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Any Westbury Society News
PEW – Nature Notes for May 2022
April 28, 2022 /0 Comments/in Wildlife/by Andrew Buchanan
Cow Parsley
The link below takes you to a version of the PEW article with colour photographs instead of black & white.
NATURE-NOTES-May-2022.pdf
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Nature Notes – Orchids from June PEW
May 30, 2021 /0 Comments/in Wildlife/by Andrew Buchanan
Colour photographs for the article on p23 of June 2021 PEW
Common Spotted Orchid
Pyramidal Orchid
Greater Butterfly Orchid
Bee Orchid
Plus two bonus photos:
Early Purple Orchid
White variant of Green-winged Orchid
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Wildflowers in May
May 2, 2021 /0 Comments/in Wildlife/by Andrew Buchanan
Colour photographs for the article on p19 of May 2021 PEW
Birds-foot Trefoil
Pignut
Red Valerian
False Oxlip (previously mis-identified as Cowslip)
Cowslip (L) and Oxlip (R) for comparison with False Oxlip
All images Creative Commons licence
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Ash dieback and pollarding
March 6, 2021 /0 Comments/in Wildlife/by Mick Fletcher
Several people have expressed concern at the number of mature trees that have been felled or pollarded recently in the upper part of the village. Sadly, it is a sight that we will have to get used to since most of the trees involved are ash trees and most of them will have been infected with ash dieback- a disease that will kill some 90% of ash trees over the next few years. You can find out more about dieback here.
Trees affected by dieback can become brittle and unstable and can shed branches in windy conditions. Where such a tree is alongside a road or path the landowner needs to take action to protect themselves and the public – they would be negligent not to. Trees well away from public access can be left to die since standing dead wood is a valuable wildlife habitat.
Pollarding – the removal of upper branches – is a long-established form of management and can preserve an ash tree for a time while making it safe. In most cases it will regrow until it finally succumbs to the disease and even then the trunk can be left standing for the benefit of wildlife.
A diseased tree may be weakened internally without signs showing on the outside. For that reason the safest method of dealing with them is often with giant mechanical shears driven from a heavy vehicle. The result may not be elegant but it is effective. Some people have asked whether the brash from infected trees should be burned to slow the spread of the disease. Unfortunately there are already billions of fungal spores circulating in the air and on leaves that dropped in the autumn so that would have little effect.
Ash dieback will bring about dramatic changes to our local landscape. Since for environmental reasons we need to increase rather than reduce the number of trees across the country the parish council has established a tree group to help promote awareness of the situation and take practical steps to increase tree planting. We have compiled information on how to recognise ash dieback, on what sorts of trees might make suitable replacements for ash and where to look for further advice. We have also established a tree nursery to grow on native trees and begun to plant young trees to replace those that we will lose.
You can find out more about our activities by looking on the website here. We would be pleased to hear from anyone who is interested in helping us or simply finding out more.
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Garden Butterfly Survey sheets for 2021
February 17, 2021 /0 Comments/in Butterfly of the Week, Wildlife/by Peter Bright
Peacock butterfly as seen in Westbury flying on 2nd February 2021. Another was seen on 8th January and was barely able to fly! They hibernate as adults in sheds and wood piles and can come out at any time during the winter if there is a sunny warm spell. They will have returned to hibernation quite quickly at the moment.
Butterfly Recording in Westbury Gardens: a number of people have been recording the butterflies they see in their gardens each week from Week 1 starting on the 1st April to week 26 starting on 23rd September. The scheme started in 2006, so there is an increasingly long run of data. If you want to join in download the attached two forms – April to June, and July to September. At any suitable day in the week count the largest number of each species of butterfly that you see in your garden at any one time. This means that you cannot count the same one twice. For example you might see 4 meadow browns and one small tortoiseshells on the lavender one afternoon and the next day 3 small tortoiseshells and a meadow brown on the same lavender. You would put 4 for meadow browns and 3 for small tortoiseshells in the week of the observations onto your sheet. Return the sheet to Peter Bright at the end of September either in digital form or as a piece of paper. peterbright60@btinternet.com
2021 April to June Blank recording form 2021 July to September Blank recording form
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Pheasant on the feeders
February 6, 2021 /0 Comments/in Wildlife/by Trevor Beebee
One of seven regular visitors to the garden this winter. Seems to be a hen party, no males around so far.
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Southern hawker laying eggs in pondside vegetation
October 1, 2020 /0 Comments/in Westbury Society, Wildlife/by Trevor Beebee
One of Westbury's commonest dragonflies. Males, which are mainly blue, often swarm in large numbers.
2019 was a particularly good year for them.
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Westbury Hawkmoths for the Week 9th September 2020
September 10, 2020 /0 Comments/in Uncategorized, Wildlife/by Peter Bright
The Hawkmoths, Sphingidae are a widespread family of moths with more than a thousand species worldwide. They are usually large, broad-bodied strong flying moths whose caterpillars have a characteristic tail spike. Some members of the group have long tongues and feed extensively being able to use long tubular flowers as nectar sources, while others have reduced mouthparts and so do not feed as adults. In Britain there are 9 species that are resident and a further 8 others that are more or less regular immigrants, but which do not successfully over winter. In the Parish in the last few years 8 species have been seen that I have heard about, though only the Hummingbird and Elephant Hawkmoths are seen every year. Additionally, the Small Elephant Hawkmoth has been seen but not for a long time. The Hummingbird Hawkmoth was covered in this series on 5th August.
Elephant Hawkmoth
Elephant Hawkmoth: This characteristically 'pink with olive markings' moth has a long tongue and can feed easily from flowers like honeysuckle. It can be seen on the wing from May until early August. The usual caterpillar food plants are various willow-herbs and in gardens Fuchsias.
The large caterpillar, which is seen quite often, has two pairs of large eyespots on the segments just behind the small head, which, on being disturbed, it waves about, perhaps startling a would-be predator. The caterpillar forms a pupa in the leaf litter or in the soil below the food plant where it then over winters.
Privet Hawkmoth
Privet Hawkmoth: This is the largest of our resident hawkmoths with dark chocolate coloured forewings. It flies in June and July but does not feed. The caterpillar food plants are wild and garden privet, ash, and lilac. The caterpillar itself, is bright green with conspicuous purple edged white chevrons. It can be found from July through to September and overwinters as a pupa sometimes over two winters.
Poplar Hawkmoth
Poplar Hawkmoth: This moth flies between May and July and can have a small second generation in August or September. Its wings are a patchwork of brown and grey and at rest holds its wings such that the hind wing projects beyond the front edge of the forewing. The eyed hawkmoth. The food plants of the caterpillars is a variety of poplars and willows. The caterpillar is green with white diagonal striping also similar to the Eyed Hawkmoth. Pupae are formed buried in the soil at the bottom of the food plant, and which then overwinters.
Eyed Hawkmoth
Eyed Hawkmoth: This moth flies from mid-May into July. Its resting position resembles the poplar hawkmoth but if gently disturbed it reveals big 'eyes' on its hind wings and rocks too and fro. This seems to ward off insectivorous birds. The caterpillar food plant is predominantly apple but also crab apple and willows. The caterpillar is green with pale diagonal stripes resembling the poplar hawk moth and can be found from July through to September or October. It pupates underground near the food plant where it overwinters.
Convolvulus Hawkmoth found dead.
Convolvulus Hawkmoth: This is the biggest of the hawkmoths mentioned so far. It is an immigrant with very variable numbers arriving mainly in late August through into November. It has an exceptionally long tongue and can feed easily on long tubular flowers, white, nocturnally scented ones seem particularly attractive. The fore wings are mottled in ash greys and there are pink markings along the abdomen resembling those in the Privet Hawkmoth. The larval food plants are various bindweeds and larvae are regularly found along the south coasts of the UK. However, they do not survive to over winter.
full grown caterpillar
Death's Head Hawkmoth: This is the rarest of Westbury's Hawkmoths being seen only very occasionally. In 2019 11 caterpillars or pupae were found in Westbury and several were kept and emerged in captivity for people to enjoy seeing before release. This year, at least so far, none have been seen, but they have been seen in Westbury before, as they are shown in a photo of the Village postmaster in what is believed to be 1984.
Westbury Postmaster
As the largest British Hawkmoth, it is quite unmistakeable with dark patterned forewings and yellow underwings with black borders. The thorax has a very realistic looking skull like marking. Small numbers arrive in the UK from strongholds in North Africa and southern Europe every year. They lay eggs usually on potatoes but also on woody nightshade and the huge yellow caterpillars that grow rapidly can be found in August when lifting potatoes, or the large pupae may be found later buried in the soil amongst the potato plants.
The 11 from Westbury and, for that matter, the 5 from Easton might represent eggs laid by a single fertile wandering female who has flown in from North Africa. She spreads here eggs out between potato patches. The adults emerge a month of so later in September and are occasionally seen. They can enter bee-hives without being attacked, where their short tongues are able to feed on honey stores. If the adult moth is disturbed it squeaks which may be part of its defences against attack by bees when it is in a hive. The squeak might resemble sounds made by queen bees. Neither the adults nor the pupae can over-winter in the UK and it is probably entirely wishful thinking to hope that the spectacular, newly emerged moths might fly southwards to return to southern Europe and North Africa.
in hand
Gill Cook
Liza Hobbs
Sylvia Healey
Ian Jones
Peter Bright
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Butterfly of the Week 2nd September 2020
September 2, 2020 /0 Comments/in Wildlife/by Peter Bright
Typical form
Clouded Yellow: This is a 'white' and so is closely related to the Large and Small Whites, Orange Tip and Brimstone. It is another migrant that, while it breeds over the summer in the UK, fails to over-winter except in very small numbers along the UK's sheltered south coasts – the Isle of Wight and Dorset. As with the Painted Lady its permanent population is in North Africa and Southern Europe. Each year very variable numbers head northwards spreading out across Europe and Asia. They usually arrive in the UK in late May. The food plants of the caterpillars are members of the Pea family, particularly Clovers and Lucerne. In good years they can produce three generations but more usually two with adults appearing in August and then again in October. There is evidence of a return migration but not in the 'clouds' in which they can arrive in good years. The last 'Clouded Yellow year' was 2013 but they only appear in Westbury Gardens very occasionally and in most years not at all. The most likely place to see them in the Parish is on the top of the Mendips nectaring on knapweeds and scabious before flying onwards. It could be that there is limited growth of the fodder crops, Clover and Lucerne, locally, and so there is little opportunity for numbers to build up nearby, even in years of abundant immigration.
Form 'helice'
The butterfly is Small White sized but of more sturdy build and is a very strong flier being able to cross long distances over the sea. The typical form is a very distinctive golden yellow but about 10% of the females are a much paler yellow – called 'helice'. These can easily be confused at a distance with brimstones and the other whites but the heavy dark markings around the edges of the wings are diagnostic. However, when the butterfly settles it almost always settles with wings closed so it is rare to see these distinctive upper surfaces except in flight.
Photos John Ball
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Butterfly of the Week 26th August 2020
August 26, 2020 /0 Comments/in Wildlife/by Peter Bright
Male Wall
Wall: This is another 'brown' and, like its relatives, its caterpillars are grass feeders. However, it needs sparse, open, grassy areas with bare patches where sunshine enables the butterfly to bask and warm quickly. It is a strong flier in these exposed habitats. The male has a thickened dark area on its forewings which are the sex brands. In inland areas of UK, in times past, it used to be common but has now become rare, only remaining relatively common at coastal sites around England, Wales, southern Scotland and Ireland. It occurs in small numbers on Westbury Beacon and along the Mendips but in much larger numbers on Brean Down. It does occur in Westbury gardens, perhaps one or two a year, and this year it has been seen on Broadhay during our particularly sunny and warm May. Typically, it has two generations a year with the first emerging in late April or early May. The eggs laid by this generation will go through their life history to emerge in July or August. The offspring of this second generation need to get to the third instar caterpillar stage at which it is then able to hibernate. The following spring the caterpillars will feed again and then moult to the 4th instar after which they pupate hidden deep amongst the grass tussocks to emerge in late-April or early-May. While habitat loss inland of suitably sunny, sparsely grassy, rocky sites has occurred, it is not believed to be the main reason for its dramatic decline.
Female Wall
The suggestion is that, with a warming climate, the first generation is emerging earlier in April and the corresponding second generation in late June and early July such that it continues to produce a third generation in late September. However, eggs laid by this third generation produce caterpillars that do not have sufficient time, before it gets cold, to reach the third instar, which is necessary for it to be able to over-winter. This means that there is a significant loss to the population every time there is an attempt at a third generation. The cooler habitats around UK coasts mean that there is less opportunity for the butterfly to produce this abortive third generation and thus they remain relatively common there.
Photos Peter Bright
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Diana Højlund Madsen
diana.hojlund-madsen@nai.uu.se
Twitter: @diana_jlund
Download high resolution press photo
Diana Højlund Madsen has over 15 years of pracical and theoretical experience working with gender and women's rights in Africa and elsewhere. Her research expertise is on gender mainstreaming, women's rights, women's political representation, gender and governance and gender and conflict.
Diana Højlund Madsen holds a Ph.D. on gender mainstreaming in Africa with a focus on actors such as the national gender machinery, the women's movement and a donor. She is inspired by theories on feminist institutionalism, intersectionality, norm translation and postcolonial feminism.
The focus for Diana Højlund Madsen's work has been on gender and conflict in Rwanda, especially the translation of UN Resolution 1325 on women, peace and security into practice at the level of UN, state, national and local women's organisations. Furthermore, she has carried out a project on women's political representation at the level of Parliament in Ghana.
Assistant Professor at the Gender Research Centre at Aalborg University, Denmark 2016
Ph.D. from the Centre for Gender, Power and Diversity at Roskilde University, Denmark 2010
Master's degree on international development studies and public administration at Roskilde University 1999
Full list of publications (Google scholar)
Recent output
2020 Madsen Diana Højlund
Introduction - [Gendered institutions and women's political representation in Africa]
Gendered institutions and women's political representation in Africa
A step forward but no guarantee of gender friendly policies - female candidates spark hope in the 2020 Ghanaian elections
2020 Madsen Diana Højlund Aning Kwesi Hallberg Adu Kajsa
Gender, Politics and Transformation in Ghana - The Role of 'Critical Actors'

