Simply furnished and featuring a mix of honest materials, handpicked and custommade design and vintage pieces – all in the colours of nature. The apartment of Danish stylist and art director Lene Ostenfeldt is base for both living and working.
The wooden floor squeaks, the walls has a freestyle leaning and you can glimpse the pattern from the old wallpaper under the recently painted walls. One could well imagine that when you work professionally with art direction, interiorstyling and design and constantly know whats going on, the private base might be heaven when it comes to the latest furnituredesign. But this is not the fact for art director and stylist Lene Ostenfeldt who invites us into her combined private home and workstudio in the city Holbaek in Denmark, just an small hour away from tha capital Copenhagen.
The apartments architecture is with big, open rooms and windows facing both the busy street and the quiet backyard of the four-apartment brick-building. The 167 square meters is decorated with one-off things, new design and selected furniture that has a sentimental value for Lene Ostenfeldt. She knows how to pull the decorative elements in the house forward and create a saturated atmosphere completely bypass the standard solutions.
"My home is my base, a grounded fusion of uncomplicated design and humble materials – it has trough many years transformed itself from being a styled setting to the backdrop where I express my creativity with areas for living, dining and working. This is where I live, play, work, think and hang out ".
"I am often asked whether I live with my favorite designs – I do not. A home is for me where I can collect energy and retreat, a place that tell`s stories. It must be atmospheric and cozy. In my eyes is it the way you live that's makes a space for a home – it´s not expencive furniture and trending design and apppliances ".
"My home is made up of an eclectic mix of modern design which I have chosen and purchased, often by chance and put it together with heirlooms, one-offs and flea market bargains I have renovated or simply given a coat of paint. I have tried to get rid of the piano several times, but it must obviously not succeed and now I`m so happy with it, especially when my son Simon, who is a drummer, are at home in companion with pianists who really knows how to use the keyboard ".
" Personality is not something you can buy yourself into, it occurs when you choose what you like and do not let trends regime. If you are looking for creative and unpretentiously inspiration for your home, it's a good idea to book table on a restaurant, a bar or take a look at the new, smaller boutiquehotels' décor popping up around the world. "In the last 4-5 years is conceptual and massproduced hotel furnishings on retreat and replaced with hand-picked design, custommade furniture, vintage finds, soft fabrics and lots of colors – hotels are looking for creating an informal atmosphere where good company and food are in focus and make you feel that you are at someones home, " elaborates Lene Ostenfeldt," the most important interior-tip is that you try to accept and use the things you actually have, the throw-away culture is passed long time ago. That's life, be happy where you are and whats in front of you. This is also what a home is for me ".
An old watering can in zinc is growing space for fresh tarragon. Behind plant bags from french BacSac. The black vintage plant pot was originally in light marble, now it has black paint and through time a charming patina.
There is also beautifull and natural still lifes outdoor in the urban garden. Chives, parsley, red salad and bronze fennel grows in a huge plantbag from french BacSac. In order to provide air and prevent plants to rot at the bottom, Lene raised it from the terrace floor on a black painted euro pallet.
Out on the roof facing the courtyard is a wonderful oasis. " I collect energy out here, immerse myself in something potting soil or a book, enjoying the morningsun with a coffee and the stars at night," says Lene Ostenfeldt. The terrace is 15 square meters and filled with large and small mobile containers with different bamboo, hydrangeas, ferns, evergreen hosta, ivy, lots of herbs, a lilac, a pine and an apple tree. Lightchain from swedish Konstsmide creates atmosphere at dusk. Folding table and chairs from IKEA. The marble table is French vintage. Outdoor wicker couch and seaweed carpet are both from Bauhaus.
The barbecue in stainless aluminum is American and originally designed for soldiers in the field under the war. A tobacco plant climb on the brick wall, fig and lemon verbena in pots.
From the kitchen there is a view of Holbæk's old timbered houses. The kitchen table is actually a little low for dinning, but Lene likes the expression of it, there has been many good meals, present gatherings and cozy conversations here.
A bookshelf in dark wood is painted white and covered with Designers Guild wallpaper on the backplate. Here are kitchentools, an old kitchen scale, plates, jugs, dishes and bowls beautifully and ready-to-use on display. The stoneware, gold cutlery and small water carafes are from Christian Bitz, gold-thermo from Alfi, white teapot from Pillivuit, cast iron pot with wooden handles from Iittala. The bottle of RED-label Lene Ostenfeldt designed for a styling in a magazine.
The wall in the kitchen is painted with blackboard paint and used for sketches, recipes and quotes. The dining table is an old kitchen table in wood with drawers. The original linoleum tabletop is replaced by Lene with white ceramic tiles. On top of kitchenshelves a wire basket from Korbo.
Fishermens-pendant in metal and brass above the kitchentables, is cozy and practical work-light. School board used as a shopping checking-list. A large round metal tray is usefull to keep oils and spices on track. Wall clock from IKEA, danish Margrethe Bowl in stainless steel from Rosti, book NOPI of chef Yotam Ottolenghi`s – who Lene is a big fan of. She enjoy and has a great interest in experimental cooking, goodies from all over the world is often incorporated, like this chili-honey from New York.
A large golden framed mirror makes the hall visual longer and highlights the propertys beautiful, original floor planks. The walls are painted in flat lightgray from Flügger, the color end about 40 cm from the ceiling, it makes the room visual lower and more intimate. The welcomming atmosphere is emphasized by incandescent lamps with brass socket and textile cable from designcompany Raumgestalt Nicolaj. The door barely visible in the mirror, is a walk-in wardrobe and keeps the hall tidy from coats, shoes, bags and suitcases.
Every wall in the large workspace and studio is painted unconventional. The dark gray color, which is repeated in the bay window in the living room, ends in the middle of the wall and acts as a panel and highlight the original wooden floors and the white woodwork around windows and doors. Worklamp is Luxo designed in 1937, Lene Ostenfeldt bought the pendant over the table for 5 pounds at a local recycling shop. It was sanded, painted with glossy spray and had a new wire. Atelier stool in wood is from Lene`s dad who was an artist in his spare time, the black stool is from a wood-shop and has been painted black. Height-adjustable table is oversized, 2 meters long made-to-measure at a company selling office equipment.
The combination of dark gray and white is elegant and highlightet with pillow and blanket in the same shade. The fabric is recycling; Lene has made it of velvet, the previously curtains in the living room. Table lamp from IKEA.
In the workspace operates a steel bookcase from the construction market as storage. On top, a collection of vases from danish designcompanies Holmegaard, Lyngby Porcelain, Royal Copenhagen and Broste Copenhagen, a discreet and powerful still life. Small drawer in teak is vintage and a heirloom. Gray metal cabinet from IKEA.
The large living room is divided into a dining and a socializing area. The chair front is Lene's father's old office chair that has a new upholstered seat in coffee brown leather.
On the piano a tableau of candlesticks and vases in ceramic, porcelain, wood and marble. Hand-painted roses are Lene`s sketches for a new project. Photography by Lene, shot in Istanbul Istanbul. Table lamp in mouthblown opal glass is Claudia from DAB.
The bay windows and panels defines the dining area and is elegant highlighted in deep dark gray tints for wood, Flügger S7000-N, define the dining area. The space under the bench act bookcase. The dining table in solid oak with thick glass, Lene Ostenfeldt designed it and had it produced in a workshop for people with special needs. The chairs are a mixture of Kartell, designed by Piero Lissoni and heirlooms. The industrial chair was found in a container.
Woman is photographed on a trip to Nepal by Lene Ostenfeldt and enlarged. Nesting tables in teak are heirlooms, the white table lamp called Spun Light was designed by Sebastian Wrong and from italian Flos. Ceramic on floor is an unique vintage piece from danish Bing & Grøndal.
Behind the double glass doors is the workspace. Above the table pendant by Kartell.
The portrait is a working man from the pottery town Thimi, photographed by Lene Ostenfeldt on a trip to Nepal. The lamp, a retro-discovery, she has painted it orange to match the photograph. The lampshade is from KS Lampshades are made to order and upholstered with fine velvet from Designers Guild. On the heater porcelain polarbear from Royal Copenhagen.
Color in the livingroom is dark green Flügger S7020-B70G and with a matte finish. It both highlights and gives edge to the brown, black, gray and white colors in the room. The sofa is from Ilva with pillows Lene has stiched in fabrics from Designers Guild and Ralph Lauren. The brown leather chair is Chesterfield. The painting is one of Lene's own. The display cabinet is an heirloom, it is reported that it has been going on a "secret medical clinic" in southern Jutland in Denmark, Lene`s childhood. An old linen-closet is painted white with new glass doors. The floor lamp named Slim Sophie from German Frau Maier, spot is Parentesi by Flos, design Achille Castiglioni.
Floorlamp is Ipnos form Flos, design Nicoletta Rossi and Guido Bianchi.
The display cabinet is an exhibition of curiosities. Every detail represent a personal memory from a person, an experience or a trip. A pine cone from a holiday in italy, a cigar box filled with buttons, a wooden boat Lene's son has built when he was a boy with a small hammer of a drumstick, a stone found a special day at the beach, a 100 year old bonbonierre Lene got sweets as a child at his grandmother, building block of wood from LEGO`s very first production. The back wall of the cabinet is painted light gray, the same color as in the hall.
A creative mind is always working. Lene brings always her drafting and notebooks on travels and trips. She relax with the sketchbook. A notebook is used for writing and drawing cooking-trick and delicious food eaten around the world and with friends and family. Book How To Make A Nation is from Monocle. Watercolor is an outline design for print.
The bedroom faces south and the roof terrace, is simply furnished. Bedspread and cushion Lene stitched in bold velvet from Designers Guild. The color is called Cassia Hazel. The chair is original Thonet, found at a flea market for 4 pound. The floorlamp is Gatto from Flos, designed by Achille and Pier Giacomo Castiglioni. Photography is the Galata Bridge in Istanbul, taken by Lene Ostenfeldt. In the ceiling, Lene made a pendant of a gigantic lampshade found at a sale.
