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Alternate Terms
GAC, Carbon, Activated Coal, Charcoal, Activacted Charcoal
A widely used water treatment medium commonly used for dechlorination, organics removal and other specialty processes. Base products include but not limited to bituminous coal, coconut and lignite.
Dealkalizer, Alkaline Water, M-Alkalinity, P-Alkalinity
The quantitative capacity of water to neutralize an acid; that is, the measure of how much acid can be added to a liquid without causing a significant change in pH. Alkalinity is not the same as pH because water does not have to be strongly basic (high pH) to have high alkalinity. In the water industry, alkalinity is expressed in mg/L of equivalent calcium carbonate.
Anion Resin
SBA, Strong Base Anion, WBA, Weak Base Anion, Tannin Resin, Type 1 Anion, Type II Anion, Organic Scavenger Resin
An ion with a negative charge. Anion Exchange is an ion exchange process in which anions in solution are exchanged for other anions from an ion exchanger.
Resin Bed, Filter Bed, Softener Bed, Softner Bed
The mass or volume of ion exchange resin or other media through which the water passes in the process of water treatment.
Salt Solution, Saturated Brine
A strong solutions of salt(s), usually sodium chloride and other salts too. Potassium or sodium chloride brine is used in the regeneration state of cation and or anion exchange water treatment equipment. Sodium chloride brine saturation in an ion exchange softening brine tank is about 26 percent NaCI by weight at 60° F.
Brine Tank
Trash Can, Salt Bale, Brine Keeper, Salt Tank, Brine Maker, Brine Holding Tank, Brine Measuring Tank
A brine tank holds the brine solution used in conjunction with water treatment equipment. The brine is used to regenerate the resin.
Calcium Scale
Calcium is one of the principal elements making up the earth's crust. Calcium compounds, when dissolved, make water hard. The presence of calcium in water is a factor contributing to the formation of scale and insoluble soap curds, which are a means of clearly identifying hard water.
Catalytic
A substance that changes the speed or yield of a chemical reaction without being consumed or chemically changed by the chemical reaction.
Catalyst Media
Those filter media which can cause certain reactions to occur in water treatment, such as activated carbon, calcite, manganese greensand, manganese oxides, and dissimilar metal alloys.
Cation Resin
SAC, Strong Acid Cation, Softener Resin, WAC, Wek Acid Cation, Zeolite, Softener Beads, Softner Beads, Softner Resin
An ion with a positive charge. Cation Exchange is an ion exchange process in which cations in solution are exchanged for other cations from an ion exchanger.
De-alkalize
De-alkalization
The removal of alkalinity ions from a solution. A dealkalizer contains strong base anion exchange resin that exchanges chloride (the Cl ion of the NaCl) for carbonate, bicarbonate and sulfate. As water passes through the anion resin the carbonate, bicarbonate and sulfate ions are exchanged for chloride ions.
Decationize
Decationized Water
The exchange of cation for hydrogen ions by a strong acid cation exchanger operated in the hydrogen form.
Degasifier
Degasify, Degassing, Decarbonator, Forced Draft Degasifier, VOC Tower, Air Stripper
The removal of dissolved gasses such as carbon dioxide, methane, hydrogen sulfide, and oxygen by: 1) subjecting the water to a pressure below atmospheric pressure (vacuum degassing) or 2) passing large amounts of air thoroughly through the water at atmospheric pressure (air stripping).
Deionizer
Demineralizer, Demin, DI
The removal of all ionized minerals and salts (both organic and inorganic) from a solution by a two-phase ion exchange procedure. First, positively charged ions are removed by a cation exchange resin in exchange for a chemically equivalent amount of hydrogen ions. Second, negatively charged ions are removed by an anion exchange resin for a chemically equivalent amount of hydroxide ions. The hydrogen and hydroxide introduced in this process unite to from water molecules. This process is also called demineralization by ion exchange.
Desilicizer
An ion exchange process designed for reduction of silica from a water supply. Typically a strong base anion exchanger operated in the OH- form is used.
DI Exchange Tanks
Tanks that are leased or rented to a facility lacking the means to regenerate the medium, usually ion exchange resin.
Effective Size
Mesh Size, Average Size
A measure of the diameter of particles in a media bed or resin bed. Effective size is that mesh size which will permit 10 percent of the bed's particles to pass and will retain that remaining 90 percent; in other words, that size for which 10 percent of the media grains or particles are smaller and 90 percent are larger.
Boiler Feed water, Makeup Water, Boiler Make up water
The water to be treated that is fed in to a given water treatment system.
GPM, Gallons Per Minute, M3/Hr, Feet per Second
