text:
Mauricio Font's Publications
Books on Latin America
Coffee, Contention, and Change in the Making of Modern Brazil
Basil Blackwell, 1990
Author: Mauricio Font
This book provides a new interpretation of a crucial period in the history of modern Brazil. It also challenges a pivotal tenet of development theory. The Revolution in Brazil in 1930, and the social, political, and economic movements in São Paulo and the south which led up to and followed it, have long been the subject of scrutiny by Latin American Scholars. The dependencia school of Cardoso and Fernandes and the Paulista school in sociology have generalized from their analysis of change in Brazil to argue a broad explanation of patterns of development: they describe a process in which, characteristically, coalitions of export elites exercise power over policy making, industrialization and the national economy. The coffee exporters of Brazil, they argue, were a classic example of such a powerful elite.
Basing his interpretation on original research into the social organization of the coffee sector, Mauricio Font challenges the monistic view of industrialization in Brazil as over-simple and misleading. He is able to show that a powerful group of small and medium producers consistently defied the larger landholders and acted against their coherence and power. This much more complex picture provides the basis for his alternative explanation of the roles both of large and of small planters in the Revolution of 1930, the origins of which, he argues, lies less in external factors than in the internal workings of the export sector.
Coffee, Contention, and Change is at once a compelling account of the intimate workings of a society in ferment, and an important theoretical contribution to studies of social organization and change. It may well have a profound effect on what have hitherto been accepted accounts of the political and the economic evolution of developing nations.
Copyright © Mauricio A. Font 1990
Copyright © 2021 Mauricio Font's Publications. All Rights Reserved.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Sony to Outfit Smallest Vaio With Flash-Disk
CIO	 Jun 27, 2006 8:00 am PDT
Sony will replace hard disks with flash memory when it launches a new model of its Vaio U laptop next week, it said on Tuesday.
The computer will be one of the first on the market that uses flash memory in place of magnetic storage. Flash has long been eyed as a potential replacement for hard-disk drives because it's lighter, runs silently, offers faster data access and uses less power, but price has always been an obstacle.
The cost per bit of flash storage is still more expensive than hard-disk drives, but it has fallen to a level where some PC makers are experimenting with flash drives.
The Vaio UX90 will come with 16GB of flash memory storage in place of the 30GB hard-disk drive on the original model. It will cost about 210,000 yen (US$1,805), or about 40,000 yen more than the disk-based model, and go on sale in Japan on July 3.
Sony Headquarters
Samsung Electronics launched a couple of PCs with flash storage earlier this month. The Q30 laptop and Q1 ultra-mobile PC both use Samsung's "solid state disk," which packs 32GB of NAND flash memory into a case the same size as a 1.8-inch hard-disk drive. Samsung is the world's largest manufacturer of flash memory.
-Martyn Williams, IDG News Service (Tokyo Bureau)


text:
Kruzslák Béla (Budapest, 1900. június 20. – Budapest, 1970. február 9.) vasesztergályos.

Életrajza

1917-ben belépett a Magyarországi Vas- és Fémmunkások Központi Szövetségébe. Gyári sztrájkok szervezésében vett részt különféle gépgyárakban 1917-18-ban. Az 1918 októberi polgári demokratikus forradalom idején tagja volt a népőrségnek; a Magyarországi Tanácsköztársaság alatt a román és a cseh fronton harcolt a Vörös Hadsereg 68. vadászzászlóaljával, majd hadifogságba került. 1923-ban lépett be az MSZDP-be, már elejétől fogva a baloldali ellenzékhez csatlakozott. 1927-ben tagja lett a KMP-nek, 1929-ben segédkezett létrehozni a csepeli üzemi sejtet. Ezután egy évig volt Bécsben és Párizsban, ahol pártmunkát végzett.

1931-ben tér haza, ekkor megválasztották a Magyarországi Vas- és Fémmunkások Központi Szövetsége illegális kommunista csoportjának tagjává. 1932–34-ben vezette az Egyesült Szakszervezeti Ellenzéket, szerkesztő bizottsági tag volt az Ellenzéki Munkásnál. 1927-től 1943-ig összesen nyolc és fél évig ült börtönben, illetve volt internáló táborban. A második világháború során gépgyáraknál állt alkalmazásban, a Magyar Acélárugyárban üzemi főbizalmiként működött.

1945 után Budapest XIII. kerületében a MKP megalapítóinak egyike volt, később kerületi titkár, országgyűlési képviselő lett, majd a Magyarországi Vas- és Fémmunkások Országos Szabad Szakszervezete választotta elnökségi tagjáva. 1949–től 1953-ig tanult a Műszaki Akadémián. 1954 és 1956 között tagja volt az MDP Központi Revíziós Bizottságának. 1950-től állami és gazdasági vezető tisztségeket ruháztak rá, így az Alumíniumgyár, a Magyar Felvonógyár igazgatója lett, 1957-ben Borsod megyében ipari városok kormánybiztosa volt. 1957-től 1965-ben történt nyugdíjazásáig főosztályvezetőként működött a Kohó- és Gépipari Minisztériumban. 1966-tól 1970-ig tagja volt az MSZMP Központi Ellenőrző Bizottságnak.

Emlékezete

1975-től 1990-ig utca viselte a nevét Budapest XIII. kerületében (ma Gömb utca).

Kitüntetései
Magyar Szabadság Érdemrend ezüst fokozat (1946)
Munka érdemrend arany fokozat
Munkás-paraszt hatalomért emlékérem
Munka vörös zászló érdemrendje

Források
 Magyar életrajzi lexikon
 Budapest teljes utcanévlexikona (Sprinter Kiadó, 2003)

1900-ban született személyek
1970-ben elhunyt személyek
Az MSZDP korábbi tagjai
KMP-tagok
MKP-tagok
MDP-tagok
MSZMP-tagok
Országgyűlési képviselők (Ideiglenes Nemzetgyűlés)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


In May, the city council approved spending $510,000 to keep House of Charity open around the clock. The city has also committed to spending $1.1 million in 2018 to keep the entire shelter system, which includes day and night shelter for families with children, single women and teens, operating.
Beginning next week, the city will launch a multi-pronged strategy spreading the word to the homeless community about what services are available to them, including signs below the freeway informing homeless people how to access food, shelter and healthcare.
The services are there. There's no need to sleep under the bridge anymore.
Stuckart said he believes the number of homeless people has not only risen in Spokane, but also in other American cities he has visited recently, including Seattle, Portland, Boise and Salt Lake City. He blamed income inequality.
The idea to use boulders is a tactic of law enforcement and urban design that uses environmental design to deter criminal behavior. Better lighting and visibility, designing streets for more pedestrian and bicycle traffic as a form of "natural surveillance" and creating more open and visible public spaces are other ways to deter crime.
Using design to drive homeless people away from certain areas is used by many cities, and Spokane isn't new to the use of homeless-deterrent planning.
Benches with vertical slats, large armrests or bucket seats are used in many cities to keep people from lying down or even sitting for too long. In large part, downtown Spokane doesn't have benches, except for in Riverfront Park and near the transit plaza.
Notably, in 2013 city leaders banned sitting or lying on downtown sidewalks. Advocates say the law intended to "clean up" downtown and was not aimed at homeless people. The police department said nuisance crime dropped after the law passed, but the majority of people cited under the law in its first years were homeless.
This time, Stuckart and others are clear: the rocks are aimed at homeless campers.
It looks nicer than a bunch of dirt and scraggily trees. But it won't stop us. We'll just find somewhere else to camp.
Steve Allen, executive director of Family Promise of Spokane, said he had nothing but praise for the city of Spokane's work for the homeless, even though he suggested the boulder-laying work might not seem that praise-worthy at first glance.
On Thursday afternoon, homeless people watched as earth movers put the rocks in place between Bernard and McClellan streets.
Jeremy Hinricks, 46, has been homeless a year. He doesn't mind the new basalt.
Hinricks said he hasn't slept at a shelter because they're "nasty," but he goes there to shower. With winter coming, he's considering giving the shelter a shot.
"I sleep where it's safe," he said.


