The past twelve months have been a fascinating and important year in the development of costs law. Following numerous false starts the new electronic bill of costs finally became mandatory in April and as litigators, costs draftspeople and costs lawyers alike have got to grips with this significant change, the Senior Courts Costs Office released updated guidance for the first time since 2013. Consideration was given to budgeting, qualified one-way shifting and interim payments and the Courts and litigants alike once again grappled with the slippery concept of proportionality.
In this Inter Partes Costs – 2018 Year in Review Robert Kerr, Inter-Partes Team Leader and Costs Lawyer and Adam Fox, Costs Lawyer briefly examine and comment upon some of the more important cases and developments of 2018.
Robert and Adam are also presenting the below as in-house training seminars for fee earners. We have some availability left for limited dates in January and February at the discounted fee of £300 plus VAT. If you would like to book a session please email services@bidwellhenderson.co.uk for remaining availability dates.
Since the implementation of the costs budgeting process in April 2013 there have been numerous decisions as to the correct form and content of budgets and severe warnings as to the failure to comply with the rules, a further case has arisen this year in Page v RGC Restaurants Ltd  EWHC 2688 which should serve as a significant warning in relation to the budgeting process and the preparation of costs budgets.
Prior to a CCMC in the matter the Claimant had prepared an "interim" costs budget, this left the figure for trial preparation and trial as £0.00 on the basis that a further CCMC was anticipated and further directions would be required in relation to experts at that stage.
The costs budget was largely agreed between the parties prior to the CCMC but at the hearing the Master expressed concern that the matter had not been timetabled and budgeted all the way to trial. It was held by the Master that the costs budget did not comply with the rules and the sanctions pursuant to CPR 3.14 (limitation to court fees only) was applied.
The Claimant appealed to the High Court and Mr Justice Walker delivered judgment on the matter. In brief, the Claimant's appeal was partially successful. However, Mr Justice Walker did not grant relief from sanctions but rather found the Master at first instance had failed to consider whether the sanction under CPR 3.14 should apply to the whole budget. Instead, the sanction was applied to the parts of the budget that the Claimant had not completed (trial preparation and trial) and permitted the Claimant a budget in respect of the remaining phases.
The judgment did however make clear that the High Court did not consider that the Claimant had filed a "budget" commenting that a partially complete budget could not be construed as a budget within the meaning of the rules and further provided precedent that the Defendant's agreement in relation to certain heads of costs under CPR 3.15 did not overrule the mandatory requirements under CPR 3.14.
The case is significant in that the failure to file a complete budget was described as "negligent but not grossly negligent" and is important guidance as to the completion of budgets. It is clear from the judgment that in all cases a full budget should be filed and the importance of assumptions to the budget defining the considered course of the litigation should not be taken lightly. The Claimant in this matter ought to have prepared a budget up to and including trial on the basis of clearly defined assumptions and, if necessary, applied to vary this budget at a later date.
In a further key decision on budgeting this year the case of Yirenki v MOD  EWHC 3102 (QB) provides key and sensible guidance as to the budgeting process and the conduct of case management conferences and the correct costs budgeting procedure to be adopted.
Mr Justice Jacobs found that the rationale and approach of the Master was flawed in providing for the aforementioned paragraph and that the "decision to leave the rates open for argument with consequence that the parties have a lack of certainty". This falls in line with the rational approach on conclusion that budgeted costs are to be spent as the party sees fit, the party is not constrained by their own assertions as to hourly rates to be claimed, time to be spent or disbursements to be incurred but can, save as for when there is adjudged to be good reason to depart from the budget, expect to be recompensed in full so long as the costs of a phase fall within the approved budget total.
The Costs Budgeting process, for all of its flaws, does provide detail and a level of certainty as to the level of costs a party may expect to pay another in the event of failing in the litigation. It is for this reason that the decision in Cleveland Bridge UK Ltd v Sarens (UK) Ltd  EWHC 827 (TCC) reflects practical use of the costs budgets and costs management order when dealing with payments on account of costs/interim payments.
The judgment in Cleveland Bridge related to the level of costs to be paid "on account" following the successful conclusion of the matter in the Claimant's favour at trial. The matter was a budgeted case and the Claimant sought to rely on the decision of Coulson J in the 2017 case of MacInnes v Gross in which the Claimant was awarded 90% of their approved budget figure with 10% considered to be "the maximum deduction that is appropriate in a case where there is an approved costs budget".
The Defendant contested the matter and the Court of Appeal examined the earlier judgment concluding that the 10% reduction was reasonable but that the Claimant should recover only 90% of the estimated/budgeted costs as it was only these costs and not the incurred costs which had been subject to prior court approval. In reaching this decision the Court had regard to the major decision of 2017, that of Harrison.
The court thereafter proceeded to determine a reasonable sum to be allowed in respect of the Claimant's incurred costs ultimately concluding that it was not appropriate to consider the hourly rates claimed in detail at that hearing nor conduct a detailed assessment of the costs in an application of this nature. Ultimately the decision reached was to apply a 30% reduction to the incurred costs. In total allowing for an interim payment of £98,000 as against an "approved budget" of approximately £128,000.
The decision should be considered precedent for the amount to be sought in budgeted matters when making an application for payment on account of costs.
Whilst clearly not the main element of the decision an important point of note is that No Order as to Costs was made in respect of the application given that neither party was wholly successful in their assertions and this should be a careful consideration as to the approach taken and costs incurred in respect of any such application.
The impact of Costs Management Orders on the assessment of hourly rates was once again considered in the case of Nash v Ministry of Defence  EWHC B4 (Costs). The latest in a series of judgments on the issue, the paying party had sought to argue that a reduction to the hourly rates claimed in respect of the incurred costs constituted a good reason to depart from the Costs Management Order. In rejecting this argument Master Nagalingam found that the paying party was effectively inviting him to go behind or to second guess how the constituent elements were balanced when the Court made the Costs Management Order. Further, in doing so the paying party was seeking to "assign an elevated status to hourly rates over and above all of the other constituent elements/underlying details in the budget". The concern expressed was that the adoption of such an approach would give rise to a risk of double jeopardy and that re-opening of the constituent elements on assessment would reduce certainty and defeat one of the key purposes of costs budgeting.
Whilst this is only a first instance decision it is one of a growing number of cases where the Courts have found that reductions to incurred hourly rates are not a good reason to depart from the budget. Whilst there have been decisions to the contrary, most notably by Master Campbell in RNB v London Borough of Newham  EWHC B15 (Costs), it does appear that consensus is now being reached. Whilst it would be useful to have High Court authority on the point (RNB settled in advance of the listed appeal) the weight of case law would appear to indicate that Courts will give effect to the Costs Management Order on assessment and not seek to interfere with the reasonable and proportionate allowance made on assessment.
At a time where numerous law firms are facing the challenges of cash-flow and the timely recovery of costs in contentious matters where inter-partes costs orders are made the decision in Culliford v Thorpe  EWHC 2532 (Ch) is a welcome one.
His Honour Judge Matthews found in a High Court judgment that there was no bar to the court making an order for an interim payment on account of costs after the date on which judgment was given.
The issue of payments on account were again considered in Finnegan v Spiers  EWHC 3064 (Ch), this time in the context of a deemed Order arising out of acceptance of a Part 36 Offer. The Claimant had issued proceedings arising out of professional negligence which had concluded by way of the Claimant's acceptance of the Defendant's Part 36 Offer. Following settlement the Claimant issued an application for an interim payment on account of costs in the sum of £19,000.00. At first instance this was refused on the grounds that the District Judge considered that the Court had no power to make such an order on the grounds that Part 36 is a complete code. The Claimant appealed and the question put to the High Court was "whether the court has power to order a payment on account of costs in a situation in which a Part 36 offer has been accepted under rule 36.13 and so by rule 44.9(1) it is deemed that a costs order has been made on the standard basis".
The Claimant's case, inter alia, was that the Court did have the power to order payments on account and that CPR 44.2 was not displaced by virtue of the Order having been made in accordance with CPR 44.9. The Claimant's position was that the reasoning in Barnsley v Noble  EWHC 3822, whereby Proudman J found that the Court did have the power to order for payment on account following discontinuance, applied to all cases where deemed Orders had been made and should therefore be followed.
In response the Defendant's position was that Part 36 is a complete code and that the consequences upon acceptance are clearly detailed at CPR 36.13. Provisions as to payments on account were simply not there and should not be imported from the general law. In respect of the approach in Barnsley this was distinguishable on the basis that CPR 38.6 provided the Court with a discretion that did not exist in the instant case.
Having considered arguments Birrs J concluded that the Court has no power to order payment on account of costs after a party had accepted a Part 36 Offer. The Judge considered that the place to find the court's ability to make a payment on account order after acceptance of a Part 36 offer is in Part 36 itself. However, given the absence of any such provisions there is no reason to read rule 44.2(8) to make a payment on account applicable when a Part 36 offer is accepted. In terms of the decision in Barnsley this was distinguished and limited to discontinuances only.
The decision in this case is perhaps surprising bearing in mind the more general principles detailed in in Culliford. What it does again make clear is the primacy of Part 36 and that it represents a clear exception to the general rule. It may be that one consequence of the decision is that receiving parties will be incentivised to have settlements reflected in a Consent Order or even to avoid the operation of CPR 44.9, and engage the Court's discretion, by accepting the Part 36 Offer out of time.
CPR44.14 provides that in proceedings which include a claim for personal injury, orders for costs made against a Claimant may be enforced without permission, to the limit of orders for damages made in the Claimant's favour. The decision in Cartwright v Venduct Engineering Ltd  EWCA Civ 1654 provides guidance as to the definition and interpretation of the rules and is a warning to litigators who pursue multiple Defendants where sufficient prospects may not exist.
Prior to Cartwright it was unclear as to whether a successful Defendant could seek to enforce a claim for costs against a Claimant where damages had been paid by an unsuccessful Defendant. The matter at hand concerned a noise induced hearing loss claim in which, prior to a limitation trial, the Claimant settled against 3 Defendants and promptly discontinued against Venduct, giving rise to a deemed costs order in Venduct's favour.
Further guidance was required as to the importance of the matter settling by Tomlin Order and by way of a "global" settlement including costs and damages.
No issue was taken by the Defendant with the established principle of confidentiality attached to the schedule to a Tomlin order but arguments were raised that the simple assessment to be undertaken was as to whether the Claimant had recovered damages and that "order" should be interpreted as "a sum payable by way of damages that is compellable by (court) order".
Coulson LJ found that whilst this was argued, he was constrained by the word "order" within CPR 44.14 as a literal interpretation and that it was beyond the remit of the court as to whether the CPR should be amended.
