text:
I Beer Money, Inc. (spesso abbreviato in Beer Money) sono stati un tag team di wrestling attivo in TNA e costituito da Robert Roode e James Storm.
Questo team detiene il record di cinque titoli TNA World Tag Team Championship vinti ed il più longevo regno di campioni (212 giorni) e nel periodo tra il 2008 ed il 2009 furono accompagnati da Jacqueline, in passato già valletta di James Storm.

Preludio a Beer, Money Inc.
James Storm e Robert Roode avevano già collaborato in diverse occasioni dopo la fine dell'esistenza dei loro precedenti team (America's Most Wanted Storm, Team Canada Roode) ma fu solo verso l'inizio dell'estate del 2008 che i due formarono questo nuovo tag team ed in un episodio di Impact Wrestling (il 26 giugno 2008) sfidarono i LAX (Homicide ed Hernandez) per il titolo TNA World Tag Team Championship e dove dapprima ebbero il sopravvento sugli avversari grazie ad un superkick (sul cui proprio stivale Storm aveva avvolto una cintura prima di colpire) contro Hernandez e gesto per cui, una volta che l'arbitro ne fu informato (dal manager dei LAX Hector Guerrero), si decise di ripetere il match che fu disputato al Victory Road e dove utilizzarono per la prima volta il nome Beer Money, Inc. in un "Fan's Revenge" Lumberjack match e match da cui ne uscirono sconfitti.

Total Nonstop Action Wrestling

Primi tre titoli TNA World Tag Team Championship (2008 - 2009)

A Hard Justice sconfissero Homicide ed Hernandez conquistando il titolo per la prima volta e titolo che difesero contro gli stessi messicani a No Surrender.
Nella puntata di Impact! di due settimane dopo vinsero un 6-man tag team match e costrinsero Hector Guerrero a lasciare la stable dei LAX ed a Bound for Glory IV difesero il titolo in un Monster's Ball match contro il tag team di Matt Morgan ed Abyss, il Team 3D e gli stessi i LAX.
Persero i titoli il 16 dicembre 2008 sconfitti da Jay Lethal e Consequences Creed e dopo che Lethal vinse la possibilità di sfidarli al Feast or Fired.

Al Genesis 2009 sconfissero i campioni in carica (Lethal e Creed) in un Three-way tag team match dove parteciparono anche Abyss e Matt Morgan vincendo così il titolo TNA World Tag Team Championship per la seconda volta.
Nell'episodio del 19 febbraio i partecipano ad un segmento del programma chiamato "Off the Wagon Challenge" dove la stipulazione del match con cui ogni coppia di lottatori potesse sfidarli dovesse prevedere il rilascio di quest'ultimo dalla federazione se fosse stato schienato o sottomesso in caso di sconfitta e così, dopo che i primi sfidanti furono sconfitti (erano Eric Young e Petey Williams), fu Williams ad essere rilasciato.
I successivi sfidanti furono "The Rock 'n Rave Infection" (Lance Rock e Jimmy Rave) e fu Rock ad essere schienato. Nell'episodio del 5 marzo furono sfidati dai LAX che però persero il match per squalifica e dopo il match il Team 3D salva i LAX da un pestaggio ed annuncia che avrebbero sfidato i Beer, Money Inc. al successivo Lockdown.
A Lockdown furono sconfitti da Brother Ray e Brother Devon (il Team 3D) in un Winner Takes All Philadelphia Street Fight match sia per i titoli TNA World Tag Team Championship che per i titoli IWGP Tag Team Championship.

Nell'episodio del 21 maggio aiutano il Team 3D contro The British Invasion (Doug Williams, Brutus Magnus e la loro guardia del corpo Rob Terry e stringono le mani di Ray e Devon per il loro turn face ed accettano la loro offerta al "Team 3D Invitational Tag Team Tournament" per ottenere una title shot al titolo di coppia da loro detenuto e torneo dove Storm e Roode giungono in finale e sconfiggono The British Invasion al Sacrifice.

A Slammiversary i Beer, Money Inc. sconfiggono il Team 3D in un Tag team match e vincono il titolo TNA World Tag Team Championship per la terza volta e due settimane dopo Booker T e Scott Steiner (membri della The Main Event Mafia (MEM) ottengono il diritto di sfidare i Beer, money Inc. sconfiggendo il Team 3D in un match in cui la stipulazione lo prevedeva e così dopo un tag team match al Victory Road Storm e Roode perdono match titolo a favore dei due membri della stable del Main Event Mafia.

La faida apertasi tra The Main Event Mafia, il Team 3D, i Beer, money Inc. e The British Invasion duro per circa tre mesi e dove Storm e Roode persero la possibilità di vincere i titoli IWGP Tag Team Championship ad Hard Justice contro The British Invasion, vinsero un Lethal Lockdown match al No Surrender (in coppia con il Team 3D e contro la MEM e The British Invasion ed al Bound for Glory perdono la possibilità di vincere sia il titolo TNA World Tag Team Championship che IWGP Tag Team Championship in un Full Metal Mayhem match che disputano a fianco della MEM e con la possibilità di sfidare i nuovi detentori del titolo (The British Invasion) in uno Six Sides of Steel match ad un successivo episodio di Impact! e dove Brutus Magnus colpì l'arbitro subendo una squalifica ed impedendo che i Beer, Money Inc. potessero vincere.
Nel novembre dello stesso anno Storm e Roode sconfiggono The British Invasion in un match non titolato per unirsi ai Motor City Machine Guns e disputere un match valido per il titolo al successivo Turning Point.
Al Turning Point The British Invasion convince la dirigenza della federazione a spostare James Storm verso un match da disputare singolo e dove fosse in palio il titolo TNA Global Championship ed al Genesis tornati insieme sconfiggono The Band (Kevin Nash e Syxx-Pac).

Beer, Money Inc. e la stable Fortune (2010)

Con l'arrivo di Hulk Hogan ed Eric Bischoff nella dirigenza della in TNA il tempo televisivo dei Beer, Money Inc. in televisione fu significativamente ridotto e nell'edizione dell'8 marzo 2010 di Impact! (e come unico modo per continuare ad essere considerati dalla nuova dirigenza) fecero un turn heel sfidando e sconfiggendo Jeff Jarrett in un handicap match.
Al Destination X i Beer Money sfidarono e persero un tag team match valido per i titoli di coppia contro Matt Morgan ed Hernandez ed al successivo Lockdown insieme a Sting e Desmond Wolfe rappresentarono il Team Flair nel tradizionale Lethal Lockdown match e dove furono sconfitti dal Team Hogan (Abyss, Jeff Jarrett, Rob Van Dam e Jeff Hardy) prima di intraprendere una faida contro Jeff Hardy e Mr. Anderson già conosciuti come The Enigmatic Assholes e da cui furono sconfitti a Slammiversary VIII.

Nell'edizione di Impact! successiva Ric Flair annunciò l'intenzione di rifondare la stable dei Four Horsemen con i Beer, Money Inc., A.J. Styles, Desmond Wolfe e Kazarian dandogli il nome di Fortune e dicendo a Storm e Roode di dover diventare gli Ole Anderson e Tully Blanchard del gruppo e dopo che il titolo di coppia fu reso vacante nel mese di giugno i due parteciparono al torneo bandito per trovare gli sfidanti al titolo detenuto dai Motor City Machine Guns (MCMG) sconfiggendo prima contro il Team 3D ed in seguito il team Ink Inc. (Jesse Neal e Shannon Moore) ma perdendo poi il match decisivo al Victory Road contro i detentori e campioni (MCMG) e che comunque gli permise di entrare in una Best of Five Series trasmessa negli episodi di Impact! successivi e dove (e sempre contro i MCMG) vinsero il primo match (un Ladder match), il secondo (uno Street Fight match) dopo aver colpito gli avversari con delle bottiglie di birra ma persero il terzo (uno steel cage match ed il quarto (Ultimate X match e nell'episodio del 19 agosto furono sconfitti in un 2 out of 3 falls tag team match perdendo quindi i "Migliori da una serie di cinque incontri" (Best of Five Series) per due vittorie a tre.
Nella stessa serata alla stable fortune furono aggiunti Douglas Williams e Matt Morgan prima di aprire una faida con gli Extreme Version 2.0 (EV2) (una stable proveniente dalla federazione Extreme Championship Wrestling e che al Bound for Glory sconfisse la Fortune (compresi Storm e Roode) in un Lethal Lockdown match. Nel seguente episodio di Impact! la fortune strinse un'alleanza con la stable Immortal ed al Turning Point sconfissero gli EV2 in un ten-man tag team match e poiché la stipulazione del match prevedeva che dalla stable perdente si sarebbe dovuto licenziare un componente Ric Flair (il capo della Fortune) decise di licenziare Sabu.

Quarto titolo TNA World Tag Team Championship e scioglimento (2011)

Al Final Resolution i Beer, Money Inc. tornano a concentrarsi sul titolo di coppia (il TNA World Tag Team Championship) e vincono il match per determinare i Number One Contender contro Ink Inc. e nel gennaio 2011 al Genesis sconfiggono i campioni in carica (i Motor City Machine Guns) vincendo per la quarta volta il titolo TNA World Tag Team Championship.
Il 31 gennaio la Fortune fece un turn face interferendo nel match valido per il TNA World Heavyweight Championship fra Mr. Anderson e Jeff Hardy ma Ric Flair (che non fu presente nello spettacolo in cui ciò avvenne) rimase heel ed il 17 febbraio passò con gli Immortal.
Al Lockdown la Fortune (con Christopher Daniels, Kazarian ed i Beer, Money Inc.) sconfisse gli Immortal (con Ric Flair, Abyss, Bully Ray e Matt Hardy) in un Lethal Lockdown match ed al Sacrifice sconfiggono (mantenendo il titolo di coppia) Chris Harris e Matt Hardy. Due settimane più tardi Roode subisce un attacco da parte di Eric Bischoff e si infortuna una spalla e così allo Slammiversary IX solo James Storm può difendere il titolo di coppia che, come partner sceglie Alex Shelley e, con il nome di "Gun Money" (da Motor City Machine Guns e Beer, Money Inc.) vincono il match difendendo il titolo contro 'The British Invasion' (Douglas Williams e Magnus) che facevano parte degli Immortal (il team di Bischoff!).
Roode torna a combattere nell'episodio del 23 giugno dove in un match senza stipulazioni del titolo e con Storm vengono sconfitti da Matt Morgan e Crimson e così il 13 luglio diventano il tag team con il regno più lungo della storia della TNA superando i 184 giorni del precedente record di A.J. Styles e Tomko nel 007.
Ad Hardcore Justice difendono il titolo sconfiggendo Mexican America (Anarquia ed Hernandez) e due giorni dopo in un rematch perdono il titolo totalizzando il record di 212 giorni di regno.

