text:
That 70s Movie: Fashion on Film
As "American Hustle" digs into the disco era of polyester and plunging necklines, WWD takes a look at some of the Seventies' most fashionable films.
By Lauren McCarthy Plus Icon
Lauren McCarthy
Recent Articles by Lauren McCarthy
ACE Awards Honor Swarovski, 'Empire'
Monica Vinader Lands at Nordstrom, Saks
Vita Fede Moves to New York
December 5, 2013, 12:01am
"Klute," 1971: From her bangs to her bag, it was nothing but fringe for Jane Fonda in this murder mystery.
"Lady Sings the Blues," 1972: Billie Holiday was pure glamour in her slinky stagewear dripping in shine.
"Foxy Brown," 1974: Pam Grier mixed action and sex appeal to the blaxploitation film, showing off "a whole lot of woman" in a white bikini.
"The Great Gatsby," 1974: Ralph Lauren took on the Twenties, designing the film's sharp menswear — including Gatsby's famous shirts.
"The Stepford Wives," 1975: The satire depicted suburbia as a plasticized portrait of fussy dresses, picture hats and a full face of perfect makeup.
"Taxi Driver," 1976: Adolescent prostitute Jodie Foster hops in Robert De Niro's cab wearing HotPants, platforms and a floppy hat — a look that would inspire Marc Jacobs' spring 2011 collection.
"All the President's Men," 1976: The political thriller inspired a generation of intrepid journalists, who adopted the rolled-up shirt sleeve as a badge of honor.
"Saturday Night Fever," 1977: For the disco classic, costume designer Patrizia von Brandenstein exaggerated the Seventies look with John Travolta's perfectly cheesy white suit.
"Annie Hall," 1977: Diane Keaton's men's wear-inspired wardrobe helped usher in an era of androgynous style.
RELATED STORY: Do the Hustle: 70's Fashion Comes to the Big Screen >>


text:
Храм Успения Пресвятой Богородицы — католический храм в городе Курск. Административно относится к Архиепархии Матери Божией (с центром в Москве), возглавляемой архиепископом митрополитом Паоло Пецци. Расположен по адресу: ул. Марата, д. 31. В храме регулярно проводятся органные концерты.

История

В 1859 году курская католическая община, состоящая из примерно тысячи верующих, обратилась с просьбой разрешить строительство храма. Разрешение было получено лишь в конце XIX века, до этого службы велись в небольшом молитвенном доме. Строительство храма Успения началось в 1892 году и закончилось через четыре года, в 1896 году. Храм возведён в неоготическом стиле с двумя башнями-шпилями, с 27 позолоченными крестами, расположенными на портале и по бокам храма, богато украшен мозаикой.

В храме Успения Богоматери венчался и крестил дочь знаменитый художник Казимир Малевич.

После революции 1917 года храм некоторое время функционировал, однако в 1938 году был закрыт, настоятель и активисты прихода расстреляны. Большая часть утвари была уничтожена и разграблена. В здании сначала открыли антирелигиозный музей, затем разместили склад. В 1970 году здание отреставрировано (во время войны в одну из башен попала бомба) и в нём разместился Дом культуры.

Восстановление нормальной деятельности Католической церкви в России началось в 1990-х годах. В 1993 году в Курске зарегистрирована католическая община, в 1997 году здание храма возвращено церкви. В 2006 году приходская община торжественно отмечала 110-летие храма.

Летом 2016 года началось строительство нового приходского дома, который располагается на территории храма (ул. Марата, д. 33). Работой руководил настоятель монсеньор Петер Фидермак. Весной 2017 года строительство завершено. Также под руководством отца Петера обустроена территория вокруг дома. В октябре 2017 года приходской дом назван в честь святого Петра.

11 ноября 2018 года приход возглавил отец Кшиштоф Буяк.

Храм Успения Богородицы на дореволюционных почтовых открытках

Литература

Ссылки
 Официальный сайт прихода

Успения
Курск
Курск
Достопримечательности Курской области
Неоготическая архитектура России

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Twenty One Pilots To Play "Most Famous Stage In Television"
Live from New York it's Tyler and Josh!
Twenty One Pilots are set to play the legendary comedy TV institution Saturday Night Live, performing as the musical guests on October 8th.
The episode will be hosted by Hamilton creator Lin Manuel Miranda and will see the boys play two songs interspersed between sketches.
Tyler and Josh announced their appearance via Twitter earlier today (September 28th).
Famous friends and fans have already expressed their congratulations including Hayley Williams of Paramore.
Performing on the live sketch show has always been viewed as a rite of passage for bands and the most recent season featured the likes of The 1975, Kanye West and Arianna Grande.
TØP's episode will air LIVE on NBC on October 8th.


text:
'Ted 2' scores with Tom Brady cameo in Super Bowl spot
By Jeff Labrecque
February 01, 2015 at 12:00 PM EST
For a man to to ask another man to be the donor who will be the biological father to his child, there has to be trust, a special bond—or at least three Super Bowl titles and movie-star looks. In Ted 2, the incorrigible bear voiced by director Seth MacFarlane is in a solid relationship and wants to have a baby with his new wife, Tami-Lynn. Apparently, his pal John (Mark Wahlberg) can only deliver half that order. Whereas the Patriots QB is the total package, and a relatively sound sleeper.
In the Super Bowl TV spot for the sequel, due in theaters June 26, Brady wakes up just as the Golden Boy's golden glow is about to be stolen.
By Jeff Labrecque @JeffLabrecque

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Going to university is one of the most exciting and stressful things a student can do. There's a lot to think about, and planning ahead is highly recommended.
The best way to start your time at university is as smoothly as possible, but with so much to bear in mind, that's easier said than done. Thankfully we've put together this handy guide.
Here are 5 tips that will take the tension out of the transition. Read on to discover a straightforward and hassle-free path to this important phase of your life…!
If you've never done a weekly or monthly budget before, now's the perfect time to start. Uni life is famously tough on the financial front, and you should be switched on.
Here's the thing. There are these wonderful creations called apps that can help you plan a simple and effective budget. Money Dashboard is just one great option.
This is particularly good if numbers are scary, because the calculating is done for you. Many apps have colourful displays that give you a clear overview of your accounts.
Once you've mastered your money, there's the question of what to spend it on! Shopping in Britain is tricky, what with high food prices and a tough economy.
A good tip is to shop later in the evening, when quality staples such as bread are reduced.
It's a fact of student life around the world… you'll probably have to take a part time job in order to survive. The UK "gig economy" can be helpful for this, with flexible hours.
There's a but coming. Be careful when choosing roles because sometimes zero hours means no hours. Make sure you're working enough for it to be worthwhile.
Thankfully there are plenty of dedicated websites with resources to help you supplement your studies. A link to one of these is here.
If you're an international student then you should be aware of travel options. But whether you're coming from Texas or Taunton, do you know how to save on transport?
Now, a 16-25 Railcard is a tried and tested choice for students who would otherwise be subject to wallet-worrying train fares. It gives you a third off your journeys.
If you're living in a big city like London, then bus travel is going to be variable. There are times where traffic will be at a standstill for long periods of time.
An Oyster Card is a great way of cutting through the costs, if not speeding up that commute! And of course there's the ISIC card if you're from abroad.
One of the best things about being at university is the friends you'll make. However, to do that you have to take the plunge and introduce yourself to people!
We know what you're thinking. You're probably away from home for the first time and nervous. But if you don't socialise you're going to miss out on a lot of fun.
The key thing to remember is that everyone is in the same situation. You may be confident in approaching folk, but if you're not then don't worry, others are anxious too.
In case you hadn't heard, when you start student life you also have access to a range of discounts, on everything from travel to clothes and eating out.
Have you heard about this? The TOTUM card is your gateway to all these goodies. If you're an international student then there's also the deals you can get through ISIC.
Also, on a non-student note, when going into the supermarket it's worth keeping an eye out for discarded receipts that may contain unclaimed rewards. This is known as wombling!
And a fun way of making spare cash as you shop is cashback. That's where you are literally paid for retail therapy. Read more about how to do that here.


text:
Копы́тцево — деревня в Волоколамском районе Московской области России в составе городского поселения Сычёво. Население —  чел. ().

География
Деревня Копытцево расположена на западе Московской области, в восточной части Волоколамского района, примерно в 16 км к юго-востоку от центра города Волоколамска. В 2 км к северу от деревни проходит федеральная автодорога «Балтия» .

На территории зарегистрировано садовое товарищество. Ближайшие населённые пункты — село Язвище и посёлок городского типа Сычёво. К югу от деревни — исток реки Ламы (бассейн Иваньковского водохранилища).

Население

История
В «Списке населённых мест» 1862 года Копытцово — владельческое сельцо 2-го стана Волоколамского уезда Московской губернии по правую сторону почтового Московского тракта (из Волоколамска), в 18 верстах от уездного города, при безымянной речке, с 9 дворами и 84 жителями (41 мужчина, 43 женщины).