Suggestions have been made from the judgment that a settlement by a Tomlin Order or by way of late acceptance of a Defendant's Part 36 offer do not fall under CPR44.14 but settlement by way of a typical Consent Order is. As such it is suggested that Defendants could "collaborate" and refuse to settle matters by way of Tomlin Order or conventional Part 36, instead offering to submit to judgment for damages, although this may not always be a commercial or attractive way of compromising a claim.
Cartwright has already been applied however in the matter of MG v Street (1) and Governors of St Augustine Canterbury RC High School to deprive a successful Claimant of his damages.
Over the last few years a number of decisions have both clarified and muddied the waters when it comes to the scope of the applicability of One Way Costs Shifting. For example, in Ketchion v McEwan (Newcastle CC) it was held that a counterclaiming Defendant had the benefit in both the claim and counterclaim whereas in Waring v McDonnell (Brighton CC) it was held it could apply to the counterclaim only.
One other area where there has been some useful guidance relates to what can be termed as "mixed claims". CPR 44.13 provides the Qualified one way Costs Shifting applied to proceedings which include a claim for damages for personal injuries, damages under the Fatal Accidents Act 1976 or under Law Reform (Miscellaneous Provisions) Act 1934. However, CPR 44.16 (2) provides that where a claim has been made for the benefit of the Claimant (or other person) other than personal injury the Court may make an order for costs against the Claimant (or other person) to the extent that it considers just.
In The Commissioner of Police of the Metropolis v Brown  EWHC 2046 (Admin) the Claimants brought an action against the Defendant police forces for breach of the Data Protection Act 1998, breach of the Human Rights Act 1998, tortious wrongdoing and Misfeasance in Public Office. The Claimants succeeded on the first three grounds but failed on the final ground. The Defendants sought to recover the costs of the same from the Claimants and at first instance the Court found that the claims included a claim for personal injury and accordingly the Claimants had the benefit of Qualified One Way Costs shifting.
The Defendants appealed and the matter came before Mrs Justice Whipple. The Court concluded that CPR 44.16(2) applies in any proceedings where a claim has been made for damages for personal injuries as well as for something else i.e. a "mixed claim". Mixed claims are within the scope of Qualfied One Way Costs Shifting but CPR 44.16(2)(b) provides a mechanism to deal with mixed claims, which, simply put, is to leave it to the Court at the end of the case to decide whether, and if so to what extent, it is just to permit enforcement of a defendant's costs order.
A useful example of how the Court is to carry out this exercise is to be found in Siddiqui v University of Oxford  EWHC 536 (QB). Here the Claimant brought an unsuccessful action against the Defendant University arguing that inadequate teaching had led to his receiving lower marks than he should. This in turn hampered his subsequent legal career and allegedly caused financial loss and psychiatric harm. The Court determined that part of the claim was a free-standing claim for economic loss which was unrelated to the psychiatric injury and hence CPR 44.16(2)(b) was satisfied. In considering how to exercise the discretion afforded Foskett J concluded that a broad brush had to be applied taking account of various factors such as the time spent dealing with various elements of the claim. Upon consideration of the same the Claimant was order to pay 25% of the Defendant's costs.
The decision in Britned Development Ltd v ABB AB & Anor  EWHC 3142 (Ch) relates to the withdrawal of Part 36 offers and should be serious food for thought for any solicitor thinking of doing so.
The parties in the matter had gone to trial with the Claimant obtaining judgment failing to beat a Part 36 offer made by the Defendant. However, in the interim period between trial but before judgment was handed down the Defendants saw fit to withdraw the Part 36 offer.
It was held that withdrawal of the offer meant that the Defendants could not rely on the consequences of Part 36 and therefore were not entitled to their costs. However, the judge did take into consideration the fact that an offer had been made and as such made an Order of No Order as to Cost throughout the proceedings.
Undoubtedly the judgment does not set a precedent that where an offer is withdrawn that is not ultimately beaten that the effect will be no order as to costs between the parties and the judgment ought to be viewed as case specific as to this costs order being made. However, the judgment is clear affirmation from the court that parties are unable to rely on the costs consequences of a Part 36 offer which they have ultimately chosen to withdraw. Withdrawing an offer should clearly only be done with serious consideration as to the potential costs consequences on both sides.
A further decision on the implications of Part 36 was handed down this year in Hislop v Perde  EWCA Civ 1726. In this matter it was argued that late acceptance of a Part 36 offer by a Defendant could entitle the Claimant to costs on the indemnity basis and thereby allow t hem to escape the fixed costs regime at least for the period following expiry of the offer.
Reference was made by the Court of Appeal to Sharp v Leeds City Council which expressed the primacy of the fixed costs regime in CPR 45 and Solomon v Cromwell Group Plc in which CPR 45 had been held to take precedence over Part 36. Consideration was thereafter given to the case of Broadhurst v Tan, which was not on all fours with the situation in Hislop as the Claimant had beaten a Part 36 offer at trial and had been awarded indemnity costs as a result.
The issue to be decided was whether the late acceptance of the offer gave rise to the same outcome as in Broadhurst. The court was unanimous in its decision that it could not. Consideration was given to the relevant provisions of Part 36 at the time relating to the acceptance of offers in cases to which CPR 45 applied, these were CPR36.10 and 36.10A (now 36.20), neither of which made provision for the Claimant to receive costs on the indemnity basis by virtue of late acceptance. It was considered that it may be possible for the Claimant to argue that the Defendant's late acceptance was exceptional, pursuant to CPR45.29J but this was deemed not to apply in Hislop.
The decision appears to mean that it is potentially open to Defendants to ignore a Part 36 offer until the eve of trial with little risk of having to pay anything other than fixed costs that would have to be paid if it had been accepted within the relevant period.
The decision in Bentley Design Consultants Ltd v Sansom  EWHC 2238 (TCC) considered a novel point as to the construction of a Part 36 offer. In brief, a Part 36 offer made by a Claimant could not be construed to cover matters that the Claimant added to the action later when the particulars of claim were amended.
The Claimant had made a Part 36 offer in April 2015 which was accepted by the Defendant in November 2016, it was asserted by the Defendant that the acceptance covered both plot 1 and plot 2, which had been added by the Claimant to the claim after the making of the offer.
The decision is a rational and clear one and can be considered as judicial guidance as to the necessity to consider the context of an offer and when it was made, both when accepting the offer and seeking to rely on the consequences of that offer. It is clear discouragement against sharp practice attempts to try and conclude a claim based on an offer where that claim has substantially changed.
A further year has passed without any definitive guidance from the courts as to proportionality with different approaches being applied across the courts as to whether the test should apply at the commencement of the assessment or the conclusion when costs had been fully considered.
Nicholas Bacon QC has in a recent interview branded it "unacceptable" that there is still no guidance, judicial or otherwise, on the proportionality test more than five years after it has come into force. It is certainly the case that proportionality remains a fluid concept with no definitive nor consistent application to assessments of bills of costs or budgets and that the influencing factor is not the circumstances of the case but the interpretation and opinion of the judge or Master before whom the bill or budget falls to be assessed.
Whilst not strictly a costs judgment there are important observations within the WG v HG  EWFC B66 judgment of Mr Justice Francis as to the approach to be taken to litigation.
The matter concerned divorce proceedings between WG and HG. The Applicant wife had made an application for financial provision against her former husband and had incurred legal costs of over £900,000. Between them the parties had spent circa £1.4 million on legal fees.
A submission was made by the Applicant's Counsel, Jonathan Southgate QC that the wife ought to be entitled to full indemnity in respect of all of her costs, the rationale being that her costs were a debt that needed to be paid and that in a needs case, her needs were required to be met. This was in contrast to the usual outcome in a sharing case that each party would pay his and her own respective costs.
It is of note that the husband had offered to pay the wife's costs on the standard basis to be subject to assessment at an earlier stage in the year and Francis J noted that his position was far closer to the likely outcome at trial than his ex-wife's. It followed that Francis J awarded the Applicant Wife £400,000 in respect of costs, effectively leaving her with some £500,000 to find to meet her legal team's costs.
Mr Justice Francis' final comment in the matter, "Parties cannot spend £1million on their representation without being prepared to face the consequences of their decision to incur that level of expenditure." is an important guide as to how parties should approach the funding of litigation, and should also be considered important as to the advice solicitors should, in a privately paying matter, be expected to provide their client.
One of the more important decisions to come out this year is that of Gempride Ltd. V Bamrah & Anor  EWCA Civ 1367 which held that solicitors who instruct costs draftsman and others "remain ultimately responsible for the acts and omissions of those to whom they delegate parts of the conduct of litigation, particularly when those to whom such work is delegated are not authorised". In this case, miscertification was found to constitute misconduct under CPR44.11 and the appropriate order was to disallow half of the profit costs claimed within the bill.
The Claimant in the matter was a solicitor and sole practitioner. After being injured in an accident she instructed her own firm to represent her in a personal injury action and work was done under a CFA. The matter settled for £50,000 and the Defendant was to pay costs.
On assessment the Defendant queried the hourly rate applied to the matter and whether before the event insurance was available to the Claimant, the assessment came, initially, before Master Leonard, sitting as a District Judge. The Master considered that there had been issues relating to a failure to disclose the availability of before the event insurance and the hourly rate and an application was issued by the Defendant seeking permission to resile from the concession regarding the unavailability of alternative funding and alleging that the Claimant's conduct was unreasonable or improper and seeking relief.
The application proceeded to a hearing and the same was allowed with the Master noting comments from the Claimant's costs draftsman as to the alteration and retrospective application of the hourly rate of £280 and that the Claimant had certified a misleading bill of costs. Criticism was further levelled as to the Claimant's recording that BTE was available but assertions made to the Defendant that it was not. No express finding of dishonesty was made but a sanction was imposed that in respect of Part 1 of the Bill, the profit costs were to be disallowed insofar as they exceeded the fixed hourly rate recoverable by a litigant in person.
The matter proceeded to an Appeal before a Circuit Judge and assessor which lasted 13 days. The Claimant proceeded to blame her costs draftsmen and a re-hearing was held with the Defendant ordered to pay the Claimant's costs on an indemnity basis and to pay the Claimant's personal costs of attending the Appeal to the Circuit Judge.
This decision was subsequently appealed to the Court of Appeal which overturned the Circuit Judge's decision and re implemented the decision of Master Leonard albeit varying it to reduce the sanction to a reduction of 50% of the Claimant's profit costs as opposed to limitation to a litigant in person rate which was deemed to be a disproportionate response.
The extremely lengthy judgments levelled criticism against the Claimant and her draftsmen for their conduct in the matter but provided clear guidance that the Claimant as a solicitor was to retain responsibility for acts and omissions of those to whom she chose to delegate the conduct of litigation.
This case is a reminder, if ever one was needed, that work ought to be delegated only to regulated professionals.
Here at Bidwell Henderson we are always happy to help with any costs queries or costs litigation which you may have. We offer flexible and competitive terms and have an extensive team of draftspeople and Costs Lawyers across the country specialising in all aspects of Legal Aid and Inter-Partes work.