Upperside with uneven brown, yellow, and orange pattern. Forewing with a black apical patch, a small white spot in the orange field below the patch, and a white bar at the leading edge of the forewing.
Underside of hindwing with two large eyespots. Winter form is smaller and paler, summer form larger with brighter coloring.


text:
Big Tech CEOs Ready Defences for US Congress Hearing Into Their Growing Power
The chief executives of four of the largest US tech companies plan to deflect criticism next week in a Congressional hearing into their use of market power to hurt rivals by saying they themselves face competition and by debunking claims they are so dominant.
The CEOs of Facebook, Amazon, Alphabet's Google, and Apple, are set to speak before the House Judiciary Committee's antitrust panel on July 27. They will present their testimonies virtually, according to sources familiar with their plans.
The panel is questioning the companies as part of its sweeping probe into whether they actively work to harm and eliminate smaller rivals, while not always making the best choices for their customers.
The high-profile hearing, which will bring together Amazon's Jeff Bezos, Facebook's Mark Zuckerberg, Apple's Tim Cook, and Google's Sundar Pichai, will be a key moment in the growing backlash against Big Tech in the United States and is likely to set up a face-off between the executives and skeptical lawmakers from both parties.
Many tech lobbying groups and industry critics say the hearing is unlikely to address core antitrust issues or bring new information to the table, however.
Apple is likely to be quizzed about the way it manages its app store after facing criticisms that it presents hurdles to newcomers. Apple told Reuters it will argue it does not have controlling market share for apps. The iPhone maker views its store as a feature designed to ensure the security and reliability of its phones.
Apple will address issues such as the approval process for the app store – long a sore point with developers who have said their apps are held up without warning – and allegations it does not share key functions such as data about the phone's location.
The other companies will also contend they still face plenty of competition.
A source familiar with Amazon's plans said Jeff Bezos will talk about the options consumers have for online purchases and how the coronavirus pandemic has boosted e-commerce overall – including for large retail rivals such as Walmart.
He will also talk about small sellers on its third-party marketplace platform and "how they have continued to thrive despite competition from Amazon," the source added. Amazon has come under scrutiny on how it uses data from small sellers to benefit its own business.
Bezos will also address allegations the company took advantage of the pandemic by limiting inventory sold by small sellers but will stay away from bringing up contentious issues such as the conversation around breaking up the company, the source said.
Facebook's Zuckerberg will follow a similar tack, another source said. He is expected to argue that the company has strong competitors, including Google and Amazon on the advertising side and Twitter and TikTok in social media.
Zuckerberg is expected to renew Facebook's call for government regulation in areas such as harmful content in social media, election integrity, and privacy – areas where the company has been criticised.
Details of Google's likely arguments were not available. But in recent weeks the firm has published blog posts and a whitepaper asserting that it still faces plenty of competition and that the fees it charges ad buyers and sellers are justified.
Amazon, Facebook and Google declined comment.
"There's not much tech CEOs can do to appease anti-tech critics… this hearing is not about finding truth but creating news stories," said Carl Szabo, vice president and general counsel at industry lobby group NetChoice.
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a-n have just published a very interesting document by Dany Louise, as part of their ongoing research and campaigning on the subject of artists' livelihoods, careers and payment in Britain. It collects some worthwhile reading from bloggers and online news outlets, far too many for me to pull out each one for individual praise except to entice you by mentioning the great You Show Me Yours blog post by Briony Kimmings that hits a lot of stupid little nails right on their stupid little "we don't have a budget for that" heads, the even more excellent open letter by Whitey to a TV production company whose multimillion pound turnover didn't stop them from thinking it was OK to not pay musicians for their work, and the research done by New York's W.A.G.E., including the payment and treatment gaps that still afflict many artists just because they're female.
Naturally there are also links to and praise for this blog and another of my other efforts, the artists' research group Market Project. Of course there are. I am now officially a primary source. Put that in your PhD and smoke it.


CareOne has developed a reputation as a premier health care company and assisted living community due to our commitment to best clinical practices, strong management standards and resident quality of life. We are much more than just an NJ nursing home; we offer a wide variety of services and living arrangements to give each of our residents the individualized care they need and deserve.
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Ein wenig erinnert der Stil der Italiener von 4th 'N Goal an Billy Talent. Fröhlicher, mitreißender Sound mit bretternden, punkigen Beats gepaart mit angenehmen Männerstimmen. Wenn "Turn on the Light" kein Erfolg wird, dann weiß ich nicht….
The time has come! Anticipated by the self released EP, "Turn on the Light" is the first full length record ever released by the 4th 'N Goal, Italy's most acclaimed pop-punk act.
Written at lightiningspeed after returning from the awesome experience as first Italian band who ever played Vans Warped Tour in California, the 10 tracks move from classic pop-punk vibes to the finest EZ revival everyone is talking about.
The record was mixed and mastered at Fusix Studio (Upon This Dawning, Daylight, Last Day Before Holiday) with a track mixed by Sam Pura (The Story So Far, State Champs). Most of the tracks are recorded directly by 4th 'N Goal.
The album also features a guest appearance by Matt Arsenault from "A Loss For Words".
If you loved their hilarious rendition of "Bring Me The Horizon's" "Drown", you'll be more than happy to find it among these tracks.
There is no other way to put it: music is over.
There is no one to blame, it's all about bringing a right conclusion to a project that has given us so much. Thanks to all those who allowed us to live experiences that will be impossible to delete from our minds. We have always tried to do our best every single day in the last seven years and all we have given has always come back in the form of experiences that taught us music is 100% worth living for. We are proud of everything we have done and the way we did it . See you on May 21st for one last time. Thanks for everything.
Klingt stark nach Auflösung. Laut eigener Aussage spielen sie am 21. Mai ihren letzten Gig. Hoffentlich nur temporär. Wäre sehr schade um die talentierten Jungs.


