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Patent application title: Method and device for ascertaining a position of a camshaft and a phase of an internal combustion engine
Inventors: Paul Stuckert (Waiblingen, DE) Ralf Drescher (Korntal-Muenchingen, DE)
Assignees: Robert Bosch GMBH
IPC8 Class: AG01B2122FI
USPC Class: 7311427
Class name: Internal combustion engine or related engine system or engine component relative rotational position with cylinder phase identification
A device for ascertaining a camshaft position and a phase of an internal-combustion engine having multiple cylinders, including a first position sensor wheel having multiple teeth on its circumference and rotatably and fixedly connected to an engine camshaft; a first position sensor for detecting a tooth flank position of the first wheel; a transmission connecting the camshaft to a crankshaft; a second position sensor wheel having at least one tooth on its circumference and being connected to the transmission so that it is synchronously driven with the camshaft, and a second position sensor for detecting a tooth flank position of the second wheel. For ascertaining a camshaft position and a phase of an engine with this device, a camshaft position is assigned to a position of a tooth flank of the first wheel and a phase of the engine is assigned to a tooth flank position of the second wheel.
1. A device for ascertaining a position of a camshaft and a phase of an internal combustion engine, comprising: a first position sensor wheel, which has multiple teeth on its circumference and is connected in a rotatably fixed manner to a camshaft of the internal combustion engine including multiple cylinders; a first position sensor to detect a position of a tooth flank of the first position sensor wheel; a transmission, which connects the camshaft to a crankshaft of the internal combustion engine; a second position sensor wheel, which has at least one tooth on its circumference, and which is connected to the transmission so that it is driven in synchronization with the camshaft; and a second position sensor to detect a position of a tooth flank of the second position sensor wheel.
2. The device of claim 1, wherein the first position sensor wheel has more teeth on its circumference than the second position sensor wheel.
3. The device of claim 1, wherein the first position sensor wheel has on its circumference a number of teeth which is larger by at least one or smaller by at least one than the number of cylinders of the internal combustion engine operated by the camshaft assigned to the first position sensor wheel.
4. The device of claim 1, wherein the second position sensor wheel is not adjustable with respect to the crankshaft.
5. The device of claim 1, wherein the internal combustion engine includes a crankshaft sensor wheel.
6. A method for ascertaining a position of a camshaft and a phase of an internal combustion engine, the method comprising: assigning a camshaft position to a position of a tooth flank of a first position sensor wheel; and assigning a phase of the internal combustion engine to a position of a tooth flank of a second position sensor wheel; wherein the first position sensor wheel and the second position sensor wheel are in a device for ascertaining the position of the camshaft and the phase of an internal combustion engine, including: the first position sensor wheel, which has multiple teeth on its circumference and is connected in a rotatably fixed manner to a camshaft of the internal combustion engine including multiple cylinders; a first position sensor to detect a position of a tooth flank of the first position sensor wheel; a transmission, which connects the camshaft to a crankshaft of the internal combustion engine; the second position sensor wheel, which has at least one tooth on its circumference, and which is connected to the transmission so that it is driven in synchronization with the camshaft; and a second position sensor to detect a position of a tooth flank of the second position sensor wheel.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein one phase of the internal combustion engine is assigned to a pattern of the tooth flanks of the second position sensor wheel.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the tooth flanks of the second position sensor wheel are distributed so that each pattern formed therefrom is assignable to one phase of the internal combustion engine within an angle of rotation of 90.degree..
9. The method of claim 6, wherein one position of the crankshaft is ascertained from the signal of the second position sensor during emergency operation of the internal combustion engine.
10. A computer readable medium having a computer program, which is executable by a processor, comprising: a program code arrangement having program code for ascertaining a position of a camshaft and a phase of an internal combustion engine, by performing the following: assigning a camshaft position to a position of a tooth flank of a first position sensor wheel; and assigning a phase of the internal combustion engine to a position of a tooth flank of a second position sensor wheel; wherein the first position sensor wheel and the second position sensor wheel are in a device for ascertaining the position of the camshaft and the phase of an internal combustion engine, including: the first position sensor wheel, which has multiple teeth on its circumference and is connected in a rotatably fixed manner to a camshaft of the internal combustion engine including multiple cylinders; a first position sensor to detect a position of a tooth flank of the first position sensor wheel; a transmission, which connects the camshaft to a crankshaft of the internal combustion engine; the second position sensor wheel, which has at least one tooth on its circumference, and which is connected to the transmission so that it is driven in synchronization with the camshaft; and a second position sensor to detect a position of a tooth flank of the second position sensor wheel.
11. The computer readable medium of claim 10, wherein the first position sensor wheel has more teeth on its circumference than the second position sensor wheel.
12. The computer readable medium of claim 10, wherein the first position sensor wheel has on its circumference a number of teeth which is larger by at least one or smaller by at least one than the number of cylinders of the internal combustion engine operated by the camshaft assigned to the first position sensor wheel.
13. The computer readable medium of claim 10, wherein the second position sensor wheel is not adjustable with respect to the crankshaft.
14. The computer readable medium of claim 10, wherein the internal combustion engine includes a crankshaft sensor wheel.
RELATED APPLICATION INFORMATION
[0001] The present application claims priority to and the benefit of German patent application no. 10 2013 214 303.6, which was filed in Germany on Jul. 22, 2013, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.
[0002] The present invention relates to a device for ascertaining a position of a camshaft and a phase of an internal combustion engine. In addition, it also relates to a method for ascertaining a position of a camshaft and a phase of an internal combustion engine with the aid of the device according to the present invention. The present invention also relates to a computer program, which executes all steps of the method according to the present invention when the computer program is running on an arithmetic unit. Finally, the present invention relates to a computer program product having program code, which is stored on a machine-readable carrier for carrying out the method when the program is executed on a computer or a control unit.
[0003] Internal combustion engines, in which the injection control is not mechanically linked to the engine position, also require a phase sensor in addition to the crankshaft angle sensor on the crankshaft, the phase sensor being in synchronization with the camshafts, with which it is possible to determine which of the cylinders next to reach top dead center (TDC) is in a power stroke at the moment. This is known as the synchronization function. To be able to carry out the synchronization function as rapidly as possible, these sensor wheels are configured as fast-start sensor wheels, i.e., as sensor wheels with which a unique position is recognizable after an angle of rotation of approximately 90 degrees (=180 degrees crankshaft). A fast-start capability of the internal combustion engine is ensured in this way. In the event of a failure of the crankshaft sensor, an emergency operation capability or an emergency operation functionality of the internal combustion engine is ensured, in that the crankshaft angle is made available via the camshaft signal. The camshaft signal must therefore be analyzable exclusively on the basis of the time stamp of the camshaft flanks and must ideally have one tooth flank per cylinder of the internal combustion engine, each being the same distance from top dead center (TDC) of the cylinder. In internal combustion engines having camshaft adjustment, the prevailing positions of the camshafts are additionally ascertained by comparing the position of the equidistant tooth flanks on the camshaft sensor wheels, in relation to the crankshaft. This is known as ascertaining the camshaft adjustment position.
[0004] In today's camshaft position sensor wheels, these four functions are implemented in a single sensor wheel configuration with corresponding compromises. In fast-start sensor wheels for diesel engines and gasoline engines, at most four equidistant tooth flanks per camshaft revolution are available for ascertaining the camshaft adjustment position. During emergency operation, only these four flanks are utilized with conventional systems since the use of additional active tooth flanks would bring a disproportionate increase in system complexity in comparison with the benefits. In 4-cylinder engines, one item of camshaft position information is thus available per cylinder. However, camshaft position information is not evenly distributed in engines having 3, 6 or 8 cylinders, which entails an increased tolerance in the accuracy of the calculated camshaft position and thus in the filling of the cylinder and in the exhaust gases of the internal combustion engine during both normal operation and emergency operation. So-called Z+1 camshaft position sensor wheels utilize one active tooth flank per cylinder of the internal combustion engine and one additional active tooth flank for ascertaining the phase information of the internal combustion engine. These sensor wheels represent the optimized emergency operation capability but are not suitable for a fast start. They offer only one item of position information per cylinder in the distribution of the camshaft adjustment position information.
[0005] The device according to the present invention for ascertaining a position of a camshaft and a phase of an internal combustion engine, in particular an internal combustion engine, which includes a crankshaft sensor wheel, itself includes a first position sensor wheel having multiple teeth on its circumference. This device is connected in a rotatably fixed manner to a camshaft on an internal combustion engine having multiple cylinders. In addition, it has a first position sensor, which is configured for detecting a position of a tooth flank of the first position sensor wheel. A transmission connects the camshaft to a crankshaft of the internal combustion engine. A second position sensor wheel has on its circumference at least one tooth and is connected to the transmission in such a way that it is driven in synchronization with the camshaft. A second position sensor is configured for detecting a position on a tooth flank of the second position sensor wheel.
