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chamomile health benefits
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chamomile health benefits The new architecture also means the pages on the content rich site now load in milliseconds, ensuring that potential customers visiting the site are engaged for long enough to register their interest. The whiskey was inspired by masters and apprentices working together at the new Midleton micro-distillery, one of the oldest and most iconic distilleries in the world. The brand combines tradition and innovation to convey a sense of fun and excitement. It uses two opposing patterns throughout the packaging. The straight lines symbolise method and order and the stunning marbled patterns reference madness and liquid experimentation. Offering exceptional thermal efficiency, build quality, and desirable minimalist aesthetics, Üni_Slide can achieve frame sightlines as slim as 20mm, and a slim central interlock, while being able to support sliding panels of up to 3m high and 2.2m wide. The product can be assembled in a limitless run of units, with each panel capable of holding up to 320kg of glass. Awarded a UK patent, Senior's PURe® range of energy-efficient aluminium windows and doors is the first on the UK market to benefit from an enhanced thermal barrier manufactured from expanded polyurethane foam (PUR). Traditionally used in cladding and insulation products, the innovative use of PUR as a thermal barrier in windows and doors gives the PURe ® range the potential to achieve U-values as low as 0.71W/m2 K when calculated as a commercial CEN standard window and 0.93W/m2 K when calculated as a CEN standard door. Founded in 2006, Fenster is one of the West Country's leading aluminium suppliers. In addition to offering the full range of products from Smarts, the company also manufactures Üni_Slide, an ultra-slim aluminium sliding door, equally suited to commercial and residential applications. Torquay's Fenster Fabrications is set to feature in an upcoming episode of ITV 1's hit home improvement show Love Your Home and Garden.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


The Looney by Spike Milligan.
I made the mistake of reading this paperback on the train going to work many years back, there are so many side-splitting paragraphs that I started to snigger and couldn't stop giggling whilst other passengers gave me strange looks.
and the doctor grabs the blokes balls and says turn your head and cough and he thought he said off.


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©foto1-Paco-Escolas-II-Francois-Fernandes-4
Map of our Members
List of our Members
Ukraine Emergency Response
Policy Seminars
Poitiers Declaration
Scholarships / Competitions
Coimbra Group Scholarship Programme
CG 3-Minute-Thesis competition
Arenberg-CG Prize
Seminars, Workshops & Staff training
CG position paper on U-Multirank today
The CG has published a position paper on the current state of U-Multirank.
Executive Summary. Among the ever growing supply of commercial benchmark tools and league tables of higher education institutions, U-Multirank is conceptually superior in its efforts to compare alike with alike, in its broad set of indicators and its possibility to compare at both institution and subject level, based on any combination of indicators preferred by the user. In its implementation, however, present-day U-Multirank suffers from severe weaknesses, which prevent many institutions from participating or leave the participating institutions disappointed with the outcome. The strongest criticism concerns U-Multirank's indicators, which remain weak proxies of quality for valid international comparison of institutions and the unfortunate fact that the present results are based on unverifiable data provided by the institutions themselves and on imprecise definitions that do not take national differences sufficiently into account and/or could be read differently in different national and sometimes even institutional contexts. It is therefore suggested, in particular to the sponsoring European Commission, to invest European taxpayers' money in the years to come in the development of a high-quality and publicly accessible database of relevant basic data that can be used for meaningful benchmarking of higher education institutions.
U-Multirank today
CG Statement on the Modernisation Agenda for Higher Education
The Coimbra Group has published its Statement in response to the open consultation on the Modernisation Agenda for Higher Education conducted by the European Commission's Directorate-General Education and Culture.
The Statement addresses the three proposed priorities put forward by the European Commission:
1. Promoting relevant teaching and learning
2. Helping universities to become strong regional innovators
3. Ensuring education and research functions are mutually reinforcing.
CG position on Erasmus+
The Coimbra Group has published its Position Paper on the Erasmus+ Programme, applauding the European Commission for the increased funding for the education, youth and sport programme at a time when in many national contexts education budgets are suffering severe cutbacks. The Erasmus+ Programme brings the promise of innovation, simplification and greater flexibility compared to previous mobility and cooperation programmes for higher education, a promise which the Coimbra Group welcomes. It further offers an important opportunity for promoting more international cooperation beyond the borders of the European Union. Nonetheless, the Coimbra Group is concerned
– that the programme's overall approach moves away from the essential original underlying aims of the first Erasmus Programme and subsequent EU programmes, which met the needs and expectations of universities and other stakeholders and were, therefore, highly successful;
– that it will fall short of responding to the full potential of actions with partner countries;
– that it overemphasizes short term employment objectives which distort the overall higher education missions and timescales;
– that it dilutes the essential European character of previous programmes in favour of the national level;
– and that it runs a serious risk of granting greater importance to form than to substance.
Coimbra Group Executive Board, May 2014
Erasmus+ Position Paper
CG position on Horizon 2020
The Coimbra Group has published its comments on the Horizon 2020 proposal from the European Commission. The Coimbra Group welcomes Horizon 2020 because of its determination to strengthen the emphasis on research excellence, its support to open, basic research and the ambition to increase European and cross-sectoral research collaboration.
The policy paper also contains the concerns of the Coimbra Group, in many cases serious concerns, in particular of the negative funding trend regarding the future Marie Skłodowska Curie actions and the virtual absence, yet again, of the social sciences and humanities in most of the defined societal challenges. The member universities of the Coimbra Group put a strong emphasis on fundamental and blue sky research and see the Humanities and Social Sciences as equal and integral parts not only of their teaching and research portfolio, but also of their contribution to society and economic development.
With its particular awareness of regional differences and the varying impact of economic and financial instability on different higher education and research systems the Coimbra Group has also expressed its concern that the progress of the past decade and a half of creating a strong and cohesive ERA may be undermined in the present crisis and that this is not sufficiently taken into consideration.
This means that, unfortunately, comments earlier published by the Coimbra Group on the European Commission's Green Paper From Challenges to Opportunities and in connection with the ERA consultation can only be repeated: "The Coimbra Group concludes that it has been a source of considerable concern that the complexity of innovation is underestimated and along with this the vital role and creativity of university research and the diversity of research disciplines. This has given rise to the concern that a future Common Strategic Framework might neglect the fundamental role in any innovation strategy of basic research, of the cross-feeding of ideas and knowledge through increased mobility of researchers, of the need to foster spaces for researchers to meet, exchange ideas and promote entrepreneurship".
Coimbra Group position on Horizon 2020
e-Learning at the Coimbra Group Universities
The e-Learning Task Force of the Coimbra Group has produced a document on the current state of play on learning technologies and related practices at the different institutions of the Task Force.
This brief focuses on the current knowledge and experience regarding the good use of educational technology at our institutions and describes what it is, why it matters, how it works and where it is going.
The document can be used:
To open a dialogue with senior administrators about learning technologies and their implications for your institution
To enhance faculty development activities
To stay up-to-date on the use of technology in your educational policies
CG ERA Consultation Response
The European Commission published an on-line consultation on the ERA Framework: "Areas of untapped potential for the development of the European Research Area (ERA)" in September this year with a response deadline on 30 November 2011. The Coimbra Group response concentrated on three major issues, the training of doctoral candidates, the concept of mobility and the absence of the humanities and social sciences in the consultation document.
CG Position Paper on the European Commission's Green Paper "From Challenges to Opportunities: Towards a Common Strategic Framework for EU Research and Innovation Funding"
On 19 May 2011 the Coimbra Group Position Paper on the European Commission's Green Paper, "From Challenges to Opportunities: Towards a Common Strategic Framework for EU Research and Innovation Funding" was submitted to the Commission.
The Position Paper was prepared by an expert group, chaired by Prof. A. Manthos, and the DSR TF Chair, Prof. Johnny Laursen, and DSR TF member, Prof. Maria Cunha participated together with the Culture, Arts and Humanities Task Force Chair, Prof. Jürgen Barkhoff. The Executive Board discussed the paper on 4 May and decided to forward the document to the Rectors' Advisory Group and the members of the DSR TF for comments.
The Coimbra Group concludes that "it has been a source of considerable concern to the Coimbra Group that the complexity of innovation is underestimated and along with this the vital role and creativity of university research and their diversity of research disciplines.
This has given rise to the concern that a future Common Strategic Framework might neglect the fundamental role in any innovation strategy of basic research, of the cross-feeding of ideas and knowledge through increased mobility of researchers, of the need to foster spaces for researchers to meet, exchange ideas and promote entrepreneurship."
CG Position Paper
Coimbra Group Response to the Green Paper on Learning Mobility for Young People of the European Commission
The Executive Board of the Coimbra Group has prepared a response to the European Comission's Green Paper in consultation with the Task Force on Education, Training and Mobility and the Rectors' Advisory Group.
The response stresses the need to focus on quality mobility, on content-related definitions of mobility and on mobility of students, doctoral candidates as well as academic and administrative staff in universities.
Coimbra Group comments to the European Commission's Green Paper on Learning Mobility of Young People
The Coimbra Group and European Higher Education after Bologna 2010- Position Paper
The Coimbra Group Universities have enthusiastically embraced the Bologna Process, as they appreciated the added value of increased transnational transparency. With the present position paper they point towards a number of critical issues that need follow-up in the years to come.
They recommend a shift in attention from structures to contents, and encourage the Ministers of Education to take concrete measures to ensure that the degrees within the Bologna structure are based on internationally comparable learning outcomes. Alternative learning paths have to lead to certificates with titles that differ from those of the standard Bologna degrees.
Moreover they recommend that more transparency is introduced in institutional diversity, genuine support to mobility and permanent attention to the societal role of universities. They are confident that internationally attractive and competitive universities will emerge from the present process, ready to face the challenges of a globalising world.
Coimbra Group Response to the Commission's Green Paper: "The European Research Area: New Perspective"
The Coimbra Group response to the Commission's Green Paper on the European Research Area (AREA) focuses on thematic and systemic issues of importance to the CG Universities and their active contribution to an ERA, in particular.
CGResponse-Green Paper
CGResponse-GreenPaper-ANNEX
Coimbra Group – Doctoral Programmes Position Paper
On 19 January 2007, the Executive Board of the Coimbra Group approved the attached Position Paper on Doctoral Programmes submitted by the Task Force on Doctoral Studies and Research, "The Place and Role of Doctoral Programmes in the Bologna Process". The approval by the Executive Board followed a discussion with the Rectors' Advisory Board at their meeting in Brussels on 19 January.
The decision to present the views of the Coimbra Group Universities on doctoral programmes was taken at the Coimbra Group General Assembly in Tartu in 2006, and doctoral programmes will also be the main theme at the forthcoming Annual Conference of the Coimbra Group in Turku on 30 May to 1 June this year. To the thirty-seven long-established, multidisciplinary European universities that constitute the Coimbra Group the doctoral degree represents the ultimate expression of the inseparable link between the European Higher Education Area and the European Research Area.
As research universities of a high standing at national and international levels, the Coimbra Universities perceive the researchers who leave our universities with a doctoral degree as one of the most important contributions we can provide to innovation and development.
This is the background for the attached Position Paper, which has been prepared as the Coimbra Group contribution to the meeting of Ministers of Education in London in May this year within the framework of the Bologna Process.
The Coimbra Group Universities underline the specificity of the doctoral level as research training and encourage the Education and Research Ministers to acknowledge the definition of quality outcome at the doctoral level by the degree-awarding universities.
The full text or parts of it can be quoted freely with due reference to the origin of the quotes.
Doctoral Programmes Position Paper
Contribution from the Coimbra Group Universities to the discussion on the European Institute of Technology
"Whilst applauding the motives that lie behind the proposal for a European Institute of Technology (EIT), the Coimbra Group is concerned that the objectives for an EIT have not been clearly articulated, and that the processes that have so far been suggested are not designed to maximise the benefits that might flow from it, and might fundamentally undermine it."
GA2006-EIT Document
GA2006-Tartu Statement