The MD60 Reliance drive line is manufactured by Rockwell Automation and replaces the obsolete drive lines discontinued in 2009. These drives are easy to install and use, including all necessary components within the drive itself. These AC Drives range from 1/4HP (0.25HP) to 5HP and have an optional installation kit that can accompany them for NEMA 1 / IP30. The MD60 includes a built-in LED display as well as operator controls, including a single turn potentiometer for speed reference. Built-in dynamic braking circuitry only requires the addition of a braking resistor to meet higher performance application needs to handle fast accel & decel rates.


text:
Denis Papastratides, surnommé Papas, est un footballeur français né le  à Lyon (Rhône). Il a joué à l'Olympique lyonnais en 1960.

Biographie

Il entraîne l'équipe lyonnaise d'octobre 1987 à mars 1988 (second entraîneur de l'ère Aulas).

Carrière de joueur
 1947-1957 :  FC Villefranche
 1957-1960 :  FC Grenoble
 1960-1961 :  Olympique lyonnais
 1962-1968 :  FC Villefranche
 1968-1971 :  CS Cuiseaux puis Club sportif Louhans-Cuiseaux

Carrière d'entraîneur
 1966-1968 :  FC Villefranche
 1969-1971 :  CS Cuiseaux
 1971-1974 :  FC Villefranche
 1976-1985 :  CS Cuiseaux-Louhans
 oct. 1987- :  Olympique lyonnais
 Mars- : Olympique lyonnais (directeur sportif)
 1989-1998 :  FC Villefranche

Notes et références

Liens externes

Footballeur français
Joueur du Grenoble Foot 38
Joueur de l'Olympique lyonnais
Joueur du Louhans-Cuiseaux FC
Joueur du FC Villefranche Beaujolais
Entraîneur français de football
Entraîneur de l'Olympique lyonnais
Naissance en août 1937
Naissance à Lyon

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


I can understand this guy's desperation and the stand that he felt he needed to take. I'm glad It was non-threatening! I am so relieved he wasn't killed in the process! If you have a grievance with the government or know of a way to make our country great again, please send me a YouTube video. It should be no longer than three minutes and with zero profanity. Please stay safe and respect the fact that the people who protect our country will be doing their job!


