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The Santa Monica Playhouse BFF Binge Fringe Festival of FREE Theatre! What's On In-Person today
October 27, 2021, 7:30 pm to 9:00 PM
Santa Monica Playhouse - The Other Space
3103949779 x1
Join us for the 6th Annual BFF Binge Fringe Festival of FREE Theatre, Oct 10 – Nov 9, offering over two dozen plays and family-oriented events thanks to generous grants from the Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors through the Los Angeles County Department of Arts and Culture, the City of Santa Monica and the Santa Monica Arts Commission and Playhouse PALS. What's on in-person and live-streaming on Festival Wednesdays:
Wed, Oct 13: Kira Powell's CAUGHT IN THE MIX
7:30pm Rated 13+
An autobiographical one-woman show about a mixed black and Latina woman, who grew up believing she was white. Follow Kira as she struggles to accept her true identity. Her vulnerability, truth and humor carry us through racism, anti-blackness, white favoritism, colorism, and what it's like for a person of color to be raised in a household and society that idolizes whiteness as she overcomes her identity struggles and moves into a life of self-love and self-worth. Winner of the 2021 Soaring Solo Social IMPACT Award. Written & performed by Kira Powell.
Wed, Oct 20: Tony Cronin's COME SUNDOWN
7:30pm Rated: 21 +
A reading of Tony Cronin's screenplay adaptation of his play Come Sundown.
Wed, Oct 27: Veronica Carey Matthews' TransSetter
7:30pm Rated: 14 to adult
Winner of the 2021 Hollywood Fringe Festival Encore Producers Award, Pick of the Fringe Honorable Mention, and Nominated for Best World Premiere, Best Solo Show, and Solo Splash Award. Veronica narrates the story of her previous identity (Carey) and his journey into transitioning. Having struggled for years on the Hollywood scene, things were slowly moving upward until he got in his own way. As his life started to fall apart, Carey had to make some changes; and while change was in the air, an even bigger life "transition" was afoot. Written & performed by Veronica Carey Matthews. Directed and developed by Jessica Lynn Johnson.
Wed, Nov 3: The American Premiere of Erika Jolly's ROMANTIC POETRY NIGHT WITH CANDLES – a BFF 2021 International Selection
7:30pm Rated: all ages
Colombian actress Erika Jolly, now a resident of Santa Monica, brings her poetry night to the stage in this American premiere. With her soft, romantic voice and Bohemian style delivery, Erika interprets poems from select authors, in English and Spanish. Says Erika, "Now that I live in Santa Monica, I would like to perform here so that people can enjoy these beautiful poems. I love reading and acting, before only in Spanish, and now in English, my second language."

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Deloitte's CFO Program Names Frank D'Amelio as CFO-in-Residence has been saved
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Deloitte's CFO Program Names Frank D'Amelio as CFO-in-Residence
NEW YORK, Jan. 18, 2023 — Deloitte announced today that Frank D'Amelio, former executive vice president and chief financial officer at Pfizer Inc., has been appointed independent senior advisor, U.S. CFO Program, Deloitte LLP, serving as the "CFO-in-residence." In this role, D'Amelio will serve as an independent advisor to clients, senior leadership, and Deloitte teams, providing his strategic guidance on the finance function and the evolving role of the CFO.
"Deloitte's CFO Program has long been recognized for its prestige in advising current and future finance leaders through the challenges of a continually evolving business landscape. I am honored and excited to become the CFO-in-residence of this world class program as we continue the mission of advising CFOs through the complexities of the role."
— Frank D'Amelio, independent senior advisor, U.S. CFO Program, Deloitte LLP
D'Amelio's responsibilities will range broadly, including playing a key role in CFO Transition Lab™ sessions, CFO Forums, Deloitte's annual CFO Vision™ conference, and the CFO Program's Next Generation CFO Academies. Further, he will lend his experience and insights to Deloitte's quarterly CFO Signals™ survey and CFO 4Sight webinar, and biweekly CFO Insights series.
"Given his vast experience as a CFO, including having helped lead Pfizer through the global COVID-19 pandemic, Frank D'Amelio brings a wealth of knowledge and insights, as well as the skill set required to advise CFOs through their most pressing obstacles. We are thrilled to formally welcome Frank to the CFO Program team as our CFO-in-residence."
— Steve Gallucci, national managing partner, U.S. CFO Program, Deloitte LLP, and global leader, Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu Limited
D'Amelio served as executive vice president and chief financial officer of Pfizer Inc. from 2007 to 2022. During his tenure, he was responsible for finance, business development and certain business operations, including information technology, procurement, and real estate. D'Amelio led the acquisition and integration of Wyeth Pharmaceuticals, King Pharmaceuticals, Hospira Inc., Anacor Pharmaceuticals Inc., and Medivation Inc., as well as the spin-off of Pfizer's animal health business, Zoetis, the sale of its nutrition business to Nestlé and Capsugel business to KKR, the combination of Pfizer's Upjohn business with Mylan to create Viatris, and the combination of Pfizer and GSK consumer healthcare businesses in a joint venture. In total, D'Amelio oversaw business development transactions at Pfizer of approximately $200 billion. During D'Amelio's term as Pfizer's CFO, the company's market cap increased by almost $165 billion.
In addition to his role as CFO, D'Amelio was also responsible for Pfizer's global supply chain from 2010-2011 and again from 2018-2021, which included the manufacturing and distribution of the COVID-19 vaccine, of which more than 3 billion doses were made in the first year of production.
About Deloitte's CFO Program
The CFO Program brings together a multidisciplinary team of Deloitte leaders and subject-matter specialists to help CFOs stay ahead in the face of growing challenges and demands. The program harnesses our organization's broad capabilities to deliver forward thinking and fresh insights for every stage of a CFO's career—helping CFOs manage the complexities of their roles, tackle their company's most compelling challenges, and adapt to strategic shifts in the market. For more on Deloitte's CFO Program and offerings, please click here.
Deloitte provides industry-leading audit, consulting, tax and advisory services to many of the world's most admired brands, including nearly 90% of the Fortune 500® and more than 7,000 private companies. Our people come together for the greater good and work across the industry sectors that drive and shape today's marketplace — delivering measurable and lasting results that help reinforce public trust in our capital markets, inspire clients to see challenges as opportunities to transform and thrive, and help lead the way toward a stronger economy and a healthier society. Deloitte is proud to be part of the largest global professional services network serving our clients in the markets that are most important to them. Building on more than 175 years of service, our network of member firms spans more than 150 countries and territories. Learn how Deloitte's approximately 415,000 people worldwide connect for impact at www.deloitte.com.
Kori Green
Deloitte Services LP
Jennifer Wotczak
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Revenue recognition for Nonprofits could change drastically. Several changes have been put into place for nonprofits following generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP). Due to the complexity of upcoming changes, we've created a handy summary of these changes, implementation dates, and revenue streams to consider.
FASB Decision Tree (click for larger image).


For my thesis I have combined elements of illustration with elements of creative writing. For the first portion of my project I wrote a sixty-page novella. It consist of a fictional narrative centered around both dark narratives and gothic horror. My focus for the last four months has been illustrating and visually defining the characters and environments for my story; which is titled "The Pits of Agartha". The themes were influenced by my love of classical horror tropes, fused with my interest in written fiction, nautical history, and maritime culture. I was primarily fueled to create this collection of characters and illustrations in order to solidify a creative vision, and share it. It displays my detailed love for dark storytelling and classical literature, as well as embracing deeper, more philosophical and modern meanings. The art itself represents my personal style with a mixture of pen and ink line work and digital color. With a touch of mysticism and alchemy, the novella I have written takes on the form of a cautionary tale, baring the dangers of unchecked experimentation, and the immediate ecological crisis we face in the treatment and destruction of our own world. I used pen lifework and used digital media to create an underlying layer of washes and mid tones, to give each of the more prominent depth and to reference the sepia coloring of older photograph and film. This, along with the paper textures I used in these illustrations, were implemented to give the finished products more viability as references to older and more traditional media. I've done this to unify the illustrations with their source material, much the same as the novella I have written. As they're both meant to pay homage and remind the audience of its direct inspiration, and my gothic horror influences.