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Pharmacotherapy Updates of Recombinant Tissue Plasminogen Activator (r-TPA) in Acute Ischemic Stroke
Zahra Tolou Ghamari 1 , * and Hamid Mazdak 1
1 Isfahan Kidney Transplantation Research Center, Alzahra Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IR Iran
* Corresponding author: Zahra Tolou Ghamari, Isfahan Kidney Transplantation Research Center, Alzahra Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IR Iran. Tel: +98-9131046788, E-mail: toloeghamari@pharm.mui.ac.ir
Jentashapir Journal of Health Research: June 01, 2016, 7 (3); e36067
Published Online: April 26, 2016
Article Type: Review Article
Received: January 5, 2016
DOI: 10.17795/jjhr-36067
To Cite: Tolou Ghamari Z, Mazdak H. Pharmacotherapy Updates of Recombinant Tissue Plasminogen Activator (r-TPA) in Acute Ischemic Stroke, Jentashapir J Health Res. 2016 ; 7(3):e36067. doi: 10.17795/jjhr-36067.
Context: According to published articles, thrombosis is the main reason for death all over of the world. With stroke time missing is brain missing, therefore, the FDA-approved drug r-TPA, could be administered as initial IV bolus in less than 3 - 4.5 hours from onset of Acute Ischemic Stroke (AIS). The aim of this review was to provide updated pharmacotherapy related to r-TPA in AIS.
Evidence Acquisition: Searches for associated published articles were conducted in major databases until September 2015. The main terms used in the search were a combination of words and phrases such as ischemic stroke and tissue plasminogen activator.
Results: Age, time of onset, systolic blood pressure, diabetes, stroke severity, co-morbidities and premorbid medical situation, stroke scale according to national institute of health and outcomes related to CT (head, angiogram and perfusion) were considered when determining successful treatment by endovascular thrombectomy. According to the 2015 guidelines, strategies related to successful pharmacotherapy management should be based on class I evidence-care on a stroke unit, IV-r-TPA within 3 - 4.5 hours of stroke onset, aspirin commenced within 48 hours of stroke onset, and decompressive cranioctomy for supratentorial malignant hemispheric cerebral infarction. Hemorrhagic stroke (intraparenchymal, subarachnoid, intraventricular, intracerebral such as orolingual angioedema), hematoma (epidural and subdural) and head trauma are the absolute contraindications related to r-TPA prescription.
Conclusions: Due to considerable inter- and intra- heterogeneity among studies performed by other centers such as differences in study project, background, and population features, determining a pharmacotherapy model based on Safe Implementation of Treatments in stroke or SITS seem advantageous.
Keywords: TPA; Ischemic; Stroke; Pharmacotherapy
Copyright © 2016, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits copy and redistribute the material just in noncommercial usages, provided the original work is properly cited.
1. Context
Stroke, one of the most devastating cerebrovascular and nuerological diseases, is a serious life-threatening condition and a leading cause of long-term adult disability and brain damage, either directly or by secondary complications. A great proportion of patients are those with acute ischemic stroke (AIS). The most effective managements for stroke are time dependent such as reperfusion with tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA); thus, improving tissue oxygenation with hyperbaric oxygen therapy that has been reflected as a rational and potential significant combination therapy (1, 2). Tissue-type plasminogen activator is a protein (serine protease) elaborate in the interruption of blood clots. If tPA is manufactured by recombinant biotechnology methods then it is called recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA). Intravenous rtPA was first approved for pharmacotherapy management of AIS in the United States in 1996. Thrombolytic therapy has been established to be effective in acute ischemic stroke treatment and shown to improve long-term functional outcomes (3). Published literature suggested significant change in large vessel occlusive stroke via extensive use of thrombolysis followed by endovascular clot abolition pharmacotherapy. Within endothelial cells, that line the blood vessels, rtPA, catalyzes the conversion of plasminogen to plasmin. However, in hemorrhagic stroke and head trauma, tPA is contraindicated, yet to treat embolic or thrombotic stroke, tPA (like alteplase, reteplase, and tenecteplase) could be prescribed. Important factors related to endovascular thrombectomy could include age, time of commencement, premorbid clinical condition, comorbidities, and imaging criterion including computed tomography (CT) head, CT angiogram and CT perfusion. Plasmin is the major enzyme for clot breakdown. In order to breakdown blood clots in other conditions such as pulmonary embolism and acute myocardial infarction, tPA also could be prescribed systemically. In events related to peripheral arterial thrombi and thrombi in the proximal deep veins of the leg, it could be administered through an arterial catheter straight to the site of occlusion (4-7). There has also been a report on patients with frostbite indicating that those who are managed with tPA had less amputation than those who were not treated (8). Table 1 shows the pharmacotherapy properties of tPA. Feared complications include symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage and orolingual angioedema (3). Hemorrhagic complications such as subarachnoid hemorrhage have been reported (4-9). In order to achieve appropriate tPA-strategies in patients with AIS, available therapeutic guidelines that support the best preliminary evidenced-based tPA management have been considered.
Table 1. Pharmacotherapy Properties of Tissue Plasminogen Activator (tPA)1-30
Pharmacotherapy Properties
Could be considered As thrombolytic drug category
0.9 mg/kg Max, 90
10% of dose As initial IV bolus
Reminder infused over one hour, for maximum effectiveness
To be used < 3 hours of symptoms start
To be ruled out hemorrhage
Indication Embolic stroke
Thrombotic stroke
Contra-indication Symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage as well as orolingual angioedema
Hemorrhagic stroke; intraparenchymal hemorrhage, subarachnoid hemorrhage, intraventricular hemorrhage, epidural hematoma, subdural hematoma, or hemorrhagic conversion of infarction
2. Evidence Acquisition
The purpose of this study was to recognize approaches for pharmacotherapy-updated strategy of tissue plasminogen activator in patients with acute ischemic stroke. Searches for relevant articles were conducted in major databases such as; cochrane library plus, medline (PubMed), Embase, web of science (Web of Knowledge) and Scopus. Manuscripts from relevant investigations and review articles were selected. The main terms used in the search were a combination of MeSH terms (e.g. 'Ischemic Stroke', 'Tissue plasminogen activator'). Articles published before September 2015 were retrieved. Different consequences of attention were recognized in the literature and then classified for taking into account for their clinical relevance.
When oxygen-rich blood flowing to the brain is restricted either by a blood clot or other hindrance, ischemic stroke (IS) could occur. In these events pharmacotherapy based on substances that prevent blood from clotting by suppressing the synthesis of function of various clotting factors seem to be beneficial. However, the typical precise reperfusion remedy in AIS in both anterior and posterior cerebral flow is intravenous thrombolysis but studies suggest that posterior circulation stroke is associated with a lower risk of intracranial hemorrhage than anterior circulation (10). The FDA-approved the drug rTPA (0.9 mg/kg; max 90 mg) at the 10% dose, as initial IV bolus, with the remainder infused over one hour; for maximum efficacy, to be used < 3 hours of symptoms onset, in hemorrhage to be ruled out could be considered as thrombolytic drug category. A study on a 57 year-old-lady, regarding acute stent occlusion through emergent neuroendovascular revascularization after IV rtPA management, suggested that Intra-arterial (IA) eptifibatide could be considered as an operative decision (11).
Whereas Wardlaw et al. (12), in year 2012 stated that rtPA given within six hours of a stroke considerably augmented the chances of being alive and independent at final follow-up, mainly in those treated within three hours, yet an article published by Newman, in 2013, suggested beneficial early administration within 0 - 3 hours, and harmful later administration of 3 - 4.5 and again beneficial administration of 4.5 - 6 hours (9). In the first week of rtPA-therapy intracranial hemorrhage was reported to be the most common cause of mortality (12). Kirkman et al. (6), in 2015, reported that challenges in the treatment of acute ischemic stroke should be categorized based on introduction of numerous interferences reinforced by; 1) class I evidence-care on a stroke unit, 2) intravenous tissue plasminogen activator within 4.5 hours of stroke onset, 3) aspirin commenced within 48 hours of stroke onset, 4) and decompressive craniectomy for supratentorial malignant hemispheric cerebral infarction. There is also new evidence demonstrating benefits of endovascular therapy on functional consequences in those with anterior circulation stroke. In addition, the importance of careful management of key general physiological variables such as oxygenation, blood pressure, temperature, and serum glucose has been demonstrated (6). Intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) is thought to result in poor outcome in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Intraventricular rtPA has no significant efficacy on long-term functional recovery after aneurysmal SAH with IVH. However, high dosage of rtPA might decrease the incidence of angiographic vasospasm.
Shirakawa et al. (13), in 2015 reported that despite the growing use of intravenous rtPA-therapy, a large number of patients are not suitable for treatment. The number of endovascular treatments for acute ischemic stroke is increasing each year. This treatment provides higher recanalization rates for occluded vessels but may lead to hemorrhagic complications such as subarachnoid hemorrhage. Results were announced for three randomized controlled trials in 2013, with all failing to show the superiority of endovascular treatment. For patients with progressive stroke, due to anterior circulation major vessel occlusion, the feasible treatment is microsurgical revascularization (14).
Regarding the prescription of non-agenarians patients with AIS, previous reports confirm that although a small fraction of these patients might be treated with rtPA-therapy (similar as octogenarians), yet most of them have poor 30-day functional outcome or die (15-17).
Since 2003 to 2011, a doubling rate for rtPA-therapy in the united states has been reported with an attentive concern related to patient's eligibility and prescription-management within three hours after onset of symptoms (15).
Up dated recommendations indicated IV-rtPA to vigilantly selected patients, those could be treated within 4.5 hours of AIS. Due to doubt about the time of onset on a rationally large population of patients, those with neurologic signs that are revealed upon awakening -up stroke are usually not given rtPA. Initial studies suggest that patients with wake-up stroke could be treated within 4.5 hours of detection. These groups may answer equally to patients with a recognized time of onset (18).
According to a recently published article by Spokoyny et al. (19), to confirm ideal supervision of patients with AIS, the precise documentation of last known normal time seems to be critical. Due to the time sensitivity of thrombolytic therapy, there is need for training in the determination and alteration of the actual time of stroke onset. Evidence-based study of rtPA associated with twelve different studies noted that two of these trials presented advantage for patients, four investigations exhibited injury and had to be blocked before the finishing point, and the remaining displayed neither value nor destruction. They suggested beneficial early administration within three hours, harmful later administration of 3 to 4.5 or 4.5 to 6 hours and again beneficial administration of 4.5 to 6 hours (9). However, to reach reperfusion in patients with AIS, injury related to blood-brain barrier or hemorrhagic transformation (HT) that could be a serious complication of IV-rtPA should be always kept in mind yet the study suggests that the increased risk of HT is not dependent on the reperfusion status (20). Previous studies have shown that rtPA interacts with fibrinigen alpha-chain (21), Low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1 (LRP1) (22, 23) and neuroserpin or serpinii gene (24). Evaluations related to the effects of hyperglycemia in thrombolysis ischemic stroke patients on recanalization rate and clinical outcome showed that hyperglycemia might be associated with low rate of complete recanalization and poor clinical outcome in IV-rtPA-treated patients (25). The tPA is quickly inactivated by endogenous plasminogen activators inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) (26). Trials based on the national institute of neurological disorders and Stroke consented that most of the contraindications to the administration of IV-rtPA originated as exclusion criteria. It has been suggested that application of relaxed exclusion criteria might increase the IV thrombolysis rate by up to 20% with similar consequences to thrombolysis with more conservative criteria. On brain imaging, a hemorrhage that includes intraparenchymal, subarachnoid, intraventricular and epidural or subdural hematoma, or hemorrhagic conversion of infarction is an absolute contraindication to prescribing IV-rtPA (27).
A published report confirmed that in the safe implementation of treatments in stroke (SITS) registry, higher systolic blood pressure (SBP) after lysis was individually related to worse consequences and an increased risk of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH). Thrombolysis-associated ICH generally occurs at the location of ischemic brain tissue though can present at a distant, unrelated place. Conventionally, the risk of remote cerebral hemorrhage post thrombolysis has been reported as happening in around 1.3% - 3.7% of patients (28). The recent published SITS investigation, which included 45,079 patients treated with IV r-tPA, discovered that remote parenchymal hematomas made up one-third of all parenchymal hematomas after IV thrombolysis (3).
Finally, for successful approach that engaged to treatment effect modifier, realizing a well-balanced pharmacotherapy model for r-TPA, such as onset to proper treatment time, advanced examination based on appropriate-registry system (29, 30), seem to be valuable.
The authors would like to express special appreciation to the Isfahan University of Medical Sciences.
1. Weaver J, Liu KJ. Does normobaric hyperoxia increase oxidative stress in acute ischemic stroke? A critical review of the literature. Med Gas Res. 2015; 5: 11[DOI][PubMed]
2. Michalski D, Küppers-Tiedt L, Weise C, Laignel F, Härtig W, Raviolo M, et al. Long-term functional and neurological outcome after simultaneous treatment with tissue-plasminogen activator and hyperbaric oxygen in early phase of embolic stroke in rats. Brain Res. 2009; 1303: 161-8[DOI]
3. O'Carroll CB, Aguilar MI. Management of postthrombolysis hemorrhagic and orolingual angioedema complications. Neurohospitalist. 2015; 5(3): 133–41[DOI]
4. Paramasivam S. Current trends in the management of acute ischemic stroke. Neurol India. 2015; 63(5): 665-72[DOI]
5. Saposnik G, Guzik AK, Reeves M, Ovbiagele B, Johnston SC. Stroke Prognostication using Age and NIH Stroke Scale: SPAN-100. Neurology. 2013; 80(1): 21-8[DOI][PubMed]
6. Kirkman MA, Lambden S, Smith M. Challenges in the Anesthetic and Intensive Care Management of Acute Ischemic Stroke. J Neurosurg Anesthesiol. 2015; [DOI][PubMed]
7. Shi L, Xu L, Shi L, Brandon D, Chen S, Zhang J. Intraventricular Recombinant Tissue Plasminogen Activator in Treatment of Aneurysmal Intraventricular Hemorrhage: A Meta-Analysis. Curr Drug Targets. 2015; [PubMed]
8. Twomey JA, Peltier GL, Zera RT. An open-label study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of tissue plasminogen activator in treatment of severe frostbite. J Trauma. 2005; 59(6): 1350-4[PubMed]
9. Newman DH, Shreves AE. Thrombolysis in acute ischaemic stroke. Lancet. 2012; 380(9847): 1053-4[DOI][PubMed]
10. Dornak T, Kral M, Hazlinger M, Herzig R, Veverka T, Burval S, et al. Posterior vs. anterior circulation infarction: demography, outcomes, and frequency of hemorrhage after thrombolysis. Int J Stroke. 2015; 10(8): 1224-8[DOI]
11. Sorkin GC, Dumont TM, Mokin M, Eller JL, Natarajan SK, Levy EI, et al. Hyperacute carotid stent thrombosis during emergent revascularization treated with intraarterial eptifibatide after systemic administration of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator. J Vasc Interv Neurol. 2015; 8(3): 50-5
12. Wardlaw JM, Murray V, Berge E, del Zoppo G, Sandercock P, Lindley RL, et al. Recombinant tissue plasminogen activator for acute ischaemic stroke: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet. 2012; 379(9834): 2364-72[DOI][PubMed]
13. Shirakawa M, Yoshimura S, Yamada K, Uchida K, Shindou S. Endovascular Treatment for Acute Ischemic Stroke: Considerations from Recent Randomized Trials. Interv Neurol. 2015; 3(3-4): 115-21[DOI][PubMed]
14. Sugiyama T, Kazumata K, Asaoka K, Osanai T, Shimbo D, Uchida K, et al. Reappraisal of Microsurgical Revascularization for Anterior Circulation Ischemia in Patients with Progressive Stroke. World Neurosurg. 2015; 84(6): 1579-88[DOI]
15. Bankhead C, Agus ZS. Clot-busting drugs used more often in stroke. 2013;
16. Schwamm LH, Ali SF, Reeves MJ, Smith EE, Saver JL, Messe S, et al. Temporal Trends in Patient Characteristics and Treatment With Intravenous Thrombolysis Among Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients at Get With the Guidelines-Stroke Hospitals. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes. 2013; [DOI][PubMed]
17. Mateen FJ, Nasser M, Spencer BR, Freeman WD, Shuaib A, Demaerschalk BM, et al. Outcomes of intravenous tissue plasminogen activator for acute ischemic stroke in patients aged 90 years or older. Mayo Clin Proc. 2009; 84(4): 334-8[DOI][PubMed]
18. Adams HJ. IV thrombolysis for treatment of patients with stroke upon awakening: Yes? No? Neurol Clin Pract. 2015; 5(4): 296-301[DOI][PubMed]
19. Spokoyny I, Raman R, Ernstrom K, Kim AJ, Meyer BC, Karanjia NP. Accuracy of First Recorded "Last Known Normal" Times of Stroke Code Patients. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2015; 24(11): 2467-73[DOI][PubMed]
20. Horsch AD, Dankbaar JW, van der Graaf Y, Niesten JM, van Seeters T, van der Schaaf IC, et al. Relation between reperfusion and hemorrhagic transformation in acute ischemic stroke. Neuroradiology. 2015; 57(12): 1219-25[DOI][PubMed]
21. Tsurupa G, Medved L. Identification and characterization of novel tPA- and plasminogen-binding sites within fibrin(ogen) alpha C-domains. Biochemistry. 2001; 40(3): 801-8[PubMed]
22. Orth K, Madison EL, Gething MJ, Sambrook JF, Herz J. Complexes of tissue-type plasminogen activator and its serpin inhibitor plasminogen-activator inhibitor type 1 are internalized by means of the low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein/alpha 2-macroglobulin receptor. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1992; 89(16): 7422-6[PubMed]
23. Parmar PK, Coates LC, Pearson JF, Hill RM, Birch NP. Neuroserpin regulates neurite outgrowth in nerve growth factor-treated PC12 cells. J Neurochem. 2002; 82(6): 1406-15[PubMed]
24. Brimelow A. Safety review into stroke clot-buster drug alteplase. BBC News. 2015;
25. Saqqur M, Shuaib A, Alexandrov AV, Sebastian J, Khan K, Uchino K. The correlation between admission blood glucose and intravenous rt‐PA‐induced arterial recanalization in acute ischemic stroke: a multi‐centre TCD study. Int J Stroke. 2015; 10(7): 1087-92[DOI]
26. Gong L, Liu M, Zeng T, Shi X, Yuan C, Andreasen PA, et al. Crystal structure of the Michaelis complex between tissue-type plasminogen activator and plasminogen activators inhibitor-1. J Biolog Chem. 2015; 290(43): 25795-804
27. Fugate JE, Rabinstein AA. Absolute and Relative Contraindications to IV rt-PA for Acute Ischemic Stroke. Neurohospitalist. 2015; 5(3): 110-21[DOI][PubMed]
28. Ahmed N, Wahlgren N, Brainin M, Castillo J, Ford GA, Kaste M, et al. Relationship of blood pressure, antihypertensive therapy, and outcome in ischemic stroke treated with intravenous thrombolysis: retrospective analysis from Safe Implementation of Thrombolysis in Stroke-International Stroke Thrombolysis Register (SITS-ISTR). Stroke. 2009; 40(7): 2442-9[DOI][PubMed]
29. Tolou-Ghamari Z, Mortazavi M, Palizban AA, Najafi MR. The investigation of correlation between Iminoral concentration and neurotoxic levels after kidney transplantation. Adv Biomed Res. 2015; 4[DOI]
30. Tolou-Ghamari Z, Zare M, Habibabadi JM, Najafi MR. A quick review of carbamazepine pharmacokinetics in epilepsy from 1953 to 2012. J Res Med Sci. 2013; 18-5[PubMed]
PDF ( 102.75 KB)
Zahra Tolou Ghamari: [PubMed] [Scholar]
Hamid Mazdak: [PubMed] [Scholar]


