating and her scent unforgettable. She, in effect, is what we call "the total package." My wife knows of my obsession yet graciously puts up with it. "Bless his heart," she thinks.
Now before you jump to conclusions, I am of course talking about the Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress. From 1-4 November, members of the Collings Foundation brought their B-17 "Nine-O-Nine", their B-24 "Witchcraft", and a P-51 Mustang to the Montgomery Regional Airport. This is an event that I look forward to like a little kid on Christmas morning. Whenever I find out a B-17 (any B-17) is coming to town, I start planning my schedule to make sure I'm around so I can see her. Sometimes only a solitary B-17 will show up, other times more planes will come. It doesn't really matter to me because the star of the show remains the same.
Although I love the P-51 and recognize it as one of the two greatest fighter aircraft of all time, there are literally hundreds of those flying around. As for the B-24, although there are only two of those flying today, it is just not as pretty an airplane. The B-24 is the ugly puppy at the kennel that nobody sees. It is a good dog and a tireless workhorse that will serve its owner honorably but . . . it's not a B-17.
The B-17. Made famous by movies like 12 O'clock High, The War Lover and Memphis Belle, out of the 12,731 B-17s built during the war, only 45 are left, of which 15 at any given time are airworthy. And yes I was fixin' to crawl through one.
The tours began Monday afternoon at 1400. When my wife and I got to the airport at 1345, she could tell I was ready to burst. Across the fence from us stood "the other woman." I started walking faster and faster, turning back to her urging her to "come on." Going into the Montgomery Aviation main building which led to the ramp, she told me she had to first use the bathroom. I thought to myself, "Oy, now I have to wait another 3.27 minutes."
Out of the building and into the clear blue sky, the only thing separating me from "Nine-O-Nine" was the beautiful silver P-51 and about 50 yards of open tarmac. After a brief discussion with several of the pilots, my prize was just a few heartbeats away. As I approached her I had to stop, marvel at her functional beauty and ponder her very existence. Why was she born at all? What was her real purpose? What was her role in helping to defend this great democratic republic we live in today? Do people realize she was just as deadly as she is beautiful? My mind could not help but wander to the dark days of WWII when Nazi Germany looked unstoppable and most of Europe was under her crushing Teutonic boot.
After WWI, aviation technology began to blossom in earnest. Many military theorists began to speculate that an enemy country could be defeated through aerial bombardment alone. To this end, many industrialized countries built bomber aircraft for that role. In the US, many bombers were built and to be honest, most of them stunk. It wasn't until Boeing built the Model 299/ XB-17 in 1935 that the hallmark of a true thoroughbred was born. This machine matured rapidly and the newly coded YB-17 evolved through the B-17 E, F and culminated in the magnificent B-17G. Bristling with up to 13 .50 caliber machine guns, the B-17 wore her moniker "Flying Fortress" well. Worn torn and tested, the B-17 became the face of American airpower in WWII. It remains that face today.
