text:
Open goal missed
April 10, 2018 ~ Peter A Bell
The question over what currency an independent Scotland would use dominated the campaign in the run-up to the 2014 referendum. – The National
And that was the problem. It was the wrong question. It was the British state's question. It was posed in order to create a particular narrative. A narrative which followed the pattern of grinding negativity which characterised Project Fear. A narrative of doubt. And arguably the greatest mistake made by the Yes campaign was allowing the narrative to be controlled by the British state and its propaganda machine. The so-called 'currency issue' exemplifies this failure to seize the agenda perhaps more depressingly well than any other aspect of the first independence referendum campaign.
What currency? The very act of responding to this question validated it. By accepting that it was a pertinent question, the Yes movement gave the British media an opening to foster the notion that there was a risk of independent Scotland being bereft of a functioning currency. The idea is ridiculous, of course. Simply stating explicitly the proposition that a modern Western European democracy with a healthy mixed economy would have no functioning currency reveals just how preposterous the idea is. But that is what is implied by the question. An implication then reinforced by media lies about nobody on the Yes side being able to answer the question.
And, of course, a large part of the Yes movement opted to run with the British Nationalist narrative. Instead of pointing out that it was the wrong question, they embraced the fallacious notion behind it – that there was some serious uncertainty regarding Scotland's currency affairs post-independence. At any given time, as much as a third of the Yes movement, mainly on the left, was to be found attacking the SNP and the Scottish Government and the white paper (Scotland's Future) rather than challenging the British Nationalist propaganda. Often, the rhetoric deployed in these attacks was indistinguishable from the language used by the British media.
One of the most sickening sights I've ever seen was in the early hours of Friday 19 September when I was at the referendum count in Perth. As the No results came in, I watch representatives of the British Labour, Conservative and Liberal Democrat parties hug and 'high-five' and kiss one another in a stomach-churning orgy of triumphalism; metaphorically popping the champagne as they celebrated Scotland's humbling at the hands of their precious, precious British state. It was a revolting spectacle. I wish No voters could have seen it. Although I not wish on my worst enemy the soul-rending, spirit-crushing guilt this sight would surely have occasioned in any No voter with a shred of conscience.
Almost as repugnant was witnessing people I knew to be both intelligent individuals and genuine independence supporters as they allowed themselves to be manipulated into undermining the very cause they were supposed to be fighting for. Smart, politically aware people behaving like puppets. It was disturbing to watch. And distressing to recognise the opportunity that was being missed.
The No campaign was, arguably, nowhere weaker than on the 'currency issue'. The declaration that, should Scotland vote Yes, the rUK would unilaterally abolish the currency union was not an act of economic calculation, it was an act of political desperation. It was the empty threat of a bully facing humiliation. It was the abusive partner in a failed relationship threatening mutually destructive retaliation should their spouse leave. Their house would be burned down. Their children would be harmed. They would suffer appalling physical violence. Should they refuse to submit, they would be destroyed.
Bullies tend to resort to such extreme threats when they are at their most vulnerable. George Osborne's 'Sermon on the Pound' signalled weakness disguised as strength. It was bluster made to look like boldness. It was exasperation dressed up as decisiveness.
And the Yes movement failed to exploit this moment of great weakness. Worse! Much of the Yes movement gave impetus to the British propaganda by unthinkingly parroting whatever line was being peddled by the BBC and the Unionist press. Those on the left – the righteous radicals and the 'Byres Road cappuccino commies' and the fractious fractions of fractured factions – were more concerned with flaunting their non-SNP credentials than with fighting an effective campaign. Others simply thought attacking their own side lent them an air of sophisticated even-handedness.
I say all this, not in a spirit of angry recrimination (OK! Maybe just a bit!) but in the sadly diminishing hope that lessons might be learned. Many of those who got it so tragically wrong are, I am regretfully aware, far too self-regarding to ever admit that Alex Salmond was right. They will never allow that the Scottish Government's position on currency was the correct one at the time. They will never acknowledge that they passed-up an opportunity to tear a huge hole in the anti-independence propaganda edifice. They will never recognise that they, not only missed an open goal, but scored a possibly decisive own-goal.
But some might have the strength of character to take responsibility for an unfortunate error. And that may better arm them for the ongoing fight to save Scotland from the onslaught of 'One Nation' British Nationalism.
You'll easily be able to identify those who have learned from past mistakes. They're the ones who are now responding to the 'what currency?' question with the only sensible answer there ever was – it doesn't matter! It is of little or no consequence what the currency is called or whose picture is on it or what colour it is… well.. OK! the colour matters. But the rest doesn't. It never did. What matters is how a nation's currency affairs are managed.
Is Scotland capable of managing its own currency affairs?
That is the only pertinent and important question. That is the meaningful question. That is the question the British political elite didn't want asked. Because that is the awkward question. The kind of awkward question the Yes movement should have been asking when, instead, it was berating and hectoring and harassing Alex Salmond on behalf of Project Fear and at the behest of the British media.
The British political elite didn't want this question asked for the simple and glaringly obvious reason that they cannot answer it without undermining their own propaganda. If they say Scotland is capable of managing its own currency, that undermines the effort to portray Scotland as utterly dependent on the beneficent and paternalistic British state. If the say Scotland isn't capable of managing its own currency, they face immediate angry demands to explain this slight.
If you weren't asking that question of Unionists during the first independence referendum campaign then you were missing a perfect opportunity to turn the tables on Project Fear.
That's not the only question that should have been asked of the British state on its threat to unilaterally abolish the currency union. (I'm not listing them again here. Think of them for yourself.) That position was so vulnerable it would have disintegrated under even mild scrutiny. It was never going to be subjected to that scrutiny by the British media. It was up to the Yes movement to do that. And we failed! Yes, 'we'! Because there is only one Yes movement and I am part of that movement as surely as I am part of the human species. We failed abysmally!
Some maintain that this failure to properly address the British state's threat to end the currency union was the single biggest factor in the outcome of the 2014 referendum. What is certain is that it is representative of the failings which rendered the Yes movement less effective than it might have been. We need to do better next time. As I've said elsewhere, we need to approach the coming referendum campaign with a totally new mindset. We need a change of attitude within the Yes movement.
We need to ensure that we never again allow our Yes movement to be manipulated and divided by British propaganda. We must not allow the British media to control the agenda.
We must rid ourselves of the idea that it is our aspiration which must be justified and recognise that it is the denial of that aspiration which has to be vindicated.
We must reject absolutely the notion that 'British' is the standard by which everything must be judged.
We must stop explaining and start demanding explanations.
We must stop searching for better answers to the wrong question and start asking the awkward questions.
We need to know that power is not given. Power is taken.
Posted in Politics, Uncategorized	#Referendum2018currency
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18 thoughts on "Open goal missed"
Reblogged this on Scotto Voce and commented:
We need a change of attitude within the Yes movement.
Alan J. Magnus-Bennett says:
I guess I have always maintained the view that Scotland already has its own currency. The fact that it called a pound (£) and aligned to the Bank of England is only by default having been printed by said bank. We have three Scottish banks all producing paper money with individual Scottish bank designs where the only reference to the GBP is the word 'Stirling'. This can easily be changed.
Alastair Ewen says:
"the only reference to the GBP is the word 'Stirling'. This can easily be changed."
Indeed, it can be changed easily to "Sterling"….
leakstwitter says:
It's time we did talk about currency. During the 2014 indyref I gave up explaining to people some basic currency facts. Things never mentioned publicly by the Yes movement, SNP et al.
For every Scottish pound printed a pound sterling must be deposited in a BoE account, with 5 billion pounds of notes in circulation, NIC. Splitting the pound and giving up Scotland's share back to a Scottish Bank would mean handing our own money back. We backed our own currency. Plus a share in BoE assets. Those Titans and Giants would return to Scotland.
Since the gold standard was dropped by Blair our British pound is just fiat currency, bits of paper with someone's face on it.
I find it incredible that we are even debating currency, Scottish currency in an independent Scotland will be CURRENCY, bits of paper with someone's face on it. We could even use we round bits of metal for coinage.
Does anyone have a better idea?
Orlando Quarmby says:
You have to ask, then, why The National is making issues like this the touchstones of any new referendum – in common with the unionist MSM.
The National isn't making currency an issue. Business for Scotland is acknowledging that circumstances have changed since the first referendum campaign. In my article, I'm looking backwards for lessons about going forwards. I'm pointing out that currency was never an 'issue' in the way British Nationalists portrayed it. hat is not to say it isn't an issue at all. Obviously, it's something that has to be considered. But it's no more than that.
Everybody want to make their pet issue the "touchstone" of a new referendum. It's all about this! It's all about that! It's all about whatever it is that I'm currently obsessing about! In fact,there's only one thing that the new referendum is 'all about', and that is our right of self-determination. Before we can restore Scotland's rightful constitutional status we must first assert our democratic right of self-determination. And the best way to assert a right is to exercise it. Everything else flows from that. If we don't take the power to decide, the question of 'what currency' becomes irrelevant. Because we won't be making the decision. We won't have a choice. The decision will be made for us. The choice will be imposed on us.
And what goes for currency,goes for everything else as well.
westminster is england says:
The Yes movement has to play the project fear game too. Westminster is trashing Scotland's democracy and Scotland's economy. Reducing the block grant steadily. They plan to assault Scottish culture.
A pro-indy project fear will not be dishonest. It is simply telling it like it is. This notion that we have to play the game for our country's freedom in some gentlemanly English public school cricket match kind of a way has to go.
The notion that if we pretend there's no genuine political emergency situation and that we're not really playing for high stakes then the public will slowly come round to the Yes camp in enough numbers is silliness of the worst kind. There's no point in studiously avoiding boat rocking when your enemies are going to tip the boat over anyway.
We have a second indyref now and even if we lose we're still fighting. Retreat and Westminster will succeed in reducing Scotland to a Lincolnshire.
And you're right on the money about currency Peter. Let's be a bit arrogant. If people ask us what Scotland will do about a currency after independence, just say that we'll have a currency, same as any country in the world has one. Then talk about Westminster's plans for Scotland if we don't get independence.
Scotland's choice is a seat at the United Nations between Saudi Arabia and Senegal on the one hand and a future as the new Lincolnshire on the other.
broadbield says:
I can see you're taking an historical approach on the premise that "those who cannot remember the past are condemned to repeat it." However, the question will undoubtedly come up again and I feel we need to say unequivocally that we will have our own currency and our own Central Bank.
Prof Richard Murphy said in an article in the National last year and repeated on his blog: "Scotland can truly be independent, and make its own choices on its economy, tax and much else, but I stress that's only true if it has its own currency and central bank. If it has neither if those things then the situation is very different. If it uses the euro look to Greece for the way Scotland could be beholden to the European Central Bank and the International Monetary Fund for permission as to what it may do in its own country: that's no route to independence. And if it uses sterling the Scottish government would continue, as it is now, to be a glorified local council working within constraints effectively laid down by the Bank of England, with whom it would have to bank, and in whose currency it would have to pay its debts at interest rates effectively set in London. If anything, this is an option worse than that which Scotland faces now." (http://www.taxresearch.org.uk/Blog/2017/08/03/get-the-currency-and-the-tax-system-right-and-an-independent-scotland-could-flourish/)
We also need to explain why it is imperative to have our own currency, and how recent thinking (MMT) which is gradually being accepted by most enlightened economists, means (among other things) that a country with its own currency can never go bust, and point out that even Westminster's bank has used MMT through Quantitive Easing, creating money where none existed before. (unfortunately the way they have used it benefited only a small sector of already rich people and bolstered the banks who caused all the trouble in the first place) For example, Murphy argues that a "People's QE" or a "Green New Deal" would have been a more effective use of the B of E's money creating facility.
There are a lot of myths and misunderstandings surrounding a sovereign currency, as many of the comments in today's National confirms. We have to address this rather than just saying "It'll be alright on the day – trust us" as people won't believe us.
Richard Murphy's blog is an excellent primer on currency, taxation and other issues too.
I'm very well aware that times have changed. Unfortunately, even if the Scottish Government's earlier plan was still 'on balance' the best option – which it might be – it would be all but impossible to sell it to the people of Scotland. This probably has much worse implications for rUK than for Scotland. But what can you do, eh?
I usually enjoy your arguments, but I'm having difficulty understanding this one. While I can see that saying we will use Sterling might assuage the fearful, I think it was economically illiterate, for the reasons given by Richard Murphy above. I hope some lessons have been learned.
It's not all about economics. There's also the political aspect. The problem with 'experts' is that they tend, perhaps naturally enough, to analyse everything in isolation and in terms of their own expertise. You may respond that this goes for politicians as well. But the expertise in politics comes from being able to balance a range of expert analyses and take account of myriad connected issues. And that's what Alex Salmond did with the currency issue.
Looked at from a purely economic perspective, the Scottish Government's position may have appeared economically illiterate – although I think that's being a bit harsh. Viewed from a political perspective which takes into account, among other things, the need to "assuage the fearful", the position looks at least 'politically literate'. Especially when the connections are taken into consideration.
Remember that maintaining the currency union was not the whole of it. The Scottish Government's position was every bit as much concerned with the issue of debt and concern to protect the economy of rUK. It is in Scotland's interests that the r\uk economy is healthy. We do a lot of business with them.
There's nothing wrong with abstracting a political position, in whole or part, for the purpose of examining it using the tools of a particular trade. But we must never lose sight of the fact that it has been abstracted. And that, after it has been dismantled and inspected, it has to be put back together and returned to its place in the big machine. A N Whitehead called it the fallacy of misplaced concreteness.
When all is said and done, we come back to the same point. If people are saying that Alex Salmond got it wrong on the currency issue because this position was vulnerable to attack, then the onus is on them to demonstrate that there was another option which would not have been vulnerable. Or would at least have been less vulnerable. There was no such option. There was no 'right' answer. Only answers which were wrong to a greater or lesser extent. An answer may look right in a very particular light. But look quite wrong when illuminated by pure white light.
What made Salmond's answer wrong was, not economics, but the failure of the Yes movement to support it. Right or wrong was not a matter of absolute objective fact. It was a matter of judgement. The position was up for a vote. And about a third of the Yes movement chose to vote with the No campaign.
Jim Coll says:
A wee reminder needed here I think Peter et al.
Page 378 of "Scotland's Future", Crown copyright 2013 – Currency – 8. What currency will an independent Scotland use? We propose that the pound Sterling will continue to be the currency of an independent Scotland. – 9. Will Scotland join the Euro? No. The current Scottish Government is clear that Sterling should continue to be the currency of an independent Scotland.
So, Peter, we set the argument, that some anonymous Welsh Labour type countermanded and waslater copied by Lord Waggiefinger with his request for a Plan B. We put ourselves on the back foot.
You're making the same mistake made by a great many people. Disregard the merits of the policy position itself for a moment. Think only in terms of political choices. For a political choice to be wrong, in any sense, there must be an alternative that is less wrong.
Now, go back to considering and comparing the merits of all the options available to Alex Salmond. You will not find one that is less wrong as a political choice. What you will find are options which are better in terms of your personal preferences. But that is not the basis on which Alex Salmond was making his political choice. It was not, and could not be, a subjective judgement. It was a matter of political judgement.
On that point, is it not curious that people who will readily allow that Salmond is one of the most astute political operators around are simultaneously prepared to believe that he is prone to making massively stupid blunders? And why do they believe that? Two reasons spring to mind. They choice made does not accord with their personal preferences. Or because they're responding to the media. In most cases, it is likely to be a bit of both. People who judge it the wrong choice on the basis of their subjective assessment will find affirmation of that judgement in the media's critical commentary. And who doesn't like to have their subjective judgements affirmed by a 'higher authority'?
Alex Salmond knew that his currency position would be attacked regardless of what it was. He also knew that the volume and relentlessness of the attack would make it appear that he was "on the back foot". He therefore chose the option which was most defensible on purely rational grounds. Which would, as a corollary, tend to make the best option in economic terms. He may have appeared, at least to the casual observer, to be "on the back foot", but he didn't fall. Why? Because he had chosen solid ground on which to make his stand. You will doubtless recall the shrill frustration of his enemies when they failed make Salmond so much as waver despite throwing pretty much the entire weight of the British state's propaganda machine at him.
What Alex Salmond may not have reckoned on was the extent to which individuals and groups on the Yes side added their weight to that mustered by the British political elite. The mistake was not Salmond's. The mistake was declining to set aside their personal preferences and policy agendas to get behind the sound political choice. It was an appalling display of political naivety such as not even Salmond's nous and experience could have prepared him.
It wasn't a betrayal of Salmond personally. Although it could easily be seen that way. It wasn't a betrayal of the SNP. Although there were party members among those who so stupidly and needlessly turned on Salmond. It may not even have been a betrayal of the independence movement. Although that one is more difficult to argue. Worse, perhaps than all of these, the Yes movement joining forces with the British Nationalists was a betrayal of plain good sense. It was thoughtless. It was mindless.
Because of that thoughtlessness and mindlessness – perhaps spiced with more than a pinch of personal and/or partisan malice – the Yes movement missed an opportunity to turn the tables on Better Together, the British parties and the British establishment in a way that would have done considerable damage to their nefarious campaign. It might even have been a decisive blow. It sickens me to think that the 2014 referendum may have been lost due to the folly of a large part of the Yes movement.
I suspect this may have irked Alex Salmond as much as it irked me. Given his history, it's easy enough to believe that he had danced the British Nationalists into a trap. But the trap was never sprung on the them because the Yes movement was too intent on pushing Salmond into it.
I could explain at more length the nature of that trap and how it could have been used effectively, but this reply is already rather lengthy. I'm going to stop here also because I still get quite angry when I think about that missed opportunity. I'll finish by saying that it would be gratifying to think lessons had been learned in the Yes movement. Regrettably, I have cause to regard that as a forlorn hope.
geacher says:
Good gawd, this is stupid stupid stuff. You guys really haven't got a scooby doo, have you?
There will be no currency union, WM & BoE have made this clear… there is no upside for rUK but a huge downside for them in doing this…. why would they? That is a rhetoric question 'cos nobody on here, least of all Mr Bell has the brains to answer it.
Sterlingisation? Yep, you could do that…upside? We get to use sterling. Downside?
We could not print our own money.
There would be no Lender Of Last Resort for financial institutions in Scotland. They would leave and go somewhere else. England? Dublin? Paris? Who knows, but they wouldn't stay in Scotland. Too great a risk.
In order to maintain a steady flow of a foreign currency in our country, we would have to try and achieve an equitable flow of currency twixt Scotland and rUK . Never ever going to happen. with our imports from England being so high.
A foreign country would be making decisions on our bank interest rates, which may not be in the best interests of our country all the time.
No fiscal transfer. £10billion smackeroonies, guys.
"This probably has much worse implications for rUK than for Scotland." Utter shite.
Finally, a belter from Mr Bell: "British state on its threat to unilaterally abolish the currency union. (I'm not listing them again here. Think of them for yourself."
If Scotland goes independent, then it is Scotland that is walking out of the currency union, not the "British state", and the reason that Mr Bell is "not listing them again here." is because he does not know.
He hasn't got a bloody clue.
SandyW says:
Top trolling, Geacher, I'm sure you'll win over lots of people with your patronising 'nobody here has the brains to answer it'. Mervyn King admitted (after the referendum, of course) that a currency union or sterlingisation were perfectly feasible options. The question you have to answer is 'what would be the effect on rUK if their national debt per head jumped 10% (because Scotland no longer paid a share) and their balance of trade was no longer supported by dollar denominated oil exports?'
As for your 'Fiscal transfer, £10billion smackeroonies', that's 'utter shite'. A fiscal transfer from Westminster to Scotland is meaningless without looking at the fiscal transfer of nearly all Scotland's tax and oil revenue to Westminster first.
SandyW… you make my case right there fella. Nowhere in the interview does Mervyn King say the words that you attribute to him, tho' he does say that there would be "an issue about public finances". I suggest you go ans watch it again and tell me I'm wrong.
" A fiscal transfer from Westminster to Scotland is meaningless without looking at the fiscal transfer of nearly all Scotland's tax and oil revenue to Westminster first."
That is gobbledegook. We as a country raised £58b in taxes last year, and spent £71b. We received over £1,700 per person more in public service funding than the UK average, and more than we could have spent on our own if we were independent. On the first day of independence, we would lose that source of income. Where would we make that up, that £10b?
As for Scotland no longer paying a share of the UK's debt? Well if you consider that last year we paid 8.4% OF the debt, but contributed almost 21
% TO the debt, then you will see that rUK would be better of. tell me, how could a small independent country cope with a deficit of £13B? Over £2,000 for every person in Scotland?
"As the No results came in, I watch representatives of the British Labour, Conservative and Liberal Democrat parties hug and 'high-five' and kiss one another in a stomach-churning orgy of triumphalism; metaphorically popping the champagne as they celebrated Scotland's humbling at the hands of their precious, precious British state. It was a revolting spectacle. I wish No voters could have seen it. Although I not wish on my worst enemy the soul-rending, spirit-crushing guilt this sight would surely have occasioned in any No voter with a shred of conscience."
This is hilariously overwrought. I hope for your sake it's some sort of deliberate rhetorical device.
If you actually wake up this angry about the referendum every morning, I think it's time to speak to a qualified psychiatrist, or get a job.