The quantity of water or regenerant which passes a given point in a specified unit of time often expressed in US gpm (orL/min). In filter, flow rate is usually measured in gpm/sq. ft of bed area. In ion exchangers, it is expressed in gpm/cu.ft of resin. Flow rate is a critical design parameter by which the effectiveness of the water treatment unit is measured.
Water found beneath the surface of the ground. Groundwater is primarily water which has seeped down from the surface by migrating through the interstitial spaces in soils and geologic formation.
A common quality of water which contains dissolved compounds of calcium and magnesium and, sometimes, other divalent and trivalent metallic elements. The term hardness was originally applied to waters that were hard to wash in, referring to the soap wasting properties of hard water. Hardness prevents soap from lathering by causing the development of an insoluble curdy precipitate in the water; hardness typically causes the buildup of hardness scale (such as seen in cooking pans and in boilers). Dissolved calcium and magnesium salts are primarily responsible for most scaling. Hardness is usually expressed in grains per gallon (or ppm) as calcium carbonate equivalent.
Hydrogen Sulfide
Sulfur, Rotten Egg Smell, Sulphur
A corrosive and flammable gas often found dissolved in well water and often accompanied by iron and low pH values. The odor of water with as little as 0.5 milligrams per liter (mg/L) of hydrogen sulfide concentration is detectable by most people. Concentrations less than one mg/L gives the water a "musty" or "swampy" odor. Over one mg/L hydrogen sulfide concentration gives the water a "rotten egg" odor and makes the water corrosive to plumbing.
Makeup Water
Boiler Makeup Water
Treated water added to the water loop of a boiler circuit or cooling tower to make up for the water lost by steam leaks or evaporation.
Mixed Bed
Mixed Bed Resin, Mix Bed
The intermix of two or more filter or ion exchange products in the same vessel during a service run.
Re-bed
Complete removal and replacement of the media or resin from a tank is considered a re-bed. Adding to a resin bed that may have lost resin is considered "topping off."
The use of a chemical solution (regenerant) to displace the contaminant ions deposited on the ion exchange resin during the service runs and replace them with the kind of ions necessary to restore the capacity of the exchange medium for reuse.
As used in the water processing industry, this term refers to ion exchange resin products which are usually specifically-manufactured organic polymer beads used in softening and other ion exchange processes to remove dissolved salts from water.
That part of a water treatment system that contains the filter medium or ion exchange resin.
Tannin
Any group of water soluble, natural organic phenolic compounds that are produced by metabolism in trees and plants, and are part of the degradation-resistant fulvic acid materials formed during the decomposition of vegetation. Tannins occur in water in almost any location where large quantities of vegetation have decayed. Tannins can impart a faintly yellowish to brown color to water. Tannin molecules tend to form anions in water above pH 6 and can then be treated with anion exchange resins. Below pH 5, tannins are better treated with activated carbon.
Radiation (light) having a wavelength shorter than 3900 angstroms (Å), the wavelengths of visible light, and longer than 100 angstroms, the wavelenths of x-rays. This wavelength puts ultraviolet light at the invisible violet end of the light spectrum. Ultraviolet light is used as a disinfectant.
Water Softenening
The reduction/removal of calcium and magnesium ions, which are the principal cause of hardness in water. The cation exchange resin method is most commonly water treatment. In municipal and industrial water treatment, the process can be lime softening or lime-soda softening.
Water Problems?
Contact Your Culligan Expert for a Custom Solution
Water Treatment FAQ
Timer Settings & Manuals
How Does Water Quality Affect Farms?
Do Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Impact Drinking Water?
Learn more about how you can have better water.
Water is an essential nutrient for crops, animals, plants and wildlife. Because it plays such an instrumental role on fa...
VOCs are a mixture of elements which turn into gases. They come from burning gasoline, coal, wood or natural gas. And co...
Household Water Filters vs. Reverse Osmosis
The biggest difference between Reverse Osmosis (RO) and common household water filters is the number of contaminants it ...
New Year's Water Resolutions
When it comes to making resolutions, people often give up after weeks of trying. But there are a few new year's resoluti...
What is Chromium-6?
Chromium-6 is a tasteless, odorless metallic element. And it is often referred to as hexavalent chromium. The post What ...
Cooking With Filtered Water 101
Is cooking with soft water better than cooking with hard water? What about cooking with reverse osmosis water? The short...
