text:
\section{Known Results on SBP SAT Schemes}
\label{sec:known-results}

In order to solve an ordinary differential equation (ODE)
\begin{equation}
\label{eq:ODE}
  \forall t \in (0,T)\colon u'(t) = f(t, u(t)),
  \qquad
  u(0) = u_0,
\end{equation}
a grid $0 \leq \tau_1 < \dots < \tau_s \leq T$ is introduced and the numerical
solution is approximated pointwise as $u_i = u(\tau_i)$ and $f_i = f(\tau_i, u_i)$.
Summation by parts (SBP) operators can be defined as follows, cf. \cite{svard2014review,
fernandez2014review, fernandez2014generalized}.
\begin{definition}
  An SBP operator of order $p \in \mathbb{N}$ on $[0, T]$ consists of
  \begin{itemize}
    \item
    a discrete operator $D$ approximating the derivative $D u \approx u'$ with
    order of accuracy $p$,

    \item
    a symmetric and positive definite discrete mass/norm matrix $M$ approximating
    the $L^2$ scalar product $u^T M v \approx \int_{0}^{T} u(t) v(t) \dif t$,

    \item
    and interpolation vectors $t_L, t_R$ approximating the interpolation to the
    boundary as $t_L^T u \approx u(0)$, $t_R^T u \approx u(T)$ with order of
    accuracy at least $p$, such that
  \end{itemize}
  \begin{equation}
  \label{eq:SBP}
    M D + D^T M = t_R t_R^T - t_L t_L^T.
  \end{equation}
\end{definition}

SBP operators mimic integration by parts discretely via the summation by parts
property \eqref{eq:SBP}.
An SBP time discretisation using a simultaneous approximation term (SAT) of
\eqref{eq:ODE} with parameter $\sigma \in \mathbb{R}$ is \cite{nordstrom2013summation,
lundquist2014sbp, boom2015high}
\begin{equation}
  D u = f + \sigma M^{-1} t_L \bigl( u_0 - t_L^T u \bigr).
\end{equation}
Most stability results have been achieved for the choice $\sigma = 1$, i.e.
\begin{equation}
\label{eq:discretisation}
  D u = f + M^{-1} t_L \bigl( u_0 - t_L^T u \bigr).
\end{equation}
Hence, this discretisation will be considered in the following.
The numerical solution at $t=T$ is given by $t_R^T u$, where $u$ solves
\eqref{eq:discretisation}. The interval $[0,T]$ can also be partitioned into
multiple subintervals/blocks such that multiple steps of this procedure are used
sequentially.

In order to guarantee that \eqref{eq:discretisation} can be solved for a dissipative
linear scalar problem, the following assumption is introduced \cite{nordstrom2013summation}.
\begin{assumption}
\label{assumption}
  For $\sigma > \frac{1}{2}$, all eigenvalues of $D + \sigma M^{-1} t_L t_L^T$
  have strictly positive real part.
\end{assumption}
The following characterisation of \eqref{eq:discretisation} as Runge-Kutta method
has been developed in \cite{boom2015high}.
\begin{theorem}
\label{thm:SBP-SAT-as-RK}
  If assumption~\ref{assumption} is satisfied, \eqref{eq:discretisation} is equivalent
  to an implicit Runge-Kutta method with the following Butcher coefficients,
  where $1$ denotes also the vector $(1, \dots, 1)^T \in \mathbb{R}^s$.
  \begin{equation}
  \label{eq:SBP-SAT-as-RK}
    A = \frac{1}{T} (D + M^{-1} t_L t_L^T)^{-1} = \frac{1}{T} (M D + t_L t_L^T)^{-1} M,
    \quad
    b = \frac{1}{T} M 1,
    \quad
    c = \frac{1}{T} (\tau_1, \dots, \tau_s)^T.
  \end{equation}
\end{theorem}
The factor $\frac{1}{T}$ is needed since Runge-Kutta coefficients are normalised
to the interval $[0,1]$.

In order to make this article sufficiently self-contained, some classical stability
properties of Runge-Kutta methods will be recalled briefly, cf.
\cite[sections IV.3 and IV.12]{hairer2010solving}.
The absolute value of solutions of the scalar linear ODE $u'(t) = \lambda u(t)$,
$u(0) = u_0 \in \C$, $\lambda \in \C$, cannot increase if $\Re \lambda \leq 0$.
The numerical solution after one time step of a Runge-Kutta method with Butcher
coefficients $A, b, c$ is $u_+ = R(\lambda \, \Delta t) u_0$, where
\begin{equation}
  R(z)
  =
  1 + z b^T (\operatorname{I} - z A)^{-1} 1
  =
  \frac{\det(\operatorname{I} - z A + z 1 b^T)}{\det(\operatorname{I} - z A)}
\end{equation}
is the \emph{stability function} of the Runge-Kutta method. The stability property
is mimicked discretely as $\abs{u_+} \leq \abs{u_0}$ if $\abs{R(\lambda \, \Delta t)}
\leq 1$.
\begin{definition}
  A Runge-Kutta method with stability function $R(z)$ is $A$-stable, if
  $\abs{R(z)} \leq 1$ for all $z \in \C$ with $\Re(z) \leq 0$.
  The method is $L$-stable, if it is $A$-stable and $\lim_{z \to \infty} R(z) = 0$.
\end{definition}
Hence, $A$-stable methods are stable for every time step $\Delta t > 0$ and
$L$-stable methods damp out stiff components corresponding to $\lambda = -x$
with large $x \in \mathbb{R}$ sufficiently fast.

Another classical stability property is connected with possibly nonlinear problems
\eqref{eq:ODE} in Hilbert spaces satisfying a \emph{one-sided Lipschitz condition}
\begin{equation}
\label{eq:one-sided-Lipschitz}
  \forall t,u,v\colon \quad
  \scp{f(t,u) - f(t,v)}{u - v} \leq \nu \norm{u - v}^2,
\end{equation}
where $\nu \in \mathbb{R}$ is the \emph{one-sided Lipschitz constant} of $f$. This condition
gives some bounds on the growth rate of the difference between two solutions. In
particular, the distance between two solutions cannot increase if $\nu \leq 0$.
\begin{definition}
  A Runge-Kutta method is $B$-stable, if the contractivity condition
  \eqref{eq:one-sided-Lipschitz} with $\nu \leq 0$ implies
  $\norm{u_+ - v_+} \leq \norm{u_0 - v_0}$ for all $\Delta t > 0$.
\end{definition}

The following stability properties have been obtained in \cite{lundquist2014sbp,
boom2015high}.
\begin{theorem}
\label{thm:SBP-SAT-stability}
  Suppose that assumption~\ref{assumption} holds.
  Then, the SBP SAT scheme \eqref{eq:discretisation} is $A$- and $L$-stable.
  If the mass matrix $M$ is diagonal, the scheme is also $B$-stable.
\end{theorem}

\section{Assumptions and Algebraic Stability}
\label{sec:assumptions_and_stability}

In this section, the new results of this short note concerning the necessity
of assumption~\ref{assumption} and the necessity of an SBP SAT form for stability
properties guaranteed by Theorem~\ref{thm:SBP-SAT-stability} are presented.

\subsection{Assumption on Eigenvalues of \texorpdfstring{$D + \sigma M^{-1} t_L t_L^T$}{D + σ M⁻¹ tₗ tₗᵀ}}

Assumption~\ref{assumption} has been proved for classical second order SBP operators
in \cite{nordstrom2013summation} and for SBP operators on Gauss, Radau, and Lobatto
quadrature nodes in \cite{ruggiu2018pseudo}. It has been examined numerically
for other classical finite difference SBP operators in \cite{nordstrom2013summation}.
Since assumption~\ref{assumption} holds for all known SBP SAT schemes investigated
in \cite{nordstrom2013summation, lundquist2014sbp, boom2015high, ruggiu2018pseudo},
it is interesting to know whether it follows from properties of SBP operators.
\begin{theorem}
\label{thm:assumption}
  There are SBP operators that do not satisfy assumption~\ref{assumption}.
\end{theorem}
\begin{proof}
  Consider the operators
  \begin{equation}
    D =
    \begin{pmatrix}
      -2 & 1 & 1 & 0 \\
      -1 & 0 & 0 & 1 \\
      -1 & 0 & 0 & 1 \\
      0 & -1 & -1 & 2 \\
    \end{pmatrix},
    \quad
    M = \frac{1}{4}
    \begin{pmatrix}
      1 & 0 & 0 & 0 \\
      0 & 1 & 0 & 0 \\
      0 & 0 & 1 & 0 \\
      0 & 0 & 0 & 1 \\
    \end{pmatrix},
    \quad
    t_L =
    \begin{pmatrix}
      1 \\ 0 \\ 0 \\ 0
    \end{pmatrix},
    \quad
    t_R =
    \begin{pmatrix}
      0 \\ 0 \\ 0 \\ 1
    \end{pmatrix},
  \end{equation}
  on the uniform grid with four nodes $0, \frac{1}{3}, \frac{2}{3}, 1$ in $[0,1]$.
  The SBP property \eqref{eq:SBP} is satisfied, $t_L$ and $t_R$ are exact, and
  $D$ is a first order accurate SBP derivative operator.
  However, $(D + \sigma M^{-1} t_L t_L^T) u = 0$ for $u = (0, -1, 1, 0)^T$.
  Thus, zero is an eigenvalue of $D + \sigma M^{-1} t_L t_L^T$ for all
  $\sigma \in \mathbb{R}$.
\end{proof}

\subsection{Algebraic Stability}

Many stability properties such as $A$- and $B$-stability are satisfied if the
following algebraic criterion is fulfilled by the coefficients of a Runge-Kutta
method \cite[Theorem~12.4]{hairer2010solving}.
\begin{definition}
  A Runge-Kutta method with Butcher coefficients $A, b, c$ is algebraically stable,
  if $\forall i\colon b_i \geq 0$ and the matrix $\operatorname{diag}(b) A + A^T \operatorname{diag}(b) - b b^T$
  is positive semidefinite.
\end{definition}
It has been noted in \cite{boom2015high} that an SBP SAT scheme \eqref{eq:discretisation}
with diagonal $M$ is algebraically stable, since the nodes $\tau_i$ are pairwise
distinct, i.e. the corresponding Runge-Kutta method is nonconfluent. In that case,
$B$- and algebraic stability are equivalent \cite[Corollary~12.14]{hairer2010solving}.
This can also be proved directly, cf. \cite[Theorem~5.8]{boom2015high}.