The apartment overlooks both the courtyard and the street. From the bedroom there is access to the roof garden facing the courtyard. The large painting is from a series of black-and-white line drawings of edible Nordic plants and roots, by Lene Ostenfeldt. The carpet is Almeria Stone, crafted by hand in silk and viscose from danish Linie Design.
The bathroom has a minimalist décor all in white-on-white. Wall clock in ceramic from Kähler. Beautyaccessories stored in old jars on a black melamine tray from IKEA. Hand lotion and soaps from Norwegian beauty brand Sprekenhus.
Træplankerne på gulvet knirker, væggene er skæve og man kan skimte mønstret på det gamle tapet under de malede vægge. Man kunne godt forestille sig, at når man arbejder professionelt med design, styling og boligindretning og har fingeren på pulsen, så er den private base et mekka af alt det nyeste design og møbler. Men sådan er det ikke for en af BO BEDRES faste stylister, Lene Ostenfeldt der inviterer indenfor i sin private bolig i Holbæk.
Herskabslejligheden på 167 kvadratmeter er indrettet med unika-ting, nyt design og udvalgte møbler der har en affektionsværdi for hende. Lene Ostenfeldt forstår at trække de dekorative elementer i boligen frem og skabe en mættet atmosfære helt uden om standardløsninger.
" Min bolig er mit hjem – og har gennem mange år transformeret sig fra at være en kulisse og udtryk for min kreativitet til at være rammerne omkring min kreativitet. Det er her jeg lever, leger, arbejder, tænker, roder ".
" Ved at blande, sætte tingene sammen på en anden måde og male væggen eller en stol eller lampe i farve, så får man et helt nyt resultat der giver fornyet energi og stemning. Vi skal turde lege og eksperimentere lidt mere og tage os tiden til at vænne sig til et nyt udtryk. Jeg kan godt lide at det er lidt skævt og uforudsigeligt. Og jeg holder særligt af naturmaterialer fordi de patinerer. Skønheden består i at de bliver brugt, et hak, et mærke eller en ridse gør det kun mere troværdigt ".
" Jeg særligt glad for at arbejde med mørke farver som kontrast til lyst og kridhvidt. Det dunkle kan være særdeles raffineret. Kaffebrunt, karamelfarvet, sort, grå og kridhvidt. Stål og messing. Velour, pels og læder. Farverige detaljer – en flaskegrøn væg og en varm orange gulvlampe. Møbler og tilbehør behøver ikke passe sammen, det vigtigste er at farverne harmonerer, så kan man mikse ret vildt, slippe af sted med en hel del og stadig få det lækre look ".
" Jeg bliver ofte spurgt om jeg selv bor med mine yndlingsdesigns – det gør jeg ikke. Hjemme er for mig et hvor jeg kan samle energi og få ro, et sted der bærer på historier. Det skal være stemningsfuldt og hyggeligt ".
" Mit hjem er sat sammen af en eklektisk blanding af moderne design som jeg har udvalgt og købt, ofte ved en tilfældighed og sat det sammen med arvestykker, unika, loppefund jeg har renoveret eller blot givet en gang maling. Blandt andet klaveret har jeg prøvet at skille mig af med af flere omgange men det skal åbenbart ikke lykkes og nu er jeg blevet så glad for det, især når min søn, der er trommeslager, er hjemme og har følgeskab af pianister der virkelig forstår at bruge tangenterne ".
Lene Ostenfeldt arbejder med visuel kommunikation, trends- og tendenser. Hun er stylist, skribent, trendspotter, kunstner, farvekonsulent, designer og forfatter til flere bøger. Primært for virksomheder samt danske og udenlandske magasiner.
Zinkvandkanden er vokseplads for frisk esdragon. Bagved skimtes plantetasker fra franske BacSac. Den sorte vintage krukke var oprindelig i lys marmor, nu har den fået en gang sort maling og med tiden charmende patina.
Også udendørs hersker smukke og naturlige stillebens mellem alt det grønne. Purløg, persille, rødsalat og bronze fennikel gror i en kæmpestor plantetaske fra franske BacSac. For at give luft og hindre råd i bunden, har Lene hævet den fra terrassegulvet på en sortmalet europalle.
Ud på taget mod gården ligger en vidunderlig oase. " Her samler jeg energi, fordyber mig i noget pottejord eller en bog, nyder solen og stjernerne på nattehimlen, " fortæller Lene Ostenfeldt. Terrassen er 15 kvadratmeter og fyldt med store og små krukker og mobile bede med forskellige bambus, hortensier, bregner, stedsegrøn hosta, efeu, masser af krydderurter, en syren, en gran og et æbletræ. Lyskæde med glødepærer fra Konstsmide skaber stemning i skumringen. Klapbord og stole fra IKEA. Marmorbord er fransk vintage. Udendørs fletsofa og søgræstæppe er begge fundet hos Bauhaus.
Grillen i rustfri aluminium er amerikansk og oprindeligt designet til soldater i felten. På husmuren klatrer en tobaksplante, i krukkerne figen og citronverbena.
Fra køkkenet er der udsigt til Holbæks gamle bindingsværkshuse. Køkkenbordet er egentlig lidt lavt at sidde ved, men jeg kan lide udtrykket og her er mange nærværende og hyggelige samtaler omkring måltidet.
En bogreol i træ har fået hvid maling og er beklædt med tapet på bagpladen. Her står køkkenredskaber, en gammel køkkenvægt, tallerkener, kander, fade og skåle smukt og overskueligt til skue. Stentøjet, guldbestik og små vandkarafler er fra Christian Bitz, guld-termokande fra Alfi, hvid tekande fra Pillivuit, støbejernsgryde med trægreb fra Iittala. Flasken med RED-etiket har Lene Ostenfeldt designet til en styling for BO BEDRE.
Væggen i køkkenet er malet med sort tavlelak og bruges til skitser, opskrifter og citater. Spisebordet er et gammelt køkkenbord i træ med skuffer. Den oprindelige linoleumsbordplade har Lene skiftet ud med hvide keramikfliser. Øverst på køkkenreolen en trådkurv fra Korbo.
Fisker-pendler i metal og messing er hyggelig og praktisk arbejdsbelysning over køkkenbordet. Skoletavlen bruges som huskeseddel. En stor rund metalbakke holder orden på olier og krydderier. Vægur fra IKEA, Margretheskål i rustfrit stål fra Rosti, bogen Nopi er kokken Yotam Ottolenghi`s – som Lene er en stor fan af – nyeste. Hun nyder og har en stor interesse i at svinge potter og pander, lækkerier som her chili-honning fra New York eksperimenteres ofte ind i madlavningen.
Det store spejl med guldramme gør entreen visuelt længere og fremhæver boligens flotte, gamle gulvplanker. Væggene er malet med en ultramat lys grå fra Flügger, farven stopper cirka 40 cm fra loftet, det gør rummet visuelt lavere og mere intimt, stemningen understreges af glødepærer i messingfatning med stofledning, Raumgestalt fra Nicolaj. Lågen der anes i spejlet er walk-in garderobe og holder entreen rydet for overtøj, sko, tasker og kufferter.
Alle vægge i det store arbejdsrum er malet utraditionelt. Den mørkegrå farve, som går igen i karnappen i stuen, slutter midt på væggen og virker som et panel der fremhæver de originale trægulve og hvide træværk omkring vindue og døre. Arkitektlampen er Luxo designet i 1937, pendelen over bordet har Lene Ostenfeldt købt for 40 kroner på den lokale genbrugsstation. Den blev slebet med sandpapir, fik en gang blank spraymaling og en ny ledning. Ateliertaburet i træ er fra Lene`s far der malede i sin fritid, den sorte taburet er fra Trævarefabrikkerne og har fået en gang sort maling. Hæve- sænkebordet er ekstralangt, 2 meter, og lavet på bestilling hos et kontorfirma.
Kombinationen af mørkegrå og hvid er elegant og fremhæves her med pude og sengetæppe i samme nuance. Tekstilet er genbrug, Lene har syet det af velour der tidligere var gardin i stuen. Bordlampe fra IKEA.
I arbejdsrummet fungerer en stålreol fra byggemarkedet som opbevaring. Øverst en samling af vaser fra Holmegaard, Lyngby Porcelain, Royal Copenhagen og Broste Copenhagen, et diskret og effektfuldt stilleben. Skuffedarie i teaktræ er et arvestykke. Gråt metalskab fra IKEA.
Den store stue er delt op i en spise- og hyggeafdeling. Stolen forrest er Lenes fars gamle kontorstol der har fået nyt polstret sæde i kaffebrunt læder.
På klaveret et tableau af stager og vaser i keramik, porcelæn, træ og marmor. Håndmalede roser er skitser til et nyt projekt. Fotografiet har Lene taget i Istanbul. Lampen i mundblæst opalglas er Claudia fra DAB.
Karnap og panelernes udskæringer fremhæves med en dyb mørkgrå træmaling, Flügger S7000-N, definerer spiseafdelingen. Pladsen under bænken agerer bogreol. Spisebordet i massivt egetræ med tyk glasplade har Lene Ostenfeldt selv tegnet og fået udført på et beskyttet værksted. Stolene er en blanding af Kartell, designet af Piero Lissoni og arvestykker. Den industrielle stol er fundet i en container.
Kvinde fra Nepal er fotograferet af Lene Ostenfeldt og forstørret. Indskudsborde i teaktræ er arvestykker, den hvide bordlampe hedder Spun Light er designet af Sebastian Wrong og fra Flos. Krukke på gulvet er unika fra Bing & Grøndal.
Bag dobbelte glasdøre i forlængelse af stue- og spisestue skimtes Lene Ostenfeldts arbejdsrum. Over bordet hænger pendel fra Kartell.
Portrættet af keramiker fra pottemager-byen Thimi er fotograferet af Lene Ostenfeldt på en rejse til Nepal. Lampen, et retro-fund, har hun malet i den orange der går igen i fotografiet. Skærmen fra KS Skærme er lavet på bestilling og betrukket med lækkert velour fra Designers Guild. På radiator isbjørn fra Royal Copenhagen.
Vægfarven på stuens endevæg er mørk grøn Flügger S7020-B70G og helt uden glans. Den både fremhæver og giver kant til de brune, sorte, grå og hvide farver. Sofaen er fra Ilva med puder Lene har syet i tekstiler fra Designers Guild og Ralph Lauren. Den brune læderstol er Chesterfield. Maleriet er et af Lenes egne. Vitrinen er et arvestykke, det forlyder at det har stået på en "hemmelig lægeklinik" i Sønderjylland hvor Lene kommer fra. Karlekammerskabet har Lene lakeret hvidt og sat glaslåger i med hørlærred for. Gulvlampen hedder Slim Sophie fra tyske Frau Maier, spot er Parentesi fra Flos, design Achille Castiglioni.
Vitrinen er en udstilling af finurligheder. Hver detalje repræsenterer et personligt minde der er betydningsfuldt. En kogle fra en ferie, en cigarkasse med knapper, et træskib Lenes søn har bygget da han var dreng med en lille hammer af en trommestik, en sten fundet en særlig dag på stranden, en 100 år gammel bonbonierre Lene fik bolcher af som barn hos sin farmor, byggeklods i træ fra LEGO`s allerførste produktion. Bagvæggen i skabet er malet lys grå, samme farve som i entreen, der fremhæver kuriositeterne.
En kreativ hjerne arbejder altid. Lene har altid sine skitse- og notesbøger med sig på rejser og slapper af med tegneblokken. En notesbog bruges til at skrive og skitsere særlige tilberednings-fif og lækker mad spist rundt om i verden og hos venner og familie. Bog How To Make A Nation er fra Monocle. Akvarel er skitseforslag til print.
Soveværelset, der vender mod syd og tagterrassen, er enkelt indrettet. Sengetæppe og pude har Lene syet i fed velour fra Designers Guild. Farven hedder Cassia Hazel. Stolen er original Thonet, fundet på et loppemarked for 35 kroner. Lampen på gulvet er Gatto fra Flos, designet af Achille og Pier Giacomo Castiglioni. Fotografi er Galata broen i Istanbul, taget af Lene Ostenfeldt. I loftet har Lene lavet en pendel af en gigantisk lampeskærm fundet på et udsalg.
Lejligheden har udsigt til både gården og gaden. Fra soveværelset er der udgang til tagterrassen mod gården. På væggen hænger et af Lene Ostenfeldts egne, store malerier, en serie af sort-hvid stregtegninger af spiselige nordiske planter og rødder. Gulvtæppet er Almeria Stone, håndtuftet i viscose fra Linie Design.