Home Water Testing – Why is it Important for Your Family?
Maintaining your family's health and well-being starts with home water testing. Because water is a huge part of our dail...
Everyday Uses of Reverse Osmosis Water
Reverse osmosis water benefits agriculture, construction, coffee shops, breweries, car washes, aquariums and so much mor...
Thank you so much for taking the initiative to repair our water softener over the holidays. We had been on vacation during the time of repair and it was comforting to know it had been taken care of and ready to go upon our return.
Dawn S. Culligan customer
Please send our thanks to all involved with testing, fixing, replacing and servicing our softener. Appreciate the time and service you send our way. The replacement tank has fixed the problem we were having.
Bonnie and Joe S. Culligan customer
Culligan Des Moines
Culligan of Des Moines has been a part of the Greater Des Moines community for over 65 years. We're proud to serve Altoona, Ankeny, Carlisle, Clive, Colfax, Des Moines, Elkhart, Grimes, Indianola, Johnston, Polk City, Urbandale, West Des Moines, Windsor Heights and the surrounding Polk, Jasper, Madison, and Warren county areas.
Culligan of West Des Moines serving Polk, Madison, Warren and Jasper counties
https://www.culligandesmoines.com/html_responsive/img/logo.png
$-$$$$$
West Des Moines IA50265USA
Proudly serving: Des Moines IA | Ankeny IA | West Des Moines IA | Urbandale IA | Johnston IA | Indianola IA | Altoona IA | Clive IA | Norwalk IA | Pleasant Hill IA
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text:
Researchers identify 19 more dark-matter-deficient dwarf galaxies, question formation theory
They analysed a total of 324 dwarf galaxies and 19 dwarf galaxies were found to have less dark matter than what the theory suggests
By Samhati Bhattacharjya
November 27, 2019 09:36 +08
New mysterious radio signals detected coming from a star 11 million light years away
Researchers, affiliated with several institutions in China, have found evidence of more dark-matter-deficient dwarf galaxies. The team of researchers stated their findings of how some of the dwarf galaxies, which they expected to be dominated by dark matter, were not up to the mark, in a paper published in the journal Nature Astronomy.
According to the researchers, the standard cosmological theory states that dark matter drives formation of galaxies and the gravity wells in which they form. The paper suggests that the dwarf galaxies in the local group, the ones those in our part of the universe, are dominated by dark matter.
Dark matter of dwarf galaxy CC0 Public Domain
In 2017, two dwarf galaxies were found to have less dark matter than it was expected.Following that, another team observed two more dwarf galaxies and now, the researchers have identified 19 more dwarf galaxies with amounts of dark matter that do not follow the theory.
The researchers said that they analysed the data from the Arecibo radio telescope to calculate the galactic weights. However, this can also be done by measuring how fast hydrogen moves around the galaxies and the higher the speed, the more mass a galaxy will have.
Phys.org quoted the researchers as saying that the total mass of all the stars (using starlight data) and the hydrogen should come up with a total of non-dark matter mass for the galaxy. The difference between this number and the total mass was attributable to dark matter.
Findings can challenge formation theory
The report said that in 'normal' cases, only 2 percent of dwarf galaxy's mass is made up of non-dark matter. But in case of their study, the team found "what they describe as oddballs—one galaxy, for example, weighed in at approximately 14 billion suns, and its total non-dark matter mass made up approximately 27 percent of its total mass".
The group of researchers analysed a total of 324 dwarf galaxies and 19 dwarf galaxies were found to have less dark matter than what the theory suggested.
The scientists suggested that the "missing" dark matter of those dwarf galaxies may be attributed to its nearby ones that must have pulled it off. But, surprisingly they found a few exceptions which had no neighbours that were close enough to be considered as suspects.
The team believes that these findings can challenge the formation theory as it is applicable for dwarf galaxies.
There is no dark side of moon: Former NASA scientist busts age-old myth through his animation
Ice fossils found in meteorite: Will this solve the mystery of the origin of water on Earth?
Here's the first ever known galaxy to have three supermassive black holes
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Elon Musk teases when first human spaceflight of SpaceX's Crew Dragon will take place
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South Korea confirms its first case of coronavirus in Chinese visitor
A 35-year-old female resident of Wuhan, China, who flew into the Incheon...