По данным на 1890 год входила в состав Аннинской волости Волоколамского уезда, число душ мужского пола составляло 25 человек.

В 1913 году — 9 дворов, имение Короткова.

По материалам Всесоюзной переписи населения 1926 года — деревня Язвищевского сельсовета Аннинской волости, проживало 64 жителя (31 мужчина, 33 женщины), насчитывалось 15 крестьянских хозяйств.

С 1929 года — населённый пункт в составе Волоколамского района Московского округа Московской области. Постановлением ЦИК и СНК от 23 июля 1930 года округа как административно-территориальные единицы были ликвидированы.

1929—1954 гг. — деревня Язвищевского сельсовета Волоколамского района.

1954—1963 гг. — деревня Чисменского сельсовета Волоколамского района.

1963—1965 гг. — деревня Чисменского сельсовета Волоколамского укрупнённого сельского района.

1965—1994 гг. — деревня Чисменского сельсовета Волоколамского района.

В 1994 году Московской областной думой было утверждено положение о местном самоуправлении в Московской области, сельские советы как административно-территориальные единицы были преобразованы в сельские округа.

1994—2006 гг. — деревня Чисменского сельского округа Волоколамского района.

С 2006 года — деревня городского поселения Сычёво Волоколамского муниципального района Московской области.

Примечания

Населённые пункты Волоколамского района
Населённые пункты Волоколамского уезда


text:
This article outlines the basic procedures for measuring trees for scientific and champion tree purposes. It does not cover timber assessment for production purposes, which is focused on marketable wood volumes rather than overall tree size.

Tree height is the vertical distance between the base of the tree and the tip of the highest branch on the tree, and is difficult to measure accurately. It is not the same as the length of the trunk. If a tree is leaning, the trunk length may be greater than the height of the tree. The base of the tree is where the projection of the pith (center) of the tree intersects the existing supporting surface upon which the tree is growing or where the seed sprouted. If the tree is growing on the side of a cliff, the base of the tree is at the point where the pith would intersect the cliff side. Roots extending down from that point would not add to the height of the tree. On a slope this base point is considered as halfway between the ground level at the upper and lower sides of the tree. Tree height can be measured in a number of ways with varying degrees of accuracy.

Tree height is one of the parameters commonly measured as part of various champion tree programs and documentation efforts. Other commonly used parameters, outlined in Tree measurement include height, girth, crown spread, and volume. Additional details on the methodology of tree girth measurement, tree crown measurement, and tree volume measurement are presented in the links herein. American Forests, for example, uses a formula to calculate Big Tree Points as part of their Big Tree Program that awards a tree 1 point for each foot of height, 1 point for each inch (2.54 cm) of girth, and ¼ point for each foot of crown spread. The tree whose point total is the highest for that species is crowned as the champion in their registry. The other parameter commonly measured, in addition to the species and location information, is wood volume. A general outline of tree measurements is provided in the article Tree Measurement with more detailed instructions in taking these basic measurements is provided in "The Tree Measuring Guidelines of the Eastern Native Tree Society" by Will Blozan.

Maximum heights
The tallest tree in the world is a coast redwood (Sequoia sempervirens) growing in Northern California that has been named Hyperion. In September 2012, it was measured at  tall.  There are 7 other coastal redwoods known to be over  in height, and 222 specimens over .  There are only five species known to grow over  in height worldwide.

There are historical accounts of extremely tall and large trees. In the northeastern United States, for example, there are frequent stories published in newspapers and magazines dating from the 1800s telling of extremely tall white pines (Pinus strobus). One extraordinary account in the Weekly Transcript, North Adams, Mass., Thursday, July 12, 1849 reads:  "A Large Tree. --- Mr. D. E. Hawks, of Charlemont, cut a Pine tree a short time since, of the following dimensions. It was  through  from the stump, and  through  from the stump. Twenty-two logs were taken from the tree, the average length of which were . Fourteen feet [4.3 m] of the tree were spoiled in falling. The extreme length of the tree from the stump to the top twigs was ] ---- Greenfield Gazette." In 1995 Robert Leverett and Will Blozan measured the Boogerman Pine, a white pine in Great Smokey Mountains National Park, at a height of 207 feet in 1995 using ground-based cross triangulation methods. This the highest accurate measurement obtained for any tree in the eastern United States within modern times. The top of the tree was lost in Hurricane Opal in 1995 and it currently stands at just under  in height. It is possible that some white pines in the past reached heights of well over  given the much larger area of primary forest prior to the timber boom in the 1800s, however, based on what grows today, it is highly unlikely they ever reached the heights in some of these historical accounts. These reported heights are likely just a mixture of personal and commercial bravado by the lumbermen of the time.

Approximate tree heights
Of the various methods of approximating tree heights, the best options, requiring only a minimal amount of equipment, are the stick method and the tape and clinometer (tangent) method. To get accurate measurements with either method, care must be taken. First try to view the tree from several different angles to see where the actual top of the tree is located. Use that point for the measurements. This will eliminate the greatest potential for error.

Stick method
The stick method requires a measuring tape and a stick or ruler and uses the principle of similar triangles to estimate tree heights. There are three primary variations of the stick method.

A) Stick-rotation method or pencil method for trees on level ground and with top vertically over the base: 1) grasp the end of a stick and hold it at arm's length with the free end pointed straight up; 2) move back and forth toward or away from the tree to be measured until the base of the tree aligns visually with the top of the hand at the base of the stick and the top of the tree is aligned with the top of the stick; 3) without moving the arm up or down rotate the stick until it is parallel to the ground. The base of the stick should still be aligned with the base of the tree. 4) If you have an assistant, have them walk away from the base of the tree at a right angle to your position until they reach the spot on the ground that aligns with the top of the stick. If alone pick a distinctive point on the ground to mark this point. The distance from the base of the tree to this point is equal to the height of the tree.  Again, this method assumes that the top of the tree is vertically over the base.

B) Standard stick method: 1) Find a straight stick or ruler; 2) Hold the stick vertically at arm's length, making sure that the length of the stick above your hand equals the distance from your hand to your eye. 3) Walk backward away from the tree. Stop when the stick above your hand exactly masks the tree. 4) Measure the straight-line distance from your eye to the base of the tree. Record that measurement as the tree's height to the closest foot. As with A, if the top is not vertically over the base, this method will generate an error.

C) Advanced stick method uses the same procedure outlined above with the addition of a few measurements and some basic multiplication. This method does not require that the length of the measuring stick be the same as the distance from your bottom hand to your eye, so it can be used in more varied settings to get a height measurement: 1) holding the stick as outlined above, align both the base of the tree with the top of your hand holding the stick and the top of the tree with the top of the stick. You can do this by moving toward or away from the tree, adjusting the stick length, and by moving your arm up and down; 2) once aligned, measure the distance from the top of your hand grasping the base of the stick to your eye; 3) measure the distance from the top of your hand to the top of the stick; 4) measure the distance from your eye to the base of the tree. So long as the yardstick is held straight up and down and the top of the tree is vertically over the base, the various measurements are still proportional and then you can calculate the height of the tree using a simple formula:

(length of stick x distance to the tree) / (distance to eye) = tree height

Using this formula the height of the tree can be calculated no matter what angle you are holding your arm, and no matter what the length of the yardstick that extends above your hand. This has a big advantage if you are measuring a tree on uneven ground or if you can only measure the tree from a single angle. One problem that also often occurs is in order to see the top of the tree; the surveyor must be farther away from the tree than possible using a yardstick length of  (average arm to eye length). Using the simple formula above a smaller length of stick can be used allowing the surveyor to actually see the top of the tree. As with A. and B. above, this method assumes that the top of the tree is vertically over the base. If this assumption is violated, the triangles will not be similar and the ratio and proportion relationship of the sides of similar triangles will not apply.

D) Make a quick-and-dirty "Tree Ruler."
 Simply take a pencil, or a ruler, or any stick (straightedge) and a marker, such as a Sharpie Ultra-fine.
 Go to your local playground, and pace out a convenient distance from the basketball hoop, roughly distance about equal to the height of any tree you'd want to measure, 10 or 30 or 100 paces.
Hold the straightedge vertically at arm's length.
 Align the tip of the straightedge with the hoop; slide your thumbnail until it's aligned with the base of the pole. Mark this on the straightedge; that's 10'. Make more marks to indicate 15, 30, etc., as desired.
 Now you have a "Tree Ruler" that can be used, on approximately level ground, to estimate tree heights.

Clinometer and tape method
The clinometer and tape method, or the tangent method, is commonly used in the forestry industry to measure log length. Some clinometers are hand held devices used to measure angles of slopes. The user can sight to the top of a tree using such a clinometer and read the angle to the top using a scale in the instrument. Topographic Abney levels are calibrated so when read at a distance of  from the tree, the height to the tree above eye level can be directly read on the scale. Many clinometers and Abney levels have a percent-grade scale that gives 100 times the tangent of the angle. This scale gives the tree height in feet directly when measured at a distance of  from the tree.