When one stops to think of the contribution of the men who flew in this and other great airplanes over Europe during WWII, the numbers are truly staggering. During the war over Europe, American bombers dropped some 395,000 tons of bombs on Germany. In doing so, we lost 4,754 B-17s with their crews of 10 men and suffered a total of 174,238 casualties (deaths, PoWs, injuries). Few people realize the conditions in which these men had to fight their German counterparts. Flying in their unpressurized aircraft, at the altitudes they flew, the temperatures inside these bombers often dropped to -37 degrees. Men without hands, fingers, toes and noses, lost to frostbite, was a common sight on American bomber bases during the war.
When I watch shows on HBO like "The Pacific" or movies like "Flags of our Fathers" and "Letters From Iwo Jima," I am reminded how brutal the war in the Pacific was and how hard the Marines had it. Not to demean the contributions of the Marines by any stretch, but few realize that although the Marines had 19,733 men killed, in the air war over Europe we lost 45,520 KIA. Some sources put Marine casualties at 31,986, 5.44 times less than that of the airmen. The battlefield in the skies over Europe was bloodier than the worst of Pacific battlefields.
I also often think about the young German pilots sent up daily to try and turn back the unstoppable American formations. One German pilot, Hans Phillip penned a letter four days before his death in October 1943 about attacking the American bombers. He wrote, "To fight against twenty Russians that want to have a bite of one, or also against Spitfires, is a joy. And one doesn't know that life is not certain. But to curve into seventy Fortresses (B-17s) lets all the sins of one's life pass before one's eyes." 1 A Luftwaffe pilot attacking a single Bomb Group of 21 B-17s, had to brave the defensive firepower of 273 machine guns. One German pilot wrote that attacking an American formation was like trying to have sex with a porcupine and not getting stuck.
"The Collings Foundation's B-17 - "Nine-O-Nine."
It was with these and dozens of other thoughts that filled my mind as I approached this most magnificent and timeless of women. To look at her, to touch her and to smell her was to put me into the skies with those young men who fought, died and won the war so many years ago. I can only hope that groups like the Collings Foundation will continue to do what they do. They tour the entire country every year, bringing this living history for all of us to enjoy. The next time they come to Montgomery, I suggest as many of you as possible come out to see these magnificent machines. Although I doubt many will share the same visceral response to them as do I, you will nonetheless see them for the wonderful history they represent.
My wife and I went back out on Thursday to watch them take-off. When I was talking with a couple of the pilots, they told me how I could become a member of the foundation and get checked out as a pilot on the B-17 and B-24. When I retire from Delta (if not sooner) and have time to dedicate to this cause, I will certainly be sitting in the cockpit, also presenting this great history to our younger generation. So until the next time they grace the skies of Montgomery, fly safely and Hals und Beinbruch.
1. Horrido, p.264
Autauga County Sheriff's Office
Kayo - One Man Sawmill - Last Generation
"Rotary District 6880 Year in Review in Pictures"
Honoring Our Heros
Legislative Session for Most Part Successful, Especially for Governor Kay Ivey
Doing the County's Bid...John Sophocleus
Honoring Our HerosMartha Poole Simmons
The Most Charismatic n...Ed Jones
A Season for Giving! $...Staff Writer
Is it good to think ab...Ron Holtsford
Alabama Gazette
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© 2020 The Alabama Gazette Publishing, LLC


