text:
// Copyright 2020 The Chromium Authors
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
// found in the LICENSE file.

#include "components/feed/core/v2/types.h"
#include "base/json/json_reader.h"
#include "base/json/json_writer.h"
#include "base/logging.h"
#include "base/strings/string_util.h"
#include "components/feed/core/v2/persistent_key_value_store_impl.h"
#include "testing/gtest/include/gtest/gtest.h"

namespace feed {
namespace {

std::string ToJSON(base::ValueView value) {
  std::string json;
  CHECK(base::JSONWriter::WriteWithOptions(
      value, base::JSONWriter::OPTIONS_PRETTY_PRINT, &json));
  // Don't use \r\n on windows.
  base::RemoveChars(json, "\r", &json);
  return json;
}

}  // namespace

TEST(PersistentMetricsData, SerializesAndDeserializes) {
  PersistentMetricsData data;
  data.accumulated_time_spent_in_feed = base::Hours(2);
  data.current_day_start = base::Time::UnixEpoch();
  data.visit_start = base::Time::UnixEpoch() + base::Minutes(2);
  data.visit_end = base::Time::UnixEpoch() + base::Minutes(4);
  data.time_in_feed_for_good_visit = base::Seconds(30);
  data.did_report_good_visit = true;
  data.did_scroll_in_visit = true;

  const base::Value::Dict serialized_dict = PersistentMetricsDataToDict(data);
  const PersistentMetricsData deserialized_dict =
      PersistentMetricsDataFromDict(serialized_dict);

  EXPECT_EQ(R"({
   "day_start": "11644473600000000",
   "did_report_good_visit": true,
   "did_scroll_in_visit": true,
   "time_in_feed_for_good_visit": "30000000",
   "time_spent_in_feed": "7200000000",
   "visit_end": "11644473840000000",
   "visit_start": "11644473720000000"
}
)",
            ToJSON(serialized_dict));
  EXPECT_EQ(data.accumulated_time_spent_in_feed,
            deserialized_dict.accumulated_time_spent_in_feed);
  EXPECT_EQ(data.current_day_start, deserialized_dict.current_day_start);
  EXPECT_EQ(data.visit_start, deserialized_dict.visit_start);
  EXPECT_EQ(data.visit_end, deserialized_dict.visit_end);
  EXPECT_EQ(data.time_in_feed_for_good_visit,
            deserialized_dict.time_in_feed_for_good_visit);
  EXPECT_EQ(data.did_report_good_visit,
            deserialized_dict.did_report_good_visit);
  EXPECT_EQ(data.did_scroll_in_visit, deserialized_dict.did_scroll_in_visit);
}

TEST(PersistentMetricsData, DefaultValuesForGoodVisits) {
  PersistentMetricsData data;
  data.accumulated_time_spent_in_feed = base::Hours(2);
  data.current_day_start = base::Time::UnixEpoch();

  const base::Value::Dict serialized_dict = PersistentMetricsDataToDict(data);
  const PersistentMetricsData deserialized_dict =
      PersistentMetricsDataFromDict(serialized_dict);

  EXPECT_EQ(R"({
   "day_start": "11644473600000000",
   "did_report_good_visit": false,
   "did_scroll_in_visit": false,
   "time_in_feed_for_good_visit": "0",
   "time_spent_in_feed": "7200000000",
   "visit_end": "0",
   "visit_start": "0"
}
)",
            ToJSON(serialized_dict));
  EXPECT_EQ(data.accumulated_time_spent_in_feed,
            deserialized_dict.accumulated_time_spent_in_feed);
  EXPECT_EQ(data.current_day_start, deserialized_dict.current_day_start);
  EXPECT_EQ(base::Time(), deserialized_dict.visit_start);
  EXPECT_EQ(base::Time(), deserialized_dict.visit_end);
  EXPECT_EQ(base::Seconds(0), deserialized_dict.time_in_feed_for_good_visit);
  EXPECT_EQ(false, deserialized_dict.did_report_good_visit);
  EXPECT_EQ(false, deserialized_dict.did_scroll_in_visit);
}

TEST(PersistentMetricsData, CanHandleMissingGoodVisitsState) {
  absl::optional<base::Value> dict = base::JSONReader::Read(R"({
   "day_start": "11644473600000000",
   "time_spent_in_feed": "7200000000"
}
)");
  ASSERT_TRUE(dict.has_value());
  ASSERT_TRUE(dict->is_dict());
  PersistentMetricsData data = PersistentMetricsDataFromDict(dict->GetDict());
  EXPECT_EQ(base::Time(), data.visit_start);
  EXPECT_EQ(base::Time(), data.visit_end);
  EXPECT_EQ(base::Seconds(0), data.time_in_feed_for_good_visit);
  EXPECT_EQ(false, data.did_report_good_visit);
  EXPECT_EQ(false, data.did_scroll_in_visit);
}

TEST(Types, ToContentRevision) {
  const ContentRevision cr = ContentRevision::Generator().GenerateNextId();

  EXPECT_EQ("c/1", ToString(cr));
  EXPECT_EQ(cr, ToContentRevision(ToString(cr)));
  EXPECT_EQ(ContentRevision(), ToContentRevision("2"));
  EXPECT_EQ(ContentRevision(), ToContentRevision("c"));
  EXPECT_EQ(ContentRevision(), ToContentRevision("c/"));
}

TEST(Types, ContentHashSet) {
  feedstore::StreamContentHashList g1;
  g1.add_hashes(3);
  g1.add_hashes(1);
  feedstore::StreamContentHashList g2;
  g2.add_hashes(2);
  ContentHashSet v123(std::vector<feedstore::StreamContentHashList>{g1, g2});
  feedstore::StreamContentHashList h1;
  h1.add_hashes(4);
  feedstore::StreamContentHashList h2;
  h2.add_hashes(1);
  h2.add_hashes(3);
  feedstore::StreamContentHashList h3;
  h3.add_hashes(2);
  ContentHashSet v1234(
      std::vector<feedstore::StreamContentHashList>{h1, h2, h3});

  EXPECT_TRUE(v1234.ContainsAllOf(v123));
  EXPECT_FALSE(v123.ContainsAllOf(v1234));
  EXPECT_TRUE(v1234.Contains(4));
  EXPECT_FALSE(v123.Contains(4));
  EXPECT_FALSE(v123.IsEmpty());
  EXPECT_TRUE(ContentHashSet().IsEmpty());
  /*std::vector<uint32_t> actual_values(
      v1234.values().begin(), v1234.values().end());
  std::vector<uint32_t> expected_values({1, 2, 3, 4});
  EXPECT_EQ(expected_values, actual_values);*/
}

}  // namespace feed

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


From food52.com; serves 6-8; ready in about 45 minutes.
Heat olive oil in a large metal pot and add in diced onions and sugar, stir to incorporate. Keep temperature on medium heat and saute until golden brown, around 15 minutes. Add in minced garlic and cook for a few minutes until garlic turns light brown. Drain the garbanzo beans and rinse well, add to the cooking pot along with the raisins and saute for 2 minutes. Add in the diced tomatoes with the liquid to the cooking pot, turn heat down to low.
Cut the escarole in small chunky pieces and wash well. The best way to do this is to fill a very large bowl or sink with warm water and throw the cut escarole in the water and swish around several times. The dirt will sink to the bottom and the clean escarole will rise to the top. Take the clean escarole out and lay on a dry towel to dry off for a second. Add the escarole to the cooking pot. Stir the escarole every few minutes. The greens will start wilting down very fast. Braise this in the pot for around 15-20 minutes on low heat. Add the salt and ground pepper to taste.
If you like cheese as much as I do you can top the dish of with some freshly grated parmesan or romano cheese.


text:
Q: How to Mock Command Object that is inside Controller I have a controller class, inside of which i have a command object. I have a method find() which uses this command object as follows:
class itemController{

    //command object
    class SearchCommand{
        String email
        static constraints={
            email blank:false,email:true
        }

def find = {SearchCommand sc ->
    if(!sc.hasErrors()){
     ----- do something---
}

}

Now, I am writing a test case to test the find method in the controller. But the test case fails at
  if(!sc.hasErrors())

as sc is still 'null'. I am not sure how to handle this inner class command object in the test case.
The test case that i have written so far is:
class itemControllerTests extends ControllerUnitTestCase {

    void testFind(){
    def model = controller.find()
    assertNotNull(model)
    }
}

How do I handle the inner class Command Object in the test case. Do I mock it? I have tried using mockCommandObject(?), but not sure how should i pass the inner class command object to this?

A: You can use mockCommandObject
Class RioController
class RioController {
    class UserCommand{
        String email
        static constraints = {
            email blank: false, email: true
        }
    }

    def load={UserCommand cmd ->
        if(cmd.validate()){
            flash.message = "Ok"
        }
        else{
            flash.message = "Where is the email?"
        }
    }
}

Class RioControllerTests
import grails.test.mixin.*
import org.junit.*

@TestFor(RioController)
class RioControllerTests {

    @Test
    void testLoad(){
        mockCommandObject RioController.UserCommand
        controller.load()
        assert flash.message == "Where is the email?"