text:
Survival and health in liveborn infants with transposition of great arteries – A population based study
Ester Garne, Maria Loane, Vera Nelen, Marian Bakker, Blanca Gener, Lenore Abramsky, Marie-Claude Addor, Annette Queisser-Luft
Objective. To describe treatment, survival, and morbidity for liveborn infants with isolated transposition of great arteries (TGA).Design. Population-based data from 7 European registries of congenital malformations (EUROCAT).Results. Ninety-seven infants were diagnosed with isolated TGA and livebirth prevalence was 2.0 per 10 000 livebirths. The majority of infants were treated with prostaglandins (83%) and 57% had a catheter atrial septostomia performed. Arterial switch surgery was performed in 78 infants, other or unknown type of surgery was performed in 3 cases, and for 6 infants there was no information on surgery. At 1 year of age 69 infants were alive (71%) and 24 (25%) were dead (4 unknown). There were 10 deaths before surgery and 58% of all deaths took place during the first week. There was no statistically significant regional difference in mortality. Eight infants diagnosed prenatally all survived to 1 year and only 71% of infants diagnosed after birth survived (P = 0.08). Data on morbidity at 1 year of age was available for 57 infants. Fifty-one infants were reported with normal health and development.Conclusions. In this population-based study survival for liveborn infants with TGA is lower than in studies published from tertiary centers. Outcome for survivors at 1 year of age seems favorable.
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/chd.2007.2.issue-3/issuetoc
Dive into the research topics of 'Survival and health in liveborn infants with transposition of great arteries – A population based study'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
Transposition of Great Vessels Medicine & Life Sciences 100%
Morbidity Medicine & Life Sciences 8%
Prostaglandins Medicine & Life Sciences 6%
Survivors Medicine & Life Sciences 6%
Registries Medicine & Life Sciences 5%
Garne, E., Loane, M., Nelen, V., Bakker, M., Gener, B., Abramsky, L., Addor, M-C., & Queisser-Luft, A. (2007). Survival and health in liveborn infants with transposition of great arteries – A population based study. Congenital Heart Disease, 2(3), 165-169. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-0803.2007.00093.x
Garne, Ester ; Loane, Maria ; Nelen, Vera ; Bakker, Marian ; Gener, Blanca ; Abramsky, Lenore ; Addor, Marie-Claude ; Queisser-Luft, Annette. / Survival and health in liveborn infants with transposition of great arteries – A population based study. In: Congenital Heart Disease. 2007 ; Vol. 2, No. 3. pp. 165-169.
@article{d50edbd3c6244c03a98a24e1a8234ef7,
title = "Survival and health in liveborn infants with transposition of great arteries – A population based study",
abstract = "Objective. To describe treatment, survival, and morbidity for liveborn infants with isolated transposition of great arteries (TGA).Design. Population-based data from 7 European registries of congenital malformations (EUROCAT).Results. Ninety-seven infants were diagnosed with isolated TGA and livebirth prevalence was 2.0 per 10 000 livebirths. The majority of infants were treated with prostaglandins (83%) and 57% had a catheter atrial septostomia performed. Arterial switch surgery was performed in 78 infants, other or unknown type of surgery was performed in 3 cases, and for 6 infants there was no information on surgery. At 1 year of age 69 infants were alive (71%) and 24 (25%) were dead (4 unknown). There were 10 deaths before surgery and 58% of all deaths took place during the first week. There was no statistically significant regional difference in mortality. Eight infants diagnosed prenatally all survived to 1 year and only 71% of infants diagnosed after birth survived (P = 0.08). Data on morbidity at 1 year of age was available for 57 infants. Fifty-one infants were reported with normal health and development.Conclusions. In this population-based study survival for liveborn infants with TGA is lower than in studies published from tertiary centers. Outcome for survivors at 1 year of age seems favorable.",
author = "Ester Garne and Maria Loane and Vera Nelen and Marian Bakker and Blanca Gener and Lenore Abramsky and Marie-Claude Addor and Annette Queisser-Luft",
journal = "Congenital Heart Disease",
Garne, E, Loane, M, Nelen, V, Bakker, M, Gener, B, Abramsky, L, Addor, M-C & Queisser-Luft, A 2007, 'Survival and health in liveborn infants with transposition of great arteries – A population based study', Congenital Heart Disease, vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 165-169. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-0803.2007.00093.x
Survival and health in liveborn infants with transposition of great arteries – A population based study. / Garne, Ester; Loane, Maria; Nelen, Vera; Bakker, Marian; Gener, Blanca; Abramsky, Lenore; Addor, Marie-Claude; Queisser-Luft, Annette.
In: Congenital Heart Disease, Vol. 2, No. 3, 2007, p. 165-169.
T1 - Survival and health in liveborn infants with transposition of great arteries – A population based study
AU - Garne, Ester
AU - Loane, Maria
AU - Nelen, Vera
AU - Bakker, Marian
AU - Gener, Blanca
AU - Abramsky, Lenore
AU - Addor, Marie-Claude
AU - Queisser-Luft, Annette
N2 - Objective. To describe treatment, survival, and morbidity for liveborn infants with isolated transposition of great arteries (TGA).Design. Population-based data from 7 European registries of congenital malformations (EUROCAT).Results. Ninety-seven infants were diagnosed with isolated TGA and livebirth prevalence was 2.0 per 10 000 livebirths. The majority of infants were treated with prostaglandins (83%) and 57% had a catheter atrial septostomia performed. Arterial switch surgery was performed in 78 infants, other or unknown type of surgery was performed in 3 cases, and for 6 infants there was no information on surgery. At 1 year of age 69 infants were alive (71%) and 24 (25%) were dead (4 unknown). There were 10 deaths before surgery and 58% of all deaths took place during the first week. There was no statistically significant regional difference in mortality. Eight infants diagnosed prenatally all survived to 1 year and only 71% of infants diagnosed after birth survived (P = 0.08). Data on morbidity at 1 year of age was available for 57 infants. Fifty-one infants were reported with normal health and development.Conclusions. In this population-based study survival for liveborn infants with TGA is lower than in studies published from tertiary centers. Outcome for survivors at 1 year of age seems favorable.
AB - Objective. To describe treatment, survival, and morbidity for liveborn infants with isolated transposition of great arteries (TGA).Design. Population-based data from 7 European registries of congenital malformations (EUROCAT).Results. Ninety-seven infants were diagnosed with isolated TGA and livebirth prevalence was 2.0 per 10 000 livebirths. The majority of infants were treated with prostaglandins (83%) and 57% had a catheter atrial septostomia performed. Arterial switch surgery was performed in 78 infants, other or unknown type of surgery was performed in 3 cases, and for 6 infants there was no information on surgery. At 1 year of age 69 infants were alive (71%) and 24 (25%) were dead (4 unknown). There were 10 deaths before surgery and 58% of all deaths took place during the first week. There was no statistically significant regional difference in mortality. Eight infants diagnosed prenatally all survived to 1 year and only 71% of infants diagnosed after birth survived (P = 0.08). Data on morbidity at 1 year of age was available for 57 infants. Fifty-one infants were reported with normal health and development.Conclusions. In this population-based study survival for liveborn infants with TGA is lower than in studies published from tertiary centers. Outcome for survivors at 1 year of age seems favorable.
JO - Congenital Heart Disease
JF - Congenital Heart Disease
Garne E, Loane M, Nelen V, Bakker M, Gener B, Abramsky L et al. Survival and health in liveborn infants with transposition of great arteries – A population based study. Congenital Heart Disease. 2007;2(3):165-169. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-0803.2007.00093.x


