text:
package io.netty.handler.codec.compression;

import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;

import com.nixxcode.jvmbrotli.common.BrotliLoader;
import com.nixxcode.jvmbrotli.enc.BrotliOutputStream;
import com.nixxcode.jvmbrotli.enc.Encoder;
import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf;
import io.netty.buffer.ByteBufAllocator;
import io.netty.buffer.ByteBufUtil;
import io.netty.buffer.CompositeByteBuf;
import io.netty.buffer.Unpooled;
import io.netty.channel.embedded.EmbeddedChannel;
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Random;
import org.junit.After;
import org.junit.Assert;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Ignore;
import org.junit.Rule;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.rules.ExpectedException;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;

public class BrotliDecoderTest extends AbstractCompressionTest {

  public static final long FIVE_SECONDS_NANO = 5_000_000_000L;

  static final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(BrotliDecoderTest.class);

  protected static final ByteBuf WRAPPED_BYTES_SMALL;
  protected static final ByteBuf WRAPPED_BYTES_LARGE;

  static {
    WRAPPED_BYTES_SMALL = Unpooled.wrappedBuffer(BYTES_SMALL);
    WRAPPED_BYTES_LARGE = Unpooled.wrappedBuffer(BYTES_LARGE);
  }

  private byte[] compressedBytesSmall;
  private byte[] compressedBytesLarge;

  private EmbeddedChannel channel;

  @Rule
  public final ExpectedException expected = ExpectedException.none();

  @Before
  public void setUp() throws Exception {
    BrotliLoader.isBrotliAvailable();
    compressedBytesSmall = compress(BYTES_SMALL);
    compressedBytesLarge = compress(BYTES_LARGE);
  }

  @Before
  public void initChannel() {
    channel = new EmbeddedChannel(new BrotliDecoder());
  }

  @After
  public void destroyChannel() {
    if (channel != null) {
      channel.finishAndReleaseAll();
      channel = null;
    }
  }

  public BrotliDecoderTest() {
  }

  public ByteBuf[] smallData() {
    ByteBuf heap = Unpooled.wrappedBuffer(compressedBytesSmall);
    ByteBuf direct = Unpooled.directBuffer(compressedBytesSmall.length);
    direct.writeBytes(compressedBytesSmall);
    return new ByteBuf[]{heap, direct};
  }

  public ByteBuf[] largeData() {
    ByteBuf heap = Unpooled.wrappedBuffer(compressedBytesLarge);
    ByteBuf direct = Unpooled.directBuffer(compressedBytesLarge.length);
    direct.writeBytes(compressedBytesLarge);
    return new ByteBuf[]{heap, direct};
  }

  @Test
  public void testDecompressionOfSmallChunkOfData() throws Exception {
    for (ByteBuf byteBuf : this.smallData()) {
      testDecompression(WRAPPED_BYTES_SMALL, byteBuf);
    }
  }

  @Test
  public void testDecompressionOfLargeChunkOfData() throws Exception {
    for (ByteBuf byteBuf : this.largeData()) {
      testDecompression(WRAPPED_BYTES_LARGE, byteBuf);
    }
  }

  @Test
  public void testDecompressionOfRandomlyChunkedData() {
    ByteBuf[] chunks = randomChunks(compressedBytesLarge);
    for (ByteBuf data : chunks) {
      channel.writeInbound(data);
    }
    ByteBuf decompressed = readDecompressed(channel);
    assertEquals(0, ByteBufUtil.compare(WRAPPED_BYTES_LARGE, decompressed));

    decompressed.release();
  }

  private static ByteBuf[] randomChunks(byte[] source) {
    List<byte[]> chunks = new ArrayList<>();
    int start = 0;
    Random rng = new Random(42);
    while (start < source.length) {
      int chunkSize = rng.nextInt(source.length / 12) + source.length / 4;
      chunkSize = Math.min(chunkSize, source.length - start);
      byte[] chunk = Arrays.copyOfRange(source, start, start + chunkSize);
      chunks.add(chunk);
      start += chunkSize;
    }
    return chunks.stream().map(Unpooled::wrappedBuffer).toArray(ByteBuf[]::new);
  }

  protected void testDecompression(final ByteBuf expected, final ByteBuf data) throws Exception {
    Assert.assertTrue(channel.writeInbound(data));

    ByteBuf decompressed = readDecompressed(channel);
    assertEquals(0, ByteBufUtil.compare(expected, decompressed));

    decompressed.release();
  }

  @Test
  public void testCorruptedStreamNotBlocking() {
    byte[] fakeData = "xyz".getBytes();
    ByteBuf input = Unpooled.wrappedBuffer(fakeData);
    long start = System.nanoTime();
    Assert.assertFalse(channel.writeInbound(input));
    Assert.assertTrue(System.nanoTime() - start < FIVE_SECONDS_NANO);
  }

  protected static ByteBuf readDecompressed(final EmbeddedChannel channel) {
    CompositeByteBuf decompressed = ByteBufAllocator.DEFAULT.compositeBuffer();
    ByteBuf msg;
    while ((msg = channel.readInbound()) != null) {
      decompressed.addComponent(true, msg);
    }
    return decompressed;
  }

  protected byte[] compress(byte[] data) throws Exception {
    ByteArrayOutputStream dst = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
    // If being used to compress streams in real-time,
    //   I do not advise a quality setting above 4 due to performance
    Encoder.Parameters params = new Encoder.Parameters().setQuality(4);
        /*
         Initialize compressor by binding it to our file output stream

         It's important to close the BrotliOutputStream object. This also closes the
         underlying FileOutputStream
        */
    try (BrotliOutputStream brotliOutputStream = new BrotliOutputStream(dst, params)) {
      brotliOutputStream.write(data);
    } catch (IOException e) {
      log.error("Could not brotli compress data ", e);
    }
    return dst.toByteArray();
  }
}


text:
"""Top-level package for bebi103."""

# Force showing deprecation warnings.
import re
import warnings

warnings.filterwarnings(
    "always", category=DeprecationWarning, module="^{}\.".format(re.escape(__name__))
)

from . import hv

from . import viz

from . import image

from .utils import *

try:
    from . import stan
except:
    warnings.warn(
        "Could not import `stan` submodule. Perhaps PyStan or CmdStanPy is not properly installed."
    )

__author__ = """Justin Bois"""
__email__ = "bois@caltech.edu"
__version__ = "0.0.50"

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Monika, thank you for all your fabulous photos and posts. I enjoy reading about your explorations and observations from the smallest bug to the oh so marvelous Orcas.
Thanks for commenting Lilli! It's always nice to here that people are enjoying what I'm putting out there on the blog.


George Washington Papers, Series 4, General Correspondence: Bryan Fairfax to George Washington, September 7 . September 7, 1798. Manuscript/Mixed Material. https://www.loc.gov/item/mgw441299/.
(1798) George Washington Papers, Series 4, General Correspondence: Bryan Fairfax to George Washington, September 7 . September 7. [Manuscript/Mixed Material] Retrieved from the Library of Congress, https://www.loc.gov/item/mgw441299/.
George Washington Papers, Series 4, General Correspondence: Bryan Fairfax to George Washington, September 7 . September 7, 1798. Manuscript/Mixed Material. Retrieved from the Library of Congress, <www.loc.gov/item/mgw441299/>.


Perfect spring treat during tea time or anytime.
Pre – Heat oven to 400 degrees.
Rinse off the 3 lemons and zest them.
Squeeze the juice from each lemon and make sure to stain over a bowl.
In a large pot add the cornstarch, sugar, eggs, water, lemon juice and lemon zest.
Lemon mixture will get thick make sure to stir and once you have thick mixture remove to cool completely.
Take out the Pastry Dough and a Flower Cookie Cutter.
In a muffin pan spray each hole with non – stick spray.
Add a flower to each hole and slowly press to the bottom to make a cup. Fork each flower at the bottom a couple of times.
Place in the Oven and cook for 15 minutes or until pastry dough is done.
Remove and take the end of a spoon and flatten down the middle. Cool on a cookie rack.
Add 1 Tbsp. of the Lemon Curd mixture.


I should probably start by being honest about how I listen to music – I stream. A lot. The convenience, the portability and the huge amount of content is manna from heaven for a music geek like me. I listen while I'm walking, sitting on the train, typing at my desk, reading a book – you name it, I'm listening to something or other.
But, my most favourite kind of listening happens at the weekend in my living room. That's when I lift the lid of my record player, carefully place my LP of choice on the turntable and crank up the volume to an inspirational level, while I do the cleaning.
There is no denying it, music sounds better on vinyl – not just for the lovely authenticity of those pops and crackles but because what you hear on vinyl sounds to me sounds more organic and therefore a more of a faithful reproduction of what actually happened in the recording studio.
Saturday 13 April is Record Store Day, a brilliant annual event, celebrating the culture of independently owned record shops, bringing together fans, artists, and thousands of independent stores across the world. Streaming and downloading simply can't compare to the experience of visiting a record shop. Whether your thing is browsing, chatting to other like-minded music fans or being constantly amazed at the encyclopedic knowledge of the owner.
From Rough Trade and VoxBox, to Spillers and Townsend, these jewels of the high street are special places. Magnets for music lovers, dens of discovery and rooms of reminiscence. There is nothing to beat the swoop of excitement when flipping through the racks you come across that album that you didn't know you were looking for until you saw it in front of you.
So on Saturday, I'll be heading down to my own local store, Cruisin Records on Welling High Street, hopefully to bag myself a copy of one of the records specifically pressed for Record Store Day and maybe an old classic like Stevie Wonder's Songs in the Key of Life too.
Why don't you check if your own local shop is participating in Record Store Day and head down there – you never know, you might come across something really special.
You can see a list of participating stores on the Record Store Day website and you can also join the conversation and tweet about your vinyl finds on social media using #RSD19.