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Q: Speed up a delta filter in python/numpy I am writing a decompressor which (among other things) has to apply a delta filter to RGB images. That is, read images where only the first pixel is absolute (R1, G1, B1) and all the others are in the form (R[n]-R[n-1], G[n]-G[n-1], B[n]-B[n-1]), and convert them to standard RGB.
Right now I am using numpy as follows:
rgb = numpy.fromstring(data, 'uint8')
components = rgb.reshape(3, -1, order='F')
filtered = numpy.cumsum(components, dtype='uint8', axis=1)
frame = numpy.reshape(filtered, -1, order='F')

Where

*

*line 1 creates a 1D array of the original image;

*line 2 reshapes it in the form
[[R1, R2, ..., Rn], [G1, G2, ..., Gn], [B1, B2, ..., Bn]]

*line 3 performs the actual defiltering

*line 4 converts back again to a 1D array

The problem is that it is too slow for my needs. I profiled it and found out that a good amount of time is spent reshaping the array.
So I wonder: is there some way of avoiding reshaping or to speed it up?
Notes:

*

*I'd prefer not to have to write a C extension for this.

*I'm already using multithreading

A: For some reason I did not understand yet, the final reshape in your code copies the data.  This can be avoided by using C order instead of Fortran order:
rgb = numpy.fromstring(data, 'uint8')
components = rgb.reshape(-1, 3)
filtered = numpy.cumsum(components, dtype='uint8', axis=0)
frame = filtered.reshape(-1)

A: First, when you read it in you can tell it a little more about the type, Try:
rgb = numpy.fromstring(data, '3uint8')

No reshape needed.
Next, for large operations, where you can get away with it (and cumsum qualifies), use the out= param to keep from moving the data...everything happens in place. Use:
rgb.cumsum(axis=0,out=rgb)

if you still want it flattened:
rgb = rgb.ravel()

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


The present study was conducted to assess the mental health of the farmers of Punjab during the Kisan Mela organized by Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana. A self structured questionnaire was formulated to collect details from the farmers along with the GHQ-12 questionnaire. Simple Random Sampling technique was used for the selection of the farmers and a total 202 farmers comprised the sample for this study. The GHQ is a screening tool which is used to identify the severity of psychological distress experienced by an individual within the past few weeks. Based on the GHQ scores of the respondents, the cut-off point 5 was used to determine the respondents' level of mental health. The higher score indicating poorer mental health of the individual. The study revealed that a considerable proportion of the farmers (respondents) of Punjab had been identified as on the verge of facing psychological distress. A very less percentage of the respondents were found to be having severe mental illness. It was concluded from the data that age had negative and significant relationship with the level of mental health of the respondents.