[0006] In the device according to the present invention, the first position sensor wheel supplies the position of the camshaft for regulating the position of the camshaft. It has a number of teeth, which may be on its circumference, this number being at least 1 greater than or at least 1 smaller than the number of the cylinders of the internal combustion engine operated by the camshaft assigned to the first position sensor wheel. This may be in particular an n*Z+1 or an n*Z-1 camshaft position sensor wheel, where n corresponds to the maximum number of desired active tooth flanks of the camshaft sensor wheel per cylinder, and Z corresponds to the number of cylinders operated by the respective camshaft. However, this may also be a camshaft position sensor wheel whose geometry is otherwise optimized for detection of the camshaft adjustment position.
[0007] In the device according to the present invention, the second position sensor wheel may be used to determine the phases of the internal combustion engine for synchronization of its camshafts and ensures the emergency operation capability and fast-start capability of the internal combustion engine. It need not be adjustable with respect to the crankshaft, so that these functions may definitely be represented as more robust than those with a sensor wheel mounted on the camshaft and influenced by the adjustment of the camshaft position. However, the second position sensor wheel is not a crankshaft sensor wheel of the internal combustion engine. A good fast-start capability may be achieved by the fact that a definite camshaft position is recognizable on the second position sensor wheel due to a unique configuration of its tooth flanks after essentially a 90° angle of rotation (=180° crankshaft).
[0008] A camshaft position is assigned to a position on a tooth flank of the first position sensor wheel in the method according to the present invention for ascertaining a position of a camshaft and a phase of an internal combustion engine with the aid of the device according to the present invention, and a phase of the internal combustion engine is assigned to a position of a tooth flank of the second position sensor wheel. A phase of the internal combustion engine may be also assigned to a pattern of the tooth flanks of the second position sensor wheel. To achieve a good fast-start capability of the internal combustion engine, the tooth flanks of the second position sensor wheel may be distributed in such a way that each pattern formed therefrom may be assigned to a phase of the internal combustion engine within an angle of rotation of 90°. The second position sensor wheel therefore does not have more active tooth flanks than a traditional fast-start camshaft position sensor wheel.
[0009] During emergency operation of the internal combustion engine, a position of the crankshaft of the internal combustion engine may advantageously be ascertained from the signal of the second position sensor, a higher reliability in particular being achievable here. If it is certain that the camshaft of the first position sensor wheel is in a reference position, then a position of the crankshaft of the internal combustion engine may advantageously be ascertained at a higher evaluation frequency from the signal of the first position sensor during emergency operation of the internal combustion engine.
[0010] The computer program according to the present invention executes all steps of the method according to the present invention when it is run on an arithmetic unit or a control unit. To permit implementation of the method according to the present invention in an existing control unit without having to make any structural changes in it, the computer program product according to the present invention is provided with program code which is stored on a machine-readable carrier and is used to carry out the method according to the present invention when the program is executed on a computer or a control unit.
[0011] One exemplary embodiment of the present invention is schematically represented in the drawings and explained in greater detail in the following description.
[0012] FIG. 1 schematically shows a device for ascertaining a position of a camshaft and a phase of an internal combustion engine according to the related art.
[0013] FIG. 2 shows a fast-start sensor wheel, which is used in the device according to FIG. 1.
[0014] FIG. 3 shows a device for ascertaining a position of a camshaft and a phase of an internal combustion engine according to one specific embodiment of the present invention.
[0015] FIG. 1 shows a traditional device for ascertaining a position of a camshaft and a phase of an internal combustion engine. An internal combustion engine 1, configured as a V engine, includes a crankshaft 2, on which a crankshaft sensor wheel 21 is situated. This is configured as a 60-2 sensor wheel. A crankshaft angle sensor 22 detects the position of the tooth flanks of crankshaft sensor wheel 21 to determine the crankshaft angle. Internal combustion engine 1 has four camshafts 3, 4, 5, 6, which are connected by a chain drive or a belt drive as transmission 7 connected to crankshaft 2. Due to a transmission ratio of 2:1, each camshaft 3, 4, 5, 6 completes one revolution per two revolutions of crankshaft 2. Transmission 7 is guided via a deflection roller 8. A control unit 9 is connected to internal combustion engine 1. A camshaft position sensor wheel is situated on each camshaft 3, 4, 5, 6. This is described below on the basis of camshaft position sensor wheel 31 on one of camshafts 3. A position sensor 32 is configured for detecting the position of the tooth flanks of camshaft position sensor wheel 31. This is illustrated in FIG. 2. It has three teeth 311, 312, 313 on its circumference. Each tooth 311, 312, 313 has one tooth flank in the direction of rotation of camshaft position sensor wheel 31 and another tooth flank opposite the direction of rotation. In the case of tooth 311, these are tooth flanks 311a, 311b. Camshaft position sensor wheel 31 is used as a fast-start sensor wheel. For this purpose, all tooth flanks, whose position is read out by position sensor 32, are used as active flanks.
[0016] As illustrated in FIG. 3, a device for ascertaining a position of a camshaft and a phase of an internal combustion engine according to one specific embodiment of the present invention differs from the traditional device in that another position sensor wheel 81 is situated on deflection roller 8. It is connected to transmission 7 in such a way that it is driven in synchronization with camshafts 3, 4, 5, 6, via deflection roller 8. It is configured in the same form as camshaft position sensor wheel 31 of the traditional device. The position of its tooth flanks is detected with the aid of a position sensor 82. In the device according to the present invention, camshaft position sensor wheel 31 on one of camshafts 3 is replaced by an n*Z+1 position sensor wheel 31, where n corresponds to the maximum number of desired active flanks per cylinder, and Z corresponds to the number of cylinders operated by the respective camshaft. Nine active flanks of this position sensor wheel 31 are detected with the aid of a position sensor 32. This camshaft position sensor wheel 31 is used only for detecting the position of the camshaft in the device according to the present invention. The phase information and the assurance of fast-start and emergency operation capability of internal combustion engine 1 are ensured via additional position sensor wheel 81 on deflection roller 8. By using a fast-start-capable position sensor wheel 81 here, it is possible to ensure the fast-start capability of internal combustion engine 1, while at the same time achieving an increased accuracy of camshaft adjustment position regulation of internal combustion engine 1 due to an improved camshaft adjustment position detection, i.e., a higher sampling rate in comparison with the traditional device according to FIG. 1 with the aid of N*Z+1 position sensor wheel 31.
Patent applications by Paul Stuckert, Waiblingen DE
Patent applications by Robert Bosch GMBH
Patent applications in class With cylinder phase identification
Patent applications in all subclasses With cylinder phase identification
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High Tech's Carlos Hernandez Recognized at Regional Scholastic Art & Writing Award
January 31, 2018 January 31, 2018 High Tech High School, HTHS
(Montclair, NJ—January 30, 2018) High Tech junior and Graphic Arts student Carlos Hernandez of Jersey City has won two Gold Keys, one Silver Key, and received Honorable Mentions in the Regional Scholastic Art & Writing Awards, announced Dr. Joseph Giammarella, Principal of High Tech. High School.
The award ceremony takes place on February 15th at the Montclair Art Museum, which serves as regional affiliate for Bergen, Essex, Hudson, Hunterdon, Mercer, Middlesex, Monmouth, Morris, Passaic, Somerset, Sussex, Union, and Warren Counties.
Hernandez moves on to the National Scholastic competition, in which the top art and writing at the regional level vie for National Medals. National Medalists and their educators will be celebrated at the National Ceremony at New York's Carnegie Hall.
Hernandez's work joins other regional artwork on exhibit at Sheila C. Johnson Design Center at Parsons School of Design at The New School and Pratt Institute's Pratt Manhattan Gallery. Winners will be announced in March 2018.
Since 1923, the Scholastic Art & Writing Awards, the nation's longest-running and most prestigious recognition program for creative teens in grades 7–12, have recognized the vision, ingenuity, and talent of America's youth. Each year, increasing numbers of teenage artists and writers, filmmakers and photographers, poets and sculptors, video game artists and science fiction writers participate in the program.
This year, students submitted more than 330,000 works of visual art and writing to the Scholastic Awards, with 90,000 works recognized at the regional level and celebrated in local exhibitions and ceremonies.