Da giugno a settembre dello stesso anno Storm e Roode partecipano alle Bound for Glory Series indette per determinare il contendente numero uno al titolo TNA World Heavyweight Championship e quando la prima fase del torneo finisce entrambi si ritrovano nelle prime quattro posizioni della classifica ed ottenendo il diritto di partecipare alle semifinali del No Surrender e dove Strom (sconfitto da Bully Ray) viene eliminato e Roode (vincente contro Gunner) disputa e vince la finale con uno schienamento su Bully Ray.

Al Bound for Glory e dove disputò il match per il titolo di campione del mondo (TNA World Heavyweight Championship) Roode viene sconfitto per schienamento dal detentore Kurt Angle pur nonostante avesse avuto un braccio appoggiato ad una corda (l'arbitro non lo vide) e nel successivo episodio di Impact Wrestling e dopo che fu rivelato che Roode non era eleggibile per un match di rivincita Sting (l'allora delegato a prendere queste decisioni) decise di dare la prossima Title shot a Storm (proprio il suo compagno di tag team) il quale riusci a sconfiggere Angle ed a vincere il suo primo titolo del mondo.
Nell'episodio del 3 novembre Roode sconfigge Storm e vince il titolo dopo averlo colpito con la sua stessa bottiglia di birra e sancendo così la fine del tag team Beer, Money Inc.

Apparizioni occasionali (2013–2014)
Storm e Roode si riuniscono dopo due anni il 4 dicembre 2013 (evento trasmesso il 2 gennaio 2014 in una puntata di Impact Wrestling e sconfiggono Kurt Angle and Gunner ed il due febbraio lottano anche nel TNA One Night Only Joker's Wild dove vengono sconfitti da The Wolves.

Ritorno dei Beer Money e quinto titolo TNA World Tag Team Championship (2016)
Durante la puntata di Impact Wrestling su POP TV del 05 Gennaio 2016, il duo formato da Bobby Roode e James Storm ha riformato Beer Money dopo che Storm ha fatto il suo ritorno a sorpresa in TNA per salvare lo stesso Roode dall'attacco di Bram ed Eric Young ed il 26 gennaio Storm vince la valigetta del Feast or Fired contenente la possibilità di sfidare i detentori del titolo TNA World Tag Team Championship ed il 31 gennaio sconfiggono The Wolves vincendo il titolo per la quinta volta.

Perdono il titolo il 19 marzo 2016 contro Decay (Abyss e Crazzy Steve.

Nei giorni successivi Bobby Roode lascia la TNA sciogliendo definitivamente il team.

Partecipazione in altre federazioni (2009–2011)

Musica d'entrata
 Sorry About Your Damn Luck, theme di Storm;
 Take a Fall (Instrumental Version), theme di Roode nei primi tempi;
 Take a Fall, 2010-2011.

Manager
 Ric Flair

Valletta
 Jacqueline Moore

Titoli e riconoscimenti

Total Nonstop Action Wrestling
 TNA World Heavyweight Championship (3, Storm(1) Roode(2))
 TNA World Tag Team Championship (5)
 Team 3D Invitational Tag Team Tournament (2009)
 TNA Tag Team Championship Series (2010)

Pro Wrestling Illustrated
 Tag Team of the Year

Note

Altri progetti

Collegamenti esterni

Tag team e stable di Impact Wrestling


text:
World America 26 Mar 2016 Stigmatising Muslims ...
World, America
Stigmatising Muslims 'plays into hands' of jihadists: Barack Obama
Published Mar 26, 2016, 4:42 pm IST
Updated Mar 26, 2016, 4:42 pm IST
In his weekly media address, Obama said Muslim-Americans are 'our most important partners in the nation's fight against jihad.
US Preseident Barack Obama. (Photo: AP)
Washington: President Barack Obama on Saturday urged Americans not to stigmatise Muslims following this week's deadly attacks in Brussels, saying that doing so is "counterproductive" in the fight against radical Islam.
In his weekly media address, Obama said Muslim-Americans are "our most important partners in the nation's fight against those who would wage violent jihad.
"That's why we have to reject any attempt to stigmatise Muslim-Americans, and their enormous contributions to our country and our way of life," Obama said.
"Such attempts are contrary to our character, to our values, and to our history as a nation built around the idea of religious freedom. It's also counterproductive," he said.
"It plays right into the hands of terrorists who want to turn us against one another -- who need a reason to recruit more people to their hateful cause."
Obama made his remarks as the global community continues to reel from Tuesday's attacks in Belgium, claimed by the Islamic State group, which killed 31 dead, including two Americans, and wounded 300.
"At least 14 Americans were injured, and we pray for their full recovery, along with everyone else affected by these attacks," Obama said.
The remarks by the Democratic president follow controversial statements in the wake of the Brussels bombings by the two top Republicans vying to succeed him in the White House.
Texas Senator Ted Cruz demanded this week that police "patrol and secure" Muslim neighbourhoods in the US in the aftermath of the Brussels attacks, and reiterated an earlier call to suspend the relocation of Syrian refugees to the country.
Donald Trump, meanwhile, repeated his demand for the government to temporarily bar all Muslims from entering the US.
The billionaire real estate baron first called for a ban on entry into the US by Muslims back in December, following a deadly shooting attack in San Bernardino, California.
Tags: barack obama, jihad, islamic state, united states
Latest From World
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Two Indians, one Pakistani killed in UAE drone attack
US sees highest rate of children COVID-19 hospitalizations
More From America
Discussions underway for WHO approval for Corbevax COVID-19 vaccine
US waives in-person interviews for range of visas, including H-1B, for 2022: Dept
Omicron cases are hitting highs, but new data puts end in sight
US urges COVID boosters starting at age 12 to fight Omicron

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Current weather conditions in Ras Al Khaimah (RAK) and a 5-day forecast are shown below.
The current temperature in Ras Al Khaimah right now is 77°F (25°C).
The current wind speed is around 1 mph (light air). The wind is blowing from the north. The visibility today is good. You should be able to see places as far as 6 miles (10 km) away. Humidity now is around 53%.
Page updated on April 19, 2019 at 7:00 pm UTC (Coordinated Universal Time).
Readings taken on April 19, 2019 at 11:00 pm (Ras Al Khaimah time).
A 5-day weather forecast for Ras Al Khaimah is shown in the table below.
The weather forecast for Ras Al Khaimah is based on data measured at the weather station shown on the map below. The weather in other areas of Ras Al Khaimah may vary slightly.


text:
Q: Finding certain data frames in a list and combining those data frames I have a list of 26 data frames called score.list and I have written a code that tells me which data frames are not complete. So this code gives me the name of the data frame within the list, but it doesn't tell me the index of the data frame in the list.
Example... the code tells me that a data frame named p08 and another data frame named p18 are not complete. Therefore, they need to combined with whichever data frame that follows after these. So if the data frame named p08 is score.list[[8]], then it should be combined with score.list[[9]]. It should replace [[8]] with the newly made data frame then score.list[[9]] should be deleted from the list.
I'm guessing something like the code below may work to combine & replace a data frame... I'm not sure if the following code works..
score.list[[8]] <- rbind(score.list[[8]], score.list[[9]])

This is what I tried doing... but didn't exactly work because it didn't make a new data frame after combining it. And I get this error message:
Error in if (names(score.list[i]) == names(score.list[i + 1])) { :
  missing value where TRUE/FALSE needed

for(i in 1:length(score.list)){
  if(names(score.list[i])==names(score.list[i+1])) {
    a <- score.list[i]
    b <- score.list[i+1]
    score.list[[i]] <- rbind(a, b)
    print(score.list[[i]])
  }
}

Reason I wrote if(names(score.list[i]==names(score.list[i+1])) as that is because the names of the data frames that need to be combined together are the same in the list. The data frame that is not complete has the same name as the one that follows it. So name of the data frame score.list[[8]] is same as the name of the data frame score.list[[9]].
Please let me know if there are confusing parts.. I tried to write it as clear as I can. Thank you!

A: This should help you :
## a list example
score.list <-
list(l1= data.frame(x=1),
     l2=data.frame(x=2),
     l3= data.frame(x=3))
## use %in% to select some elements
## here I am selecting list l1 and l3
do.call(rbind,
   score.list[names(score.list) %in% c('l1','l3')])