text:
Rovio Denies Providing User Data to Spy Agencies
Developer Rovio today denied handing over user information to U.S. and U.K. officials, suggesting that any leaked data is coming from third-party ad networks, not Rovio.
By Chloe Albanesius
https://www.pcmag.com/news/rovio-denies-providing-user-data-to-spy-agencies
"Rovio Entertainment Ltd, which is headquartered in Finland, does not share data, collaborate or collude with any government spy agencies such as NSA or GCHQ anywhere in the world," the company said in a Tuesday statement.
Rovio's denial comes after The New York Times, citing data provided by Edward Snowden, reported that the National Security Agency and British intelligence teamed up to collect and store user data generated by "dozens of smartphone apps," including popular games like Angry Birds.
Since 2007, "the agencies have traded recipes for grabbing location and planning data when a target uses Google Maps, and for vacuuming up address books, buddy lists, phone logs, and the geographic data embedded in photos when someone sends a post to the mobile versions of Facebook, Flickr, LinkedIn, Twitter, and other services," the Times reported.
According to Rovio, "the alleged surveillance may be conducted through third-party advertising networks used by millions of commercial websites and mobile applications across all industries."
If that's the case, "it would appear that no Internet-enabled device that visits ad-enabled websites or uses ad-enabled applications is immune to such surveillance," the company continued. "Rovio does not allow any third party network to use or hand over personal end-user data from Rovio's apps."
Mikael Hed, CEO of Rovio Entertainment, said Rovio might have to re-evaluate working with third-party networks if they are being used for spying.
"Our fans' trust is the most important thing for us and we take privacy extremely seriously. We do not collaborate, collude, or share data with spy agencies anywhere in the world," Hed said.
The news comes as the Department of Justice on Monday announced that tech firms will be allowed to release more data about government requests for information. Previously, they had to lump national security-related requests in with ordinary law enforcement requests, but they can now break them out, in bands of 250. Apple has already revised its data, revealing that it received between zero and 249 national security orders between Jan. 1 - June 30, 2013.
For more, see 7 Chilling Ways the NSA Can Spy On You.
Netflix Games Gets 2 New Titles
PUBG Developer Sues Google, Apple, Game Maker Over Copycat Apps
The 26 Best Apple Arcade Games for 2022
By Jordan Minor
The Best Android Games for 2022
By Jordan Minor & Gabriel Zamora
About Chloe Albanesius
Chloe has led PCMag's news coverage for more than 10 years, editing and writing stories about the innovations that have shaped the last decade and the companies behind them. She also oversees the site's how-to coverage. Before joining PCMag.com, Chloe was a reporter covering tech policy on Capitol Hill for The National Journal's Technology Daily and financial IT for Incisive Media in NYC. She's held internships at NBC's Meet the Press, washingtonpost.com, the Tate Gallery press office in London, Roll Call, and Congressional Quarterly. She graduated with a bachelor's degree in journalism from American University in Washington, D.C.
Read the latest from Chloe Albanesius
AT&T C-Band Rollout Begins in 8 US Cities
Razer Adds Voice Amplification to Zephyr Pro Wearable Air Purifier
Razer Blade Gaming Laptops Upgraded With Next-Gen Chips, DDR5
Shutterfly Hit With Conti Ransomware
Alexa Suggests Dangerous 'Outlet Challenge' to 10-Year-Old
More from Chloe Albanesius


