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Cannabis in California has been legal for medical use since 1996, and for recreational use since late 2016. The state of California has been at the forefront of efforts to liberalize cannabis laws in the United States, beginning in 1972 with the nation's first ballot initiative attempting to legalize cannabis (Proposition 19). Although it was unsuccessful, California would later become the first state to legalize medical cannabis with the passage of the Compassionate Use Act of 1996 (Proposition 215).  In November 2016, California voters approved the Adult Use of Marijuana Act (Proposition 64) to legalize the recreational use of cannabis.

As a result of recreational legalization, local governments (city and county) may not prohibit adults from growing, using, or transporting marijuana for personal use. Commercial activities can be regulated or prohibited by local governments although deliveries cannot be prohibited. Following recreational legalization, existing growers and suppliers of medical cannabis were required to register, comply with regulations, and apply for permits. Over half of the nonprofit dispensaries legally providing medical marijuana closed. Local agencies have been slow to approve retail stores selling cannabis for recreational purposes with most cities and counties banning retail with a wait and see approach. Many existing growers have been slow to apply for permits as it has been estimated that 60 percent or more of all cannabis consumed in the United States comes from northern California. The export of marijuana to other states remains illegal since the U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration considers it a Schedule I drug.

Reducing illegal activity is considered essential for the success of legal operations who pay the considerable taxes assessed by state and local authorities. Many people do not have nearby retail stores selling cannabis and continue to buy from unlicensed sellers. Illegal growing continues in remote rural areas. Raids and confiscation by law enforcement of illegal retail and grow operations has continued and in some cases stepped up after legalization.

California's main regulatory agencies were initially the Bureau of Cannabis Control (BCC), Department of Food and Agriculture, and Department of Public Health. Their responsibilities were merged under the Department of Cannabis Control in 2021.

Current state and local regulation
Companies must be licensed by the local agency to grow, test, or sell cannabis within each jurisdiction. Cities and counties (unincorporated areas) may license none or only some of these activities. Deliveries by state-licensed firms cannot be prohibited by local jurisdictions as of January 2019 per BCC Regulation 5416. Unlicensed sales were not reduced as fast as many expected. The growth of the legal market has been inhibited since the majority of cities and counties have not allowed the retail sale of cannabis. Due to the continued operation of much illegal activity, heavy taxation is an important issue for licensed operators. They are concerned about the perceived lack of sufficient enforcement against illegal activities. The legal market includes the cost of mandatory testing. Transitioning from a provisional, temporary license to a permanent license has also been difficult. As of April 2020, about 82% of the cannabis licenses were still provisional. Authorities warn that the illegal market may contain pesticide or other chemical residues and mold. Other products sold illegally that have not been tested include edible products and vaping pens.

Since there are many communities where no stores have been allowed, state legislators have introduced bills that would force many local jurisdictions to allow some retail establishments especially if a majority in the area voted in favor of legalizing cannabis for recreational purposes. Local governments have been critical of the proposal and were joined by a May 2019 editorial in the Los Angeles Times that was critical of this type of legislation. State legislators argue that the lack of access to legal establishments is one reason the illegal sales continue.

Besides being licensed by each local agency, the industry was under three different state regulatory agencies. Retailers, distributors and testing labs were regulated by the Bureau of Cannabis Control. Cultivators were under the Department of Food and Agriculture's CalCannabis Cultivation Licensing Division. The Department of Public Health's Manufactured Cannabis Safety Branch dealt with product manufacturers. In July 2021, all government cannabis agencies were consolidated into the Department of California Cannabis Control.

California prohibits the export of marijuana to other states since with the U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration considers it a Schedule 1 drug. California grows up to five times more than its residents consume by some accounts. Others have estimated that 80% of the crop is shipped out of state. Exported cannabis not only escapes taxation or regulation by California but users in other states will pay a much higher price. The Federal Bureau of Investigation has investigated officials in several cities and counties.

Possession
Local governments may not prohibit adults from growing, using or transporting marijuana for personal use. An appeals court ruled that inmates who possess small amounts of marijuana in prison are not guilty of a felony crime. Attorney General Xavier Becerra's office had argued that possessing small amounts of marijuana is legally banned in prison which can result in significantly increasing a prisoner's sentence.

Cultivation
Cannabis is estimated to be the largest cash crop in California with a value of more than $11 billion. The state provided most of the cannabis consumed in the United States prior to legalization which was intended to provide a transition to legal, licensed growing. The California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) requires a detailed analysis of the environmental impact of growers operations. Statewide, 208 growers had obtained regular, annual licenses by July 2019. At this point of some 18 months into legalization, 1,532 growers were still operating on provisional permits as they went through the CEQA process that requires extensive paperwork. Smaller farms were given five years to become established under legalization before larger growers were allowed to enter the market. Under the regulations set to expire in 2023, growers can have only one medium licence but there is no limit on the number of small licenses an individual grower can have. This loophole has allowed larger growers to operate.

Humboldt, Mendocino, and Trinity counties have long been known as Northern California's Emerald Triangle as it is estimated that 60 percent or more of all cannabis consumed in the United States is grown there. Registering and applying for permits has not been an easy decision for many long time growers in these three counties.

In Santa Barbara County, cannabis growing has taken over greenhouses that formerly grew flowers. In the first four months of legalization, the county had almost 800 permits issued for cultivators, the most of any county in the state.

Calaveras County registered more than seven hundred cultivators after county voters approved a tax in 2016.

Trespass grows
Unlicensed growing continues in remote rural areas and has expanded according to law enforcement reports. Raids and confiscation of illegal grow operations by law enforcement has continued and in some cases stepped up after legalization. Illegal grows are partially responsible for record levels of water thefts during the drought that began in 2020.

Pests and diseases

A large number of insect pests are significant, along with some mammals: Mice, Rattus rattus, Neotoma rat spp., Thomomys gopher spp., black-tailed deer (Odocoileus hemionus columbianus), and black bears (Ursus americanus). Powdery mildew Sphaerotheca macularis and various Pythium root rots (Pythium spp.) are important diseases in this crop. The Department of Pesticide Regulation provides legal guidance and treatment recommendations for all of these.

On-site consumption
In July 2019, West Hollywood approved a cannabis consumption license for Lowell Herb Co, "the first of its kind in the nation". Lowell Farms: A Cannabis Cafe opened in September 2019 with a menu of cannabis for consumption, THC-infused drinks and meals for cannabis-enhanced sense of taste and smell. It includes the expertise of cannabis sommeliers, known as "budtenders" on site. It has since been rebranded as the "Original Cannabis Cafe", separating itself from the Lowell Farms corporate brand. A retail establishment Seaweed On Ocean, was licensed in Lompoc for on site consumption in July 2018 and opened December 2019, claims to be the first between Los Angeles and San Francisco.

Retail and delivery
Stores selling cannabis for recreational purposes have been banned from 80% of the 482 municipalities in California. In September 2019, 873 cannabis sellers had been licensed by the state while the United Cannabis Business Assn. conducted an audit that estimated there are approximately 2,835 unlicensed dispensaries and delivery services based on advertising. Legal retailers say the illegal market is larger than the legal market due to the high costs they pay in start-up permit costs and on-going taxes. They complain about the lack of effective enforcement against unlicensed shops.

Prior to 2018, about 2,000 nonprofit dispensaries legally provided medical marijuana. Legalization introduced regulations that increased the cost of operation and more than 65% of dispensaries shut their doors. Recreational marijuana shops began to open in January 2018, with many districts beginning recreational sales on the first or fifth of January 2018. In January, 2018, Los Angeles had no licensed retailers; the closest cities with licensed retail sales were Santa Ana on January 1 and West Hollywood on January 2. , 187 dispensaries had temporary city approval in Los Angeles.  Los Angeles adopted an ordinance in 2018 to restrict some storefront and billboard advertising after research showed that young adults who lived near dispensaries that had storefront signage used marijuana more frequently than their peers and have more positive views about the drug.

Many dispensaries and delivery companies continued to operate under the stay-at-home order during the COVID-19 pandemic. With an executive order on March 22, Governor Gavin Newsom declared cannabis one of the enterprises to be considered an essential business.

Special events
Organizers of cannabis festivals are required to get permission from state and local agencies. Under the permits, they can let anyone 21 and older buy and smoke weed at the festival. In 2019, Outside Lands Music and Arts Festival in San Francisco became the first major music festival to offer legal cannabis for sale on site. The area was known as "Grass Lands" and sold more than $1 million in cannabis products such as edibles, vaping cartridges and joints over the three-day event.

History

Industrial hemp
Cannabis was cultivated for fiber and rope as early as 1795 in California, when cultivation began at Mission San Jose under the governorship of Diego de Borica. Cannabis was grown in several regions of Southern California, with two-thirds of it being grown on the missions. California produced 13,000 pounds of hemp in 1807, and 220,000 pounds in 1810. However, in 1810 Mexico began to rebel against the Spanish crown, and the subsidies for growing hemp were cut, leading to a near-disappearance of the crop. A few missions continued to grow it for local use, and the Russian colonists grew hemp at Fort Ross until the station was abandoned in 1841.