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Geometry Guided Construction of Earliest Known Temple, Built 6,000 Years Before Stonehenge
posted by Fnord666 on Saturday May 16 2020, @12:03PM
from the did-they-file-a-permit? dept.
upstart writes in with an IRC submission for carny:
Geometry guided construction of earliest known temple, built 6,000 years before Stonehenge:
The sprawling 11,500-year-old stone Göbekli Tepe complex in southeastern Anatolia, Turkey, is the earliest known temple in human history and one of the most important discoveries of Neolithic research.
Researchers at Tel Aviv University and the Israel Antiquities Authority have now used architectural analysis to discover that geometry informed the layout of Göbekli Tepe's impressive round stone structures and enormous assembly of limestone pillars, which they say were initially planned as a single structure.
Three of the Göbekli Tepe's monumental round structures, the largest of which are 20 meters in diameter, were initially planned as a single project, according to researchers Gil Haklay of the Israel Antiquities Authority, a Ph.D. candidate at Tel Aviv University, and Prof. Avi Gopher of TAU's Department of Archaeology and Ancient Near Eastern Civilizations. They used a computer algorithm to trace aspects of the architectural design processes involved in the construction of these enclosures in this early Neolithic site.
Their findings were published in Cambridge Archaeological Journal in May.
[...] Discovered by German archaeologist Dr. Klaus Schmidt in 1994, Göbekli Tepe has since been the subject of hot archaeological debate. But while these, and other early Neolithic remains, have been intensively studied, the issue of architectural planning during these periods and its cultural ramifications have not.
Most researchers have made the case that the Göbekli Tepe enclosures at the main excavation area were constructed over time. However, Haklay and Prof. Gopher say that three of the structures were designed as a single project and according to a coherent geometric pattern.
[...] "This case of early architectural planning may serve as an example of the dynamics of cultural changes during the early parts of the Neolithic period," Haklay says. "Our findings suggest that major architectural transformations during this period, such as the transition to rectangular architecture, were knowledge-based, top-down processes carried out by specialists.
"The most important and basic methods of architectural planning were devised in the Levant in the Late Epipaleolithic period as part of the Natufian culture and through the early Neolithic period. Our new research indicates that the methods of architectural planning, abstract design rules and organizational patterns were already being used during this formative period in human history."
Next, the researchers intend to investigate the architectural remains of other Neolithic sites throughout the Levant.
More information:Gil Haklay et al, Geometry and Architectural Planning at Göbekli Tepe, Turkey, Cambridge Archaeological Journal (2020). DOI: 10.1017/S0959774319000660
Geometry Guided Construction of Earliest Known Temple, Built 6,000 Years Before Stonehenge | Log In/Create an Account | Top | 66 comments | Search Discussion
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butbutbut butbutbut (Score: -1, Offtopic) by Anonymous Coward on Saturday May 16 2020, @01:06PM (17 children)
by Anonymous Coward on Saturday May 16 2020, @01:06PM (#994971)
Clearly we can see that the history of women's oppression begins with the invention of mathematics. All math is patriarchal, as can be seen in that rape manual Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica. Maths were invented for the sole purpose of preventing women's full participation in society by hiding the levers of power behind a gibberish of symbols that bear no relation to menstruation and childbirth. See how terrified men are of menstruation that they have to force on women a secret code with arbitrary, capricious rules that could only possibly make sense to a incomplete, inferior beings without menstruation. Women would have accumulated private property like mad if not for maths!
Re:butbutbut Re:butbutbut (Score: 0) by Anonymous Coward on Saturday May 16 2020, @01:33PM (12 children)
Wow. Something triggered you and sent you into an offtopic rage. Who knows what. Asperger's FTW, I guess.
Another inferior being terrified of menstruation. Maths cause the autism spectrum disorders with their male energies, which are infused into vaccines forced on us by male "science." Only women are capable of creating life. Men use their maths and science to create destruction and death.
Re:butbutbut Re:butbutbut (Score: 4, Insightful) by Runaway1956 on Saturday May 16 2020, @02:04PM (10 children)
by Runaway1956 (2926) on Saturday May 16 2020, @02:04PM (#994987) Homepage Journal
So, uhhhhhmmmmm, lemme think about this.
Women can be judged by their ability to procreate. Everything else is nonsense. A fertile woman is a real woman, and less fertile women are lesser women, and an infertile woman is no woman at all.
Sounds like you're the greatest mysogenist of all time!! If the bitch won't put out, she needs to die? And, if she doesn't give you babby, then she's just a worthless bitch?
If I've misunderstood you, you really need to do some 'splainin', Lucy.
Taking bets: When does Biden's approval rating reach 15%?
Re:butbutbut Re:butbutbut (Score: 0) by Anonymous Coward on Saturday May 16 2020, @02:40PM (9 children)
My aunt explained menstruation to me when I woke up one day with blood all over my bed terrified I was dying of some disease and bleeding out. Since then I've given birth to 5 children, and I have another on the way. I can feel her kicking inside of me. You'll never know what it is to have new life growing inside of you. What have you done other than foment some kind of "boogaloo?" Violence and death is all that men are capable of.
Your moral relativity will lead you to absurdities like the idea that Bradley Manning is somehow a woman. He's a rapist just like the rest of you.
Re:butbutbut (Score: 3, Touché) by Runaway1956 on Saturday May 16 2020, @03:09PM
Ho-hum.
Maybe women like you should make your own country somewhere, and keep all the men out.
Re:butbutbut Re:butbutbut (Score: 1) by khallow on Saturday May 16 2020, @03:22PM (7 children)
by khallow (3766) on Saturday May 16 2020, @03:22PM (#995011) Journal
My aunt explained menstruation to me when I woke up one day with blood all over my bed
Right. And I'm an otherkin glen dragon with iridescent, purple scales. Watch me preen! Preen khallow preen!
See how men deride and deny the powers of life that women possess. Observe the horror of feminine fertility men feel when confronted with menstruation and pregnancy. Your kind seeks to keep menstruation a secret to give yourselves power over vulnerable, young girls and to intimidate women who dare to talk about their reproductive organs.
Us men will dare to invent artificial wombs and seize the means of production.
Re:butbutbut Re:butbutbut (Score: -1, Flamebait) by Anonymous Coward on Saturday May 16 2020, @07:20PM (3 children)
Only an inferior being who is incapable of creating new life would compare wombs to "means of production." That perfectly explains the problem. You think of women as property, and you objectify our bodies as property, believing your misogynist idols of science and geometry could possibly describe or contain the power of the womb. Science and geometry exist solely to expropriate what is rightfully ours.
Re:butbutbut Re:butbutbut (Score: 0) by Anonymous Coward on Saturday May 16 2020, @08:10PM (1 child)
Ohohoho, you sound confident in your position. And yet, science will indeed expropriate the power of the sacred femynyne. You can not stop it.
Re:butbutbut (Score: 0) by Anonymous Coward on Sunday May 17 2020, @02:44AM
by Anonymous Coward on Sunday May 17 2020, @02:44AM (#995225)
Science will never succeed in raping women's precious bodily fluids. Have you ever seen a scientist drink a glass of water?
i am jill's womb (Score: 1, Touché) by Anonymous Coward on Sunday May 17 2020, @03:47PM
by Anonymous Coward on Sunday May 17 2020, @03:47PM (#995384)
So much hot air out of a talking body part.
Maybe try using the body part between your ears next time.
Re:butbutbut (Score: 0) by Anonymous Coward on Monday May 18 2020, @09:21AM
by Anonymous Coward on Monday May 18 2020, @09:21AM (#995656)
I've heard it called a lot of things but "seize the means of production" is a new one. Stop it or you'll go blind.
Re:butbutbut Re:butbutbut (Score: 2, Informative) by Anonymous Coward on Saturday May 16 2020, @01:50PM (1 child)
It is my experience that men who get triggered by women demanding equal rights, equal representation, recognition of the way they have been historically opressed, and acknowledgement of their contribution to humanity, are usually very insecure in their own masculinity.
Comment Below Threshold
Re:butbutbut (Score: -1, Offtopic) by Anonymous Coward on Saturday May 16 2020, @01:54PM
It is my experience and that of everyone who has ever met you that you are a twat.
Re:butbutbut Re:butbutbut (Score: 1, Offtopic) by inertnet on Saturday May 16 2020, @02:12PM (1 child)
by inertnet (4071) on Saturday May 16 2020, @02:12PM (#994989)
And it all began millions of years ago, when lobsters started multiplying.
Re:butbutbut (Score: 1, Offtopic) by BsAtHome on Saturday May 16 2020, @02:16PM
by BsAtHome (889) on Saturday May 16 2020, @02:16PM (#994991)
I blame single cell organisms. They had the guts to form communities and multiply out of control into more or less functional blobs. How dare they multiply! We'd all be better off without them. We must turn back the clock.
Göbekli Tepe Göbekli Tepe (Score: 5, Interesting) by Phoenix666 on Saturday May 16 2020, @02:16PM (46 children)
by Phoenix666 (552) on Saturday May 16 2020, @02:16PM (#994992) Journal
Archaeologists generally suppose that the invention of agriculture led to the creation of sedentary dwellings, which became cities. It is hard to tend your crops if you're off following the buffalo (gazelles? wild sheep?) instead of living next to your field. Göbekli Tepe, however, rather pre-dates agriculture in that area. The cultures there at that time were thought to be semi-nomadic pastoralists. So how did they come to build such a sophisticated site as Göbekli Tepe? It's an enigma.
More curiously, it's not the only such example. There was a story recently about a similar complex [ancient-origins.net] built out of mammoth bones in what is Russia today. It's 25,000 years old. In other words, people who definitely didn't have agriculture and hadn't even developed pastoralism still invested the time and effort to erect such large, complicated structures they surely wouldn't inhabit more than part of the time.
Both sites suggest spiritual motives that drove their construction despite the physical difficulty and inconvenience of doing so.
A lot of our thinking across disciplines in modern times has tacitly adopted the material dialectic, to borrow a term from Marx. Tools, structures, and our material reality determine the shape of our societies and human behavior. Göbekli Tepe and Kostenski in Russia stand as evidence for the contrary that what we believe is more powerful than what we have.
Re:Göbekli Tepe Re:Göbekli Tepe (Score: 3, Interesting) by inertnet on Saturday May 16 2020, @02:41PM (2 children)
Maybe specialization played a role before agriculture became common. Specialized hunter groups could have killed many mammoths during part of the year, depending on seasons. At times of plenty, they could have made a mammoth bone structure out of pride, to show off their accomplishments. Much like contemporary men leaving many empty beer bottles on a table. Or maybe to please the gods in the hope that they will bring many mammoths again next year. People probably interpreted meager years as signs that the gods were unhappy.
Re:Göbekli Tepe Re:Göbekli Tepe (Score: 3, Interesting) by HiThere on Saturday May 16 2020, @04:48PM (1 child)
by HiThere (866) on Saturday May 16 2020, @04:48PM (#995039) Journal
That's rather unlikely. Mammoths would be dangerous to kill, and the only obvious way to kill lots of them with primitive weapons is something like driving them off a cliff by starting a grass fire. People *did* do things like that, but this probably isn't near a cliff.