Adam Angeloni (centre), with some of the apprentices at Downsview Park in Toronto.
Adam Angeloni didn't plan on having a career in the green profession. In his first career, he spent years making his way up through Toronto's TV and film industry on the production side.
Feeling a responsibility to the environment and that he wasn't staying true to his personal beliefs, Angeloni decided he needed a career he thoroughly enjoyed, that was also unique, and one he could be proud of.
"I proceeded to find the nearest garden centre and begged for a job," Angeloni says. A year later, with a child on the way, Angeloni was enrolled in the Apprenticeship Program and was earning $10.50 an hour. "I couldn't have been any happier," he recalls.
Now, Angeloni is Manager, Parks and Surface Area Operations at BGIS, a world-wide company that provides consulting, management and services to occupiers of real estate. BGIS currently holds the facility management contract for Downsview Park in Toronto.
At Downsview Park, Angeloni mentors a team of the next generation of landscape professionals, many of whom are at various stages within the Horticultural Technician Apprenticeship Program. Having completed the program himself, Angeloni is a certified Red Seal horticultural technician and says he owes that, and his current position at Downsview, to former teacher and mentor, Paul Ronan.
During his first semester in the Apprenticeship Program, Angeloni sought the advice of his teacher in order to set out some new goals. "I expressed my goals and concerns, and Paul knew what I wanted," Angeloni explains. "He listened and believed in what I wanted for myself."Ronan is still a mentor and personal friend to this day.
By encouraging and supporting his team members to participate in the Apprenticeship Program, Angeloni has created a culture where team members feel valued, appreciated, trusted, confident and responsible for the success of everyone involved.
All of Angeloni's apprentices feel a genuine gratitude for the investment, support, encouragement, commitment and opportunities provided to them through the employer sponsored Apprenticeship Program. On the employer side, having staff engaged in the program goes a long way in helping with employee retention and recruitment.
The Horticultural Technician Apprenticeship Program is offered at five post-secondary institutions across Ontario. The program consists of approximately 80 per cent on-the-job training and 20 per cent in-class training over two 12-week winter semesters. For more information on the program and employer incentives, visit HorticultureTechnican.ca.
Christine Balmes has worked in the landscape profession for just one year, and is new to the team at Downsview Park. She says, "Downsview Park is a great place to learn and a wonderful place to work." Having completed her first year of in-class training, she plans to complete the entire program and ultimately obtain her Red Seal. "I like the opportunity to be certified because it gives me the ability to work anywhere in Canada," she says.
New to the Downsview Park team this season, Madeline Midgley has worked in the profession for about three years, and had never heard of the Apprenticeship Program until she had talked with Adam Angeloni.
In her first season at Downsview, Janakai has completed her first year of in-class training for the Apprenticeship Program.
Janakai says her previous employer, Malcolm Shute, really encouraged her to pursue the program.
Rosalyn Endlich was hired three years ago to take care of, and further develop, the public orchard at Downsview Park. Endlich is a senior member of the team who has completed the program and is now ready to write her Red Seal exam.
"Early on, my boss, Adam Angeloni, began encouraging me to learn more about the program and to consider it as an important next step in my career," Endlich recalls. With a strong academic background, but not much experience with horticulture or parks, Enlich says she decided to take Angeloni's advice and pursue apprenticeship because she loved her job and was eager to learn more and to build her skills.
Preston Taylor is one of the senior members of the team at Downsview Park. Now in his fifth year in the profession, four of those at Downsview. Taylor has completed his second year of in-class training and Taylor says "the amount of variety and experience I get working with Adam in one year is definitely more than I would get working for four full years anywhere else." One of Taylor's priorities is the maintenance of the large, wide open turf area that is used almost every weekend in summer for large concerts and festivals which can wreak havoc on the area.
For Preston, the fact his employer has invested in the program means they are also committed to improving the overall professionalism of the industry and well as realizing the benefit skilled workers can bring to the workforce.


text:
EdChoice to Host School Choice 'Miss Virginia' Film Screening and Q&A
PR Newswire January 15, 2020
Virginia Walden Ford, whose life inspired the film, will participate in Q&A
INDIANAPOLIS, Jan. 15, 2020 /PRNewswire/ -- Families, students and community members are invited to enjoy hors d'oeuvres, drinks and conversation before a showing of "Miss Virginia" on Jan. 29.
Miss Virginia, the critically acclaimed Moving Picture Institute Original feature film starring Uzo Aduba, Matthew Modine, Vanessa Williams, and Niles Fitch, is inspired by the true story of Virginia Walden Ford. A struggling single mother, she is losing her teenage son to the rough streets of Washington, DC. Unwilling to see him drop out and deal drugs, she puts him in a private school. But when she can't afford tuition, she launches a movement to change the system that is destroying him and thousands like him.
Screening of "Miss Virginia"
Conrad Indianapolis
Wednesday, Jan. 29.
Following the screening, Ford will host a question-and-answer session where she will discuss how her personal advocacy on behalf of her son led her to fight for better school options for all families.
The film event is planned to coincide with the history-making celebration of National School Choice Week 2020, which will feature more than 50,000 school choice events across all 50 states.
"Virginia's story is nothing short of amazing, and it's a reminder to all of us who advocate for increased educational opportunity that one person—one mom on a mission, if you will—can make a huge difference for all families," said Jennifer Wagner, Vice President of Communications for EdChoice. "We hope people leave the screening invigorated about the future of school choice in Indiana."
The "Miss Virginia" screening and meet-and-greet are hosted by EdChoice, a nonprofit, nonpartisan organization dedicated to advancing full and unencumbered educational choice as the best pathway to successful lives and a stronger society.
As a nonpartisan, nonpolitical public awareness effort, National School Choice Week shines a positive spotlight on effective education options for students, families, and communities around the country. From January 26 through February 1, 2020, more than 50,000 independently-planned events will be held in celebration of the Week. For more information, visit www.schoolchoiceweek.com.
View original content:http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/edchoice-to-host-school-choice-miss-virginia-film-screening-and-qa-300984786.html
SOURCE National School Choice Week
Sundance 2020: The LGBTQ Films We Can't Wait to See in Park City
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Media People: Dan Wakeford of People Magazine

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Having to deal with multiple Gmail email accounts within a web browser can become somewhat counterproductive with all the tabs that usually start stacking up one after another.
A solution to this problem is offered by WMail, a streamlined piece of software that brings your Gmail and Google Inbox from your web browser directly onto your computer's desktop.
Subsequent to a typical and surprise-free installation, you are met by an empty main window where you are required to input your official Google credentials in order to log in.
As mentioned before, you have the option to choose from adding a Gmail and a Google Inbox instance, both requiring the same credentials. Please note that you can add any number of other instances for other Google accounts.
Getting to grips with this app is not challenging in the least, as it basically brings you the web-based interfaces of the previously mentioned Google services with which you are clearly already familiar.
You can add and access all your Google accounts from the app's sidebar, found on the left side of the main window, which is also the only GUI element that really stands out on its own. Please note that from the same sidebar, you can also access the app's Settings section.
From this section, you can customize the way WMail behaves. For example, from the General tab, you can enable or disable the tray icon, activate unread number badge, enable the spell checker, turn the notifications sounds on or off, choose a default download location and hide GUI elements like the sidebar and the menubar.
Taking everything into consideration, WMail is a practical application for everyone who wants to have quick access to Gmail or Google Inbox directly from their computer's desktop.
The application runs smooth, comes with a modern-looking interface and boasts enough simple and novice-accessible features to make it worthy of your attention, regardless your computer experience.


The Crowne Plaza Dundalk is a 4 star conference hotel located in Dundalk, Co. Louth. With a Conference capacity of up to 400 people, this conference hotel in Dundalk is a great choice for you Dundalk or Louth conference hotel.
The Crowne Plaza Dundalk also has 12 meeting rooms and an executive boardroom, all of the meeting rooms are fully equipped and come with complimentary flipchart, screen, still minerals, blotters, pads, pencils and stationary amenity kits for a great conference hotel Dundalk experience.


