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China: Targeted, Efficient Anti-Pollution Measures to Come
China wants to make long-term environmental improvements while juggling long-term economic growth.
China's Ministry of Ecology and Environment (MEE) announced that more efficient and targeted measures against pollution will be adopted in 2019.
RELATED: China Gets Ready to Boost Consumption, Economic Reform in 2019
"We will coordinate environmental protection with economic development," the MEE said in a statement and added that such an approach "will not relax the [protection] targets or ease the crackdown on violators."
The push for new environmental measures comes in a moment when the Chinese economy is facing downward pressures due to the United States trade war against China.
Despite this adverse external factor, Chinese planners have promised to put an end to a "growth at all costs" economic model which has blackened its skies and contaminated large stretches of its water and soil.
China's government just embarked on a winter campaign against polluters in a dozen smog-prone provinces and regions. Environmental compliance has become thus a key test of political loyalty among local officials.
However, at the same time, these officials must also keep the economy on track, which is a difficult task to achieve since China's third-quarter growth is at its lowest since the 2008 global financial crisis.
"Local governments in the polluting regions are working hard to reduce air pollution but also are exhausted," said Zhu Shu, the regional director of the East Asia Secretariat of the International Council for Local Environmental Initiatives (ICLEI), an NGO that helps local governments tackle pollution.
To achieve a balance between economic growth and environmental protection could be a contradictory task.
While China's Government abandoned production cuts in heavy industry as part of its campaign against pollution and allowed local authorities to adopt measures based on regional emission levels, declining air quality in northern China has stirred concerns that authorities are easing up on violations.
In Beijing, the average concentration of lung-damaging particulate matter smaller than 2.5 microns (PM2.5) jumped upwards 61 percent in November compared with the same month last year. In a group of smog-prone 26 northern cities, PM2.5 readings rose 33 percent in the same period.
For the first 11 months of the year, air quality in Linfen which has become China's main coal mining center, was the worst among the 169 cities nationwide.
"China's environmental protection campaign is facing multiple pressures...Some regions have weakened their cognition of the significance of the environment amid economic downstream pressure and we have seen imbalanced work progress in different places," said the MEE.
The MEE has scheduled a second round of national environmental inspections in 2019 and vowed to win the war against air pollution.
Up to the end of November, the MEE said it has issued 166,210 notices of penalty decisions to environmental regulation violators, with fines totaling US$1.98 billion.
@mattwardio
#China built a tower that acts like 'the world's biggest air purifier,' and it actually works #AirPollution #Sustainability #emissions #pollution https://buff.ly/2V2yUdw
Air Pollution Kills 600,000 Children Each Year: World Health Organization
Geneva: Exposure to toxic air both indoors and out kills some 600,000 children under the age of 15 each year, the World Health Organization warned Monday.
Data from the UN health body shows that every day, 93 percent of children under the age of 15 -- a full 1.8 billion youngsters, including 630 million under the age of five -- breath dangerously polluted air.
This has tragic consequences: In 2016 alone, some 600,000 children died from acute lower respiratory infections caused by polluted air, the WHO report found.
"Polluted air is poisoning millions of children and ruining their lives," WHO chief Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus said in a statement.
"This is inexcusable. Every child should be able to breathe clean air so they can grow and fulfil their full potential."
According to WHO data, more than nine out of 10 people on the planet breath dangerously toxic air, causing some seven million premature deaths each year.
Air pollution is especially dangerous for children, and accounts for nearly one in 10 deaths among children under five around the globe, the report found.
WHO's study, which examined the health toll on children breathing health-hazardous levels of both outdoor and household air pollution, focused on dangerous particulate matter with a diameter of less than 2.5 micrometres (PM2.5).
These include toxins like sulfate and black carbon, which pose the greatest health risks since they can penetrate deep into the lungs or cardiovascular system.
The report found that children in poorer countries are far more at risk, with a full 98 percent of all children under five in low- and middle-income countries exposed to PM2.5 levels above WHO air quality guidelines.
That compares to 52 percent in high-income countrie, WHO said.
Triggers asthma, cancer
Together, household air pollution from cooking and outdoor air pollution cause more than half of all cases of acute lower respiratory infections in young children in low- and middle-income countries, WHO said.
The report, launched ahead of the WHO's first ever Global Conference on Air Pollution and Health, revealed that when pregnant women are exposed to polluted air, they are more likely to give birth prematurely and have small, low birthweight children.
It found that children are often more vulnerable to the impact of air pollution since they breath more rapidly than adults, and thus absorb more pollutants at a time when their brains and bodies are still developing.
They also live closer to the ground, where a number of pollutants reach peak concentrations, WHO said, pointing out that newborns and young children are also more susceptible to household air pollution in homes that use polluting fuels for cooking, heating and lighting.
Air pollution can impact a child's development and cognitive ability, and can trigger asthma and childhood cancer, WHO said.
Children who have been exposed to high levels of air pollution may also be at greater risk for chronic diseases like cardiovascular disease later in life, it said.
"Air pollution is stunting our children's brains, affecting their health in more ways than we suspected," warned Maria Neira, the head of the WHO's department of public health and environment.
The UN health body is calling for an acceleration of the switch to clean cooking and heating fuels, and for the promotion of cleaner transportation, lower emissions, and better waste management, among other measures.
"The world needs to reduce the overdependance we have on fossil (fuel), and accelerate to clean, renewable energy," Neira told reporters in a conference call.
Air pollution contributes significantly to diabetes globally
New research links outdoor air pollution -- even at levels deemed safe -- to an increased risk of diabetes globally, according to a study from Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis and the Veterans Affairs (VA) St. Louis Health Care System.
The findings raise the possibility that reducing pollution may lead to a drop in diabetes cases in heavily polluted countries such as India and less polluted ones such as the United States.
Diabetes is one of the fastest growing diseases, affecting more than 420 million people worldwide and 30 million Americans. The main drivers of diabetes include eating an unhealthy diet, having a sedentary lifestyle, and obesity, but the new research indicates the extent to which outdoor air pollution plays a role.
"Our research shows a significant link between air pollution and diabetes globally," said Ziyad Al-Aly, MD, the study's senior author and an assistant professor of medicine at Washington University. "We found an increased risk, even at low levels of air pollution currently considered safe by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the World Health Organization (WHO). This is important because many industry lobbying groups argue that current levels are too stringent and should be relaxed. Evidence shows that current levels are still not sufficiently safe and need to be tightened."
The findings are published June 29 in The Lancet Planetary Health.
While growing evidence has suggested a link between air pollution and diabetes, researchers have not attempted to quantify that burden until now. "Over the past two decades, there have been bits of research about diabetes and pollution," Al-Aly said. "We wanted to thread together the pieces for a broader, more solid understanding."
To evaluate outdoor air pollution, the researchers looked at particulate matter, airborne microscopic pieces of dust, dirt, smoke, soot and liquid droplets. Previous studies have found that such particles can enter the lungs and invade the bloodstream, contributing to major health conditions such as heart disease, stroke, cancer and kidney disease. In diabetes, pollution is thought to reduce insulin production and trigger inflammation, preventing the body from converting blood glucose into energy that the body needs to maintain health.
Overall, the researchers estimated that pollution contributed to 3.2 million new diabetes cases globally in 2016, which represents about 14 percent of all new diabetes cases globally that year. They also estimated that 8.2 million years of healthy life were lost in 2016 due to pollution-linked diabetes, representing about 14 percent of all years of healthy life lost due to diabetes from any cause. (The measure of how many years of healthy life are lost is often referred to as "disability-adjusted life years.")
In the United States, the study attributed 150,000 new cases of diabetes per year to air pollution and 350,000 years of healthy life lost annually.
The Washington University team, in collaboration with scientists at the Veterans Affairs' Clinical Epidemiology Center, examined the relationship between particulate matter and the risk of diabetes by first analyzing data from 1.7 million U.S. veterans who were followed for a median of 8.5 years. The veterans did not have histories of diabetes. The researchers linked that patient data with the EPA's land-based air monitoring systems as well as space-borne satellites operated by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). They used several statistical models and tested the validity against controls such as ambient air sodium concentrations, which have no link to diabetes, and lower limb fractures, which have no link to outdoor air pollution, as well as the risk of developing diabetes, which exhibited a strong link to air pollution. This exercise helped the researchers weed out spurious associations.
Then, they sifted through all research related to diabetes and outdoor air pollution and devised a model to evaluate diabetes risk across various pollution levels.
Finally, they analyzed data from the Global Burden of Disease study, which is conducted annually with contributions from researchers worldwide. The data helped to estimate annual cases of diabetes and healthy years of life lost due to pollution.
The researchers also found that the overall risk of pollution-related diabetes is tilted more toward lower-income countries such as India that lack the resources for environmental mitigation systems and clean-air policies. For instance, poverty-stricken countries facing a higher diabetes-pollution risk include Afghanistan, Papua New Guinea and Guyana, while richer countries such as France, Finland and Iceland experience a lower risk. The U.S. experiences a moderate risk of pollution-related diabetes.
In the U.S., the EPA's pollution threshold is 12 micrograms per cubic meter of air, the highest level of air pollution considered safe for the public, as set by the Clean Air Act of 1990 and updated in 2012. However, using mathematical models, Al-Aly's team established an increased diabetes risk at 2.4 micrograms per cubic meter of air. Based on VA data, among a sample of veterans exposed to pollution at a level of between 5 to 10 micrograms per cubic meter of air, about 21 percent developed diabetes. When that exposure increases to 11.9 to 13.6 micrograms per cubic meter of air, about 24 percent of the group developed diabetes. A 3 percent difference appears small, but it represents an increase of 5,000 to 6,000 new diabetes cases per 100,000 people in a given year.
In October 2017, The Lancet Commission on pollution and health published a report outlining knowledge gaps on pollution's harmful health effects. One of its recommendations was to define and quantify the relationship between pollution and diabetes.
"The team in St. Louis is doing important research to firm up links between pollution and health conditions such as diabetes," said commission member Philip J. Landrigan, MD, a pediatrician and epidemiologist who is the dean for global health at Mount Sinai School of Medicine in New York and chair of its Department of Preventive Medicine. "I believe their research will have a significant global impact."
Published in Sci & Tech
Air pollutants linked to abnormal fetal growth
The findings, published in the International Journal of Epidemiology, were based on data collected from more than 8,000 women in Lanzhou, China from 2010 to 2012.
The researchers said that, to their knowledge, it is the first study of its kind to be conducted in areas with very high air pollution levels.
"There is a lack of studies investigating the association between air pollution and fetal overgrowth," said Yawei Zhang, M.D., associate professor at YSPH. "We analyzed data from Lanzhou Birth Cohort Study to investigate the hypothesis that exposure to high levels of PM10 during pregnancy increases the risk of abnormal fetal growth, including both undergrowth and overgrowth, to determine if and how expectant mothers could protect themselves from possible contributing pollutants."
In collaboration with researchers from the Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child Care Hospital, the Yale scientists collected the daily average concentration for PM10—a diverse class of air pollution with health implications—from the government monitoring stations in Lanzhou. Using ultrasound measures of four fetal growth parameters during pregnancy, the researchers examined the associations between PM10 exposure and risk of abnormal fetal growth.
The researchers consistently identified positive associations between higher levels of exposure to a mixture of pollutants from car fumes, industry emissions, or construction activities and fetal head circumference overgrowth, they said.
Pregnant women's home and work addresses were collected through in-person interviews, and researchers calculated daily PM10 concentrations by incorporating each participant's home and work addresses.
Zhang says the novel finding that high levels of PM10 are associated with risk of overgrowth should be confirmed by other studies in different populations, and that it is also important to identify the specific pollutants that are responsible for this association by investigating the components of PM10.
"Our results have important public health implications and call for future studies to explore the underlying mechanisms and postnatal consequences to the findings," says Zhang. "We are going to replicate the findings in another birth cohort and will continue to identify individuals who are more susceptible to air pollution."
Women in the region may lower the risk of fetal overgrowth by choosing their inception time and reducing their outdoor activities during the days with high air pollution, said Zhang.
Pregnant women who came to the Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child Care Hospital for delivery in 2010-2012 and who were 18 years or older with gestation age of more than 20 weeks were eligible to participate in this study.
Pollution Kills 1.7 Million Children Each Year: WHO
Generva: Each year, environmental pollutants lead to the death of an estimated 1.7 million children under five, the World Health Organisation (WHO) said in a new report on Monday.
The causes include unsafe water, lack of sanitation, poor hygiene practices and indoor and outdoor pollution, as well as injuries.
The new numbers equate to these pollutants being the cause of one in four deaths of children one month to five years old, CNN reported.
"A polluted environment is a deadly one -- particularly for young children," Margaret Chan, the WHO director-general, said in a statement.
"Their developing organs and immune systems, and smaller bodies and airways, make them especially vulnerable to dirty air and water."
Infants exposed to indoor or outdoor air pollution, including secondhand smoke, have an increased risk of pneumonia during childhood as well as an increased risk of chronic respiratory diseases -- such as asthma -- for the rest of their lives, the report stated.
The global body also highlighted the increased risk of heart disease, stroke and cancer from exposure to air pollution.
However, new report highlights that the most common causes -- diarrhea, malaria and pneumonia -- of child death are preventable through interventions like insecticide-treated bed nets, clean cooking fuels and improved access to clean water, are already available to the communities most affected, reports CNN.
Other potential pollution prevention solutions mentioned in the report are removing mould and pests from housing, removing lead paint, ensuring sanitation and good nutrition at schools and using better urban planning to create more green spaces in cities.
E-cigs contain a million times more cancer-causing chemicals than polluted air – Hong Kong study
The Hong Kong Council on Smoking and Health is calling for a full ban on e-cigarettes after a study they commissioned discovered that e-cigarettes contain a million more cancer-causing substances than polluted air.


