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Publication #HS2
Topics: Wasielewski, Jeff | Horticultural Sciences | Mango | | | | Tropical REC - Homestead | Fruit Crops (MG, South Florida ed.) | Crane, Jonathan H | Subtropical Fruit for the Home Landscape | Tropical Fruit for the Home Landscape | Balerdi, Carlos F | Maguire, Ian
Mango Growing in the Florida Home Landscape1
Jonathan H. Crane, Jeff Wasielewski, Carlos F. Balerdi, and Ian Maguire2
Scientific Name: Mangifera indica L.
Common Names: mango, mangga (Southeast Asia), mamuang (Thai), manguier (French)
Family: Anacardiaceae
Relatives: cashew, spondias, pistachio.
Origin: Mangos originated in the Indo-Burma region and are indigenous to India and Southeast Asia.
Distribution: Mangos are grown in tropical and subtropi- cal lowlands throughout the world. In Florida, mangos are grown commercially in Dade, Lee, and Palm Beach Counties and as door yard trees in warm locations along the southeastern and southwestern coastal areas and along the southern shore of Lake Okeechobee.
History: Mangos have been cultivated in India for more than 4000 years. Beginning in the 16th century, mangos were gradually distributed around the world, reaching the Americas in the 18th century. The first recorded introduc- tion into Florida was Cape Sable in 1833.
Importance: Mangos are universally considered one of the finest fruits and are one of the most important fruit crops in tropical and subtropical areas of the world. Increasing commercial acreage and improved handling methods and shipping throughout the world have increased the mango's popularity and availability in US markets. Major producers include India, Pakistan, Indonesia, Mexico, Brazil, and the Philippines. Other important producers are Australia, South Africa, Ecuador, Peru, Israel, and Egypt. In the US, Florida, Puerto Rico, and Hawaii have small but locally important industries.
Left unpruned many mango varieties become medium to large (30 to 100 ft; 9.1 to 30.5 m) trees. Trees are evergreen, with a symmetrical, rounded canopy ranging from low and dense to upright and open. Tree vigor varies among varieties with some of low, moderate, and high vigor (Table 1). In general, tree size control of low to moderate vigor varieties are more easily managed to maintain a low stature (height and width) while maintaining good fruit production than more vigorous varieties.
Leaves are alternately arranged, lanceolate, 6 to 16 inches in length (15 to 40.6 cm), and leathery. Pinkish, amber, or pale green when young, leaves become dark green at maturity. Leaves may live up to five years.
Inflorescence (Flowers)
The inflorescence is a many-branched panicle borne at the ends of shoots. Shoots are 2.5 to 16 inches long (6.4 to 40.6 cm), and possess from 550 to more than 4,000 flowers. Flowers are small and pinkish-white. The majority are staminate (male) and the remainder are perfect (bisexual).
Classified as drupes, mangos vary in shape (nearly round, oval, ovoid-oblong), size, and color depending upon the variety. Mangos may be greenish, greenish-yellow, yellow, red, orange, or purple and weigh from a few ounces to more than 5 pounds (2.3 kg). The skin is smooth and leathery, surrounding the fleshy, pale-yellow to deep-orange edible portion. The fruits possess a single large, flattened, kidney-shaped seed that is enclosed in a woody husk.
Seed Types
Mango varieties produce either monoembryonic or polyembryonic seeds. Polyembryonic seeds contain more than one embryo and most of the embryos are genetically identical to the mother tree. Monoembryonic seeds contain one embryo and this embryo possesses genes from both parents. A tree planted from a polyembryonic seed will be identical to its parent tree, whereas a tree planted from a monoembryonic seed will be a hybrid (mix of both parents).
In Florida, mangos bloom from December to April depending upon climatic conditions and variety. Pollination is by various insects such as thrips, flies, and, to a small extent, honey bees.
Indian Types typically have monoembryonic seeds and often highly colored fruit. The fruit tend to be more susceptible to anthracnose and internal breakdown. Many commercial Florida varieties are of this type.
Indochinese Types typically have polyembryonic seeds and fruit often lack attractive coloration (i.e., they are green, light green, or yellow). The fruit tend to be relatively resistant to anthracnose. Florida varieties of this group are grown commercially on a small scale and some are appreciated in home plantings.
In many areas of the tropics, there are seedling mangos which do not clearly fit in either of these types. Some of these are 'Turpentine', 'Number 11', 'Madame Francis', and 'Kensington'.
There are many mango varieties available in south Florida and many are appropriate for small and large home landscapes. Some characteristics of the most important Florida varieties are summarized in Table 1.
Mango trees are adapted to tropical, subtropical, and warm temperate areas that typically do not experience freezing temperatures. Mango trees do not appear to acclimate to cold temperatures, and no significant difference in cold resistance among mango varieties or types has been observed in Florida.
In general, mangos in Florida should be planted in the warmest areas of the state, i.e., along the southeast and southwest coasts. However, mango trees are grown in protected locations as far north as Merritt Island and along the southeast and southwest shoreline of Lake Okeechobee.
Well adapted to the lowlands of the tropics and subtropics, mature trees can withstand air temperatures as low as 25°F (-3.9°C) for a few hours with injury to leaves and small branches. However, young trees may be killed at 29° to 30°F (-1.7 to -1.1°C). Flowers and small fruits may be damaged or killed if the temperature falls below 40°F (4.4°C) for a few hours.
Mango trees may be propagated by seed and vegetatively. Vegetative propagation is necessary for monoembryonic seed types, whereas varieties with polyembryonic seeds come true from seed.
Polyembryonic mango varieties generally come true from seed, and this is a common method of propagation in many parts of the tropics. Monoembryonic varieties do not come true from seed and must be propagated vegetatively in order to obtain the same variety.
Veneer- and cleft-grafting and chip-budding are the most common and successful methods in Florida. Young, vigorously growing seedlings are used for rootstocks. Scionwood is selected from young, leafy terminals or mature terminals with swelling buds. Grafting can be done at any time of the year when suitable rootstocks are available, but is most successful during warm weather.
Undesirable varieties can be changed by top-working. Scions of the desired variety are veneer-grafted directly on the trunk or limbs of the tree or on to new shoots that develop after the tree is cut back.
Air layering of some varieties ('Tommy Atkins') has been successful by applying a 2% naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) in a lanolin mixture to the distal bark and girdled wood interface of the girdle. Adventitious roots form in about 10 to 12 weeks. However, this method has not been successful for other varieties and is not practiced on a commercial scale, and tree performance under conditions in the home landscape has not been tested.
Rootstocks
Most mango varieties are grafted onto polyembryonic rootstocks. Common polyembryonic rootstocks include 'Turpentine' and unnamed criollo-types. These rootstocks are tolerant of high pH soils and seedlings are vigorous and relatively uniform.
Production (Crop Yields)
The number of fruits that set and mature is very small in relation to the number of flowers produced by the tree. Most varieties in Florida produce an average of less than one fruit per panicle.
Grafted trees will begin to bear 3 to 5 years after planting. In Florida, average yields of 4 to 6 bushels (220 to 330 lbs; 100 to 150 kg) can be expected from mature trees. Greater yields are possible with good management and favorable weather conditions. Fruits of most varieties mature from May to September (Table 1), with greatest production in June and July. The period of development from flowering to fruit maturity is 100 to 150 days.
Anthracnose, powdery mildew, and low temperatures during bloom generally reduce fruit set and are the most limiting factors to mango production in Florida. Dry weather preceding and during the blooming period is considered optimal for good fruit production.
Mangos are picked by hand or by using a long picking pole which has at its distal end a canvas or nylon bag attached to a metal ring with a cutting blade; ladders are also used to reach fruit high in the tree canopy. However, pruning trees to limit their size enables most fruit to be easily harvested.
Spacing and Pruning
Vigorous mango varieties and mango trees where no pruning is likely to be practiced should be planted 25 to 30 feet or more (7.6 to 9.1 m) away from buildings, power lines, or other trees. This is because if trees are left unpruned, they will become large to very large. In contrast, planting less vigorous or non-vigorous (sometimes called dwarf) mango varieties and mango trees where tree training and annual pruning will be practiced to limit tree size may be planted 12 to 15 feet (3.7 to 4.6 m) apart from other trees, buildings, and power lines.
Formative pruning (tree training) of young trees is advantageous because increases the number of lateral branches and establishes a strong framework for subsequent fruit production. Selective removal of a few upper limbs back to their origins (crotches) each year will help prevent the loss of the lower tree canopy, reduce the work and time to spray and harvest the fruit and greatly reduce possible storm damage. Pruning should be done soon after harvest. Severe pruning (used to reduce canopy height or width of very large trees) does not injure mango trees, but reduces production for one to several seasons.
Once mango trees become 25 ft to 30 ft (7.6 to 9 m) or taller extreme caution should be used in pruning the trees. Climbing trees to prune them is dangerous and not recommended. Pruning of large mango trees should be done by a professional arborist who is licensed and insured.
Mangos are well adapted to many soil types. In Florida, trees growing in light sand and limestone soils produce satisfactory yields. Although mango trees are moderately tolerant of occasional flooding or excessively wet soil conditions, they will not perform well in poorly drained soils.