text:
William Max Burich (May 29, 1917 – December 25, 2009) was an infielder in Major League Baseball, playing mainly as a shortstop for the Philadelphia Phillies during the  and  seasons. Listed at 6' 0", 180 lb., he batted and threw right-handed.

A native of Calumet, Michigan, Burich was one of many major leaguers who saw his baseball career interrupted by a military stint during World War II. In 1942 he appeared in 25 games as a backup infielder for Pinky May, Bobby Bragan and Danny Murtaugh. He enlisted in the United States Army in 1943, serving for three and half years before rejoining the Phillies in the 1946 midseason.

In a two-season career, Burich was .284 hitter (23-for-81) in 27 games with four runs and seven RBI in 27 games, including one double, two stolen bases, and a .333 on-base percentage.

Following his brief stint in major leagues, Burich resumed his playing career in the minors and also managed the 1948 Nazareth Barons of the North Atlantic League.

Burich died on December 25, 2009, in Apple Valley, California.

References

External links

Retrosheet
Baseball in Wartime

Philadelphia Phillies players
Major League Baseball shortstops
Minor league baseball managers
Minor league baseball players
Baseball players from Michigan
People from Calumet, Michigan
United States Army personnel of World War II
United States Army soldiers
1910s births
2009 deaths
Rogers Lions players
Nazareth Barons players

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


You can use these translated letters to communicate with your child's teacher/school. We recommend that you send in the English version alongside the home language version, copied back to back or stapled together.
Remember that you can also ask for an interpreter for meetings at school.
Inform the school about your child's absence for an important festival.
Inform the school about your child's absence.
Available in: Arabic, Bengali, Cantonese, English, Italian, Japanese, Korean, Latvian, Mandarin, Panjabi, Polish, Portuguese, Romanian, Thai, Urdu.
Available in: Arabic, Bengali, Chinese, English, French, German, Hindi, Italian, Japanese, Korean, Kurdish/Sorani, Latvian, Polish, Portuguese, Romanian, Spanish, Turkish, Urdu.


NOTE: Ordinance #1 has been amended and is now superseded by Ordinance 09-03.
It shall unlawful for any person, group of persons, firm, association, or corporation to permit any grass, weeds or other for of vegetation whatsoever, other than eatable vegetables, trees, or flowers, to grow higher than twelve inches (12″) from the ground on any lot or parcel of ground within the corporate limits of the Town of Townsend, whether or not any improvements have been erected on said lot, or parcel of ground.
The President of the Council, of the Town of Townsend, shall given written notice to the owner of the property, that the property is in violation of the Ordinance, and if the violation is not cleared within ten (10) days from the receipt of such notice, the President of the Council, of the Town of Townsend, is authorized to enter upon such premises, himself, or through such persons, firms, or associations under contract to the Town, for the purpose of removing said nuisance, and charging the cost of the removal of said nuisance against the property owner. The cost of removing the nuisance shall include not only the cost of labor and materials, but in the event that the Town is forced to levy upon the property for collection of the cost, then the cost will additionally include whatever Court costs are actually incurred, to include actual attorney's fees for the removal of the nuisance.
If the owner of the property fails or refuses to remove the collection of rubbish, trash, weeds, etc., ten (10) days after receiving notification of the condition, he shall be guilty of common nuisance. Each day that a violation is allowed to continue after receipt of notice of its existence shall constitute a separate offence.
Any person violating any of the provisions of this ordinance shall for each such offense be punished by a fine of not less than ten dollars ($10.00), nor more than fifty dollars ($50.00) for the first offense, and for each subsequent offense be punished by a fine of not less than twenty-five dollars ($25.00), nor more than one hundred dollars ($100.00) or imprisonment for not more than (10) days.


Holeshot (Nitro Crew Book 2) by Winter Travers is a fantastic shot to the heart! A winning read!
First one to the finish line wins.
Frankie Jensen works hard. She's clawed her way up to become the car chief for the Cummings Racing pit crew, but none of that matters when her boss doesn't even know her name. She refuses to let people take advantage of her. Quitting is her only option, but there was one thing she didn't factor in.
Whether it's on the track or in life, Brooks knows what he wants, and he's not afraid to fight for it. After a near miss with a wrench to the head, Brooks knows he should wash his hands of the rebellious car chief, but he can't seem to let her go.
Racers strive for a holeshot on the track, but Brooks wants one when it comes to her. First over the finish line and first to Frankie's heart.
Winter, this book is a fantastic shot right to my heart and I loved it so much! Frankie is a bada$$ blunt girl who is not going to be walked on or over. She is tough but vulnerable and can give any man a run for his money. I love that Brooks is that man and their chemistry is electrifying. Brooks is arrogant and a jerk but also has a heart of gold. Frankie is my new favorite female character of yours because she is as real as it gets. I had to read this story in one sitting.
Everyone should race to read this book because Winter wrote a winner.


text:
package org.zalando.logbook;

import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Getter;

import javax.annotation.Nullable;

import static lombok.AccessLevel.PACKAGE;
import static org.zalando.logbook.BodyFilter.merge;

@AllArgsConstructor
@Getter(PACKAGE)
final class NonMergeableBodyFilterPair implements BodyFilter {

    private final BodyFilter left;
    private final BodyFilter right;

    @Override
    public String filter(
            @Nullable final String contentType, final String body) {
        return right.filter(contentType, left.filter(contentType, body));
    }

    @Nullable
    @Override
    public BodyFilter tryMerge(final BodyFilter next) {
        @Nullable final BodyFilter filter = right.tryMerge(next);

        if (filter == null) {
            return null;
        }

        return merge(left, filter);
    }

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Ntara and Amla Commerce Announce Partnership
New partnership will create innovative and transformative ecommerce solutions.
Amla Commerce
Ntara has a history of success in the B2B e-commerce space," says Tom Flierl, Vice President of Marketing and Business Development at Amla Commerce. "We are excited to partner with Ntara and empower them with our scalable and sustainable platforms, Artifi Labs and Znode.
MILWAUKEE and JOHNSON CITY, Tenn. (PRWEB) December 14, 2018
Ntara, a digital agency specializing in strategy, design and technology, has partnered with Amla Commerce, parent company to leading ecommerce platform Znode and ecommerce product customizer, Artifi Labs. Ntara has a strong history of solving complex business challenges for B2B, B2C and B2B2C markets while Amla's products offer ecommerce businesses a scalable, flexible and customer-centric solution.
"We utilize technology partnerships like the one with Amla's leading e-commerce platforms, Znode and Artifi Labs, to create custom, transformative e-commerce solutions for our clients. Amla's flexibility, innovative product, and expertise in the manufacturing and distribution vertical make it a great fit for our agency," says Andy Didyk, Vice President of Sales and Marketing at Ntara.
To learn about the digital services offered by Ntara, visit ntara.com. Visit amla.io to learn about Amla Commerce, artifilabs.com and znode.com to learn more about Amla's ecommerce software products.
About Amla Commerce
Amla Commerce develops ecommerce software platforms. Architected with a focus on long-term sustainability, the platforms offer unmatched flexibility and scalability, as well as premium feature sets and deep functionality proven to enable sustainable growth and support even the most complex operational needs for mid-market and enterprise-level companies. Amla Commerce is the parent company of Artifi Labs, an enterprise product customization platform, and Znode, a .NET ecommerce platform with headless architecture and multi-store capabilities. Artifi and Znode power the ecommerce experiences of hundreds of companies across dozens of industries including apparel and soft goods, promotional products, uniforms, CPG and retail. Amla Commerce is a privately-held company, headquartered in Milwaukee, WI.
About Ntara
Ntara is a digital agency dedicated to harnessing the combined power of strategy, design, and technology to solve the challenges of marketing, sales, and IT organizations. Their solutions increase revenue, lower costs, and boost productivity. Ntara specializes in three specific, mid-market to enterprise verticals: branded manufacturers & distributors, healthcare & institutions, and technology companies. Ntara is a privately-held company, headquartered in Johnson City, TN.
Christiana Gorchynsky
@Amla_Commerce
since: 03/2018


text:
//
//  RegexKitLite.h
//  http://regexkit.sourceforge.net/
//  Licensed under the terms of the BSD License, as specified below.
//

