The parallel dimensions of opera and jazz collide with this condensed chamber group featuring operatic vocals, piano, and clarinet and soprano saxophone. Multi-instrumentalist and bandleader Aaron Johnson defines, examines and explores the parallels between Italian composer Giacomo Puccini's Bel Canto Operatic tradition and the sublime sounds of Sidney Bechet's New Orleans.
Aaron Johnson is a Saxophonist and Scholar of Jazz History and Culture whose music and unrelenting energy have captivated listeners and musicians in a short period of time. A disciple of Charlie Parker and the Bebop era, Johnson is an artist possessing a wild musical imagination, a fearless heart and a probing intellect.
He has lectured, given talks and moderated panels regarding the state of Jazz, it's history, identity, culture and function at notable institutions such as New York University, Jazz at Lincoln Center, The National Jazz Museum of Harlem and the College of William and Mary (Williamsburg, Virginia).
Aaron has appeared in concerts and jazz club settings as a sideman to notable Jazz artists and rising stars such as Jonathan Batiste, Connie Crothers, Bruce Harris, Michael Mwenso, James Langton's NY All Star Big Band and The Jimmy Halperin Quartet as well as leading his Quintet with Trumpeter Benny Benack III at Dizzy's Club Coca Cola, Jazz at Lincoln Center. In 2009 and 2014, Aaron produced historically accurate recreations of Benny Goodman's Orchestra (2009, Oregon) and Charlie Parker with Strings (2014, NYC).


Would you like to own a used Olympics BMW?
Some great news for all Beemer fans here in the UK. BMW plans to sell off most of their Olympic fleet cars. This includes the 320d and 700 520d EfficientDynamics as well as the new 1 Series ActiveE electric vehicles, MINI E (electric vehicle) and 5 Series ActiveHybrids.
The great news is that there are more cars then their dealers here in the UK can distribute and more than 50% might go up for auction, where some lucky fellow might be able to get them at a bargain (or maybe not). No cofirmation yet as these are all rumours.
It's about time to upgrade my old car for a new one and a Beemer would be ideal. Not sure whether I can afford the Olympic cars even though they are used. I would love to try out the 1 Series ActiveE electric vehicles or Minie Es.
An electric car is an option I am considering for my daily commute to work as we have free recharging points in our car park. I was really jealous when I learnt that several bloggers in Malaysia had been given Nissan Leaf cars to review for a few weeks. That's another car I would love to try out.
I think mostly have not heard about this kind of car.


text:
Download books » Biology, Genetics » Download EPUB Genes: A Very Short Introduction (Very Short Introductions)
Genes: A Very Short Introduction (Very Short Introductions)
Date: December 1st, 2014
Сategory: Biology, Genetics | Chemistry | Education, Learning
Number of pages: 152 pages
In this exploration of the concept of the gene, Jonathan Slack looks at the discovery, nature, and role of genes in both evolution and development. Explaining the nature of genetic variation in the human population, how hereditary factors were identified as molecules of DNA, and how certain specific mutations can lead to disease, Slack highlights how DNA variants are used to trace human ancestry and migration, and can also used by forensic scientists to identify individuals in crime. He also explores issues such as the role of genetic heritability and IQ as well as the changes that occur in the genes of populations during evolution. An ideal guide for anyone curious about what genes are and how genetics can be put to use, this Very Short Introduction demonstrates the ways in which the gene concept has been understood and used by molecular biologists, population biologists, and social scientists around the world.
About the Series: The Very Short Introductions series from Oxford University Press contains hundreds of titles in almost every subject area. These pocket-sized books are the perfect way to get ahead in a new subject quickly. Our expert authors combine facts, analysis, perspective, new ideas, and enthusiasm to make interesting and challenging topics highly readable.
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Biology, Genetics | Engineering, Technology | Philosophy, Ethics
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Genetic Testing and Gene Therapy (The Biotechnology Revolution)
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30-Second Genetics: The 50 most revolutionary discoveries in
The Extended Phenotype: The Long Reach of the Gene (Oxford
Knots Step by Step: A Practical Guide to Tying & Using Over 100 Knots, New Edition
Grow Now: How We Can Save Our Health, Communities, and Planet—One Garden at a Time
The Lemon Cookbook: 50 Sweet & Savory Recipes to Brighten Every Meal
Pie School: Lessons in Fruit, Flour & Butter
50 Best Plants on the Planet: The Most Nutrient-Dense Fruits and Vegetables, in 150 Delicious Recipes

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
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About us: ROY ROBSON is an international lifestyle brand for men's fashion. Since 1922, customers have placed their trust in the fashion expertise and high quality of ROY ROBSON collections. From business looks to casual wear, ROY ROBSON clothing can be combined in a variety of ways to highlight the style and personality of the wearer.
A successful company always has a history, a philosophy, and a product which are linked together. This is also the case with ROY ROBSON. Whether in Berlin, where the company was founded, or at today's headquarters in Luneburg: the craftsmanship and quality of the work are what have made ROY ROBSON into an international fashion brand. That is why the knot is visible as a signet at ROY ROBSON – as a symbol of the corporate values of authenticity, cohesion, and combining tradition with modernity.
ROY ROBSON fashions can be found in single-brand stores and specialist shops throughout Europe.
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text:
 Design Count
Design Count
Design Count featuring great design, architecture, fashion, graphics and innovation from across the globe.
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Marta Perla Lamp Saturday, 28 January 2023
Design should be understandable, sensitive and necessary. It's terrific how a road sign is readable by everyone or how an object recalls of a particular period of people life. Solving and interpreting without leaving behind respect for environment: this is good design with hope to reconnect human beings to nature. Siro is a table lamp, composed by a hemisphere and a disc, unleashing a radiant light toward the inside. When observed from the front, the lamp seems to consist of two bi-dimensional shapes, creating an illusion of perfect equilibrium.
Alexey Danilin Lamp Friday, 27 January 2023
Supersymmetry
In the year 2020 people had to reinvent their lifestyles and face a collision of professional and private in their homes. Inspiration to solve this problem was found in one of the concepts of modern partial physics, supersymmetry, which explains how the substance can transform into matter. A lighting fixture was designed to help people to switch between their life essences by the simple move and magnetic click. The lamp transforms from a vertical source of soft light to a horizontal source of concentrated light for work, creation, and close communication.
Reza Ghanadan Multifunctional Floor Lamp Thursday, 26 January 2023
Innovative, Multifunctional and Minimal. Their design stands out from all the rest in its level since it displays both creativity and uniqueness. Creative because their team used graphical figures of number 100 to design a multifunctional floor lamp and unique because where else can one find a light which also purifies the air? This is probably just the beginning of the journey of numbers finding their paths to the world of design.
Igor Lobanov Lighting Fixtures Wednesday, 25 January 2023
Family of four luminaires designed for rotational molding technology explores its advantages. The family includes two basic shapes: Zeppelin and Balloon. These shapes are designed to be used in various applications, sizes and proportions. The inflatable shapes used for aeronautics, air and clouds are a sign of lightness and simplicity. It is a fine metaphor for suspended lighting fixtures appear floating inside interior spaces.
Alexey Danilin Lamp Tuesday, 24 January 2023
The lamp was designed on the principle of matryoshka dolls. It consists of three metal elements of different scales. They can be rotated and change the appearance of the lamp. To satisfy the customer's taste. These elements can be folded. With this, the lamp will become smaller. This will reduce the box and transportation costs. Each metal element resembles the silhouette of a classic table lamp. But smoother, to resemble the shape of a matryoshka doll. In the middle of the lamp is a sphere made of frosted glass. Inside the sphere are LEDs.
Maurice Taylor Lighting Monday, 23 January 2023
X897 Pl1
The limited-edition X897 PL1 draws inspiration from the beauty of the cherry blossoming in spring. Maurice Taylor's design comprises folded aluminum layers with a white powder-coat finish that wrap around the light bulb like petals. The pendant light has been designed to carry a removable light filter that subtly taints the layers in color. In total, there are 100 lights and 100 corresponding digital certificates produced. These blockchain-based digital certificates (NFT's) carry a unique, numbered printable artwork linking back to the original inspiration, the cherry blossom.
Designer of the day Special Coverage Saturday, 21 January 2023
Design Count features superior lighting products and innovative lighting design projects worldwide.
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All Rights Reserved. © 2023 Design Count by Designers.Org.


Kevin Bille out after six years leading his alma mater's hoops program.
BREWSTER Fairless High School will have a new boys basketball coach for the first time since 2013 next season.
The Board of Education and administration decided not to renew the contract of Kevin Bille as boys basketball head coach after he spent six years at the helm of the program.
"We decided a change was needed," Fairless Local Schools superintendent Broc Bidlack said Thursday.
Bille declined comment on the situation.
This past year marked a particularly tough time in Bille's career, when he was sidelined for almost the entirety of the season due to a herniated disc and accompanying surgery. He was able to coach the final regular season game for the Falcons, along with their playoff loss to Hanoverton United.
Steve Sauls coached in Bille's place for the remainder of the season, which saw the Falcons go 9-14. It was the fourth time in the six seasons in which Fairless won at least nine games, and first since the 2015-16 season.
Health problems have also forced Bille to take medical leave from his duties as Fairless High School athletic director for the remainder of the school year, according to Bidlack.
A 1995 Fairless graduate, Bille returned to his alma mater in 2013 after 10 seasons of coaching at Notre Dame College. Fairless went 49-91 during the last six seasons, including those games in which Sauls coached in Bille's place this past season.
The year before Bille arrived Fairless went 0-23. The Falcons made an appearance in the district final two seasons later, when they went 14-12 for their lone winning season in that span.
Fairless is currently taking applications for a new head coach. Interested candidates should send a letter of interest and resume to: Mr. Broc Bidlack, Superintendent; Fairless Local Schools; 11885 Navarre Road Southwest; Navarre, OH 44662; broc.bidlack@fairless.sparcc.org.
The hope is for Fairless to have a new coach by the beginning of June, the busiest month of offseason basketball for most high school teams.
"We want to do a thorough search, but the ad is out there," Bidlack said.