TORONTO, ON – Day Two of Toronto Fashion Week® x RE\SET™ saw some of the nation's top designers showcase their latest FW2019 collections at the Fashion Environment and Gardiner Museum.
Montreal-based ELAMA x The House of Brand owned the runway at Style Night and showcased some of its distinct designs, blending modern elegance with irresistible vintage flair, styled by Sammie the Stylist. Bringing in the hottest drag queens from RuPaul's Drag Race, Kimora Blac and Gia Gunn, closed out the presentation wearing the ELAMA Bubble Vest, Emma Headband and The House of Brand Gucci accessories. All designs featured on the runway are available at the ELAMA x The House of Brand pop-up at Yorkville Village until end of February (55 Avenue Rd., second level).
Fashion Talks™ host, Donna Bishop kicked off the evening with internationally-acclaimed designer David Dixon who spoke to guests about his latest collection Bübl x DAVID DIXON and its unique source of inspiration, bringing awareness to the two million Canadians suffering from osteoporosis.
Following the intimate discussion, Thomas Bàlint showcased his latest collection in the Fashion Environment. Guests were then invited to the Gardiner Museum to take in the rest of the designer presentations. With an entirely Indigenous cast, Lesley Hampton's collection explored indigeneity and identity. Zoran Dobric and Pedram Karimi + Process Visual + One Undone sent models down the run with their latest pieces, while ROCK 'N KARMA ended off the night with a live rock n' roll performance and edgy collection.
The Toronto Fashion Week® x RE\SET™ Showroom continued today in the Fashion Environment (136 Yorkville Ave.). Open from 11 AM – 10 PM daily, the public and event guests can meet and shop directly from designers including Hilary MacMillan, Jessica Bedard, Lesley Hampton, Pedram Karimi & Process Visuals and more.
In partnership with Winterlicious, STYLE PLATE returned, hosting a panel discussion atThe Hazelton Hotel. Style Plate: Food – The New Fashion saw Chef Mark McEwenand Toronto Life magazine publisher Ken Hunt explore the synergies between food and fashion, style and creativity.
Toronto Fashion Week®, an event showcasing fashion, art, music and culture takes place in Yorkville, Toronto's revitalized and most prestigious luxury retail neighbourhood. The bi-annual event hosts national and international designers, entertainers and the fashion community to create a touchpoint where fashion is embraced and celebrated. As the leading fashion event in Canada, Toronto Fashion Week creates a catalyst for media engagement, retail activity and global connectivity.


Typical of serials, To Have and to Hold is a novel rich in incident. Its fictional hero, Captain Ralph Percy, is one of the original settlers at Jamestown and a survivor of the Starving Time. His cousin, George Percy, led the colony during that deadly winter of 1609–1610, but bears scant mention in the novel. Instead, the action opens several years later, in 1621, when a shipload of women has arrived in the colony, available to be purchased as wives for 120 pounds of tobacco. On the suggestion of his friend John Rolfe, Percy decides to purchase a "maid." After saving a woman from harassing suitors, he discovers she is not, in fact, the penniless Puritan she had claimed to be. He marries her anyway, and soon learns more: she is Lady Jocelyn Leigh, ward of the king and the promised bride of Lord Carnal. Rather than marry him, she has fled to Virginia.
Johnston, writing from Percy's point of view, portrays Jocelyn in epic terms: "As I gazed with all my eyes, I found more than grace and beauty in that wonderful face,—found pride, wit, fire, determination, finally shame and anger." Lord Carnal, as his name unsubtly suggests, represents a threatening and dishonorable sexuality: "The bravado with which he spoke, the insolence of his bold glance and curled lip, the arrogance with which he flaunted that King's favor which should be a brand more infamous than the hangman's, his beauty, the pomp of his dress,—all were alike hateful."
Percy and Lord Carnal agree to duel to the death, but are stopped by order of the deputy governor, George Yeardley, who has sought advice from the Virginia Company of London on whether the "king's favorite" has the right to summarily remove two colonists. Weeks later, after Lord Carnal attempts to poison his rival and Percy narrowly thwarts an attack by the Paspahegh Indians, word arrives that Lord Carnal is in the right. Percy flees, along with his trusty mate, the minister Jeremy Sparrow; Lady Jocelyn; his former indentured servant, Diccon; and Lord Carnal, whom they have taken prisoner.
In an unlikely twist, and only after surviving a shipwreck, the group joins a band of pirates, and Percy becomes their captain. They raid Spanish shipping in the Caribbean until they are captured by a Virginia Company ship. A trial at sea convinces the Englishmen of Percy's virtue, but when they return to Jamestown, Percy is tricked and captured again by Lord Carnal, who this time has sought allies among the Paspaheghs. Percy has long fought the Indians and finds them, and their paramount chief, Opechancanough, to be deceitful in their dealings with the English. When Sparrow describes Opechancanough's features as being "of a nobler cast," Percy replies: "And his heart is of a darker … It is a strange and subtle savage."
Sparrow argues that the Indians are sincere, that they do not, as Percy insists, wear a "mask." "Believe it or not, it is so," Percy warns his friend. "That dark, cold, still face is a mask, and that simple-seeming amazement at horses and armor, guns and blue beads, is a mask. It is in my mind that some fair day, the mask will be dropped."
In a flourish of action, Percy, with the help of Pocahontas's brother Nantauquas and his pet panther, escapes the clutches of Lord Carnal. Percy then meets Opechancanough, who promises fidelity but secretly plans violence. Even Nantauquas turns on the Englishmen, telling Percy, "This is the red man's land … When you first came we thought you were gods; but you have not done like the great white God who, you say, loves you so. You are wiser and stronger than we, but your strength and wisdom help us not: they press us down from men to children; they are weights upon the head and shoulders of a babe to keep him under stature."
Percy is able to warn the colonists at Jamestown in time to repel Opechancanough's attack, and he eventually reunites with Jocelyn, who proclaims, "My head may lie upon thy breast, but my heart lies at thy feet."
In a review of To Have and to Hold that ran in its April 1900 issue, the Virginia Magazine of History and Biography praised Johnston's command of her subject matter: "There are chapters in her book which would form admirable school reading for classes in Virginia history." Indeed, Johnston's novel, as with her debut, Prisoners of Hope (1898), suggests a deep reading of the colony's early history.
In addition to Rolfe and Opechancanough, many historical figures, not all of them well known, are referenced by the novel: Sir Edwin Sandys, treasurer of the Virginia Company; his brother, George Sandys; John Pory, the colony's secretary; William Peirce (spelled Pierce in Johnston's book), who met the first ships containing Africans in 1619; Governor Sir Francis Wyatt; Sir Thomas Dale, whose strict Lawes Divine Morall and Martiall (1612) are fondly recalled by Percy; the "fierce, unscrupulous" Samuel Argall; John Smith, who "ever held the savages … in a most deep distrust"; Pocahontas, with "her wistful eyes and braided hair and finger on her lips"; and her father, the "wise" Powhatan, embittered by being made to kneel by Englishmen.
Women did arrive by the boatload in Virginia—the Virginia Company sent ninety in 1620 and fifty-seven in 1621—and were sold as wives for 120 pounds of tobacco, or six times the cost of a male indentured servant. After marriage, they most often worked in the fields alongside their husbands, white and black indentured servants, and slaves. In the novel, Percy owns an enslaved woman named Angela, and, indeed, the colony's 1624 muster lists a woman named Angelo (sometimes Angela) belonging to William Peirce. She was said to have arrived with the first Africans in 1619. Johnston portrays her as speaking in a soft "half English, half Spanish," a nod, perhaps, to the fact that many of these first African slaves were Christians who had at least partially assimilated to European culture.
Johnston's account of early Jamestown overplays the period's romance and underplays the colonists' sheer struggle to survive. (Between 1619 and 1621, 3,000 of the 4,270 English colonists died, mostly of disease. Only 347 died in Opechancanough's attack.) And while the author pays attention to the details of Virginia Indian culture—for instance, referencing the god Okee, who "brooded over this place, and he might be angry"—she nevertheless stereotypes the Indians as deceitful and barbarous. Her characterization of Opechancanough takes its tone from Edward Waterhouse's official report of the 1622 attack, which describes the Indian leader and his warriors as "treacherous," "divellish," and "perfidious and inhumane."A brief mention of the baptized Indian Chanco, or Chauco, who warned the Jamestown settlers of Opechancanough's attack, implies that, from the novel's point of view, Indians can only be trusted once they have accepted Christianity.
For these reasons, many historians in the twenty-first century might find troubling the claim, made in a biographical sketch of Johnston published in 1942, that "a whole generation formed its picture of the early days in Virginia" from To Have and to Hold.
Upon its release in March 1900, Johnston's novel was praised by critics and the reading public alike. The Atlantic Monthly had published the adventures of Ralph Percy and Lady Jocelyn as a serial from June 1899 until March 1900, to much excitement; the book sold 111,000 copies during its first three weeks in stores. The New York Times wrote that the novel "justifies the most favorable expectation," especially in Johnston's "repeated choice of the better part of fiction, that of describing real men and women, not puppets." The Times also noted the tale's "wonderful pirate episode." The Virginia Magazine of History and Biography called To Have and to Hold "the most stirring and interesting Virginia historical novel ever written," but complained, "the buccaneer episode is out of place and rather disfigures the book."
The Chicago Tribune wrote that the purchase of wives "is scarcely a theme for idyllic treatment, yet Miss Johnston has made these opening incidents of her story both delightfully human and irresistibly interesting." While complimenting the author's "grace of style," the Tribune noted that Johnston "has little humor and she has not yet learned the novelist's power of concentrating different lines of action upon a dramatic climax."
Few twenty-first-century critics study Johnston's writing; among those who do, C. Ronald Cella finds that To Have and to Hold is not among her best novels. In contrast to the New York Times, he argues that her characters are puppets, "the typical idealizations of the Romance of Adventure, but without the depth of analysis or complexity of romance at its best." In fact, he notes that Johnston referred to them in her private writing as "puppets," explaining that in To Have and to Hold she prioritized the evocation of time and place more than character development. And while Johnston does not tackle difficult moral or political issues, Cella writes that that the novel's many and often-improbable incidents cohere around "the larger issue of the survival of the colony."
Regardless of its merits as literature, To Have and to Hold was a popular sensation. The poet Wallace Stevens admitted in a letter to his future wife of staying up to read the book "until half-past three in the morning." Journalists and readers debated the locations of sites associated with the book. Fawning profiles appeared in the Times and the Washington Post, although Johnston, who was shy, refused to speak on the record to reporters. In June 1900, the Post published a note on how the book, after just six months, had become ensconced in the popular culture. Its title, for instance, was regularly referenced by cartoonists and advertising copywriters. According to the paper, "It is related that a child entered the Providence Library a few days ago and asked for a book for her mother, preferably 'that novel of Mary Johnston's called 'To Get and to Keep.'"
The New York Times printed a letter, also in June, suggesting an unseemly similarity between To Have and to Hold and another historical romance of Virginia, The Head of a Hundred (1897) by Maud Wilder Goodwin; in a letter to her publisher, Johnston denied she had borrowed her plot from Goodwin. In 1901, E. F. Boddington adapted Johnston's novel into a poorly received play of the same name, directed by Charles Frohman. Two silent films followed: one released in 1916, starring Wallace Reid and Mae Murray, and directed by George Melford; and one released in 1922, starring Bert Lytell and Betty Compson, and directed by George Fitzmaurice. A third film version, shot in Virginia and the Cayman Islands, was produced in 2012 but never released.
Johnston, meanwhile, earned nearly $50,000 in sales of To Have and to Hold during its first year of publication and more than $70,000 total. She used these profits to fund her writing career, building an estate in Bath County and writing twenty-one more novels. Although several of them, even according to modern-day critics, were quite good, none approached the success of To Have and to Hold.
Johnston, Mary. To Have and to Hold. Boston, Massachusetts: Houghton, Mifflin and Company, 1900.
Wolfe, B. To Have and to Hold (1900). (2018, September 21). In Encyclopedia Virginia. Retrieved from http://www.EncyclopediaVirginia.org/Hold_To_Have_and_to_1900.
Wolfe, Brendan. "To Have and to Hold (1900)." Encyclopedia Virginia. Virginia Foundation for the Humanities, 21 Sep. 2018. Web. READ_DATE.