#ifdef __OBJC__

#import <Foundation/NSObjCRuntime.h>
#import <Foundation/NSRange.h>
#import <Foundation/NSString.h>

#endif // __OBJC__

#include <limits.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#include <sys/types.h>

#ifdef __cplusplus
extern "C" {
#endif

// For Mac OS X < 10.5.
#ifndef NSINTEGER_DEFINED
#define NSINTEGER_DEFINED
#ifdef __LP64__ || NS_BUILD_32_LIKE_64
typedef long           NSInteger;
typedef unsigned long  NSUInteger;
#define NSIntegerMin   LONG_MIN
#define NSIntegerMax   LONG_MAX
#define NSUIntegerMax  ULONG_MAX
#else // 32-bit
typedef int            NSInteger;
typedef unsigned int   NSUInteger;
#define NSIntegerMin   INT_MIN
#define NSIntegerMax   INT_MAX
#define NSUIntegerMax  UINT_MAX
#endif // __LP64__ || NS_BUILD_32_LIKE_64
#endif // NSINTEGER_DEFINED

#ifndef RKLREGEXOPTIONS_DEFINED
#define RKLREGEXOPTIONS_DEFINED

// These must be idential to their ICU regex counterparts. See http://www.icu-project.org/userguide/regexp.html
enum {
  RKLNoOptions             = 0,
  RKLCaseless              = 2,
  RKLComments              = 4,
  RKLDotAll                = 32,
  RKLMultiline             = 8,
  RKLUnicodeWordBoundaries = 256
};
typedef uint32_t RKLRegexOptions;
#endif

#ifndef _REGEXKITLITE_H_
#define _REGEXKITLITE_H_

#ifdef __OBJC__

@class NSError;

// NSException exception name.
extern NSString * const RKLICURegexException;

// NSError error domains and user info keys.
extern NSString * const RKLICURegexErrorDomain;

extern NSString * const RKLICURegexErrorCodeErrorKey;
extern NSString * const RKLICURegexErrorNameErrorKey;
extern NSString * const RKLICURegexLineErrorKey;
extern NSString * const RKLICURegexOffsetErrorKey;
extern NSString * const RKLICURegexPreContextErrorKey;
extern NSString * const RKLICURegexPostContextErrorKey;
extern NSString * const RKLICURegexRegexErrorKey;
extern NSString * const RKLICURegexRegexOptionsErrorKey;

@interface NSString (RegexKitLiteAdditions)

+ (void)clearStringCache;

+ (NSInteger)captureCountForRegex:(NSString *)regex;
+ (NSInteger)captureCountForRegex:(NSString *)regex options:(RKLRegexOptions)options error:(NSError **)error;

- (NSArray *)componentsSeparatedByRegex:(NSString *)regex;
- (NSArray *)componentsSeparatedByRegex:(NSString *)regex range:(NSRange)range;
- (NSArray *)componentsSeparatedByRegex:(NSString *)regex options:(RKLRegexOptions)options range:(NSRange)range error:(NSError **)error;

- (BOOL)isMatchedByRegex:(NSString *)regex;
- (BOOL)isMatchedByRegex:(NSString *)regex inRange:(NSRange)range;
- (BOOL)isMatchedByRegex:(NSString *)regex options:(RKLRegexOptions)options inRange:(NSRange)range error:(NSError **)error;

- (NSRange)rangeOfRegex:(NSString *)regex;
- (NSRange)rangeOfRegex:(NSString *)regex capture:(NSInteger)capture;
- (NSRange)rangeOfRegex:(NSString *)regex inRange:(NSRange)range;
- (NSRange)rangeOfRegex:(NSString *)regex options:(RKLRegexOptions)options inRange:(NSRange)range capture:(NSInteger)capture error:(NSError **)error;

- (NSString *)stringByMatching:(NSString *)regex;
- (NSString *)stringByMatching:(NSString *)regex capture:(NSInteger)capture;
- (NSString *)stringByMatching:(NSString *)regex inRange:(NSRange)range;
- (NSString *)stringByMatching:(NSString *)regex options:(RKLRegexOptions)options inRange:(NSRange)range capture:(NSInteger)capture error:(NSError **)error;

- (NSString *)stringByReplacingOccurrencesOfRegex:(NSString *)regex withString:(NSString *)replacement;
- (NSString *)stringByReplacingOccurrencesOfRegex:(NSString *)regex withString:(NSString *)replacement range:(NSRange)searchRange;
- (NSString *)stringByReplacingOccurrencesOfRegex:(NSString *)regex withString:(NSString *)replacement options:(RKLRegexOptions)options range:(NSRange)searchRange error:(NSError **)error;

@end

@interface NSMutableString (RegexKitLiteAdditions)

- (NSUInteger)replaceOccurrencesOfRegex:(NSString *)regex withString:(NSString *)replacement;
- (NSUInteger)replaceOccurrencesOfRegex:(NSString *)regex withString:(NSString *)replacement range:(NSRange)searchRange;
- (NSUInteger)replaceOccurrencesOfRegex:(NSString *)regex withString:(NSString *)replacement options:(RKLRegexOptions)options range:(NSRange)searchRange error:(NSError **)error;

@end

#endif // _REGEXKITLITE_H_

#endif // __OBJC__

#ifdef __cplusplus
}  // extern "C"
#endif


Philippine exports contracted 8.2% in annual terms in March, coming in below February's 5.5% drop. March's result reflected contractions in 7 of the 10 top commodity categories. Machinery and transport equipment, gold and coconut oil were the export components that recorded the steepest drops.
In March, imports grew a paltry 0.1% year-on-year, a sharp deceleration from the 13.7% increase recorded in February. A drop in the imports of capital goods, consumer goods and raw materials and intermediate goods were largely behind the sharp deceleration.
The trade balance in March recorded a USD 2.6 billion deficit, narrowing from February's USD 2.9 billion deficit but widening from the USD 2.1 billion deficit recorded in March 2017.
FocusEconomics Consensus Forecast panelists see exports expanding 7.5% in 2018, which is up 0.1 percentage points from last month's forecast. For 2019, exports are set to expand 6.7%. Panelists expect a trade deficit of USD 22.9 billion in 2018. They see it widening to USD 24.2 billion in 2019.


Payroll services for small business clients can include: Set up and maintenance of all records, withholdings of tax, garnishments, and benefit contributions, Federal and State tax filings, issuance of checks and preparation of all W-2's and 1099 forms. Direct deposit service is available. We also can process Union Payroll.


To advance to a college-level course, students must receive an A, B, C, or CR.
This policy applies to all Northeast employees and students, individuals visiting the College in an official capacity, and members of the public who use the College's resources through sanctioned venues such as the Learning Commons.
Users agree to comply with all stipulations set forth in this policy. Additional unit or departmental policies may apply in specific circumstances, such as the use of resources in open computer laboratories and the Learning Commons. Users of Northeast's technology resources agree to abide by all existing federal and state laws, both those laws and regulations specific to information technology and those governing personal conduct.


As most of you are painfully aware, Memorial Day is a special day and sad for me personally. I hope it is a special day for each of you also.
As a nation still at war, we should remember those who have fallen in ongoing conflicts as well as those who have died in wars past. As the years pass it becomes more difficult for me to find new and different ways to convey my thoughts and feelings on this very special day. So please forgive me for some reiteration.
I hope each of you has a wonderful long weekend and a great Memorial Day celebration. All I would ask is that over the weekend and on Monday specifically, you take a moment here and there to think about the sacrifices made by our brave men and women in uniform.
Those who have sacrificed their lives for our way of life. Enjoy the Day, as that is what is intended. However, also remember the reason for it and remember. Remember the long days and nights away from home, the cold, the heat, the fear, the terror, the loneliness, the absent parent, the distraught child or spouse, the heartbroken parent, and mostly remember the service member who willingly went in harm's way and gave the ultimate sacrifice to keep you safe and free. It just takes a minute….
I hope each of you, your families and loved ones have a great three day weekend and a lovely Memorial Day.
However you remember, please take a moment to let our fallen heroes know we will never forget them or their sacrifice.


text:
Parth Shah
Parth Shah is founder and president of the Centre for Civil Society, an independent, nonprofit think tank in New Delhi. Was visiting professor at Jawaharlal Nehru University and assistant professor at University of Michigan-Dearborn. Shah studied Pharmacy at Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences and has a PhD in Economics.
Fuente: www.linkedin.com
Más vídeos de Parth Shah
Liberal Reform in India
The Widening Gap between Rich and the Poor
Raúl Bravo: Ideas para liberar al Perú
Lección Inaugural 2017: Attacks on Freedom of Speech in Today's World
Is a Free Society Also a Just Society?
Antropología del capitalismo
Libertad económica y prosperidad
Difundiendo las ideas liberales


Insurance Knowledge at it BEST!!
Moved ALL of my coverage's to COBIA, worked with a few team members and all were very knowledgeable patient and friendly. I learned more about the Home, Auto, Boat, and Umbrella insurance then I have ever learned from my old insurance agent which was with a large national firm (for 20 years). I now understand the significance of protecting my home and family with additional liability overage for a very inexpensive price. They won me over with that one!!!!! Highly recommend a call to them at 321-914-0808 and at the very least hear what they have to offer. I did not only save money, but gained more coverage at the same time.
Have referred all my Friends & Family. Will usually get a quote with a few hours. If they can't get you a better deal they tell you upfront. Of course, they always seem to get the best policy & price.
Cobia has exceeded my expectations and has provided service far beyond what I might have expected. I use Cobia for my primary and rental home insurance. They have always beaten any other quotes I have received. I highly recommend them!!
Hearth & Home Improvements G.
Cobia insurance is friendly and efficient in supplying the correct insurance product for the needs of my business.
I contacted Cobia insurance agency and spoke with Christine LaTulippe who was quite knowledgeable and very courteous. She went to work creating a policy that met all my requirements and yet was very affordable. I would recommend Cobia to anyone who is looking for a professional and efficient agency.
Had the most competitive quote we received a full day ahead of any of the other agents we contacted. Thank you so much for all your help !
Christine Latulippe did a great job helping me get insurance. Great experience!
I have been working with Christine with Cobia Insurance, and have had an excellent experience. Her turnaround time is incredibly fast and she always has an immediate response to any question I have. Highly recommend their company!
I highly recommend Christine Latulippe and the Cobia Insurance Agency. We are first time buyers in Florida and found the purchasing of insurance with Christine to be a pleasure. She provided the quote in a timely manner. We called her several times to clarify the quote and she was prompt to answer our calls, extremely knowledgeable and quite friendly. I have absolutely no hesitation in recommending Christine and Cobia Insurance Company.