In general, the clinometer is used to measure the angle Θ from the eye to the top of the tree, and then the horizontal distance to the tree at eye level is measured using a tape. The height above eye level is then calculated by using the tangent function:

horizontal distance at eye level to the tree x tangent Θ = height above eye level

The same process is used to measure the height of the base of the tree above or below eye level. If the base of the tree is below eye level, then the height of the tree below eye level is added to the height above eye level. If the base of the tree is above eye level, then the height of the base of the tree above eye level is subtracted from the height of the treetop above eye level. It may be difficult to directly measure the horizontal distance at eye level if that distance is high off the ground or if the base of the tree is above eye level. In these cases the distance to the base of the tree can be measured using the tape along the slope from eye level to the base of the tree and noting the slope angle Θ. In this case the height of the base of the tree above or below eye level is equal to the (sin Θ x slope distance) and the horizontal distance to the tree is (cos Θ x slope distance).

Errors associated with the stick method and the clinometer and tape method: Aside from the obvious errors associated with bad measurements of distances or misreading the angles with the clinometer, there are several less apparent sources of error that can compromise the accuracy of the tree height calculations. With the stick method if the stick is not held vertically, the similar triangle will be malformed. This potential error can be offset by fastening a string with a small, suspended weight to the top of the stick so that the stick can be aligned with the weighted string to assure it is being held vertically. A more pernicious error occurs in both methods where 1) the treetop is offset from the base of the tree, or 2) where the top of the tree has been misidentified. Except for young, plantation-grown conifers, the top of the tree is rarely directly over the base; therefore a right triangle used as the basis for the height calculation isn't truly being formed. An analysis of data collected by the Native Tree Society (NTS), of over 1800 mature trees found, on average, the top of the tree was offset from the perspective of the surveyor by a distance of , and therefore was offset from the base of the tree by around . Conifers tended to have offsets less than that average and large, broad canopied hardwoods tended to have higher offsets. The top of the tree therefore has a different baseline length than the bottom of the tree resulting in height errors:

(top to bottom offset distance x tan Θ) = height error

The error almost always incorrectly adds to the height of the tree. For example, if measuring a tree at an angle of 64 degrees, given an average offset of  in the direction of the measurer, the height of the tree would be overestimated by . This type of error will be present in all of the readings using the tangent method, except in the cases where the highest point of the tree actually is located directly above the base of the tree, and except in this unusual case, the result is not repeatable as a different height reading would be obtained depending on the direction and position from which the measurement was taken.

When the top of the tree is misidentified and a forward leaning branch is mistaken for the treetop, the height measurement errors are even larger because of the bigger error in the measurement baseline. It is extremely difficult to identify the actual top branch from the ground. Even experienced people will often choose the wrong sprig among the several that might be the actual treetop. Walking around the tree and viewing it from different angles will often help the observer to distinguish the actual top from other branches, but this is not always practical or possible to do. Major height errors have made it onto big tree lists even after some degree of vetting, and are often wrongly repeated as valid heights for many tree species. A listing compiled by the NTS shows the magnitude of some of these errors: water hickory listed as , actually ; pignut hickory listed at , actually ; red oak listed as , actually ; red maple listed at , actually , and these are only a few of the examples listed. These errors are not amenable to correction through statistical analysis as they are unidirectional and random in magnitude. A review of historical accounts of large trees and comparisons with measurements of examples still living found many additional examples of large tree height errors in published accounts.

Sine height or ENTS method
Many of the limitations and errors associated with the stick method and the tangent method can be overcome by using a laser rangefinder in conjunction with a clinometer, or a hypsometer, which incorporates both devices into a single unit. A laser rangefinder is a device which uses a laser beam to determine the distance to an object. The laser rangefinder sends a laser pulse in a narrow beam toward the object and measures the time taken by the pulse to be reflected off the target and returned to the sender. Different instruments have different degrees of accuracy and precision.

The development of laser rangefinders was a significant breakthrough in a person's ability to quickly and accurately measure tree heights. Soon after the introduction of laser rangefinders, their utility in measuring trees and use of the sine based height calculations was recognized and adopted independently by a number of big tree hunters. Robert Van Pelt began using a Criterion 400 laser circa 1994 in the Pacific northwest of North America. The instrument had a preprogrammed tree height routine based upon the tangent method, but he used the alternate Vertical Distance (VD) mode, essentially the sine method with no frills to measure tree heights. He began using an optical rangefinder and Suunto clinometer circa 1993-94 using the sine method. About a year later he purchased a Bushnell Lytespeed 400 laser rangefinder and began using it in tree measurements. Robert T. Leverett began using laser rangefinders in the eastern United States in 1996. He and Will Blozan had previously been using cross-triangulation methods to measure tree heights prior to adopting the laser rangefinder techniques. The first publication describing the process was in the book "Stalking the Forest Monarchs - A Guide to Measuring Champion Trees," published by Will Blozan, Jack Sobon, and Robert Leverett in early 1997 The technique was soon adopted by other big tree surveyors in other areas of the world. Brett Mifsud (2002) writes: "New techniques for measuring tall trees were used in this study. Initially, a Bushnell '500 Yardage Pro' laser rangefinder was used in conjunction with a Suunto clinometer to estimate tree heights in all regions. The previously-used 'simple tan' method of measuring tall trees was discarded in favor of the 'sine' method." Currently this method is being used by tree researchers and surveys in Asia, Africa, Europe, and South America.

Using the rangefinder and clinometer, only four numbers are needed to complete the tree height calculation, and no tape is necessary, nor is direct contact with the tree. The readings are 1) the distance to the top of the tree measured using the laser rangefinder, 2) the angle to the top of the tree measured with the clinometer, 3) the distance to the base of the tree measured with the laser rangefinder, and 4) the angle to the base of the tree measured with the clinometer. The calculations involve some basic trigonometry but these calculations can easily be done on any inexpensive scientific calculator.

Situations where the top of the tree being measured is above eye level and the base of the tree being measured is below eye level is the most common situation encountered in the field. The other two cases are those where both the top of the tree and the base of the tree are above eye level, and where both the top of the tree and base of the tree are located below eye level. In the first situation, if D1 is the distance to the top of the tree as measured with a laser rangefinder, and (a) is the angle to the top of the tree measured with a clinometer, then this forms the hypotenuse of a right triangle with the base of the triangle at eye level. The height of the tree above eye level is [h1 = sin(a) x D1]. The same process is used to measure the height or extension of the base of the tree above or below eye level where D1 is the distance to the base of the tree and (b) is the angle to the base of the tree. Therefore, the vertical distance to the base of the tree above or below eye level is [h2 = sin(b) x D2]. Common sense should prevail when adding h1 and h2. If the base of the tree is below eye level the distance it extends below eye level is added to the height of the tree above eye level to calculate the total height of the tree. If the base of the tree is above level then this height is subtracted from the height to the top of the tree. Mathematically since the sine of a negative angle is negative, we always get the following formula:

height =  sin(a) x (D1) – sin(b) x (D2)

There are some errors associated with the sine top/sine bottom method. First the resolution of the laser rangefinder may range from an inch (2.54 cm) or less to half a yard (46 cm) or more dependent on the model being used. By checking the characteristics of the laser through a calibration procedure and taking measurements at only the click-over points where the numbers change from one value to the next highest much greater precision can be obtained from the instrument. A hand held clinometer can only be read to an accuracy of about ¼ of a degree, leading to another source of error. However, by taking multiple shots to the top from different positions and by shooting at the click-over points, accurate heights can be obtained from the ground to within less than a foot of the tree's actual height. In addition, multiple measurements allow erroneous values where the clinometer was misread to be identified and eliminated from the measurement set. Problems may also occur where the base of the tree is obscured by brush, in these situations a combination of the tangent method and sine methods may be used. If the base of the tree is not far below eye level, the horizontal distance to the tree trunk can be measured with the laser rangefinder, and the angle to the base measured with the clinometer. The vertical offset from the base of the tree to horizontal can be determined using the tangent method for the lower triangle, where [H2 = tan(A2) x D2]. In these cases where the tree is fairly vertical and the vertical distance from the base of the tree to eye level is small, any errors from using the tangent method for the base are minimal.

There are considerable advantages to using this method over the basic clinometer and tape tangent method. Using this methodology, it no longer matters if the top of the tree is offset from the base of the tree, eliminating one major source of error present in the tangent method. A second benefit of the laser rangefinder technology is that the laser can be used to scan the upper portions of the tree to find which top is actually the true top of the tree. As a general rule, if there are several readings from different tops of the tree at or near the same inclination, the one that is the farthest in distance represents the tallest top of the group. This ability to scan for the highest point helps eliminate the second major source of error caused by misidentifying a forward leaning branch or the wrong top. Additionally, aside from gross errors resulting from misreading the instrument, the results will not overstate the height of the tree. The height can still be under-measured if the true top of the tree is not correctly identified. The sine top/sine bottom method allows the height of trees to be measured that are entirely above or below the eye level of the surveyor as well as on level ground. A tree can also be measured in segments where the top and bottom of the tree are not both visible from a single location. A single height measurement takes only a matter of a few minutes using separate laser rangefinder and clinometer or less when using instruments with a built in electronic clinometer. The measurements made using these techniques, through averaging multiple shots, are typically within a foot or less of climber deployed tape measurements.