        params.email = "verynew@email.com"
        controller.load()
        assert flash.message == "Ok"
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Department of Modern Art "Art Slobozhanshchina"
Аctivity
Methodical Materials
Folklore Research Laboratory
Еthnophoto
Record Library
Notations and Lyrics
Department of Methodical Work
Legislation in the Field of Culture
Normative Documents of ZKT
Normative Documents Certification of Creative Teams
Competitions, Reviews, Festivals
Seminars, Master Classes
Composition of the Attestation Commission
Schedule of Meetings of the Attestation Commission
Decisions of the Board of the Department of Culture
Creative Reports of Teams on the Occasion of Confirmation (Assignment) of the Title
Creative Groups of the Region
Folklore Groups
Choreographic Groups
Theater Groups
Vocal and Choral Groups
Department of the Intangible Cultural Heritage Research and Creative Industries
Сreative industries
International Cultural Cooperation
Grants, Investments
The Open Grant Competitions
Search Grantmakers
How to Get a Grant?
Methodcabinet
Previews Center
Methodical cabinet
Folk Calendar
Structure and Administration
About Us in Media
All material on this site is intended solely for review purposes without commercial use. Created by:
Reprint articles permitted only when placing direct links https://www.cultura.kh.ua
Exemplary choreographic group "Droplet»
Krasnogradsky District House of Culture
Exemplary choreographic group "droplet" was established in 1988. In 1994, awarded the title of "model».
Dancing different character repertoire consists of staff: national "Ukrainian dyvotsvit", "Pleskach", "Peddlers" plot, humorous "Porushka-Parana," pop "Hafaka", "Everything in Delhi hats ».
«droplet» more than 80 participants are children aged 5 to 17 rokiv.Kerivnyk team - Irina Pilipenko, a professional level, constantly working to improve performance skills team. For a significant contribution and promotion of amateur dance art Irina has awarded letters of appreciation of the Culture Administration, District Department of Culture, the district administration.
choreographic group "droplet" is very popular among the inhabitants of the region. Permanent member of International, regional, district, competitions, festivals, reviews. For successful performances in regional events, "borderless flow", "Spring Bells," "Spring colors", "Dyvohray", "Colorful carousel" team was repeatedly awarded with diplomas and certificates.
In 2007, the National festival-contest of children's folk dance "Toloka" (Kharkov), the team was awarded the Third degree.
Folk Dance Ensemble «Joy»
Volchansky District House of Culture
Founded Ensemble - March 23, 1953. In 1967 - the group was given the honorary title of "amateur folk dance».
The repertoire of the ensemble, there are 37 dance songs of them - Ukrainian: "Welcome", "Kolomyyky", "Hopak" n "Russkaya quadrille", "Svetyt month" and Moldavia, Belarus and modern dance.
To date, the band engaged in children and adults of three age groups (4 to 40 years), and he has 30 participants of the primary and middle part and 60 dancers preparatory group.
for 48 years the team was headed by Honored Worker of Culture of Ukraine Vasyl P. Gromov. Since 2001, the case was continued by his pupil, Alexei Ivanovich clamps.
In October 2006 the ensemble participated in the first regional qualifying round of the Ukrainian Festival Competition. P. Virsky, which took third place. Also awarded for participation in local festivals - "Slobozhanska colors" (Kharkov, 2007), "Dancing Kharkiv" (Kharkov, 2007).
currently no massive cultural district event does not occur without the participation of the national amateur dance ensemble "Joy».
exemplary ensemble variety dancesport "Vizavi»
Solonytsivskoho children's club "Eaglet" Dergachivsky District
team sports pop-dance "Vizavi" was established in 1992 based on Solonytsivskoho kids' club "Eaglet." In December 2001 the team managed by Alexander O. flying, awarded the title of "model».
repertoire includes imaginative, meaningful story room with stylistic unity and choreographic imagery resolution. Manager creates dance compositions in the form of mini-play or theatrical act: "Prayer," "Adagio for dolls," "Hunting wolves».
in ensembles involved three children ages (5 to 16 years) and has 47 participants.
head of nontrivial collective Alexandra Alexandrovna volatile inherent responsibility and perseverance. She is a professional choreographer, director, uses in the new trends variety of sports choreography. For flying in 2006 was outstanding. For personal contribution to the revival and development of cultural and artistic traditions of the region, a highly artistic works, she received scholarships Kharkiv regional state administration in the field of Culture and Arts. PP Virsky, and in March 2007 she was awarded the title "Honorary Kharkiv in 2006».
team sports pop-dance "Vizavi" constantly participates in district, regional, national and international festivals, competitions, in particular, in 2011.
last victory was in this year's international competition choreography "Dancing Breeze" in Kerch, where the team was awarded I grade.
exemplary ensemble Ballroom Dance Sport "range"
Municipal House of Culture Kupyansk
exemplary ensemble Ballroom Dance Sport "Spectrum" was created in 1985. In 2004, a high level and performance art, active in the development and promotion of folk art ensemble was awarded the title of "exemplary" in 2007, the team confirmed this title.
founder and leader of the team - Svetlana V. Shiryaeva. It is also one of the founders of public fund for gifted children "Legacy." The decision of the municipality number 41 on January 17, 2006 awarded the title "Man of the Year - 2005" in nomination "Culture and art».
ensemble "Spectrum" - an active participant in regional activities, including regional festivals "borderless flow" and "Dance Extravaganza". On its own initiative in the city and district staff spends a lot of charity concerts, proceeds from which go on keeping kids somatic compartment of the central hospital Kupyansk.
number of ensemble members - 20 men between the ages of 6 to 17 years.
repertoire is based on point-sports and modern compositions, "Metamorphosis," "Illusions," "Formation", "This we».
In 2010, received the Grand Prix I Ukrainian festival-competition dance ensembles' Cup Star Dance-2010 "(Luhansk), Winner of I grade (Festival-concert tour of Europe), the dancers' Spectra 'Alex Mordvinov and Tatiana Zaika took III place in the championship of Ukraine (Kiev, juniors), Cup holders Mordvinov peace Alex and Tatiana Zaika («Star Light2010» Kyiv). In 2011, the "Spectrum" took 3rd place in the open championship of Luhansk region among dance groups (Luhansk).
Model Hobby choreographic groups «Smile» and «Baby-Boom»
BC "vegetable" Merefa Kharkiv region
choreographic collective «Smile» was founded in 1988, his first name "Ulыbka." Founder and leader of the group - Irina Serdyuk. In 2003 was opened younger choreographic group «Baby-Boom». Team «Smile» is composed of two age groups (11-15 and 8-10 years). Team «Baby-Boom» is the younger group «Smile», he in turn made up of older group (7-8 years), medium (5-7 years) and younger (3-4 years).
Thanks to the fruitful work of the group over the past 5 years, systematically took prizes in competitions at various levels. In 2008 the group became an honorary member of the Association of Modern Dance Pop Ukraine in Kharkiv. Following the review, dance groups, Kharkiv region in 2009 was recognized as the best first among 46 teams represented.
composition of groups - 80 participants.
repertoire consists of dances of different dance genres: contemporary, folk, classic.
Supporting choreographic collectives groups
Ensemble Dance "Richness» Palace of Culture "chemist" Pervomaysk. Manager - Natalia Savelivna Zavodun.
choreographic ensemble "Carousel» Palace of Culture "chemist" Pervomaysk. Manager - Irina Andreeva.
choreographic ensemble "Zest» Bugaevskaya rural House of Culture, Izyumskogo area. Manager - Olga Myronchyk
choreographic ensemble of national dance «Triumph» Shevchenko District House of Culture. Manager - Svetlana Smolyakova and Alina A. Barabanova.
modern dance group "Neposedы» Khoroshevsky House of Culture, Kharkov region. Manager - Irina Emelyanivna Salohub.
choreographic group "dance of the soul»
choreographic group "Dance of the Soul" led by Viktor Ivanovich Podkolizna, former dancer of the Kharkov State Opera and Ballet for 5 years helps women over 40 to stay beautiful, slim, young heart and soul body.
The repertoire of the group diverse in genre and style of dancing: Ukrainian, tango, Eastern, Lityn-American and others. Creative inspiration is transmitted to participating team leader and gives women of faith in yourself, femininity, health and attractiveness.
staff willing to participate in public events, concerts, records and competitions. Three member team O.Dyeda, S.Danylina and S.Siryk with others presented in Kharkiv grand dance show of Ukraine "Square's».
Activities » Department of Methodical Work » Creative Groups of the Region »

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Use this form to work out how long to cook your roast Beef, Pork, Lamb, Chicken, Duck, Goose, Mongoose, Koala, Dog, etc for. Always read the instructions, remember to pre-heat the oven. When done make sure the juices run clear when poked with a sharp stick, allow the product to rest when taken out of the oven. Use this form at your own risk, it works for me.
190 C, 375 F, Gas Mark 5.
20 minutes per 500g plus 20 minutes extra.
Ensure that the meat is properly cooked, and the juices run clear when pierced with a fork or skewer.
Ensure that the chicken is piping hot and that no pink colour remains.
If you are adding stuffing, add its weight to the chickens before calculating the cooking time.
Always wash your hands after handling raw poultry.
Rare - 20 minutes per 500g plus 20 minutes extra.
Medium - 25 minutes per 500g plus 25 minutes extra.
Well Done - 30 minutes per 500g plus 30 minutes extra.
Cook raw meat thoroughly throughout until it is piping hot and no pink colour remains.
55 minutes per 1kg plus 25 minutes extra.
Always check that the roast is cooked throughout, until piping hot and no pink colour remains.
Duck contains more fat than chicken. Prick the skin with a fork to allow the fat to drain into the tray.
If you are adding stuffing, add its weight to the ducks before calculating the cooking time.


The refrain of this mele is "Kū haʻaheo, e kuʻu Hawaiʻi." When we perform it, we are making a commitment. A pact to do just that, to stand proudly. This is a modern mele, written in contemporary times, but it calls back to mele and moʻolelo traditions of the past, because what we stand for when we chant these words is what we have always stood for as a people. The ʻāina and the lāhui.
This video was recorded on April 3rd, 2015, one day after the first arrests were made on the mauna, and the mele taught within brings strength to aloha ʻāina everywhere. Mele like these, like "I Kū Mau Mau," like "Mele ʻAi Pōhaku," bring us together and remind us to just keep paddling. We are making a difference. Join our voices together and hoe a mau, e ka lāhui, hoe a mau.