text:
CEBP Focus Archive
Prevention and Early Detection
Soft Drink and Juice Consumption and Risk of Pancreatic Cancer: The Singapore Chinese Health Study
Noel T. Mueller, Andrew Odegaard, Kristin Anderson, Jian-Min Yuan, Myron Gross, Woon-Puay Koh and Mark A. Pereira
Noel T. Mueller
Andrew Odegaard
Kristin Anderson
Jian-Min Yuan
Myron Gross
Woon-Puay Koh
Mark A. Pereira
DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-09-0862 Published February 2010
Background: Sugar-sweetened carbonated beverages (called soft drinks) and juices, which have a high glycemic load relative to other foods and beverages, have been hypothesized as pancreatic cancer risk factors. However, data thus far are scarce, especially from non-European descent populations. We investigated whether higher consumption of soft drinks and juice increases the risk of pancreatic cancer in Chinese men and women.
Methods: A prospective cohort analysis was done to examine the association between soft drink and juice consumption and the risk of pancreatic cancer in 60,524 participants of the Singapore Chinese Health Study with up to 14 years of follow-up. Information on consumption of soft drinks, juice, and other dietary items, as well as lifestyle and environmental exposures, was collected through in-person interviews at recruitment. Pancreatic cancer cases and deaths were ascertained by record linkage of the cohort database with records of population-based Singapore Cancer Registry and the Singapore Registry of Births and Deaths.
Results: The first 14 years for the cohort resulted in cumulative 648,387 person-years and 140 incident pancreatic cancer cases. Individuals consuming ≥2 soft drinks/wk experienced a statistically significant increased risk of pancreatic cancer (hazard ratio, 1.87; 95% confidence interval, 1.10-3.15) compared with individuals who did not consume soft drinks after adjustment for potential confounders. There was no statistically significant association between juice consumption and risk of pancreatic cancer.
Conclusion: Regular consumption of soft drinks may play an independent role in the development of pancreatic cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 19(2); 447–55
Sugar-sweetened beverages
Hyperinsulinemia
Carcinoma of the pancreas is a serious medical and public health problem because of the late presentation of symptoms, high metastatic potential, inadequate therapeutic choices, and lack of primary prevention strategy. Pancreatic cancer is among the most rapidly fatal cancers in adults, with a 5-year survival rate of <5% (1). Although the age-standardized rate of pancreatic cancer has plateaued in the United States, it continues to increase in certain parts of Asia (2). For example, age-standardized rate among Chinese men in Singapore increased from 3.7/100,000 in 1968 to 1972 to 5.4/100,000 in 1998 to 2002. For women, the corresponding figures were 1.5 and 3.4, respectively (3). This increase may reflect demographic and socioeconomic shifts as well as a transition towards a more westernized lifestyle and diet (3, 4).
Identifying modifiable risk factors is important due to the poor prognosis and minimal effect of conventional treatment methods for pancreatic cancer. Cigarette smoking is a modifiable risk factor consistently associated with pancreatic cancer (5). Recently, a large meta-analysis and an expert review report concluded that evidence for body fatness as a cause of pancreatic cancer is convincing (6, 7). A large body of evidence suggests that type 2 diabetes mellitus may be a cause and is a consequence of the carcinogenesis of the pancreas (8). A recent prospective analysis found positive associations between these risk factors and pancreatic cancer risk in Asians as well (4).
Cigarette smokers, obese individuals, and patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, who are all at increased risk of pancreatic cancer, have elevated glucose, C-protein, and insulin levels (9). Elevated post-load and fasting plasma glucose (10-12), nonfasting C-protein (13), and fasting serum insulin (14) have been linked with pancreatic cancer risk. Experimental studies have shown that insulin promotes pancreatic cancer cell growth in vitro in a dose-dependent manner, which could occur through the mitogenic effects of insulin and insulin growth factors on the exocrine cells of the pancreas (15). Accordingly, it is thought that dietary items that induce hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia could result in exposure of exocrine pancreatic cells to high concentrations of insulin, which might contribute to malignant transformation of pancreatic cells.
Soft drinks are the leading sources of added sugar in the U.S. diet (16) and greatly contribute to hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia (17). Some studies found that individuals who consume large quantities of soft drinks were at increased risk for obesity (17-20) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (20-22), conditions that may be on the causal pathway to pancreatic cancer (6-8). Fruit juice also contributes to added sugar in a U.S. diet (16). However, its effect on raising glucose and insulin levels is much less than soft drinks (23). Four prospective studies have investigated the association between soft drink consumption and the risk of pancreatic cancer. Findings were inconsistent. Two of the four studies found a positive association (24, 25), whereas the other two did not find any association between soft drinks and pancreatic cancer risk (26, 27). Only one of these four studies also examined the association between juice intake and pancreatic cancer risk and found a positive but nonsignificant association (26).
To date, all prospective studies examining the role of soft drinks and juice on the development of pancreatic cancer have been conducted in American (24, 26, 27) and European (25) populations, of which the majority of participants were Caucasians. By comparison, there are no studies in Asian populations. This is of importance given the distinct lifestyle and risk factors for obesity and diabetes in Asians compared with Caucasians (28). We conducted the present analysis to examine the association between consumption of soft drinks and juice and risk of pancreatic cancer in a cohort of >60,000 middle-aged or older Chinese men and women in Singapore.
The Singapore Chinese Health Study is a population-based, prospective investigation of diet and cancer risk (29). The study was approved by the institutional review boards of the National University of Singapore and the University of Minnesota. The cohort was drawn from permanent residents of government-built housing estates, where 86% of the Singapore population resided during the enrollment period. Study subjects were restricted to the two major dialect groups of Chinese in Singapore (Hokkien and Cantonese), who originated from the contiguous provinces of Fujian and Guangdong, respectively, in the southern part of China. Recruitment was initiated with a letter informing potential participants of the study and inviting them to take part. Five to 7 days later, study staff went door-to-door to invite subjects to participate. Approximately 85% of eligible subjects who were invited responded positively (29). At recruitment, each subject was interviewed face-to-face in their home by a trained interviewer using a structured, scanner-readable questionnaire, which requested information on demographics, height, weight, use of tobacco, usual physical activity, menstrual and reproductive history (women only), medical history, familial history of cancer, and a 165-item food frequency section assessing usual intake during the previous year. Between April 1993 and December 1998, 63,257 Chinese women and men ages 45 to 74 years (mean age, 56.5 years) were enrolled in the study (29). All subjects gave informed consent as deemed by the completion of the questionnaire.
Dietary Assessment
A semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire, specifically developed for this population and assessing 165 commonly consumed food items, was administered during the baseline interview. During the interview, the respondent referred to accompanying photographs to select from eight food frequency categories (ranging from "never or hardly ever" to "two or more times a day") and three portion sizes. The food frequency questionnaire has been validated against a series of 24-h dietary recall interviews in a random sample of ≥1,000 participants that occurred on one weekday and one weekend day ∼2 months apart (29) and against selected biomarkers (30). Correlation coefficients for energy/nutrients ranged from 0.24 to 0.79, and the majority of macronutrients and food groups had correlation coefficients in the high end of this range (30).
Assessment of Soft Drink and Juice Intake
Three different questions from the food frequency questionnaire specifically asked subjects to report the intake frequency and portion size: (a) soft drinks such as Coca-Cola and 7-Up with one-glass portion; (b) orange juice with one glass, packet, or hawker (vendor) portion; and (c) other fruit and vegetable juices with one glass, packet, or hawker portion. The intake frequency was selected from nine predefined categories: never or hardly ever, 1 to 3 times a month, once a week, 2 to 3 times a week, 4 to 6 times a week, once a day, 2 to 3 times a day, 4 to 5 times a day, and ≥6 times a day. Hawker centers, ubiquitous in Singapore and other parts of Asia, serve a variety of foods all day long and resemble fast-food courts in U.S. shopping malls. Based on 24-h diet recalls conducted on ≥1,000 cohort subjects as part of the food frequency questionnaire validation study (29), participants reported consuming the following juices, estimated as a percentage of total juice consumption: sugarcane juice (20.3%), honeydew melon juice (14.1%), apple juice (12.8%), watermelon juice (9%), carrot juice (9%), pineapple juice (6.4%), star fruit juice (5.1%), and lemon juice drink (5.1%). The remaining canned grape, tomato, prune and juice, along with papaya, plum, and fresh celery juice, each comprised 1.3% to 2.6% of the total juice consumption reported. One glass was assigned a value of 237 mL or equivalent to ∼1 cup.
In conjunction with the Singapore Chinese Health Study, the Singapore Food Composition Table was developed. This food nutrient database lists the levels of 96 nutritive/nonnutritive dietary components per 100 g of cooked food and beverages in the diet of the Singaporean Chinese. By combining the information obtained from the food frequency response with the Food Composition Table, we were able to compute the mean daily intake of nutrients for each subject (29).
Ascertainment of Other Risk Factors
Other known or suspected risk factors for pancreatic cancer assessed with the baseline questionnaire included age (years), medical history, familial history of cancer, tobacco use (age started/quit, amount, frequency, type), highest level of education attained, body mass index (BMI; kg/m2) calculated using self-reported height and weight, and hours of moderate (e.g., brisk walking and bicycling on ground level) and vigorous (e.g., jogging, bicycling on hills, and tennis) physical activity on a weekly basis.
Ascertainment of Pancreatic Cancer and Deaths
Pancreatic cancer cases and deaths among cohort members were identified by record linkage of the cohort database with the population-based Singapore Cancer Registry and the Singapore Registry of Births and Deaths. The nationwide registry has been in place since 1968 and has been shown to be comprehensive in its recording of cancer cases (3). The linkage analysis identified 142 incident cases of pancreatic cancer diagnosed on or before December 31, 2006. Eighty-three (56.4%) pancreatic cancer cases were diagnosed histologically and their diagnoses were confirmed via manual review of pathology reports by medically trained research staff. Fifty-seven (38.8%) cases were diagnosed based on positive clinical signs and symptoms with consistent radiologic history, and 7 (4.8%) cases were identified through death certificates. We excluded one case with endocrine-type pancreatic cancer. Based on our follow-up telephone/in-person interviews conducted between 1999 and 2004, in which 61,685 (97.5%) of the original cohort were contacted, only 17 (0.03%) of the participants emigrated from Singapore. Therefore, the follow-up for identification of pancreatic cancer was virtually complete for the cohort.