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Culture plays a significant role in consumer behavior. It influences everything from how people consume products to the way they look. Creating marketing campaigns that take into account these differences will help your business to succeed.
To begin with, different cultures have their own unique customs and rituals. This includes everything from the number 7 being good luck in the Czech Republic to eating dinner at the end of the day in Ireland.
Another important example is the way language is used to communicate. People in countries like Italy and France tend to eat a lot more packaged pasta and chocolate bars than their American counterparts.
Similarly, different languages can also lead to different marketing messages and branding issues. For example, an American company might create a slogan promoting its latest product. However, if this slogan is translated into a different language, it can lose its original meaning.
Some other aspects that can affect a marketer's message include business norms, color, and aesthetics. The most important thing to remember when marketing to a foreign country is to understand their culture.
Other cultural differences include religion. Different religions have different beliefs and attitudes about marketing and business. Therefore, it is important to understand how religion impacts how a marketer communicates.
Similarly, different cultures have different attitudes about clothing. Women in many Middle Eastern and Muslim nations are required to wear modest clothing. Likewise, an evening meal in the United States is called dinner, while a similar dinner in Ireland is called tea.
The Prime Minister of Pakistan has said the "magnitude of the calamity" is bigger than expected, after visiting flood-hit areas.
Shehbaz Sharif was speaking from Sindh province – which has had nearly eight times its average August rainfall.
The floods have killed nearly 1,000 people across Pakistan since June, while thousands have been displaced – and millions more affected.
As the BBC drove through Sindh, there were displaced people in every village.
The full scale of the devastation in the province is yet to be fully understood – but the people described it as the worst disaster they've survived.
Floods are not uncommon in Pakistan, but people here said these rains were different – more than anything that's ever been seen. One local official called them "floods of biblical proportions".
Near the city of Larkana, thousands of mud homes have sunk under water. For miles all that's visible is treetops. Where the water level is slightly lower, thatched roofs creep out from underneath the water.
In one village, the people are desperate for food. In another, many children have developed waterborne diseases.
When a mobile truck pulled over, scores of people immediately ran towards it. Children carrying other children made their way to the long queue.
One 12-year-old girl said she and her baby sister had not eaten for a day.
"No food has come here, but my sister is sick, she has been vomiting," the girl said. "I hope they can help."
The desperation was evident in every community. People ran towards car windows to ask for help – anything.
On one of the main streets out of the city of Sukkur, hundreds of people have settled.
Many of them walked from remote villages, and were told that help is easier to get in the urban areas. But there's not much difference here.
On Friday, PM Sharif said 33 million people had been hit by the floods – about 15% of the country's population.
He said the losses caused by floods this season were comparable to those during the floods of 2010-11, said to be the worst on record. The country has appealed for more international aid.
In Sindh, it's not that local authorities are not trying, but they admit that they are out of their depth.
The provincial government says this is a "climate change catastrophe" and that the people of Pakistan, especially in the poorer communities, have been the worst affected.
The solutions will not be quick – acres of land are waterlogged and the water is not receding fast enough for any rebuilding to take place here.
There's not much to do for the people but to wait – wait for the rains to stop, wait for the water to go down, wait for more resources to be allocated to these kinds of communities.
In the meantime, life continues to be difficult.
Read from: https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-62699886
The military in Burkina Faso says it has seized power and overthrown President Roch Kaboré.
The announcement was made on state television by an army officer, who cited the deteriorating security situation for the military takeover.
Mr Kaboré had faced growing discontent over his failure to stem an Islamist insurgency.
His whereabouts are unclear, but the officer said that all those detained were in a secure location.
The coup comes a day after troops seized barracks, and gunshots were heard in the capital, Ouagadougou.
Earlier, the ruling People's Movement for Progress (PMP) party said that both Mr Kaboré and a government minister had survived an assassination attempt.
On Sunday, mutinying troops demanded the sacking of military chiefs and more resources to fight militants linked to the Islamic State (IS) group and al-Qaeda.
The army statement said Mr Kaboré had failed to unite the nation and to deal effectively with the security crisis which "threatens the very foundations of our nation".
The statement was issued in the name of a group not heard of previously, the Patriotic Movement for Safeguard and Restoration or MPSR, its French acronym.
Although read out by another officer, the statement was signed by Lt-Col Paul-Henri Sandaogo Damiba, who is believed to be the coup leader and a senior commander with years of experience fighting the Islamist militants.
The statement said that parliament and the government had been dissolved, and the constitution suspended, but promised a "return to constitutional order" within a "reasonable time".
The military also announced the closure of Burkina Faso's borders.
UN chief António Guterres condemned the coup and called on the military to "ensure the protection and the physical integrity" of Mr Kaboré.
The African Union and regional bloc, Ecowas, have also condemned the forceful takeover of power, with Ecowas saying it holds the soldiers responsible for the deposed president's well-being.
Earlier, the news of his detention was received with cheers and celebrations in Ouagadougou, reports the BBC's senior Africa correspondent Anne Soy.
Earlier video footage from the capital appeared to show armoured vehicles – reportedly used by the presidency – peppered with bullet holes and abandoned in the street.
Mobile internet services have been disrupted, though fixed-line internet and domestic wi-fi are working.
Mr Kaboré has not been seen in public since the crisis began, but two posts appeared on his Twitter account before the officer announced he had been toppled.
The later one called on those who had taken up arms to lay them down "in the higher interest of the nation". Earlier, Mr Kaboré congratulated the national football team on their win in an Africa Cup of Nations match.
It is unclear who posted the tweets.
Some security sources say the president and other government ministers are being held at the Sangoulé Lamizana barracks in the capital.
On Sunday, hundreds of people came out in support of the soldiers and some of them set fire to the ruling party's headquarters.
The coup comes a week after 11 soldiers were arrested for allegedly plotting to overthrow Mr Kaboré.
But discontent has been growing in Burkina Faso over the government's failure to defeat an Islamist insurgency in the country since 2015.
That escalated in November, when 53 people, mainly members of the security forces, were killed by suspected jihadists. And on Saturday, a banned rally to protest against the government's perceived failure led to dozens of arrests.
Mutinying soldiers made several demands, including: the removal of the army's chief of staff and the head of the intelligence service; more troops to be deployed to the front line; and better conditions for the wounded and soldiers' families.
Similar troubles in neighbouring Mali led to a military coup in May 2021 – one that was broadly welcomed by the public.
Burkina Faso is now the third West African country to witness a military takeover in recent years. Guinea and Mali have had sanctions imposed on them by Ecowas to press them to return to constitutional order.
India has begun giving booster doses of the Covid-19 vaccine to priority groups amid a surge in infections.
Health and frontline workers and people above 60 years old with comorbidities are currently eligible to take the jab.
The drive began as India battles a spike in Covid cases fuelled by the Omicron variant of the coronavirus.
Early studies from other countries have suggested that a booster vaccine may provide more protection against Omicron.
The highly transmissive Omicron variant was first discovered in South Africa in November.
Since then, several countries have expanded their booster programmes or shortened the gap between jabs to shore up protection against the variant.
In India, the booster shot – dubbed a "precaution dose" by Prime Minister Narendra Modi – will be the same vaccine that was given to a person for their first and second doses.
India has been mainly administering two locally-manufactured vaccines, Covishield and Covaxin, since its vaccination drive began in January 2021.
On Sunday, India reported more than 179,000 new infections for the past 24 hours, driven by a steep rise in cases in big cities such as the national capital Delhi and financial centre Mumbai.
On the same day, Mr Modi chaired a review meeting with top officials, and asked for "technical support" to be provided to states reporting more cases.
The government had begun administering vaccines to 15-18-year-olds last week – it has said that 31% of Indians in this age group have been given the first dose so far.
More than 91% adults have been partially vaccinated so far, while 66% have received both doses.
But experts say that still leaves millions of unvaccinated people – many with underlying health problems that could increase the severity of the infection – at risk.
The spread of Omicron has also increased worries – India has confirmed a total of 4,003 cases of Omicron, with Maharashtra state reporting the highest (1,126), followed by Rajasthan (529) and Delhi (513).
The country has so far recorded more than 35 million Covid cases and about 483,000 deaths from the virus.
Last year, a devastating second wave overwhelmed the country's health system, leading to a shortage in oxygen, hospital beds and critical drugs.