OTOH, mammoths probably occasionally stampeded, and they might have preferred to avoid mammoth death sites, as elephants today avoid obvious elephant death sited. So that would explain one or two of the skeletons. And people have a tendency to say "more is better", which could explain the others. I'm not guessing about *why* people camped near mammoth skeletons, just that the ones with that custom tended to survive better. So if they had a belief that "it's good luck to camp near a mammoth skeleton", that would explain getting as many as possible near your camp site. And you don't need to explain *why* they though it was good luck if it actually was beneficial.
As to why they would camp there originally...well, killing a mammoth is dangerous, and it's too heavy to cart back to camp. Much easier to bring the camp to the mammoth. And a mammoth is temporary wealth to the entire tribe. (Not that temporary, as the bones can be made into very useful tools.)
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Re:Göbekli Tepe (Score: 0) by Anonymous Coward on Saturday May 16 2020, @05:31PM
I mean... or maybe mammoths did as elephants do, and had graveyards? Which the humans raided for bones?
Re:Göbekli Tepe Re:Göbekli Tepe (Score: 3, Interesting) by legont on Saturday May 16 2020, @02:51PM (29 children)
by legont (4179) on Saturday May 16 2020, @02:51PM (#995002)
I don't think "inconvenience" is the right word. Those days life was easy - just kill a mammoth and eat it for a week - so free time management was necessary. Economists call the issue "extra capacity" that have to be managed by the rulers or bad things will happen.
"Wealth is the relentless enemy of understanding" - John Kenneth Galbraith.
Re:Göbekli Tepe Re:Göbekli Tepe (Score: 3, Informative) by RandomFactor on Saturday May 16 2020, @03:08PM (15 children)
by RandomFactor (3682) on Saturday May 16 2020, @03:08PM (#995007) Journal
I don't think "inconvenience" is the right word. Those days life was easy - just kill a mammoth and eat it for a week - so free time management was necessary.
I'm not going to cop to 'easy' (hey, sometimes the mammoth wins...) but the average foraging time of Agta hunter/gatherers [sciencedaily.com] is about 20hrs/wk, which makes me a little jealous.
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Re:Göbekli Tepe Re:Göbekli Tepe (Score: 1) by khallow on Saturday May 16 2020, @03:24PM (8 children)
My average forage time is about one hour a week.
Re:Göbekli Tepe Re:Göbekli Tepe (Score: 0) by Anonymous Coward on Saturday May 16 2020, @03:58PM (3 children)
You replaced forage time with employment.
Re:Göbekli Tepe (Score: 3, Funny) by Anonymous Coward on Saturday May 16 2020, @04:37PM
Too complex for him - you just have to mod him down and move on.
Re:Göbekli Tepe (Score: 1) by RandomFactor on Saturday May 16 2020, @05:11PM
Hmmm, that may actually have been more about time spent raiding the refrigerator :-P
Re:Göbekli Tepe (Score: 1) by khallow on Saturday May 16 2020, @05:16PM
Why? I do a lot more with employment than merely forage.
Re:Göbekli Tepe Re:Göbekli Tepe (Score: 2) by Arik on Saturday May 16 2020, @04:43PM (3 children)
by Arik (4543) on Saturday May 16 2020, @04:43PM (#995037) Journal
So you're saying you only spend 1/40th of your income on necessities?
If laughter is the best medicine, who are the best doctors?
I guess what I'm saying is that like is not compared to like. Even counting the time I spend outside of work, I spend less than 20 hours per week on necessities, and I get a lot more value out of my necessities than a hunter/gatherer gets out of theirs.
Re:Göbekli Tepe Re:Göbekli Tepe (Score: 3, Insightful) by Arik on Saturday May 16 2020, @08:23PM (1 child)
I suppose it depends to some degree on what you value. People didn't grow old and fat then, and usually didn't grow very old at all. But they could generally secure a healthy diet and satisfactory shelter for themselves and their children with about 20 hours a week of work, without being subjected to many of the unpleasant conditions that are common today. While their lives might have been shorter, they were probably in many cases happier with them.
That said, obviously our material standard of living is much higher today in many ways. But we didn't go straight from the one condition to the other either. The agricultural revolution, in particular, did /not/ raise human standards of living. Quite the opposite, the more limited diet lead to all sorts of illnesses and problems, from simple malnutrition to the characteristic early destruction of the teeth among farmers, compared to hunters.
The agricultural revolution did nothing to make the individual human better off. It simply allowed much greater population density. And it spread across the world for many centuries on the back of that one advantage for a very long time before eventually spawning the industrial revolution, which also while raising our lives in many ways brought new and deadly drawbacks as well.
Even in historical times, during the colonization of the americas, it's a fact that natives never willingly went full colonist, while colonists often went native and would not come back voluntarily. The colonist life had many advantages but it came at such a high price that those who knew both ways never chose it voluntarily.
I suppose it depends to some degree on what you value.
One of my necessities allows me to travel a thousand miles in a day.
Re:Göbekli Tepe Re:Göbekli Tepe (Score: 0) by Anonymous Coward on Saturday May 16 2020, @04:31PM (1 child)
That may be, but it can't support the sheer amount of people per square acre that farming can in an age where army size basically determined victory.
Re:Göbekli Tepe (Score: 3, Interesting) by HiThere on Saturday May 16 2020, @05:25PM
I think you have the wrong time period. They didn't have ways of preserving food for an army on the march, so it *had* to keep marching, or die in it's tracks, if it was larger than the local environment would support. This was true up to the time of Napoleon. They also didn't know much about sanitation. So they had to keep moving or die in their tracks. Etc.
Read about the Trojan War. (There's a reasonable argument that the Trojan Horse was actually an Assyrian style siege engine covered with horse hides built by some foreign mercenaries.) And realize that this is LONG after the time being talked about here.
Read about the Persian Empire's invasion of Greece, and the problem with the army's water supply. And realize that a quite small number of Greeks defeated that army. But that is also LONG after the time period under discussion.
Read about the Medes and the Persians. And realize that that was LONG after the time period under discussion.
Large, but not too large, armies are very useful in low-tech situations, but they sure aren't decisive on their own. Terrain can dominate. Fortifications are extremely important. Even Sun Tzu said that there are some fortresses you should just leave alone.
That said, this was a pre-agricultural society. The "army" would be more like a band of hunters, possibly a fairly large band if the area would sustain such, but less than 100 people, and probably more like 25. Such a group can do a lot, but it's not the way you think of an army. Actually, most of the time it would probably operate in groups more like 5 in good country. You don't want to get too much smaller that that if you can avoid it when your best weapon is either a spear or an atlatl because of predators. (Arrows are for birds until you develop fancy bows or metal points.)
Now you were contrasting this with early agricultural settlements. They had much larger populations, but the people living in them weren't largely as adept at handling weapons. And they weren't an army, those came later. Walled cities didn't come into Greece until AFTER the Dorian invasion. They were developed by the invaders, who were centaurs (i.e., they rode horses). I suspect that the "taur" part of centaur is a reference to a bull, and the the pre-Dorian Greeks didn't have a word for horse. I also suspect that the Greeks fleeing this invasion were the Philistines mentioned in the Bible, or their ancestors were. And this, again, is WAY LATER than the time under discussion. But it's the earliest one that there's decent evidence for, and even there the evidence is pretty sparse. But Athens held out against the Dorian invasion, which is why Attic Greek is different than other Greek of the classical era. (Not that different. The Dorians may have conquered, but they were a trivial number compared to the settled Greeks. They didn't conquer with a large army, but with cavalry, which the Greeks didn't understand.)
Re:Göbekli Tepe Re:Göbekli Tepe (Score: 2) by legont on Sunday May 17 2020, @04:16AM (3 children)
by legont (4179) on Sunday May 17 2020, @04:16AM (#995243)
Please note that modern hunter-gatherers live in the most hostile environments that even our state of the art technology finds difficult to use. 50000 years ago some of them had the best lands and probably worked 2 hours per week at most.
Re:Göbekli Tepe Re:Göbekli Tepe (Score: 1) by RandomFactor on Sunday May 17 2020, @04:16PM (2 children)
by RandomFactor (3682) on Sunday May 17 2020, @04:16PM (#995394) Journal
Fair point on the environmental difference.
2 hours a week would make it more efficient than working and driving over to the supermarket once a week.
Not much of an option now of course as killing off 7 billion people to support the lifestyle would encounter some resistance.
Re:Göbekli Tepe (Score: 2) by legont on Monday May 18 2020, @04:19AM
by legont (4179) on Monday May 18 2020, @04:19AM (#995605)
Once upon a time I was on an island that was owned by an Asian military for the last hundred years or so. No visitors. Here is the procedure of living over there that I imagined and tried. You walk naked. When hungry you walk into the water and stick your finger out. When a few minutes later a fish bits your finger you take it out, bake it and eat it. That's pretty much it for the work part.
The challenging parts are obviously population control and alien invaders. First is a matter of some discipline and the second... perhaps a thermonuclear bomb buried on the beach will do. Seriously, the only real problem is how to get them all foreigners to fuck off.
Hawaii was a good example of paradise... As per the killing, a virus will do it for us one day; perhaps the day already came.
Re:Göbekli Tepe (Score: 2) by deimtee on Monday May 18 2020, @09:33AM
by deimtee (3272) on Monday May 18 2020, @09:33AM (#995658) Journal
I've read that during good times, hunter-gatherers spend about five hours a week on getting food. That leaves plenty of time to build stuff to confuse their distant descendants.
Of course during the bad times they can spend all their time on food and still go hungry.
No problem is insoluble, but at Ksp = 2.943×10−25 Mercury Sulphide comes close.
The big game hunter myth The big game hunter myth (Score: 2) by Arik on Saturday May 16 2020, @04:41PM (12 children)
"Those days life was easy"
In some ways.
"just kill a mammoth"
Yeah, no. That's still a crazy myth.
Seriously, you think that's easy? Let's get you a spear and go find an elephant. If a mammoth was an easy kill then you should have no trouble with a puny modern day elephant, right?
In fact, the only people known to hunt elephants successfully with stone age tech happen to have an incredibly powerful poison (a very rare tech) and they still lost hunters very often when they did this.
It strains credulity to claim that stone age people hunted mammoths. Of course they used mammoth parts when they lived on the mammoth plains - but that represents salvage of another animals kill, or occasionally a baby or an old or sick mammoth caught alone.
Remember, stone age hunter didn't have life-flight and an ER standing by. This is why even though life was generally good (healthy diet, plenty of exercise, plenty of free time) the life expectancy was still shockingly low. What we would see as a trivial wound could easily be fatal under those conditions. We had to live by our wits, and if one of us was so witless as to deliberately attack a healthy, full grown mammoth he wouldn't have lived very long at all.
Re:The big game hunter myth Re:The big game hunter myth (Score: 1) by RandomFactor on Saturday May 16 2020, @05:36PM (2 children)
It strains credulity to claim that stone age people hunted mammoths.
A mountain of yummy steaks is the mother of invention.
There was an article 15,000 Year Old Mammoth Trap Found in Mexico [soylentnews.org] back in November about one strategy that was used to take them down.
Re:The big game hunter myth Re:The big game hunter myth (Score: 2) by Arik on Saturday May 16 2020, @05:51PM (1 child)
Making a trap and then collecting what falls into it isn't exactly what we were talking about though. And while you can stampede bison, cattle, even horses into such traps and that was clearly done, elephants don't have the same herd behavior.