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Tessellated fundus appearance and its association with myopic refractive error
Jagadeesh, D., Philip, K., Naduvilath, T. J., Fedtke, C., Jong, M., Zou, H. & Sankaridurg, P., Jul 2019, In: The Australasian journal of optometry. 102, 4, p. 378-384 7 p.
Testing Temporal Stability of Recreation Values
Rolfe, J. & Dyack, B., 1 May 2019, In: Ecological Economics. 159, p. 75-83 9 p.
travel cost
Travel Cost Model
Testing the unsolved problems hypothesis: The evolutionary life issues-mitigating function of nature exposure and its relationship with human well-being
O, J., Kavanagh, P. S., Brüne, M. & Esposito, G., Aug 2019, In: Urban Forestry and Urban Greening. 44, p. 1-9 9 p., 126396.
environmental exposure
Testosterone therapy to prevent type 2 diabetes mellitus in at-risk men (T4DM): Design and implementation of a double-blind randomized controlled trial
Wittert, G., Atlantis, E., Allan, C., Bracken, K., Conway, A., Daniel, M., Gebski, V., Grossmann, M., Hague, W., Handelsman, D. J., Inder, W., Jenkins, A., Keech, A., McLachlan, R., Robledo, K., Stuckey, B. & Yeap, B. B., 1 Apr 2019, In: Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism. 21, 4, p. 772-780 9 p.
The Affective Circle of Harassment and Enchantment: Reflections on the ŌURA Ring as an Intimate Research Device
Salmela, T., Valtonen, A. & Lupton, D., Mar 2019, In: Qualitative Inquiry. 25, 3, p. 260-270 11 p.
The anti-inflammatory potential of diet and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: The ATTICA study
Tyrovolas, S., Panagiotakos, D. B., Georgousopoulou, E. N., Chrysohoou, C., Skoumas, J., Pan, W., Tousoulis, D. & Pitsavos, C., 1 Jun 2019, In: Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology. 12, p. 1-11 11 p.
Anti-Inflammatory Agents
The archaeological archive: material traces and recovered histories
IRELAND, T., 10 Jan 2019, What is Public History Globally. Ashton, P. & Trapeznick, A. (eds.). London: Bloomsbury Academic, p. 1-12 12 p.
Research output: A Conference proceeding or a Chapter in Book › Chapter › peer-review
The Association between Green and Black Tea Consumption on Successful Aging: A Combined Analysis of the ATTICA and MEDiterranean ISlands (MEDIS) Epidemiological Studies
Naumovski, N., Foscolou, A., D'Cunha, N. M., Tyrovolas, S., Chrysohoou, C., Sidossis, L. S., Rallidis, L., Matalas, A-L., Polychronopoulos, E., Pitsavos, C. & Panagiotakos, D., 15 May 2019, In: Molecules. 24, 10, p. 1-13 13 p., 1862.
Mediterranean Islands
Aging of materials
The Association between Whole Grain Products Consumption and Successful Aging: A Combined Analysis of MEDIS and ATTICA Epidemiological Studies
Foscolou, A., D'Cunha, N. M., Naumovski, N., Tyrovolas, S., Chrysohoou, C., Rallidis, L., Matalas, A-L., Sidossis, L. S. & Panagiotakos, D., Jun 2019, In: Nutrients. 11, 6, p. 1-12 12 p., 1221.
grain consumption
whole grain foods
The association of self-regulation, habit, and mindfulness with texting while driving
Moore, M. M. & Brown, P. M., 1 Feb 2019, In: Accident Analysis and Prevention. 123, p. 20-28 9 p.
The Australian National Rabbit Database: 50 yr of population monitoring of an invasive species
Roy-Dufresne, E., Lurgi, M., Brown, S. C., Wells, K., Cooke, B., Mutze, G., Peacock, D., Cassey, P., Berman, D., Brook, B. W., Campbell, S., Cox, T., Daly, J., Dunk, I., Elsworth, P., Fletcher, D., Forsyth, D. M., Hocking, G., Kovaliski, J., Leane, M. & 17 others, Low, B., Kennedy, M., Matthews, J., McPhee, S., Mellin, C., Mooney, T., Moseby, K., Read, J., Richardson, B. J., Schneider, K., Schwarz, E., Sinclair, R., Strive, T., Triulcio, F., West, P., Saltré, F. & Fordham, D. A., 1 Jul 2019, In: Ecology. 100, 7, p. 1-1 1 p., e02750.
The beneficial health effects of green tea amino acid l-theanine in animal models: Promises and prospects for human trials
Williams, J., Sergi, D., McKune, A. J., Georgousopoulou, E. N., Mellor, D. D. & Naumovski, N., 2019, In: Phytotherapy Research. 33, 3, p. 571-583 13 p.
The black sheep of forensic science: military forensic and technical exploitation
Wilson, L. E., Gahan, M. E., Lennard, C. & Robertson, J., 2 Nov 2019, In: Australian Journal of Forensic Sciences. 51, 6, p. 636-648 13 p.
Explosive Agents
The Burpee Enigma: Literature Review
Bingley, S., Witchalls, J., McKune, A. & Humberstone, C., Oct 2019, In: Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport. 22, p. 1-1 1 p.
Research output: Contribution to journal › Meeting Abstract › peer-review
High-Intensity Interval Training
The career paths of Australian communication and media degree holders
LEWIS, P. & LEE, J. Y., 2019, (Unpublished) p. 1-1. 1 p.
Research output: Contribution to conference (non-published works) › Abstract › peer-review
The case of Lava jato: Examining the gaps between Petrobras' Corporate Social Responsibility agenda and their corruption practices
Voss, B., Carter, D. & Warren, R., 30 Oct 2019, p. 1-41. 41 p.
federal police
The Cone of Silence
Gibson, R. & Keys, N., 6 May 2019, 13 p. Sydney, Australia : The Sydney Review of Books.
Research output: Textual Creative Works › Other contribution
jet aircraft noise
noise prediction
The conservation significance of the biota of barrow island, western australia
Lynch, A. J. J., Beeton, R. J. S. & Greenslade, P., 2019, In: Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia. 102, p. 98-133 36 p.
The cost, availability, cultivars, and quality of fruit and vegetables at farmers' markets and three other retail streams in Canberra, ACT, Australia
O'Kane, G., Richardson, A., D'almeida, M. & Wei, H., Sep 2019, In: Journal of Hunger and Environmental Nutrition. 14, 5, p. 643-661 19 p.
The Crisis of Democracy and the Science of Deliberation: Citizens can avoid polarization and make sound decisions
DRYZEK, J., Bachtiger, A., Chambers, S., Cohen, J., Druckman, J., Felicetti, A., Fishkin, J., Farrell, D., Fung, A., Gutmann, A., Landemore, H., Mansbridge, J., Marien, S., NIEMEYER, S., Neblo, M., Setala, M., Slothuus, R., Suiter, J., Thompson, D. & Warren, M., 15 Mar 2019, Science, 363, 6432, p. 1144–1146 3 p.
Research output: Contribution to Newspaper/Magazine/Bulletin › Article
The Culture of Contentment: The Australian Economy 2016-2019
EVANS, M. & LI, J., 23 Aug 2019, From Turnbull to Morrison: The Trust Divide. Evans, M., Grattan, M. & McCaffrie, B. (eds.). Melbourne: Melbourne University Press, p. 41-58 18 p.
public expenditures
The Development and Validation of the Thwarted Belongingness Scale (TBS) for Interpersonal Suicide Risk
Ma, J., Batterham, P. J., Calear, A. L. & Sunderland, M., Sep 2019, In: Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment. 41, 3, p. 456-469 14 p.
Psychological Theory
The digital news habits of regional consumers
FISHER, C. & PARK, S., 2019, Regional News Media: State of Play. Sydney, Australia: University of Technology, Sydney, p. 33-47 16 p.
Research output: A Conference proceeding or a Chapter in Book › Chapter
The digit ratio (2D:4D) relationship with testosterone is moderated by physical training: Evidence of prenatal organizational influences on activational patterns of adult testosterone in physically-active women
Crewther, B. T. & Cook, C. J., 1 Apr 2019, In: Early Human Development. 131, p. 51-55 5 p.
Corpus Luteum
Gonadal Steroid Hormones
The Divergent Dynamics of Cities and Towns: Geographical Polarisation and Brexit
Jennings, W. & Stoker, G., Apr 2019, In: Political Quarterly. 90, S2, p. 155-166 12 p.
voting behavior
economic trend
economic change
The Divorced Family Focused Care Model: A nursing model to enhance child and family mental health and well-being of bereaved children following parental divorce and subsequent parental cancer and death
Marcussen, J., Hounsgaard, L., Bruun, P., Laursen, M. G., Thuen, F. & WILSON, R., 7 Aug 2019, In: Journal of Family Nursing. 25, 3, p. 419-446 28 p.
Parental Death
Nursing Models
The Earth System Governance Project as a network organization: a critical assessment after ten years
Biermann, F., Betsill, M. M., Burch, S., Dryzek, J., Gordon, C., Gupta, A., Gupta, J., Inoue, C., Kalfagianni, A., Kanie, N., Olsson, L., Persson, Å., Schroeder, H. & Scobie, M., 1 Aug 2019, In: Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability. 39, p. 17-23 7 p.
The Economic Rewards of an Australian Creative Arts Degree
LEWIS, P. & LEE, J. Y., 2019, In: Oxford Journal: An International Journal of Business Economics. 14, 1, p. 18-30 13 p.
Monetary Incentives
The effectiveness of non-native fish removal techniques in freshwater ecosystems: A systematic review
Rytwinski, T., Taylor, J. J., Donaldson, L. A., Britton, J. R., Browne, D. R., Gresswell, R. E., Lintermans, M., Prior, K. A., Pellatt, M. G., Vis, C. & Cooke, S. J., 1 Jan 2019, In: Environmental Reviews. 27, 1, p. 71-94 24 p.
The effect of a residential care pharmacist on medication administration practices in aged care: A controlled trial
McDerby, N., Kosari, S., Bail, K., Shield, A., Peterson, G. & Naunton, M., 21 Feb 2019, In: Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics. p. 1-8 8 p.
Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions
Homes for the Aged
The effect of blueberry interventions on cognitive performance and mood: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials
Travica, N., D'Cunha, N. M., Naumovski, N., Kent, K., Mellor, D. D., Firth, J., Georgousopoulou, E. N., Dean, O. M., Loughman, A., Jacka, F. & Marx, W., 2019, In: Brain, Behavior, and Immunity. p. 1-10 10 p.
Anthocyanins
The effect of CSR commitment on firms' level of internationalization
Khojastehpour, M. & Saleh, A., 18 Nov 2019, In: Social Responsibility Journal. p. 1-18 18 p.
The effect of different drying techniques on phytochemical content and in vitro antioxidant properties of Australian-grown prickly pears (Opuntia ficus indica)
Gouws, C. A., D'Cunha, N. M., Georgousopoulou, E. N., Mellor, D. D. & Naumovski, N., 1 Mar 2019, In: Journal of Food Processing and Preservation. 43, 3, p. 1-11 11 p., e13900.
The Effect of Exclusive Olive Oil Consumption on Successful Aging: A Combined Analysis of the ATTICA and MEDIS Epidemiological Studies
Foscolou, A., Critselis, E., Tyrovolas, S., Chrysohoou, C., Sidossis, L. S., Naumovski, N., Matalas, A-L., Rallidis, L., Polychronopoulos, E., Ayuso-Mateos, J. L., Haro, J. M. & Panagiotakos, D., Jan 2019, In: Foods. 8, 1, p. 1-11 11 p., 25.
The effect of hospitalization on potentially inappropriate medication use in older adults with chronic kidney disease
Tesfaye, W. H., Wimmer, B. C., Peterson, G. M., Castelino, R. L., Jose, M. D., McKercher, C. & Zaidi, S. T. R., 3 Jun 2019, In: Current Medical Research and Opinion. 35, 6, p. 1119-1126 8 p.
Potentially Inappropriate Medication List
The effect of implicit theories of pain on pain and disability in people with chronic low back pain
Summers, S. J., Higgins, N. C., Te, M., Byrne, A. & Chipchase, L. S., 29 Jan 2019, In: Manual Therapy. 40, p. 65-71 7 p.
The Effect of Juicing Methods on the Phytochemical and Antioxidant Characteristics of the Purple Prickly Pear (Opuntia ficus indica): Preliminary Findings on Juice and Pomace
Gouws, C., Georgouopoulou, E., Mellor, D. & Naumovski, N., 1 Apr 2019, In: Beverages. 5, 2, p. 1-18 18 p.
pomace
chemical constituents of plants
The Effect of Self-Paced and Prescribed Inter-Set Rest Strategies on Performance in Strength Training
IBBOTT, P., BALL, N., WELVAERT, M. & Thompson, K. G., Aug 2019, In: International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance. 14, 7, p. 980-986 7 p.
Quadriceps Muscle
The Effect of Speed, Power and Strength Training, and a Group Motivational Presentation on Physiological Markers of Athlete Readiness: A Case Study in Professional Rugby
Serpell, B. G., Strahorn, J., Colomer, C., McKune, A., Cook, C. & Pumpa, K., 2019, In: International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance. 14, 1, p. 125-129 5 p.
The Effects Of 5-week Cup-tap Or Lower-limb-strength Exercise On Proprioception And Mobility In Community-dwelling Elderly
Tian, X., Tong, Y., Wang, Y., Han, J., Waddington, G., Adams, R., Witchalls, J. & El-Ansary, D., Jun 2019, In: Medicine Science in Sports Exercise. 51, Supplement, p. 312-312 1 p.
Research output: Contribution to journal › Meeting Abstract
The effects of a severe perineal trauma prevention program in an Australian tertiary hospital: An observational study
Borrman, M. J., Davis, D., Porteous, A. & Lim, B., 17 Sep 2019, In: Australian journal of midwifery : professional journal of the Australian College of Midwives Incorporated. p. 1-6 6 p.
Tertiary Care Centers
The effects of a structured group exercise programme on functional fitness of older persons living in old-age homes
Chetty, L., Ramklass, S. S. & McKune, A. J., 1 Sep 2019, In: Ageing and Society. 39, 9, p. 1857-1872 16 p.
The effects of comorbidity on colorectal cancer mortality in an Australian cancer population
Pule, M. L., Buckley, E., Niyonsenga, T. & Roder, D., 2019, In: Scientific Reports. 9, p. 1-10 10 p., 8580.
The Effects of Dietary Polyphenols on Circulating Cardiovascular Disease Biomarkers and Iron Status: A Systematic Review
Speer, H., D'Cunha, N. M., Botek, M., McKune, A. J., Sergi, D., Georgousopoulou, E., Mellor, D. D. & Naumovski, N., 21 Oct 2019, In: Nutrition and metabolic insights. 12, p. 1-12 12 p.
The Effects of Green Tea Amino Acid L-Theanine Consumption on the Ability to Manage Stress and Anxiety Levels: a Systematic Review
Williams, J. L., Everett, J. M., D'Cunha, N. M., Sergi, D., Georgousopoulou, E. N., Keegan, R. J., McKune, A. J., Mellor, D. D., Anstice, N. & Naumovski, N., 22 Nov 2019, In: Qualitas Plantarum Plant Foods for Human Nutrition. p. 1-12 12 p.
Research output: Contribution to journal › Systematic Review › peer-review
The emerging radiographer's transient community service professional career pathway
Johnson, B., Makanjee, C. & Hoffmann, W. A., 17 Oct 2019, In: Health SA Gesondheid. 24, p. 1-10 10 p., a1280.
The Fabric of Light
Webb, J., Oct 2019, 6 p. Waiheke NZ : Waiheke Community Art Gallery.
The first genetic map for yellow lupin enables genetic dissection of adaptation traits in an orphan grain legume crop
Iqbal, M. M., Huynh, M., Udall, J. A., Kilian, A., Adhikari, K. N., Berger, J. D., Erskine, W. & Nelson, M. N., 14 Aug 2019, In: BMC Genetics. 20, 1, p. 1-13 13 p., 68.
Quantitative Trait Loci
Population Biological Variation
The Food Literacy Action Logic Model: A Tertiary Education Sector Innovative Strategy to Support the Charitable Food Sectors Need for Food Literacy Training
Lawlis, T., Sambell, R., Douglas-Watson, A., Belton, S. & Devine, A., 12 Apr 2019, In: Nutrients. 11, 4, p. 1-10 10 p., 837.
The global effect of extreme weather events on nutrient supply: A superposed epoch analysis
Park, C. S., Vogel, E., Larson, L. M., Myers, S. S., Daniel, M. & Biggs, B. A., Oct 2019, In: The Lancet Planetary Health. 3, 10, p. e429-e438 10 p.