There is a lot of soap opera, but there's no center to the show, and no sense of life as it's actually lived. There's rarely a moment of quiet in "Gossip Girl"—perhaps because its content seems to be secondary to its primary purpose of marketing pop songs, which are heard throughout.
What Franklin misses, I think, is the show's underlying maliciousness. It's applied with a light tough, sure, but the show takes great pleasure in being bad, in engaging in a lavishly funded version of the social warfare that dominates so much of middle class, adolescent life. To put it bluntly, the show delights in bitchiness, in the thrill of planning and executing a perfect backstabbing. Sure, it makes the necessary nods to the consequences of such misbehavior. But the niceness isn't even desert – it's more like an after-dinner mint, utterly secondary to the point and pleasures of the main course.
And then, of course, there's the New York as shopping-catalog-fantasia aspect to the show. No, it's not even realistic for what it portrays, but that's hardly the point. Gossip Girl does for the young and worldly what Spider Man does for adolescent geeks: deals lightly with their everyday social difficulties in the context of impossible power and freedom. For a certain set, being a young, rich, gorgeous New York socialite is like having superpowers.
In many ways, the show makes a strange but apt counterpart to AMC's Mad Men. Both are shows examine the luxurious lives of New York's gilded Upper East Side elite, and both imply that the nation's richest zip code is more than just a location, but a distinct and all-consuming way of life. Yet only Gossip Girl seems willing to accept that the UES lifestyle has some real benefits, that it's more than a stifling, conformist drag.
I've got an essay that's critical of Mad Men in the new issue of National Review, and you'll have to pick copy for the whole thing (which you should, if only for the many other great articles), but the gist of it is that Mad Men is too tepid and passionless to really succeed. Unlike The Sopranos, which never failed to let its audience understand the temptations and fleshly gratification that came from the gangster lifestyle, Mad Men is too smug, too cool in tone, too willing to stand at a distance and judge its characters rather than substantively interact with the benefits of their wealthy and lifestyle. Gossip Girl, on the other hand, is willing to engage with its characters' indulgences, and allow for the fairly basic, and, I think, rather obvious, idea that, yes, being fabulously rich can be pretty exciting. That doesn't make Gossip Girl great art, or even great TV, but it does make for consistently pleasurable frivolous fun—and sometimes that's enough.


