text:
Facts on Assorted Topics
the onset, a couple shares the goal of remaining together forever, "until death
do us part." Of course, we hear an often cited statistic that "half of all
marriages end in divorce." But data from the U.S. Census Bureau and the
Centers for Disease Control reveal a much more subtle picture, as a myriad of
factors influence divorce. Forty-one percent of first marriages end in divorce,
60% of second marriages end in divorce, and 73% of third marriages end in
divorce. The older couples are at the time of their first marriage, the less
likely they are to divorce. The average age at the time of the first marriage
has increased steadily since the 1950's (and is now 27 for men and 25 for
women), and the average duration of marriage has steadily decreased since the
1950's (e.g., about ¾ of marriages in the late 1950's were at least 20 years in
duration, and now about ½ of marriages have lasted at least 20 years). Most
people get married (and here are the percentages of people who have ever been
married: by age 25, 32% of males and 50% of females; by age 35, 77% of males
and 84% of females; by age 45, 87% of males, and 90% of females).
are some myths and facts about divorce:
Myth:
learn from the bad experiences of their first marriages, and, therefore, second
marriages are more successful.
indicated above, the rate of divorce for first marriages is 41% versus 60% for
second marriages.
Cohabitating
prior to marriage reduces chance of divorce.
who live together prior to marriage actually have higher rates of divorce than
those who first live together upon getting married.
a child increases marital satisfaction.
the course of marriage, stress is usually highest shortly after the birth of
the first child.
usually get disproportionately high financial settlements.
Overall,
when additional expenses are factored from new living arrangements, women have
an average loss of 27% and men have an average loss of 10%.
who grew up with divorce are more careful and, therefore, successfully avoid
divorce in their own adult lives.
who grow up with divorced parents have higher rates of divorce than children where
the parents remained married.
in step-families are better-off than children in single-parent families.
step-families have higher incomes than single-parent families, however children
appear to have comparable psychological functioning in both step-families and
single parent families.
usually initiate the procedure of divorce.
two-thirds of all divorce proceedings are initiated by women.
these facts and statistics may be "interesting", there is one universal fact:
Children and parents suffer when a marriage is unhealthy, and they suffer in a
divorce. That said, the "goal" of a healthy divorce for every parent should
be, first and foremost, to protect the well-being of their children (even if
their soon-to-be ex-spouse undermines their efforts to do so). Here are some
useful guidelines and goals to strive for:
the news:
your child about the divorce together with your spouse.
simple language.
unpleasant, inappropriate details.
your child that the divorce is between the adults, and not their fault.
concrete details (e.g., living arrangements, school, visitation, etc.)
mixed reactions:
child may show concern with day-to-day details (so establish a routine to
help Junior feel more secure)
Regressive
behavior may be observed (e.g., toileting accidents, separation anxiety),
so be patient and supportive.
emotions may emerge (e.g., anger, anxiety, guilt, sadness), so help Junior
express and manage these emotions.
child may appear relieved.
your child out of the mud:
not force Junior to choose sides.
not use Junior as a messenger or go-between.
not argue or discuss issues in front of your child.
not "pry" information about your soon-to-be ex-spouse from your child.
not use Junior as a pawn to hurt the other parent.
not speak ill of your soon-to-be ex-spouse in front of your child (because
a child often sees himself in both parents, and "bashing" the other parent
could indeed have a negative impact on your child).
not disrespect your child's relationship with the other parent.
not break the rules of your agreement
not "give-in" and give up on discipline (even if your soon-to-be- ex-spouse
indulges Junior), because children do best (behaviorally and emotionally)
with consistency, structure and routine
care of your own emotional needs:
support from family, friends, or a support group (and remember that this
is not your child's role)
active and involved in things that you need to do (e.g., work, chores,
active and involved in things that you want to do to the extent that your
schedule allows (e.g., going for a quick walk, spend a few minutes reading
something enjoyable)
care of your child's emotional needs:
child may derive benefit from counseling, especially if he experiences
significant difficulties with emotional, social, or academic functioning
(e.g., oppositional/defiant behavior, personality changes, conflict with
peers, excessive fears, compulsive/repetitive behavior, sleep or eating
disturbance).
your child first and work hard to interact with your soon-to-be ex-spouse
in a manner that will minimize conflict and help your child's adjustment.
Assisted Instruction
of the Revolution: All aboard from Parents to Professors, and Teachers to Tots!
computers first arrived on the scene, some were quick to question whether
software was a developmentally appropriate tool for teaching preschoolers.
However, with the proliferation of computers over time, attitudes became more
positive. For example, by 1997 eighty-percent of parents and teachers used the
computer as an important tool in a child's education (according to a survey of
seven hundred respondents conducted by the independent research firm, Market
Facts, Inc.). In a 1996 Position Statement, the National Association for the
Education of Young Children recognized the rich educational opportunities
technology affords children (NAEYC, 1996). Even public policy has repeatedly
identified the importance of computer technology in education (No Child Left
Behind Act, 2002; ISTE, 2000; Goals 2000, 1994; The Technology Literacy
Challenge Fund, 1997). Resisting technology in the classroom would be like
resisting crayons; not impossible, but also not wise. 1984 and 2001 have come
and gone, and progress has not stopped throughout human history. The road has
been proverbially paved by public policy, and schools are flying along the
information highway at light-speed.
is where the hard drive is
1943 Thomas Watson, the chairman of IBM estimated the global market for computers
to be "about 5 or 6." Fifty years ago the UNIAC computer weighed 50 tons and
could only remember 20 numbers at a time! In a 1980 a home computer cost
$4,000, but at the time of this writing a computer that costs only ¼ of that
yet has 100 times more processing power, and 125 times more memory! Computers
in the future will have 100 times more memory than today's computers, and they
will be 100 million times faster (yes, 100 million). There are 105 million
homes in the US, and by the year 2000, more than half had computers. Computers
use is continually climbing across all socio-economic groups in the U.S.
benefits for children with Typical Development
should never and will never replace blocks, crayons, and tricycles. When used
appropriately, though, many studies have demonstrated that computers provide an
especially valuable opportunity for enriched learning, as preschoolers taught
with computers demonstrate significantly greater developmental gains than
preschoolers taught without computers. Researchers have also found more
specific benefits for preschoolers. For example, educational software has been
shown to have a strong positive impact on attention span, a child's internal
motivation, interest in and comprehension of stories, early mathematical
concepts, problem-solving, long-term memory, social competence, and language
skills.
benefits for children with General Developmental Delays
documented above, educational software has a strong positive effect on a broad
range of skills for typically developing children. Research has also found
consistent and positive effects of computers in teaching young children with
developmental delays and disabilities. For example, preschoolers with
significant developmental delays have shown greatly improved skills with
shapes, colors, numbers, and letters following computer-assisted instruction.
Further, the study also found that computer-assisted instruction was
consistently superior to teacher-only instruction. Other researchers, too,
have found more broad-based benefits of computers for children with general
developmental delays, as positive outcomes have been found with language,
reading and writing, pro-social behavior, and higher-order thinking.
benefits for children with Autism or Pervasive Developmental Disorder (P.D.D.)
or PDD is an atypical pattern of development that is diagnosed through a
comprehensive evaluation (usually by a psychologist, neurologist, pediatrician,
developmental pediatrician, etc). A strong body of evidence overwhelmingly
indicates that children with Autism or PDD have the greatest outcomes when the
primary method of intervention is Applied Behavior Analysis or "ABA". ABA is a very individualized, structured, and dynamic technique that teaches
socially important (i.e., "applied") skills (i.e., "behaviors") by breaking
tasks down into small steps and closely monitoring outcomes of specific
programs over time (i.e., "analysis"). Data collection of a child's
performance is the key to monitoring the three crucial aspects of learning,
which are skill (1) acquisition, (2) generalization and (3) maintenance.
Computer-Assisted Instruction compliments and enhances the ABA method, and
computers are generally considered an excellent tool for teaching children with
Autism or PDD. For example, one study compared programs and found computer-based
ABA was superior to traditional ABA as children learned more vocabulary, and
were more motivated and attentive when teachers used the computer.
benefits for children with difficulties speaking and understanding
children can hear well, yet they still have difficulties speaking (e.g.,
delayed vocabulary acquisition, significantly delayed disordered use of
grammar/phrases/sentences, articulation problems, etc) and difficulties
understanding (e.g., not able to follow directions, not able to sustain
attention, not able to remember verbally presented information, significant
difficulty processing language in group situations, difficulty learning
songs/movement patterns, etc). These children have an increased risk of
longer-term language and/or learning challenges, and they may be incorrectly
viewed as "defiant" or "unable to learn". Research indicates that some
evidence of these types of language problems may emerge quite early in life,
but computer-assisted instruction is an effective tool for teaching
language-delayed children.
what makes educational software Good? Great? Awesome?
very important and obvious criteria for "awesome" software is that a parent and
teacher should enjoy interacting and playing with their child/student at the
computer. Researchers have more specifically defined important characteristics
of children's software, including: developmentally appropriate subject matter,
teacher/parent facilitation, progressive skill levels, various age levels,
integrated activities, various activities and concepts, appealing sights and sounds
without being overwhelming, quick feedback, social interaction, language
enrichment, choices, the ability to monitor progress over time,
individualization, fun, interesting, and motivating images/concepts, and the
ability to be used individually or with small groups.
Brain!
can be an effective teaching tool for children 18 months through 6 years due to
"Brain Plasticity", which is the process where a child's experiences excite
neurons and influence connections of neuron networks. As active learning
experiences accumulate (e.g., through computer-based teaching, not passive TV
watching) the brain goes through actual physical changes whereby new neural
groups form, grow, and/or get stronger. In an interesting study, when children
were engaged with developmentally appropriate software they were more active,
more vocal, and they make more positive facial expressions than children who
are watching television (Wartella, E. A. & Nancy, J, 2000). But it's
important to remember that the brain is most "plastic" early in life. Good
software should build computer familiarity/competence, interest,
attention-span, persistence, pride, self-esteem, confidence, quality
adult-child interaction, ability to seek and accept help, ability to make
transitions, and your child's compliance and participation.
Internet: Weapon of Mass Instruction or Crass Destruction?
internet has magically opened up the eyes of our children to all the greatest
that the world has to offer, while at the same time the internet has
offensively pried open the eyes of our children to the worst that the world has
to offer. The internet is the golden road into your home on which the miracles
of the universe can be explored, but it is also the sewer pipe into your home
through which all things vile and predatory can invade. Regarding the
internet, rather than simply "taking the good with the bad," parents need to
"take the good and minimize/eliminate the bad." Here are some tips from the
U.S. Department of Justice Federal Bureau of Investigation regarding predators
and internet safety:
Communicate,
and talk to your child about sexual victimization and potential on-line
time with your children on-line. Have them teach you about their favorite
on-line destinations.
the computer in a common room in the house, not in your child's bedroom.
It is much more difficult for a computer-sex offender to communicate with
a child when the computer screen is visible to a parent or another member
of the household.
parental controls provided by your service provider and/or blocking
software. While electronic chat can be a great place for children to make
new friends and discuss various topics of interest, it is also prowled by
computer-sex offenders. Use of chat rooms, in particular, should be
heavily monitored. While parents should utilize these mechanisms, they
should not totally rely on them.
maintain access to your child's on-line account and randomly check his/her
e-mail. Be aware that your child could be contacted through the U.S. Mail.
Be up front with your child about your access and reasons why.
your child the responsible use of the resources on-line. There is much
more to the on-line experience than chat rooms.
out what computer safeguards are utilized by your child's school, the
public library, and at the homes of your child's friends. These are all
places, outside your normal supervision, where your child could encounter
an on-line predator.
even if your child was a willing participant in any form of sexual
exploitation, that he/she is not at fault and is the victim. The offender
always bears the complete responsibility for his or her actions.
Instruct your children:
never arrange a face-to-face meeting with someone they met on- line;
never upload (post) pictures of themselves onto the Internet or on-line
service to people they do not personally know;
never give out identifying information such as their name, home address,
school name, or telephone number;
never download pictures from an unknown source, as there is a good chance
there could be sexually explicit images;
never respond to messages or bulletin board postings that are suggestive,
obscene, belligerent, or harassing;
whatever they are told on-line may or may not be true.
to the Guinness Book of World Records:
MY, AREN'T YOU A BIG BOY?!"
January 19, 1879, Anna Bates (who stood 7 feet 5½ inches tall) gave birth to
her 23lb. 12oz. son.
BIRTHDAY TO YOU & YOU & YOU & YOU & YOU"
FIVE of Ralph and Carolyn Cummins' children were born on February 20th
(in 1952, 1953, 1956, 1961, & 1966)!
BABY MAKES 9!"
Septuplets
(7 Babies), the most ever from a single birth, were born on November 19, 1997.
THEY LIVED & LIVED & LIVED HAPPILY EVER AFTER"
Hsieh and Woo Siu were married from 3/17/1917 to 10/01/2001, for 84 1/2 years!
RAINING CATS AND DOGS, AND A BABY!"
18-month old boy survived a 65' 7" fall (the highest by a child) from a 7th
floor kitchen window of an apartment in Spain, suffering only bruises, a broken
tooth, and a split lip!
MOM, WHAT SHOULD I MAKE YOU FOR DINNER?"
age 7 Justin Miller became the youngest published chef after getting his first
big break at age 5 on the David Letterman Show.
"DOCTOR,
IT'S PAST YOUR BEDTIME!"
age 11 Emily Rosa is the youngest person to have research published. Her
article on "Touch Therapy" appeared on 4/1/98 in the Journal of the American Medical Association.
"PULITZER
PRIZE PIP-SQUEAK"
Straight became the youngest published author in 1962 at age 4 (How The
World Began, Partheon Books).
ELIGIBLE FOR SOCIAL SECURITY SOON, MAMA"
oldest person ever to be adopted was Paula Dolan. She was 58!
. . . ANY MINUTE"
Munro became the oldest bride at age 102 when she married Dudley Reid (83) on May 31, 1991. And on February 2, 2002 Francois and Madeleine Frenandez became the oldest
couple to wed at the ages of 95 and 94, respectively.
CONFUSING MOTHER'S DAY"
18th Century Russian peasant is verified to have had 27 pregnancies,
bearing 69 children (16 pairs of twins, 7 set of triplets, 4 sets of
quadruplets).
ANOTHER WEDDING GIFT?!"
Wolfe married and divorced 28 different women, one at a time.
Essex holds the female record for the most consecutive marriages with 22.
& David Blair married each other 61 times (in a new location each time).
couples were simultaneously married on 8/25/95 in Seoul, South Korea, at Olympic Stadium. The ceremony was officiated by Sun Myung Moon.
May of 1981 Sheik Mohammed married Princess Salama in the most expensive
wedding ever ($44.5 million). 20,000 people attended at a structure built
especially for the occasion.
PARADISE FOR KEN"
Mattia holds the world's largest Barbie Doll collection, 1,125. Still, this
number represents only about half of all the Barbie models made since 1959. Mr.
Mattia changes the costume of each doll once a month!
"MATCHMAKER,
MATCHMAKER, HOW MUCH DID YOU SAY?!"
Matchmaker of Beverly Hills" has run an international introduction company for
25 years. The fee for a match is over $100,000.
A LITTLE PLACE TO RAISE THE FAMILY"
1922 to 1939 newspaper tycoon William Randolph Hearst built a home in San Simeon, California for over $30 million dollars (which is the modern day equivalent
of over $350 million). There are over 100 rooms and a garage that can fit over