In the home landscape, select an area that does not flood. If there is a potential for flooding, plant the tree on a large hill or mound made up of native soil, 2 to 3 ft high (0.6 to 0.9 m) by 4 to 6 ft in diameter (1.2 to 1.8 m).
Planting a Mango Tree
Proper planting one of the most important steps in successfully establishing and growing a strong, productive tree. The first step is to choose a healthy nursery tree. Commonly, nursery mango trees are grown in 3-gallon (11-liter) containers and trees stand 2 to 4 ft (0.6–1.2 m) from the soil media. Large trees in smaller containers should be avoided as the root system may be "root bound." This means all the available space in the container has been filled with roots to the point that the tap root is growing along the edge of the container in a circular fashion. Root bound root systems may not grow properly once planted in the ground.
Inspect the tree for insect pests and diseases, and inspect the trunk of the tree for wounds and constrictions. Select a healthy tree and water it regularly in preparation for planting in the ground.
In general, mango trees should be planted in full sun for best growth and fruit production. Select a part of the landscape away from other trees, buildings and structures, and power lines. Remember, mango trees can become very large if not pruned to contain their size. Select the warmest area of the landscape that does not flood (or remain wet) after typical summer rains.
Planting in Sandy Soil
Many areas in Florida have sandy soil. Remove a 3- to 10-ft-diameter (0.9- to 3.1-m) ring of grass sod. Dig a hole 3 to 4 times the diameter and 3 times as deep as the container the mango tree came in. Making a large hole loosens the soil next to the new tree, making it easy for the roots to expand into the adjacent soil. It is not necessary to apply fertilizer, topsoil, or compost to the hole. In fact, placing topsoil or compost in the hole first and then planting on top of it is not desirable. If you wish to add topsoil or compost to the native soil, mix it with the excavated soil in no more than a 50:50 ratio.
Backfill the hole with some of the excavated soil. Remove the tree from the container and place it in the hole so that the top of the soil media from the container is level with or slightly above the surrounding soil level. Fill soil in around the tree roots and tamp slightly to remove air pockets. Immediately water the soil around the tree and tree roots. Staking the tree with a wooden or bamboo stake is optional. However, do not use wire or nylon rope to tie the tree to the stake because they may eventually damage the tree trunk as it grows. Use a cotton or natural fiber string that will degrade slowly.
Planting in Rockland Soil
Many areas in Miami-Dade County have a very shallow soil, and several inches below the soil surface is a hard, calcareous bedrock. Remove a 3- to 10-ft-diameter (0.9- to 3.1-m) ring of grass sod. Make a hole 3 to 4 times the diameter and 3 times as deep as the container the mango tree came in. To dig a hole, use a pick and digging bar to break up the rock, or contract with a company that has augering equipment or a backhoe. Plant as described in the section above.
Planting on a Mound
Many areas in Florida are within 7 ft (2.1 m) or so of the water table and experience occasional flooding after heavy rains. To improve plant survival, consider planting fruit trees on a 2- to 3-ft-high (0.6- to 0.9-m) by 4- to 10-ft-diameter mound of native soil.
After the mound is made, dig a hole 3 to 4 times the diameter and 3 times as deep as the container the mango tree came in. In areas where the bedrock nearly comes to the surface (rockland soil), follow the recommendations for the previous section. In areas with sandy soil, follow the recommendations from the section on planting in sandy soil.
Care of Mango Trees in the Home Landscape
To promote growth and regular fruiting, mature mango trees should be periodically fertilized and watered only during severe drought conditions. Insects and diseases should be controlled only as needed (Table 2).
In Florida, young trees should receive fertilizer applications every two to three months during the first year, beginning with ¼ lb (114 g) and gradually increasing to one pound (455 g). Thereafter, 2 to 3 applications per year in amounts proportionate to the increasing size of the tree are sufficient (Table 3).
Fertilizer mixtures containing 2 to 6% nitrogen, 6 to 10% available phosphoric acid, 6 to 12% potash, and 4 to 6% magnesium give satisfactory results with young trees. For bearing trees, nitrogen should be drastically reduced or eliminated, and potash should be increased to 9 to 15%, and available phosphoric acid reduced to 2 to 4%. Examples of commonly available fertilizer mixes include 6-6-6-2 [6 (N)-6 (P2O5)-6 (K2O)-2 (Mg)], 6-3-16 and 0-0-22. Little to no nitrogen is needed for mature healthy trees; in contrast emphasize potash and minor element nutrition.
Mango trees growing in the calcareous soils of south Miami-Dade County should receive annual foliar sprays of copper, zinc, manganese, and boron. Boron should only be applied at very low rates (1/300th of the nitrogen rate) because it is toxic to plants at moderate to high rates. Mixes containing copper, zinc, manganese, magnesium, and boron are available from many garden centers and through the internet; follow label dirctions. Iron should be applied in chelated form for high pH soils (FeEDDHA compounds are the best) as a soil drench 2 to 3 times per year.
Mango trees growing in neutral and acidic soils should also receive annual foliar sprays or may be fertilized with soil-applied dry materials of iron, zinc, boron, magnesium and manganese either separately or in mixes. Iron may be applied in non-chelated form (i.e., iron sulfate, ferrous sulfate) as a dry material that is watered in 2 to 3 times per year.
Irrigation (Watering)
Newly planted mango trees should be watered at planting and every other day for the first week or so, and then 1 to 2 times a week for the first couple of months. During prolonged dry periods (e.g., 5 or more days of little to no rainfall) newly planted and young mango trees (first 3 years) should be watered once a week. Once the rainy season arrives, irrigation frequency may be reduced or stopped.
Once mango trees are 4 or more years old, irrigation will be beneficial to plant growth and crop yields only during very prolonged dry periods during spring and summer. Mature mango trees do not need frequent watering, and over water- ing may cause poor quality fruit and/or trees to decline or be unthrifty. Little to no irrigation is generally necessary during the fall and winter.
Many insect pests attack mangos, but they seldom limit fruit production significantly. Insect infestations are not predictable and control measures are justified only when large infestations occur. Currently, the most important insect pests in Florida are:
bud mites (Eriophyes mangiferae)
red-banded thrips (Selenothrips rubrocinctus)
false oleander scale (Pseudaulacaspis cockerelli)
pyriform scale (Protopulvinaria pyriformis)
dictyospermum scale (Chrysomphalus dictyospermi)
Florida red scale (C. aoaidum)
mites (e.g., Paratetranychus yothersii)
Florida thrips (e.g., Frankliniella bispinosa)
ambrosia beetles (Xylosandrus sp.).
Homeowners should contact their local UF/IFAS Extension office for recommended control measures.
Disease control for mango tress in the home landscape is usually not warranted or should not be intensive. The easiest method for avoiding disease problems is to grow anthracnose-resistant varieties; plant trees in full sun where the flowers, leaves, and fruit dry off quickly after rainfall; not to apply irrigation water to the foliage, flowers, and fruit; and to monitor the tree for disease problems during the flowering and fruiting season.
The two major disease problems for mango trees in the home landscape are powdery mildew and anthracnose. Both these fungal pathogens attack newly emerging panicles, flowers, and young fruit. One to two early spring applications of sulfur and copper timed to begin when the panicle is 1/4 full size and then 10 to 21 days later will greatly improve the chances for fruit set and production. Usually, protecting the panicles of flowers during development and fruit set results in good fruit production in the home landscape.
Successful chemical control of diseases caused by fungi requires that all susceptible parts of the plant be thoroughly coated with the fungicide before infection occurs. Sprays applied after infection (which occurs several days to months before the disease is evident) have no effect on disease development. Sprays must be re-applied as new tissues become exposed by growth and as spray residues are reduced by weathering. A successful program depends on:
Use of the right amount of a recommended fungicide and adjuvant, if required
Timely applications before infection is most likely to occur.
Thorough coverage of susceptible parts. Homeowners should contact their local UF/IFAS Extension office for recommended control recommendations for the diseases discussed below.
Homeowners should contact their local UF/IFAS Extension office for recommended control recommendations for the diseases discussed below.
Anthracnose (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides): The most important disease of mango in Florida, the anthracnose fungus, attacks flowers, young fruits, leaves, and twigs. It also appears as a storage disease of mature fruits. Symptoms appear as black, slightly sunken lesions of irregular shape, which gradually enlarge and cause blossom blight, leaf spotting, fruit staining, and fruit rot. Disease development is encouraged by rains or heavy dews. Prevention can be accomplished by maintaining a coating of fungicide on susceptible parts starting when bloom buds begin to expand and ending at harvest.
Mango Scab (Elsinoe mangiferae): The fungus attacks leaves, flowers, fruits, and twigs. In early stages, mango scab infection resembles anthracnose. Lesions on fruit usually become covered with corky brown tissue and leaf distortion. Mango scab is usually not important because the anthracnose spray program also controls scab.
Powdery Mildew (Oidium sp.): The fungus attacks leaves, flowers and young fruits during the dry spring weather. Infected tissues are covered with whitish powdery growth of the fungus. Lesions develop along the midribs or undersides of leaves and become dark brown and greasy-looking as leaves mature. Severe infections destroy flowering panicles and cause failure of fruit set and defoliation of trees. If mildew occurs, applications of sulfur will prevent spread of infection to new growth.