These pits are full of all kinds of animals, not just mammoths, and I don't see any reason the mammoths there shouldn't be filed under scavenging rather than hunting.
Re:The big game hunter myth (Score: 3, Interesting) by Phoenix666 on Sunday May 17 2020, @01:01PM
by Phoenix666 (552) on Sunday May 17 2020, @01:01PM (#995335) Journal
It's not scavenging, but trapping. Trapping is a great way to win game because it works when you're not there, unlike spearing, clubbing, or shooting something. Modern folks seldom think of trapping because most states outlaw it, but primitive peoples built weirs, operated buffalo jumps, deadfalls, pit traps, and all manner of simple machines designed to get game.
There are still people around the world who use simple tools to get their hands on lots of protein every day. YouTube has tons of videos on that subject; there are some guys in SE Asia (it seems) who dig a pit next to a slough, connect the two with a hollow length of bamboo, and eels and catfish will slither through it every day and get trapped by the basket full. It's like having your own fresh fish market on steroids.
If you're in a primitive/survival situation, screw relying on spears, bows & arrows, and fishing poles. Traps are the way to go.
Re:The big game hunter myth Re:The big game hunter myth (Score: 1) by khallow on Saturday May 16 2020, @08:47PM (6 children)
We know [thevintagenews.com] they were doing it. We also know there are no mammoths around today despite mammoths surviving multiple interglacial periods in the past.
I wouldn't hunt an elephant straight up. There's plenty of relatively low risk ways to kill large animals - drop them off a cliff or into a spiked pit, ambush with javelins and spears in a location that hinders mobility of the large animal far more than the person, or drop large things on them (log falls, for example). Of course, it would be a rather dumb elephant to get into an obvious ambush unless they are desperate (like a scarce water supply) so my cunning might be insufficient.
Re:The big game hunter myth Re:The big game hunter myth (Score: 2) by Arik on Saturday May 16 2020, @09:35PM (4 children)
"We know [thevintagenews.com] they were doing it."
This kind of slack-jawed bullshit has been popular in popular-science rags for centuries, but there's still no good evidence for it at all.
This is no different. Breathless bullshit. They found one arrowhead embedded in a rib. That means that someone put an arrow so deep in it they were probably holding it in their hand at the time, and the mammoth lived. The human, probably not.
At some later point, perhaps many years later, the mammoth in question died from something else and the ribs were scavenged.
The site in question is clearly a place where mammoth remains are utilized, but there's literally nothing there to separate it from hundreds or thousands of other sites, or to prove that this was really hunting not just scavenging.
"I wouldn't hunt an elephant straight up."
Neither would any neolithic hunter with an IQ above freezing, believe me.
"There's plenty of relatively low risk ways to kill large animals"
Yes, and looking in that direction would have been your only chance.
That doesn't mean any of them would have been easy enough to represent a viable strategy either, of course.
"drop them off a cliff or into a spiked pit"
First you have to hold them off a cliff or above a spiked pit. Good luck.
"ambush with javelins and spears in a location that hinders mobility of the large animal far more than the person"
This would have been viable with some animals but it seems particularly unlikely to work with Mammoths. Elephants are smart and only very young solo Elephants were taken like this historically. Mammoth skin would have been thick enough to shrug off javelins and throwing spears. Yes, modern neolithics did take down Elephants with those weapons but remember they used strong poisons. Without the poison, the wounds inflicted were not deep enough to have much effect. There's no reason to believe Mammoth skin would have been anything but proportionately thicker than an African Elephant, plus a thick wooly layer on top.
"Of course, it would be a rather dumb elephant to get into an obvious ambush unless they are desperate"
I think this is exactly the point. It would have been a rare case where ANY of these strategies could be expected to work - and they would have been extremely dangerous to attempt. And remember, no medicine.
It would make absolutely no sense for anyone to go out deliberately hunting mammoth. You'd go out hunting easier stuff. Bison? Horse? Kine? FAR easier to kill than mammoth, far less dangerous, still producing more meat and skin and bone than you know what to do with.
Now maybe you go out hunting one thing and wind up with another. That happened all the time. Maybe you run into an extremely young and inexperienced bull mammoth, on his own for the first time, and he falls into an obvious trap. Maybe you make a huge trap to run bison herds into, and before you see a bison herd a bull mammoth falls in! All you have to do now is hang out at a discrete distance until his herd finally gives up and leaves, then scavenge the body.
That all falls under scavenging and taking opportunities. Not deliberately hunting mammoths.
Re:The big game hunter myth Re:The big game hunter myth (Score: 3, Interesting) by bzipitidoo on Sunday May 17 2020, @05:06AM (1 child)
by bzipitidoo (4388) on Sunday May 17 2020, @05:06AM (#995257) Journal
I suspect the idea of mammoth hunting is a "man the mighty hunter" myth, concocted by macho men who like to think their ancestors were the meanest, toughest, and most fit of all animals in Stone Age times, the apex predator.
They probably could kill mammoths, with traps, long range weapons, and perhaps endurance, but it would have been at the least a lot more effort than hunting antelope. Very likely a lot riskier too. It's not just that mammoth are a lot, lot bigger than antelope, and may be more inclined to fight than flee. It's also that they are smarter, and once humans showed their colors, they would remember. Is it possible that any humans who killed a mammoth would find themselves and their village or camp attacked by the rest of the herd, the next night?
Re:The big game hunter myth (Score: 2) by Arik on Sunday May 17 2020, @12:51PM
by Arik (4543) on Sunday May 17 2020, @12:51PM (#995329) Journal
Yes, I think you're right. People feel it's more flattering to imagine their ancestors hunting the very biggest game, rather than the more realistic scenario of them preferring to hunt less dangerous prey, and scavenge anything else they can.
"They probably could kill mammoths, with traps, long range weapons, and perhaps endurance, but it would have been at the least a lot more effort than hunting antelope. "
And it would have relied on luck to even be occasionally viable. Mammoths likely behaved very similar to African Elephants today, which means they are usually found in herds with several large, adult Elephants watching out for and guarding the young. Attacking a herd of elephants with spears is just suicidal. Maybe once in awhile you find a young one that's gotten separated from the group and manage to take it down? Sure. But you don't plan your hunt based on the idea you'll get incredibly lucky. You plan your hunt to go out and take prey that you reasonably expect to find, and to be able to take safely.
You mention antelope, and we know they were commonly hunted, a favorite prey of early humans. Hunting antelope you would get close enough to attack with javelin or throwing spear or a small bow, trying to get one good shot in by ambush most likely. And the antelope would get hit and run away, the rest of the herd would see that and run away too. Then you just follow the blood trail, and recover the body. Relatively safe and easy. Maybe another predator claims the body before you can retrieve it - that's the main risk here.
Compare that to what would happen if you tried to ambush a Mammoth in the same way. The mammoth probably doesn't run away - it charges straight at you. The rest of the herd? Yeah, several of those are charging you too, maybe one of them is leading the young ones away at the same time but still. You're very likely coming out of this shaped like a pancake, and even if your target does bleed out later, you're not going to be around to harvest it.
Re:The big game hunter myth Re:The big game hunter myth (Score: 0) by Anonymous Coward on Sunday May 17 2020, @05:57AM (1 child)
The opening scene of Far Cry Primal [wikipedia.org] shows one possibility: https://youtu.be/t5-ekE1kfnI?t=148 [youtu.be]
That is a fun game, btw.
Yeah, it looks like a fun game.
But think about that scene as it played out there even. The mammoth is unrealistically easy, repeatedly turning away and running into barriers while it takes projectile after projectile, only occasionally turning around and rushing an attacker, then again turning it's back and allowing the humans to just freely attack it from behind again. I suspect in reality they would have been more aggressive, far less inclined to run away, and not at all likely to just stand there running into a wall while taking spears and elephants from behind.
And even with that, it looked like this band lost at least a half dozen hunters to get one mammoth down. Forget the saber-tooth at the end, let's say that didn't happen, it just ends with 'good hunt.' Was that a good hunt?
Hell no. Losing a half dozen hunters to get one mammoth corpse would NOT have been a good hunt, not at all. That would have been a catastrophë, an absolute disaster.
Re:The big game hunter myth (Score: 1, Interesting) by Anonymous Coward on Sunday May 17 2020, @02:01AM
I wouldn't hunt an elephant straight up. There's plenty of relatively low risk ways to kill large animals - drop them off a cliff or into a spiked pit, ambush with javelins and spears in a location that hinders mobility of the large animal far more than the person, or drop large things on them (log falls, for example).
While modern elephants can regulate their temperature through perspiration (just as humans do), wooly mammoths likely could not. As such, persistence hunting [wikipedia.org] (as is still done by humans today) *may* have been a successful strategy for hunting such animals.
There is some disagreement as to whether humans and their ancestors were capable of persistence hunting [utah.edu] or not [undark.org].
IIUC, the major disagreement relates to persistence hunting causing evolutionary adaptations in humans and their forbears, rather than the ability of modern humans to engage in persistence hunting.
We *know* that humans *can* successfully engage in persistence hunting (as they do and have done so for millenia). As to whether or not humans engaged in such a strategy with mammoths is an open question.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0047248419300077 [sciencedirect.com]
https://www.outsideonline.com/1996281/does-persistence-hunting-really-work#close [outsideonline.com]
https://www.abc.net.au/science/articles/2014/06/03/4015913.htm [abc.net.au]
Re:The big game hunter myth Re:The big game hunter myth (Score: 2) by legont on Sunday May 17 2020, @04:40AM (1 child)
Elephants are used by humans for thousands of years. Unfortunately it is not economically feasible to grow an elephant. Most of them are captured and then trained. Once again - captured wild and trained. Killing one is nothing compared to that and the fact that an average teenager can't do it only speaks to mental capacity of modern teenagers.
"Elephants are used by humans for thousands of years."
For about 4k years, yes. Smaller Indian elephants have been captured and trained on occasion, since about that long ago.
Göbekli Tepe is 12k years old, however, and 8k years later, about the same time the very first Mahout was riding the very first "tame" Indian Elephant, the very last Mammoth lay dying on the isolated Wrangel island. So there's no overlap between the two eras - the mahouts only get started after Mammoths and humans are no longer in contact.
Asian Elephant bulls reach about 9 feet at the shoulder, weigh in at about 4 tons, and are known for having a pretty easy-going disposition. A full size wooly mammoth would have been closer to 13 feet at the shoulder, and 8 tons in weight, and probably had the opposite disposition as well.
"captured wild and trained. Killing one is nothing compared to that"
Not really. Capturing a young and weakened Indian Elephant (largely via bribery) compared to killing a full grown bull mammoth in a herd? Not at all convinced of your point there.