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text:
Sir Richard de Stapledon (died 1326) of Annery in the parish of Monkleigh, North Devon, England, was a judge and the elder brother of Walter de Stapledon (1261-1326), Bishop of Exeter. His effigy and monument survive in Exeter Cathedral.

Origins
Stapledon was probably born at Annery, the eldest son and heir of Sir Richard Stapledon, of Annery, descended from a noble stock. The Stapledons originated at the estate of Stapledon (ten miles south-west of Annery), in the parish of Cookbury, four miles east of Holsworthy and about thirteen miles south west of Bideford in Devon. His younger brother was Walter de Stapledon (1261-1326) Bishop of Exeter  and twice Lord High Treasurer of England, who founded Exeter College, Oxford.

Career
Stapledon was a lawyer and a judge, a Justice of Assizes for the western circuit. Few records have survived concerning his career. In August 1315 he entertained his brother the bishop at his manor house at Stapledon when he came to dedicate Cookbury church. He also was granted by his brother a licence to have a  private chapel at Stapledon, a common request made by many of the mediaeval country gentry. The estate of Stapledon descended as Annery, eventually to the St Leger family, but then diverged when sold to Speccott, thence to Hele, Trelawney, May and Harvey.

Landholdings
Records of a lawsuit brought against "Richard de Stapledon, knight, of Devon" in 1341/5, thus after his death, or perhaps referring to a son then living, for recovery of a debt of £28 5 shillings owed to Master Robert Hereward, Archdeacon of Taunton, reveal that Stapledon held lands in Devon including one knight's fee in Huish, Fremington Hundred; parts of a fee in Stapledon, Cookbury, etc. in Black Torrington Hundred; in West Down, Braunton Hundred and in Broad Harford in South Molton Hundred.

Milton Damerel (demesne)
Stapledon was granted the demesnes of the manor of Milton Damerel by Hugh Courtenay, 2nd Earl of Devon (1303–1377), whose effigy also survives in Exeter Cathedral. Milton Damerel later passed with Annery to the Hankfords.