"Lost" Recipient of Scholastic Golden Key
"Trapped In Plain Sight" Recipient of Scholastic Key
"The Other Cheek" Recipient of Scholastic Silver Key
"Extraordinary" and "Paradise" Received Honorable Mentions
High School Consumer Bowl Team Heads to Regional Championship
High Tech High D|Fab and Biomedical Academies Learn about Surgical Devices and Applications from Experts in the Field

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Home Forums > Community > Transformers Conventions and Get Togethers >
Best TF Convention? TFCon vs BotCon vs Auto Assembly
Discussion in 'Transformers Conventions and Get Togethers' started by primushatesyou, Jan 31, 2015.
primushatesyou, Jan 31, 2015
primushatesyou Crusadercon
lodorabo
I'd really love to know what you guys think is the best TF Convention! I've only been to one, BotCon 2014, so for people who have gone, what do you think is the best? Experiences? Which usually has more (and 'better') guests?
I believe both Tfcon and Auto Assembly have 3rd party panels, something botcon lacks, correct? What are other differences between them?
Hollywood Hoist, Jan 31, 2015
Hollywood Hoist Well-Known Member
Botcon has a Hasbro presence which I believe TFcon lacks and possibly Auto-Assembly. I've only been to Botcon so I can't say which is better, but I can say I've enjoyed myself every time I've gone to Botcon. From what I've heard about TFcon and AA, they are both very enjoyable as well. Each show will have it's pros and cons so it really comes down to which one is your friends at and what activities interest you the most.
Jacer, Jan 31, 2015
Jacer Find Kill Cleanse Moderator News Staff
Moving to Conventions and get togethers...
I've Only been to Botcon 2014. I really enjoyed it. I would like to attend the 3 before making a solid choice. TFCon is more fan oriented. People who do Botcon and TFCon say they prefer TFCon because its more directed to collectors and has a large third party presence.
The Swordsman, Feb 23, 2015
The Swordsman The REAL hero of Hyrule
I've only been to Auto Assembly, because it's UK based and I don't make enough money to afford a trip to America for BotCon or TFCon. Going to BotCon is on my bucket list though.
Auto Assembly is usually a really good convention, though I don't like their current venue (the Birmingham Hilton Metropole hotel) because it's in quite a remote location far out from the centre of Birmingham and their prices for food, Wi-Fi etc. are quite high. I remember when I first started going in 2011, the venue back then was in the middle of the city, a ten minute walk away from the train station, five minutes away from Subway so you didn't have to pay ridiculous prices for the hotel's food and twenty seconds away from an awesome comic shop. Those were the days.....
While Auto Assembly has no Hasbro presence, the special guests they get are usually awesome. Simon Furman, Nick Roche and James Roberts attend regularly, and in the years I've been going they've had David Kaye, Greg Berger, Michael Bell, Townsend Coleman, Neil Kaplan, Dan Gilvezan, Steve Blum, Peter Spellos and David Sobolov as guest voice actors, with Sumalee Montano and James Horan coming this year. It's also significantly smaller than BotCon or TFCon, so I imagine there's probably a greater sense of community and fellowship than there would be at a larger convention.
allew, Feb 23, 2015
allew Well-Known Member
The City by the Bay
al-lew
Having only been to the Pasadena Botcon's I can't comment on all three but from what I've read online TFCON has more of a third party presence with panels and upcoming reveals from most of the companies, along with exclusive 3rd party repaints.
Botcon being officially sanctioned has a great Hasbro showing of course with designers present and their panel is always a crowd pleaser. With so many exclusive convention toys (boxset, freebie, attendees, custom class) there's bound to be something to please any collector. I've also had a great time at their special events (party at Paramount studios in 09, ROTF preview in 2011, unlimited access to Universal Studios in 2014).
Sol Fury, Feb 23, 2015
Sol Fury The British Butcher Administrator News Staff
solfuryphotography
sol_fury
The three conventions all have their own good and bad points, really.
Botcon - it's the official one, it has official Hasbro backing so you get to see a lot of what is in the pipeline and you get official redecos / remolds of many characters as exclusives. A huge quantity of exclusives, in fact, though you may or may not consider this to be a good point - the QC is notably a bit bad in a few cases. The size means you'll meet plenty of people, but equally, it means it feels a bit less personal.
TFcon - the biggest fan-run convention, I've heard a lot of people call it what Botcon used to be like in the earlier days when the Hartmans were running the show. It's a much more fan-oriented experience, with a lot of the good that you see at Botcon, but it does lack the official backing, so no Hasbro panel any more (they used to have one years back) and also while they offer exclusives, they are third party figures rather than official Hasbro ones. That said, the exclusives tend to be very creative and are often new characters with their own unique backstories. Also, there is a pool with waterslides.
Auto Assembly is the smallest of the three, so it's the most intimate gathering. It's always worked out of one hall - so unlike Botcon and TFcon where there is a separate panel room, the panels take place at one end of the large hall, and the dealer area is at the other end. As the smallest, and being UK based, you get different dealers to Botcon - UK guys like All the Cool Stuff, Kapow, In Demand Toys and The Spacebridge all come out there. Probably the best nightlife of the shows, in my experience. Also they have a hottub. I've not partaken of it, but most of the UK crew who did Botcon 2011 did!
Of the three, I'd say TFcon is probably the best. But it really depends in what you want from a TF show.
Don't forget there's a wealth of smaller Transformers fan meets out there too - they're worth checking out too. Great way to meet fellow fans and make some new friends.


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FAMOUS PLACES IN INDIA
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Location Tamil Nadu Salem
Salem City Information
Salem is a city in Salem district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It is located about 160 kilometres (100 mi) northeast of Coimbatore, 186 kilometres (116 mi) southeast of Bangalore and about 340 kilometres (210 mi) southwest of the state capital, Chennai. Salem is the Fifth largest city in Tamil Nadu by population and covers 91.34 km2 (35.27 sq mi). The town and the surrounding hilly regions were part of the Chera dynasty and was part of the trade route with Roman empire. It was later governed by Poligars, who built temples and forts in and around the city. It was part of the Vijayanagara empire before being captured by Hyder Ali during the early 18th century, after the Mysore-Madurai war. It was ceded to the British in 1768 and the area became part of the struggle between Kongu Nadu led by Dheeran Chinnamalai and the British. Salem became part of Salem district since independence in 1947. Salem has a number of Hindu temples. The Kottai Mariamman Temple, dedicated to the goddess Mariamman, has an annual five-day festival during the Tamizh month of Aadi (mid-July to mid-August). The temple's gopuram is made up of seven tiers. Sugavaneshwarar Temple is dedicated to Shiva, and according to mythology the sage Sugha Brahmarishi worshiped here. Arunagirinadhar sang a song about Muruga in the temple, which was built during the 13th century by Mamannan Sundara Pandiyan. Kottai Perumal Temple, Skandhashram, Kothandaramar Temple and Sithar Koil are also in Salem. Oothumali Murugan Temple, Pandurangan Hill Temple, Kumaragiri Hill Murugan Temple and Kariperumal Karadu Hill Temple are in the hills in Salem. The International Society for Krishna Consciousness (ISKCON) has built a temple in Karuppur, near the city. Jama Masjid, on the southern bank of the Thirumanimutharu River in the heart of the city, is Salem's oldest mosque. It was reportedly built by the Mysore ruler Tippu Sulthan, who is said to have prayed here. The masjid inam granted to the mosque in 1862 was confirmed by the British with a special resolution in 1880. Christ Church is located on Fort Road and the church was consecrated in 1875. The other popular churches in and around the city includes Lechler Memorial Church, the oldest church in Salem, was built in 1856 by a German missionary in Fort Salem. Infant Jesus Church near Four Roads, the Calvary Assembly of God Church on the Bangalore highway in Mamangam and Reformed Baptist Church in the Yercaud foothills are other churches in the city. Salem's traditional shopping areas are in the Town area, with major retailers in Bazaar Street, Car Street, First Agraharam and Chinna Kadai Street. Shevapet and the Fort area are noted for hardware and furniture, and Leigh Bazaar in Shevapet is the main wholesale market. Reliance Shopping Mall, the city's largest shopping complex is situated near Five Roads.[56] Kurumbapatti Zoological Park and Anna Park are government-run parks. Paravasa Ulagam and Dream Land are amusement parks in the city. Salem has six arterial roads: Omalur Road, Cherry Road, Saradha College Road, Junction Main Road, Gugai Main Road and Attur Road. Three National Highways originate in or pass through: NH 44 (Srinagar – Kanyakumari), NH 544 (Salem – Kochi via Erode and Coimbatore) and NH 79 (Salem – Ulundurpet). Salem is the headquarters of the Salem division of TNSTC. The city has two major bus stations: the MGR Integrated Bus Terminus in Meyyanoor and the Town Bus Station (Old Bus Stand) in the town area. Intercity and interstate routes and private buses originate at the Central Bus Stand, and local buses originate at the Old Bus Stand. The Anna Flyover is the oldest in the city, and the Trumpet Interchange was built in the realignment of NH 544 to ease traffic towards Coimbatore. Salem Junction is located in Suramangalam, 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) west of the city. In 2005, the Railway Board approved the creation of a Salem railway division from Palakkad and Tiruchirapalli divisions. It is the fourth-largest of the six Southern Railway zone divisions. Salem Airport (IATA SXV, ICAO VOSM) is located on the Salem-Bangalore Highway (NH 7) in Kaamalapuram about 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) from the city. Airports Authority of India (AAI) opened the airport in 1993 for commercial operations. Kingfisher Airlines flew from Chennai but ended its service in October 2011[59][60]due to low occupancy. The nearest major airports are Tiruchirappalli (152 km) and Coimbatore (159 km).