It is interesting to know whether all Runge-Kutta methods with stability properties
guaranteed by Theorem~\ref{thm:SBP-SAT-stability} can be constructed as SBP SAT
schemes.
Since those schemes are $L$-stable, the classical Gauss collocation schemes
(which are not $L$-stable) cannot be constructed in this way, cf. \cite{boom2015high}.
However, there is
\begin{theorem}
\label{thm:alg-L-stable-is-SBP}
  Consider a Runge-Kutta method and the statements
  \begin{enumerate}[label=\roman*)]
    \item \label{itm:RKM-properties}
    The Runge-Kutta method is $A$-, $L$-, $B$-, and algebraically stable with
    pairwise distinct nodes $c_i \in [0,1]$, only positive quadrature weights
    $b_i$, and invertible matrix $A$.

    \item \label{itm:SBP-SAT}
    The Runge-Kutta method is given via Theorem~\ref{thm:SBP-SAT-as-RK} by
    SBP SAT schemes \eqref{eq:discretisation} with at least first order accurate
    operators satisfying assumption~\ref{assumption}.
  \end{enumerate}
  Theorem~\ref{thm:SBP-SAT-stability} and the preceeding discussion show that
  \ref{itm:SBP-SAT} and ``$M$ is diagonal'' imply \ref{itm:RKM-properties}.
  However, \ref{itm:RKM-properties} does not imply \ref{itm:SBP-SAT}.
\end{theorem}
\begin{proof}
  The following example has been constructed using the $W$-transformation
  \cite[Sections~IV.5, IV.13, and~IV.14]{hairer2010solving}.
  Consider the Runge-Kutta method with coefficients
  \begin{equation}
    A = \frac{1}{48}
    \begin{pmatrix}
      27 & -33-6 \sqrt{6} & -3 & 9+6 \sqrt{6} \\
      -7+2 \sqrt{6} & 33 & -9-2 \sqrt{6} & -1 \\
      7 & 3+2 \sqrt{6} & 33 & -11-2 \sqrt{6} \\
      21-6 \sqrt{6} & 21 & -21+6 \sqrt{6} & 27 \\
    \end{pmatrix},
    \quad
    b = \frac{1}{8}
    \begin{pmatrix}
      1 \\ 3 \\ 3 \\ 1
    \end{pmatrix},
    \quad
    c = \frac{1}{3}
    \begin{pmatrix}
      0 \\ 1 \\ 2 \\ 3
    \end{pmatrix}.
  \end{equation}
  Then, the algebraic stability matrix $\operatorname{diag}(b) A + A^T \operatorname{diag}(b) - b b^T$
  has the eigenvalues $\frac{5}{8}$, $\frac{3}{8}$, and zero (twofold). Hence, the
  Runge-Kutta method is algebraically stable (because $b_i > 0$ is satisfied additionally)
  and therefore also $A$- and $B$-stable. Its stability functions
  \begin{equation}
    R(z)
    =
    \frac{\det(\operatorname{I} - z A + z 1 b^T)}{\det(\operatorname{I} - z A)}
    =
    \frac{12 - 18 z + 3 z^2 + 3 z^3}{12 - 30 z + 27 z^2 - 11 z^3 + 2 z^4},
  \end{equation}
  fulfils $\lim_{z\to\infty} R(z) = 0$. Thus, the scheme is also $L$-stable.

  It suffices to consider $T=1$. If the scheme is given by an SBP SAT method
  \eqref{eq:discretisation} via Theorem~\ref{thm:SBP-SAT-as-RK},
  $b = M 1$ and $A = (D + M^{-1} t_L t_L^T)^{-1}$.
  The SBP property \eqref{eq:SBP} yields
  $A^{-1} = - M^{-1} D^T M + M^{-1} t_R t_R^T$.
  Because of consistency, $D 1 = 0$ and $t_R^T 1 = 1$. Hence, $1^T M A^{-1} = t_R^T$.
  Inserting $M 1 = b$ results in
  \begin{equation}
  \label{eq:proof-tR}
    t_R
    =
    A^{-T} b
    =
    \frac{1}{16} \left(
      - 4 + \sqrt{6}, -\sqrt{6}, 12 - \sqrt{6}, 8 + \sqrt{6}
    \right)^T.
  \end{equation}
  Similarly, consistency of $D$ and $t_L$ implies
  \begin{equation}
  \label{eq:proof-tL}
    A^{-1} 1 = (D + M^{-1} t_L t_L^T) 1 = M^{-1} t_L
    \iff
    t_L = M A^{-1} 1.
  \end{equation}
  $t_R$ defined by \eqref{eq:proof-tR} is first order
  accurate, i.e. $t_R^T 1 = 1$ and $t_R^T c = 1$.
  The same accuracy of $t_L$ requires
  \begin{equation}
  \label{eq:proof-order}
    t_L^T 1 = 1,
    \quad
    t_L^T c = 0.
  \end{equation}
  Because of \eqref{eq:proof-tL}, $D$ can be written as
  \begin{equation}
  \label{eq:proof-D}
    D = A^{-1} - M^{-1} t_L t_L^T = A^{-1} - A^{-1} 1 t_L^T.
  \end{equation}
  Since $M \in \mathbb{R}^{4 \times 4}$ should be symmetric, it is determined
  by ten real parameters, e.g. $M_{11}$, $M_{12}$, $M_{13}$, $M_{14}$, $M_{22}$,
  $M_{23}$, $M_{24}$, $M_{33}$, $M_{34}$, $M_{44}$.
  $t_R$ is given explicitly by \eqref{eq:proof-tR}, $t_L$ depends linearly on
  $M$ via \eqref{eq:proof-tL}, and $D$ is given via an affine-linear function of
  $M$ in \eqref{eq:proof-D}.

  The accuracy conditions \eqref{eq:proof-order} are linear in $t_L$ and hence
  linear in $M$. They can be used to eliminate two parameters, e.g. $M_{11}$
  and $M_{12}$. Then, the SBP property \eqref{eq:SBP} is a system of 16 equations
  that are quadratic in the parameters $M_{ij}$.
  This system can be solved uniquely, which has been verified using the function
  \texttt{Reduce} of Mathematica~\cite{mathematica10}.
  For this unique solution, one eigenvalue of $M$ is zero. Thus, $M$ is not
  positive definite, in contradiction to the assumptions.
\end{proof}

\section{Classical Collocation Methods}
\label{sec:classical-collocation-methods}

In \cite{boom2015high}, it has been shown that the SBP SAT scheme with Lobatto
quadrature on four nodes corresponds to the classical Lobatto~IIIC method with
$s=4$. It has been mentioned that this is similar for the Radau~IA and
Radau~IIA schemes. However, to the authors knowledge, no general proof of this
result has been given up to now. To prove it, the classical conditions
\begin{align}
\label{eq:C}
  C(\eta) &\colon
  & \sum_{j=1}^s a_{i,j} c_j^{q-1} &= \frac{1}{q} c_i^q,
  && i \in \set{1, \dots, s},\; q \in \set{1, \dots, \eta},
  \\
\label{eq:D}
  D(\zeta) &\colon
  & \sum_{i=1}^s b_i c_i^{q-1} a_{i,j} &= \frac{1}{q} b_j (1 - c_j^q),
  && j \in \set{1, \dots, s},\; q \in \set{1, \dots, \zeta},
\end{align}
will be used.
\begin{theorem}
\label{thm:classical-collocation-methods}
  The SBP SAT scheme \eqref{eq:discretisation} using left Radau, right Radau, or
  Lobatto quadrature correspond to the classical Radau~IA, Radau~IIA, or Lobatto~IIIC
  Runge-Kutta methods for all orders of accuracy.
\end{theorem}
\begin{proof}
  It suffices to consider the case $T = 1$, i.e. the time interval $[0,1]$.

  The weights and nodes of the left Radau quadrature (left endpoint $0$ included)
  are the weights $b_i$ and nodes $c_i$ of the Radau~IA method. The matrix $A$
  of the Radau~IA method is determined uniquely by the condition $D(s)$,
  i.e. $D(\zeta)$ with $\zeta = s$ in \eqref{eq:D}
  \cite[section~IV.5]{hairer2010solving}. Hence, it suffices to prove that the
  SBP SAT method satisfies $D(s)$, which can be written using $M = \operatorname{diag}(b)$ as
  \begin{equation}
    A^T M c^{q-1} = \frac{1}{q} M (1 - c^q)
    \iff
    q M c^{q-1} = A^{-T} M (1 - c^q),
  \end{equation}
  where the exponentiation $c^q$ is performed pointwise. Inserting $A$ from
  \eqref{eq:SBP-SAT-as-RK} yields
  \begin{equation}
    q M c^{q-1} = (D^T M + t_L t_L^T) (1 - c^q).
  \end{equation}
  This is equivalent to
  \begin{equation}
    \forall v\colon \quad
    q v^T M c^{q-1} = v^T (D^T M + t_L t_L^T) (1 - c^q),
  \end{equation}
  where $v$ is any polynomial of degree $\leq s-1$, evaluated at the nodes $c_i$.
  Since the left endpoint~$0$ is included,
  \begin{equation}
    v^T t_L t_L^T (1 - c^q) = v(0) \, (1 - 0^q) = v(0).
  \end{equation}
  The Radau quadrature is exact for polynomials of degree $\leq 2s-2$. Hence,
  for every $q \in \set{1, \dots, s}$,
  \begin{equation}
    q v^T M c^{q-1}
    =
    q \int_0^1 v(t) t^{q-1} \dif t
  \end{equation}
  and (using integration by parts)
  \begin{equation}
    v^T D^T M (1 - c^q)
    =
    \int_0^1 v'(t) (1 - t^q) \dif t
    =
    - v(0) + q \int_0^1 v(t) t^{q-1} \dif t,
  \end{equation}
  proving $D(s)$.