Citation Information: J Clin Invest. 2018. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI122466.
A considerable body of evidence suggests that Fc-dependent functions improve the capacity of broadly neutralizing antibodies (BnAbs) to protect against and control HIV-1 infection. This phenomenon, however, has not been formally tested in robust cell-associated macaque simian-human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) models with newer-generation BnAbs. We studied both the WT BnAb PGT121 and a LALA mutant of PGT121 (which has impaired Fc-dependent functions) for their ability to protect pigtail macaques from an i.v. high-dose cell-associated SHIVSF162P3 challenge. We found that both WT and LALA PGT121 completely protected all 12 macaques studied. Further, partial depletion of NK cells, key mediators of Fc-dependent functions, did not abrogate the protective efficacy of PGT121 in 6 macaques. Additionally, in animals with established SHIVSF162P3 infection, SHIV viremia levels were equally rapidly reduced by LALA and WT PGT121. Our studies suggest that the potent neutralizing capacity of PGT121 renders the Fc-dependent functions of the Ab at least partially redundant. These findings have implications for Ab-mediated protection from and control of HIV-1 infection.
Citation Information: J Clin Invest. 2018. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI121935.
In the era of combined antiretroviral therapy (cART), lung diseases such as chronic bronchitis (CB) and COPD are common among persons living with HIV (PLWH), particularly smokers. Although smoking is highly prevalent among PLWH, HIV may be an independent risk factor for lung diseases; however, the role of HIV and cigarette smoke (CS) and their potential interaction in the development of chronic lung diseases among PLWH has not been delineated. To investigate this interaction, cynomolgus macaques were exposed to CS and/or simian-adapted human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) and treated with cART. The development of CB and the lung functions were evaluated following CS±SHIV treatment. The results showed that in the lung, SHIV was a strong independent risk factor for goblet cell metaplasia/hyperplasia and mucus formation, MUC5AC synthesis, loss of tight junction proteins, and increased expression of Th2 cytokines/transcription factors. In addition, SHIV and CS synergistically reduced the lung function and increased the extrathoracic tracheal ring thickness. Interestingly, SHIV-infection generated significant numbers of HIV-gp120+ epithelial cells (HGECs) in small airways and alveoli and their numbers doubled in CS+SHIV-infected lungs. We conclude that even with cART, SHIV independently induces CB and pro-COPD changes in the lung and the effects are exacerbated by CS.
Citation Information: J Clin Invest. 2018. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI99420.
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are involved in the pathogenesis of many infectious diseases, yet their dynamics and impact on HIV/SIV infection were not yet assessed. We hypothesized that SIV infection and the related microbial translocation trigger NET activation and release (NETosis), and investigated the interactions between NETs and immune cell populations and platelets. We compared and contrasted the levels of NETs between SIV-uninfected, SIV-infected, and SIV-infected antiretroviral-treated nonhuman primates. We also cocultured neutrophils from these animals with either peripheral blood mononuclear cells or platelets. Increased NET production was observed throughout SIV infection. In chronically infected animals, NETs were found in the gut, lung, liver, and in the blood vessels of kidney and heart. ART decreased NETosis, albeit above preinfection levels. NETs captured CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells, B-cells, and monocytes, irrespective of their infection status, potentially contributing to the indiscriminate generalized immune cell loss characteristic to HIV/SIV infection, and limiting the CD4+ T-cell recovery under ART. By capturing and facilitating aggregation of platelets, and through expression of increased tissue factor levels, NETs may also enhance HIV/SIV-related coagulopathy and promote cardiovascular comorbidities.
Citation Information: J Clin Invest. 2018. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI99005.


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Андрей Иванович Жданов (1904—1979) — чабан, Герой Социалистического Труда (1949).

Биография
Андрей Жданов родился 6 ноября 1904 года в селе Малая Джалга (ныне — Апанасенковский район Ставропольского края). С двенадцатилетнего возраста работал пастухом овец. С 1932 года работал на конном заводе имени Будённого в Сальском районе Ростовской области.

В послевоенные годы участвовал в выведении новой породы тонкорунных овец — Сальских мериносов. Особенных успехов он добился в 1948 году, получив от 817 закреплённых за ним голов тонкорунных овец по 6,5 килограммов шерсти от каждой и 132 ягнят на каждые 100 маток.

Указом Президиума Верховного Совета СССР от 26 июля 1949 года был удостоен высокого звания Героя Социалистического Труда с вручением ордена Ленина и медали «Серп и Молот».

Умер 23 февраля 1979 года, похоронен на кладбище посёлка .

Был также награждён орденом Трудового Красного Знамени и рядом медалей.

См. также
 Список Героев Социалистического Труда Ростовской области

Примечания

Ссылки
 Жданов, Андрей Иванович // Герои Труда Дона / Донская гос. публичная библиотека. — Ростов-н/Д, 2008—2014.

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Business challenge ends with a pot of gold at the end of the rainbow
Local businesses pulled together to raise over £10,000 for young people from the Furness region by completing our unique rowing and running challenge.
Their efforts meant there really was a pot of gold at the end of a rainbow which made an appearance during the challenge.
BAE Systems Maritime, Temple Heelis, The Grove Group and global fashion brand, boohoo, entered a team each and Sanlam UK sponsored a sixth team from Newcastle University.
Their timed challenge, which began and ended at Brathay Hall at the north end of Windermere, was devised by us as a fundraiser. Each team had to row to three points on the lake and send a pair of runners up and down three fells - Latterbarrow, Gummer's How and Wansfell.
First back was the Newcastle University team in a time of 6hrs 58mins – a new course record, followed by BAE Systems in 7hrs 59mins.
This is our seventh RowRunner and Scott Umpleby our Head of Fundraising explained why it was so important:
"This year's RowRunner is about raising money to help Furness young people living in care, or on the verge of entering the care system, with unstable or difficult family lives. They are inspired to build their confidence and set goals to help them find employment and live independently.
"Life can be incredibly tough for them and it's really great that businesses have rallied around to support them. This is the third year that BAE Systems Maritime have sponsored the event. Their support covers all the operational costs which means that every £1 donated goes directly to help disadvantaged young people."
Scott went on to say that it was also a great team building exercise as each member had to commit to the training and to literally 'pull together' on the day.
Neil Doherty, BAE Systems Corporate Social Responsibility Senior Management Advisor, said:
"It was a pleasure to be involved with the fantastic RowRunner competition. BAE Systems Submarines is proud to sponsor such a worthwhile event. This year's was better than ever, and let's hope it goes from strength to strength. Let's also hope the shipyard team goes one better next year and is able to claim the winner's trophy."
Lucy Clough, Group HR Director at boohoo said:
"It's been an absolute pleasure, and the team got to understand a little bit more about the magic of Brathay. They really enjoyed it, it went so smoothly and we thank you for your first class organisation."
Bae Systems Maritime Team Came Second With A Time Of 7Hrs 59Mins For Their RowRunner
A Sanlam Sponsored Team From Newcastle University Came First Breaking A Course Record With A Time Of 6Hrs 58Mins For Their RowRunner Challenge
There Really Was Gold At The End Of The Rainbow After Businesses Completed A Fundraising Challenge To Support Our Furness Appeal To Help Young People
Focus on Furness Appeal
Growing up in poverty affects life chances. Help us make a difference to those growing up in one of the most deprived areas of England by donating to our appeal. Find out more
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With the ever-increasing need for faster data communication, cloud services using datacenters are becoming the norm for large-scale data processing. When a disaster occurs in such a system, it is important to ensure that the users do not experience a huge data loss. Current techniques based on protection or restoration are not appropriate for such systems. Recently, the use of Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) has been proposed for high bandwidth demands in cloud networks. Techniques for handling disasters in OFDM networks have not been investigated yet. A new scheme is developed in this research for recovering from any disaster by switching over to alternate paths that avoid the disaster. A new Integer Linear Programming (ILP) formulation has been developed, based on this scheme. The proposed formulation gives an optimal solution, based on an exhaustive search and is useful as a benchmark. A number of experiments have been conducted, which demonstrate the feasibility of the approach.
Ahmed, Sayeed, "Optimal Route and Spectrum Allocation in Fault Tolerant OFDM Networks" (2016). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. 5796.