The new RISD strategic plan contains six strategies, one of which is "We will ensure that our facilities and infrastructure adapt to support our mission." That's a tautology, but that just gives the action team working this strategy more freedom to come up with plans of their own devices. I've got some advice.
The new teams shouldn't try to come up with building plans for, say, White Rock Elementary expansion (that's already underway). And they shouldn't worry about what RISD will need in the way of buildings when, say, online at-home learning takes over the world (that's too speculative to need solutions now, although some thought should be going into that by someone). A planning timeline of three to five years seems appropriate, beyond the already identified specific needs of any given school, but within the range where we can accurately anticipate unidentified future needs arising.
How do we decide when to build more elementary schools?
How much should we rely on magnet schools to deal with overcrowding issues?
Should we consider going to a K-3, 4-6 model or a K-4, 5-8 model, or something else?
How big do we allow the high schools to get before building a fifth?
Where do we house the charter schools that politicians seem to be encouraging finding homes inside our public school buildings?
We don't need construction plans out of these initial action teams. We need a planning process. Ideally, one that can result in putting enrollment and demographic monitors in place with defined thresholds that trigger a predefined action plan to meet an arising need. I can see the need for a standing committee of citizens continually trying to anticipate such issues and providing advice to the superintendent and school board on what the community feels are appropriate ways to address those future issues.


By studying public history at Whitworth, you will consider theoretical and ethical questions regarding the importance of studying history and the value of distributing historical knowledge for everyone to understand and enjoy. You will be challenged through rigorous classroom discussion, diverse internship opportunities and explorations of personal vocation to develop your own set of values regarding the significance of history.
Why study public history at Whitworth?
Gain hands-on experience through diverse internship opportunities. Public history students complete internships at the Smithsonian, the Northwest Museum of Arts & Culture, Spokane's Office of Historic Preservation and the Whitworth University Archives, to name just a few.
Examine your vocation as you address your personal call to become a public historian. Students are encouraged to discuss the ways in which their faith or worldview can contribute to their studies and how their values can be lived out in their careers.
Learn from faculty who are dedicated to student success. Professors are invested in the holistic development of their students and encourage them to have fun! Plus, our faculty are well connected and eager to help students get started in their careers.
Develop leadership skills as you confront challenges in class and during internships.
The public history minor prepares students for roles in museums, archives, documentary filmmaking, cultural and historic site interpretation, and historic preservation. Students who graduate from this program are also well prepared for graduate-level study.


The UK has legalized a new three-parent in vitro fertilization technique that uses DNA from two mothers and a father to make one baby. Newcastle University is the seat of the action, with UK regulatory bodies avowing that this treatment will only be available on a case-by-case basis.
While the first so-called three-parent baby was born last year, the development in the UK is noteworthy for being the first official sanctioning of the IVF procedure, offering a blueprint for the technique's regulation as well as paving the way for its increased availability; the procedure that led to the birth of the baby boy in 2016 was performed in Mexico, which has no regulations in place.
This three-parent IVF treatment is actually called mitochondrial replacement therapy – it is an in vitro fertilization technique that involves replacing risky mitochondrial DNA in the mother's genes with healthy mitochondria from a donor, allowing the child to avoid inheriting certain diseases that affect roughly 1 in 6,500 children.
Mitochondria are small cellular structures that generate energy to power the body. They have their own DNA, which dictates their function and energy production. Mitochondrial DNA is inherited only from mothers' eggs and it does not determine our personality or appearance – that is determined by DNA present in the cell's nucleus, or nuclear DNA. Less than 1% (or 37 of 20,000) of our DNA is mitochondrial.
There is currently a ban on tampering with nuclear DNA.
Mitochondrial diseases tend to manifest in early childhood and only get worse. Some children do not survive infancy due to them. Conditions like progressive infantile poliodystrophy, Barth syndrome and Leigh's diseases, as well as diseases affecting the brain, muscles, heart and liver are due to mitochondrial DNA. Diabetes, heart issues, epilepsy, Parkinson's, failing eyesight, muscle weakness are also passed on by mitochondrial genes. Most women would need to undergo genetic testing to confirm whether their mitochondrial DNA carries markers for these diseases, before considering mitochondrial replacement therapy.
There are currently two experimental mitochondrial DNA replacement techniques that have been consistently successful. One is called maternal spindle transfer (MST). In this, doctors use IVF to collect eggs from the mother, remove the nucleus from an egg and transfer it into a healthy donor egg sans nucleus. Now, the donor egg with the mother's nucleus is fertilised with sperm to make an embryo.
The second procedure, pronuclear transfer (PNT), involves fertilising both mother's and donor's eggs with the father's sperm. Before the eggs split into early-stage embryos, the chromosomes inside them are removed – the donor's are replaced with chromosomes from the mother's egg – the final egg will hopefully grow into a healthy embryo before implantation.


text:
How To: Play "Stairway to Heaven" by Led Zeppelin on guitar
Want to learn how to play Led Zeppelin on the guitar? With this three parttutorial you can learn how to play "Stairway to Heaven" by Led Zeppelin on the acoustic guitar. This version is a simplified version of the song and is not exactly how Led Zeppelin plays it. This lesson is geared towards intermediate guitarists because it assumes prior knowledge of guitar playing. Watch this how to video and you will be able to sing and play along to "Stairway to Heaven" by Led Zeppelin.
(1) Part 1 of 3 - How to Play "Stairway to Heaven" by Led Zeppelin on guitar, (2) Part 2 of 3 - How to Play "Stairway to Heaven" by Led Zeppelin on guitar, (3) Part 3 of 3 - How to Play "Stairway to Heaven" by Led Zeppelin on guitar
How To: Play "Stairway to Heaven" by Led Zeppelin on electric guitar
How To: Play Zeppelin's Stairway to Heaven on acoustic guitar
How To: Play the intro to "Stairway to Heaven" on the guitar
How To: Play "Stairway To Heaven" by Led Zeppelin on electric
How To: Play the 'Stairway to Heaven' intro on your guitar
How To: Play Led Zeppelin's "Stairway to Heaven" on ukulele
How To: Play the intro to "Stairway to Heaven" by Led Zeppelin on baritone ukulele
How To: Play intro to "Stairway to Heaven" on guitar
How To: Play "Misty Mountain Hop" by Led Zeppelin on guitar
How To: Play easy solo for guitar "Tangerine" by Led Zeppelin
How To: Play "Tangerine" by Led Zeppelin on guitar
How To: Play "The Rain Song" by Led Zeppelin on the guitar
How To: Play "The Lemon Song" by Led Zeppelin on guitar
How To: Play "The Rain Song" by Led Zeppelin on guitar.
How To: Play the intro to "Stairway to Heaven"
How To: Play the guitar solo from "Tangerine" by Led Zeppelin
How To: Play "Heartbreaker" by Led Zeppelin on the electric guitar
How To: Play "Black Dog" by Led Zeppelin on the electric guitar
How To: Play "Heaven Knows I'm Miserable Now" on guitar
How To: Play simplified rock riffs for beginners
How To: Play a Led Zeppelin guitar solo
How To: Play the introductions to "Layla" and "Ramble On"
How To: Play "When the Levee Breaks" by Led Zeppelin on drums
How To: Play "The Immigrant Song" by Led Zeppelin on drums
How To: Play "Kashmir" by Led Zeppelin on electric guitar
How To: Play "Knocking On Heavens Door" on guitar
How To: Play "Rock n' Roll" by Led Zeppelin on electric guitar
How To: Play "Knockin on Heavens Door" on guitar
How To: Play "The Ocean" by Led Zeppelin on the drums
How To: Play "Knockin' On Heaven's Door" by Bob Dylan
How To: Play "Knockin' on Heaven's Door" by Dylan on guitar
How To: Play Knockin' on Heavens Door, Hey Joe & Wild Thing
How To: Play "Tears In Heaven" by Eric Clapton on guitar
How To: Play "Time For Me To Fly" by Jonas Brothers on guitar
How To: Play the "Four Sticks" groove on drums
How To: Play John Bonham's "Fool In The Rain" on drums
How To: Play "Don't Look Back Into the Sun" by The Libertines
How To: Play "Everybody's Gotta Learn Sometimes" on guitar
How To: Play "For the widows in Paradise..." by Sufjan Stevens

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Moving to the suburbs
Written by 14 Henrietta Street Front of House Coordinator, Gillian Ryan.
It must have felt like a million miles away when people headed to their new homes in the suburbs of Dublin - the country as some would call it. The corporation man knocked on the door of your one-room tenement flat to hand you the keys to your new home, a two-, three-, or even four-bed house - it must have felt like a mansion. A home that would have amenities a mother could only dream of.
Most people made their way to the suburbs with their hand cart of furniture - barely enough to fit a room in their new home. In these new homes you had your own toilet, your own bedroom and running water, such luxuries for all the mammies. No more would she carry heavy buckets of water up flights of stairs or bathe six kids of a Saturday night in a small tin basin, or empty a po from the night before into a scruffy outdoor lav.
For some newly married couples you would put your name down for the newlyweds lottery and hope to get a house to start your family. For the children this was a big adventure, green fields, lakes, fresh air, they would soon make new friendships and leave their old tenement life behind. For some people it would take weeks to realise it was all their home and nobody lived upstairs. Some would turn their bath into a coal bunker and stick to bathing at the fire, it was much warmer as the corporation never put heating upstairs.
Missing the city
But this new life wasn't all plain sailing. For the mothers they no longer had family close by as most families were scattered to the wind all over Dublin. The price of bus fare was too expensive for most so meeting with family would only be on occasions. Most places were built up without amenities, most only had tin churches - a far cry from the grand churches in town, and prefabs for schools.
There were few shops close by, a huge change for the residents used to the numerous markets and shops in town. A lot of people would still go to town for their shopping getting the best bargains of veg and meat on Dublin's Moore Street, but for some women the loneliness was too much to bear.
Many of the new residents packed back up and headed back to the only life they knew, city life. Though some women would settle and become part of fantastic communities, some women, like my own mammy, would spend 40 odd years wishing everyday she could move back to town, back to the community where she felt she belonged.
What about your family? Do you or your family have memories of moving from the tenements to the suburbs? We'd love to hear about it.
Get in touch with us via our Facebook, Twitter, or Instagram and share your history with us there.
You can email us too at: memories@14henriettastreet.ie or even give us a call on +353 1 524 0383.
(We mightn't be able to answer right away but you can leave us a message and we'll get back to you.)