Among 63,257 original cohort participants, 1,936 had reported a history of invasive cancer other than nonmelanoma skin cancer. After excluding these prevalent cancer cases, and 796 participants who reported an implausible total energy intake (<500 or >3,500 kcal/d for women and <800 or >4,200 kcal/d for men), we included 60,524 subjects in the present analysis. Person-years of follow-up were counted on a continuous scale from the date of baseline interview to the date of diagnosis of pancreatic cancer, death, or December 31, 2006, whichever occurred first. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to examine the association between beverage consumption and pancreatic cancer with adjustment for potential confounders. The frequency instead of amount of beverages consumed was used as primary exposure variable given the heterogeneity in serving size of different soft drinks or juices in the study population. The strength of association was measured by hazard ratios (HR) and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) and two-sided P values. The HRs per category of soft drink and juice consumption were estimated with simultaneous adjustment for demographic, lifestyle, and dietary variables. Testing indicated that the assumptions of proportionality were not violated.
Soft drink and juice categories were based on intakes that allowed for logical cut points and provided sufficient participants and cases per category. We combined all participants with ≥2 servings/wk to obtain a robust estimate of HR. We grouped orange juice and fruit juices together because they were similarly associated with baseline characteristics and risk of pancreatic cancer in this population.
Three primary models were constructed including risk factors known to be associated with pancreatic cancer, with the final model including baseline BMI, total energy, and history of diabetes, which may be on the causal pathway between beverage intakes and pancreatic cancer risk. In model 1, we calculated HRs after adjusting for sex, age at baseline interview in quintiles, year of interview (1993-1995, 1996-1998), and dialect group (Cantonese, Hokkien). Model 2 further adjusted for highest educational level reached (none, primary, secondary, secondary-plus), smoking status (never, light, heavy), alcohol intake (no, monthly, weekly, daily), moderate physical activity (h/wk), consumption of added sugar and candy combined (g/d), caloric intake (kcal/d), and consumption of either juices (to calculate HR for soft drinks) or soft drinks (to calculate HR for juices). Heavy smokers were defined as those who started to smoke before age 15 years or smoked ≥13 cigarettes/d, whereas the remaining smokers were characterized as light smokers. Model 3 included additional variables for BMI (<18.5, 18.5 to <25, ≤25) at baseline and prevalent or incident diabetes (yes/no). We also adjusted for other potential confounders, including vigorous physical activity, red meat intake, fiber intake, total and saturated fat, and tea, coffee, and dairy intake. Because the adjustment for these additional variables did not materially change the risk estimates, we presented results without adjustment for these variables.
In a sensitivity analysis, we excluded pancreatic cancer cases and the observed person-years occurring in the first 1 year, first 3 years, and first 5 years of follow-up to rule out the potential effect of subclinical symptoms of the disease on the soft drink intake-pancreatic cancer association. Participants in our study who developed diabetes mellitus before baseline may have changed their diet as a consequence of the diagnosis; therefore, we repeated our analysis after excluding participants who reported diabetes mellitus at baseline. We also repeated our analyses in exclusive consumers of soft drink to avoid the potential confounding effect of juice after excluding subjects who consumed ≥1 drink of juice/mo. Similarly, we examined the juice-pancreatic cancer risk association after excluding subjects with at least 1 soft drink/mo. Linear trends were tested by using the Wald test of a score variable that contained median values for intake categories. The presence of an interaction between soft drink consumption and sex, age (quintiles), smoking status (never, light, heavy), BMI (<18.5, 18.5 to <25, ≤25), and history of diabetes mellitus was tested using the likelihood ratio test.
Statistical computing was conducted using SAS statistical software version 9.1 (SAS Institute). All statistical tests were two-sided. P values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant.
Characteristics of the 60,524 people who completed the baseline questionnaire between April 1993 and December 1998 are shown in Table 1. At baseline, 9.7% of the participants consumed at least 2 soft drinks/wk and 10.2% of the participants consumed at least 2 servings of juice/wk. The Spearman correlation between soft drinks and juice was 0.13 (P < 0.01). Compared with nondrinkers of soft drinks, participants who consumed ≥2 soft drinks/wk were younger, more likely to be men, and smoke cigarettes. They also had higher levels of educational attainment, alcohol consumption, total energy intake, and lower levels of physical activity. Patients with a history of type 2 diabetes mellitus at baseline consumed a lower amount of soft drinks (on average, 0.29 drinks/wk) compared with subjects without type 2 diabetes mellitus (0.62 drinks/wk). BMI values were comparable across different categories of soft drink consumption. Subjects who consumed ≥2 soft drinks/wk also had higher consumption of total carbohydrate, fat, added sugar, and red meat. Similarly, participants who reported ≥2 drinks of juice were younger, more likely to be men, and had higher levels of physical activity, education, alcohol consumption, and total energy intake. The consumptions of fat, carbohydrate, added sugar, and red meat intake were higher in more frequent drinkers of juice than nondrinkers. There was no association between juice intake and cigarette smoking or BMI.
Baseline characteristics according to frequency of soft drink and juice consumption in the Singapore Chinese Health Study
After 14 years and 648,387 person-years of follow-up (an average of 10.7 years per person), 140 cohort participants who were cancer free at baseline had developed invasive exocrine pancreatic cancer. In age-adjusted analyses, after exclusion of former smokers, current smokers had a 49% increased risk of pancreatic cancer compared with never smokers (HR, 1.49; 95% CI, 0.98-2.27), which was unaffected by adjustment for diabetes and BMI. There was no statistical evidence for a dose-response association between pack-years of smoking and HR of pancreatic cancer. Neither BMI nor history of type 2 diabetes mellitus was associated with increased risk of pancreatic cancer (HR for BMI ≥25 versus 18.5 to <25, 1.16; 95% CI, 0.77-1.74; HR for type 2 diabetes mellitus versus no type 2 diabetes mellitus, 1.06; 95% CI, 0.65-1.71).
HRs for pancreatic cancer by categories of soft drink and juice consumption are given in Table 2 for the different regression models. We present results of both sexes combined, with the adjustment for gender, given that there was no evidence of interaction by sex. In all models, the risk for pancreatic cancer for individuals with ≥2 drinks of soft drink/wk was statistically significantly ∼85% higher than nondrinkers. Adjustment for multiple confounders including BMI, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and consumption of juice did not materially change the results (HR, 1.87; 95% CI, 1.10-3.15).
HR (95% CI) for pancreatic cancer according to category of consumption of soft drinks and juices
We also examined the association between juice intake and the risk of developing pancreatic cancer. Compared with nondrinkers, individuals who consumed ≥2 drinks of juice/wk had ∼30% increased risk of pancreatic cancer (Table 2). However, in all models with various adjustment variables, including consumption of soft drink, the elevated HRs were not statistically significant.
To avoid potential effect of subclinical symptoms of pancreatic cancer on subjects' consumption patterns of soft drink and juice, we re-examined the soft drink/juice-pancreatic cancer risk association after excluding incident pancreatic cancer cases and person-year observations within the first year (n = 20), the first 3 years (n = 30), and the first 5 years (n = 49) of follow-up post-enrollment. The associations between consumption of soft drink or juice and risk of pancreatic cancer risk in the subset were comparable with those based on the entire cohort follow-up. After excluding incident pancreatic cancer cases and person-years of the first 5 years of follow-up post-enrollment, the inverse association between consumption of soft drink or juice and risk of pancreatic cancer remained statistically significant (Ptrend = 0.03; Table 2). We also conducted subcohort analyses after excluding subjects who reported a history of type 2 diabetes mellitus at enrollment (n = 5,380) to avoid the potential confounding effect of diabetes, which could result in reduced consumption of sugar-containing soft drink and juice, on the association between intake of soft drink or juice and pancreatic cancer risk. The relation between soft drink or juice and pancreatic cancer risk remained unchanged (Table 2).
Further analyses on exclusive consumers of soft drink after excluding subjects consuming ≥1 drink of juice/mo (n = 19,603) were carried out as well. Compared with nondrinkers of soft drinks, individuals who consumed ≥2 drinks/wk experienced two times the risk of pancreatic cancer (HR, 2.12; 95% CI, 1.07-4.19). Conversely, after excluding 14,678 subjects who consumed at least 1 soft drink/mo, the association between juice intake and pancreatic cancer risk remained statistically nonsignificant (HR, 1.60; 95% CI, 0.86-2.99). Because cigarette smoking was associated with soft drink intake and causally related to pancreatic cancer, we conducted subcohort analyses after excluding current, and then ever, smokers. The relative risks were not materially changed. We also examined but did not observe any interaction effect for either soft drink or juice intake with age, BMI, cigarette smoking, or history of diabetes mellitus on risk of pancreatic cancer (data not shown).
In this large prospective cohort of Chinese men and women in Singapore, those who reported regular soft drink consumption were at increased risk of pancreatic cancer when compared with those who largely abstained. There was no association between consumption of juice and risk of pancreatic cancer.
To date, four prospective studies have investigated soft drink consumption and pancreatic cancer (26-29), one of which included fruit juice (ref. 28; Table 3). Our findings are largely consistent with three of the four studies. In a prospective analysis of U.S. nurses and other health professionals, women (205 cases/20 years follow-up) who consumed >3 sugar-sweetened drinks/wk had a 57% greater risk of pancreatic cancer than did women who consumed ≤1 sugar-sweetened soft drinks/mo; however, there was no association in men (174 cases/20 years follow-up; ref. 24). A prospective analysis of Swedish adults (131 cases/7.2 years follow-up) reported that those who consumed ≥2 soft drinks/d had a 93% significantly greater risk of pancreatic cancer than did those who consumed no soft drinks (25). A large prospective study (434 cases/8 years follow-up) of the Multiethnic Cohort reported a positive but statistically nonsignificant association between the two highest categories of soda intake and pancreatic cancer risk (26). This same cohort also reported a null effect of juice intake on pancreatic cancer risk, again consistent with our findings. In contrast to these studies, a prospective study, including 1,258 pancreatic cancer cases (7.2 years follow-up), reported no association between soft drink intake and pancreatic cancer (27).
Prospective studies of sugar-sweetened beverages and pancreatic cancer
Our results are also in agreement with most case-control studies (5); however, a recent case-control study found no association between soft drink consumption and pancreatic cancer (31).
Soft drink consumption coincides with many other unhealthy lifestyle characteristics, making it difficult to separate smoking, caloric intake, body weight, and type 2 diabetes mellitus from soft drink consumption. In agreement with a previous Asian cohort study (4), current smokers in our study had an increased risk for pancreatic cancer. Unlike our study, the other study observed a significant association between pack-years and pancreatic cancer risk. Also consistent with their study, overweight and obesity (BMI ≥25 versus 18 to <25) in our study were not significantly associated with pancreatic cancer risk. However, in their study, waist circumference was associated with a significantly greater risk of pancreatic cancer; suggesting that central obesity is an independent risk factor for the disease. Our study did not ascertain waist circumference. Contrary to our findings, the other Asian study found that individuals with diabetes mellitus had a 75% significantly greater risk of pancreatic cancer compared with individuals without diabetes mellitus. Finally, in our analyses, the influence of soft drink intake on the risk of pancreatic cancer remained virtually unchanged after adjustment for smoking status, energy intake, BMI, and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