25 limousines. Sixty servants were required to maintain the estate. Not too
far away is television producer Aaron Spelling's home (56,000 square feet; 123
rooms, including a bowling alley and skating rink).
China, the world's most
populated country, had a population of 1.26 billion people in 2000 and is expected
to have 1.5 billion people by 2025!.
"HOP-SCOTCH
June 23, 2001 the Detroit Boys and Girls Club along with the Boomerang Cartoon
Network completed the world's largest chalk pavement art, measuring 28,900
square feet!
OF THE FLIES"
the Marshall Islands 49.3% of the people are under the age of 15, making it the
home of the world's youngest population.
you know your history, then you know where you're coming from" – Bob Marley
Uphill, Both Ways Has Never Been Quite So Uncomfortable"
the 1600's diapers were cloth squares tied onto a baby with a string. And (as
if that bad situation wasn't bad enough) diapers were usually only changed once
every four days. Safety pins and re-usable/washable cloth diapers were not
introduced until the late 1800's.
To The World, Your Prom Is Next Week"
the early to mid-1700's parents believed that rushing children into adulthood
was the best way to "protect" them from the dangers of childhood. There were
very few toys and minimal accommodations or comforts for children.
War (And Idea)"
about the time of the Revolutionary War, thinking about child-rearing changed.
Kids were to be cherished and taught and children were considered "tabula
rasa," or "blank slates" upon which formative ideas could be drawn. Children's
books were written, and toys were created to teach kids about their future adult
roles.
the 1800's it became popular to create an in-home nursery to protect babies
from what were perceived to be the dangers and corrupting influences of the
adult world.
Dad, Could You Love Me A Little Less?!"
the 1950's the advertising slogan "Spanking is never given in anger, rather in
love" was used by a company that sold paddles.
"Spanking!
Currently,
64% of parents report that they spank their children, another 20% admit to
spanking but only "rarely", and 16% report that they have never spanked their
child.
— Behind the Behind:
3 years of age 30% of girls are still in diapers, while 48% of boys remains in
diapers.
IS THE MOTHER OF INVENTION, BUT A GRANDFATHER WAS THE INVENTOR OF THIS
grandfather and Proctor& Gamble researchers invented disposable diapers in
the 1950's after becoming disenchanted with washing the diapers of his
grandkids while babysitting.
"HEY, DROP
A DIME"
Disposable diapers were introduced in 1961 and cost about 10 cents each.
diapers required safety pins until 1968 when tape and diapers were wed.
"STYLIN'
ACROSS THE AGES"
was installed at the leg openings of diapers in 1976 (to prevent leaks), and in
the 90's an "explosion" of "technological" diaper advances included
gender-specific diapers, Velcro and odor absorbency.
SLIMMIN'
DOWN, BUT STILL BEARIN' THE 'LOAD'
today are 2/3 thinner today than they were in 1980.
Abuse – Treatment-Outcome Studies:
his book, "The Effectiveness of Early Intervention" Michael Guralnick examined
studies on maltreating parents and their children. The research is not yet
comprehensive, and there are obvious methodological constraints, but some
interesting information is available.
are some risk factors regarding abuse?
to 70% of maltreated children go on to abuse their children.
than 95% of families in poverty do not abuse.
is no clear "abusive personality type", yet impulsivity, anger and rigid
compulsiveness contribute.
Treatment-Outcome studies show?
and post-natal home visits were conducted for those with multiple risk factors for
continued physical abuse. Results of this parent-education program were
encouraging. Specifically, subsequent incidents of child abuse were committed
by 19% of those parents who did not participate in the parent-education
program, but with 4% among parents in the treatment group.
and Princesses:
"DISNEY'S
Walter Disney left his home in Kansas City for California in the summer of
1923. He created a cartoon called "Alice's Wonderland" and within just a
couple of months, he successfully sold this pilot to a New York distributor.
Walt and his brother Roy made "Alice Comedies" for four years, when he created
a new character, called "Oswald the Lucky Rabbit." Walt produced 26 of the new
cartoons, before he discovered that his distributor had "stolen" not only his
animators, but also the character Oswald! Walt learned a hard lesson and went
on to ensure that he owned all subsequently produced characters.
(I Mean 'MICKEY') MOUSE is BORN!"
losing Oswald, Walt had to create a new character. He came up with "Mortimer
Mouse," but he accepted his wife's suggestion of "Mickey Mouse." Walt could
not sell his first two Mickey Mouse silent cartoons, so he added fully
synchronized sound to his third Mickey Mouse cartoon, and "Steamboat Willie"
received rave reviews when it opened on November 18, 1928.
SECRET WEAPON (licensing)"
needed money, so he accepted a $300 licensing fee from a New York man who put
the Mickey Mouse image on pencils he was manufacturing. Soon Walt drew revenue
from licensing all sorts of Mickey Mouse merchandise, including dolls, dishes,
toothbrushes, radios, etc. The first Mickey Mouse book and comic strip were
published in 1930. Disney's "Flowers And Trees: A Silly Symphony" won the
first ever Academy Award for Best Cartoon in 1932. Disney won Academy Awards
in every remaining year of the '30's.
PRINCESS(ES) WILL SAVE ME"
the 1940's Disney released numerous technical master-pieces (e.g., Pinocchio
and Fantasia, 1940; Dumbo, 1941; Bambi, 1942), however these movies were quite
expensive to produce, and Disney was losing it's market due to World War II.
Walt recalled the great success of his 1937 "Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs,"
which was the highest grossing film of all time (at that time). He returned to
the princess-themed movies, with phenomenal results. In 1950 Disney recaptured
its position of power with Cinderella, and princesses have remained a staple in
the Disney repertoire ever since (e.g., Sleeping Beauty, 1958; The Little
Mermaid, 1989; Beauty & The Beast, 1991; Aladdin, 1992). Even today,
Disney's most popular merchandise is from the huge "Princess Collection".
history dates back more than 3,000 years! Pirate activities were first
described in documents from 1350 BC (Pharo Echnaton) in North Africa and the Mediterranean. The term "Peirto" ("Pirate") appeared in 140 BC in Rome. Pirates also
appeared in Homer's The Iliad and the Odyssey. Piracy dramatically increased
in the 16th Century as technology advanced, allowing for bigger and faster
ships.
tu PIRATES!"
In the 60's BC, Rome was complacent about pirates (perhaps due to the fact that
pirates supplied slaves to the Romans). As time went on, oppressive conditions
in Rome caused many men to turn to piracy as a way of life, and during Rome's
civil war in the 70's pirates grew bold and captured Julius Caesar (in 75 BC).
Caesar remained defiant during his 6 weeks of capture, and he confidently
challenged the pirates at every chance (e.g., Caesar insisted his ransom be higher
than the pirates originally demanded). Immediately after being released,
Caesar returned with his army to the port of Moletus, where he captured and
crucified each of the pirates who held him hostage! The Roman Army went on to
eliminate the threat of the remaining pirates within three months.
"YIKES,
VIKINGS! (and not the purple ones from Minnesota)" The year 793 AD
marked the first known attack by Vikings, the pirates of their day. The
Vikings remained powerful as they conquered and founded cities throughout
northern England, Russia, Istabnbul, and France. The Vikings gave up their
marauding ways when they ultimately accepted a treaty and settled in
Scandinavian regions around 1100 AD.
Piracy also permeated the far-east between the 13th and 16th centuries. For
example, the Japanese pirates preyed on Korean ships, until the year 1443, when
the Koreans offered a treaty permitting the entry of 50 trade ships per year.
in 1999 the AAP recommended completely eliminating TV for children under 2, and
limiting older kids to 1 to 2 hours of "screen time" (TV as well as computer).
Nielson Media Research indicates that since 1999 there has been no reduction of
TV for kids. The average child still watches 21 hours per week. What's a
parent to do? Of course, in addition to limiting the amount of television a
child watches, it is advised to show high quality programs that not only
entertain, but also educate. Watching T.V. with your child and creating
dialogue about the action is also a great idea for making a passive activity
into a fun, interactive one. Here is some interesting information about some
popular characters and T.V. shows:
101 AND ONE-OH-POOH:
August of 1914 a Canadian Lieutenant, Harry Colebourn left his home in Winnipeg (Canada) for Europe during World War I. Lt. Colebourn's train stopped in Ontario, where he bought a small black bear cub for $20 from a hunter (who had killed the
cub's mother). Colebourn named the bear after his hometown, "Winnipeg"
(nickname "Winnie"). Winnie traveled with Lt. Colebourn's brigade as a mascot
of sorts, until December of 1914 when they were deployed to battle in France. Colebourn brought "Winnie" to the London-Zoo for safe-keeping, where he became a popular
attraction and lived happily until 1934. A little boy named Christopher Robin
burst into tears and insisted on being brought home when he first saw what he
called "A Monster" ("Winnie"). But on subsequent visits he developed a very
special fondness for Winnie, and even spent some time inside the cage with
Winnie! Christopher Robin's dad was author A. A. Milne, and after watching his
son's love for Winnie grow, Milne was inspired to write a series of books about
"Winnie the Pooh", his son Christopher Robin, and their friends and adventures
in the 100-Acre-Wood. Some of the characters were based on Christopher Robin's
stuffed animals (Eeyore, Piglet, Tigger, Kanga, and Roo), and other characters
were based on real animals Milne observed around his country home (Rabbit,
Owl). "Winnie the Pooh" was published in 1928. The classic illustrations were
done by E. H. Shepard. By 1996 over 20 million "Winnie the Pooh" books had
been sold in over 40 languages. Walt Disney's daughter fell in love with "Winnie
the Pooh" and the Disney Company was inspired to bring the characters to film
in 1966, 1977, 1997, 2000, and 2002. In 1993 the Walt Disney Company reported
that "Winnie the Pooh" was the second most popular Disney character throughout
the world (second only to Mickey Mouse himself!).
NOW TAO POOH:
A. Milne said that he did not write the "Winnie the Pooh" books for children,
but rather for adults, as author Benjamin Hoff eloquently explains in "The Tao
of Pooh". The ancient Chinese principles of Taoism include a simple manner of
appreciating, learning from, and working with whatever happens in everyday
life. The Taoists indicate that the natural result of the philosophy is
harmony and happiness. Pooh-bear (simple, yet content) is the embodiment of
Tao, while the other characters have different philosophies that ironically
often leave them struggling to be fully content.
BILL (COSBY):
Cosby created "Little Bill" to celebrate the everyday experiences of kids and
their families. "Little Bill" teaches kids that what they do makes a
difference in the world. He also teaches about conflict resolution,
self-esteem, social skills, and the value of love and family. "Little Bill's"
signature saying, "Hello, Friend!" was inspired by the memory and dreams of
Bill Cosby's slain son, Ennis.
IS THE MOTHER OF "LITTLE BEAR":
First-grade
teacher Else Holmelund Minarik wrote, "Little Bear" after she could not find
exactly what she wanted for her students. "Little Bear" is a character that
celebrates discovery, adventure, and love. "Little Bear" is illustrated by
Maurice Sendak, who is best know for his 1964 book, "Where the Wild Things
Are". More than 7 million books in 12 languages have been sold worldwide.
THE BUILDER'S FOUNDATION:
the Builder had a solid foundation with kids all over the world before his U.S. debut in 2001. Bob the Builder is the number one preschool program in Germany, Australia, and Japan, and it is broadcast in over 100 other countries. Bob's theme song
"Can We Fix It? Yes We Can!" emphasizes the show's core themes of respecting
and working cooperatively to overcome obstacles and achieve goals. "Bob the
Builder" not only has a license to build, but also a license to print money, as
he has licensing agreements with Hasbro, Lego, Simon & Schuster, Golden
Books, Brio, and many others.
WITH DORA:
creators of "Dora the Explorer" recognized that little kids are faced with many
obstacles in their day to day functioning (e.g., they can't reach the light
switch, etc.), so the theme of each show centers around stopping to think,
asking for help, and using what you know. The show encourages both verbal and
physical interaction with characters. Dora is an adventurous explorer who
never gives up and is always ready to help a friend. Spanish and English are
used because the ideal age to learn a second language is from birth to 6. It
takes about 12 months to create an episode of "Dora the Explorer".
Disadvantaged Children – Treatment-Outcome Study:
a well-known study on the effects of the Perry Preschool Program on long-term
outcomes with economically disadvantaged children, researchers found not only
strong immediate effects, but also striking effects during a follow-up study when
the preschoolers turned 19 years old. Each of the long-term outcomes was
verified through school, social service, employer, or police records.
NO PRESCHOOL PROGRAM
children ages 3 to 5 years placed on waiting list.
preschool children on key variables, such as income, family size and
composition, square footage of home, parent educational level, etc.
PERRY PRESCHOOL PROGRAM
children ages 3 to 5 years
5 days per week
to 5 staff to student ratio
Child-initiated
Non-educational
focus (e.g., decision-making, social problem-solving)
Involvement & Training
RESULTS at age
NO PRESCHOOL
Drop-Outs
Literate
Attending School
(College/Vocational)
and Terrorism:
course, the following information is necessarily general, and specifics will
vary based on your child's age, development, personality, family situation, and
personal history.
might my child react war or terrorism?
Irritability/Anger/Defiance/Aggression
Sadness/
sleep patterns (difficulty falling asleep, refusing to sleep alone,
nightmares)
refusal/Desire to stay with parent/Clingy/Whiney/Separation Difficulties
complaints (stomach aches, headaches, toileting issues)
Regressed
Behavior (i.e., acting immature)
Play Themes
Behavior/Lack of regard for consequences
Can I Help My Kids?
TV exposure and watch any war/terrorism coverage along with your child.
available for safe, comfortable, and non-judgmental discussion.
what they have heard from peers and TV.
normal routines and structure in day-to-day activities, but be willing to
make exceptions (e.g., let siblings sleep in the same room with you,
extend bedtime rituals, etc.).
kids productive outlets (e.g., sending letters/care packages, drawing
pictures for self-expression).
expression through play, but set limits on play that becomes too
aggressive/violent.
exposure to violent movies/video games.
Distinguish
realistic verses unrealistic fears.
positive thinking, hopefulness, cooperation, consideration/empathy, and
focus on acceptance/celebrating differences.
If I, As a Parent, Become Overwhelmed?
that taking care of yourself will allow you to best take care of your
Maintain/seek
social supports (i.e., family, friends, community organizations, Religious
affiliation, mental health professionals).
the National Center for Children Exposed to Violence (www.nccev.org)
if my child asks, "Are we safe from being attacked?"
ask for your child's ideas about this question; Provide reassurance that we are
all doing everything possible to keep everyone safe; Do not say, "We will
definitely not be attacked" because most children will know this is not necessarily
true and you may undermine your own credibility.
if my child asks, "Whose Fault Is The War?"
what you feel is developmentally appropriate, but whatever your politics are,
it is important to let kids know that we are not at war with a specific race or
religion.
if my child asks, "How Will This Change My Life?"
with your child that almost every generation has experienced a war during their
lifetime. War may help us learn life-long lessons. Help your child explore
thoughts, feelings, and ideas.
If I Say The Wrong Thing? Should I Just Say Nothing?
no answer you give will entirely "fix" the problem, remaining silent probably
won't "protect" kids. In fact, your silence may prevent your child from
understanding/coping.
If Discussions Are Upsetting?
very nature of war/terrorism is upsetting, so it is unrealistic to expect an
easy discussion or no uncomfortable emotions. What's most important is to
reassure, remain calm, and provide a safe and secure environment for your
If My Kids Don't Seem Affected Or Don't Want To Talk About It?
"forcing" discussion, but keep an "open door" and periodically try to revisit
the topic. Remain aware of a child's possible reactions (listed above).
Traditions:
all so (equally)"
dictates that all Bridesmaids and Groomsmen dress the same to confuse evil
spirits and thereby protect the bride and groom.
Pope, THANK YOU! Love Always, All your friends at the Diamond District"
the 13th Century Pope Innocent III declared that there must be a waiting period
between engagement and marriage, and that both the engagement and the wedding
needed to be sealed with a ring.
ahead, give 'the finger' to your spouse"
wear wedding rings on the third finger of the left hand out of a tradition
developed from the ancient Greek belief that a vein runs from this finger
directly to the heart.
"Soggy
term "Toast" is used when hoisting a celebratory drink based on a French tradition.
Specifically, a piece of bread was placed in the bottom of a wine glass, and
all present took sips until the guest of honor finished the wine and swallowed
the bread/toast.
Flying Objects"
a bouquet symbolizes protection, garters are for luck, and rice is for
fertility.
(or attack) now, or forever hold your peace"
many religions a groom stands to the right of the bride so that he could grab
and use his sword in the event of attack.
me, you fool!"
exaggerated kiss at the end of a marriage ceremony symbolizes the swapping of
souls between the bride and groom.