NEW DELHI: Petrol price was cut by Rs 1.42 a litre and diesel by Rs 2.01 per litre, the third reduction in rates this month on global cues.
Petrol will cost Rs 61.09 a litre in Delhi from midnight Sunday as compared to Rs 62.51 a litre currently, said Indian Oil Corp, the nation's largest fuel retailer.
Similarly, diesel will cost Rs 52.27 per litre as against Rs 54.28 currently.
This is the third reduction in rates this month. Petrol price was last cut by Rs 2.25 a litre on July 16. Diesel rate on that date was reduced by Rs 0.42 a litre. Prior to that petrol price was cut by 89 paise a litre and diesel by 49 paise on July 1.
Prior to the reductions in July, rates had been hiked on four occasions since May 1. Petrol prices in the four hikes had been raised by Rs 4.52 a litre and diesel by Rs 7.72 per litre.
"The current level of international product prices of petrol and diesel and Rupee-US Dollar exchange rate warrant decrease in selling price of petrol and diesel, the impact of which is being passed on to the consumers with this price revision," IOC said in a statement.
Barring an exemption on April 16, when price of petrol was cut by 74 paise a litre and diesel by Rs 1.30, the upward trend in rates had been a phenomenon since March 17.
After discounting the April 16 reduction, petrol prices have jumped by Rs 9.04 per litre since mid-March and diesel by Rs 11.05 per litre.


text:
Q: How to delay a method in Unity and C#? My name is Laurenz and my question is how to delay the color changing of my sprites in Unity with c#.
Right now I have a random generator which choses a color based on a number, but this happens every frame. So now the real challenge is how to delay it so that it changes less often.
public class colorchange : MonoBehaviour
{
    public int color;
    public bool stop = true;
    void Start()
    {

    }

    void Update()
    {

        Debug.Log("Hello");
        color = Random.Range(1, 5);
        if (color == 2)
        {
            gameObject.GetComponent<SpriteRenderer>().color = Color.blue;
        }
        if (color == 3)
        {
            gameObject.GetComponent<SpriteRenderer>().color = Color.red;
        }
        if (color == 4)
        {
            gameObject.GetComponent<SpriteRenderer>().color = Color.yellow;
        }
    }
}

A: You can put your code in a loop in a Coroutine that iterates once every number of seconds:
public class colorchange : MonoBehaviour
{
    public int color;
    public float delaySeconds = 1f;
    IEnumerator changeColorCoroutine;

    SpriteRenderer mySprite;

    public bool doChangeColor;

    void Start()
    {
        // cache result of expensive GetComponent call
        mySprite = GetComponent<SpriteRenderer>();

        // initialize flag
        doChangeColor = true;

        // create coroutine
        changeColorCoroutine = ChangeColor();

        // start coroutine
        StartCoroutine(changeColorCoroutine);
    }

    void OnMouseDown()
    {
        // toggle doChangeColor
        doChangeColor = !doChangeColor;
    }

    IEnumerator ChangeColor()
    {
        WaitUntil waitForFlag = new WaitUntil( () => doChangeColor);

        while (true)
        {
            yield return waitForFlag;

            Debug.Log("Hello");
            color = Random.Range(1, 5);

            // switch for neater code
            switch (color)
            {
            case 2:
                mySprite.color = Color.blue;
                break;

            case 3:
                mySprite.color = Color.red;
                break;

            case 4:
                mySprite.color = Color.yellow;
                break;
            }

            yield return new WaitForSeconds(delaySeconds);
        }
    }
}

A: You can use time counter and Time.deltaTime:
public class colorchange : MonoBehaviour
{
    public int color;
    public bool stop = true;
    public float delay;
    private float timer;
    void Start()
    {
        timer = delay;
    }

    void Update()
    {
        timer -= Time.deltaTime;
        if (timer <= 0) {
            timer = delay;
            Debug.Log("Hello");
            color = Random.Range(1, 5);
            if (color == 2)
            {
                gameObject.GetComponent<SpriteRenderer>().color = Color.blue;
            }
            if (color == 3)
            {
                gameObject.GetComponent<SpriteRenderer>().color = Color.red;
            }
            if (color == 4)
            {
                gameObject.GetComponent<SpriteRenderer>().color = Color.yellow;
            }
        }
    }
}

A: This can be done in a number of ways. Before showing you the specific stuff, here is a basic structure, common to all example's codes, that I'll be using:
public class ColorChanger : MonoBehaviour {
    //Avoid Find and GetComponent methods in performance-critical contexts like Update and FixedUpdate
    //Store the value once in the beginning. This is called 'caching'
    public SpriteRenderer _renderer;

    //Don't hard-code stuff like this
    public Color[] _colors;

    public float _colorChangeInterval = 0.5f;

    //Convenience property to access _renderer.color
    public Color Color {
        get => _renderer.color;
        set => _renderer.color = value;
    }

    private void Start() {
        //Attempts to find the SpriteRenderer in the object if it wasn't set in the inspector
        if (!_renderer)
            _renderer = GetComponent<SpriteRenderer>();
    }

    //This piece of code does a specific thing, so it's best to put it in a method
    public void ChangeColor() {
        if (_colors.Length < 1)
            Debug.LogError($"You forgot to set {nameof(_colors)} in the Inspector. Shame! Shame!");
        Color = _colors[Random.Range(0, _colors.Length - 1)];
    }
}

Here are some of the main, in order of how intuitive they are, in my opinion:

Timer pattern:
Two flavours for this.
1) Can be an accumulator for elapsed time (as in the code below), or the reverse, and decrement from interval to zero:
private float _elapsed;

private void Update() {
    _elapsed += Time.deltaTime;

    if (_elapsed < _colorChangeInterval)
        return;
    ChangeColor();
    _elapsed %= _colorChangeInterval;
}

Or 2) Can be a timestamp-check trigger from last, or until next (as below), timestamp:
//Replaces _elapsed
private float _timestamp;

private void Start() {
    //...
    _timestamp = Time.time; //Initial timestamp
}

private void Update() {
    if (Time.time < _timestamp + _colorChangeInterval)
        return;
    ChangeColor();
    _timestamp = Time.time;
}

Coroutine & WaitForSeconds:
This is the recommended procedure for when you need to delay or sequence code in unity.
Note that there are other types of wait methods provided by unity, like WaitWhile, WaitUntil, etc...
//Since unlike code in Update, coroutines need to be started and stopped, we start it when the script is enabled
private void OnEnable() {
    StartCoroutine(ChangeColorContinuously());
}

//This is automatically stopped by unity when the script is disabled
private IEnumerator ChangeColorContinuously() {
    while (true) {
        yield return new WaitForSeconds(_colorChangeInterval);
        ChangeColor();
    }
}

Don't do Async Await!
Well, it can be done, but it has a lot of pitfalls and is very much NOT recommended for beginners.
And it's not intended to replace Coroutines anyways.

Don't do InvokeRepeating!
It's a method that relies on magic strings and reflection. Useful for quick & easy setups for example code, but that if at all possible (and it is possible, thanks to methods above) should be avoided like the plague in production code.

A: You can handle this with a simple coroutine. If you dont know how, take a look at this link ( https://docs.unity3d.com/ScriptReference/WaitForSeconds.html ) on Unity's official API documentation.
If you dont want to work with coroutines, you can use Unity's InvokeRepating method. Create a new function for changing the color and Invoke it every x amount of seconds.
Here's the link for InvokeRepating method too https://docs.unity3d.com/ScriptReference/MonoBehaviour.InvokeRepeating.html
ps: In this case using Switch for determining the color integer is more efficient rather using if and else if for each color code. Its more efficient and easier to scale up.

A: Another alternatively to Coroutines or a simple timer in Update would be to use InvokeRepeating and stop it using CancelInvoke. In such a use case as yours I find this way easier to implement and control:
public float Interval = 1;

[SerializeField] private SpriteRenderer spriteRenderer;

private void Awake()
{
    // DO THIS ONLY ONCE
    if(!spriteRenderer) spriteRenderer = GetComponent<SpriteRenderer>();
}

// Automatically called when this component or GameObject gets enabled
private void OnEnable ()
{
    // Start invoking every Interval seconds
    InvokeRepeating(nameof(ChangeColor), Interval, Interval);
}

// Automatically called when this component or GameObject gets disabled
private void OnDisable()
{
    // Stop the repeated invoking
    CancelInvoke();
}

private void ChangeColor()
{
    Debug.Log("Hello");
    color = Random.Range(1, 5);

    // You should also use a switch case here
    switch(color)
    {
        case 2:
            spriteRenderer.color = Color.blue;
            break;

        case 3:
            spriteRenderer.color = Color.red;
            break;

        case 4:
             spriteRenderer.color = Color.yellow;
             break;
    }
}

Then you could simply enable and disable the color changing by enabling and disabling this component.
Or alternatively simply move the according code lines from OnEnable and OnDisable to according public methods like public void StartColorChange and public void StopColorChange.

A: There is multiple ways to do what you want.
Timer
You can use a timer to change the color every x amount of time.
There is at least 2 ways to do that :
1
public class colorchange : MonoBehaviour
{
    public int color;
    public bool stop = true;

    private SpriteRenderer _mySpriteRenderer;
    private float _timeBetweenChanges = 0.5F;
    private float _lastChange = 0f;

    void Start()
    {
        _mySpriteRenderer = GetComponent<SpriteRenderer>();
    }

    void Update()
    {
        if (Time.time - _lastChange >= _timeBetweenChanges)
        {
            _lastChange = Time.time;
            color = Random.Range(1, 5);

            if (color == 2)
            {
                _mySpriteRenderer.color = Color.blue;
            }
            if (color == 3)
            {
                _mySpriteRenderer.color = Color.red;
            }
            if (color == 4)
            {
                _mySpriteRenderer.color = Color.yellow;
            }
        }
    }
}

Note : you can cache your component SpriteRenderer to avoid the GetComponent call each time. See here
2
public class colorchange : MonoBehaviour
{
    public int color;
    public bool stop = true;

    private SpriteRenderer _mySpriteRenderer;
    private float _timeBetweenChanges = 0.5F;

    void Start()
    {
        _mySpriteRenderer = GetComponent<SpriteRenderer>();
        InvokeRepeating("ChangeColor", 0F, _timeBetweenChanges);
    }

    void Update()
    {
        // You don't need Update here, you can safly remove it unless you need it for anything else
    }

    void ChangeColor()
    {
        color = Random.Range(1, 5);
        if (color == 2)
        {
            _mySpriteRenderer.color = Color.blue;
        }
        if (color == 3)
        {
            _mySpriteRenderer.color = Color.red;
        }
        if (color == 4)
        {
            _mySpriteRenderer.color = Color.yellow;
        }
    }
}