Some laser hypsometers have a built in height measurement function. Before using this function the user should read the instructions on how it works. In some implementations it calculates tree heights using the flawed tangent method, while in others it allows you to use the better sine top/sine bottom method. The sine top /sine bottom method may be called the vertical distance function or a two-point method. For example, the Nikon Forestry 550 implements the sine top/sine bottom method only, while the successor the Forestry Pro has both a two-point measurement and a three-point measurement function. The three-point measurement function uses the tangent method, while the two point method uses the sine top/sine bottom method. The top and bottom triangles are automatically measured using the two point function and added together, giving an accurate height measurement.

A more detailed discussion of the laser rangefinder/ clinometer sine method can be found in Blozan and Frank and in discussions on the Native Tree Society website and BBS.

Reviews of the sine method have been published by U. S. Forest researcher Dr. Don Bragg.  He writes: "When heights were measured properly and under favorable circumstances, the results obtained by the tangent and sine methods differed only by about 2 percent. Under more challenging conditions, however, errors ranged from 8 to 42 percent. These examples also highlight a number of distinct advantages of using the sine method, especially when exact tree height is required. and Under typical circumstances, the sine method is the most reliable means currently available to determine standing tree height, largely because it is relatively insensitive to some of the underlying assumptions of the tangent method. Unfortunately, only recently has technology permitted the use of the sine method, whereas the tangent method has been ingrained into procedures and instrumentation for many decades."

Direct height measurement
Tree heights can be directly measured using a pole for shorter trees, or by climbing a larger tree and measuring the height via a long measuring tape. Pole measurements work well for small trees eliminating the need for trigonometry involving multiple triangles, and for trees shorter than the minimal range for laser rangefinders. Colby Rucker writes: "For the smallest trees, a carpenter's six-foot folding ruler works well. Above the ruler's reach, a pole is needed. An aluminum painter's pole telescopes to nearly , and works quite nicely. It can be adjusted to the height of a small tree, and the pole measured with a steel tape hooked to one end. It can be raised to the top of a slightly taller tree, and the distance to the ground measured with the carpenters' rule. For additional reach, two aluminum extensions can be made that fit inside one another, and both fit inside the pole. I used a sturdy aluminum ski pole for the top piece. That extends the pole to about , which is convenient for most work. Occasionally, additional height is needed and additional lengths can be added, but the pole becomes unwieldy at these greater heights. Standard ten foot sections of PVC pipe can be used for the poles, but they tend to become floppier with increasing length."

Tree heights can also be directly measured by a tree climber. The climber accesses the top of the tree finding a position as near to the top as can be safely reached. Once safely anchored from that position the climber finds a clear path and drops a weighted line to the ground. A tape is fastened to the end of the drop line and pulled up to the top following the path of the weighted line. The bottom reference point is the mid-slope position of the trunk at ground level. The total height of the tree to the climber's position is read directly from the tape. Fiberglass tapes are generally used for these measurements because of their light weight, negligible stretch, and because they do not need to be calibrated for use at different temperatures. If the tape is to be used later as a fixed reference for later trunk volume measurements the top is fastened in place using several thumbtacks. This holds the tape in position during the volume measurements, but it still can be pulled free from below when finished.

A pole is generally used to measure the remaining height of the tree. The climber pulls up an extendable pole and uses it to reach to the top of the tree from the point at the upper end of the tape. If not vertical, the slope of the leaning pole is measured and the length of the pole is measured. The vertical distance added by the pole to the tape length is (sin Θ x pole length).

Additional height measurement techniques
There are several additional methods that can be used to measure tree heights from a distance that can produce reasonably accurate results. These include traditional surveying methods using a theodolite, cross-triangulation, the extended baseline method, the parallax method, and the triangle method.

Standard surveying techniques may be used to measure tree heights. A theodolite with an electronic distance measurement (EDM0 function or Total Station can provide accurate heights because a specific point on the tree crown could be consistently chosen and "shot" through a high magnification lens with cross hairs mounted on a tripod which further steadied the device The drawbacks are the prohibitive cost of the instrument for average users and the need for a well cut corridor for horizontal distance measurement has to be cleared for every measurement, and the general lack of easy portability.

Cross-triangulation methods can be used. The top of the tree is sighted from one position and the line along the ground from the viewer toward the top of the tree is marked. The top of the tree is then located from a second viewing position, ideally about 90 degrees around the tree from the first location, and the line along the ground toward the top of the tree is again marked. The intersection of these two lines should be position on the ground directly underneath the top of the tree. Once this position is known the height of the treetop above this point can be measured using the tangent method without the need for a laser rangefinder. Then the relative height of this point to the base of the tree can be measured, and the total height of the tree determined. A two-person team will make this process easier. The drawbacks of this method include among others: 1) difficulty in correctly identifying the actual top of the tree from the ground, 2) being able to locate the same top from both positions, and 3) it is a very time consuming process.

External baseline method developed by Robert T. Leverett is based upon the idea that there will be difference in the angle to the top of an object if it is viewed from two different distances along a common baseline. The height of the tree above a level baseline can be determined by measuring the angle to the top of the tree from two different positions, one farther than the other along the same baseline and horizontal plane, if the distance between these two measuring points is known.

By accurately measuring the differences between the angles and the distance to the object from the closer position, the height of the object can be calculated. A very accurate angle measurement is required by the process. To use the method for both top and base, requires eight measurements and the use of three separate formulae. The set of formulae is applied once for the top of the tree and once for the bottom. If the baseline cannot be level, a more complex calculation must be made that takes into account the slope of the baseline. An Excel spreadsheet has been developed that automates the calculations and is available on the ENTS BBS/website. It covers the common tangent-based methods and includes error analysis. There are a series of variations for other scenarios where the observation points are not at the same elevation, or not along the same baseline.

Parallax method 3-D is a survey technique for measuring the tree height indirectly by Michael Taylor. The parallax method involves finding two different views to the tree's top, the ground level differential and horizontal sweep angles between the top and the two views. These values can be used in an algebraic equation to determine the height of the tree's top above the stations can be calculated. No direct measurement to the tree's trunk or top is taken in the parallax Method.

Three verticals method (formerly the triangle method) is a modification of the simpler parallax method. It is possible to measure the height of a tree indirectly without taking any horizontal sweep angles, which can be difficult to obtain accurately in the field. With this method, find three open views in any space to the treetop. These points ideally should be within view of each other to avoid indirect surveys. Once the surveyor has taken the three vertical angles to the tree's top, the slope distances and angles between the three viewing stations is taken. The height of the treetop can then be derived using a series of equations, which require an iterative numerical solution and the uses of a computer. The Triangle Technique, equations, measurement diagrams, and derivations were developed by Michael Taylor and are available on his website. The software program for the calculations is written in basic and can also be downloaded from his website.

LiDAR
LiDAR, an acronym for Light Detection and Ranging, is an optical remote sensing technology that can measure distance to objects. LiDAR data is publicly available for many areas and these data sets can be used to display tree heights present on any of these locations. Heights are determined by measuring the distance to the ground from the air, the distance to the tops of the trees, and displaying the difference between the two values. A USGS report compared ground-based measurements made using a total station at two different sites, one dominated by Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) and another dominated by ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) with results obtained from LiDAR data. They found height measurements obtained from narrow-beam (0.33 m), high-density (6 points/m2) LiDAR were more accurate (mean error i: SD = -0.73 + 0.43 m) than those obtained from wide-beam (0.8 m) LiDAR (-1.12 0.56 m). LiDAR-derived height measurements were more accurate for ponderosa pine (-0.43 i: 0.13 m) than for Douglas-fir (-1.05 i: 0.41 m) at the narrow beam setting. Tree heights acquired using conventional field techniques (-0.27 2 0.27 m) were more accurate than those obtained using LiDAR (-0.73 i: 0.43 m for narrow beam setting).

Kelly et al. found that LiDAR at a 20-ft (6.1-m) cell size for the target area in North Carolina did not have enough detail to measure individual trees, but was sufficient for identifying the best growing sites with mature forest and most tall trees. They found that highly reflective surfaces, such as water and roofs of houses sometimes erroneously appeared as tall trees in the data maps and recommends that use of LiDAR be coordinated with topographic maps to identify these potential false returns. Underestimations of the true tree heights of individual trees were found for some of the tall tree locations located on the LiDAR maps and was attributed to the failure of the LiDAR at that resolution does not seem to detect all twigs in a forest canopy. They write: "In addition to using LiDAR to locate tall trees, there is great promise for using LiDAR to locate old-growth forests. When comparing known old-growth sites to second-growth in LiDAR, old-growth has a much more textured canopy because of the frequent and often remarkably evenly spaced tree fall gaps. Finding equations that can predict old-growth forests of various types using LiDAR and other data sources is an important area of scientific inquiry that could further conservation of old-growth forest."