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Michael Jordan, NBA Legendary Basketball MVP.
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Networked - having the right dissemination channels established for reaching the target audience and scaling up.


text:
BEGIN;
-- Do everything in the unison_aux schema
SET search_path = unison_aux;

--DROP TABLE ptm_type cascade;
create table ptm_type (
	ptm_type_id serial PRIMARY KEY,
	origin_id integer NOT NULL,
	ptm_type text NOT NULL,
	acc text,
	target text NOT NULL,
	pos_mod_aa text,
	pos_mod_pp text,
	correction_formula text,
	mass_diff_isotopic float,
	mass_diff_avg float,
	cellular_location text,
	keyword text
);

CREATE unique index ptm_type_origin_ptm_type_unq_idx on ptm_type(origin_id,ptm_type);

GRANT SELECT ON ptm_type to PUBLIC;

--DROP TABLE ptm cascade;
create table ptm (
	ptm_type_id integer NOT NULL,
	alias text NOT NULL,
	descr text,
	start integer NOT NULL,
	stop integer,
	expt boolean default 'f' NOT NULL
);

GRANT SELECT ON ptm to public;

ALTER TABLE ptm add constraint ptm_ptm_type_id_fkey
   FOREIGN KEY (ptm_type_id) references ptm_type(ptm_type_id) on update cascade on delete cascade;

CREATE index ptm_seq_alias on ptm(alias);

create or replace function unison_aux.ptm_type_id(text) returns integer AS '
DECLARE V_id integer;
BEGIN
	select into V_id ptm_type_id from unison_aux.ptm_type where ptm_type = $1;
	IF NOT FOUND THEN RAISE WARNING ''ptm type ''''%'''' not found'', $1;
		RETURN NULL;
	END IF;
	return V_id;
END;'
language 'plpgsql';

COMMIT;

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Glaucoma is a collective term used to describe a broad range of eye diseases that damage the optic nerve and cause loss of vision. Many patients believe the disease is simply due to high pressure within the eye. While high Intraocular Pressure (IOP) is the most common cause, it is not the only cause. Regardless, the various types of this disease share a common factor. That is, if not diagnosed early, treated properly, and controlled, it will result in permanent vision loss.
Glaucoma produces symptoms that make patients uncomfortable and disturbs their vision. Unfortunately, it can begin without any symptoms or obvious loss of vision. In this way, it is quite insidious in onset. If not diagnosed and treated early in its course, it will lead to progressive, permanent, and unnoticed vision loss. This is what makes it essential to diagnose and treat it as early as possible.
Glaucoma is one of the leading causes of blindness for patients between the ages of 18-65. An estimated three million people have the disease, yet only half actually know they have it. Other studies estimate that between three and six million people in the US have higher than normal IOP, but without obvious signs of damage to the optic nerve. Thus, it is likely that another million people have the disease, but have not yet been diagnosed because they do not have access to eye care or screenings. In the US alone, approximately 100,000 patients are legally blind as a result of this disease.
Glaucoma is a very complex eye disease, and not simply an elevated IOP. The Eye Center provides comprehensive diagnostic testing and treatment, as well as taking the time necessary to give each patient the personal education needed to fully understand their condition.


Every year thousands of workers are killed or seriously injured on the job. This occurs even though many state and federal regulations, as well as industry standards, require employers to implement a wide variety of safety measures.
Workers' compensation laws are designed to ensure that employees who are injured or disabled on the job are compensated for their monetary losses. These laws also provide benefits for dependents of those workers who are killed because of work-related accidents or illnesses. Although workmen's compensation benefits aide employees while injured on the job, they are usually not sufficient to fully compensate injured workers for all damages sustained as a result of their work-related accident.
Under Illinois State Law, employees cannot sue their employers for damages sustained as a result of a work-related accident. In order to receive reasonable compensation for their injuries, workers must commence lawsuits against parties other than their employer. In addition to workman's compensation benefits, additional damages that can be recovered in these lawsuits include pain and suffering, additional wage loss benefits, additional medical benefits, and loss of services for the spouse.
Injured workers also have the right to appeal a judge's decision with respect to their compensation claim provided they file a written application for review within 30 days after the decision has been made.
Many things can trigger a Worker's Comp claim. Contact us to learn more.


For National Eye Health Week our Consultant Mr Sachdev talks us through his top tips for keeping your eyes healthy.
There is increasing evidence that a good diet is important in keeping your eyes healthy. Nutrients like omega-3 fatty acids, lutein, zinc, and vitamins C and E might prevent progression or even development of eye problems such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and cataracts. Good foods to have on your plate include: green leafy vegetables (spinach, kale, collards), salmon, tuna, eggs, nuts, beans, oranges, oysters and pork. Although not necessarily all together!
A recent study showed that Oriental and Mediterranean diets are beneficial for those at risk of AMD. Both diets constitute a high consumption of fruits, vegetables, legumes, wholegrains and nuts with more seafood in the Oriental diet. In contrast, the Western diet with a higher intake of red meat, high-fat dairy, processed meat, fried potatoes and alcohol consumption (> 2 units/day) increased risk of developing AMD. The study showed that increased dietary intake of flavonoids found in tea, chocolate, red wine, and fruit particularly oranges reduced risk of onset of AMD. Food for thought!
Eating well also helps maintain a healthy weight which reduces the risk of type 2 diabetes which is currently the leading cause of visual impairment in adults.
Many people are still unaware of the link between smoking and eye disease. Smoking significantly increases the risk of developing cataract and AMD. The risk is cumulative so the more you smoke the higher the risk. No matter how long you have smoked, there is a still a health benefit in stopping.
The right pair of sunglasses will protect your eyes from UV light. Excessive UV exposure increases risk of cataracts and macular degeneration. A pair that blocks 99% to 100% of UVA and UVB rays is ideal.
When working close up, your eye muscles are active. This may cause eyestrain, headaches and even dry eyes. Follow something known as the 20/20/20 rule: every 20 minutes, look at something 20 feet away, for 20 seconds. Make sure you blink or your eyes will become dry.
Regular examinations can pick up the need for a change of glasses but they can also detect early signs of certain diseases such as glaucoma which often don't have any visual symptoms initially. They can also detect signs of underlying general health conditions such as diabetes, raised cholesterol and high blood pressure.