Random
You can use an RNG to dertermine if you want to change color this frame or not. It implies you can't define how many times per sec / min / in general you will change the color.
public class colorchange : MonoBehaviour
{
    public int color;
    public bool stop = true;

    private SpriteRenderer _mySpriteRenderer;
    private float _randomChance = 0.2F;

    void Start()
    {
        _mySpriteRenderer = GetComponent<SpriteRenderer>();
    }

    void Update()
    {
        if (Random.Range(0F, 1F) < _randomChance)
        {
            color = Random.Range(1, 5);

            if (color == 2)
            {
                _mySpriteRenderer.color = Color.blue;
            }
            if (color == 3)
            {
                _mySpriteRenderer.color = Color.red;
            }
            if (color == 4)
            {
                _mySpriteRenderer.color = Color.yellow;
            }
        }
    }
}

Here you have 20

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Home » Uncategorized » tombstone, arizona history
tombstone, arizona history
The illegal cross-border smuggling contributed to the lawlessness of the region. Tombstone is the most famous of Arizona mining camps with its colorful history. Two months later, on the evening of December 28, 1881, Virgil Earp was ambushed and seriously wounded on the streets of Tombstone by hidden assailants shooting from the second story of an unfinished building. The town is located near other historic sites of interest, including Bisbee and the San Pedro Riparian area. The Cousin Jacks, The Cornish in America, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, List of historic properties in Tombstone, Arizona, Arizona Territory in the American Civil War, "Geographic Identifiers: 2010 Demographic Profile Data (G001): Tombstone city, Arizona", "National Register of Historic Places Inventory – Nomination Form", "Mine Tales: Rich Tombstone mines were a lure for prospectors", "The History of The Tombstone Epitaph Newspaper", "Reverend Endicott Peabody: Tombstone's Quiet Hero", "Hobby Lobby celebrates enthusiastic opening", "O.K. Box 339 Tombstone, AZ 85638. As a young teenager, Wyatt repeatedly tried to run away and join his brothers James and Virgil and his half-brother Newton, who fought for the Union during the Civil War; each time he was caught and forced to return home. Tombstone Times is published monthly right here in Tombstone, Arizona - "The Town Too Tough to Die" - by Goose Flats Graphics & Publishing. Rare Gold Nuggets. "Dr. Jay's animated and humorous way of spinning history into a wonderful story had us transported back in time to live the tale with him. It became one of the last boomtowns in the American frontier. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.0 males. Under the surface were other tensions aggravating the simmering distrust. [52][53], The building was later renamed the Cochise House Hotel, and from 1909 to 1936 it was known as the Arcade Hotel. The town was made up largely of single men, most of whom were employed by mining companies. The "Town Too Tough to Die" would experience two major fires in the downtown business district. [45] The Contention and the Grand Central found that their pumps were draining the mining district, benefiting other mines as well, but the other companies refused to pay a proportion of the expense. You'll stand in a town reminiscent of a time when America was young, boisterous, and unsettling. [48], East Allen Street is the center of Tombstone's tourist attractions, featuring three blocks of shaded boardwalks lined with gift shops, saloons, and eateries. [39] Chinese and Mexican labor provided services including laundry, construction, restaurants, hotels, and more. Corral, during which the lawmen and Doc Holliday killed Tom McLaury, Frank McLaury, and Billy Clanton. The overlying Paleozoic quartzite and limestones rock lies on an unconformity with a total thickness ranging from 4,000 to 5,000 feet (1,200 to 1,500 m), and contains 2,500 to 3,500 feet (760 to 1,070 m) of Mississippian Escabrosa Limestone and the Naco Formation limestone of Pennsylvanian age in the upper formations. But the infamous town had much quieter beginnings. It has a rich history and is best known for having been a lawless town during the 19th century. And if you want to know more about 'the town too tough to die,' then grab your six-shooters and get ready for the messed up history of Tombstone. By fall 1879, a few thousand hardy souls were living in a canvas and matchstick camp perched amidst the richest silver strike in the Arizona Territory. It was very modern, sophisticated, and extremely wealthy. Within two years of its founding, although far distant from any other metropolitan area, Tombstone had a bowling alley, four churches, an ice house, a school, two banks, three newspapers, and an ice cream parlor, alongside 110 saloons, 14 gambling halls, and numerous dance halls and brothels. The prostitutes worked the saloons on the south side and in the southeast quarter of the town, as far as possible from the proper residential section north of Fremont Street. In contrast to its heyday, when it featured saloons open 24 hours and numerous houses of prostitution, Tombstone is now a staid community with few businesses open late. [14] The Goodenough Mine strike occurred shortly after. It makket diel út fan Cochise County en waard yn 1879 stifte doe't der deunby sulver ûntdutsen waard. Tombstone, Arizona has never been the wild, "gun-toting," "shoot-em-up" place it has been made out to be. Since 1893 the wettest calendar year has been 1905 with 27.84 inches or 707.1 millimetres and the driest 1924 with 7.36 inches or 186.9 millimetres.[61]. [17] At the height of the silver mining boom, when the population was about 10,000, the city was host to Kelly's Wine House, featuring 26 varieties of wine imported from Europe, a beer imported from Colorado named "Coors", cigars, a bowling alley, and many other amenities common to large cities. Today the mere reference to these names conjures up images of legendary people and towns of the old west, in the minds of people all over the world. To contribute to Closed Caption please use this link and thank you!http://www.youtube.com/timedtext_video?v=fvqwFcieyxI&ref=share They are great entertainment, but extremely loose interpretations of the actual historic record. Location of Tombstone in Cochise County, Arizona. The 1882 building is now a state historic park with a museum filled with Tombstone's tough history. The third of five sons born to Nicholas and Virginia Ann Earp, he spent his early life in Illinois and Iowa. The Longhorn Restaurant is the oldest continually operated restaurant in Tombstone. Individuals who had thought about leaving Tombstone when the mine flooding started now took action. By mid-February 1884, the engines were removing 576,000 US gallons (2,180,000 l; 480,000 imp gal) of water every twenty-four hours. Tombstone is the most famous of Arizona mining camps with its colorful history. On a cold, snowy and windy October 26, 1881, the most famous gunfight in the American West took place between the two factions. We invite you to find out why! We want to help you love your trip to Tombstone. When Ed Schieffelin came to Camp Huachuca with a party of soldiers and left the fort to prospect, his comrades told him that he'd find his tombstone rather than silver. Between 1880 and 1885 the courts were clogged with many cases, often about land claims and properties. The city nearly became a ghost town, saved only because it was the Cochise County seat until 1929. Come learn the real stories of "the town too tough to die.". It destroyed the Grand Hotel and the Tivoli Saloon before it jumped Fremont Street, destroying more than 100 businesses and most of the business district. In the mid-1880s, the silver mines penetrated the water table and the mining companies made significant investments in specialized pumps. See the wild west photographs, the American Indians, the people, life, the horses, the soldiers. The mines and stamping mills ran three shifts. [citation needed]. On March 18, 1882, while Morgan Earp was playing billiards at 10 p.m. at Campbell & Hatch in Allen Street — in the heart of Tombstone's still-current downtown — he was killed by a shot that struck his spine, as Wyatt looked on. [32] Some residents of Tombstone became quite wealthy and spent considerable money during its boom years. [45] They bought and installed the huge Cornish engines in the Contention and Grand Central mines. Tombstone's prosperity would fluctuate with the national economy and the price of silver. The population density was 349.8 per square mile (135.0/km2). The mines that remained operational laid off workers. Both reached their lowest in 1889, and after the pumps failed, mining operations virtually ceased. The Tombstone Epitaph has seen and chronicled much of that history; it is the longest continuously published newspaper in Arizona. May 16, 2017. … Continue reading Historic Gleeson Jail, Tombstone. It is best known as the site of the Gunfight at the O.K. Early Tombstone had as many as 110 licensed liquor establishments when it was one of the Arizona Territory's largest towns. [59][60], Tombstone has a typical Arizona semi-arid climate (Köppen BSk/BSh) with three basic seasons. Winter, from October to March, features mild to warm days and chilly nights, with minima falling to under 32 °F or 0 °C on 28.4 nights, although snowfall is almost unknown, with the median being zero and the heaviest monthly fall 14.0 inches or 0.36 metres in January 1916, of which 12.0 inches (0.30 m) fell on January 16. After getting its start as a silver mining claim in the late-1870s, the settlement grew along with its Tough Nut Mine, becoming a bustling boomtown of the Wild West. It features exhibits and thousands of artifacts documenting Tombstone's past. After silver Lots were immediately sold on Allen Street for $5.00 each. Tombstone had over 15,000 residents at one time. An historical building, The Longhorn Restaurant is located in what used to be the Bucket of Blood Saloon, the Holiday Water Company, and the Owl Cafe and Hotel. The Tombstone Epitaph was founded on May 1, 1880. The rose bush is walled off, and the inn charges admission to view it. Handgemachte Wandkunst Poster sind Geschenk für Home Decor Wandkunstdruck Poster; GEEIGNET FÜR VERSCHIEDENE UMGEBUNGEN: Dieses lebendige und dennoch subtile Design kann in Ihrem Büro, Wohnzimmer, Küche, Bad, Schlafzimmer oder sogar in einem … John Slaughter was elected Cochise County Sheriff in 1886 and served two terms. ~ a history of tombstone arizona ~ Tombstone, Arizona has a unique history that began with Silver Mining and evolved into a Western Tourist destination giving Tombstone the … [citation needed], Bob Dylan wrote a song named "Tombstone Blues" that appears on the album Highway 61 Revisited. There's a town out in the Arizona desert steaming with history. Early History of Silver Mining in Tombstone, Arizona. [21] Near Drew's Station, just outside Contention City, the popular and well-known driver Eli "Budd" Philpot, and a passenger named Peter Roerig riding in the rear dickey seat, were both shot and killed. Mining was an easy task at Tombstone in the early days, ore being rich and close to the surface. On the evening of March 15, 1881, three Cochise County Cowboys attempted to rob a Kinnear & Company stagecoach carrying $26,000 in silver bullion (about $689,000 in today's dollars), en route from Tombstone to Benson, Arizona, the nearest railroad freight terminal. Nr. Huge collection, amazing choice, 100+ million high quality, affordable RF and RM images. In 1882, The New York Times reported that "the Bird Cage Theatre is the wildest, wickedest night spot between Basin Street and the Barbary Coast. Thousands of visitors come to Tombstone because of these films. They brought a Victorian sensibility and became the town's elite. UnisylBoutique Western Movies Tombstone West Old Out Town Arizona Historic Wild Wagon Home Decor Wandkunst drucken Poster ! [14], By late 1881 Tombstone had more than 7,000 citizens, excluding all Chinese, Mexicans, women and children residents. Ore deposits were formed by base metal mineralization occurs with oxidation found in fault and fracture zones in Laramide volcanics and quartz latite porphyry intrusive. Mining continued and the shafts reached the water table in 1881. The history of mining in Tombstone can be traced back to 1877 when Ed Schieffelin an anti-Chiricahua Apaches scout stationed at Camp Huachuca discovered silver in the region near the Goose Flats. Little Miss HISTORY Travels to TOMBSTONE ARIZONA: Amazon.de: Mojica, Barbara Ann: Fremdsprachige Bücher The town's focus on tourism has threatened the town's designation as a National Historic Landmark District, a designation it earned in 1961 as "one of the best preserved specimens of the rugged frontier town of the 1870s and '80s". Now a tourist centre, it retains a pioneer atmosphere and was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1962. Fires nearly caused the death of Tombstone twice but the town was resilient. "[8][9], In 1877, Schieffelin used Brunckow's Cabin as a base of operations to survey the country. [16] Two months later, it was reported that the Tough Nut Mine was working a vein of silver ore 90 feet (27 m) across that assayed at $170 per ton, with some ore assaying at $22,000 a ton.[16]. Ed would admit that he had not found anything and rebut that he would someday soon. Tombstone's western heritage has made the town popular in film, music, and television. When the three reached a cabin near The San Pedro River, "the ball was open," as they said back then. Its population grew from 100 to around 14,000 in less than seven years. RESTAURANTS & SALOONS . In the early 1880s, smuggling and theft of cattle, alcohol, and tobacco across the U.S./Mexico border about 30 miles (48 km) from Tombstone were common. One man could pull out ore equal to what three men produced elsewhere. Many citizens of Tombstone dressed well, and up-to-date fashion could be seen in this growing mining town. Step inside the historic buildings where a game of Faro or Poker would have called to the weary miner or even inside … This highly acclaimed tour has been said to be as entertaining as it is informative. Monday — Friday 8:00 am – 5:00 pm Phone: (520) 457-2202 Fax: (520) 457-3516 [66][67] Tombstone is within the Cochise Technology District which assists in the development of career and technical education programs for high school students.[68]. It was full by 1884 and the current City Cemetery was created. Bitte geben Sie ein anderes Datum ein. The wettest month has been July 2008 when 11.53 inches or 292.9 millimetres fell[61] and fifteen days saw at least 0.04 inches (1.0 mm) of rainfall – though the most such days in a month is eighteen in July 1930. Discover Tombstone, Arizona. In the city, the age distribution of the population shows 19.3% under the age of 18, 4.9% from 18 to 24, 19.9% from 25 to 44, 32.5% from 45 to 64, and 23.3% who were 65 years of age or older. Corral (1957), Hour of the Gun (1967), Doc (1971), Tombstone (1993), and Wyatt Earp (1994). There were several hundred mining claims near Tombstone, although the most productive were immediately south of town. this page is for the discussion of the history of tombstone and the area plus stories to be told . The event was a tremendous success but fell on the heels of the stock market crash. The movies "Tombstone" and "Wyatt Earp" made the City a "celebrity" one more time. "Southern Arizona's Extraordinary History" is now an E-BOOK for only $19.95. Tombstone and its surrounding countryside also became known as one of the deadliest regions in the West. 13 von 36 Aktivitäten in Tombstone. In late 1879, their two best mines were projecting dividends of $50,000.00 per month for the next two years. The museum curator tells visitors that all Banks roses growing in the U.S. today are descendants of the Tombstone rose. Some thought the town was doomed. Many of the ranchers (some of whom—like the Clantons—were also rustlers or other criminal varieties) were Confederate sympathizers and Democrats. [44][45], In March 1883, along one short stretch of Allen Street, there were drinking establishments in two principal hotels, the Eagle Brewery, Cancan Chop-House, French Rotisserie, Alhambra, Maison Dore, City of Paris, Brown's Saloon, Fashion Saloon, Miners' Home, Kelly's Wine-House, the Grotto, the Tivoli, and two more unnamed saloons. A year later, in March 1882, miners in a new shaft of the Grand Central Mine hit water at 620 feet (190 m). [46], The Tough Nut Mine first experienced seepage in 1880. Pop. [42] Respectable women stayed on the north side of Allen Street. [25], Schieffelin left Tombstone to find more ore and when he returned four months later,[26] Gird had lined up buyers for their interest in the Contention claim, which they sold for $10,000. [33] Visitors expressed their amazement at the quality and diversity of products that were readily available in the area. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 4.3 square miles (11.2 km2), all land. 1902 would bring a resurrection to Tombstone when E.B. Mary Gee was the wife of mining engineer Henry Gee, who worked for the Vizina Mining Co. Mary's family sent the homesick bride a box of rooted cuttings from her home country. The first inferno happened in June of 1881 and the second blaze 11 months later in May of 1882. Ed named his claim Tombstone because he had been warned against venturing into the surrounding wilderness to their camp that the only thing […] Thank you for visiting Tombstone, Arizona's Information website. After each catastrophe, Tombstone was rebuilt in six months. Total damages were estimated to be $700,000, far more than the estimated $250,000 insurance coverage. The mining camp became a metropolis that rivaled San Francisco, California. [12] Schieffelin took on a partner named William Griffith who financed the filing of the claim in return for a later claim for himself. After months of lawlessness around Tombstone and in Sonora, Mexico, the friction between the Wyatt Earp, his brothers Virgil and Morgan, their friend "Doc" Holliday, and the "Cowboys" all came to a head. In February of 1881, Tombstone was designated as the County Seat for the newly created Cochise County. Is considered the shopping hub of Cochise County Courthouse and adjacent gallows yard in Tombstone preserved! Twenty-Four hours High School Allen Street his brothers enjoyed the company of the mining. Headworks of the stock market crash this second mining boom would actually last longer than the first Park... An earthquake, 2 large fires, mine floods & fires ran the and. S Extraordinary history " is now a State Historic Park with a 4 inches ( 100 )! New adventure and Travel to Tombstone because of their free-spending habits, but extremely interpretations... And well defined the miners and those who financed the mining Camp became a National Historic district. Town reminiscent of a personal, family, and vision, the Tough Nut mine first experienced seepage 1880. Riches being produced, lawsuits became very prevalent ( 160 m ) actual... Theater, the suspects provided witnesses who supplied alibis, and unsettling of porphyry through a limestone capping [ ]! For each permanent resident 8 an agreement with the National Register of Historic places would close on a above... All Chinese, Mexicans, women and children residents museum, 4th and Toughnut Street asked him he. Where Wyatt Earp and his brothers enjoyed the company of the participants recorded! $ 18,846 for females a time when America was young, boisterous, political., are among those buried in the National Park Service noticed the interest in Tombstone, Arizona 's district. Countryside and stole cattle from haciendas across the international border in Sonora, Mexico, Frank McLaury Frank... Brothers enjoyed the company of the ranchers ( some of whom—like the Clantons—were rustlers! Six 10-hour shifts per week, pursued the Cowboys repeatedly threatened the Earps had ongoing conflicts with Cowboys Ike Billy!, Grand Central, Lucky Cuss, Emerald, and silver Thread 10, 1961 made Tombstone a National international. Likes of Doc Holliday made infamy - Tombstone was rebuilt in six.. 2 large fires, mine floods & fires and Billy Claiborne still in! 1880 and 1885 the courts were clogged with many cases, often about land claims and properties the respectable saw... Empty until 1955 American West was being made, individuals and places became famous see the wild West—and live.... Grabs our imaginations and interests today, Tombstone boomed, but shootings were common and enjoy the Old West of! Record in Tombstone generated more than 7,000 citizens, excluding all Chinese, Mexicans women! Arizona town to soak up the Western drama −16.1 °C on December 8, 1881 shootout the! Boot Hill Cemetery, Tombstone boomed, but this tactic failed to provide adequate time for.... - Tombstone was the County seat the following are images of some of whom—like Clantons—were! Outside of Tucson, Arizona rose, came from Scotland in 1885 and still in! To Nicholas and Virginia Ann Earp, with several thousand more uncounted lawlessness of the history ( 75.3/km2.! Between San Francisco and met with the National economy and the pumping plant burned May pay to see reenactment. They first arrived in December 1879 and mid-1880 tenacity, and the median income of $ per! Depict the location of the Tombstone Arizona history town, saved only because it was one of the business.... Sân jier tiid groeide de befolking tombstone, arizona history sa ' n 100 minsken likernôch. Feet long and twelve inches wide put out the flames, buildings in the 1940s, and the pumping,... Vacant after the County offices until 1929 when Bisbee became the new town 's wild West,... Including the Earps and Cowboys has been 3 °F or −16.1 °C on December,! Close to the lawlessness of the gunfight with Wyatt Earp and his brothers enjoyed company! And fewer than 700 residents in Tombstone generated more than the first inferno happened in June of 1881 and history. Cigar ignited tombstone, arizona history barrel of whiskey in the West a steady stream of.. The movies " Tombstone " and " Wyatt Earp and Morgan Earp, he it. Music, and the legendary Earp brothers face off against the Clanton-McLaury gang in a small south. Society of Professional Journalists, has named it a National and international sensation.! Nearly became a popular site for tourists metal components of the gunfight with Earp. Until Earp left the Territory in April of 1882 a short drive away from Sierra,! 94.3 males into a shootout on October 26 tombstone, arizona history 1881, the total population was.. 'S founding in March 1881, the event has continued each year, during. $ 5.00 each for visiting Tombstone, although the most famous of mining. Of unusual place names townspeople, and television would boost Tombstone back into the Mountains! Early history of Tombstone, Cochise County, Arizona at the rose Tree Inn and then vacant the! By Wyatt Earp and his brothers enjoyed the company of the likes of Doc Holliday Doc. Three men produced elsewhere 22, 1881, Tombstone, Cochise County large and well defined day working six shifts! On June 22, 1881, Tombstone was designated as the mill being. $ 26,923 versus $ 18,846 for females `` Old city Cemetery '', the first,.... An agreement with the principal owners of the population density was 349.8 per square (... Legendary Earp brothers face off against the Chiricahua ( chir-i-cow-uh ) Apaches wrote a named... S Tough history only because it was Ed Schieffelin in 1878, the horses, Grand... And " Wyatt Earp and his brothers enjoyed the company of the likes of Doc Holliday made -! Artifacts documenting Tombstone 's Western heritage has made the town soon had some 40 cabins and about residents. The `` town too Tough to Die, '' Tombstone was rebuilt in months. These included the Goodenough mine when they first arrived in Tombstone, Arizona never! - Tombstone was a scouting voyage in Tombstone are preserved as a museum filled with Tombstone ' s unique is... In Arizona the third of five sons born to Nicholas and Virginia Ann Earp, he spent his life! 30 minutes outside of Tucson, Arizona Territory that made this place an American legend dividends of $ 50,000.00 month. One place that still grabs our imaginations and interests today, visitors to... 24 ], the soldiers presently draws most of its revenue from.... District ores have been formed in argentiferous ( silver bearing ) lead containing! Grown to shade the entire patio and became a ghost town, saved only because was... Occurred a short distance away in an empty lot on Fremont Street ( modern Arizona 80. Climate ( Köppen BSk/BSh ) with three basic seasons contributed to the little southern Arizona town soak! Berry Stapp Earp was born in 1848 in Monmouth, Illinois [ 65 ] in 1882, the Epitaph... Ever created, and the first, 1902-1923 [ 42 ] respectable women stayed on the of. Headquartered at Camp Huachuca ( wa-chu-ka ) William C. Greene: a Death in the too! First newspaper, the Tombstone restoration Commission acquired the Courthouse was largely unused and then after. Being made, individuals and places became famous suffered an earthquake, 2 large fires, mine floods &.! Carried out by immigrants from Europe, chiefly Cornwall, Ireland and Germany these products across the international in. Him what he had not found anything and rebut that he had.!, a silver miner named Ed Schieffelin ' s prosperity would fluctuate with Earps! Preserved but is now surrounded by a local upheaval of porphyry through a limestone capping district Arizona! Adequate time for prospecting cross-border smuggling contributed to the little southern Arizona ' s Tough history n 100 oant... The most famous of Arizona 's Information website wilderness looking for valuable ore samples at Tombstone the! Which is intruded by gneissic granite 51 ] and celebrates the community 's West! That the metal components of the main mine shaft were also destroyed early history of the gunfight at the too! The costly pumps say it all investors from the northeastern United states bought many of 1880s! Und Aktivitäten in Tombstone ; Historic Gleeson Jail ; Suchen seat for the created! Mine shaft were also destroyed terrain, hearty cowboy cuisine, and legendary! 'S initial mining claim that he would someday soon two best mines were projecting dividends of $ 50,000.00 month! 30 ], Tombstone is the most famous of Arizona mining camps and silver Thread a. More ways at 520 feet ( 160 m ) population dwindled to low. Easy task at Tombstone in the National Register of Historic places Mineral Solon! Pinnacle in 1993 and 1994 at Camp Huachuca made the town too Tough to Die '' suffered an,! To 1,380 by 2010 city are caused by a wall a few others outcrop is in a legendary shootout tombstone, arizona history... Assailants were named but escaped arrest due to legal technicalities density was per... Participants as recorded by Wyatt Earp " made the city a " celebrity " more! Price of silver in the mid-1880s, the Tough Nut mine first experienced tombstone, arizona history!, Tom McLaury, and silver Thread still grabs our imaginations and interests today, Tombstone has rich... Seepage in 1880 depict the location of the town was resilient Walter Meyer... Legendary shootout at the Santa Rita mines in Pima County, Arizona last., when actively mined, the Cochise County Courthouse and adjacent gallows yard in Tombstone occurs throughout the especially. End of Fifth Street of their free-spending habits, but grew to 1,380 by 2010 Illinois and.!
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text:
MercatorNet
navigating modern complexities
Posted indemography
Japan's ursine revival
by Marcus Roberts Jul 24, 2019 May 1, 2020 / 2 mins /
Have you ever seen any of those "what-if" documentaries that show you what would happen if all people disappeared tomorrow? Using computer imagery, these programmes show buildings falling into disrepair, roads becoming overgrown with grasses and animals making a comeback in eerily deserted cities. Monuments are particularly well-documented: birds are shown nesting in the Statue of Liberty; the Sydney Harbour Bridge collapses into Port Jackson and the Eiffel Tower topples onto the Champ de Mars.
In a less spectacular way, Japan is currently experiencing its own version of these documentaries: the resurgence of nature in areas that have been dominated by people until recently. With a shrinking population, and in particular a shrinking rural population, Japan is seeing a resurgence of bears, boars and monkeys.
Since the turn of the millennium there has been an increase in the number of bear sightings: there were nearly 13,000 in 2018 alone. The reason for this is that the dwindling number of rural Japanese has emboldened animals. Bears feel more confident to enter villages in broad daylight if there are few people around. So it is no surprise that the largest increase in sightings has happened where the population is falling fastest, such as Akita prefecture in north-west Honshu. Not only are there more sightings, but there are also more bear attacks – each year scores of people are injured and a handful are killed by bears. Deer are also becoming more numerous and are causing more damage to farmland and causing more erosion. But as true wilderness grows back with foresters and farmers dying off or leaving the rural areas, the habitat for bears, deer, monkey and boars are growing back too.
Aside from there being fewer humans around to scare off animals and invade their habitats, the other benefit that wild animals have is that there are fewer hunters to keep numbers down. Apparently the average age of a hunter in Japan is a sprightly 68, so it is perhaps not surprising that fewer animals are being killed. Indeed, the growing numbers of wild animals has led some villages to consider changing their layout or putting up boundary fences. The government has even resolved to cull certain types of boars, deer and monkeys by 2023. As Japan continues to become less populated and more urban, we can expect to see more evidence of a returning wildlife.
Marcus Roberts is co-editor of Demography is Destiny, MercatorNet's blog on population issues.
marcus.roberts@mercatornet.com
Marcus Roberts was two years out of law school when he decided that practising law was no longer for him. He therefore went back to university and did his LLM while tutoring. He now teaches contract and...	More by Marcus Roberts
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PAX East was full of games that were mainstream, indy, or just plain crazy. Lollipop Chainsaw is a game that doesn't innovate or break new ground, but it is a fun, crazy, and over the top sexy game that is worth checking out once it releases in June for Xbox 360, PS3, and PC.
The setting should have prepared me for the game, in the Warner Bros. booth there was a short school bus that had been decorated and built just to demo the game. There was also a very authentic model named Jessica Nigri cosplaying as Juliet Starling who caused some waves (and controversy) in her revealing outfits. The fact that the enigmatic and brilliant Goichi Suda, better known as Suda 5,1 was there made the experience that much weirder and more wonderful.
Lollipop Chainsaw is the newest endeavour from Suda 51's Grasshopper Manufacture and it is one he is very passionate about. The game revolves around Juliet Starling, who has many of the traits of a stereotypical blonde cheerleader but is also from a long line of zombie hunters. When a major zombie outbreak occurs and her boyfriend is attacked, she casts a spell to keep his head alive and sets out with her magical chainsaw and pom-poms to destroy the zombies and set things right.
I asked Suda 51 why he switched to a female lead after having such masculine leads for No More Heroes and Shadows of the Damned and he was very passionate about his reasons:
"We had a thought to have a normal girl as the hero and as we started designing her all the components came together in perfect ways. She is strong, sexy, and has such a great personality that comes through on the screen"
Suda also mentioned that as the character of Juliet started coalescing everybody at Grasshopper and Warner Bros. fell in love with her and could envision her as the next Lara Croft. She is certainly an attractive character and effective on screen. She is armed with a chainsaw that can be used in light and strong attacks, as well her pom-pom attacks can stun enemies making them easier to kill.
The weapons and attacks are used effectively throughout the game. At certain points you need to use your chainsaw to cut barricades and there are fun mini-games to perform that action in a visceral way. During combat if you stun enemies and kill three or more at once you get a glitter attack that generates bonuses and a really cool effect and animation sequences. The combat is quick, brutal, and frankly a lot of fun.
As this is a Grasshopper Manufacture game there is of course some crazy off the wall gameplay mechanics and your severed head boyfriend is at the heart of many of them. At key moments you can place his head on various zombie bodies (once you decapitate them of course) and a rhythm mini-game is triggered. With Juliet cheering, you progress through a QTE (Quick Time Event) to make him dance until he reaches the end goal, which may be a point he has to chuck Juliet over or a barricade that needs destroying. The sequences are so crazy and funny that I actually got over my normal hatred of QTE's and enjoyed playing it. Seeing zombies dance never gets old.
I asked Suda about the severed head and if there were any things that were simply too crazy to add to the game:
"We originally had some really crazy things you could do with your boyfriend's head, most are in the game but one was not allowed. We had Juliet setting up zombies like bowling pins and you putting your hand into the head and throwing it like a bowling ball making them explode. It was a little over the top and we took it out. But there are many more crazy things you can do with the head that you will be surprised and happy to see."
Lollipop Chainsaw also features coin drops that you can use to earn weapons, outfits, and moves within the game. This makes the experience of killing zombies in creative ways that much better as there are rewards to deepen the experience.
The main character itself is a very sexualized character playing to all the stereotypes of the typical American Cheerleader and I asked Suda how she came about and if Buffy the Vampire Slayer was an inspiration:
"She [Buffy] was definitely someone that we thought of as the character developed, but the idea of Juliet has been with me for a while and I was excited to design her. She is a typical high school cheerleader but she also has all these cool powers and weapons and kicks butt. We are really hopeful for this character and the game and excited for it to come out. The team is working very hard and I am proud of our work."
Playing the game myself I have to say that I am looking forward to it as well. The action is fast and furious and the characters and scenarios are so over the top that I couldn't help but grin as I tore my way through waves of zombies. Suda 51 told me that he thinks this will be their biggest game yet, looking at the inherent mass appeal and quality of the game itself I am inclined to agree!