Drannack, land and advowson
In 1311 Stapledon received a grant of one acre in the parish of Drannack, near Gwinear in Cornwall, with the advowson of the Church of St Winneri, authorised by the overlord Gilbert de Clare, 8th Earl of Gloucester. In 1318 he conveyed the same to the Diocese of Exeter and the possessions, including the Gwinear great tithes, were then bestowed by his brother the bishop as part of the endowment of  his foundation of Stapleton Hall, Oxford, later Exeter College. The income from the tithes provided twelve scholarships, for "poor but sober boys", eight in Devon and four in Cornwall.

Marriage and progeny
No records survive concerning the identity of Stapledon's wife. It was stated by Prince that Stapledon's progeny continued in the male line at Annery for a further two or three generations, and then on the failure of the male line passed via a daughter and sole heiress, Thomasine Stapledon, to her husband Sir Richard I Hankford, ancestor of Sir William Hankford (d. 1422), KB, Lord Chief Justice of England.

Death and burial

On 14 October 1326, Stapledon was murdered in the City of London, whilst trying to rescue his brother the bishop from an angry mob, which shortly afterwards murdered the latter also. The events were as follows. Bishop Stapledon was associated in the popular mind with the misdeeds of King Edward II. On fleeing London before the advancing troops of Queen Isabella, that king appointed Stapledon Custos or "Keeper" of the City of London, the population of which was mostly in favour of the Queen. Foreseeing her forced entry into the City, Stapledon demanded from the Lord Mayor of London the keys to the gates, in order to lock her out. However, when the population heard of this they "lay in wait to surprise the bishop", who fled for safety from this mob into St Paul's Cathedral. According to Prince (d. 1723), Sir Richard was with his brother at the time and attempted to save him from the mob. However, as they rode (presumably from Blackfriars where (according to William de Dene's history of the See of Rochester) the Bishop of London and Bishop Stapledon had gathered together with a group of the Kings Justices) into the City towards St Paul's, through the gate called Cripplegate, a cripple took hold of one of the forelegs of Sir Richard's horse and by crossing it threw the horse and rider to the ground, whereupon Sir Richard was murdered by the mob. The bishop reached St Paul's, but found no safety there as the mob entered and dragged him out and proceeded to beat and wound him and dragged him to the Great Cross at Cheapside "where those sons of the devil most barborously murdered him" on 15 October 1326. The bishop was eventually given an honourable burial on the north side of the chancel of Exeter Cathedral, where his effigy and monument survive. The murder of Sir Richard Stapledon is described as part of a verse epitaph in Latin composed by John Hooker (d.1601) and formerly visible above the monument of his brother the bishop:
"Auxilio cupiit dum fratri frater adesse,
Acriter in fratrem gens malesuada premit,
Arrepto similem plebs infert effera mortem,
Strage hac exultat sanguinolenta truci,
Certe miles erat fortisque bonusque favori,
Rarus ac in rabie suevit adesse locus".
("He desired the help of his brother, his brother being present; swiftly the evil-intentioned people pressed forward to his brother; who having been snatched likewise the people caused his death; and exulted by this bloody, savage slaughter; Certainly he was a knight, strong and good; of rare favour and accustomed to be present in a place of fury").

Monument in Exeter Cathedral

Sir Richard was also buried in Exeter Cathedral, near his brother the bishop, against the north wall across the north ambulatory from the bishop's tomb. His tomb is marked by an elaborate monument comprising a recessed ogee shaped niche set into the wall, containing his recumbent effigy, in the form of a cross-legged knight, which style supposedly represents crusaders. At the effigy's head stands a small statue of a man and at the feet a horse with an even smaller statue of a man holding its reins. According to Prince (d. 1723) this last group refers to the tradition of the cripple who seised the foreleg of Sir Richard's horse at Cripplegate and thereby threw him off his horse into the hands of the murderous mob. It is however more likely that the figures are "a touching early fourteenth century visual representation of the Knight with his immediate following ... a knight is shown accompanied by his squire, page and horse". The Devon historian Sir William Pole (d. 1635) stated that the arms of Stapledon (Argent, two bends wavy sable) were displayed on the shield of the effigy, but today no trace of colour remains. These arms are however still visible (possibly restored) on the nearby monument to his brother the bishop.

References

Lawyers from Devon
1326 deaths

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


In this interview, Julien Guerrero discusses his research into developing biomaterials for bone repair using stem cells from waste adipose tissue.
In this interview, filmed exclusively at Translational Opportunities in Stem Cell Research (Basel, Switzerland), Julien Guerrero discusses his research into developing biomaterials for bone repair using stem cells from waste adipose tissue.
Julien is a postdoctoral researcher in the Tissue Engineering group of Ivan Martin in the Department of Biomedicine at the University Hospital Basel (Switzerland).
Want to learn more about what went on at this conference?
Watch the RegMedNet video conference report!