Maps of global canopy heights have been developed using LiDAR by Michael Lefsky in 2010 and updated a year later by a team led by Marc Simard of NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory.  A smaller version of the map can be found on NASA's Earth Observatory website.

LiDAR has frequently been used by members of the NTS to search for tall tree sites and to locate areas within a site with the greatest potential for tall tree finds. They have found LiDAR to be a useful tool for scouting locations prior to visits, but the values need to be ground truthed for accuracy. Michael Taylor writes: "In the flat areas like Humboldt Redwoods State Park the LiDAR was usually within  accuracy and tended to be on the conservative side. For steep hill areas the LIDAR often over-estimated by  more due to the fact that redwoods tend to lean down-hill in notch canyons as they seek the open areas for more light. If the tree grows near a ravine this over-estimation from LiDAR was more the norm than the exception. Perhaps only 50% of the LiDAR hit list trees from Redwood National Park were actually trees over . From Humboldt Redwoods State Park nearly 100% of the LiDAR returns that came back as being over  were actually trees over  when confirmed from the ground or climber deployed tape. It depends on the terrain and how well the ground/trunk interface was captured. For steep and dense canopies the ground determination is a great challenge. "   An overview of using LiDAR for tree measurement was written by Paul Jost on the NTS website.  Data for much of the United States can be downloaded from the USGS or from various state agencies. Several different data viewers are available. Isenburg and Sewchuk have developed software for Visualizing LiDAR in Google Earth.  Another viewer is called Fusion, a LiDAR viewing and analysis software tool developed by the Silviculture and Forest Models Team, Research Branch of the US Forest Service. Steve Galehouse provides a step by step guide to using the Fusion software to supplement the instructions on the Fusion website itself.

Google Earth
In 2012 Google Earth began offering 3D models of some major cities using stereophotogrammetry which allows users to measure the height of buildings and trees by adjusting the altitude of a Polygon in 3D, or use the Ruler function to measure the height of an object in a 3D path in Google Earth Pro. Other techniques of approximating tree height do exist in Google Earth. Using Street View one may adjust the altitude of a New Placemark to align with the top of a tree or building, and other methods include estimating total building or tree height from shadow length in a 2D Aerial Photo or Satellite image.

References

Forest modelling


finding lidded buckets?? uk/england query.
for cheap or even free?
concentration or destroy your eyes if you get them in them.
buckets for "plaster" workers are o.k. but a bit harder to clean.
It is 'so time' to be metric.
Loved buying 3 meters of threaded 1/2" pipe in Thailand.
> for cheap or even free?
Subject: Finding Lidded Buckets?? UK/England Query.
We get pails with lids from a local bulk food store.
Subject: Re: Finding Lidded Buckets?? UK/England Query.
and other pool chemicals come in 5 gal plastic pails with tops that lock on.
My pool man supplies me with all the buckets I need.
see them from the air to really appreciate it.
I do not believe England overall...has quite so many.
Too, would not Engllish 'Buckets' be in Imperial Gallons?
and hence, a little larger for their gallon-count than ours?
experience, the 'best' methods on how to measure things?
> My pool man supplies me with all the buckets I need.
seemed to loose their smell.
glazes are in larger plastic garbage cans.