text:
Soil quality - Assessment of impact from soil contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons (ISO 11504:2017)
ISO 11504:2017 gives guidelines with regard to the choice of fractions and individual compounds when carrying out analysis for petroleum hydrocarbons in soils, soil materials and related materials, including sediments, for the purpose of assessing risks to human health, the environment and other possible receptors. Since many products based on petroleum hydrocarbons often contain substances that are not hydrocarbons, the recommendations also encompass such compounds where relevant.
ISO 11504:2017 also includes relevant background information on which the recommendations are based together with guidance on the use of the fractions recommended in the assessment of risk.
ISO 11504:2017 does not set criteria or guidelines for use as assessment criteria, since this is typically a national or regional regulatory issue. This document also does not include recommendations as to the specific model for the exposure assessment or the specific parameter values to be used; with respect to guidance on this matter, reference is made to ISO 15800.
Bodenbeschaffenheit - Beurteilung der Wirkung von mit Mineralölkohlenwasserstoffen verunreinigten Böden (ISO 11504:2017)
Qualité du sol - Évaluation de l'impact du sol contaminé avec des hydrocarbures pétroliers (ISO 11504:2017)
ISO 11504:2017 fournit des lignes directrices concernant le choix des fractions et des composés individuels lors de la réalisation d'une analyse des hydrocarbures pétroliers dans les sols, les matériaux constitutifs du sol et les matériaux connexes, y compris les sédiments, à des fins d'évaluation des risques pour la santé des personnes, l'environnement et d'autres récepteurs éventuels. Étant donné que de nombreux produits à base d'hydrocarbures pétroliers contiennent souvent des substances différentes des hydrocarbures, les recommandations englobent également ces composés, le cas échéant.
ISO 11504:2017 comprend également des informations de base pertinentes sur lesquelles s'appuient les recommandations, ainsi que des lignes directrices relatives à l'utilisation des fractions recommandées dans l'évaluation du risque.
ISO 11504:2017 ne fixe pas de critères ou de lignes directrices faisant office de critères d'évaluation puisque ceux-ci sont généralement du ressort des instances réglementaires nationales ou régionales. Le présent document n'inclut pas non plus de recommandations concernant le modèle spécifique d'évaluation de l'exposition ou les valeurs de paramètres spécifiques à utiliser. Concernant les lignes directrices relatives à ces questions, il est fait référence à l'ISO 15800.
Kakovost tal - Ocena vplivov tal, onesnaženih z ogljikovodiki iz nafte (ISO 11504:2017)
Ta mednarodni standard podaja smernice za izbiro delcev in posameznih spojin pri analizi ogljikovodikov iz nafte v tleh, talnih materialih in sorodnih materialih, vključno s sedimenti, za namene ocene tveganja za zdravje ljudi, okolje in druge morebitne prejemnike.
13.080.01 - Soil quality and pedology in general
13.080.10 - Chemical characteristics of soils
CEN/TC 444 - Environmental characterization
CEN/TC 444/WG 8 - Assessment
SIST EN ISO 11504:2017 - Soil quality - Assessment of impact from soil contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons (ISO 11504:2017)
SIST EN ISO 11504:2017
Kakovost tal - Ocena vplivov tal, onesnaženih z ogljikovodiki iz nafte (ISO
11504:2017)
Soil quality - Assessment of impact from soil contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons
(ISO 11504:2017)
Bodenbeschaffenheit - Beurteilung der Wirkung von mit Mineralölkohlenwasserstoffen
verunreinigten Böden (ISO 11504:2017)
Qualité du sol - Évaluation de l'impact du sol contaminé avec des hydrocarbures de
pétrole (ISO 11504:2017)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 11504:2017
13.080.10 .HPLMVNH]QDþLOQRVWLWDO Chemical characteristics of
SIST EN ISO 11504:2017 en,fr,de
Soil quality - Assessment of impact from soil contaminated
with petroleum hydrocarbons (ISO 11504:2017)
Qualité du sol - Évaluation de l'impact du sol Bodenbeschaffenheit - Beurteilung der Wirkung von
contaminé avec des hydrocarbures de pétrole (ISO mit Mineralölkohlenwasserstoffen verunreinigten
11504:2017) Böden (ISO 11504:2017)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 26 September 2017.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and United Kingdom.
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2017 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 11504:2017 E
EN ISO 11504:2017 (E)
Contents Page
European foreword ..........................................................................................................................3
European foreword
This document (EN ISO 11504:2017) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 190 "Soil
quality" in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 345 "Characterization of soils" the
secretariat of which is held by NEN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by March 2018 and conflicting national standards shall be
withdrawn at the latest by March 2018.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia,
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta,
Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and the United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 11504:2017 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 11504:2017 without any modification.
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 11504
Soil quality — Assessment of
impact from soil contaminated with
petroleum hydrocarbons
Qualité du sol — Évaluation de l'impact du sol contaminé avec des
hydrocarbures pétroliers
ISO 11504:2017(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2017, Published in Switzerland
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior
written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO's member body in the country of
the requester.
ISO copyright office
Ch. de Blandonnet 8 • CP 401
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, Switzerland
copyright@iso.org
www.iso.org
ii © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved
Foreword ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................iv
Introduction ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................v
1 Scope ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 1
2 Normative references ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 1
3	Terms	and	definitions ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 1
4 Principle ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 3
5 Relevant fractions and individual compounds ..................................................................................................................... 4
5.1 General ........................................................................................................................................................................................................... 4
5.2 Fractions ....................................................................................................................................................................................................... 4
5.3 Individual compounds ...................................................................................................................................................................... 5
6 Petroleum hydrocarbons in soil ........................................................................................................................................................... 6
7 Exposure assessment of petroleum hydrocarbons in soil ......................................................................................... 8
7.2 Relevant exposure routes for petroleum hydrocarbons ..................................................................................... 9
7.3 Exposure assessment methods ................................................................................................................................................. 9
7.4 Toxicity assessment methods ..................................................................................................................................................10
7.5 Relations between oil fractions in different media related to exposure ............................................11
8 Issues related to sampling and investigation ......................................................................................................................13
8.1 General ........................................................................................................................................................................................................13
8.2 Issues related to analysis ............................................................................................................................................................13
Annex A (informative) Physico-chemical properties of different petroleum hydrocarbons, etc. ......15
Annex B (informative) Examples of suggested tolerated concentration in air (TCA) and
tolerable	daily	intake	(TDI)	values	for	different	specific	petroleum	hydrocarbons ..................19
Annex C (informative) Overview of suggested fractionations in different countries .....................................20
Bibliography .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................22
© ISO 2017 – All rights reserved iii
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following
URL: w w w . i s o .org/ iso/ foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 190, Soil quality, Subcommittee SC 7, Soil
and site assessment.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition, which has been technically revised.
iv © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 10 ----------------------
Petroleum hydrocarbons (PHCs) are common environmental contaminants. They are components
of crude oil and products derived from it and are consequently found on a variety of sites including
refineries, sites where they are used as feedstock (e.g. for manufacture of plastics), manufactured gas
production sites, sites where hydrocarbons are used as fuel or lubricants and retail service stations.
They may also be present as a result of spills and leaks during transportation or related to vehicle
accidents.
Petroleum hydrocarbons can present unacceptable risks to the health and safety of humans, ecological
systems, surface water, groundwater resources and to structures and building materials. Measuring
the total concentration of petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) in soil (and pore water and pore gas) does not
give a useful basis for the evaluation of the potential risks to man and the environment. The variety of
physical-chemical properties, and thus differences in the migration and fate of individual compounds,
and the toxicity and carcinogenicity of different fractions and compounds in oil products, need to be
taken into account in human health and environmental risk assessments.
Only a limited number of individual compounds can be routinely identified and quantified. It is,
consequently, important to adopt methods of analysis that provide information about the amount of
different hydrocarbon fractions present, preferably distinguishing between aliphatic and aromatic
fractions, and the concentrations of single compounds of particular concern with respect to the
potential health and environmental risks that they pose.
Although most petroleum hydrocarbons found in soil are of anthropogenic nature, there are some
natural sources of these materials and other organic substances (e.g. peat and coal). The analytical
methods historically used for the measurement of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) tend to
measure natural materials as TPH. This issue will not be dealt with in this document, except to note
that a method which is able to give a more precise determination of the petroleum hydrocarbons is less
prone to giving results that can be misinterpreted and potentially lead to unnecessary or unsustainable
remedial actions.
The purpose of this document is to give recommendations with respect to the choice of relevant
fractions and individual compounds, and to give guidance on the appropriate use of the results.
Decisions about which analytical methods to adopt are based primarily on the need to provide the right
type and quality of data for use in risk assessments. This requires consideration of how the results of
the analysis are most appropriately used in a risk assessment, e.g. how can the fractions be used in
exposure models and assessments, and how sufficient it is to analyse soil or necessary to obtain related
values in other media as well (pore water and pore gas).
There are five existing International Standards covering the analysis of the range of petroleum
hydrocarbons of interest. ISO 16703, ISO 16558-1 and ISO/TS 16558-2 can be used to measure mineral
oil (C10 to C40) and ISO 22155 or ISO 15009 to measure volatiles. However, methods need to be able
to properly measure the fractions and compounds recommended for determination in this document.
ISO/TC190 has thus developed standards for methods of analysis designed to be compatible with the
recommendations provided in this document: ISO 16558-1, which describes a method for determination
of aliphatic and aromatic fractions of volatile petroleum hydrocarbons, and ISO 16558-2, which
describes a method for the determination of aliphatic and aromatic fractions of semi-volatile petroleum
hydrocarbons.
© ISO 2017 – All rights reserved v
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 11504:2017(E)
Soil quality — Assessment of impact from soil
contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons
This document gives guidelines with regard to the choice of fractions and individual compounds
when carrying out analysis for petroleum hydrocarbons in soils, soil materials and related materials,
including sediments, for the purpose of assessing risks to human health, the environment and other
possible receptors. Since many products based on petroleum hydrocarbons often contain substances
that are not hydrocarbons, the recommendations also encompass such compounds where relevant.
This document also includes relevant background information on which the recommendations are
based together with guidance on the use of the fractions recommended in the assessment of risk.
This document does not set criteria or guidelines for use as assessment criteria, since this is typically a
national or regional regulatory issue. This document also does not include recommendations as to the
specific model for the exposure assessment or the specific parameter values to be used; with respect to
guidance on this matter, reference is made to ISO 15800.
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 11074, Soil quality — Vocabulary
ISO 15800, Soil quality — Characterization of soil with respect to human exposure
ISO 16558-1, Soil quality — Risk-based petroleum hydrocarbons — Part 1: Determination of aliphatic and
aromatic fractions of volatile petroleum hydrocarbons using gas chromatography (static headspace method)
ISO 16558-2, Soil quality — Risk-based petroleum hydrocarbons — Part 2: Determination of aliphatic
and aromatic fractions of semi-volatile petroleum hydrocarbons using gas chromatography with flame
ionization detection (GC/FID)
ISO 18400-105, Soil quality — Sampling — Part 105: Packaging, transport, storage and preservation
of samples
ISO 18512, Soil quality — Guidance on long and short term storage of soil samples
ISO 25177, Soil quality — Field soil description
3	Terms	and	definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 11074, ISO 15800 and
ISO 25177 and the following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— IEC Electropedia: available at http:// www .electropedia .org/
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at http:// www .iso .org/ obp
© ISO 2017 – All rights reserved 1
aliphatic hydrocarbon
acyclic or cyclic, saturated or unsaturated carbon compound, excluding aromatic compounds
aromatic hydrocarbon
hydrocarbon of which the molecular structure incorporates one or more planar sets of six carbon atoms
that are connected by delocalized electrons, numbering the same as if they consisted of alternating
single and double covalent bonds
point at which the vapour pressure of a liquid equals the external pressure acting on the surface of a liquid
Note 1 to entry: It is expressed in degrees Celsius.
carcinogen
substance that causes the development of malignant cells in animals or humans
compliance point
location (e.g. soil or groundwater) where the assessment criteria shall be measured and shall not be
equivalent carbon number
empirically determined parameter related to the boiling point (3.3) of a chemical normalized to the
boiling point of the n-alkanes or its retention time in a boiling point gas chromatographic (GC) column
group of aromatic and/or aliphatic compounds with leaching and volatilization factors that differ by
approximately one order of magnitude
analytical method that is used to separate and determine the components of complex mixtures based
on partitioning between a gas phase and stationary phase
compound of hydrogen and carbon which are the principal constituents of crude oil, refined petroleum
products and products derived from the carbonization of coal (at high or low temperature)
indicator compound
compound chosen to describe properties, primarily toxicity, of a petroleum mixture or fraction (3.7)
Note 1 to entry: This method is often used to assess carcinogenic compounds.
NSO compound
organic compound that contains nitrogen, sulphur and oxygen
Note 1 to entry: NSO compounds occur in organic matter and crude oil. Asphaltenes are examples of NSO
compound. NSO compounds can be separated from crude oil by polar solvents such as methanol.
2 © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved
extent to which a compound of a hydrocarbon (3.9) mixture separates into different media (or phases)
based on its chemical and physical properties and the size and properties of the media in the specific
petroleum hydrocarbon
organic compound comprised of carbon and hydrogen atoms arranged in varying structural
configurations which make up the principal constituents of crude oil and petroleum products
Note 1 to entry: Mineral oil is a colloquial term for petroleum hydrocarbons or petroleum products.
polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon
compound whose molecules contain two or more simple aromatic rings fused together by sharing two
neighbouring carbon atoms
Note 1 to entry: Naphthalene, anthracene, phenanthrene and benzo(a)pyrene.
surrogate compound
(representative) compound with toxicological and/or properties indicative of a hydrocarbon fraction,
which can therefore be used to represent the fraction in an exposure assessment