GradGuard's mission is to help protect the investment student's and their families make in a higher education. We aim publish research and bring attention to trends of vital interests to our colleagues who work to promote greater student success.
Each May, we are reminded of the importance of the mental health of students. Mental Health Awareness Month is a key time to understand the growth in medical conditions that can disrupt a student's education. An analysis of data from 2010 - 2015 National College Health Assessment reports a dramatic growth in student reported incidents of the following mental health conditions.
University officials and college families are often aware that their college student may be vulnerable to the stress of college life. And most are also keenly aware that student health problems such as a mononucleosis, chronic health conditions or injuries also may force a student to withdraw from classes and cost a student and their family thousands of dollars.
Fortunately colleges and universities provide a variety of services including student health and counseling clinics. Even still supporting a college student through an unexpected event can be stressful and it is made worse if parents are not aware of the college refund policy. A 2016 survey by College Parents of America indicates 71% of parents do not recall being informed of the university refund policy and 67% of parents surveyed indicate that they have no idea how the school would handle a refund if their student was unable to complete classes.
In fact, in a 2017 national survey of college & university bursars & health administrators, less than 15% of schools report providing 100% refunds. According to the survey, most schools refund only a portion of tuition for qualified withdrawals through the fifth week of classes and virtually no school provides a refund for the academic fees.
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For most college families, college is the 1st or 2nd largest investment in their family financial life. As a result, it is a smart move for schools to verify that they have disclosed their refund policy to each student and provided the opportunity for them to also protect their investment in a higher education with GradGuard's tuition insurance. GradGuard is pleased to be a leader in providing protection for both schools and the students they serve.