text:
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What reindeer and Indigenous perspectives can teach us about climate change
3 May 2022 | Curiously Intercultural, Hot Topic, Research
Above a photograph illustrating the perspective of a reindeer herder by Erika Larsen. She is a transdisciplinary storyteller and her powerful work includes the project 'Walking With Reindeer' in which she documents the life of Sámi Indigenous People. Click here to view the rest of her interesting collection.
Written by Zaira Spanjersberg
Imagine someone asking you to describe Europe; what would your first thoughts be? You will probably think of historic capitals, the variety of Romance and Germanic languages, and rich development once driven by an abusive colonialist system. Something as 'otherly', how Edward Saïd would put it, as a large Indigenous community with extensive history does not come to mind quickly when imagining the European geographical area.
It is, however, necessary for us Europeans―though I account it to all Westerners that enjoy privileged backgrounds―to add Indigenous communities in Europe to the collection of the conscious. The upper north of Europe, characterised by arctic landscapes, is the home of the Sámi Indigenous People who found a way of living in the region long time ago. But who are the Sámi and what can we learn from their lifestyle about climate change? Turns out to be pretty much.
During my visit to Norway in March 2022 I had the opportunity to visit a Sámi herding spot. Among the Sámi that welcomed the group of visitors to their camp, one Sámi girl in particular, Inga, managed to grab my attention with her powerful story-telling skills and strong character. Her stories convinced me that bridging the gap between modern and Indigenous communities is an absolute necessity for the survivability of all people―perhaps an area where interculturalism should have greater influence. Understanding each other requires stepping out of our comfortable realities and dip-toe into unknown waters. I therefore challenge you to think from the Sámi point-of-view: the reindeer.
System of oppression
Before we start delving into the essences of this essay, first some basics. The territory of Sámi (called Sápmi in Sámi language) stretches over four countries: Norway, Sweden, Finland, and Russia. Like many other Indigenous Peoples, Sámi are survivors of colonisation and oppression, and continue to face deep-rooted discrimination. Inga explained that Sámi were forbidden by European settlers to use their language and customs, and were forced to assimilate to 'modern' standards [note: I placed 'modern' between apostrophes because I find its associations challenging; a separate essay can be written on the meanings of modern!].
These power dynamics, without any doubt, had enormous consequences for their quality of life. Luckily, the Sámi managed to successfully revolt against forced assimilation efforts since the second part of the twentieth century. This led to the gradual solidification of Sámi rights in various treaties, such as in Article 3 of the Treaty of the European Union[1] and national jurisdictions[2]. Although the protection of Sámi heritage improved significantly since then, former systems of oppression left their mark on the community. Continued hate speech against Sámi is one of them―something Inga experienced herself. Furthermore, there is still a great need for attention and acknowledgement for their centuries-old traditions and knowledge. I will explain the reason why further below.
Reindeer, migration and recent complications
As briefly introduced above, the reindeer to Sámi is what the sun resembles in our universe. Traditionally, Sámi get most of their resources from reindeer, which is the reason why they follow herds during their migration to the winter and the summer lands. Changing landscapes as the result of climate change are, however, causing major obstacles in migratory patterns that make reindeer increasingly vulnerable.
For example, since reindeer follow the same arctic routes during migration, they risk drowning during the tidal of seasons due to early melt of otherwise solid, frozen lakes. Although reindeer are actually good swimmers―they have buoyant, oxygen-filled skin―getting pulled into deep, wide waters together will likely lead to death anyway. Another problem is the creation of ice layers on fruitful soil. Rainy weather during the winter period in Northern Norway occurs more often than decades ago resulting in ice layering on soil during the arrival of frost at night. Normally, reindeer could dig with their hooves for food, but this method of food gathering becomes nearly impossible with solid ice on soil. In worst case scenarios, reindeer die of starvation because of this meteorological development.
Dominant thought of modern societies
The worth of a single reindeer to Sámi cannot be clearly expressed in Western logic. Perhaps money would be the modern equivalent to express its worth, but even that comparison is insufficient. Inga explained that Sámi can get monetary compensation from the government if a reindeer passes due to unnatural circumstances.
However, since the worth of reindeer cannot be truly articulated to money, needs and wishes are not always met for the Sámi families that depend on the herds. According to Sámi logic, there should be a difference in compensation between losing a male or a female reindeer. When a male reindeer passes, you lose the resources of one reindeer. But when a female reindeer passes, you lose resources of the reindeer plus the lives it would give afterwards in the form of new-born calves. Understanding each other's reasoning is in this case, again, vital to achieve mutual satisfaction within affected communities.
Indigenous rights or revenue?
The stories of cultural disparity between Sámi and modern thought do not exist as a separate entity, but are felt in similar dimensions by many other Indigenous communities. Due to the lack of understanding within modern societies about Indigenous ecology and the interconnectedness of natural life, modern and Indigenous reasoning conflict. Instead of working together with nature, the modern world prefers to take control over it. Giving priority to capitalist money-making 'machines' is another pivotal point of conflict, which, I believe, can in general be described as one of the core problems within the modern state's inability to perform effective climate action.
Examples of such revenue-based conflicts can be found all across Lapland, such as the establishment of wind turbine farms or mining sites on reindeer grazing lands. It seems through these examples that even in liberal Europe capital is still prioritised over the lives of people. And although Sámi parliaments have been established in the Nordic countries to represent Indigenous voices, current reality somehow does not lead to sufficiency for all, yet.
Lessons to be learned
The fact that connections need to be strengthened between the Norse and the Sámi, between the modern and the Indigenous, is clear. Understanding each other's views on life can bring each of us a lot, including a possible increase in survivability chances on earth. When we learn to see the value of for example a reindeer, we learn how to appreciate our surroundings differently as a consequence.
Try to think of something that represents the sun in your private universe. Obviously, the thing you consider most important probably lures your attention and actions the most. What would some of the key actions be to sustain the central object within your orbit? It starts with cherishing and respecting the object, and consequentially, you will also protect its environment. Just imagine how starkly different our actions would be if global systems put environmental health before profit.
Place nature at the centre of your universe, and the rest will follow.
Learning how to adapt to the forces of Gaia and how to take better care of nature is a mission of us all. Indigenous communities are absolutely vital for the successful restoration of our damaged environment―we have a lot to learn from mentalities that are not tainted with the (almost) unconscious drive of profit-over-people. In order to achieve greater connectedness and understanding, interculturalism of the deepest levels are necessary to tear down our walls and achieve mutual understanding for our values. And this, I am sure, will bring us to intellectual higher grounds and move us to a better version of all communities.
[1] Treaty of the European Union, Article 3
[2] Norwegian Constitution, Article 110
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Did anybody notice this before? It is basically a template which produces a mobile phone sized screen with nothing but a few text ads. Could be very good for Japanese domains. I set all my Japanese domains to use this earlier and will watch it for a few days to see if it improves the low ctr.
thks, i saw it, pls keep us informed.
Last edited by phio; 7th February 2008 at 04:49 PM..
I have a few .mobi ascii's there at parked. For anyone who wants to see the layout on their iphone or other mobi device take a look at earbud.mobi Not fancy, but it works!
Has anyone used parked with their IDN's?
The dot mobi template has nothing to do with dot mobi domains - you can use this template on any extension (dot com, dot jp, etc).
Thanks, my mistake! Next time it would help me to read the title.
hi jackson, any luck on this?
Yeah. Any luck? Huh? Huh?
It does appear to have slightly increased my CTR.


text:
Q: Activity shown in custom cell view I have to create a screen displaying various activity in the user's account such as picture like, uploading images and videos. Just like this-

I thought of using custom TableViewCell for which I need to make two different custom cells in a same table view. I had no problem while making a custom cell for the 2nd activity but am facing problem for the first activity as I have to add an UIImageView for the picture and video. The height of view is not increasing along with UIImage added. Can anyone tell me how can I make two different shapes of custom cells or should I use some other way to show the activities?

A: You should calculate cell height for different cells. Here is how I do with this:
+(CGFloat)heightForBubbleWithObject:(MessageModel *)object
{
    CGSize retSize = object.size;
    if (retSize.width == 0 || retSize.height == 0) {
        retSize.width = MAX_SIZE;
        retSize.height = MAX_SIZE;
    }else if (retSize.width > retSize.height) {
        CGFloat height =  MAX_SIZE / retSize.width  *  retSize.height;
        retSize.height = height;
        retSize.width = MAX_SIZE;
    }else {
        CGFloat width = MAX_SIZE / retSize.height * retSize.width;
        retSize.width = width;
        retSize.height = MAX_SIZE;
    }
    return 2 * BUBBLE_VIEW_PADDING + retSize.height;
}

A: in ios 8 and above put this magical lines and make sure the constraints are properly given
self.tableView.rowHeight = UITableViewAutomaticDimension;
self.tableView.estimatedRowHeight = 44.0;

there is a wonderful answer about this please refer it for the details Using Auto Layout in UITableView for dynamic cell layouts & variable row heights

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


I am going to take everyone back to the glorious days we had in September for today's preview.
Jessica and Elliot held their wedding ceremony at St George's United Reform Church in the beautiful village of Thornton Hough and then we went on to Inglewood Manor. The hotel and grounds never fail to impress no matter what the weather is doing, and lends itself to some awesome photography opportunities.
We must thank everyone attending the wedding for treating us almost like family members, we had a fantastic time and where made to feel really welcome.


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text:
Q: Possible JInput memory leak This post  checking-for-similar-controllers  would seem to indicate that controller connection/disconnection functionality doesn't exist. Our GUI has a requirement to detect when a device gets removed (e.g. cable pulling ) currently it does this by allocating a DirectAndRawInputEnvironmentPlugin object - on a timer (once a second).
However, if the device is left unplugged for over nine hours the app freezes and an OOME is thrown. jvisualvm's memory sampler indicated that the DIDeviceObject had quite a few instances occupying a large chunk of memory which doesn't get released until the app closes. Binaries for the Jinput java  code were replaced with library java source code to facilitate debugging etc, after reviewing the constructor for the DirectInputEnvironmentPlugin I noticed that there was a ShutdownHook added as a privileged action. After commenting out the ShutdownHook code, the memory leak was resolved but the code still fails (in a different way) as the library fails to create a dummy window needed for win32 device enumeration.  I've tried to build the jinput library to debug the dll but have failed todo so thus far, Java as not been on my radar until now so everything is new !.
Any ideas regarding any of the above gratefully received.

A: Allocating a new plugin is not something you should be doing, if you need to detect controllers being plugged in or removed, implement the interface that is already there. I've asked for volunteers before to implement it, but suddenly it becomes a lower priority. If you wish to help out JInput and implement the interface, feel free to contact us over at the javagaming.org forums.