text:
General - Why do you play Sims 3 over other Installments?
Replies: 168 (Who?), Viewed: 8995 times.
Sorceress Supreme
#26 26th Apr 2020 at 1:58 PM Last edited by Sorceress Supreme : 26th Apr 2020 at 8:15 PM.
Thanks: 1 in 1 Posts
Reality of the fact is, once you go open world you just can't mentally go back to a dollhouse. The whole concept has me feeling trapped, isolated, imprisoned, I could not stand it.
I feel the same way. And the funny thing is that the Sims 4 made me feel exactly the same way, even though the view from the window isn't as dead as in Sims 2 and it's occasional passerbys. Even though that Sims 2 video above looks nice, I noticed that my eyes were automatically drawn to the window to see the view and in this case, the lack of it. It does make you feel isolated and not part of the bigger sim world that moves on with story progression. Thought, the enhanced view in Sims 4 didn't really help at all. Those loading screens in 2 and 4... way to kill the immersion.
Oh, and another thing... after trying Sims 4, it felt like moving from tv drama show (sims 3) to a full-fledged sitcom. Sims 4 to me felt like comedy show all the way, including simmies facial expressions and everything they did. It's like their IQ was now on the same level as a cleaning sponge.
joandsarah77
Needs Coffee
#27 26th Apr 2020 at 3:38 PM
Thanks: 6787 in 73 Posts
Game runs relatively smooth, but the game uses single core to handle the sims population. FPS jumping all over the place around 15 FPS.
This is because you are playing without the 4 GB patch, which all of us dedicated Sims 2 players now use, well those of us who want the game to run well on new machines as well as handle a ton load of cc and mods.
However, again after only a few minutes of playing, I feel trapped. You don't want to leave the lot because you know it will go into a loading screen and that just makes it bleh.
Sims 4 players also put up with loading screens and it's the newest instalment. You hate loading screen, fair enough, I hate sims 3 rabbit holes. You feel trapped on a home lot I felt trapped waiting outside a rabbit hole, so its all perspective. Sims 3 open-world looks nice (and the colour wheel is great I miss that) but it unfortunately made me ill and I'm not the only one so I would rather have a loading screen than feel ill. There are a lot of games that give me motion sickness, it's a real pain.
Not to mention, it was 7 PM when I left my home lot, then it was 10 PM when I arrived at the diner, then it was 7 PM again when I returned home.
That's because you are playing without mods, I don't play sims 2 that way because I have it modded. My sims would have arrived back at home a bit after 10pm. I'm sure you have Sims 3 modded to how you like it.
Also, the sims that went to the diner aged during that time, the sim in the household that remained, didn't age.
That is not how it works, all sims in the household should have aged.If they didn't you have a glitch. They should only age on the home lot not out at a diner.
b/c there is no global aging. So your sims moving out somewhere can literally become elders before their parents on a separate lot.
Most of us who play sims 2 don't want households we are not playing to age, because we rotate and play all the households. So again perspective, what irritates you is one of the things I love. I hate playable sims ageing if I am not controlling them.
They're semi connected through the game in visitation and public lots, but nothing else is synchronized.
I love playing businesses and having other playable sims buy things from them. When my sim needs groceries they go to my playable store, many of my kids go to my playable school and I have it so nearly everything is run by my playable sims so it feels very connected. I don't want households that I am not currently playing to age or do anything.
We are lucky to have a variety of games to suit us all. You have your open world and constant ageing of all sims, I have all my businesses and sims not ageing or changing until I want them to.
"I dream of a better tomorrow, where chickens can cross the road and not be questioned about their motives." - Unknown
~Call me Jo~
Careers and businesses for sims
What I Love About Toddlers
To be fair, both games need a setup of the end user, either so it can run on older modern and other not to lag much because EA didn't implement error catcher or whatever. You can't really critic a game over it, but though for its core implementation (like being infested with bugs, proness to corruption) you can.
Originally Posted by Pary
t has always been one of my pet peeves about the game, as well as the sim who cooks not laying meals out on the table for the family.
It's a small thing but here's the mod that allows someone to Set the Table and Call to Meal. If you have a large house, you might want to start routing sims towards the table just so they all get to the table at about the same time. There are also several mods to slow down how fast sims eat (I'm not sure which one is current because I don't use them).
jje1000
Thanks: 930 in 5 Posts
IMO TS2 is better for more focused gameplay, and is largely playable without significant modding. It's a game about the small moments of life.
TS3 really shines in larger-scale community simulation, and with mods, it really does feel alive.
#31 26th Apr 2020 at 8:47 PM Last edited by nitromon : 26th Apr 2020 at 9:02 PM.
Originally Posted by joandsarah77
This is because you are playing without the 4 GB patch, which all of us dedicated Sims 2 players now use,
You mean the LAA? I modified it manually, being an engineer and all, long before someone even created the patch for normal people. Actually a big part of my response talk about this, including the example of the 2 families I just played. lol It doesn't matter if you use LAA, b/c the game is not designed to take advantage of extra RAM for performance, only for storage such as you mentioned lots of CCs or sims on the lot.
You hate loading screen, fair enough, I hate sims 3 rabbit holes. You feel trapped on a home lot I felt trapped waiting outside a rabbit hole, so its all perspective.
How so? Sims going into rabbitholes is the same as Sims 2 sims going to work off lot. It is exactly the same.
That's because you are playing without mods, I don't play sims 2 that way because I have it modded.
You sure assume a lot. I have so much mod in TS2 actually it wrecked it. I had to reorganize them a while back to make it cleaner and run smoother. I heard there was a mod which adjust the hrs better, but there's still no global synchronization clock. Sims' ages are completely irrelevant. Your teenager can go to a community lot, say a business, and live there if you have a bed to sleep. Then come back when he's an elder while his parents didn't age at all.
Unless you got another new mod I haven't heard about, come on. This is basic TS2. In University, sims that goes off to commercial lots get desynced from the rest of the dormmates who didn't.
Most of us who play sims 2 don't want households we are not playing to age, because we rotate and play all the households.
Fair enough, but I mentioned this as "why" those who enjoy TS3 typically cannot go back. Once your world is opened, just can't go back into the box. And as this is a TS3 forum, I believe people who enjoy TS3 would more or less have the same feeling about the dollhouse.
So TS2 players shouldn't be defensive, it is not as though I'm posting this with the target audience of TS2 players telling them not to play TS2. I'm simply answering a question a TS3 player is asking about how TS2 would appear to them.
Originally Posted by daisylee
I am the same. When each new version came out I moved to the next and never went back. Had no interest in doing that. OTHER than 4. I have played 4 700 hours I think. Probably have played 3 tens of thousands of hours.
Yeah, I'm like that with most games and programs. I mean, I loved Simcity 4 and Simcity 2013 is just weak by far. However, it is just hard to go back to the old 2D graphics and the clumsy controls. Went to Starcraft 2, just couldn't go back to 1 despite the greater gameplay in 1. Black and White 2, couldn't go back to 1. All the Ultima series, after playing 7, couldn't go back to 6, despite the larger world and more depth and complexity.
The only one that is different is Battle for Middle Earth b/c the game dynamics are different, it is like 2 different games and the graphics/controls are virtually the same. And of course, games which I couldn't move on to the next in the series b/c the successor is such a weak version - Sims 4, Ultima 8, Star Control 3, etc...
Naus Allien
Because it's open world (I find loading screen between lots immersion-breaking), and it has amazing core features like story progression, Create-A-Style and traits. Sims in TS3 have the most interesting personalities out of all the games in the series IMO. It also runs really well on my PC (I know not everyone has the same experience). Graphics still look really nice (especially environments) and the sound design and soundtrack is top notch.
#33 26th Apr 2020 at 11:16 PM
You hate loading screen, fair enough, I hate sims 3 rabbit holes. You feel trapped on a home lot I felt trapped waiting outside a rabbit hole, so its all perspective. Sims 3 open-world looks nice (and the colour wheel is great I miss that) but it unfortunately made me ill and I'm not the only one so I would rather have a loading screen than feel ill. There are a lot of games that give me motion sickness, it's a real pain.
Motion sickness is serious illness, I understand that, but you don't need to follow your Sim through their way to their destination. You can watch another Sims during that period if you have more then one in your household (which for me is the best feature of open world in Sims 3, possibility to control all of my Sims whenever in the world they are), you can focus straight to their destination and wait there for them, you can just divert your head from the screen and wait till your Sim is in their destination. It's not Sims 3 fault you can't take measures to prevent your sickness.
You can turn aging off and age your Sims manually and unlike in Sims 2, turn aging off will not stop your pregnancy progress. You can set long or epic aging, so Sims will be less likely to age while you play with other families. Or you can download mods which will give you Sims 2 style aging, though I think EA should implement this into Sims 3 natively. You can also turn story progression off, though that feature was bugged in vanilla game. Every player is different and I am actually the kind of player who hated Sims 2 for forcing me to rotational gameplay. I don't want to play for Sims I despise like Don Juan or the Caliente sisters, just so I don't see them around my neighbourhood in my Sims' third generation. And I know for fact I am not the only one annoyed by this as I read a lot of similar comments under a review of Sims 2 from 2004.
Yeah, business model is definitely one thing Sims 2 did better than 3. I wish they implemented this to Sims 3, but I don't know if simulation of such in-game economy wouldn't be too much to handle for the game engine, sadly.
Went to ... Black and White 2, couldn't go back to 1.
But going to Black and White after Heart Gold and Soul Silver, which I still consider the best Pokémon games so far, felt similarly degressive to me as going from Sims 3 to Sims 4, though not as extremely so, since Black and White were still enjoyable games mostly for their great story, which was worth going through very frustrating XP model in BW.
Yeah. The difference between the games one your Sim disappears out of the screen and the other you're stuck looking at the building (or switch to another Sim that isn't looking. I don't see how that's a con when it applies to TS2 but whatever. Though with TS3, the pros you can explore the world while you're ALL sims are at work.
armyangel93
The open world and story progression as well as customization. I prefer the Sims 2's makeups simply because they appeared "different," more textured and visibly different from one another whereas Sims 3 lipsticks look all the same to me, except for a slight few CC ones. The scenery is quite beautiful too and I love having minor pets. I feel like the EPs really fleshed out the game, minus one or two (lookin' at you Showtime), and made it feel alive and I like that feeling when playing a simulation.
Undead Molten Llama
#36 27th Apr 2020 at 12:43 AM
Thanks: 63338 in 101 Posts
Their semester clocks get desynced, yes, if you send them to a community lot in the Uni neighborhood. (If you send them to a community lot in a different subhood -- say one in a Downtown -- then the semester clock pauses as well, eliminating the desync.) But their ages don't get out of sync because no one ages at Uni in TS2 at all, same as they don't age while on vacation. It works the exact same way as TS3 does when it comes to uni and vacations. The semester clock getting desynced means that some dormmates graduate before others, sure, but in my book that's a good thing because IRL, some people take more time than others to get through a college career. When that happens in my TS2 game, I just make a note and adjust ages manually accordingly, once they're back in the main neighborhood, to reflect that some took longer than others to finish.
Other than that, in a regular neighborhood, Jo is correct that no one ages on community lots. If you're not using a mod, a Sim stays on a community lot for however long they stay. If a Sim stays past 6PM (which is when age increments in TS2) they don't age. If they stay there for days it doesn't matter. When they go home, it will be the same day and time as they left and neither they nor the other household members will have aged. None of them will age until 6PM is reached on the home lot. THAT is basic TS2. I actually don't like this system, which is why I mod it. Either way, it's completely untrue that Sim ages get out of sync by going to community lots. That's not how TS2 works at all. The situation in Uni does not apply universally.
Fair enough, but I mentioned this as "why" those who enjoy TS3 typically cannot go back. Once your world is opened, just can't go back into the box.
Funny, I can do so just fine. Maybe the majority of people who enjoy TS3 can't, but I don't think it's fair to say that NO ONE who enjoys TS3 can. I'm not even sure that they typically can't. I follow quite a few people on Tumblr who play both games, although it is more typical for people to play both 2 and 4 but not 3. But I imagine that a lot of people who now play 4 exclusively actually moved on from enjoying 3, so I don't even know that it's "typical" that people who've enjoyed an open world can't subsequently enjoy a closed one. Perhaps they appreciate a game that runs smoothly on lower-end computers over the more resource-intensive open world, I don't know.
Me, I appreciate both TS2 and TS3 for their strengths while also bearing in mind each of their weaknesses. For instance, if I want to focus on a single household/family in an already-built world and do the fun things you can do in TS3 but that are completely impossible in TS2 -- Like, say, playing a sea bum Sim who spends all of their time traveling around to all the worlds I have that have dive spots -- then I play TS3. That's the mode I'm in right now, since right now I'm more interested in building in TS2 than in playing it. But if I want to, for instance, organically grow a town from the ground up according to the needs of its population, all of which is created/controlled by me, then TS2 is frankly the ONLY choice. Both of my games are heavily modded to suit my personal preferences and have CC to make the aesthetics what I want them to be. I just choose the right tool for the "job" I'm currently in the mood to do. If I ever decide to try out TS4, I might very well find something I enjoy doing in it, too. Who knows? I see no reason to narrow my choices, personally. If someone else is most comfortable with and enjoys playing one game over the others, it's no skin off my back. You do you, as they say. Just don't make the mistake of thinking that your preferences apply to everyone because that's never true.
I'm mostly found on (and mostly upload to) Tumblr these days because, alas, there are only 24 hours in a day.
Muh Simblr! | An index of my downloads on Tumblr.
#37 27th Apr 2020 at 3:46 AM
The 4 GB patch makes sims 2 use up to 4GB. If we all got only 15 FP we wouldn't be playing it because that would drive me crazy.