Windows 8 is a version of Microsoft Windows (an operating system produced by Microsoft) for use on personal computers, including home and business desktops, laptops, tablets, and home theater PCs. Development of Windows 8 started before the release of its predecessor, Windows 7, in 2009. Its existence was first announced at CES 2011, and followed by the release of three pre-release versions from September 2011 to May 2012. The operating system was released to manufacturing on August 1, 2012, and was released for general availability on October 26, 2012.
Now, Windows 8 has been commercially available for more than four months. Have upgraded your computer to the newest Windows system, Windows 8, and now need a Windows 8 compatible PDF Converter to convert PDF files to Microsoft Word documents? If so, you can have my recommendation here: Advanced PDF Converter 6.0 which has been proved to be a trustworthy and effective PDF to Word converter. It can professionally convert a huge PDF to .doc on Windows 8 without any quality lost and even remain the entire original text font, images, graphics, hyperlinks, layout and formatting. Take a glimpse at how to use this PDF Converter for Windows 8 to convert PDF files.
How to Use Convert PDF to Word on Windows 8?
Click the download button to download Advanced PDF Converter 6.0. After you get the .exe installation file, double-click it and follow the prompts to install it on your computer. After the installing, launch the Advanced PDF Converter 6.0right away.
Click the "Add File(s)" button, browse your PDF files in your computer, and select the PDF files you want to convert.
After you select a PDF file or files for conversion, you need to specify ' Options '.
Page Range: The pages for the documents to be converted are indicated here. You have the option to change all pages or any pages that related to the number you have filled in the blank next to "Page Numbers".
Output File Format: The format for the documents to be converted is indicated here. You have the option to select "Rich Text Format (*.rtf)" to convert the PDF document to RTF document or select "Word Document (*.doc)" to convert the PDF document to Microsoft Word document.
Click "Browse" to locate your output folder for your destination files.
Click "Convert" button to start the conversion. A dialogue window would appear when the conversion process has been completed successfully. Click "Open File" button to view the converted file or click the "Close" button to close the screen.