Re:Göbekli Tepe Re:Göbekli Tepe (Score: 4, Insightful) by Arik on Saturday May 16 2020, @04:28PM (8 children)
"Archaeologists generally suppose that the invention of agriculture led to the creation of sedentary dwellings, which became cities. It is hard to tend your crops if you're off following the buffalo (gazelles? wild sheep?) instead of living next to your field. Göbekli Tepe, however, rather pre-dates agriculture in that area."
While this is basically correct, one thing that's beginning to be appreciated is just how arbitrary of a line "agriculture" for example draws in the record. The way we talk about it, you would imagine a pretty clearly defined moment where someone started farming when no one had ever farmed before. The record doesn't support that view, however. Even where we can point to a fairly clear line like that, it's not really a line between agriculture and no agriculture, a binary transition. It's just the extension of previous strategies further towards their logical conclusions.
So yes, we're talking about a time well before what we might call lifestyle farming - fully sedentary, planned production of regular fields. But all the pieces needed to put that together were around earlier - likely many millenia earlier. Hunter gatherers often live in a yearly circuit, bringing them back by the same spots year after year, and they take actions to improve those spots. One common way is to select and scatter chosen seeds in a place where they can be harvested later. Another is to burn out areas of forest, almost exactly like a slash and burn farmer would do - but with no intent to farm. Instead, the intent, initially at least, is to create clearings where prey animals can be taken more easily. But of course it still has the same effect of clearing ground for grasses (part of why the big prey animals like to enter) and those wind up becoming cereal grains via human selection.
Animal domestication is similar. It became a full fledged lifestyle relatively recently, but that doesn't mean the same techniques weren't practiced for a long time before that.
So while the common narrative has agriculture leading to sedentism, that's actually a pretty huge oversimplification at best. In fact in the fertile crescent where the oldest evidence of agriculture is found it coincides with a period of climate change. It was in response to changes that made game harder and harder to find that humans focused on using old techniques in new ways. They stayed closer and closer to home and relied more and more on artificially encouraging the plants and animals in the immediate vicinity. It was a dry time, and water became very important, with populations and powers growing up around sources of water.
"Both sites suggest spiritual motives that drove their construction despite the physical difficulty and inconvenience of doing so."
Maybe. It's sort of an overworn cliché at this point, that any ancient artifact for which we don't immediately recognize a practical purpose today must have spiritual significance. But how do you prove that? Or disprove it?
Whether it was perceived by those who built it as having spiritual significance or not, it strikes me as having an obvious practical purpose. Complexes or "temples" or whatever you want to label it, this sort of a landmark can function to provide cohesion to larger groups in a tribal setting.
You see, in hunter gatherer societies, much of the year is generally spent in 'bands.' These are small ad-hoc groups that might contain part or all of one or a few families. They travel together through much of the year. But there is a larger tribe as well, and that entity is given reality by regular rendezvous.
Often at a particular time of year, the bands that compose a tribe meet together at a previously chosen place, often a traditional place, and they get to catch up. Impressive ceremonies go well with this, whether or not they have spiritual significance.
The members of the tribe meet, they greet, they trade and entertain. And when the time comes to depart, the bands that depart are often not the same ones that arrived. Anyone can switch bands at this time, within the tribe.
Obviously, should there be conflict between tribes, the larger tribe has an advantage. Even without conflict, it's still an advantage - there are more bands to choose among, more competition between band leaders for the reputation of a good provider and leader that people will want to band with. And tribes generally expand whenever they can.
One way they can expand is simply to absorb smaller tribes, which may well be eager to be absorbed, as this is a practical way to reduce the chances of violence between the groups, improve their position against any outside tribe should there be trouble from that direction, and also expands their choice of bands to join as well.
But there are limits on the size of a tribe, and while this is not the only possible limit, the size and suitability of the rendezvous point is one of them. When the rendezvous point becomes too crowded, when the rendezvous is disappointing for any reason really, then small tribes are more likely to split off than to join.
So I look at Göbekli Tepe and I can't help but see a very impressive, purposefully built rendezvous point. And it even suggests a tribe or sub-tribe of priests, a group of people that stayed in the area and tended to the rendezvous point year-round, and took the lead in performing impressive ceremonies for all who came at the appointed time. It might well have had spiritual significance - but it would have been of great significance in a more practical and political sense as well. What had previously been many small tribes who passed near in their yearly travels, who perhaps conflicted with each other, who perhaps were so weakened by that conflict they became easy prey to outsiders - perhaps one small tribe built the first stage of this monumental complex and then started inviting the others to rendezvous and see the show.
The experience would have brought these groups together peacefully, and perhaps exposed them to some custom propaganda as well. The object would be to unite all these groups to form one huge tribe, large enough to protect the area and themselves against any neighbors. Large enough to provide for the architects, we might call them proto-levites, so that they could stay close to the area full time, keep it maintained and defended, make sure that it was ready each year at the appointed time to host a gigantic tribe, to host perhaps the largest party on the planet.
Re:Göbekli Tepe Re:Göbekli Tepe (Score: 3, Interesting) by HiThere on Saturday May 16 2020, @05:35PM (3 children)
Well, I think that the structure came first, and those who tended it afterwards, but otherwise I pretty much agree. I suspect that after the gathering some of the elderly who weren't fit to travel decided to stay, and perhaps a few others decided to stay and help them. And that this was the origin of the resident population. The staff of a senior housing center. Of course they'd have lots of chances to practice medical care, so they would become more skilled at it than those who wandered, so it would turn into a combination senior care center and hospital. The results might not be great, but it's better than walking 50 miles a day with a broken leg.
"I think that the structure came first"
Who would have built it in that case?
Re:Göbekli Tepe (Score: 1, Touché) by Anonymous Coward on Saturday May 16 2020, @09:52PM
If you need to ask such a silly question, you clearly haven't been watching enough of the Ancient Alie—... er, I mean 'History' Channel.
Re:Göbekli Tepe (Score: 2) by HiThere on Sunday May 17 2020, @03:16AM
by HiThere (866) on Sunday May 17 2020, @03:16AM (#995236) Journal
You find a "good meeting place", meet there, leave some injured with helpers. They build a shelter before the next time you show up. You figure a way to improve it a bit, leave some more people to be cared for, and leave them some supplies to encourage them.
Repeat for a few centuries.
Re:Göbekli Tepe Re:Göbekli Tepe (Score: 2) by Phoenix666 on Sunday May 17 2020, @01:09PM (3 children)
It's supported in the same way that archaeologists draw the same conclusions about any site: artifacts left behind, their placement, the size of the site, etc. Göbekli Tepe has carved stone stelae with totemic images in large structures that show geometrical placement. Archaeologists recognize those as religious in nature the same way they recognized the Mayan gods from their stelae before they were able to decipher their glyphs.
Modern people need to be careful not to project their own atheism onto the past.
Re:Göbekli Tepe Re:Göbekli Tepe (Score: 2) by Arik on Sunday May 17 2020, @01:35PM (2 children)
"Göbekli Tepe has carved stone stelae with totemic images in large structures that show geometrical placement."
Sure, but that proves nothing about religion or spirituality. Maybe it was simply a map of the surrounding territory, for instance. We just don't know and can't know the exact significance of these things to those that built them.
"Modern people need to be careful not to project their own atheism onto the past."
Modern people should also be careful not to project current ideas about religion and spirituality onto the past as well.
Re:Göbekli Tepe Re:Göbekli Tepe (Score: 2) by Phoenix666 on Monday May 18 2020, @12:43PM (1 child)
by Phoenix666 (552) on Monday May 18 2020, @12:43PM (#995720) Journal
That is all fine and technically true for rhetorical purposes, Arik, but if you want to throw out the exact sorts of markers and evidence archaeologists have used to posit a spiritual purpose for Göbekli Tepe then you have to do the same for every other civilization they have done the same for. The consensus of the world's archaeologists is that when certain images, objects, and placements obtain, a spiritual or religious purpose is strongly indicated.
Re:Göbekli Tepe (Score: 2) by Arik on Monday May 18 2020, @08:45PM
by Arik (4543) on Monday May 18 2020, @08:45PM (#996006) Journal
"then you have to do the same for every other civilization they have done the same for."
Oh not really. For many civilizations written records are available to fill in at least some of the gaps.
But for pre-historic sites, it's simply honesty to say we don't really and can't really know some of the things we might like to know. What did those figures mean? I strongly suspect some of them had astronomical significance, meaning they had a timekeeping function. Even that is somewhat speculative. Would astronomy and timekeeping have been seen as 'spiritual' by the people then? That's piling speculation on top of speculation. Does it seem likely, sure? But how would you prove it? I can't imagine a way.
One thing we can say with some assurance is that it's very unlikely they even had a concept that would *exactly* correspond to what we mean by 'spiritual' or 'religious' today.
Re:Göbekli Tepe (Score: 2) by mhajicek on Saturday May 16 2020, @05:25PM
by mhajicek (51) on Saturday May 16 2020, @05:25PM (#995056)
Perhaps they simply had an excess of free time.
A temple is not necessarily a sign of sedentary life. I suppose it could have been extremely well placed, having everything in the area to support a year round population, but it's extremely likely that human religion has been around almost as long as humans, so could just be a very old holy site?
Re:Göbekli Tepe Re:Göbekli Tepe (Score: 2) by driverless on Sunday May 17 2020, @04:51AM (1 child)
by driverless (4770) on Sunday May 17 2020, @04:51AM (#995251)
Probably some pre-Bronze-Age televangelist preaching the prosperity gospel to the hunter-gatherers. "Build me a big-round-thing-that-doesn't-have-a-name-yet and the material-goods-that-we-don't-have-a-concept-of will in the future rain down on you too!".
Re:Göbekli Tepe (Score: 2) by Phoenix666 on Sunday May 17 2020, @12:44PM
It is about that unlikely, thus the mystery.
room to improve (Score: 0) by Anonymous Coward on Saturday May 16 2020, @08:16PM
"so doc, i am kindda excited. today is the day!"
"glad you feel this way. we still have some medical procedures to finish up."
"right. what's this shot for then?"
"it's a long term energy boaster shot ..."
"oh, ok ... but why? the trip back is considered hundred percent guaranteed!"
"just a precaution."
one hour later, 11'500 years in the past:
our time traveler is looking up into the sky and counting seconds in his head.
after counting to 100, he curses and starts pilling rocks ...
it might not make much sense to us, today, but you can be sure the guys inventing time travel know exactly why this "Göbekli Tepe" build. ^_^