The hypothesized mechanism linking type 2 diabetes mellitus or abnormal glucose metabolism to pancreatic cancer involves insulin. Chronically elevated glucose concentrations are directly associated with a reduction in insulin sensitivity (10). Hyperinsulinemia, a result of insulin insensitivity, has been shown to increase local circulation and cell division within the pancreas (32, 33). Because their blood supply first passes through the insulin-producing islets of Langerhans, pancreatic exocrine cells are estimated to be exposed to insulin concentrations that are 20-fold higher than the systemic circulation, which some have hypothesized may have implications for pancreatic cancer promotion (34).
High insulin concentrations may increase free insulin-like growth factor (IGF) levels by reducing levels of IGF-binding proteins (35). Exposure to IGF has been shown to cause proliferation in pancreatic cancer cell lines (36). Elevated insulin concentrations have also been shown to activate IGF receptors, which may lead to cancer cell proliferation (37). Overexpression of IGF-I, IGF-I receptor, and IGF-II receptor has been found in human pancreatic cancer cells in comparison with normal pancreatic cancer cells, further suggesting that the signaling pathways of IGF and IGF receptors may be involved in pancreatic carcinogenesis (36, 38). A recent nested case-control study, within four large prospective studies, observed no evidence that the risk of pancreatic cancer was influenced by prediagnostic plasma levels of IGF-I, IGF-II, or IGF-binding protein-3 (39). However, in the same cohort, the researchers observed a significant inverse association between IGF-binding protein-1 and the risk of pancreatic cancer (40).
Elevated post-load and fasting plasma glucose (10-12), nonfasting plasma C-peptide (13), and fasting serum insulin (14) have been associated with an increased risk of pancreatic cancer in prospective studies, suggesting that dietary items that lead to hyperglycemia can similarly influence pancreatic carcinogenesis. In a recent large epidemiologic study, researchers observed a statistically significant positive trend between C-peptide levels and pancreatic cancer risk among those participants who provided nonfasting blood specimens (13). No association was observed between fasting plasma insulin levels and pancreatic cancer risk. This suggests that postprandial insulin may be a better measure for the association with cancer risk than fasting insulin levels and is consistent with the independent role of soft drink consumption in the development of pancreatic cancer observed in our study.
The mechanism presented here supports the notion that sugar-sweetened beverages with a high glycemic load may increase risk for pancreatic cancer. Most studies have shown no association between glycemic load and pancreatic cancer, except in subgroup analyses (41-46). The contradictory findings from these studies may be due to the measurement errors inherent in food frequency questionnaire for the calculation of a summary score for the overall exposure to glycemic load (47). Given that glycemic loads for food items in our study questionnaire were unavailable, we were unable to examine the total glycemic load in relation to risk of pancreatic cancer risk in this study population.
The lack of association between juice intake and pancreatic cancer risk may result from difference in the composition of juices and soft drinks. This notion is supported by our findings that showed an elevated risk of pancreatic cancer among soft drink consumers after excluding juice consumers. Finally, another explanation is that juice consumption is related with healthier lifestyle and dietary patterns than soft drink consumption, as seen in Table 1.
Our study has several strengths. To our knowledge, this is the first prospective cohort of an Asian population to examine the association between sugar-sweetened beverages and pancreatic cancer. The prospective design of our study precluded recall bias and the need for next-of-kin respondents. Also in this study, differential follow-up is unlikely because identification of deaths and cases is highly accurate in this cohort. Other strengths include the high response rate, a detailed face-to-face interview at baseline, and a virtually complete ascertainment of cancer cases and deaths (3).
There are limitations to consider as well. Pancreatic cancer is rare; therefore, the number of cases in this study is relatively small. The combination of lower relative soft drink consumption compared with other populations and the lower case rates limits the ability to examine a wider distribution of drink consumption. Due to the rarity of pancreatic cancer, we had a slim distribution of cases, limiting the power and giving potential to a chance association. Also, because we were unable to collect repeated dietary measurements in this study, we were unable to account for changes in consumption of soft drinks and juices, especially when the diagnosis of diabetes occurred after the baseline interview. Finally, we could not rule out the possibility of residual confounding by factors associated with the habit of drinking soft drinks or other unascertained factors such as waist circumference.
In conclusion, the present study adds to the evidence that soft drink consumption may play a role in the development of pancreatic cancer. Our findings underscore the need for further large prospective epidemiologic studies in Asian populations. As well, clinical studies examining biomarkers for glycemia and insulinemia and taking a mechanistic approach to the question of soft drink consumption and pancreatic cancer are warranted as there is still much to understand on the link between sugar-sweetened beverages and pancreatic cancer.
Disclosure of Potential Conflicts of Interest
No potential conflicts of interest were disclosed.
We thank Siew-Hong Low (National University of Singapore) for supervising the field work of the Singapore Chinese Health Study, Mimi Yu and Renwei Wang (University of Minnesota) for the development and management of the cohort study database, and the Ministry of Health in Singapore for assistance with the identification of cancer cases via database linkages.
Grant Support: National Cancer Institute grants R01 CA55069, R35 CA53890, and R01 CA80205.
Received August 25, 2009.
Revision received November 6, 2009.
Accepted December 3, 2009.
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EAGER Textile tool has been developed by Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. EAGER Textile tool allows you to evaluate the impact of selected energy efficiency measures for the textile industry by choosing the measures that you would likely introduce in your facility, or would like to evaluate for potential use. You select the degree or share of implementation for each of the measures, and the EAGER Textile tool will calculate the typical energy savings (electricity, fuel, final, and primary energy), CO2 emission reduction, cost, and simple payback period. The energy saving and cost data for each energy efficiency measures are typical meaning that they are based on some case-studies conducted in textile plants around the world. EAGER Textile tool is designed for the textile production facilities that have one or more of the following processes: spinning, weaving/knitting, dyeing, printing, finishing, and man-made fiber production.
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Us Weekly may have paid $100K for Bristol Palin engagement exclusive
Levi Johnston and Bristol Palin AFP/Getty Images
Money certainly talks. Our sources estimate Us Weekly paid $100,000 to Bristol Palin and Levi Johnston for the story on their engagement. The cash not only bought an exclusive interview with the couple, but also screwed competitor People. The single mom gave interviews to both magazines, but didn't tell People about the engagement or that they'd hidden their reconciliation from Sarah Palin.
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This June, Shanti Bhavan celebrated its ninth graduating class. The class of 2018 is now college bound! The graduates departed campus after a weekend of performances and festivities honoring their achievements. They are now entering universities in fields of study including business, medicine, engineering, and computer applications.
The graduation ceremony also celebrated the Shanti Bhavan class who completed undergraduate programs this year, and the Shanti Bhavan alumni who completed graduate programs. Our college graduates are joining companies like Adobe, ExxonMobil, Lufthansa, and PayPal. The Masters students received degrees in Applied Genetics, Business Administration, International Studies, Psychology, and Public Policy.
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Common health advice and "facts" that aren't really true.
There's been an uprising in certain corners of the internet against flouride in public tap water. Somehow it's gotten a bad rap as being unhealthy, or some kind of tool of government mind control. Flouride helps strengthen your teeth, and has a track record of reducing cavities for decades. It's a big reason why our generation has fewer cavities than our grandparents. In fact, it's such a good thing that the Center for Disease Control has called it, "one of the top 10 achievements of the 20th Century." Wow, doesn't sound bad to me!
Oh, boy. This online myth has probably done more harm than any other when it comes to children's health. Basically, in 1997 a British surgeon published a report claiming that vaccines increase risk of autism in children. Turns out, a lawyer looking to prove a link paid the surgeon about a half million dollars to write the report. While the report was soon discredited, the claim spread like wildfire, and thousands of parents still believe this myth. As a result, a number of conditions like measles, mumps, and rubella that should have been eradicated, have made a resurgence in the 21st Century.
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A number of scientists have been concerned with the idea that antiperspirants and deodorants can be absorbed through your underarm. The fear is that this may be unhealthy and increase your risk of breast cancer. However, the National Cancer Institute claims that there is no evidence that antiperspirant or deodorant increases risk of breast cancer.
A lot of people believe that eating a big breakfast will help you be less hungry throughout the day, and eat less. There's no evidence to support this myth, and in fact, research shows that people who skip breakfast actually consumed about 400 fewer calories per day. Popular diets like Weight Watchers have recently retooled their point system to discourage empty carbs (waffles, pancakes, toast, hash browns) in favor of fruit, which now cost zero points." So, if you're on a diet or looking to lose weight, consider a smaller, healthier meal at breakfast.
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Sneezing in October? Here are some easy natural ways to fight allergies the natural way with no pills or medicines!
Spring is typically considered the season for allergies. However, fall, due to the high amount of vegetation and increase in humidity from rain, brings with it its own set of allergens, such as pollen, ragweed, dust mites, and outdoor mold spores. If you find yourself constantly sneezing, coughing and having a stuffy nose this time of year, try some natural remedies instead of heading to the pharmacy to pick up antihistamines.
Ever sleep with the window open and wake up with a sore throat? It might sound obvious, but avoiding exposure to triggers is the best way to avoid allergic reactions. Keep your windows closed to stop pollen and mold spores from coming inside.
Wash your clothes, shower and wash your hair if you've spent a lot of time outdoors where you could have picked up pollen. Finally, air purifiers and vacuum cleaners with HEPA filters will remove any allergens such as pollen, mold, and dust that have made it into your house.
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Allergies are inflammatory reactions to which certain people are more predisposed to than others. Eating a diet rich in foods that are anti-inflammatory can counteract this tendency. Omega 3 fatty acids, found in fish, nuts, and flax, have been shown to reduce the frequency of asthma attacks in people with allergies. Other anti-inflammatory foods include green tea, curcumin, dark chocolate, and most fruit and vegetables.
Allergies can be a strong sign that your immune system is out of balance. A good way to fix that is to eat fermented foods rich in probiotics such as yogurt, kimchi, sauerkraut, and kombucha.
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If you like to spend a lot of time outdoors in the fall biking, walking, or apple-picking, allergies to pollen and mold spores can ruin your fun. Minimizing exposure to these allergens when indoors can help. Also, simple life changes such as exercising more, eating a diet that is high in anti-inflammatory omega 3 fatty acids, and consuming probiotics, can reduce your chances of having allergic reactions.