Sometimes, what separates brunch from breakfast is the addition of some adult beverages. While not everyone digs AM drinks, a Caesar or a Mimosa does spark joy for many Vancouver brunch-goers.
Happy hour, on the other hand, is a construct in its infancy in B.C., where the practice of offering and promoting discounted drinks during off-peak hours has only been allowed by the powers that be since mid-2014. Restaurants have largely embraced the trend, using it as a way to add on service hours ahead of dinner, or bridge the gap to offset lulls.
Fill a Collins glass with ice, then add all ingredients in order (except garnish) and stir. Top with more ice and a splash of cider, and garnish with fresh apple slices.
The Old Fashioned is, arguably, the original cocktail, or at least, the whisky version of it.
The Mexican Firing Squad by Ryley Zucca. Dan Toulgoet photo.
Shake all the ingredients except soda with ice. Strain over fresh ice in a Collins glass. Top with soda and garnish with a lime wheel. Serves 1.
*La Mezcaleria's grenadine: Place 1 cup pomegranate juice (fresh is best, but bottled 100-per-cent pomegranate juice will also work) in a small saucepan. Cook over medium-low heat for approximately 5 minutes. To preserve the bright, fresh flavour, do not boil or reduce the juice. Remove from the heat and add 1 cup sugar and a couple of dashes of orange flower water. Stir until sugar is dissolved. This will keep, refrigerated, in a clean glass jar for up to a week.
Read more about the inspiration behind this cocktail.
"On the one hand, it's hard to mess it up. But on the other hand, it's hard to perfect," says Ryley Zucca of La Mezcaleria about the Margarita. Dan Toulgoet photo.
It's the taste of a perfect summer afternoon: that citrus bite, the peppery hit of tequila, the touch of salt like the spray of a random ocean wave.
We're talking about the Margarita, of course; the quintessential summer cocktail that holds a mysterious past. When it comes to this particular dame's history, no one really knows what the truth is.
The coa is a specialized hoe used to harvest agave. Here it's also the inspiration for Luke McInnes' tequila-based variation on a Caribbean-style swizzle, now on the menu at Blue Water Café.
Stir—or swizzle—all the ingredients together in a highball glass, then fill the glass with crushed ice. Garnish with a sprig of mint. Serves 1.
The I Sat By The Ocean Cocktail by Jhol Spindler. Rebecca Wellman photo.


text:
Guest Columnist: Why Won't Lois Wexler Debate?
By Harold Zwillick
Lois Wexler has this statement posted on her District 5 (Broward County Commission) Web site:
"I strive to be accessible and responsive to your issues and concerns.
Your opinions and thoughts are important to me.
Please feel free to contact me at anytime by calling 954-357-7005 or by e-mail at:
lwexler@broward.org.
Being that Mrs. Wexler says she strives to be accessible, why will she not debate
the issues with her opponent for County Commission, Mr. Russell Setti, nor respond to media questionnaires regarding politics, such as CBS Channel 4?
If Lois Wexler is this inaccessible to the public prior to the election, how accessible would she be, if she should she win the vote of the people?
I find it DISTURBING, that an elected officials governmental website, is being used
as a subliminal Political campaign site.
Isn't this Illegal?
If this is legal, perhaps some of her campaign funds should be given to the county
to fund some of Broward counties Budget Shortfalls
6 Responses to "Guest Columnist: Why Won't Lois Wexler Debate?"
Richard J Kaplan says:
It absolutely is legal. Probably most elected official's web sites have similar language. Whether you believe it is true or not is something else, and granted, some elected officals are more accessible than others.
However, I believe that all of them read, or have read, whatever comments sent to them. If a voter is unsatisfied with the response, it may dictate how that voter will vote in the future.
Accessibility and debating may not be mutually the same, or some may believe they should be. The voter will decide.
Oops!!! says:
Hey Richard Kaplan, You know that Wexler is down right in bed w/one of the heaviest Lobbyists in Broward County and that's Judy Stern, who in the world do you think gave her the idea "NOT" to debate? Mr Zwillick, Please note, Wexler hates to be confronted on issues that she hasn't a clue about and she's not sure how she would vote. In some cases, she's all talk and no action. That's Lois Wexler and she's not related to Robert Wexler at all, she likes using the name because it makes her powerful and strong…
You don't like Lois Wexler, fine. You don't think she does her job the way you feel your elected officials should, fine. Or doesn't respond or debate or knows the answers to your problems, etc., fine. Don't vote for her.
However, don't blame Lois Wexler for having the same name as Congressman Wexler (it's not like she had a crystal ball to know who to marry years ago to coincidental have a last name of another popular congressman), or hiring Judy Stern (which it is well recognized that she has had her share of success, so it is a strategic choice that may or may not work), or decides not to debate (which is a strategy which may or may not be the best decision). Just take it for what it is, and Vote as you believe is best.
Wexler won't debate because she's too vulnerable. She has no record of success–on the commission or the school board. She has alienated the county and put it at a standstill. The county budget increased by 40-million this year. She was in favor of firing 300 people, actually wanted to put more out of work, including the administrator Bertha Henry. Wexler is a racist and has little to no grasp of the issues. She's never had a job–or a college education. She's a profession politician. There's no way she would debate–it would expose her for her true self. She doesn't even live in the district –just like her namesake–the other Wexler.
Beth The Bounty Hunter says:
Lois can be a real bitch BUT she does her homework and if she doesn't know an answer she will search for it. She did a good job on the School Board but I haven't watched commission meetings at all.
That's the problem..she NEVER knows the answer–or the questions for that matter. Kudos to you bounty hunter for not following commission meetings. Trust me, ignorance–like yours really is bliss.


text:
7 Celebrities Who Worked On the Trucks in The Past
Chris O'Dowd never returns borrowed designer suits
Olga Kurylenko Photos
Olga Kurylenko info
Born: 14 November, 1979
Birth Name: Olga Konstantinovna Kurylenko
Also Known As: Olga Kurylenko, Olga Kutylenko, Olha Kostiantynivna Kurylenko
Spouse: Damian Gabrielle ( 2006 – 2007) (divorced)
Cedric van Mol ( 2000 – 2004) (divorced)
Awards: 1 win & 2 nominations
Known for: Max Payne , The Assassin Next Door , Quantum of Solace , Hitman , Paris, Je T'Aime and more.
Watch movies with Olga Kurylenko online
Movie Year
There Be Dragons 2011
To the Wonder 2013
Oblivion 2013
Erased 2012
Vampire Academy 2014
Olga Kurylenko biography
This block contains the information about Olga Kurylenko and provides an insight into the life of the celebrity. From here you can also learn when, how and why the profession of an actor was chosen. Some interesting facts are waiting for you here.
Olga Kurylenko was born in November 1979 in Bryansk, in southern Ukraine. She had a typical Soviet childhood, in the same apartment with her were living her: aunt, uncle, cousin and grandparents. When she was 3, her parents divorced, and she remained with her mother. At the age of 13 years, Olga and her mother relocated to Moscow, where she was noticed by a representative of the modelling school, almost immediately. She was only 17th when she accepts a contract with a modeling agency in Paris. So she relocated to Paris. By the time she got 18th , she appeared on the covers of the most prestigious magazines, she worked as a model and source of inspirations for "Roberto Cavalli" and "Kenzo", later she became the face of "Triumph lingerie", "Bebe", "Clarins", and " Helena Rubinstein ". The first time Olga tried herself as an actress in 2003 for shooting a Seal's music video "Love is Divine", but a professional actress she became only in 2005. For the work "Finger of Love" she won the Brooklyn Film Festival award. In 2006, she performed in one scene of the film "Paris, I am in love with you". In 2007, Kurylenko has worked with Timothy Olyphant in the movie "The Hitman", where she played in a nude scene. In 2008, she performed Bond's girlfriend in "Quantum of Solace". In 2000, Olga got married with a French photographer Cedric van Mol, but four years later they divorced. In 2006 she married with an American businessman Damian Gabrielle, but soon the couple divorced. Currently she lives in Paris, since she received the French citizenship in 2001.
Where Olga Kurylenko born?
With the help of the Google satellite map you can find the place where Olga Kurylenko was born. By zooming in and out you can see the place itself and the area it is situated in and nearby. Find out where Olga Kurylenko was born. Now you can see the place itself even not traveling.
Olga Kurylenko filmography
Here you can learn about the movies Olga Kurylenko acted in. You can see the names of the movies, their budget, years of release and the money gained from the screening of the certain movie. It is always interesting to know.
Movies & Videos Budget Year Opening weekend US box Office
Quantum of Solace - Camille $200M 2008 $67.5M $168M
Max Payne - Natasha $35M 2008 $17.6M $40.7M
Hitman - Nika Boronina $24M 2007 $13.2M $39.7M
Paris, Je T'Aime - La vampire (segment "Quartier de la Madeleine") $13M 2006 $39.2K $4.86M
The Assassin Next Door - Galia $3M 2009
Centurion - Etain 2010 $42.8K $122K
The Snake - Sofia 2006
L'annulaire - Iris 2005
А l'est de moi - La prostituйe russe 2008
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There's plenty of tea to spill when it comes to Cardi B admitting in an Instagram story that she used to drug and rob men. Now, one man has come forward claiming to be an alleged victim. Since none of this has gone to court and no arrests were made, everyone is listening to the man's story, but taking it with a grain of salt. The allegations surfaced after Cardi B's previous Instagram live story went viral. Though some don't believe him, he has garnered his fair share of support and is using the hashtag #mentoo.
Now, people are comparing Cardi B to R. Kelly and even Bill Cosby and the hashtags #SurvivingCardi and #SurvivingCardiB are trending.
Cardi B does not deny the statements in the video where she said she robbed and drugged men while working as a stripper. She released a statement via Twitter explaining her actions and said the following.
Continuing in her statement, Carid B spoke about the alleged victims.
You may read Cardi B's statement on Twitter below.
Since Cardi B has spoken out about the video, the first of her alleged victims has come forward. He is on Instagram under the name JackKing_actor and has shared a number of videos telling his story of survival from his time spent in a hotel room with Cardi B.
You may see one of his many videos from Instagram below.
Though Cardi B has defended herself by saying the men she drugged and robbed were "conscious, willing, and aware" many people are asking how someone is conscious when drugged or willingly robbed.
There seems to be a lot more to this story and stay tuned for the latest news and drama.
What do you think about Jack King's story? Do you believe him? Do you believe Cardi B? Do you think Cardi B is like R. Kelly and Bill Cosby?