I was preparing for Tanglei Festival 2018 since the 2017's edition of the festival ended. Along with a team of young, committed and risk takers we were burning all possible lamps and oils to make the third edition of the festival by Oinam Sports Association as grand as we could in the name of Ibudhou Tangleibung, the village deity of Oinam. But after all the preparations and tight schedules I had to drop to attain an after wedding ceremony for one of my besties, Mr. Sandeep Kongjengbam Singh. The blessing is Tanglei Festival was postponed from 4th February to 2nd of March, 2018 and I had my chance to attain the ceremony.
We were Lukhendro Keisham, Sukumar Sorokhaibam and Rajeshkumar Nongthombam. Sukumar brought his car for the trip and the only man behind wheels for the entire trip, he gets sick to be an occupant along the hilly roads. As we head start from Imphal on 21st January, 2018 the first thing we notice was the ongoing construction work of railway tunnels along National Highway No. 37 to connect Imphal and Jiribam. We stop by at Nungba for lunch. This is the town where almost all the passengers use to get down, eat and have all things cleared for the other halve of the journey to Jiribam or beyond. Here, I met the old grannie I knew more than 15 years ago while travelling to Jiribam for the first time with my mom. My family knows her quite well as she was born and brought up in my village, Oinam until she got married to the neighbouring village, Keinou. She still owns and runs the same hotel we had lunch back then. As kind as the one I knew her she had all the memories as fresh as the moments were, reminds me of my mom.
Sandeep came in person to pick us up at Jiribam town. He took us to the Manipuri Guest House which is located just in front of his house. It was constructed by the Meitei community of Lakhipur especially for Manipuris visiting the place and around. Found that it was inaugurated by the than Hon'ble Member of Parliament Dr. Thokcom Meina on 17th January, 2011. With betel nut trees surrounding the campus of the guest house the place was calm, clean and well maintained with spacious rooms. The house is maintained by a committee including members from various Meitei villages in Lakhipur. We all hopped in one room.
We attended the after wedding ceremony, "Loukhatpa" on 22nd February. Sandeep and his wife Anupama were married a year ago at the bridegroom's house but without the blessings from bride's family. As a customary to Meitei tradition Anupama's family invited the couple and the families of Sandeep at the bride's home as a mark of acceptance and recognition to their wedded relationship. In presence of the families, friends and community priests the acceptance ceremony was held with the most complete formalities. A feast was served after the ceremony. The families of Anupama were than invited to Sandeep's home the day after on 24th February. A feast was served again.
Apart from the events we came for we met some old friends and made new ones too. The place, the people and the food made us felt like home. It was my first experience to visit a tea garden. Once our car broke down near the Sadarghat Bridge in the middle of a tight traffic in Silcher town. Since the bridge was under renovation half the road was blocked. Thanks to Sandeep's uncle whom we met coming from the other direction and who stopped by to enquire. He responded to our call with some mechanics. We replaced a new battery for the car. Then we visited a mall, had KFC and did some hush hush shopping as we are leaving for Imphal the next day.
Rajeshkumar Nongthombam was the historical intellect in our team. His appealing and curiosity to know the culture and history of Meitei community in this part of Assam made him the most welcomed guest among the locals. After all we share the same culture and tradition as Meiteis. The people had the same feeling of togetherness and belongings as those of the Meiteis in Manipur.
Those warm and pleasant gesture by Sandeep's family was priceless. It melted our hearts. We left for Imphal on the morning of 25th February. Sandeep's father bought us some local fishes caught from the rivers around and gifts from his mother and Anupama. We reach home during the late afternoon. Sorry for Sukumar Sorokhaibam that he had to rely on a very limited types of food as he was on medication for an stomach infection the entire trip. But deserves all the cheers for driving us back safe and sound to our respective homes.
Couldn't be more fun and memorable had not we made a friend and a family like Sandeep's. His straight forward dad we call uncle, his kind hearten mom we call aunty, his sweet wife Anu, his well mannered brothers and the entire Konjengbam family made us felt like home and treated us like their own sons. They were the most special host I ever met. Doubt is will I ever make up with the love and hospitality they showed towards us when they visit us in Manipur.


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Keeping track of the meandering path of reforms in European countries this year can be tough. That's how some bloggers are analysing the lack of clarity surrounding the decisions taken by several eurozone governments. No one denies the need to shake things up, but the majority of commentators criticise the lack of explanations provided by the authorities in big western democracies.
Yet, time is running short because the economic outlook is shrouded in great uncertainty. We won't talk this week about the absence of visibility on the Brexit talks, given that the documents passed back and forth between UK Prime Minister Teresa May and the European Commission are more and more obscure. Admittedly, ignorance is no defence in the eyes of the law, whether in letter or in spirit. But very few of Europe's citizens are capable of understanding what will supposedly govern their daily lives in the months ahead. While some of these reforms are vitally important, anything that is unintelligible or inadequately explained is exhausting people's patience, upsetting public opinion, and stirring up simplistic reactions that will heighten the impact of populism on the democratic voting process.
Take, for example, Laurent Joffrin's editorial in the daily Libération on the situation in Italy. Under the headline "The Buffoons in Rome", Joffrin seeks to compare and contrast the words and actions of the Italian government: "Sleepwalking or sovereignty? For weeks, Italy's leaders have constantly insulted the European Union, which has panned them for not abiding by their budgetary commitments. 'Just wait and see! The Commission can take a running jump because Italy will do whatever it wants with its budget.' But in an antic turnaround worthy of a commedia dell'arte show, the Italian government has just changed its tone: 'Yes, we will negotiate. Yes, we will show financial restraint. Yes, we can postpone some of the appropriations.' And so on, and so forth. So is this yet another manifestation of the Commission's tyranny, forcing people to bow beneath its yoke? Actually, no. True, Brussels did fulminate and brandish the threat of sanctions. But not only were those sanctions mild; they would also have taken a very long time to mature and implement. The Italian government, which had been floundering in the dark, has suddenly run up against harsh reality. The country is heavily indebted and has to regularly seek refinancing from its creditors. Its latest round of sovereign bond issuance – the standard way of plugging gaps in the public finances – was a flop. The interest rates offered to Italy were higher than before but, more importantly, Italian savers (rather than New York traders) have grown reluctant to finance their own government. Hellfire and damnation!".
The situation is reminiscent of what happened in Greece when Alexis Tsipras found himself in the same quandary at the height of the country's debt crisis. Sending Brussels packing would have brought him into direct conflict with international creditors, who were even less obliging that the EU. That's the critical weakness of spendthrift policies: when a country borrows it puts itself in the hands of creditors, who will want their money back.
Joffrin's editorial continues: "The sleepwalker awakens to find himself teetering on the roof-edge. That's how nationalists behave when they come to power: they get elected by vilifying Europe but, once in power, they can't get by without Europe. And that is why Brexit, which has ensnared the UK for the past two years, has not encouraged any of the other European leaders, however populist, to follow suit. For they are well-aware that, to paraphrase Winston Churchill, the EU is the worst of all solutions, except for all the alternatives".
In France, the weekly newsmagazine Le Point has raised a slew of questions touching on President Emmanuel Macron's reforms and methods: "Is Macron the French Margaret Thatcher, or is he on course to emulate [his predecessor] François Holland?" The magazine says that many of the reforms have been set in train but stresses that others are needed , despite the current mood of discontent. What should be done? What can Macron say in order to map out a clear way forward without sparking anxiety?
That the reforms are unfit for purpose is a matter of fact, since Europe's citizens are demanding clear explanations and a collective plan. Another Le Point journalist, Luc de Barochez, writes that "the Franco-German alliance is too timid when it comes to providing answers and explanations about the future of Europe". Faced with inflation, patchy growth and economic warfare, Europe seems to be demanding greater protection and more clarification. That's because people want to understand the present in order to get a better idea about their future. In sum, the spirit behind the reforms is itself in needed of urgent reform!