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Home › Refugee Tales: Volume III
Refugee Tales: Volume III
With nationalism and the far right on the rise across Europe and North America, there has never been a more important moment to face up to what we, in Britain, are doing to those who seek sanctuary. Still the UK detains people indefinitely under immigration rules. Bail hearings go unrecorded, people are picked up without notice, individuals feel abandoned in detention centres with no way of knowing when they will be released.
In Refugee Tales III we read the stories of people who have been through this process, many of whom have yet to see their cases resolved and who live in fear that at any moment they might be detained again. Poets, novelists and writers have once again collaborated with people who have experienced detention, their tales appearing alongside first-hand accounts by people who themselves have been detained. What we hear in these stories are the realities of the hostile environment, the human costs of a system that disregards rights, that denies freedoms and suspends lives.
Published 27/06/2019 in United Kingdom as part of the Refugee Tales series
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


A monster appears in a nearby lake, nesting in it. The following day S.S.P. has issues with the plumbing, as Jetta cannot deal with the criticism from his commentary on their kaiju reports. Jetta tries to cool off with a shower, but discovers the water makes him smell terribly and he rushes to a local bathhouse. At the bathhouse Jetta finds Gai there, attempting to bath however they both discover the water in the area is all putrid. S.S.P. proceeds to investigate the situation, as Naomi's uncle comes to see if they have any leads for VTL to aid them in their on-going search and luckily enough Shin discovers another ancient story relating to the kaiju, Maga Jappa. S.S.P. along with Naomi's uncle then proceed to the lake, whereas Gai has already arrived at the lake area, and attempts to confront the monster as Juggler appears to stop him. Juggler then tempts Gai to revert back to his former ways, and the two proceed to fight for Gai's Orb Ring.
S.S.P. attempts to stall Maga Jappa who proceeding towards Tokyo with an invention Shin made called the SAP gun, and during the diversion Naomi's uncle is seemingly killed. Gai finally transforms into Orb to fight Jappa, but has a hard time confronting the monster due to its foul smell and gaseous attacks. Gai then proceeds to fuse the Ultraman Tao and Mebius Ultra Cards to unlock his newest form, Burnmite! In the form Orb is excessively stronger, and easily defeats Jappa with Stobium Dynamite. Following Jappa's defeat S.S.P. comes to realization that Shibukawa (Naomi's uncle) is dead, or so they think as he seemingly reappears and is coming unsure of his survival; while Gai discovers the Ultra Card within Jappa was Ultraman Jack. The day fully comes to an end when the entire team visits the bathhouse, to finally relieve themselves of Jappa's putrid stench.
Episode 3 began with some pretty decent comedy with the broken sink at the S.S.P. office, as well as introduced a subplot that was to develop Jetta's character. The subplot was Jetta being upset with the negative criticism towards his commentary on their coverage of Ultraman Orb's appearances however, as the episode continued on that element seemingly almost faded out of existence. What brought back this sub-plot and Jetta's ability to overcome this issue is Jetta's will to want the team to continue on their cases amidst the danger when warned by Naomi's uncle to turn back. However, after that nothing amounts from that development, as while he records the fight between Ultraman Orb and Jappa, Jetta barely provides any commentary; it is as he just thought to stop treating it like a wrestling event or a boxing match, or the writers simply dropped the ball and forgot they were trying to develop a character. To be honest the episode felt more focused on bathing and proper bathing etiquette to maintain good hygiene than Jetta.
Aside from the Jetta sub-plot there was one other awkward thing about the episode that immediately stood out as either bad writing or can be foreshadowing towards an event to come, and what I am referring to is Captain Shibukawa's surviving the attack that should have killed or severely injured him. I do not want to think that Shibukawa's survival was poor writing and I really do not it to be that because it would personally devalue my enjoyment of the overall series. What I am hoping for is that Shibukawa is either maybe another Ultra in disguise, or has some unknown ability, like he is some sort of alien and he is not a direct blood relative to Naomi. It is asking for a lot, but I am hoping something comes out of this near death experience. The other noticeable thing from the episode is that Juggler hints that Gai was evil once, which if it's true it could be a callback to Ultraman Tiga.
Now as for the Tokusatsu aspect of the show, it was truly interesting since there was a new original kaiju and the debut of Orb's form Burnmite. For our new kaiju, Maga-Jappa, I immediately found the design of its face to be terribly campy, mostly due to its trunk/ trumpet like nose whereas the rest of the body looked great and enjoyed its suction cup ability. I found its stench feature to be odd however I found out later that the monster is a tribute to Hedorah, so it sort makes up for why it's terrible. Yet, as for Orb's Burnmite form I thought there would be of a lead up or a scene that made Gai understand to fusion Taro and Mebius together to get him specifically out the mess he was in, but that was not the case and it was practically luck of the draw. The fusion though however makes sense since the two are master and student. Burnmite looks excellent using Mebius's Burning Brave like patterns with Taro's head sculpt, as well as seems to be Orb's strongest form at the moment. It best highlight is that Burmite's signature attack Stobium Dynamite is a variation of the Ultra Dynamite, one of Taro's and Mebius' greatest moves which is also one of my personal favorite attacks. This episode also featured a longer battle, and was honestly an added plus in my book.
To close out this review, all I can say is that this episode felt like there were too many things either going on and caused a subtle confliction with what possibly the audience was to obtain from the episode outside of enjoyment. Was the audience supposed to learn to come over adversity of negative criticism, was it about bathing, or was it both? I am forced to say that it was probably both, because this episode's focus was just that freaking weird! The only good things out of the episode were the fights, and the debut of Burmite. Luckily next episode has the return of an iconic kaiju, Pandon, and Orb attempts to get close to achieve his next form, Hurricane Slash!