Verticillium Wilt (Verticillium albo-atrum): Verticillium wilt may occur in the limestone soils of Miami-Dade County and is usually observed in new trees planted on land previously used for vegetable production (especially tomatoes). This fungus attacks the tree roots and vascular (water-conducting) system, decreasing and blocking water movement into the tree. Symptoms of infection include leaf wilting, desiccation and browning, stem and limb dieback, and browning of the vascular tissues. Occasionally verticillium will kill young trees. Control consists of removing affected tree limbs by pruning.
Alga Spot (Cephaleuros sp.): This parasitic alga attacks leaves and stems. Symptoms begin as circular green-gray spots which then turn rust red, indicating sporulation. Stem infection appears similar but can lead to bark cankers and thickening and stem death. This organism is normally not a problem where copper fungicides are periodically applied during the summer months.
Mango Decline: Research to date suggests that mango decline is caused by deficiencies of manganese and iron. These deficiencies may predispose trees to infection by fungal pathogens (Botryosphaeria ribis and Physalospora sp.), which attack shoots, or by root feeding nematodes (Hemicriconemoides mangiferae). Leaf symptoms include interveinal chlorosis, stunting, terminal and marginal necrosis, and retention of dead leaves that gradually drop. Dieback of young stems and limbs is common and even tree death may occur. Increased applications of iron, manganese, and zinc micronutrients have been observed to reduce or ameliorate this problem.
Internal Breakdown: This is a fruit problem of unknown cause, which is also called jelly seed and soft nose. Generally, it is less of a problem on the calcareous (limestone) soils found in south Miami-Dade County and more common on acid sandy soils with low calcium content. The degree of severity may vary from one season to another. Several symptoms may appear including (1) a softening (break-down) and water soaking of the fruit flesh at the distal end while the flesh around the shoulders remains unripe, (2) an open cavity in the pulp at the stem end, (3) over-ripe flesh next to the seed surrounded by relatively firm flesh, or (4) areas of varying size in the flesh appearing spongy with a grayish-black color. This disorder is aggravated by over fertilization with nitrogen. If fruit have this problem, reduce the rate of nitrogen. In sandy and low-pH soils, increased calcium fertilization may help alleviate this problem. Fruits harvested mature-green are less affected than those allowed to ripen on the tree.
Mango Malformation: This disorder is caused by Fusarium mangiferae Britz, a fungus. Symptoms include the drastic shortening of panicles, giving them a clustered appearance and/or a shortening of shoot internodes. Affected panicles do not set fruit and eventually dry up and turn black. This disorder is not common in Florida, but homeowners should watch for it and immediately prune off affected flower panicles and shoots and destroy them.
Mango Trees and Lawn Care
Mango trees in the home landscape are susceptible to trunk injury caused by lawn mowers and weed eaters. Maintain a grass-free area 2 to 5 or more feet (0.6–1.5 m) away from the trunk of the tree. Never hit the tree trunk with lawn mowing equipment and never use a weed eater near the tree trunk. Mechanical damage to the trunk of the tree will weaken the tree and, if severe enough, can cause dieback or kill the tree.
Roots of mature mango trees spread beyond the drip-line of the tree canopy, and heavy fertilization of the lawn next to mango trees is not recommended because it may reduce fruiting and or fruit quality. The use of lawn sprinkler systems on a timer may result in over watering and cause mango trees to decline. This is because too much water too often applied causes root rot.
Mulching mango trees in the home landscape helps retain soil moisture, reduces weed problems next to the tree trunk, and improves the soil near the surface.
Mulch with a 2- to 6-inch (5- to 15-cm) layer of bark, wood chips, or similar mulch material. Keep mulch 8 to 12 inches (20–30 cm) from the trunk.
Harvest, Ripening, and Storage
Mango fruits will ripen on the tree, but, are usually picked when firm and mature (Table 1). Table 1 may be used as a guide to when picking your fruit may begin. However, slight year-to-year variations occur in when maturity begins. The crop is considered mature when the shoulders and the nose (the end of the fruit away from the stem) of the fruit broaden (fill out). Varieties that have color when ripe may have a slight blush of color development, or they may have begun to change color from green to yellow. Prior to this peel color break, the fruit is considered mature when the flesh near the seed changes color from white to yellow. Generally, mature fruit are available from May to September in Florida.
The fruit from mango trees do not all have to be harvested at the same time. This feature allows you to leave the fruit on the tree and pick fruit only when you want to eat it. Remember, it takes several days or more (depending upon how mature the fruit is) for the fruit to ripen once it is picked. As the season of harvest for any given variety passes, the fruit continue to mature (and later ripen) and there is an increased chance the fruit will begin to fall from the tree.
The best temperatures for ripening mangos are from 70° to 75°F (21 to 24°C). Fruits ripened at higher temperatures often shrivel and develop off flavors. Mature fruits ripen 3 to 8 days after harvest. After the fruit has ripened you may store it in the refrigerator. Placing the fruit in the refrigerator before it is ripe may lead to chilling injury. Chilling injury symptoms may not become evident until fruit is exposed to higher temperatures. Symptoms may include brown or grey discoloration of the skin, surface pitting, uneven flesh ripening, and off flavors.
Uses and Nutritional Value
Mango is one of the most highly esteemed fruits of the tropics.The fruit is used in many ways, with fresh consumption being the most important. It can also be frozen, dried, canned, or cooked in jams, jellies, preserves, pies, chutney and ice cream. The fruit is a fair source of phosphorus and potassium, and a good source of vitamins A, C, B-6, and E (Table 4).
Some characteristics of Florida mango varieties recommended for the home landscape.
Tree vigor rating1
Fruit maturity2
Fruit weight (oz)
Fruit color3
Fruit prod.4
Anthracnose rating5
Seed type6
Rosigold
Ma Ap
Y R
Ap M
Y O Pi
Florigon
M J Jl
G Y
R Y
Y Pi R
Cogshall
J Jl
Nam Doc Mai*
Y Pi
Haden
G Pi Y
Van Dyke
Tommy Atkins
Lippens
Pi Y
Phimsen Mun*
J A
Jl A
G R Y
Valencia Pride
Rapoza
Carabao*
Kyo Savoy*
Keitt*
A S
Neelum
S O
1 Tree vigor rating: L, low; M, moderate and H, high. Trees of L to M vigor are more easily managed as small trees through annual pruning than H vigor trees.
2 Fruit maturity: Ma, March; Ap, April; M, May; J, June; Jl, July; A, August; S, September, O, October.
3 Fruit color: G, green; P, purple; Pi, pink; R, red; Y, yellow.
4 Fruit production: G, good; F, fair; P, poor.
5 Anthracnose susceptibility: MR, moderately resistant; MS, moderately susceptible; S, susceptible; VS, very susceptible.
6 Seed type: M, monoembryonic; P, polyembryonic; Earlygold, majority of fruit seedless.
*Also may be eaten at the green-firm stage (similar to texture of apples).
Cultural calendar for mango production of mature (bearing) trees in the home landscape.
General fertilizer
The period from March through August is generally the best time to apply granular mixes containing nitrogen-phosphate-potash-magnesium (N-P-K-Mg).
Nutritional sprays
Apply 2 to 4 nutritional sprays to leaves any time from March through September. Nutritional sprays should contain magnesium, manganese, zinc, boron, and molybdenum.
Iron soil drenches
The period from April through September is generally the best time to apply 2 to 4 soil drenches of chelated iron material to calcareous soils and 2 to 4 applications of iron sulfite to low-pH sandy soil.
In general, mature mango trees do not require watering unless exposed to intense, prolonged drought. Overwatering may lead to unthrifty trees. If flowers or fruit are present and watering is necessary, avoid getting flowers and fruit wet. This will help reduce fungal diseases of the flowers and fruit.
Monitor for red mites, scales, flower thrips
Monitor for scales
Monitor for scales, mealybugs
Monitor for red mites, scales
If warranted apply fungicide to bloom
Monitor for alga spot
Prune late varieties during March/April after damage of freezing temperatures.
Prune after harvest for early and mid-season varieties.
Fertilizer program for mango trees in the home landscape.
Times per year
Amount/tree/application (lbs)1
Total amount/tree/year (lbs)1
Minor element sprays (times/year)2
Iron chelate drenches (oz/tree/year)3
1 For young trees, use an NPK Mg mix of 6-6-6-2, 8-3-9-2, or a young-tree or slow-release fertilizer. For mature trees, use an NPKMg mix of 6-6-6-2, 8-3-9-2, or similar material.
2 The foliar spray should contain zinc, manganese, boron, molybdenum; it may also contain magnesium and iron.
3 Iron chelate soil drenches (iron plus water) will prevent iron deficiency; foliar sprays of iron materials are generally not effective.
Nutrient value of mango fruit (3.5 oz or 100 g of fruit).1
Approximate value
Consitutent
Water content
Total dietary fiber
27.7 mg
1 Data from the USDA National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference, http://www.nal.usda.gov/fnic/foodcomp/search/ [Accessed Dec., 2005].
This document is HS2 (formerly FC2), one of a series of the Horticultural Sciences Department, UF/IFAS Extension. Original publication date April 1994. Revised May 2003 and May 2017. Visit the EDIS website at http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu.
Jonathan H. Crane, professor and tropical fruit crop specialist, UF/IFAS Tropical Research and Education Center; Jeff Wasielewski, tropical fruit crops Extension agent, UF/IFAS Extension Miami-Dade County; Carlos F. Balerdi, professor and multi-county tropical fruit crops Extension agent (retired), UF/IFAS Extension Miami-Dade County; and Ian Maguire, media artist (former), UF/IFAS TREC; UF/IFAS Extension, Gainesville, FL 32611.