text:
class PlaceDecorator < GenericResourceDecorator
  def static_map_image(options = {})
    defaults = { alt: nombre }
    static_map = GoogleStaticMap.new(
      zoom: 12,
      center: "#{lat},#{lon}"
    )
    h.image_tag static_map, defaults.merge(options)
  end

  def flag_image_tag(options = {})
    defaults = {
      alt: country_code.upcase,
      width: 64
    }
    h.image_tag flag_image_url, defaults.merge(options)
  end

  def flag_image_url
    h.image_url("country-4x3/#{country_code}.svg")
  end

  def country_code
    @country_code ||= ISO3166::Country.find_country_by_name(
      country
    ).alpha2.downcase
  end

  def admin_link_to_resource(options=nil, &block)
    h.link_to h.admin_places_path, options, &block
  end

  def shipping_fares
    object.shipping_fares.smaller.decorate
  end
end

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


New club Hakkasan is becoming quite the celebrity hotbed.
You'll know it by the massive line, the imposing stone façade, the LED-decked ceiling and the packed dancefloor underneath. Hakkasan's first nightlife venture is a hit, and with three totally different party experiences on hand and a DJ roster featuring some of the world's finest, it's easy to see why. MGM Grand, 891-3838. Thu, Fri & Sun, 10 p.m.; Sat, 9 p.m.