Psychoactive cannabis
Among the early cultivators of cannabis for recreational use in California were Arabs, Armenians, and Turks who grew cannabis as early as 1895 to make hashish for local consumption. Unlike in other states where fears of black or Hispanic use of cannabis drove new restrictions, California was an exception for its focus on South Asian immigrants. A California delegate to the Hague Convention wrote in 1911: Within the last year we in California have been getting a large influx of Hindoos and they have in turn started quite a demand for cannabis indica; they are a very undesirable lot and the habit is growing in California very fast.

Criminalization
The Poison Act was passed in California in 1907, and in 1913 an amendment was made to make possession of "extracts, tinctures, or other narcotic preparations of hemp, or loco-weed, their preparations and compounds" a misdemeanor. There is no evidence that the law was ever used or intended to restrict pharmaceutical cannabis; instead it was a legislative mistake, and in 1915 another amendment forbade the sale or possession of "flowering tops and leaves, extracts, tinctures and other narcotic preparations of hemp or loco weed (Cannabis sativa), Indian hemp" except with a prescription. Both bills were drafted and supported by the California State Board of Pharmacy.

In 1914, one of the first cannabis drug raids in the nation occurred in the Mexican-American neighborhood of Sonoratown in Los Angeles, where police raided two "dream gardens" and confiscated a wagonload of cannabis. In 1925, possession, which had previously been treated the same as distribution, became punishable by up to 6 years in prison, and black market sale, which had initially been a misdemeanor punishable by a $100–$400 fine and/or 50–180 days in jail for first offenders, became punishable by 6 months–6 years. In 1927, the laws designed to target opium usage were finally extended to Indian hemp. In 1929, second offenses for possession became punishable by sentences of 6 months–10 years. In 1937, cannabis cultivation became a separate offense.

By 1932, 60% of narcotics arrests in Los Angeles involved cannabis, which was considered "much less serious than the morphine cases." In 1954, penalties for marijuana possession were hiked to a minimum 1–10 years in prison, and sale was made punishable by 5–15 years with a mandatory 3 years before eligibility for parole; two prior felonies raised the maximum sentences for both offenses to life imprisonment.

Popularization
In the 1950s and 1960s, the beatnik and later hippie cultures experimented with cannabis, driving increased interest in the drug. In 1964, the first cannabis legalization group was formed in the U.S. when Lowell Eggemeier of San Francisco was arrested, and his attorney established LEMAR (LEgalize MARijuana) shortly afterwards. By the mid-1960s, the Saturday Evening Post was publishing articles estimating that half the college population of California had tried cannabis. One writer commented that usage was: so widespread that pot must be considered an integral part of the generation's life experience.

Illicit cultivation
In the 1960s–1970s, people in California had developed the sinsemilla ("without seeds") method of producing cannabis, uprooting the male plants before they could pollinate the females, resulting a seedless and more potent cannabis. Around 1975, this technique arrived in Humboldt County, which was to become one of the nation's most famous centers of cannabis production. California growers received an unintentional advantage from the US government, which in the 1970s began spraying cannabis fields in Mexico with the herbicide paraquat. Fears of contamination led to a drop in demand for cheaper Mexican cannabis, and a corresponding increase in demand for California-grown cannabis. By 1979, 35% of cannabis consumed in California was grown in-state. By 2010, 79% of cannabis nationwide came from California.

Decriminalization

Moscone Act (1975)
Decriminalization of cannabiswhich treats possession of small amounts as a civil (rather than a criminal) offensewas established in July 1975 when the state legislature passed Senate Bill 95, the Moscone Act. SB 95 made possession of  of marijuana a misdemeanor punishable by a $100 fine, with higher punishments for amounts greater than one ounce, for possession on school grounds, or for cultivation.

"Smoke a joint, lose your license" expires (1999)

In 1999, a state law was allowed to expire that mandated a six-month driver's license suspension for possession of cannabis or other illegal drugs. The law was enacted in 1994 at the urging of Governor Pete Wilson, who argued that the policy kept unsafe drivers off the road and helped prevent illegal drug use. Critics argued that the punishment was excessive and often had nothing to do with the offense committed. The law resulted in as many as 100,000 license suspensions per year according to the California Department of Motor Vehicles.

Proposition 36 (2000)

Proposition 36 (also known as the Substance Abuse and Crime Prevention Act of 2000) was approved by 61% of voters, requiring that "first and second offense drug violators be sent to drug treatment programs instead of facing trial and possible incarceration."

Senate Bill 1449 (2010)
On September 30, 2010, Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger signed into law CA State Senate Bill 1449, which further reduced the charge of possession of  of cannabis or less, from a misdemeanor to an infraction, similar to a traffic violation—a maximum of a $100 fine and no mandatory court appearance or criminal record. The law became effective January 1, 2011.

Medical cannabis legalization

Early reform efforts (pre-1996)
The movement to legalize medical cannabis in the U.S. sprang out of San Francisco in the early 1990s, with efforts soon spreading statewide and eventually across the nation.  Proposition P was approved by 79% of San Francisco voters in November 1991, calling on state lawmakers to pass legislation allowing the medical use of cannabis.  The city board of supervisors additionally passed a resolution in August 1992 urging the police commission and district attorney to "make lowest priority the arrest or prosecution of those involved in the possession or cultivation of [cannabis] for medicinal purposes" and to "allow a letter from a treating physician to be used as prima facia evidence that marijuana can alleviate the pain and suffering of that patient's medical condition".  The resolution enabled the open sale of cannabis to AIDS patients and others within the city, most notably through the San Francisco Cannabis Buyers Club which was operated by medical cannabis activist Dennis Peron (who spearheaded Proposition P and later the statewide Proposition 215).  Similar clubs appeared outside San Francisco in the ensuing years as other cities passed legislation to support the medical use of cannabis.  The Wo/Men's Alliance for Medical Marijuana was founded in 1993 after 75% of Santa Cruz voters approved Measure A in November 1992.  And the Oakland Cannabis Buyers' Cooperative was founded in 1995 shortly before the city council passed multiple medical cannabis resolutions.

Following the lead of San Francisco and other cities in California, state lawmakers passed Senate Joint Resolution 8 in 1993, a non-binding measure calling on the federal government to enact legislation allowing physicians to prescribe cannabis.  In 1994, Senate Bill 1364 was approved by state legislators, to reclassify cannabis as a Schedule II drug at the state level.  And Assembly Bill 1529 was approved in 1995, to create a medical necessity defense for patients using cannabis with a physician's recommendation, for treatment of AIDS, cancer, glaucoma, or multiple sclerosis.  Both SB 1364 and AB 1529 were vetoed by Governor Pete Wilson, however, paving the way for the passage of Proposition 215 in 1996.

Proposition 215 (1996)

Frustrated by vetoes of medical cannabis bills in successive years, medical cannabis advocates in California took the issue directly to the voters, collecting 775,000 signatures for qualification of a statewide ballot initiative in 1996.  Proposition 215the Compassionate Use Act of 1996was subsequently approved with 56% of the vote, legalizing the use, possession, and cultivation of cannabis by patients with a physician's recommendation, for treatment of cancer, anorexia, AIDS, chronic pain, spasticity, glaucoma, arthritis, migraine, or "any other illness for which marijuana provides relief".  The law also allowed patient caregivers to cultivate cannabis, and urged lawmakers to facilitate the "safe and affordable distribution of marijuana".

Senate Bill 420 (2003)

Vague wording became a major criticism of Proposition 215, though the law has since been clarified through state Supreme Court rulings and the passage of subsequent laws. The first such legislative solution came in January 2003 with the passage of Senate Bill 420 (colloquially known as the Medical Marijuana Program Act).  Senate Bill 420 established an identification card system for medical cannabis patients, and allowed the formation of non-profit collectives for provision of cannabis to patients.

In 2006 San Diego County filed a lawsuit over its required participation in the state ID card program, but the challenge was later struck down and the city was forced to comply. In January 2010 the California Supreme Court ruled in People v. Kelly that SB 420 did not limit the quantity of cannabis that a patient can possess.  All possession limits were therefore lifted.

Implementation and criticism
California was the first state to establish a medical cannabis program, enacted by Proposition 215 in 1996 and Senate Bill 420 in 2003. Proposition 215, also known as the Compassionate Use Act, allows people the right to obtain and use cannabis for any illness if they obtain a recommendation from a doctor. The Supreme Court of California has ruled there are no specified limits as to what a patient may possess in their private residence if the cannabis is strictly for the patient's own use. Medical cannabis identification cards are issued through the California Department of Public Health's Medical Marijuana Program (MMP). The program began in three counties in May 2005, and expanded statewide in August of the same year. 37,236 cards have been issued throughout 55 counties as of December 2009. However, cannabis dispensaries within the state accept recommendations, with an embossed license, from a doctor who has given the patient an examination and believes cannabis would be beneficial for their ailment.