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Mr. Oliver Ebstein, CEO of Chronoswiss, recently arrived at Shami with a wonderful visit! Discussing the fine art of watchmaking and admiring beautiful timepieces, our entire staff had the pleasure of getting to know Mr. Ebstein.


With bids from two different companies, each may be recommending a different number of panels. Who's right? Use this information to evaluate information you're given regarding how many panels your solar system should include.
If you're shopping for solar and you have proposals from two different solar companies it's quite possible that they could differ in regards to the number of solar panels they recommend. For an example, let's say one is for 31 panels and one is for 25. Yet they both claim they have the right amount for my electricity. How can that be?
It's likely that you have quotes with two different types of solar panels. One is from a company with conventional panels that's are perhaps 290 Watts each and one from a company with a higher efficiency panel like SunPower. It's probably 360 Watts. If you multiply the number of panels by the Watts each one produces, you'll get the total number each solar array will produce. In this case, the system with lower wattage and 31 panels will give you about 8,990 Watts (31 x 290) and the SunPower system will be 9,000 Watts (25 x 360).
How do you choose? We believe a smaller solar array is always more attractive; it goes in faster and there are fewer penetrations in your roof if that's how it's anchored. Why would you want more panels on your roof when you can produce the same amount of power with fewer panels?
Fewer panels also means that each panel can be placed in the most effective location on your roof. If you need a lot of panels, some of them may end up in locations that aren't optimized for solar and could mean you need more of them just to make up for that.
In addition, after that calculation, ask about degradation. That's how fast each panel will lose efficiency. Chances are the lower wattage panels will lose efficiency faster, which means your solar array won't produce as much power over its lifetime. SunPower panels are guaranteed to still produce 92% of their power at the end of 25 years – a pretty amazing number, which is due to the ultra slow rate at which they lose efficiency.
And if you're comparing other items, also ask about the warranty to ensure it's a comprehensive 25-year agreement that covers labor and parts.