text:
Senators Hirono, Bennet, Colleagues Urge DOD Not to Use Military to Suppress Nationwide Protests Against Police Brutality and Racism
Letter demands DOD allow Americans to exercise their First Amendment rights
WASHINGTON, D.C. — Yesterday, Senator Mazie K. Hirono (D-Hawaii) and Senator Michael Bennet (D-Colo.), along with 19 of their colleagues, wrote to Department of Defense (DOD) Secretary Mark Esper and Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff General Mark Milley to express their alarm at President Trump's threat to invoke the Insurrection Act as a response to protests across the country calling for justice and accountability for George Floyd's murder and an end to police brutality and systemic racism.
The letter instructs DOD to answer whether it would deploy combat designated troops; what the mission, scope, and rules would entail for the use of force; if the troops would be authorized to perform arrests; how these troops would be trained and prepared; and whether the Department would deploy federal troops apart from the use of the Insurrection Act.
"President Trump's behavior over the last three years has repeatedly politicized our Armed Forces and portrayed their mission not as one to protect and defend the Constitution, but rather to protect and defend his political interests," the Senators wrote. "Those peacefully protesting are not 'thugs' or 'terrorists' but are individuals exercising their fundamental Constitutional rights. The military should never be weaponized by the President to limit these expressions for liberty and justice. We believe it is antithetical to what those in uniform have sworn to protect and defend, and a serious threat to our democratic system."
The Senators continued, "This is a critical moment for our nation. How our institutions respond will determine whether the coming weeks and months lead to healing and unity, or continued derision, discord and injustice. We urge you to refrain from using the United States military to diminish or suppress the peaceful, free expression of Americans who are exercising their civil liberties in a call to hold government institutions to a higher standard in the fight for racial justice."
In addition to Senators Hirono and Bennet, the letter was also signed by Senators Tammy Baldwin (D-Wis.), Richard Blumenthal (D-Conn.), Bob Casey (D-Pa.), Sherrod Brown (D-Ohio), Chris Van Hollen (D-Md.), Bernie Sanders (I-Vt.), Chris Murphy (D-Conn.), Ed Markey (D-Mass.), Tina Smith (D-Minn.), Amy Klobuchar (D-Minn.), Elizabeth Warren (D-Mass.), Ron Wyden (D-Ore.), Kirsten Gillibrand (D-N.Y.), Tom Carper (D-Del.), Debbie Stabenow (D-Mich.), Jeff Merkley (D-Ore.), Patty Murray (D-Wash.), Kamala Harris (D-Calif.), and Patrick Leahy (D-Vt.).
The letter can be read here or below:
Dear Secretary Esper and General Milley:
We write to express our grave concern regarding President Trump's recent announcement that he intends to invoke the Insurrection Act to mobilize active duty military personnel or federalize National Guard personnel to deploy within the United States in response to nationwide protests following the killing of George Floyd in Minneapolis, Minnesota.
Under the Posse Comitatus Act, the U.S. Armed Forces are prohibited from performing law enforcement duties in the United States outside of Constitutional authorization or an act of Congress. Under exigent circumstances, the Insurrection Act of 1807 allows the President to deploy military personnel within U.S. borders in the event of an insurrection, rebellion, or extreme civil unrest. The Insurrection Act, last used in 1992, is an exception to the Posse Comitatus Act that is understood to only be invoked under extreme conditions. We believe the President's interpretation of the Insurrection Act contravenes its purpose and spirit significantly departs from previous applications throughout our nation's history. While the first part of the Act (10 U.S.C. §251) allows states to request support from the federal government, other provisions of the Act (10 U.S.C. §252, §253, and §254) allow the President to activate federal troops independent of a state's request – under specific and limited conditions which are not currently met.
The Act has historically been invoked under these narrower provisions in order to protect equal access to civil rights, as was the case when federal forces protected the desegregation of public schools in Arkansas in 1957 and in Mississippi and Alabama in 1962 and 1963, respectively. Invoking the Act to restrict Americans' right to freedom of assembly, speech, and protest under current circumstances would be a significant departure from important historical uses of the law.
President Trump's behavior over the last three years has repeatedly politicized our Armed Forces and portrayed their mission not as one to protect and defend the Constitution, but rather to protect and defend his political interests. We are deeply concerned by your description of the United States, and those exercising their right to protest, as a "battlespace." America is not a "battlespace" and protestors should never be "dominated" by the government or the military. Those peacefully protesting are not "thugs" or "terrorists" but are individuals exercising their fundamental Constitutional rights. The military should never be weaponized by the President to limit these expressions for liberty and justice. We believe it is antithetical to what those in uniform have sworn to protect and defend, and a serious threat to our democratic system.