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YouTube Removes Viral Video of Doctors Disagreeing with Coronavirus Health Directives
Posted by Bruce Hausknecht | Apr 30, 2020 | Free Speech
Citing its "Community Guidelines," YouTube took down a viral video of two California doctors holding a press conference in which they disputed the need for quarantines, the closures of businesses and even the need for masks.
The doctors, Dan Erickson and Artin Massihi of Bakersfield, California, discussed their findings based on their clinical experience and treatment of over 5,000 COVID-19 patients. Claiming that government and medical authorities had ramped up fear with dire predictions of over two million deaths in the U.S. alone, the doctors observed that people were not going to the hospital for other necessary treatments and operations not related to COVID-19. People suffering heart attacks and strokes were not calling for ambulances, for example, putting their lives in further jeopardy. Emergency rooms are nearly empty around the country, the doctors pointed out, as people needing emergency treatment feared exposure to COVID-19. That's not a good thing. The doctors asked whether anyone is tracking deaths related to these unintended consequences of the coronavirus hype.
The press conference was taped by a local news outlet and uploaded to the outlet's YouTube account. In the space of a few days, the video was removed by YouTube, even though it had received over five million views by then. The video has made its way onto other platforms such as Facebook without incident.
YouTube issued a statement to press outlets explaining its actions, including one to The Daily Wire:
"We quickly remove flagged content that violate our Community Guidelines, including content that explicitly disputes the efficacy of local health authority recommended guidance on social distancing that may lead others to act against that guidance," YouTube spokesperson Ivy Choi told The Daily Wire in an emailed statement Tuesday. "However, content that provides sufficient educational, documentary, scientific or artistic (EDSA) context is allowed — for example, news coverage of this interview with additional context. From the very beginning of the pandemic, we've had clear policies against COVID-19 misinformation and are committed to continue providing timely and helpful information at this critical time."
Notice the phrase "disputes the efficacy of local health authority recommended guidance." That nearly incomprehensible word salad means that YouTube is censoring speech that disagrees with government speech on this issue. The Daily Citizen reviewed YouTube's "Community Guidelines" and its special COVID-19 policies and found nothing related to the type of speech contained in the doctors' press conference.
If that isn't frightening enough, YouTube's CEO, Susan Wojcicki has already explained in a CNN interview that it will take down any videos that contradict or challenge conclusions and recommendations of the World Health Organization (WHO). "Anything that is medically unsubstantiated, so people saying, like, 'Take Vitamin C… take turmeric, those cure you,' those are examples of things that would be a violation of our policy. Um, anything that would go against World Health Organization recommendations would be a violation of our policy," Wojcicki said.
The WHO is not exactly to be trusted. Tucker Carlson from Fox News this week pointed out WHO's mistakes thus far: "In mid-January, WHO told us that coronavirus could not spread from person-to-person. In March, they told us that face masks didn't work. Those were lies, and they were welcome on Google's platforms." YouTube is owned by Google.
Social media giants have come under fire for a while for censoring conservative content. But now they have started shutting down any speech from any source that differs from the government's or WHO's position, under the pretense of preventing the spread of harmful misinformation.
We used to tolerate "misinformation" as a necessary price to pay in order to enjoy a robust arena for open exchange of ideas in this country. We learned early on that the remedy for bad speech is not censorship, but more and better speech. "Censorship" is at the heart of the First Amendment in that it prohibits government from blocking messages it disagrees with. Private entities, however, are not bound by the First Amendment and can typically censor and control messages that people place on their platforms. But when those private companies become too large and are so powerful that they become an impediment to the marketplace of ideas, and they side with the government's view of things (or worse, one political party's view), it's necessary for something to change.
Where are the free market solutions to the petty tyrants of YouTube/Google and other social media platforms? People aren't turning in droves to other platforms. We all like the convenience of platforms that everyone else is on, don't we? We all want the views. There's money in it, especially where YouTube is concerned.
We've enjoyed the convenience of the dominant social media giants for far too long. They are slowly using their power to force us to speak and hear only their views. That would be a tragedy, if we allow it to happen.
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Bruce Hausknecht
Bruce Hausknecht, J.D., is an attorney who serves as Focus on the Family's judicial analyst. He is responsible for research and analysis of legal and judicial issues related to Christians and the institution of the family, including First Amendment freedom of religion and free speech issues, judicial activism, marriage, homosexuality and pro-life matters. He also tracks legislation and laws affecting these issues. Prior to joining Focus in 2004, Hausknecht practiced law for 17 years in construction litigation and as an associate general counsel for a large ministry in Virginia. He was also an associate pastor at a church in Colorado Springs for seven years, primarily in worship music ministry. Hausknecht has provided legal analysis and commentary for top media outlets including CNN, ABC News, NBC News, CBS Radio, The New York Times, the Chicago Tribune, The Washington Post, The Washington Times, the Associated Press, the Los Angeles Times, The Wall Street Journal, the Boston Globe and BBC radio. He's also a regular contributor to The Daily Citizen. He earned a bachelor's degree in history from the University of Illinois and his J.D. from Northwestern University School of Law. Hausknecht has been married since 1981 and has three adult children, as well as three adorable grandkids. In his free time, Hausknecht loves getting creative with his camera and capturing stunning photographs of his adopted state of Colorado.
Kentucky Legislature Passes Campus Free Speech Bill
"Conscience is the Most Sacred of All Property"
Hawaii Agrees to Protect Free Speech Rights of Pregnancy Resource Centers
A Pretty Good Week for Free Speech


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		<title>Effects on mental health</title>
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Social Media Usage and its effect on well-being

Usage Statistics

Effects on mental health

Conclusion

-1: negative        0:  neutral          +1: positive

Source: Twitter

Base: 3500 tweets - twitter sentiments for keywords – depression, anxiety, mental health etc.

This bar chart shows the leading reasons why teenagers in the United States feel that social media has a mostly negative effect on people their own age as of April 2018.

 The findings show that 27 percent of surveyed U.S. teens feel that the most negative effect of social people on people their age is bullying and/or rumor spreading.

This bar chart presents a ranking of the most common negative online experiences of global internet users as of June 2016.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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No, you probably just have gas
A new study suggests all those bright lights, tunnels and angels you hear people who have had near death experiences describe are all due to gas, specifically too much C02.
"We found that in those patients who experienced the phenomenon, blood carbon-dioxide levels were significantly higher than in those who did not," said team member Zalika Klemenc-Ketis, of the University of Maribor in Slovenia.
Now it should be pointed out that this is a correlation, not a definite causation. What's the difference? Believe it or not, there was a time not that long ago (I think a couple of centuries or less) when people still believed in spontaneous generation. For instance, ever notice how if you leave trash out, pretty soon there will be bugs and vermin? Well it was believed they spontaneously generated from the trash. That's confusing correlation with causation. Now correlation can point to causation, as with smoking and lung cancer, so it's not necessarily fallacious to conclude a cause from observing correlation, but supporting evidence is still needed.
An example of such evidence would be previous studies involving C02 as well as the mountains of evidence showing that one's mind is dependent upon their brain, therefore making any effect to the brain an effect to the mind. In recent decades we've seen a rise in the use of medication to alter minds, making them less anxious, less depressed, more focused, and to stave off memory loss such as found with Alzheimers and speaking of which, such diseases of the brain clearly demonstrate that affecting the brain affects the mind. Certainly physical damage to the brain can change a mind (ie – Phineas Gage), and who can forget that wonderful brain scene from one of the Silence of the Lambs sequels. Now the C02 levels may or may not be a cause, but it should be accepted that the mind is dependent upon the brain, probably a function or product of it, but yet despite the evidence, many refuse to accept where the evidence points.
The main alternative is that near-death experiences are "evidence of consciousness becoming separated from the physical substrate of the brain, possibly even a glimpse of an afterlife," the University of London's French noted. But for him, at least, "the latest results argue strongly against such a hypothesis."
I would not even humor such nonsense with the word "hypothesis" when speaking in a scientific sense since it's pure speculation based on nothing and with no way to seek evidence for or against it (by that I mean you can't disprove the idea (see falsifiability), but evidence for a rational theory can be evidence against the irrational one). The idea that mind and body are two separate things is called dualism, and one manifestation of this belief is in most religions where some life energy (ie – soul) is believed to exist and within that is the mind, or it is the mind. Not only is there nothing to support such folly, the evidence of affecting brains affects minds at the very least forces such believers to have to account for that. How or why would the brain affect this thing which not only is independent of it, but supposedly survives, intact, after the brain and the rest of the body is dead and gone? I've yet to hear that even attempted, but perhaps there are some creative "hypotheses" out there in Jesusland and the rest of the religious world. No, what you usually get are challenges to whatever scientific theories arise which challenge their unsupportable beliefs, as if defeating such theories magically would prove them correct but that's not how it works. Of course they're not REALLY concerned with proof. In religion, faith is a virtue afterall, isn't it? No, what they want is permission to indulge in their belief, like any junkie, alcoholic, or even anyone with a sweet tooth wants permission to indulge their insatiable needs, so objecting to what discounts their belief in an afterlife or divine creation is merely an attempt to retain permission to believe what they want to believe.
So is seeing a glowing light and angels when having a near death experience a sign of an afterlife, or that you have too much gas? Well that's still unknown, but there's nothing aside from wishing that suggests the former, and there's at least some evidence for the latter, so which would you accept?
» 62910 Commentshttp%3A%2F%2Fyoumademesayit.com%2F2010%2F04%2F11%2Fno-you-probably-just-have-gas%2FNo%2C+you+probably+just+have+gas2010-04-11+13%3A45%3A20PhillyChiefhttp%3A%2F%2Fyoumademesayit.com%2F%3Fp%3D629
62910 Responseshttp%3A%2F%2Fyoumademesayit.com%2F2010%2F04%2F11%2Fno-you-probably-just-have-gas%2FNo%2C+you+probably+just+have+gas2010-04-11+13%3A45%3A20PhillyChiefhttp%3A%2F%2Fyoumademesayit.com%2F%3Fp%3D629 to "No, you probably just have gas"
Parabola, on April 11th, 2010 at 4:44 pm Said:
This is one of those stories that just makes you rub your face with both hands, and break for a coffee.
Larry Wallberg, on April 11th, 2010 at 6:24 pm Said:
Well, I have gas all the time, and I'm still no brighter than I ever was.
PhillyChief, on April 11th, 2010 at 6:57 pm Said:
Yes, that "main alternative" bit prompts a face palm.
That's a good point. But I'd guess that most people near death just assume they're seeing Florida.
Well no worries until you star seeing a tunnel and angels. Btw, why don't you ever hear about devils and fire? I think I've only heard one NDE tale that described a negative place.
desertscope, on April 12th, 2010 at 7:11 pm Said:
Because the kind of people who believes in angels is typically a self-righteous prick.
quantum_flux, on April 12th, 2010 at 11:39 pm Said:
My hypothesis is that carbonated beverages should have some kind of heavenly effect too.
Spanish Inquisitor, on April 14th, 2010 at 12:19 am Said:
Jeez, Larry. Gas doesn't make you brighter. It just makes your wife yell "cut that out" early in the morning.
But you knew that.
Cara, on October 5th, 2018 at 5:26 am Said:
Looks good, thanks for sharing!