Discussion: What do you think makes a great leader and how can you recognize these traits in others?
· The true power of effective communication for remote teams and what can we do to improve it?
– How are remote teams different from on-site teams?
– What are the unique needs and demands of a virtual team?
· How do you recognise (remotely) when it is appropriate to lead or when to manage?
– How can you track, measure and achieve performance objectives?
Trust through technology: Stressing the importance and benefits of building trust throughout your organisation especially when remote and virtual teams are engaged.
Practical Exercise: What are some of the digital tools and methods to improve the productivity and efficiency of your remote teams?
Practical Exercise: Delegates will reflect and assess the effectiveness of their own managers, team leaders and team members. What are areas that can be improved further?
· What are the biggest motivators for your team?
Discussion: What can you do to become a better remote team leader?
· Deep dive: Why did IBM and Yahoo make workers return to the office? Did it work?
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text:
Uber steering for blockbuster IPO The ride-hailing giant's valuation is expected to be close to US$100 billion
A ride share driver picks up passengers at O'Hare Airport on April 10, 2019 in Chicago, Illinois. Photo: AFP
SAN FRANCISCO – Uber could become a US$100 billion company with a massive share offering that will be a bellwether for tech startups looking toward Wall Street.
Media reports said the ride-hailing giant is seeking to raise some US$10 billion in what would be the largest stock offering of the year.
That could result in a valuation close to $100 billion — an impressive figure but below some earlier estimates amid an ebbing of enthusiasm on growth and profitability, the Wall Street Journal reported.
The Journal said details of Uber's initial public offering (IPO) would be released Thursday and the market debut was expected in May.
The IPO comes after a lackluster response to last month's market debut for Lyft, the main US rival of Uber.
Lyft shares rose on the first day of trade and then lost ground. On Wednesday, shares were down more than 10 percent from the US$72 offering price.
The Journal, citing unnamed sources, said Uber recently provided documents showing a potential price range of between $48 and US$55 a share, implying a valuation of between US$90 billion and US$100 billion.
These figures could change ahead of the market launch but would be below the estimated $120 billion suggested by some investment bankers, according to the report.
"Even a valuation in the US$90 billion to US$100 billion range would represent a healthy premium to the latest private valuation (some US$76 billion) in August 2018," said Matt Kennedy of the IPO research firm Renaissance Capital.
"Uber will definitely be pegged to Lyft. So they can't be too aggressive on valuation, given where Lyft is trading. Though it's possible that some of the pressure on Lyft is related to investors looking to pick up Uber instead."
Analysts warn both Uber and Lyft will need strong growth to justify their lofty valuations, and face multiple challenges to their business model which has disrupted traditional taxi services and relies on drivers to be independent contractors.
The ride-hailing firms are also investing in other "last mile" transport options such as electric bikes and scooters, and in the long run are looking to autonomous vehicles as a way to reduce dependence on private cars and reshape urban landscapes.
Unicorn Stampede
Uber is the latest, and will be largest of the so-called "unicorns", or venture-backed startups worth at least US$1 billion, to look to Wall Street listings to expand their capital base.
But some of the early enthusiasm about this unicorn herd has waned and there are hints that private investment rounds may have been priced too high.
Pinterest, a virtual bulletin board that connects people with interests including food, fashion, travel and lifestyle, plans to trade under the symbol PINS on the New York Stock Exchange.
Pinterest unveiled its IPO price range with an estimated valuation of some US$11 billion, below the US$12 billion in its most recent private funding round.
Other big tech firms which could join the stampede include the business collaboration startup Slack and big data firm Palantir.
Aswath Damodaran, a New York University business professor specializing in corporate valuations, calculated Lyft to be worth around $16 billion, below its the more than US$20 billion at its IPO price.
Uber released financial data earlier this year showing it lost $865 million in the fourth quarter of 2018, compared with US$1.1 billion in the same period a year earlier.
The San Francisco-based firm reported revenue of US$3 billion, a 25 percent increase from a year earlier.
Chief executive Dara Khosrowshahi has promised greater transparency as he seeks to restore confidence in the global ridesharing leader hit by a wave of misconduct scandals over executive misconduct, a toxic work atmosphere and potentially unethical competitive practices.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