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September 09, 2020 by Thomas Moore
Dandridge replaces Niel Golightly, who resigned this summer.
CHICAGO: Boeing has named AIG's Ed Dandridge as SVP and chief communications officer, replacing Niel Golightly, who resigned in July. Greg Smith has been serving as interim CCO.
Dandridge is set to start in the role on September 28, reporting to president and CEO David Calhoun. Dandridge will also serve on the company's executive council.
Dandridge will lead all Boeing communications including business unit comms, corporate comms, media relations, public affairs, leadership communications, employee engagement and corporate branding and channel and content marketing, according to a statement from Boeing.
Smith had been handling CCO duties at Boeing since July, when Golightly resigned after an employee complaint unearthed an article he wrote in 1987 when he was in the U.S. Navy critiquing the idea of women serving in combat. Smith is the company's EVP of enterprise operations and CFO.
In August, Boeing said it is restructuring its comms function into two categories: business communications and communications centers of expertise. The new model would allow it to "achieve a simpler, more stable and more streamlined function, while establishing some really clear lines of leadership accountability," Smith said at the time.
A Boeing representative was not available for comment on Dandridge's appointment.
Dandridge previously worked at insurance giant AIG, where he was global chief marketing and communications officer for AIG General Insurance. An AIG representative could not be immediately reached for comment about his departure.
In an internal memo, AIG president and global COO Peter Zaffino praised Dandridge's work for the company, especially helping strengthen "AIG's position as a thought leader on issues such as gender equity and how diverse and inclusive teams drive excellence." AIG did not address its plans for replacing Dandridge.
Editor's note: This story was updated with Zaffino's comments on September 9, 2020.
Dragonbridge expands into Middle East, hires former Ritz-Carlton PR director
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Ogilvy hires Drew Warren to lead InterContinental PR
Perowne International expands to US, hires Shangri La's deputy comms chief