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text:
Don Reed Simmons
Visionary Mystic
Sacred Sound Ministry
AMI Therapeutic Practice
Addiction and Depression
Trusted Tribe Membership
The Mindful Society
Work with Don
Best Damn Psychic
Design Hypnosis
About Don Reed Simmons
Sound Therapy for Addiction and Depression
Sound Therapy is rapidly becoming one of the most sought after methods of stress reduction leading to a more effective way of processing negative emotions and habits.
Sound moves in "wave" like patterns and can penetrate the human body, deep into the muscles, bones and organs. Sound also can reach into the unconscious mind facilitating a recognition of harmony and disharmony. Under the direction of a skilled Sound Therapist, these sound patterns create an Acoustic Landscape allowing the participant to discover, for themselves, a method by which peace can be attained.
"The fundamental principle of Energy Medicine is that an underlying energy field generates physical, emotional, and mental behaviors or symptoms. If we change the energy field, the physical, emotional, and mental behaviors will also change."
~ Dr. John Beaulieu, ND, PhD
Science has shown us the body and all it's many parts emanates a frequency and vibration, a subtle sound if you will. (read article HERE) When Sound is introduced to the body, either through hearing or physically on the body, then there becomes a "resonate behavior" whereby the sound of the instrument, like a Himalayan Bowl, gong or tuning fork meets the sound of the body and a communication begins.
"Rhythm and harmony find their way into the inward places of the soul."
~ Plato
"Sound can redress imbalances on every level of physiologic functioning and can play a positive role in the treatment of virtually any medical disorder."
~ Dr. Mitchell Gaynor,
former director of Medical
Oncology and Integrative
Medicine at the Cornell
Cancer Prevention Center
As the body finds it's balance, the mind accepts the peace
then the soul finds it's direction.
This begins the new neural pathways of behavior and habit in a holistic way that is sustainable in life. The old patterns of behaviors are shifted into a new rhythm and from this, a new "soundtrack" takes the place of the worn out record playing its repetitive, destructive song, over and over again.
Sound Therapy interrupts the repetitive thinking of the brain and somatic experience of the body from negative patterns of past behaviors. This gives the participant an opportunity to "rewire" their desires for a more productive and joy-filled outcome. Often deep insights arise from both group and individual sessions leading to epiphanies of old patterns and new options. Although Sound Therapy is not Spiritually motivated, often there is a Spiritual Awakening or deeper connection with something "greater than themselves" coming from years of Spiritual neglect.
Sound Therapy is a complementary therapy well suited
to enhance any form of wellness program.
"Peter Guy Manners, M.D., a British osteopath and sound therapy pioneer, spent more than 50 years on sound frequency research. Manners used the analogy of an orchestra for describing how stress affects the body. Imagine a gust of wind blows away the sheet music of the first and second violins. This stress causes a struggle for harmony in the string section of the orchestra. Left without a master pitch pipe, the lack of harmony spreads to other parts of the orchestra.
Likewise, in the body, stress or injury pulls cells out of their coherent structure. If the stress is not handled properly, a complex web of disharmonies perpetuates—the whole orchestra is soon out of tune. An out-of-tune body begins to experience a variety of stress signals, including anxiety, insomnia, allergies, food sensitivities, or physical and emotional pain."
~ Mandara Cromwell, inventor / author "SoundFlower"
How can Sound Therapy help you?
Sound Therapy is a new, innovative method of transformation and healing based on ancient techniques of wisdom through the ages. Rapidly gaining attention and acceptance, the world is ready for a new approach to healthy living and diverse methods to getting there. It's easy. It's painless. It's effective.
Sound Therapy is available for everyone, yet not everyone is attuned to the same sound. Each person is unique and the sound, frequency and vibration is uniquely designed for the individual and/or the circumstances. People who suffer from addiction require a different modality of sound as opposed to someone who is suffering from environmental stress and is different than someone suffering from depression. The type of addiction is also a factor when determining the modality of Sound Therapy as well. Someone who is addicted to white wine is different than someone who is addicted to dark liquor and is different than someone addicted to shopping or eating. However, all addictions are labeled under the heading of "addictive behavior" which is different than "non-addictive behavior."
After a session, the client often feels a sense of calm, a sensation often missing from people suffering from addiction or depression. As new neural-pathways are developed through multiple sessions of Sound Therapy a new habit is more easily formed and the client is able to make better choices and avoid circumstances triggering aberrant behaviors.
Sound resonates in the body for a minimum of 72 hours after it has been introduced. As additional sessions are attended, both individual and group, the longer and more effective the sound resonates, creating a more cohesive system of healing and stress reduction. Soon, the body and mind are operating at a level of optimal function in harmony with each other.
Don Reed Simmons is a Sound Therapist, sound therapy instructor and Meditation Teacher who has worked in the world of sound therapy for over 20 years. As fromer president of the International Sound Therapy Association, he has developed and taught a unique form of stress reduction and healing to countless therapist and individuals.
To arrange for a public speaking engagement, to find out how Sound Therapy can be affective in your practice or for a private session, please email:
DonReedSimmons@gmail.com
Other articles of interest:
https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/signal-discovery-104663195/?no-ist
https://phys.org/news/2016-10-scientists-effects-infrasonic-vibrations-humans.html
https://www.prevention.com/health/mental-health/a30986834/what-is-sound-therapy/
@Gurudon
© 2022 Don Reed Simmons All Rights Reserved


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Basic knowledge of Word, Excel, and the web.


Heat indexes have dipped into the three digits down here in the Southern swing, but nothing, not even the sun's inferno, has made me 'melt' more than JONES' latest single.
Coveting tender, honeyed hooks, and tranquil guitars and bass lines, "Melt" is a charmer through and through, and easily the one of the best singles I've heard, well, all year. Its summery soul vibe hits right on the cusp of besting JONES' heavenly heartbreaker, "Hoops", and with production by HONNE, it's difficult to even deny. "Melt" just hits all the right chords and is the perfect balm to the craziness and heartbreak that has been happening recently (#OrlandoUnited, Orange Is The New Black's season finale...).
JONES' anticipated debut, New Skin is currently without a due date, but still will (hopefully) make an appearance later this year. With MNEK and Two Inch Punch on the roster as guest stars, and Jones keeping things going with her sublime set of singles, New Skin needs to arrive sooner, rather than later.


text:
Q: Ruby on Rails - Alternatives to STI? I have many different models (close to 20) that share some common attributes but also differ to some degree in others. STI seems attractive at first, but I have no idea how the various models will evolve over time with rapid product development.
A good parallel to our application that comes to mind is Yelp. How would Yelp manage something in Rails? All of the postings have some common attributes like "address". Yet, they differ quite a lot on others. For example, you have a reservation option for restaurants and maybe not for others. Restaurants also have a ton of other attributes like "Alcohol allowed" that don't apply to others. Doing this with STI will get out of hand pretty quickly.
So whats the next best option? HStore with Postgres? I am not comfortable using HStore for anything but small things. HStore solves some problems while introduces others like lack of data types, lack of referential integrity checks etc. I'd like a solid relational database as the foundation to build upon. So in the Yelp case, probably, a restaurant model is where I am going. I've taken a look at suggestions like here - http://mediumexposure.com/multiple-table-inheritance-active-record/, but I am not happy to do so much monkey patching to get something so common going.
So I am wondering what other alternatives exist (if any) or should I just bite the bullet, grind my teeth and copy those common attributes into the 20 models? I am thinking my problems would come from the migration files rather than the code itself. For example, if I setup my migrations to loop through tables and set those attributes on the tables, then would I have mitigated the extent of the problem with having different models?
Am I overlooking something critical that might cause a ton of problems down the road with a separate models?