text:
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


2 bedroom apartment within the Natural Park of the Garrotxa (Girona).
The cottage located in Santa Pau (2 Habitacions), is located in Girona, in one of the most traditional rural regions of Catalonia, the Garrotxa. Complete rental. The apartment shares building with SR-46, but completely independent at the same time.
The cottage is located in a sixteenth-century farmhouse, fully renovated and surrounded by idyllic green landscape.
Fully equipped with kitchen, bathroom and living room with TV. Perfect place to enjoy nature in Catalonia, close to Costa Brava.This apartment has two cozy rooms, one its a double room and the other its also a double but with twin beds. The window of the rooms offer greats from the nature of la Garrotxa. Free Wifi.
Outside of the house you can find many activities for friends and for childrens. Foot pitch, basketball court, swimming pool, barbecue are some of this activities. You can also enjoy the nature around the cottage.
You can visit places like Besalú, Olot and Santa Pau, near the house. Costa Brava its about 50 minutes from the house, and Barcelona about 1h 30 minutes by car.
Departure time is at 5pm, if there are no reservations on the same day.
Deposit Si. 100€. The Security Deposit will be refunded except if any damage or misuse the facilities.
Immediate reserves are reviewed by Somrurals to check and prevent incorrect or incomplete data.


Smiles from our recent Students of Color Brunch.
Dean Aviva Abramovsky accepted the Joshua Heintz Award for Humanitarian Achievement on behalf of Dr. Zainab Hawa Bangura at the 11th annual International Humanitarian Law Dialogues at the Robert H. Jackson Center held Sunday, Aug. 27.
Professor Mark Bartholomew on "How We Can Fix Facebook Before the 2020 Election"
We've come a long way! Come represent your class at our All-Alumni Celebration and Reunion commemorating the law school's 130-year Anniversary.
Join our new dean, Aviva Abramovsky, in celebrating the classes ending in 2's and 7's at one big, fabulous alumni party, Saturday, October 14, 2017, at the Buffalo Club.
Discounted hotel rates end Sept. 26!
It's a whole new membership year. Law Alumni Association membership dues support our programs and help provide tuition scholarships. Become a member!
Our 2017-18 Annual Fund drive has begun. A gift in any amount will help us expand the services our students need to succeed. "We each have a responsibility to ensure that every student who walks through our doors receives a quality education, and has the tools necessary to excel and find a job in their chosen field." - Dean Aviva Abramovksy. Make your gift today!
Be sure to check our Calendar for a complete list of events taking place throughout the year.


Looking for some thoughts here on moving to hay or remaining with row crops. Last week learn have good friend who is only about three miles from me that is now rasing hay and has the equipment needed. I have NO hay equipment.
Have about 40 acres to use and might could pick up another 25 near him if wanted. About 15 acres of our land was suppose to be in hay for another farmer for a few years and he walked away from it not taking care of weeds. He said cost to treat the weed grasses was the problem. He is a big hay farmer in our area with a field that joins this field which is a clean as it can be.
I have done my best to compare the risk and cost between hay (which would be coastal bermuda here)and soybeans. Seems hay is more stable price wise but not a ready market as grain. Also seems input for fertlizer (nitrogen) is high for hay, maybe more than corn.
Oh per the best numbers I find from our state 8,000 pounds of hay per acre per year and about 25 bushels of soybeans with it ranging in our county from 20 to 30 bushels. We don't have lots of top soil like Hardwood does.
Looking for thoughts and experience.
Hard to justify switching for the costs! I know it dries easier then here in Ny so you might not need all the equipment we need to make good hay here. Depending on baler the latest thing we are selling here is big square and is also normally hired out. Price per bale is less per ton but the amount of handling as well as time is far less.
Thanks Art. Only equipment I know we use is of course mower, tedder, rake and baler. Some wrap the bales and most don't. Not the big square baler but the machine that takes I think 21 small square bales and packages them in a poly wrapped package are certainly neat.
Horse hay here is still popular and the most money. That is where the unit above comes in and some others use other machines to handle their horse square bales.
In a normal spring here the first cutting usually gets wet, not this year tho. That takes the value out of the first cutting, The second and third,sometimes a fourth cuttings are easier to get baled before they get wet.
We have a couple of regular scheduled hay auctions here in NE Iowa, I haven't been to one this summer but I was told that good dairy hay got pretty high. The only connection I can make between good hay and copper is that when it get's high priced the thieves move in. There have been reports of hay theft, I don't know any details other than reports that it is happening, some locally I guess.
I have come to the decision if I move to hay it will be slowly. Taking a few acres a year to switch and not do a whole hog change.
Your feed back help a good bit.
as to theives, was told recently guess the EPA but who ever regulates chemicals on farms is now NOT wanting signs up telling chemicals are stored here. They realized those who are teriost may find it easy to find chemicals if so marked. WOW.
I don't kinow what your mix of hay variteys is going to be, like here we usually went with maybe 50 -60 % alfalfa and the rest would be orchard grass, brome and maybe a dash of timothy.
Alfalfa does really good for a couple years then begins to die off from disease so it was a good plan to rotate to any non legume crop for a year then go back to the hay mix to let the diseases die off. Soybeans aren't a good choice, they are a legume too, corn is the best here, then back to alfalfa.
My understanding alfalfa does not do well here for an insect I think that will can be in our tempature here that will kill a horse. No idea on other animals but have been told that by nephew who has horses and I think one hay farmer. Am certain my nephew has told me that and he has hauled alfalfa two states away from cooler weather for that reason.
I won't attempt to name the exact things they are targeting, whether it be insects or disease, or perhaps both but we see lots of alfalfa being sprayed during the growing season here.
Almost all hay crops here are planted with a cover crop, oats are the main one, very little direct seeding, I've saw that done but a lot of managment is called for. Weeds are the big culprit of dierect seeding, oats tend to choke them out till the legumes get started. I haven't kept up enough to know if they have developed a roundup ready alfala, that would help a lot for direct seeding.


text:
Province of Jaén (Spain)
(Redirected from Jaén (Spanish province))
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Jaén (Spanish pronunciation: [xaˈen]) is a province of southern Spain, in the eastern part of the autonomous community of Andalusia. It is bordered by the provinces of Ciudad Real, Albacete, Granada and Córdoba. Its capital is Jaén city.
Map of Spain with Jaén highlighted
Francisco Reyes (PSOE)
13,484 km2 (5,206 sq mi)
Ranked 23rd
47/km2 (120/sq mi)
Official language(s)
Cortes Generales
dipujaen.com
Its area is 13,484 km². Its population is 657,387 (2003), about one sixth of whom living in the capital. It contains 97 municipalities. The highest point of the province is Pico Mágina (2165 m).[1]
One of the less-known provinces of Spain, compared to the tourist-oriented coast, it has four national parks and many other protected natural areas. The province also contains two Renaissance cities, Úbeda and Baeza, both recently declared World Heritage Sites by UNESCO. The province has among the highest concentration of castles in the world outside the Levant, thanks to its strategic position during the Reconquista.[2]
The annual chess tournament, held until 2010 in Linares, attracted many of the world's best players.
The province is the largest producer of olive oil in the world. It produces around 45% of all Spanish olive oil and 20% of the world's production. For this reason the province is also known as World Capital of Olive Oil.[3] There are more than 66 million olive trees, spread over a surface of 550,000 hectares.[4] The province alone produces more olive oil than the entire country of Italy.[4] The province's production in 2013 was 749.387 tonnes of olive oil.
1 Symbols
1.1 Flag
2 Population
SymbolsEdit
FlagEdit
The flag of the province of Jaén was approved by the Provincial Council of Jaén, in the plenary session held on March 3, 2014 and registered in the Andalusian Registry of Local Entities, complying with Law 6/2003, of October 9 of Symbols, Processing and Registration of Andalusian Local Entities.[5][6]
The flag is arranged in a rectangular cloth with a proportion of 1/1.5, being longer than it is wide. It has an area of 10x15 sectors, with the shield being three sectors high and eight sectors wide; and occupying six sectors high and five sectors wide. The flag is green pantone color 377, in reference to the natural heritage of the province.[7]
View of an olive grove, at the north of Jaén.
PopulationEdit
The historical population is given in the following chart:
List of municipalities in Jaén
^ "Objetivo: Pico Mágina (Jaén)". www.sendanatura.com (in Spanish). Retrieved March 17, 2015.
^ Ginés Donaire (2 September 2009). "Tierra de castillos y batallas". El País.
^ "An Olive Oil Cultural Center And Museum in Jaén". Olive Oil Times. Retrieved 2015-10-10.
^ a b Sandro Pozzi (2 September 2016). Elpais.com (ed.). "Spanish olive oil lights up Times Square". www.elpais.com. Retrieved January 21, 2017.
^ Diputación de Jaén (3 March 2014). "Bandera de la Provincia". Retrieved 21 July 2015. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
^ ABC (2 March 2014). "Así es la bandera de la provincia de Jaén". Retrieved 21 July 2015. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
^ Diutación de Jaén (13 December 2013). "Informe sobre la identidad vexilológica de la provincia de Jaén" (PDF). Retrieved 21 July 2015. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Province of Jaén.
(in Spanish) Despeñaperros Natural Park
(in Spanish) Sierra de Andújar Natural Park
(in Spanish) Sierra Mágina Natural Park
(in Spanish) Sierras de Cazorla, Segura y Las Villas Natural Park
(in Spanish) Cazorla, Segura y Las Villas
(in English) Photo album from La Iruela Castle - Jaén - Andalusia
This article about a location in Andalusia, Spain, is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Province_of_Jaén_(Spain)&oldid=1128364060"


text:
Rush, meet Alec
Rush Limbaugh said what? That he would leave the country if Congress passes — and President Obama signs — health care reform legislation?
One of the many maddening aspects of guys like Limbaugh is that they can utter such nonsense and not have to be held accountable for their hyperbole.
He's not alone in making such idiotic threats.
Alec Baldwin, the actor/comedian/political activist, said the same thing in 2000 if George W. Bush was elected president of the United States. I can't recall Baldwin's precise language, but he went on at some length about how the nation would be going to heck in a handbag if the Texas governor ascended to the White House. Baldwin didn't want to be associated with the country if that were to occur.
Bush won — and won again four years later. But Baldwin's still here, making a handsome living with a network TV show. And no one has said much in recent years about that pledge to leave the country.
I'm guessing Daddy Dittohead's threat will draw a similarly silent response if health reform passes.
Darn.
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All In Our Heads Podcast: Episode 86: Live from Yankee Stadium!
Episode 86: Live from Yankee Stadium!
This week we come to you live from Yankee Stadium. We talk Yankee playoffs, Tom Petty death, and Las Vegas Tragedy. Check it out! Subscribe with the Laughable App, iHeart Radio App or iTunes! Rate and review on iTunes for us. Thanks!
Comedians Joe Fernandes & Mike Gaffneys weekly podcast with stories from the road and uneducated opinions on everything.


text:
The Temple of the Five Immortals, formerly wrongfully translated as the Temple of the Five Genii, is a former Taoist temple in Guangzhou, Guangdong, in China. It lies beside the junction of West Huifu Road and Liurong Rd.