The post-Osama phase of the US-Pakistan relationship is proving to be extremely turbulent. The swift U.S. reaction to the attack on its embassy in Kabul and the killing of the chief Afghan government negotiator, former president Rabbani, led to an equally strong backlash from the Pakistani establishment.
"We strongly reject assertions of complicity with the Haqqanis or of proxy war," Prime Minister Yusuf Raza Gilani said. "The allegations betray confusion and policy disarray within the U.S. establishment on the way forward in Afghanistan." General Ashfaq Parvez Kayani, Pakistan's Chief of Army Staff dismissed the charge as "very unfortunate and not based on facts." Hina Rabbani Khar, Pakistan's foreign minister, warned that Washington "could lose an ally" if it keeps humiliating Pakistan with unsubstantiated allegations.
The international community has known for long that the Pakistan army and the ISI follow a Janus-faced policy on Afghanistan. While pretending to be allies in the 'war on terror', they are careful to target only those terrorist organisations that strike within Pakistan, like the TTP and the TNSM, and nurture and support the Afghan Taliban and their sympathisers. In February 2009, David Sanger, New York Times correspondent, had written in his new book The Inheritance that in a transcript passed to Mike McConnell, the Director of National Intelligence in May 2008, General Kayani was overheard referring to Maulavi Jalaluddin Haqqani as "a strategic asset". This had led to the first few armed UAV strikes against the Haqqani network based in North Waziristan inside Pakistan's FATA province.
While U.S. frustration with Pakistani duplicity is understandable, the U.S. still has 98,000 troops in Afghanistan and is still dependent on the two land routes through Peshawar and Quetta for the logistics sustenance of its own and other NATO-ISAF forces. Though it could step up armed UAV strikes and even launch air strikes into North Waziristan, it does not have the capability to launch follow-on air assault strikes. Also, ground strikes will surely lead to war with Pakistan and war, with all its nuclear overtones, is not in anybody's interest.