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Students in grades 1 through 5 from Huber Street embarked upon a shared journey full of hard work, determination and the opportunity to make memories and friendships that last a lifetime. This journey is the Scripps National Spelling Bee!
The Scripps National Spelling Bee, is one of the nation's oldest and most iconic competitions, and this year marks the 91st year! The purpose of the SCRIPPS National Spelling Bee is not only to help students improve their spelling, but also to increase their vocabularies, improve writing skills, public speaking and poise, and develop correct English usage that will help them throughout their lives.
Approximately 170 dedicated students in grades 1 through 5 from Huber Street School in Secaucus, New Jersey have become a part of this unique experience by preparing for the event.
The preparation included the study of 450 words and definitions. The words ranged from first through eighth grade. Additionally, students studied another 1,150 words derived from Latin, Arabic, French, German, Dutch, Old English, Japanese, Greek, Italian, Spanish, Asian, Slavic and New World Languages within the 2019 Merriam Webster Spell It Booklet.
Our preliminary spelling bees were held on Thursday, January 3, 2019 and Friday, January 4, 2019.
Our Spelling Bee Champion from Huber Street School, Simran Bhatla, will continue her journey by competing on Saturday, February 23, 2019 at The Hudson County Spelling Bee. This county-wide event will be held at the Arthur Couch Performing Arts Center in Secaucus, New Jersey. In the event of inclement weather, the bee will be held on March 2, 2019.


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You Need To Be Fit To Be Ill In Costa Rica
Posted on February 21, 2019 by Helen Devries
I had set the alarm for four in the morning….Leo had an appointment at San Juan de Dios, the main hospital in San Jose, at six and we needed to be off betimes in order to avoid the traffic jams which render the road to the capital impassable for hours in the morning rush.
I had been optimistic. Long before the alarm went off I had been roused from a deep sleep by something heavy and hairy breathing into my ear while sharp claws raked my head.
Sophie wished to go out and I had forgotten to leave the door open.
The door opened and Sophie released, followed by the other dogs who were now feeling the need to pee after being so rudely awakened I thought there was no point in disturbing Leo by going back to bed so washed and dressed, boiled eggs for the baby chicks' breakfast and enjoyed a peaceful half hour with a book and a cup of tea. The alarm went off as planned and Leo was ready to roll by the time that Danilo arrived to feed the livestock by torchlight before setting off.
We were lucky with the traffic. The buses were picking up the workers with an early start as we headed for the capital and although we were half an hour early arriving, the streets on the approaches to San Jose were already becoming crowded with cars and commuter buses, their exhaust fumes knocking out the scent of the flowering trees which line those routes.
We had agreed with Danilo that he would drop us at the main doors…the nearest entrance to the department we wanted…and he would then go to a car park from which we could summon him once Leo was released. We rehearsed using his mobile 'phone and all seemed well. We were organised.
I pushed Leo's wheelchair into the Preferencial line…eye pads, plaster casts, crutches and wheelchairs…on one side of the entrance, while the mere walking wounded waited in line on the other side. The Preferencial are admitted five minutes earlier than the others to give them an advantage in the Gadarene rush to secure the chairs in the waiting areas before the late comers arrive.
The first roadside fruit seller arrived, paying off the porter who brought his load down from the market, and was soon doing a trade with his offer of eight mandarin oranges for aproximately a quid. Looking up through the branches of the roadside trees, the moon, which we had seen the morning before like a golden orb sinking over the hills into the sea, floated in the dark sky, silvering the clouds she wore as shawls about her chilly shoulders. For Costa Rica it was chilly at ground level too, and many in the queue wore those Peruvian hats with ear flaps making them look somewhat hieritic as they stood immobile in the half light.
The doors were opened and the Preferencial launched their asault. Through the general waiting area under its glass roof and off into the corridors which link the old buildings and gardens of its foundation with the various monstrosities of clinical blocks added over the years.
The department we sought was on the right as we we entered….but it was closed and a noltice announced that it had been temporarily transferred to the pharmacy building.
Fine, except that the pharmacy building was outside the hospital grounds, two blocks away, and Leo was in a wheelchair.
Others were similarly affected, but after a swift discussion it was agreed that the best thing to do was to head off down the low ceilinged corridor that led to the original part of the hospital, turn left past the laundry and out through the gates at the rear of the complex which gave onto a park used by Nicaraguan rough sleepers, then along the road to the next block
It was a spectacle worthy of treatment by Bunuel.
The halt and the lame, with wheelchairs and a flourish of crutches, surged through the hospital and out of the back gates…where we found Danilo. The car park had not yet opened and he had prevailed upon the security guard to let him park opposite the entrance to await our arrival. Just as well…the high speed hirpling through the hospital had exhausted me so Danilo was a godsend as the horde encountered the pavement which had not been repaired since the time it was built and invaded the cycle path alongside…yet another bright idea of the San Jose council to tick the boxes of eco virtue signalling while doing sweet Fanny Adams about the basics.
At the junction traffic stopped to allow us to pass…more from bewilderment than from obedience to traffic lights…and the horde moved on to the pharmacy building…an oversized garage on two levels with offices on its periphery.
Needless to say, our department was on the upper level….accessed by a ramp which needed oxygen, crampons and ice picks to assault. Those on crutches held onto the wheelchairs, rather in the manner of the infantry clinging to the stirrups of the Scots Greys at Waterloo while the helpers doubled up to push them up to the top where all concerned stopped to draw air into their lungs….and grab the seats.
The health service in Costa Rica has more ways than one of making you fit….
Posted in Costa Rica, costa rican heath service, UncategorizedTagged disabled access, fitness, hospitals
Published by Helen Devries
I'm at home with myself...je suis bien dans ma peau...but foreign everywhere else. View all posts by Helen Devries
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35 thoughts on "You Need To Be Fit To Be Ill In Costa Rica"
The Persecution of Mildred Dunlap February 21, 201910:09 pm Reply
Modern day health care! Your patience is commendable.
Helen Devries February 21, 201910:11 pm Reply
Takes me back to the British National Health Service when I was a child….not for nothing did the Costa Rican service take that for a model….
Friko February 21, 201910:56 pm Reply
You must be fit indeed if you managed to get Leo safely delivered to the relevant dept. even if you had an able helper in Danilo for part of the journey. Gosh, I remember the effort required in getting my J. from one building to the next and I only had smooth underground connecting corridors to negotiate. NHS Hospital wheelchairs are not known for easy operating. A bit like supermarket shopping trolleys actually.
I didn't know chicks are carnivores? Why not though. But cooked eggs? Now there's service.
Bbay chicks thrive on finely chopped boiled eggs. Leo is busy raising broods which have odd feathers,,,all up on end like a hedgehog's spines, but ruffled. They are totally useless for meat but they look gorgeous.
San Juan de Dios is a nightmare of different levels, not to speak of the various holes in the internal roads…at least Leo had the wheelchair…the poor devils hirpling along on crutches had the worst of it.
Currently awaiting an op for cataracts and another to correct a badly set ankle…..the work of a French hospital some years ago….the latter did not appreciate the unexpected detour at all!
Next time he can take his electric wheelchair!
Joanne Noragon February 22, 201912:13 am Reply
I think it inexcusable. I've had a lot of experience since I broke a femur last July. I was in a wheel chair, or had access to one, until maybe three months ago. Then I had to assess every situation for myself. Coming into a building in winter, shoes wet. Assessing the transition from walk off mat to tile floor. Allowing myself an extra half hour or more for some doctor appointments because of the distance in miles of the corridors to their office. It's probably the same the world around! The chickens sound lovely. As in beautiful.
Helen Devries February 22, 201912:23 am Reply
The chickens are exactly that…beautiful. They give Leo a lot of pleasure.
Generally we don't have to queue..but this time, as the appointment as for 6.00 am and we arrived early, we did.
As always, it is the convenience of the administrators which counts…never mind the medical and nursing staff or the patients!
The Wife of Bath February 22, 201912:08 pm Reply
In general is easy to access places (grocery store, movie house, whatever) in a wheelchair in Costa Rica?