Critics of California's medical cannabis program argued that the program essentially gave cannabis quasi-legality, as "anyone can obtain a recommendation for medical marijuana at any time for practically any ailment". Acknowledging that there were instances in which the system was abused and that laws could be improved, Stephen Gutwillig of the Drug Policy Alliance insisted that what Proposition 215 had accomplished was "nothing short of incredible". Gutwillig argued that because of the law, 200,000 patients in the state had safe and affordable access to medical cannabis to relieve pain and treat medical conditions, without having to risk arrest or buy off the black market.

Conflict with federal law
Although Proposition 215 legalized medical cannabis in California, at the federal level it remained a Schedule I prohibited drug.  Seeking to enforce this prohibition, the Justice Department conducted numerous raids and prosecutions of medical cannabis providers throughout the state in subsequent years. Who grows marijuana and where it comes from were lightly regulated. Federal authorities claimed that these medical marijuana businesses were fronts for the black market. Also rather than growing medical marijuana in small batches for patients, they claimed the cannabis was coming from Mexico or large hidden grows in California. Some state and local officials strongly supported these enforcement efforts, in particular Attorney General Dan Lungren who was a vocal opponent of Proposition 215 leading up to its passage.  Other officials, such as San Francisco District Attorney Terence Hallinan, condemned the actions as a gross intrusion into the state's affairs.  The raids and prosecutions increased in frequency throughout the Bush and Obama years, until finally in December 2014 the Rohrabacher–Farr amendment was enacted at the federal level.

One of the raids that occurred was at the Wo/Men's Alliance for Medical Marijuana in Santa Cruz in September 2002. WAMM was a non-profit collective set up to provide cannabis to seriously ill patients, and was working closely with local authorities to follow all applicable state and local laws. On the morning of September 5, DEA agents equipped with paramilitary gear and semiautomatic weapons stormed the premises, destroyed all the cannabis plants, and arrested the property owners Mike and Valerie Corral. This prompted an angry response from nearby medical cannabis patientssome in wheelchairswho gathered at the site to block federal agents from leaving, until finally after three hours later the Corrals were released. The raid triggered a strong backlash from Santa Cruz city officials as well, who sanctioned an event two weeks later where cannabis was handed out to patients on the steps of city hall, attracting widespread media attention.  The DEA was "appalled" by the event, but took no further action.

Further pushback against federal enforcement efforts occurred in June 2003 following the jury trial conviction of Ed Rosenthal, who had been raided by the DEA in 2002 for growing more than 100 cannabis plants in an Oakland warehouse.  Because cannabis remained a prohibited substance under federal law, jurors could not be informed that Rosenthal had been deputized by the city of Oakland to grow the cannabis, or even that the cannabis was being used for medical purposes only.  Rosenthal was easily convicted as a result; however, immediately following the trial, when jurors found out the true circumstances of the case, they publicly renounced the verdict they had just handed down and demanded a retrial.  Judge Charles Breyer, in part influenced by the extraordinary action of the jurors, sentenced Rosenthal to just one day in jail, of which he had already served.

In July 2007, a new tactic was adopted by the DEA of threatening landlords renting to medical cannabis providers.  Letters were sent to a number of property owners in the Los Angeles area, informing them that they faced up to 20 years in prison for violating the "crack house statute" of the Controlled Substances Act, in addition to seizure of their properties.  This tactic subsequently spread to other areas of California, while DEA raids continued to increase as well in the following years.  In October 2011 an extensive and coordinated crackdown on California's cannabis dispensaries was announced by the chief prosecutors of the state's four federal districts.

Three major court cases originated in California that attempted to challenge the federal government's ability to enforce federal law in states that have legalized medical cannabis.  Conant v. McCaffrey was brought forth in response to various threats made by the federal government against doctors who recommend cannabis to patients.  Decided in 2000, it upheld the right of physicians to recommend but not prescribe cannabis.  In United States v. Oakland Cannabis Buyers' Cooperative (decided in 2001), it was argued that medical use of cannabis should be permitted as constituted by a "medical necessity"but this argument was unsuccessful.  In Gonzales v. Raich (decided in 2005), the constitutionality of the Controlled Substances Act was challenged based on the idea that cannabis grown and consumed in California does not qualify as interstate commercebut this argument was also found to be without merit.

Recreational cannabis legalization

Proposition 19 (1972)

In 1972, California became the first state to vote on a ballot measure seeking to legalize cannabis.  Proposition 19the California Marijuana Initiativesought to legalize the use, possession, and cultivation of cannabis, but did not allow for commercial sales.  The initiative was spearheaded by the group Amorphia, which was founded in 1969 (by Blair Newman) and financed its activities through the sale of hemp rolling papers.  It was ultimately defeated by a wide margin (33–67%), but supporters were encouraged by the results, which provided momentum to other reform efforts in California in subsequent years.  In 1974, Amorphia ran into financial difficulties and became the California chapter of NORML.

Marijuana Control, Regulation, and Education Act (2009)

In February 2009, Tom Ammiano introduced the Marijuana Control, Regulation, and Education Act, which would remove penalties under state law for the cultivation, possession, and use of marijuana for persons the age of 21 or older. When the Assembly Public Safety Committee approved the bill on a 4 to 3 vote in January 2010, this marked the first time in United States history that a bill legalizing marijuana passed a legislative committee. While the legislation failed to reach the Assembly floor, Ammiano stated his plans to reintroduce the bill later in the year, depending on the success of Proposition 19, the Regulate, Control and Tax Cannabis Act. According to Time, California tax collectors estimated the bill would have raised about $1.3 billion a year in revenue.

Critics such as John Lovell, lobbyist for the California Peace Officers' Association, argued that too many people already struggle with alcohol and drug abuse, and legalizing another mind-altering substance would lead to a surge of use, making problems worse. Apart from helping the state's budget by enforcing a tax on the sale of cannabis, proponents of the bill argued that legalization would reduce the amount of criminal activity associated with the drug.

Proposition 19 (2010)

In November 2010, California voters rejected Proposition 19 (by a vote of 53.5% to 46.5%), an initiative that would have legalized the use, possession, and cultivation of cannabis for adults age 21 and over, and regulated its sale similar to alcohol.  The initiative faced stiff opposition from numerous police organizations in the state, while many growers in the Emerald Triangle were strongly opposed due to fears that corporate megafarms would put them out of business.  The initiative was also undercut by the passage of Senate Bill 1449 a month before the election.  Proposition 19 was spearheaded by Richard Lee, founder of Oaksterdam University.

Proposition 64 (2016)

On November 8, 2016, Proposition 64the Adult Use of Marijuana Actpassed by a 57% to 43% vote, legalizing the use, sale, and cultivation of recreational cannabis in California for adults 21 and over. The initiative was certified for the ballot on June 28, 2016, after supporters handed in more than 600,000 raw signatures of the 365,000 certified signatures that were required. The initiative received the largest amount of support from Napster founder Sean Parker who contributed more than $8.6 million of the $25 million that was raised in support of the initiative. Lieutenant Governor Gavin Newsom was the highest-ranking official in the state to endorse the initiative; it was also endorsed by several of the state's major newspapers including the Los Angeles Times, San Francisco Chronicle, San Diego Union-Tribune, Orange County Register, and San Jose Mercury News.

Immediately upon certification of the November 2016 ballot results, adults age 21 or older were allowed to:
 Possess, transport, process, purchase, obtain, or give away, without any compensation whatsoever, no more than one ounce of dry cannabis or eight grams concentrated cannabis to adults the age of 21 or older.
 Possess, plant, cultivate, harvest, dry, or process no more than six live plants and the produce of those plants in a private residence, in a locked area not seen from normal view, in compliance with all local ordinances.
 Smoke or ingest cannabis.
 Possess, transport, purchase, obtain, use, manufacture, or give away marijuana paraphernalia to peoples the age of 21 or older.
Users may not:
 Smoke it where tobacco is prohibited.
 Possess, ingest or smoke within  of a day care, school, or youth center while children are present (except within a private residence and if said smoke is not detectable to said children).
 Manufacture concentrated cannabis using a volatile solvent without a license under Chapter 3.5 of Division 8 or Division 10 of the Business and Professions Code.
 Possess an open container or marijuana paraphernalia while in the driver or passenger seat of a vehicle used for transportation.
 Smoke or ingest marijuana while operating a vehicle used for transportation.
 Smoke or ingest marijuana while riding in the passenger seat or compartment of a vehicle.

Licenses were issued to allow cultivation and business establishment beginning in 2018. Legal sales for non-medical use were allowed by law beginning January 1, 2018, following formulation of new regulations on retail market by the state's Bureau of Medical Cannabis Regulation (to be renamed Bureau of Marijuana Control).

Proposition 64 is not meant in any way to affect, amend, or restrict the statutes provided for medical cannabis in California under Proposition 215.

In 2016, in response to Proposition 64, State Treasurer John Chiang set up a working group to explore access to financial services for legal marijuana-related businesses operating in California, as access to banking services has been a problem due to the additional burdens mandated by the Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (FinCEN) on financial institutions to assure that any marijuana related business clients are in compliance with all state laws.