The dot-com boom that Kozmo was part of was just the beginning of an ongoing move away from brick-and-mortar storefronts and toward the still-rising power of online commerce. In 2012, consumers are more accustomed than ever to staying at home or in their offices and awaiting the arrival of their lunch, bottle of wine, book or laptop computer. At the same time, appetites for sustainable transportation and locally-sourced products are at an all-time high. It adds up to a lot of potential.
So how will the bike delivery industry seize on that potential and get it right?
Did you have any experience delivering stuff by bike or any other means before starting the company?
I hadn't done other courier work prior to starting the company, but I had experience riding and carrying various loads on my own. I don't have a car, so being able to do all my errands by bike is essential to living car-free.
What kind of stuff do you guys normally deliver, and for what types of clients?
We normally deliver food and basic grocery items like produce, sundries, or drinks. Our main clients are residents, but I hope to expand our business clientele soon to include more restaurants.
How do social media and mobile phone apps factor into your business model?
I've used Twitter to post updates about delivery, find people in need of delivery, and to respond to client feedback. I also use Instagram to show things like deliveries that we make, food from our restaurant clients, and to keep in touch with other couriers. Having a good social media presence is important to staying relevant and "in the know" with our clients. I'm looking into developing an app to help streamline our service with our clients and make ordering even easier.
Can you say a couple things about where you see the company going in the future?
I see us growing to the point where we are a vital service to the citizens of Kansas City, MO and make living here even nicer than it already is. I want people to see how progressive we can be as a Midwest city.


has been found to be an effective way to address many of the contributing factors to eating disorder behaviors.
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An eating disorder is an illness that affects the entire family.� An important part of recovery includes developing and maintaining healthy relationships with family and friends. �This workshop is designed to support and educate parents of children or adults with eating disorders.
Why her/him?� Contributing factors in the development of an eating disorder.
How eating disorders affect your relationship and what to do about it.
Why did I say that?� Healthy vs. unhealthy ways to communicate.
What do I do?� How best to support your loved one.
The role of anxiety and perfectionism and why it matters.
A healthy lifestyle – what does that mean?
Where do I go and what do I do when I need help?
EMAIL ME FOR CURRENT INFORMATION ON GROUPS OR WORKSHOPS.


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Video: Brno Music Marathon 2019
Classical Music Dance Jazz Rock Pop Traditional Folk & Country Clubbing For kids Other
As a UNESCO-listed city of music, Brno has had four festival days full of music and dance. Tens of concerts and performances with hundreds of performers took place at twenty-two music venues. Music in the streets sounded on every corner, but most attention this year was attracted by four rooms by the artist Kateřina Šedá, in which artists of different genres and nationalities took turns. Another attraction was the performances of the British Motionhouse and No Fit State Circus, who repeatedly enchanted the Náměstí Svobody Square with their acrobatic pieces and breathtaking performances. Two large stages were also set up – Dominik Stage on Dominikánské Square and Django Stage on Malinovského Square, on which appeared artists such as Jana Kirschner, Monika Bagárová, minus123minutes or Jan P. Muchow & The Antagonists. Traditionally, the festival was accompanied by the sound of barrel organs whose players met in Brno as part of their 10th international meeting. This year, singer and multi-instrumentalist Tinatin Tsereteli (Hannover) and violinist Nicola Manzan (Bologna) as artists from UNESCO partner cities of music also premiered at the Brno Music Marathon. The atmosphere of the festival is captured in the video below.
Photo from archive of the festival


This book follows Thirds in Thumb Position, Preparatory Studies and presents 46 studies on double-stop thirds for the cello. Beginning with basic shifting and fingered thirds, the book progresses to longer shifting patterns, and ends with a complete scale in thirds. This book can be followed by Thirds in Thumb Position, Book Two.


These brushes may be used in personal and commercial work; credit is not necessary but feedback is always appreciated.
These brushes are provided freely and are not going to be sold in any form (by themselves or as part of any pack). Selling these brushes will result in the seller experiencing gruesome dental implosions.
The brushes included in this set were created by scanning and tweaking some paint marks made with light green watercolor on white paper. They're in their native sizes in the pack, to keep the file size down.
Play with them and show me a sample of what you can do with them!
I always set the spacing to the brushes to maximum so that you can get a constant stream of texture - reduce the spacing for a more lush feel to them but less texture in the middle.


Yes, and this time I mean it! No half marathons to tamper with the recovery process. No foolish 20+ mile weeks the week after because I think I'm better. This time I'm taking the nice and easy approach to gather my running legs back. Last week I made it up to almost 12 miles for the week and this week it should be around 13-15. It's hard to be disciplined about this but if I'm going to get back to 100% I have to.
Last night I attended my first "speed" workout in 4 months. I quote that because though it is our speed workout, I obviously did not partake in my full speed abilities. However, a big win was made by being able to be out there and run without pain. As the assigned group leader for the 9 minute pace group, I took to the controls and dialed the 9 min pace into my legs. My abilities are well known to the team as pacemaster and when I said no one is to go ahead of me, they listened:-) Our workout consisted of a warmup down to the 72nd transverse, one lap of the lower loop and across the transverse then back to the start. For me, I tried to concentrate on form and feeling comfortable about running again. Ever since the injury, I've been severely compensating on the non-injured leg and I had this really awkward running form. Yuck! However, last night I felt fabulous and it felt like those good days I was having back in mid-summer.
I will be at Coogans this weekend but not all out racing. Hey, who can go wrong with a run ending with food and drink?
It's definitely been an experience being on the injured list for this long. Mentally it is very draining and yep, you learn it's a lot easier to dish advice than to take it. Looking back, I think that half marathon really set me back but that's ok. I also think when I started feeling some funky things with my legs I didn't stop fast enough. We live, we learn. I'm just happy to be able to start the engine up again.
I'm definitely on my way back though! No relapses allowed this time!
I'm glad to see you on your way back. Take care of yourself and keep it fun.


The Apache Maven team would like to announce the release of Maven Based on the concept of a project object model (POM), Maven can manage a. alspizzeriatx.com2 apache-maven alspizzeriatx.com [PARENTDIR] Parent Directory - [ ] alspizzeriatx.com2 M [TXT] alspizzeriatx.com [ ].
13 Nov Maven The Apache Maven team would like to announce the release of Maven Maven is available for download. Maven is a. Apache Maven What is it? Maven is a software project management and comprehension tool. Based on the concept of a Project Object Model (POM). 11 Dec Maven Install. Windows. Download and install Maven (at least version ) from the Apache Maven Project site. Add \bin to. 11 Aug I'm proud to announce the release of Apache Maven This release aims to fix some critical regressions introduced in Maven , along. This command install latest version of maven. wget alspizzeriatx.com dist/maven/maven-2//binaries/apache-mavenbin.
This library is used to not only read Maven project object model files, but to assemble inheritence and to retrieve remote models as required. "Hi, I could not run ""mvn Clean install"" in cmd prompt, as my proxy server would not allow to download any jar files. Is there any solution to work with it or is. 27 Jul Extract the distribution archive into your installation directory of choice, e.g. /opt/ maven/apache-maven Confirm that you have installed. 15 Aug Replacing Maven 3.x with Maven on OS X Mountain Lion Apache Maven (r; +) Maven home.