total petroleum hydrocarbon
method-defined parameter, depending on the analytical method used to measure it
A petroleum hydrocarbon product typically consists of a mixture of a very large number of individual
compounds. When assessing exposure and risk related to a mixture of compounds, such as in a
petroleum hydrocarbon product, evaluation has to be made with respect to the migration, fate and
toxicity of the different compounds in the mixture and the toxicity of the mixture. During transport
in the subsurface, the composition of a mixture may change due to different rates of dissolution,
volatilization, retardation, biodegradation, etc. acting on different component compounds. As a result,
the toxicity of the resulting mixture may vary with both time and distance from the source zone.
Assessing the potential exposure to a mixture consisting of a large number of compounds is not feasible,
neither in relation to the measurement of the concentration of all the compounds, in relation to the
evaluation of the resulting mixture (after migration and degradation) in the relevant media (such as in
the groundwater or in the indoor air), nor with respect to the resulting toxicity. A method, where only
a number of compounds or surrogate compounds are measured and evaluated, is therefore preferable.
On the other hand, it is necessary when choosing the relevant compounds and surrogate compounds
(such as relevant fractions of the total oil product) to ensure that the resulting evaluation of either overall
exposure or toxicity is a reasonable estimate of the exposure and toxicity related to the oil product as a
whole. Furthermore, selection of surrogate compounds should ensure that, if risk-management action is
necessary, the risk-management applied for the surrogate is also likely to mitigate the risks associated
with other (unquantified) substances present in the mixture.
Studies on migration, fate and toxicity of petroleum hydrocarbons show substantial differences
between the properties of individual compounds and fractions of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons.
Similar differences exist between hydrocarbon compounds with different carbon content. The choice of
surrogate compounds for assessing exposure and toxicity of petroleum hydrocarbons should be based
on fractions of the total hydrocarbon mix in a mineral oil product and on individual compounds and
fractions with similar properties.
This document gives recommendations about the choice of relevant individual compounds and
fractions as a basis for the assessment of risks to humans and the environment at relevant compliance
points using established risk assessment models. It should be noted that, for the suggested combination
of fractions and singular compounds, it is necessary that comparable analytical methods exist for the
suggested fractions, etc. not only for soil but also for water, air and petroleum hydrocarbons present
as non-aqueous phase liquids (NAPL) in order to verify exposure assessment calculations and the
assumptions employed in the risk assessment model.
As mentioned in the introduction, the choice of fractions and indicator compounds should, apart from
the above, be based on the performance characteristics of the possible analytical methods, and on the
overall cost of the analysis in relation to the goal of the assessment to be carried out.
5 Relevant fractions and individual compounds
This clause summarizes the recommendations given with respect to relevant petroleum hydrocarbon
fractions and individual compounds to measure and use in risk assessment, unless local or national
regulations set other requirements. The recommendations are based on the arguments given in the
following subclauses.
5.2 Fractions
Where a petroleum hydrocarbon fractionation approach is adopted, it is recommended that the
fractions given in Table 1 should be used when measuring and assessing risk related to petroleum
hydrocarbons. These fractions will ensure that the calculation of the exposure can be carried out
using surrogate physico-chemical properties on the fractions that represent all compounds within the
fraction reasonably well, and that toxicity of the compounds within the fractions will be reasonably
similar, except for the specific compounds of significant toxicological potency that will have to be
assessed also as individual compounds (see 5.3).
Surrogate physico-chemical properties can be set for each of the fractions suggested, either by using
a single property for each fraction or by using a set of relevant indicator compounds representing the
fraction by set percentages and then using their properties. The first method is the one utilised by Total
Petroleum Hydrocarbon Criteria Working Group (TPHCWG) . The other method is used, for instance,
in the Danish exposure assessment tool for contaminated soils, JAGG . Some jurisdictions may have
specific requirements regarding the properties to be used in risk assessments. If not, it is recommended
to use the properties listed in Annex A.
Table 1 — Petroleum hydrocarbon fractions for use in risk assessment related to human health
and the environment, based on Equivalent Carbon (EC) number
Aliphatic fractions Aromatic fractions
>5 to 6 >5 to 7
>8 to 10 >8 to 10
>10 to 12 >10 to 12
>35 to 44
NOTE 1 Dependent on the available knowledge concerning the contaminant situation on the site in question,
not all fractions can be relevant on a specific site.
NOTE 2 In some countries, assessment criteria are set for some of the suggested fractions, but not all. The
use of the auxiliary fractions can still be relevant as a basis for the evaluation of the potential risk at compliance
points in other media, e.g. groundwater or indoor air.
5.3 Individual compounds
Since petroleum hydrocarbon mixtures may contain specific compounds with a toxicity that is
substantially higher than the other compounds in the fraction it is part of, it is recommended to carry
out separate exposure and toxicity assessments of these compounds, unless the initial desk study and
conceptual model of the site in question shows that it is not relevant. Table 2 gives the recommended
list of specific compounds to include.
Table 2 — Individual compounds to be included in assessments
Benzene n-hexane
Benzo[a]pyrene Toluene
Benz[a]anthracene Ethylbenzene
Benzo[b]fluoranthene Xylenes
Benzo[k]fluoranthene Styrene
Benzo[ghi]perylene Naphthalene
Chrysene Methylnaphthalenes
Coronene Anthracene
Dibenz[a,h]anthracene Fluoranthene
Indeno[1,2,3-c,d]pyrene Phenathrene
Pyrene
NOTE The list is not comprehensive.
NOTE Other PAHs are potentially of concern and can be included if found relevant at the specific site. So
Textile machinery - Noise test code - Part 6: Fabric manufacturing machinery (ISO 9902-6:2018)
This document covers the different types of weaving and knitting machines defined in ISO 5247 (all parts)[2] and ISO 7839[3], respectively.
It is applicable to:
full-width weaving machines with weft insertion by:
shuttles;
rigid, telescopic or flexible rapiers;
projectiles;
hydraulic (waterjet) or by pneumatic (airjet) nozzle;
narrow fabric weaving machines with weft insertion by shuttles or needles;
jacquard machines;
knitting machinery including:
circular knitting;
flat bed knitting;
warp knitting;
raschel;
cotton (flat weft weaving);
other fabric manufacturing machines e.g.:
multi-phase weaving machines;
circular weaving machines;
stitch bonding machines.
NOTE Because of the high requirements on measurement conditions, grade 1 methods are normally not feasible for textile machinery.
2006/42/EC
EN 15746-2:2020(Main)
Railway applications - Track - Road-rail machines and associated equipment - Part 2: General safety requirements
SIST EN 15746-2:2021
This document specifies the significant hazards, hazardous situations and events, common to self-propelled road-rail machines - henceforward referred to as machines - and associated equipment, arising due to the adaptation for their use on railway networks and urban rail networks. These machines are intended for construction, maintenance and inspection of the railway infrastructure, shunting and emergency rescue vehicles, when they are used as intended and under conditions of misuse which are reasonably foreseeable by the manufacturer; see Clause 4.
This document deals with the common hazards during assembly and installation, commissioning, travelling on and off track, use including setting, programming, and process changeover, operation, cleaning, fault finding, maintenance and de-commissioning of the machines.
NOTE Specific measures for exceptional circumstances are not dealt with in this document. They can be subject to negotiation between manufacturer and the machine operator.
The common hazards dealt with include the general hazards presented by the machines, also the hazards presented by the following specific machine functions:
a) excavation;
b) ballast tamping, ballast cleaning, ballast regulating, ballast consolidating;
c) track construction, renewal, maintenance and repair;
d) lifting;
e) overhead contact line system renewal / maintenance;
f) maintenance of the components of the infrastructure;
g) inspection and measurement of the components of the infrastructure;
h) working in tunnels;
i) shunting;
j) vegetation control;
k) emergency rescue and recovery;
during commissioning, use, maintenance and servicing.
For a road-rail machine it is assumed that an EU road permissible host vehicle will offer an accepted safety level for its designed basic functions before conversion. Unless explicitly stated otherwise in a particular clause this specific aspect is not dealt with in this document.
This document does not deal with:
1) requirements with regard to the quality of work and the performance of the machine;
2) machines that utilize the contact line system for traction purposes;
3) specific requirements established by a railway Infrastructure Manager or Urban Rail Manager;
4) negotiations between the manufacturer and the machine operator for additional or alternative requirements;
5) requirements for use and travel of the machine on public highway;
6) hazards due to air pressure caused by the passing of high-speed trains at more than 190 km/h;
7) requirements which could be necessary in case of use in extreme conditions, such as extreme ambient temperatures (tropical or polar); see 5.30;
8) highly corrosive or contaminating environment, e.g. due to the presence of chemicals;
9) potentially explosive atmospheres.
Other special machines used on railway tracks are dealt with in other European Standards, see Annex E.
EN 352-8:2020(Main)
Hearing protectors - Safety requirements - Part 8: Entertainment audio earmuffs
SIST EN 352-8:2021
This European Standard is applicable to entertainment audio ear-muffs. It specifies requirements on construction, design, performance, marking and user information relating to the inclusion of the entertainment audio facility.
89/686/EEC
93/68/EEC
96/58/EC
EN 352-10:2020(Main)
Hearing protectors - Safety requirements - Part 10: Entertainment audio earplugs
SIST EN 352-10:2021
This European Standard is applicable to entertainment audio earplugs. It specifies requirements on construction, design, performance, marking and user information relating to the inclusion of the entertainment audio facility.
Cranes - Loader cranes
This document specifies minimum requirements for design, calculation, examinations and tests of hydraulic powered loader cranes and their mountings on vehicles or static foundations.
This document applies to loader cranes designed to be installed on:
- road vehicles, including trailers, with load carrying capability;
- tractors (road or agricultural), where only a towed trailer has capability to carry goods;
- demountable bodies to be carried by any of the above;
- other types of carriers (e.g. separate loaders, crawlers, rail vehicles, non-seagoing vessels);
- static foundations.
This document also applies to loader cranes equipped with special tools or interchangeable equipment (e.g. grapple, clamshell bucket, pallet clamp, etc.), as specified in the operator's manual.
This document does not apply to loader cranes used on board sea going vessels or to articulated boom system cranes which are designed as total integral parts of special equipment such as forwarders.
The hazards covered by this document are identified in Clause 4.
This document does not cover hazards related to the lifting of persons.
NOTE The use of cranes for lifting of persons can be subject to specific national regulations.
This document is not applicable to loader cranes manufactured before the publication of this document. For loader cranes designed before the publication of this document, the provisions concerning stress calculations in the version of EN 12999 that was valid at the time of their design, are still applicable.
EN 15269-1:2019/AC:2020(Corrigendum)
Extended application of test results for fire resistance and/or smoke control for door, shutter and openable window assemblies, including their elements of building hardware - Part 1: General requirements
SIST EN 15269-1:2019/AC:2020
This document sets out the general principles for the extended application of test results obtained on fire resisting and smoke control doorsets, e.g. the types of pedestrian and industrial doors, operable fabric curtains and openable windows listed in the Introduction above when tested in accordance with EN 1634-1 and/or EN 1634-3.
This document provides the general principles which are intended to be used in conjunction with the relevant part of EN 15269 depending upon the specific product type to be evaluated.
EN 1097-8:2020(Main)
Tests for mechanical and physical properties of aggregates - Part 8: Determination of the polished stone value
SIST EN 1097-8:2020
This document describes the reference method used for type testing and in case of dispute for determining the polished stone value (PSV) of a coarse aggregate used in road surfacings. For other purposes, in particular factory production control, other methods are possible provided that an appropriate working relationship with the reference method has been established. Examples of advanced test methods can be found in the Bibliography.
Annex A describes an optional method for the determination of the aggregate abrasion value (AAV).
NOTE 1 The AAV method is suitable to use when particular types of skid resistant aggregates, (typically those with a PSV of 60 or greater) which can be susceptible to abrasion under traffic, are required.
The sample is taken from normal run of production from the plant.
NOTE 2 Chippings that have been freshly crushed in the laboratory or recovered from bituminous materials may give misleading results.
EN ISO 7932:2004/A1:2020(Amendment)
Microbiology of food and animal feeding stuffs - Horizontal method for the enumeration of presumptive Bacillus cereus - Colony-count technique at 30 degrees C - Amendment 1: Inclusion of optional tests (ISO 7932:2004/Amd 1:2020, Corrected version 2020-08)
SIST EN ISO 7932:2005/A1:2020
Powered industrial trucks - Visibility - Test methods and verification - Part 9: Order-picking, lateral- and front-stacking trucks with elevating operator position
This document specifies the requirements and test procedures for 360° visibility of self-propelled industrial order-picking, lateral- and front-stacking trucks with elevating operator position in accordance with ISO 5053-1 (herein after referred to as trucks), without a load and it is intended to be used in conjunction with EN 16842-1.
The visibility of trucks driving in very narrow aisles and/or driving with elevated operator (above 500 mm) is not within the scope of this standard.
Where specific requirements in this part are modified from the general requirements in EN 16842-1, the requirements of this part are truck specific and to be used for self-propelled industrial order-picking, lateral- and front-stacking trucks with elevating operator position.
This part of EN 16842 deals with all significant hazards, hazardous situations or hazardous events relevant to the visibility of the operator for applicable machines when used as intended and under conditions of misuse which are reasonably foreseeable by the manufacturer.
Forestry machinery - Wood chippers - Safety
This document specifies safety requirements and their verification for design and construction of, i.e. self-propelled, mounted, semi-mounted and trailed, wood chippers used in forestry, agriculture, horticulture and landscaping.
This document applies to chippers, used when stationary, which are manually loaded with wood through a horizontal or near horizontal infeed chute and where the infeed action is performed by the chipping components acting as infeed components or by separate integrated infeed components such as rollers or conveyors integral to the infeed chute. Wood chippers may be powered either by an external power take-off, hydraulics etc. or by an integral power source such as an internal combustion engine.
This document does not cover:
- requirements relating to national road regulations arising from transport between work sites;
- hazards arising from any self-propelled function;
- hazards arising from the transmission of power from an external power source - e.g. power take-off drive shafts;
- any machines where the infeed chute is fitted with an extension table or an integrated conveyor that is protruding beyond the outermost lower edge of the infeed chute and the Lower Protective Device of the infeed chute;
- hazards arising from the engine pull starting of an integral power source;
- hazards arising from mechanical loading;
- vertical infeed chute chippers;
- electromagnetic aspects of the chippers;
- shredders/chippers to be covered by EN 13683;
- any machines that are only loaded mechanically;
- additional mechanical discharge systems for woodchips which are not part of the chipping mechanism e.g. conveyors.
For machines that can be both manually and mechanically loaded, this document is only covering the safety of the manual loading.
NOTE 1 Any additional requirements related to use with both mechanical and manual feed that could affect safe use or which are necessary to maintain the integrity of protective devices are outside the scope of this document. Such additional measures are intended to be determined by risk assessment carried out by the manufacturer.
This document deals with all significant hazards, hazardous situations and events relevant to wood chippers, when they are used as intended and under the conditions foreseeable by the manufacturer (see Annex A).
In addition, it specifies the type of information to be provided by the manufacturer on the safe use of these machines.
It is not applicable to environmental hazards (except noise).
NOTE 2 The noise test code described in this standard does not comply with the outdoor noise directive 2000/14/EC.
This document is not applicable to wood chippers which are manufactured before the date of publication of this document by CEN.