The University Archives, located in Room 1700, contains those publications and records that have historical or research value pertaining to Eastern Illinois University. Archival materials include such items as administrative records, faculty publications, photographs, and EIU memorabilia.
Research assistance and inventory lists are available at the Archives. Please call before visiting the Archives to ensure availability of research assistance.
Hours: Monday 1-4 p.m.; Tuesday-Friday 8 a.m.-4 p.m.


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Documentary 'The (Dead Mothers) Club' Debuts May 12 on HBO
TV By The Numbers April 22, 2014
THE (DEAD MOTHERS) CLUB, THE MOVING STORY OF
DAUGHTERS COPING WITH THE EARLY LOSS OF A PARENT,
DEBUTS MAY 12, EXCLUSIVELY ON HBO
One in nine Americans will lose a parent before age 20. Children, particularly daughters, who lose a mother at an early age can be profoundly affected in countless ways. As comedian Rosie O'Donnell, whose mother died of breast cancer when she was a child, puts it, "The dead mother thing…it's like a club. You're initiated. You get a tattoo. It is not going away."
THE (DEAD MOTHERS) CLUB tells the story of three women whose paths never cross, yet are bound by the shared experience of losing their mothers during adolescence, exploring each one's sometimes-complex relationship with her mother. Directed by first-time filmmakers Carlye Rubin and Katie Green, who are themselves members of "the club," it also includes insights from O'Donnell (one of the executive producers), Molly Shannon and Jane Fonda, who share their own experiences with losing a mother. The moving documentary debuts MONDAY, MAY 12 (9:00-10:15 p.m. ET/PT), the day after Mother's Day, exclusively on HBO.
Other HBO playdates: May 12 (4:35 a.m.), 15 (9:00 a.m.), 18 (3:00 p.m.), 21 (5:00 p.m.), 23 (3:15 p.m.), 28 (10:15 a.m., 4:40 a.m.) and 31 (12:45 p.m.)
HBO2 playdates: May 14 (8:00 p.m.) and 16 (6:45 a.m.), and June 1 (6:00 a.m.) and 23 (5:05 a.m.)
At a baby shower in New York City, Leticia, a 29-year-old with Brazilian roots, celebrates the impending birth of her first child with friends and family. "Everyone has to guess which features the mommy-to-be would like the baby to inherit from each parent," a friend announces to the guests, who jot down their answers amid laughter. Although the game is light-hearted fun, genetic concerns have been weighing heavily on Leticia: Her mother, grandmother and great-grandmother all died from breast cancer as the result of a hereditary gene mutation.
Leticia is realistic about the risks, saying, "If I have the BRCA gene, I have a 75% chance to develop breast cancer. The odds are just enormous." She is grateful for the support of her husband, Andrew, and, after the birth of their daughter, chooses to get tested for the gene. Despite her uncertain future and what it could mean for her child, Leticia does her best to live in the present and decides to move back to Brazil with her family. "You can't live in fear," she says, "That's the big lesson my mother taught us."
"Art is a curse and a blessing," says Ginger, a talented southern artist who struggled to make her mother understand her artistic ambitions as a child. She enjoyed the freedom college offered, and argued with her mother on a visit home. After their tumultuous relationship ended dramatically, Ginger was haunted by the heated argument that turned out to be their last exchange, just days before her mother's sudden death. Losing her mother so abruptly prompted an immediate upheaval in her personal life and a shift in her artwork.
"I started to translate how I was feeling through my art," says Ginger, who had never felt such an emotional connection to her work before. Years later, she is happily married, with a baby on the way, and her artwork has been selected for a museum exhibit. Ginger is finally able to find peace in her new life. "It's no longer this long drawn-out train full of emotions. It's just a feeling of closure," she says.
Since her mother's death from cancer five years ago, 17-year-old Jordyn has taken on the maternal role in her younger sister Brooke's life, while focusing her energy on getting good grades. "School has always been the one place I can control," she explains. Thanks to her hard work, Jordyn can choose from a number of impressive universities, including her mother's alma mater, UCLA, just 45 minutes from home.
"I think my mom would've encouraged me to go to UCLA," Jordyn admits, even as the opportunity to make a fresh start at a school in a new state becomes increasingly appealing. Wishing to be close to her sister, yet wanting to pursue her own goals, she knows now how much of an impact her mother's absence has had on all their lives. "We never realized that the whole thing could be even more life-changing than it was at the time," she reflects. "It's just so much of our life that she missed out on."
In separate interviews, Rosie O'Donnell, Molly Shannon and Jane Fonda – who all lost their mothers before age 12 – recall heartbreaking and touching experiences, reflecting on their struggles and the impact losing their mothers had on them.
"From my point of view at this stage of my life…. I think everything happened just the way it was supposed to," says Fonda, who carried guilt over her mother's suicide for many decades. Shannon acknowledges that the accident that took the lives of her mother, sister and cousin made her tough, fearless and driven, believing the "crazy freedom" she felt onstage was borne from surviving the tragedy.
O'Donnell's greatest challenge has been coming to terms with the differences between herself and her mother, who died of breast cancer. "The day my son was placed in my arms, everything changed in terms of my relationship with my mother," she notes. "I realized how much I loved this child, and my mother loved five children that much, and she knew she was leaving us. I remember at that moment, life seeped back in, color seeped back in, you know, all of a sudden there was hope again."
THE (DEAD MOTHERS) CLUB is directed by Carlye Rubin and Katie Green; edited by Tina Grapenthin; original music, Mike Thies; produced by Carlye Rubin, Katie Green and Tina Grapenthin; senior producer, Lisa Heller; executive producers, Sheila Nevins, Rosie O'Donnell, Regina Kulik Scully and David Rubin.
Category: Press ReleasesTagged: The (Dead Mothers) Club Ratings
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Editorial: Big talk, little action on Iowa outdoors
It is time for state leaders to keep their promises on the environment.
Editorial: Big talk, little action on Iowa outdoors It is time for state leaders to keep their promises on the environment. Check out this story on desmoinesregister.com: http://dmreg.co/1OvMrhJ
The Register's editorial Published 9:25 p.m. CT Dec. 31, 2015
Lisa Green-Douglass displays some gray-headed coneflower seeds at F.W. Kent Park's annual prairie seed harvest on Sunday.(Photo: Stephen Gruber-Miller / Iowa City Press-Citizen)
Both Democrat and Republican lawmakers say they want to do right by Mother Nature. Unfortunately, they don't keep their promises to her.
The most recent example is the Iowa Legislature's failure to fund the Natural Resources and Outdoor Recreation Trust Fund. In two legislative sessions, lawmakers supported allowing Iowans to vote on amending the state Constitution to create the fund. Five years after voters overwhelmingly approved it, lawmakers refuse to raise the sales tax a fraction of a penny to fund it. Do elected officials think Iowans wanted to create a trust with a zero balance? Do they think we enjoy increasingly filthy and contaminated waterways?
Unfortunately, such lack of follow-through from leaders who seem to care about the outdoors is not an anomaly. It is a pattern.
Neil Hamilton, a Drake University agricultural law professor, compiled a list of environmental goals codified in Iowa Code that have not been achieved. "We keep making these promises to ourselves about natural resources, then we don't put up the money," he said.
The editorial board checked with two state agencies to see what, if any, progress has been made on a few of them. Talk about frustrating.
It has been almost 30 years since lawmakers crafted legislation recognizing "open space lands are essential to the well-being and quality of life for Iowans and to the economic viability of this state's recreation and tourism industry." Chapter 465 of the Iowa Code recognizes that this state ranked ranked last in the Midwest for land acquired and protected for public use. It specifies what Iowa should do about it: Get 10 percent of it "under some form of public open space protection by the year 2000."
How is that goal coming along? Not so well. About 3 percent of land in the state is public, if what's owned by the federal government and cities is included.
Lawmakers also required soil conservation plans and folders for every farm in the state — no later than Jan. 1, 1985. As with many legislative goals related to conservation, this was contingent on available funding.
"We have never received specific funding to develop conservation plans for all farms," said Dustin Vande Hoef, communications director for the Iowa Department of Agriculture and Land Stewardship. He noted there are other programs in place, including those operated by the federal government, that help ensure farmers have plans to protect the environment.
Then there are buffer strips. These bits of land with vegetation create a barrier to slow water runoff, prevent soil erosion, and absorb dangerous pesticides from farms. They can also provide a source of food, nesting cover and shelter for wildlife. Sounds like a pretty good idea for Iowa, huh? Well, our lawmakers thought so, too. That's why they set a goal of enrolling an "additional" 407,500 acres of buffer to "meet the objective of water quality improvement."
So has Iowa added these acres? Vande Hoef said the agency did not receive funding for the goal and does not have a way to track the number of acres farmers may have added "so it's hard to give a definitive answer."
(Photo: Zach Boyden-Holmes/The Register)
In 2008, lawmakers ordered the Iowa Department of Natural Resources to create a regional watershed assessment program. It was to provide summaries of the overall condition of watersheds and potentially identify sources of point and nonpoint pollution. One-fifth of watersheds in the state were to be assessed each year for five years. The DNR told an editorial writer to check with the ag department for an update on program, but IDALS referred us back to the DNR. It seems neither agency knows what, if anything has been done.
The well-known Resource Enhancement and Protection (REAP) program provides grants for everything from city parks to county conservation programs. Supported by nearly every Iowa lawmaker and signed into law by Gov. Terry Branstad in 1989, the law authorized a maximum appropriation of $30 million per year for 10 years. The DNR characterizes REAP as "one of nation's most responsive and progressive environmental programs in recent times."
Yet in all these years, it has never been fully funded.
As the 2016 legislative session approaches, here's an idea for lawmakers and the governor who signed into law some of the goals outlined above: Enforce and fund what is already on the books. Then muster the backbone to raise the sales tax a fraction of a penny. Finally keep the promises you made to Iowans and Mother Nature.
A pod of pelicans swim in a line at Easter Lake Park on Wednesday, Nov. 25, 2015, in Des Moines. (Photo: Bryon Houlgrave/The Register)
Read or Share this story: http://dmreg.co/1OvMrhJ