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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
#region Header

#endregion Header

namespace NArrange.Core
{
    using System;
    using System.Collections.Generic;

    using NArrange.Core.Configuration;

    /// <summary>
    /// Class for creating ElementArranger instances based on configuration
    /// information.
    /// </summary>
    public static class ElementArrangerFactory
    {
        #region Methods

        /// <summary>
        /// Creates an element arranger using the specified configuration information.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="configuration">The configuration.</param>
        /// <param name="parentConfiguration">The parent configuration.</param>
        /// <returns>
        /// Returns an IElementArranger if succesful, otherwise null.
        /// </returns>
        public static IElementArranger CreateElementArranger(
            ConfigurationElement configuration,
            ConfigurationElement parentConfiguration)
        {
            IElementArranger arranger = null;

            if (configuration == null)
            {
                throw new ArgumentNullException("configuration");
            }

            //
            // If this is an element reference, build the arranger using the referenced
            // element configuration instead.
            //
            ElementReferenceConfiguration elementReference = configuration as ElementReferenceConfiguration;
            if (elementReference != null && elementReference.ReferencedElement != null)
            {
                configuration = elementReference.ReferencedElement;
            }

            ElementConfiguration elementConfiguration = configuration as ElementConfiguration;
            if (elementConfiguration != null)
            {
                arranger = new ElementArranger(elementConfiguration, parentConfiguration);
            }
            else
            {
                RegionConfiguration regionConfiguration = configuration as RegionConfiguration;
                if (regionConfiguration != null)
                {
                    arranger = new RegionArranger(regionConfiguration, parentConfiguration);
                }
                else
                {
                    arranger = CreateChildrenArranger(configuration);
                }
            }

            return arranger;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Creates an arranger for the children of elements associated with the
        /// specified cofiguration.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="parentConfiguration">Parent configuration.</param>
        /// <returns>Element arranger for children.</returns>
        internal static IElementArranger CreateChildrenArranger(ConfigurationElement parentConfiguration)
        {
            ChainElementArranger childrenArranger = new ChainElementArranger();
            foreach (ConfigurationElement childConfiguration in parentConfiguration.Elements)
            {
                IElementArranger childElementArranger = CreateElementArranger(
                        childConfiguration, parentConfiguration);

                if (childElementArranger != null)
                {
                    childrenArranger.AddArranger(childElementArranger);
                }
            }

            return childrenArranger;
        }

        #endregion Methods
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Stay at our luxurious and versatile 10-bedroom, 9-bathroom 16th Century Country House, which sleeps us to 21 people. A warm friendly welcome awaits you and whether planning a family reunion, a team-building event or a very special wedding Mynydd Ednyfed provides a unique and perfect venue.
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The Dining room can seat up to 20 people around two large tables. Suitable for an intimate gathering or a larger family celebration, this is the perfect setting to enjoy a freshly prepared home cooked meal. If you would like breakfast or a dinner party with a sea view, there's also a dining table in the conservatory.
Whether you choose to self-cater or book our catered option you can't fail to be impressed by our fabulous kitchen and you'll find there everything you can possibly need to help you to prepare the grandest of feasts.
You can spend a relaxing evening watching a film from our DVD selection on the projector screen, enjoy homemade scones in front of a roaring log fire or host your own cocktail party from our bar. You can even organise a family games night playing a competitive game of pool, table tennis or chess tournament. We offer a great selection of board games.
Time with your friends and family is so precious, so why not spend it having fun! The large conservatory and games room offers a large space to participate in all of the above as well as offering plenty of comfortable seating.
The stunning views of the gardens and reaching across Cardigan Bay to Snowdonia make this a wonderful space for weddings and meetings. We can tailor the room to fit in with your specific wishes.


Microvesicles released from human renal cancer stem cells stimulate angiogenesis and formation of lung premetastatic niche.
Sorafenib for treatment of renal cell carcinoma: Final efficacy and safety results of the phase III treatment approaches in renal cancer global evaluation trial.
The R.E.N.A.L. nephrometry score: a comprehensive standardized system for quantitating renal tumor size, location and depth.
Micro-RNA profiling in kidney and bladder cancers.
Comparison of 1,800 laparoscopic and open partial nephrectomies for single renal tumors.
Human neoplasms elicit multiple specific immune responses in the autologous host.


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Since the invention of the automobile, many have fantasized taking to the open road on a cross country trip through America.Traveling on the "Mother Road" of Route 66 or any other artery paved with legends and intrigue.
It is true, the United States are vast, and can hardly be explored justly by airplane and its borders only traced by ship. But cars are not superior chariots of travel and transportation.
As rail travel still reigns, long from the days of steam engines, in the sleek and efficient form of Amtrak trains. Amtrak is currently the only inter city railway system in America that carries passengers. While not as efficient as the UK rail system, Amtrak uses far less emissions than other forms of transportation in the U.S.
When comparing transportation systems per passenger mile, the U.S. Department of Energy found Amtrak trains to be 20% more efficient than air travel and 30% more efficient than automobile travel.
In addition to the fuel efficiency of railway travel, Amtrak as a company is continually adopting environmentally responsible practices. Methods for reducing waste include the installment of recycle receptacle in all cafe and lounge cars, as well as a growing number of dining cars. Major stations also have installed designated recycling areas with many smaller stations following suit.
If you need to have your car handy upon arrival at your destination, you can board it on the Auto Train. The Auto Train is a carrier where passengers can stow their vehicles during their railway trip. This way you needn't drive your vehicle long-distance, saving you gas money and putting a significant dent in the amount of greenhouse gases emitted. Most Auto Trains carry 80 vehicles and emit only half the amount of CO2 emission that would be emitted if all those vehicles were on the road.
For a single passenger, and sometimes even two or three passengers, Amtrak travel is a cheaper option than traveling by car. Traveling without a car also means you won't have to spend extra money on hotels in-between stops. If you are pulling an overnight-er on an Amtrak train, just by staying in the seating car you already deplete the cost of lodging. Amtrak does offer adequate sleeping accommodations, ranging from $100-300 roomettes to family rooms and suites that climb up towards $1,000. Some accommodations can seem pricey, though they are packed with amenities including all three meals daily, but they aren't required for overnight travel. This is because the coach seats on long distance trains are equipped with more space, leg and foot rests, and curtains. You are also given a pillow to use while you recline in your seat.
Because you and your group are being transported, none of you will have to worry about designating and taking turns driving. Nor will you need to mess with maps, traffic, or fatigue – let alone gas stations and bathroom breaks. Instead, you can all sit back and watch the world unfold before you. Unlike the interesting but alienating aerial view you get on a plane, the views from train travel, aided by massive windows, allow you to be immersed in the journey between destinations, so that you not only see but observe. In this way a train ride is somewhat of an adventure and vacation within itself. Homogenous stream of billboards and fast food joints are limited, in their place are excellent views of unspoiled riverbanks and forests topped with lively foliage in temperate months. While winter brings glacial beauty and starkly bare birches illuminate the woods. You may even witness the countries famed mountains, canyons, and other sites inaccessible from auto traffic routes.
As the day wears on you can watch the silhouettes of cityscapes give in to the night, and drift off beneath the stars without the slightest delay in your journey.
For with railway transportation, you can travel while you sleep. And awake to a whole new adventure.


I open the case and reverse engineering to find it out.
If you want to use this film adaper seperately, you can apply 24v DC at pin 3 and pin 2( or 5,) it will illuminate whenever the switch on the machine is on or off.
Because the switch are orininary designed to control the power source in the scanner, not directely cut the power of the film adaper itself.


Shell companies have been exploring for and producing hydrocarbons for over a century. Today, Exploration & Production (EP) employs some 17,000 people worldwide and has interests in ventures in 36 different countries.
This is a technically challenging work environment characterised by research and the pursuit of new ways of working. It demands people who will thrive in a culture that encourages and rewards innovation, collaboration and the ability to learn from success as well as failure.
Earlier this year Qatar Petroleum and Royal Dutch Shell plc announced the launch of the world-scale integrated Pearl Gas to Liquids (GTL) project in Qatar.
The Pearl GTL project includes the development of offshore natural gas resources in Qatar's North Field, transporting and processing the gas to extract natural gas liquids and ethane, and the conversion of the remaining gas into clean liquid hydrocarbon products through the construction of the world's largest integrated GTL complex in Ras Laffan Industrial City. We are currently looking for a Business Analyst to join our Upstream department in Doha which is responsible for drilling and completing 22 offshore and two onshore wells.
As a Business Analyst, you'll assist the Pearl GTL Upstream Managers in leading all departmental internal and external communication requirements. You'll identify opportunities and provide presentation and technical writer services, create and design the Pearl GTL Upstream web pages and act as the web master.
presentations using PowerPoint and related software packages.
maintaining web pages on a daily basis.
With a degree in a technical subject and a minimum of five years' of performance improvement, data/web management experience, you'll be highly creative and able to unlock the full potential of presenting a successful message.
Previous advertising industry experience would be an advantage, and you should be fully conversant with Microsoft office and web design packages. Fluent in English, you should also have first-class report writing skills.