The owner of this business should claim their listing by clicking the image on the left. It is free and easy to do. Below is a "Send" button which you can use to let us know that Pirello Woodworking can not be reached at 14020 NW 19th Ave or at (305) 681-2999. For a map and driving directions to 14020 NW 19th Ave in Opa Locka please scroll down and click the link under the map to "View Larger Map". If Pirello Woodworking is not the business you are looking for, feel free to click on the Trades or Home Renovations links above to find another merchant to help you. To contact Pirello Woodworking please visit them at 14020 NW 19th Ave in Opa Locka or give them a phone call at (305) 681-2999.


This flying safari highlights some of the truly distinctive areas of Namibia including the dramatic red dunes of Sossusvlei, the fascinating landscapes of the Damaraland region and the enormous hidden Hartmann Valley in the far north. Travelling with Wilderness Air allows one to experience this vast and unique country – whether it is the changing colours of the Namib, the oldest desert in the world; the deep blue and seal colonies of the cool Atlantic coast or some of the remotest wilderness areas in Africa. The camps are all situated within private concessions, while accommodation styles vary between luxury villas and traditional tented rooms.
Focusing on the amazing contrasts of this spectacular country, the Distinctive Namibia Circuit itinerary begins at the iconic dunes and pans or vleis of the Namib Desert before venturing onto the rocky outcrops of Damaraland where desert-adapted elephant and black rhino roam and then onto the oasis of the Kunene River surrounded by mountains and plains. Add to this the solitude, incredible night skies, the desert fauna that could be encountered, visiting the Himba people – one of the last true nomads in Africa - and the wide open spaces, and you will experience a journey that is truly distinctive.
Fly from Windhoek to the Sossusvlei region, and spend to nights in the Kulala Desert Lodge, with convenient access to the splendour of the towering red dunes of the Namib.
After a scenic flight over the Namib Desert and a section of coastline the journey continues by air to northern Damaraland for two nights at either Damaraland Camp or Desert Rhino Camp on a fully inclusive basis.
Continue your journey by light aircraft to the vast Marienfluss Conservancy in the extreme north-west of Namibia. Here you will stay for two-nights at Serra Cafema Camp, situated on the banks of the Kunene river.
Depart from Windhoek by air and spend two nights exploring the Sossusvlei region, staying in the Kulala Wilderness Reserve, which provides convenient access to the splendour of the towering red dunes of the Namib. Activities at Little Kulala start with morning guided game drives to the spectacular dunes of Sossusvlei. A private gate into the Park allows for early arrival at the dunes thereby maximising photographic opportunities and scenic grandeur. Kulala Wilderness Reserve, a 40 000-hectare (98 842-acre) tract of land, is home to all forms of desert wildlife, and borders the expansive Namib Naukluft Park. The Sossusvlei dunes rise dramatically more than 300 metres and are surrounded by awe-inspiring topography. Emphasis is laid on the smaller desert fauna, spectacular scenery and the incredible night sky. Larger desert-adapted wildlife such as ostrich, springbok and gemsbok flourish here with carnivores such as bat-eared fox, Cape fox, cheetah and black-backed jackal often seen.
Enjoy a scenic flight over the Namib Desert for a different perspective of the "dune sea" and the possibility of seeing a wreck or two plus an old mining camp. After flying along a section of coastline to Swakopmund for refuelling, we head inland to northern Damaraland for two nights at either Damaraland Camp or Desert Rhino Camp. We leave the sandy dunes and make our way to an ancient rockstrewn landscape, of a previous glacial era.
The 352.200-hectare (870.305-acre) Torra Conservancy is a vast rocky area of rugged beauty interspersed with linear oases where spectacular topography dominate and an almost unquantifiable stillness pervades the air.
This private concession supports a diverse complement of arid-adapted wildlife, including several herds of Namibia's acclaimed 'desert-adapted' elephants, and healthy numbers of Hartmann's mountain zebra, southern giraffe, gemsbok and springbok in a landscape dotted with equally interesting flora. The conservancy, in which Damaraland Camp is situated, is the result of a highly successful partnership between Wilderness Safaris and the local Torra community that has become an inspiration for communities and conservationists throughout Africa.
Supporting the largest free-roaming population of desert-adapted black rhino in Africa, the 450 000-hectare (1 million acres) Palmwag Concession consists of rocky hills, flat-topped mountains and plains with unique flora such as the ancient welwitschia plants. The oasis-like freshwater springs support a surprising amount of life – Hartmann's mountain zebra, giraffe, gemsbok, springbok, kudu, spotted and brown hyaena as well as some of the elusive leopard, lion and cheetah populations of north-west Namibia. The opportunity to track rhino by vehicle and on foot is one of the highlights here. Desert Rhino Camp is run in conjunction with the Save the Rhino Trust, with a portion of the guest revenue going to the Trust.
Fly by light aircraft to the vast Marienfluss Conservancy in the extreme north-west of Namibia for a two-night stay at Serra Cafema Camp. This intimate camp, whose design pays homage to the Himba people, is scenically poised along the lush banks of the Kunene River, in total contrast to the surrounding desert. Serra Cafema is one of the most remote and surreal destinations in Africa – the Kunene River a rejuvenating band of green surrounded by a lunar-like landscape of the Namib and the Cafema mountain range to the north.
Informative nature drives and guided quad-bike excursions allow guests to experience the mountains, dunes and plains on this area in its unbridled glory. The utmost care is taken to tread lightly and preserve the unique and delicate habitats of this landscape. Boating on the Kunene River provides guests with the opportunity to venture through the riverside oases with resident crocodiles and waterbirds. Walking in the remote mountain and river valleys is also a highlight, as is a visit to a Himba settlement. The intriguing fairy circle phenomenon is also best viewed in the Hartmann Valley.