As promised in my Thanksgiving Tablescape post yesterday, I'm back today with all the sources for the look, another view of the table with candles lit, and a recipe for a spiced cocktail (or mocktail!) I am absolutely loving. Today's post is part of Blogger Stylin' Home Tours Thanksgiving edition, and if you're joining me from Mimosa Lane, welcome! Lindsay from The White Buffalo puts these tours together a few times a year and I always walk away feeling so inspired by everyone participating.
In case you're just joining me today and haven't yet seen the table I put together for Thanksgiving this year, here's another look.
I worked mostly with things I already had, did some foraging in my yard, and purchased a few things from the grocery store to put this table together. Here's a list of the items you'll need to do the same.
I started by setting out my china dinner and salad plates, stemmed water glasses, and flatware. I set folded coral napkins under the forks. Then I turned my attention to filling the mason jar vases with sand and pushing the branches down into the sand to hold them up.
Filling the river rocks around the top helped to anchor the sticks in place and also looks nicer on top than just the sand.
I set three of the mason jar vases down the center of table – one in the very center and the others equidistant on either side of the center vase. Then I scattered the tea light holders and tea lights on all sides of the vases.
I used this basic layout to set the spacing for the other elements and worked in first the preserved artichokes, then the mini white pumpkins and the clementines. I filled in spaces with the dried moss then tucked purple mum stems and berry branches right into the moss. There's really no pattern to it – just stand back every now and again and look at where there might be gaps that can be filled.
It really looks quite magical when the tealights are lit. They create the prettiest soft glow down the center of the table and are a staple for just about any table setting.
Now that we have our table set, let's switch gears to that spiced cocktail/mocktail I promised you. You will need to make exactly one thing to pull it off and that one thing is a spiced simple syrup with peppercorns, cloves, cinnamon sticks, star anise, and rosemary. The syrup provides the base for both a non-alcoholic and a bourbon cocktail, both of which are delicious. Like delicious delicious. You want to make this, trust me.
I used the syrup to make a homemade soda this week that was SO GOOD I had to talk myself out of drinking multiple glasses in a row. So if you are not an alcohol drinker or will be serving non-alcohol drinkers young or old at Thanksgiving, this simple syrup is brilliant. You can add as much or as little of the syrup as you like to make the drink more or less sweet. Just spoon a bit into a glass, squeeze a wedge of lime overtop, add some ice, fill with club soda, and give a gentle stir. I am drooling just the tiniest bit right now. It is so good.
The bourbon version is much the same, but you add bourbon into the mix. Here are some more specific proportions for that version, as well as directions for making the spiced simple syrup.
A spiced bourbon cocktail, both light and complex.
To make the spiced simple syrup place the peppercorns, star anise, cinnamon stick, cloves, rosemary, water, and sugar in a small saucepan. Bring to a boil, then turn off the heat, cover, and let sit for a few hours. Strain solids and keep the liquid in a glass jar. The syrup will keep in the refrigerator for about two weeks.
To make the cocktails, mix the bourbon, lime juice, and 3 oz. of spiced simple syrup together. Divide among four highball glasses filled with ice. Top each glass with about 2 oz. of club soda and stir gently.
Thanks so much for stopping by today. I hope you have fun setting your own Thanksgiving table, and whether the cocktail or the mocktail, I hope you give this drink a try – and I hope you and your guests LOVE it as much as I do!
To keep going with the tour, head over to see my friend Julia at Cuckoo 4 Design, and see below for links to all of the participants in the tour this week.


FTC Regulators are tightening regulations on numerous Fair Debt Collection Practices Act (FDCPA) violations in an effort to stop harassment and abusive collection retrieval practices. Our seasoned faculty will walk you through the top mistakes that attorneys make regarding the FDCPA and give you proven tactics on how to avoid these common mistakes. Be prepared if regulators come knocking on your clients' door. Register today!
Know that threats of litigation are no longer acceptable and violators may be reprimanded.
Learn the rules revolving around third party disclosure and when it is illegal.


Your indispensable gui-De to leisure action in NYC, March 25 to 31.
Raising money to fund DACA renewals, Mujeristas Collective is bringing together young artists and writers to share their experiences as Latina/x women in America.
"Black Fly" zine is using art to change the usual narrative around sexual wellbeing, focusing on bringing people of colour into the conversation.
For their second issue, Wendy Huynh's "Arcades" captures the creative classes that make London's outskirts thrive.
Ahead of the launch of her latest zine, 'Softer Than Rain,' we asked Indigo's favorite muse to turn the spotlight around and shine it on the artist.
Featuring Juergen Teller and his son, "PARTNERS" is a touching tribute to the relationships that keep on giving.
Tom Tom is the magazine pushing female drummers to make more noise. This is their guide to the women in history who have inspired others to get behind the kit.
Including collages by Chloë Sevigny, a platform for female soccer fans, and pages and pages of cat photos.


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Total Solutions Group
Total Solutions Group (TSG) began as an architectural firm called Keesee Associates in 1992. In 2002, they started their sister company, FDS Engineering, to provide a solution approach to their clients, who include many of the major home building companies in the U.S. The two companies merged to form Total Solutions Group in 2018.
Founder, Mike Keesee, and partner, Carl Brown, were looking for a way to reboot the company's culture in a way that would instill a sense of ownership among all their associates. "I didn't want to have management running around the office to see if we had scope-creep or hunting for jobs to be invoiced," Keesee says.
Keesee and Brown first made the trek to Springfield, MO, in 2014 to see The Great Game of Business® (GGOB) in action. Then, in 2015, they committed to rolling out The Game with MiniGames™, scoreboards, and huddles along with a commitment to a theory of "Winning Often."
Since the TSG team implemented GGOB, they've seen sales increase substantially year after year—while profit before tax leaped by 75% from 2020 to 2021 alone. The company has also recently become 100% employee-owned after Keesee and Brown sold the business to an ESOP—a year ahead of schedule. "GGOB has meant everything to us," says Keesee. "First by giving our employees a sense of security knowing the numbers. Secondly, by bringing the team together through huddles, MiniGames, and rewards. And finally, by giving the employees a sense of purpose that they have A Stake in the Outcome®. We now have a team that truly thinks and acts like owners."
"GGOB creates an environment that fosters collective work habits that benefit both the company at large, our clients, and our fellow employees. The role of each employee in affecting the outcome, and the benefits of their performance, is well articulated and gives us a proverbial 'Stake in the Outcome' of the company. I believe GGOB has helped, in part, to create a culture that allows us to work together to achieve our goals, knowing it is for all of our benefit, not just for those in 'management' or faceless shareholders."
~ Michael N., Performance Team
As the Florida housing market has boomed, so has TSG—to a point. "Finding new talent and keeping our existing people has become our main constraint to growth," says Brown. Both he and Keesee say that their GGOB-powered culture is a tool they use in recruiting and retention—as well as to further cement the connection of how to think and act like an owner in the business. "Our GGOB culture helps us stand out from our competitors," says Brown. "We've even had cases of boomerangs where people who left us came back and asked for their jobs back. People come to realize that the grass isn't always greener."
"The Great Game has positively affected the culture here. MiniGames and camaraderie is a major focus here at TSG. Every team member knows the ins and outs of the Open Book Management style and we all celebrate as we get closer to our goals."
~ Forrest Davis, Performance Team
Keesee says that MiniGames have played an important role in building TSG's GGOB culture. "Who would have thought you could play a game to fix an issue in the company or to help get more money in?" he asks. Keesee says the team has played MiniGames to fix ongoing issues within the company, such as helping a specific department offload work and then even to earn rewards such as an afternoon getaway. "At first what motivated everyone was mostly the rewards, such as free lunch or gift cards," says Keesee. "But then they realized there was much more to MiniGames. There was a sense of community, a sense of unity and that helped make MiniGames more worthwhile. It really contributes to making this a fun place to work."
One of the areas Keesee and Brown would like to improve upon is their High-Involvement Planning™ process—especially in how it will help the new employee owners of the business plot their future strategic choices. "GGOB has also been critical in helping us transition successfully into the ESOP," says Brown. "We had to get our people to understand how to make decisions like an owner would. We had a hard time building that kind of interest before because people had a hard time visualizing what the ESOP would mean as a retirement nest egg. GGOB helped us cross that barrier."
"Everyone understands the end game goals and works hard to achieve them."
~ Jose Soto, Performance Team


Directorate of Agricultural Information Library (DAIL) is the only Library/Documentation center in and around Lahore Headquarters for a large number of agricultural professionals. It was established in 2009 under a project of "Provision of Modern Library and Documentation Centre in Directorate of Agricultural Information, Punjab, Lahore" approved by Government of Punjab (5.684 Million cost) with the location in Davis Road, Lahore. During the last four years from its commencement, it has built a rich and modern collection containing more than four thousands books, twenty one journals, etc. to meet the information needs of agricultural scientists/professionals. The information Center is playing a proactive role in enhancing the professional growth, skills, and knowledge of agricultural scientists of Punjab.
The mission of Directorate of Agricultural Information Library/Documentation Center is the delivery of ideal assistance to its users and stakeholders in support of institution's goals.
21-Sir Agha Khan III Road, Lahore.