If you are looking to build a commercial building, you must try to get professional contractors. That calls for thorough research on the same before settling on one.
The company's reputation throughout its operations is crucial for you to know. This is because, it is easy for an experienced firm to handle complex structures and their complexities. A reputable firm is able to adjust the plan and design of the structure to fit the available space; something not achievable by amateurs. They can as well advise you on a variety of aspects ranging from the number of floors the structure can support, if you are building a multi-floored building. Also, the contractor can give you a breakdown of processes and materials that you will be required to buy for the construction to be successful. Construction duration can as well be approximated to allow you to plan well. Since those estimates are almost accurate, you can budget well for the construction without any worries. There is a high likelihood that an experienced construction firm will have equally experienced workers, and that implies that the resulting structure will be of a better standard. That will ensure that the resulting commercial structure meets the required standards, and it will be durable.
You should carry out a detailed research about that company by enquiring about its legality at the registrar of companies' office, and other departments mandated to do it. In so doing, you will be sure that you are dealing with a legit construction company, which is allowed to operate under the nation's statutes. Once you hire a certified company, it will be easy for you to take legal action against the company in case it fails to deliver on their mandate. There is vital info you may garner by visiting the local authorities and organizations. There are a number of boards which you can as well enquire about the firm from. The reason for this is that, there exist quite a number of firms, some inexperienced to undertake such massive contracts, and may end up underperforming.
Finally, you can interview the companies which are close to you. You are required to enquire from them about their terms of service, total cost, insurance issues, employees' medical covers, warranty, etc. For example, the company must have insured all its workers against accidents which are likely to occur during the construction period. You must get a guarantee from whichever company you choose to construct the building, that the building must remain in a perfect condition for as long as possible. The cheapest company is, however, not necessary the best, and vice versa.
In many occasion you will find that weight loss and wellness go hand in hand. It is known in most situations that if you gain weight without anything, you are doing a bad thing. Speaking about health, it can deteriorate in so many ways. In turn, this will affect your overall wellness and will cause you to feel in various negative ways. You will start to feel more sluggish and a bit more cranky than expected. This will lead to more stress experienced in your life in the long run and it can never be a good sign to you. You will get ill very easily and your overall productiveness will begin to go down.
What is important in wanting to lose weight is the diet that we have. Even if a person wants to gain weight to gain mass while going to the gym, will have to also check on their diet. It is not simple to lose weight but for the dedicated it is quite achievable.
These organizations are quite many and are set up all around the world. The organization that takes you step by step in the procedure is the one that I would term as a good wellness organization. You will attain wellness of the body or loss weight if there is a certain guidance that is helping you to get there. Most people that have attempt to do it for themselves have failed in the process. Few have tried and attained their goals but many have fallen back to their original places and some have had worse cases.
Out there you will find so many strategies being offer by these organizations. The only thing remaining is you to chose what you find fitting for you. It is usually advisable to pick because people are do not have the same body type or the same body structure. In these strategies, there are very many activities to perform in order for you to attain your goal.
You will get to enjoy so many advantages from using a cryotherapy machine. In this case, you can make use of them to achieve different things in different areas. They are designed to succeed in different industries. You can buy a cryotherapy machine and use it in your home as an investment. It will be very helpful to you. In this case, operating a cryotherapy machine is very easy. Passing a simple test will make it easy for you to operate a cryotherapy machine. It doesn't require a lot of training to be an operator. A cryotherapy machine has the ability of regulating itself through a proprietary software. In assumption, you can use it to make money.
An operator should be very keen when operating a cryotherapy machine. You will be needed to touch the screen after 30 minutes to proof that you are monitoring the user. Through this you will be able to stay safe. A pulse sensor is used in the cryotherapy machine to monitor your heart rate. It has oxygen sensor to monitors the user's oxygen level. In assumption, using a cryotherapy machine is very safe. If not well used, the valve will shut down automatically. This plays a big role in preventing any kind of danger. In this case, a cryotherapy machine is used to treat different tissue lesions.
A cryotherapy machine has guidelines to follow. You are required to be keen for it function. A user is always be provided with personal protector equipment's. There will be nothing to fear when using the machine. In this case, all people can fit in a cryotherapy machine. Your size doesn't matter because they are designed to accommodate all sizes of people. If you have issues with your body weight, you can take advantage of the cold and do some exercises. They will help you reduce your weight and keep fit. A whole body benefits from a cryotherapy machine.
A cryotherapy machine has long life span. It's very convenient. There are no cases reported of machine breakdown. The machine works perfectly ensuring success. When you use a cryotherapy machine, you are assured of good results. A cryotherapy chamber is has minimum maintenance. It doesn't have moving parts that will need regular servicing. Parts can be replaced easily without the machine stopping to function. Replacement takes very few minutes.
All the knowledge you will require before installing a cryotherapy machine will be given to you. Everything required for safety will be made clear to you. Anything you will want to be sure of will be explained to you by the technician. any training needed is provided by the technicians who ate always available. You are required to have an insurance cover for your cryotherapy machine.
Why not learn more about Chambers?
There are times that you run out of money and your paycheck is not due, this can really stress your especially when you have bills to settle and they are almost due. In case you find yourself in such a situation, it is important for you to know that there are good online personal loan lenders such as Bonsai Finance that will help you in accessing a quick loan. Online personal loan lenders are many online and this can make it hard for you to find the right one to choose, it is therefore vital that you consider the following aspects to help you choose the ideal online personal loan lender.
When you are looking for a good online personal loan lender, it is important that you ask for reference. When you have never dealt with any online personal loan lender, choosing the right can be challenging as you are likely to come across a number of them in your search for the ideal one to choose. It is therefore important that you ask for reference from people that are close to you. You can get referrals from friends and family that have dealt with these lenders before and you can also get recommendations from professionals such as accountants.
When you are looking for the best online personal loan lender, it is best that you check the credentials that the lender has. Not all online personal loan lenders that you come across are real and that is why you need to check their credentials. Therefore, it is important to ensure that the lender you have chosen is stated regulated. The lender's website should also be well-developed and it should also have more information about the lender and his services.
The third important factor that you need to consider when choosing the right online personal loan lender is the interest rates that they have. Checking the interest rates charged by the loan lender is crucial as these lenders apply different interest rates for the same amount of loan that you want. It is for this reason that you need to check the different interest rates that is being offered by at least three lenders. The moment you do this, it is will simple for you to find one that has manageable rates.
The last factor that you need to consider when choosing the right online personal loan lender is the repayment period. Checking the period of time that you will be given to repay your loan is necessary as different loan lenders have different loan repayment period. Since these lenders will offer you with different loan repayment period options, it is best that you choose a lender that allows you to select the period of time that you need to repay the loan.
Gone are the days when cannabis used to be illegal almost everywhere, and now the majority of people are into this business. Because of that there is need to hire a marijuana consultant to help you with better ideas that can make your business to stand out. But you should also know that we have some consultants who are not up to the task and they are especially taking advantage of new business. Here are some of the tips that will help you in hiring the best marijuana consultant.
Apart from that, you should also consider niche consultants based on your needs. You find that there has been segmentation in the marijuana industries and this has made even some people specialize in specific segments of the industry. For instance, we have consultants marketing themselves as one-stop-shop for a dispensary, cultivating consultants, among many other areas. With this you will be in a position to know that not all marijuana consultants will benefit your business because they have different qualifications. To be accurate enough you should go with a consultant that is specialized in your area.
Besides, you should also ask them if they are doing business with your competition. One thing that you should know is that you will not be able to beat your competition when they are using the same strategies that you are using. In this case, you will have to identify a cannabis consultant that only works for you as this will ensure the safety of your business. You should not buy the idea that they share with you the secrets of other competitors because they will equally share yours with them.
Apart from that, you should also check their experience. For that matter, you should make sure that you hire a marijuana consultant who has been in the field for a long time. One good thing with such consultants is that they know some of the best tactics that can see your business move to the next level.
With words come to power. And yet, there is more power found in books than in mere words alone. Words do not always last a long time. The imagination and ideas that are found in an article or book with words, though, make a lasting impression on a person. A book teaches a lot of things to the person reading them and instills many things in a person. Some of their teachings include the importance of life, living life to the fullest, and a sense of morality. Having access to these powerful learnings and ideas is crucial for every living soul in this day and age. That is why you have free books to be downloaded online. Such free books are what you call as eBooks. Because of free eBooks, people can now access books that they want to read.
Thanks to the internet, a lot of people are now able to make doing certain tasks that much easier. It has also helped a lot of readers. eBooks have been invented for readers who want to read a wide range of books to be made available to them in one place. Books offer you a whole range of knowledge and concepts. However, it is quite disheartening to note that most of these books are expensive. This is why free eBooks are around. People who do not have enough money to buy expensive books can still learn some stuff inside of them with eBooks and pdf found on the internet. For you to read them and get a copy of your own, you simply need to download the eBook directly to your device. The internet has a great resource of eBooks in this modern day and age. For sure, every person will have their respective interests on the kinds of books that they prefer to read. You can expect these readers to also be sharing their readings to other readers who are part of their circle. A community of people will then be able to learn more about what knowledge they have obtained from the book. The words used in the spread of knowledge might differ; however, the idea that one takes from the eBook remains the same. Usually, what idea they get to read from the books that they choose will then be applied in their own lives.
There is need for investors with anticipations of joining commodity trading industry to get hold of a commodity trader broker who will ultimately guide them through the process. There are so many commodity trading brokers who are established today and this demands that you scrutinize them where you need to identify the best and the most credible. Jotted below are some guidelines that will enable you choose the best commodity broker in your locale.
To begin with, there is need for you to acknowledge the brokers established in your locale and have a shortlisted list of these brokers. There is therefore need for you to use the internet search engines and conduct your research extensively. How well the broker is reviewed, rated and even how well their track record is represented will hell; you incorporate them in your shortlisted list of brokers. These are things that will ultimately enable you narrow down your list and eventually shortlist some few brokers that you can settle for. There is need to also consider garnering recommendations from other investors.
The next fundamental consideration that you need to bank on is examining the experience and the credibility of the brokerage services provider. A reliable commodity trading broker should have extensive experience in the industry. Therefore, ensure to deal with a broker who for years have been in the industry and have amassed the best skills, knowledge and experience. For you to determine whether the broker is knowledgeable and credible, you should consider perusing through their website and reviews. The net worth of the broker is also to be considered and this helps you determine whether they have tremendous skills.
There is always need for you to examine the fees that a broker subjects you to. Therefore, ensure to look for other fees estimations from other brokers for comparison purposes. There is need for you to settle for a broker with lower fees. At the same time, ensure to look for trading discounts and these are the discounts that you need to consider.
The other fundamental consideration that you need to bank on is reviews and testimonials from other clients or rather investors. This is where you eye on determining whether the broker is reputable or not. Therefore, ensure to use the internet search engines to look for the online reviews and ratings availed by other traders. The moment you review the testimonials, you will manage to determine whether the trading broker is reliable, reputable and overly credible. Where other traders are contented by the experiences they had with the broker, you should give them a try.
Supercars are unique and very different to any other when it comes to care. They are too expensive to have it any other way. It doesnt matter if all you need to get done is a general tune-up or a simple oil and filter change, supercars generally need special care. It is no surprise then that the number of performance car servicing companies is not as high as one would expect. Many who claim to have an understanding of what a supercar requires to stay in good shape and offer optimum performance do not deliver. Thus, you must consider a couple of key factors first when you are in the market for one. Doing so will help you find the one that can work on your supercar comfortably without doing it any harm. Find below a step-by-step guide for choosing a performance car servicing company.
Begin your search by carrying out some research. Check if there are any that are within your vicinity that you can evaluate further. What you are in the market for is a company that can perform full diagnostics and subsequent service on you supercar. Check the website to be able to learn more about our services. If you are keen on making a well-informed choice, then you shall have to get as much info as possible.
Another thing that you need to think about is the reputation of the performance car servicing company. There must be some reviews and feedback about this company. These reports will help you understand more about the work they do and if they do it satisfactorily.
Look at the licensing and accreditation of the company. Leaving your car with an unauthorized car servicing company is simply out of the question. You need to ensure that the company has the right accreditation from the manufacturer. Such accreditation also means that the staff who will be handling your car have been certified and licensed as well. When you are dealing with a licensed car servicing company, there is no guess work or fumbling around with your car but rather exact and right diagnostics and service each and every time.
When your car is in for service, you will need a replacement car, find out if the company is offering you one. It is very critical that they do offer one. If the company doesnt offer this and you have to add some more money to get one, then this option is not for you.
Think about customer service. This team shall keep you posted on the progress as your car is getting the attention it needs.
Taking photograph is becoming fascinating among many people. It will be more enjoyable viewing a quality image when one takes the photograph with a professional photographer. The existence of digital photograph has that enables easier operation has resulted to low quality images. It will be true to say that the media market is flooded with well trained photograph specialist. It is a daunting exercise to choose the best photographer out of the many that exist in the industry. Caution will be demanded by anyone seeking to hire the best photographer. One who will explore deeply will be assured of making the process cheap. The issues concerning this art will be revealed more through research. Here are some of the tips that will guide one to choosing the best photographer in the market.
One has to consider the experience the photographer has. Make inquiries to know the length the photographer has been in the market. An individual who has offered photographic services for long will be more experienced as compared with those who have served for shorter periods. As one unveils the experience the photographer has, they will be able to tell his or her reputation. A professional photographer will have more experience. Low quality images will be avoided if one will hire a well trained photographer. The number of referrals a photographer has will tell more about their experience.
Moreover, check out the cost of these services. One should take note of the different photographic costs in the market. One has to note that costly photographic services do not always guarantee high quality images. Compare all the best bidders in the market. The photograph cost quoted by an expert should be pocket friendly to the clients. The client's needs should be met by a good photographer in the market. Inquire from the photographer their charging rate. Ensure you have known on the existence of additional charges. If there exist extra charges agree with the photographer before signing a deal with them.
The worthiness of the images taken by the photographer ought to be considered. There exist a number of styles in photography. One with a range of photographic styles will be preferred by many clients as compared to one with limited styles. One who knows their desire will find it easier choosing a photographer who fits their needs. The photograph styles vary based on the ocassion. Spare time to go through a sample of the photos the expert has. Quality photograph will be assured when the samples have minimal variance. What other people will tell more on the quality and kind of services they received. Ensure you have a clue on the post processing activities done by the photographer. An individual will be certain of hiring the best photographer when they will follow the hints above.
Compression socks which are normally extremely athletic are just specialized socks which have been intended to advance and help the bloodstream all through your entire body and that is to state from your feet and back to your heart. Right when an individual has had long days on their feet and high-intensive training sessions you find that compression socks can help by putting the pressure on these particular zones of the body. In this talk, we are going to take a look at how ladies can profit by the utilization of compression socks and why they ought to be urged to use them in any case. One of the sections where compression socks ordinarily prove to be useful for ladies is the point at which you see wellbeing related advantages and this is on the grounds that they can help your muscles to effectively recoup after a long training session by guaranteeing that there is no dangerous clotting or agonizing swelling. This is brought about due to the fact that the compression socks are able to ensure that the blood flows quickly throughout your full body and therefore it doesn't provide enough time for it to clot which is usually a very dangerous situation and may lead to heart or brain complications.
If you feel that the medical advantages that are achieved with the compression socks are insufficient to bait you to have a pair, at that point you ought to likewise comprehend that they can acquire a significant number of beauty-related benefits moreover. The greater part of the women are regularly careful and sensitive of what they look like physically and thusly, those women with varicose veins which are commonly swelling and making a joke of their legs ought to guarantee that they get a few the compression socks which will help with appearance.