Post-legalization reforms

Cannabis Appellations Program (2021)
After the adoption of Proposition 64, California has been pioneering the CalCannabis Appellations Project (CAP), to develop appellations of origin for cannabis products. The California Department of Food and Agriculture claims that the CAP will "promote regional cannabis goods and local businesses, prevent the misrepresentation of a cannabis good's origin, and support consumer confidence about a cannabis good's origin and characteristics." A series of consultations are underway to develop the CAP.

The benefits of this program:

 Promoting the unique characteristics and qualities of cannabis grown in different regions, similar to how wine regions are known for specific varietals and styles.
 Encouraging sustainable and responsible farming practices by requiring growers in designated regions to meet certain environmental and labor standards.
 Supporting small farmers and preserving local agriculture by promoting and protecting the unique heritage of cannabis grown in specific regions.
 Provide consumers with more information about the origin and quality of cannabis products, similar to how wine bottles are labeled with their region of origin.
 Help to establish California as a leader in the cannabis industry by setting standards for high-quality cannabis production.
 Create economic opportunities for rural communities and help them to diversify their income sources
 Promote transparency, traceability, and accountability in the cannabis supply chain by providing a means to certify the origin and quality of cannabis products.

September 2022 reforms
In September 2022, Governor Gavin Newsom signed into law a number of cannabis-related reforms, including bills to protect cannabis users from healthcare discrimination, require child welfare social workers to treat parental cannabis use the same as alcohol, prevent employees from being fired for cannabis use outside of work hours (with exceptions for federal employees or workers in safety-sensitive positions), allow veterinarians to recommend medical cannabis for pets, and facilitate the sealing of records for certain cannabis offenses.

See also

 Drug policy of California
 Legal history of cannabis in the United States
 Law of California

References

External links
 California Cannabis Portal, California's official website for information on legal marijuana.

California law
California statutes
California culture
California

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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text:
India's Space Agency Saves Over US$ 2 Billion per Year for the Country
© AFP 2019 / MANJUNATH KIRAN
The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) is not just building satellites or driving innovation by sharing its Lithium-ion batteries for powering vehicles, the space agency is helping fishermen locate better catchment areas. By doing this, ISRO is helping India save over $ 2 billion per year.
© AFP 2019 / ARUN SANKAR
ISRO Beams in Private Firm to Make Two Satellites for Navigation
New Delhi (Sputnik) — Speaking at the Osmania University, Hyderabad on 'India in Space', ISRO chairman A.S. Kiran Kumar said the space agency is issuing cyclone alerts to fishermen and early warnings in the southern state of Kerala. Not only that, ISRO zeroed in on a fishing hamlet and advised fishermen from its development center near Thiruvananthapuram.
The locals volunteered to give up their land to ISRO for developing the center although initially there was some resistance, Kumar added.
Shedding light on future plans, the ISRO chairman said the agency will launch five communication satellites by the year-end. "The five communication satellites will be used to improve the number of transponders available for communications and will significantly improve our capabilities," Kumar said.
"ISRO aims to tap into the lucrative global space industry and these communication satellites will add to its list of achievements. ISRO's success lies in offering reliable, cost-effective technology amid experienced players such as Russia, the US, Europe, and China. We have the advantage of English which makes the entire process more transparent for others," Dr Mayank Vahia, Department of Astrophysics, the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, said.
Experts said communication satellites will further improve ISRO's profile in the global space industry.
ISRO Makes More Space for Private Sector Participation in Satellite Making
India's Moon Mission on 2018 Target, Says ISRO Chief
All Eyes on ISRO's Record Attempt to Send 104 Satellites in One Mission
satellite, Iranian Space Agency, space research, Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO), Kiran Kumar, India

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Today is the birthday of my very own Julia Child, the Julia Child of our family: Brianna. She turns 30 years old today! I'm nowhere's near as talented as PBS in cooking up birthday fun, but I'm hoping Brianna's birthday celebration will end up being just as tasty and fun as the mashup above. At least to Brianna.
And happy Saturday to the rest of ya!


Agreement to these Terms and Conditions constitutes execution of an agreement for use of the udworks purchasing service between udworks Inc.
(the "Company? and the purchaser who buys products through the real-time electronic commerce system (the "System? provided by the Company.
("Korea? and any statement herein with regard to time, period and place is based upon the time, period and place of Korea.
the System developed and provided by the Company.
1) "udworks means the Company, the System provided to purchasers for free transaction of items or services, and the website for operation of the System.
to use the information and services provided by udworks.
by Members for purposes of identification and use of udworks services.
to verify their identity and protect their rights, interests and confidential information.
5) "Operator?means the person appointed by the Company to be responsible for management and smooth operation of the udworks services.
6) "Escrow Service?means the service of placing the purchase price for the product in escrow for certain time to protect the purchaser's payment.
ii)Contract execution and transaction security support.
iii)Other electronic commerce transaction related services.
2. The Company only develops and provides tools that enhance the security and reliability of transactions between sellers and buyers.
The Company does not sell items to buyers nor buys items from sellers.
by the sellers or buyers. The relevant member bears all risks and responsibilities relating to such transactions.
the Act on Consumer Protection in Electronic Commerce Transactions and any other relevant laws.
together with the current Terms and Conditions, at least one day before the effective date.
and other related laws and regulations and general commercial practices.
exemption under the Terms and Conditions.
3. If necessary, the Company may set out terms that apply to specific services ("Individual Terms? and notify them in advance through udworks.
4. If necessary, the Company may set out specific terms that apply to the use of general services ("Use Policy? and notify them in advance through udworks.
of such change. 6. Members are responsible for reviewing the Individual Terms and the Use Policy to check for any notices of change..
who desires to use the udworks Purchasing Service.
by the Company and consents to the Terms and Conditions.
3. Admission to membership is effective at the time the approval from the Company is received by the member. Applications are handled in the order filed.
4) Reapplication within two months from the Company's termination of the Use Contract; 5)At the Company's reasonable discretion.
1. In the event of change in any matter stated at the time of application, members must immediately update his or her information, except for the name, I.D.
and resident registration I.D. number, which may not be changed.
to a third party without the relevant member's consent, unless such provision or disclosure is required pursuant to applicable laws and regulations.
the necessary actions to finalize any and all transactions at least seven days prior to the date of the termination notice.
the Company may withdraw all benefits (e.g., loyalty points, etc.) given to the member.
3) If a member who has terminated the Use Contract desires to use the udworks service again, the member must obtain the Company's prior approval.
d) circumstances in which the Company finds it necessary, in its judgment, to refuse the udworks services.
2) If the Company terminates the Use Contract, the Company will notify the member through e-mail, telephone or other means.
The Use Contract shall be terminated at the time when the Company notifies the members of its intent of termination.
3) If the Company terminates the Use Contract, these Terms and Conditions shall continue to apply with respect to transactions executed before the termination.
4) When the Use Contract is terminated pursuant to this Article, the Company may withdraw any benefits (e.g., loyalty points, etc.) given to the relevant member.
5) If the Use Contract is terminated pursuant to this Article, the Company may refuse to approve the members?re-application.
2. The Credit Points will be given according to the member's use record of the purchasing service and according to other criteria set forth in the Use Policy and announced to members.
or in cases of urgency, the Company may take the measure first and notify the member after the event. Credit Points may be deducted without notice.
3. Members may dispute the measures taken by the Company under this Article if they have grounds to do so.
A purchase contract is executed when a seller accepts a buyer's offer to purchase a given item based on the terms suggested by the seller.
1. The Company will provide methods for payment of the purchase price in cash, by credit card, or other means.
2. The buyer shall be responsible for any liability or disadvantage arising from the information entered by the buyer with respect to payment of the purchase price.
3. The Company may cancel the transaction if the purchase price is not paid within a certain time period after the order.
or cancel the transaction until the buyer's right to such use is confirmed.
5. The purchase price the buyer has to pay is calculated in Korean Won, and, for the convenience of the buyers, the equivalent price in U.S. Dollars is posted next to the Korean Won price. The applicable exchange rate is determined by the Company.
6. The exchange rate stated in the foregoing provision is subject to change without prior notice, and, in case of cash payment, the price in U.S. Dollars is determined according to the exchange rate determined by the Company at the time the buyer expressed his/her intent to execute the purchase contract.
8. In case of credit card payment, the exchange rate and settlement service fee are determined by the relevant credit card company, not by the Company or service provider.
5) there are other reasonable grounds that preclude a buyer's claim for refund or exchange.
2. The return delivery cost and necessary expenses for refund or exchange shall be borne by the liable party.
3. A seller who has designated the delivery company shall be liable for any damages incurred to the buyer due to any problem in delivery.
4. If the return invoice number is not indicated at the time of requesting a return, the return and refund may be delayed.
5. Refund upon return will be made after the seller has received the returned items and the reasons for return and the bearer of the cost of return has been confirmed, by immediate cancellation of the credit card transaction or, in case of cash settlement, refund into the cash balance with in two business days.
6. If the buyer is to pay for the cost of return, the refund may be delayed if the return cost is not paid.
the request will be processed as a return.
and Article 21 of its Enforcement Decree.
2. Overseas delivery is divided into (a) a domestic delivery phase until the buyer's items are delivered to a logistics center of a third party in business cooperation with the Company and (b) an overseas delivery phase until the items are delivered to the recipient through the overseas delivery network.
3. For overseas delivery, a purchase order may be cancelled depending on the status of delivery request. Return requested due to change of mind during delivery is limited to the phase of domestic delivery. Once an item has completed the domestic delivery phase and entered the overseas delivery phase, a return is not permitted unless the Company approves return or exchange due to an original defect in the delivered item.
by submitting to the Company objective evidence. The cost and expenses for delivery in connection with the return or exchange must be initially paid by the buyer, but the purchase price and cost of delivery paid at the time of purchase will be refunded into the G-account of the buyer.
5. Even if the Company has approved the exchange or return, items may be returned only after the buyer has first contacted udworks's customer service department and sent the item(s) from the local post office.
6. If the estimated cost of delivery paid at purchase is greater than the actual delivery cost, the difference will be refunded into the G-account cash balance account.
the Company's warehouse to the seller will be deducted from the refund.
8. In the event of using overseas delivery service, the recipient is liable for all customs, taxes, duties and other cost imposed by the country to which the delivery is made.
1. After the execution of the purchase contract and payment by the buyer, the Company pays the settled purchase price to the seller after deducting certain system usage fees (i.e., transaction fee) if the buyer has received the purchased item or services from the seller. In case the buyer has not received the purchased item or services, or the buyer has made a request for a return or refund to the seller after receiving the purchased item or service, the Company returns the purchase price to the buyer.
2. The Company requests the buyer to notify the receipt of item or services within three business days from the receipt.
3. If the buyer fails to notify the Company of the receipt of the product in three business days, the Company may pay the purchase price to the seller for settlement.
1. The service period under these Terms and Conditions shall be from the date of application for use of the services until termination of the Use Contract.
2. The Company may temporarily suspend the services in the event of repair, inspection, replacement and malfunction of computers and other information and communication facilities and interruption of communication, in which case, the Company will announce the temporary suspension of service and the reasons thereof on the homepage of the Company's website.
3. The Company may restrict or temporarily suspend the services if udworks's services cannot be provided due to any force majeure event or any similar events beyond the Company's control.
he Company has established and enforces a policy to protect the copyrights of copyright holders in connection with the provision of its services, and members must comply with the copyright policy of the Company.
1. The Company only provides a transaction system based on the udworks platform, and parties to a transaction shall be responsible in the event of any disputes arising in connection with any transactions completed or attempted using the udworks transaction system.
2. Absent willful misconduct or gross negligence of the Company, the Company is not liable for any damages suffered by a member or a third party due to temporary suspension of the services pursuant to Article 18(2).
3. If the Company restricts or suspends services pursuant to Article 18(3), the Company is not liable on grounds of force majeure.
4. The Company shall not be held liable for any disruption or other interruption in connection with the operation of the company's website due to any cause attributable to a member.
5. The Company shall not be held liable for any damages arising from a member's disclosure or provision of his or her personal information to another.
Any legal proceedings brought in connection with disputes arising between the Company and any member from udworks services shall be submitted to the competent court having jurisdiction over the location of the head office of the Company.
1. The Company may, if necessary, change or suspend certain services (or part thereof) temporarily or permanently by providing advance notice on its website.
2. The Company and members may not transfer the rights and obligations under these Terms and Conditions to a third party without prior consent of the other party.
3. Agreements, memoranda of understanding and notices additionally executed between the parties and notices on udworks to members pursuant to changes in the Company's policies, enactment and amendment of laws and regulations, and announcements and guidelines of public authorities shall constitute part of these Terms and Conditions.
· These Terms and Conditions shall become effective as of May 27, 2009.