A: I see a few options here:

*

*Bite the bullet and create your 20 different models with a lot of the same attributes. It's possible that these models will drift over time - adding new fields to one specific type - and you'll create a 200 column table with STI. Maybe you don't - the future is hard to see, especially with exploratory/agile software.

*Store non referential fields in a NoSQL (document) database. Use your relational database for parts of the record that are relational (a user has many reviews and a review has one business), but keep the type specific stuff in a NoSQL database. Keep an external_document_id in your Rails models and external_record_id / external_record_type in your NoSQL document schema so you can still query all bars that allow smoking using whatever NoSQL ORM you end up using.

*Create an Attributes model. An attribute belongs_to :parent_object, polymorphic: true with a key and value field. With this approach you might have a base Business model and each business can has_many :attributes. Certain (non-relational?) attributes of the business (allows_smoking) are one Attribute record. An Attribute's key could be a string or could be a numeral you have Ruby constants for. You're essentially using the Attribute entities to create a SQL version of option #2. It might be a good option, and I've used this myself for User or Profile models. (Although there are some performance hits to be aware of with this approach).
I'd really worry about having that many (independent) models for something that sounds subclass-ey. It's possible you might be able to DRY up common behavior/methods by using Concerns (syntactic sugar over the mixin concept, see an awesome SO answer on concerns in Rails 4). You still have your (initial) migration problem, of course.

A: Adding another option here: Serialized LOB (272). ActiveRecord allows you to do this to an object using serialize:
class User < ActiveRecord::Base
  serialize :preferences
end
user = User.create(preferences: { "background" => "black", "display" => large })
User.find(user.id).preferences # => { "background" => "black", "display" => large }
(Example code from ActiveRecord::Base docs.)
The important consequence to understand is that attributes stored in a Serialized LOB will not be indexable and certainly not searchable in any performant manner. If you later discover that a column needs to be available as an index you'll have to write [most likely] a Ruby program to perform the transformation (though by default serialization is in Yaml so any Yaml parser will suffice).
The advantage is that you don't have to make any technology changes to your stack in order to apply this pattern. Its easy to moderate - based on the amount of data you have collected - to migrate away from this pattern.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


PEN E-PL1: Anyone noticed this?
Discussion in 'Olympus Cameras' started by naturecloseups, Aug 19, 2010.
I am noticing something strange with my E-PL1. When I have anti-shock mode turned on and the built-in flash popped up, the flash actually fires twice when the shutter release is pressed. I have left the flash settings at factory default.
The flash fires once just before the anti-shock duration kicks in and the LV blacks out.
The flash fires again when the exposure starts.
Is the first flash actually the preflash for metering -- and it has to fire before the LV blackout because the reading is taken off the sensor? If it is indeed the preflash -- it actually looks way too strong.
Anyone noticed this with their E-PL1 or other Oly m4/3 bodies that support anti-shock? What could be the explanation for this?
Red eye reduction perhaps? Timings may change with VR on.
I can't answer specifically in regard to the EPL1 as I don't have mine yet but most cameras use the preflash to set flash duration in order to make sure the flash exposes correctly.
Was using the E-PL1 at a party with the FL36R attach. The P setting had the speed at very low of 1/3 sometimes 1/6 sec. The flash is set to auto and then forced on and I still have this slow shutter speed. I had to use S and set the flash speed to 1/160. Why is this so?
In my previous E-30 and E-330, I just set it to P and the camera automatically sets to the maximum flash speed.


text:
The New Bell Inn
We're in Historic Harwich, a peninsula in the far North-East corner< of Essex. Just across the estuary is Suffolk, to the East is Belgium & The Netherlands.
We're three minutes walk from Harwich Quay & Ha'Penny Pier where you'll find the Harwich Harbour Foot & Cycle Ferry, serving Felixstowe & Shotley in Suffolk (Seasonal – see website)
Harwich Town Railway Station is between five and ten minutes walk away with hourly services (daily) to & from Manningtree for connections to Colchester, Chelmsford, Stratford, London Liverpool St, Ipswich, Cambridge & Norwich.
The Harwich Passenger Ferry & Cruise Ship terminal can be reached via Harwich International Railway Station, two stops from Harwich Town. The ferry terminal has two sailings a day to/from the Hook of Holland with Stena Line, making it easy to reach the New Bell from the Netherlands or further afield.
Harwich Bus Terminal is on the forecourt outside the main entrance of Harwich Town Station with two services an hour to Colchester & one per hour to Clacton weekdays / Saturdays, with a reduced service service Sundays / Bank Holidays.
National Cycle Route 51 runs past the New Bell, ending on Harwich Quay. Between Colchester and Harwich it is also part of the North Sea Cycle Route, and is additionally known as EuroVelo 12.
The Essex Way starts/ends at the High Lighthouse, a few minutes away from the New Bell. It runs 82 miles to Epping.
There's also limited parking outside the pub with on-street parking close by. A free public car-park is under five minutes away. Please note that parking on Harwich Quay is not free.
Outpart Eastward,
Harwich, CO12 3EN
We're in it!
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text:
Gmina związkowa Deidesheim (niem. Verbandsgemeinde Deidesheim) − gmina związkowa w Niemczech, w kraju związkowym Nadrenia-Palatynat, w powiecie Bad Dürkheim. Siedziba gminy związkowej znajduje się w mieście Deidesheim.

Podział administracyjny
Gmina związkowa zrzesza pięć gmin, w tym jedną gminę miejską (Stadt) oraz cztery gminy wiejskie:
 Deidesheim
 Forst an der Weinstraße
 Meckenheim
 Niederkirchen bei Deidesheim
 Ruppertsberg