text:
Alice Ng
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S1 Teaching and Learning Arrangements for Taught Postgraduate Programmes
The University announced on May 5, 2021 that face-to-face (f2f) teaching and learning will resume in S1, 2021-22. This policy applies to both undergraduate and taught postgraduate (TPg) curricula. Since…
S1, 2021-22 Teaching Arrangements
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Purpose: Determine effect of prey size on capture rate in Butterworts.
Butterworts are curious carnivorous plants with sticky, goey leaves thats are quite good at capturing small prey. The leaves do not move much, but do a great job of digesting captured prey right on the leaf.
In this inquiry investigation, students investigate the trapping of 2 different size prey: wingless and flightless fruit flies. Students make observations, collect and graphically analyze data, make inferences, and draw conclusions. They end with a good understanding of how butterworts select appropriate prey size to minimize energy requirements and maximize nutrition capture in greater detail than simplying reading about it.


Emacs is another editor available in UNIX. Like vi, emacs is a screen editor. Unlike vi, emacs is not an insertion mode editor, meaning that any character typed in emacs is automatically inserted into the file, unless it includes a command prefix.
Commands in emacs are either control characters (hold down the <Ctrl> key while typing another character) or are prefixed by one of a set of reserved characters: <Esc> or <Ctrl>-X. The <Esc> key can be typed by itself (because it really is a character) and then followed by another character; the <Ctrl> key must be held down while the next character is being typed. The conventions for describing these characters (since it takes too long to type out the whole thing) are ESC means <Esc> and C- means <Ctrl>.
One other distinction between emacs and vi is that emacs allows you to edit several files at once. The window for emacs can be divided into several windows, each of which contains a view into a buffer. Each buffer typically corresponds to a different file. Many of the commands listed below are for reading files into new buffers and moving between buffers.
If the file named filename exists, then the first screen's worth of the file is displayed; if it doesn't exist, a help message is displayed.
immediately after you have started emacs. The tutorial directs you further in learning the basic commands. One notational point you should know is that the tutorial uses M- to mean ESC.
To give you a head start, the following table lists the basic commands you need to know to use emacs to edit a file. An asterisk (* or star) to the left of a command indicate it is one to learn immediately.
Depending on the terminal, some of the cursor movement can be handled by the arrow keys.
Emacs has many other useful commands. As you get more proficient at it, try listing the key bindings (ESC-x for describe-bindings) to find other commands. Also note that emacs has what is called escape-completion: as you type in commands or filenames, you can type a space at any time and emacs will either fill out the rest (if there is only one possible completion) or it will list the possible completions in a new window.
A Web page with a complete list of emacs bindings is also available.