text:
Home » Dr. Robert "Bob" McDonald
Dr. Robert "Bob" McDonald
August 9, 1931 — July 9, 2018
Dr. Robert (Bob) Sidney McDonald, 86, of Billings passed away on July 9 at his home after a courageous 10 year battle with Alzheimer's disease. Bob was born in Big Timber, Mont. on August 9, 1931 and was the son of Andy and Mary (Taylor) McDonald.
Bob graduated from Sweet Grass County High School in 1949 and enlisted in the United States Navy that same year. He served for four years as a dental tech on the USS Nereus submarine tender stationed out of Camp Pendleton in San Diego, Calif. Bob was honorably discharged in 1953.
Bob then enrolled at the University of Montana (GO GRIZ!) in Missoula, Mont. that fall to complete his undergraduate degree. In the fall of 1955 Bob asked Joyce Hauge out for a root beer and they were married in March of 1956 in the Big Timber Lutheran Church. They returned to Missoula where they resided until the fall of 1957. Bob and Joyce then moved to Dallas, Texas where Bob started dental school at Baylor University. They lived in Dallas until Bob's graduation in 1961.
Bob and Joyce then moved to Hardin, Montana, where Bob bought an existing dental practice. He and Joyce and their two children, Lynda and Todd, lived there until 1972. The family then moved to Billings and Bob, along with seven fellow dentists, started Plaza West Dental Group where he practiced for the next 24 years. During his career, Bob was both vice-president and president of the Ninth District Dental Society. Bob retired from dentistry in 1996. He always enjoyed running into his patients outside of work.
He then became a member of the Billings Golden K Kiwanis and was active in his roles as chairman of the BUG (Bring Up Grades) Program and coordinator of weekly programs for their meetings. Two of Bob's favorite Kiwanis activities were Peanut Day and the Pancake Breakfast. He looked forward to these each year.
Bob also enjoyed bird hunting, fly fishing ("drowning a fly") on the Boulder River and spending time at the family's cabins outside of Big Timber. He also enjoyed watching thunderstorms while sitting in an aluminum lawn chair in the garage and also listening to the rain fall as it fell on the roof of his Rancho El Ray camper. It was the simple things that meant the most.
Bob is survived by his wife Joyce, daughter and son-in-law Lynda and Russ Lockrem, grandson Garrett, granddaughter Jordan all of Portland, Oregon, and his son Todd and granddaughter Samantha of Billings. He is also survived by his sister Mary Ann (Rick) Gourley of Great Falls, Montana, his brother Dick (Doris) McDonald of Camas, Washington, brothers-in-law Jerry (Jan) Hauge and Ron (Lanna) Hauge all of Big Timber, as well as numerous nieces and nephews.
A celebration of his life will be held at 10 a.m., Saturday, July 21 at the First United Methodist Church in Billings with reception following. Graveside services will follow at 3:30 p.m., at Mountain View Cemetery in Big Timber.
The family would like to extend their heartfelt appreciation to Bob's personal caregiver Danielle Harrison for her dedication and attentiveness to Bob's needs over the past year and a half as he fought Alzheimer's. The family would also like to thank Senior Independence Hospice for their nursing and pastoral care during the last months of Bob's life.
In lieu of flowers, memorials may be made to the Walk 2 End Alzheimer's in care of Team Bob's Buds http://act.alz.org/goto/bobsbudsteampage or Billings Golden K Kiwanis.
We love and will miss you and you will remain in our hearts forever. For we walk by faith, not by sight.
Condolences for the family may made at www.stenbergfuneralhome.com.