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Trustees: Risk Mitigation and Best Practices (Part 1)
08 Jul 2020 Susan Hartley-Moss
Key Takeaways & Insights
DOWNLOAD PART 1
Trustees are held to the highest fiduciary standards under the law. Whether you are acting as an individual trustee or a trustee under a Private Trust Company, it's vital that you understand the risks and your responsibilities.
Managing liability isn't easy, but it is achievable if you follow certain policies, and approach the management of the trust and the execution of its activities in a professional and responsible manner.
In part one, of a four-part series, here are several areas where you can take action to minimize your liability.
Obtain Insurance (Errors & Omissions and Directors & Officers)
Trustees acting in an individual capacity can be held personally liable for failure to adequately serve the needs of the trust and its beneficiaries. Pursuing a fiduciary role through a Private Trust Company (PTC) insulates individuals from their personal risk to some extent but transfers those risks to the PTC. As such, all trustees should endeavor to obtain insurance for their errors and omissions. If there is a corporate entity, directors and officers insurance should be obtained as well.
Prepare a Trust Administrative Memorandum
Understanding the trust documents and ensuring that the trustee has the ability to administer the assets directly or through the use of outside vendors is an important part of risk mitigation.
As a best practice, it is worth having a trust administrative memo (TAC memo) prepared by either the trustee, trust counsel, or the operating team of a PTC to ensure that the trustees understand the nature of trust assets, the issues in the trust, and the administrative activities necessary under both state and federal law and within the trust document. The
TAC memo consists of three parts: a table summarizing salient information, a descriptive section summarizing the trust provisions as well as setting out observations by the administrative team, and a table listing outstanding routine tasks that need to be addressed as part of the trust "on-boarding" process.
The memorandum should also address any gaps such as the lack of strong retention language in the trust document or lack of authorization to delegate investment authority, or limitation on investments – often found in older documents. If the role of trustee reaches unacceptable levels of risk in the management, sufficient to warrant a refusal of the appointment as trustee, you should raise this with the grantor and understand what issues are involved in refusing to act (often there is no clear succession).
In the case of a PTC, the committee needs to be able to review the TAC memorandum and ask questions, relying on the administrative team to prepare these memoranda and raise issues of interest or concern to the committee.
Hold Quarterly Communications with Beneficiaries
As a best practice, we recommend that trustees have regular and frequent communication with the trust beneficiaries. In the case of a PTC, quarterly meetings or communications with beneficiaries and an annual in-person review are integral to the function of the enterprise. The quarterly review process ensures constant communication between the trustees and the beneficiaries and enables the trustees (or PTC) to minimize confusion or missed expectations with respect to trust management, diversification of investments and operation.
Quarterly beneficiary communications might consist of a trust administration and investment letter, and/or a PowerPoint summary. Additionally, a call may be conducted by the trustee, the administrative team of the PTC, or appropriate subcommittee. Annual reviews are typically more in-depth, should be in person, and should include a broader group (attorney, CPA, investment committee of PTC) and include outside investment managers.
Trustee Best Practices
Do understand the implications of the Prudent Investor Act and the Principal and Income Act on trust management.
Do understand your rights and responsibilities as a trustee.
Do create a philosophy for the PTC to follow in the creation and operation of the enterprise.
Don't let family ties, views, or prejudices obscure your legal obligations as a trustee.
Do focus on collaboration and consensus. Ensuring that all parties act in sync and that beneficiaries receive sufficient financial planning and education about the importance of the trusts for their long-term financial well-being.
Do have clear, repeatable metrics for making investment decisions, implementing trust structure and distribution decisions.
Do understand trust documents and distribution provisions.
Do recognize and use the flexibility offered to trustees under the Principal and Income Act to ensure that the best result for the beneficiary is obtained while balancing the fiduciary obligations of the trust.
Whether you have chosen to appoint an individual trustee or create a family Private Trust Company, selecting a dependable trustee to oversee your family's estate plan is one of the most important decisions for ensuring your wealth is managed and distributed according to your wishes. And, although creating an estate plan can be complex, it helps ensure your family will be provided for after your death and is a core element of any long-term wealth management strategy.
You'll want to make sure your trustees have a full understanding of the issues, responsibilities, and time involved in the process and have the resources and objectivity required to be effective. All aspects of estate planning involve significant legal considerations and many tradeoffs in terms of control or tax savings. It is imperative to work with a qualified estate planning attorney and advisor to obtain expert advice in crafting your long-term strategy and designing trusts or other entities that will shape your overall family legacy.
At Cerity Partners, our dedicated Family Office team has helped many families with their trustee and fiduciary needs. For more information on our Fiduciary and Trustee service, please contact your Cerity Partners advisor.
Susan Hartley-Moss
Susan is a Partner in the New York City office with more than thirty years of experience serving as a senior director in trust, wealth management and family office advisory firms, and as a personal fiduciary advisor to individuals and families. She helps large families and family offices evaluate and establish Private Trust Companies (PTCs) and develops family office governance and operating structures, including fiduciary policies and procedures.
Prior to joining Cerity Partners, Susan was the Director of Fiduciary and Senior Wealth Advisor at EMM Wealth, a fifty-year-old multi-family office serving high-net-worth individuals and families throughout the country.
Susan holds a Bachelor of Arts degree in Finance and Accounting from Barry University in Miami, Florida, and completed a three-year program at the ABA National Graduate Trust School at Northwestern University in Evanston, Illinois. She holds the Certified Trust Financial Advisor designation.
Susan serves on the faculty of the Trust School for the New York Bankers Association and is also a member of the teaching faculty for both the ABA National and Graduate Trust School at Emory University and NYCFEC. Susan is a member of the New York Estate Planning Council and New York Society of CPAs. She has also served as President of the Board of Trustees for the May Mitchell Royal Foundation, where she directed foundation operation and succession.
Susan is a frequent author and lecturer on complex fiduciary matters and has been published in publications including Trusts & Estates magazine. Many of her articles, such as Understanding the Risks and Responsibilities of Serving as Trustee, Converting a Family Office to a Private Trust Company, and Avoiding Family Feuds, are frequently referenced by other professionals.
Connect with Susan
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Trustees: Policies and Procedures to Mitigate Risk (Part 4 of 4)
In the final part of her four-part series, Partner Susan Hartley-Moss discusses the importance of establishing formal policies and procedures.
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EL CHAPO (EXOTIC) by SMASHED PRE-PACKED 3.5 G FOR $60
Irony is never lost within the cannabis community, and the indica-dominant strain dubbed El Chapo is just one such example. Rather than being short as the name would suggest, plants can get rather tall with heavy yields, making this bud a favorite in the growing community. Created by Sour Genetics in London, El Chapo is a cross between Sour Diesel IBL and Headbanger BX. Perfect after a long day, many report that her high is heavier than you'd expect.
Unfortunately, specific THC data isn't widely disseminated for El Chapo, however, it's assumed that she's on the stronger side of the potency spectrum. Her nugs tend to be rather elongated and light green in color, speckled with orange hairs and absolutely covered with a heavy blanket of white trichomes. Blending the flavors and aromas of both parents, El Chapo takes on a mixture of fuel and fruit. She's described as being sour and acidic with a touch of sweetness that helps to balance things out.
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These are the things I've written that are tagged "john gruber"
Amy and John Gruber. Say goodnight, Gracie.
John Gruber has a decent solution for blocking the DiggBar on his site, Daring Fireball, if you'd like to completely block all Digg traffic. I'm going to whip up a WordPress Plugin for this today.


Verdi: Messa Da Requiem Video now in iTunes! | Delos Music | Outstanding Classical Recordings for over 40 Years!
Our new release, Giuseppe Verdi: Messa da Requiem – In Memory of Dmitri Hvorostovsky is now available for HD Download as a complete concert film in iTunes!
Originally released in October 2018 on DVD, Blu-Ray, and Digital Download, and also now available on CD!