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The Albertans: "The Hunter"
Vancouver-based quartet The Albertans (yeah, I don't get it either), are releasing a new 7" for the single The Hunter on April 24th. The title track will be backed by "The Power" and "Ohio"
Listen to the lead cut here:
It's all relative: the albertans


New York rapper and A$AP Mob co-founder A$AP Rocky made his third studio album available for purchase on Friday. It is his first solo project since 2015's "AT.LONG.LAST.A$AP" and his most recent since the last A$AP Mob album, "Cozy Tapes Vol. 2: Too Cozy," released in 2017.
A slew of producers assisted on this project. Héctor Delgado is credited on most songs as a main producer or additional producer and is also a co-executive producer for the project with Juicy J and Rocky. Canadian producer Boi-1da, who's had a hand in some of 2018's biggest hits, worked on the track "Fukk Sleep." Interestingly, Rocky himself is credited as a producer on several songs on this album under the name Lord Flacko. Producer Clams Casino, a long-time A$AP Rocky collaborator, worked on the song "Black Tux, White Collar." Rico Love, Jim Jonsin and British rapper/producer Skepta received production credits on this project as well.
This project is categorized as experimental hip-hop and psychedelic, and for the most part, attempts to live up to this categorization. However, it ultimately falls short of the intended goal. Clearly, Rocky's intent here was to explore newer sounds. Perhaps individually, the songs on this project may be more meaningful, but they don't quite come together cohesively on the album.
Ultimately, the project is simply inconsequential as the album. It isn't interesting enough to be a truly enjoyable experimental listen, neither is it packed with enough contemporary-sounding tracks to fit in with what everyone else is doing today. Rocky is certainly talented enough of an artist with a distinguishable voice to excel at both, but this album just isn't it.


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text:
Q: Android. Ошибка при конвертации Set в String[] Пытаюсь достать данные из SharedPreference всей пачкой по ключу, но не получается конвертнуть результат в String[]
java.lang.ClassCastException: java.lang.String cannot be cast to java.util.Set

String[] codeValues;

Делаю так:
private void loadCode() {
    preferences = getPreferences(MODE_PRIVATE);
    Set<String> codes = preferences.getStringSet("codes", new HashSet<String>());

    codeValues = codes.toArray(new String[codes.size()]);
    Toast.makeText(this, "Text loaded", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}

Пробовал так еще:
private void loadCode() {
    preferences = getPreferences(MODE_PRIVATE);
    Set<String> codes = preferences.getStringSet("codes", new HashSet<String>() {
        @Override
        public int size() {
            return 0;
        }

        @Override
        public boolean isEmpty() {
            return false;
        }

        @Override
        public boolean contains(Object o) {
            return false;
        }

        @NonNull
        @Override
        public Iterator<String> iterator() {
            return null;
        }

        @NonNull
        @Override
        public Object[] toArray() {
            return new Object[0];
        }

        @NonNull
        @Override
        public <T> T[] toArray(T[] a) {
            return null;
        }

        @Override
        public boolean add(String s) {
            return false;
        }

        @Override
        public boolean remove(Object o) {
            return false;
        }

        @Override
        public boolean containsAll(Collection<?> c) {
            return false;
        }

        @Override
        public boolean addAll(Collection<? extends String> c) {
            return false;
        }

        @Override
        public boolean retainAll(Collection<?> c) {
            return false;
        }

        @Override
        public boolean removeAll(Collection<?> c) {
            return false;
        }

        @Override
        public void clear() {

        }
    });

    codeValues = codes.toArray(new String[codes.size()]);
    Toast.makeText(this, "Text loaded", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}

A: Предположу, что у Вас в SharedPreference по этому ключу записан не сет, а что-то другое. Ошибка возникает, видимо, в момент извлечения сета.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


You know when you find something that is 100% your type on paper? Yeah, yeah, I know Love Island is dead for now, but that's how I like my holidays – 100% my type on paper. I've written a lot about my solo travel plans in the past and a big part of why I travel by myself is because I want to do things my way. Is that selfish? Probably. Is it going to change? Absolutely not.
I'm definitely a lover of the humble city break. If I spend too much time alone without being distracted I over think a lot (hello 3am life evaluations), so going somewhere that's full of things to do is definitely at the top of my list. I'm a big fan of the old itinerary, and like to take recommendations from others about places to go, things to see, what to do and most importantly what to eat as are you even abroad if you don't try all things delicious? We all know holiday calories don't count.
I'm all about packing my days full of sight-seeing as at the grand old age of 25, I'm far from the party gal I was at 18 (disclaimer, I was barely even a party gal then either), so I love early starts and seeing as much as I can, preferably getting home at a reasonable time. Yes, I know. I'm wild. When I was in Amsterdam earlier this year I found out that the hotel room had MTV and it was back to back new episodes of Catfish, which let's be honest, is more my style than smashing a few spacecakes of an eve after a long day sight-seeing.
I was in touch with Superbreak recently to work with them on a Tinder style app where you swipe through a whole load of holiday photos (including mine – anything to help me get insta-famous) and then it'll tell you the type of break you should go on. Naturally I came out as a foodie every time as brunch is my bae. Now I just need actual Tinder to up it's game and find me a real life bae to go to brunch with. Or even better, someone to go on holiday with so that I won't go away and sit in a hotel room watching Catfish. Either/or. But anyway, if you're in need of some holiday inspo, I'd recommend checking it out. (FYI, I haven't actually been asked to share this on my blog, I just gave them permission to use some of my photos and thought the end result was cool).
Right now I'm in two minds about my next trip away as I already have a Harry Potter nerd-out planned for September (London to see The Cursed Child, Watford for the studio tour and then up to Edinburgh for a whole load of must see HP destinations), and after that, I'm thinking Brighton. Just y'know for a Zoella nerd-out. Is that weird for a 25 year old? But after that, I really don't know where to head on my next city break – apart from knowing it's going to be somewhere foodie!
So, hit me up with your recommendations for Brighton in the comments and if you happen to know any Leeds-based eligible bachelors, hook me up with them too so that I can ditch actual Tinder for good.
oh I love the sound of the app. What a fab idea.
I think I'd be city break also. I love seeing places and knowing a bit of history etc.
Brighton is a fab choice. I'd definitely love to visit, but such.a.drive!


Note: this image is the logo for Tongass Troll, Tours & Taxi, a touring agency located in Sitka, Alaska.
Capricorn, the fish-tailed goat, sign on the zodiac for Dec. 23 through Jan. 19. People born under this sign will tend to be ambitious, careful, and calculating.


Southern Nash's Darius Edmundson (24) drives to the basket as Hunt's Justin Hammonds gives chase during the second half of Tuesday's game at Hunt. Edmundson had 19 points in the Firebirds' 55-45 victory.
Hunt's Shaquille Wade (1) gets off a jump shot between Southern Nash's Chris Allen (3) and Darius Edmundson (24) during the second half of the Firebirds' 55-45 conference win in the Hunt High gym Tuesday night.
Hunt's Malcolm Coley (3) heads to the Warriors' basket as Southern Nash's Chason Royal (11) avoids fouling in the opening minute of Tuesday night's game in the Hunt High gym.
Despite the contact, Southern Nash's Darius Edmundson (24) gets around Hunt defender Zion May during Tuesday night's conference game in the Hunt High gym.
Superior effort propelled the visiting Southern Nash High varsity boys basketball team to a 55-45 3-A Big East Conference road victory against Hunt on Tuesday night.
Behind a double-double of 19 points and 14 rebounds from senior Darius Edmundson and an active match-up zone defense, the Firebirds dominated the second half after the teams had battled to a 21-21 halftime deadlock.
The outcome left both teams at 1-2 in the Big East. Overall, Southern Nash, home against nonconference foe Cleveland on Wednesday, improved to 8-6. Hunt, which hosts Franklinton in a Big East clash Friday, sank to 9-6.
However, head coach Robbie Kennedy and Edmundson suggested Southern Nash responded with its most complete 2018-19 outing in coming off a league loss to front-running Northern Nash on Friday. Edmundson, who hustled for 10 rebounds in the third quarter alone, explained his team realized lack of the necessary energy at the outset cost the Firebirds against Northern Nash.
The Firebirds snapped the 21-21 standoff with the first four points of the second half. Suddenly, the advantage was 40-30 in the hyped Firebirds' favor on a 3-pointer each from Edmundson and sophomore Chason Royal and a Edmundson feed to senior Armando Dellavalle for his only field goal.
Southern Nash bolted to its largest lead of 47-30 with the first seven points of the final quarter. The Warriors did not score until junior ShaKei Hines buried a 3-point shot with less than 4 1/2 minutes remaining. Hunt drew no closer than the final margin from there.
Kennedy and Edmundson credited the Firebirds' 3-2 zone defense.
Edmundson was complemented by senior guard Artavius Allen with 10 points and junior Chris Allen and Royal with eight each. Royal snared eight rebounds.
Senior Chris Bates came off the bench to net 10 points for the Warriors, while 6-foot-4 senior Zion May added nine.
Southern Nash wound up with a 37-32 rebounding edge and finished with nine turnovers as compared to 10 for Hunt. Neither team shot well, with the Firebirds hitting 19-of-48 shots from the floor for 40-percent accuracy, while Hunt was 17 of 48 for 35 percent.
Hunt fortunes took a jolt when leading scorer and senior leader Malcolm Coley picked up two fouls in the first 90 seconds and sat out the remainder of the first half.
Southern Nash jumped to an 8-2 cushion before Bates came off the bench to rally the Warriors to a 14-10 margin after one quarter. Hunt upped the cushion to 19-12 but didn't score again in the first half until Bates scored inside. The Firebirds grabbed a 21-19 edge on Artavius Allen's 3-pointer.
Edmundson impressed both head coaches — especially with his hectic feat of 10 rebounds in the third quarter.
Rambert, A. Allen 10, C. Allen 8, Jones, Foster, Parker 2, Royal 8, Dellavalle 2, Barnes, Vick 6, De. Edmundson, Da. Edmundson 19.
Hammonds, Wade 5, Coley 5, Taylor 2, Hines 6, Clay, Jones 4, Carson 4, May 9, Bates 10.