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Felipe Massa articles archive
2006 Stats Update – Japan
10th October 2006, 20:20 | Written by Keith Collantine
The Japanese Grand Prix changed the complexion of the championships radically. Have a look at who can win what, and how, in our stats update.
Advantage Alonso as Schumacher retires at Suzuka
2006 Japanese Grand Prix review
8th October 2006, 13:50 8th October 2021, 17:21 | Written by Keith Collantine
Fernando Alonso knows that only misfortune is likely to keep him from a second consecutive world championship after winning in Japan.
Prizes for places, not points
7th October 2006, 20:58 20th October 2006, 23:02 | Written by Keith Collantine
Michael Schumacher and Fernando Alonso are tied in the championship battle. But as many are pointing out, Schumacher actually leads the championship as he has seven wins this year to Alonso's six. This is perfectly logical – and it leads to a logical question: Instead of using 'most highest finishes' as a tie-breaker, why not … Continue reading Prizes for places, not points
F1 Stats Update: China
4th October 2006, 18:40 | Written by Keith Collantine
Fernando Alonso and Michael Schumacher are tied at the top of the championship table – but they wouldn't be if the sport were still using the pre-2003 points system. Take a statistical look at the 2006 championship so far in our post-race stats update.
Japanese Grand Prix 2006 preview
3rd October 2006, 21:10 | Written by Keith Collantine
One thing is certain heading into this weekend's Japanese Grand Prix – if it's better than last year's it will be one of the greatest races ever. With the drivers' and constructors' championships almost unbelievably close the tension between the Renault and Ferrari camps is unreal – and it gets exponentially greater with each passing … Continue reading Japanese Grand Prix 2006 preview
Chinese Grand Prix 2006 media review
The championship battle just gets closer – in fact it couldn't be any tighter. Have a look at the highlights from the national newspapers… Tags: f1 / formula one / grand prix / motor sport
Chinese Grand Prix 2006 preview
28th September 2006, 8:10 16th February 2008, 23:05 | Written by Keith Collantine
With Michael Schumacher's retirement confirmed, all eyes turn to the nail-biting championship battle between the Ferrari driver and reigning champion Fernando Alonso. For evidence of that, look no further than this weekend's Chinese Grand Prix, where the Shanghai International Circuit owners have devoted a grandstand each specifically to supporters of Alonso and Schumacher. Schumacher may … Continue reading Chinese Grand Prix 2006 preview
2006 Stats Update: Italy
Have Fernando Alonso and Renault lost their grip on the championships? The statistics of the last few races paint a grim picture as Michael Schumacher has slashed Alonso's lead to a perilous two points, and Ferrari have nosed past Renault in the Constructors' Championship. Take a closer look at the situation with our post-race statistics.
2007: Who goes where part 3
12th September 2006, 21:40 7th February 2007, 13:53 | Written by Keith Collantine
Michael Schumacher's retirement is surely the biggest driver news story of the year. Unless Nigel Mansell is planning another comeback. That leaves only one top seat for 2007 left to be claimed – at McLaren alongside Fernando Alonso. With that in mind, let's see how the teams and drivers for next year line up.
Dubious rule scuppers Alonso
9th September 2006, 21:57 7th February 2007, 14:03 | Written by Keith Collantine
Fernando Alonso has been demoted to tenth on the grid for allegedly impeding Felipe Massa. Alonso was running ahead of Massa in the dying moments of the session. When Alonso crossed the line to start his second flying lap he only had two seconds to spare before the end of qualifying. Massa was completing his … Continue reading Dubious rule scuppers Alonso
Italian Grand Prix 2006 Preview
4th September 2006, 17:03 16th February 2008, 22:51 | Written by Keith Collantine
There are only four rounds left for Michael Schumacher to overhaul Fernando Alonso if he is to win a record eighth drivers title. But the next one, the Italian Grand Prix at Monza, surely offers him the best chance of drastically cutting Alonso's lead. Beating Alonso into second place is no longer enough for Schumacher … Continue reading Italian Grand Prix 2006 Preview
2006 Stats Update: Turkey
2nd September 2006, 17:06 | Written by Keith Collantine
Fernando Alonso may have added to his advantage over Michael Schumacher in Istanbul, but Ferrari are almost level with Renault in the constructors' championship. Let's take a look at how all the drivers and teams are performing statistically.
Turkish Grand Prix 2006 Preview
20th August 2006, 17:05 23rd February 2008, 19:11 | Written by Keith Collantine
The three-week summer break came at a pivotal moment in the 2006 championship. Fernando Alonso was within 19 laps of dealing a major blow to Michael Schumacher's recovery in the title battle at the Hungaroring. But an errant wheel nut – the first mechanical failure in a race for either of the championship protagonists this … Continue reading Turkish Grand Prix 2006 Preview
2006 Stats Update: Hungary
9th August 2006, 21:30 | Written by Keith Collantine
The title contenders tripped over each other allowing some new faces through to claim the big points. Take a look at how that has affected the championship battles.
7th August 2006, 18:12 10th February 2007, 17:47 | Written by Keith Collantine
So Mark Webber will 'return' to Red Bull Racing – the team which, as Jaguar, he departed in 2004. And with Jacques Villeneuve officially out of BMW now is the time to take a second look at how the teams will line up in 2007.
Button achieves his impossible dream
2006 Hungarian Grand Prix Review
6th August 2006, 18:03 26th July 2016, 23:55 | Written by Keith Collantine
The eyes have it. Jenson Button emerged from a chaotic Hungarian Grand Prix to score his first ever win in Formula One in 115 attempts. It was a dramatic, ever-changing race which saw neither Fernando Alonso nor Michael Schumacher advance their championship challenges.
2006 Stats Update: Germany
3rd August 2006, 21:44 3rd August 2006, 21:50 | Written by Keith Collantine
The drivers' and constructors' championships get ever closer. But there are intriguing battles up and down the F1 field this year. Take a closer look at who's beating who in our statistics update. Tags: f1 / formula one / grand prix / motor sport
21st July 2006, 23:07 3rd March 2009, 10:00 | Written by Keith Collantine
With no word still on Michael Schumacher's destination for 2007 paddock speculation is rife. The latest rumour emblazoned across the front of this month's F1 Racing has Schuey in a BMW in 2008 in a deal worth $1bn to the German superstar. Let's take a look at how the grid may line up next year:
Drivers half-season report – Part 2
1st July 2006, 11:27 6th July 2010, 21:38 | Written by Keith Collantine
Nine races into the 2006 season the drivers' championship is looking increasingly one-sided. The second part of our half-season report looks at the drivers who have excelled so far this year – and one or two who may be worried about their prospects of getting a good seat for 2007. Tags f1 / formula one … Continue reading Drivers half-season report – Part 2
Canada: Starts and stops
25th June 2006, 17:53 13th February 2007, 23:25 | Written by Keith Collantine
How the top ten lined up in Canada, how much fuel they were allocated after qualifying part three, and when they made their first stops. Position Driver Lap of first pit stop Fuel allocation (laps) 1 Fernando Alonso 23 16 2 Giancarlo Fisichella 25 (after lap 8 drive-through penalty) 16 3 Kimi Raikkonen 25 15 … Continue reading Canada: Starts and stops
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Find a coterminal angle of the 500° angle with a measure between 0° and 360°. Coterminal angles are angles in standard position that have a common terminal side.... What it means for two angles to be coterminal, and discuss a quick method on how to decide if two angles are in fact coterminal. Examples of finding angles that are coterminal to each other. Examples of finding angles that are coterminal to each other.
Find a coterminal angle of the 500° angle with a measure between 0° and 360°. Coterminal angles are angles in standard position that have a common terminal side.
Coterminal angles of a given angle θ may be obtained by either adding or subtracting a multiple of 360° or 2π radians. Coterminal of θ = θ + 360° × k if θ is given in degrees, Coterminal of θ = θ + 2π × k if θ is given in radians.