The 2019 Toyota RAV4 Hybrid closes and defines a range in which the hybrid, Toyota's workhorse could not miss. Available in two versions: 4 x 2 and 4 x 4, Both are equipped with a 2.5 four-cylinder engine combined with an electric motor front (even back to the 4 x 4 version.
The new Toyota RAV4 Hybrid develops a total of 197 HP and mounts the proven CVT transmission. The House says a 0 to 100 km/h in 8.3 seconds and record from 80 to 120 in 7 seconds, while the average consumption in the combined cycle is 20.7 Km/l.
In the 4WD version the second electric motor used to give power to the rear wheels in order to make the RAV4 Hybrid all-wheel-drive car in all respects.
Thanks to the different driving modes: "EV" in which he travels only with batteries up to 50 km/h, or "ECHO" that allows you to travel up to 70 mph without the intervention of the thermal engine, the Hybrid RAVgi4 is suitable for every situation.
The list of safety equipment and amenities is long; the new Toyota Safety Sense Plus has a pedestrian detection system, adaptive cruise control, Lane, dazzling machines exceeded the system, the system of recognition of road signs.
The 2019 Toyota RAV4 Hybrid will be visible at the upcoming Geneva Motor Show 2017 and will be offered at a promotional price of 28,900 Euros in version 2WD with a discount of 3,650 euros compared to the market price), while the diesel version will be offered at 25,500 € (with an advantage of 3,450). Toyota also offers the opportunity to buy the RAV4 Hybrid through the solution PAY PER DRIVE — by installments of 300 euros with theft-fire four years maintenance included in the package.
The Toyota RAV 4 is a compact Suv that, compared to the previous generation, has grown in size and has a hatch that opens upwards and not sideways like a door: a more practical solution when you park between two other cars. The Toyota RAV 4 was completely renovated in 2013. Length: 460 cm, width: 184 cm, height: 167 cm, Posts: 5, trunk: 501 liter.


NORS offers individual and institutional membership. Please contact us if you or your institution would like to become a member.
Currently, our society consists of about 80 people working on operations research in Norway, including academics, researchers, students and practitioners.
Getting involved in the operations research network of Norway and staying up-to-date with the news of our community.
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A company can apply for membership of NORS and the board of NORS decides if the membership is granted or not. If a company is a member of NORS, its employees can apply for a free personal membership.
As an academic department counts normally a department at a university or a faculty at a university college. An academic department can apply for membership of NORS and the board of NORS decides if the membership is granted or not. If an academic department is a member of NORS, its employees and students can apply for a free personal membership.


Why Hire a Sydney Private Investigator?
Why hire a Sydney private investigator? Private investigators sometimes get a bad rap in the movies but in real life, they can help you with a number of investigative issues from finding missing people to making discreet enquiries about potential significant others. In Australia many investigations are solved by using surveillance techniques. As licensed professionals we often investigate a number of issues that the police normally do not undertake. There are several reasons why you should not handle private detective matters on your own.
Do you know what you can and cannot do legally when it comes to investigating by yourself? Unless you know your law, a trained expert should be hired to conduct the investigation for you. Licensed private investigators will know and understand the law as well as the best legal way to collect evidence that will hold up in a court of law should the situation call for it. Because you likely will not know or understand the many degrees of the law, you could potentially gather information or evidence illegally or unintentionally contaminate it – negating it's use, and landing yourself in legal trouble.
Investigative work is a special ability that takes a lot of study, training and dedication. There is more to it than just tailing a vehicle or taking covert pictures of cheating partners. They understand the legalities of tracking and listening devices, how to conduct surveillance properly whether it is following a vehicle or positioning themselves at a certain location without being observed.
Technology is a large part of investigations these days so an investigator will know which internet resources to utilise, what databases to search through and even trace IP addresses and emails. Private investigators have access and know how to use a variety of surveillance equipment that can help their cases as well.
Potential danger and the time factor are additional reasons why you should not conduct an investigation on your own. You do not have the experience to stay safe or identify hazardous situations. Plus, investigating takes time and sometimes it is tedious work. Can you clear your schedule and devote yourself to your case? Chances are you have to work, go to school or raise a family, leaving little time for the investigation. Take the safe and smartest route and look to professional private investigators to help you.