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text:
Related subjects: Divinities
About this schools Wikipedia selection
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विष्णु
Sanskrit Transliteration
viṣṇu
Bhagavan (Trimurti)
Vaikunta, Ksheera Sagara
Om Namo Narayanaya, Om Namo Bhagavate Vasudevaya,Om Vishnave Namaha
Sudarshana Chakra and the Kaumodaki
Lakshmi, Bhudevi
Vishnu (Sanskrit: विष्णु) is a main Vedic God (including His different avataras and/or expansions), venerated as the Supreme Being in the Vaishnavism. He is also commonly known as Narayana or Hari. Smarta followers of Adi Shankara, among others, venerate Vishnu as one of the five primary forms of God. The Vishnu Sahasranama declares Vishnu as Paramatman (supreme soul) and Parameshwara (supreme God). It describes Vishnu as the All-Pervading essence of all beings, the master of—and beyond—the past, present and future, one who supports, sustains and governs the Universe and originates and develops all elements within. This illustrates the omnipresent characteristic of Vishnu. Vishnu governs the aspect of preservation and sustenance of the universe, so he is called "Preserver of the universe".
In the Puranas, Vishnu is described as having the divine colour of water filled clouds, four-armed, holding a lotus, mace, shankha ( conch) and chakra (wheel). Vishnu is also described in the Bhagavad Gita as having a 'Universal Form' (Vishvarupa) which is beyond the ordinary limits of human perception or imagination.
His eternal or permanent abode beyond the material universe is Vaikuntha which is a realm of eternal bliss and happiness. It is also known as Paramdhama, which means final or highest place for liberated souls, where they enjoy eternal bliss and happiness. Vaikuntha is situated beyond the material universe and hence, can not be perceived or measured by material science and logics.
His other abode within the material universe is Ksheera Sagara, where he reclines and rests on Shesha. It is known to be the topmost realm in the material universe, even higher than Satyaloka where Brahma resides. Vishnu manages and sustains the universe from there. Hence, Ksheera Sagara is also sometimes known as local Vaikuntha of the material universe, which is approachable by demigods in order to meet the lord in case of any emergency or disturbance in universal balance.
In almost all Hindu denominations, Vishnu is either worshipped directly or in the form of his ten avatara, most famous of whom are Rama and Krishna. The Puranabharti describes each of these Dasavatara of Vishnu. Among the ten principal Avatara described, nine have occurred in the past and one will take place in the future, at the end of Kali Yuga. These incarnations take place in all Yugas in cosmic scales, the avatars and their stories show that gods are indeed unimaginable, unthinkable and unbelievable. The Bhagavad Gita mentions their purpose as being to rejuvenate Dharma and vanquish negative forces, the forces of evil that threaten Dharma, as also to display His divine nature in front of the conditioned/fallen souls.
The Trimurti (English: 'three forms'; Sanskrit: trimūrti) is a concept in Hinduism "in which the cosmic functions of creation, maintenance, and destruction are personified by the forms of Brahma the creator, Vishnu the maintainer or preserver, and Shiva the destroyer or transformer." These three deities have been called "the Hindu triad" or the "Great Trinity". Of the three members of the Trimurti, the Bhagavata Purana, which espouses the Vaishnavite viewpoint, explains that the greatest benefit can be had from Vishnu.
A 13th-century Cambodian statue of Vishnu
At Chennakesava Temple at Belur, Karnataka India
A 4th–6th century CE Sardonyx seal representing Vishnu with a worshipper. The inscription in cursive Bactrian reads: " Mihira, Vishnu (left) and Shiva".
12th century stone sculpture of God Vishnu flanked by two apsaras one with a fan(left) and the other with Tambura(right).
The traditional explanation of the name Viṣṇu involves the root viś, meaning "to settle" (cognate with Latin vicus, English -wich "village", Slavic: vas -ves, or also (in the Rigveda) "to enter into, to pervade", glossing the name as "the All-Pervading One". An early commentator on the Vedas, Yaska, in his Nirukta, defines Vishnu as vishnu vishateh "one who enters everywhere", and yad vishito bhavati tad vishnurbhavati, "that which is free from fetters and bondages is Vishnu".
Vishnu itself is the second name in the Vishnu Sahasranama, the thousand names of Vishnu. Adi Sankara in his commentary on the Sahasranama states derivation from viś, with a meaning "presence everywhere" ("As he pervades everything, vevesti, he is called Vishnu",). Adi Sankara states (regarding Vishnu Purana, 3.1.45): "The Power of the Supreme Being has entered within the universe. The root viś means 'enter into.'" Swami Chinmayananda, in his translation of Vishnu sahasranama further elaborates on that verse: "The root Vis means to enter. The entire world of things and beings is pervaded by Him and the Upanishad emphatically insists in its mantra 'whatever that is there is the world of change.' Hence, it means that He is not limited by space, time or substance. Chinmayananda states that that which pervades everything is Vishnu." The female form or avatar of Vishnu is Mohini.
The number of auspicious qualities of Vishnu as the supreme god are countless, with the following six qualities being the most important:
Jñāna (Omniscience), defined as the power to know about all beings simultaneously
Aishvarya (Sovereignty), derived from the word Ishvara, which consists in unchallenged rule over all
Shakti (Energy), or power, which is the capacity to make the impossible possible
Bala (Strength), which is the capacity to support everything by will and without any fatigue
Vīrya (Vigor), which indicates the power to retain immateriality as the supreme being in spite of being the material cause of mutable creations
Tejas (Splendor), which expresses His self-sufficiency and the capacity to overpower everything by His spiritual effulgence
Smriti and Shruti
In the Yajur Veda, Taittiryia Aranyaka (10-13-1), Narayana sukta, Lord Narayana is mentioned as the supreme being. The first verse of Narayana sukta mentions the words "paramam padam" which literally means "highest post" and may be understood as the "supreme abode for all souls". Rigveda (1.022.20a) for Vishnu also mentions the same "paramam padam". This special status is not given to any deity in the Vedas apart from Lord Vishnu and Lord Narayana. This perhaps is an indication that Narayana is just the another name for Vishnu himself, thus establishing the his supremacy. Narayana is also one of the thousand names of Vishnu as mentioned in the Vishnu Sahasranama.
In the Rigveda, Vishnu is mentioned 93 times. He is frequently invoked alongside other deities, especially Indra, who he helps in killing Vritra, and with whom he drinks Soma. His distinguishing characteristic in the Vedas is his association with light. Two Rigvedic hymns in Mandala 7 are dedicated to Vishnu. In 7.99, Vishnu is addressed as the god who separates heaven and earth. This characteristic he shares with Indra.
Hymn 7.100 refers to the celebrated 'three steps' of Vishnu by which he strode over the universe and in three places planted his step. The 'Vishnu Sukta' ( RV 1.154) says that the first and second of Vishnu's strides (those encompassing the earth and air) are visible to men and the third is in the heights of heaven (sky). This last place is described as Vishnu's supreme abode in RV 1.22.20:
The princes evermore behold / that loftiest place where Visnu is / Laid as it were an eye in heaven. (trans. Griffith)
Griffith's "princes" are the sūri, either "inciters" or lords of a sacrifice, or priests charged with pressing the Soma. The verse is quoted as expressing Vishnu's supremacy by Vaishnavites.
Though such solar aspects have been associated with Vishnu by tradition as well as modern-scholarship, he was not just the representation of the sun, as he traverses in his strides both vertically and horizontally.
In hymns 1.22.17, 1.154.3, 1.154.4 he strides across the earth with three steps, in 6.49.13, 7.100.3 strides across the earth three times and in 1.154.1, 1.155.5,7.29.7 he strides vertically, with the final step in the heavens. The same Veda also says he strode wide and created space in the cosmos for Indra to fight Vritra. By his stride he said to have made dwelling for men possible, the three being a symbolic representation of its all-encompassing nature. This all-enveloping nature and benevolence to men were to remain the enduring attributes of Vishnu. As the triple-strider he is known as Tri-vikrama and as Uru-krama for the strides were wide.
The general view is that Vedas place Indra in considerably superior position to Vishnu's Avatar of Vamana. Vamana helps Indra by restoring his Kingdom as mentioned in the Vamana Purana.
An alternate translation is provided by Wilson (page 269 of document) according to Sayana.
When Thy (younger brother) Viṣṇu (Vamana) by (his) strength stepped his three paces, then verily thy beloved horses bore thee. (Rigveda 8:12:27)
Wilson also mentions the possible translation as given by Griffith as a footnote. However the following verse from Rig Veda renders the above translation by Wilson more probable.
Him whose three places that are filled with sweetness, imperishable, joy as it may list them, Who verily alone upholds the threefold, the earth, the heaven, and all living creatures.(Rigveda 1:154:4)
Wilson also offers alternate translation for Rigveda 10:113:2 (pages 318–319)
Viṣṇu offering the portion of Soma, glorifies by his own vigor that greatness of his. Indra, the lord of wealth, with the associated gods having slain Vr.tra, became deserving of honour. (Rigveda 10:113:2)
This verse glorifies Viṣṇu as one who is glorified by his own strength, while Indra became deserving of honour after having slain Vrtra only in association with other gods.
However Viṣṇu praising other gods need not be taken as worship. Wilson translates as follows.
Viṣṇu, the mighty giver of dwellings praises thee, and Mitra and Varuna; the company of Maruts imitates thee in exhilaration. (Rigveda 8:15:9) (page 280)
The following verses show categorically Viṣṇu as distinguished from other gods in Rig Veda.
He who presents (offering) to Viṣṇu, the ancient, the creator, the recent, the self-born; he who celebrates the great birth of that mighty one; he verily possessed of abundance, attains (the station) that is to be sought (by all). (Rigveda 1:156:2) (page 98)
No being that is or that has been born, divine Viṣṇu, has attained the utmost limit of thy magnitude, by which thou hast upheld the vast and beautiful heaven, and sustained the eastern horizon of Earth.(Rigveda 7:99:2) (page 196)
Vishnu blesses Indra:
The divine Viṣṇu, the best of the doers of good deeds, who came to the pious instituter of rite (Indra), to assist (at its celebration), knowing (the desires of the worshiper), and present at the three connected period (of worship), shows favour to the Arya, and admits the author of the ceremony to a share of the sacrifice. (Rigveda 1:156:5) (page 99)
However, Jan Gonda, the late Indologist, states that Vishnu, although remaining in the background of Indra's exploits, contributes by his presence, or is key to Indra's success. Vishnu is more than a mere companion, equal in rank or power to Indra, or sometime the one who made Indra's success possible.
Moreover, even when Vishnu is described as subordinate to Indra, such a description is found in only the hymns to Indra, but in a kathenotheistic religion like that of the Rigveda, each god, for the time being, is supreme in the mind of the devotee. But in the Vaishnava canon the 'Vishnu' who is subordinate to Indra is identified as being none other than Vamana, who is Vishnu's Avatar, and he is different from the Supreme God Sreeman Narayana or Narayana who is referred to as Vishnu by Vaishnavites. Vishnu is not a mere sacrificial deity; he is a God who lives in the highest celestial region, compared with those who live in the atmospheric or terrestrial regions; Moreover, Vishnu is a god who is content with mere prayer, unlike almost all of the other gods who receive sacrificial offerings such as havis or soma.
Vishnu with his consort Lakshmi resting on Shesha Nag from The Atha Naradiyamahapuranam. The Naradeya Purana describes the mechanics of the cosmos. Narada and Brahma are also pictured.
However, in the Rig Vedic texts, the deity or god referred to as Vishnu is none other than the Sun God who also bore the name Suryanarayana, who in turn was also called Vishnu. So the 'Vishnu' referred to in the Rig Veda is none other than the Sun God Suryanarayana or Surya and he in turn, is entirely different from the Vishnu who is Sreeman Narayana (the Lord/Consort of Sree or Lakshmi, who is also the central deity in 'Vishnu Puranam', 'Vishnu Sahasranamam', 'Purusha Sooktham' (wherein he is identified very clearly not as the Sun or Suryanarayana (the purveyor of the skies), but as Narayana or Vishnu and further identified as the Supreme Lord who has Sreedevi (Lakshmi) and Bhoodevi (Goddess Earth or Bhoomi) as his wives/consorts("Hreeshcha-tey-Lakshmeeshcha-patnyauh"). The Vaishnavites make a further distinction by extolling the qualities of Vishnu or Narayana by highlighting him as a personality or entity much different from other deities like Siva, Brahma or the minor deity Surya the Sun who also bears the name Vishnu.