Legend
The five immortals honored by the temple are first attested in a passage of the 983 Taiping Imperial Readings () explaining Guangzhou's nickname "City of the Rams". One of the etiological myths given is that
At one time, Sun Hao made Teng Xiu a governor but, before reaching his prefecture, there were five immortals riding five colored sheep and bearing the five grains who came upon him and, after he received them, they left. Now the prefectural hall's beams bear the five immortals riding five colored sheep for good luck.
The other story, credited to the Records of Guangzhou () of Pei Yuan (), includes the rams and grain but omits the immortals and places the story in Chu during the ministry of Gao Gu.

Later accounts of the immortals' local cult made them culture heroes who introduced rice farming to Guangzhou around the time of its founding, which occurred historically by the Qin army under Zhao Tuo in 214 BC. The immortals' clothes and the sheep were now both said to be in difference colors, connecting them with the Five Chinese Elements. The immortals continued to be worshipped as protectors of the yearly harvest. The five goats they rode to the area were said to have turned to stone when they left, forming the statues which gave Guangzhou its nickname "Goat City" or "City of the Five Rams".

History
An abbey and shrine to the five immortals is first attested during the early Song ( century), with rulers making sacrifices and locals offering prayer to them. The present temple was erected under the Ming in the 10th year of the Hongwu Era, either AD 1377 or 1378.  Under the Qing, the site was also known as the .

Shortly after the installation of the temple's  high, 5-ton bell in 1378, there was an outbreak of plague in the city. Considered unlucky ever afterward, the "Forbidden Bell" has not been rung since. In the 19th century, the guardian lions at the entrance to the temple were venerated by local women seeking to give birth to sons.

The original temple on Great Market Street burnt down in 1368. It was moved rebuilt in 1377, with its main hall devoted to the five immortals.

By 1923, the temple grounds covered ; that year, Sun Yat-sen ordered seven local temples include it to be auctioned to raise revenue for their war effort against the Beiyang government. It was purchased by a local club, who deposed the residing Taoist clergymen, but its site was given special protection by the municipal government and was eventually converted into a school. Following the opening up of China in the 1980s, the temple was renovated but no longer operate as a Taoist temple.

Grounds
The huge bell tower dates to the Ming and the main hall before it is still done in the Ming style. The guardian lions at the entrance are centuries old and there are stylized Ming-era sculptures in back as well. A pond to the east of the hall includes a very large foot-shaped depression in red sandstone said to be the mark of one of the temple's immortals. The present statues depict the immortals as three men and two women, all astride their goats.

A back room holds a large 1907 map of Guangzhou, showing interesting details of the imperial city and illuminating that most of the city was, at that time, still rural.

See also
 Agriculture in Chinese mythology & Hou Ji
 The Statue of the Five Rams on Yuexiu Hill
 The Temple of the Five Immortals in Shiyan

Notes

References

Citations

Bibliography
 .
 .
 .
 .
 .
 .
 .

Taoist immortals
Taoist temples in Guangdong
Tourist attractions in Guangzhou

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


So over the last 8 years I've met a lot of really wealthy and successful real estate investors. I have also met a lot of brand new real estate investors. We (meaning experienced investors) call new investors newbies, nubs, rookies, fledglings, neophytes, tenderfoots, gorby's, freshmen, bunny huggers, FNG's, probationers, starters, greenhorns, gerber babies, and my favorite... noobilators.
Sorry... got carried away... and we're back.
Anyways...I have always wanted to know what the defining difference was between the successful investors that I know...and everyone else. I mean...why do some new real estate investors fail and never get their businesses off the ground...and others get wealthy and live the lives they've always dreamed of?
So about a year ago I started on a journey. A journey to find answers. Answers to questions. Questions that needed defined. Defining stuff using questions that led to answers (keep with me...there's a method to my madness ;-) ).
>Successful Real Estate Investors Embrace Challenges - Challenges are where opportunities lie in wait. If this business was easy, everyone would do it...and be wealthy. Everyday I am thankful that certain parts of the real estate investing business is challenging because it weeds out my competition!
Successful Real Estate Investors Are O.K. With Failure - One of my mentors once told me to "allow myself to fail because that will be the only moment I truly learn and grow". Powerful advice and somewhat liberating. Once I took that stance I was able to step way outside my comfort zones knowing that if I failed at least I would be one step closer to my goals.
Successful Real Estate Investors Educate Themselves Throughout Their Entire Careers - Harvard President Derek Bok once said "If you think education is expensive...try ignorance." After watching the habits of all my rich buddies I realized that one common trait they all had was they continually kept up-to-date on the latest investing strategies, marketing techniques, and market changes. They out educated themselves over their competition and because of their knowledge...they were able to quickly maneuver around any situation.
Successful Real Estate Investors Take Action - Sometimes (especially when you are moving into unchartered waters) it can be scary to make decisions. It's easy to talk about taking action...but to actually do it when you are scared is another. Every successful investor that I know has developed the ability to make educated decisions and take immediate action. Just like a professional dancer that has to train their muscles to move a certain way...you as an investor needs to train your mind and spirit to get comfortable with taking action upon your goals.
Successful Real Estate Investors Follow Their Passions - Everyday I pinch myself because I have the greatest life (that I designed). I never feel like I am going to work. Each workday is as exciting to me as the first time I cashed my first big check. My optimism is a direct result of the passion I have developed for investing in real estate (and because of the support I get from my family because they want me to follow my passions). It does not matter whether you are passionate about helping others out of a bad situation, or passionate about beautifying neighborhoods that have been neglected from the market crash...follow your passions and you will find the success you're looking for.
Successful Real Estate Investors Surround Themselves With Other Successful People - One of the reasons so many investors love going to real estate investing seminars and conferences is because of the networking you can do while you're there. Masterminding with other like minded individuals is one of the fastest ways to achieve success. My dad used to say "never take advice from your Uncle Al...he's broke!" I agree with that message and strongly urge you to start surrounding yourself with other successful people that will pull you up towards them.
Successful Real Estate Investor Hate Losing - My intern (Josiah) is a competitive gymnast. I only hired him (and by hiring him, I mean let him work for me for free) because he was a competitive athlete. You see...athletes (and other successful people) have been trained to "play to win". They know what it feels like to fail and they don't like it. So they fight as hard as they need to in order to win at the game. All my wealthy colleagues think with a "millionaire mindset". It's just part of their DNA. They would rather "leave it all out of the field" than feel like they didn't try hard enough.
Successful Real Estate Investors Systematize Their Businesses - You, like me, want a business that works for you (and not the other way around). You want to be able to work less and make more money. Well my friend the only way (and I MEAN ONLY WAY) to achieve this goal is to systematize every part of your investing business. Just like a McDonald's franchisee, you need a step-by-step roadmap that breaks down each and every task you will do in your business, and then groups those steps into simple-to-follow systems that you can have others do on your behalf. Now obviously, at first, you are the business. Expect to have to work hard in the beginning while you master all your daily tasks. But as soon as you do...begin the process of "firing yourself" by outsourcing the mundane tasks you do not have a passion for. You will be surprised to find that you are the only obstacle in the way from making it BIG in this business.
Successful Real Estate Investors Are Organized - And I don't mean your desk is clean. I mean that you will need to keep good records (paperwork and accounting). Once you crack the code and begin doing deals on a regular basis...you will be surprised to find how fast your business will start moving. Real estate investing is actually a simple business (there are a lot of dumb, wealthy investors out there) and it is easy to fall behind on your record keeping. This can be a BIG problem if the IRS ever comes and audits your books, or you get sued by someone over a bad real estate deal. So get in the habit of keeping good records early in your career and you will have a stress free investing experience.
Successful Real Estate Investors Are Excellent Listeners - Active listening is one of the secrets to my success. It's amazing at how much further you will get in your business dealings if the other parties "feel" like they are being heard. Active listening is a process where you call the other person by name, repeat all or part of what they just said and agree with them (or at least agree that you understand their point of view), then end with a focused follow-up question that leads them to the next topic you want to talk about. God gave us two ears and only one mouth for a reason...start practicing using "active listening" and you will have a HUGE competitive advantage over your competition.
Well that was more "Tony Robbins" than I normally get...but I hope you take with you some nuggets of wisdom that you can apply into your investing business. Being a successful real estate investor is easy if you can just change everything about you and be more like me (just kidding...not really...but seriously you're awesome and I love you).


Fig. 1. Leaf morphologies of two E. hamiltonianus phenotypes. (A, C) Leaves and unopened flowers of normal plants. (B, D) Variegated leaves and unopened flowers of natural mutant plant which is being developed as an ornamental cultivar. The picture was taken from Hantaek Botanical Garden in May 12, 2017.


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Q: JTextArea in JTextPane - Want new line I want to add text to a JTextArea, and to have an auto scrollbar on vertical.
but when typing horizonally, I want an auto new line when there is no space in line..
If I use only JTextArea it's OK, but when I put it in a JScrollPane, it is not
make a new line when needed.
How can I do that?
Thanks!

A: you have to configure the textArea to wrap:
textArea.setLineWrap(true);
textArea.setWrapStyleWord(true);

You might consider reading a basic tutorial to get you started effectively :-)

A: By default, a JTextArea will not wrap text so you have to manually define that behavior:
textArea.setLineWrap(true);
textArea.setWrapStyleWord(true);

Also, make sure you're setting up the JScrollPane correctly:
JScrollPane sp = new JScrollPane(textArea);

//JScrollPanes are just like JPanels (except for the scrollbars) so be careful not to just add the JComponent to your frame; add the container instead.

frame.add(sp);

As a side note, read the tutorial @kleopatra so helpfully suggested to get a good solid base on textareas.

A: Isn't JTextArea implementing the Scrollable interface? So why you need JScrollPane?
Edit to your comment, this one works for me:
JScrollPane sP= new JScrollPane(txtarea);
sP.setBounds(10,60,780,500);
sP.setVerticalScrollBarPolicy(ScrollPaneConstants.VERTICAL_SCROLLBAR_ALWAYS);