text:
Papers for downloading
From here you can download a selection of papers since 1994 and a few earlier ones, arranged in date order within the following topics Note, however, that this list is as of January 2019, no longer being maintained here. Please go to my new web site harveygoldstein.co.uk for an up tp date version.
Methodological papers on multilevel modelling
Papers on assessment, school effectiveness and performance indicators
Multilevel Modelling of Medical data. An introduction to multilevel modelling with an emphasis on medical applications. Also discusses cross classifications and multiple membership models. Goldstein, H., Browne, W. and Rasbash, J. (2004). Multilevel Modelling of Medical data. Tutorials in Biostatistics. R. D'Agostino. Chichester, Wiley. 2: 69-94. (Not available at the moment for downloading).
Multilevel modelling of educational data (PDF, 154kB)This is an introductory account of multilevel models with a discussion of the range of types of data that can now be handled with the latest developments in methodology. Goldstein, H. (2003). Multilevel modelling of educational data. In: Methodology and epistomology of multilevel analysis. D. Courgeau. London, Kluwer.
Modelling complex variation (PDF, 240kB) This paper is an entry in the forthcoming (2005) Encyclopedia of Behavioural Statistics. It describes how to set up models for the variance as a function of explanatory variables in generalised linear models.
Multilevel event history modelling (PDF, 338kB). This paper sets out in detail the procedures for setting up and estimating a very flexible event history model using existing multilevel software. Goldstein, H., Pan, H. and Bynner, J. (2004). A flexible procedure for analyzing longitudinal event histories using a multilevel model. Understanding statistics 3: 85-89.
Multilevel multistate event history models (PDF, 547kB) This paper proposes a general discrete-time model for multilevel event history data. The model is developed for the analysis of longitudinal repeated episodes within individuals where there are multiple origin states and multiple transitions from a state (competing risks). Transitions from each origin state are modelled jointly to allow for correlation across states in the unobserved individual characteristics that influence transitions. This paper extends Goldstein et al., (above). Steele, F., Goldstein, H. and Browne, W. (2004). A general multilevel multistate competing risks model for event history data, with an application to a study of contraceptive use dynamics. Statistical Modelling 4: 145-159.
Multilevel ordinal category response models (PDF, 770kB) This paper, (Statistical Modelling, 2003, 3, 127-153), develops and explores the use of multilevel models for ordered category responses and applies the models to an analysis of examination grades.
Binary and continuous response factor models (PDF, 537kB) This shows how traditional models for binary response factor analysis can be extended to fit multiple factors and hierarchical (multilevel) data structures. The general multilevel factor model is developed using MCMC estimation and it is shown how the Normal response model can be extended using a probit link function that has useful interpretations. The models are applied to the study of country differences in a large scale study of Mathematics achievement in schools (PISA). To be published in Psychometrics: a festschrift for Roderick P. McDonald. (2003, Ed. A. Olivares
Modelling dependencies between fixed and random effects (PDF, 418kB). For small group sizes, the multilevel iterative generalised least squares (IGLS) estimator is biased and inconsistent where the random effects are correlated with the fixed predictors. In this unpublished (2002) paper we review various approaches to ensure consistency.
Multilevel modelling of medical data (PDF, 490kB). (2002. Statistics in Medicine 21: 3291-3315.). This paper presents an overview of multilevel modelling with medical examples. It includes extensions to complex data structures and discusses both likelihood and Bayesian estimation.
Partitioning variation in generalised linear multilevel models (PDF, 185kB). (Understanding Statistics, 2002, 1, 223-232). This paper describes various methods for obtaining estimates of the relative proportions of variance at different levels of a data hierarchy with examples and some MLwiN macros.
Multilevel factor analysis models (PDF, 458kB). This paper sets out a general model for multilevel factor analysis using MCMC estimation. It appeared in Spring 2002 as a chapter in 'Latent variable and latent structure models'. Edited by G. Marcoulides and I. Moustaki, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, New Jersey.
Meta analysis using multilevel models. The general meta analysis model can be formulated as a multilevel model where the different studies being 'pooled' become higher level units. Two papers are published. The first deals with and the second with continuous outcome meta analysis models (PDF, 538kB) where study data reported at different levels (individual or study) can be combined in a single analysis.
Multiple membership multiple classification models (PDF, 301kB) (Statistical Modelling, 2001, 1, 103-124). This paper describes extensions to the purely hierarchical multilevel model to handle cross classifications and multiple membership (fuzzy set) structures. It introduces an efficient notation and shows how likelihood and Bayesian (MCMC) techniques can be used for estimation.
Multivariate multilevel modelling of A level examination results (PDF, 920kB) (J. Royal Statist. Soc, 2002, A, 165, 137-154). This explores modelling strategies for multivariate (examination) responses with non-randomly missing responses within a multilevel data structure.
Multilevel models for repeated binary outcomes (PDF, 79kB). (J. Royal Statist. Soc., A, (2000), 163, 49-62). This looks at ways of modelling repeated measures data with a binary outcome where the occasions are equally spaced, using data from the British Election Study.
Discrete response multilevel models (PDF, 40kB). (Quality and Quantity, 34 (3): (2000) pp.323-330.). This looks at ways of modelling repeated measures data with a binary outcome where the occasions are not equally spaced, using data from the British Election Study. It uses a time series approach.
Multilevel models for dynamic household structures (PDF, 74kB) (European Journal of Population, (2000), 16, 373-387). A modelling procedure is proposed for fully describing dynamic household structures where households change their composition over time. Multiple membership models are proposed for such data and their application is discussed with an example.
A non parametric bootstrap for multilevel models (PDF, 166kB) This paper describes the implementation of a residuals bootstrap for generalised linear multilevel models that has improved properties than the fully parametric bootstrap when data are non-Normal. (Multilevel modelling Newsletter, 1999, 11, 2-5.
Bootstrap procedures for multilevel data (PDF, 54kB). This unpublished paper looks at parametric and non-parametric bootstrapping procedures for multilevel data. (For more details about using the iterative bootstrap see paper on bias correction)
Bias correction procedures for non-linear multilevel models (PDF, 31kB). This unpublished paper looks in detail at the iterative bootstrap procedure, implemented in MLwiN, with some simulations.
Causal inferences from repeated measures data (PDF, 19kB). This unpublished paper looks at ways of making causal type inferences from repeated measures models which are symmetric with respect to time.
.Improved approximations for binary response multilevel models (PDF, 64kB). (Goldstein and Rasbash, JRSS, A, 159, 505-513). This paper discusses the use of improved approximations for the estimation of generalised linear multilevel models where the response is a proportion. Simulation studies by Rodriguez and Goldman have shown that in extreme situations large biases can occur, most notably in the case when the response is binary, the number of level 1 units per level 2 unit is small and the underlying random parameter values are large. An improved approximation is introduced which largely eliminates the biases in the situation described by Rodriguez and Goldman.
Interpreting aggregate level models (PDF, 26kB). Aggregate level analyses which fit models using average values of predictor and response variables do not in general provide appropriate inferences about lower level relationships since they are estimating different components of such underlying models. This unpublished paper shows why this occurs and the circumstances where misleading inferences will be drawn.
An introduction to multilevel models in biostatistics (PDF, 57kB). This article is an entry in the 'Encyclopedia of Biostatistics' and provides an introduction to multilevel modelling for biostatisticians.
An introduction to repeated measures models (PDF, 40kB). This article is an entry in the 'Encyclopedia of Biostatistics' and describes the application of multilevel models to repeated measures data analysis.
Multilevel models for the analysis of social data (PDF, 38kB). This is an entry in the 'Encyclopaedia of Social research Methods' and provides an introduction to multilevel models, with examples, for social scientists.
Multilevel models with missing data (PDF, 77kB). This paper proposes a procedure for producing consistent and asymptotically efficient moment-based estimators for a multilevel model with randomly missing explanatory or response variables. The procedure is essentially an extension of existing procedures based upon multiple imputation, is computationally efficient and avoids the need to generate multiple data sets to which multilevel models are fitted. It is also shown that the procedure copes effectively with informatively missing data values when the missingness mechanism is incorporated into the estimation procedure. It has close parallels with moment-based estimators for errors in variables models.
Multilevel spatial models (PDF, 205kB). (J. Royal statistical Society, Series C, 1999, 253-268). This paper addresses some of the theoretical and methodological problems of modelling the distribution of diseases, such as cancer, in discrete geographical areas. Theoretically, it is necessary to examine in detail the various processes, both artefactual and causative, which may affect the number of cases occurring within a certain area, and the distribution of relative risks between areas. A methodological framework based on multilevel modelling is developed, with spatial and nonspatial relationships being considered as random effects occurring at different levels within a population data structure. Examples of exploratory and inferential analyses are given, and discussion focuses on the issues raised by complex spatial modelling of geographically distributed health data.
Multiple membership and missing identification models (PDF, 59kB). This paper presents a method for handling educational data in which students belong to more than one unit at a given level, but there is missing information on the identification of the units to which students belong. For example, a student might be classified as belonging sequentially to a particular combination of primary and secondary school, but for some students, the identity of either the primary or secondary school may be unknown. Similar situations arise in longitudinal studies in which students change school or class from one year to the next. The method involves setting up a cross-classified model, but replacing (0,1) values for unit membership with weights reflecting probabilities of unit membership in cases where membership information is randomly missing. The method is illustrated with reference to longitudinal data on students' progress in English.
Non-parametric maximum likelihood for 2 level models (PDF, 9kB). This unpublished paper shows how to implement non-parametric maximum likelihood estimation for 2-level models in MLwiN.
Weighting in multilevel models (PDF, 17kB). This unpublished paper shows how to carry out weighted multilevel analyses. The procedures are incorporated into MLwiN version 1.10.
Multilevel models for longitudinal growth norms (PDF, 611kB). This paper describes a two stage procedure for estimating conditional and unconditional growth norms. It describes how the resulting norms can be used in clinical and research practice.
Multilevel time series models (PDF, 1,350kB). This paper shows how a general multilevel time series model (in continuous time) can be fitted at level 1, with random effects also at higher levels.
Notes on the statistical relationship between smoking in pregnancy and perinatal mortality (PDF, 123kB) Considerable debate took place in the 1970s about this relationship. A reanalysis of results from several studies reveals that such a relationship exists and is mediated through birthweight.
Effect sizes in linear models (PDF, 34kB) This symposium contribution looks at different ways of defining and measuring the effect size associated with a predictor variable in a linear model and how different effect sizes may be compared. Goldstein, H. (2004). Some observations on the definition and estimation of effect sizes. But what does it mean? The use of effect sizes in educational research. I. Schagen and K. Elliot. Slough, NFER.
International comparisons (PDF, 56kB) This is a review of a recent book on international studies of achievement. It reflects on the present state of understanding among educationalists and the insularity of much of the commentary emerging from the United States. Goldstein, H. (2004). International comparative assessment: how far have we really come. (Review essay). Assessment in Education 11: 227-234.
Examination standards (PDF, 38kB) This paper looks at the recurring controversies about the standards of pupil performance in public examinations in the UK. Goldstein, H. (2004). Measuring Educational Standards. Significance(September 2004): 103-105.
PISA 2000 survey: a critical commentary (PDF, 139kB). This paper raises some methodological concerns about the conduct, analysis and interpretation of results from the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) study. It comments on the restricted nature of the data modelling and analysis, and the resulting interpretations. Implicit in the paper are suggestions for ways in which such studies can be improved.
Modelling social segregation in schooling (PDF, 1,106kB) This paper presents an application of a multilevel model for studying changes in the social composition of schools. It presents a critique of existing 'index' methods and shows how a multilevel approach is efficient and avoids the arbitrariness associated with choosing any particular index.
Education for all: the globalisation of learning targets (PDF, 171kB). UNESCO's ambitious project to improve basic education in the developing world revolves around the achievement of learning targets, especially in terms of literacy. This paper argues that such targets will be counterproductive in just the same kinds of ways that 'high stakes' national target setting has been in countries such as the UK and the USA. An early version was published in "Research Intelligence" in February 2003. The present revised version is to appear in "Comparative Education", (2004).
Designing social research (PDF, 190kB). This is a professorial lecture given at the University of Bristol in 2002. It looks at the basic principles underlying quantitative social research and how these should affect the design and analysis of social data.
Class size effects on achievement in the reception year (PDF, 616kB). (British Educational Research Journal, 2002, 28, 169-185). This shows positive effects of smaller classes on progress during the reception year in English Primary schools. The effect is present for classes up to size 27 or so and is more marked for less able children
League tables and schooling (PDF, 0.1 mb). This is a paper presented to Members of Parliament in January 2001. It sets out the issues about the publication of league tables for schools in a non-technical fashion. It explains 'value added' and sets out a framework for the constructive use of properly adjusted performance indicators. Many of the same issues apply to health service indicators and are relevant to current (June 2001) proposals to introduce league tables for police forces.
Predicting the future (PDF, 1,655kB) (Gray, J., Goldstein, H. and Thomas, S. (2001). Predicting the future: the role of past performance in determining trends in institutional effectiveness at A level. British Educational Research Journal 27: 391-406.) Using an extensive set of A level examination results over 4 years this paper demonstrates that apparent stability in institutional exam results from year to year are deceptive. When 'value added' analyses are done there are substantial variations over time. There are no obvious trends in 'effectiveness' over time that can be pinned down for individual institutions and predictions of results in the fourth year using data from the previous 3 years are poor. This casts doubt on received wisdom about school improvement and especially calls into question current government policies.
Using pupil performance data for judging schools and teachers (PDF, 94kB). (Brit. Educational res. J., 2001, 27, 433-442). This paper reviews ways in which performance data (league tables and targets) are currently used. It presents a critique using research evidence and suggests a more rational approach to the use of such data.
School effectiveness research and educational policy (PDF, 49kB) (1). In the latter half of the 1990s many academics and others became highly critical of 'school effectiveness' research and applications, especially its use by government for political purposes. This paper looks at the validity of these critiques and reflects on the future direction for this area of educational research. ( Oxford Review of Education, (2000), 26, 353-363)
School effectiveness research and educational policy (2). A further commentary on critiques of school effectiveness research inspired by a recent paper from M. Thrupp.
International comparisons of adult literacy (PDF, 314kB). The International Adult Literacy Survey raises a number of important issues which are inherent in all attempts to make comparisons of cognitive and behavioural attributes across countries. This paper discusses both the statistical and interpretational problems. A detailed analysis of the survey instruments is carried out to demonstrate the cultural specificity involved and the data modelling techniques used in IALS are critiqued and alternative analyses performed. The paper argues for extreme caution in interpreting results in the light of the weaknesses of the survey. (Blum, A., Goldstein, H. and Guerin-Pace, F. (2001). International adult literacy survey (IALS): an analysis of international comparisons of adult literacy. Assessment in Education 8: 225-246.)
The use of value added information in judging school performance. This report is based upon a study funded by OFSTED in 1999 and is one result of a continuing collaboration between researchers at the Institute of Education and Hampshire Education Authority. Funded by OFSTED, it demonstrates that there are no simple substitute measures, such as free school meal entitlement, to carrying out a full value added analysis when comparing school performances.
GCSE to A-level exam results value added analysis (PDF, 139kB). This paper is a multilevel analysis of 500,000 student A level results, matched to GCSE results for all A level institutions 1993-1995.
Assessing the performance of schools. (PDF, 21kB) This paper presents a non-technical discussion of school league tables and the idea of value-added analysis.
Ethical issues for performance indicators (PDF, 25kB). This paper looks at some of the ethical problems in the publication of school rankings and makes suggestions for ethical guidelines.
Critique of 1997 government education white paper (PDF, 36kB). A critique of some of the assumptions underlying the 1997 New Labour Government white paper and its use of research evidence.
Failing schools in a failing system (PDF, 67kB). This book chapter discusses the notion of school failure and examines how it has been used within recent policy initiatives.
Limitations of league tables (PDF, 112kB). A methodological discussion of the use of league table rankings in education and health.
The influence of primary and secondary schools on 16-year-old examination results (PDF, 512kB). This paper shows that the Primary school attended as well as the Secondary school influence later exmination performance. This has important implications for 'value added' analyses that should be adjusting for prior attainment at more than one time point.
School effectiveness methodology (PDF, 123kB). This paper discusses the methodological requirements for valid inferences from school effectiveness research studies. The requirements include long term longitudinal data and proper statistical modelling of hierarchical data structures. The paper outlines the appropriate multilevel statistical models and shows how these can model the complexities of school, class and student level data.
Targets and performance indicators (PDF, 16kB). A non technical commentary on target setting for schools in the context of performance indicators.
Using value added data for school improvement purposes (PDF, 249kB). This paper (Oxford Review of Education (1999), 25, 469-483.) describes a value-added analysis of baseline - KS1 and KS1 - KS2 data in Hampshire primary schools and discusses how results can be fed back to schools for school improvement purposes without the problems associated with public 'league tables'
Methodological review of class size studies (PDF, 145kB). This report, commissioned by UNESCO, examines the methodology of class size studies and carries out a reanalysis of the Tennessee STAR research using multilevel modelling.
Models for reality (PDF, 78kB). A professorial lecture given at the Institute of Education July 1, 1998. It looks at the role of statistical modelling for educational data.
League tables and their limitations: statistical issues (1996) (PDF, 2,921kB). This paper looks in detail at the statistical issues of adjustment and presentation of uncertainty intervals for performance indicators using educational and health data. It was read to the Royal Statistical Society and contains an extensive discussion section.
International comparisons of student achievement (1995) (PDF, 2,506kB). This report, commissioned by UNESCO reviews existing comparative studies of student achievement and proposes a critique of their methodologies, including psychometric methods, translation issues and sampling designs.
Recontextualising mental measurement (1994) (PDF, 610kB). This paper (Educational Measurement Issues and Practice, 13, 16-43) examines how item response (so called IRT) statistical models have come to dominate a large part of educational testing. It argues that these models are over-simple, statistically implausible and typically associated with the trivialisation of educational assessment.
A multilevel analysis of examination results (1993) (PDF, 387kB). Data on examination results from inner London schools are analysed in relation to intake achievement, pupil gender and school type. The examination achievement, averaged over subjects, is studied as is achievement in the separate subjects of Mathematics and English. Multilevel models are fitted, so that the variation between schools can be studied. It is shown that confidence intervals for school 'residuals' or 'effects' are wide, so that few schools can be separated reliably. In particular, no fine rank ordering of schools legitimately can be produced.
Note: some of the documents on this page are in PDF format. In order to view a PDF you will need Adobe Acrobat Reader
William Browne
George Leckie
Christopher Charlton
Harvey Goldstein
Harvey Goldstein's publications
Multilevel Statistical Models - third edition
Multilevel Statistical Models - second edition
Kelvyn Jones
Lucy Prior
Elizabeth Washbrook