Deidesheim
D

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Cryptography Meta
Cryptography Stack Exchange is a question and answer site for software developers, mathematicians and others interested in cryptography. It only takes a minute to sign up.
What are the implications of quantum collision search algorithms like Ambainis for collision-resistant hash functions?
I just stumbled onto a series of 2017 papers about applying the Ambainis quantum collision-finding algorithm to hash functions. (disclaimer: I haven't read all of them in full yet):
Post-quantum security of the sponge construction
Quantum Collision-Finding in Non-Uniform Random Functions
An Efficient Quantum Collision Search Algorithm and Implications on Symmetric Cryptography
From the latter:
From similar techniques [to Grover's], quantum collision search is known to attain $O(2^{n/3})$ query complexity, compared to the classical $O(2^{n/2})$. ... Our algorithm is the first to propose a time complexity that improves upon $O(2^{n/2})$, in a simple setting with a single processor.
My questions: can someone who's been following this research discuss:
Implications of this for security practitioners ... will we need to triple hash lengths instead of doubling them?
Is this family of quantum collision-finding attacks only effective against the sponge construction and SHA-3, or does it apply to hash functions more broadly?
Related questions that were asked and answered prior to these 2017 papers:
[2014] Space complexity of quantum collision search?
[2011] What security do Cryptographic Sponges offer against generic quantum attacks?
hash collision-resistance post-quantum-cryptography quantum-cryptanalysis
Squeamish Ossifrage
Mike OunsworthMike Ounsworth
$\begingroup$ As far as I can tell, there's no evidence that these actually attains asymptotically better than $O(2^{n/2})$ cost in any realistic models of cost (even assuming the unrealistic premise that a qubit and a qubit operation cost the same as a bit and a bit operation), and all the quantum ones actually scale worse in cost than the best classical one, the van Oorschot–Wiener machine. $\endgroup$ – Squeamish Ossifrage May 22 '18 at 15:36
$\begingroup$ Note that if you were already concerned about classical attacks costing up to $2^c$, you needed to use $2c$-bit hashes already; even if the quantum scaling were $O(2^{n/3})$, you would only need $3c/2$-bit hashes, not $3c$-bit hashes. $\endgroup$ – Squeamish Ossifrage May 22 '18 at 15:38
$\begingroup$ Some discussion: blog.cr.yp.to/20171017-collisions.html $\endgroup$ – Squeamish Ossifrage May 22 '18 at 15:40
$\begingroup$ I'm missing something about $3c/2$ not $3c$ .. ? $\endgroup$ – Mike Ounsworth May 22 '18 at 15:40
$\begingroup$ Also the paper you quoted from quotes the relevant paper by Bernstein directly afterwards which essentially says that the $O(2^{n/3})$ complexity / cost is unrealistic. $\endgroup$ – SEJPM♦ May 22 '18 at 16:31
The query complexity, i.e. the number of times the machine evaluates the function as a black box, may be $O(2^{n/3})$, but that's not the only cost of an algorithm: the size of the machine and how long you have to run it figure in too.
So far, there are no implications of quantum algorithms for security parameters of collision-resistant hash functions. Classical algorithms are still the cheapest algorithms for generic collision-finding, and would remain so even if Grover-capable quantum computers had the decency to merely exist.
The original Brassard–Høyer–Tapp algorithm[1] precomputes $H(x_1), H(x_2), \dots, H(x_{2^{n/3}})$ and stores them in a table $C$; then it applies Grover to find a preimage of 1 under the function $f(y) = [H(y) \in C]$, which reveals a collision in $H$.
Even if the communication costs for table lookup were zero (which seems unrealistic), this costs $O(2^{n/3})$ space, and the algorithm is expected to take $O(2^{n/3})$ oracle evaluations before finding a preimage under $f$ of 1, for a total of $O(2^{n/3})$ evaluations of $H$, and a total area*time cost of $O(2^{2n/3})$—far greater than the $O(2^{n/2})$ area*time cost of standard classical algorithms like the van Oorschot and Wiener collision search algorithm based on parallel $\rho$[2].
Variants of the algorithm have been proposed, but so far none of them has beaten the $O(2^{n/2})$ cost of the best classical algorithms in any plausible cost model even if qubit operations are no more expensive than bit operations—and most of them are much more expensive in any plausible cost model[3]. See here for an overview of some of the proposed algorithms and of problems in the cost models, and for broader context.
The Ambainis algorithm[4] takes a slightly different approach of a quantum random walk to find a repetition if there is one among a sequence of $M$ elements in $O(M^{2/3})$ time, which can be converted to an algorithm for finding a collision in an $m$-bit-to-$n$-bit function in $O(2^{m/3})$ queries. But it also requires maintaining a data structure holding all $O(M^{2/3})$ queries throughout the algorithm. So the area*time cost for a collision search based on it is $O(2^{2m/3})$, which remains far beyond the $O(2^{n/2})$ cost of classical collision search for any input size $m$ that gives a collision in $n$-bit outputs with nonnegligible probability. What Czajkowski et al. describe[5] is a generic way to apply it to a sponge with $c$-bit capacity producing an $n$-bit output costing $O(\min\{2^{2c/3}, 2^{2n/3}\})$, which is essentially what you would expect.
And since the query complexity of a generic quantum collision search has a lower bound[6] of $\Omega((2^n/r)^{1/3})$ if $r$ is an upper bound on the number of colliding preimages, unless there are dramatic breakthroughs in storage costs it seems unlikely that this situation will change any time soon.
Squeamish OssifrageSqueamish Ossifrage
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text:
An NIH abstract writes to say
A daily water intake of 3.7 L for adult men and 2.7 L for adult women meets the needs of the vast majority of persons.
Is water on-board space-craft (such as ISS, Tiangong) rationed?
Do the astronauts aboard ISS, and other human space programmes (historic, and contemporary) receive the quantum of water necessary for their normal bodily functions?
Are astronauts at the end of a mission dehydrated as compared to the start?
iss water
EveryoneEveryone
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Depends how you look at it. Onboard the International Space Station (ISS), water is definitely a precious resource and several measures were taken to consume less of it, such as recycling as much of it as possible, not washing clothes, reducing tap pressure, conserving it under shower and using wet cloths, using liquid waste vacuum tube on toilets, and so on. But it is also a consumable, since it's a source of oxygen through electrolysis and inefficiencies of the ISS' life support recycling used water further reduces its quantity, so it is supplied to the ISS regularly with resupply vehicles.
ISS astronauts aren't deprived of it though, and it's part of their daily regime to hydrate frequently to reduce effects of blood volume loss due to microgravity. I can't say that was the case with all manned missions to space though, for example, if Chinese taikonauts had sufficient water supply during their stay at Tiangong 2. And some earlier US manned missions only took really limited, one day's worth of water supplies with them, since they were short-duration flights only, such as the early project Mercury flights. And for Apollo missions, water was used to rehydrate the food and as onboard equipment coolant, on top of using it for drinking, so that was a bit of a problem during Apollo 13 mission, but they managed to make supplies they had left after the cryogenic tank stir explosion last by restricting its use.
To my knowledge, no astronaut yet suffered long term water shortage in space, with a slight exception of Apollo 13 crew but they made due. Recycling and conserving use is however essential to keeping supplies last even in Low-Earth Orbit (LEO) with resupply vehicles standing by and relatively easy escape route in case something goes badly wrong.
Sources and suggested reading:
Reference guide to the International Space Station, Assembly complete edition (PDF)
NASA Science News: Water on the Space Station
NASA Science News: Breathing Easy on the Space Station
Lunar And Planetary Institute: Apollo 13 Mission - Emergency Return
How do astronauts battle loss in blood volume in microgravity?
Wikipedia on Space toilet
Not the answer you're looking for? Browse other questions tagged iss water or ask your own question.
How long can a 2 person crew survive on ISS totally cut from Earth?
Is a ball of ice practical as reaction mass and forward shielding?
Are there any humanoid robots on board the ISS?
Will the Mars Transit Vehicle need to include a water recycling system?
My space station is filling with water
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Robots on board the ISS: Expectations and results?
Printer on board of the ISS?
Liquids Plumbing on board
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Hello and welcome to Sarah Jones Personal Training at KLRUFC. Your first visit to the a gym can be a daunting experience. Our team will be on hand to show you around the gym and how to use the variety of equipment. Our inductions are a great way to learn some new exercises or discover how to use equipment you have never tried before.
For that extra direction or focus we also offer one to one training and group classes. Whether it is training for sport or to reach personal fitness aspirations, we have bags of enthusiasm that will boost your motivation and spur you on when you need it most. Training doesn't have to be boring and with our enjoyable, innovative and tailored programmes you can also achieve your goals.
This class provides new mums with the knowledge and education into starting safe and effective exercise post baby.
The best way to recover from pregnancy and re-gain your core, pelvic floor and whole body conditioning.
Based outside weather permitting this class will build your cardiovascular fitness, allowing you to meet other new mums while exercising with your little one.
HIIT has been scientifically proven to gain better results in a short period of time over a standard workout.
It's a mixture of high intensity burst of exercise with rest periods. Focusing on full body movements for a greater burn.
This training course is designed for 11 (Yr7) to 18 Year olds.
Provides sport specific sessions that will aid you to become a better athlete. Teaching you the basic techniques of Olympic lifting, body weight, resistance and cardiovascular fitness. Give yourself the best chance as an athlete to achieve your Sporting goals by stepping up your training to the elite level.
This is a boxing themed class that packs a punch. It has a mixture of interval and body weight sections to fire up all the muscles in your body.
EVERY THURSDAY 6.30pm – 7.30pm. £8 per session. Email mailto:gym@klrufc.co.uk for more info or to book your place.
To find out more about any of our classes or services please email gym@klrufc.co.uk.


text:
SSgt Edwin DazaChacon
Home/In Memoriam/In Memoriam - Current Conflicts/SSgt Edwin DazaChacon
[headline h="2″] STAFF SGT. EDWIN H. DAZACHACON[sub_title]Died on February 13, 2007 – Operation Enduring Freedom[/sub_title] [/headline]
RELEASE NUMBER: 060216-01
DATE POSTED: FEBRUARY 17, 2006
PRESS RELEASE: Special Operations Soldiers killed in Afghanistan
U.S. Army Special Operations Command
FORT BRAGG, N.C. (USASOC News Service, Feb. 17, 2006) — Four Army Special Operations Soldiers died Feb. 13 north of Deh Rawod in central Afghanistan, when the vehicle they were traveling in struck an improvised explosive device.
Killed were Staff Sgt. Edwin DazaChacon, Sgt. 1st Class Chad Gonsalves, both of 3rd Battalion, 7th Special Forces Group (Airborne), and Sgt. Alberto Montrond of Group Support Battalion, 7th SFG (A) here along with Staff Sgt. Clinton T. Newman from the 321st Civil Affairs Brigade, San Antonio, Texas.
STAFF SGT. EDWIN H. DAZACHACON
DazaChachon, 38, was a native of Diamondbar, Calif. He joined the Army in November 1997. After a break in service, he reenlisted in the Army in 2005 and was assigned to 3rd Battalion, 7th SFG (A) as a senior cryptologic linguist in April. He spoke Spanish and was a college graduate.
He served with the 508th Infantry Regiment (Airborne) in Vincenza, Italy and participated in deployments in Southwest Asia, Bosnia, Rwanda, and the Sanai. He also served with 1st Battalion, 504th Parachute Infantry Regiment, Fort Bragg, N.C., during Desert Shield/Desert Storm.
[headline h="4″]Awards and decorations:[/headline] Bronze Star with "V" device,
Purple Heart,
Meritorious Service Medal,
Army Commendation Medal with two oak leaf clusters,
Army Achievement Medal,
Good Conduct Medal,
National Defense Service Medal,
Armed Forces Expeditionary Medal,
Global War on Terrorism Expeditionary Medal,
Global War on Terrorism Service Medal,
Armed Forces Service Medal,
Humanitarian Service Medal,
Noncommissioned Officer Professional Development Ribbon,
Army Service Ribbon,
Overseas Service Ribbon,
Multinational Force and Observers Medal,
NATO Medal,
Kuwait Liberation Medal (Saudi Arabia),
Kuwait Liberation Medal (Kuwait),
Senior Parachutist Badge,
Tunisian Parachutist Badge,
Expert Infantryman Badge,
Combat Infantryman Badge,
Combat Action Badge.
[headline h="4″]DazaChachon's military education:[/headline] Basic Combat Training,
Advanced Individual Training for Infantrymen,
Basic Noncommissioned Officer Course,
Primary Leadership Development Course,
Basic Airborne Course,
Jumpmaster Course.
He is survived by his mother, Smila Franks of Brea, Calif., his father Edison DazaArana of Palmira Valle, Colombia, South America and his sisters, Monique Francesca DazaChacon of Brea, Calif., and Jessica DazaChacon of Laguna Niguel, Calif.
The LORD is my rock, my fortress and my deliverer; my God is my rock, in whom I take refuge. He is my shield and the horn of my salvation, my stronghold.
By Staff|2017-04-15T22:25:07-07:00February 22nd, 2011|In Memoriam - Current Conflicts|1 Comment
SFC David Nunez
SSgt Joseph F. Curreri
SSgt Joshua Whitaker
SSgt Kyle R. Warren