How is this a duplicate of #8679? When I run this demo http://jsfiddle.net/timmywil/phfZT/2/ I see both outputs as zero in IE7.
@Motty: this ticket is really reporting two separate issues. The first is worksforme because I can't reproduce a problem. The second is a duplicate of #8679 because it is due to calling focus in the callback.
Now seeing your edited comment. I see 1 then 0 in IE7. Not sure what is different then.
This is what I'm seeing: http://i51.tinypic.com/m8h5i1.jpg ... I am using IE9 in IE7 compatibility mode. Not sure if that's the difference.
Interestingly, if I put the removeAttr before the addClass, it works. I'll just use that as a workaround then. Thanks!
@Motty: yea that's really strange. Your pic looks an awful lot like IE9, but I tested IE9 as well and it works for me there too so I'm not sure how to reproduce.


text:
Person Page 2947
Lily Howard (F)
She married William Lowry Wylie.
Lydia Howard (F)
b. 21 March 1844, d. 27 June 1910
Pop-up Pedigree
Lydia Howard was born on 21 March 1844 at Hellam Twp., York Co., Pennsylvania. She was the daughter of Jacob Howard and Wilhelmina (?). She married David D. Poff on 2 November 1865. Lydia was listed as David D. Poff's wife on the 1880 Census at Lower Windsor Twp., York Co., Pennsylvania. Lydia Howard died on 27 June 1910 at York Co., Pennsylvania, at age 66. She was buried in 1910 at Canadochly Cemetery, Lower Windsor Twp., York Co., Pennsylvania.
Child of Lydia Howard and David D. Poff
Flora Ida Poff b. 17 Jun 1866, d. 7 Jun 1900
Mahala Howard (F)
d. after 1 December 1822
Last name could be Boulton. She married Benjamin Chesnut at Kentucky. Mahala died after 1 December 1822.
Children of Mahala Howard and Benjamin Chesnut
Patricia Patience Chesnut+ d. 13 Feb 1888
John Chesnut b. 1805
Susannah M. Chesnut+ b. 21 Apr 1810, d. 12 Apr 1887
Benjamin Howard Chesnut+ b. 15 Sep 1813, d. 12 Apr 1897
Julius C. Chesnut+ b. 15 Oct 1815, d. 19 Sep 1899
Sarah Chesnut+ b. 1819
Zibeah "Mahala" Chesnut+ b. 1820
Abraham Chesnut+ b. 1 Dec 1822, d. 20 Jun 1891
Marion Elise Howard (F)
Marion Elise Howard married Edward Lewis Hoffman, son of James Edward Hoffman and Matilda Corinne Vaughn.
Mary Howard (F)
Mary Howard married Milton Blouse.
Child of Mary Howard and Milton Blouse
Jennie E. Blouse+ b. 8 Sep 1920, d. 8 Oct 2000
O.M. Howard1 (M)
He married Eliza Brown.
Children of O.M. Howard and Eliza Brown
Vera Howard
Anneliza Howard
Eva Howard
Jessie Howard
[S27] John Philip Dellinger, Paul H. Dellinger.
Sarah Howard1 (F)
Sarah was born at Indiana circa 1832. She married Curthburt V. Franklin at Tippecanoe Co., Indiana, on 24 August 1854.
[S68] Joseph & Elizabeth Franklin, FFRU Vol 18.
Sophia Howard1 (F)
She married John Wade.
Child of Sophia Howard and John Wade
Mary Sophia Wade b. 1755
[S150] Descendants of Alexander Chesnut, online http://www.familytreemaker.com/users/c/h/e/Daniel-sr-L-Chesnut.
Sophronia O. Howard (F)
d. 9 October 1881
Sophronia O. Howard married John Mason Young, son of John Norris Young Rev. and Euphemia Eleanor Strong, on 11 June 1879 at Tabernacle, Tennessee. Sophronia O. Howard died on 9 October 1881 at Covington, Tipton Co., Tennessee.
Children of Sophronia O. Howard and John Mason Young
Charles Pressly Young b. 20 Mar 1880, d. 17 Dec 1880
Elizabeth Young b. 11 Apr 1881
Thomas Howard (M)
b. 14 September 1812, d. 15 April 1815
Thomas Howard was born 14 Sep 1812 and died 15 Apr 1815; records of St. George's Church, Hempstead, L.I. Thomas Howard d. 15 Apr 1815; records of St. George's Church, Hempstead, L.I. Thomas was born on 14 September 1812. He was the son of Thomas Howard Capt. and Maria Moffat. Thomas died on 15 April 1815 at age 2.