Helen Devries February 22, 20191:42 pm Reply
It depends where you are. In our little town the council have made up the pavements and there are ramps at crossings…..in the big malls there is no problem, nor in the touristy areas of San Jose, but when we go to the central market crossing the roads can be a real pain, except that there are always plenty of gentlemen to give help…holding my husband up while the wheelchair is manoevred into the road on one side to be received by another group of gentlemen on the other. Costa Ricans are so very kind in general…
Alan February 22, 201912:23 pm Reply
What we have here must be the envy of the world because by-and-large it works and works well. Even the private sector has an element of control and in these days when municipalities are flogging vegetables at half price on the orders of the 'Chief' to undercut the 'veggie racketeers' no one wants to get on the wrong side of the supreme being!
The system here is good….in our experience better than France by far. Extremely thorough, good on follow up and good communication between the various specialisms. His local doctor reckons that the only specialisms Leo hasn't had looking at him are gynaecology and the morgue.
Leo had one experience of the private sector here….based on American practice and a total rip off.
Unfortunately the government here is all on the side of price racketeers….
bitaboutbritain February 22, 201912:37 pm Reply
Your beautifully written and amusingly graphic account either disguises what must have been 'a bit of a struggle', or demonstrates more patience (or patients) than many would consider reasonable. But, when in Rome etc… All the best to both of you – regards, Mike.
It was a bit of a shock! Had the department mustered an army of porters to assist it would have been appreciated, as I said to the intern on duty when we finally arrived. He just said 'You would not believe the paperwork to sort that out…by the time it was done the building works would have been finished and we'd all be back again…'
Normally we don't queue, but we were half an hour early for the first appointments of the day so the hospital was closed to all except emergencies.
It had its funny side, though, once I regained enough breath to appreciate it….the sight if all those wheelchairs, crutches and casts bursting out of the hospital and along the road had something decidedly surreal about it…a cross between Bunuel and a Giles cartoon!
tynecastle February 22, 201912:58 pm Reply
I need to go to the local hospital now as I am left in stitches reading this.
The image of wheelchairs and crutch users massing about on the main roads is a good one. No wonder the traffic stopped. I hope many wore bandages and gave the impression a movie was being filmed.
There again I know footballers who do less training than you do, I hope you thank Leo for that….:)
Do you reckon a football club would pay Leo a transfer fee for me?
It was a unique experience…may it remain so…..and once Danilo took over the wheelchair I was detached enough to appreciate the lunacy of it all.
I bet you won't have so much fun at your hospital…
tynecastle February 25, 20199:06 pm Reply
I find the idea of a football club spending vast amounts to bring Leo to their club somewhat unlikely.
Football clubs are not run like normal businesses and he would soon end up running the whole show!
They would not like that…
No, I think you are right…they would not appreciate his management style……a cross between Atilla the Hun and Stalin..or so I've been told….
Sarah February 22, 20195:34 pm Reply
It may not have been funny to live it, but it was hilarious to read. I could JUST imagine the scene.
I hope you are both doing well despite the shenanigans..
Once we were outside and Danilo took over the wheelchair I could become detached and realised just how surreal it all was! I don't think the people at the bus stop outside the hospital gates could believe their eyes…let alone the drivers at the road junction.
Leo has picked up a bit, luckily, as he has been in a very poor way for quite a time. Have to push him up more cliff faces…or Danilo will…
nick February 23, 201912:43 pm Reply
So why was the designated department closed I wonder? Was there a bona fide explanation or was it just another bureaucratic attempt to put the rabble in their place and cause them maximum inconvenience? I would like to assume the first, but there again….
An alarm clock can't compete with an uncomfortable dog who demands relief!
Building works!
Parts of the hospital just don't meet modern standards…but the works department tend to leap in without much warning…and perish the thought that the patients could be alerted!
Yes…I've yet, luckily, to encounter an alarm clock that simultaneously suffocates you while attempting to scalp you…
Lesley February 23, 20191:28 pm Reply
Good Gracious! I think we are hard done by when the GP is 1 hour 20 minutes behind in his RDVs.
I am attempting to get a Blue Badge from the French system for parking perks. Not all that hopeful, we shall see. Very best to Leo and you.
Leo tried for the blue badge…..apparently you had to be 80% handicapped to qualify which made me think that the benchmark must have been Superman, to judge by the agility of some of the badgeholders we had seen loading their cars at Leclerc.
At the examination he had letters from his G.P. and his specialist with test results regarding the extent of his paralysis which were pushed aside as being of no importance. The female doctor asked him what he could and could not do…he said he still enjoyed gardening, though no longer able to dig or do things like potting up which was greeted with a snort and then followed the examination for which she wanted him to remove his trousers, though she could easily have tested the reflexes by rolling up the legs. Needless to say he was not wearing underpants which called down a torrent of shock, horror and ,much leaping about.
He didn't get his badge…so whatever you do, do not admit to gardening and wear a pair of knickers.
I shallfollow this advice.
What the leaflets do not tell you….
Tails Around the Ranch February 23, 20196:36 pm Reply
Sheesh, and I thought healthcare in America was challenging. Hope you, Leo and Danilo are doing well after that adventure!
Next time we'll harness up the thugs to pull the chair….though there's no telling where it might end up with them in charge!
A Costa Rican Iditarod. I love it!
I have a horrible feeling that they would too….
Tails Around the Ranch February 23, 20196:59 pm
Now that team would be a sight to behold!
Helen Devries February 23, 20197:03 pm
Not being versed in mushing, do I harness the two big dogs closest to the wheelchair, as with carriage driving or do I put them up front and give the others roller skates?
Depends on how fast you want to travel? 😊
lifeincharente February 25, 20191:09 pm Reply
As always you leave me with visions that make me smile despite the hardships that you go through. Danillo always seems to be in the right place thought to give you a helping hand.
Having just read a blog on one of my Canadian followers about a birding trip to Costa Rica, I would so love to visit but do not think it will ever happen. Have a good week Diane
The birdlife is fantastic and there is now a project to promote birding as part of its tourist programme.
We could not cope here without Danilo….Leo cannot drive any more due to paralysis and i cannot drive due to my poor eyesight. We used to use the buses, but now that Leo is in a wheelchair that is more complicated…buses can take wheelchairs but it means waiting about which Leo cannot take any more.
I was jolly glad to see Danilo at the backgates of the hospital….my ankle did not appreciate the strain of pushing the wheelchair through the buildings as it was…the trek along the road and the fearsome ramp would have put the tin hat on it!
Cotton Boll Conspiracy February 26, 20195:22 pm Reply
It's obvious Nietzsche never visited Central America. Sounds like in your neck of the woods that which doesn't kill you will leave you maimed, halt or generally far the worse for wear.
I think it helps to be, in the words of Para Handy, 'chust wan of Brutain's hardy sons'…or in my case, daughters.
Should you wish to make the acquaintance of that ancient mariner, here is the link.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Para_Handy
Rabbie Burns
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Mute Force: Why #NativeTwitter Couldn't Stop Talking About Baby Yoda
In Which Eric Gansworth Possibly Spoils The Mandalorian
By Eric Gansworth
Note: This reflection originated in a February, 2020 panel discussion, just before the world began its most recent seismic shifts. It seems impossible that The Mandalorian and Baby Yoda were trending topics. Maybe they never were, universally, instead thriving in my indige-nerd alley of pop culture. It also seems impossible that large family gatherings, for now, are over. My great great niece's birthday was the weekend before this panel. The unexpected funeral of a cousin I'd grown up with occurred two days after. These would be the last large family gatherings I'd attend for the foreseeable future.
I find social media a powerful but fraught force, and I don't have skills to render my concerns in 140 characters or even 280. It should be good practice for a poet. During this country's most complex race relations in my lifetime, I can't help but consider my grandparents' Indian Boarding School experience. It was designed to erase their identities, and I deeply appreciate everything they did to ensure our continuance. People talk about the boarding schools as if they existed in a long past history. My grandmother lived until I was 19 years old, long enough for me to know about her experiences and later understand their impact on my family's ongoing generations. This is personal reflection, not ancient history.
I understand social media benefits, but prefer life as an "Anti-Social Media" guy. Goofing on cultural violations, I imagine making some absurd Twitter pronouncement like "I hate babies" and suddenly be screen-capped out-of-existence, renamed "I Hate Babies" Gansworth. It's better to keep preposterous provocations in the live ether, where their ridiculous tone is obvious, than cloud-documented out of context, like undetonated landmines. Raised at Tuscarora Nation, "the Rez," a tight community of a thousand people, I am a social person. My immediate family, siblings, their kids, and their kids, is maybe 70 people. Cousins put us over 300. Literally, everyone knows everyone. There's no such thing as a small family gathering. Gathering is what we do.