The WorldViz support team is comprised of virtual reality gurus that can provide you with the guidance you need to ensure your VR project stays on track.
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text:
Word of the Week 09/05/16 - Animal Rights
the rights of animals to live with special consideration, For example being free from human exploitation and abuse
peta.org.uk
Those who argue for Animal rights such as the charity PETA, make the case that certain things are wrong as a matter of principle, that there are some things that it is morally wrong to do to animals. Human beings must not do those things, no matter what the cost to humanity of not doing them and human beings must not do those things, even if they do them in a humane way. Many people have no concern with granting such rights to humans, so what is the case for also granting them to animals and what are the counter-arguments?
The Argument For
The argument for animal right might look like this in a syllogism:
Human animals have rights
There is no morally relevant difference between human animals and adult mammals
Therefore adult mammals must have rights too
The weakest premise in this sequence is the second one but might be justified on these grounds:
They have similar levels of biological complexity
They are conscious and aware that they exist
They know what is happening to them
They prefer some things and dislike others
They make conscious choices
They live in such a way as to give themselves the best quality of life
They plan their lives to some extent
The quality and length of their life matters to them
Because of all these things animals are said to have 'inherent value'. Beings with inherent value are equally valuable and entitled to the same rights. Their inherent value doesn't depend on how useful they are to the world, and it doesn't diminish if they are a burden to others. Thus adult mammals have rights in just the same way, for the same reasons, and to the same extent that human beings have rights.
The Argument Against
A number of arguments are put forward against the idea that animals have rights.
Animals don't Reason
Animals were put on earth to serve human beings by the creator (see Genesis 1)
Animals don't have souls and so are metaphysically distinct from Humans
Animals don't behave morally and therefore do not merit moral treatment
Animals lack the capacity for free moral judgment - the do not have agency or autonomy in the samne way that humans do.
Animals are not members of the 'moral community' - this was put well by Mary Warnock: "May they [animals] be hunted? To this the answer is no, not by humans; but presumably their rights are not infringed if they are hunted by animals other than human beings. And here the real difficulties start. If all animals had a right to freedom to live their lives without molestation, then someone would have to protect them from one another. But this is absurd... (M Warnock, An Intelligent Person's Guide to Ethics, 1998)
All of these arguments make the case that Humans and Animals are fundamentally different to one another and therefore the same inherent value we give to human life cannot simply be transferred to animals.
Ultimately it comes down to whether, philosophically speaking, you can make a better case for commonality (humans and animals being on a continuum of development that means one is no "better" than another) or dominance (that humans are morally allowed to dominate animal species.
What do you think?
Word of the Week: W/C 28/09/15 - Equality
The state of being equal, especially in status, rights, or opportunities.
Image: ja.wikipedia.org
Equality is an important concept in the modern era; the rise of Human Rights since the end of WW2 and the enactment of various laws and conventions on Human Rights has brought it to the attention of the majority. To many in the West it is difficult to imagine a time when people were not seen as equal - thankfully many of the world's major regimes that discriminated against minorities (or even majorities) have come to an end; Apartheid in South Africa, Genocide in Rwanda and Segregation in the USA. Of course there are many situations across the world where Human Rights abuses are still being committed and many charities are working hard to highlight these abuses.
Whilst there may be laws in place to ensure equality in the UK we should not be complacent. There is still a great deal of inequality in the UK. Here I want to focus on two areas where many are still not given equality through unconscious bias - this is where people, without being aware, discriminate against people who are different to them.
Sexism (Gender bias) is the act of discriminating against someone because of their Gender. It can affect any gender but it is particularly documented against women. Whilst many men are keen to argue that they are in favour of equal rights for women this is not, for reasons that are highly complex, bourne out when we look at the statistics. The website Feminista gives the following facts about women at work:
The full time gender pay gap is 10%, and the average part-time pay gap is 34.5%.
It is estimated that for each year a mother is absent from the workplace her future wages will reduce by 5%.
Approximately 70% of people in national minimum wage jobs are women.
Women make up only 17% board directors of FTSE 100 companies.
Up to 30,000 women are sacked each year simply for being pregnant and each year an estimated 440,000 women lose out on pay or promotion as a result of pregnancy.
There is a very interesting debate to be had about why these statistics are the case; some argue that the fact that women have children means that some inequality is inevitable. Many others however argue that the level of difference is not acceptable and evidence of a much more malevolent sexism in society.
Disability Bias is the act of discriminating against a person because they are disabled. Some charities suggest that around 10% of the world's population live with a disablity (http://www.disabled-world.com/disability/statistics/ accessed: 25/09/15). Discrimination that this group face could be a lack of access to transport, goods and services; difficulty in securing a job and promotion; or simply the way they are treated by others. A fantastic short film to gain a sense of what it must be like to experience disability bias is "Talk" produced by the Disability Rights Commission (This version has Audio Description in order to make it accessible to the visually impaired):
Word of The Week: 26/01/15 - Rights
The basic rights and freedoms to which all humans are considered to be entitled, often held to include the rights to life, liberty, equality, and fair trial, freedom from slavery and torture and freedom of thought and expression.
The history of Human Rights could be argued to go back as far as Cyrus the Great when he freed all the slaves in Persia and declared that people had the right to practice whatever religion they chose. One can track their history and development in documents asserting individual rights such as the Magna Carta, the Petition of Rights, the US Constitution, The French Declaration on the Rights of Man, The US Bill of Rights, the UN Declaration on Human Rights and the European equivalent.
The founding principle of these documents seems to be that humanity has intrinsic value – either due to a religious reason such the existence of a soul or for logical reasons such as the fact that we all have the same DNA and are all members of the species Homo Sapiens.
On Thursday 22nd January, Martin Chamberlain QC came to address our Philosophy Society on the need to continue to have human rights enshrined in law. He first set out the arguments used by those who would remove human rights in the belief that civilised societies automatically protect the rights and liberties of their citizens. This was summed up in the words of Thomas Jefferson: "Our liberty can never be safe but in the hands of the people themselves". Mr Chamberlain suggested that although on the surface this sounds honorable in reality this is "tyranny by the majority".
Mr Chamberlain then went on to outline why this was the case based on the thinking of scholars such as John Adams, Alexis de Tocqueville and John Stuart Mill; that in a democracy, if an individual is wronged, who can he appeal to other than the majority? If the individual is not supported by the majority they risk being victimized or subjected to violations of their rights. This is why there must be an independent judiciary and intrinsic human rights to protect citizens.
Now the discussion moved onto a number of cases where there has been an appeal to the Convention on Human Rights to ensure that justice is done – some of these were cases where Mr Chamberlain was the acting barrister. These included prisoners arguing for the vote, the death of Baha Mousa, the deportation Abu Quatda and the issue of Free Speech. The talk concluded with a discussion of the Charlie Hebdo case and how selective governments can be about the right to free-speech – the Human Rights Convention is needed to ensure that justice remains blind and that all are treated with equality and impartiality.
The talk was extremely well received by our pupils and this was demonstrated in high quality of questions that they asked in response. These included whether there are any situations when human rights can be legitimately be ignored, if the British government should develop an independent Bill of Rights and Responsibilities and whether verbal abuse should be treated in the same way by the Law as physical abuse.
For Berkhamsted students, a video of the talk will be available on the learning platform.
Do you think we don't need to have a Convention on Human Rights? Or are they essential for justice to be done?


text:
Simple questions, complex issues
I think one of the biggest problems I see with people being arrested for almost anything is that while they know the Miranda Rights, they often do not know where the line between consent and probable cause lies. Police officers are trained to say and ask things in such a way to either get consent or develop probable cause.
Can you tell the difference between these questions? Do you know what rights you are giving up by answering them?
1. "Okay, if I look in your car?" vs. "You don't mind me searching through your car do ya?"
2. "Step out here and talk to me, would ya?" vs. "Why don't you step on out here for a minute?"
3. "You don't have anything like guns, bullets, gunpowder, or large amounts of money on you do you?" vs. "You don't have anything illegal in your car like guns, hand grenades, large amounts of money or anything do ya?"
Each of these three sets of questions are taken from real life cases. Let's look at the differences and what the courts have held each of these sentences to mean.
1. When looking at consent issues courts look at what a reasonable person would believe they were consenting to at the time consent was granted. The first question has been found to mean that an officer can search the interior of a car, but no packages, locked compartments, or baggage. The second question has been interpreted to be a consent to search a car, including the trunk. The two key words are "look vs. searching" and "in vs. through".
2. An officer has the right to control the movements of a motorist he has stopped. He can have you step out of your car, sit in his, stand on the side of the road, etc. But, when looking at when an arrest has taken place, the more control the officer has exerted over you, the more likely the court will find you have been arrested. In the first sentence the officer is well within his rights to order you to step out. But, in the second he requested you to step out. By requesting you to step out he has made your act of leaving your vehicle voluntary and consensual on your part. Thus, it becomes harder for you to argue later in court that he was exercising more control over you than what would be normally expected.
3. The officers in both of these sentences are laying the foundation for a search of your vehicle. Regardless of what you answer to this question, the next question the officer is going to ask is, "You don't mind me searching through your car real quick then, just to make sure, do you?" But the scope of the search in each of these sentences is going to be different. Police are allowed to search where ever what they have permission to search for may be found.
In the first sentence he asked if you had gunpowder and bullets. Gunpowder is tiny and can be found anywhere. You may have just literally given the police permission to vacuum your car and send the contents to the FBI for analysis. You also gave permission to search for bullets. Bullets may be found in the cracks between the carpet and floorboard, in pockets, glove boxes, and any number of other small places. By answering the first question, you may have just set yourself up to have your vehicle torn apart.
The second question is going to restrict the search to places where these larger items may be found. This will serve to narrow the scope of this search, but the officer included money in this question. Thus, he is going to be able to look for large amounts of money - which is what they are looking for more and more nowadays.
Did you notice anything else about the third set of questions? Is there anything that strikes you as unusual with both of these questions? Tell us in the comments. I will reveal it in an upcoming post.


text:
Defunkt Magazine
GENRE FEST
Anthology II
TEENS AGAINST THE BOOK BANS
Chapbook Subs
If They Can, I Can
By Aluu Prosper
Born and raised in Nigeria, West Africa, Prosper Aluu makes figurative and expressive paintings. Prosper grew up drawing comics and characters which enabled him understand the human figure and expressions properly, after which he became a full time studio artist in 2017. Prosper studied at the Federal University of Technology Owerri, where he learnt Building technology with an architectural background on designing. He also acquired expertise in graphic design, illustration, 3D modelling, video editing and animation. In 2018, he had his first official art exhibition where he won the Peace Poster award for his painting on Peace at the ANBUKRAFT. He has participated in several exhibitions and competitions since then and has won some of them. In 2020, he was signed as a brand ambassador to TECNO mobile Nigeria on a one year deal. His works has appeared in countries like, South Africa, United kingdom, United States, Canada, Japan e.t.cNigeria, b. 1999.


text:
Q: What is .I extension used for? I was following this tutorial for learning how to create a Compiler in c++. But in the tutorial the author created tokens.I file for lexical analysis.
Can anyone please tell me what is .I extension used for ??
Thank You

A: The extension is actually .l (lowercase L), which is used for a "lex" file.

A: Intermediate files between the C preprocessor and the C compiler. All macros are expanded here.

A: Here is some basic knowledge of compiler, quoted from http://dinosaur.compilertools.net/:

A compiler or interptreter for a programminning language is often decomposed into two parts:
1. Read the source program and discover its structure.
2. Process this structure, e.g. to generate the target program.