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Ryan McCartan (* 14. Juni 1993 in Minnesota) ist ein US-amerikanischer Schauspieler.

Leben
Ryan McCartan wurde im Juni 1993 in Minnesota geboren. Sein Schauspieldebüt gab er 2011 in dem Fernsehfilm Extremely Decent. Danach war er jeweils in einer Gastrolle in The Middle, Monday Mornings und Last Man Standing zu sehen.

Sein Durchbruch gelang McCartan mit der Nebenrolle des Diggie Smalls in der Disney-Channel-Jugendserie Liv und Maddie, die seit Juli 2013 auf dem Sender ausgestrahlt wird. 2015 spielte er Hauptrollen in den Fernsehfilmen Summer Forever und R.L. Stine – Geisterstadt: Kabinett des Schreckens.

Seit August 2013 war McCartan mit seiner Schauspielkollegin Dove Cameron liiert. Das Paar gab am 14. April 2016 seine Verlobung bekannt.
Jedoch gaben die beiden Anfang Oktober 2016 ihre Trennung bekannt.
Seit September 2017 ist er mit Samantha Fekete liiert.

Filmografie
 2011: Extremely Decent (Fernsehfilm)
 2013: The Middle (Fernsehserie, Episode 4x15)
 2013–2017: Liv und Maddie (Fernsehserie)
 2013: Monday Mornings (Fernsehserie, Episode 1x05)
 2014: Last Man Standing (Fernsehserie, Episode 3x15)
 2014: Royal Pains (Fernsehserie, 4 Episoden)
 2015: Austin & Ally (Fernsehserie, Episode 4x06)
 2015: Summer Forever (Fernsehfilm)
 2015: R.L. Stine – Geisterstadt: Kabinett des Schreckens (R.L. Stine's Monsterville: The Cabinet of Souls)
 2016: The Rocky Horror Picture Show: Let's Do the Time Warp Again (Fernsehfilm)
 2016: The Standoff
 2017: Freakish (Serie)
 2018: Love Daily (Serie)

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Filmschauspieler
US-Amerikaner
Geboren 1993
Mann