In the Puranas Indra frequently becomes proud and haughty. This act of his incurs the displeasure of his creators namely Brahma, who along with Siva the Destroyer God start by giving boons to demons or Asuras like Hiranyaksha, Hiranyakashyapu, Ravana, who are able to defeat Indra in wars between the Devas and Asuras. Indra in turn has no option but to take advice of the sages who say that no one can save him but the Protector God Sreeman Narayana or Vishnu the Supreme Lord. Indra goes and prays before Vishnu for protection and the Supreme Lord obliges him by taking avatara or birth or generating himself on Earth in various forms i.e. first as amphibean, water-born being namely the Matsya or fish, then as a creature capable of living on land as well as water, i.e. the Koorma avatara (Tortoise), then half-man, half-animal namely Varaha (the Pig-faced/human-bodied Lord) and Narasimha (Lord with Lion face and claws and human body). Later the same Narayana or Vishnu appears as full-fledged human being in the form of Vamana (the short-heighted person), Parashuram, Ram, Krishna, Balarama or Buddha and finally as Kalki avataram for performing his task of protecting his devotees from the Asuras or anti-God, anti-religious entities.
The Vaishnava canon claims absolute clarity in identification of the Supreme Lord Vishnu (Sreeman Narayana or Narayana) from the Vishnu of the Rig Veda who they claim is none other than the Sun GodSuryanarayana, who incidentally is also bears a secondary name Vishnu. In the Vaishnava canon, it is none other than Lord Vishnu or Sreeman Narayana who is their Supreme God who takes manifest forms or avatarams across various 'yugas (ages or periods) to save humanity from the clutches of evil beings, who became powerful after receiving boons from the two other Gods of the Trinity viz. Brahma and Shiva. They believe the acts of Sreeman Narayana also called Vishnu were certainly not performed by the minor deity Suryanarayana, or the Sun, also known as Vishnu of the Rig Vedas to be the Sun God Surya or Suryanarayana, who was also called and worshipped as Vishnu during the Rig Vedic period. This is borne out by the fact that neither are there are in number, very few temples dedicated to the Sun or Suryanarayana, nor indeed of the Vedic God Indra, nor is there any pronounced importance followed by worship of Indra in the Hindu religion, which practice was discontinued after Indra's defeat at the hands of the demons and Asuras and his forced abdication of the throne.
Following the defeat of Indra and his displacement as the Lord of Heaven or Swarga, according to the Vaishnava canon, the Supreme Lord of the universe Sreeman Narayana or Vishnu takes his incarnations or avatarams on earth to save mankind, thus taking the place of the Supreme God with him not being worshipped and eulogized by Vaishnavites alone, but also getting recognized by Shaivites and the Smarthas. A direct consequence of this was the almost complete absence of Indra and to a lesser extent, of the Sun or Suryanarayana, a minor deity from Hindu temples from the deities being considered fit for worshipping as the chief or most important deity. A glaring example being quoted in support of non-worship of deities like Indra or non-prominence of other major Gods like Shiva and Brahma, (who is in any case not having more than a temple or two on earth) by Vaishnavites is the fact of their Supreme Lord Vishnu or Narayana taking avatarams to defeat and kill either the demons or Asuras like Hiranyaksha, Hiranyakashyipu or Ravana who have vanquished Indra himself and/or demons who have empowered themselves by pleasing and getting boons from other powerful Gods like Brahma and Shiva. These demons received boons making them virtually indestructible by any person. But Narayana or Vishnu outwits them by appearing as half-human half-animal before demons like Hiranyakashyipu (who had taken a boon that he will not be killed at any specific time of the day or by any human or animal) or Ravana (who becomes invincible by taking a boon from God Shiva that he will not be killed by any Deva – a celestial being with godly powers) who is considered the greatest among devotees of Shiva gets slayed by Vishnu, who appears before him as a mere human being i.e. Lord Rama, the son of Dasharatha.
The Vaishnava canon thus claims supremacy of Vishnu even among the Gods by quoting his victories over or killing of those very powerful entities who are themselves devotees of other Gods like the creator Brahma or the destroyer Shiva. The Vaishnava canon finally distinguishes Narayana or the Supreme Lord Vishnu from other deities like Shiva the Destroyer or Brahma the creator, first by pointing out the accepted iconography or sculptures of Vishnu in reclining position as having the creator Brahma sprouting or emerging from Vishnu's navel i.e. showing Brahma himself as having been created by Vishnu out of his own person. This is interpreted as the creator being created by his own creator i.e. Brahma himself being created by Vishnu and going on to create the Universe on the instructions of Vishnu. Secondly, Rudra or Shiva is none other than the Son of Brihaspati. Thirdly, there is the act of the creator Brahma and the destroyer God Shiva go on to give boons to demons or Asuras and as a consequence of granting boons to evil beings, they divest themselves of their powers to eliminate them, which are now vested with the Supreme Lord among the Gods i.e. Vishnu or Narayana also called Sreeman Narayana, who takes various avatars or forms to come to earth to slay or defeat those demons. This is again interpreted as the triumph of Lord Vishnu or Narayana because it would mean that Shiva and Brahma can only grant boons to good beings and since they cannot distinguish between the two types of beings, they have to entrust this responsibility to the God who protects all good beings. Thus, they have no option but to leave all devotees under the care of the Protector Lord, i.e. the Supreme Lord of the Vaishnava canon, i.e. Lord Narayana or Vishnu. Third and lastly, the Vaishnava canon makes the final distinction in addition to the above two qualities of Lord Vishnu or Narayana, so as to reinforce his pre-eminence and supremacy among all the Gods because Sreeman Narayana or Vishnu in his myriad forms never ever grants a wish to evil beings, as is done according to the Puranas by both the creator God Brahma or the destroyer God Shiva. So they regard Sreeman Narayana or Vishnu as a protector God who makes a clear distinction between bad and good beings and never favours or grants boons or wishes to evil entities as would be done by both Shiva and Brahma and is thus regarded by them as the only God worthy of worship as the preferred deity.
The above actions of Vishnu automatically led to the lowering of status of Indra among Hindu deities and leads directly to the ascendancy of Vishnu or Narayana, as per the Vaishnava canon.
Four-armed Vishnu, Pandya Dynasty, 8–9th century CE.
In the Rigveda, Shakala shakha: Aitareya Brahmana Verse 1 : agnir vai devānām avamo viṣṇuḥ paramas, tadantareṇa sarvā anyā devatā declares that Agni is the lowest or youngest god and Vishnu is the greatest and the oldest God. In the Brahmanas, the supremacy of Lord Vishnu is clearly announced. Here He is repeatedly addressed as "Yajnapati" or the one whom all the sacrifices are meant to please. Even if the sacrifices are offered to the demigods, Lord Vishnu is the one who accepts the sacrifice and allots the respective fruits to the performer. There is mention of one such incident where a demonic person performs a sacrifice by abducting the rishis (Sanskrit name for sages who constantly meditate by chanting God's name) forcefully. The sacrifice was meant to bring about the destruction of Indra. But the rishis,who used to worship Indra as a demigod were intelligent enough to alter a single pronunciation of the ved-mantra. The purpose of the entire sacrifice was reversed. When the fruit of the sacrifice was given, when the demon was on the verge of dying, he clearly calls out to lord Vishnu,whom he addresses as Supreme Godhead and "the father of all living entities including himself". Aitareya Brahmana: 1:1:1 mentions Vishnu as the Supreme God. But in the Vaishnava canon, in different ages, with Vishnu in different forms, his relationship with the 'asuras' or evil-beings including demons (Hiranyaksha and Hiranyakashyipu were considered demons) has always been adversarial, with the asuras always causing harm or killing good beings including sages and devotees of Vishnu, with the sages and 'devas' (celestial beings including Indra – not considered a God in Vaishnava canon) doing penance and calling out to Lord Vishnu for protection. In response to the call of devotees and being described as the one and only saviour of the world, Sreeman Narayana or Vishnu, being the Protector God, always obliges by taking avatarams (incarnations as Narasimha, Rama etc.) to finally vanquish and eliminate the asuras. In the Vaishnava canon, Narayana or Lord Vishnu is clearly defined as one who has never given or granted any boons to the asuras (to clearly distinguish him from other gods like Shiva and Brahma, who granted boons to demons or evil beings), but he is the only God called upon to save good beings by defeating or killing the very evil beings who became powerful or even invincible after being granted boons by the destroyer Shiva and the creator Brahma. In any case Lord Vishnu himself is not a Brahmana. He belongs to Satriyan group.
Sayana writes that Aitareya Brahmana 1-1-1 agnir vai devānām avamo viṣṇuḥ paramas,tadantareṇa sarvā anyā devatā does not indicate any hierarchy among gods. Even in Rigveda Samhita, where avama and parama are not applied to denote rank and dignity, but only to mark place and locality. In Rigveda 1:108:9,: yadindrāghnī avamasyāṃ pṛthivyāṃ madhyamasyāṃ paramasyāmuta sthaḥ | i.e., in the lowest place, the middle (place), and the highest (place). Agni, the fire, has, among the gods, the lowest place; for he resides with man on the earth ; while the other gods are either in the air, or in the sky. Vishnu occupies the highest place ; for he represents (in the Rigveda) the sun in its daily and yearly course. The words avama and parama is to be understood as 'First' and 'Last' respectively. To prove this meaning to be the true one, Sayana adduces the mantra (1,4. As'val. Sr. S. 4, 2), agnir mukham prathamo devatanam samgathanam uttamo vishnur asit, i.e., Agni was the first of the deities assembled, (and) Vishnu the last. In the Kausitaki-Brahmana (7.1) Agni is called avarardhya (instead of avama), and Visnu parardhya(instead of parama),i.e., belonging to the lower and higher halves (or forming the lower and higher halves). The Vishnu Purana gives tremendous importance to the worship of Vishnu, but mentions that sacrifices to Sreeman Narayana are to begin only with both the lighting of fire or 'Agni', pouring of sacrificial offerings to Narayana or Vishnu in 'Agni' so that those offerings reach the Supreme God Vishnu and are accepted by him. Worship of Lord Vishnu through Yagnyas (or Homams) and other rituals, will not bear fruit or the desired result in case 'Agni' is not given any role in the process.
Muller says "Although the gods are sometimes distinctly invoked as the great and the small, the young and the old (RV. i. 27. 13), this is only an attempt to find the most comprehensive expression for the divine powers, and nowhere is any of the gods represented as the slave of others. It would be easy to find, in the numerous hymns of the Veda, passages in which almost every single god is represented as supreme and absolute."
However this notion is not completely correct as per the following verses, which shows Rig Veda does recognize one or more gods being subject to other god(s).
Him whose high law not Varuna nor Indra, not Mitra, Aryaman, nor Rudra breaketh, Nor evil-hearted fiends, here for my welfare him I invoke, God Savitar, with worship.(Rigveda 2.038.09)
I invite to this place, with reverential salutations, for my good, that divine Savita, whose functions neither Indra, nor Varun.a, nor Mitra nor Aryaman nor Rudra nor the enemies (of the gods), impede. (Rigveda 2.038.09)
The following verse suggests Rudra gaining his strength from worship of Viṣṇu.
With offerings I propitiate the branches of this swift-moving God, the bounteous Visnu. Hence Rudra gained his Rudra-strength: O Asvins, ye sought the house that hath celestial viands.(Rigveda 7.040.05)
Viṣṇu Smṛti
Vishnu and Lakshmi riding on Vishnu's Vahana Garuda – Painting from Rajasthan, Bundi, c.1730 (in Los Angeles County Museum of Art )
The Viṣṇu Smṛti (700-1000AD) is one of the latest books of the Dharmaśāstra tradition of Hinduism and also the only one which does not deal directly with the means of knowing dharma, focusing instead on the bhakti tradition and requiring daily puja to the god Viṣṇu. It is also known for its handling of the controversial subject of the practice of sati (the burning of a widow on her husband's funeral pyre). The text was not actually composed by the sage Viṣṇu himself, but rather by an individual or group writing much after his death. This group brought together a collection of all of the commonly known legal maxims which were attributed to the sage Viṣṇu into one book as the Indian oral culture began to be recorded more formally.