text:
With Covid Delta Variant Rising Globally, TPT Global Tech's [OTCQB:TPTW] Subsidiary TPT MedTech Announces Caribbean Testing Expansion into Grenada
Wednesday, July 28, 2021 2:30 PM
TPT Global Tech, Inc.
Company Launches "QuikLAB" Covid Testing and "QuikPASS" Check and Verify Passport Platform in Grenada, Further Expanding its Caribbean Operations
SAN DIEGO, CA / ACCESSWIRE / July 28, 2021 / TPT Global Tech, Inc. www.tptglobaltech.com ("TPTW or the Company") (OTCBB:TPTW) announced today that its subsidiary TPT MedTech's www.tptmedtech.com is expanding its Point of Care (POC) operations in the Caribbean with the introduction of its services in Grenada. With the Covid Delta variant on the rise globally, the operations will include Covid testing and the availability of its "QuikLAB" and "QuikPASS" Check and Verify Passport technology platform to tourists, local citizens, and government agencies.
Tourists in the country who are tested by an authorized "QuikLAB" facility will have to download the "QuikLAB" App, get tested and present and show their "QuikPASS" report results electronically via a QR code on their "QuikLAB" app. Once cleared to travel, tourists show or scan their "QuikPASS" QR code which displays their HIPPA compliant testing records to verify that they have been tested within the required timeframe making them free to travel home. The company has already successfully launched its QuikLAB and QuikPass technology platform in Jamaica where international travelers at both international airports in Montego Bay and Kingston are using the QuikPASS verification platform to travel home to their respective countries.
Travelers from Grenada to the US, Canada, the UK, and other countries may utilize "QuikPASS" or other COVID passport apps available or get tested at any approved facility and show their negative COVID-19 laboratory test results at the airport in the form of written documentation (electronic or printed) for clearance to travel. The CDC and other foreign authorities have mandated that all travelers coming back from the Caribbean, Mexico, and Latin America must be tested before arrival into the United States, Canada, and the UK. TPT MedTech will charge QuikLAB customers $85 for an antigen test and $120 for a PCR test in Grenada. Pre-Covid, Grenada saw 4 million tourists enter and depart the country annually.
"We will continue to expand our Caribbean footprint while we strive to be a leader in the fight against infectious diseases, Covid 19 and all variants," said Stephen Thomas, CEO of TPT Global Tech. "We expect to play a major role in keeping tourists and business travelers safe and compliant and will keep seeking revenue growing opportunities in the region and elsewhere through our proprietary medical solutions."
TPT MedTech developed its "QuikPASS™" Check and Verify passport system and Covid 19/Vaccination monitoring platform to serve corporations, government organizations, schools, airlines, hospitals, event venues, restaurants, hotels, and nightclubs. TPT solutions will check and verify that an individual has been tested for Covid 19 and variants as well as those vaccinated. TPT will provide proof individuals are able to travel or gain access to venues with the idea that everyone inside that venue would be virus-free. The "QuikPASS" "Check and Verify" passport-style platform works with third-party testing labs and organizations that participate in the "QuikPASS" Network and will be offered FREE to US domestic and international business commerce and government organizations around the world.
About TPT Global Tech
TPT Global Tech Inc. (TPTW) based in San Diego, California, is a technology-based company with divisions providing telecommunications, medical technology and product distribution, media content for domestic and international syndication as well as technology solutions. TPT Global Tech offers Software as a Service (SaaS), Technology Platform as a Service (PAAS), Cloud-based Unified Communication as a Service (UCaaS). It offers carrier-grade performance and support for businesses over its private IP MPLS fiber and wireless network in the United States. TPT's cloud-based UCaaS services allow businesses of any size to enjoy all the latest voice, data, media and collaboration features in today's global technology markets. TPT Global Tech also operates as a Master Distributor for Nationwide Mobile Virtual Network Operators (MVNO) and Independent Sales Organization (ISO) as a Master Distributor for Pre-Paid Cell phone services, Mobile phones Cell phone Accessories, and Global Roaming Cell phones.
This press release contains "forward-looking statements" within the meaning of various provisions of the safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, commonly identified by such terms as "believes," "looking ahead," "anticipates," "estimates" and other terms with similar meaning. Specifically, statements about the Company's plans for accelerated growth, improved profitability, future business partners, M&A activity, new service offerings, and pursuit of new markets are forward-looking statements. Although the company believes that the assumptions upon which its forward-looking statements are based are reasonable, it can give no assurance that these assumptions will prove to be correct. Such forward-looking statements should not be construed as fact. The information contained in such statements is beyond the ability of the Company to control, and in many cases, the Company cannot predict what factors would cause results to differ materially from those indicated in such statements. All forward-looking statements in the press release are expressly qualified by these cautionary statements and by reference to the underlying assumptions.
PR-Shep Doniger
IR-Frank Benedetto
SOURCE: TPT Global Tech, Inc.


Our Finance & Accountancy jobs cover Business Partner roles at part qualified and qualified levels.
Our Finance & Accountancy Business Partner jobs are with companies across a range of sectors including financial services, telecoms, finance, business services, SMEs and retail.
Registered in England and Wales under company number 07091850.


Posted in: Uncategorized.	Tagged: Cat of the Day, Cute Kitten, Feline.
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Posted in: Uncategorized.	Tagged: Christmas Cats, Kibbles and Bits, KittensOfInstagram.


text:
Q: Split string in JavaScript using regex with zero width lookbehind I know JavaScript regular expressions have native lookaheads but not lookbehinds.
I want to split a string at points either beginning with any member of one set of characters or ending with any member of another set of characters.
Split before ເ, ແ, ໂ, ໃ, ໄ. Split after ະ.
In: ເລື້ອຍໆມະຫັດສະຈັນເອກອັກຄະລັດຖະທູດ

Out: ເລື້ອຍໆມະ ຫັດສະ ຈັນ ເອກອັກຄະ ລັດຖະ ທູດ

I can achieve the "split before" part using zero-width lookahead:
'ເລື້ອຍໆມະຫັດສະຈັນເອກອັກຄະລັດຖະທູດ'.split(/(?=[ໃໄໂເແ])/)

["ເລື້ອຍໆມະຫັດສະຈັນ", "ເອກອັກຄະລັດຖະທູດ"]

But I can't think of a general approach to simulating zero-width lookbehind
I'm splitting strings of arbitrary Unicode text so don't want to substitute in special markers in a first pass, since I can't guarantee the absence of any string from my input.

A: Instead of spliting, you may consider using the match() method.
var s = 'ເລື້ອຍໆມະຫັດສະຈັນເອກອັກຄະລັດຖະທູດ',
    r = s.match(/(?:(?!ະ).)+?(?:ະ|(?=[ໃໄໂເແ]|$))/g);

console.log(r); //=> [ 'ເລື້ອຍໆມະ', 'ຫັດສະ', 'ຈັນ', 'ເອກອັກຄະ', 'ລັດຖະ', 'ທູດ' ]

A: If you use parentheses in the delimited regex, the captured text is included in the returned array. So you can just split on /(ະ)/ and then concatenate each of the odd members of the resulting array to the preceding even member.  Example:
"ເລື້ອຍໆມະຫັດສະຈັນເອກອັກຄະລັດຖະທູ".split(/(ະ)/).reduce(function(arr,str,index) {
   if (index%2 == 0) {
     arr.push(str);
   } else {
     arr[arr.length-1] += str
   };
   return arr;
 },[])

Result: ["ເລື້ອຍໆມະ", "ຫັດສະ", "ຈັນເອກອັກຄະ", "ລັດຖະ", "ທູ"]
You can do another pass to split on the lookahead:
"ເລື້ອຍໆມະຫັດສະຈັນເອກອັກຄະລັດຖະທູ".split(/(ະ)/).reduce(function(arr,str,index) {
   if (index%2 == 0) {
     arr.push(str);
   } else {
     arr[arr.length-1] += str
   };
   return arr;
 },[]).reduce(function(arr,str){return arr.concat(str.split(/(?=[ໃໄໂເແ])/));},[]);

Result: ["ເລື້ອຍໆມະ", "ຫັດສະ", "ຈັນ", "ເອກອັກຄະ", "ລັດຖະ", "ທູ"]

A: You could try matching rather than splitting,
> var re = /((?:(?!ະ).)+(?:ະ|$))/g;
undefined
> var str = "ເລື້ອຍໆມະຫັດສະຈັນເອກອັກຄະລັດຖະທູດ"
undefined
> var m;
undefined
> while ((m = re.exec(str)) != null) {
... console.log(m[1]);
... }
ເລື້ອຍໆມະ
ຫັດສະ
ຈັນເອກອັກຄະ
ລັດຖະ
ທູດ

Then again split the elements in the array using  lookahead.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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text:
Q: How to tell if variable exists I want to run this when @pubreaderonename is defined.
in the .cls file:
\def\pubreaderone#1#2#3{\gdef\@pubreaderonename{#1}\gdef\@pubreaderonetitle{#2}\gdef\@pubreaderoneaffiliation{#3}}

\if@pubreaderonename
\par
\signature{Thesis Reader}{\@pubreaderonename \\ \@pubreaderonetitle \\ \@pubreaderoneaffiliation}
\fi

in the latex file:
$if(
    pubreaders-1-name)$
    \pubreaderone{$pubreaders-1-name$}{$pubreaders-1-title$}{$pubreaders-1-affiliation$}
    $endif$

I am getting this error:
! Undefined control sequence.
\readerpage ...affiliation } \if@pubreaderonename
                                                  \par \signature {Thesis Re...

l.106 \begin{readerpage}

pandoc: Error producing PDF

So I need the code to only execute when@pubreaderonename is set.

A: The error message says that \if@pubreaderonename is undefined. If you want to test, whether \@pubreaderisonename is defined, then this can be done by:
\begingroup\expandafter\expandafter\expandafter\endgroup
\expandafter\ifx\csname @pubreaderisonename\endcsname\relax
  % \@pubreaderisonename is undefined or \relax
\else
  % \@pubreaderisonename is set
\fi

Also, this should evaluated after the place, where \pubreaderone might be called.