text:
package io.vertx.ext.hawkular.impl;

import io.vertx.core.http.HttpServerRequest;
import io.vertx.core.http.HttpServerResponse;
import io.vertx.core.http.ServerWebSocket;
import io.vertx.core.net.SocketAddress;
import io.vertx.core.spi.metrics.HttpServerMetrics;

import java.util.concurrent.atomic.LongAdder;

/**
 * @author Thomas Segismont
 */
public class HttpServerMetricsImpl implements HttpServerMetrics<Long, Void, Void> {
  // Request info
  private final LongAdder processingTime = new LongAdder();
  private final LongAdder requestCount = new LongAdder();
  private final LongAdder requests = new LongAdder();
  // HTTP Connection info
  private final LongAdder httpConnections = new LongAdder();
  // Websocket Connection info
  private final LongAdder wsConnections = new LongAdder();
  // Bytes info
  private final LongAdder bytesReceived = new LongAdder();
  private final LongAdder bytesSent = new LongAdder();
  // Other
  private final LongAdder errorCount = new LongAdder();

  private final SocketAddress localAddress;
  private final HttpServerMetricsSupplier httpServerMetricsSupplier;

  public HttpServerMetricsImpl(SocketAddress localAddress, HttpServerMetricsSupplier httpServerMetricsSupplier) {
    this.localAddress = localAddress;
    this.httpServerMetricsSupplier = httpServerMetricsSupplier;
    httpServerMetricsSupplier.register(this);
  }

  @Override
  public Long requestBegin(Void socketMetric, HttpServerRequest request) {
    requests.increment();
    return System.nanoTime();
  }

  @Override
  public void responseEnd(Long nanoStart, HttpServerResponse response) {
    long requestProcessingTime = System.nanoTime() - nanoStart;
    processingTime.add(requestProcessingTime);
    requestCount.increment();
    requests.decrement();
  }

  @Override
  public Void upgrade(Long requestMetric, ServerWebSocket serverWebSocket) {
    return null;
  }

  @Override
  public Void connected(Void socketMetric, ServerWebSocket serverWebSocket) {
    wsConnections.increment();
    return null;
  }

  @Override
  public void disconnected(Void serverWebSocketMetric) {
    wsConnections.decrement();
  }

  @Override
  public Void connected(SocketAddress remoteAddress) {
    httpConnections.increment();
    return null;
  }

  @Override
  public void disconnected(Void socketMetric, SocketAddress remoteAddress) {
    httpConnections.decrement();
  }

  @Override
  public void bytesRead(Void socketMetric, SocketAddress remoteAddress, long numberOfBytes) {
    bytesReceived.add(numberOfBytes);
  }

  @Override
  public void bytesWritten(Void socketMetric, SocketAddress remoteAddress, long numberOfBytes) {
    bytesSent.add(numberOfBytes);
  }

  @Override
  public void exceptionOccurred(Void socketMetric, SocketAddress remoteAddress, Throwable t) {
    errorCount.increment();
  }

  /**
   * @return the local {@link SocketAddress} of the {@link io.vertx.core.http.HttpServer}
   */
  public SocketAddress getServerAddress() {
    return localAddress;
  }

  /**
   * @return cumulated processing time of http requests
   */
  public Long getProcessingTime() {
    return processingTime.sum();
  }

  /**
   * @return total number of processed http requests
   */
  public Long getRequestCount() {
    return requestCount.sum();
  }

  /**
   * @return number of http requests currently processed
   */
  public Long getRequests() {
    return requests.sum();
  }

  /**
   * @return number of http connections currently opened
   */
  public Long getHttpConnections() {
    return httpConnections.sum();
  }

  /**
   * @return number of websocket connections currently opened
   */
  public Long getWsConnections() {
    return wsConnections.sum();
  }

  /**
   * @return total number of bytes received
   */
  public Long getBytesReceived() {
    return bytesReceived.sum();
  }

  /**
   * @return total number of bytes sent
   */
  public Long getBytesSent() {
    return bytesSent.sum();
  }

  /**
   * @return total number of errors
   */
  public Long getErrorCount() {
    return errorCount.sum();
  }

  @Override
  public boolean isEnabled() {
    return true;
  }

  @Override
  public void close() {
    httpServerMetricsSupplier.unregister(this);
  }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Q: How can I define an XML XSD type to describe the subset of "double" excluding "NaN" ,"positiveInfinity", "negativeInfinity" I have an existing XSD where the type for an element is specified as "double", according to the spec this restricts the valid values to:

1) the non-zero numbers  m × 2e , where m is an integer whose absolute value is less than 253, and e is an integer between −1074 and 971, inclusive.
  2) In addition to these values, the ·value space· of double also contains the following ·special values·:  positiveZero, negativeZero, positiveInfinity, negativeInfinity, and notANumber.

I am fine with the first part, but I want to disallow/exclude the following:

*

*positiveInfinity

*negativeInfinity

*notANumber (NaN)

What is the XML XSD syntax/definition to define this new type, that represents "double, except for positiveInfinity, negativeInfinity, notANumber (NaN)'.