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Rooftop bars season has arrived in Paris, yay! When the weather in Paris is good there are few better ways to enjoy Paris than from above, cocktail in hand, admiring the Paris skyline and gazing across the lights and landmarks that define the city. If you want to enjoy Paris at night from a beautiful bar rooftop, Paris won't disappoint you! Here, 2019's best rooftop bars in Paris, usually open from May /June to September, which also come with some of the best views of Paris. The best Paris rooftops with something for every type, perfect to enjoy spring and summer in the City of Lights!
NB: some of the rooftop bars in Paris proposed here below are located on the top of a hotel in Paris. You don't need to sleep in these hotels to enjoy their rooftops, they are open to the public. However, if you are planning your trip to Paris and have not booked your hotel yet, why don't you choose one of these hotels also to sleep and rest? These are fabulous hotels in Paris!
Relax and enjoy great panoramic views of Paris in the heart of Montmartre. One of Montmartre's mythical places since 1911, Terrass Hotel Paris proposes also one of the Paris best views (La Défense, Montmartre, Les Invalides, Montparnasse Tower and, of course, the magnificent Eiffel Tower). What we like about Terrass Hotel rooftop bar is its urban atmosphere with a romantic touch: it is like if we were in New York! The rooftop bar has really nice corners, furnished with deck chairs, hanging sofas and parasols. Terrass Hotel Paris is the perfect place to enjoy life, love, and one of the best bars with Eiffel Tower view.
Book your stay at Terrass Hotel Paris!
Since its inauguration in 1929, Piscine Molitor (Molitor swimming pool) entertained chic Parisians during summer in Paris with its two basins, galas, and avant-garde ambiance. Today Art Déco Hotel Piscine Molitor proposes a nice mix of a chic and vintage atmosphere which can also be enjoyed from its beautiful rooftop bar and restaurant.
Surrounded by lots of green and plants, Piscine Molitor Restaurant and Bar proposes guests an interesting carte of cocktails which are like a promise of a voyage, a cruise ship in the city. Because of its architecture (the pool is classified as a French monument historique) and atmosphere, le Rooftop Molitor is without any doubt, one of the best rooftop bars in Paris.
Rooftop views: Molitor pool (historical monument), Jardin des Serres d'Auteuil, Eiffel Tower.
Opening hours: every day from 10 am to 1 am.
Book your stay at Hotel Molitor Paris!
After a long shopping day head to Rooftop Galeries Lafayette, grab your favorite drink and admire the Paris skyline with Eiffel Tower, Opera Garnier, Montmartre and the rooftops of Paris. Rooftop Galeries Lafayette Paris (1.500 m2) has different spaces and atmospheres: La Paillote restaurant proposes a cuisine with a Mediterranean touch while its central space, furnished with chaise longues, is a great place to relax and enjoy a fabulous Paris view. Finally, finish your day with your favorite cocktail at Cube sky bar Paris, one of the coolest bars with view of the Eiffel Tower.
Opening hours: from 11 am to 7.30 pm from Monday to Saturday and from 11 am to 6 pm on Sundays.
Looking for rooftop bars near Eiffel Tower? The Peninsula Hotel Paris is one of the best hotels overlooking Eiffel Tower, with amazing views of the Iron Lady. The Peninsula Hotel Paris Rooftop, located on the 6th floor, is the perfect place for a break from the hustle and bustle of the city. Come to Peninsula Rooftop Bar for an elegant atmosphere with the best views of Eiffel Tower. Feeling hungry? The Peninsula restaurant l'Oiseau Blanc proposes the best of French cuisine in an exclusive terrace with great Paris night views.
Hotel Raphael Paris is one of the best Hotels in Paris with Eiffel Tower view. The hotel's ultra luxurious rooftop bar has one of the most spectacular Paris panoramic views: it is like if we could touch the Eiffel Tower or Arche de Triomphe with our own hands! Hotel Raphael Paris rooftop has different atmospheres, from casual red & white chairs on the sun to a more private area to eat surrounded by lots of green plants and white parasols. Wherever you choose to drink your favorite cocktail, you'll be halfway to heaven.
Opening hours: every day from 4 pm to 10 pm.
The cool kids love to play, stand, and pose at this rooftop that crowns Hotel Mama Shelter Paris: it is like if we were on holidays! Mama Shelter Paris, in the 20th Arrondissement, possibly does not have the best views of Paris but they know how to keep their guests happy during spring and summer in Paris. Ping pong tables, hammocks, nap-inviting mattresses, colorful parasols, and fruity cocktails are the perfect ingredients to spend a good moment with friends. This is definitely one of the must-do rooftop bars in Paris!
Opening hours: from 11 am to 11.30 pm from Monday to Friday, from 12 pm to 11 pm on Saturdays and from 5 pm to 11.30 pm on Sundays.
Book your stay at Hotel Mama Shelter Paris!
Located in an old train station of La Petite Ceinture of Paris, Auteuil Brasserie proposes a sunny and green terrace to enjoy your favorite drink with the best Italian cuisine. This is one of the best terraces in Paris, a place combining tradition and modern decoration with perfection. Brasserie Auteuil is the kind of relaxing place where, sun or rain, we could spend all our weekend. Aaah . . "la dolce vita" also exists in Paris! If you want to eat at Brasserie Auteuil, we recommend booking in advance.
Opening hours: every day from 9 am to 2 am.
Perchoir Gare de l'Est is one of our favorite Paris rooftop bars and one of the best rooftops in Paris for people on a budget. We love its arty-industrial design and we love to see beautiful Gare de l'Est from another point of view, from its roof! The wall-spanning arched window at the entrance is very impressive and on the other side, we can see the quintessential Paris rooftops. The bar proposes cocktails, beers, some food and, of course, music.
Opening hours: from 6 pm to 1.30 am from Monday to Friday and from 4 pm to 1.30 am on Saturdays and Sundays.
Set on the rooftop of a parking lot of Paris Expo Porte de Versailles in Paris, Le Jardin Suspendu is the biggest green rooftop in France, with awesome panoramic views over Paris. Inaugurated in 2018, Le Jardin Suspendu became in a short time one of THE places to be in Paris in the summer for locals. With 3.500m2 there's a place for everything, from a food court to different bars, an open-air cinema and an eclectic program of music and other activities such as yoga, or gardening. Do we want to talk green? Le Jardin Suspendu, the largest vegetable rooftop in Paris, has been conceived as a bubble of greenery, with lemon trees, olive trees, Japanese maple, flowery bora trays, Delphinium, Penstemon, and a cactus garden. All perfect for a hedonistic green break far from the hustle and bustle of the city.
Did you like our favorite rooftop bars in Paris? What is your favorite one?
I love rooftop bars and I can't think of a better location to enjoy a few beverages than on a rooftop in Paris! These recommendations all look great. Galeries Lafayette's looks seriously awesome!
Saving this one! I love views of cities so I'm sure I'd enjoy rooftop bars in Paris. Hopefully I'm there mid next year!
All these rooftop bars look really lovely. The spirit and romance of Paris seems to run through them and the views are simply exhilarating. Somehow the icon of Paris, the Eiffel Tower seems to loom in the background in most cases. Love the spectacular city skylines.
Great idea for a post! I love the vivid contrast of the red umbrellas at Hotel Raphael. but for me, the LE ROOFTOP MOLITOR looks amazing. Did you get to have cocktails at each one of these? Very cool…. I'm jealous.
Oh wow these look totally amazing! Never got a chance to visit any of these rooftop bars when I was in Paris but will do next time!
Awesome!! This is a perfect escape from the busy hustle and bustle of Paris. The perfect combination of view, alcoholic drinks and good company! What else can you ask for!
Great suggestions! I wanted to try Galeries Lafayette's rooftop bar when I was in Paris, but didn't have a chance! I shopped way too much, haha. I'm hoping to return to Paris in the near future so I'm saving this post in my favorites. Thanks!
I absolutely love this post! I used to live in Paris and one of my favorite things to do was have lunch or drinks with a killer view. It's been 13 years since I lived there but I went back 2 years ago and felt like so many things had changed, of course. Next time I go, I'm taking your post as a guide so I can remember the best spots. The first place I'm going is Le Rooftop Molitor because it's so colorful and bright! Great post!
I love rooftop bars and am constantly looking out when I travel. All of these look so amazing! I loved Le Rooftop Molitor, especially. I would love to try at leat a few of these for sure. Thanks for sharing this great list!
I would love to spend time on every one of these gorgeous rooftop bars. Everything in Paris is always so beautiful. I would especially like to visit Auteuil Brasserie. How charming!
Wow, the views from all of these rooftops are gorgeous! What a stunning photo of Paris from the Galeries Lafayette Rooftop! I visited Paris way back when I was a poor University student so visiting rooftops in Paris was not top of mind at all.
Mama's Shelter looks most inviting with its decor, though I would love to go each of these, one by one, given a chance. Paris has endless surprises.
In the end, the best choice is to visit them all, isn't it? Totally agree with you!
I am totally obsessing with the cube bar!! How come I have not seen this place before??! Bookmarking this!
I love rooftop bars, especially when there's views of the Eiffel Tower! Galleries Lafayette's rooftop bar looks so pretty! I also really the look and sound of Auteuil Brasserie, but the ping pong tables, hammocks and sweet cocktails from Mama Shelter's have got my attention!
You are welcome Danik. We are here to inspire people and give them new ideas for their trips to Paris 😉 Have fun!