The task of discovering the source structure again is decomposed into subtasks:
 a. Split the source file into tokens
 b. Find the hierarchical structure of the program

And there are lots of tools to do task a for you, like Lex, Flex or Re2c. So basically you can define some token parsing rules (using regular expression) in a .l file according to tool's grammer, then pass it to those tool and let them do token parsing for you.

A: http://whatis.techtarget.com/fileformat/I-Intermediate-file-Borland-C
To quote:

I is an intermediate preprocessor output file format used by Borland C++. I files are used to compile and communicate a stream of binary tokens between the compiler's parsers. I files can also be used to compose textual outputs.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


music that he and his fans always enjoyed.
Tom T. Hall's Band and writing songs.
Loving You" and "If I'd Left It Up To You".
the first of 11 consecutive #1 records, some of which he wrote or co-wrote.
Up And Close The Door".
emphasis, however, was still music; country music.
Love Her So Much", and "Rose Of My Heart".
past collaborations with the creation of "You Can Say That Again".
response when touring overseas in countries such as Switzerland, England, S.
music together with his bilingual songs.
Johnny received the Pioneer Award from the Institute of Hispanic Culture.


Dr. Brian James, a born and bred Queenslander, commenced specialist practice restricted to Periodontics and implant dentistry in Townsville in 1996, with a team of one dental assistant and a part-time receptionist. He travelled to branch practices in Mackay and later Cairns for many years. As his practice grew, and expanded, he took on more staff and a Dental Hygienist.
In 2005, the practice grew to the point where it needed additional room, and considerable difficulty was encountered finding suitable space in Townsville. Around this time, the permanently based Periodontist in Cairns retired, and following consultation with his family, the decision was made to move north.
From humble beginnings, the Cairns Practice has flourished, and now occupies purpose-constructed rooms and has three surgeries. In 2014, an additional facet of dental care provided was added with the commencement of an Endodontic wing of the practice. This initially was with a visiting clinician from Melbourne, and now our fulltime Specialist Endodontist, Dr Behrooz Eftekhar.
As our Practice has grown, so has our staff with Dr Behrooz Eftekhar and 2 Dental Hygienists now making up a valued part of our clinical team. The overall goal of a peaceful, harmonious environment, where patients and staff alike will feel cared for and secure has been achieved.
Cairns Periodontics employs a "no surprise" policy when it comes to fees for professional services. Patients are advised beforehand what consultation fees will be, and following treatment plan, details of costs, item numbers and appointments are provided.
The fees charged are based upon complexity, time and components utilised and are consistent with fees charged in other centres around Australia. The practice employs state of the art equipment, and whilst our fees are not the lowest in Australia, they are lower than most capital cities. We believe our patients feel they get excellent value for money.
Payment for professional services may be made by way of cash, cheque, credit card (MasterCard, Visa) or EFTPOS. Please note American Express is NOT accepted. Payment is made on the day of appointment, or in advance of the appointment. HICAPS is available to claim your private health Insurance on the day of treatment.
Cairns Periodontics has no relationships with Private Dental Insurance companies. For the period of operation of his specialist practice, Dr. James has observed that rebates for periodontal procedures, which were initially very low as compared to other dental procedures, have failed to keep pace with inflation and increases in cost of practice operation. Unfortunately, patients are generally disappointed in the total amount of Treatment costs rebated by dental insurance companies but unfortunately this is out of the hands of the staff at Cairns Periodontics. We will make every effort to assist patients in interactions with their funds, but ultimately, the relationship is between the patient and their fund, and not between Cairns Periodontics and the fund. Claims may be made at Reception via HICAPS, but rebates provided are determined by individual funds, and are not in the control of our practice.


Shops marketing crafts (and maybe clothing) from artisans in developing countries are succeeding in America.
At least two such countries are very well represented in PBC.
We have over 30,000 Haitians emigrees in Palm Beach County according to the 2000 Census (12% of the Haitians living in America).
We have one of the largest populations of Guatamalan-Mayan people in America living in Lake Worth & Jupiter.
We are an affluent county with appreciation for diversity and a very active tourist industry.
Glades Artisans is a PBC institution that can serve as a model for creating a local artisans cooperative.
Delray Beach has two sister cities: Moshi, Tanzania and Miyazu, Japan.
This initiative, if successful, will be a wholesale (and maybe retail) trade organization. It's challenge will be to have available sufficient high quality craft, art and clothing inventory to make it worthwhile for retail shops to cooperate while also providing for covering its overhead. It is expected that it's merchandise will come both from developing countries and from artisans from developing countries who have migrated to this country, especially Palm Beach County.
The Fair Trade Federation has 150 members. Most are wholesalers (mostly Americans) who work with producer groups in developing countries, sometimes tiny producer groups. The largest member does about $3M in annual sales. Most members are about empowering small producer groups of artisans. The Fair Trade Federation is in Washington DC and has a very small staff, but they can help.
The link below does not mention "fair trade", but it is a very interesting story about a coffee cooperative in the Mbozi district of southwestern Tanzania called Mshikamano Farmers Group and its president David Robinson, son of the famous American baseball player Jackie Robinson.
Washington Post article on David Robinson, Mr. Coffee.
Here's information about the Guatemalan-Maya Center in Lake Worth, Florida.
Lucio Perez-Reynozo, attorney, formerly Exec. Director of the Guatemalan-Maya Center.
Dr. Kimberly Grimes, professor of anthropology at Univ. of Delaware and creator of "Made by Hand", a fair trade shop in Bethany Beach.
Candace Russell, freelance writer on culture, Ft. Lauderdale Sun-Sentinel, curator/collector of Haitian art.
Dolores Key, Economic Development & Marketing Director, Palm Beach Gardens, lived in Haiti many years.
Jane Tierney, Glades Artisans, Belle Glade.
David Schmidt (President, Delray Beach Sister Cities); Ngozi Mensah; n'Detenga n'Gurumo.
Betsy Farrar, community developer, St. David's Episcopal Church, Wellington.
Debbie Self, Kathy Bihl, Jim Turner, Anita Thorsad, St. Gregory's Episocopal Church, Boca Raton.


text:
Dark Reign: Elektra
Featured in: Dark Reign Elektra #1-5
Nature of Conflict:
Elektra was one of numerous super-powered individuals that the Skrulls abducted and replaced with Skrull agents necessary for their invasion of Earth. Once the Skrulls were defeated, the real Elektra was released from Skrull captivity and into the hands of S.H.I.E.L.D. However, S.H.I.E.L.D. was decommissioned and replaced with the organization H.A.M.M.E.R., meaning that Elektra was now in the hands of Norman Osborn. And Norman, as a part of his plan to 'keep the public safe from alien threats', wanted to know the Skrull's rationale for only experimenting on Elektra and none of the other captives. Norman began studying, analyzing, and even torturing Elektra in order to get that information. However, the mercenary Paladin soon infiltrated H.A.M.M.E.R. facilities and attempted to kill Elektra and collect the $82 million bounty on head. Paladin botched the job and Elektra was able to escape, leaving Norman looking for answers as to 'who' placed the bounty on her head. Norman then unleashed Bullseye, who was operating under the identity Hawkeye in Norman's Avengers, to capture and kill Elektra. While Bullseye was hot on her trail, Osborn found the Skrulls that were responsible for the testing on Elektra and he tortured them until the gave him the answers he desired.
While Osborn tortured the Skrulls, Victoria Hand uncovered the person responsible for putting the hit out on Elektra, it was S.H.I.E.L.D.! More specifically, the initial deposit given to Paladin originated from an account within S.H.I.E.L.D. labeled 'Blackhawk', which is the name of a S.H.I.E.L.D. helicarrier that Elektra was responsible for destroying. The question for Norman then became, was it the real Elektra or the Skrull Elektra responsible for the destruction of the helicarrier. Meanwhile, Bullseye failed to subdue Elektra, in fact, she gravely injured him after he confronted her. Eventually, Elektra made her way to the S.H.I.E.L.D. forensic site that housed that Blackhawk wreckage, it was at that site that Elektra found the man responsible for the hit on her, S.H.I.E.L.D. Agent Brothers. After Elektra confronts Brothers, Osborn appeared on the monitors found in the labs. He informed Elektra that she was responsible for the destruction of the Blackhawk helicarrier, not her Skrull imposter! He also explained to Elektra that the Skrulls were immensely interested in her specifically because she had been resurrected from the dead and the Skrulls found value in Elektra because they sought eternal life. Elektra accepted the truth from Osborn, then killed Agent Brothers.
Resolution of Conflict:
Its fair to say that Elektra was placed on Norman Osborn's 'uneasy truce' list. He allowed her to escape the S.H.I.E.L.D. forensic site but then tells her, "I'll still have to kill you someday, of course. It looks bad, you running around." With Norman in detention at the Raft, its unlikely he'll make good on that desire any time soon.
Highlights/Interesting Facts:
So the Skrulls were interested in someone who had 'been to the other side'...they should've taken Norman...he's been resurrected as well!
There were some other interesting incidents as well, how about this one, Victoria Hand helped Norman to get dressed...so how close were they?
And now, the Norman 'how sadistic can you get' Osborn highlight reel...
And last, but not least, here's Norman showing us that he hasn't lost that business acumen that got him started on long villainous journey...


text:
Q: Crash of website when making https (api) requests using sockets.io We are facing some difficulties with a website we try to make. The website has a Javascript front end and backend. The backend uses socket.io for processing https requests through funnels. All works fine for now, but when we load test it, it slows down extremely. The site crashes before we can use it with 5 different devices. Eventually it shows an econn reset(see our error handler below).

    //Doesn't stop server after crashing
process.on('uncaughtException', function (err) {
 console.error(err.stack);
 console.log("Node NOT Exiting...");
 var datetime = new Date();
 fs.appendFile('log.txt', "\n\r"+datetime+"\n\r"+err.stack, function (err) {
    });
});

We also have some error handling code, but this code automatically kicks out all users of the server which results in displaying no results. We would want that this only shows up, for users who actually loose connection with the server (Hence not all other users).
See our code for making the https requests:

   return new Promise(function(resolve,reject)
    {
        var options = {
          host: hostUrl,
          port: 443,
          path: path,
          method: method,
          dataType: "json",
          headers: {
            accept: '*/*'
          }
        };

        var req = https.request(options, function(res) {
              var result = '';

              res.on('data', function(chunk){
                    result += chunk;
              });

              res.on('end', function(){
                    //Only send result back when its in json format
                    if(!result || result.indexOf('application/json') !== 0)
                    {
                        // preserve newlines, etc - use valid JSON
                        result = result.replace(/\\n/g, "\\n")
                                       .replace(/\\'/g, "\\'")
                                       .replace(/\\"/g, '\\"')
                                       .replace(/\\&/g, "\\&")
                                       .replace(/\\r/g, "\\r")
                                       .replace(/\\t/g, "\\t")
                                       .replace(/\\b/g, "\\b")
                                       .replace(/\\f/g, "\\f");
                        // remove non-printable and other non-valid JSON chars
                        result = result.replace(/[\u0000-\u0019]+/g,"");

                        resolve(exstractDataForNewTemplate(JSON.parse(result)); //Make sure the results fit in the same JSON with the addToTemplate function!
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        reject(null);
                    }
              });
        });
        req.end();

        req.on('error', function(e) {
          console.error(e);
          reject(null);
        });
    });

We would like to know how to solve this problem, either by improving the existing https request or by using an https request alternative. Suggestions are welcome.


The Netflix show has a heavy dose of 1980s nostalgia, and we've got you covered.
Netflix's new supernatural thriller series Stranger Things feels like it's being broadcast from an old VHS tape, not a streaming platform. Lovingly nostalgic, the show stands on the shoulders of the era's genre titans, including Steven Spielberg, John Carpenter, Ridley Scott, and Stephen King, and heavily references their work among many others.
There are narrative allusions to a lot those filmmakers' sci-fi classics, including monster's symbiotic biology (Alien), a sensory deprivation tank (Altered States or Minority Report), using photographs to uncover clues (Blowup), otherworldly characters wandering around a house alone (E.T.), using lights as a form of communication (Close Encounters), or a score lifted from Assault on Precinct 13 or The Fog, just to name a few. But there are also specific references within the world of the show that are not only cultural markers for the characters, but honorable nods from the show's creators to their favorite influences.
As full-fledged '80s enthusiasts, we collected all of them. Beware, there are spoilers below.
A BMX race all for a rare comic book.
After the boys leave Mike's house on BMX bikes, Dustin (Gaten Matarazzo) challenges Will (Noah Schnapp) to a race back to Dustin's house; the winner would get a comic of their choice. Will promptly beats Dustin to his house and demands #134 of X-Men, a 1963 comic that features the legendary "Phoenix Saga." In a bit of ingenious but complex foreshadowing, the telekinetic Dark Phoenix teams up with the X-Men to defeat the supervillain Mastermind by pinning him to a wall with her mental powers… just like El (Millie Bobby Brown) does to the monster in Chapter 8 of Stranger Things.
During a flashback, Joyce surprises Will at his "Castle Byers" hideout in the woods with tickets to director Tobe Hooper's suburban ghost story, which excites Will because it's rated-R. After Will disappears, Joyce can hear him speaking from the Upside Down dimension through the walls of her house, just like the Carol Anne character in Poltergeist.
Will disappears near the dark road that Mike (Finn Wolfhard), Dustin, and Lucas (Caleb McLaughlin) named Mirkwood after the elven forest in author J.R.R. Tolkien's Middle-Earth books. When Chief Hopper questions the boys about the forest, referencing The Lord of the Rings, Dustin stubbornly corrects him and says Mirkwood is from The Hobbit. Also, the password to enter Castle Byers is "Radagast," a reference to Radagast the Brown, a wizard and ally of Gandalf in The Hobbit.
Mike's parents must not be as protective as Joyce Byers ( Winona Ryder), because a poster for filmmaker John Carpenter's seriously rated-R classic](https://www.inverse.com/article/17334-a-brief-history-of-chainsaws-in-horror-movies-and-video-games) hangs in Mikes basement. The movie, about an alien the infiltrates a remote Antarctic research facility, is known for its practical effects, whose designs heavily influenced Stranger Things.
While trying to figure out where El came from, Dustin says she might have escaped a local mental hospital just like Michael Myers, the iconic killer from John Carpenter's Halloween.
"Take that off your wall, it's obscene."
It's interesting to ponder whether Jonathan Byers (Charlie Heaton) actually saw director Sam Raimis 1981 cult horror classic in his suburban Indiana town, or whether the poster for The Evil Dead that hangs on his wall is there for simple fan service. Either way it's plausible, as 1983 was smack in the early VHS era.
A poster for Jim Henson's incomparable 1982 fantasy film hangs on Mike's wall. The film sometimes gets confused with another 1980s fantasy film, Labyrinth, which starred David Bowie as Jareth the Goblin King. Peter Gabriel's cover of Bowie's "Heroes" can be heard in the closing moments of Chapter 3.
While driving to Indianapolis to visit his father, Jonathan Byers hears the song from The Clash's 1982 album "Combat Rock," which reminds him of the time he listened to the song with his missing brother. Later, in Chapter 4, Joyce hears Will singing the chorus to the song via the walkie talkie while trapped in the Upside Down.
When Mike brings El around his house, he picks out a Yoda action figure from The Empire Strikes Back and takes on the green Jedi's backwards speech, saying, "Ready are you, what knows you of ready?" He also explains to El that Yoda uses the Force to move things with his mind, just like her.
"May Be Too INTENSE For Younger Children"
The biggest influence on Stranger Things has to be Steven Spielberg, so it's no surprise that Will has a poster for Spielbergs 1975 monster classic hanging on his wall. Like the shark from Jaws, the monster from Stranger Things is first seen when attracted by blood.
El would make a great Han Solo.
To test El's telekinesis, Dustin challenges her to make Mike's Millennium Falcon toy levitate before letting it fall to the ground. Later in the episode, El is seen levitating the toy — which is most likely the 1980 Empire Strikes Back Millennium Falcon reissue from Kenner Toys — with ease.
*When El explores Mike's house while he's at school and his parents are away, she stumbles upon the opening sequence — with its iconic "I have the power!" line — for the animated series He-Man and the Masters of the Universe*, another show rich in fantasy symbolism and ghoulish creatures.
**Much in the same way the show borrows pop culture references to explain itself, Dustin uses superhero analogies with Mike and Lucas to wonder whether El was born with powers like the X-Men or acquired them like Green Lantern.
In a diegetic montage, Jonathan Byers listens to the song "Atmosphere" by Joy Division whilst lamenting the supposed death of his brother, Will. Jonathan must have been a pretty big Joy Division fan, as the song was only available in the U.S. as a 1980 B-side single with the song "She's Lost Control" until it was released in the band's 1988 compilation album Substance.
*During Nancy Wheeler's English class, her teacher reads from chapter 3 of [Joseph Conrad's Heart of Darkness*](https://www.inverse.com/article/6374-six-actors-replaced-in-popular-movies) with the words "What is evil?" written on the blackboard. He begins with the passage, "The brown current ran swiftly out of the heart of darkness, bearing us down towards the sea with twice the speed of our upward progress; and Kurtz's life was running swiftly, too…" before trailing off.
The other major influence on Stranger Things is the work of author Stephen King, whose face can be seen on the dust jacket of the book read by the faux state policeman/secret government agent guarding the supposed body of Will Byers. When Chief Hopper (David Harbour) goes to investigate, he tries to make small talk, saying, "I love that book, it's a nasty mutt," referring to the rabid dog in King's 1981 book Cujo.
Dueling Tom Cruise movie references.
*Steve Harrington (Joe Keery) stops by Nancy's house to ask her on a date to see the 1983 movie All the Right Moves because it features her lover boy from Risky Business," Tom Cruise, whom Steve says people say he resembles. After Nancy (Natalia Dyer) rebuffs his offer, because she and Jonathan have plans to hunt the monster, Steve sings the Bob Seger song "Old Time Rock n Roll" in reference to Cruise's iconic lip-synching scene from Risky Business*.
The show starts off with a rousing — and foreshadowing — round of the beloved role-playing board game Dungeons & Dragons. In Chapter 5, Dustin, Mike, and Lucas use the "Vale of Shadows" chapter of the game's Expert Rulebook to explain the Upside Down, the alternate dimension where Will is trapped, saying it's "a dimension that is a dark reflection or echo of our world." They also refer to the monster as a D&D creature called the Demogorgon.
This influential popular-science miniseries and book from 1980 written and hosted by astrophysicist Carl Sagan was recently remade by Neil deGrasse Tyson. Mike and the gang use the show's references to theoretical alternate dimension in the scene after Will's funeral to ask their teacher Mr. Clarke to try and find a way to get to the Upside Down. Mr. Clarke also references American physicist Hugh Everett's many-worlds interpretation of quantum physics.
The King homages don't stop. When Hopper and Joyce go to visit Terry Ives, El's potential mother, who was subjected to MKultra experiments in the 1970s. To explain how Terry claims that her daughter was "special" and born with "abilities," Terry's sister Becky asks Hopper and Joyce if they've read any Stephen King, inadvertently referencing his novels Firestarter and Carrie, about girls who develop mental powers.
In what has to be the only anachronism within the world of the show, a copy of American paranormal researcher Hanz Holzer's 1990 book Great American Ghost Stories can be seen on a shelf when Hopper, Joyce, Jonathan, and Nancy try to contact Mike and the gang via walkie talkie. We'll let this one slide.
Mr. Clarke watches the film with an unnamed lady friend, telling her the films gruesome effects were just "melted plastic and microwaved bubble gum," when Dustin calls him at 10 p.m. on a weekend asking for detailed instructions on how to build a sensory-deprivation tank for El.
"It's such an interesting world."


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Political warfare in British colonial India
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Political warfare in British colonial India aided a British minority in maintaining control over large parts of present-day India, Bangladesh, Pakistan and Burma.
The East India Company obtained a foothold in India in 1695 and from that start expanded the territory it controlled until it was the primary power in the subcontinent. After the Indian Rebellion of 1857 the British Government nationalised the Company creating the British Raj. The Company lost all its administrative powers; its Indian possessions, including its armed forces, were taken over by the Crown pursuant to the provisions of the Government of India Act 1858. A new British government department, the India Council, was created to handle the governance of India, and its head, the Secretary of State for India, was entrusted with formulating Indian policy. The Governor-General of India gained a new title (Viceroy of India), and implemented the policies devised by the India council. As a result of their relatively small presence in the country the British resorted to many methods to retain control of India.
Economic manipulationEdit
Once it had established its factories (trading bases) in India the East India Company started to highlight the benefits of trade with them to the local merchant classes in Surat and Bengal. This helped lure the merchant class away from local rulers to the East India Company as when it persuaded local financiers to abandon the Bengali nawab in 1756.[1]
The East India Company recruited James Steuart in 1772 to help advise on the political aspects of the Indian and Bengali economy. Steuart recommended creating a central bank and making local bankers and moneylenders directors to soak their pooled wealth back into the economy, as well as a more efficient system of taxation to keep that wealth from falling back into their hands. While this policy was not adopted, the Company did establish a more universal currency based on the sicca rupee to restrain the power of the shroff moneylenders.[2]
Later when the Company had increased its power and influence in the subcontinent it started acting as a government. In 1793, Lord Cornwallis abolished the right of local landholders to collect dues on trade which cut back on the feudal powers of the princes, limiting their martial strength and turning them into landlords.[3]
Indian Civil ServiceEdit
After the Indian Mutiny of 1857, the new British administration created a close partnership with certain land-holders and princes to strengthen their grip on power. This was either to create a hierarchy of racial types arose, "each arranged into appropriate social classes, whose spiritual and material improvement were entrusted to the paternal direction of gentlemanly rulers"[4] or 'a single hierarchy all its subjects, Indian and British'.[5]
The Army and the Civil Service were the main instruments of British power, staffed by only a small number of white officials. This imperial service became, "a large vested interest of the educated upper middle class. By 1913–14, for example, the Government of India devoted no less than 53 million pounds (65 percent of the total budget of 82 million pounds) to the army and civil administration. Imperial service enabled the mainly southern, professional and public-school culture to reproduce itself abroad and also... create facsimiles among elites in the new colonies established. The Indians in the Civil Service were to be brought up as gentleman and an "Eton in India" was established, thereby perpetuating a political ruling class of Indians owing their position to England.[6] The native Indians in the Civil Service became the bridge by which Englishmen governed the masses or as the official Zachary Macaulay said in 1834, we "must do our best to form a class who may be interpreters between us and the millions whom we govern; a class of persons, Indian in blood and colour, but English in taste, opinions, in morals, and in intellect."[7] The Indian civil service (ICS) held nearly every senior, non-military, position in the government and through the creation of a new ruling caste, and propaganda, "invented an ideology of imperial service and amassed a scholarly literature in which India's history, society, economy and culture were interpreted as a story of chaos from which only the "steel frame" of Civilian [Indian Civil Service] rule had been able to save them."[8]
In 1885 after the founding of the Indian National Congress, native Indians began campaigning against the power of the Indian Civil Service by attacking it with a slogan that stressed the "unBritishness of British rule." In response, the Service rejected the idea of more Indians in its ranks, but instead offered concessions to allow more Indians in local legislative councils; however as the ICS integrated the councils, they carefully included members of different religions and castes to inhibit effectiveness and largely neutralise any check on their power.[8] In addition, membership to the legislative councils was by appointment, rather than election, and the councils were restricted to a consultative role.[9]
Political ManipulationEdit
The East India Company increased its power in India by playing local rulers off against each other and the declining Mughal Empire.
Lord Dalhousie, the Company Governor General between 1848 and 1856 established a principle, the Doctrine of Lapse, that if any princely state or territory under the direct influence (paramountcy) of the British East India Company would automatically be annexed if the ruler was either "manifestly incompetent or died without a direct heir".[10] This allowed the Company to remove rulers it viewed as troublesome.
After the Indian Mutiny and the transition of rule from the East India Company to the Crown, the British attempted to prevent future disturbances by strengthening indigenous elites in some regions of the colony and allowing them to rule local lands along supposedly traditional lines.[11]
Parallel developments affected the Indian Civil Service after the Company's system of patronage came to an end with Company rule; there was renewed effort to tie the Indian landholders to the princes and the Raj, endorsing their power and privilege, revitalising the nobility, and then tying it to the Queen by proclaiming her empress of India.[12] In this way, Britain increased the power of local nobility and made it known to them that their power came from the Queen. "Many of them [princes] owe their very existence to British justice and arms...The situation of these feudatory States, checker boarding all India as they do, is a safeguard. It is like establishing a vast network of friendly fortresses in debatable territory."[13] Also, to appease some of the nobles' concerns in the aftermath of the Indian Mutiny, princes were allowed to adopt heirs rather than have their estates automatically ceded to British control at their death.[14]
Direct and Indirect RuleEdit
Direct rule required replacing of pre-existing political institutions and replacing them with centralised, territory-wide, and bureaucratic legal-administrative institutions that were controlled by colonial officials.[15] Indirect rule was a form of colonial domination via collaboration with indigenous intermediaries who controlled regional political institutions.[15]