text:
US House Republican probed over January 6 attack may now investigate FBI
bruce lee January 8, 2023 2 min read
Washington: A prominent Republican whose phone was seized as part of the Justice Department's investigation into efforts to overturn the 2020 presidential election said Sunday he may seek to serve on a new House panel that will investigate those same federal investigators.
Congressman Scott Perry of Pennsylvania is an ally of former President Donald Trump who helped spread Trump's false claims that the 2020 election was stolen from him through widespread voter fraud.
The FBI seized his phone in August, apparently as part of an investigation into efforts to nullify the election.
Scott Perry, a member of the House Freedom Caucus, wants to investigate the FBI. Credit:access point
But Perry told ABC News This week show Sunday that he does not believe it would be a conflict of interest for him to participate in an FBI investigation in Congress.
"I get accused of all sorts of things every day, just like all the members who are out in the public eye," he said. "But that doesn't stop you from doing your job. It is our duty. And it is my duty.
Congressman Jim Jordan and other Republicans who now hold a narrow majority in the US House of Representatives have said they intend to establish a special select committee that will investigate the so-called "weaponry" of the federal government.
The committee's creation is one of many concessions House Speaker Kevin McCarthy agreed to as part of a deal to end a week-long deadlock over his candidacy by a group of hardline lawmakers. , including Perry, who leads the Freedom Caucus. .
See also Trump 'doubling down' on his embrace of right-wing extremists
The Justice Department, which has two ongoing investigations into Trump's actions in the 2020 election and his withholding of highly classified documents after he left the White House in 2021, will be the target of the new House committee's probe.
Tags: attack FBI House investigate January probed Republican
Michelle Heaton wants to make her children proud with Dancing On Ice stint – after addictions
AFL: Mia Fevola shows off her extreme tan: 'How are you so brown?'


text:
import collections
# Do reverse operation
class Solution:
    def deckRevealedIncreasing(self, deck: List[int]) -> List[int]:
        deck.sort()
        for i in range(len(deck) - 2, -1, -1):
            deck[i + 1:] = deck[-1:] + deck[i + 1: -1]
        return deck

# use queue to optimize time complexity
class Solution2:
    def deckRevealedIncreasing(self, deck: List[int]) -> List[int]:
        deck.sort()
        Q = collections.deque([deck[-1]])
        for i in range(len(deck) - 2, -1, -1):
            Q.appendleft(Q.pop())
            Q.appendleft(deck[i])
        return list(Q)

class Solution3:
    def deckRevealedIncreasing(self, deck: List[int]) -> List[int]:
        Q = collections.deque(range(len(deck)))
        result = [None] * len(deck)
        for card in sorted(deck):
            result[Q.popleft()] = card
            if Q:
                Q.append(Q.popleft())
        return result


Felting was never so fast. You can turn wool into felt accessories, decorative pieces, figures, bags, covers and even shoes in no time with the addiQuick turbo felting machine. The machine uses a special addi felting needle that does 2,500 stitches per minute. This makes felting the fibres lightning fast and allows you to create the most wonderful shapes. The addiQuick is equipped with a new, powerful motor and a stronger power cord. The needle holder has also been improved.


text:
Wednesday, 22 January 2020, 12:54 AM
A.I. benefits outweigh threats
Humanoid 'Sophia The Robot' of Hanson Robotics answering questions during a press conference at the 2017 Web Summit in Lisbon, Portugal, recently. AFP PIC
By Ahmad Kushairi
November 15, 2017 @ 8:04am
ARTIFICIAL Intelligence (AI) resurfaced as a hot topic at the recent Web Summit technology conference in Lisbon, Portugal, after renowned physicist Stephen Hawking commented that AI could be the "worst event in the history of our civilisation" unless society finds a way to manage its development.
These comments from someone of Hawking's stature triggered a series of questions on whether AI is a friend or foe. The term AI is defined as intelligence displayed by machines.
When a machine is able to mimic human "cognitive" functions, such as learning, reasoning or problem solving, AI comes into play.
To be fair, Hawking did not actually oppose AI in his statement.
He merely stated that unless the world can learn to manage and control AI to avoid the potential risks, AI could actually bring great disruption.
It's not like we are not aware of this. In fact, Hollywood movies like A.I., Artificial Intelligence, I Robot, The Matrix, Terminator and Wall-E had already portrayed the good and bad side of AI.
I like to see AI in terms of the potential it offers, which is, to make life better for mankind.
We are already seeing that in the development of medical diagnosis equipment, autonomous self-driving cars and voice-powered personal assistants like Siri and Alexa.
There will obviously be more in the future, with more advancement and investment in technological innovations.
Critics of AI do not argue about the potential of AI, but they fear that it will take over many jobs. Kai-Fu Lee, founder of venture capital firm Sinovation Ventures and a top voice on tech in China, recently stated that robots are likely to replace 50 per cent of all jobs in the next decade.
"It is the decision engine that will replace people," Lee said, adding that AI capabilities far exceeded those of humanity.
While this may be true, it's not fair to put the whole blame on AI. Many jobs become obsolete because there are newer and more efficient ways of doing things.
Some examples of tasks that time forgot would be switchboard operators, and assembly line and production workers. It's a natural journey of change, I believe.
Job obsolescence aside, I think the benefits of AI far outweigh the threats. Healthcare, for example, has always been a major concern for many.
AI can assist and improve our healthcare delivery and services tremendously in terms of advancing medical solutions through fast machine learning algorithms, precision molecular tools and robot assistants. Accuracy is key in the medical field and AI can be the answer when it comes to precision and accuracy.
It's no secret that Big Data is crucial in many industries. Businesses, small or large, rely heavily on data collection and data processing.
The fact that AI is used in real-time data processing, where every information can be processed and analysed within seconds, has been beneficial to many industries.
Take for example, finance and banking. AI has already thus far successfully assisted in terms of analysing fraudulent financial activities and a host of scams. Imagine what else AI can do in this industry to facilitate smarter trading, less damage and a more personalised experience.
Personalisation is what many of us want today. It would be nice if, in future, we can have a product or service specially customised to each of us. I believe AI algorithms can make this possible.
Tools, such as Virtual Assistants, Chatbots or Robo-advisers, are already being bandied as the future of customer service, to make for a more personalised experience for people.
AI can also break down language barriers and ease global interactions in all industries.
It is not all that bad as it is made out to be. It will open up room for people to focus on other aspects of work, such as creativity, strategic activities and other high-value tasks, instead of mundane repetitive work.
There are more industries that will certainly benefit from AI, such as education, agriculture, transport and oil and gas.
Having said all that, the future will be better and more exciting with AI.
It's like other technology advancements that are designed to help people work more productively, to improve the lives of individuals, to make certain tasks faster and convenient, and even to save lives.
Granted, there are critics that feel AI can be a threat to mankind. I have seen that only in movies.
Thus far, this technology has proven its potential to help us succeed and progress in life. We should not have any reason to fear AI for many years to come. After all, we humans created AI, hence, we should be able to find ways to manage and control it.
Ahmad Kushairi is the editor of BOTs, the weekly tech section in Life&Times. Trained in Maths, he has since traded his problem-solving skills with writing about how tech has helped to transform the world for the better. He can be reached via kushairi@mediaprima.com.my
Rising threat of cheaper A.I.
Benefits far outweigh the risks
Cost of Kra Canal outweighs benefits


With three rooms and a patio, the Hotel de Paris Sète offers a full range of choices for receptions and accommodates a broad type of projects.
For a business meeting, business lunch, a seminar, a varnishing, a press conference or for a private event, the professionalism of the teams associated with the unique charm of the Hotel de Paris Sète ensures the success of events in these places.
Christophe Chiavola, the chef of the Hotel de Paris Sète, guides and advises your inquiries, in choosing and designing menus, buffets and cocktails.
Please contact us for further information +33 4 67 18 00 18.
Restaurant closed on Sunday nights and Mondays all day in low season and open 7/7 in high season. Order of benefits adjusted according to time of arrival.


text:
<?php
/**
 * This file belongs to the YIT Framework.
 *
 * This source file is subject to the GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE (GPL 3.0)
 * that is bundled with this package in the file LICENSE.txt.
 * It is also available through the world-wide-web at this URL:
 * http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0.txt
 */

/**
 * Your Inspiration Themes
 *
 * @package Yithemes
 * @author  Your Inspiration Themes <info@yithemes.com>
 *
 * This source file is subject to the GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE (GPL 3.0)
 * that is bundled with this package in the file LICENSE.txt.
 * It is also available through the world-wide-web at this URL:
 * http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0.txt
 */

if ( ! defined( 'YIT' ) ) {
    exit( 'Direct access forbidden.' );
}

// HOOKS
add_action('wp_footer', 'add_custom_script'); //add custom script to footer

// FUNCTIONS
if( ! function_exists( 'add_custom_script' ) ){
    /**
     * Append a script tag to site footer, with the user-define custom script
     *
     * @return void
     * @since 1.0.0
     * @author Antonio La Rocca <antonio.larocca@yithemes.it>
    */
    function add_custom_script(){
        $script = stripslashes_deep(get_option( 'yit-custom-script_'.get_template() ) );
        if( $script !== FALSE && strcmp( $script, '' ) != 0 ):
        ?>
        <script>
            <?php echo  $script?>
        </script>
        <?php
        endif;
    }
}

if( !function_exists( 'yit_ie_version' ) ) {
    /**
     * Retrieve IE version.
     *
     * @return int|float
     * @since 1.0.0
     * @author Andrea Grillo <andrea.grillo@yithemes.com>
     */
    function yit_ie_version() {

        if ( ! isset( $_SERVER['HTTP_USER_AGENT'] ) ) {
            return - 1;
        }
        preg_match( '/MSIE ([0-9]+\.[0-9])/', $_SERVER['HTTP_USER_AGENT'], $reg );

        if ( ! isset( $reg[1] ) ) // IE 11 FIX
        {
            preg_match( '/rv:([0-9]+\.[0-9])/', $_SERVER['HTTP_USER_AGENT'], $reg );
            if ( ! isset( $reg[1] ) ) {
                return - 1;
            }
            else {
                return floatval( $reg[1] );
            }
        }
        else {
            return floatval( $reg[1] );
        }
    }
}

if( !function_exists( 'yit_is_old_ie' ) ) {
    /**
     * Retrieve true if is IE9 or IE8, false otherwise.
     *
     * @return bool
     * @since 2.0.0
     * @author Andrea Grillo <andrea.grillo@yithemes.com>
     */
    function yit_is_old_ie() {
        global $is_IE;

        $browser_detect = yit_detect_browser_body_class();
        return  ( $is_IE && ( in_array( 'ie8', $browser_detect ) || in_array( 'ie9', $browser_detect ) ) ) ? true : false;
    }
}


text:
Ernest Guiraud (New Orleans (Louisiana), 26 juni 1837 - Parijs, 6 mei 1892) was een Frans componist en muziekleraar. Hij heeft vooral bekendheid gekregen door het schrijven van de orkestrale recitatieven zoals die traditioneel gebruikt worden in de opera's Carmen van Bizet en Les contes d'Hoffmann van Offenbach.