The season of all things spooky and trick or treating is almost upon us! We are back with another sewing tutorial and this time we are making the Trick or Treat Carry Along Bag! Great for storing candy, goodies and much more, this little bag is sure to be a hit this Halloween. We used the Dot Dot Boo! collection by Me & My Sister Designs for Moda Fabrics for our bag and we even have a complete Trick or Treat Carry Along Bag Kit with all the materials to make the bag!
And that's it! Be sure to grab your FREE Trick or Treat Carry Along Bag Pattern to get sewing. If you would like to make a bag just like ours, get the complete Trick or Treat Carry Along Bag Kit HERE!
We hope you decide to make your own Trick or Treat Carry Along Bag and if you do, be sure to hastag #TrickorTreatCarryAlongBag and tag us (@fatquartershop) so we can see and share your work.
Be sure to join us on Pinterest here and give us a follow! Save this adorable Trick or Treat Carry Along Bag on Pinterest to share with your friends or save for later!


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Will we be free?
Martyn Iles | February 21, 2018
Until last week, Sky News' Paul Murray supported the same-sex marriage campaign.
But the goodwill is fading. Speaking on his nightly program, Murray conceded what we have always forewarned: rainbow advocates are now asking for all protections for religious freedom to be "blown up."
That is, the scant protections that already exist. Not new ones.
Murray agrees that there are people in the activist parts of the rainbow movement who will force churches to marry same-sex couples and deny Christian schools the right to hire staff who share their faith.
"All of this, we were promised, was not up for grabs. But after they've got the victory, now it's time to keep rolling on." - Paul Murray
Submissions to the Ruddock Review prove all this and more.
The yes campaign has advocated for the complete removal of religious freedoms from discrimination laws. Christian schools, churches and religious organisations would not be able to employ staff or enrol members or students that share their faith.
The Rationalist Society argues for the same, adding that the "overwhelming" yes vote in the postal survey confirms that such "prejudice" is no longer acceptable in modern Australia.
They are far from alone, and they are not the most extreme.
The National Secular Lobby goes the farthest, arguing that the indoctrination of children into religious faiths is a "tragic consequence" of religious freedom protections in international law. They claim, "It now represents 'intellectual child abuse' to allow children to be taught Biblical myths…"
The Northern Territory may be the first to fall, with the Attorney-General's department currently undertaking a "modernisation" of their anti-discrimination laws which includes a complete review of all the religious freedoms they contain. Their discussion paper on the issue is ominous.
Christians are already getting in trouble with the law for living out the most basic tenets of their faith. These changes would make it worse.
Tasmania's discrimination laws have seen Christian pastor Campbell Markham and Catholic Archbishop Julian Porteous hauled before the Equal Opportunity Commission for publishing Christian teachings. Markham may soon be at the Tasmanian Supreme Court.
Flimsy protections for religious freedom have seen a Western Australian couple scrambling for justice since having their foster parenting application declined based on their Christian convictions.
Anti-Discrimination laws are currently being weaponised against faith-based schools in Victoria to force them to adopt radical transgender policies that contradict their beliefs.
Teaching the gospel, maintaining a Christian home, providing a Christian education to disciple the next generation. All these endeavours, and many more besides, are genuinely under threat.
We must fight to keep the doors open for the gospel, for the light of Christian witness, and for the voice of truth in our nation.
The Apostle Paul speaks of this type of religious freedom when he exhorts prayers for governments, "that we may lead a peaceful and quiet life, godly and dignified in every way." (1 Tim 2:2). A godly life must be one in which Christ's commands to do all these things are worked out, and to do so in peace means to do so under the protection of laws that reflect truth or grant religious freedom.
The purpose of such freedom is that all people may come to a knowledge of the truth. This, Paul says, is "good, and it is pleasing in the sight of God our Saviour..." (1 Tim 2:3-4).
As I've said in a previous blog, Paul and Timothy had precious little opportunity to complement prayers with political activism. By contrast, we can do so through the great gift of democracy. We must not squander the opportunity (but nor must we cease in prayer!)
ACL will continue to take up the fight for religious freedom, to be a voice for values, and to keep the doors open for truth and Christian witness in our nation.
Now that same-sex marriage is law, it is clear this is the next battlefront.
We will appear at the Ruddock Review on Friday and you can read our submission here.
But let me put out this call: if religious freedoms continue to be taken from us, we must stand firm, come what may. The laws of this land do not necessarily reflect God's truth or therefore what is right and wrong.
Perhaps we are moving into a time when the conclusion of the Apostles in Acts 5:29 is ever more relevant, "we must obey God rather than men."
Let's pray. Let's act. Let's be ready for anything.
Further reading: ACL's submission to the Ruddock Review.
Folau-ARU case settles - now let's settle religious freedom
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ACL welcomes Religious Discrimination Bill delay to protect freedoms
The Australian Christian Lobby welcomes the Prime Minister's announcement today that religious freedom reforms will be delayed, allowing Australian faith...


At the core of any gaming kit is (IMHO) one thing, dice […] But what to carry them in? How about an All Rolled Up (ARU), which Liz reviewed recently? Having just purchased the one pictured I can also now attest to both the quality of the product and the service (I ordered Monday afternoon and received it on the Thursday).


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DAC 6 – Reporting of Cross Border Arrangements
On November 17, the Commissioner for Revenue published the DAC6 XML Schema and the DAC6 XML Schema User Guide, which shall be used by taxpayers and intermediaries for filing information in relation to reportable cross-border arrangements.
This obligation stems from the Council Directive (EU) 2018/822 ('DAC6') , which was implemented into the Maltese legislation by the virtue of the legal notice L.N. 342 of 2019 which amended subsidiary legislation S.L. 123.127. Based on this legislation intermediaries and taxpayers when entering into or advising on cross border arrangements involving EU states will have to observe formalities in relation to appropriate reporting and (if necessary) disclosure.
Due to the ongoing pandemic, earlier this year in July, the Commissioner for Revenue has granted an extension of 6 months (through the L.N. 315 of 2020) for the start of the reporting period. In its turn the relevant guidelines will be published in the course of upcoming weeks.
How did the pandemic hit different sectors?
The covid 19 pandemic has been with us for over two years now and it...
Companies Act: What amendments are being proposed?
The Government of Malta has recently published Bill No. 233 which proposes a number of...
Impact of the Government Voucher Scheme
In 2020 the Maltese government issued 2.23 million, €20 vouchers. Out of these 2.23 million...
Reporting obligations of Tax Intermediaries
The Office of the CfR has announced an update to the upcoming reporting deadlines which...
Malta`s tax treaty with Russia: published amendments
Earlier this year it was announced that the tax treaty between Malta and Russia will...
Unemployment figures defy the odds and register a 2nd consecutive decline
Registered unemployment has been on the decline for 2 consecutive months. In view of this,...
Malta and Russia agreed to amend the taxation treaty
On the 14th of August the government of Malta and Russia reached an agreement in...
Malta and Switzerland signed the protocol of amendment to the DTA
On July 16, 2020 Malta and Switzerland signed a protocol amending the existing agreement for...
Analysis – latest unemployment figures as COVID continues to impact
The number of persons registering for work during the month of May increased by 2,740...
Malta`s tax treaty with Russia: published amendmentsConsumer Confidence in Malta


New health secretary Andrew Lansley has pledged to call a halt to the mass shift of workload from hospitals into the community until GPs and patients have been consulted and the clinical evidence assessed.
But the reprieve is likely to be temporary, with Mr Lansley saying he would go even further than the previous government's plans for £20 billion of NHS efficiency savings.
Mr Lansley has surrounded himself with arch critics of polyclinics and of the handling to date of the drive for efficiency savings carried out to date by NHS managers.
New Tory health minister Simon Burns has campaigned against the rollout of Darzi centres, calling them a threat to local GP services, while Liberal Democrat Paul Burstow, also made health minister, has demanded the Government force NHS managers to publish a report by US consultancy McKinsey, used as evidence for the workload shift.
Independent research from trusts in London has now questioned the ability of polysystems to cope.
However, he also warned the Conservative-Liberal coalition may ultimately bring in even greater efficiency cuts in NHS spending than the £15-20bn already ordered under the previous Government.
Mr Lansley said the sort of increases in spending seen under the previous government were 'not sustainable for the future', but that efficiencies would be reinvested to ensure NHS spending rose faster than inflation.
Mr Burns, MP for West Chelmsford, was a member of the House of Commons Health Select Committee from 1999 to 2005 and was shadow minister for health.
Mr Burstow, MP for Sutton and Cheam, has been a member of the House of Commons Health Select Committee since July 2005 and is co-chair of the All-Party Parliamentary Group for Primary Care and Public Health.


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