Indigenous peoples here belong to hundreds of nations, cultures, finding each other in our one shared connection: genocide. The federal government's attempt to strike us down in the 20th century, to destroy our cultures, only made us more powerful than it could possibly imagine. Indian children were removed from homes, sent to boarding schools, had their names changed, were told their beliefs were witchcraft, were forced to speak only English and trained to be manual laborers, serving others. Still, three of my grandparents found each other and found their way home, survivors, so we could carry on.
From them, we learned to use available tools to reconnect. Several generations later, my family prefers social media. Even members who hate technology have Twitter accounts and they share. Because traditional Indian arts rely on the supply and demand of in-person sales, our forms often include fresh subjects. Nephews send me links to Pacific Northwest superheroes and Star Wars, dubbed into Dine (Navajo). If Tuscarora or Onondaga did this, I'd be all over the effort. I've memorized an inappropriate percentage of Star Wars dialogue, and I spoke Tuscarora decently as a kid. The infrastructure is there in my head. I have a kid's love for Star Wars, less embarrassed than a lot of middle-aged men. I've owned a beaded Batman belt-buckle for over half my life. The adult half.
How could we not understand this story of a baby stripped of its name, discovering its own tenacity, talents and unexpected allies as a version of our own stories?
Star Wars is a lens Indians have readily adopted. I love the weird visual pun of a white Rez Dog rocking an orange Stormtrooper pauldron. I also understand the brilliance of the Dine language dub. We recently lost our last Tuscarora continuous fluent speaker, in his nineties. Younger people long studied with him, but now that door is closed. We understand Princess Leia seeking Obi-Wan Kenobi. Her Only Hope was an elder's endurance. Now that ours is gone, our language fragments float in space like Alderaan, destroyed by the Empire's weapon, the oo-nih-SEH`rheh Gih-heh. Is it too late to reassemble and master those fragments? If someone started scrolling through my phone pics, could I tell them in Tuscarora that it's not the droid they're looking for? Could we laugh?
I love that Twitter doesn't require an account. Lurking, I stumbled upon #NativeTwitter. Like many Rez gatherings, it has undercurrents of just deadly grousing and gossip, sick burns and sometimes out and out raw belligerence and trolling people who should know better. But as often, it's an auger for indigenous sweet spots. I've regularly seen beginning beadwork artists ask for and receive help. It gives me hope, but not enough to create an account. I know my limitations, or some of them, anyway.
I'm not impervious to "cute." I don't hate babies—you know, they're babies—but I am profoundly indifferent to them in ways that baffle new parents. They always think: "Maybe the next pic will change his heart," and they're always disappointed. Now, if you have a cat, I'll seek it immediately, but it's always a hard pass on "hold the baby" invitations. I like cats' independence and survival spirit. Those qualities speak to me. And yet, I found myself inexplicably enamored with The Mandalorian's "Baby Yoda."
The first meme I saw had Baby Yoda playing A Tribe Called Red's "Electric Pow Wow Drum" on the Mandalorian's cockpit radio. The Disney Empire shut down early memes, but since most of America thinks we're extinct, Indigenous Peoples (and our Twitter feeds) are often invisible. Unchecked, Baby Yoda memes exploded on #NativeTwitter, in and on beadwork, in and on cradleboards, in baskets, in paintings. Indian artists constantly transform pop culture, but the response to Baby Yoda was immediate and, well, Forceful.
When I finally watched The Mandalorian, I understood Indian Country's adoption. So far, Baby Yoda has been removed from its culture of purported sorcerers. Appearing mute, maybe it just doesn't speak its captors' language. The Mandalorian takes it from one captor, and delivers it for bounty, to another "Client," the way some boarding school students became school agents. In a moment of conscience, Mando rescues Baby Yoda, changing both of their lives.
Along the way, they find an ally from Alderaan, whose world was wiped out by the Empire. It's revealed that Mandalorians are a culture instead of a race, and that this Mandalorian was himself separated from family by force as a child. He discovers, finally, that he isn't the child's savior when it, several times, silently saves him. By the end, they become a clan of two. Even beyond the story's scope, Disney wants to insist this character is namelessly branded "The Child," refusing to use "Baby Yoda," or any other name.
How many of our ancestors dreamed of such resourceful allies? How many found one? How could we not understand this story of a baby stripped of its name, discovering its own tenacity, talents and unexpected allies as a version of our own stories?
I admit, Baby Yoda acts like an actual baby, and I still love it. But Baby Yoda is pretty cat-like, too, in that its stealthy. Maybe adopting these bridges are the keys to survival.
Maybe this is the way.
Note on "The Child" image above: One of the most notorious support strategies done to promote the effectiveness of Carlisle was a series of Before and After images taken by a portrait photographer kept on retainer. He would photograph charges, as they'd arrived, in their traditional clothes and then, a year or two later, photograph them again, "civilized," in their Carlisle uniforms. The photos would be displayed side by side, as proof of success. For this Baby Yoda contribution, I gave the left one traditional Haudenosaunee clothes. The one on the right is dressed in the outfit my grandfather's brother was photographed in, during his time at Carlisle.
#NativeTwitterBaby YodaEric GansworthIndian CountryIndigenousThe Mandalorian
Eric Gansworth
Eric Gansworth, Sˑha-weñ na-saeˀ, (Eel Clan) is an enrolled Onondaga writer and visual artist, raised at the Tuscarora Nation. Lowery Writer-in-Residence at Canisius College, his books include Extra Indians (American Book Award), Mending Skins(PEN Oakland Award), and Apple (Skin to the Core), Longlisted for the National Book Award, and included in Time Magazine's 10 Best YA and Children's Books for 2020, and NPR's Book Concierge. Portrait by Dellas.
Six Book Critics Walk Into a Zoom to Talk About Autofiction
Lit Hub Daily: December 14, 2020
Six book critics walked into a Zoom happy hour to discuss "autofiction." All had read a recent essay by the novelist Tope...


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Tiffany Haddish Says She'll Never Reveal #WhoBitBeyoncé Because She Signed an NDA
In what is hopefully the end to this ridiculous (but yes, entertaining) saga, Tiffany Haddish has revealed she won't — or more accurately, can't — reveal who bit Beyoncé because she signed an NDA.
"NDAs are real, so I'm not saying s— about nothing," the Girls Trip star said during an Instagram Live Session on Wednesday (March 28), according to Entertainment Weekly.
Much to her followers' chagrin, Haddish seemed to be ready to spill the tea just minutes before.
"You wanna know who bit Beyoncé? I'm gonna just tell you all. And it's the last time I'm talking about it, I ain't going to say nothing else about it," she said on Instagram. "I'm going to tell you who did it then I'm never talking about it again because really it's done. People should be focusing on the real issues at hand, like did you do your taxes? Because taxes is due real soon. Can your children read and write? Have you been working with them on their reading and their writing? Is your house clean? That's what we need to be focusing on."
Alas, it was all for naught, and it seems increasingly possible that the world will never know which actress bit Beyoncé during she and Haddish's bizarre first meeting.
Several outlets have floated their own theories about the culprit's identity — key among them Saana Lathan and Sara Foster, both of whom have denied any involvement — and Chrissy Teigen claims to know who it is, but she's keeping her lips sealed, too.
"It's not who I thought, I will say," Teigen previously shared on the Today show. "The problem is I love everybody involved so I'm like zip. You know I share everything. It's you guys! It's so hard."
As for the rest of us, we'll just have to wait for American Crime Story: Who Bit Beyoncé?
Chrissy Teigen's Best Twitter Moments
Source: Tiffany Haddish Says She'll Never Reveal #WhoBitBeyoncé Because She Signed an NDA
Filed Under: beyonce


"The Perfect Art of Doing Nothing" -W.I.S.E. Project 2016 – Dancing in the rain!
Our minds are similar to our google search history. They carry our past, our present and our future. It's a stuggle to be mindful and learn to live in the present with 3000 browsers open at once. In learning to be more mindful I need to take myself out of my comfort zone and this past weekend I had an experience that was very unique to me and I believe I used all of my January W.I.S.E. principles; Wonder, Imagination, Smile and Energize.
When I first booked my appointment at Floatique I was looking to energize and I thought it would also be a great tool to help in my quest to be more mindful. 90 minutes in a Float Pod doesn't allow you the opportunity to do much else so I thought it would be an amazing way to live in the moment.
As the appointment drew closer I found all sorts of ways to stress myself out. Would I be bored for 90 minutes? Would I be claustrophobic? Would I be able to shut my mind off and relax?