text:
Germanistik Hausarbeit über Viscontis 'Morte a Venezia'
Verfasst von Stefan am 19th Januar 2010 in Sonstiges
Wie bereits vor einigen Monaten angekündigt, habe ich im vergangenen Sommersemester eine Hausarbeit über Luchino Viscontis Morte a Venzia, der Adaption von Thomas Manns Der Tod in Venedig, verfasst. Die Arbeit entstand im Rahmen des Hauptseminars 'Thomas Mann: Erzählungen' an der Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen. Nun bekam ich sie korrigiert und mit der Note 1.3 versehen zurück, weshalb ich sie Euch nicht vorenthalten möchte. Vielleicht ist ja der eine oder andere daran interessiert oder findet Inspirationen für seine nächste Hausarbeit.
'Luchino Viscontis Morte a Venezia im Fokus des emotionalen und pathetischen Erzählens' (PDF, 135 KB)
Tags hausarbeit, luchino visconti, morte a venezia, pdf, thomas mann, tod in venedig, uni tuebingen
Irak Doku 'Brothers at War' ab 12.01. auf DVD
Verfasst von Stefan am 28th November 2009 in News
Der von mir in diesem Jahr am sehnlichsten erwartete Film, Brothers at War, hat es auch in den Staaten leider nur auf Stützpunkte und in ganz wenige Kinos geschafft. Die von Gary Sinise produzierte Doku erscheint nun aber am 12. Januar 2010 in den USA auf DVD. Zwar ist dies zu spät, um es eventuell in meine diesjährigen Top Filme 2009 zu schaffen, aber ich bin erstmal überglücklich, dass es ihn endlich zu sehen gibt. Der Film gestaltet sich auch deshalb so interessant, da er den Folgen des Einsatzes im Irak auf den Grund geht, was die Kriegserfahrung mit den Männern und Frauen, Familien und Freunden, angestellt hat – sowohl im positiven, als auch im negativen Sinne. An der Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen habe ich vor einigen Semestern ein Seminar besucht, das Milblogs untersucht, in denen die Soldaten Ähnliches berichten.
Johanna Roering, M.A., die das Seminar leitete, untersucht die Darstellung von Krieg in Film und anderen (neuen) Medien in ihrer Dissertation und hat zu ihren bisherigen Seminaren – u.a. auch zu dem von mir besuchten – Wikis angelegt, die die Arbeiten der Studenten dokumentieren und einige interessante Einsichten in diesen Themenkomplex geben. Mein Essay über 'Pathos in Milblogs' wird in den nächsten Monaten weiter ausformuliert und auf den modernen US-amerikanischen Kriegsactionfilm angewandt. Jake Rademacher und dem Film kann man übrigens auf Twitter und Facebook folgen. Zuletzt sei auch noch auf Five for Fighting verwiesen, dessen Sänger John Ondrasik den wunderschönen Titelsong zum Film geschrieben hat.
Tags brothers at war, doku, dokumentation, dvd, facebook, gary sinise, irak, jake rademacher, jenny rademacher, joe rademacher, johanna roering, trailer, twitter, uni tuebingen
SemiNoir: 'The Asphalt Jungle'
Verfasst von Stefan am 06th Juli 2008 in Review
SemiNoir is a continuing series of short academic essays dealing with film noirs watched and reviewed in the seminar 'Film Noir and American Culture' at the University of Tuebingen.
I really liked your reading of the film as being a study about character, honor, masculinity and motifs. Especially the protgaonist's character, Dix (Sterling Hayden), is very complex – and simultaneously he is not. The whole time his character feels like a young boy who is trapped in a man's body. I am not really sure, but Sterling Hayden either acts like a total amateur or he is this total genious actor who impersonates this boy in a man's body ingeniously. I think it has to be the latter, because he proved so many times that he is a genious actor (just think of Dr. Strangelove or Kubrick's noir The Killing). Whatever it is, it certainly goes with Dix's character which, on the outside, seems to be invincible but on the inside is just vulnerable. He is cold, he cannot rejoin his 'dame's' feelings and innuendos – no matter if he does not want to or if he simply does not understand them. He is just a boy. A boy who's keen of horses and action and not interested in women at all. He seeks the adventurous, and that is why he is helping 'Doc' (Sam Jaffe) and does not care about money or a reward (or the heart of a woman). And that is also the reason why the ending seems so touching. The whole time we were dealing with a dumb 'bully' who cannot do anything else than making use of his physical superiority. However, he is just a little boy who does not understand what he is really dealing with, and therefore we cannot blame him for acting the way he does, because we are aware of this fact – probably in contrast to himself. In the end, when he finally reaches the farm, is 'home', we cannot help but feel compassionate with this poo boy who did not get anything except the love of a woman he could not return.
And although the final passing of the hero seems to be a common motif of film noir, in this case it is not. He did not deserve to die, because he did not really do anything seriously wrong or bad. While we did not have that much sympathies for the deceased 'heroes' in the other noirs, we have in The Asphalt Jungle. It really is astonishing how little this noir has in common with the others we discussed so far (no femme fatale, no voiceover, no flashback). On the other hand, there are a lot of noirs which feature the heist motif, most of all the best film noir I have seen so far Du rififi chez les hommes (which has a lot in common with The Asphalt Jungle). Not to forget other motifs like the otherness ('Doc', the German taxi dirver), the question of identity and space, and this makes The Asphalt Jungle a pretty ambivalent noir in terms of affiliation.
Tags film noir, john huston, marilyn monroe, seminoir, sterling hayden, the asphalt jungle, uni tuebingen
SemiNoir: 'Gun Crazy' a.k.a. 'Deadly Is the Female'
Verfasst von Stefan am 03rd Juli 2008 in Review
The movie starts. We only see the dark setting: a street, some houses, a shop window, some street lights and a lot of rain coming down from above. And altough the music plays in the background it is a very calm scene(ry), one with no persons around, no public life and therefore no living at all. The whole setting looks a little bit odd, altough the rain does not make it only some kind of 'epic', but also there are no signs of a b-movie production (otherwise the streets would be foggy and the whole setting smaller). I really liked this beginning, because it draws suspension only from its scenery and its music – considering the other noirs we always had to wait a few minutes in order to get the first real 'action' (in addition, most of our noirs played with shadows in the opening credits – only Out of the Past gave us this bright and endless seeming landscape/mountains). But then, they little boy enters the scenery, and suddenly makes the whole setting look like it was a prop mainly used in theaters. Nothing seemed to work anymore as soon as the young protagonist entered: the sclae of the whole setting now seemed to be unproportional, because at first you are of the opinion that this is a huge city (and, of course, the rain plays a big role, too) and then, after the boy enters, you recognize that this is a cheesy setting of a city street. On the other hand, it almost seems like some kind of comic relief (which would fit your premise that Gun Crazy is all about mocking the noir). It is even a doubled comic relief, because the first comic relief would be the boy entering and the setting suddenly becoming 'unreal'. The second one would be the whole scene itself when the boy breaks the window, takes the gun and falls just in front of the officer's feet. However, the darkness to some extent remains – the rain, the music, the boy falling (hints to the term 'the fall guy'?), these are all underlining the darkness of film noir. Or they just mock this fact …
Furthermore the whole premise of the noir is some kind of comic relief. A boy, who loves guns, has a trauma and becomes a gangster? This clearly does not sound as 'serious' as the premises of the other noirs. Well, it could be considered a mockumentary of the American dream, especially since the boy – and the girl – are dressed like cowboys while being introduced. We all know that this is one of the most common exemplifications of the American dream/the American itself. Altough for most noir filmmakers the American dream became true, they did not like the way the government portrayed it (even in today's movies it is portrayed as being pretty cheesy and clichéd). So why not simply make fun of it? Furthermore, most of the American intellectuals respectively Hollywood are left-wing, so they do not appreciate guns in the way right-wing people do …
Tags film noir, john dall, joseph h. lewis, peggy cummins, seminoir, uni tuebingen
SemiNoir: 'Raw Deal'
Verfasst von Stefan am 01st Juli 2008 in Review
What I find most interesting about Raw Deal is its use of violence and its homosexual tendencies. Although I am still of the opinion that Out of the Past is the most violent film noir we have seen so far, there is no doubt that Raw Deal also features a lot of onscreen violence. Just think of the time period the two films were coming to the big screen. World War II was just over and brought a lot of violence not only to the U.S. but also the whole world. And what do the noirs do? Yes, they feature violence you probably never experiences like that before. On the other hand: is this not the most American paradox in movie history – which exists until today? The MPAA allows the directors to put almost as much violence into their movie as they want to be in there. On the contrary, as soon as they put a little bit of naked flesh into their production they will surely get an R-rating. However, there is also a tendency towards more family-firendly movies which therefore seek a PG(13)-rating. Anyway, one thing is for sure: filmmakers were always allowed to show more violence than sexuality – which is also contrary to Europe respectively Germany (where you can see a woman's breasts even in noon's program). Furthermore, the movie's violent content can already be seen in its posters (a man pointing a gun at someone/something) and its tagline which says: Bullets! Women! – Can't Hold a Man Like This! It almost seems like a wonder that this passed through the censor (however, it was banned in Finland in 1949, for example).
Speaking of these 'un-American' elements in the film noir, I want to bring up the homosexuality in Raw Deal. This is the second time we could observe these tendencies in a noir, which makes me wonder even more. Since I just spoke of the MPAA (respectively its predecessor) I find it very astonishing that the censors did not recognize the homosexual content of these movies. Even today homosexuality is considered as something unnatural and bad in America's culture. So how did they achieve to put it in a movie in the 1940's!? Maybe the society in the 40's did not recognize or figured out the 'signs' of homosexuality as easily as we do today. We have seen a lot of movies featuring homosexuality, there are gay and lesbian feasts and other popcultural things like that – in short: we know how they (mostly) behave and act, which makes it fairly easy to call the villian in Raw Deal a man with homosexual tendencies. But is this not also something interesting, the fact that we receive films different now than we would have in the 1940's? Nowadays people have seen so much, know so much, and probably recognize something more easily than at that time. The noirs now have a totally different, a broader audience than they had in the old days – while they were targeted at adults, nowadays even teens can see this movie (i.e. the distribution via VHS, DVD, mass media, …).
Tags anthony mann, dennis o'keefe, raw deal, seminoir, uni tuebingen
SemiNoir: 'Ride the Pink Horse'
Verfasst von Stefan am 30th Juni 2008 in Review
Gagin (Robert Montgomery) is a disillusioned patriot. He was fighting in World War II with a lot of his friends – some never came back home with him: "I've seen enough flags!" he replies when Retz (Art Smith) tells him about his 'reward' (of honor) and his deserts for his country. Retz pobably knows of Gagin's state of mind and that is why he stops bothering him when Gagin tells him so. Maybe Retz knows when to 'bother' him again … We do not know what really happened to Gagin during the war. However, Ride the Pink Horse has the most war references of all the noirs we watched so far. What we do know is that Gagin once was a patriot, fighting for his country and therefore answering its call. He made some friends 'over there', because his "I've seen enough flags!" probably refers to his dead comrads and their military burrials which in the center has the star-spangled banner which is given to the wifes or other bereaveds. Exactly this motif is a pretty common one in film and literature (e.g. The Rock, Armageddon, Man on Fire): the disillusioned ex-patriot who suddenly turns rouge and does not want anything to do with his country, which is represented here by FBI agent Retz, anymore. He then needs a special moment, probably a catharsis, to recognize that crime does not pay (the main premise of most of our noirs), but being loyal to a country's values does (he did stick to its values in the first place, did he not?).