A: You can probably achieve this with a restriction
<xs:element name="myDouble">
    <xs:simpleType>
        <xs:restriction base="xs:double">
          <xs:minExclusive value="-INF"/>
          <xs:maxExclusive value="INF"/>
        </xs:restriction>
    </xs:simpleType>
</xs:element>

Note : NaN seems to be also stopped by <xs:maxExclusive value="INF"/>

ERROR: Element 'myDouble': [facet 'maxExclusive'] The value 'NaN' must
  be less than 'INF'.

I've tried it and it work with
<myDouble>123.456</myDouble> <!-- OK -->
<myDouble>+1234.456</myDouble> <!-- OK -->
<myDouble>-1.2344e56</myDouble> <!-- OK -->
<myDouble>-.45E-6</myDouble> <!-- OK -->
<myDouble>INF</myDouble> <!-- KO -->
<myDouble>-INF</myDouble> <!-- KO -->
<myDouble>NaN</myDouble> <!-- KO -->

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
The Queen Anne Counterbalance was a funicular streetcar line operated by the Seattle Electric Company, serving the steep slope along its namesake street on Queen Anne Hill in Seattle, Washington, from 1901 to 1940. It replaced an earlier cable car line built by the Front Street Cable Railway in 1891.

Design

The steep hill along Queen Anne Avenue has grades of up to 19 percent between Mercer and Comstock. The initial cable car service to the top of the hill that was completed in 1891 used a route north via Second Avenue from the existing cable car powerhouse at Denny Way and 2nd, west via Aloha Street to Queen Anne Avenue, then north via Queen Anne to the terminus at Highland Drive. After Seattle Electric Company took over the Front Street Cable Railway in 1900, the line was electrified, rerouted, and combined with the Front Street line as the West Queen Anne line, which ran north/northwest from Pioneer Square (Walker and First Ave S) to Seventh Ave W and W McGraw St via Queen Anne and Galer. Although most of the route was operated using the electric traction motors alone, the Counterbalance portion of the West Queen Anne line used counterweight assistance to ascend and descend approximately half of the route along Queen Anne Avenue; this subsection ran north–south between Roy and Comstock.

The counterbalance that began operation in 1901 used an underground cable that looped around two sheaves each  in diameter; the sheaves were at the top (under the intersection with Comstock) and bottom (Roy) of the hill. The surface-running passenger streetcar attached to the upper cable length and ran on tracks at street level. The lower cable length was connected to a rail car counterweight that ran on a parallel set of tracks in an underground tunnel below the surface tracks. A narrow gauge railway (2 ft 6 in) was laid in the tunnel for the counterweight rail car, laden with  of concrete and pig iron. When the streetcar ascended or descended, it would be counterbalanced by the descending/ascending rail car. The counterweight rail car was equipped with a spring-loaded safety stop that would automatically stop the car if the cable broke. The timber-lined counterweight tunnel was set at a constant grade of 13.5%, aside from the top and bottom ends, and has a cross-section of  wide by  tall.

At the top and bottom of the hill, the streetcar would stop so that attendants stationed in small booths could engage (or disengage) the streetcar from the counterbalance cable and adjust the weight of the counterbalance rail car; the work-intensive attachment and adjustment processes limited minimum headways to 12 minutes. The car connected to a "plow" attached to the upper cable run; the plow was a single plate of steel,  thick, which projected a few inches above the center slot. The conductor controlled a cross-bar attached to the streetcar; the bar dropped into a notch cut into the center of the plow.

This design was invented by J.P.F. Kuhlmann, a civil engineer in Seattle, and was implemented earlier in that city on Washington Avenue (1891, 16% grade) and on Rainier Avenue (17% grade). Outside of Seattle, the Kuhlmann design also was used on the Front Street route (14% grade) of the City & West Portland Motor Line in Portland, Oregon, the College Hill line (15% grade) of the Union Railroad in Providence, Rhode Island, and the Selby Avenue line (1898, 16% grade) in St. Paul, Minnesota. The Queen Anne Counterbalance had the largest tunnel and counterweight car of all the Kuhlmann systems. A similar underground counterweight system was used for the Balmain Tramway extension, but with horizontal sheaves.

In 1902, a parallel set of tracks were added on the west side of Queen Anne Avenue, with a second underground tunnel and independent counterweight railcar. That year, Seattle Electric Company also purchased ten new streetcars to serve the line, numbered 311 to 320, which were built by the Stephenson Car Company. Most served until service over the line was discontinued in 1940. In 1908, the first tunnel was rebuilt with reinforced concrete supports.

History
Initially, the Front Street Cable Railway (FSCRy) started a cable car franchise in 1889, connecting Pioneer Square and Denny Way via Front Street (now First Avenue) in Seattle. FSCRy extended its line north to Highland Drive via 2nd, Aloha, and Queen Anne under a subsidiary called the North Seattle Cable Railway Company in 1891. Cable cars, as designed for hilly San Francisco, were ideal for the steep northernmost blocks of the extended line.

The panic of 1893 left the company weak and after going bankrupt in 1898, FSCRy and its franchises were acquired by  a division of Stone & Webster, the Seattle Electric Company, in 1900. Seattle Electric promptly started electrifying the cable car lines to reduce operating costs. Due to the extreme grade of the northernmost blocks along Queen Anne (between Mercer and Comstock), electric streetcars would have to rely on a counterbalance system to supplement their motors, leaving it as one of the last cable car lines in Seattle. By early 1901, the Queen Anne Counterbalance began operation with a single track.

In May 1901, Seattle Electric advanced a plan to tunnel beneath Queen Anne Hill to replace the counterbalance, but the idea was unpopular and not pursued further. The first serious mishap occurred less than a week later, after a counterweight cable snapped, releasing the railcar counterweight, which shot downhill and buried itself at the bottom, shutting down operations for two days. By 1903, the street had been paved. Seattle Electric was purchased by the city in 1919 for $15 million and the streetcar system, including the Counterbalance, was operated by the city as the Seattle Municipal Street Railway.

On March 5, 1937, the Seattle Municipal Street Railway held a race between the Counterbalance and a new trolleybus, powered by a temporary overhead line; the trolleybus, laden with 92 passengers, finished climbing the hill in a minute and a half, well ahead of the streetcar, which finished in just over three minutes despite the latter being given a head start from halfway up the hill. The race was arranged by the engineering firm of John C. Beeler to support its plan to convert the streetcar system to trolleybuses, but voters rejected Proposition A on March 9, 1937, which would have issued $11.6 million in bonds to finance the conversion and settle the remaining debt from the 1919 purchase of Seattle Electric. Eventually, with the help of a federal loan, the city began converting its streetcar system to trolleybuses, and the first "trackless trolley" started revenue service on April 28, 1940.

The West Queen Anne streetcar line finished its final run at approximately 2:30 AM on the morning of August 11, 1940; that run was swamped by a "mob of 70 Queen Anne youths" who took over the streetcar after it was stopped by an improvised barricade of garbage cans at the intersection of Queen Anne and Galer. By that time, the operator had already dealt with grease on the tracks; the youths dispersed the 40 passengers on board by pelting them with rotten fruits and vegetables. Over the next hour, the mob broke all the windows on the streetcar and stripped it of its seats, straps, and light bulbs. 20 were arrested later in connection with the wild scene; the operator asked the court to dismiss the charges just before the trial, scheduled for September 16, was to start.

A trolleybus line assumed service over Queen Anne starting on September 2, 1940 but the tunnels were retained in case the counterweight railcars were needed to assist the trolleybuses during winter. The surface tracks and cable slots were removed in 1943. The West Queen Anne streetcar line north of Denny Way, including the Counterbalance section, is mostly duplicated by the modern King County Metro trolleybus line operated as Route 2. , the underground tunnels and counterweight cars are still present and undisturbed.

Legacy
 The portion of Queen Anne Avenue North and the hill itself on which the cable car counterweight system ran are also known locally as the Counterbalance.
 Several businesses in the neighborhood were named (or renamed) for the Counterbalance.
 The fictional radio psychiatrist Frasier Crane mentioned his residence was "on the Counterbalance" in the Season 1 episode "Can't Buy Me Love" of the eponymous TV series. The view from his condominium was actually taken from nearby Kerry Park.
 When weather conditions are snowy and icy, the City of Seattle closes the Counterbalance route. Social media users post videos of cars that have ignored these signs and attempt to drive up and down the hill.

Counterbalance Park

Counterbalance Park: An Urban Oasis is a small  municipal park at 700 Queen Anne Ave N. (northeast corner of the intersection with Roy St), named for the Counterbalance line which ran nearby. It was designed by landscape architect Robert Murase and artist Iole Alessandrini. The Pro Parks Levy, approved by voters in November 2000, made funds available to acquire a park site tentatively named Queen Anne Park; the identified site was formerly occupied by a gasoline station, and was purchased by the City of Seattle in 2004. The design was largely complete by October 2005, when it was presented to the Seattle Design Commission, and detail modifications were made for a follow-up review in March 2007; by then the park had received its current name. The park was completed in 2008 and a ribbon-cutting ceremony was held on July 19.

The original design was a plaza with shade trees lining the concrete retaining walls on the north and east edges of the plaza; there is a narrow outer area paralleling each street covered with ipe wood decking, and a larger inner area covered with decomposed granite. The inner area was set off from the outer ipe decking with a lit, elevated corner, which would be echoed by uplighting on the north and east retaining walls. Originally, Counterbalance Park was designed by Murase with a water feature flowing over boulders in the northeast corner of the inner area; however, due to budget constraints, this was never implemented. The park was completed under a public-private partnership, with private donors contributing approximately half the cost of construction. To honor the private donor that made the largest single contribution, an "art element" was added consisting of five sculpted rocks. The implemented "art element" was criticized because the final designs were never reviewed or approved by Seattle Parks staff prior to installation, and the execution was seen as inelegant.