The morning of I felt quite excited and the quiet, calming atmosphere of Floatique helped me to clear my mind. The wait area is neat, tidy and uncluttered. I had a few quiet moments with my thoughts and I picked up John C. Lilly's book The Deep Self-Consciousness Exploration in the isolation tank. The book was written over 20 years ago by Lilly, a great scientist, possibly a generation ahead of his time. Drawing on the personal testimony of many who tried floating the evidence shows how, by eliminating the presence of shifting physical input patterns, the tank allows participants to dive deep into their subconscious and focus immediately on their inner perceptions.
There is a help button inside the pod and a button to control the lights, you can float in complete darkness or in ambient light. Immediately upon entering the pod I was impressed by it's spaciousness and after getting a feel for it I turned off the light to get the full experience. The weightlessness, silence and the darkness made me feel like I was in the middle of the ocean instead of in a tank. Floatation Tanks (or sensory deprivation tanks) contain over a 1000 pounds of Epsom salts dissolved in ten inches of water. Needless to say, you are extremely buoyant.
My mind played ping pong for a bit. I was torn between being extremely relaxed to making a grocery list and recounting the fight I had earlier that morning with my 16 year old daughter. I scolded myself because what I really wanted to experience was a "mind~body~soul" connection, not a repeat of everyday only in a float tank. It's a hard task to shut your mind off and live in the moment. I am sure with enough training you can treat it like a switch but I am definitely not there yet!
I started repeating "mind~body~soul" over and over, quietly in my head. In doing so I was able to focus on just that and my body began to move to the invisible rhythm. I was able to stretch out completely in the float tank with my arms above my head and just lay there weightlessly and move fluidly. My friend had mentioned wishing that they had had a pillow as it was hard on her neck. Floatique does provide a small noodle for this reason but it is one hundred percent unnecessary. The strain you put on your neck is self induced. You are completely buoyant, all you need to do is trust and relax. If you are unable to do that immediately I would fold your arms behind your head to give you a sense of security.
My first advice is to come with an open mind. This was a fabulous experience for me and I am going to have a hard time putting it into words without sounding like a raving lunatic. You must understand that that we are all unique and therefore our experiences will be as well. Water is a mystical element that can revamp our lives if we are willing to open our hearts and mind to its gifts.
Being alone with my thoughts and feelings was really freeing and eventually my awareness of my senses was altered as well. As with any environment, my senses began to adjust; I was able to focus on the sounds and feelings my body makes, including the soft swoosh of the water as I moved. After a couple minutes the silent "mind~body~soul" became automatic as did the way my body moved to the rhythm.
My movements evolved from small and languidly to larger but effortless flow. It sounds almost silly to say but I became one with the water, or the water became one with me. Because of the buoyancy of the water it was hard to determine what was water and what was air. I imagined myself in the middle of the ocean without a care in the world.
The pod was silent, yet there seemed to be very faint music, I think it was only the rhythm I created with "mind~body~soul" and it led my body in what seemed to be a water dance, a soft, fluent sway.
I can recall my movements becoming more energetic and I was smiling from ear to ear. I felt euphoric and I had no sense of time. I wanted to flip over and swim further into the abyss. I am pretty sure I thought I was a mermaid. I felt like a mermaid. The Epsom salt leaves your body feeling silky smooth. It can actually be quite a sensual experience, with nothing between your satiny skin and the luxurious water.
Because the water is the same temperature as your body after awhile you don't feel it. It's like peeling away the layers of your mind. The first time you may only peel away the first layer but I think if you free yourself you can get to the centre and experience complete and total relaxation. Letting go is a hard thing, but so worth it. What are we saying goodbye to but exhausting stress, anxiety and fear?
I have purchased the monthly float package which gives you a float a month for $59, additional 90 minute floats are $55. You can share the package with another person as well.
If you're ready to go on a meaningful journey to relaxation and wellness I would recommend giving Floating a try!
In Edmonton you can contact Floatique Rest Centre HERE or check listings in your city for Floatation Therapy.
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1.For RGB LED lamp dimming and color changing.
2.Sensitive touchable key + IR remote control.
3.20 changing modes, several loop play.
4.User DIY + R/G/B dimming.
5.Mix connect with constant current/constant voltage LED sync amplifier.
New style DMX512 decoder, compatible with universal DMX512/1990 protocol, 30KHz,no flickery, no noise, with built-in color changing modes over 20, can mix different colors manually.
LED triac dimmer with RF remoter, can be used with PUSH DIM switch and RF wireless remoter for Dimming, one single channel output, suitable for LED dimmable lamps such as Ikea dimmable bulb, traditional incandescent and halogen bulbs.
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2. Controllable with the international standard DMX512 protocol.
3. Optional with constant current/constant voltage/single channel/multiple channel models.
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5. Workable with our DMX signal splitter/amplifier.
1. Conform to the international standard DMX protocol.
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1. Use to control the LED lamps with IC chip.
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1. Simple and fashlonable design,easy to control.
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4. T-PWM dimming technology.4096 gray scale.
1. 1024 grey scale levels for each channel of RGB, full color fading with smooth, softand flicker free effect.
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5. 4 zones optional,suitable for DMX512 lamps.


The institute, boasting powerful professional technology in traffic engineering. has business covering facilities newly built or in operation.Those facilities are safety facility, monitoring facility,communication facility and toll facility for expressway;traffic safety facility, signal facility and tunnel monitoring for general roads;management of accident black spot, planning, design and consultation of traffic organization under construction;relevant work about research and report composition like prediction and assessment of road safety, special article about safety and rate-limiting argument. We led the composition like Installation and Guide of Expressway Connecting and Road Connection Sign in Fujian,Fujian Road Anti-dazzling Facility Height Installation Technology Requisition, Design Guide of Fujian Tourism Traffic Sign, Installtion and Guide of Fujian Expressway Tunnel Sign and Marking, Installation and Guide of Fujian Expressway Tunnel Monitoring Facility. We took part in the composition of Installation and Guide of Fujian Expressway Sign and Marking.


RIDEMAKERZ® is a car-customizing experience where kids, ages 4 to 104, build 1:18 scale cars and trucks. Chooze from bodies including Ford Mustang, Chevy Corvettes and Camaros, Dodge Viper, trucks, hot rods and more. Customize with interchangeable accessories. Cruize Freewheel or add Radio-control! Ridez start at $15.
Extended hours 3/1 - 12/31. Check website for store hours.
Upgrade to radio-control and a battery pack to fulfill your need for speed.
At no extra charge, you and at least 5 friends can have your next celebration at RIDEMAKERZ. Rev up your next party at RIDEMAKERZ.
Look for your favorite RIDE in the collection of 1:18 scale cars & trucks including Ford Mustang, Chevy Corvette, Dodge Viper, and more.


The Ferrari 312 PB was based on the 1969 Ferrari 312 P that was powered by a 3-litre V12 engine and raced in the international manufacturers' championships for the sports car class. Ferrari produced eleven of the extremely sucessful 312 PBs between 1971 and 1973. The Ferrai PB weighedaround 1,300 pounds, used a flat 12-cylinder 3-litre engine that generated 450-horsepower, and had a top speed approaching 200 mph. In 1974 Ferrari left sports car racing to focus on Formula 1 and did not return to sports car racing until 1993 when they entered the IMSA series with the Ferrari 333SP. The 1/25 scale Mebetoys Gran Champions series first appeared in 1973 in the 1973 Mebetoys catalog. They continued to extended the Mebetoys line beyond the 1/43 scale. The Ferrari PB was one of the first 1/25-scale Mebetoys Gran Champions models.


When it comes to finding the right personalized christening gift nothing is better than our Baptism Bracelet with Personalized Name. This special Baptism bracelet features the special child's name written in stamped square beads. This bracelet also features blue Swarovski crystals, freshwater pearls, and sterling silver beads. And to make this personalized baby gift even more special, you can select to include a cross or heart charm on the bracelet. If you are looking for a baby bracelet for a boy, this is the perfect choice!


Small parts to choking. Not for children.
China mainland. Littlove. Miniatuur wc. Mini electronic scale balance. Skt161. Sts2017091541. Handkar vouwen. Aap potje. 1:300. 0-12 months,13-24 months,2-4 years,5-7 years,> 6 years old,> 8 years old,> 3 years old,< 3 years old,> 14 years old. The simulation cleaner play toys. Environmental friendly plastic. 7*7*7 cm. Plasticine color number: Diy dollhouse furniture. Speel huizen tafel. Y--206-16.
Girl, boy. Wholesale meubels cottage. Hanging form: Games & speelgoed. Vormgegoten,magenetisch,mini,trek,educatief,model,diy. Doll house. > 8 years old,> 3 years old,> 6 years old. Pink furniture. Sw3027. Money-box: Stacking cups baby.