text:
El Paraninfo de la Universidad de Alcalá es el aula magna de la universidad con sede en Alcalá de Henares. Fue edificado entre 1516 y 1520 por Pedro de la Cotera, por orden del Cardenal Cisneros. En él se desarrollan numerosos actos solemnes, destacando la entrega anual de los Premios Cervantes.

Historia

El paraninfo o teatro académico fue diseñado y construido por Pedro de la Cotera entre 1516 y 1520, siguiendo las indicaciones del Cardenal Cisneros, que no lo pudo ver finalizado, al fallecer en 1517. Las yeserías las trabajaron a cuchillo Gutiérrez de Cárdenas y Pedro de Villarroel, y la carpintería fue obra de Andrés de Zamora, Bartolomé Aguilar, Pedro Izquierdo y Hernando de Sahagún. En este espacio se celebraron importantes actos académicos de la Universidad de Alcalá entre los siglos XVI y XIX (inauguraciones y clausuras de los cursos, graduaciones, dictámenes jurídicos, lecciones magistrales, y tomas de posesión de "maestros" en artes, cánones, filosofía, medicina, teología, gramática latina o griega) y otras actividades de gran relevancia política y cultural.

El acto más solemne era el examen de doctorado. "El estudiante, junto con dos profesores, uno tutor y otro oponente, accedía teatralmente a la cátedra por unas puertas situadas detrás de cada uno de los nichos. Una vez leída la tesis, se iniciaba la discusión, siempre en latín. Los profesores y catedráticos, sentados alrededor de la sala, tenían un turno de réplica y pregunta. Desde las galerías, los alumnos del Colegio Mayor presenciaban los actos. En el centro de la sala, una mesa y el bedel que hacía las veces de maestro de ceremonias."

En 1776, su función como aula magna, se trasladó temporalmente a la Capilla del Colegio Máximo de la Compañía de Jesús en Alcalá de Henares, tras la expulsión de los Jesuitas de España, hasta 1797 que regresó a su espacio físico original.

En 1850 la Sociedad de Condueños de Alcalá de Henares lo adquirió, junto con el resto de la Manzana Fundacional Cisneriana de la Universidad de Alcalá, para evitar la degradación del edificio tras la desamortización de Mendizabal en 1836. Desde 1977 se retomaron sus tradicionales usos, gracias a la reapertura de la Universidad de Alcalá. En 1990 una reforma permitió recuperar la antigua puerta de acceso al salón y las tonalidades cromáticas originales del artesonado. La última rehabilitación se realizó en el año 2000, dentro del Plan Director para la restauración de la Manzana Fundacional Cisneriana.

Características

Edificio de planta rectangular, con una superficie construida de 450m², consta de dos alturas que se cubren con un artesonado mudéjar, cuya lacería forma estrellas de seis puntas rodeadas de casetones hexagonales con florones en su interior. Su singularidad va más allá de sus características estructurales, siendo sus aspectos decorativos de estilo plateresco lo más significativo, por la yuxtaposición de técnicas islámicas y formas naturalistas con gran profusión de detalles.

El acceso principal se dispone, por el este, a través del patio del antiguo Colegio de San Jerónimo o Trilingüe. Hay otra entrada, en su extremo norte, donde se ubica una pequeña sala que permite el paso, a su vez, tanto desde el patio Trilingüe como desde el patio de los Filósofos del antiguo Colegio Mayor de San Ildefonso. En dicha sala se registran los nombres y las placas en bronce con el retrato de todos los escritores galardonados con el Premio Cervantes de Literatura. Desde esta sala se accede, por medio de una escalera, a la galería del Paraninfo.

En la planta baja, el suelo es una reproducción del primitivo, con azulejos que describen un trazado geométrico, realizado en la técnica de cerámica de pico, tradición propia de la zona del antiguo arzobispado de Toledo y que se deriva de la musulmana de cuerda seca. Originalmente se disponían asientos de fábrica recubiertos de azulejos mudéjares, desde el siglo XX se ubican bancos corridos, formando una tribuna de madera que rodea la sala, junto con la cátedra con decoración plateresca. La planta superior la recorre una galería que se abre a la sala mediante arcos escarzanos.

Los muros de la sala, en su mitad inferior, son lisos, encalados en blanco, y recubiertos con tapices o reposteros, como se hacía antiguamente. Sobre ellos, en letra roja salmantina, aparecen los nombres de 18 personajes ilustres que han pasado por las aulas universitarias complutenses: Antonio de Nebrija, San Juan de la Cruz, Francisco de Quevedo, Félix Lope de Vega, Francisco Vallés, Juan de Mariana, Ambrosio de Morales, Francisco López de Gómara, Juan Ginés de Sepúlveda, Gaspar Melchor de Jovellanos, Antonio Pérez, Domingo de Soto, Santo Tomás de Villanueva, San Ignacio de Loyola, Juan de Vergara, Bartolomé de Carranza, San Juan de Ávila y Benito Arias Montano. En su mitad superior, las paredes se cubren de yesos trabajados a cuchillo. Las yeserías describen una galería de arcos rebajados con balaustradas fingidas y enmarcados por pilastras de orden corintio, todo ello con profusa decoración renacentista plateresca de grutesco y candelieri.

En el lateral oeste de la sala se dispone la tribuna de los oradores o cátedra, muy restaurada. Se compone de tres nichos, el central coronado con el escudo del fundador, el Cardenal Cisneros. Toda ella se decora con los ya característicos candelieri policromados con los colores del techo (rojo y azul) combinados con el dorado.

El paraninfo está cubierto de una armadura de madera. "Corresponde a la tipología ataujerada, es decir, dos vigas maestras, que quedan ocultas a la vista del espectador, sujetan toda la estructura. El techo se pliega en los extremos, recordando la característica forma de artesa, para descansar sobre la línea del arrocabe, decorado con escudos del fundador y arpías. Este artesonado consta de un trazado geométrico, formado por una malla de triángulos equiláteros que, en peculiar lazo de seis van describiendo hexágonos regulares y estrellas de seis puntas, que constantemente encajan entre sí. La línea de lazo es de color rojo. Las estrellas son planas con el fondo azul y florón dorado del que sobresale una piña. Los hexágonos son casetones rehundidos con dibujos renacentistas en las paredes y fondo rojo sobre el que, de nuevo, resalta un florón sobredorado."

Actividades

El Paraninfo es el principal salón de actos de la Universidad de Alcalá. En él se celebran importantes acontecimientos institucionales: apertura del curso académico, toma de posesión del rector de la Universidad y de los doctores honoris causa, salón de grados, entrega de diplomas y premios, así como conferencias y lecciones magistrales. Por su singularidad y relevancia internacional destaca la entrega, por parte de los Reyes de España, del Premio Cervantes de Literatura, el más importante de la lengua española. Dicha ceremonia se celebra anualmente el día 23 de abril, conmemorando el aniversario del fallecimiento de Miguel de Cervantes y el Día Internacional del Libro.

Reconocimiento
El Paraninfo, como parte de la "Universidad y Recinto Histórico de Alcalá de Henares", fue declarado Patrimonio de la Humanidad por la UNESCO el 2 de diciembre de 1998, incluyéndolo en la lista del Patrimonio Mundial.

El Paraninfo, como parte de la "Manzana Fundacional Cisneriana de la Universidad de Alcalá", fue declarado Bien de Interés Cultural por el Consejo de Gobierno de la Comunidad de Madrid, el 12 de marzo de 2019, en la categoría de monumento, por ser un conjunto de edificios con un gran valor histórico, arquitectónico y artístico.