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Home Endorsements Lieutenant Governor – Marko Liias
Lieutenant Governor – Marko Liias
Admin May 7, 2020 May 30, 2020 Endorsements
Legislative Questionnaire
Candidate Name: Marko Liias
Position Sought: Lieutenant Governor (Non-incumbent)
Home Legislative District: 21st Legislative District
Manager or Point of Contact: Nick Juno, (425) 903-0916, nick@markoforwa.com
Address: 401 2nd Ave S, Ste. 303, Seattle, WA 98104
Website: http://markoforwa.com/
Email: marko@markoforwa.com
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/markoliiaspage/
Twitter: https://twitter.com/MarkoLiias
I'm a lifelong Washingtonian from a middle-class immigrant family, the first in my family to go to college at Georgetown University before going on to earn my MPA from University of Washington, a college professor at Everett Community College, and a proud union member with AFT Everett Higher Education Local 1873. Right out of college I started my own business to be a better part of my community and paired that with public service starting with my first election to the Mukilteo City Council. I followed my time at the city with representing the people of the 21st District first in the State House of Representatives, and for the last 6 years in the State Senate.
My story, growing up in a middle-class family in a safe neighborhood with great schools and caring teachers, where everything seemed possible if you worked hard, is what I hope for every Washingtonian. As the first Millennial elected to state office, I have been driven by a relentless desire to make sure that the voices of future generations are heard in the decisions we make today – that is why I helped lead the movement to ban coal power in our state and transition to a clean energy future. My passion for public service was sparked by the people who helped me reach my potential and the community I loved so much that I wanted to give back. Every day I walk into the Capitol building, that foundation is what inspires me to keep going. And that is why I am running for Lt. Governor.
The Lt. Governor presides over the State Senate, but also serves as number two in the Executive Branch, all while running a small state agency. As Lt. Governor, I will build on the strong foundation that Lt. Governor Habib has set down expanding opportunities through higher education, international partnerships and progressive leadership in the Senate. This unique combination of responsibilities makes it an ideal role to continue my work building a green economy that works for everyone, expanding equitable access to education and opportunity, and ensuring that our state is a model for social justice and inclusion. I completely agree with Governor Inslee that climate inaction is the same as climate denial, we cannot shirk our responsibilities in this critical moment. I will use my leadership role in the Senate to insist on bold climate action that recognizes the magnitude of the crisis we face.
In the Senate, I have focused on growing green jobs in every corner of our state, which I believe is critical to ensuring a just transition to our carbon-free future. I sponsored legislation to transition our state off coal-fired power and to authorize the largest expansion of mass transit in history through ST3; this massive undertaking will create tens of thousands of family-wage construction jobs for decades to come. I have helped pass new building codes to encourage the use of carbon-sequestering mass timber, and also championed investments in pollinator health and soil research, so that our agricultural economy in this state is both competitive and sustainable. As Lt. Governor, I will never stop fighting for green jobs and opportunity in every ZIP code in Washington. As chair of the Senate Rules Committee and as President of the Senate, I will use my full authority to ensure that my colleagues take action to address this existential threat to our state and our shared human community.
So far, my campaign has been endorsed by incumbent Lt. Governor Cyrus Habib, 12 current state senators, 14 current and former state representatives, a coalition of community leaders including King County Sheriff Mitzi Johanknecht, Snohomish County Executive Dave Somers, mayors, city councilmembers, and others totaling up to over 50 early endorsers. In addition, I am proud to have hundreds of small donors supporting our growing campaign as well. We are growing organizational support, and have received the endorsement of the Washington Federation of State Employees, representing tens of thousands of incredible public servants. I have also been endorsed by the National LGBTQ Victory Fund and would be the first LGBTQ person to hold statewide executive office in Washington.
Due to "stay at home" orders, we have shifted to a completely digital campaign, relying on an active social media presence that includes live discussions with people in communities across our state. We are ambitiously fundraising, relying on a people-powered campaign to reach $400,000 by the August primary and an additional $500,000 to finish the general election strong.
Part II – Local and State Issues
1. Do you support Initiative Measure No. 940 ("De-escalate Washington," requiring, among other things, that law enforcement officers be required to obtain violence de-escalation and mental health training, so that officers will have greater skills to resolve conflicts without the use of physical or deadly force)?
2. Do you support the right of public workers, excluding military, to bargain and strike?
I was raised in a union household and am a proud AFT member myself. Collective bargaining rights achieved through strikes and union representation are the foundation of our middle class.
3. Would you support a statewide "Ban the Box" law, prohibiting employers from asking about job applicants' criminal history until after an initial screening or interview?
4. Do you support legislation that reimburses the cost of reproductive health care services, such as SB 6105, the Reproductive Health Access for All Act?
I was a proud co-sponsor to this legislation and the Reproductive Parity Act and legislation that passed the following year further expanding access. I also have an A rating from NARAL Pro Choice Washington
5. Would you support an automatic voter registration act such as HB 2595 (Automatic Voter Registration Act of 2018), streamlining procedures in order to automatically register citizens to vote?
Not only was a cosponsor to the Senate version of that legislation, I also passed the VOTE Act in the 2020 legislative session, expanding access to voting to our youngest voters and promoting vote centers on college campuses.
6. Would you support a bill that would enable the state of WA to create a single health financing entity to provide health care financing for all Washington residents, independent from employment, such as the WA Apple Care Trust?
In the Senate, I am a proud cosponsor of legislation to chart the path to universal single-payer healthcare in Washington state. I am also the only person in this race who has endorsed the Whole Washington initiative to implement a universal healthcare system in Washington. I also have supported and voted for a state public option, one of the strongest prescription drug transparency laws in the nation, as well as urgent action to bring down insulin costs for those who rely on life-saving medication so we can bridge the gap while health officials in our state make the road map to stronger universal access. As Lt. Governor, while health care policy is not one of the primary responsibilities of the role, I will use my platform and position as Chair of the Senate Rules Committee to move progressive, accessible healthcare legislation through the process and make sure that universal healthcare remains a high priority.
1. Why are you running as a Democrat? What aspects of the Democratic platform most resonate with you?
In the face of gridlock in Washington DC, our state has made progress these last few years. We have funded our schools, expanded access to college, taken bold action to transition to a clean energy economy, and worked to make sure that everyone — white, Black and brown — has access to opportunity. We have shown that a growing economy, clean air and water, and rising wages and benefits can go hand-in-hand. I know that we can accomplish so much more in the years to come for Washington. I know that we can harness the spirit of innovation that has led our state to build the best airplanes, write the best software, and grow crops that feed the world to meet the challenges we face today.
I am a lifelong Washingtonian, a proud union member, and my life story has been shaped by the incredible accomplishments of the labor movement. Growing up, my life was transformed by our public schools, both in the education I received and the health care benefits my family relied on through my mom's union job as a school lunch lady. As a lawmaker, I have been a reliable champion for Washington's working families. I have sponsored key legislation to protect workers from predatory non-competition agreements, I was on the negotiating team that passed the most progressive paid family and medical leave program in the nation, and I proudly helped pass Sound Transit 3 to create tens of thousands of union jobs in construction for decades to come. I have also cosponsored, voted for, and used my leadership role to advocate for hundreds of bills and policies to expand collective bargaining, strengthen worker protections, and improve the lives of working families.
These issues aren't theoretical to me, they go to the core of who I am and why I serve. My story, growing up in a middle class family in a safe neighborhood with great schools and caring teachers, where everything seemed possible if you worked hard, is what I hope for every Washingtonian. As our next Lt. Governor, I know that the future of our economy will depend on the investments we make in our workers and our education system, and the work we do to strengthen the international ties that are the lifeblood of our job market.
2. In the past, many Democrat-sponsored bills have died in the Republican-controlled Senate. Please list three failed bills from the past legislative session that you will champion when elected.
Since the Democrats retook the majority in 2018, I am proud of the legislation that I have personally been responsible for passing. I lead the fight to ban so-called "conversion therapy" here in Washington state. This dehumanizing practice causes deep harm and trauma to LGBTQ+ people and has been condemned by medical associations in the U.S. and around the world. This is one of my proudest accomplishments of my career and embodies the acceptance and love of the Democratic party.
This year, I also led the charge to pass the Washington VOTE Act, which expands voting opportunities for our youngest voters. My bill expands automatic voter registration to 16 and 17 year olds, allows 17 year olds to vote in the primary when they will be 18 by the general election, and it creates "Voter Empowerment Centers" at our public four-year colleges and universities, giving 200,000 college students easy access to update their voter registration and print out replacement ballots. After retaking the majority, I also was able to finally pass my Student Loan Bill of Rights, which not only empowers students to take better control of their financial freedoms in college to find the best financing for their degree, but also protects students from predatory and fraudulent loan practices. This is just a handful of the many Democratic accomplishments I have been able to pass in recent years and I look forward to continuing to champion progressive policy as Lt. Governor.
3. What important state and local issues have you worked on (or taken an interest in) that you feel aren't getting enough attention from elected leaders and the media?
%3. What important state and local issues have you worked on (or taken an interest in) that you feel aren't getting enough attention from elected leaders and the media?%
4. Do you think Washington public schools are adequately funded? If not, what minimum requirements should be met in an adequately funded public school system? What specific forms of taxation would you support to attain that funding?
I was proud to move the legislation to completely comply with the McCleary decision, investing billions of dollars to raise teacher's pay, reduce class sizes, and invest in the support and resources our students and families need. But we have to continue to make public education our top priority.
My mom was a school lunch lady, so I know that our schools are full of both teachers and support staff, all focused on the education and well-being of our students. Our school counselors are invaluable to the mental and emotional health of our students, but the resources gap between schools that have access to counselors and those that do not is still too high. I also know that students with special needs are not receiving adequate support to succeed. More investments need to be made so we can fill that gap and give every student the same access to a great public education – a tool we already know will help us recover from the impending recession faster. As Lt. Governor, I will be a loud and clear voice that austerity doesn't work and new progressive revenue must be identified, like capital gains or closing the loopholes on taxes for the highest earners, to continue these critical investments and services for our children.
5. What are some obstacles inherent in proposed legislative solutions to climate change? How would you approach those obstacles in order to best overcome or minimize any negative effects?
Climate change poses an existential threat to our survival on this planet. This is a moment for our innovative Washington spirit to help lead the world to find solutions that can grow our economy, create jobs throughout our state, and address this pressing threat. I believe that we must place a price on carbon emissions to create market pressure to reduce our investments. I support many possible mechanisms to achieve this, from a clean fuels standard to a cap and invest program to a carbon tax. These changes have gained strong momentum in the legislature but are ultimately held up by 1 or 2 moderate legislators. However, we have been able to implement much of Governor Inslee's climate agenda and are continuing a record of electing progressive, climate conscious people to the legislature to push towards one of these solutions. Whichever pathway we select, we must ensure that there are strong worker protections, like those included in the Clean Energy Transformation Act in 2019. I have also supported every action we have taken in recent years, voting for CETA, a ban on superpollutant HFCs, new building and appliance efficiency standards, the zero-emission vehicle (ZEV) standard, and updated greenhouse gas reduction targets. As Lt. Governor, I will focus on identifying win-win opportunities to create jobs and new industries in areas like pumped hydro storage, creation of new clean hydrogen fuel manufacturing, and expansion of our use of sustainable mass timber products. The more we innovate, the better equipped we will be to reach our goals.
6. What are some obstacles inherent in proposed approaches to tax reform in Washington State? How would you approach those obstacles in order to best overcome or minimize any negative effects?
I have been a longtime supporter of more equitable tax structures and I voted for every single progressive tax structure change that the legislature put forward when we crafted our finance package in 2019. In that package, we closed loopholes on corporate taxes, we lowered real estate taxes for low and middle income families while raising it for the multibillion dollar corporations building skyscrapers in Seattle, and many other progressive changes. While we did not get every win on moving us towards a more balanced tax structure, it has set a precedent that I hope we are able to continue with so we can get smart, progressive revenue sources like a capital gains tax.
This progress is more important than ever as we recover from COVID-19. We cannot go back to the austerity measures of the Gregoire era that harmed our most vulnerable, and must instead raise new, progressive revenue so we can bounce back faster and stronger.
7. Do you support the voter-approved call for a Constitutional Amendment to overturn the Citizens United Supreme Court decision (I-735), and if so, how do you propose to work toward that goal?
I am in support of a constitutional amendment to implement meaningful and fair campaign finance reform. Citizen's United was a truly unfortunate decision that puts too much power in the hands of wealthy corporations. We need our democracy to be working directly for us, the people, not big banks and corporate interests and the fastest way we can do that is to get big money out of politics.
Printed Name: Marko Liias
King County Superior Court, Pos. 13 – Hillary Madsen
Pierce County Executive – Larry Seaquist


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Baron Jörgen Iversen Krabbe of Krogholm Castle (now Krageholm) (1633–1678) was a Danish jurist and later a Swedish nobleman, who was one of the most influential men in the province of Scania and played an important role during the Scanian War of 1676–1679. He was executed by the Swedes for high treason.