text:
HeadlinesJanuary 23, 2020
Titulares en español
Democrats Accuse Trump of Trying to "Cheat" Upcoming Election
In the first day of oral arguments in the historic impeachment trial of President Trump, Democratic lawmakers accused the president of abusing his power to cheat an election. The Senate trial comes a month after the House impeached Trump for withholding congressionally approved military aid to Ukraine as part of an effort to pressure the Ukrainian president to investigate Trump's political rival, Democratic presidential candidate Joe Biden. This is Democratic Congressmember Adam Schiff, the lead impeachment manager.
Rep. Adam Schiff: "If President Trump is not held to account, we send the message to future presidents, future congresses and generations of Americans that the personal interests of the president can fairly take precedent over those of the nation. The domestic effects of this descent from democracy will be a weakened trust in the integrity of our elections and the rule of law and a steady decline of the spread of democratic values throughout the world."
While the impeachment trial was taking place in the Senate, President Trump was across the Atlantic at the World Economic Forum in Davos, where he dismissed the impeachment trial as a hoax and bragged about how the White House has withheld documents and other information from Democratic lawmakers.
President Donald Trump: "We're doing very well. I got to watch enough. I thought our team did a very good job. But honestly, we have all the material; they don't have the material."
Supreme Court Decides Not to Fast-Track Obamacare Case
The Supreme Court has decided not to take up a high-stakes legal challenge to Obamacare at this time. On Tuesday, the court said it would not take a fast-tracked decision on the case challenging the constitutionality of the Affordable Care Act. Tuesday's decision still leaves open the possibility the court will take up the case at a later date, but it won't happen before the election.
D.C. Sues Trump's Inaugural Committee over $1M Rental of Trump Hotel Ballroom
The District of Columbia is suing President Trump's inaugural committee over its decision to spend $1 million to rent event space at Trump's own hotel in Washington. District of Columbia Attorney General Karl Racine says the cost was far above market value and aimed at enriching the president's family during Trump's inauguration. The ballroom they rented, they hardly used.
ICJ Orders Burma to Protect Rohingya from Genocide
The International Court of Justice at The Hague has ordered Burma to protect Rohingya Muslims from genocide. The significant ruling comes after the Burmese military killed and raped thousands of Rohingya and forced more than 700,000 to flee into neighboring Bangladesh in a brutal army crackdown in 2017. The court's decision is a sharp rebuke to Burma's de facto leader Aung San Suu Kyi, a Nobel Prize winner who last month personally traveled to The Hague to ask the court to drop the genocide case.
Trump Says He's Planning to Add More Countries to Travel Ban
President Trump says he's planning to add more countries to his highly controversial travel ban, which already prohibits citizens of Iran, Syria, Yemen, Libya, Somalia, North Korea and Venezuela from entering the United States. Trump is reportedly considering adding travel restrictions for citizens of Nigeria, Sudan, Tanzania, Eritrea, Myanmar, Kyrgyzstan and Belarus. Details are expected to be announced Monday.
State Department to Make It More Difficult for Pregnant Women to Receive Visas
This comes as the State Department separately says it's planning to issue new rules that could make it more difficult for pregnant women to receive visas to visit the United States, in what the Trump administration claims is a crackdown on so-called birth tourism.
Trump Says He May Cut Medicare, Social Security
Trump also said Wednesday that he may cut Medicare, Social Security and other social safety net benefits. During his 2016 presidential campaign, Trump vowed to oppose any cuts to Social Security and Medicare.
Trump Plans to Speak at Anti-Choice March for Life Friday
Trump also announced Wednesday that he plans to attend and speak at Friday's anti-abortion March for Life in Washington, D.C. No president has ever attended the anti-abortion march in its 47-year history. Trump's move comes only days after the anti-abortion political action group Susan B. Anthony List said it would spend over $50 million to support Trump and other Republican candidates.
Chinese Authorities Seal Off City of Wudan as Coronavirus Spreads
In China, authorities have sealed off the city of Wudan, the epicenter of the new coronavirus outbreak that has killed at least 17 people and sickened more than 500. The virus has also spread to Taiwan, Japan, Thailand, South Korea and the United States. The World Health Organization called the lockdown of the city of 11 million people unprecedented. Two smaller Chinese cities, Huanggang and Ezhou, have also imposed travel restrictions. The World Health Organization is weighing whether to declare a global public health emergency. This is Dr. Anthony Fauci, the director of the U.S. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases.
Dr. Anthony Fauci: "The risk to the United States for this to be a big problem or even a problem at all is very low. That doesn't mean we should not take it seriously. We are taking it very seriously. All the various agencies that are involved in the federal government response is taking this very seriously. But the message to the general public is that this is something that you should not be worrying about at night that this is going to be some sort of serious issue for you."
Tulsi Gabbard Sues Clinton for Defamation
Democratic presidential candidate Tulsi Gabbard has sued former Secretary of State Hillary Clinton for defamation, after Clinton suggested the Hawaii congressmember was a Russian asset in an interview last year. Congressmember Gabbard said she's filing the $50 million defamation lawsuit because Clinton's comments harmed her presidential campaign.
U.N.: Climate-Fueled Droughts in Central America Driving Migration
In Central America, the World Food Programme says that crop failures driven by climate-fueled drought are driving forced migration from Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras and Nicaragua. The World Food Programme says at least 1.4 million people need urgent food assistance, as extreme weather led to a poor harvest for the fifth straight year in Central America. In an internal report, CBP — that's the U.S. Customs and Border Protection agency — also acknowledged that crop shortages in Guatemala were an overwhelming factor behind the forced migration that has driven Guatemalans to seek asylum in the United States.
Mexican Feminist & Activist Isabel Cabanillas de la Torre Killed in Juárez
In Mexico, 26-year-old artist, activist and feminist Isabel Cabanillas de la Torre has been assassinated in the border city of Juárez. She was an outspoken advocate for women's rights and a member of the feminist collective Daughters of Maquila Worker Mothers. Fellow activists are demanding justice for her murder and an end to the femicides and disappearances of women that have plagued Juárez since it became a center of cheap manufacturing for American companies under the 1994 North American Free Trade Agreement, or NAFTA.
American Journalist Philip Jacobson Faces 5 Years in Prison in Indonesia
In Indonesia, American journalist Philip Jacobson is facing up to five years in prison after being detained on Borneo Island and accused of carrying out journalistic activities that were not covered by his business visa. Jacobson is an award-winning journalist with the news outlet Mongabay. He has reported on deforestation in Borneo and has examined Indonesian President Joko Widodo's record on environmental issues.
U.N. Experts Accuse Saudi Crown Prince of Hacking Jeff Bezos's Phone
United Nations experts are accusing Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman of personally hacking Jeff Bezos's cellphone in 2018 in order to influence or silence The Washington Post's coverage of Saudi Arabia. Bezos is the owner of The Washington Post. At the time of the hack, the newspaper was reporting critically on the assassination of its columnist, Jamal Khashoggi, whose murder has been linked to the crown prince. This is the U.N. special rapporteur on extrajudicial killings, Agnès Callamard.
Agnès Callamard: "The story places, yet again, the crown prince of Saudi Arabia at the heart of a campaign that resulted into the killing of Jamal Khashoggi. And as you may recall, my investigation into the killing of Jamal Khashoggi stopped short of determining the nature and the extent of the role of the crown prince. I suggested that there were several options, from him ordering the killing to him engaging in some form of criminal negligence by failing to protect Mr. Khashoggi."
Study: Tap Water in 43 U.S. Cities Contaminated with PFAS Chemicals
A new study shows the tap water in 43 cities across the United States is contaminated with toxic chemicals known as PFAS, which have been linked to cancer and lowered fertility. The cities include Miami, New Orleans, Philadelphia, Washington, D.C., and Chicago. The new study comes as the Supreme Court has cleared the way for residents of Flint, Michigan, to sue city and state officials over the lead contamination crisis in the drinking water there.
Trump Admin to Remove Environmental Protections for Waterways
In more news on water contamination, the Trump administration is expected to finalize a rule today to remove environmental protections for more than half the nation's wetlands and hundreds of thousands of small waterways across the United States. The removal of the protections will now allow people to dump pesticides, fertilizers and other pollutants directly into streams. It will also allow developers to destroy wetlands for construction projects.
San Francisco District Attorney's Office Ends Cash Bail
In San Francisco, newly sworn-in District Attorney Chesa Boudin has ended cash bail, saying his office will no longer ask for cash as a condition for people's pretrial release. Boudin and many others have long criticized cash bail as disproportionately punishing defendants who are poor and people of color. The San Francisco District Attorney's Office says cash bail has also been applied unfairly, with African-American defendants paying an average of 12 times more per year for pretrial release compared to white defendants.


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