The park was panned initially as unimpressive and uninviting. After the lighting system designed by Alessandrini and Murase was debugged, programmable LED fixtures illuminate the park's vertical concrete retaining walls and corner element from 5 PM to 2 AM nightly and the site was praised as "Seattle's best after-hours park", provided that foot traffic would increase.

See also
 Great Incline, a similar contemporaneous line on Mount Lowe near Pasadena (1893–1938)
 Fillmore Counterbalance, a similar contemporaneous line in San Francisco (1895–1941)

Notes

References

External links

1891 establishments in Washington (state)
1940 disestablishments in Washington (state)
Cable car railways in the United States
Streetcars in Washington (state)
Transportation in Seattle
Tram, urban railway and trolley companies
History of Seattle

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Chiron Investigations Crypto Recovery Solutions exposes Revolutionary System for Recovering Stolen Cryptocurrency
Written by uniqueanalyst_gbt68s on January 25, 2023 in Vehement Finance News Network
Dartford, United Kingdom, 25th Jan 2023 – Chiron Investigations Crypto Recovery Solutions, a premier cyber forensic firm, is proud to unveil their new cryptocurrency recovery system, designed to help individuals and businesses reclaim digital assets that have been lost as a result of cybercrime. The company boasts a 9/10 success rate in tracking and recovering lost funds using advanced techniques and cutting-edge cybersecurity tools to locate online assets and trace digital trails left by cybercriminals. The company also recognizes itself as sufficiently spreading the awareness on how to get their stolen cryptocurrency back.
In addition to recovery services, Chiron offers a range of measures to protect cryptocurrency investments. Their advanced protocols and team of genuine detectors and global network provide comprehensive coverage, and they guarantee a recovery rate of 97% for all digital currency transactions. The company also offers recovery for those affected by romance criminal activity, where money has been lost to a deceptive partner or cybercriminal.
In order to protect digital assets, the company recommends enabling two-factor authentication (2FA) on hot wallet accounts, using strong and unique passwords, being cautious when clicking links or downloading attachments, and keeping software and devices up to date with the latest security patches and updates. They also suggest considering the use of a cold wallet for long-term storage of cryptocurrency and for helping in forex trading stolen crypto recovery services.
Chiron investigation's team of experienced professionals is available to assist clients with a no win, no fee policy. The company's mission is to help individuals and businesses reclaim lost digital assets following instances of cybercrime targeting cryptocurrency and forex trading.
In conclusion, the company offers tracing services to track down the source of embezzlement and recovery services to help get back stolen funds and resolve wallet issues. They also provide forex trading services and offer comprehensive updates and educational resources to assist customers in preventing future cryptocurrency losses.
Chiron Investigations Crypto Recovery Solutions is a reputable cyber forensic company located in Dartford, UK that specializes in helping people and companies retrieve lost digital assets resulting from cybercrime involving cryptocurrency and forex trading. They have a high success rate of 90% in finding and recovering lost funds using advanced methods and state-of-the-art cybersecurity technology to trace online assets and follow the digital footprints of cybercriminals.
For more information, visit the Chiron Investigations Crypto Recovery Solutions website at https://chiron-investigations.com/
Organization: Chiron Investigations Crypto Recovery Solutions
Contact Person: Julie Spencer
Email: Admin@chiron-investigations.com
Website: https://chiron-investigations.com/
City: Dartford
Release Id: 2501232303
The post Chiron Investigations Crypto Recovery Solutions exposes Revolutionary System for Recovering Stolen Cryptocurrency appeared first on King Newswire.
HB Research announced its first crypto-related investment of 1 million in yPredict


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20 March 2012: Progress is being made on the proposal for some evacuated tubes on the roof.
I have had a visit from Jason Phillips (of JL Phillips), representing M & G Renewables, for a reconnaissance of what needs doing for the tubes. There is not a lot, as the plumbing downstairs needs a small modification, and the rest is in the loft.
Downstairs, I shall get rid of the 3 port valve, replacing it with a non-return valve. We have an almost plug-in-ready connection point in the loft for the additional circuit - just needs to be modified slightly from my existing layout. There is a convenient location for the pumping station, pressure vessel and energy meter, I only need to fix up some more timber panel to fix them to. I will ask for the thermostat-control unit to be downstairs next to the existing one, next to the heat pump.
Therefore, I have rung Richard Pearson (of Pearson Scaffolding) to make a start on a scaffold for the rear wall. It will go up between the two drain pipes. The PV should only be down for a day while they fix the metal rack to hold the tubes.


Use the options on the left to narrow your search.
This image is used in the interpretation by Jimenez-Bonilla et al. (2017, Tectonics) of the internal structure and basement properties of the external Betics FTB from Sierras Subbeticas NW-wards to the Guadalquivir Basin. Please see the publication for interpretation and discussion. Location map and paper link in the docs and links section of this image.
An interpretation of the detail of the line TEPP00-128, showing mass wasting transition at the Somnath Ridge NW escarpment (Fig. 12D in Calves et al. 2011; see the main VSA survey docs & links).
Variance extraction at the base of the post-avulsion channel. Notice the downdip increase in sinuosity due to underlying bathymetric anomalies (see cross-sections). A more detailed explanation can be found in Ortiz-Karpf et al (2015). The link to the paper can be found in the docs and links tab.
Extensional minibasin formed above a mobile substrate (Messinian evaporites?) on the floor of the Ionian Sea. The interpretation here follows a model of extensional flow in the underlying Messinian evaporires. Alternatively the faulting and basin may couple with active basement faulting in the Ionian lithosphere.
2D time-migrated seismic section from the southern North Sea Silverpit Basin area that shows salt pillow in the core of folding.
3D perspective of time structure map of interpreted horizon. This surface has been used to extract seismic attributes. See associated scenes.
Bathymetic map (merged surveys) for the seabed across the Sinu Accretionary Prism, offshore Colombia. The Magdalena Fan is evident at the top (north) of the map. A set of related regional projects provide the context for clipped 2D seismic profiles that show the shallow section across the prism.
Uncertainties in interpreting thrust zones on seismic data - how complex are these structures?


Don't get wrapped up in your own cords.
Since cable companies have spent so much money bribing government officials, there's not much you can do about most of the fees.
Cable companies charge so much for service that it's almost unbearable.
You might not have any choice but to pay the prices your ISP sets, but you can at least do something to cut your bill by up to $10 a month.
Your cable company has been overcharging you for years for every service it provides.
Here's how to stream 1080p HD content from your laptop or mobile device to your TV, without the hassle.
Instead of shelling out another $600 over the next five years, get yourself a TP-Link Cable Modem for $43.
There is at least one small move you can make to save up to $120 a year and piss off your cable company at the same time.
Your cable company has been overcharging you for years, it's time for some payback.
Here's how to $8-$10 off your cable each month.
Eliminate the $8-$10 monthly fee your cable company has been charging.
Want to make your cable company really angry while simultaneously making yourself really happy?


How to apply for Bihar Police Constable Recruitment 2018?
Latest News!!! The Central Selection Board of Constable is going to release Bihar Police Recruitment 2018. Officials are going to provide huge number of posts for both Constable & Sub Inspector (SI). Aspirants seeking for Latest Police can check complete details from this page. According to the notice, it is ready to hire 24000 Posts for CSBC Bihar Police Constable Vacancies. The online registration will start soon. So, eligible candidates can apply for Bihar Police SI Notification 2018. One can visit official website www.csbc.bih.nic.in to download official Pdf. Here we share complete information regarding education qualification and age limit. Furthermore, details will furnish below.
The Bihar Police Department is under the Department of Home Affairs, Government of Bihar. It is headed by a Director General of Police. It is law and order municipal police force for the Bihar State. According to this information every year officials releases the notification as per the requirement. Now, they are going to release Bihar Police Recruitment 2018. Candidates searching for Bihar Govt Jobs can apply for Bihar Police Constable SI Bharti. Applicants are supposed to download official notification Pdf from online web portal at csbc.bih.nic.in.
According to the notice, candidates can apply for Bihar Police Recruitment 2018 before the last date. Candidates those who complete 12th Standard or Degree from any recognized Board or University as per the prescribed norms of Bihar Police Department are eligible to apply for CSBC Bihar Police Jobs. Those who are with minimum 18 years and maximum 23 years can follow this information to apply. The complete procedure of CSBC Bihar Police Constable Apply Online 2018 is available in this page.
Officials will upload the notification of Bihar Police Recruitment 2018 for 24000 vacancies. Male and Female candidates are eligible to apply for CSBC Bihar Police Constable Apply Online 2018. Candidates those who are willing to apply can follow the procedure from this page. Here we provide the active link of CSBC Bihar Police Constable Vacancies Online Application link. The last date for submission of online application is given below.
Applicants should have minimum 18 years to Maximum 23 years and Upper age relaxation will be applicable as per the Government Norms.


text:
Q: nose unittest discovery broken on python 3.8 Upgraded from python 3.7 to 3.8 today. Unittest discovery in nose no longer works.
Simplified project layout
x:\proj\src\__init__.py
x:\proj\src\first.py
x:\proj\tests\__init.py
x:\proj\tests\testfirst.py

From project root x:\proj, run:
nosetests -v
-----------------------------------------------
Ran 0 tests in 0.016s

OK

Can only run unittests by specifying them, eg:
nosetests tests.testfirst
.
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Ran 1 test in 0.000s

OK

Platform

*

*nosetests version 1.3.7

*Python 3.8.0 (tags/v3.8.0:fa919fd, Oct 14
2019, 19:37:50) [MSC v.1916 64 bit (AMD64)] on win32

A: Nose now requires you use the --traverse-namespace option when there are multiple packages. You can add this to the nosetests invocation, or to save yourself typing, add it to setup.cfg, eg:
[nosetests]
traverse-namespace=1