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Vishnu is the only Bhagavan as declared in the Bhagavata 1.2.11 in the verse: "vadanti tat tattva-vidas tattvam yaj jnanam advayam brahmeti paramatmeti bhagavan iti sabdyate". The meaning of the verse is as follows: "Learned transcendentalists who know the Absolute Truth call this nondual substance Brahman, Paramātma, and Bhagavan."
In the Vishnu Purana (6.5.79) the personality named Parashara Rishi defines six bhagas as follows:
aiśvaryasya samagrasya vīryasya yaśasaḥ śriyaḥ
jñāna-vairāgyayoś caiva ṣannāḥ bhaga itīṇganā
Jiva Gosvami explains the verse in his Gopala Champu (Pūrva 15.73) and Bhagavata Sandarbha 46.10:
jñāna-śakti-balaiśvarya-vīrya-tejām.sy aśeṣataḥ
bhagavac-chabda-vācyāni vinā heyair guṇādibhiḥ
"The substantives of the word bhagavat (bhagavat-śabda-vācyāni) are unlimited (aśes.atah.) knowledge (jñāna), energies (śakti), strength (bala), opulence (aiśvarya), heroism (vīrya), splendor (tejas), without (vinā) objectionable (heyair) qualities (guṇādibhiḥ)."
Vishnu possesses six such divine glories, namely,
Jñāna Omniscient; defined as the power to know about all beings simultaneously;
Aishvarya Opulence, which persists in unchallenged rule over all;
Shakti Energy, or power, which is the capacity to make the impossible possible;
Bala Strength, which is the capacity to support everything by his will and without any fatigue;
Virya Vigour, or valour which indicates the power to retain immateriality as the Supreme Spirit or Being in spite of being the material cause of mutable creations;
Tèjas Resplendent, or Splendour, which expresses his self-sufficiency and the capacity to overpower everything by his spiritual effulgence; cited from Bhakti Schools of Vedanta, by Swami Tapasyananda.
However, the actual number of auspicious qualities of Vishnu is countless, with the above-mentioned six qualities being the most important. Other important qualities attributed to Vishnu are Gambhirya (inestimatable grandeur), Audarya (generosity), and Karunya (compassion). Natya Shastra lists Vishnu as the presiding deity of the Sringara rasa.
The Rigveda says: Vishnu can travel in three strides. The first stride is the Earth. The second stride is the visible sky. The third stride cannot be seen by men and is the heaven where the gods and the righteous dead live. (This feature of three strides also appears in the story of his avatar Vamana called Trivikrama.) The Sanskrit for "to stride" is the root kram; its reduplicated perfect is chakram ( guņa grade) or chakra ( zero-grade), and in the Rigveda he is called by epithets such as vi-chakra-māņas = "he who has made 3 strides". The Sanskrit word chakra also means "wheel". That may have suggested the idea of Vishnu carrying a chakra.
Vishnu (Beikthano in Burmese) on his mount, the garuda, in the traditional Burmese depiction.
Five forms
In Sri Vaishnavism, another school, Vishnu assumes five forms:
In the Para Form, Para is the highest form of Vishnu found only in Sri Vaikunta also called Moksha, along with his consort Lakshmi, (and Bhuma Devi and Nila devi, avatars of Lakshmi) and surrounded by liberated souls like Ananta, Garuda, and a host of Muktas (liberated souls).
In the Vyuha form which itself divides into four, Vishnu assumes four forms, which exercise different cosmic functions and controls activities of living beings.
In the Vibhava form, Vishnu assume various manifestations, called Vibhavas, more popularly known as Avataras from time to time, in order to protect the virtuous, punish the evil-doers and re-establish righteousness.
In the Antaryami; "Dwelling within" or "Suksma Vasudeva" form, Vishnu exists within the souls of all living beings and in every atom of matter.
In the Arcavatara or Image manifestation, the Lord is easily approachable to the devotees since they cannot worship Para, Vyuha, Vibhava and Antaryami forms directly, which can only be imagined or meditated upon because they are beyond our reach. Such images can be
revealed by the Lord himself, for example, a self-manifested ( Swayambhu) icon ( murti), e.g. The Mahavishnu Temple at Tirunelli, The Sri Ranganathaswamy Temple at Srirangam, The Tirumala Venkateswara Temple etc.; or
installed by devas or celestial beings such as such as Guruvayur Temple installed by Vayu; or
installed by humans, and consecrated according to Vaishnava Agama shastras or scriptures such as Lord Jagannath of Jagannath Temple (Puri) at Puri.
See also Pañcaratra
Relation with Shiva
Rama with Sita coronation ceremony after return from Lanka
Rama with Sita on the throne, their children Lava and Kusha on their laps. Behind the throne, Lakshamana, Bharata and Shatrughna stand. Hanuman bows to Rama before the throne. Valmiki to the left
The Trimurthis are inseparable and in complete harmony in view of their common vision and universal good. They complement each other. Lord Vishnu is widely seen as the brother of Shiva's consort Parvati. In fact Vishnu formalized the wedding of Shiva and Parvati and acted as Parvati's brother in all the ceremonies and performed 'Kanya Daan', while the creator-god Brahma acted as the priest of the wedding. The mother goddess Parvati is referred to as his sister in sacred hymns – 'Narayani' in Devi Stotram, 'Vaishnavi' in Ambashtakam and as 'Padmanabha Sahodari' in Lalita Sahasranama Stotram. In fact, it should be remembered that Goddess Durga(Parvati) and Vishnu (as his avatar Krishna) were actually born as brother and sister in Krishnavatar in Dwapara Yuga – Durga takes Yasoda's womb as 'Yogamaya', and Krishna takes Devaki's womb; both are interchanged. When Kansa tries to kill the baby, it skips out of his hands and transforms into Yogamaya, who laughs aloud and informs him, "You fool! Your nemesis is born elsewhere. Your end is near." Yogamaya then vanishes.
It should be noted that there is no concept of disagreement among the gods, and they are ideal in all respects. However, ordinary men, and sectarian groups not knowing this equilibrium and the sacred relationship among them, have in later ages woven several stories in vernacular presenting their preferred deity as Supreme and as 'sthala puranas' for the multitude of temples. These have nothing to do with the recognised original Puranas and other ancient Scriptures.
However, their equilibrium is best manifested in Gajasura Samharam followed by the Battle against Vinayaka. Similarly, Samudra manthan's episode and Hanuman's part in the entire Ramayana are also superlative examples of synergy between the two gods.
The rakshasa called Gajasura was an ardent devotee of Lord Shiva. He underwent penance for many years to receive special boons. Shiva, who was moved by Gajasura's devotion, offered to fulfill a request. Gajasura asked Shiva to reside in his belly, and Shiva instantly agreed.
Meanwhile on Mount Kailash, Parvati was anxious to know her husband's whereabouts and finally approached her brother, Lord Vishnu, for help. Vishnu and Brahma disguised themselves as street players, and along with Shiva's bull carrier Nandi, they set out in search of Shiva. Then Vishnu, the omniscient director of the cosmic game, staged a small play. He transformed Nandi into a dancing bull and conducted him in front of Gajasura, with himself and Brahma playing musical instruments. The enchanting performance of the bull sent the demon into ecstasies, and he asked the flutist to tell him what he desired. The flutist asks for Shiva to be liberated. Hearing this, the demon king realised that the entertainer is none other than Lord Vishnu himself, and that his end is near. He also realises that Shiva cannot be made to live in his stomach forever because the whole world would become disordered. Gajasura then prayed to Lord Shiva that he should be allowed to be immortal in the memories of the people, to which Shiva agreed. Nandi made a dent in Gajasura's stomach and amid pitched chanting and prayers, Shiva emerged ripping apart the skin. To fulfill his wish, Lord Shiva severed Gajasura's head and freed him from the cycle of birth and death. Gajasura's head was subsequently used for Vinayaka, and thus he became immortal, with the world adoring Ganesha.
Although their names were mentioned in the Vedas, during the pure Vedic period, both Vishnu and Shiva (as identified with Rudra) played relatively minor roles, but by the time of the Brahmanas (c. 1000–700 BCE), both were gaining ascendance. By the Puranic period, both deities had major sects of devotees, creating a schism in the society.
Of significance is both the creator Brahma and Shiva the destroyer also played supportive roles by keeping company of Lord Vishnu in his incarnated forms. Hanuman the 'Vanara' completely dedicated to Ram, who gives him company and obeys his command while playing an important part in Ram's life is regarded in Vaishnava canon as being none other than Shiva the destroyer only, because it is through the blessings of Shiva that Hanuman is born to his mother Anjani for he also bears the name Anjaniputra. Thus, Hanuman the constant consort of Vishnu, with his idol being present in not just temples of Rama, but also in temples of Krishna, Narasimha i.e. all the avatarams of Vishnu is considered by Vaishnavas as being none other than Lord Shiva. Syncretic forces produced stories in which the two deities were shown in cooperative relationships and combined forms. Harihara is the name of a combined deity form of both Vishnu ( Hari) and Shiva (Hara). This dual form, which is also called Harirudra, is mentioned in the Mahabharata.
Relations with other deities
Vishnu with Lakshmi ( Lakshmi-Narayana) at Halebidu.
Vishnu's consort is Lakshmi, the goddess of wealth. Maya is the samvit (the primary intelligence)dark matter of the universe is Vishnu, while the other five attributes emerge from this samvit and hence Maya or dark energy of the universe is Lakshmi is his ahamata, activity, or Vishnu's Power. This power of God, Maya or Shakti, is personified and is called Shree or Lakshmi, Maya, Vishnumaya, or Mahamaya, and She is said to manifest Herself in, 1) kriyāshakti, (Creative Activity) and 2) bhütishakti (Creation) of Universe. Hence this world cannot part with his creativity i.e., dark energy of universe, which is a feminine form which in its feminine form is called Shree or Lakshmi or Maya. He therefore needs consort Goddess Lakshmi to be with Him always. Thus goddess Lakshmi has to accompany Vishnu in all His incarnations. Her various avatars as Lord Vishnu's consort are –
Varahavataram – Bhudevi
Ramavataram – Vedavati & Sita
Krishnavataram – Radha & Rukmini
Venkateswara – Padmavathi
Vishnu's vehicle is Garuda, the eagle, and he is commonly depicted as riding on his shoulders. Another name of him is "Veda-Atma" or The Soul of the Vedas and Vedic truth.
The 11th century Javan statue of Vishnu mounting Garuda, mortuary deified depiction of King Airlangga
According to various Purana, Vishnu is the ultimate omnipresent reality, is shapeless and omnipresent. However, a strict iconography governs his representation, whether in pictures, icons, or idols:
He is to be depicted as a four-armed male-form: The four arms indicate his all-powerful and all-pervasive nature. The physical existence of Vishnu is represented by the two arms in the front while the two arms at the back represent his presence in the spiritual world. The Upanishad titled Gopal Uttartapani describes the four arms of Vishnu.
Also on his chest is the srivatsa mark, symbolising his consort Lakshmi. It is on the chest of Vishnu, where Lakshmi resides.
Around his neck, he wears the auspicious " Kaustubha" jewel, and a garland of flowers (vanamaalaa). It is in this jewel, on Vishnu's chest that Lakshmi dwells.
A crown should adorn his head: The crown symbolizes his supreme authority. This crown is sometimes depicted having a peacock feather, borrowing the iconography from image of his Krishna avatar.
He is to shown wearing two earrings: The earrings represent inherent opposites in creation — knowledge and ignorance; happiness and unhappiness; pleasure and pain.
He rests on Ananta: the immortal and infinite snake
Vishnu holding Panchajanya in his upper left hand
Vishnu reclining on the Shesha Naga with his consort Lakshmi pressing his feet.
Vishnu is always to be depicted holding the four attributes associated with him, being:
A conch shell or Shankha, named " Panchajanya", held by the upper left hand, which represents Vishnu's power to create and maintain the universe. The Panchajanya represents the five elements or Panchabhoota – water, fire, air, earth and sky or space. It also represents the five airs or Pranas that are within the body and mind. The conch symbolizes that Vishnu is the primeval Divine sound of creation and universal maintenance. it also represented as Om. In the Bhagavad Gita, Krishna avatara states that of sound vibrations, 'He is Om'.
The chakra, a sharp-spinning discus-like weapon, named " Sudarshana", held by the upper right hand, which symbolizes the purified spiritualized mind. The name Sudarshana is derived from two words – Su, which means good, superior, and Darshan, which means vision or Sight; together, it is "Superior Vision". The chakra represents destruction of one's ego in the awakening and realization of the souls original nature and god, burning away of spiritual ignorance and illusion, and developing the higher spiritual vision and insight to realize god.
A mace or Gada, named "Kaumodaki", held by the lower right hand, symbolizes Vishnu's divine power is the source all spiritual, mental and physical strength. It also signifies Vishnu's power to destroy materialistic or demoniac tendencies called anarthas; within the person's consciousness that hinders them from reaching god. Vishnu's mace is the power of the Divine within us to spiritually purify and uplift us from our materialistic bonds.