Furthermore, General Milley, we are deeply concerned that your appointment to lead the Armed Forces' response to ongoing protests will further militarize the government's response. The scope of your leadership role remains unclear and concerning. The appointment of the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff to manage the response to nationwide domestic protests represents a highly disturbing delegation of authority and injects confusion within the chain of command.
In short, we oppose in the strongest terms the use of the U.S. military to impede the First Amendment rights of Americans. In cases where there is a need for additional security, state and local law enforcement, with support from the state National Guard, who live with and within the communities they serve, under the control of each state, are fully capable of responding.
Given the urgency of this situation and the potential for abuse of the Insurrection Act, we ask that you brief our staff to address the following questions concerning the possible invocation of the Act and use of other military personnel domestically not later than 3:00 pm Friday, June 5, 2020.
1. Will the Department of Defense (DoD) use Title 10 forces without the invocation of the Insurrection Act?
2. What is the mission and rules of engagement of any Title 10 servicemember, specifically, Military Police, who have already deployed in response to protests, and how are they coordinating with state and local law enforcement entities? Are they authorized to carry out arrests and other law enforcement activities? Are they authorized to use lethal force? What is their chain of command? What is their relationship to law enforcement entities?
3. Have any state legislatures requested deployment of the federal troops to "suppress an insurrection" pursuant to 10 U.S.C. §251, or for any other purpose in relation to the protests?
4. Will DoD deploy federal troops to a state where the state either has not requested military support or expressly states they do not want federal support? In this situation, to whom would these forces report?
5. In accordance with 10 U.S.C. §252, do current conditions "make it impracticable to enforce the laws of the United States in any State by the ordinary course of judicial proceedings" as required by statute? If so, where and why?
6. In accordance with 10 U.S.C. §253, do current conditions hinder "the execution of the laws of [a] State and of the United States . . . that any part or class of its people is deprived of a right, privilege, immunity, or protection named in the Constitution and secured by law"? If so, please explain why and provide examples. Further, have any state authorities "[been] unable, fail[ed], or refuse[d] to protect th[ose] right[s], privilege[s], or immunit[ies], or to give that protection?" Alternatively, where do current conditions "oppose[] or obstruct[] the execution of the laws of the United States or impede[] the course of justice under those laws," as opposed to state law?
7. Pursuant to 10 U.S.C. §254, will DoD only deploy federal troops following a presidential proclamation ordering people to "disperse and retire peaceably to their abodes within a limited time" before invoking the Insurrection Act, as required by law?
8. Are there any circumstances in which DoD envisions deploying combat troops (i.e. not Military Police)?
9. Although we do not believe invoking the Insurrection Act is warranted and believe the deployment of federal forces would be a grave mistake, we remain concerned about the assigned mission and scope in such an event. What are the rules for the use of force for any Title 10 unit that is activated to deploy to respond to protests under the Insurrection Act?
a. Will the servicemembers receive training concerning protests, riots, implicit bias, contextual sensitivity, and/or restraint?
b. Will the servicemembers be authorized to use lethal force?
c. Will they be armed with weapons? Will those weapons carry live rounds? What non-lethal riot control tools will be issued?
d. What is their designated mission?
e. Will they be authorized to make arrests, and if so, under what circumstances?
f. What is their chain of command?
g. What is their relationship to state and local law enforcement entities?
h. What will their relationship be to National Guard personnel on State Active Duty orders?
i. If military personnel are credibly alleged to have used excessive force or engaged in other abuses, will they be subject to civilian law, depending on their chain of command, or the Uniformed Code of Military Justice?
10. If National Guard personnel are federalized for this mission, will this take resources away from ongoing COVID-19 pandemic response activities?
This is a critical moment for our nation. How our institutions respond will determine whether the coming weeks and months lead to healing and unity, or continued derision, discord and injustice. We urge you to refrain from using the United States military to diminish or suppress the peaceful, free expression of Americans who are exercising their civil liberties in a call to hold government institutions to a higher standard in the fight for racial justice. We believe strongly in a healthy civil-military relationship. The inappropriate use of U.S. federal military personnel in this context could result in irrevocable damage to our nation.
We appreciate your response within the week.