Biografie
Guiraud begon zijn schoolopleiding in Louisiana onder de hoede van zijn vader, Jean-Baptiste-Louis Guiraud, die de Prix de Rome in 1827 had gewonnen. Op 15-jarige leeftijd zette hij een volledig libretto over Koning David op muziek, die hij en zijn vader hadden gevonden op een reis naar Parijs. Het resultaat was David, een opera in drie aktes, die een groot succes was in het Theâtre d'Orleans in New Orleans in 1853, en een voorbode van zijn toekomst.

In december van hetzelfde jaar, keerde Guiraud terug naar Frankrijk om zijn muzikale opleiding voort te zetten. Hij studeerde piano onder Marmontel en compositie bij Halevy aan het Parijse Conservatorium. Hij gold als een begaafd student en werd bekroond met een Premier prix voor piano in 1858. Hij won de Prix de Rome het jaar erna. Het is de enige keer dat zowel vader als zoon deze prijs verkregen. Hij raakte bevriend met Camille Saint-Saëns, Émile Paladilhe, Theodore Dubois en met name Georges Bizet.

Guiraud begon met geld verdienen door het schrijven van eenakters die dienden als voorprogramma voor de avonden in de theaters. Zijn eerste belangrijke muziektheaterstuk was Sylvie, dat in première ging in de Opéra Comique in 1864. Het werk was een groot succes en vestigde zijn reputatie in Parijs. In augustus 1870 raakte de Frans-Duitse Oorlog aan Parijs, terwijl zijn opera-ballet Le Kobold slechts 18 dagen bezig was. Alle theaters hielden hun deuren gesloten. Guiraud werd ingelijfd bij de infanterie en vocht voor Frankrijk tot het einde van de oorlog in 1871.

Hoewel Guiraud het meest belang hechtte aan het schrijven van opera's, waren de meeste opera's die hij schreef geen succes. Madame Turlupin (1872) werd gehinderd door een ouderwets libretto. Piccolino, zijn opéra comique in 3 aktes, voor het eerst uitgevoerd in 1876, is het hoogtepunt van zijn carrière. Een aantrekkelijk sorrentino gezongen door Célestine Marié (bekend als Galli-Marié), en een briljant en effectief ballet met de naam Carnaval (een deel uit zijn Eerste orkestsuite) maakten dat het werk lang zou blijven draaien. Na de eerste serie werd de opera echter nooit hernomen.

Na de dood van Bizet verzamelde Guiraud de originele partituren van Bizet en arrangeerde hij de frequent uitgevoerde Arlésienne-suite nr. 2. Hij arrangeerde ook twaalf delen uit Bizet's opera Carmen in twee Carmen-suites. Guiraud verkreeg het meest bekendheid door de recitatieven, zowel geliefd als bekritiseerd, als vervanging van de gesproken dialogen in de opera Carmen. Hij schreef ook recitatieven, en voltooide de partituur, van Jacques Offenbachs opera Les contes d'Hoffmann. Deze opera was onvoltooid bij de dood van Offenbach. De versie van Guiraud werd erg populair. Het was echter niet de enige versie die is uitgevoerd, omdat er een groot aantal andere versies zijn van andere componisten en arrangeurs die Offenbachs grote aantal schetsen gebruikten voor hun bewerkingen.

Guiraud's eigen muzikale productie bleef relatief klein, waarschijnlijk omdat hij zijn vrienden veelvuldig te hulp schoot en omdat zijn docentschap veel tijd kostte. Naast zijn opera's zijn zijn bekendste werken het ballet Le Forgeron de Gretna Green, uitgevoerd in de Salle Le Peletier van de Opéra op 5 mei 1873, Caprice voor viool en orkest (1885), en Chasse fantastique, symfonisch gedicht (1887).

Vanaf 1876 gaf Guiraud les aan het Conservatorium van Parijs. Hij was een van de oprichters van de Société Nationale de Musique en auteur van een boek over instrumentatie. In 1891 werd Guiraud gekozen tot lid van de Académie des Beaux-Arts en werd hij benoemd tot docent compositie aan het Conservatorium om Victor Massé te vervangen. Guiraud's lesmethoden voor harmonieleer en orkestratie werden zeer gerespecteerd en erkend in muzikale kringen. Zijn muzikale denkbeelden hadden grote invloed op Claude Debussy. Ook André Bloch, Mélanie Bonis, Paul Dukas, Achille Fortier, André Gedalge en Erik Satie behoorden tot zijn leerlingen.

Guiraud wijdde de jaren 1891 en 1892 aan de orkestratie van Kassya, een opera in vijf aktes van Léo Delibes. De opera bleef echter onvoltooid ten tijde van zijn dood op 54-jarige leeftijd in Parijs.

Opera's
David, opera in 3 aktes, libretto A. Soumet & F. Mallefille: Le roi David), première 14 april 1853, Theâtre d'Orleans, New Orleans, Verenigde Staten.
Gli avventurieri, melodrama giocoso in 1 akte, 1861, onuitgevoerd.
Sylvie, opera comique in 1 akte, libretto J. Adenis & J. Rostaing, première 11 mei 1864, Opéra-Comique (Favart), Paris.
 Le coupe du roi de Thule, opera in 3 aktes, libretto L. Gallet & E. Blau, 1869-1869, onuitgevoerd.
 En prison, opera comique in 1 akte, libretto T. Chaigneau & C. Boverat, première 5 maart 1869, Theâtre Lyrique, Parijs.
 Le Kobold, opera-ballet in 1 akte, libretto Gallet & Charles-Louis-Etienne Nuitter, première 26 juli 1870, Opera-Comique (Favart), Paris.
 Madame Turlupin, opera comique in 2 aktes, libretto E. Cormon & C. Grandvallet, première 23 november 1872, Théâtre de l'Athénée, Parijs.
 Piccolino, opera comique in 3 aktes, libretto V. Sardou & Nuitter, naar Sardou, première 11 april 1876, Opera-Comique (Favart), Paris.
 Le feu, opera, libretto Edmond Gondinet, incompleet, première 9 maart 1879, Parijs.
 Galante Aventure, opera comique in 3 aktes, libretto L. Davyl & A. Silvestre, première 23 maart 1882, Opera-Comique (Favart), Paris.
 Fredegonde, drame lyrique in 5 aktes, libretto Gallet, naar A. Thierry: Les récits des temps mérovingiens, incompleet, aktes 1-3 orkestratie door Paul Dukas, aktes 4-5 & ballet door Camille Saint-Saëns; première 18 december 1895, Opera, Parijs.

Frans componist
Frans pianist
Frans operacomponist


This year we decided to switch things up a bit with our summer reading assignment for our incoming students. In the past, we've assigned a class novel to read, often with some sort of discussion questions to answer and an essay to write. When the first day of school rolled around, the last thing we wanted to do was grade that pile of mediocre essays. And let's be honest, the last thing our students wanted to do over summer was write those mediocre essays and read an assigned book!
After much thought, we decided to do two things differently this summer than in summers past.
First, we figured it would be more beneficial to have students read books of their choice (we require three) and prepare a book talk to share with the class once school resumes. There are some great book talk resources on Teachers Pay Teachers. We expect a hook, brief summary (without giving away the ending), and a cliffhanger that makes us want to read that book. This works great, as it gives students a whole bunch of ideas for books they'll want to read independently during the school year as part of our literacy program.
Second, we are assigning a short story (as opposed to an entire book) for the whole class to read over the summer. We chose the story, "Eleven" by Sandra Cisneros, and seeing as it's only 22 paragraphs, we don't foresee any complaining from our students!* Rachel, the main character, experiences a wide range of emotions in these 22 paragraphs, and kids will totally relate to her reactions. While seemingly a simple story, there's lots of room for analysis – which is precisely why we've chosen to assign it over the summer!
We expect students to do the following: write down the vocabulary definitions they just learned, note character traits (depictions of the protagonist's appearance, the protagonist's thoughts and feelings, other characters' actions), highlight descriptions of the setting, highlight and label any figurative language. Read this blog post for more information on teaching annotating!
Because students are working with a much shorter text than is usually required, our hope is that they will be more engaged and do several close readings of the text to prepare their analysis. Plus, when we return to school, we'll be able to do a deep dive reading of the text since it's much shorter than a novel! This way, summer reading doesn't feel like such a waste of time, nor such a challenge to overcome when returning to school.
If you'd like to do the same thing, we've compiled these activities into one resource, and while we're using it for a summer assignment (simply making student packets), it can honestly be used any time of the year! You can grab it here or by clicking on the picture below. Enjoy!
Teaching a Sample Lesson? We've Got You Covered!


Continuing the delicious breakfast fruit smoothy and cereal trend. Variety of open topped grilled baguette sandwiches for lunch with Leberkäse, cheese, rocket, gherkins and tomatoes. Plus peanut butter and Nutella. Lots of Lemon infused water during the day. Rosita's Chili Mango Chicken Burrito with a Johannisbeere Schorle for dinner and a browny with vanilla ice cream and chai latte for supper.


…and he still looks like something that escaped from Roswell.
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Someone spent a lot of time and skill to do that? Why?
He got tired of masturbating?