A lotus flower or Padma, held by the lower right hand, represents spiritual liberation, Divine perfection, purity and the unfolding of Spiritual consciousness within the individual. The lotus opening its petals in the light of the Sun is indicative of the expansion and awakening of our long dormant, original spiritual consciousness in the light of god. The lotus in Vishnu's hand symbolizes that god is the power and source from which the universe and the individual soul emerges. It also represents Divine Truth or Satya, the originator of the rules of conduct or Dharma, and Divine Vedic knowledge or jnana. The lotus also symbolizes that Vishnu is the embodiment of spiritual perfection and purity. Also that He is the wellspring of these qualities and that the individual soul must seek to awaken these intrinsic Divine qualities from Vishnu by surrendering to and linking with Him.
A statue in Bangkok, Thailand depicting Vishnu mounted on his vahana Garuda
To this may be added, conventionally, the vanamaala flower garland and Vishnu's bow, the Shaarnga, and his sword Nandaka. A verse of the Vishnu Sahasranama stotram states;"vanamālī gadhī shārngī shanki chakri cha nandaki / shrīmān nārāyaņo vişņo vāsudevo abhirakşatu//"; translation: Protect us Oh Lord Narayana who wears the forest garland,who has the mace, conch, sword and the wheel. And who is called Vishnu and the Vasudeva.
In general, Vishnu is depicted in one of the following three ways:
Standing upright on a lotus flower, often with Lakshmi, his consort, beside him on a similar pedestal;
Reclining on the coiled-up thousand-hooded Shesha Naga, with his consort Lakshmi, seated at his feet; the assemblage rests on the "Kshira Sagar" ( ocean of Milk). In this representation, Brahma is depicted as sitting on a lotus that grows out of Vishnu's navel.
Riding on the back of his eagle mount, known as Garuda. Another name for Garuda is "Veda atma"; Soul of the Vedas. The flapping of his wings symbolizes the power of the Divine Truth of Vedic wisdom. Also the eagle represents the soul. Garuda carrying Vishnu symbolizes the soul or jiva atma carrying the Super soul or Param atma within it.
Ten avatars of Vishnu ( Matsya, Kurma, Varaha, Vamana, Krishna, Kalki, Buddha, Parshurama, Rama & Narasimha. Painting from Jaipur, now at the Victoria and Albert Museum
There are ten avatars (dashavatara) of Vishnu commonly considered as the most prominent:
Matsya, the fish that kills Damanaka to save the vedas and saves mankind.
Kurma, the turtle that helps the Devas and Asuras churn the ocean for the nectar of immortality.
Varaha, the boar that rescues the Earth and kills Hiranyaksha
Narasimha, the one (half-Lion half- human) who defeats the demon Hiranyakashapu (Nara = man, simha = lion).
Vamana. the dwarf that grows into a giant to save the world from King Bali.
Parashurama, A Sage, Rama with the axe, who appeared in the Treta Yuga. He killed Kartavirya Arjuna army and clan, and then killed all the ksatriyas for 21 times.
Rama, Sri Ramachandra, the prince and king of Ayodhya and killed Demon King Raavana.
Krishna (meaning 'dark coloured' or 'all attractive' or the Existence of Bliss, Who played a major role in Mahabharata
Kalki ("Eternity", or "timeless", destroyer of time or "The Destroyer of foulness"), who is expected to appear at the end of Kali Yuga, the time period in which we currently exist.
Some versions of the above list include Hayagriva amongst the Dasavataras. Apart from the above mentioned ten principal avatars, another 22 avatars are also given in Chapter 3, Canto 1 of the Bhagavata Purana. Following this list the Bhagavatam states that as well as these avatars "the incarnations of the Lord are innumerable, like rivulets flowing from inexhaustible sources of water".
Thousand names of Vishnu
Vishnu sahasranama manuscript, ca. 1690.
Vishnu has a very large number of names and followers that are collected in the Vishnu sahasranama ("Vishnu's thousand names") from within the larger work Mahabharata. The character Bhishma recites the names before Krishna on the battlefield of Kurukshetra, praising him (Vishnu) as the supreme god. These Sahasranama are regarded as the essence of all Vedas by followers of Vaishnavism, who believe sincere chanting of Vishnu Sahasranama results in spiritual well-being and a greater awareness of God.
The names are generally derived from the anantakalyanagunas (meaning: infinite auspicious attributes). Some names are:
Anish (Supreme)
Achintya (Incomprehensible, beyond understanding, also interpreted as remover of all worries from devotees)
Achyutha (infallible)
Akshaj (synonym for Lord Vishnu)
Amar (immortal, deathless, son of Aum)
Ananta (endless, eternal, infinite)
Anirudha (the one that cannot be stopped)
Balaji (another name of Vishnu)
Damodara (having a rope (dama) around his belly (udara): a name of Krishna)
Govinda (protector of the cows & Brahmins; master of the senses: a name of Krishna)
Hari (one who takes away)
Hayagriva (Horse-necked)
Jagannatha (Owner/Ruler of the world/universe)
Janardana (One who is worshiped by people for Wealth)
Keshava (slayer of Keshi, having long or much or handsome hair, from Atharvaveda viii, 6, 23)
Krishna (born during the third epoch or yuga, his deeds range from cow protection (go rakshya) to absolving the earth of load of sins)
Madhava (relating to the season of spring)
Madhusudana (he who destroyed the demon called Madhu-Kaitabh)
Narayana (said to mean "he who is the abode of nār (= ether)", i.e., the whole universe's shelter. Also means "The supreme Man who is the foundation of all men". Another meaning is "He who lays in the water".
Padmanabha (lotus-naveled one, from whose navel sprang the lotus which contained Brahma, who created the universe)
Parthasarathy (Charioteer of Arjuna/Partha)
Perumal Name he is known in Tamil
ThirumaalName he is known in Tamil
Maalavan Name he is known in Tamil
Purushottama – The Supreme Eternal Being
Ram (born during the second epoch or Yuga, his deeds primarily established the ideal living principles for a man)
Hrishikesh (Lord of the senses or Lord within the heart; "hri" root meaning the heart)
Satyanarayana (a combination of satya and Narayana meaning 'protector of truth')
Shikhandee: He who wears a peacock feather.
Suryanarayan (the one who destroys the evil/sins and who comforts us) described in Vishnu kautuvam.
Sridhara (consort of Sri = Laxmi or Ultimate wealth)
Sriman (the pride of Shri or Lakshmi); Often Sriman is combined with the name, Narayana, to form a compound word, Sriman Narayana.
Srinivasa (the abode of Shri) (also specifically referring to his form in the temple at Tirupati). Also the form of Vishnu at Tirupati is well known as Venkateswara.
Trivikrama (Conqueror of the three worlds, as in Vamana avatara).
Vishal (Immense, The Unstoppable One).
Vamana (dwarfish, small or short in stature, a dwarf brahmana)
Vāsudeva ( "All-Pervading god", with the long vowel A; it also means "the son of Vasudeva", i.e. Krishna)
Shree-esh (One who has Shree or Lakshmi as his consort / Husband of Goddess Lakshmi).
Guruvayurappan Lord of Guruvayur (Temple made by Guru (Brihaspati) & Vayu deva)
Jagannath is the south eastern name of Vishnu. The word juggernaut has its origin from this name of Vishnu (The Jagannatha temple is in Puri, Orissa where every year there is a festival in which huge chariots are drawn through the city. These chariots are the vahana (vehicle) for the 3 main gods of this temple – Jagannatha, Balabhadra (Jagannath's brother) and Subhadra (Jagannatha's sister). Hundreds of men are needed to pull each of these chariots. When they start moving, they keep moving and are difficult to stop. That is the idea behind the word juggernaut which means something huge that cannot be stopped.)
Sohama means the most intelligent, it is strongest form of Vishnu with a thousand brains and hands
According to the Siddhartha-samhita there are twenty-four forms of Lord Vishnu. The twenty-four forms are
Sankarshana
Pradyumna
Anirudha
Trivikrama
Vamana
Sridhara
Padmanabha
Nrisimha
Adhokshaja
Upendra
Sourish comes from the Indian word which means, "Lord Vishnu"
Retrieved from " http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vishnu&oldid=537270897"
Title Word Index
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Anyone, anywhere and at any time can find themselves in a situation where first aid knowledge is needed. Whether it is a minor injury or a serious medical emergency, feeling powerless to help is a terrible feeling and one that should not be experienced.
Ideally, neither should one be left unattended during a medical crisis due to the lack of knowledge and skill.
Fluid First Aid are pleased to be able to provide a flexible First Aid Course to the Brisbane Northside area, facilitated by our innovative and committed team. Taking one of our life saving first aid courses will help equip you, or members of your staff, to handle basic medical emergencies competently. This knowledge could help save a life.
Our creative teaching methods are designed to inspire the confidence of our trainees and equip them to effectively apply their knowledge in the event of an emergency. More importantly, our innovative video lessons allow you to acquire first aid skills effortlessly and at times that are convenient to you.
At Fluid First Aid, our training is different and stimulating. We provide online video theory lessons that you can do at your own convenience, saving you time and allowing you to move at your own pace. We also have multiple weekly scheduled practical lessons you can attend at several locations across Brisbane so you'll always find a time and date that suits your schedule.
By offering you the flexibility and convenience of choosing your own course timings, we allow you or your business to schedule your training as is appropriate to you.
Knowing you, or others around you have first aid training, will give you peace of mind. Whether you are in the workplace, home, school or out and about, taking one of our courses will enable you to offer a helping hand to others in an emergency.
Our top-rated training is available for clients in North Brisbane, South Brisbane and Brisbane with our highly qualified, experienced and friendly staff. Furthermore, our award-winning videos allow you to learn anywhere, at any time, and practical sessions are scheduled at your convenience.
Acquire essential emergency first response skills for yourself or your employees by selecting one of our courses. If you would like more information, we can be reached on 1300 976 276, or you can email us at hello@fluidlearning.com.au or book online via our online booking form. You'll find our training venues at North Lakes, Eagle Farm and Springfield Lakes.
Don't risk putting yourself in an emergency situation where you feel powerless to help, get in touch and book your course now!
First aid is something people rarely think about because it's not required very often. However, when it is needed, the lack of someone with first aid knowledge can have very serious consequences.
individuals who can help others who are injured or ill.
There are published estimates that claim up to 5% of the country's output (gross domestic product or GDP) is lost due to injuries or illnesses resulting from the workplace. These can affect all businesses and, in addition to the financial cost, there's the pain and suffering that can also result.
All businesses have responsibility for the safety of their employees, customers and visitors. In addition, they're required by the Work Health and Safety Act and the Work Health and Safety Regulations to ensure that no-one is exposed to health and safety risks arising from the conduct of the business.
The requirement is to provide sufficient first aid kits, facilities and trained people to administer the necessary first aid. The actual numbers and the type of training are not specified but are dependent on an assessment of risks for individual businesses.
establish if the business is in a remote location that will prevent emergency services attending promptly.
After conducting the assessment, you will be in a position to decide on the number of people who need to undertake a first aid course in Brisbane and the type of training they need.
A first aid course at our North Brisbane centre or at your premises will help to ensure you keep your business compliant with legislation and protect your employees. We run a range of courses from basic first aid training up through various other levels and CPR training. We can also offer customised courses that focus on specific aspects of your business and any special challenges they present. That can include any particular hazards arising from your business, be it from chemicals, manufacturing processes or construction.
We can also provide a refresher first aid course in Brisbane, at our Northside office, so you're kept up-to-date and fully familiar with what's required. Additionally, we can offer on-going support, so you remain fully compliant.
All our courses are relevant, comprehensive and cost-effective, so all participants get full value from them and aren't kept away from other activities any more than is absolutely necessary. They enable you to adhere fully to your legal responsibilities and mean employees, group members and individual members of the public are kept safe.