  The weights and nodes of the right Radau quadrature (right endpoint $1$ included)
  are the weights $b_i$ and nodes $c_i$ of the Radau~IIA method. The matrix $A$
  of the Radau~IIA method is determined uniquely by the condition $C(s)$,
  i.e. $C(\eta)$ with $\eta = s$ in \eqref{eq:C}
  \cite[section~IV.5]{hairer2010solving}. Hence, it suffices to prove that the
  SBP SAT method satisfies $C(s)$, which can be written using $M = \operatorname{diag}(b)$ as
  \begin{equation}
    A c^{q-1} = \frac{1}{q} c^q
    \iff
    q M c^{q-1} = M A^{-1} c^q,
  \end{equation}
  where the exponentiation $c^q$ is again performed pointwise. Inserting $A$ from
  \eqref{eq:SBP-SAT-as-RK}, this is equivalent to
  \begin{equation}
    \forall v\colon \quad
    q v^T M c^{q-1} = v^T (M D + t_L t_L^T) c^q,
  \end{equation}
  where $v$ is any polynomial of degree $\leq s-1$, evaluated at the nodes $c_i$.
  Using the SBP property \eqref{eq:SBP}, this can be rewritten as
  \begin{equation}
    \forall v\colon \quad
    q v^T M c^{q-1} = v^T (-D^T M + t_R t_R^T) c^q.
  \end{equation}
  Since the right endpoint~$1$ is included,
  \begin{equation}
    v^T t_R t_R^T c^q = v(1) \, 1^q = v(1).
  \end{equation}
  Using the exactness of the Radau quadrature for polynomials of degree $\leq 2s-2$,
  for every $q \in \set{1, \dots, s}$,
  \begin{equation}
    q v^T M c^{q-1}
    =
    q \int_0^1 v(t) t^{q-1} \dif t
  \end{equation}
  and (using integration by parts)
  \begin{equation}
    - v^T D^T M c^q
    =
    - \int_0^1 v'(t) t^q \dif t
    =
    - v(1) + q \int_0^1 v(t) t^{q-1} \dif t,
  \end{equation}
  proving $C(s)$.

  Finally, the weights and nodes of the Lobatto quadrature (left and right endpoints
  $0,1$ included) are the weights $b_i$ and nodes $c_i$ of the Lobatto~IIIC method.
  The matrix $A$ of the Lobatto~IIIC method is determined uniquely by the condition
  $C(s-1)$ and $a_{i,1} = b_1, i \in \set{1, \dots, s}$ \cite[section~IV.5]{hairer2010solving}.
  Since the order of accuracy of the SBP operator is $s-1$, $C(s-1)$ is satisfied
  \cite[Lemma~5.3]{boom2015high}. This can also be proved using similar manipulations
  as above. Hence, it remains to show $a_{i,1} = b_1, i \in \set{1, \dots, s}$.
  Since $D$ is exact for constants, $t_L = (1, 0, \dots, 0)^T$, and
  $M = \operatorname{diag}(b_1, \dots, b_s)$,
  \begin{equation}
    (D + M^{-1} t_L t_L^T) 1 = 0 + M^{-1} t_L = b_1^{-1} t_L.
  \end{equation}
  Therefore,
  $
    (a_{i,1})_{i=1}^s = A t_L = (D + M^{-1} t_L t_L^T)^{-1} t_L = b_1 1,
  $
  proving $a_{i,1} = b_1, i \in \set{1, \dots, s}$.
\end{proof}

\section{Strong Stability Preservation}
\label{sec:SSP}

Another desirable stability property of time integration methods is that they
are strong stability preserving (SSP), i.e. that they preserve convex stability
properties of the explicit Euler method \cite{gottlieb2011strong}.
\begin{definition}
  A numerical time integration method is called strongly stable for a given
  convex functional $\eta$ if $\eta(u_+) \leq \eta(u_0)$, possibly using some
  time step restriction of the form $0 < \Delta t \leq \Delta t_\mathrm{max}$.

  A numerical time integration method is called strong stability preserving with
  SSP coefficient $c > 0$, if $\eta(u_+) \leq \eta(u_0)$ for all time steps
  $0 < \Delta t \leq c \, \Delta t_E$ whenever the explicit Euler method is strongly
  stable for the convex functional $\eta$ and time steps $0 < \Delta t \leq \Delta t_E$.
\end{definition}
Typical convex functionals $\eta$ considered for SSP methods are the norm in a
Hilbert space for dissipative operators or the total variation seminorm for
semidiscretisations of scalar conservation laws.
\begin{theorem}
\label{thm:SSP}
  No SBP SAT scheme \eqref{eq:discretisation} whose SBP operator has a diagonal
  norm matrix, satisfies assumption~\ref{assumption}, and
  \begin{enumerate}[label=\alph*)]
    \item is either at least second order accurate
    \item or is at least first order accurate and contains at least one of the
          end points $0, 1$ in the nodes $c_i$
  \end{enumerate}
  can be strong stability preserving.
\end{theorem}
\begin{proof}
  An SSP scheme must satisfy $\forall i,j \in \set{1, \dots, s}\colon a_{i,j} \geq 0$
  \cite[Observation~5.2]{gottlieb2011strong}.

  If the SBP operator is at least second order accurate, the corresponding Runge-Kutta
  method satisfies $C(2)$ \cite[Lemma~5.3]{boom2015high}, i.e.
  $\sum_{j=1}^s a_{i,j} = c_i$ and
  $\sum_{j=1}^s a_{i,j} c_j = \frac{1}{2} c_i^2$
  for $i \in \set{1, \dots, s}$.
  Subtracting the second equation from the first one multiplied by $c_i$ yields
  \begin{equation}
    \sum_{j=1}^s a_{i,j} (c_i - c_j) = \frac{1}{2} c_i^2,
    \quad
    i \in \set{1, \dots, s}.
  \end{equation}
  If $a_{i,j}$ were non-negative, the left hand side would be non-positive
  for $i=1$ (since $c_j \geq c_1$) and thus zero. Hence, the first row of $A$
  would be zero, which is impossible, because $A$ is invertible.

  If the SBP operator is at least first order accurate, the corresponding Runge-Kutta
  method satisfies $C(1)$ and $D(1)$ \cite[Lemma~5.3 and Lemma~5.4]{boom2015high}, i.e.
  \begin{equation}
    \sum_{j=1}^s a_{i,j} = c_i,
    \; i \in \set{1, \dots, s},
    \qquad\qquad
    \sum_{i=1}^s b_i a_{i,j} = b_j (1 - c_j),
    \;
    j \in \set{1, \dots, s}.
  \end{equation}
  If the left endpoint $0 = c_1$ is contained in the nodes, non-negativity of
  all $a_{i,j}$ and $C(1)$ imply $\forall j \in \set{1,\dots,s}\colon a_{1,j} = 0$.
  Similarly, if the right endpoint $c_s = 1$ is contained in the nodes, non-negativity of
  all $a_{i,j}$ and $D(1)$ imply $\forall i \in \set{1,\dots,s}\colon a_{i,s} = 0$.
  But $A$ cannot have a zero row or column because it is invertible.
\end{proof}
\begin{remark}
\label{rem:SSP}
  Classical finite difference SBP operators and those based on Radau or Lobatto
  quadrature include at least one endpoint and can thus not result in SSP schemes.
  The SBP SAT scheme \eqref{eq:discretisation} on two Gauss nodes does not contain
  an endpoint and has a first order accurate derivative operator. Nevertheless,
  the scheme is not SSP, since the corresponding matrix
  $A$ has a negative entry.
\end{remark}

\begin{example}
\label{ex:SSP}
  There is a first order accurate SBP operator with diagonal norm matrix not
  including any boundary node such that the resulting Runge-Kutta method given
  by Theorem~\ref{thm:SBP-SAT-as-RK} is SSP. Indeed, choose $T=1$ and
  \begin{equation}
  \begin{gathered}
    D = \frac{1}{128}
    \begin{pmatrix}
      -2079 & 3646 & -1567 \\
      271 & -1054 & 783 \\
      -479 & 446 & 33 \\
    \end{pmatrix},
    \quad
    M = \frac{1}{4}
    \begin{pmatrix}
      1 & 0 & 0 \\
      0 & 2 & 0 \\
      0 & 0 & 1 \\
    \end{pmatrix},
    \quad
    t_L =
    \begin{pmatrix}
      3 \\ -3 \\ 1
    \end{pmatrix},
    \quad
    t_R = \frac{1}{16}
    \begin{pmatrix}
      -15 \\ 14 \\ 17
    \end{pmatrix},
    \\
    c = \frac{1}{4}
    \begin{pmatrix}
      1 \\ 2 \\ 3
    \end{pmatrix},
    \quad
    A = (D + M^{-1} t_L t_L^T)^{-1} = \frac{1}{\num{20000}}
    \begin{pmatrix}
      2725 & 2180 & 95 \\
      4390 & 5512 & 98 \\
      3495 & 6796 & 4709 \\
    \end{pmatrix}.
  \end{gathered}
  \end{equation}
  The operators $D, t_L, t_R$ are exact for polynomials of degree one,
  assumption~\ref{assumption} has been verified numerically for $\sigma \in (1/2,2)$,
  $A$ and $b$ have only non-negative entries, and the scheme is strong stability
  preserving with SSP coefficient $\approx 1.35$, computed using NodePy \cite{nodepy}.
\end{example}

\section*{Acknowledgements}

This work was supported by the German Research Foundation (DFG, Deutsche
Forschungsgemeinschaft) under Grant SO~363/14-1.
We acknowledge support by the German Research Foundation and the Open Access
Publication Funds of the Technische Universität Braunschweig.
The author would like to thank the anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments
and valuable suggestions to improve this article.


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text:
Pop Physique Suddenly Closed Several Of Its Barre Studios And Refused To Give Refunds For Classes
"I felt like they would send out a promotion, people would buy them, and then they would close the studio."
By Stephanie K. Baer
Stephanie K. Baer BuzzFeed News Reporter
Last updated on May 3, 2019, at 6:35 p.m. ET
Posted on May 2, 2019, at 9:30 p.m. ET
Alamy Stock Photo
A woman stretches before Pop Sculpt class at Pop Physique in Baltimore on Feb. 5, 2013.
Sarah Tuttle wanted to know why instructors were leaving and classes were disappearing from the schedule at the trendy Pop Physique fitness studio she once frequented in San Francisco's Russian Hill neighborhood.
"I hope everything's okay," Tuttle wrote in a Dec. 10, 2018, email to the barre studio.
Staff assured her everything was fine — new instructors were being trained and more fitness classes would be added soon. So she bought a pack of 21 classes for $185.
A few weeks later, the studio closed without notice.
Tuttle is one of about a dozen women who told BuzzFeed News that they purchased packages of classes ranging from $45 to $200 shortly before Pop Physique suddenly shut down studios in San Francisco, Los Angeles, and New York City, but were unable to get refunds.
"It's just the principle of it," said the 31-year-old. "I feel like they should pay for that because it's their fault."
Attempts to get their money back over the last two years have been drawn out, unanswered, or rejected by the fitness studio chain, which has shrunk from around 20 locations across the US in 2016 to just four studios today — one of which Pop Physique recently agreed to vacate.
Most women said they only learned that their studio had shuttered when they checked the class schedule and found it empty. And while many said they felt blindsided by the closures, court records and interviews with former employees suggest Pop Physique's owners knew for months that they would have to shut down several locations over legal and financial troubles.
Over the last few years, the company has struggled to compensate staff and stopped paying rent at multiple locations, records and interviews show. Pop Physique currently owes more than $1 million in court judgments to former landlords and a loan company, according to court records.
"They're probably not refunding people because they just don't have the money," a former employee told BuzzFeed News. "I'm shocked it still exists at all."
Ringo Chiu / Alamy Stock Photo
Jennifer Williams, cofounder of barre fitness studio Pop Physique in downtown Los Angeles.
Pop Physique, the fitness and barre workout studio, was founded by former professional dancer Jennifer Williams and her husband, Deric Williams, in Los Angeles in 2008. Jennifer Williams told BuzzFeed News in a phone interview earlier this month that she wanted to create a safe space for women to "make them feel stronger and make them feel confident in their bodies," and was drawn to the exercise techniques developed by Lotte Berk, whose method has served as the basis for many barre franchises.
Barre classes, like Pop Physique, are full-body workouts that incorporate elements of ballet and low-impact, high-intensity exercises to strengthen and tone muscles. The fitness classes have exploded in popularity in the last decade, attracting a clientele of mostly women.
With all the options out there, former clients and instructors said they favored Pop Physique because of its more affordable prices and unique branding.
The chain is known for its eye-popping billboards and building exteriors plastered with images of lounging women in leotards and sculpted backsides in bright-colored bikini bottoms. Sandwich board signs with the words "Nice Butt" welcome customers inside. The studio's stylish interiors feature wallpapers with cherries and fishnets.
"The workout itself was really, really great," said Tuttle. "I've taken lots of barre classes at other studios, like Pure Barre, and I would say I prefer Pop Physique. I like the hardwood floors, the music — it was a cute brand."
Via Instagram: @undefined
After finding success with their first studio in Los Angeles's Silver Lake neighborhood, the Williamses decided to expand, opening additional studios on their own and through partnerships with teachers and licensees, who independently operated Pop Physique locations in Southern California, Florida, Baltimore, Atlanta, and Toronto.
Today just the Silver Lake studio, two locations in New York City, and a franchise in San Marino, California, remain open.
Jennifer Williams blamed the bulk of the business's troubles on a lawsuit filed in 2016 by the landlord for a Pasadena studio she and her husband had opened, and unexpected construction that kept Pop Physique out of its flagship New York City studio for nearly a year.
"It's a very sort of sad tale of capitalism extremes," the cofounder and creator told BuzzFeed News. "If I have a company and I'm sued, then I have to pay for it no matter if I'm right or wrong — there's no assistance there. So one could spend all of your money fighting something that is principally wrong, which is what happened to us."
Records and interviews show Pop Physique sold class packages to customers at locations that were in the process of eviction and, in some cases, sold packages the day before or even after studios shut down.
The former Pop Physique location in the Russian Hill neighborhood of San Francisco in 2014.
In San Francisco, the property owner for the Russian Hill studio filed an unlawful-detainer complaint against Pop Physique on Nov. 30, 2018, to evict the business after it failed to pay rent and other charges for three months.
A former instructor told BuzzFeed News that three past-due-rent letters were delivered to the studio during that time.
"When we sent it to Jen she ... told us not to worry," she said. "'Everything's taken care of'; 'Rent's being paid'; 'We're not getting evicted.'"
Tuttle ultimately purchased her last package of classes for the studio around Jan. 3 — more than a month after the landlord sued Pop Physique. By Jan. 23, Pop Physique was gone, according to the court records.
Tuttle repeatedly asked for a refund through mid-March, to no avail. Now, more than three months after the studio's closure, she and other clients may be able to use their outstanding class packages at another barre studio.
"Had I known the location was closing, I never would have purchased a package."
In response to BuzzFeed News' inquiry, Williams said another fitness studio in San Francisco, Pure Barre, has agreed to honor outstanding class packages purchased by clients at the former Pop Physique location in Russian Hill.
But in order to participate in the deal, clients need to pay a $50 enrollment fee and commit to a minimum of two months at Pure Barre, according to an email announcing the offer.
Tuttle said she'd still prefer to have her money refunded.
"Had I known the location was closing, I never would have purchased a package," said another former client who bought 10 classes for $180 at the Upper East Side studio in New York City days before it closed in November.
The client, who wished to remain anonymous, told BuzzFeed News she purchased the package after receiving an email from Pop Physique promoting the deal.
"I'm not kidding you. Two days later or even a day later I got an email, 'Hey, this location is closing," she said. "Literally, the transaction hadn't even finished being processed."
While the Upper East Side customer eventually managed to get a refund from her credit card company, most who spoke with BuzzFeed News sought refunds for up to $185 but never saw their money again.
Many women said that instead of fulfilling their refund requests, Pop Physique offered to transfer their classes to another location, often far from where they lived or worked — a tough sell for most Angelenos and New Yorkers.
Instagram: @undefined
Lyndsay Phillips tried to make it work.
After the Studio City studio she attended for more than four years closed in October 2017, Phillips drove across town to Silver Lake.
"It was like a two-hour ordeal to take a 55-minute class," the 39-year-old woman told BuzzFeed News. "I was barely making it on time. I was so frustrated — I was like, 'This isn't going to work.'"
She asked for a refund for the 10 classes left in her account and was told it would be taken care of.
"One of the receptionists actually looked at me dead in the eye — she was like, 'OK, we took care of it. It's been refunded to your card,' but it was just a lie," Phillips said.
Amber Ike purchased a five-class pack for $45 to use at the Westside Los Angeles location on May 16, 2018 — only to find out the studio had been closed for weeks.
"As soon as I bought the package, I immediately got on the app and went to try to book a class for that week," Ike told BuzzFeed News. "There weren't any classes available."
Court records show that Pop Physique failed to pay rent, late fees, and interest for the Westside space for eight months, prompting the property owner to file an unlawful-detainer complaint in February 2018. By mid-April, the business had vacated the premises, emails show.
"Why was I able to buy this package when my location had closed?" the 29-year-old Culver City resident asked. "They apologized and said that they could move my passes to a different location, and I said it's a little inconvenient, but sure. I don't want these to go to waste."
Pop Physique staff transferred Ike's package to a studio in LA's Larchmont neighborhood, but when she tried to take a class there a few months later, she learned that location had also closed its doors.
For months Ike asked for a refund, but staff stopped responding to her emails.
"Why was I able to buy this package when my location had closed?"
Others had a similar experience.
"I felt like they would send out a promotion, people would buy them, and then they would close the studio," said 33-year-old Los Angeles resident Susan Merwin, who frequented the Studio City and Westside locations.
When asked about clients not receiving refunds, Williams said she did not know why their requests had not been honored. Many studios were independently operated, she stressed, adding that she and her husband sold the company-owned locations before they closed as a result of the Pasadena lawsuit.
She declined to provide information about which locations the Williamses owned, in whole or in part, and when and to whom they sold the studios.
"It's not my decision and it's not my ... I can't pay them out of my personal money when I don't own that location, but it's never what Pop Physique has stood for and it's not what I would do," she said. "I do know that many refunds have been done."
In a follow-up email, Williams said clients have always had the ability to use their classes at another location.
"Many had discounted packages that expired before a studio closed and find themselves confused regarding thinking they are due a refund," she wrote.
Women who worked at Pop Physique studios in Los Angeles and San Francisco said they weren't surprised that clients haven't been able to get their money back.
Four former instructors and one front-desk employee, all of whom spoke on the condition of anonymity, said Williams struggled to pay them on time and sometimes resorted to making payroll through app platforms like Venmo or Zelle.
She would give employees excuses for late paychecks, saying they were lost in the mail or were delayed because of a holiday, according to one former instructor.
"It was just very, very fishy," said the employee, who taught at the Russian Hill studio in San Francisco for almost two years.
The instructor, who asked to remain anonymous to avoid any backlash from the owners, told BuzzFeed News she once refused to teach after her paycheck was late for the third pay period in a row. She quit shortly thereafter.
Another former employee who worked at the front desk at multiple studios in Los Angeles in 2017 said she occasionally had to borrow money from her parents to make ends meet because of the late paychecks.
"I'm a millennial living paycheck to paycheck," she said. "I can't wait."
But Williams told BuzzFeed News that all employees who worked at studios she owned were paid appropriately.
"To our knowledge, all employees were compensated in a timely fashion in good faith and in accordance with the law," she said.
A Pop Physique location in New York City.
Now the fate of Pop Physique's studio in New York City's NoMad neighborhood is up in the air after the company agreed to vacate the space by April 30, according to court records filed in March.
Williams said they were in negotiations "to keep the studio remaining and operating in its current format," adding that "the court record has nothing to do with the continuance other than the liability and our names remaining on the lease."
According to Pop Physique's website, classes were canceled Wednesday through Sunday at the studio. In an email to staff Friday, Pop Physique said it would need to keep the NoMad location closed "for a short period of time" while new owners sign a lease with the landlord.
"We expect to be open again within two weeks," the email said.
Meanwhile, the founders are focused on growing the business again.
Last year the Williamses filed documents to officially make Pop Physique a franchise company and have since been flooding clients' inboxes with offers to open studios in more than 30 states.
Williams, who said she doesn't own any of the studios that remain open, occasionally teaches at the Silver Lake studio and is listed as president of the new franchise company in documents filed with the state of California as recently as January. She said that new franchisees have already signed agreements to open studios in neighborhoods where Pop Physique locations had previously operated and that expired packages from former clients would be honored at the new studios.
Although Pop Physique wasn't registered to sell or offer franchises in California until 2018, the Williamses began licensing the brand and workouts in 2011, according to state business records and three women who used to own studios in the Los Angeles area. Since then, all but one of the original locations that were operated by licensees or partners have closed.
A former operator of two Pop Physique studios in Southern California who did not want to be named called the plans to open new franchise locations "scary," but hoped the founders had learned from their past mistakes.
"I hope these poor people who are getting involved know what they're doing," she said. "Maybe they've changed — maybe they're in so much financial trouble that they have to change, and that would be a good thing." ●
Stephanie Baer is a reporter with BuzzFeed News and is based in Los Angeles.
Contact Stephanie K. Baer at stephanie.baer@buzzfeed.com.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
SYNONYM

#### According to
The Catalogue of Life, 3rd January 2011

#### Published in
Agric. Univ. Wageningen Pap. 85-1:53. 1985

#### Original name
null

### Remarks
null

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
StartUp Insider
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Raman Mehta, CIO, Visteon Corporation
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Elliot Garbus, VP-IoT Solutions Group & GM-Automotive Solutions Division, Intel
Sanjay Ravi, Sr. Director-Worldwide Manufacturing, Microsoft
Joachim Klink, Director, Automotive Industry Architect & PLM/MES Offering Manager, HP Enterprise Services
Dr. Sven A Beiker, Executive Director, Center for Automotive Research at Stanford (CARS)
Kelly Knepley, VP Global IT, Maxion Wheels
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Axel Schiller, Marketing Director, Automotive Division, Micron Technology
Ford Motor Company didn't invent the automobile, but with the introduction of the Model T in 1908, they began a revolution that changed the world. Through manufacturing efficiencies, strong design, and rugged construction, the "Tin Lizzie" revolutionized more than just how people moved from point A to point B. It transformed cities, industries and cultures.
For all their importance, cars really haven't changed that much over the last century in terms of purpose or functionality. This is not to say that cars are simple. In fact, cars are incredibly complex, as well as cleaner, safer, and more reliable; but the formula for success has remained consistent over time. That is, up until the last two decades, when advancements in mobile computing and semiconductors—the now ubiquitous computer chip—started transforming vehicles in ways that would have seemed improbably futuristic even a few years ago. Today the automotive industry is on the cusp of a second revolution. Unfortunately, policy leaders in the US, and elsewhere, are way behind in developing the policy and regulatory environment to make this revolution possible. While many will resist any government involvement, the reality is that without clearly defined rules, the autonomous vehicle will never reach its full potential.
The car of tomorrow is coming to life more quickly than anyone imagined. Technologies like cameras to gather and process data to enable the driver and vehicle to respond more quickly and efficiently have already been integrated into vehicles and are resulting in a safer driving experience. And multiple vehicle manufacturers predict that we are only a few short years away from mass-production of vehicles that can fully drive themselves. These advancements create opportunities for personal use, as well as fleet usage for entire cities. The Japanese government has challenged their car makers to put self-driving taxi fleets on the roads for the 2020 Olympic Games in Tokyo. In addition, in August, Uber announced their first self-driving fleet will take to the streets in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania—taking a step toward reaching their goal of replacing Uber's more than 1 million human drivers with robot drivers—as quickly as possible.
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There are significant benefits in having all vehicles and related infrastructure connected to the IoT; however, there is also significant risk. How can we mitigate the risks of future cyber-attacks as vehicles become more connected? Hacking a car and stealing private information seems trivial when compared to the threat of having someone take control of the car from the outside and putting lives in danger.
It has been two decades since General Motors introduced OnStar, the first automotive telematics system, and a decade since BMW offered the first in-vehicle Apple iPod connectivity. While these developments were disruptive during their respective times, the pace and momentum of technology innovation in the last 10 years has accelerated and is changing the way cars are conceived, designed, manufactured, serviced and driven. From insurance to urban planning, to safety and security, autonomous vehicles in the IoT will have a significant impact on the way our economy—in fact, our society—works.
It is imperative that automotive industry players and state, federal, and international governing bodies join forces now to set the legal framework for this major transition, while technology advancements continue. Putting policies in place will protect people, while enabling this transition to a new automotive era.
The 'New Style of IT' Decides the Race for the Connected Car
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Technology Driving the Future of Automotive Innovation
Re-Think Tomorrow's Car: The Convergence of Automotive and IoT
THE IT AGENDA WILL NEVER BE LESS CROWDED THAN IT IS TODAY: NOW IS THE TIME FOR MOBILE-FIRST TRANSFORMATION OF HEALTHCARE
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Insights for Enriching Community Service
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How is Technology Influencing Education?
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Technology - the ROI driver for Food and Beverages Industry
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As much as my friends and I love the Monthly DIY Challenge, not all of our challenges are a success! Some challenge themes are quite difficult to work with, and this month was pretty tricky!! This month we worked with air dry clay. We've come up with some pretty cool projects, but some of us have some lessons learned to share, so be sure to check the rest of the projects out at the bottom of this post!!
See my full disclosure policy.
I'm fairly pleased with how my project turned out, but I still found air dry clay to be difficult to use. I was expecting the ease of playdough, but it just wasn't the same! I definitely recommend doing a little research to find tips and tricks on working with it before you take on an air dry clay project! I'm happy to share what I learned!
For my project, I decided to make some wall decor for my son's bathroom. We plan on doing a nautical theme because it's fitting for kids and guests. I decided to make some hanging clay fish. My idea was inspired by these adorable coastal wooden fish at Target.
First, I lined my work space with wax paper. I flattened a large chunk of air dry clay on top of it, and then covered it with an additional piece of wax paper to keep it from sticking to my rolling pin. I rolled it out smooth and tried to get the thickness as even as possible. It's important to make it thick enough that it won't crack or curl as it is drying, however, making it too thick can increase drying time and make it heavy!
Then I pressed a fish shaped cookie cutter into the clay. I used a butter knife to scrape away the excess clay, but you can also buy a tool set for working with clay if you prefer not to use your kitchenware.
To make the hole to hang the fish from, I used the end of a beater from a hand mixer! I'm all for using what you have on hand, but if you work with clay often, these clay hole cutters would probably come in handy.
I also made a clay bead by rolling a ball of clay in my palms and then poking the beater through the middle of it.
After you cut out the shapes, if you have uneven areas or sharp edges, put your finger in a little bit of water and lightly smooth it over the surface of the clay. You don't want to over-saturate it, but you can easily smooth out small imperfections with a drop of water!
The clay must dry for 24-48 hours. It helps to flip it over halfway so that it dries all the way through.
Once dry, I gave all of the fish two coats of white acrylic paint.
Then I painted three stripes down the middle with navy blue paint. I allowed the lines to be imperfect to add to the coastal feel. I also painted the clay bead blue.
I used twine to hang the fish. I wanted the knots to have a nautical vibe, so I asked my husband to help me create a knot inspired by a fisherman's knot. To create the knot, first, you thread some jute twine through the hole, and then wrap the twine around itself a few times.
Then thread the end of the twisted twine back through the loop at the bottom.
Pull the twine tightly through the bottom loop.
Then, I tied it off with a regular knot to keep it secure and make it a little more decorative. Cut off any excess twine.
I created the same knot for each fish and then, staggering the lengths of the twine, I tied all three together with an ordinary knot.
I threaded the painted clay bead onto the twine right above the knot.
Then, I created a hook for hanging the decorative fish by making a loop and tying it off right above the clay bead. I cut some of the excess twine off, but I liked the look of a little bit hanging down, so I ended up leaving a few inches.
I think it turned out pretty cute, and I can't wait to get started on the bathroom so I can get them hung up!
Ready for more air dry clay projects? See my friends' projects below!
Want to see more of our Monthly DIY Challenge projects? Click the logo below! Interested in sponsoring one of our challenges? Contact me through my contact form!
This is SO adorable! I love the blue stripes!
I am obsessed with these fish. I am TOTALLY making them for my mom. She will flip over them. Thanks for the awesome idea, Nicole!
This is such a creative idea, Nicole! Love the added detail of the painted bead at the top.
I love these little fishies!! Such cute decor! And your knotting is amazing - the perfect finishing touch!
I love these! I was just admiring the Target ones last week. Never thought to make them myself! I love how you knotted the jute. Such a nice touch!
These are perfect for a nautical bathroom! I can't wait to see how the rest of it turns out!


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News health
Shortage of dialysis needles, lost printers and a missing mannequin cited in Hampton VA report
Hugh Lessig
A federal audit has faulted the Hampton VA Medical Center for mistakes in tracking and managing supplies on everything from dialysis needles to printers that went missing for two years.
The Department of Veterans Affairs Inspector General issued a dozen recommendations in its 52-page report, which was prompted by a confidential hotline complaint in August 2018.
The complaint alleged the hospital was mismanaging equipment and medical supplies. An audit team made two unannounced visits to Hampton later in 2018 before issuing its findings.
The hospital "submitted acceptable corrective action plans for all recommendations," according to Larry M. Reinkemeyer, assistant IG for audits and evaluation, who wrote a summary of the findings.
The supply-chain problems found at Hampton — which included inaccurate inventories and inability to locate some supplies — have been discovered in other VA hospitals, too.
"VA facilities worldwide should consider implementing the recommendations contained within this report," Reinkemeyer wrote.
In a statement emailed to the Daily Press, current Executive Director David Collins — who was not leading the facility at the time of the audit — said Hampton takes the findings seriously. The plans it developed are meant to quickly address the problems.
"It is important to note that the inspection did not identify any findings that negatively impacted patient care," he said, "nor was there evidence of fraud, waste or abuse by the Hampton VA Medical Center."
The audit team visit
At Hampton, auditors inspected a warehouse and a second-floor storage room and found problems in both areas.
In the storage room, which was unmarked, they inspected 139 items with an estimated value of $760,330. All had inaccurate inventory information, "which explained why the facility staff were unable to locate some of the items the OIG (Office of Inspector General) team found," the audit states.
Forty-nine of those 139 items were not listed in the proper inventory system, such as batteries and scales. Five items had been reported as lost or stolen, including a mannequin, stretcher and scales. Another seven were mistakenly labeled as "turned in," which meant they were no longer needed.
The team found nine unused printers still in boxes, valued at about $4,300. The printers were part of an initiative by the VA's Mid-Atlantic Healthcare Network to improve pharmacy automation. Asked why the printers were not installed, pharmacy officials said another department, biomedical engineering, was responsible for that.
A biomedical engineering official told auditors the printers were initially not approved for connection to the network.
"However, he further stated that the printers could not be found between October 2016 and October 2018," the audit states.
The auditors also sampled equipment from seven locations to check the inventory with what was on the shelf. Although an inventory system was in place, the staff did not effectively use it, the auditors said.
To investigate this, the team selected seven rooms that contained medical supplies, examining 78 items in all. They found that Hampton failed to consistently use a system called Generic Inventory Package (GIP) to track and automatically replenish supplies.
A supply technician said he would manually check supplies because he couldn't rely on the GIP system. He believed the hospital staffers "placed too many overnight orders, commonly for dialysis, and have had to request an overnight order to rectify a shortage of certain needles used for dialysis."
The technician said he's driven to the VA medical center in Richmond, about a 170-mile round trip, to alleviate supply shortages.
Excess supplies also were found.
Auditors noted 320 tubing sets used to administer intravenous fluid and medications from a syringe. Inventory data showed 119 of these sets on hand. The normal stock level is 50, so the hospital had both wrong inventory information and an extra 270 tubing sets with an estimated value of $91,500.
Audit cites turnover, staff shortages
Staff shortages and lack of oversight led to breakdowns in managing inventory, the audit states.
The hospital's Logistics Service had 42 authorized full-time positions, but 10 were vacant as of October 2018. The vacant positions were considered important to inventory management. The department had four chief logistics officers over two years. A warehouse also had staffing shortages.
The Hampton report echoed similar findings from Inspector General audits at other VA medical centers. That included the veterans' hospital in Washington, D.C., and a broader study that examined the transition between different inventory-management systems across the VA.
Those audits found inaccurate inventories that led to supplies being under- or overstocked and discrepancies between inventory data and what was actually available.
"This further demonstrates the issues were not isolated to the Hampton VA Medical Center, since the OIG identified similar problems at other facilities," the audit states.
Some of the responses from Hampton are relatively straight-forward, such as assigning a number to the unmarked second-floor room with equipment that wasn't properly inventoried.
Others involve revising procedures, conducting walk-through inspections of storage areas and additional training.
The medical center has also developed a staffing plan to fill vacancies and limit the effect of turnover.
Hugh Lessig, 757-247-7821, hlessig@dailypress.com


The best questions are directly relevant to Affiliated Sante Group.
The work environment is safe and accommodating. The culture is very suitable for me. Non-Autocratic.
Typical. Send in resume, etc and go in for interview, wait to get the call that you are hired, get preliminary work done (like tb shot), so not quickly but not cumbersome either.


The Department of American Studies on October 1 welcomed Dee Dee Sharp to GW, where she spoke to a room packed with members of the GW community. Dee Dee Sharp, with her hit single "Mashed Potato Time", was America's first black female teen idol and is an inspiration to many. Prof. Gayle Wald moderated the discussion in which Dee Dee reflected on her career and life.


text:
AAUP - UI Chapter
AAUP Response to Harreld and Faculty Council
College and University Governance: The University of Iowa Governing Board's Selection of a President
Statement of Support
University of Iowa Presidential Search
About the AAUP
Join the AAUP!
Files and Docs
History of the AAUP
Need AAUP Help?
AAUP History & Background
The American Association of University Professors was founded in 1915 by John Dewey, A.O. Lovejoy, and other eminent scholars because they felt that the quality of higher education in America depended on the extent to which the faculty, as highly-trained professionals, maintained primary control over teaching, scholarship, and faculty governance.
One of the fledgling organization's first undertakings was to formulate principles and standards for a tenure system that would protect the academic freedom of professors in teaching, research, and governance. That formulation, the 1915 Declaration of Principles on Academic Freedom and Academic Tenure, provided the first effective defense of academic freedom in American higher education.
In the last ninety years, the AAUP has continued to promote academic excellence by advocating for the highest professional standards. The traditions of tenure, academic freedom, due process, and shared governance, which have contributed to making our colleges and universities the best in the world, were all established by the AAUP, and have been kept alive and strengthened by its activities.
Academic Freedom and Due Process
The definitive exposition of principles that supports this country's model tenure system is the AAUP's 1940 Statement of Principles on Academic Freedom and Tenure. The 1940 Statement has been endorsed by over 200 scholarly and educational organizations. A superb collection of resources on academic freedom is available on the AAUP's website.
To assist colleges and universities in developing their own policies supporting academic freedom and tenure, the AAUP has developed recommended standards and policies. Among these, the most important are the Procedural Standards in Faculty Dismissal Proceedings (1958), Procedural Standards in the Renewal or Nonrenewal of Faculty Appointments (1989 rev.) and Recommended Institutional Regulations on Academic Freedom and Tenure (2006 rev.).
Statement on Government of Colleges and Universities. Jointly formulated in 1966 by the Association of Governing Boards (AGB), the American Council on Education (ACE), and the AAUP, this document contains the definitive exposition of the concept of shared governance.
"What Is Shared Governance Anyway?" The essence of the 1966 Statement is explained.
"The End of Shared Governance: Looking Ahead or Looking Back." In this 2003 conference paper, Robert Birnbaum, a scholar of educational policy and leadership, affirms the utility of shared governance as defined in the Statement on Government. His conclusion:
"There is no doubt that, as its critics suggest, faculty participation in shared governance will have the effect of making it more difficult to change the programs and purposes of higher education. Whether this is a good thing or a bad thing is a matter of ideology. The faculty are the primary upholders of the academic culture, and so those that give precedence to the idea of a university as an academic institution—who believe with [the English poet John] Masefield that 'there are few earthly things more splendid than a university'—are likely also to continue to believe in the importance of shared governance. The basic question to ask is not whether we want to make governance more efficient, but whether we want to preserve truly academic institutions. If the answer is affirmative, then shared governance is the essential precondition."
The Role of the Faculty in the Accrediting of Colleges and Universities. A set of guidelines and recommendations for applying the principles of shared governance to the process of institutional accreditation.
The national AAUP website includes additional resources on governance.
The University of Iowa AAUP chapter maintains this web site. Opinions expressed by individual contributors to the site represent their personal views and are not necessarily positions of the chapter or any other entity. Opinions expressed by the chapter do not necessarily represent the views of the national AAUP or any other entity.


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☰ Menu | 🔍 Search // Main // 🖖 Prayers & Praxes // 🌔 Prayers for the Moon, Month, and Festival Calendar // Pilgrimage Festivals (Ḥagim/Regalim) // Pesaḥ // 7th Day of Pesaḥ
Glory to God! Whose Outstretched Hand – a hymn for Pesaḥ by Penina Moïse (Ḳ.Ḳ. Beth Elohim 1842)
Aharon N. Varady (transcription), Ḳahal Ḳadosh Beth Elohim (Charleston, South Carolina) and Penina Moïse
4 November 2021 under the Creative Commons Zero (CC 0) Universal license a Public Domain dedication
19th century C.E., 57th century A.M., English vernacular prayer, South Carolina, hymns, AABBCC rhyming scheme
https://opensiddur.org/?p=40440 Glory to God! Whose Outstretched Hand – a hymn for Pesaḥ by Penina Moïse (Ḳ.Ḳ. Beth Elohim 1842) 2021-11-04 10:53:03 "Glory to God! whose outstretched hand," by Penina Moïse, published in 1842, appears under the subject "Passover (Pasach)" as Hymn 69 in Hymns Written for the Service of the Hebrew Congregation Beth Elohim, South Carolina (Penina Moïse et al., Ḳ.Ḳ. Beth Elohim, 1842), pp. 72-73. Text the Open Siddur Project Aharon N. Varady (transcription) Aharon N. Varady (transcription) Ḳahal Ḳadosh Beth Elohim (Charleston, South Carolina) Penina Moïse https://opensiddur.org/copyright-policy/ Aharon N. Varady (transcription) https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ 7th Day of Pesaḥ 19th century C.E. 57th century A.M. English vernacular prayer South Carolina hymns AABBCC rhyming scheme
Glory to God! whose outstretched hand,
Hath smitten Pharaoh's mighty band.
Let songs through all the tribes resound,
Ransom for Israel hath been found;
A refuge from the scourge and chain,
A shield from the oppressor's reign.
The Red Sea is in triumph past;
Praise to the ruler of the blast!
At whose strong breath the waves rolled by,
And left the deep foundation dry.
Behold the pride of Egypt checked,
Her princes, priests, and warriors wrecked.
In vain to helpless gods they plead
For succor in the hour of need;
No Providence like ours they know,
To make the flood its prey forego;
Rider and steed in terror sink,
While Judah gains the desert's brink.
Sole King of heaven and earth, protect,
The residue of thy elect!
Let piety redeem their souls,
Whom sin in fearful bondage holds!
Oh Israel! hear her angel-tone,
And bow before One God alone!
"Glory to God! whose outstretched hand," by Penina Moïse, published in 1842, appears under the subject "Passover (Pasach)" as Hymn 69 in Hymns Written for the Service of the Hebrew Congregation Beth Elohim, South Carolina (Penina Moïse et al., Ḳ.Ḳ. Beth Elohim, 1842), pp. 72-73. –Aharon Varady
"Glory to God! Whose Outstretched Hand – a hymn for Pesaḥ by Penina Moïse (Ḳ.Ḳ. Beth Elohim 1842)" is shared by the living contributor(s) with a Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication 1.0 Universal license.
Ḳahal Ḳadosh Beth Elohim (Charleston, South Carolina)
Ḳahal Ḳadosh Beth Elohim (Hebrew: קהל קדוש בית אלהים, also known as Ḳ.Ḳ. Beth Elohim, or more simply Congregation Beth Elohim), founded in 1749 in Charleston, South Carolina, is one of the oldest Jewish congregations in the United States. The founding members of the synagogue were Jews of Spanish and Portuguese descent (Sepharadim), who arrived into Charleston via London, England. Before 1830 Ḳahal Ḳadosh Beth Elohim was a place of worship for Spanish and Portuguese Jews using Portuguese rituals as done in Portugal before the Spanish and Portuguese inquisitions. A splinter group animated by the European Reform movement, the Reformed Society of Israelites, formed in 1824. While at first this group did not succeed in reforming Beth Elohim, by the mid 1830s Beth Elohim had reabsorbed its members and its ḥazzan, Gustavus Poznanski (1804–1879), joined the Reform camp in 1840. After the first synagogue building was destroyed by fire in 1838, it was rebuilt two years afterward (in a Greek Revival style designed by Cyrus L. Warner) with an organ to the chagrin of the traditionalists. Ḳahal Ḳadosh Beth Elohim is recognized as the oldest Reform Jewish congregation in the Americas.
Penina Moïse
Penina Moïse (1797-1880) was born to a large and wealthy family in Charleston, South Carolina, the progeny of her merchant father, Abraham Moïse (1736-1809), originally from Strasbourg in Alsace, France, and her mother Sarah from the Jewish community on the Caribbean island of Sint Eustatius in the Netherlands Antilles. Her brother, also named Abraham, was a leader in the Reformed Society of Israelites, and so we imagine she was closely associated with the reformist wing of the congregation it wished to and ultimately succeeded in reforming, Ḳ.Ḳ. Beth Elohim. Moïse wrote at least 187 prayers for Beth Elohim's hymn books published in 1842 and in 1856. Moïse was also a gifted teacher and, in 1845, became head of Beth Elohim's religious school. Moïse was a prolific writer, earning praise for her 1833 collection of poems, Fancy's Sketch Book, as well as her articles for various newspapers across the country. After the Civil War, she returned to Charleston and ran an academy with her sister and niece. Though her eyesight eventually deteriorated into blindness, she continued to work and write until the end of her life. (This short biographical sketch includes material adapted from her entry in the Jewish Women's Archive by Jay M. Eidelman.)
Glory to God! whose outstretched hand – Penina Moïse Cohen (1842) – cropped
Please reciprocate for any adaptation or redistribution of this work by (1) properly attributing the work to Aharon N. Varady (transcription), Ḳahal Ḳadosh Beth Elohim (Charleston, South Carolina) and Penina Moïse, (2) clearly indicating the date you accessed the resource and whether any changes have been made (and if so, please be in touch with us and leave a comment below so that we might note your adaptation or improvement), (3) providing a link back to this source, and (4) specifying the Creative Commons Zero (CC 0) Universal license a Public Domain dedication under which this work was shared.
God of the Earth, the Air, the Sea – a hymn for Pesaḥ by Penina Moïse (Ḳ.Ḳ. Beth Elohim 1842)
[Prayer] for the Last Days of Passover, by Rabbi Moritz Mayer (1866)
Oh King of Glory When We Contemplate, a hymn on Divine Mercy by Penina Moïse (Ḳ.Ḳ. Beth Elohim 1842)
Oh! Thou Whose Shrine the Sweetest Incense Bears, a hymn on "Charity" by Penina Moïse (Ḳ.Ḳ. Beth Elohim 1842)
Into the Tomb of Ages Past, a hymn for Rosh haShanah by Penina Moïse (Ḳ.Ḳ. Beth Elohim 1842)
I Lift Mine Eyes Unto the Hills (Psalms 121), a hymn to Hope in God by Cordelia Moïse Cohen (Ḳ.Ḳ. Beth Elohim 1842)
In God, the Holy, Wise, and Just – a hymn on Omniscience by Penina Moïse (Ḳ.Ḳ. Beth Elohim 1842)
« God of the Earth, the Air, the Sea – a hymn for Pesaḥ by Penina Moïse (Ḳ.Ḳ. Beth Elohim 1842)
שיר של מרים הנביאה | The Song of Miriam, a petiḥah by Rabbi Ruth H. Sohn (1981) »


Read some quotes from Dr. Deming, you may find you agree.
Any manager can do well in an expanding market.
Innovation comes from the producer – not from the customer.
Lack of knowledge… that is the problem.
Learning is not compulsory… neither is survival.
Profit in business comes from repeat customers, customers that boast about your product or service, and that bring friends with them.
When a system is stable, telling the worker about mistakes is only tampering.


The FDA Food Safety Modernization Act (FSMA) was signed into law by President Barack Obama in 2011. This enables the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to provide oversight, ensure compliance with requirements, and respond effectively to problems. FSMA also enables the FDA with new tools. A mandated, risk-based inspection frequency is now established for food facilities. This gives the FDA international reach. After one year of enactment, the FDA must inspect at least 600 foreign facilities, and double those inspections every year for the subsequent five years. In addition to this, the FDA will have access to records, including food safety plans. All food testing is now carried out by accredited labs.
While the FDA's responsibilities have increased, funding has not. FSMA's enactment would require an initial $583 million boost in spending. As of the 2016 Fiscal Year, Congress' new budget would allocate $104.5 million which would only reduce the gap to $172 million. Currently, President Trump's budget included an increase of $25.3 million to the FDA. Simply put, the resources are not there. Even if adequate funding were available, the FDA was engaged in other activities the past year that prevented them from doing the required amount of inspections. For instance, responding to food recalls and collecting food samples.
FSMA inspections do not just affect food companies. Large retailers, food transporters, food processors and their suppliers are all under the scope of FSMA. If a business falls into one of these categories, there are steps to take to reach compliance. The first step in compliance would be designation of a FSMA Qualified Individual, FSMA Auditor, and Sanitation Manager. Ensure these individuals have been trained in risk-based preventative controls. Then, determine what FSMA rules apply to the facility. If a rule does not apply, that needs to be justified in the food safety plan. Once a team is established, any potential hazards must be identified and evaluated. These hazards can be biological, pertaining to sanitation, transportation, raw materials and equipment. Some hazards can be specific to the facility, such as the grounds, structure, cleanliness of non-contact surfaces, plumbing and HVAC sanitation, and proper labeling and storage of non-food chemicals. The supply chain can contain hazards, too. Are the suppliers' facilities routinely audited? Have they implemented preventative controls? FSMA preparation does not end here. For a business or company to be successful, employee involvement from the c-suite extending to departments company-wide needs to occur, so participation at all levels can take place. As FSMA evolves, long-term learning and ongoing awareness is a must.
Businesses are not alone in this process. EMMA International can help guide you through meeting FSMA guidelines and requirements, and maintain your compliance as the law evolves. Meeting FSMA requirements will help businesses remain trustworthy in the eyes of the FDA and, importantly, their customers.
Have a question that wasn't answered here? Give us a call at (248) 987-4497 or email info@emmainternational.com.


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The Greatest, Saddest Super Bowl Ever
Feb-6-2017, 07:25:02 GMT –Slate
Sports are supposed to be zero sum. There are 32 NFL teams, and 31 of them--that's 97 percent, Falcons fans--finish each year without the pleasure of sticking a big, fat trophy in Roger Goodell's face. The Patriots, who've won five Super Bowls in the past 15 years, are not normal. The success of Tom Brady and Bill Belichick and their rotating cast of skill-position players and pass rushers and defensive backs is a crazy outlier. New England's victory on Sunday night--one in which they overcame a 25-point deficit; the largest previous Super Bowl comeback was 10 points--was an outlier among outliers.
Feb-6-2017, 07:25:02 GMT
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Working with the digital balance team has been pivotal in the successful launch of the eVolution brand and LMS solution.
eVolution Hair and Beauty Learning focus on providing high-quality elearning throughout the UK from amateur to professional standard. As industry professionals, with a passion for hair and beauty, they are a fresh and modern company.
eVolution Hair and Beauty Learning needed a brand identity and website creating that allowed users to follow a consistent journey to access responsive learning content in a LMS environment, in a familiar and accessible way. The LMS needed to be scalable, flexible and offer an engaging user experience.
We designed and developed a brand identity for eVolution, and started with the web site design and development. We then applied the responsive and engaging persona to the LMS (learning management system). The subscriptions provided by eVoultion offer multiple levels of account access and reporting, the LMS solution we deliver and continue to support allows the freedom and flexibility the client needed.


DeMille, which began production about the time Caille Brothers manufactured the Caille Silent.
Besides meeting a demand for them, they make great stands for the slots!
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It's not often one gets to flail one's legs aboard an aircraft.
Someone stole 5 chairs from the front of your hours at the 4th of july parade????
Yes! We didn't tell you that? Must've been preoccupied with handing out menus.


of our special friends so they can run and play together.
stops and looks into the distance. His bright eyes are intent; His eager body quivers.
after she returned home from the hospital.
all that much more special to our family.
leaving a tremendous hole in my heart.
He was one of the last things I had to hold on to that Amy adored so much.
Rainbow Bridge exists, that Ian and Amy are there together.
Between Heaven and Rainbow Bridge is where my heart resides.


Check out some photos as we compete at the Florida Blue Key tournament!!
deBAYte wins back-to-back state championships!
Debayte took a fabulous crew of 32 debayters to the Florida State Competition this past weekend. We are so excited to report that we won the overall State Championship, defended our state championship title in policy debate, and won state champion titles in extemporaneous speaking, impromptu, and informative speaking. Specifically, the debate teams of Valentina… Continue reading deBAYte wins back-to-back state championships!