I don't use the Sims 2 rabbit hole jobs very much because I'm an integrated hood player. I was talking about how in 3 you go to the grocery store or spa and you wait outside while a meter fills, those rabbit holes. If you have gone through the lovely open world to just sit outside the lot I don't see the point. That to me feels trapped. Playing integrated means playable sims run most things which does mean a ton of loading screens but I am used to them I guess since I've played this game since 2004. The pay off is lively community lots. My spa is player run as is my grocery store, that is more important to me than the open world. I want both, but an open world and all open lots that I can run myself would probably grind most computers to a halt. Plus then I am back to the motion sickness issue.
I think a lot (not all) of us sims 2 players are way more control freaks. We hate sims ageing on us, we hate sims doing stuff without us or for any major change to take place that we don't know of or approve. As for not watching a sim move in a car, I tried not to but when I played it I would click around each sim in the family so it would zoom from say the police station, to the school to whoever was collecting stuff, back to the house. I am guessing long term players probably don't do that? Either that or the movement doesn't bother them.
Well only that you mentioned an issue that is completely fixable with a mod. Some people really like the whole go back in time thing but I've had that modded out for some years now. If my sims leave a comm lot at 10pm they arrive home just after 10pm.
Then this age thing you mention is NOT how the game works at all, so either you have a mod messing things up or a really bad bug. Sims do not age on community lots, doesn't matter if it's owned or unowned if you sleep there or not. They only age at 6pm on the home lot. So that sim sleeping on an owned lot should not have aged at all.
Yes, the uni meter messes up in the uni hood but that isn't connected to ageing but rather class times and semesters. Again this is something I don't use a huge amount of as I have this area of the game highly modded so I play uni for 10 days mostly in the main hood and often it's just a couple of YA in a house by themselves. If the meter gets too messed up I just change how many hours it is to the exam. I have over 2 1/2 thousand mods (that is hacks) so my game doesn't resemble how it came out of the box very much.
You know if you talk about sims 2 we will arrive. Since I saw some things which were not necessarily true like that ageing bug I have to comment.
I am one of those who bought and played Simcity13 early on, so many server issues and space issues ugh. I haven't had that installed in ages.
It's so odd but when I do play sims 4 I find the camera and movement control so hard. I keep hitting the space bar to jump between sims and it doesn't work. Meanwhile, people say sims 2 is hard to manoeuvre and I have no issues at all. I think you just get use to whatever game you play and if you love it enough you mod out all the crap that annoys you the most.
Just on the window view thing and sims 2, your view is however much work you put into it. The one thing that can't be helped too much is the ugly lot imposters. There is a mod that makes lot imposter windows look better and another mod that lets you light them up (but they clash so you can only have one of them) Tiny hood, lots of small houses and ocean and hood view work and you can get nice views, but really it's how much effort you put into it. Sims 3 just gives you the view, I remember that fondly. I've added a couple of my window views. Those are 3 to 2 deco beach cabins on the second picture because we have a lot of sims 3 buildings converted for hood view. I don't use many but some people manage the view that way.
dlseis
I am a long-time player of Sims 2 and I think when it is properly modded, it is still the best Sims game but I don't have the time & energy to play multiple households anymore (I was on Gen 6 once but my neighborhood got corrupted). Briefly tried Sims 3 but it's too laggy and moved on to Sims 4. After 4 hours, I abandoned 4 because the game is just too dead for me.
So I returned to 3 for good. Playing on and off for the last 4 years.
I was talking about how in 3 you go to the grocery store or spa and you wait outside while a meter fills, those rabbit holes. If you have gone through the lovely open world to just sit outside the lot I don't see the point. That to me feels trapped.
I think that's the feel when Sims 3 base game came out. But it has been a long time since then. Granted we still can't do grocery shopping, unless we use mods and I think there is one, but much of a lot of things were later replaced with actual buildings and lots with registers.
Spa RH - there is a spa lot now which comes with a tatoo seat and a makeover station. Granted, it is quite limited compare to the TS2 barber chair, but this RH can actually be eliminated. And with store items, you can add a sauna and massage table, with mods you can add an NPC attendant.
Market RH - Market are replaced by the market register, which sells you food and other stuff. But again, without mods, you can only create a deco market, your sim just walks up to the register to buy. But this RH can be eliminated
Bookstore RH - same concept with register, etc...
Movie RH - replaced with Store Item movie theater. It comes with a ticket machine, which does some control of which ticket to buy for which theater showing, again require mods to really make it good.
Diner RH - completely replaced by food register, Bisto oven, etc...
There is actually a TS3 thread which someone asked if it is possible to run a RH free world. Theoretically yes, but using RH only for "jobs" or use this career mod thing to set open lot career for the RH jobs.
Yes, I remember in TS2 you have to buy grocery to fill your fridge and buy clothes for them to show up in CAS. However in a global game, that would be too much for the system to handle. Already with excessive mods, we're looking at "error 12" or out of RAM problems. So some compromises are required. This is what I was hoping TS4 could've overcome by a 64-bit open world engine.
What I miss most from TS2 is the dining experience and the opening your own business. You can still get most of those back with various mods, but some are glitchy, and otherwise it still doesn't get that feel. Ani's bistro mod is the best we can do for dining experience.
It's so odd but when I do play sims 4 I find the camera and movement control so hard. I keep hitting the space bar to jump between sims and it doesn't work.
If I remember correctly, TS4 uses a different camera and movement control, however you can turn it to TS3/TS2 style in the options menu.
Am I really the only one who actually prefer Sims 3 style of clothing makeover? At least I've found a mod that allowed to do clothes-shopping from home, which made things easier for me. Maybe it would be different experience with open world, but I still prefer 3 (or more with mods) different clothing styles per category I can freely switch between than having to go to dresser every time I want different clothing style for my Sims, only to find I have to buy the clothing pieces I want first. Sims 2 way may feel more realistic, but there's always thing where it's too much realism in even a simulation game and this was that for me.
I thought you might have a lot of that modded by now. That's good.
I think I last played in about 2012. It never ran well on my computer and I had very little cc and even that looked bad.
It's Sims 3 style that I have it set on...
Originally Posted by peno
There are numerous mods allowing you to either buy or get clothes for free at home in sims 2. With the plugin Closet gussy up mod on the sims pie menu, you can get and set clothes on any sim, anywhere. Plus it also allows for facial structure changes and general appearance changes like makeup and hair. One of my favourite mods. I do have playable clothing stores but I don't use them at every age up. Too lazy for that. I often use Monique's computer which lets sims buy just about everything online. Mostly mobile (cell) phones.
Yeah, I think it's the Monique's computer I use for online shopping, not only for clothes, but I am not 100% sure, since I have so many mods for Sims 2 that I am often forgetting what mod do what thing In Sims 3, I admittedly try to keep better watch over my mods, but sometime I too forget what mod added certain thing, which is especially the case with NRaas mods.
dinadine
yeah... because i know how much i hated 3, i go back and try to give 4 a try every now and then and even though the game has changed a lot since launch i still do not enjoy 4... but hey if they like it i am happy that they are happy but i hope 5 ( if there is a 5) is more like the others! i really did try to give it a chance.....
aisquared
Forum Resident
Eh..because CAST?
I've thought about it: that is one thing that makes me play 3 over and over. Maybe because I don't wanna go back on downloading multiple recolors of the same thing just to have to make things match-y. But that's just me speaking from a builder's perspective..
Xto3 Conversions Finds, a blog for all your xto3 needs (work in progress, stay tuned for updates)
Main simblr: aisquaredchoco ( ͡° ͜ʖ ͡°)
Pistence
Yes, I've never understood this complaint. Lots of things in TS2 happened off screen, like all jobs, school, the teenage sneak out, jogging, university classes, the "honeymoon" after a wedding. At least in TS3 you're not stuck staring at your home lot. I agree that community lots felt more organic in TS2, like restaurants and nightclubs. But just like TS3 a lot of these were also improved with expansions and not included in the basegame.
Octomb
Because I like how I can send one sim to grocery shopping while another sim is on the home lot and other one is in the arcade. Basically I love it how I can have multiple sims all across the town in different locations and I don't need to play any time "twice" all without loading screens.
I love the CAST, I like giving all my sims unique clothes with like colors and patterns that suit their personalities and I don't need to download any recolours (and even with those I do end up repeating the same red shirt for example). There is something about TS3 sims that make me bond with them compared to my TS2 sims. I think it's the traits and ease of customization, since all my sims in TS2 feel the same even if they have different points. I do acknowledge the social interactions are better in TS2 but I have grown tired of two similar sims doing the same things over and over again. I love how there is a slider for skintones, I love how I can make their eyes and hair any colour I want, it just helps make my sims more diverse without needing to download bunch of additional skins or eyes just for different tones and colours (and one thing that has me in slump with TS2 is that I want to change my default skin but then I might need to give up on having as many varied tones I have depending on which skin I want to change into).
I also prefer the skill system in TS3 better, I think it's more fleshed out and more varied and I really like how in TS3 expansions included skills, a thing which wasn't really possible with TS2. The scope on skills feels really limited in TS2 in comparsion. Also gardening is much better in TS3 in my opinion.
I love story progression and how I can just focus on one family and if they have more than one kid I don't need to play with them all to keep their ages synced or them to grow their own families.
Originally Posted by Pistence
It's probably because in the basegame, grocery stores, spas, stores, and restaurants were rabbitholes, and they never really received a 'full' expansion pack that fleshes them out.
Yes, I know that some of these were expanded on via the store and mods as mentioned by nitromon, but they still are a bit janky on the UI- and gameplay-side of things (which made them feel less fulfilling) due to their piecemeal implementation. There was also no OfB expansion that brought everything under one umbrella- so some objects like the pizza oven, teppanyaki grill, and massage tables (umodded) are missing potential community lot gameplay
Simultaneously, unfixed quirks with TS3 meant that if you didn't properly balance your population and community lot counts, you ran into issues of empty community lots. I find that once you get a good balance, the community lots are never really empty- and are really quite fulfilling.
Originally Posted by jje1000
I completely agree, I just wanted to emphasize what nitromon wrote about being off lot = same as a rabbithole.
simmer22
#49 27th Apr 2020 at 7:29 PM Last edited by simmer22 : 27th Apr 2020 at 11:51 PM.
Honestly, the only things I truly miss when I play TS2 is having a nice background to outdoor photos (which can be fixed with hood deco), on a few occasions CASt (but at the same time TS2 does have a lot more room for details in the textures), and sometimes being able to do photoshoots away from the house without needing to go through a loading screen (mostly because TS2 lot imposters can be really annoying). But I have found a lot of workarounds, and I prefer doing photoshoots with TS2 because it offers a lot more control on lots. I know how the game behaves, know which rules it follows, and I'm comfortable with that. Currently having some pink-flashy problems, but Bodyshop is working like a charm, so at least I get some of my projects done until I figure out what's wrong...
TS3 is a resource hog and back when I did play it, the game kept borking my saves. I guess I have a tendency to just give it up after a while (installing ITTF broke the game on my old laptop, and I never got around to reinstalling, so I went about 4-5 years without playing it). I have installed it on my new laptop, but at the moment I'm struggling to even get the game working properly (floodfill grass for some reason, and I hate that shiny overlay everywhere, and via Origin creates its own set of issues). It's a fun game when it works, but it's a pain to fix because it doesn't "work straight out of the box" like it did on my previous laptop. I have all the EPs for the playability, but gave up a bit on the SPs (I don't have any).
TS4 is... well, it's the game I play when none of the above work properly, which means I've played it a bit more than usual the past year. Basically whenever I get simming abstinences and want to play "a" sims game, but not the one I actually want to play (which is TS2). I got it partly for the purpose of converting CC. I play it for a couple or so hours, and then I get bored, because most of the time it's uneventful and quite uninteresting, and quite frankly offers very little challenge, and either need to be modded to infinity and beyond or needs most of the way too many packs to even be remotely interesting for more than a few hours at a time (in contrast, back when I bought TS2 I played with just NL and Uni for hours at an end until the next pack came out, pretty much every single day - and all the EPs after that added something fun and interesting to the game. I'm still surprised I got any sleep back then... I think TS2 was partly responsible of making me into the night-owl I am today )
I would play TS3 over TS4, even relatively unmodded (except for some annoyance fixes and such) and just for the fun of it, because it does have a lot more fun to offer - but I am a little worried about the resource hogging, and I do prefer when I can save the game and trust that save to work at least 99% of the time (so far, TS2 and a relatively unmodded TS4 are a bit more reliable there, though TS4 has a bucketload of patching issues... ).
My site - TS2 baby stuff - ToU
My stories: Anna's diary - Memories are forever - Little Fire Burning
chocoberrychoco
Originally Posted by simmer22
TS4 is... well, it's the game I play when none of the above work properly, which means I've played it a bit more than usual the past year. Basically whenever I get simming abstinences and want to play "a" sims game, but not the one I actually want to play (which is TS2). I got it partly for the purpose of converting CC. I play it for a couple or so hours, and then I get bored, because most of the time it's uneventful and quite uninteresting, and quite frankly offers very little challenge, and either need to be modded to infinity and beyond or needs most of the way too many packs to even be remotely interesting for more than a few hours at a time (in contrast, back when I bought TS2 I played with just NL and Uni for hours at an end, pretty much every single day - I'm still surprised I got any sleep back then... I think TS2 made me into the night-owl I am today...)
I feel the same way with TS4. Sometimes I just want a game that's mildly entertaining, but I don't care much for. I just download basemental drugs and other mods and just goof around in TS4 lol.