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in: Alphas, Adventure Gameplay Elements, Characters
Panda Alpha
Alphas (allies), Pandas (allies), Phantoms (enemies)
" I am Liza, the panda Alpha. I will be your guide as we travel. "
~ Liza introducing herself on The Blue Heron
Liza is the female Alpha of the Pandas and the chief leader of the Alphas. She is an adventurous explorer and normally comes across new lands including Coral Canyons, Mt. Shiveer, and Appondale. She formerly greeted jammers when they first joined Animal Jam, however, it was later updated to Peck. She briefly appears in several adventures, as a major character.
3 Pre-Series
5 Powers/Abilities
Liza is the Panda Alpha who stands upright on her hind legs. She has bright neon purple eyes with long eyelashes. However, the original Liza simply had dark circles for eyes along with pale fur, as well as dark shading around her eyes, and pink squares right beneath them. She has a triangular black nose. Her ears sit on top of her head, with gray swirls in the middle, and almost looks like a part of her hair. Also, three aquamarine earrings dangle from each ear. Her hair is in a long braid that falls down her back. She wears an aquamarine dress with a golden lining, which is connected by lace at the neck. and a jewel-encrusted belt. She wears black gloves and has a golden ribbon tied around her right ankle. She also has a golden toe ring on her right foot. She normally carries a long wooden staff. Over time, Liza went through a make-over. Originally, she was quite bigger and looked older. But today, she is thinner and has a younger-appearance.
" Brave and powerful, Liza is the panda Shaman. She values exploration and intellectual pursuits, and has personally mapped a great majority of Jamaa. She is proud and determined in her manner, and she lets nothing stand in the way of her latest expedition to a far off land. Liza doesn't stand still for long, and never has much time to talk before having to dash off. She created most of the exploration-based challenges in Animal Jam and she presses all animals in the world to document Jamaa. She has a kind, motherly manner about her; very encouraging and very gentle. She believes that anyone can do better, and reach higher. "
~ Shaman Animals Lore
" Liza, the panda Alpha, travels even more than I do! I can't keep up! If it weren't for Liza's maps, I'd be more lost than found! "
~ Arthur, Play Wild's Traveling Salesman
Pre-Series
It is noted by the Animal Jam Insider's Guide that she along with the other six original Alphas (not including Peck), came from Earth. It is most likely that she lived in China, which is the only place where Pandas live in the wild. Liza was probably found by Mira and Zios and was asked to be an Alpha because of her personality and nature. It is noted by the Daily Explorer that she traveled to Jamaa by foot, instead of accepting a ride from Mira.
Return of the Phantoms: Liza's first Adventure appearance is in the Return of the Phantoms. She tells the Player what is going on and then teleports somewhere else. She appears at the end of this Adventure congratulating the Player on saving the Bunnies from the Bunny Burrow.
The Phantom Portal: She appears again in The Phantom Portal and complains about the Phantoms locking up the Monkeys and poisoning the Chomper Plants. She then appears again near the end of the adventure asking the Player to give her the Portal Crystals so she can stop the Phantom King from getting through the portal.
Greely's Inferno: She appears at the end of Greely's Inferno where she admires Greely's bravery of saving Jamaa and congratulating the Player on their help. Liza also seems to be more upset than the other Alphas about Greely's believed death.
The Search For Greely: She appears again in The Search For Greely, where she ambushes Greely along with Cosmo and Graham. She tells the Player to watch out since Greely could turn on any of them. Unlike Cosmo and Graham, Liza seems hurt by Greely's alleged betrayal and doesn't accuse him, nor insult him. When Greely brings up the Phantom beacon she seems horrified and appears to be anxious. After the adventure has ended, if she is spoken to again, she says she hopes Greely is alright.
The Forgotten Desert: Another appearance of hers is in The Forgotten Desert where she asks the Player to find all of the Crystal Shards so the Phantoms in the land can disappear. She gives a hint to the Player that the easiest to find are the Green Shards because they are left lying around.
Bubble Trouble: She is seen at the beginning and end of Bubble Trouble, where she asks the Player to explore underwater and rescue the Dolphins. At the end of this adventure, she finds out about the Phantoms making a factory to either reproduce Phantoms or create weapons to use against Jamaa. She looks utterly terrified and complains about it wildly.
In Too Deep: Liza appears yet in another underwater adventure called In Too Deep where she assigns the Player to explore the Phantom Factory. She appears at the end of this Adventure congratulating the Player and then exclaims in shock about the Player mentioning Tavie. She explains who Tavie is before In Too Deep ends.
Turning The Tide: Liza only appears at the end of this Adventure, where she thanks the Player for rescuing Tavie. Along with this, if spoken to again, she mentions how brave the Player is.
The Trials of Zios: Liza appears at the beginning of the adventure with Sir Gilbert, and gives a player an introduction to the adventure.
The River's Heart: She appears at the end with everyone else.
Powers/Abilities
Teleportation- Liza has the ability to warp from one location from another like the other alphas. When she teleports, a big pink flower wraps around her.
Alpha Staff- Liza uses her alpha staff to fight phantoms. The ability of this staff can be seen in more details in the Animal Jam book series.
During the Beta days and early 2011, there was an interview with Liza called "Liza's Answers" where Jammers were able to send in questions and Liza would answer them.
She is named after Eliza Scidmore, an American writer, photographer and geographer who visited Japan many times. She was the first female board member of the National Geographic Society.
The meaning of "Liza" is another variant of Elizabeth, which comes from the Hebrew origin meaning "oath of God" or "worshipper of God". This name suits her perfectly since she worships the Jamaa gods Mira and Zios.
Although, her name is pronounced as Aliza, which also comes from the Hebrew origin meaning "joy".
She is the most commonly seen Alpha/Shaman in Jamaa.
It was stated that her favorite color is pink on her profile page during the Beta Testing.
She used to introduce new players to the game in older versions of the tutorial.
She was known as Liza, "the curious panda" when she was chosen to be an alpha.
Her ears and hair resemble a typical Chinese hairstyle, buns. This could be a reference to the fact that pandas can be found in China.
There is also a den based on Liza that can be found in the Diamond Shop, called Liza's Garden.
Liza, as she appears in various adventures.
Liza in the 3D Animal Jam trailer
Liza, as she appears when AJ is down for maintenance
Liza, as she appeared in the old introduction for New Jammers.
Liza represented in the Crystal Liza Statue.
Liza appeared in the Jamaa Journal.
A Liza Plushie seen as AJHQ's Snow Fort Den
Liza featured in Animal Jam: Official Insider's Guide
Info about Liza from Alpha Headquarters.
Information about Liza in The Daily Explorer.
Newer Liza artwork
Beta Liza artwork
Another Beta Testing Liza image
Artwork of Liza in The Daily Explorer.
Liza in The Daily Explorer
Adventure Gameplay Elements


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On the Origins of Genius: How Human Consciousness Evolved
The human mind is like a Turing machine, says Daniel Dennett. It's made up of unthinking cogs – but when combined in the right order, their motion gives rise to consciousness.
Daniel Dennett has been mulling consciousness over for the last 50 years, and he's ended up where we began: evolution. When this theory was proposed by Darwin, it inverted everything people at the time held to be true – it revealed that we were not created by intelligent design, but rather we evolved into intelligent designers ourselves. The process of evolution worked mindlessly, producing better and better human prototypes, crafting ever-more complex brains until that rhythmic, algorithmic, repetition birthed consciousness. This is what Dennett refers to as 'competence without comprehension'. Daniel Dennett's most recent book is From Bacteria to Bach and Back: The Evolution of Minds.

Daniel Dennett's most recent book is From Bacteria to Bach and Back: The Evolution of Minds.

Daniel Dennett From Bacteria to Bach and Back evolution consciousness Alan Turing Turing machines computers Darwin human mind intelligence intelligent design videos
Are You a Genius? Depends on Your Gender
A new study from Cornell University shows how metaphors influence our ability to be impressed by genius and uncovers a gender hook – it seems we prefer to conceive of male genius as an exciting idea explosion, and female genius as a long, hard labor of hard work.
Laurie Vazquez
Is genius the result of nurturing an idea, or being struck by one? Well, it depends on your gender.

Genius is a hard concept to pin down. That's why we have to talk about it using metaphors, like "light-bulb moments" and "the fruit of seeds planted in youth." Our metaphors are a bit wonky, but it turns out they imply a whole lot about the validity of genius ideas – and the gender of the person having them.

That's what Cornell University researchers Kristen Elmore and Myra Luna-Lucero just learned from three experiments. They manipulated acts of genius like Alan Turing's creation of his Enigma machine and Hedy Lamarr's discovery of spread spectrum radio waves to be either light bulb moments or the fruit of seeds of effort. The researchers distributed the randomized write-ups to participants and surveyed them about their perception of genius. The results, published in the journal Social Psychological and Personality Science, were surprising.

First, the researchers wrote two descriptions of Alan Turing's creation of the code-breaking Enigma machine – one as a "light bulb" moment of sudden inspiration, and one as the "fruit" of effort over time. They randomly assigned those descriptions to 395 participants and asked them how that moment of genius defined Turing. The light-bulb metaphor led participants to think of Turing's invention as exceptional. The seed metaphor did not:

Credit: Social Psychological and Personality Science

"This effect emerged even though all participants read about the same idea," the authors emphasize in the study. "The seed metaphor may rely more on existing beliefs about effort in order to frame an idea as exceptional, whereas the light bulb metaphor may be so frequently evoked and familiar that it exerts influence regardless of more stable beliefs about whether ideas originate from inspiration." That means that the light bulb comparison made Turing's invention seem unattainable for anyone except a genius -- especially normal, hard-working people (which, given that Turing actually created the Enigma machine through long, hard work, is problematic).

Next, the researchers assigned 393 participants general statements about what the average man or woman was best at. After calculating the survey, they found that "women were more likely than men to endorse women as superior idea creators," especially if those female participants had positive exposure to the seed metaphor. Then they surveyed 426 participants about the creation of spread spectrum radio waves, manipulating the gender of the inventor (Hedy Lamarr vs George Antheil, both of whom created the technology) and the light bulb vs seed comparison. They found that people were less likely to consider the invention an act of genius if Lamarr had created it in a light bulb moment – yet, were more receptive to it being the fruit of a seed. Participants were more likely to consider Antheil a genius when the invention was described as a light-bulb moment.

Credit: Social Psychological and Personality Science

Overall, the researchers found that "the seed metaphor is more compatible with and inclusive of women's accomplishments… [and] possibly incongruent with the stereotype of male inventors." They posit that difference as a semantic one in the study: "Language connecting innovation to stereotypically feminine traits like nurturance may bring to mind pathways to success and genius that challenge typical understandings of genius as innate."

That's particularly troubling given how women view their own intelligence, according to the study authors. "Women in male-dominated fields are more likely to misinterpret their effort as a sign that they do not belong and, thus, benefit in particular from portrayals of effort as normal for success."

Compared to common findings on genius, that's a striking thought. "Although certain individuals may be widely accepted as geniuses, there cannot be a consensus on exactly who is, and is not, a genius," explains Psychology Today. One thing we know for certain is that genius is more about analytical reasoning skills and pattern thinking than light-bulb moments. And genius isn't limited to only one kind of intelligence, either, as developmental psychologist Howard Gardner told us:

Howard Gardner Hedy Lamarr genius George Antheil Alan Turing Enigma Cornell University semantics gender metaphor discovery invention men vs women