I love mermaids and always have. I know I'm hardly alone in this sentiment, or else why would #Mermay exist?
When I was a kid, and before Mulan came along, The Little Mermaid was my favorite movie of all time. I would watch it over and over and over again, singing along to the songs, happily enjoying myself in what I now know to be a special interest. As I grew older, the story of the little mermaid stuck with me, and I connected with Ariel on yearning for freedom and adventure away from her home. It was comforting to know that I wasn't alone in that feeling.
As an adult, my special interest has waned significantly– or rather has morphed into different interests, but mermaids have never left me. If I find myself struggling with what to draw, I always find my pencil sketching out the curves of a plump mermaid with long, elegant fins and a huge mass of floating hair. There's something about the flow of their bodies, their inseparable bond with water and nature that I find spiritually and emotionally freeing. It hearkens to my primal desires to be deeply in tune with the natural world.
The featured image on this post is of an intersex merperson who uses they and she pronouns, and I love this one because this merperson embraces their everything in abundant ways: hair for days, stubble all over, full breasts, plenty of fat rolls. She has a facial expression of fullness and serenity that brings me joy to see. I hope she brings you joy, too!
I'm planning to try to post on this blog about once a week if I can, maybe once every other week. If you want to see more of my work without waiting for each post, feel free to check out my shop section or head over to my Instagram! Also be sure to subscribe to my newsletter for updates and goodies!
Thanks for reading, and I hope you have a good day!


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"This is the Agenda of White Nationalists": The Squad Condemns Trump's Racist Remarks
And calls for impeachment again.
Reps. Rashida Tlaib (D-Mich.), Ilhan Omar (D-Minn.), Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez (D-N.Y.), and Ayanna Pressley (D-Mass.), conduct a news conference in the Capitol responding to negative comments by President Trump on Monday, July 15, 2019.Tom Williams/CQ Roll Call/Zuma
The four progressive women of color targeted in President Donald Trump's racist Twitter diatribe fought back on Monday afternoon by urging their supporters to stay focused on more important issues.
"Do not take the bait," said Rep. Ayanna Pressley (D-Mass.) in a packed Capitol press conference. Pressley went on to call the president's "xenophobic, bigoted remarks" a "disruptive distraction" from "the callous, chaotic, corrupt culture of this administration."
On Sunday, President Trump tweeted that "'Progressive' Democrat Congresswomen'"—referring to Pressley, Reps. Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez (D-N.Y.), Ilhan Omar (D-Minn.), and Rashida Tlaib (D-Mich.)—"originally came from countries whose government are a complete and total catastrophe" and told them to "go back and help fix the totally broke and crime infested places from which they came." Three of the four women were born in the United States with the exception of Omar, who is a naturalized American citizen.
In her remarks, Pressley did not address the president by name, simply calling him the "occupant of the White House" because "he does not embody the grace, empathy, integrity that office requires." But she quickly switched gears from the tweets, asking Americans to instead retrain their focus on the issues before Congress: high prescription drug costs, the affordable housing crisis, and the unsanitary and unsafe conditions at migrant detention centers.
Omar, for her part, took the opportunity to highlight the president's past bigoted remarks. "This is a president who has said 'Grab women by the pussy,'" Omar said, referring to the infamous 2005 Access Hollywood recording. "This is a president who calls black athletes 'sons of bitches.'" To Omar, his behavior amounts to "the agenda of white nationalists—whether it's happening in chat rooms or happening in national TV," Omar said. "Now it's reached the White House garden."
Omar concluded her comments with a call to impeach the president, who she said has made a "mockery of our constitution." Reps. Ocasio-Cortez and Tlaib echoed her.
Trump has repeatedly criticized members of the "squad" since they took office earlier this year, taking the lead from members of his party who have replaced House Speaker Nancy Pelosi with AOC as their favored boogeyman. The four congresswomen were back in the headlines this week when long-simmering tensions with Pelosi boiled over into public view when Pelosi minimized their influence during an interview with the New York Times. "I'm sure Nancy Pelosi would be very happy to quickly work out free travel arrangements!" Trump concluded in his Twitter thread, referring to the feud.
When Ocasio-Cortez took the microphone, she said she was "not surprised" by Trump's racist comments, particularly in the wake of "authorized raids across this country," referring to the 2,000 undocumented immigrants targeted in Immigration and Customs Enforcement raids conducted in nine cities on Monday.
"We'll stay focused on our agenda, and we won't get caught slippin'," Ocasio-Cortez said. "Weak minds and leaders challenge loyalty to our country in order to avoid debating the policy."


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Q: How to move selected item from one default list to another defalut list This is code, i have so far, so i want to move selected item from one list to another, Even i don't know , like in the second list, i need to getElement or addelement...
please help me..you can just explain me, what can i do to move one element from list to another, by giving an example
 //this is the code, just to the set the position
GridBagConstraints gridConstraints;
citiesLabel.setText("Destination City");
gridConstraints = new GridBagConstraints();
gridConstraints.gridx = 0;
gridConstraints.gridy = 0;

// below code is also set the position of the list

gridConstraints.insets = new Insets(10, 0, 0, 0);
getContentPane().add(citiesLabel, gridConstraints);
citiesScrollPane.setPreferredSize(new Dimension(150, 100));
citiesScrollPane.setViewportView(citiesList);
gridConstraints = new GridBagConstraints();
gridConstraints.gridx = 0;
gridConstraints.gridy = 1;
gridConstraints.insets = new Insets(10, 10, 10, 10);
getContentPane().add(citiesScrollPane, gridConstraints);

**This is my first list , which have all the values , that i want to move**

 final DefaultListModel citiesListModel = new DefaultListModel();
citiesListModel.addElement("San Diego");
citiesListModel.addElement("Los Angeles");
citiesListModel.addElement("Orange County");
citiesListModel.addElement("Ontario");
citiesListModel.addElement("Bakersfield");
citiesListModel.addElement("Oakland");
citiesListModel.addElement("Sacramento");
citiesListModel.addElement("San Jose");
citiesListModel.addElement("San Francisco");
citiesListModel.addElement("Eureka");
citiesListModel.addElement("Eugene");
citiesListModel.addElement("Portland");
citiesListModel.addElement("Spokane");
citiesListModel.addElement("Seattle");
citiesList.setModel(citiesListModel);
citiesList.setSelectedIndex(0);

// this code sets the position of the selected list
 SecondLabel.setText("Selected Cities");
gridConstraints = new GridBagConstraints();
gridConstraints.gridx = 1;
gridConstraints.gridy = 0;

gridConstraints.insets = new Insets(10, 0, 0, 0);
getContentPane().add(SecondLabel, gridConstraints);
SecondScrollPane.setPreferredSize(new Dimension(150, 100));
SecondScrollPane.setViewportView(SecondList);
gridConstraints = new GridBagConstraints();
gridConstraints.gridx = 1;
gridConstraints.gridy = 1;
gridConstraints.insets = new Insets(10, 10, 10, 10);
getContentPane().add(SecondScrollPane, gridConstraints);

**This is my second list, which is empty, where i want to the moved value..**

DefaultListModel citiesListModel1 = new DefaultListModel();
citiesListModel1.addElement("aa");
citiesListModel1.addElement("");
citiesListModel1.addElement("");
citiesListModel1.addElement("");
citiesListModel1.addElement("");
citiesListModel1.addElement("");
citiesListModel1.addElement("");
citiesListModel1.addElement("");
citiesListModel1.addElement("");
citiesListModel1.addElement("");
citiesListModel1.addElement("");
citiesListModel1.addElement("");
citiesListModel1.addElement("");
citiesListModel1.addElement("");
SecondList.setModel(citiesListModel1);
SecondList.setSelectedIndex(0);

    **This is  the button,for help me move selected city, from first list**
AssignButton.setText("Add Cities");
gridConstraints = new GridBagConstraints();
gridConstraints.gridx = 0;
gridConstraints.gridy = 2;
gridConstraints.insets = new Insets(0, 0, 10, 0);
getContentPane().add(AssignButton, gridConstraints);
AssignButton.addActionListener(new ActionListener()
{
  public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e)
  {
  }
});

A: First, your second model don't need a bunch of empty elements (unless you intend to allow the use to move items into a specific location).
In you assign action listener, you will want to check what elements are selected and then simply add the, to your second lists model.
Use JList#getSelectedValuesList to get a List of the selected values from the first list.  Simply interate through the list and add each element to the second list.
Depending on your needs, you can either remove the selected items from the first list or provide a check to determine if the items already exists in the second list

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Dupré Logistics announced the appointment of Raoul Siclait as Chief Financial Officer. Siclait is replacing the company's current CFO Doug Place, who is retiring after 22 years with Dupré.
"We conducted an extensive search over the past several months looking for the 'needle in a haystack' person that has the combination of financial acumen, strong leadership to support our growth, and people skills to motivate our team members as we reinforce Dupré as 'the ideal place to work'. We found that in Raoul. His joining our team is a strategic benefit to us and our customers," said Reggie Dupré, president and CEO.
Siclait joins Dupré Logistics after 23 years from Ryder System where he held a variety of leadership positions in finance and accounting. Raoul is relocating from Miami where he obtained his Masters and Bachelor of Business Administration from Florida International University. He reports to Mr. Dupré and is a member of the Dupré executive management team.
"I am excited to join a company that has significant growth opportunities. The Dupré team of highly experienced professionals whose focus on customers and employees that regularly results in long-term relationships is one I look forward to being a part of." commented Siclait.


Today, UGI accepted the terms and conditions of the Pennsylvania Public Utility Commission's Tentative Order regarding the Allentown incident that occurred on February 9, 2011.
In its letter, UGI expressed its deepest sympathies to the Hall and Cruz families who lost loved ones, and to all members of the Allentown community who were affected by the incident. UGI also committed to maintain its focus on the Company's infrastructure improvement program, and to continue to work collaboratively with the PUC to ensure the safe delivery of energy to UGI's customers, and the many communities it serves.
A copy of the letter submitted to the PUC is attached.