text:
This xml sample shows how to send a geocode service GeocodeAddress SOAP request
You may import this xml and execute it in SoapUI (view free download here http://www.soapui.org/downloads/soapui.html) or other third party software like Microsoft BizTalk that uses xml to send SOAP request

[Documentation on Feature service Update method]
(http://resources.arcgis.com/en/help/soap/10.1/index.html#/GeocodeAddress/01vp0000001v000000/)

## Features
* Uses geocode service
* Uses GeocodeAddress method in SOAP API
* Shows the structure of GeocodeAddress response
* Constructs PropertySetProperty as address to geocode
* This sample shows two method (method1 and method2) to geocode an address based on the way address PropertySetProperty is constructed
* This sample shows an alternative way to send soap request instead of using C#.Net or Java (C# code sample: view the Documentation link above)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


This explains how Citclops collect, use, share and protect information in relation to activities of the Citclops app. What's described below applies to all visitors, users, and others who use the app.
information about the phone e.g. camera parameters.
All information about water colour and profile is public unless it is specified otherwise during the installation.
Your information collected and processed may be stored and processed in Citclops servers in the EU.


text:
DEATHS, INJURIES, ABUSE:Group homes failed most vulnerable and collected taxpayer money
Ramsey's library's director, Matt Latham, said that until Aug. 31, any items in the children's and teen sections of the library can be borrowed with no fines attached as part of the library's summer reading project.
But the "fine-free summer," Latham said, is also a pilot project to see if the library can do this more frequently, or even on a permanent basis for all patrons.
"The main point for me is to provide the easiest access to materials and services for the entire community. Fines can act as a barrier for a number of reasons," Latham said.
Some fine-free, others considering
The Montclair Public Library on June 1 went fine-free permanently for books, movies and other items. If those are borrowed and not returned by the due date, they must be renewed before they can be taken out again.
Montclair library Director Peter Coyl said his employees noticed an uptick in the number of people coming to the library after the policy went into effect.
He pointed to one patron who had racked up nearly $150 in fines on children's items she returned late years ago. "She couldn't afford the fine and started using her children's cards," Coyl said. "When she heard we were fine-free and granting amnesty, she came to reinstate her card so she could use the library on her own again."
Coyl said Hackensack and Ramsey were among several library systems that reached out to him about this policy.
David Hanson, executive director of the 77-member Bergen County Cooperative Library System, applauded the new policies.
"I think for the ones that are going fine-free, it is a new day for a lot of those folks, and we are all excited to see what happens," he said.
Many libraries are considering making the change.
Ellen O'Keefe, the Glen Rock Library director, said some patrons have broached the topic with her, and the library's board will discuss the matter.
New Milford Library Director Terrie McColl said his board is keeping an eye on Hackensack, Montclair and Ramsey before making changes.
Meanwhile, Rita Browning, the Cresskill Public Library director, said she plans to present the fine-free issue at the next board meeting in July. But she knows the board's stance on this topic.
"My board is really nickel-and-diming everything, so at this point I don't think they are going to be interested," Browning said.
Email: kaulessar@northjersey.com


text:
Q: database in not updating online but work at localhost I have created a database table it is working fine when i check on localhost but its not working when i upload on server and it doesn't show any error also.the script is running fine

A: What error message are you getting?  Make sure errors are enabled.  This will help pinpoint the problem.  Likely it's just that your address isn't "localhost" anymore or something along those lines.

A: Check if the table has a prefix or not.
Most likely you are missing the correct name of the table, or the database itself.

A: This type of problem occyed when database structure is different in server and local host or error in connection to database.
try out below code at db  connection function
if(!mysql_connect($host,$user,$password))
{
echo mysql_error();
}
if(!mysql_connect_db($databse_name))
{
echo mysql_error();
}

try out code for testing your error where you execute query
if(!mysql_query($query))
{
echo mysql_error();
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange