text:
Milla Cav. – rodzaj roślin z rodziny szparagowatych, obejmujący 11 gatunków, występujących w Gwatemali i Hondurasie w Ameryce Środkowej, na terenie Meksyku oraz w Arizonie i Nowym Meksyku w Stanach Zjednoczonych w Ameryce Północnej.

Nazwa naukowa rodzaju została nadana na cześć Don Juliana Milla, superintendenta Królewskiego Ogrodu Botanicznego w Madrycie.

Morfologia

 Pokrój Wieloletnie rośliny zielne.

 Pęd Podziemna bulwocebula, pokryta błoniastą okrywą.

 Liście Od dwóch do siedmiu liści odziomkowych, równowąskich, kanalikowatych do obłych, niekiedy o chropowatym użyłkowaniu, szczególnie u nasady, pustych w środku.

 Kwiaty Zebrane od 1 do 30 w baldachowaty kwiatostan, który wyrasta na trwałym, obłym, niekiedy szorstkim, szczególnie u nasady, głąbiku. Niekiedy rośliny tworzą dwa kwiatostany. Kwiatostan wsparty jest czterema wąskotrójkątnymi podsadkami. Okwiat talerzykowaty, sześciolistkowy, biały, różowy lub niebieski. Listki okwiatu u nasady złączone w długą, smukłą rurkę, przypominającą szypułkę (kwiaty są siedzące). Powyżej wolne, odosiowo z zielonymi, różowymi lub niebieskimi pasami. Sześć pręcików osadzonych w rurce okwiatu. Nitki pręcików wolne, nitkowate. Pylniki umocowane u nasady. Zalążnia górna, trójkomorowa, osadzona na długiej szypułce, przylegającej do rurki okwiatu trzema kątami. Szyjka słupka zwykle wyrastająca powyżej rurki, zakończona słabo trójklapowanym znamieniem.

 Owoce Pękające torebki, z obecną haczykowatą pozostałością nasady słupka,  zawierające liczne czarne, spłaszczone nasiona o drobno siatkowatej łupinie.

Systematyka
 Pozycja systematyczna Rodzaj z podrodziny Brodiaeoideae z rodziny szparagowatych Asparagaceae.

 Ujęcie historyczne W systemie Takhtajana z 1997 r. zaliczany do plemienia Milleae w podrodzinie czosnkowych w rodzinie czosnkowatych (Alliaceeae). W systemie Kubitzkiego zaliczony do rodziny Themidaceae.

 Wykaz gatunków
 Milla biflora Cav.
 Milla bryanii I.M.Johnst.
 Milla delicata H.E.Moore
 Milla filifolia T.M.Howard
 Milla magnifica H.E.Moore
 Milla mexicana T.M.Howard
 Milla mortoniana H.E.Moore
 Milla oaxacana Ravenna
 Milla potosina T.M.Howard
 Milla rosea H.E.Moore
 Milla valliflora J.E.Gut. & E.Solano

Przypisy

Szparagowate


Thanks for your interest. Whether your interest is to join our board, to start a campaign, to become a volunteer, or to donate in someone's honor, we are willing to discuss your questions and concerns. Contacting us is your first step.


text:
/**
 * @class Class defining an RDFParser resource object tied to an RDFStore
 *
 * @author David Sheets <dsheets@mit.edu>
 * @version 0.1
 *
 * @constructor
 * @param {RDFStore} store An RDFStore object
 */

 $rdf.RDFParser = function(store){
    var RDFParser = {};

    /** Standard namespaces that we know how to handle @final
     *  @member RDFParser
     */
    RDFParser.ns = {'RDF': "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#", 'RDFS': "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#"};

    /** DOM Level 2 node type magic numbers @final
     *  @member RDFParser
     */
    RDFParser.nodeType = {'ELEMENT': 1, 'ATTRIBUTE': 2, 'TEXT': 3,
			     'CDATA_SECTION': 4, 'ENTITY_REFERENCE': 5,
			     'ENTITY': 6, 'PROCESSING_INSTRUCTION': 7,
			     'COMMENT': 8, 'DOCUMENT': 9, 'DOCUMENT_TYPE': 10,
			     'DOCUMENT_FRAGMENT': 11, 'NOTATION': 12};

    /**
     * Frame class for namespace and base URI lookups
     * Base lookups will always resolve because the parser knows
     * the default base.
     *
     * @private
     */

    this.frameFactory = function(parser, parent, element){
        return {'NODE': 1, 'ARC': 2, 'parent': parent, 'parser': parser, 'store': parser.store, 'element': element,
           'lastChild': 0, 'base': null, 'lang': null, 'node': null, 'nodeType': null, 'listIndex': 1, 'rdfid': null, 'datatype': null, 'collection': false, /** Terminate the frame and notify the store that we're done */
           'terminateFrame': function(){
            if (this.collection){

                this.node.close();
            }
        }
        , /** Add a symbol of a certain type to the this frame */'addSymbol': function(type, uri){
            uri = $rdf.Util.uri.join(uri, this.base);
            this.node = this.store.sym(uri);

            this.nodeType = type;
        }
        , /** Load any constructed triples into the store */'loadTriple': function(){
            if (this.parent.parent.collection){
                this.parent.parent.node.append(this.node);
            }
            else {
                this.store.add(this.parent.parent.node, this.parent.node, this.node, this.parser.why);
            }
            if (this.parent.rdfid != null){
                  // reify
                var triple = this.store.sym($rdf.Util.uri.join("#" + this.parent.rdfid, this.base));
                this.store.add(triple, this.store.sym(RDFParser.ns.RDF + "type"), this.store.sym(RDFParser.ns.RDF + "Statement"), this.parser.why);
                this.store.add(triple, this.store.sym(RDFParser.ns.RDF + "subject"), this.parent.parent.node, this.parser.why);
                this.store.add(triple, this.store.sym(RDFParser.ns.RDF + "predicate"), this.parent.node, this.parser.why);

                this.store.add(triple, this.store.sym(RDFParser.ns.RDF + "object"), this.node, this.parser.why);
            }
        }
        , /** Check if it's OK to load a triple */'isTripleToLoad': function(){

            return (this.parent != null && this.parent.parent != null && this.nodeType === this.NODE && this.parent.nodeType ===
               this.ARC && this.parent.parent.nodeType === this.NODE);
        }
        , /** Add a symbolic node to this frame */'addNode': function(uri){
            this.addSymbol(this.NODE, uri);
            if (this.isTripleToLoad()){

                this.loadTriple();
            }
        }
        , /** Add a collection node to this frame */'addCollection': function(){
            this.nodeType = this.NODE;
            this.node = this.store.collection();
            this.collection = true;
            if (this.isTripleToLoad()){

                this.loadTriple();
            }
        }
        , /** Add a collection arc to this frame */'addCollectionArc': function(){

            this.nodeType = this.ARC;
        }
        , /** Add a bnode to this frame */'addBNode': function(id){
            if (id != null){
                if (this.parser.bnodes[id] != null){
                    this.node = this.parser.bnodes[id];
                }
                else {
                    this.node = this.parser.bnodes[id] = this.store.bnode();
                }
            }
            else {
                this.node = this.store.bnode();
            }
            this.nodeType = this.NODE;
            if (this.isTripleToLoad()){

                this.loadTriple();
            }
        }
        , /** Add an arc or property to this frame */'addArc': function(uri){
            if (uri === RDFParser.ns.RDF + "li"){
                uri = RDFParser.ns.RDF + "_" + this.parent.listIndex;
                this.parent.listIndex++;
            }

            this.addSymbol(this.ARC, uri);
        }
        , /** Add a literal to this frame */'addLiteral': function(value){
            if (this.parent.datatype){
                this.node = this.store.literal(value, "", this.store.sym(this.parent.datatype));
            }
            else {
                this.node = this.store.literal(value, this.lang);
            }
            this.nodeType = this.NODE;
            if (this.isTripleToLoad()){
                this.loadTriple();
            }
        }
        };
    };

    //from the OpenLayers source .. needed to get around IE problems.
    this.getAttributeNodeNS = function(node, uri, name){
        var attributeNode = null;
        if (node.getAttributeNodeNS){
            attributeNode = node.getAttributeNodeNS(uri, name);
        }
        else {
            var attributes = node.attributes;
            var potentialNode, fullName;
            for (var i = 0;i < attributes.length; ++ i){
                potentialNode = attributes[i];
                if (potentialNode.namespaceURI === uri){
                    fullName = (potentialNode.prefix) ? (potentialNode.prefix +":" + name): name;
                    if (fullName === potentialNode.nodeName){
                        attributeNode = potentialNode;
                        break;
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        return attributeNode;
    };

    /** Our triple store reference @private */

    this.store = store;/** Our identified blank nodes @private */
    this.bnodes = {};/** A context for context-aware stores @private */
    this.why = null;/** Reification flag */
    this.reify = false;

    /**
     * Build our initial scope frame and parse the DOM into triples
     * @param {DOMTree} document The DOM to parse
     * @param {String} base The base URL to use
     * @param {Object} why The context to which this resource belongs
     */

    this.parse = function(document, base, why){
        var children = document.childNodes;// clean up for the next run
        this.cleanParser();// figure out the root element
        var root;
        if (document.nodeType === RDFParser.nodeType.DOCUMENT){
            for (var c = 0;c < children.length;c++){
                if (children[c].nodeType === RDFParser.nodeType.ELEMENT){
                    root = children[c];
                    break;
                }
            }
        }
        else if (document.nodeType === RDFParser.nodeType.ELEMENT){
            root = document;
        }
        else {
            throw new Error("RDFParser: can't find root in " + base +". Halting. ");
            // return false;
        }
        this.why = why;// our topmost frame
        var f = this.frameFactory(this);
        this.base = base;
        f.base = base;
        f.lang = null; // was '' but can't have langs like that 2015 (!)
        this.parseDOM(this.buildFrame(f, root));
        return true;
    };

    this.parseDOM = function(frame){
         // a DOM utility function used in parsing
        var rdfid;
        var elementURI = function(el){
            var result = "";
            if (el.namespaceURI == null){
                throw new Error("RDF/XML syntax error: No namespace for " + el.localName + " in " + this.base);
            }
            if (el.namespaceURI){
                result = result + el.namespaceURI;
            }
            if (el.localName){
                result = result + el.localName;
            }
            else if (el.nodeName){
                if (el.nodeName.indexOf(":") >= 0)result = result + el.nodeName.split(":")[1];
                else result = result + el.nodeName;
            }
            return result;
        }.bind(this);
        var dig = true;// if we'll dig down in the tree on the next iter
        while (frame.parent){
            var dom = frame.element;
            var attrs = dom.attributes;
            if (dom.nodeType === RDFParser.nodeType.TEXT || dom.nodeType === RDFParser.nodeType.CDATA_SECTION){
                //we have a literal
                if(frame.parent.nodeType == frame.NODE) {
                    //must have had attributes, store as rdf:value
                    frame.addArc(RDFParser.ns.RDF + 'value');
                    frame = this.buildFrame(frame);
                }
                frame.addLiteral(dom.nodeValue);
            }
            else if (elementURI(dom)!== RDFParser.ns.RDF + "RDF"){
                  // not root
                if (frame.parent && frame.parent.collection){
                     // we're a collection element
                    frame.addCollectionArc();
                    frame = this.buildFrame(frame, frame.element);
                    frame.parent.element = null;
                }
                if ( ! frame.parent || ! frame.parent.nodeType || frame.parent.nodeType === frame.ARC){
                     // we need a node
                    var about = this.getAttributeNodeNS(dom, RDFParser.ns.RDF, "about");
                    rdfid = this.getAttributeNodeNS(dom, RDFParser.ns.RDF, "ID");
                    if (about && rdfid){
                        throw new Error("RDFParser: " + dom.nodeName + " has both rdf:id and rdf:about." +
                           " Halting. Only one of these" + " properties may be specified on a" + " node.");
                    }
                    if (!about && rdfid){
                        frame.addNode("#" + rdfid.nodeValue);
                        dom.removeAttributeNode(rdfid);
                    }
                    else if (about == null && rdfid == null){
                        var bnid = this.getAttributeNodeNS(dom, RDFParser.ns.RDF, "nodeID");
                        if (bnid){
                            frame.addBNode(bnid.nodeValue);
                            dom.removeAttributeNode(bnid);
                        }
                        else {
                            frame.addBNode();
                        }
                    }
                    else {
                        frame.addNode(about.nodeValue);
                        dom.removeAttributeNode(about);
                    }
                    // Typed nodes
                    var rdftype = this.getAttributeNodeNS(dom, RDFParser.ns.RDF, "type");
                    if (RDFParser.ns.RDF + "Description" !== elementURI(dom)){
                        rdftype = {'nodeValue': elementURI(dom)};
                    }
                    if (rdftype != null){
                        this.store.add(frame.node, this.store.sym(RDFParser.ns.RDF + "type"), this.store.sym($rdf.Util.uri.join(rdftype.nodeValue,
                           frame.base)), this.why);
                        if (rdftype.nodeName){
                            dom.removeAttributeNode(rdftype);
                        }
                    }
                    // Property Attributes
                    for (var x = attrs.length - 1;x >= 0;x--){
                        this.store.add(frame.node, this.store.sym(elementURI(attrs[x])), this.store.literal(attrs[x].nodeValue,
                           frame.lang), this.why);
                    }
                }
                else {
                      // we should add an arc (or implicit bnode+arc)
                    frame.addArc(elementURI(dom));// save the arc's rdf:ID if it has one
                    if (this.reify){
                        rdfid = this.getAttributeNodeNS(dom, RDFParser.ns.RDF, "ID");
                        if (rdfid){
                            frame.rdfid = rdfid.nodeValue;
                            dom.removeAttributeNode(rdfid);
                        }
                    }
                    var parsetype = this.getAttributeNodeNS(dom, RDFParser.ns.RDF, "parseType");
                    var datatype = this.getAttributeNodeNS(dom, RDFParser.ns.RDF, "datatype");
                    if (datatype){
                        frame.datatype = datatype.nodeValue;
                        dom.removeAttributeNode(datatype);
                    }
                    if (parsetype){
                        var nv = parsetype.nodeValue;
                        if (nv === "Literal"){
                            frame.datatype = RDFParser.ns.RDF + "XMLLiteral";// (this.buildFrame(frame)).addLiteral(dom)
                               // should work but doesn't
                            frame = this.buildFrame(frame);
                            frame.addLiteral(dom);
                            dig = false;
                        }
                        else if (nv === "Resource"){
                            frame = this.buildFrame(frame, frame.element);
                            frame.parent.element = null;
                            frame.addBNode();
                        }
                        else if (nv === "Collection"){
                            frame = this.buildFrame(frame, frame.element);
                            frame.parent.element = null;
                            frame.addCollection();
                        }
                        dom.removeAttributeNode(parsetype);
                    }
                    if (attrs.length !== 0){
                        var resource = this.getAttributeNodeNS(dom, RDFParser.ns.RDF, "resource");
                        var bnid2 = this.getAttributeNodeNS(dom, RDFParser.ns.RDF, "nodeID");
                        frame = this.buildFrame(frame);
                        if (resource){
                            frame.addNode(resource.nodeValue);
                            dom.removeAttributeNode(resource);
                        }
                        else {
                            if (bnid2){
                                frame.addBNode(bnid2.nodeValue);
                                dom.removeAttributeNode(bnid2);
                            }
                            else {
                                frame.addBNode();
                            }
                        }
                        for (var x1 = attrs.length - 1; x1 >= 0; x1--){
                            var f = this.buildFrame(frame);
                            f.addArc(elementURI(attrs[x1]));
                            if (elementURI(attrs[x1])=== RDFParser.ns.RDF + "type"){
                                (this.buildFrame(f)).addNode(attrs[x1].nodeValue);
                            }
                            else {
                                (this.buildFrame(f)).addLiteral(attrs[x1].nodeValue);
                            }
                        }
                    }
                    else if (dom.childNodes.length === 0){
                        (this.buildFrame(frame)).addLiteral("");
                    }
                }
            }// rdf:RDF
               // dig dug
            dom = frame.element;
            while (frame.parent){
                var pframe = frame;
                while (dom == null){
                    frame = frame.parent;
                    dom = frame.element;
                }
                var candidate = dom.childNodes && dom.childNodes[frame.lastChild];
                if (!candidate || ! dig){
                    frame.terminateFrame();
                    if ( ! (frame = frame.parent)){
                        break;
                    }// done
                    dom = frame.element;
                    dig = true;
                }
                else if ((candidate.nodeType !== RDFParser.nodeType.ELEMENT &&
                        candidate.nodeType !== RDFParser.nodeType.TEXT &&
                        candidate.nodeType !== RDFParser.nodeType.CDATA_SECTION) ||
                    ((candidate.nodeType === RDFParser.nodeType.TEXT ||
                        candidate.nodeType === RDFParser.nodeType.CDATA_SECTION) &&
                        dom.childNodes.length !== 1)){
                    frame.lastChild++;
                }
                else {
                      // not a leaf
                    frame.lastChild++;
                    frame = this.buildFrame(pframe, dom.childNodes[frame.lastChild - 1]);
                    break;
                }
            }
        }// while
    };

    /**
     * Cleans out state from a previous parse run
     * @private
     */
    this.cleanParser = function(){
        this.bnodes = {};
        this.why = null;
    };

    /**
     * Builds scope frame
     * @private
     */
    this.buildFrame = function(parent, element){
        var frame = this.frameFactory(this, parent, element);
        if (parent){
            frame.base = parent.base;
            frame.lang = parent.lang;
        }
        if (!element || element.nodeType === RDFParser.nodeType.TEXT ||
                element.nodeType === RDFParser.nodeType.CDATA_SECTION){
            return frame;
        }
        var attrs = element.attributes;
        var base = element.getAttributeNode("xml:base");
        if (base != null){
            frame.base = base.nodeValue;
            element.removeAttribute("xml:base");
        }
        var lang = element.getAttributeNode("xml:lang");
        if (lang != null){
            frame.lang = lang.nodeValue;
            element.removeAttribute("xml:lang");
        }
        // remove all extraneous xml and xmlns attributes
        for (var x = attrs.length - 1;x >= 0;x--){
            if (attrs[x].nodeName.substr(0, 3) === "xml"){
                if (attrs[x].name.slice(0, 6) === 'xmlns:'){
                    var uri = attrs[x].nodeValue;// alert('base for namespac attr:'+this.base);
                    if (this.base) uri = $rdf.Util.uri.join(uri, this.base);
                    this.store.setPrefixForURI(attrs[x].name.slice(6), uri);
                }
                //		alert('rdfparser: xml atribute: '+attrs[x].name) //@@
                element.removeAttributeNode(attrs[x]);
            }
        }
        return frame;
    };
};

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
package ml.techcavern.waveline.commands.reference;

/**
 * Created by jzhou on 12/28/2015.
 */

import android.content.Context;

import com.wolfram.alpha.WAEngine;
import com.wolfram.alpha.WAPlainText;
import com.wolfram.alpha.WAPod;
import com.wolfram.alpha.WAQuery;
import com.wolfram.alpha.WAQueryResult;
import com.wolfram.alpha.WASubpod;
import com.wolfram.alpha.visitor.Visitable;

import org.apache.commons.lang3.ArrayUtils;
import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils;

import ml.techcavern.waveline.annots.CMD;
import ml.techcavern.waveline.objects.Command;
import ml.techcavern.waveline.objects.OutputCard;
import ml.techcavern.waveline.utils.DatabaseUtils;
import ml.techcavern.waveline.utils.GeneralUtils;

@CMD
public class Question extends Command {

    public Question() {
        super(GeneralUtils.toArray("question q wa wolframalpha"), "question (answer #) [question]", "Ask wolfram alpha a question!");
    }

    @Override
    public void onCommand(Context context, String[] args) throws Exception {
        args = ArrayUtils.remove(args, 0);
        int ArrayIndex = 1;
        if (GeneralUtils.isInteger(args[0])) {
            ArrayIndex = Integer.parseInt(args[0]);
            args = ArrayUtils.remove(args, 0);
        }
        String wolframalphaapikey;
        if (DatabaseUtils.getConfig(context, "wolframalphaapikey") != null)
            wolframalphaapikey = DatabaseUtils.getConfig(context, "wolframalphaapikey");
        else {
            GeneralUtils.addCard(new OutputCard(context, "API key undefined", "Please define wolframalphaapikey in Config"));
            return;
        }
        WAEngine engine = new WAEngine();
        engine.setAppID("5P3X6V-LR44XJW9V2");
        engine.addFormat("plaintext");
        WAQuery query = engine.createQuery();
        query.setInput(StringUtils.join(args, " "));
        WAQueryResult queryResult = engine.performQuery(query);
        WAPod[] result = queryResult.getPods();
        if (result.length > 0) {
            if (result.length - 1 >= ArrayIndex) {
                for (WASubpod sub : result[ArrayIndex].getSubpods()) {
                    for (Visitable visitable : sub.getContents()) {
                        if (sub.getTitle().isEmpty())
                            GeneralUtils.addCard(new OutputCard(context, result[ArrayIndex].getTitle(), ((WAPlainText) sub.getContents()[0]).getText().replaceAll("\\n", " - ").replaceAll(" \\| ", ": ")));
                        else
                            GeneralUtils.addCard(new OutputCard(context, result[ArrayIndex].getTitle() + " - " + sub.getTitle(), ((WAPlainText) sub.getContents()[0]).getText().replaceAll("\\n", " - ").replaceAll(" \\| ", ": ")));
                    }
                }
            } else {
                GeneralUtils.addCard(new OutputCard(context, "Answer does not exist", "Answer #" + ArrayIndex + " does not exist"));
            }
        } else {
            GeneralUtils.addCard(new OutputCard(context, "No results", "Question returned no answers"));
        }
    }

}


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LIVERPOOL star Sadio Mane is a nightmare for opposition defenders with his pace and ability to get in behind, claims Rio Ferdinand.
Mane returned to the Liverpool side for the Champions League clash against Red Star Belgrade this evening.
The flying winger missed the win over Huddersfield on Saturday after breaking his thumb on international duty with Senegal.
Mane is one of Liverpool's famous attacking trio, alongside Mohamed Salah and Roberto Firmino, who led the Reds to the Champions League final last seasom.
And Ferdinand believes Mane is vital for Liverpool's success and helps bring the best out of Firmino and other team-mates.
"Yeah 100 per cent (Mane is very important) and I think that was highlighted at the weekend," Ferdinand said of the Liverpool man on BT Sport.
"He missed the game at Huddersfield at the weekend and what he does give them is legs and the willingness to run behind.
"For a defender, that is a nightmare.
"And when he does that, it opens the spaces for the likes of Firmino to drop in.
"His link-up play is second to none at the moment Firmino.
"He comes in short, draws defenders, makes them think, and this guy always runs in behind.
"He's always threatening that space in behind to exploit and get goals.
"Here you see Firmino goes deep, who's going to be up against the last defenders? The man you want to be in there.
"And this is what I love about him, snap-shot, bang, goal.
"No second thoughts and he's fantastic.


text:
JOSEPH A. AQUINO, PRESIDENT, JAACRES
Recognized for his consistent years of deal making and skill set for advising property owners as to the right retail tenant mix, and merchants for their new business development; Joseph Aquino has more than 30 years of NEW YORK CITY REAL ESTATE EXPERIENCE. No one knows the City better than Joseph and to know which national and / or international tenant/s belong here.
He has assisted top property owners & retailers through his long well known illustrious career. His specialty includes the full spectrum of retail, whether includes luxury, fast fashion or food & beverage. He also has experience & capability for the site selection of showroom & office, movie theatres, parking garage, and industrial.
Under the leadership of Joseph Aquino, JAACRES has expanded their company of real estate professionals to be a leader in the commercial real estate industry.
ja@jaacres.com | +1 (917) 597-9880
BARRY CREGAN, Head of Hospitality
Barry Cregan heads their hospitality division. He has spent 35 years in the hospitality industry, including a stint as president of The Plaza Hotel. He also operated four casinos in Atlantic City, Puerto Rico and Connecticut and presided over hotels in Chicago, and the South Beach area of Miami.
bcregan@jaacres.com | +1 (917) 406-1805
OLIVIA AQUINO BALSAMO | Associate Broker
Olivia Aquino Balsamo has 15 years of brokerage experience in Queens, N.Y. She specializes in the industrial and retail sectors, and recently leased Newel Props and Rentals 50,000 sq. ft. at the Swingline Building in Long Island City.
obalsamo@jaacres.com | +1 (917) 561-4693
ALL OUR TEAM MEMBERS ARE AVAILABLE FOR VIDEO CONFERENCES, PHONE CALLS, OR A PERSONAL MEETING TO DISCUSS YOUR ASSETS AND REQUIREMENTS. YOU CAN COUNT ON JAACRES!

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Home > Countries > Slovakia
Embassy of Slovakia
50-M, Niti Marg, Chanakyapuri, New Delhi, 110021, India
Slovakia, well located at the centre of continental Europe, has some 9,000 international students in its higher education sector, which consists of universities, technological universities, and institutes of art and music.
Well located at the centre of Continental Europe, Slovakia borders Austria, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland and Ukraine. In the north and northeast, Slovakia is flanked by the Carpathian Mountains, and mountainous terrain accounts for over one third of the country's territory. A relatively small country (49,036 km2 ), Slovakia has a population of 5.4 million. The official language is Slovak, and Hungarian and Czech are widely spoken. Slovakia is a member of multiple international organisations, including the European Union, the World Trade Organisation, NATO, and the OECD. In economic terms the largest proportion of GDP is produced by Services, followed by Industry. Meanwhile, the automotive sector is one of the fastest growing sectors in Slovakia due to large foreign investments from car giants Volkswagen, Peugeot and Kia Motors. Other main industries include nuclear fuel, chemicals, man-made fibres, and electrical and optical apparatus. In 2007, Slovakia achieved the highest annual economic growth among the members of OECD and the EU (10.4%). The economy by reaching 4% GDP growth in 2007 kept the highest pace amongst new EU member states. In 2013 Slovakia passed "the second bottom" without going into recession, and despite the decrease in growth the dynamics of real GDP was significantly more favourable in comparison to EU 28.
Slovakia has public, state-financed, and private higher educational institutions. In all there are 19 public institutions of higher learning, including nine traditional universities, three technological universities, three institutes of art and music, one institute of economics, one university of veterinary medicine, and one agricultural university. The state-financed institutions include two military academies, one police academy, and one university of medicine. Under Slovakia's current Higher Education Law, its institutions of higher learning offer three levels of higher education: the first level ends with the award of Bachelor's degree (Bc.) to graduates; the second level gives a full higher education in three degrees – Master (Mgr.), Engineer (Ing.) and Doctor (MUDr., JUDr., PhDr., PaeDr., RNDr. etc); and the third level is completed with a Doctorate (PhD). Slovak higher education courses usually run from September to August. In terms of tuition fees, non-EU students usually have to pay fees of around 150,000-350,000 INR per year, although the amounts vary depending on the course and institution. According to UNESCO's statistics, more than 9,000 internationally mobile tertiary level students attend Slovak higher education institutions each year – more than half of which come from the Czech Republic, followed by Greece, with only a small amount of students from India.
Establishment of the National Scholarship Programme for the Support of Mobility of Students, PhD Students, University Teachers and Researchers was approved by the Government of the Slovak Republic in 2005. The National Scholarship Programme of the Slovak Republic is funded by the Ministry of Education, Science, Research and Sport of the Slovak Republic. The following types of scholarships are available: Scholarships for foreign university students to take part in Master's (graduate) study over a period of one to two semesters (5 – 10 months) at Slovak universities; Scholarships for foreign PhD students to undertake a portion of their studies over a period of 1 to 12 months at Slovak universities or research institutes of the Slovak Academy of Sciences; Scholarships for foreign university teachers and researchers over a period of 1 to 12 months to carry out teaching or research at Slovak universities, research institutes, or nongovernmental organisations (on the basis of an invitation). For further information on opportunities for foreign students – including Indian students.
The National Scholarship Programme:
http://www.scholarships.sk
Slovak Academic Information Agency:
http://www.saia.sk/en
Ministry of Education, Science, Research and Sport of the Slovak Republic:
http://www.minedu.sk
Governmental scholarships for foreign students:
https://www.minedu.sk/7512-en/scholarships
Information on Study in Slovakia
http://www.mastersportal.eu/countries/41/slovakia.html
Embassy of the Slovak Republic, 50-M, Niti Marg, Chanakyapuri, New Delhi-110021, India
http://www.mzv.sk/delhi
Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra


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text:
A Year of Free Comics: Get caught up in the magic of FOUR LEAF
https://www.comicsbeat.com/a-year-of-free-comics-four-leaf-webtoons/
AVENGERS: ENDGAME climax comes to life in Hasbro Infinity Saga figures
https://www.comicsbeat.com/hasbro-marvel-legends-infinity-saga-iron-man-vs-thanos-figures/
Liam McIntyre dives into Aquaman's role in JUSTICE SOCIETY: WORLD WAR II video interview
https://www.comicsbeat.com/liam-mcintyre-justice-society-world-war-ii-video-interview/
Woody Harrelson unleashed in the VENOM: LET THERE BE CARNAGE trailer!
https://www.comicsbeat.com/venom-let-there-be-carnage-trailer/
Recap: THE FLASH S7E8 — "The People v. Killer Frost"
https://www.comicsbeat.com/recap-the-flash-s7e8-the-people-v-killer-frost/
SUMMONS: Leah Williams & Lucas Werneck go to court in TRIAL OF MAGNETO limited series
https://www.comicsbeat.com/x-men-the-trial-of-magneto-series-announced/
EXLCUSIVE: Snakes are out in SHADOW DOCTOR #4
https://www.comicsbeat.com/exlcusive-snakes-are-out-in-shadow-doctor-4/
EXCLUSIVE: Sequel Alert! BLOOM PART II on the way
https://www.comicsbeat.com/exclusive-sequel-alert-bloom-part-ii-on-the-way/
Nazuna Saito collection OFFSHORE LIGHTNING coming from Drawn & Quarterly in 2022
https://www.comicsbeat.com/nazuna-saito-offshore-lightning-drawn-quarterly/
INTERVIEW: CELESTE BRONFMAN chats about MY LITTLE PONY: FRIENDSHIP IS MAGIC
https://www.comicsbeat.com/interview-celeste-bronfman-my-little-pony-friendship-is-magic/


text:
#include <algorithm>
#include <chrono>
#include <fstream>

#include <AVSCommon/SDKInterfaces/SpeakerInterface.h>
#include <AVSCommon/Utils/Logger/Logger.h>
#include <AVSCommon/Utils/Metrics/MetricEventBuilder.h>
#include <AVSCommon/Utils/Metrics/DataPointCounterBuilder.h>

#include "acsdkAlerts/Renderer/Renderer.h"

namespace alexaClientSDK {
namespace acsdkAlerts {
namespace renderer {

using namespace avsCommon::sdkInterfaces;
using namespace avsCommon::utils::logger;
using namespace avsCommon::utils::mediaPlayer;
using namespace avsCommon::utils::metrics;

/// String to identify log entries originating from this file.
static const std::string TAG("Renderer");

/// Metric Activity Name Prefix for ALERTS RENDERER metric source.
static const std::string ALERT_RENDERER_METRIC_SOURCE_PREFIX = "ALERT_RENDERER-";

/**
 * Create a LogEntry using this file's TAG and the specified event string.
 *
 * @param The event string for this @c LogEntry.
 */
#define LX(event) alexaClientSDK::avsCommon::utils::logger::LogEntry(TAG, event)

/// The duration of time for the alarm volume ramp to reach the alert volume sound.
static const auto ALARM_VOLUME_RAMP_TIME = std::chrono::minutes(1);

/**
 * Local utility function to evaluate if a sourceId returned from the MediaPlayer is ok.
 *
 * @param sourceId The sourceId being tested.
 * @return Whether the sourceId is ok or not.
 */
static bool isSourceIdOk(MediaPlayerInterface::SourceId sourceId) {
    return sourceId != MediaPlayerInterface::ERROR;
}

/**
 * Submits a metric for a given count and name.
 * @param metricRecorder The @c MetricRecorderInterface which records Metric events.
 * @param eventName The name of the metric event.
 * @param count The count for metric event.
 */
static void submitMetric(
    const std::shared_ptr<MetricRecorderInterface>& metricRecorder,
    const std::string& eventName,
    int count) {
    if (!metricRecorder) {
        return;
    }

    auto metricEvent = MetricEventBuilder{}
                           .setActivityName(ALERT_RENDERER_METRIC_SOURCE_PREFIX + eventName)
                           .addDataPoint(DataPointCounterBuilder{}.setName(eventName).increment(count).build())
                           .build();

    if (!metricEvent) {
        ACSDK_ERROR(LX("Error creating metric."));
        return;
    }
    recordMetric(metricRecorder, metricEvent);
}

std::shared_ptr<Renderer> Renderer::createAlertRenderer(
    const std::shared_ptr<acsdkApplicationAudioPipelineFactoryInterfaces::ApplicationAudioPipelineFactoryInterface>&
        audioPipelineFactory,
    const std::shared_ptr<avsCommon::utils::metrics::MetricRecorderInterface>& metricRecorder,
    const std::shared_ptr<acsdkShutdownManagerInterfaces::ShutdownNotifierInterface>& shutdownNotifier,
    const std::shared_ptr<avsCommon::sdkInterfaces::InternetConnectionMonitorInterface>& internetConnectionMonitor) {
    if (!audioPipelineFactory) {
        ACSDK_ERROR(LX("createFailed").m("audioPipelineFactory parameter was nullptr."));
        return nullptr;
    }

    if (!shutdownNotifier) {
        ACSDK_ERROR(LX("createAlertRenderFailed").d("reason", "null shutdown notifier"));
        return nullptr;
    }

    auto applicationMediaInterfaces = audioPipelineFactory->createApplicationMediaInterfaces(
        ALERTS_MEDIA_PLAYER_NAME,
        false,
        false,
        false,
        avsCommon::sdkInterfaces::ChannelVolumeInterface::Type::AVS_ALERTS_VOLUME);

    if (!applicationMediaInterfaces) {
        ACSDK_ERROR(LX("createFailed").d("reason", "failed to create media player or related interfaces"));
        return nullptr;
    }
    auto mediaPlayer = applicationMediaInterfaces->mediaPlayer;

    auto renderer = std::shared_ptr<Renderer>(new Renderer{mediaPlayer, metricRecorder, internetConnectionMonitor});
    mediaPlayer->addObserver(renderer);
    shutdownNotifier->addObserver(renderer);

    if (internetConnectionMonitor) {
        internetConnectionMonitor->addInternetConnectionObserver(renderer);
    }

    return renderer;
}

std::shared_ptr<Renderer> Renderer::create(
    std::shared_ptr<MediaPlayerInterface> mediaPlayer,
    std::shared_ptr<MetricRecorderInterface> metricRecorder,
    std::shared_ptr<avsCommon::sdkInterfaces::InternetConnectionMonitorInterface> internetConnectionMonitor) {
    if (!mediaPlayer) {
        ACSDK_ERROR(LX("createFailed").m("mediaPlayer parameter was nullptr."));
        return nullptr;
    }

    auto renderer = std::shared_ptr<Renderer>(new Renderer{mediaPlayer, metricRecorder, internetConnectionMonitor});
    mediaPlayer->addObserver(renderer);

    return renderer;
}

void Renderer::doShutdown() {
    ACSDK_DEBUG5(LX(__func__));

    if (m_mediaPlayer) {
        m_mediaPlayer->removeObserver(shared_from_this());
    }

    if (m_internetConnectionMonitor) {
        m_internetConnectionMonitor->removeInternetConnectionObserver(shared_from_this());
    }
    m_executor.shutdown();
}

void Renderer::start(
    std::shared_ptr<RendererObserverInterface> observer,
    std::function<std::pair<std::unique_ptr<std::istream>, const avsCommon::utils::MediaType>()> audioFactory,
    bool volumeRampEnabled,
    const std::vector<std::string>& urls,
    int loopCount,
    std::chrono::milliseconds loopPause,
    bool startWithPause) {
    ACSDK_DEBUG5(LX(__func__));

    std::pair<std::unique_ptr<std::istream>, const avsCommon::utils::MediaType> defaultAudio = audioFactory();
    if (!defaultAudio.first) {
        ACSDK_ERROR(LX("startFailed").m("default audio is nullptr"));
        return;
    }

    if (loopCount < 0) {
        ACSDK_ERROR(LX("startInvalidParam").m("loopCount less than zero - adjusting to acceptable minimum."));
        loopCount = 0;
    }

    if (loopPause.count() < 0) {
        ACSDK_ERROR(LX("startInvalidParam").m("loopPause less than zero - adjusting to acceptable minimum."));
        loopPause = std::chrono::milliseconds{0};
    }

    m_executor.execute([this, observer, audioFactory, volumeRampEnabled, urls, loopCount, loopPause, startWithPause]() {
        executeStart(observer, audioFactory, volumeRampEnabled, urls, loopCount, loopPause, startWithPause);
    });
}

void Renderer::stop() {
    ACSDK_DEBUG5(LX(__func__));
    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(m_waitMutex);
    m_isStopping = true;
    m_waitCondition.notify_all();

    m_executor.execute([this]() { executeStop(); });
}

void Renderer::onFirstByteRead(SourceId id, const MediaPlayerState&) {
    ACSDK_DEBUG(LX(__func__).d("id", id));
}

void Renderer::onPlaybackStarted(SourceId sourceId, const MediaPlayerState&) {
    m_executor.execute([this, sourceId]() { executeOnPlaybackStarted(sourceId); });
}

void Renderer::onPlaybackStopped(SourceId sourceId, const MediaPlayerState&) {
    m_executor.execute([this, sourceId]() { executeOnPlaybackStopped(sourceId); });
}

void Renderer::onPlaybackFinished(SourceId sourceId, const MediaPlayerState&) {
    m_executor.execute([this, sourceId]() { executeOnPlaybackFinished(sourceId); });
}

void Renderer::onPlaybackError(
    SourceId sourceId,
    const avsCommon::utils::mediaPlayer::ErrorType& type,
    std::string error,
    const MediaPlayerState&) {
    m_executor.execute([this, sourceId, type, error]() { executeOnPlaybackError(sourceId, type, error); });
}

Renderer::Renderer(
    std::shared_ptr<MediaPlayerInterface> mediaPlayer,
    std::shared_ptr<MetricRecorderInterface> metricRecorder,
    std::shared_ptr<avsCommon::sdkInterfaces::InternetConnectionMonitorInterface> internetConnectionMonitor) :
        RequiresShutdown{"Renderer"},
        m_mediaPlayer{mediaPlayer},
        m_metricRecorder{metricRecorder},
        m_observer{nullptr},
        m_numberOfStreamsRenderedThisLoop{0},
        m_remainingLoopCount{0},
        m_directiveLoopCount{0},
        m_loopPause{std::chrono::milliseconds{0}},
        m_shouldPauseBeforeRender{false},
        m_isStopping{false},
        m_isStartPending{false},
        m_volumeRampEnabled{false},
        m_isNetworkConnected{false},
        m_internetConnectionMonitor{internetConnectionMonitor} {
    resetSourceId();
}

bool Renderer::shouldPlayDefault() {
    ACSDK_DEBUG9(LX("shouldPlayDefault"));
    return m_urls.empty();
}

bool Renderer::shouldMediaPlayerRepeat() {
    ACSDK_DEBUG9(LX("shouldMediaPlayerRepeat"));
    return m_urls.empty() && (0 == m_directiveLoopCount) && (0 == m_loopPause.count());
}

bool Renderer::isLastSource() {
    ACSDK_DEBUG9(LX("isLastSource"));
    return isLastSourceInLoop() && m_remainingLoopCount <= 0;
}

bool Renderer::isLastSourceInLoop() {
    ACSDK_DEBUG9(LX("isLastSourceInLoop"));
    return m_numberOfStreamsRenderedThisLoop >= static_cast<int>(m_urls.size());
}

bool Renderer::shouldRenderNext() {
    ACSDK_DEBUG9(LX("shouldRenderNext"));

    if (shouldMediaPlayerRepeat()) {
        return false;
    }

    if (m_directiveLoopCount > 0) {
        return (m_remainingLoopCount > 0);
    }

    if (shouldPlayDefault() && (0 != m_loopPause.count())) {
        return true;
    }
    return false;
}

bool Renderer::shouldPause() {
    ACSDK_DEBUG9(LX("shouldPause"));
    if (0 == m_loopPause.count()) {
        return false;
    }

    if (m_directiveLoopCount == 0) {
        return true;
    }

    if (m_remainingLoopCount > 0) {
        return true;
    }

    return false;
}

bool Renderer::pause(std::chrono::milliseconds duration) {
    ACSDK_DEBUG9(LX(__func__).d("duration", duration.count()));

    if (duration.count() <= 0) {
        ACSDK_WARN(LX(__func__).m("duration is a non-positive value.  Returning."));
        return false;
    }

    std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(m_waitMutex);
    // Wait for stop() or m_loopPause to elapse.
    return !m_waitCondition.wait_for(lock, duration, [this]() { return m_isStopping; });
}

SourceConfig Renderer::generateMediaConfiguration() {
    if (!m_volumeRampEnabled) {
        return emptySourceConfig();
    }

    // Calculate the initial volume gain for this next rendering round. We use a linear gain which starts from 0
    // and max at 100 when the rendering duration has reached @c ALARM_VOLUME_RAMP_RAMP_TIME.
    auto timeDifference = std::chrono::steady_clock::now().time_since_epoch() - m_renderStartTime.time_since_epoch();
    auto timePlayedDuration = std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::milliseconds>(timeDifference);
    auto startVolumeGain = (timePlayedDuration.count() * MAX_GAIN) /
                           std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::milliseconds>(ALARM_VOLUME_RAMP_TIME).count();
    if (timePlayedDuration.count() < 0) {
        ACSDK_ERROR(LX("generateMediaConfigurationFailed").d("reason", "invalidDuration"));
        return emptySourceConfig();
    }

    return SourceConfig::createWithFadeIn(startVolumeGain, MAX_GAIN, ALARM_VOLUME_RAMP_TIME);
}

void Renderer::play() {
    auto mediaConfig = generateMediaConfiguration();
    ACSDK_DEBUG9(LX(__func__).d("fadeEnabled", m_volumeRampEnabled).d("startGain", mediaConfig.fadeInConfig.startGain));

    m_isStartPending = false;

    if (shouldPlayDefault() || !m_isNetworkConnected) {
        ACSDK_INFO(LX(__func__).d("m_isNetworkConnected", m_isNetworkConnected));
        std::shared_ptr<std::istream> stream;
        avsCommon::utils::MediaType streamFormat = avsCommon::utils::MediaType::UNKNOWN;
        std::tie(stream, streamFormat) = m_defaultAudioFactory();
        m_currentSourceId = m_mediaPlayer->setSource(stream, shouldMediaPlayerRepeat(), mediaConfig, streamFormat);
    } else {
        m_currentSourceId = m_mediaPlayer->setSource(
            m_urls[m_numberOfStreamsRenderedThisLoop], std::chrono::milliseconds::zero(), mediaConfig, false);
    }
    if (!isSourceIdOk(m_currentSourceId)) {
        ACSDK_ERROR(
            LX("executeStartFailed").d("m_currentSourceId", m_currentSourceId).m("SourceId response was invalid."));
        return;
    }

    if (m_shouldPauseBeforeRender) {
        ACSDK_DEBUG5(LX(__func__).m("Performing initial pause before beginning loop rendering."));
        m_shouldPauseBeforeRender = false;
        pause(m_loopPause);
    }

    if (0 == m_numberOfStreamsRenderedThisLoop) {
        m_loopStartTime = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
    }

    if (!m_mediaPlayer->play(m_currentSourceId)) {
        const std::string errorMessage{"MediaPlayer play request failed."};
        ACSDK_ERROR(LX("executeStartFailed").d("m_currentSourceId", m_currentSourceId).m(errorMessage));
        handlePlaybackError(errorMessage);
    }
}

void Renderer::executeStart(
    std::shared_ptr<RendererObserverInterface> observer,
    std::function<std::pair<std::unique_ptr<std::istream>, const avsCommon::utils::MediaType>()> audioFactory,
    bool volumeRampEnabled,
    const std::vector<std::string>& urls,
    int loopCount,
    std::chrono::milliseconds loopPause,
    bool startWithPause) {
    ACSDK_DEBUG1(LX(__func__)
                     .d("rampEnabled", volumeRampEnabled)
                     .d("urls.size", urls.size())
                     .d("loopCount", loopCount)
                     .d("loopPause (ms)", std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::milliseconds>(loopPause).count())
                     .d("startWithPause", startWithPause));

    m_observer = observer;

    m_urls = urls;
    m_remainingLoopCount = loopCount;
    m_directiveLoopCount = loopCount;
    m_loopPause = loopPause;
    m_shouldPauseBeforeRender = startWithPause;
    m_defaultAudioFactory = audioFactory;
    m_volumeRampEnabled = volumeRampEnabled;
    m_numberOfStreamsRenderedThisLoop = 0;

    ACSDK_DEBUG9(
        LX("executeStart")
            .d("m_urls.size", m_urls.size())
            .d("m_remainingLoopCount", m_remainingLoopCount)
            .d("m_loopPause (ms)", std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::milliseconds>(m_loopPause).count()));

    std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(m_waitMutex);
    if (m_isStopping) {
        lock.unlock();
        ACSDK_DEBUG5(LX(__func__).m("Being stopped. Will start playing once fully stopped."));
        m_isStartPending = true;
        return;
    }
    lock.unlock();

    m_renderStartTime = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();

    play();
}

void Renderer::executeStop() {
    ACSDK_DEBUG1(LX("executeStop"));

    m_isStartPending = false;

    if (MediaPlayerInterface::ERROR == m_currentSourceId) {
        ACSDK_ERROR(LX(__func__).m("Nothing to stop, no media playing."));
        {
            std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(m_waitMutex);
            m_isStopping = false;
            // The alert thinks audio is still rendering, notify them nothing is happening.
            notifyObserver(RendererObserverInterface::State::STOPPED);
            m_observer = nullptr;
        }
        return;
    }

    if (!m_mediaPlayer->stop(m_currentSourceId)) {
        std::string errorMessage = "mediaPlayer stop request failed.";
        ACSDK_ERROR(LX("executeStopFailed").d("SourceId", m_currentSourceId).m(errorMessage));
    }
}

void Renderer::executeOnPlaybackStarted(SourceId sourceId) {
    ACSDK_DEBUG1(LX("executeOnPlaybackStarted").d("sourceId", sourceId));
    if (m_currentSourceId != sourceId) {
        ACSDK_DEBUG9(LX("executeOnPlaybackStarted")
                         .d("m_currentSourceId", m_currentSourceId)
                         .m("Ignoring - different from expected source id."));
        return;
    }

    notifyObserver(RendererObserverInterface::State::STARTED);
}

void Renderer::executeOnPlaybackStopped(SourceId sourceId) {
    ACSDK_DEBUG1(LX("executeOnPlaybackStopped").d("sourceId", sourceId));
    if (m_currentSourceId != sourceId) {
        ACSDK_DEBUG9(LX("executeOnPlaybackStopped")
                         .d("m_currentSourceId", m_currentSourceId)
                         .m("Ignoring - different from expected source id."));
        return;
    }

    {
        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(m_waitMutex);
        m_isStopping = false;
    }

    notifyObserver(RendererObserverInterface::State::STOPPED);

    if (m_isStartPending) {
        ACSDK_DEBUG5(LX(__func__).m("Resuming pending play."));
        play();
    } else {
        m_observer = nullptr;
        resetSourceId();
    }
}

void Renderer::executeOnPlaybackFinished(SourceId sourceId) {
    ACSDK_DEBUG1(LX("executeOnPlaybackFinished").d("sourceId", sourceId));
    if (m_currentSourceId != sourceId) {
        ACSDK_DEBUG9(LX("executeOnPlaybackFinished")
                         .d("m_currentSourceId", m_currentSourceId)
                         .m("Ignoring - different from expected source id."));
        return;
    }

    RendererObserverInterface::State finalState = RendererObserverInterface::State::STOPPED;

    ++m_numberOfStreamsRenderedThisLoop;
    auto localIsStopping = false;
    {
        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(m_waitMutex);
        localIsStopping = m_isStopping;
        m_isStopping = false;
    }

    if (!localIsStopping && shouldRenderNext()) {
        bool pauseWasInterrupted = false;
        if (renderNextAudioAsset(&pauseWasInterrupted)) {
            return;
        } else {
            // If there are no more assets to render, and the reason we aren't rendering more
            // assets isn't because a pause was interrupted, set state to COMPLETED
            if (!pauseWasInterrupted) {
                finalState = RendererObserverInterface::State::COMPLETED;
            }
        }
    }

    resetSourceId();
    notifyObserver(finalState);
    m_observer = nullptr;
}

bool Renderer::renderNextAudioAsset(bool* pauseInterruptedOut) {
    if (pauseInterruptedOut) {
        *pauseInterruptedOut = false;
    }

    // If we have completed a loop, then update our counters, and determine what to do next.  If the URLs aren't
    // reachable, m_urls will be empty.
    if (isLastSourceInLoop()) {
        m_remainingLoopCount--;
        m_numberOfStreamsRenderedThisLoop = 0;
        ACSDK_DEBUG5(LX("renderNextAudioAsset")
                         .d("remainingLoopCount", m_remainingLoopCount)
                         .d("nextAudioIndex", m_numberOfStreamsRenderedThisLoop)
                         .m("Preparing the audio loop counters."));

        if (shouldPause()) {
            auto loopRenderDuration = std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::milliseconds>(
                std::chrono::steady_clock::now() - m_loopStartTime);
            // let's ensure we only pause for the remainder of the loopPause duration.
            auto pauseDuration = m_loopPause - loopRenderDuration;

            // only pause if there is a positive remainder duration.
            if (pauseDuration.count() > 0) {
                bool pauseWasInterrupted = !pause(pauseDuration);

                if (pauseInterruptedOut) {
                    *pauseInterruptedOut = pauseWasInterrupted;
                }

                if (pauseWasInterrupted) {
                    ACSDK_DEBUG5(LX(__func__).m("Pause has been interrupted, not proceeding with the loop."));
                    return false;
                }
            }
        }
    }

    if (!shouldRenderNext()) {
        return false;
    }

    play();

    return true;
}

void Renderer::executeOnPlaybackError(
    SourceId sourceId,
    const avsCommon::utils::mediaPlayer::ErrorType& type,
    const std::string& error) {
    ACSDK_DEBUG1(LX("executeOnPlaybackError").d("sourceId", sourceId).d("type", type).d("error", error));
    submitMetric(m_metricRecorder, errorTypeToString(type), 1);
    if (m_currentSourceId != sourceId) {
        ACSDK_DEBUG9(LX("executeOnPlaybackError")
                         .d("m_currentSourceId", m_currentSourceId)
                         .m("Ignoring - different from expected source id."));
        return;
    }

    // This will cause a retry (through Renderer::start) using the same code paths as before, except in this case the
    // urls to render will be empty.
    handlePlaybackError(error);
}

void Renderer::notifyObserver(RendererObserverInterface::State state, const std::string& message) {
    if (m_observer) {
        m_observer->onRendererStateChange(state, message);
    }
}

void Renderer::resetSourceId() {
    ACSDK_DEBUG5(LX(__func__));
    m_currentSourceId = MediaPlayerInterface::ERROR;
}

void Renderer::handlePlaybackError(const std::string& error) {
    std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(m_waitMutex);
    m_isStopping = false;
    lock.unlock();

    m_isStartPending = false;
    resetSourceId();

    notifyObserver(RendererObserverInterface::State::ERROR, error);
    m_observer = nullptr;
}

void Renderer::onConnectionStatusChanged(bool connected) {
    ACSDK_DEBUG5(LX(__func__).d("Network connected", connected));
    m_isNetworkConnected = connected;
}

}  // namespace renderer
}  // namespace acsdkAlerts
}  // namespace alexaClientSDK


text:
Douglas lacrosse hosts games, fundraiser
The Douglas girls lacrosse team will wrap up its inaugural season with a busy weekend by hosting two games as well as two fundraisers today and Saturday.
First, Douglas will play Truckee in a High Sierra Lacrosse League game today at 5 p.m. on the Gardnerville Elementary School field. On Saturday, Douglas will take on Coyote (representing Northwest Reno) in its Senior Day contest at 10 a.m. at GES.
Also on Saturday, the team will be part of a fundraiser at Yogurt Beach, located on Waterloo Lane next to Lampe Park from 10:30 a.m. to 2:30 p.m. A percentage of proceeds from sales of yogurt will be donated to the non-profit Douglas lacrosse club — customers need only to say they are supporting Douglas girls lacrosse when purchasing their dessert. In conjunction with the fundraiser on Saturday, the lacrosse club will hold a car wash in the parking lot of Yogurt Beach from noon to 3 p.m.
Douglas is coming off a 13-12 overtime win last Saturday at home against Spanish Springs.


text:
Un largo camino hacia la libertad (Long Walk to Freedom en inglés) es una obra autobiográfica escrita por el expresidente sudafricano Nelson Mandela y publicada en 1994 por Little Brown & Co. El libro describe su niñez, mayoría de edad, educación y 27 años en prisión. Con el régimen del apartheid Mandela era considerado como terrorista y fue encarcelado en la isla Robben por su implicación como líder del entonces ilegal Congreso Nacional Africano. Desde entonces, logró reconocimiento internacional por su lucha desde la presidencia por reconstruir la sociedad segregacionada del país. Los últimos capítulos del libro describen su ascenso político y su creencia de que la lucha continúa contra el apartheid en Sudáfrica.

Mandela añadió la siguiente dedicatoria su libro: a mis seis hijos: Madiba y Makaziwe (mi primera hija) que han muerto, y a Makgatho, Makaziwe, Zenani y Zindzi, cuyo apoyo y cariño atesoro; a mis veintiún nietos y tres bisnietos que tanto quiero; y a todos mis camaradas, amigos y compañeros sudafricanos a quienes sirvo y cuyo coraje, determinación y patriotismo continúan siendo mi fuente de inspiración".

 Resumen
Dentro de las primeras partes de la autobiografía, Mandela describe su educación durante su niñez y adolescencia en Sudáfrica y su conexión con la dinastía real Thembu. Su nombre de niño era Rolihlahla, que podría traducirse como tira de la rama de un árbol o como un eufemismo para alborotador.

Más adelante, Mandela describe su educación en un colegio Thembu llamado Clarkebury y después en la estricta escuela de Healdtown. Menciona su educación en la universidad de Fort Hare y sus prácticas de derecho más tarde.

En la segunda parte del libro, introduce aspectos políticos y sociales del apartheid en Sudáfrica y las influencias de los políticos como Daniel François Malan, quien estableció los mínimos de las libertades africanas, comenzando oficialmente con las políticas de apartheid. Mandela se unió al Congreso Nacional Africano en 1950 y describe su organización como tácticas y bases propias de una guerrilla para luchar contra el apartheid.

En 1961 Mandela fue llevado a prisión por incitación a la huelga y el abandono del país sin pasaporte, por lo que su sentencia fue de cinco años en la cárcel. Sin embargo, poco después se le sentenció a cadena perpetua por sabotaje en lo que se conoce como Juicio Rivonia por el juez Quartus de Wet, en lugar de una posible sentencia a muerte. (p. 159)

Mandela describe su tiempo en prisión en la isla Robben y en Pollsmoor. Esos 28 años quedaron marcados por la crueldad de los guardas afrikáneres, trabajos agotadores y las noches en minúsculas celdas casi inhabitables. A diferencia de su biógrafo Anthony Sampson, Mandela no acusa al guarda James Gregory de inventarse una amistad con su prisionero. El libro de Gregory Goodbye Bafana hablaba de la vida de la familia de Mandela y describía a Gregory como amigo cercano. De acuerdo con Mandela: La Biografía Autorizada, la posición de Gregory era de censor de cartas entregadas al futuro presidente y es así como descubrió los detalles de la vida personal de Mandela, de los cuales hizo dinero mediante su libro. Mandela se planteó demandarle por romper tal confianza. En Un largo camino hacia la libertad Mandela solo señala de Gregory: yo no le había conocido realmente bien, pero él sí a nosotros porque había sido el responsable de revisar el correo que recibíamos y enviábamos.Posteriormente a su sentencia, Mandela se encontró con el presidente sudafricano Frederik Willem de Klerk y fue liberado en 1990. A diferencia del reporte de su amigo Anthony Sampson, el libro de Mandela no trata la presunta complicidad de Klerk en la violencia de los años 80 y 90 o el papel de su exmujer Winnie Mandela en tal sangría. Fue en 1994 cuando fue nombrado presidente de Sudáfrica.

 Críticas
El libro ganó el Premio Alan Paton en 1995 y se ha traducido a diversas lenguas, incluyendo una traducción al afrikáans por Antjie Krog.

 Adaptación cinematográfica Un largo camino hacia la libertad se ha adaptado al cine con el título Mandela: Un largo camino hacia la libertad'', dirigida por Justin Chadwick, escrita por William Nicholson y producida por Anant Singh. Mandela concedió personalmente los derechos de la película a la compañía de Sinh antes de 2009. Singh cree que como está basada en los propios escritos de Mandela, será la imagen definitiva de él. En febrero de 2012, el actor inglés Idris Elba confirmó que había firmado para encarnar a Mandela en la película. El preestreno tuvo lugar el 29 de noviembre de 2013 en Estados Unidos.

Referencias

Bibliografía

Enlaces externos
 Extractos sobre Un largo camino hacia la libertad.
 Citas del libro.
 Extractos en audio en varios idiomas del libro.

Libros de 1995
Nelson Mandela

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


More jobs are the goal for Porter County as County Commissioner President John Evans, R-North, joined with Valparaiso Mayor Jon Costas and Portage Mayor James Snyder on Tuesday to name eleven appointments for the county's new Economic Development Cabinet.
Announced in December, the cabinet will team up to "direct a countywide strategic plan that will focus on job creation and shovel ready development sites," Evans said, giving businesses the tools they need in becoming one of the nation's "premier" sites for economic growth.
The cabinet was expanded to eleven members rather than nine as previously announced due to overflow of quality applicants who Evans said would bring more fields of expertise to the table.
Under the original proposal, the county commissioners would appoint five members while the Valparaiso and Portage mayor would each make two appointments. However, Evans said he and the mayors had many similar interests in the applicants and the three ended up collaborating on their selections. in line with the original plan are the appointment of Porter County's two Northwest Indiana Regional Development Authority (RDA) representatives.
Applicants were required to have at least five years of professional experience in the areas of regional or local economic development, business or finance, planning, engineering, transportation, or public utilities.
Elected officials were barred from the appointments to keep politics out of the mix. Evans also debunked suspicions that the group would have the authority to create TIF districts or have any taxing powers, saying that authority is reserved for elected officials.
The group will work together for at least twelve months and all have agreed to volunteer their time to be a part of the cabinet. The project did allocate $75,000 from the county and $25,000 from the municipalities that will go to projects launching the initiative.
Both Snyder and Costas are anticipating the effort will not only bring changes to their communities but a boost throughout the county.
Snyder, who took office at the start of January, concurred the benefits will expand beyond cities and towns.
"I'm excited to see what it's going to mean to my constituents in Portage and the county as a whole," said Snyder.
Evans expects the cabinet to hold its first meeting sometime over the next two weeks.
The appointments are: Doug Olson, former Mayor of Portage and current Director of Government Affairs for SEH of Indiana, LLC; Ronald D. Belin, Area General Manager of North/Indiana/South Michigan for Frontier Communications; Stewart McMillan, president of Task Force Tips; Heather Ennis, executive director of the Chesterton/Duneland Chamber of Commerce and president of Duneland Economic Development Company; Kent Meihofer, senior vice-president of UGI Services; Tim Healy, Holladay Properties; Larry Hitz, owner/broker of Prudential Executive Group Real Estate; Tim Golab, Route 6 Development; Chris Hernandez, president of Northwest Indiana Building and Construction Trades Council; Harley Snyder, Regional Development Corporation; and Jeff Good, Regional Development Corporation.
Executive Director of the RDA Bill Hanna will help facilitate the group. Serving as staff support members will be Porter County Plan Commission Executive Director Bob Thompson, Valparaiso Economic Development Director Matt Murphy, Portage Director of Public Works A. J. Monroe, Porter County Tourism Director Lorelei Weimer, and Executive Directors of the Portage and Valparaiso Redevelopment Commissions John Shepherd and Stu Summers.


Many factors contribute to a good web design but one of the most rapidly growing trends in website design that we have embraced here at RB Oppenheim Associates and Digital Opps is responsive website layouts. A responsive website layout is one that adapts to the screen size the site is being viewed on. Whether it is a laptop, smartphone or tablet, a responsive design ensures that your website will look great regardless of the device being used.
We are currently host 80 websites build and designed by Digital Opps, a number that grows larger every day! Check out some examples below.


Fred Pilcher is a retired college physics teacher who knows from experience with his pupils that through nurturing, nearly all young people can become productive citizens. His great sadness is that in American society and in many other countries millions of underprivileged children are denied this nurturing. Both the children and their countries are poorer for losing what they could otherwise produce. As a scientist, Fred understands that critical thinking and following where the evidence leads are the only reliable ways to understand the real world.
Away from the real world of hard evidence, Fred reads science fiction and fantasy. His favorite childhood movie was the Walt Disney 1950 cartoon, Cinderella, and he greatly admires women who are both strong and compassionate. Fred brings together all of these ingredients in this story of a princess who becomes a wise and inspired queen with a personal mission to achieve productivity, prosperity, and happiness for all of her people.
Since the dawn of civilization and of writing, people have contemplated what qualities a good leader must possess, and what constitutes a just and equitable society. Starting with the earliest writings, people have also introduced elements of fantasy and the supernatural. "The Queen of Xana," set in the Middle Ages, is a different kind of story combining these ancient themes. Might the methods to achieve the worthy goal of prosperity for all in the Middle Ages also work in modern times? I invite you, the reader, to decide.
"The Queen of Xana," an adult fantasy, not for children, is complete with a princess beautiful on both the inside and the outside, her fairy godmother, and an evil sorcerer. But this is not the usual story of the handsome prince finding his beautiful princess. To save her people from the ravages of the sorcerer and become a magnificent queen, the princess must identify her handsome prince incognito in the crowd, and on her first try. She will not have a second chance, and, if she fails, she and all her people will be destroyed. Most readers probably believe she will succeed, and it is no spoiler to say that she does. But you will have to read the story to find out how. I believe you will find it heartwarming.
The princess becomes a queen, and marries her prince. As in most fairy stories, they are thereafter devoted to one another for life. They have frequent and fabulous sexual couplings. In a land in which promiscuity is apparently rampant, the queen and prince set a wholesome example of absolute fidelity and monogamy.
But this story is just beginning. The new young queen asserts her right to rule and inspire her people to create "the greatest prosperity the world has ever known, and to be shared by everyone." Since the origin of the written word, authors have pondered the worthiness of the ruler to rule. Can she remain calm and rational when her country is in profound danger? Does she spend the resources of her country on the welfare of her people, or on extravagance for herself and wars of conquest? Can she identify people both honorable and capable to assist her in running her country? Does she listen to her people express their needs and respond positively to them? In all of these measures and more, the Queen of Xana through a series of adventures proves herself meritorious.
People are given great freedom to do whatever they do well, but abusing others is not allowed. Abusers are prevented from ever repeating their wrong acts. People should keep the fruits of their labor, but also be required to do useful work and not be allowed to become welfare parasites. The society of Xana is both gender neutral and age neutral. Talented children are valued by the queen. On nearly every page there are allegories about what constitutes good government, good education, good service. These allegories may be controversial, and provoke argumentation and discussion.
People who admire strong women, like occasional sexual innuendos, and whose sympathies lie with the common people ahead of the fabulously wealthy, will find much to like in "The Queen of Xana." Diehard conservatives probably won't like it.


What on the floor? Local professionals are there to help Today, highlights of their kitchen include: Brookhaven cabinets by Wood-Mode in a medium-cherry finish with brushed-nickel knobs and pulls; sloped tin ceiling painted a light neutral; skylights Painting Floor, Black Painted Wood Floors, Black Wood Floor, Painted Floors Diy, Painted Wood Floors Black, Black Painted Floors, Painted Floors Wood, Paint Wood Floor, Painted Black Floor The Trials and Tribulations of a Painted Floor seems like a Use Wood Card Catalog For Small Parts and Fasteners You can find but if you don't have a good security than your leaving yourself and your organizing vulnerable. Another great flooring option that you could explore is to install some ceramic tile Q: I have a problem with trying to remove all of the carpet padding over hardwood floors in my living We would like to refinish the floors if we can get all the padding off. Any ideas will be helpful. We estimate the padding to be around 40 years "My latest obsession is Valslides by Valerie Waters. You can use them anywhere, on hardwood floors or carpet. I do lunges, push-ups, pikes and ab work with them." When she's on-set shooting Blindspot she works out with the TRX band and jump rope she about eco-friendly hardwood flooring. "It looks like real wood; it feels like real wood, but it's not." Looking for alternative home renovation ideas? Watch! At [4:16] NICK FOSTER, Executive Director of Columbia's Voluntary Action Center, tells us about a .
Take a look at the following types of hardwood flooring and take the best pick for your kitchen's floor, for example. Or else, cover almost every room in your house with hardwood, because it's the most recognized method to enhance the coziness and comfort What are some themes and research ideas that you are focusing on now future of manufacturing using materials that are naturally used in architecture, such as wood and cement, in unnatural ways, while also testing out completely novel materials I think it's such a fun way to add a burst of color and pattern to a room and it instantly breathes new life into old wood floors that might Here are 10 ideas to inspire pretty painted floors! left over flooring and a bucket of the VINYL adhesive he used to glue down a 5" maple floor. For those of you visitors, the installer should have used a wood to concrete adhesive with a vapor barrier, because concrete wicks moisture from the ground. .


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Cameron here from England, im looking for Clara, from Philippines. So clara if you read this i want to tell you that i am very sorry i accidentally click the ad. I dont want you to think that i dont want to talk with you or you are boring coz youre not. Your awesome to talk to.i hope you still remember me. We talk about travelling,sports etc. You are amazing. So again. Clara its me cameron with ,green eyes ,tall and white . Please reply please.


Tom MacFain*, 31, was recently made redundant from his job. As part of his package, Tom's firm arranged an outplacement support programme for him with CareerBalance Ltd.
I was concerned that there weren't too many job openings at the more junior end of the job market. I needed professional advice on navigating the job market and securing a job quickly. I was feeling low on confidence and down about my redundancy. I noticed friends in similar situations were taking a long time to find new jobs and I was nervous.
CareerBalance instilled me with confidence and showed me the strengths of my CV. My career coach & counsellor encouraged me to broaden the scope of my job search. Instead of just going through on-line job sites, the trade press, and recruitment consultants, he helped me to make a list of the companies I'd really like to work for so I could target these directly. He also encouraged me to improve my profile on LinkedIn and to engage in some of the specialist discussion groups. I soon found my job via an alert on LinkedIn. The process made me realise there are many more jobs out there than the recruiters can put in front of you.
I had a second job interview scheduled just after my second session with CareerBalance. They coached me for my interview. They predicted the questions I'd be asked, and they encouraged me to take more time thinking through my responses before answering. They helped me to research the company and the sector so I would ask questions at the interview to demonstrate my knowledge. I also rehearsed how I would explain my departure from my previous job and how I demonstrate that I was a good fit for the role.
That session with CareerBalance prepared me to hammer home my skills to my interviewers. I knew that the real interview would not be tougher. Fortunately, I had lots of opportunity to ask questions and prove my interest in my prospective employers, while appearing keen and intelligent.
Without CareerBalance's help I wouldn't have been as positive in my outlook. Even if I hadn't found my job via LinkedIn relatively quickly, the preparation gave me confidence. CareerBalance helped me set up a plan of action rather than wait for the phone to ring.
It's going well. I'm going back to see CareerBalance once I've been here for two months. We're going to talk about what I want from my new role and where I see myself going in the medium term.
Yes, I'd definitely recommend CareerBalance to people in a similar situation. I value the the tips and skills I've learned from my sessions.


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text:
Thursday, July 30 • 10:00am - 10:30am
Discovering the Influence of Socioeconomic Factors On Online Game Behaviors
With the rapid growth of popularity of online games in recent years, research has increased the knowledge about game playing behaviors and some demographic correlates, such as age and gender. Contributing to this line of research, we further examined the associations of socioeconomic factors (education, employment, income, and poverty status) and demographic characteristics (age, gender, and race/ethnicity) with online gaming behaviors (player count, total game sessions, total actions taken, and maximum level reached). We focused on one form of online games, Massively Multiplayer Online Games (MMOGs), which has received much attention recently. Analyses were conducted by extracting and linking the related data from the EverQuest II game logs, a popular form of MMOGs, and the summarized U.S. Census data for the zip-code areas of players from the state of Illinois (n=495). This study was performed on Gordon, a supercomputer hosted at San Diego Supercomputer center.
Results from multiple regression analyses indicated positive associations between education rate (Bachelor's degree or above) and employment rate (for 16 years or older) at the zip-code level with game playing behaviors. The impact of median income on gaming behaviors appeared to operate through education and employment. Although male players outnumbered female players, female players tended to play more games sessions and take more actions. Results also indicated that a higher percentage of white population in a geography area seemed to be negatively related to game playing activities. These study findings provide valuable information and highlight the importance of further research and theoretical development in this area.
Dora Cai
Dahai Guo
Min Zhan
Thursday July 30, 2015 10:00am - 10:30am CDT
Accelerating Discovery, Simulation III: Social Sciences


text:
HISPANIC HERITAGE: Heroes, groundbreakers hailed at Hispanic American Month event
Posted on October 22, 2015 By Dana Rimington, Special to the Hilltop Times Category: Lifetimes
HILL AIR FORCE BASE — In light of Hispanic American Observance Month, Hill Air Force Base took time toe celebrate the contributions of Hispanics in the country and on base.
Alma Orosco, chair of the Hispanic American Heritage Observance Committee, pointed out to an audience at the Hubbard Golf Course last week that throughout the years, Hispanic Americans have played an integral role in the nation's success.
"For many of us, Hispanics are envisioned as immigrant workers, cheap laborers, non-English-speaking individuals or any number of media-driven portrayals such as Jennifer Lopez, Ricky Martin, Edward James Olmos, Carlos Santana, all easily recognizable influential Hispanics," Orosco said.
"But what about Cesar Chavez and Dolores Huerta, who coined the term 'Sí, se puede' in 1972 during the farm workers strike; and Dr. Ellen Ochoa, the first Hispanic woman in space; Sonia Sotomayor, the first Latina Supreme Court Justice in U.S history; Mario Molina of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, who shared a Nobel Prize in chemistry for research that raised awareness of the threat that chlorofluorocarbons pose to the Earth's protective ozone layer; and without Hispanic physicist Luis Alvarez's theory on the asteroid that destroyed the dinosaurs some 65 million years ago, that frequently asked question would still be unanswered."
Sean Reyes, Attorney General for the State of Utah, also spoke. Not mentioning him by name, Reyes referred to a recent presidential candidate's comments about Hispanics. Donald Trump in June accused Mexican immigrants of bringing crime and drugs to the United States.
"I don't know what Hispanics he was referring to, but I want to tell you about the ones I know," Reyes said, such as Don Salazar, the first member of the U.S. Chamber of Commerce from the state of Utah. "He took care of his business and his family, opening up a small day care in Ogden for Latino kids because no one would take them. Now he mentors numerous small businesses so they can stand on their own feet."
Reyes also spoke of Utah's only Hispanic Medal of Honor recipient, Pfc. Jose Valdez, who saved his crew during a counterattack by German enemies in January 25, 1945. Even though Valdez was struck by a bullet, he continued delivering a protective screen of bullets until all members of his unit were safe. He later died from his wounds.
"There are contributions from our Hispanic community in every aspect of our society, which cannot be adequately summed up in a few words," Reyes said. "The Hispanic culture is so interwoven in who we are as Americans that you can't parse it out. I want to acknowledge people of all walks of life who have contributed to the American dream, and hopefully we will remember to always embrace the truth and beauties of every culture in order to stay strong into the future."
Orosco said observing National Hispanic American Heritage month is about reflecting on the history of a people who were part of America long before the birth of the United States.
"The blending of various Hispanics' identities, cultures, traditions and lifestyles makes America culturally Hispanic without many of us even realizing it," Orosco said. "Hispanics were among the earliest European settlers in the New World, and Hispanics as a people, like their many cultures, share a rich history and diversity. Not only did Hispanic culture help shape and define America's early political development, but they have also played an important role in helping to secure the birth of the new republic, America."
Tag: Hill Air Force BaseHispanic American Heritage Month
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"Making a film is not the same as building an airplane"
Following a panel of four Tiger Competition filmmakers in discussion with IFFR festival director Bero Beyer, I was greeted by a festival delegate— given Rotterdam's highly interactive atmosphere, this was not at all unusual. Our conversation veered toward gender representation, a topic of much debate in the cinema landscape. The Berlinale had just signed the 50/50 by 2020 gender parity initiative launched at Cannes last year. What did I, mere journalist, make of these efforts toward equality?
Despite its good intentions, the 50/50 by 2020 initiative feels strangely hollow— a symbolic gesture that will, in practical terms, do very little to address the root problems of unequal representation. First there is the fact that, more often than not, a festival premiere represents one of the final stages in a film's life cycle; imposing a quota in festival line-ups will only spotlight the works of female directors lucky enough to have made a film in the first place. Female representation on curatorial boards will similarly do little to get female-helmed projects made. Second, such a singular focus on gender representation has the potential to exacerbate other forms of exclusion— racial, ethnic, non-binary, socioeconomic, political— to say nothing of intersectionality. These voices will remain adrift. Lastly, quotas not only violate a festival's right to blind selection, but are patronizing to female filmmakers who wish for their works to be judged on their own merits. So where does that leave the very real issue of female representation on the festival circuit, and beyond?
The 48th edition of the International Film Festival Rotterdam coincided not only with the 30-year anniversary of the Hubert Bals fund— among the most reputed sources of support for filmmakers historically marginalized or excluded from traditional funding schemes— but also the festival's most ambitious programming to date. Masterclasses with filmmakers Carlos Reygadas, Claire Denis, Jia Zhangke, and Alfredo Jaar unfolded alongside a Freedom Lecture with Agnieszka Holland and a Call to Action for at-risk filmmakers. Audiovisual experiments included Jean-Luc Godard's Le livre d'image in its originally-intended installation format, and a deep focus at the city's Kunsthal. This latter project, entitled Blackout and extending beyond the festival, interrogates privilege and forms of exclusion via an embodied spectatorial experience— as a 35mm carousel slide projector flickers images across Rotterdam's cavernous art museum, one's attention is drawn toward the space between images, to the images conspicuously absent. What stories get to be told, and which remain hidden? Lingering on rather than eliding complex issues of representation, Blackout delves into questions of individual and collective identity that form not only the basis of cinema but also of art, culture, and society.
It is interesting that Rotterdam never signed the 50/50 by 2020 pledge. Rather, public engagement prevails over platitudes at the Benelux festival, and the fight for inclusion consists in cultivating a new consciousness. The majority of IFFR's public screenings are sold out, providing a rare opportunity for non-industry audiences to engage with these works and reward the pursuits of marginalized filmmakers. This year Zhu Shengze's Present.Perfect. took home the Tiger Competition and Ena Sendijarević's Take Me Somewhere Nice the Special Jury Award; the Youth Jury Award went to Alice Rohrwacher's Lazzaro Felice. Other stand-out films include Miko Revereza's No Data Plan, a stunning passage through the vicissitudes of undocumented existence in America, and Seus ossos e seus olhos (Your Bones and Your Eyes), Caetano Gotardo's poetic meditation on love, loss and non-normative sexuality in contemporary Brazil— portraits made all the more urgent by their respective countries' political landscapes.
Read Filmatique's interviews with IFFR filmmakers Zhu Shengze, Ena Sendijarević and Miko Revereza and review of No Data Plan.


Heck, maybe next post we'll have grass seed on there. In all seriousness though, it is supposed to rain the next few days which bums me out because I wanted to get done this week. I want to see mulch in there!! :/ Patience, Patience!