He gets his catahrsis when the gangster beat him half-dead and when 'his' girl Pilar (Wanda Hendrix) gets into trouble. He cares about the the girl extremely much – maybe he tries to do good after having lost a comrade in the war due to his (wrong) behavior. He does not want to lose more people he feels connected to, especially because he seems to have no one except for Pilar and Pancho (Thomas Gomez). They are now his family, his sister and his brother – and in the end, when Retz joins them the family is complete. Gagin has found three things in him: his lost patriotism: "Uncle Sam", his father (Retz served the same way as a father figure as E.G. Robinson's character did in Double Indemnity), and, to a certain degree, his salvation. Furthermore, he does not totally fall in love with Pilar – how is that? Altough we do know very little about her, we do know that she is Indian. So, if Gagin is seeking salvation, why not think of her as a figure of historical weight – what if Gagin treats her that good (in the end), because he feels sorry for her and her people? The U.S. was found on the Indians and Gagin knows that, no matter how patriotic he is. He wants a full salvation, so he tries to apologize for the acts of his fellow Americans. He has fought in a war, which means that he has seen a lot of evil, and now he wants to make a clean sweep of things. Real patriotism to him therefore also means to confess that one was sometimes wrong. And he was wrong in so many cases …
Tags ride the pink horse, robert montgomery, seminoir, uni tuebingen
SemiNoir: 'Out of the Past'
Jaques Tourneur's film is by far the 'darkest' and most violent noir so far. There is a lot of killing, fighting and, of course, dying – even if it is only a small frame we get to see the dead body in. Keeping this in mind, it is no surprise that Out of the Past also has a lot of comic relief. Just take a look at the very first minutes of the movie, which take place in a diner in the middle of nowhere. The waitress is a woman who is talking and talking and talking to their guests. This dialogue between the waitress and the cop is already a comic relief if you take into condideration that the opening of the movie is pretty dark: Stephanos (Paul Valentine) yells at the Kid (Dickie Moore), teases him and calls him "Def and dumb!" This is some kind of shocking to the recipient (since one should feel sympathy for this poor boy), however, the sides are clear after this opening scene. In the course of the movie there can be found more of comic relief, tons of it. Almost every scene which features a cool one-liner by Jeff (Robert Mitchum) can be considered a comic relief. As I already mentiones: this is sometimes urgently necessary, because of the violence portrayed in Out of the Past. However, at one point, the recipient gets that indifferent that he even considers a knock out of a 'not so much guilty' person a comic relief – remarkable! But on the other hand: is this not just our generation. Our generation which is used to a lot of violence on and off screen? Did the original audience in 1947 laugh when the man got knocked out by one single cool hit by Jeff?
Whatever it is, one thing is for sure: Out of the Past was even idiosyncratic in a lot of ways for today's Hollywood thrillers and crime films. Just think of how Jeff and Kathie (Jane Greer) set their 'hunters' on the wrong track – today this is a common feature of a thriller if he does not want to give away his premise right from the beginning. In addition, until the very end of the movie you do not know to whom Kathie's real loyalty belongs to. Now take a look at the films which are considered the best thrillers of all time – what would, for example, The Usual Suspects be without its plottwists. Or what about Se7en? Furthermore, the scene with the cabin in the forest features a lot of horror film elements. Tourneur previously did some horror films, yes, and you can see that even in Out of the Past. It is night, the forest is dark and suddenly an unknown person appears which does not seem to be friendly. The only lighting comes from his car's head lights and the cabin … Some scenes later, Jeff and his ex-partner Fisher (Steve Brodie) have a fight, which is not only raw but very violent (consider the sound effects!). Kathie stands aside the two male, fearing the end of the fight. The two big shadows of the men are shown on the curtain, where the camer focusses on for a few seconds – it is pure horror and also a common motif for today's horror/backwood slasher films.
Tags jacques tourneur, out of the past, robert mitchum, seminoir, uni tuebingen
SemiNoir: 'Double Indemnity'
To be quite honest: Until this moment I did not really know which aspect of the movie to take and focus on. I do not know what this means for the movie or my reception of it, however, I think this noir is a little bit overrated in its general reception. On the one hand it shows not only very good performances, but also Wilder's talent of directing. After having seen this one would probably not believe that Wilder did some of the funniest (!) movies ever, in particular One, Two, Three. If you keep this in mind and take a look at Double Indemnity, at first one would think that the noir has no sign of comedic elements, however, if one takes a closer look at it, there is a lot of comic relief (e.g. the scene with Keyes and the foreign truck driver) – even the way Keyes (E.G. Robinson) is behaving one can find comic relief in it. On the other hand Double Indemnity is not as interesting and versatile than, for example, my favorite noir so far, Out of the Past (whose dialogue is simply brilliant). I think it is the most 'comprehensible' noir, and maybe this is the reason why it is so well-known and well-received. However, it is still a very good noir, indeed (and there is a lot of 'meta' to it – e.g. as we discussed the father-son conflict, the father figure, the insurance business, the sexuality, Nino, …).
Furthermore, the aspcet I am most interested in now is the title and how it is connected to the movie. To be quite honest again: I did not know what these two words meant until I looked it up. In addition, it is also mentioned in the movie itself, when Neff (Fred MacMurray) tells Phyllis (Barbara Stanwyck) that their planned 'assasination' would be "A double indemnity. The insurance would pay twice the amaount insured." So the title indicates the central motif for our two protagonists – in other words this means: doubled money (for the murder). Yet, 'double indemnity' does mean something else for Neff and Phyllis. For Phyllis it is a double 'insurance'. She has nothing to fear, because she is double insured: firstly, she can blame Neff for the murder any time (although she is a complice), and secondly, she gets rid of her husband. In other words: she does not only get a double indemnity, but a double double indemnity – she gets rid of her husband, she can blame Jeff for his murder and gets not only the single amount of (insurance) money but the double amount. It is almost the same for Jeff: he can show that he is intelectually superior to his 'father', Keyes, gets the girl (Phyllis) and finally the money. In the end, however, they would have to share the money so that it is no double but a single indemnity for each one of them …
Tags billy wilder, double indemnity, film noir, seminoir, uni tuebingen
SemiNoir: 'Where the Sidewalk Ends'
What first came to my mind after having seen this movie was disappointment. Was this movie really financed by 20th Century Fox, one of the biggest and most traditional studios in Hollywood? In terms of fund raising and production qualities, RKO – the production company of the previous films – is probably nothing compared to Fox (although RKO is one of the most traditional production companies in Hollywood until today). Yes, you can see that Where the Sidewalk Ends was way more expensive than, for example, Detour. Just think of the portrayal of the city of New York. In Detour it is a cloudy something and the recipient can only guess which city is being portrayed (if he does not know it in the first place). Yes, there are also signs which indicate that the protagonists are currently staying in New York City, however, it never gets rid of the apparentness of a b-movie. In contrast to that, if you take a look at Where the Sidewalk Ends you are not in need of eagle eyes to recognize that this movie was more expensive than Detour. You can see the Brooklyn Bridge, bright illuminated panels, cars, in short: this has to be the real New York, there is no doubt (and indeed, it is the real NYC). I always like it when studios use authentic filming locations (although nowadays they expand to Eastern Europe beacuse it is way cheaper), and I pretty much appreciated it in Preminger's film. On the other hand, however, the movie was not as sophisticated as the locations made it look like. Indeed, there were noirish elements (crime doesn't pay, WWII references, etc.) and the acting was really good, too, yet, the whole thing seemed a little bit too 'trivial' to mee (and yes, it was the 'worst' noir so far).
The story has not much to offer, the homoerotic tendencies were something new, yes, but we did not really come up with a proper interpretation of the whole context in our group discussion. Why did Scalise and his gang members escape all of a sudden (without really caring about Dixon) when they told Dixon that they had all the time in the world and did not have to care about anything a few minutes before the police arrive? To a certain degree it all seemed a little bit callowed to us, because the motifs of the protagonists – or at least of Scalise and his guys – were not that clear. Generally, I was disappointed because of this fact, because it was not any studio, it was Fox, which also means that they had the money … On the other hand, money does not always stand for quality, at least not for cinematic quality. Maybe it is just like nowadays, where the really good movies are mostly the cheap and independently produced movies, because here people care about what they are doing. If you have not got the money, you care twice as much about what the final result will look like. Where the Sidewalk Ends is no bad movie, not at all, it is just a perfect example for the unwritten fact that big budget does not necessarily mean 'big' movie …
Tags film noir, otto preminger, seminoir, uni tuebingen, where the sidewalk ends
SemiNoir: 'Detour'
After having seen the two noirs (and some others which we did and will not cover in the seminar [e.g. The Maltese Falcon, Du rififi chez les hommes]) I recognized how 'dark' (in terms of light) these films are. Of course, they are shot in black and white, but even in a black and white movie you can easily differentiate between blonde women – like Sue (Claudia Drake) – and brunette ones like the film's femme fatale, Vera (Ann Savage). Interestingly enough, when Sue first appeared, I thought that she will be the film's femme fatale since she is blonde. However, this seems to indicate that the film noir clischés are not always true, no. Detour's femme fatale is a brunette, altough she perfectly fits the archetypical strong woman who knows how to deal with the opposite sex. In this particular case she is even a leader, someone who knows exactly what she wants – just like Sterling Hayden's character in Stanley Kubrick's The Killing. Once again it is interesting to mention that she physically is not of superior size; more like the contrary (remember Peter Lorre in Stranger on the Third Floor!).
But let us return to the literal darkness of film noir, especially the lighting in Detour. The low budget of the movie explains the darkness of most of the settings. New York is very foggy and it is night when the protagonists take a walk on the city's streets (by the way, the scene extremeley reminded me of Casablanca and its final scene at the airfield). It is night most of the film anyway, so this does not seem to surprise one overly. Yet even in the scenes where Al (Tom Neal) and Haskell (Edmund MacDonald) drive along the street (at night), the car's headlights are not as bright as they should be. The only source of light are the other cars on the street which are, however, very rare. The darkness of these scenes in particular shows that the relationship between Al and Haskell is a very 'weird' one. We know from Al's inner monologue that he is careful about the whole situation, yet the recipient cannot help but think of a very dangerous and suspensful situation in which Al finds himself. And the lighting is the sylistic device that amplifies this certain effect. This can even be spotted in the beginning when the whole diner (?) seems to be dark except for Al's eyes which are the only thing exposed. Furthermore, all of the scenes which take place in the hotel room are dark. 'Dark' not only in the sense of tone and mood, but also in the sense of environment. Whenever Al and Vera discuss things in the hotel room it is dark outside. The only thing we hear through that darkness is the saxophone being played – which bothers Al pretty heavily. In addition, everything bad which happens to Al takes place in the darknes respectively during the night: Haskell's death, Vera's death, and Al's arrest…
In conclusion, even in films called 'noirs' one can distinguish between 'natural' darkness and 'intended' darkness. It is not so much a technical accomplishment, but rather one in form and content. What suggests itself better than a dark movie done with dark formalities?
Tags detour, edgar g. ulmer, film noir, seminoir, uni tuebingen