Véase también
 Archivo de la Universidad de Alcalá
 Biblioteca de la Universidad de Alcalá
 Capilla de San Ildefonso
 Centro de Recursos para el Aprendizaje y la Investigación de Alcalá de Henares
 Historia de Alcalá de Henares
 Museo Cisneriano
 Patrimonio histórico de Alcalá de Henares
 Anexo:Colegios históricos de la Universidad de Alcalá
 Anexo:Edificios de Alcalá de Henares

Referencias

Bibliografía
 Javier Rivera Blanco (director). Restauración contemporánea. Ciudades universitarias, ciudades Patrimonio de la Humanidad. La manzana fundacional cisneriana de la Universidad de Alcalá. Universidad de Alcalá; 2013. ISBN 978-84-15834-04-5

Enlaces externos
 Universidad de Alcalá

Edificios de la Universidad de Alcalá (histórica)
Edificios de la Universidad de Alcalá
Paraninfos universitarios
Bienes de interés cultural de Alcalá de Henares
Bienes de interés patrimonial de Alcalá de Henares
Arquitectura plateresca en España

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Forage Crops at a Glance
A V Dahipale (Author) S. Kumar (Author) Pankaj K. Ojha (Author)
Contents: 1. Jowar (Sorghum) 2. Bajra (Pearl millet) 3. Maize 4. Oats (Graminacious Grasses ). 5. Napier Grass (Elephant Grass). 6. Napier * Bajra Hybrid (NB Hybrid). 7. Dinanath Grass. 8. Anjan Grass (Buffel Grass). 9. Guinea Grass. 10. Setaria. 11. Marval Grass. 12. Para Grass ( Leguminous Forages ). 13. Berseem (Egyptian clover). 14. Lucerne ( Alfalfa). 15. Cowpea. 16. Guar (Cluster Bean). 17. Sem (Lablab Bean). 18. Rice Bean (Red Bean). 19. Stylosanthes. 20. Hedge Lucerne. 21. Subabul.
Dr. S. Kumar (born on July 25th, 1954) is working as a Senior Scientist in Botanical Survey of India Dehradun. He has been actively engaged in research in plant taxonomy, floristics and biodiversity conservation. He has contributed ca 100 research papers and popular scientific articles in reputed national and international journals and magazines in English and Hindi. He has botanically explored many regions in Jammy & Kashmir, Sikkim and Haryana and has contributed significantly in Flora of Jammu & Kashmir, Flora of Sikkim and Flora of Haryana. He is co-author of the book on "Flora Indicae Enumeratio: Asteraceae" and contributed in Books on Flora of India Vol. 1 (Berberidaceae) Vol. 13 (Asteraceae) and Vol 22 (Fagaceae) and Flora of Sikkim Vol. 1 He has recently published the books on FFlora of Haryana (Materials), Plant Diversity Along River Ganga and Zingiberaceae of Sikkim. His forthcoming publications include Grasses of Sikkim. Dr. Kumar is a Fellow and Life member of several reputed scientific societies and has chaired sessions in various conferences and symposia.
Asteraceae of Sikkim
Flora of Haryana (Materials)
Culture and Society in India
Culture, Religion and Traditions in India (In 3 Vols.)
Title	Forage Crops at a Glance
Author	A V Dahipale
Pankaj K. Ojha
Publisher	Biotech Books


SUNTUF Beehive polycarbonate sheets are thicker and stronger. Featuring an embossed underside (prismatic) they create a gentler diffused light with a stunning visual appearance.
Clearfix screws have an inbuilt cutter to save you from pre-drilling. They also include a polycarbonate specific dome washer to ensure a watertight fixing.
65 mm – is best suited to the corrugate beehive due to the extra thickness of the product.
If you have heavier metal structures, talk to us about alternatives to this option.
Suntuf Beehive is thicker and therefore more resistance to hail damage.
Thicker sheeting allows for large spans – meaning less framework.
The 'beehive' effect will diffuse light reducing glare and making it more pleasant underneath.
Add a modern, sophisticated look to the practical and easy to use profiled sheeting.
As with all polycarbonate sheeting you will need to allow for expansion and contraction in the sheet, please click the link for the full installation guidelines.


text:
Home News Community Macon Appliance Mart donates commercial washer and dryer to AARC
Macon Appliance Mart donates commercial washer and dryer to AARC
At any given time, Appalachian Animal Rescue Center has three sets of washer and dryers running to clean the blankets, towels, and bedding needed to keep the shelter running. Because AARC is a non-profit organization, they operate on donations and constant community fundraisers. Every time a washer and dryer has broken down at the center, the shelter has been fortunate to have another one donated, but because of the heavy use the shelter puts on the washer and dryer they would often wear out the appliances, which were always intended for residential use.
"We would go through washers and dryers pretty frequently because we just depend on them so much," said AARC board member Sharon Archer. "We knew we needed a commercial set, but weren't really sure how we would afford it."
Over the years, Lt Gilbreath, owner of Macon Appliance Mart, would either donate used washers and dryers to the center or would sell the appliances at cost to help support the center and their efforts. Knowing how often they went through the appliances, Gilbreath decided to donate a commercial set to help.
"We have always admired what the folks at Appalachian Animal Rescue do for our community and have helped in every way we can over the years," said Gilbreath. "When we heard they were having trouble with their washer and dryer again we knew we had to find a way to get them the commercial appliances they need because residential washers and dryers just weren't doing the trick."
Macon Appliance Mart delivered and installed a set of Speed Queen appliances to the shelter last week.
"We are so appreciative of Macon Appliance Mart and their donation," said Archer. "Having the commercial appliances, which are specially wired for residential outlets, is something we never thought would happen. Most of the time commercial appliances have to have special outlets, and we would never be able to afford making that happen, but the Speed Queens are wired for residential outlets and are going to be perfect for us."
Appalachian Animal Rescue Center held a Chillin' and Grillin' fundraiser on Saturday to raise funds for the shelter and with the support of the community, were able to raise nearly $500.
Macon Appliance Mart will be celebrating 80 years of business in Macon County this Saturday beginning at 10 a.m. at 186 Depot Street in Franklin. To thank the community for eight decades of support, Macon Appliance Mart will be having music, free food and drink, games, and even a jump castle for the kids.
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George Bell September 5, 2016 at 1:23 am
My 15 year old nephew was killed in a tragic accident on August 9th and I made a memorial page in his honor i would be so grateful if you could check it out and give a like and a share….. Please and thank you!
https://www.facebook.com/walkingforthedead2016/


Water on this earth brings in life and fun. People have recently developed the liking for water which contributes to the sudden development of water sports and adventures in many parts of the world. Children are no exceptions in these cases. In spite of the restrictions imposed by their parents, they make it a point to play with water and water toys, by which they may tend to develop fever and sickness. Water toys foster better learning and developmental experiences in children. Medical uses of toys include promotion of psychological and sensory developments in children. The adults quench their likings for water by indulging in various water sports and adventures. The following are some of the water toys which the parents think are safe for their children.
These are tiny colored beads which come in pack of 20,000's. Initially they are very tiny. Once the beads are immersed in water for 3 hours, it enlarges by itself. When the size grows, the texture of the beads also changes. The water transforms the hard beads into soft ones. It is made up of a non-toxic polymer, which is extremely safe for children. These beads do not break, shrink or burst. When the beads are removed from the water it comes back to its original size. The parents can use these balls to improve the child's learning abilities. It can be used as a way of learning by making the child count the number of balls or recognize its color. However swallowing of these beads may turn dangerous and hence be precautious while handling these stuffs.
Everyone loves to play in water parks especially children. Now we can create our own water park with the Spiraling Seas Water Park Play table that consists of a Ferris wheel. It has a water funnel which sends in water through two paddlewheels. In the centre there is a round tube where the kids can play by dropping balls and pouring water simply. This holds 7 gallons of water. It strengthens the 's muscles as they have to stand up in order to play with the water. One of the disadvantages is that the elders may find it hard to clean these setups since it is has a very big area at the bottom of the table.
We have seen parents shouting at kids for coloring and scribbling on the walls. But "On the go water wow" makes life for parents easy, and children fun. It is a waterproof activity slate designed for children which enables them to color their bath tubs and water pools. You will be receiving three activity pads which consist mostly of numbers, animals and letters. The boards are strong and thick. The child need not sharpen the pencil or refill the ink as they do in the case of normal pens and pencils. The child should fill in the pen with water and by doing so they can bring down their imagination and creativity on their pages of life.