Great investment property! Two units, each 1BR, 1 BA, Each unit has it's own metered water, electric, and gas. Well maintained duplex with new kitchen flooring in one unit. The roof was replaced 5 years ago and is in great shape. The gas furnace/air unit is approximately 3 years old. Reliable source of income; one of the units has had the same tenant for 14 years. The property is within short walking distance of fine restaurants, grocery store, and Lake Bottom park.


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Stephen King (Author)
FORMAT
Mass Market Paperbound$8.99$8.27(English)

Paperback$16.00$14.72(English)

Paperback$36.00(Chinese)

Mass Market Paperbound
Stephen King's legendary debut, about a teenage outcast and the revenge she enacts on her classmates.
Carrie White may be picked on by her classmates, but she has a gift. She can move things with her mind. Doors lock. Candles fall. This is her power and her problem. Then, an act of kindness, as spontaneous as the vicious taunts of her classmates, offers Carrie a chance to be a normal...until an unexpected cruelty turns her gift into a weapon of horror and destruction that no one will ever forget.
Occult & Supernatural
Thrillers - Psychological
Stephen King is the author of more than fifty books, all of them worldwide bestsellers. Among his most recent are Doctor Sleep; Joyland; 11/22/63; Full Dark, No Stars; Under the Dome; Just After Sunset; End of Watch; and the latest novel in the Dark Tower saga: The Wind Through the Keyhole. His acclaimed nonfiction book On Writing is also a bestseller. Stephen is the 2003 recipient of The National Book Foundation Medal for Distinguished Contribution to American Letters and in 2007 he received the Grand Master Award from the Mystery Writers of America. He was also awarded the 2014 National Medal of Arts. He lives in Maine with his wife, novelist Tabitha King.
www.stephenking.com
Praise for Stephen King and Carrie
"A master storyteller." --The Los Angeles Times
"Guaranteed to chill you." --The New York Times
"Gory and horrifying.... You can't put it down." --Chicago Tribune
"[The] most wonderfully gruesome man on the planet." --USA Today
"Eerie and haunting--sheer terror!" --Publishers Weekly
"Shivering, shuddery, macabre evil!" --Pittsburgh Post-Gazette
"Stephen King has built a literary genre of putting ordinary people in the most terrifying situations. . . . he's the author who can always make the improbable so scary you'll feel compelled to check the locks on the front door." --The Boston Globe
"Peerless imagination." --The Observer (London)
The Rory Gilmore Reading List VIEW LIST (252 BOOKS)