text:
Longines Global Champion Tour Cannes
Sports and leisure, Competitive sport, Equestrian sports in Cannes
Return from the Jumping International de Cannes.
Cannes will once again host the Jumping International at the Hespérides stadium, after an absence of two years due to Covid. The Cannes Jumping is one of the most important in the world. It is a major stage in the world show jumping circuit "Longines Global Champions Tour". This equestrian competition, which is a must in Cannes' events and sports calendar, combines elegance and top-level sport. Moreover, it is part of the ambitious "Cannes, capital of outdoor sport" programme launched in... Read more
Cannes will once again host the Jumping International at the Hespérides stadium, after an absence of two years due to Covid. The Cannes Jumping is one of the most important in the world. It is a major stage in the world show jumping circuit "Longines Global Champions Tour". This equestrian competition, which is a must in Cannes' events and sports calendar, combines elegance and top-level sport. Moreover, it is part of the ambitious "Cannes, capital of outdoor sport" programme launched in 2016 by David Lisnard, which aims to encourage the practice of sport and the organisation of quality sporting events throughout the city.
"Cannes is proud to host one of the three largest jumping events in the world. This historic event is a prestigious fixture in Cannes' calendar of events. It contributes to animating the city and maintains its status as the capital of elegant sports. Through its sporting, media and tourist influence, the Jumping International contributes to the development of the city and the Cannes brand. We welcome it to the Hespérides Stadium, renovated and embellished by the municipality. From June onwards, it will benefit from a club house and landscaped areas in order to provide the public and users with a quality infrastructure.
David Lisnard, Mayor of Cannes
The Jumping, a key equestrian event for 39 years
The first Jumping International de Cannes was organised in 1982 in the Hespérides district. It has become a must, and is part of a long and rich tradition of equestrian disciplines in Cannes, notably passed on by the English winterers in the 19th century.
The Jumping returns for its 39th edition from Thursday 2 to Saturday 4 June 2022. During these three days, the best riders of the equestrian world will follow one another at the Hespérides stadium, in the Pointe Croisette area. The Cannes stage is the seventh of the "Longines Global Champions Tour", the international equestrian show jumping competition.
In 2019, this competition brought together 120 competitors and over 12,600 spectators, proof of its success with the public.
Encouraging the practice of sport, creating and improving sports infrastructures
This annual event is fully in line with the "Cannes, capital of outdoor sport" programme launched in April 2016 by David Lisnard to encourage the people of Cannes to practice sport.
This municipal approach also takes the form of the creation and renovation of sports infrastructures in all municipal districts to enable clubs and associations to benefit from sites and premises consistent with their activities and to improve the quality of reception for users.
Thus, the Hespérides stadium, which hosts this prestigious competition, has benefited from modernisation work undertaken by the municipality since 2017. The first two phases of these operations allowed, among other things, the creation of a new removable synthetic pitch, an 8,600 m2 asphalt surface, a 760 m2 underground retention basin to regulate the inflow of water into the rainwater collector, the replacement of the pitch's lighting and the renovation of the multi-activity room. The third phase, scheduled for completion before the competition, includes: renovation of the stand, renovation of the changing rooms, construction of a sanitary block, construction of a clubhouse for the resident football association (Olympique Suquétan Cannes Croisette) and the development of green areas to enhance the site.
In addition, as it does every year, the Cannes Town Hall provides logistical and financial support to the J.F.B International Horse Show association for the successful holding of this event, which contributes to the international, sporting and tourist reputation of Cannes and the Côte d'Azur.
Dates to be confirmed
From 2 June
to 4 June
Stade des Hespérides
Avenue de Lérins
www.jumpingcannes.com
Updated on August 29, 2022 at 2:37 PM


Rooster Badger Saddles are naturally a creamy ivory in color with a black stripe down the center of the quill.
Strung Rooster Badger Saddle Feathers approximately 4-6 inches long x 1 yard are strung (sewn) together near the tip of each quill. Rooster saddle (back) feathers are long and narrow, with a sharp pointed tip (between 1/4-1/2 inch wide). Saddles tend to have a natural sheen and are fluffy, soft flexible feathers.
This product is part of our Feather Rolls Strung By Yard - Rooster Saddle category.


Smart subscribers may download Wolfgang's latest album "Villains" straight to their phones. All you have to do is to text WOLFGANG to 3456 (PhP 2.50 per text). Another way is to visit wap.smart.com.ph/music on your mobile phone. By the way, Wolfgang will also have a concert at Music Museum this coming March 2009 (of course this won't be on the same date as the Eraserheads Concert on March 7, 2009. The event is dubbed as "Two Sides Live".