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Land & Reconciliation
Having the right conversations
Leanne Betasamosake Simpson
Photo: Eli Sagor | https://www.flickr.com/photos/esagor/9494955078
This past summer, a conflict occurred between cottagers and Mississauga Nishnaabeg wild rice harvesters on Pigeon Lake in Ontario when folks from the "Save Pigeon Lake" group were issued permits from the Trent-Severn Waterway and Parks Canada to hire a contractor to remove wild rice from the lake.
Curve Lake First Nation member James Whetung was at the centre of the controversy, as a harvester who sells Black Duck Wild Rice regularly at the Peterborough Farmer's Market and who has been reseeding Pigeon Lake for the past few years.
James is an important person in Mississauga Nishnaabeg communities because he is an expert on wild rice. He has spent years refining the complicated processing of the rice, nurturing the beds back to life, and teaching others how to do the same. He also provides local Nishnaabe communities, my community, and the broader Peterborough community with a local, sustainably harvested source of wild rice, so we don't have to rely on commercially produced rice from Minnesota.
Minomiin, or wild rice, has grown in our territory since time immemorial and it used to cover many of the lakes in this area, including Pimadashkodeyong (Rice Lake) and Chemong. Curve Lake Elder Doug Williams recounts stories of a tiny canoe path up the centre of Chemong because the rice was so thick and healthy. Our families lived good lives with a beautiful sustainable food system because of wild rice.
Minomiin is a cornerstone of Mississauga Nishnaabeg governance, economy, and well-being. As a food, it is high in protein, and through a complex drying and curing process, it can last through the winter as a staple food, when hunting and fishing are more difficult. Mississauga Nishnaabeg families gather in ricing areas in the fall to pick and process rice – which involves drying, roasting, dancing, and winnowing. Songs, stories, and ceremonies were interwoven with each step. Large amounts of minomiin were cached for the winter.
How can we "advance the process of Canadian reconciliation" without talking about land?
In November, wild rice harvesters from Curve Lake First Nation (Doug Williams and James Whetung) and Alderville First Nation (Dave Mowat and myself) came together with a supportive audience in the Peterborough Public Library to talk about minomiin and reconciliation.
Reconciliation is a word that we've heard a lot lately in the media. The Truth and Reconciliation Commission recently concluded its work and has released its final report with 93 recommendations, which Prime Minister Trudeau has promised to implement "in order to redress the legacy of residential schools and advance the process of Canadian reconciliation."
Land is not mentioned in any of the recommendations, in part because the commission was set up to focus on individual suffering in residential schools. Yet, residential schools were a strategy used by Canada to break the connection between Indigenous peoples and our lands, so the state could access the land for settlement and for natural resources.
Read more: Land and Power – a review of Leanne Betasamosake Simpson's latest book "As We Have Always Done"
By taking our children and holding them hostage, the federal government truncated what Indigenous parents were willing to do to resist the most devastating aspects of colonialism. By breaking the intimate connection between children and their families, their culture, their language and their land, the state was attempting to assimilate Indigenous peoples into Canadian society and eliminate barriers to natural resources and land. By removing children from Indigenous education systems, the state was hoping to eliminate Indigenous forms of governance and leadership.
Beyond the individual suffering of Indigenous children and families, residential schools have had significant, ongoing implications for maintaining the system of settler colonialism in Canada. While colonialism is something from the past for most Canadians, Indigenous peoples experience it as a system and a process in the present that prevents us from living as Nishnaabeg in our homeland.
Residential schools were a strategy used by Canada to break the connection between Indigenous peoples and our lands, so the state could access the land for settlement and for natural resources.
Residential schools were just one part of an ugly and ongoing strategy to destroy Indigenous nations that included policies such as the Indian Act, fraudulent treaty processes and land theft, the criminalization of Indigenous dissent and resistance, gender violence, and racism.
The past two hundred years have not been kind or fair to the Mississauga Nishnaabeg or our rice. We have been dispossessed, often violently, of virtually all of our territory, which spans the north shore of Lake Ontario. This makes it very difficult for us to live as Nishnaabeg in our homeland.
Wild rice beds have been catastrophically destroyed through construction of the Trent Severn Waterway and fluctuating water levels, the decline of water quality in the lakes, boat traffic, and cottagers actively removing the beds from the waterfront. Our sacred sites, our cemeteries, our hunting grounds, trap lines, fishing spots, ceremonial places, camping places, trails, medicine gathering spots, and wild rice beds are very difficult to access because they are on private land, in provincial parks, or under the control of municipalities and cities.
Wild rice | Photo: Brett Whaley | https://www.flickr.com/photos/brettwhaley/35723325363
This presents a tremendous problem for people like me who are raising Nishnaabeg children and who want my kids to fall in love with their land, know their stories and language, and live in the world as Nishnaabeg. I want them to be able to icefish in the winter, fast at the Kinomaage-Waapkong (the Peterborough Petroglyphs), make maple sugar and trap muskrats in the spring, hunt bullfrogs in the summer, and hunt deer, ducks and geese, and of course harvest minomiin in the fall.
How can we "advance the process of Canadian reconciliation" without talking about land? Local First Nations are currently engaged in several battles to protect land: the ability to harvest rice; the burial mounds on "private land" in Hastings, Ontario; the Fraser property, a tract of land set for condo development in Burleigh Falls; and the protection of our beloved Chi'Minis/Boyd Island.
There are very few places left where we can be Nishnaabeg on our own terms. The federal and provincial governments, after years of court battles, have finally recognized hunting and fishing rights for the Williams Treaty communities. This is a tremendous victory for us, as we have very few places we can hunt. Giving these places back is an excellent start to an ongoing process of reconciliation that is more than just apologies and superficial changes.
While Mississauga Nishnaabeg experience a lot of anger, racism and violence from our neighbours, many local people have also encouraged me to hunt on their land, launch canoes from their waterfront, or harvest medicine from their bush – land that they recognize as Nishnaabeg.
Land is an important conversation for Indigenous peoples and Canada to have because land is at the root of our conflicts. Far from asking settler Canadians to pack up and leave, it is critical that we think about how we can better share land. That's a conversation we're not having, except when conflict escalates to the level it did last summer on Pigeon Lake.
The night at the Peterborough Public Library showed me that there are organizations and people in the Peterborough area that are interested in figuring out how to share and protect land, and that don't feel angry or threatened about me being Nishnaabeg in my territory. Indeed, while Mississauga Nishnaabeg experience a lot of anger, racism and violence from our neighbours, many local people have also encouraged me to hunt on their land, launch canoes from their waterfront, or harvest medicine from their bush – land that they recognize as Nishnaabeg.
I get asked "What do you people want anyway?" a lot in my travels. During Idle No More, I decided to think about that question in a deep way and commit to clearly articulating what I want as a Nishnaabekwe. At the end of my presentation that night at the library, I read my vision for the first time in the city I live in:
I want my great-grandchildren to be able to fall in love with every piece of our territory. I want their bodies to carry with them every story, every song, every piece of poetry hidden in our Nishnaabeg language. I want them to be able to dance through their lives with joy. I want them to live without fear because they know respect, because they know in their bones what respect feels like. I want them to live without fear because they have a pristine environment with clean waterways that will provide them with the physical and emotional sustenance to uphold their responsibilities to the land, their families, their communities, and their nations. I want them to be valued, heard, and cherished by our communities and by Canada no matter their skin colour, their physical and mental abilities, their sexual orientation, or their gender orientation.
I want my great-great-grandchildren and their great-great-grandchildren to be able to live as Mississauga Nishnaabeg unharassed and undeterred in our homeland.
The idea of my arms embracing my grandchildren, and their arms embracing their grandchildren is communicated in the Nishnaabe word kobade. According to elder Edna Manitowabi, kobade is a word we use to refer to our great grandparents and our great-grandchildren. It means a link in a chain – a link in the chain between generations, between nations, between states of being, between individuals. I am a link in a chain. We are all links in a chain.
I want my great-grandchildren to be able to fall in love with every piece of our territory. I want their bodies to carry with them every story, every song, every piece of poetry hidden in our Nishnaabeg language.
Doug Williams, a Mississauga Nishnaabeg elder from Curve Lake First Nation calls our nation Kina Gchi Nishnaabeg ogamig – the place where we all live and work together. Our nation is a hub of Nishnaabe networks. It is a long kobade, cycling through time. It is a web of connections to each other, to the plant nations, the animal nations, the rivers and lakes, the cosmos, and our neighbouring Indigenous nations.
Kina Gchi Nishnaabeg-ogamig is an ecology of intimacy.
It is an ecology of relationships in the absence of coercion, hierarchy, or authoritarian power.
Kina Gchi Nishnaabeg-ogamig is connectivity based on the sanctity of the land, the love we have for our families, our language, our way of life. It is relationships based on deep reciprocity, respect, non-interference, self-determination, and freedom.
Our nationhood is based on the idea that the earth is our first mother, that "natural resources" are not "natural resources" at all, but gifts from our mother. Our nationhood is based on the foundational concept that we should give up what we can to support the integrity of our homelands for the coming generations. We should give more than we take.
It is nationhood based on a series of radiating responsibilities.
This is what I understand our diplomats were negotiating when settlers first arrived in our territory. This was the impetus for those very first treaties – Nishnaabe freedom, protection for the land and the environment, a space – an intellectual, political, spiritual, artistic, creative, and physical space where we could live as Nishnaabe and where our Kobade could do the same.
This is what my Ancestors wanted for me, for us. They wanted for our generation to practice Nishnaabe governance over our homeland, to partner with other governments over shared lands, to have the ability to make decisions about how the gifts of our mother would be used for the benefit of our people and in a manner to promote her sanctity for coming generations. I believe my ancestors expected the settler state to recognize my nation, our lands and the political and cultural norms in our territory.
My nationhood doesn't just radiate outwards, it also radiates inwards. It is my physical body, my mind, and my spirit. It is our families – not the nuclear family that has been normalized in settler society, but big, beautiful, diverse, extended multi-racial families of relatives and friends that care very deeply for each other.
If reconciliation is to be meaningful, we need to be willing to dismantle settler colonialism as a system. Our current government needs to move beyond window dressing and begin to tackle the root causes of Indigenous oppression in Canada. This means respecting when Indigenous peoples say no to development on our lands. It means dismantling land claims and self government processes that require us to terminate our Aboriginal and treaty rights to sit at the table. It means repealing the most damaging aspects of the Indian Act and respecting First Nations political systems, governance, and ability to determine who belongs in our communities. It means being accountable about the collective damage that has been done and is being done, and supporting the regeneration of languages, cultures, and political systems. It means stop fighting us in court. It means giving back land, so we can rebuild and recover from the losses of the last four centuries and truly enter into a new relationship with Canada and Canadians.
Leanne Betasamosake Simpson is a member of Alderville First Nation. She is a writer, artist, and academic. Leanne is the author of Dancing on our Turtle's Back, The Gift Is in the Making, Islands of Decolonial Love, and most recently of As We Have Always Done: Indigenous Freedom Through Radical Resistance. www.leannesimpson.ca
This article originally appeared in Peterborough's Electric City Magazine. www.electriccitymagazine.ca
https://watershedsentinel.ca/articles/land-reconciliation/