Colonial India was a mix of the two types of rule. While the Civil Service ran a large portion of the country, "in peripheral regions, chiefs, princes, sultans, and other indigenous leaders controlled "customary" legal-administrative institutions that were organised along patrimonial lines."[15] Leading colonial officials believed indirect rule was more adaptive and culturally sensitive, far superior to direct rule, in that indirect rule allowed for social development through gradual change from within rather than shattering the social fabric, producing opposition from the local populace.[16] Indirect rule is less confrontational and more collaborative, therefore a better means for domination.[16]
The colonial administration recognised around 600 semi-autonomous princely states, nominally advised by a British resident; the states possessed one quarter of the country's population.[17] British administrators also employed tax collectors and landlords even in the more "directly" ruled regions of the country and paid for the landlord's loyalty with large tracts of land and some power to collect taxes for personal use.[17]
When they didn't need to resort to martial strength, the East India Company, and later the British Foreign Office, Indian Civil Service or military resorted to bribery and tributes to woo local rulers. In the early 1800s they presented the ruler of the Punjab, Ranjit Singh, with five English dray horses, which would have been larger than any horse he had seen before, horses being one of his many loves.[18] When the state of Punjab eventually became aggressive in 1843, the British conquered it, taking Kashmir and putting it under a ruler more amenable to the British.[19] The Punjab was official annexed in 1849.[20]
ProxiesEdit
In the areas north of India, it was dangerous for a European to travel. The British military often used Indian trained cartographers and intelligence officers called pundits to scout for them.[21] These pundits often posed as Muslim or Buddhist holy men, with their map making tools disguised as prayer beads and a prayer wheel.[22] Political intelligence was passed to the Foreign Office through these pundits gathering topographical intelligence, and by British frontier officers.[23]
Religion as a tool of powerEdit
The Company banned some Hindu practices like sati and thuggee, which they found particularly abhorrent, and began to allow Hindu widows to remarry in 1856.[24] Governor-General Dalhousie had begun to allow Christian converts to inherit ancestral property starting in 1850.[20] Though overall, the East India Company men were not "eager to anglicise India, fearing to offend the educated class on whose support they depended, and arouse religious antagonism."[25] In 1813, though they had been forced to admit Christian missionaries, the Company tried to avoid being seen as a proponent of the missions.[25] A publication during the Indian Mutiny of 1857 states that the East India Company even manifested disfavour towards Christianity to obtain the confidence of Hindus.[26]
Examining religion from a more political aspect, the Company codified Muslim and Hindu law to take the flexibility out of the law's traditional practice, to strengthen the Company's indirect rule and entrench the local elites.[27] Initially, the British in the East India Company favoured the Hindus over the Muslims as government agents because the Hindus were generally less hostile to their presence; the Company systematically removed Muslims from positions of power over its tenure in India.[28] However, by 1893 Hindu power in the Indian National Congress was growing at rate disquieting to the British, so they reversed their traditional policies and began encouraging Muslims to enter the political process to make the body less effective.[29]
SubversionEdit
For much of the 18th and 19th centuries, political warfare and subversion were used by the Russians to destabilise British rule in India, as well as by the British to retain a hold on those conquered subjects. This political contest, largely using proxies, is called The Great Game. The term was coined by British officer Captain Arthur Conolly in the early 19th century and made famous by Rudyard Kipling's book Kim. The Game took place from the Caucuses to Tibet and south to India, with the wealth and control of India as the ultimate goal.[30]
In the 1857–58 Indian Mutiny of native soldiers serving in the armed forces of the East India Company, many British suspected Russian or Persian agents of having a hand in spreading rumours that sparked the conflict; the core of the rumours were that the British had smeared pig and cow fat on the ammo cartridges used by the sepoys.[31] The fat on the cartridges, which would have to be opened by mouth prior to being loaded into a rifle, would have spiritually desecrated the Muslim or Hindu soldiers.[20]
^ Cain, Peter (2001). British Imperialism: 1688–2000. 2nd ed. Longman. p. 94.
^ Kelly, Duncan (2009). Lineages of Empire: The Historical Roots of British Imperial Thought. Oxford University Press, USA. pp. 144–55.
^ Kelly, Duncan (2009). Lineages of Empire: The Historical Roots of British Imperial Thought. Oxford University Press, USA. p. 157.
^ Cain, Peter (2001). British Imperialism: 1688–2000. 2nd ed. Longman. p. 285.
^ Metcalf, Ideologies of the Raj, P50
^ Peter, Cain (2001). British Imperialism: 1688–2000. 2nd ed. Longman. pp. 286–88.
^ Stockwell, Sarah (2008). The British Empire: Themes and Perspectives. Wiley-Blackwell. p. 141.
^ a b Stockwell, Sarah (2008). The British Empire: Themes and Perspectives. Wiley-Blackwell. p. 12.
^ Smith, Simon (1998). British Imperialism 1750–1970. Cambridge University Press. p. 56.
^ Keay, John. India: A History. Grove Press Books, distributed by Publishers Group West. United States: 2000 ISBN 0-8021-3797-0, p. 433.
^ Lange, Matthew (2009). Lineages of Despotism and Development: British Colonialism and State Power. University of Chicago Press. p. 24.
^ Cain, Peter (2001). British Imperialism: 1688–2000. 2nd ed. Longman. pp. 287–88.
^ Lewis, Martin Deming (1965). The British in India: Imperialism or Trusteeship?. D.C. Heath and Company. p. 73.
^ a b c Lange, Matthew (2009). Lineages of Despotism and Development: British Colonialism and State Power. University of Chicago Press. p. 4.
^ a b Lange, Matthew (2009). Lineages of Despotism and Development: British Colonialism and State Power. University of Chicago Press. p. 5.
^ a b Lange, Matthew (2009). Lineages of Despotism and Development: British Colonialism and State Power. University of Chicago Press. p. 177.
^ Hopkirk, Peter (1992). The Great Game: The Struggle for Empire in Central Asia. Kodansha International. p. 133.
^ a b c Smith, Simon (1998). British Imperialism 1750–1970. Cambridge University Press. p. 53.
^ Hopkirk, Peter (1992). The Great Game: The Struggle for Empire in Central Asia. Kodansha International. p. 5.
^ a b Stockwell, Sarah (2008). The British Empire: Themes and Perspectives. Wiley-Blackwell. p. 6.
^ Embree, Ainslie (1963). 1857 in India Mutiny or War of Independence?. D.C. Heath and Company. p. 25.
^ Lewis, Martin Deming (1965). The British in India: Imperialism or Trusteeship?. D.C Heath and Company. p. 83.
^ Hopkirk, Peter (1992). The Great Game: The Struggle for Empire in Central Asia. Kodansha International. pp. 1–2.
^ Hopkirk, Peter (1992). The Great Game: The Struggle for Empire in Central Asia. Kodansha International. pp. 289–92.
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