Early life and education
Krabbe was born at Laholm Castle in Halland in eastern Denmark in 1633, the son of the later Danish Governor-General of Norway, Iver Krabbe and the Scanian noble lady Karen Marsvin of Dybäck. The family's ancestral home was Jordberga in Scania, which at the time was part of Denmark.Jörgen had an older brother, Tage, and seven sisters. He was particularly good friends with his sister Karen. Jörgen was sent to boarding school at Sorö where he learnt Latin, geometry, fencing, horse-riding and dancing, the way young men of good families were supposed to back then. He was very studious and fond of Latin and French.

Jörgen Krabbe then studied law at the universities of Bologna, Orléans and Copenhagen.He travelled around Europe with his brother Tage and they also studied together in France and Italy. In 1657, Denmark was invaded by the Swedes and they had to return home. Tage enlisted with the army but Jörgen continued to study at first but then he was in Copenhagen when it was besieged by the Swedes (siege of Copenhagen) and he probably had to participate in the defence with the student troops.

Becoming Swedish
In 1658, Scania was ceded to Sweden. People in Denmark were desperate but they couldn't do anything. Jörgen chose to stay in Scania. He gave up his prestigious position at the Danish Chancellery and pledged loyalty to the King of Sweden, since it was against the law for Scanian residents to work for the Danish state and own property in Denmark. King Christian V of Denmark had offered him a position as county judge but Krabbe chose to renounce his career and return to Scania where he had his fiancée Jytte Tagesen Thott.

The Krabbe family split their property between their two sons: Jörgen took over the Scanian lands and became Swedish, Tage remained Danish and took over their Danish lands. The girls all got a castle each, too. Jörgen Krabbe and Jytte Thott got married in Malmö in 1664 and had a lavish wedding feast with guests from both Denmark and Sweden, though the celebrations were exclusively in Danish. There were three toasts to Denmark and two to Sweden.

Jörgen Krabbe had high hopes of a career at the bar in Sweden but he found himself having to turn to large-scale farming as his main employment, and in his letters, he complained bitterly of this although he was very fond of Krogholm Castle where he lived with his wife. The couple also ran Högestad Castle, Baldringe Farm, Tosterup Castle and Ingelstorp Manor. The same year as his wedding, Krabbe gained recognition as a Swedish nobleman, and was also a representative in the Swedish Diet in Stockholm. In 1676 he became a Swedish Baron, which he found to be an empty title compared to the career he had wished for. He wrote to his old friend and former estate manager, Hack Sörensen, and complained about this. The letter was confiscated by the Swedes and used as evidence against Krabbe during the trial.

Treason
That same year, the Scanian War Scanian War broke out and Krabbe was accused of collusion with the local resistance movement (the snaphaner) and of nurturing pro-Danish sympathies.

He had offered the Danish admirals Juel and Cornelis Tromp dinner when they reconquered the town of Ystad earlier that year and he had also  been present when a unit of the Danish free corps "The King's Freeshooters" and local resistance men captured a group Swedes in his brother-in-law Holger Thott's orchard at Marsvinsholm Castle. One of the Swedes was a quite renowned Swedish soldier by the name of Major Adolf Fredrik Klingspor. The freeshooters/friskytter were units of light cavalry that were mainly recruited on a local Scanian basis and they were often sent out from Landtz Crone (now Landskrona) to troubled or threatened areas, and this was also the case this time. The Swedes considered these troops and the local resistance men traitors and "snapphanar" and collusion with the "snapphanar" normally meant death. Several of Krabbe's employees were among the local resistance men that attacked Klingspor and the others.  Apart from the episode in the orchard, Krabbe's present Krogholm bailiff Christopher and his bailiff at Tosterup, Rasmus both rode with the freeshooters and led an attack on a Swedish quarter master by the name of Lorens Basch who had been sent out to collect taxes and war contributions in the area between Krogholm and Bollerup. Apart from Rasmus and Christopher, at least three of Krabbe's other employees had participated. Basch was arrested and sent to prison in Copenhagen together with a number of his men. Later, both Klingspor and Basch testified against Krabbe.
In September 1677, Jörgen Krabbe and the Thott brothers went to the Danish Army Camp to ask for help to escape over to the Danish side. They felt stuck in a "laborint" (labyrinth) and claimed that the Swedes had threatened to drag them in chains to Stockholm. The background to this can be seen in the Swedish decision to "deport" the native Scanian nobility and gentry north of the border to Sweden. The Krabbe-Thott family wanted to avoid this fate at all costs, so they had decided to avoid what they called "the Babylonian Captivity" and move over to Denmark, if the Danes could get them out.
On September 24, Krabbe travelled to the Swedish enclave at Malmö together with his cousin Christian Bilde of Dybäck, hoping to manage to convince the governor-general to let them stay in their homes after all, but instead, he was arrested and charged with high treason. Basch and Klingspor had been ransomed from their captivity in Denmark and were keen to get their revenge. On 6 November 1676, Krabbe was sentenced to lose his life, honour and property. He then spent several months in a cell at Malmö Castle before he was shot in Malmö's central square on 16 January 1678. He was buried inside the parish church at Tosterup, near Ystad. Krabbe's bailiff Christopher surrendered himself to the Swedes, claiming that he was the one who'd orchestrated the kidnappings of Basch and Klingspor. He had hoped that the Swedes would release the baron if they got their hands on 'the true culprit'. Instead, Christopher was kept prisoner for months, too, and he was executed at approximately the same time as Krabbe. We know that he was alive in December when both their coffins were placed side by side in the castle bailey.

The two younger Thott brothers were escorted out of Scania by a Danish military convoy. The eldest brother, Knud, had already betaken himself to Denmark on his own. Jytte Thott pleaded with King Charles XI of Sweden to pardon her husband, but the king answered that no amount of tears could save Krabbe. After his death, the court declared that Krabbe was the "Antesignanus"(leader and role model) of all Scanians. People in his home province followed his example, so the court could not let his turncoat behaviour pass. They also accused him for his "arga wäsende"(wrathful personality), cowardice and haughty attitude and they feared that his false insistence on being innocent would reach foreign lands and let people in the world believe his rather than the Swedes' version.
Jytte Thott took to her bed and grieved her husband so deeply that she spent the rest of her life in black. She had to leave their home Krogholm Castle and moved to a smaller estate called Högested, where she had all the windows facing Krogholm walled up. As her property was largely taken over by Swedish creditors, she had to move to a farmstead called Baldringe where she spent her last years. Jörgen Krabbe and Jytte Thott had no children, and what was left of their property was inherited by their nephews and nieces.

References

 Krabbe, Jörgen in Nordisk familjebok (andra upplagan, 1911) http://runeberg.org/nfbn/0614.html
 Aletophilo, En sandfaerdig Replique, Malmö 1678
 Fabricius, Knud. Skaanes overgang fra Danmark til Sverige, reprint Copenhagen 1972
 Gustaf Elgenstierna, Den introducerade svenska adelns ättartavlor, 1925–36
 https://www.adelsvapen.com/genealogi/Krabbe_af_Krageholm_nr_21

1633 births
1678 deaths
Swedish nobility
People from Varberg
People executed for treason against Sweden
People of the Scanian War
University of Bologna alumni
University of Orléans alumni
University of Copenhagen alumni

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Temecula Theater
Temecula Presents Arts Education
STUDENT-LED, MUSICAL THEATER INTERNSHIP
The City of Temecula & Temecula Presents announces auditions for a student-led production of You're a Good Man Charlie Brown performing in The Old Town Temecula Community Theater (42051 Main Street, Temecula, CA) on January 10, 11 & 12, 2020. With the support of the California Arts Council's Youth Arts Action Grant, this unique arts education program provides youth (ages 13-18) access to three months of mentorship from professional artists and expert advisers.
Auditions and interviews for both performance roles and stage and production experiences behind the curtain are available. When registering, please select if you would like to Audition for the Cast or be part of the Production Team.
You're a Good Man Charlie Brown (Revised) is a fresh approach to the all-time 1967 classic, based on the beloved comic strip by Charles Schultz. Book and lyrics by Clark Gesner; additional dialogue by Michael Mayer; and additional music and lyrics by Andrew Lippa.
Sally Brown joins Charlie Brown, Linus, Lucy, Schroeder, and Snoopy in this charming revue of vignettes and songs. Two new songs, Beethoven Day and My New Philosophy, have been added to the twelve numbers from the original version, which include My Blanket and Me, The Baseball Game, Little Known Facts, Suppertime, and Happiness.
NOTE: This program is only available for participants ages 13-18 and must be a middle or high school student.
Resident Companies / Auditions
Temecula Presents - Performances & Programs
Theater In Action
1.866.OLD.TOWN
Ticket Office Hours:
Mon & Tue: Closed
Wed: 2pm-6pm*
Thu & Fri: 2pm-9pm*
Sat: 12pm-9pm*
Sun: 12pm-5pm*
*All hours are subject to change per show schedule and/or holidays.