Via more than 200 pieces, documents, and artist's objects, the show offers an overview divided into three major thematic areas: the human figure, the alphabet, and the altered psyche.
Fundamental series like black backgrounds, frottages, movements, and mescaline-induced drawings are broadly represented in this show, including works that have never before been exhibited.
The exhibition underscores the artist's unflagging interest in the sciences, musicology, and ethnography.
Michaux experimented with hallucinogenic substances in an ascetic, systematic spirit in order to observe the way the mind behaves under experimental conditions.
Both his graphic and his literary works ensconced Michaux as an early doyen of the dawning psychedelic culture and underground mysticism.
The #Guggenheim Museum #Bilbao presents Henri Michaux: The Other Side, an exhibition which brings together a prominent set of works by an unclassifiable figure of the arts and literature of the 20th century. Over the course of his long life, #henrimichaux (Namur, Belgium, 1899–Paris, France, 1984) greatly influenced the artists and writers of his time, both as a "poets' poet" and a "painters' painter", lionized by figures in both fields like André Gide and Francis Bacon.


Wolverines Sawyer Thompson (40) guards Elijah Jackson of Fallon from taking a jumpshot.
The Truckee boys' basketball team had a rough start to league play, dropping a pair of road games by double digits last week to Churchill County and Lowry.
On Tuesday, Dec. 11, the Wolverines lost 75-31 in their Class 3A Northern League opener against Churchill County.
Truckee junior Isaac Cruz led the team with 10 points, followed by sophomore Ethan Flynn with nine points.
The Wolverines the traveled to Lowry on Saturday and were topped 71-34.
Truckee (3-2, 0-2 Northern League) will play in a holiday tournament in Roseville on Friday and Saturday against Valley Christian and Golden Sierra, respectively.
The team will return home for a league game against Spring Creek on Jan. 4.
After a 4-0 start to open the season, the Truckee girls' basketball team suffered their first losses of the season against the finalists of the past two Class 3A state championships, Churchill County and Lowry.
The Wolverines first faced the two-time defending state champions, Churchill County, on the road on Tuesday, Dec. 11, and were defeated 57-35.
Truckee senior Ava Seelenfreund and junior Elena Friedman led the Wolverines with eight points each. Freshman Ryan Flynn scored seven points, and sophomores Lauren Tanner and Annika Thayer each scored six points. Thayer also finished the game with six rebounds, five blocks and three steals.
Churchill County senior Leilani Otuafi led all scorers with 21 points.
Truckee junior Emily Monson pulled down a team-high seven rebounds, Seelenfreund led the Wolverines with four assists.
The Wolverines then faced the two-time state runners-up, Lowry, on the road on Saturday, Dec. 15, and suffered a 50-42 defeat.
Seelenfreund again led the Wolverines, scoring 12 points. Thayer grabbed six offensive rebounds to match Monson with nine total boards.
Truckee will remain on the road this week and into the weekend, playing in the annual Vacaville Christian Christmas Classic.
The team opens play in the three-day tournament on Thursday.


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Home Software Red Hat Deepens Big Data Partnership with Hortonworks
Red Hat Deepens Big Data Partnership with Hortonworks
By Sean Michael Kerner | February 14, 2014
Linux vendor Red Hat is expanding its partnership with Big Data Hadoop vendor Hortonworks today. The expanded partnership includes the delivery of the Hortonworks Data Platform (HDP) Plug-in for Red Hat storage.
"The HDP Plug-in for Red Hat Storage has been in the upstream community until today's announcement of the beta software version of the HDP Plug-in for Red Hat Storage for enterprises," Ranga Rangachari, Red Hat's vice president and general manager, Storage and Big Data, told Enterprise Apps Today. "Beta customers will receive support from Red Hat and Hortonworks, rather than the open source community."
Red Hat Storage isn't the only place where the Linux vendor is partnering with Hortonworks. There are also solutions leveraging Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) as well as the JBoss Data Virtualization solution. Rangachari noted that neither HDP with Red Hat Enterprise Linux with OpenJDK nor the JBoss Data Virtualization connector for HDP are bundled offerings
Read the full story at Enterprise Apps Today:


text:
class ProjectChart
  def self.for(user: nil, date: nil)
    return [] if user.nil? || date.nil?
    grouped_tracker = Tracker.select('project_id, logged_date, sum(duration_time) as duration').where(user: user).where(logged_date: (date - 5.days)..date).group('project_id, logged_date')
    grouped_tracker.map { |t| ProjectChart.new(project: t.project, duration: t.duration, color: t.project.color, logged_date: t.logged_date) }
  end

  attr_reader :project, :duration, :color, :logged_date

  def initialize(project: nil, duration: nil, color: nil, logged_date: nil)
    @project = project
    @duration = duration
    @color = color
    @logged_date = logged_date
  end
end