text:
Q: Error when running adt bundle on Ubuntu 13.04 when I run Eclipse on Ubuntu I faced with the following error
i'm sorry for bad speak english
image :bayanbox.ir/id/5851514597346971673?view

A: Close Eclipse, try to run the following in terminal than open eclipse again:
sudo chmod +x -R /home/abbasalim/adt-bundle-linux-x86-20130219/ && chmod 777 -R /home/abbasalim/adt-bundle-linux-x86-20130219/


text:
import md5
import os
import random
import time
from tashi.aws.wsdl.AmazonEC2_services_server import *
from tashi.rpycservices.rpyctypes import *
from tashi.aws.util import *
import tashi.aws.util
import tashi

def getImages():
	IMGDIR="/mnt/merkabah/tashi/images/"
	imgList = os.listdir(IMGDIR)
	images = {}
	for img in imgList:
		fullImg = IMGDIR + img
		if (os.path.isdir(fullImg)):
			continue
		imageId = "ami-%8.8s" % (md5.md5(img).hexdigest())
		images[imageId] = img
	return images

def makeTashiInstanceEC2Instance(inst):
	res = RunInstancesResponseMsg()
	res = res.new_instancesSet()
	instanceItem = res.new_item()
	instanceItem.instanceId = "i-%8.8d" % (inst.id)
	instanceItem.imageId = "ami-%8.8s" % (md5.md5(inst.disks[0].uri).hexdigest())
	instanceItem.instanceState = instanceItem.new_instanceState()
	instanceItem.instanceState.code = inst.state
	instanceItem.instanceState.name = "%10.10s" % (tashi.vmStates[inst.state])
	instanceItem.privateDnsName = inst.name
	instanceItem.dnsName = str(inst.nics[0].ip)
	#instanceItem.reason = 'None'
	instanceItem.keyName = "%12.12d" % (inst.userId)
	instanceItem.amiLaunchIndex = str(inst.id)
	#instanceItem.productCodes = instanceItem.new_productCodes()
	#productItem = instanceItem.productCodes.new_item()
	#productItem.productCode = '774F4FF8'
	#instanceItem.productCodes.item = [productItem]
	sizeList = sizes.items()
	sizeList.sort(cmp=lambda x, y: cmp(cmp(x[1][0], y[1][0]) + cmp(x[1][1], y[1][1]), 0))
	sizeList.reverse()
	mySize = 'undef'
	for size in sizeList:
		if (inst.memory <= size[1][0] and inst.cores <= size[1][1]):
			mySize = size[0]
	instanceItem.instanceType = mySize
	instanceItem.launchTime = time.time()
	instanceItem.placement = instanceItem.new_placement()
	instanceItem.placement.availabilityZone = 'tashi'
	#instanceItem.kernelId = 'aki-ba3adfd3'
	#instanceItem.ramdiskId = 'ari-badbad00'
	#instanceItem.platform = 'Linux'
	instanceItem.monitoring = instanceItem.new_monitoring()
	instanceItem.monitoring.state = 'OFF'
	return instanceItem

def RunInstances(imageId, minCount, maxCount, instanceType='m1.small', groupSet=None, keyName=None, additionalInfo="", userData={'data':None}, addressingType="", placement={'availabilityZone':None}, kernelId="", ramdiskId="", blockDeviceMapping={'virtualName':None,'deviceName':None}, monitoring={'enabled':False}):
	inst = Instance()
	inst.userId = userNameToId(tashi.aws.util.authorizedUser)
	res = RunInstancesResponseMsg()
	res.requestId = genRequestId()
	if (additionalInfo == ""):
		inst.name = tashi.aws.util.authorizedUser + res.requestId
	else:
		inst.name = additionalInfo
	(inst.memory, inst.cores) = sizes.get(instanceType, (0, 0))
	dc = DiskConfiguration()
	images = getImages()
	if (imageId in images):
		dc.uri = images[imageId]
	else:
		dc.uri = imageId
	dc.persistent = False
	inst.disks = [dc]
	nc = NetworkConfiguration()
	nc.network = 999
	nc.mac = '52:54:00:%2.2x:%2.2x:%2.2x' % (random.randint(0, 255), random.randint(0, 255), random.randint(0, 255))
	inst.nics = [nc]
	inst.hints = {}
	oldInst = inst
	inst = client.createVm(oldInst)
	res.reservationId = 'r-12345678'
	res.ownerId = 'UYY3TLBUXIEON5NQVUUX6OMPWBZIQNFM'
	res.groupSet = res.new_groupSet()
	item = res.groupSet.new_item()
	item.groupId = '1234'
	res.groupSet.item = [item]
	res.instancesSet = res.new_instancesSet()
	instanceItem = makeTashiInstanceEC2Instance(inst)
	res.instancesSet.item = [instanceItem]
	return res

def GetConsoleOutput():
	raise NotImplementedError

def TerminateInstances(instancesSet={'item':{}}):
	res = TerminateInstancesResponseMsg()
	res.requestId = genRequestId()
	res.instancesSet = res.new_instancesSet()
	items = []
	if (instancesSet):
		for instanceId in instancesSet['item'].values():
			thisInstanceId = int(filter(lambda x: x in "0123456789", instanceId))
			item = res.instancesSet.new_item()
			item.instanceId = str(instanceId)
			item.shutdownState = item.new_shutdownState()
			item.shutdownState.code = InstanceState.Exited
			item.shutdownState.name = tashi.vmStates[InstanceState.Exited]
			item.previousState = item.new_previousState()
			item.previousState.code = InstanceState.Running
			item.previousState.name = tashi.vmStates[InstanceState.Running]
			client.destroyVm(int(thisInstanceId))
			items.append(item)
	res.instancesSet.item = items
	return res

def RebootInstances():
	raise NotImplementedError

def DescribeInstances(instancesSet={}):
	instances = client.getInstances()
	res = DescribeInstancesResponseMsg()
	res.requestId = genRequestId()
	res.reservationSet = res.new_reservationSet()
	item = res.reservationSet.new_item()
	item.reservationId = 'r-12345678'
	item.ownerId = 'UYY3TLBUXIEON5NQVUUX6OMPWBZIQNFM'
	item.groupSet = item.new_groupSet()
	groupItem = item.groupSet.new_item()
	groupItem.groupId = 'default'
	item.groupSet.item = [groupItem]
	item.instancesSet = item.new_instancesSet()
	item.instancesSet.item = []
	instances.sort(cmp=lambda x, y: cmp(x.id, y.id))
	for inst in instances:
		userName = userIdToName(inst.userId)
		if (userName == tashi.aws.util.authorizedUser):
			instanceItem = makeTashiInstanceEC2Instance(inst)
			item.instancesSet.item.append(instanceItem)
	# For some reason, if item.instancesSet is empty,
	# "Server: Processing Failure is printed out on the command line.
	item.requesterId = '1234'
	res.reservationSet.item = [item]
	return res

functions = ['RunInstances', 'GetConsoleOutput', 'TerminateInstances', 'RebootInstances', 'DescribeInstances']


This book presents a dynamic coaching model that helps college students become self-regulated learners by improving their goal-setting, planning, time management, and organizational skills. Ideal for use with students with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), learning disabilities, acquired brain injury, and other challenges, Kennedy's approach incorporates motivational interviewing and emphasizes practical problem solving. User-friendly features include numerous concrete examples, sample dialogues, and print and online resource listings. In a large-size format for easy photocopying, the book contains 21 reproducible forms. Purchasers get access to a Web page where they can download and print the reproducible materials.


The former Schocken department store by Erich Mendelsohn will be converted to a museum. The conversion adopts and accentuates the existing architectural vocabulary. So that the diligently restored band facade must not be darkened for exhibitions, repetitive bays with natural daylight will be developed on the upper levels. The walls installed in the exbition spaces do not connect to the structural beams so as to maintain the the spatial ambience. A new centrally located stair-ramp construction connects all exhibition levels.