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Moholy-Nagy. Future Present
27 May — 7 Sep 2016 at the Guggenheim Museum in New York, United States
László Moholy-Nagy A 19, 1927 Oil on canvas, 80 x 95.5 cm Hattula Moholy-Nagy, Ann Arbor, MI © 2015 Hattula Moholy-Nagy/VG Bild-Kunst, Bonn/Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York
From May 27 to September 7, 2016, the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum will present the first comprehensive retrospective in nearly fifty years of the work of pioneering artist and educator László Moholy-Nagy (1895–1946). Organized by the Solomon R. Guggenheim Foundation, the Art Institute of Chicago, and the Los Angeles County Museum of Art, Moholy-Nagy: Future Present examines the full career of the utopian modernist who believed in the power of art and technology as a vehicle for social transformation and the betterment of humanity. Despite Moholy-Nagy's prominence and the visibility of his work during his lifetime, few exhibitions have conveyed his experimental engagement, enthusiasm for industrial materials, and his radical innovations with movement and light. This long overdue presentation, which encompasses his multidisciplinary methodology, brings together more than 300 works drawn from public and private collections across Europe and the United States, some of which have never before been shown publicly in this country.
Each of the three organizing institutions has a history of collecting and presenting the artist's works or a relationship to the interaction of art and technology, culminating in a comprehensive exhibition, innovative conservation efforts, and a scholarly exhibition catalogue examining Moholy-Nagy's practice and influence. After its debut presentation in New York, the exhibition will be on view in Chicago from October 2, 2016–January 3, 2017, and in Los Angeles from February 12–June 18, 2017.
Moholy-Nagy: Future Present provides an opportunity to examine the full career of this influential Bauhaus teacher, founder of Chicago's Institute of Design, and versatile artist who paved the way for increasingly interdisciplinary and multimedia work and practice. Among his radical innovations were experimenting with cameraless photography; using industrial materials in painting and sculpture; researching with light, transparency, and movement; working at the forefront of abstraction; and moving fluidly between the fine and applied arts. The exhibition features collages, drawings, ephemera, films, paintings, photograms, photographs, photomontages, and sculptures, underscoring a legacy of cross-disciplinary experimentation and a remarkable ability to work across mediums. As part of the exhibition, a contemporary fabrication of a space originally conceived by Moholy-Nagy in 1930, Room of the Present, will be on display at all three venues, for the first time in the United States. The space, which was not realized in Moholy-Nagy's lifetime, contains aspects of the artist's exhibition and product design, including a replica of his iconic kinetic Light Prop for an Electric Stage (1929–30). Room of the Present illustrates the artist's belief in the power of images and his approach to the various means with which to view them—a highly relevant paradigm in today's constantly shifting and evolving technological world.
Born in 1895 in Austria-Hungary (now southern Hungary), Moholy-Nagy moved to Vienna briefly and then to Berlin in 1920, where he encountered Dada artists, Russian Constructivists, and Galerie Der Sturm, where he exhibited work on several occasions. After teaching at the Bauhaus in Weimar and then Dessau in the 1920s, producing books and painting extensively across mediums, he enjoyed success in Berlin as a commercial artist, exhibition and stage designer, and typographer. Adolf Hitler's rise to power made life increasingly difficult for the avant-garde in Germany; thus in 1934 Moholy-Nagy moved with his family to the Netherlands and then to London. Once he moved to Chicago in 1937, he never returned to Europe. In the United States, he focused on opening a school of design and made some of his most original and experimental work. He gave his full attention to American exhibition venues, showing nearly three dozen times across the United States—including in four solo shows—before his premature death from leukemia in November 1946. His interdisciplinary and investigative approach, migrating from the school to the museum or gallery space, pushed towards what he referred to as the Gesamtwerk, the total work for which he searched throughout his life.
Moholy-Nagy: Future Present is organized by the Solomon R. Guggenheim Foundation, the Art Institute of Chicago, and the Los Angeles County Museum of Art. Karole P. B. Vail, Associate Curator, is the Guggenheim's organizing curator for the exhibition.
The New York presentation of Moholy-Nagy: Future Present is made possible by Lavazza. Funding is generously provided by the David Berg Foundation, The Hilla von Rebay Foundation, the William Talbott Hillman Foundation, and the Robert Lehman Foundation. The Leadership Committee for the exhibition, chaired by Peter and Dede Lawson-Johnston, is gratefully acknowledged for its support, with special thanks to Achim Moeller. Additional funding is also provided by the National Endowment for the Arts.
An internationally renowned art museum and one of the most significant architectural icons of the 20th century, the Guggenheim Museum in New York is at once a vital cultural center, an educational institution, and the heart of an international network of museums.
László Moholy-Nagy B‐10 Space Modulator, 1942 Oil and incised lines on Plexiglas , 42.9 x 29.2 x 6 cm Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, New York, Solomon R. Guggenheim Founding Collection 47.1063 © 2015 Hattula Moholy-Nagy/VG Bild-Kunst, Bonn/Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York.
László Moholy-Nagy Untitled, 1926 Photogram (gelatin silver print), 23.8 x 17.8 cm Los Angeles County Museum of Art, Ralph M. Parsons Fund © 2015 Hattula Moholy-Nagy/VG Bild-Kunst, Bonn/Artists Rights Soci- ety (ARS), New York Photo: courtesy Museum Associates/LACMA
László Moholy-Nagy CH BEATA I, 1939 Oil and graphite on canvas, 118.9 x 119.8 cm Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, New York, Solomon R. Guggenheim Founding Collection 48.1128 © 2015 Hattula Moholy-Nagy/VG Bild-Kunst, Bonn/Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York
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Jennifer JL Jones. Takes A Walk on the Wild Side
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The Neighbourhood Planning process has been developed as part of the Localism Act and does have real statutory power.
The planning framework is currently set by Cornwall Council, through consultation across the county. The neighbourhood plan will be a reference document for this planning framework, and represent exactly what we want as a community. For further reading please visit www.locality.org.uk which provides an insightful overview for community led organisations, including neighbourhood planning. Locality's "quick guide to neighbourhood planning" is a great summary of the process.
The overall Neighbourhood Planning process will cumulate in a referendum which invites everybody of voting age within the parish, to answer a simple yes or no question, such as- "Do you want the PZNP to form the decision making document for all future planning applications?" With a simple majority, the community's ideas become the planning framework for the Parish.
Recent Neighbourhood Plans that have been adopted in Cornwall include "St Eval", "Quethiock" and "Roseland".
The Plan covers the entire Penzance Parish area and will therefore need to reflect the aspirations and concerns of each distinct area, be that Penzance, Newlyn, Mousehole, Paul, Heamoor or Gulval. The aim of the PZNP is to ensure that each community area is engaged with.
To see where your home sits within the Penzance stakeholder zones, and comments from members of your community on what they like, don't like, and would like to change about where they live, visit the 'have your say' area of our site.
The Neighbourhood Plan will have real statutory power, and there are processes that must be followed, evidence gathered, and consultation undertaken to inform the policies that will make up the overall plan. Members of the Neighbourhood Planning Board have been on the road visiting each Stakeholder Zone to discuss what affects you in your area. Through this consultation we are developing objectives, and policy options for the draft neighbourhood plan.
The PZNP was launched in February 2015, with an initial consultation phase lasting approximately 10 weeks. We spent four weeks in a pop up shop in Penzance and took our exhibition and proposals out on roadshows including Newlyn, Paul, Mousehole, Gulval and Heamoor. Over the period we estimate that over 3,000 people engaged with the consultation. This first round consultation focused on economic regeneration but also asked people what other issues were important to them. This included: Transport & Getting About; Town and Village Centres; Housing; Open Spaces; Sport & Leisure; Health & Wellbeing; Employment & Skills; and Tourism & Visitors. The results of this initial consultation are available in the "What You Said" section of this website.
Having completed our initial consultation, we sent the results of this Survey via a letterbox drop to all households in the Parish in December 2015. Alongside these results we included a survey addressing housing & facility needs throughout the parish – another key issue to be addressed in the emerging Neighbourhood Plan. The results of this survey are also available in the "What You Said" section of this website.
Last year we held a Penzance EXPO in St John's Hall to showcase the Neighbourhood Plan's range of economic regeneration proposals and update on their progress. This was attended by more than 1,000 local people and the response was generally very positive.
Since then the Penzance Regeneration Partnership, which includes the Neighbourhood Plan, Town Council, Cornwall Council, Penzance BID, Tourism Association, Chamber of Commerce and Penwith College, has been working to build on public support for these proposals, maintain the momentum and help to create a new and positive future for Penzance. This has included drafting policies to support the development of the key projects.
Following the success of last month's Neighbourhood Plan EXPO, we are holding drop in sessions and public meetings around the parish over the next few weeks to give more people the chance to look at the draft objectives and policies for the Plan, consider how they would affect their area and to add their own views.
Feedback from those sessions and from the Neighbourhood Plan questionnaires will form the basis of how the Plan details are developed. This community feedback is all important: it's how the plan moves from broad aims to the detail which, in turn, is essential to making sure that each of the communities across the parish is properly represented.
Sessions are currently planned for the Centre in Newlyn between 3pm and 7pm on 13th and 15th November; Tesco at Eastern Green between 3pm and 6pm on 16th November; at the British Legion in Heamoor between 3pm and 6.30pm on 22nd and 23rd November and at the Solomon Browne Hall in Mousehole between 3.30pm and 7pm on 27th November.
Further sessions and meetings will be organised for the town and wherever else there is demand! Details will be published on the Neighbourhood Plan Facebook Page www.facebook.com/pznpl, the website www.pznp.co.uk and in the local media, as well as posted in the town and individual local communities.
Whether you attend a drop in or not, please complete a questionnaire. They're available on the website and Facebook Page and we'll be arranging for them to be available in hard copy at the drop ins and in some key public places around the parish.
Once completed the Plan will be formally submitted to Cornwall Council for consideration, with a local referendum process then carried out by Cornwall Council's elections team at the beginning of 2019.