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Home > Index > The End Times > Keep Watch > alien deception
Is it possible that an alien deception could be part of the end times?
Following the rapture, a seven-year tribulation period will begin (Revelation 6—12). Many wonder how the remaining people on earth will be deceived into not believing in Jesus after many disappear from earth in the rapture (1 Corinthians 15:51-58). Could an alien deception serve as an explanation?
Matthew 24:24 does suggest there will be a powerful deception that keeps most people from believing in Jesus despite the impact of millions of people disappearing during the rapture. However, the Bible does not define what this deception will be. With the rise of aliens as a popular cultural concept, it is not unthinkable that one of perhaps many views will be that aliens were responsible for the disappearance of many humans. In fact, recent films such as Jupiter Ascending describe a similar situation.
In addition, many conspiracy theories regarding aliens have been in existence for generations. It is only natural to suggest that at least one of the reasons that will be proposed for the disappearance of many people would be blamed on aliens. Much of this deception will come from Satan and the Antichrist as Paul notes, "The coming of the lawless one is by the activity of Satan with all power and false signs and wonders, and with all wicked deception for those who are perishing, because they refused to love the truth and so be saved. Therefore God sends them a strong delusion, so that they may believe what is false, in order that all may be condemned who did not believe the truth but had pleasure in unrighteousness" (2 Thessalonians 2:9-12). It is also possible that demons could pose as beings from another planet and spread deception. Some theorize that something similar occurred in Genesis 6:4.
While how this future deception unfolds is unknown, Christians should at least be aware of this issue. Alien ideas abound even in churches. Though often used humorously and without much serious thought, the prevalent acceptance of the possibility of alien life forms could have great impact in the future explanation of many believers disappearing at the rapture.
For example, could the rapture be assumed to be an alien abduction? Such encounters have been suggested for years, with many believing in them. Another scenario is that secular scientists have increasingly used the idea of the multiverse or life forms on other planets or in other galaxies as the source of life on earth. With the number of intelligent researchers who accept this position, it would not take much further change for alien beliefs to be accepted by popular culture.
Again, all of this is merely speculation but does show that an alien deception could be used at least as one of the suggested reasons for the disappearance of people at the rapture. Of much greater importance is to believe in Jesus Christ for salvation and to share Him with others, helping as many as possible come to faith in Him and be with Him for eternity.
What is going to happen in the end times?
What are the signs of the end times?
Are aliens and UFOs real?
Would proof that aliens exist impact the Christian faith?
Is an increase in technology a sign of the end times according to the Bible?
Truth about the End Times


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Last edited by Voodoot
4 edition of Minnesota found in the catalog.
Kathleen Thompson
by Kathleen Thompson
Published 1988 by Raintree Publishers in Milwaukee, WI .
Minnesota.
Minnesota -- Juvenile literature.,
Discusses the history, economy, culture, and future of Minnesota. Also includes a state chronology, pertinent statistics, and maps.
Other titles Portrait of America (Television program)
Statement Kathleen Thompson.
Series Portrait of America
LC Classifications F606.3 .T48 1988
Minnesota Department of Transportation road and travel information, construction projects, regional offices, bid letting, future highway plans, hot topics, jobs, library, map sales, news, public meetings, research and related links. Digital History Books. Home. The following is a list of Minnesota history books that are available for viewing on the web. Most of these online resources were created as part of the Library of Congress' American Memory Project. Minnesota.
The Minnesota Braille and Talking Book Library (MBTBL), located in Faribault, Minnesota, provides direct library service to preschool age children to seniors with visual, physical and reading disabilities for whom conventional print is a barrier to reading. The Minnesota Book Awards are presented annually for books created by writers, illustrators or book artists who are Minnesotans. The award, originally established in , is organized by The Friends of the Saint Paul Public travelingartsfiesta.come: "Minnesota Book Awards".
Search MNHS Press Books Publisher of outstanding books on the history, art, and culture of the Upper Midwest. A free, curated, authoritative resource about Minnesota. Dec 01, · The Minnesota Book of Days is a entertaining and educational day-by-day account of Minnesota history, chronicling important events, famous firsts, notable individuals, and interesting incidents.. Tony Greiner's thorough research and keen sense of the offbeat combine to produce a book that is both serious history and unexpected fun, a perfect gift and a handy compendium.
The 13 1/2 lives of Captain Bluebear
The Parents emergency guide
Performance and physiological effects of long term vibration
Informal sector (economics)-underground economy
Foundations for working life
Atomic collisions in solids
A sermon preachd to the people
When my cue comes
Risk assessment model for child protection in Ontario.
Planning and Design of Engineering Systems
Analysis and Fate of Surfactants in the Aquatic Environment, Volume 40 (Comprehensive Analytical Chemistry)
A risk/return paradox for strategic management
Something About the Author v. 77
Whittling Twigs & Branches
Bibliography of printed works on London history to 1939, ed. by Heather Creaton
Minnesota by Kathleen Thompson Download PDF EPUB FB2
Minnesota's Bookstore operates as a centralized publishing house for state agency products sold to the public. Minnesota's Bookstore has partnered with the Department of Natural Resources for more than 35 years to publish popular and well-known titles for bird watchers and nature lovers.
Lake & River Maps Minnesota's Bookstore sells lake maps for more than 7, Minnesota lakes from its 87 counties.
Publisher of outstanding books on the history, art, and culture of the Upper Midwest. A free, curated, authoritative resource about Minnesota The lively and essential magazine about our state.
Many of these books may be borrowed through your public library. You may also purchase them at your favorite bookstore, the gift shop at DNR Central Office in St. Paul Minnesota bookMinnesota's Bookstore ()or the University of Minnesota Press.
Jan 15, · How to Talk Minnesotan: Revised for the 21st Century [Howard Mohr] on travelingartsfiesta.com *FREE* shipping on qualifying offers. A revised edition of the hilarious Minnesotan culture guide from a former writer for A Prairie Home Companion Fans of the Minnesota-set movie Fargo will love this uproarious culture guide to all-things Minnesotan/5(38).
Ebooks Minnesota is an online ebook collection for all Minnesotans. The collection covers a wide variety of subjects for readers of all ages, and features content from our state's independent publishers, including some of our best literature and nonfiction.
Books. Hardcover Bestsellers See more. The Girl With The Louding Voice. Dare, Abi. $ $ The University of Minnesota is an equal opportunity educator and employer.
Coffman Memorial Union Washington Ave S.E. Minneapolis, MN Contact. Shop by campus. Books; Apparel; Gifts; Technology; Supplies; Graduation; Events; University of Minnesota Bookstores Locations.
University of MN Bookstores at Coffman Memorial Union. The University of Minnesota is an equal opportunity educator and employer. Coffman Memorial Union Washington Ave S.E.
Minneapolis, MN Contact. Founded inMinnesota Center for Book Arts is a nonprofit visual arts center that celebrates the art of the book. We practice letterpress printing, bookbinding, hand papermaking, paper marbling, and more.
We offer youth and adult classes, numerous exhibitions annually, and opportunities for artists of all levels. Your complete inspiration and travel planning guide to the state of Minnesota, with trip ideas, lodging, attractions, events, free brochures and more.
Find Minnesota resorts, campgrounds, and events, plus Minnesota activities like hiking, biking, shopping, theater, and arts on travelingartsfiesta.com Open textbooks are textbooks that have been funded, published, and licensed to be freely used, adapted, and distributed.
These books have been reviewed by faculty from a variety of colleges and universities to assess their quality. These books can be downloaded for no cost, or printed at low cost. Apr 04, · The Minnesota book community long has prided itself on the quality and diversity of the writers it has produced and the publishing enterprises it has spawned.
We hear this sort of Author: Brad Zellar. Nov 19, · Winner of the Minnesota Book Awards in the "About Minnesota" category, L'Enfant's coffee-table book highlights Minnesota's 20th century female artists and their role in. The thought provoking Best Minnesota Books Blog often makes me, a cookbook collector, think about what I'd chose as the best Minnesota cookbooks of the last years.
Thousands of cookbooks have been published here during that time, most of which are fun to read — and many have at least a recipe or two worth trying. Little Minnesota: Towns Around [Jill A. Johnson] on travelingartsfiesta.com *FREE* shipping on qualifying offers.
They're Minnesota's smallest towns, but they have huge character. Experience the rich stories, histories and cultures of charming small townsReviews: Looking for book signings and book events in Minnesota.
Find them here. Submit your book event to our comprehensive listing site for free today. A series of free travel brochures are available to assist with you Minnesota travel planning and vacation choices. Requests for specific region, city and town tourism brochures and free travel guides are forwarded directly to those organizations for fulfillment.
Vacation brochures of this nature are excellent resources for travel planning. If you are interested in learning more about book publishers located in the state of Minnesota, you'll find this an excellent resource. Children's Hospital Book Market was established in and is the longest running fundraiser in support of the Children's Hospital Foundation of travelingartsfiesta.com its inception, the Book Market has raised over $8 million in support of child health care in Manitoba and received numerous awards including the Mayor's Volunteer Service Award.
Jun 25, · Minnesota Weather: Get Ready For A Warm Weekend With Sunny Skies, Highs Near 40Southerly winds are pushing warm air into Minnesota, 5 Must-Read Books By Minnesota Authors. Jan 25, · Judges for the Minnesota Book Awards are going to have a hard time making final decisions, based on the announcement Saturday of talented finalists for the annual award that honors Minnesota.University of Minnesota Press publishes a wide variety of trade, regional, and scholarly books in various subject areas.
Browse our special theme, search books by series, explore our new releases, or check out our upcoming events, new blog posts, and subject catalogs."Minnesota 13" whiskey of the book's title was named after the corn seed used for the mash. "Minnesota 13 was in demand throughout the Midwest and beyond because it was a safe, high-quality aged whiskey [in an era of often dangerous beverages made in bathtubs, kitchens, and backyard stills]/5.
travelingartsfiesta.com - Minnesota book © 2020