this black early to mid 50s coat is the best coat i ever had. it's still in a good condition but i noticed that an old piece doesn't like to get worn every single day. i need to safe it a little bit. so i'm looking for another coat i can wear over wide skirts with crinolines ... i can't find one in a local vintage store or can't afford one of these wonderful princess coats from american etsy sellers ... but today i found a beautiful coat - not vintage - in a turkish fashion store (between veils and oriental promise party dresses). it's on sale!!!! it's waiting for me in the store ... i will pick it up tomorrow.
this is my 'going out to see a punk rock show' outfit ... shirt: flea market, h&m // singlet: karstadt // 70s or 80s cowgirl skirt: thrifted (love it's pleats and fringes) // vintage belt: thrifted // vintage cowboy boots: flea market (10 years ago) // vintage fringe bag: hell's kitchen flea market, ny // hat: flea market ... i try not to wear delicate vintage pieces when i go out to see a show ... .
isn't this skirt fun? every little picture of it's print tells a little story ... ... the dresses the girls wear, the little cars and houses, even the bearing of the tiny people taking a stroll on the car port .... the details are so amazing and i really love the summery flair. there are hundreds of ideas in my mind how to mix the skirt with things out of my wardrobe. i can't wait for summer! - but for now i just dressed it fun and simple for a cold winter day.
do you like novelty prints? what is your favourite novelty print piece?
today i feel like showing you some of my new finds ... the dress i won myself as a late chsitmas present from ebay. it's a lovely 50s dress, made from a light wool-synthethic-mix fabric (yeah, washable). i love the pale pink ... for sure it will look great, if i pair it with my new brown vintage bag i found on a indoor flea market, i found in late december. the jewelery i got from the same flea market except the celluloid (?) tassle brooch ... i found this one at a big thrift store. maybe you noticed me wearing it already to the lena hoschek fashion show.
i also got me 3 new skirts from the 50s ... for sure you will see them soon.
...oh, and we finally put some more bling on the wall's. the wall over our bed has got the name: holiday wall. a painting of a romantic caribbean beach, palm tree lamp and 3 pictures of dinner menus from the mid 60s (i think they are from a cruise restaurant - we bought those on a little vintage market in washington state last summer).
this is the second movie program from the 1930s - out of my new little collection which i found on past decembers flea market ... it's the program of the movie 'desire'. doesn't 35 year old marlene dietrich look fantastic in every single picture?
yeah, the man won me some more programs from the 50s on ebay. can't wait to get them and share some with you.
i'm sick at home with a bad sinus thing going on ... so i missed the lena hoschek after show party on wednesday and the show of texas terri bomb! at wild at heart yesterday. autsch!
yeah, little wardrobe experience had the lucky chance to go to see the fashion show of the fabulous lena hoschek at berlin fashion week yesterday. it was such an amazing and fun experience ... the fashion crowd, the vintage/50s crowd ... photographers, german celebreties ... and of course the show! i really loved what i saw. lena hoschek's collection a/w 2014 still sticks to her 40s and 50s inspired roots. wide flared dresses and pencil skirts are still the leading silhouette. the collection shows a lot of material mix ... glamourous sequins, lace, zippers, see through fabrics, flattering wool fabrics, lingerie inspired tops, big floral prints ... but i was a surprised, i expected to see more edgy-ness in the show.
sadly my own pictures turned out quite shaky ... here are some of my favourites taken from the official mercedes benz fashion week berlin site, if you want to see more click the link.


MIKE Thalassitis' former flame Olivia Attwood has honoured him on the day of his funeral.
Olivia Attwood has paid tribute to Mike Thalassitis as friends and family of the Love Island star gathered for his funeral in London.
Olivia, who didn't attend the funeral, took to Instagram to say she was thinking of her co-star as he's laid to rest after his tragic death at the age of 26 last month.
Across a black image, the 27 year old simply wrote: "Thinking of you today," alongside a broken heart emoji.
In a post to her Instagram stories, Montana wrote: "Wished today would never come."
The Order Of Service has been revealed, featuring a montage of pictures of the reality star growing up.
The star's picture is printed on the front of the booklet, as he looks handsome in a shirt and tie, which he holds in his hands.
It reads: "In loving memory of Michael Thalassitis. 19th January 1993 – 16th March 2019."
Inside, it revealed the arrival song was Phil Collins' You'll Be In My Heart, while Coldplay's Fix You was also played.
At the back of the booklet, Mike's family extended their thanks along with the Just Giving page for donations. It read: "Donations, if desired, in memory of Mike Thalassitis, to the Campaign Against living Miserable (CALM)."


Applying to college can be a confusing and intimidating process for anyone. If you're a student with a disability or history of mental health challenges, you might find the process even more so.
As a student who has a mental health issue or disability, your high school experience may have been inherently more difficult in some ways, and it has most likely been different from that of your peers. You might be unsure of how to speak about your unique challenges or struggles without sounding negative. At the same time, you may feel that your application is incomplete without addressing them. Your disability or mental health may be an integral part of your identity.
If you're getting ready to apply to college and you're wondering if or how to present a mental health issue or disability on your college application, this is the post for you. Here, we will discuss the factors to consider when choosing to disclose your challenges on your college application, and we will outline the various ways in which you can present these in the framework of a college application.
Should I discuss my mental health or disability on my college application?
Your mental health history or disability may be an integral part of who you are, but that does not necessarily make it relevant to a college application. For starters, it is important to know that it is actually illegal for a college to specifically ask for these types of details about your life, since doing so can be considered discrimination. Based on this reason alone, you are never required to disclose mental or physical health concerns on your application. Doing so is strictly a matter of personal choice and you should not feel that you are lying by omission if you choose to leave this information out.
Before you choose whether or not you'll disclose your history of mental health or disability, you should think about the overall function of a college application.
Everything on a college application should contribute to an overall positive image of who you are as a student and as a member of a greater community. While you don't need to hide integral parts of who you are, you also don't want to share challenges that will not in any way support your application positively. This is true not only for mental health and disabilities but also for academics, extracurriculars, and other experiences. You always want to put your best foot forward and keep the focus on your strengths and most positive attributes.
That being said, mental health issues and disabilities are not inherently negative, and there is nothing to be ashamed of when discussing them. You should not feel like you need to hide these parts of your identity, but rather that you need to spin them in a positive way much the same as you would any other aspect of your application. Simply put, you want to ensure that you are presenting your true self in the best light.
There are a few questions to consider when deciding whether you'll include this information on your application at all. Ask yourself if your application will be confusing or incomplete if you don't address these issues. For example, if you had to take a semester off to recover, you will obviously need to explain the gap in your transcript. Similarly, if you battled depression and failed one semester despite achieving a 4.0 GPA your senior year, you'll need to explain the discrepancy. Never leave an admissions committee wondering what happened, since they will likely assume the worst if you don't mention it at all.
If, after some introspection, you do find that these issues are ones that need to be addressed on your application, there are several places to do so. The specifics about why you choose to include these details in the first place will often dictate where the most appropriate place to discuss these issues is.
When and how should I discuss my mental health or disability in my college essay?
The essay is one obvious place to include details about your mental health or disability, but you should only do so if you feel that your struggles with these issues truly define you as a person and can be included as part of a bigger picture that shows your strengths in a positive light.
Remember, the function of a college essay is not to be an autobiography. You should not be writing your life story simply to inform others of your experiences. Instead, the function of a college essay is to be part of an overall marketing package. And what are you marketing? Yourself!
Whatever you choose as an essay topic should shed light on the attributes that make you a beneficial and unique member of any community. If your struggles with mental health or disabilities are defining features of this nature, then your essay is a great place to frame them positively. If you choose to do so, focus extensively on your recovery or management of these issues, and stress your ability to overcome the challenges you have faced.
Never leave an admissions committee to wonder if you will be a liability in their community. While it is of course illegal to discriminate against applicants based on their mental health or disability, it would be nearly impossible to prove that your disclosure of these issues was a direct factor in your not being accepted. Make it a nonissue by always keeping the focus on how these issues have shaped you into a better, stronger person and emphasizing that you have fully recovered or managed your condition.
When and how should I discuss my mental health or disability in the additional information section of my college application?
If you realize that your disability or mental health is not a truly defining feature of you as a person, you will probably not include it in your essay. But if there are red flags or question marks on your application that cannot be fully understood without this information, the Additional Information section of your application is the place to discuss it.
In instances where this issue has impacted your grades, involvement in class, attendance, or ability to participate in school activities, you should provide a brief explanatory background, usually no longer than a paragraph or two.
If you are sharing information about your mental health or disability in this section, you should do so only in a factual manner. You should not offer overly detailed or emotional descriptions, but instead keep it short and to the point. Since you have already decided that this information is not worthy of including in your essay, you should feel no obligation to provide extensive details or specifics.
For example, you might describe that you took a semester off to address a health concern that is now under control. Always emphasize your recovery or management of this condition and your readiness for college, so that the admissions committee is never left to wonder what your current status is.
When and how should I discuss my mental health or disability in a college admissions interview?
The decision process to discuss these details in an admissions interview should be similar to the decision process to include them in your essay or the Additional Information section of your application.
If you feel that these experiences are the most defining feature of your personality and can spin them in a positive way that presents your best self, you should definitely do so during an admissions interview. On the other hand, if you feel that these issues are irrelevant to how beneficial you will be to the college community, you are under no obligation to divulge them. The only remaining reason to do so would be if part of your transcript is incomplete or confusing without this additional insight.
If you do end up discussing these challenges in your college admissions interview, frame them as you would in your essay or your Additional Information section. Make sure to discuss them in a brief, factual manner, and always emphasize your recovery or management of the issue, and your college readiness above all else.
Keep in mind that in addition to making your own decision about whether your personal challenges will be included on your application, you should also discuss your decision with your college counselor or any teachers who are writing recommendations for you. You need to be sure that the details you plan to include on your application are consistent with any details that your teachers might include in your recommendations.
Also keep in mind that you can always request that your teachers do not disclose any details at all about your mental health or disability. If you find no reason to mention it on your application, it's unlikely that they would have any reason to mention it in a recommendation, either, but you should always communicate with them ahead of time to ensure that you're on the same page.
If you're a high school student who has struggled with mental health or disabilities, you may feel uncertain about how or even if you should disclose this information on your college application. You should know that you are not required to do so in any way, and that the final decision is always yours to make.
For more insight about how to present your best self on college applications, consider the CollegeVine Applications Guidance service. Here, you'll be paired with a personal admissions specialist who can provide step-by-step guidance through the entire application process, including how to best highlight your unique skills, interests, and personal attributes.