text:
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The 700 Club is a long running Christian news and interview program produced by The Christian Broadcasting Network in Virginia Beach, Virginia. Today, The 700 Club, hosted by Pat Robertson, airs around the world on cable, on satellite and online.
Who is the current host of the 700 Club?
The 700 Club is the flagship news talk show of the Christian Broadcasting Network, airing in syndication throughout the United States and Canada. In production since 1966, it is currently hosted by Pat Robertson, Terry Meeuwsen, Kristi Watts, and Gordon Robertson, two of whom (one male and one female) will host on any given day.
What is the 700 Club TV show?
The 700 Club is the flagship television program of the Christian Broadcasting Network, airing each weekday in syndication throughout the United States and available worldwide on CBN.com. The news magazine program features live guests, daily news, contemporary music, testimonies, and Christian ministry.
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The 700 Club - TV Schedule - CBN.com Christian
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The 700 Club TV schedule and airtimes. Download The 700 Club! Watch Pat, Terry, and Gordon on your iPod as they bring you amazing stories and celebrity interviews.
The 700 Club TV Listings, TV Schedule and Episode Guide
tvguide.com
https://www.tvguide.com/tvshows/the-700-club/tv-listings/1030036999/
Conservative icon (and 1988 presidential candidate) Pat Robertson founded the hugely popular program from a 1963 fund-raising pledge effort on UHF TV …
Calendar | CBN.com
https://www1.cbn.com/700club/show-info/schedule-by-month
Jan 03, 2022 · The 700 Club - January 11, 2022 A farmer is thrown from his 20-ton machine as the blades of steel barrel towards him. See what stops …
Where To Watch | CBN.com
https://www1.cbn.com/700club/showinfo/where-to-watch
Aug 19, 2014 · NOTE: Direct TV & Dish Network take the East Coast Feed, so on the West Coast, Freeform airs The 700 Club at 7am, 8pm & 12am Affiliate Program Air Times Times and stations for your area shown below Dish Network: Freeform (Channel 180), TBN (Channel 260)
Dish Network: Freeform (Channel 180), TBN (Channel 260)
The 700 Club with Pat Robertson | Trinity Broadcasting …
tbn.org
https://www.tbn.org/programs/700-club-pat-robertson
Jan 14, 2022 · Episode Details. Jan, 10 2022 at 08:00 PM The 700 Club - January 10, 2022. Jan, 07 2022 at 08:00 PM The 700 Club - January 7, 2022. Jan, 06 2022 at 08:00 PM The 700 Club - January 6, 2022. Jan, 05 2022 at 08:00 PM The 700 Club - January 5, 2022.
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https://cbn.com/700club/
ABOUT THE 700 CLUB. WATCH NOW. Hosted by Pat Robertson, Gordon Robertson, and Terry Meeuwsen, with news anchor John Jessup , The 700 Club is a mix of news and commentary, interviews, feature stories, and Christian ministry. View the Program Calendar.
The 700 Club - Where to Watch and Stream - TV Guide
https://www.tvguide.com/tvshows/the-700-club/1030036999/
Dec 04, 2007 · The 700 Club. 1972 -2020. TVG. Watchlist. A religious-themed newsmagazine, one of TV's longest-running programs. On the air since 1966, it launched nationally in '72, before becoming the flagship ... Content Rating: TVG
Content Rating: TVG
Watch The 700 Club Full Episodes Online | DIRECTV
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https://www.directv.com/tv/The-700-Club-UHpES1VVK3Q4RWs9
Sep 06, 2021 · The 700 Club. Watch full episodes online. Select an episode below or record this series. "The 700 Club," which first broadcast in 1966, is a newsmagazine featuring guests, news, music, testimonies and spiritual stories from a Christian perspective. News stories are frequently related to Bible passages or deal with Christian lifestyle issues.
Oxnard TV Guide - TV Listings
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https://www.ontvtonight.com/guide/listings/OxnardNight.html
The 700 Club 6:30pm 700 Club Interactive 7:30pm Faith Nation 8:00pm Prayer Link 8:30pm Faith Nation 9:00pm The 700 Club 9:30pm 700 Club Interactive 10:30pm Superbook for Kids 11:00pm Studio 5 Uncut 11:30pm: KHIZ Court TV 39.1 Closing Arguments with Vinnie Politan 5:00pm Closing Arguments with Vinnie Politan 8:00pm
tv.com
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experts123.com
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_700_Club
DA: 28 PA: 100 MOZ Rank: 4 Up or Down: Up


"The Big Bang Theory" is bringing in one of its biggest roster of guest stars for a special "Dungeons & Dragons" themed episode, including Capt. Kirk himself and an NBA Hall of Famer.
William Shatner, Kareem Abdul-Jabbar, Kevin Smith, Joe Manganiello and frequent guest star — and Sheldon nemesis — Wil Wheaton will join the gang. An airdate has not yet been announced.
This will be the first appearance for Shatner, follows his former "Star Trek" cast members including the late Leonard Nimoy, George Takei. Brent Spiner and LeVar Burton from "Star Trek: The Next Generation" have also appeared on the show, alongside Wheaton, who has been on the show many times, but mainly to torment Sheldon (Jim Parsons).
The long-running CBS sitcom is in the middle of its farewell season, and it's been pulling out all the stops.