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Huyler's Caracas Cocoa Tin
This yellow, rectangular tin with black lettering and design was used to store and market Huyler's drinking chocolate.
In 1846, John Huyler was born to David Huyler who ran a bakery in New York City. By the early 1860s, John was working in his father's shop, learning the trade. In 1874, he opened his own store, a confectionary, and within a few years he had opened three more stores. By the time of his death in 1910, he owned 54 store fronts with 14 factories and around 2000 employees supplying his shops.
Chocolate had been known and treasured by Native Americans in Central and South America for thousands of years prior to the arrival of the first Spanish explorers in the late 1400s and early 1500s. Cacao beans were so highly prized by Mayans and Aztecs that they were used as currency in many areas of the Americas. When first taken back to Europe by the Spanish, the chocolate drink continued to be produced exclusively for the enjoyment of royalty or the extremely wealthy. As the cacao bean gradually made its presence known throughout Europe, it still remained trapped in this exclusive section of society well into the 19th century.
The chocolate trade to North America began more than 300 years ago, primarily centered in or near major port cities of the time, such as New York City, Boston, Philadelphia and Newport, RI. Due to lower transportation costs, chocolate was often less expensive in the Americas than in Europe and therefore had a broader consumer base. The Industrial Revolution radically changed chocolate production and helped propel it into the hearts and stomachs of the working class. Instead of being a labor intensive product, it became entirely machine made reducing costs even further in the late 19th and early 20th century. During this time, chocolate went from being something a person drank to being something to eat, finally becoming a treat for the masses.
container, food
United States: New York, New York
tin (overall material)
overall: 4 in x 2 1/2 in; 10.16 cm x 6.35 cm
Work and Industry: Food Technology


Palm City, FL (February 24, 2014) - Harbour Ridge Yacht & Country Club in Palm City, FL takes golf, tennis, fishing and all its sports very seriously. Friday, February 28, is the date of the 3rd Annual Tennis & Golf Challenge.
Tennis matches are scheduled for the morning and are followed by a 9 hole golf tournament in the afternoon. A friendly social format gives everyone a chance to win! Plans for the annual 2-day spring fishing contest are underway. The tournament categories include deep sea Atlantic Ocean fishing, St. Lucie River fishing, and fishing in the various inland lakes and ponds at Harbour Ridge.
AND for man's best friends, there is the 4th Annual Lure Run at the Harbour Ridge Dog Park. This is great exercise for our dogs and lots of fun to watch. Harbour Ridge is home to over 150 dogs – all breeds and sizes are welcome.
To visit on a Discovery Tour Package, call HR Properties: (800) 330-1263, (772) 221-8988.


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Die Saison 2018/19 der mexikanischen Fußballliga MX begann am Freitag, 20. Juli 2018 mit der Begegnung zwischen den Tiburones Rojos Veracruz und den UNAM Pumas, die der Gast aus der Hauptstadt mit 2:0 gewann. Die Treffer für die Pumas erzielten Felipe Mora und Pablo Barrera.

Auf- und Absteiger
Die am Ende der Vorsaison sportlich abgestiegenen Lobos de la BUAP durften nach Zahlung einer Gebühr von 6 Millionen US-Dollar die Klasse halten, weil der Zweitligameister der Vorsaison, Cafetaleros de Tapachula als nicht zertifiziertes Team, den in sportlicher Hinsicht erreichten Aufstieg in die höchste Spielklasse nicht wahrnehmen durfte. Somit gab es keinerlei Veränderungen gegenüber der Vorsaison.

Liguillas der Apertura 2018

Viertelfinale
Als einziger Verein außerhalb von Mexiko-Stadt gelang dem CF Monterrey die Qualifikation für das Halbfinale.

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Halbfinale
Cruz Azul setzt sich aufgrund des besseren Tabellenplatzes in der Punktspielrunde durch.

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Finale
Zum insgesamt vierten Mal (nach 1971/72, 1988/89 und der Clausura 2013) kam es im Finale zu einem Clásico Joven. Cruz Azul konnte sich lediglich beim ersten Vergleich 1972 durchsetzen. In den anderen drei Auseinandersetzungen behielt stets der Club América die Oberhand.

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Liguillas der Clausura 2019

Viertelfinale
Die UANL Tigres und der CF Monterrey setzen sich aufgrund des jeweils besseren Tabellenplatzes in der Punktspielrunde durch. Außerdem kommt es im Viertelfinale zu einer Neuauflage des Finals der Apertura 2018 und erneut setzt sich in diesem Clásico Joven der Club América durch.

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Halbfinale
In beiden Begegnungen setzen sich späteren Finalisten lediglich aufgrund des jeweils besseren Tabellenplatzes in der Punktspielrunde durch. Außerdem kommt es im Halbfinale zu einer Neuauflage der Finalpaarung aus der Apertura 2017 und erneut setzen sich in diesem Clásico Regiomontano die Tigres durch.

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Finale
Die UANL Tigres gewinnen ihren vierten Meistertitel innerhalb der letzten vier Jahre.

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Tabellen

Abschlusstabelle der Apertura 2018
Erstmals seit 12 Jahren (Apertura 2006) belegen die drei Vereine aus der Hauptstadt die ersten drei Tabellenplätze.

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Abschlusstabelle der Clausura 2019

1
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1 Weil Veracruz nur 4 Punkte erzielte und ihnen 6 Punkte abgezogen wurden, beendeten die Tiburones Rojos das Turnier ohne Punkte.

Kreuztabelle 2018/19
Die Kreuztabelle stellt die Ergebnisse aller Spiele dieser Saison dar. Der Name der Heimmannschaft ist in der linken Spalte, das Logo der Gastmannschaft in der oberen Zeile aufgelistet.

Einzelnachweise

2018
Fußballsaison 2018/19


The House of Representatives Infrastructure and Communications Committee is conducting an inquiry into the role and potential of the National Broadband Network (NBN). The Committee will conduct public hearings in Perth on Thursday 5 May and Friday 6 May.
"On Friday we will be conducting a roundtable discussion with four local government and regional organisations, which, in combination, represent 19 West Australian council areas" she added.
Further details about the inquiry, including copies of submissions and transcripts of previous hearings, can be obtained from the Committee's website.


These tablets are available in 1000mcg and 2500mcg strength.
2500 mcg are available as 60 per pack and 1000 mcg are available as 100 per pack.
regnant women and nursing mothers should taake B12 Vitamin only in recommended doses.


The Fat Quarter Shop is excited to welcome JoMorton to the Jolly Jabber. Jo Morton's latest fabric collection is Carolina from Andover Fabrics.
Q: What was the first seed that grew into the Carolina collection?
A: The 'mother' fabric is the first step, then come up with suitable companions. Seems I can always find assorted companions, it is finding the 'mother' print to pull it together that is the constant challenge. I work from antique (19th Century) pieces of fabric, blocks or quilt tops, sometimes quilts too. It is harder to get a good image from a quilted quilt for fabric purposes.
A: I'm not a one favorite piece of fabric person, I love it all. I love scrappy quilts and am happy to add these pieces to my 'fabric collection'. I don't like the word stash, my fabric isn't hidden.
A: I think I would like to make a 'Fall' quilt using the rust/black colorway of 'Carolina', maybe throw in some greens from 'Evergreens' and perhaps who knows until the day I begin. I don't design quilts on the computer. We make blocks then then I decide what to do with them. It is on my 'idea' list to consider making for after Spring Quilt Market in Salt Lake City (for the trade only, not the general public).
I seem to work all the time, every day, seven days a week. I'm trying to fix that and find some time for me.
Grew up in Kansas, moved to Nebraska forever ago, Nebraska City has been 'home' for a long time now.
5. What is the most important part of a sandwich?