19:1 And it came to passe, that when Iesus had finished these sayings, he departed from Galile, and came into ye coasts of Iudea beyond Iordan.
19:2 And great multitudes followed him, and he healed them there.
19:3 Then came vnto him the Pharises tempting him, and saying to him, Is it lawfull for a man to put away his wife vpon euery occasion?
19:5 And sayd, For this cause, shall a man leaue father and mother, and cleaue vnto his wife, and they which were two shalbe one flesh.
19:6 Wherefore they are no more twaine, but one flesh. Let not man therefore put asunder that, which God hath coupled together.
19:7 They said to him, Why did then Moses commaund to giue a bill of diuorcement, and to put her away?
19:8 He sayd vnto them, Moses, because of the hardnesse of your heart, suffered you to put away your wiues: but from the beginning it was not so.
19:9 I say therefore vnto you, that whosoeuer shall put away his wife, except it be for whoredome, and marry another, committeth adulterie: and whosoeuer marieth her which is diuorced, doeth commit adulterie.
19:10 Then sayd his disciples to him, If the matter be so betweene man and wife, it is not good to marry.
19:11 But he sayd vnto them, All men cannot receiue this thing, saue they to whom it is giuen.
19:12 For there are some eunuches, which were so borne of their mothers belly: and there be some eunuches, which be gelded by men: and there be some eunuches, which haue gelded them selues for the kingdome of heauen. He that is able to receiue this, let him receiue it.
19:13 Then were brought to him litle children, that he should put his hands on them, and pray: and the disciples rebuked them.
19:14 But Iesus sayd, Suffer the litle children, and forbid them not to come to me: for of such is the kingdome of heauen.
19:15 And when he had put his hands on them, he departed thence.
19:16 And beholde, one came and sayd vnto him, Good Master, what good thing shall I doe, that I may haue eternall life?
19:17 And he said vnto him, Why callest thou me good? there is none good but one, eue God: but if thou wilt enter into life, keepe ye commandemets.
19:18 He sayd to him, Which? And Iesus sayde, These, Thou shalt not kill: Thou shalt not commit adulterie: Thou shalt not steale: Thou shalt not beare false witnesse.
19:19 Honour thy father and mother: and thou shalt loue thy neighbour as thy selfe.
19:20 The yong man sayd vnto him, I haue obserued all these things from my youth: what lacke I yet?
19:21 Iesus sayd vnto him, If thou wilt be perfite, go, sell that thou hast, and giue it to the poore, and thou shalt haue treasure in heauen, and come, and follow me.
19:22 And when the yong man heard that saying, he went away sorowfull: for he had great possessions.
19:23 Then Iesus sayd vnto his disciples, Verely I say vnto you, that a rich man shall hardly enter into the kingdome of heauen.
19:24 And againe I say vnto you, It is easier for a camel to go through the eye of a needle, then for a rich man to enter into ye kingdome of God.
19:25 And whe his disciples heard it, they were exceedingly amased, saying, Who then can be saued?
19:26 And Iesus behelde them, and sayde vnto them, With men this is vnpossible, but with God all things are possible.
19:27 Then answered Peter, and said to him, Beholde, we haue forsaken all, and followed thee: what therefore shall we haue?
19:28 And Iesus said vnto them, Verely I say to you, that when the Sonne of man shall sit in the throne of his maiestie, ye which folowed me in the regeneration, shall sit also vpon twelue thrones and iudge the twelue tribes of Israel.
19:29 And whosoeuer shall forsake houses, or brethren, or sisters, or father, or mother, or wife, or children, or lands, for my Names sake, he shall receiue an hundreth folde more, and shall inherite euerlasting life.
19:30 But many that are first, shalbe last, and the last shalbe first.


text:
Q: QGIS Default Vector Layer Style When I import a shapefile as a vector layer the default setting is always applied for the colouring

It's always a simple fill with a stroke width of 0.26. Every time I end up changing it to a simple line with a stroke width of 0.66 and choosing a unique color

If there's any way to make this a default for importing shapefiles that would be a huge time save.

A: I have not used it before, but you can assign default styles from Project -> Project Properties -> Default style:


text:
Ongoing events | The Honolulu Advertiser | Hawaii's Newspaper
Posted on: Friday, November 24, 2006
Advertiser Staff
The √ indicates admission is $5 or less, or free. Full-price admission is listed; * denotes discounts (or free) for students, seniors, military, members, children and/or advance purchase. Call venue for details.
Ala Moana Center: Candy Cane Train, 10 a.m. daily through Jan. 1 and runs every 20 minutes, $6; photos with Santa, 10 a.m. daily through Dec. 24; "Christmas Gift of Aloha" stage show and parade, 6 p.m. Tuesdays-Sundays through Dec. 23, free. 955-9517.
Kahala Mall: The Salvation Army angel tree, today through Dec. 19; Santa visits and photos, 10 a.m.-8 p.m. Mondays-Saturdays, 10 a.m.-4 p.m. Sundays through Dec. 8, 9 a.m.-9 p.m. Sundays-Saturdays through Dec. 23 and 8 a.m.-4 p.m. Dec. 24. 732-7736.
Pearlridge Center: Holiday train, the Pearlridge Express, from 10 a.m. through Jan. 1 during mall hours, $3, Uptown; Salvation Army Angel Tree, through Dec. 20, Uptown and Downtown; photos with Santa, today through Dec. 24, Downtown. 488-0981.
√ Windward Mall: Tree lighting ceremony with Mayor Mufi Hannemann, 6-6:30 p.m. today; free. 235-1143.
"Annie," Army Community Theatre presents the family musical, 7:30 p.m. Fridays-Saturdays, through Dec. 2, Richardson Theatre; $15*, 20*. 438-4480, www.squareone.org/ACT.
"Uncommon Women and Others," comedy/drama by Wendy Wasserstein, 2 p.m. Sunday and 2 p.m. Dec. 3, Richardson Theatre, Fort Shafter; $6*. 438-4480.
"Fully Committed," comedy about a reservationist for a Manhattan restaurant, 7:30 p.m. Wednesdays-Thursdays, 8 p.m. Fridays-Saturdays and 4 p.m. Sundays, through Dec. 3, Manoa Valley Theatre; $25*. 988-6131, www.manoavalleytheatre.com.
"The Lion in Winter," in 1183 King Henry II and family prepare for a holiday reunion, 7:30 p.m. Wednesday and Thursdays, 8 p.m. Fridays-Saturdays and 4 p.m. Sundays, through Dec. 10, Paul and Vi Loo Theatre (formerly Hawai'i Pacific University Theatre), HPU Kane'ohe campus; $20*. 375-1282.
"K2," The Actors' Group presents the story of two climbers stranded on a mountain ledge, 7:30 p.m. Thursdays-Saturdays and 4 p.m. Sundays, through Dec. 17, Yellow Brick Studio; $15*. 550-8457, www.honoluluboxoffice.com.
"Fish Head Soup," humor, secrets and shame emerge as a family's youngest son, who was presumably dead, suddenly shows up at the front door, premiering 8 p.m. Wednesday-Thursday, 8 p.m. Fridays-Saturdays and 2 p.m. Sundays, through Dec. 10, UH-Manoa, Earle Ernst Lab Theatre; $12*. 956-7655, 483-7123.
"Who the Fil-Am I?" a trip to the Philippines forces three FilipinoAmericans to come to grips with their ancestry, 8 p.m. ThursdaysSaturdays and 2 p.m. Sundays, through Dec. 10, Kumu Kahua Theatre; $5-$16. 536-4441, www.kumukahua.org.
"Hawaiian Style Comedy Show," with Augie T., 7:30-9 p.m. Wednesdays-Thursdays, Sheraton Waikiki hotel, Esprit Lounge; $10. 921-4600.
Sharkey's Comedy Club, Comedy Crusaders Improv Troupe, doors open at 7 p.m., show at 8 p.m. Thursdays, Panama Hattie's, 'Aiea; $12*. Also: the "Best of Honolulu's Stand-Up," comics and Mainland guests, doors open at 7 p.m., show at 8 p.m. Saturdays. $15*. 531-4242.
√ Royal Hawaiian Shopping Center entertainment: Josiah Kekoa Trio, 6:30-8:30 p.m. Tuesdays and Saturdays; Hawaiian Quilting Classes, 4:15-6:15 p.m. Wednesdays; Soundettes of Hawaii, 6:30-8:30 p.m. Wednesdays; Pu'uhonua, 6:30-8:30 p.m. Thursdays; Ku'uipo Kumukahi, 6:30-8:30 p.m. Fridays; lei-making classes, 4:15-5:15 p.m. Mondays; hula and 'ukulele lessons, 4:15-6:30 p.m. Tuesdays and Thursdays; free. 922-2299.
√ Ala Moana Center entertainment: Honolulu Dance Studio, 2-2:45 p.m. today; Na Palapalai, 4-4:30 p.m. today; The Brothers Cazimero, noon-12:45 p.m. Saturday; Afatia Thompson, noon-12:45 p.m. Sunday; John Cruz, 2-2:45 p.m. Sunday; Hawaii Yuzan Kai, noon-12:45 p.m. Monday; Farrington High School Band holiday concert band, 6-6:45 p.m. Monday; ongoing — Keiki Hula Show with Halau Na Mamo O Ka'ala and Kanilau, 10-11 a.m. Sundays; Polynesian Cultural Center, noon-12:45 p.m. Tuesdays and Thursdays; free. 955-9517.
√ Pearlridge Center entertainment: Uptown — Halau Hula Mai Ka Pu'uwai a Ka Mana'o, 7-8 p.m. today; Hawaii Music Works holiday performance, 3-4 p.m. Sunday; Mokichi Okada Association Hawaii Health Activities, 7:30-9:30 a.m. Monday; Downtown — 'Ike Pono, 6-8 p.m. Saturday; "From Keiki to Kupuna," 10:30 a.m.-noon Tuesdays; Uptown and Downtown — Junior Keiki Tuesdays, 6-8 p.m. Tuesdays; Baba Alimoot and Friends, 11:30 a.m.-1:30 p.m. Fridays; free. 488-0981.
√ International Market Place entertainment: Hickam Halau, 7-9 p.m. today; Iwalani School of Dance, 7-9 p.m. Saturday; Greg and Junko, 7-9 p.m. Sundays and Tuesdays; "Voyage Through Polynesia," 8:30-9:15 p.m. Mondays, Wednesdays and Thursdays; free. 971-2080.
√ Aloha Tower Marketplace: Star of Honolulu Welcome Hula Show, 4:30-5:30 p.m. daily; 'ukulele lessons, 2:30-3 p.m. Tuesdays; free. 566-2337.
√ Royal Hawaiian Band: 10 a.m. Saturday, Wai'anae Christmas Parade; noon-1p.m. Fridays, 'Iolani Palace grounds; 2-3 p.m. Sundays, Kapi'olani Park bandstand; free. 922-5331.
√ Kahala Mall entertainment: Cirque Hawaii, 1 p.m. today; Aaron J. Sala, 2-3 p.m. Saturday; 732-7736.
√ Windward Mall, Ohana Concert with Raiatea Helm, 6:30-7:30 p.m. today; Keahiwai, 1-2 p.m. Saturday; free. 235-1143.
√ Kuhio Beach torchlighting and hula show, 6:30-7:30 nightly, Kuhio Beach stage, near Duke Kahana-moku statue; free. 843-8002.
√ R/C Drift Practice Nights, electric drift cars welcome, 8 p.m. Tuesdays, Costco Iwilei parking lot (rain location: Ala Moana Center lot, near Sears and Zippy's); free. www.driftsession.com.
√ Native Books/Na Mea Hawai'i: introduction to hula, 8:30-9 a.m. Tuesdays; artist demo and autograph signing, 10 a.m.-2 p.m. Tuesdays; introduction to the Hawaiian language, 8:30-9 a.m. Wednesdays; beginning and intermediate hula, 5-7 p.m. Thursdays; beginning adult 'ukulele classes, 9-10:15 a.m. Saturdays; free. 596-8885.
Tour and Tea, explore the galleries, learn about art and culture, and socialize over tea, 2:30-4 p.m. Tuesdays and Sundays, Honolulu Academy of Arts; $7*. Reservations: 532-8700.
√ Youth Speaks Hawai'i, slam poetry workshops for ages 13-19, 4-5:30 p.m. Wednesdays, The ARTS at Marks Garage; free. 387-9664.
√ Craft Fair, 9 a.m.-2 p.m. Fridays, Waikiki Beach Marriott, Paoakalani Lobby; free. 922-6611.
√ Sunset Country Market, sponsored by North Shore Country Market, 8 a.m.-2 p.m. Saturdays, Sunset Beach Elementary School; free. 237-8248.
√ Waimanalo Country Market and Crafts Fair, plus clothes, jewelry and plants, 9 a.m.-4 p.m. Sundays, Waimanalo Homestead Community Center; free. 259-5349.
√ Artfest, 9 a.m.-5 p.m. Saturdays-Sundays, Queen's Surf Beach, Waikiki; free. 696-6717.
Shichigosan, with blessing, kimono rental and dressing, 8:30 a.m.-4 p.m. daily through Nov. 30, Hawaii Kotohira Jinsha, 1239 Olomea St.; $50 donation, by appointment only. 841-4755.
Chinatown Historic and Cultural Walking Tour, presented by Hawai'i Heritage Center, 9:30-11:30 a.m. Wednesdays and Fridays; meet at 1040 Smith St.; $10*. 521-2749.
√ Aloha Friday King's Jubilee, with flag ceremony, precision rifle drill and musical revue, followed by fireworks, 7 p.m. Fridays, Hilton Hawaiian Village; free. 949-4321, ext. 77881.
√ Na Ali'i, 2-hour cultural walking tour of Waikiki with Hawaiian storyteller Woody Fern, 9-11 a.m. Saturdays, Outrigger Reef on the Beach, Hoaloha canoe; free. 924-6007.
Hawaiian Railway Train Rides, 1 and 3 p.m. Sundays, 91-1001 Renton Road, 'Ewa; narrated, 90-minute roundtrip to Kahe Point; $10*. 681-5461.
Chinatown Museum Walking Tours, Chinatown and harbor or Capital District, 10 a.m.-noon daily, Hawaiian Chinese Multicultural Museum and Archives, Maunakea Marketplace; $10. Reservations: 595-3358, 374-3094.
√ Historical Walking Tour, 11 a.m. and 5 p.m. Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays, Sheraton Moana Surfrider; free. www.starwood.com/hawaii.
'Iolani Palace Grand Tours, 1 1/2-hour tour of the galleries and barracks, every 30 minutes, 8:30 a.m.-2 p.m. Tuesdays-Saturdays; $20* ($15* kama'aina). Galleries tour only: $12*. 522-0832.
√ Mission Houses Museum Tours, 11 a.m. and 1 and 2:45 p.m. Tuesdays-Saturdays; $10* ($8* kama'aina). 531-0481.
Hawaiian Quilting Classes, 1-3 p.m. Wednesdays with Mary Cesar, Mission Houses Museum; also, 10 a.m.-noon Saturdays with Wilma Connell; $7*. Reservations: 531-0481.
Ghosts of the Old Plantation, ghost stories with tour, 6:30-8 p.m., Hawaii's Plantation Village; $40. 306-7631.
GSI, Hawaii, ghost-scene investigations walking tour, 9 p.m. Fridays, Hawaii State Library; $45*. Reservations: 306-7631.
Poakalani Hawaiian quilt classes, 9:30 a.m.-noon Saturdays, 'Iolani Palace, Old Archives Building; $5 plus materials. 524-0394.
"Navigating Change: The Northwestern Hawaiian Islands" exhibit, 8:30 a.m.-5 p.m. daily, Hawai'i Maritime Center; $7.50*. 536-6373.
Ocean Drifters, seasonally rotating exhibit of jellyfish, 9 a.m.-4:30 p.m. daily, Waikiki Aquarium; $9* general, $6 kama'aina. 923-9741.
"Journey With a King," exhibit exploring the cultural and historical ties between Hawai'i and Japan, 9 a.m.-5 p.m. daily, Bishop Museum; $14.95*. 847-3511.
Pineapple Express Train Tour, 20-minute tour, 9 a.m.-5 p.m. daily, Dole Plantation; $7.50*. 621-8408.


text:
Q: Is there a shell script converter between rwx/rwt etc and the octal version? I gone through the script
echo 'rwxrwxrw-' | perl -ne 'BEGIN{sub conv{ chomp(my $ins=shift); my $k=0; for(my $i=0;$i<=8;$i++) { my $tmps = ( substr($ins, $i, 1) =~ /[rwx]/ ); $k+= ( $tmps*(2**(8-$i)) ); }; if ($k) { sprintf(" %0o ", $k); } else { "??" ; }; }; } print(conv($_)."\n");'

It's really wonderful but its missing extra permissions like sticky bit, suid, sgid. I will me more appreciated, if you could include them in the script.

A: this is bash:
perms="rwxr-xr-x"
p=0
for ((i=0; i<${#perms}; i++)); do
    ((p <<= 1))
    [[ ${perms:i:1} == "-" ]] || ((p += 1))
done
printf "%o\n" $p   # ==> 755

Does not handle sticky bits, etc. For that, use stat
$ touch afile
$ chmod 2700 afile
$ ls -l afile
-rwx--S--- 1 jackman jackman 0 Nov 29 09:36 afile*
$ stat -c '%a' afile
2700

Perl has a builtin stat function:
$ perl -e '@fields = stat "afile"; printf "%04o\n", $fields[2] & 07777'
2700

A: Use of stat is not necessary for handling sticky, setuid, or setgid (even if it is more unwieldy), and BASHisms are unnecessary.  An example for /tmp works on a very old UNIX without BASH:
ls -ld /tmp | \
tee /dev/stderr | \
awk '{ k=0; for(i=0; i<=8; i++) k+=((substr($1, i+2, 1) ~ /[rwxs]/)*2^(8-i));
       if ($1 ~ /^.{3}[Ss]/) k+=2048; if($1 ~ /^.{6}[Ss]/) k+=1024;
       if ($1 ~ /[Tt]/) k+=512; if(k) printf("%04o\n",k) }'
drwxrwxrwt   3 sys      sys         2560 Jul 16 12:39 /tmp
1776

That said, glenn jackman's perl stat solution is preferred for conciseness, and with a minor rework, allows accepting the target from a shell variable (and also works on the same ancient UNIX):
$ what="/tmp"
$ perl -s -e '@fields = stat "$f"; printf "%04o\n", $fields[2] & 07777' -- -f="$what"
1777

The awk script is based on one found here


Wisdom of Life.: Reach Out and Touch Someone.
As I walked down the busy sidewalk with my wife, knowing I was late for Mass, my eye fell upon one of those unfortunate, ragged vagabonds that are found in every city these days. Some people turned to stare. Others quickly looked away as if the sight would somehow contaminate them.
Recalling my old pastor, Pastor Mike, who always admonished me to "care for the sick, feed the hungry, and clothe the naked," I was moved by some powerful inner urge to reach out to this unfortunate person.
Wearing what can only be described as rags and carrying her treasured worldly possessions in two plastic bags, my heart was touched by this person's condition.
A small voice inside my head called out, "Reach out, reach out and touch this person!"
Food for thought - "I've learned that every day you should reach out and touch someone. People love a warm hug, or just a friendly pat on the back." - Maya Angelou quotes.