Paul Hlava spoke to the Guild on "Emeralds: Part One" and covered the mineralogy, the geology, and the geography related to emeralds. Paul defined emeralds as a variety of beryl noted for having a bright, intense, saturated green color, caused by the presence of chromium (and/or vanadium) in the crystal structure. Paul began his talk with a quick demonstration of how man-made emerald crystals (Chatham) fluoresce red when hit with an ultraviolet light in a darkened room, showing the presence of the chromium absorption spectrum. Emerald is the birthstone for May.
First, Paul explained some of the physical properties of emeralds. Emeralds have a hardness of 7.5 to 8 and are brittle due to the coloring agent. (More on that later.) Emeralds show a vitreous lustre and have a density of 2.67 to 2.75. Emeralds have two cleavages: one, a basal pinacoid (poor), and the other, a hexagonal prism (rarely seen). Emeralds fracture in a conchoidal to an irregular manner and show a green/white color streak. Emeralds have a refractive index of 1.566 to 1.591 and have a dispersion of 0.005 to 0.009. Emeralds are uniaxial negative and pleochroic (yellow to green and blue to green). The emerald spectrum is very diagnostic. The spectral wavelength shows fine lines in the red, weak ones in the blue, and broad absorption in the violet. Emeralds show a red color in the Chelsea filter.
Paul then explained the chemistry of emeralds. Emeralds contain Cr3+ and V3+ (chromium and vanadium). Pure beryl is colorless; Be3Al2Si6O18. Beryl may also contain water and alkalis (Li, Na, K, Rb, and Cs), and the alkalis alone can exceed 8 weight percent. Beryl may contain: Mg, Ca, Sc, Cr, V, Mn, Fe, Zr, Nb, Sn, and W. The color of emeralds is a result of impurities within the beryl crystal. Modification of the color by the presence of other impurities can cause the green color to vary from bluish green to yellowish green. Depth of color is related to the amount of coloring metals present. Paul said that to be an emerald, beryl must contain chromium levels greater than 0.002 weight percent to greater than 2.00 weight percent.
Paul said that the chromium atoms go into the aluminum site of the atomic structure of beryl. Chromium adds stress in the crystal structure, forming "jardin", because the chromium atoms are bigger than the spaces in the atomic structure of beryl. The fact that emeralds contain both beryllium and chromium is very interesting, in that beryllium and chromium are geochemically incompatible. They do not like to occur together. Chromium came from the magma in the silica "milk" first, and beryllium emerged from the magma last. Hence, chromium and beryllium are concentrated at opposite ends of the crystallization sequence.
Emeralds are found where these two ends are mixed, a rare occurrence. Therefore, emeralds are rare.
Paul stated that emeralds are always green. He said that the most intense color of emerald is produced when they are cut with the table parallel to the C axis. The rectangular "emerald cut" is the best faceting shape to maintain carat retention, as it follows the crystal's original shape. The largest gem quality emerald found weighed 1,759 carats.
Paul showed a diagram of the emerald structure. Looking down the C axis, emerald consists of hexagonal rings of silicon atoms, six-fold rings, each surrounded by four oxygen atoms in tetrahedral arrangement. The rings are stacked one over the other and connected by bonds between alternating aluminum and beryllium atoms. Each aluminum atom is surrounded and bonded to six oxygen atoms, and each beryllium atom is surrounded and bonded by four oxygen atoms. A striking feature of this atomic arrangement is that the SiO rings are aligned exactly over each other so that their openings form continuous channels parallel to the C axis. Emeralds, as beryls, belong to the most complete class of symmetry of the hexagonal system: holosymmetric, dihexagonal-bipyramidal.
In explaining the geology of emeralds, Paul stated that emeralds are found in a fairly restricted set of metamorphic rocks, such as biotite-phlogopite schists, carbonate schists, talc-chlorite schists, etc., that have been intruded by beryl-bearing pegmatites. The Colombian deposits are in carbonaceous shales and limestones that had been invaded by hydrothermal solutions. Most other beryls are usually found in pegmatites. Emeralds have been found in all of the continents, with the exception of Antarctica. However, they have been found in only a few places on each continent. Most of the finest emeralds come from alluvial deposits. Colombian emeralds are of consistently high quality and serve as the benchmark of comparison for other emeralds.
Paul said that the most notable occurrences of emeralds were in South America, primarily in Colombia and Brazil. In Colombia, near Boyaca, lies the famous Muzo district, home of the Muzo mine and the Coscuez mine, as well as others. Muzo is the world's most famous and valuable emerald mine, setting the standard for quality and color. Also in Colombia, near Chivor, lies the famed Chivor mine and the Gachala mine, among others. In Brazil, near Bahia, lies the Salininha mine, where the emeralds contain vanadium (V3+). The Brazilian government flooded the Salininha mine for hydroelectric power. The Carnaiba mine, one of the world's largest emerald deposits, is nearby. Near Ceara in Brazil are several mines, including the Goias mine and the Santa Teresinha de Goias mine, where hundreds of unsupported tunnels run in the hillsides more than three hundred feet deep. Brazil is the world's largest volume emerald producer. In Brazil's famous Minas Gerais is the Nova Era district and the Capoeirana mine. The Itabira district of Brazil contains the Belmont mine.
Other notable occurrences of emeralds are in Asia and in Africa. Emeralds are found in Afghanistan's Panjshir Valley district and in West Pakistan's Swat Valley district, the Gujar Kili mine; in the Mohmand district, the Mingora and Bucha mines. The Afghans miners labor under the worst conditions anywhere for mining emeralds. The emerald miners in Pakistan also work under very harsh conditions. Emerald mining in both Afghanistan and Pakistan involves mining in areas reached only by footpaths, where workers dig by hand in steep terrain accessible for just a few months a year, due to the high altitude long winters.
Orissa district and Ajmer yield emeralds. In Africa, emeralds are found in Zambia's Kitwe district, the Miku mine, at Mufulira, and in the Kafubu district, the Kamakanga mine. Emeralds are found in Zimbabwe's Bikita district at Sandawana (an underground mine), also Mberengwa and Victoria. The Rio Tinto mine in Zimbabwe uses modern mining technology and security methods. Zambia and Zimbabwe produce most of the emeralds in Africa. Emeralds are also found in Egypt; in Madagascar's Ankadilalana mine; in Mozambique at Morrua; in Nigeria; in South Africa's Cobra mine and in the Transvaal; in Tanzania in Arusha and at Lake Manyara; and in Ghana.
Other occurrences include Australia, Western Australia's Poona district; and Austria at Habachtal. Eidsvoll in Norway has emeralds in granite. Poor quality emeralds were found in New Mexico's Black Range in the 1890's. Emeralds were found in North Carolina near Spruce Pine.
Recently, some very fine quality emeralds have been unearthed near Hiddenite, North Carolina that rival the best quality emeralds from Colombia. An 88-carat rough emerald crystal from this new mine was cut into two very fine gems, an 18.88-carat pearshape named the Carolina Queen and a 7.85-carat oval named the Carolina Prince. Another giant emerald crystal, the 858-carat Empress Caroline, is one of the largest emeralds mined in North Carolina. Two other significant emeralds from North Carolina are a 3.40-carat heartshape named the Heart of Carolina and a 3.37-carat emerald cut gem named the Princess of Carolina.
Paul discussed the primitive mining methods used at most mine sites for extracting emeralds. Emeralds are mostly unearthed from open pits, but several underground mines exist. A few emerald mine sites have been described as resembling coal mines. Barefoot miners use picks and shovels and wear no safety equipment for head, eyes, ears, hands, feet, and lungs. Hundreds of small (three meter square) claims exist on steep, muddy hillside slopes with stick scaffolding, tarp covers, and little or no shoring. Consequently, many cave-ins occur. Some of the more modern mines, such as the Muzo mine and the Rio Tinto mine, use tractors and bulldozers, drilling equipment, and some explosives. No paperwork is required for the majority of the small claims. Miners simply rope off their area downstream from company claims, dig, and sift. Paul said that disputes often erupt over claims, and many end in violence.
Nowhere is the search for emeralds more violent than in Colombia, and Muzo is considered the most dangerous. Bandits lie in ambush for buyers, who come into Muzo with cash and leave Muzo with emeralds. Armed patrols guarding emerald buyers have even been attacked by well-armed bandits. The independent miners, who work downhill from guarded company claims, also risk life and limb to work their claims that lie in dangerous terrain. The danger lies from bandits, from other miners who may contest their claim, and from the working environment itself. Hence, murders are not uncommon. In Colombia and in many other parts of the world, emerald miners endure some of the most dangerous and difficult conditions imaginable to extract emeralds because the gems are so highly prized.
Paul included many slides of marvelous emerald crystals and magnificent emerald jewelry, along with slides of emerald mine locales in his very animated talk. Paul also showed several pictures that illustrated the atomic structure of emerald. Paul will continue in November with "Emeralds, Part 2", which will cover the history and lore, cutting, gem treatments, synthesis, and noted inclusions. Don't miss this talk.


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Q: MacBook Air won't boot into OS X after Windows 7 was installed via Boot Camp I installed Windows 7 (Boot Camp) on a MacBook Air (July 2011 model, OS X Lion), and now it only boots into Windows. How do I boot it into Mac OS again?

A: I booted into Mac OS by holding down Alt/option key while the computer was booting up.
I also read that holding down C key works, but it did not work for me.
Here is the info from Apple:

Key or key combination  What it does
Option      Display all bootable volumes (Startup Manager)
Shift       Perform Safe Boot (start up in Safe Mode)
C           Start from a bootable disc (DVD, CD)
T           Start in FireWire target disk mode
N           Start from NetBoot server
X           Force Mac OS X startup (if non-Mac OS X startup volumes are present)
Command-V   Start in Verbose Mode
Command-S   Start in Single User Mode

A: Hold down the Alt/Option key at startup to select which startup disk you want to use. At times, I've noticed Boot Camp changes the default startup disk in either the Windows or OS X preferences. Check both of those to make sure they're consistently set to whichever OS you want to start up by default.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


I am a visual art teacher and collage artist, Boulle School Graduate, from Nantes, France. From glossy magazines, i select pictures of fashion, landscapes, greenery and architecture to create my visual art. Each collage is unique and expresses an emotional impact which guides my hands.This intense feeling is perceived through a balance between cut, colour and composition. My work is the fusion and contrast of two different worlds, fragmented and intimate, "Reality and Fantasy", my imagination being unrestricted by reality.


text:
Topic Security strategies
SubTopic Security tools
The most important threat facing an IaaS cloud service
The number one threat to using an Infrastructure as a Service offering is the vulnerabilities of the underlying operating system and services.
In this tip, the fourth in our series of technical tips on cloud security, we focus on yet another group of threats facing a cloud computing model. Threats towards Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) can include those related to Platform as a Service (PaaS) and Software as a Service (SaaS). There are also additional threats, however, as the nature of an IaaS offering means that a user controls most of it. This tip covers the most significant of those additional threats.
The previous tips in our cloud security series:
Top threats in a PaaS cloud service and how to avoid them
Mitigating the top three Software as a Service security concerns
Five requirements for deploying an application in a public cloud
The most important threat you'll face when using an IaaS offering is dealing with vulnerabilities in underlying operating systems (OS's) and services. Other major threats, such as vulnerabilities in remote management, poor quality credentials and DNS protocol and implementation flaws, will be discussed in my next tip.
You'll note that, in a departure from my previous tips, I call this the most "important" threat instead of the most "likely." This is because, at the infrastructure level, the number of threats seem to increase exponentially. While some threats may be likely, they are not as important. This is about remediating the nasty ones. Remember that the threats to SaaS and PaaS that we have already covered remain applicable.
Threats in underlying operating system and services
Handling these vulnerabilities in the underlying OS's or services of your IaaS offering is the most imperative security measure to take. At this time, Linux, variants of Linux and Windows-based operating systems are the main options available in public IaaS offerings. While other OS's may be available, Linux and Windows hold over 90% of the market. Both of these OS's and services that run on them have, and will continue to have, vulnerabilities. OS and service vulnerabilities are publicized through many outlets, and in many instances, exploits are publically available. Therefore, you need to deal with them in a timely manner.
OS-related vulnerabilities refers to core OS functionality such as TCP/IP networking, system calls, system libraries, memory functions and Windows Security Accounts Manager (SAM) . When referring to services, I am talking about programs that use the underlying OS functions to accomplish a task, such as a DNS server, Windows File Sharing or NetBIOS. It is important to differentiate these, as the mitigation strategies may be different. Speaking of mitigation, here are the steps to adequately address these vulnerabilities:
Remove: The first option is to remove the threat.
OS function: For Linux, you can modify the core OS code and rebuild the kernel or system library, then recompile. For Windows, I do not know of a practical way to remove an OS function (as I have defined it).
Service: For Linux, you can remove the executable. For Windows, you may be able to remove the executable, but many services are implemented as part of a single program (i.e., svchost.exe) and thus it is not practical in most instances.
Disable: The second best option is to disable the function or service.
OS function: For Linux, you can typically perform modification of the kernel configuration file and a rebuild of the kernel. For Windows, this is done through the "Services" snap-in or the "Add/Remove Windows components" in the "Add and Remove Program" Control Panel.
Service: For Linux, typically done in inetd/rc structure (or equivalent). For Windows, you would use the "Services" snap-in.
Block: The third option for those threats you cannot remove or disable is to block access to them.
A host-based firewall can be used to allow only certain traffic into the host. You need to understand that while this is effective against all service-related threats, it does not protect against OS functions that the firewall relies on (i.e., a flaw in the underlying network functions will affect the firewall as well).
Furthermore, it is important to note that in an IaaS environment, you can only use host-based firewalls to provide this mitigation. If you rely on a network firewall, then you are putting that control in the hands of your provider (e.g., they are the ones that control any guest-to-guest traffic on a physical server).
Note: You need to check for dependencies, as removing or disabling functions or services may render your system inoperable. Test your systems first.
In our next tip
We have addressed the top threat in a public cloud IaaS offering. Next time, we'll cover threats in common remote management solutions:, such as VPNs, Remote Desktop, Remote Shell and Web Console user interfaces (UIs). The last tip will address threats related to poor-quality administrative credentials and DNS protocol and implementation flaws.
Phil holds a BS in Computer Science from the College of Charleston
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