Founded in New York City as a supplier of wire strengtheners to the millinery industry in 1922, Alpha Wire grew to become a valued supplier to the expanding radio industry through the 1930's by producing wire and insulators for antennas. Alpha used materials such as rubber and varnish-impregnatied textiles coat wire products. In the decades that followed, business was propelled by the defense industry's electronic needs during World War II and by the advent of television. Alpha's product line grew proportionately, and Alpha began to explore new applications and introduced the use of plastics to insulate the wire and cables.


text:
Rebel Art Manifesto
Aria-Joshes Waterford
If you want to be a successful contemporary artist you have to go to the city but in the Age of Aquarius (an age we are right in the middle of) there is tonnes of infrastructure, especially in the western suburbs. The Hawkesbury is considered part of Western Sydney yet when it comes to contemporary art, it is mostly untouched of course we have a gallery and an art society, but these are places mostly dedicated to traditional art. The Hawkesbury Gallery has some contemporary art exhibitions, but it would probably have more if there were more practising contemporary artists in the Hawkesbury. The Hawkesbury is well known for its history but that doesn't mean that it has to fall behind on the contemporary art front. I can safely say we have virtually no performance art. The closest we have is theatre.
Traditional art is traditionally beautiful. Although they say beauty is in the eye of the beholder, beauty is not the only type of aesthetic present in art. Have you ever seen something so ugly that you can't look away and it sticks in your mind because you can't make sense of it? Or have you seen something so complex and scientific you find yourself staring at it for hours? A beautiful view of aesthetics is generally an unchallenging one. Even the way art can be presented is enough to make you think, or even feel. Groundbreaking art should make you feel something in a similar fashion to the way an actor can make you feel something. You can watch an actor and feel something without also thinking "he/she wasn't pretty enough" Art can perform in much of the same way except you're required to ponder it for a while and discuss it. Art is meant to move you and activist art is meant to move you to take action. Rebel art as opposed to other forms of art is never saleable and resists the urge to be appropriated by capitalism. Rebel art stands alone appealing to societies conscience and proving there's more to human existence than the pursuit of money.
On further investigation about the importance of Rebel Art, Albert Camus points out in his 1951 novel the Rebel …It is those who know how to rebel, at the appropriate moment, against history who really advance its interests. Proving furthermore that the act of successful rebellion is one that moves further away from recklessness and into the light of justice as Albert Camus further points out Life is this dichotomy itself, the mind soaring over volcanoes of light, the madness of justice the eventuating intransience of moderation… Rebel Art's intervention keeps world leaders honest or alternatively exposes the dishonesty in order to help civilians choose their leaders wisely. Jacques Ranciere points out that Politics is not the exercise of Power. Politics to be defined in its own terms as a specific mode of action that is enacted by a specific subject and that has its own proper rationality. In this way Rebel Art interfere's with power structures in order to persuade it to honesty or expose it's corruption.
Art can be bought but Rebel Art is more and often not for sale. Rebel Art is transformational and fosters self-expression. Rebel art is wild and uninhibited and often leads to complete acceptance of the self. Rebel Art doesn't discriminate but it does easily entice a younger generation. Rebel Art is a platform for positive change and fully embracing of democratic rights and democratic voices. Rebel Art inspires you deep in your gut and creeps into your heart. You can't experience Rebel Art and not feel something. Rebel Art is brave despite of fear. Rebel art is liberating and empowering. Rebel art breaks rules that are violations of human rights. Rebel art is unapologetically powerful as it gives power to the powerless downtrodden and marginalised. Rebel art is revolutionary. Rebel art simultaneously thinks of the future whilst empowering the present. Rebel art is inclusive and open minded.
Rebel art is a weird, bold risk taker that cannot be tamed. Rebel art does not pander to peoples tastes but connects with audiences' hearts in deep and transformational ways. Rebel art is a vigilante in ways that cuts the red tape and digs deep into your soul so much so that you can't walk away and do nothing. Rebel art stops traffic, not with beauty but with evocative design. Rebel art tests boundaries and limits. Rebel art can be comedic critiquing. Rebel art is provocative whilst having full agency. Rebel art asks for consent whilst always expecting you to respect its boundaries. Rebel art tests the limitations of traditional mediums; you can create with vegemite, tomato paste, period blood etc. Rebel art takes hygienic precautions if its medium is potentially a biohazard.
Rebel art only accepts traditional mediums if they are used in non- traditional ways. Rebel art judge's art with an open mind and is considerate of others feelings. Rebel art embraces performance art and installation art. Rebel art challenges traditional perceptions of aesthetics. Rebel art is inclusive and does not tolerate any form of prejudice. Rebel art exercises some caution when taking risks as it takes care of itself, fellow artists and audience members. Rebel art is not classist and will rethink what defines art. Rebel art is a form of art that can simultaneously heal whilst it also empowers. Rebel artists might find that they have been rebellious in their childhood but in a way that was reasonable half the time. Rebel art is a way of life for many as it does not leave one in darkness but lights the way out of trying times.
Rebel art is the heart of radicalisation. Rebel art is autonomous and independent whilst also being supportive of fellow artists. Rebel art is intense and bizarre whilst allowing room for critical thought. Rebel art does not leave one stranded but flourishes enough within itself to a point where loneliness can't breathe. Rebel art brings contemporary art to rural areas to empower the area and abolish rural stereotypes.
Rebel art attracts more tourism and multiculturalism to rural areas empowering the area to be more versatile whilst still maintaining the quietness cityscapes lack. Rebel art has no hierarchy, although more experienced artists might mentor younger artists, they will listen to the younger artists equally as they offer a fresh perspective that the older artists must work to maintain, everyone has something to offer and teach. Rebel artists respect themselves and others and may not always be right but if they should make mistakes, they will always rectify a situation with an apology and thoughtfulness. Rebel art can pop up in unexpected places. Rebel art is loud and stands out in the crowd grabbing your attention to a point where you can't look away. Rebel art also speaks to society and into communities, so it might empower rural communities to envision new
ways to enrich their communities.
Rebel art is the future of art but also the future of rural Australia. The birth of Rebel art will be in the Hawkesbury but will soon spread to other rural areas. Rebel Art is a quest for authenticity but in a way that exceeds the bounds of human expectation. Rebel Art glorifies action with both boldness and with enormous drive, but Rebel art is also a rare thing.
Rebel art is a zest for life you never knew existed. Rebel art peels away your regular day to day self to reveal a burning desire for something more. Rebel art is your wildest dreams of creative desire come to life.
Rebel art is your spirit longing for more…but only you can find out what it is because Rebel art gives power to the self so one can achieve one's highest potential.
Rebel art is committed to sharing one's desires for the present and future in such a way that moves something deep within the audience. It will bring you to tears or make you laugh with joy, but it will never let you forget what you saw and experienced whilst you were in the presence of the movement. Rebel art is a movement that does not discriminate and tests the boundaries and limitations of art and its audiences, it tests the boundaries and limitations of the art scene in the Hawkesbury and brings more people to come and witness its majestic beauty. Rebel art will test your perceptions of freedom in a way that can liberate people from the shackles of their mind.
Rebel art is both positive inspiration whilst also shouting at the institutions and systems that trap and abuse us. Rebel art will call to attention the injustices of the systems that claim to help us and demand proper action from these systems. Rebel art leaves no good person behind. Rebel art will widen your perspective of the world and of art.
Rebel art will successfully shock their audience but for good cause and intellectual thought. Rebel art will empower its audience to vote thoughtfully, speak loudly and express themselves and their desires for a better world. Rebel art does not allow one to be passive but expresses a burning desire to have people become more assertive about their desires for a better world. Rebel art will not allow someone to fall silent on their dreams but inspires people to have the courage to put their dreams into action. Denying yourself the life you truly desire is not realism. You deserve better.
Art is an act of rebellion in a system that has its eyes wide shut.


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Q: iOS Safari how to catch event when iFrame content is being cleared by browser back button? My webpage has an iframe, when pressing Safari back button, I found that the iframe's content being cleaned, and it displays a blank page.
I used to use events such as "popstate" to catch the back button click, then I will close iframe after its content has been cleared. however it seems to be no longer able to get these events in latest Safari in iOS 14.2
After the back button click, the iframe's content was update to this:

But I didn't catch any events, such as popstate, onunload, onbeforeunload, etc.
What event should I be listening to under this scenario?

A: In the end, I used the iframe.onload event for detecting back button press, and detect if the the iframe's location href has been updated to blank page:
        testframe.onload = function () {
            if (testframe.contentWindow.location.href === "about:blank") {
                closeIframe();
            }
        };

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


With its mission "To empower, equip, build and transform God's people for effective service through preaching, teaching and witnessing in words and deeds in East Africa and beyond," the Presbyterian Church of East Africa (PCEA), focused on ministry in Kenya and Tanzania, is a vibrant, growing denomination. After years of primarily serving people of the Kikuyu tribe, the church is now reaching out to other peoples. We work with the Mission Projects Committee of the PCEA to identify projects of special significance that can elevate the church's ministry and mission to the next level. Coordinating this work are Outreach's East Africa Mission Consultants Stu and Annie Ross who work closely with PCEA leadership. The Presbyterian Church in eastern Africa presently has about 4,000,000 members, 310 parishes, over 1,000 congregations, and hundreds of house fellowships.
Supporting construction of a church doesn't involve doing for others what they can do for themselves; rather, it is strategically coming alongside and sharing resources with congregations who are already giving sacrificially, leveraging resources in ways that expand a congregation's base for ministry and outreach. This year, Outreach celebrated a milestone of completing over 300 church structures in partnership with the Presbyterian Church of East Africa.
The Outreach Foundation is seeking gifts totaling $120,000 to build four churches at $30,000 each.