text:
« Will Parliament be dissolved tomorrow or day after?
When will Najib make a full and clear statement on the history of his relationship with Jho Low, the other mastermind of the 1MDB financial scandal? »
During his audience with the Yang di Pertuan Agong, Prime Minister Ismail Sabri should not raise the subject of dissolution of Parliament unless he has secured Cabinet approval for dissolution especially as Ministers of his coalition Cabinet have publicly declared their opposition
(Versi BM)
During his audience with the Yang di Pertuan Agong, the Prime Minister should not raise the subject of dissolution of Parliament unless he has secured Cabinet approval for dissolution especially as Ministers of his coalition Cabinet have publicly declared their opposition.
This would be in accordance with the provisions in the Malaysian Constitution.
Ismail's position that the Prime Minister may decide on his own without reference to his Cabinet whether Parliament should be dissolved is not strictly correct, especially as Malaysia is in the era of coalition politics and the days of the political hegemony of one political party are over.
Ismail Sabri should lead the country into the new political era of coalition politics, and not act like a political dinosaur oblivious to the political changes happening around him..
(Media Statement by DAP MP for Iskandar Puteri Lim Kit Siang in Kuala Lumpur on Thursday, 6th October 2022)
Semasa menghadap Yang di Pertuan Agong, Perdana Menteri Ismail Sabri tidak patut membangkitkan isu pembubaran Parlimen melainkan jika dia sudah mendapat persetujuan Kabinet untuk pembubaran ini terutamanya memandangkan Menteri dalam Kabinet gabungannya sudah pun mengumumkan pendirian mereka secara terbuka
Semasa menghadap Yang di Pertuan Agong, Perdana Menteri Ismail Sabri tidak patut membangkitkan isu pembubaran Parlimen melainkan jika dia sudah mendapat persetujuan Kabinet untuk pembubaran ini terutamanya memandangkan Menteri dalam Kabinet gabungannya sudah pun mengumumkan pendirian mereka secara terbuka.
Perkara ini selari dengan peruntukan Perlembagaan Persekutuan.
Pendirian Ismail yang mengatakan Perdana Menteri boleh memutuskan sendiri tanpa merujuk kepada Kabinetnya mengenai bila Parlimen boleh dibubarkan adalah tidak beberapa tepat, terutamanya memandangkan Malaysia kini berada dalam era politik gabungan dan hari di mana hegemoni politik satu parti politik ke atas parti-parti lain sudah pun tamat.
Ismail Sabri perlu memimpin negara ke dalam sebuah era politik gabungan baharu, dan bukannya bertindak seperti dinosaur politik yang tidak sedar mengenai perubahan politik yang sedang berlaku di sekelilingnya.
(Kenyataan Media Ahli Parlimen DAP Iskandar Puteri Lim Kit Siang di Kuala Lumpur pada hari Khamis, 6 Oktober 2022)
This entry was posted on Thursday, 6 October 2022, 8:04 am and is filed under Elections. You can follow any responses to this entry through RSS 2.0.
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text:
Expressionism to Naturalism: in The Hairy Ape
INTRODUCTION (ORIGIN OF EXPRESSIONISM)
The movement of expressionism seems to have arisen as a kind of revolt against the mutual exclusiveness of romanticism and realism. It is a revolt, on the one hand, against the tendency of realism or naturalism to satisfy itself with a scrupulous (careful) representation of the surfaces of life, the speech, milieu, manners, emotions and ideas of one or another class in the society. It was also a significant experiment in non-realistic theatre and drama that promised effective trans-valuation of modem theatrical values. The expressionists cry for a "real" reality, but to them reality is not limited to the outer world. It is in fact the inner world of thought and vision. Expressionists try to communicate the palpable (definite) essence of things, their qualities, sharply defined, not their appearance in reality.
ANTI-CONVENTIONAL TECHNIQUE
This expressionistic style high-lights subjective feelings rather than objective reality; it is an attempt to depict reality beyond the superficial surfaces of realism. To accomplish this goal, expressionistic drama uses the technological devices available in the modem theatre to distort and/or ex-aggerate what is being depicted. Plot and character are less important than atmosphere and aroused feelings. Expressionistic drama does not have a conventional plot with a definite beginning, middle, and end; rather, it uses an episodic form, a series of relatively short scenes that move a central character through a variety of experiences. In expressionistic drama, characters are "types," often identified by a role or position in society, rather than by a name. The Hairy Ape is firmly rooted in the dramaturgical style of expressionism. The play shows O'Neill's commitment to expressionistic total theatre.
ANTI-REALISTIC APPROACH
Expressionism forms a major element in O'Neill's plays. It has freed him from the rather hampering limitations of pure romanticism or pure realism. O'Neill rejects the conventions of the fourth-wall realistic drama. He makes no effort to keep up pretenses of realism, for he believes that such realism is very superficial. Like Strindberg, he believes that drama has suffered too much from the banality of surfaces, and the cure lay in adopting the non-realistic techniques of expressionism. O'Neill asserts that a recording of the externals of existence only prevents man from seeing the real reality which lay embedded in the human soul.
EXPRESSIONISM IN THE HAIRY APE
The Hairy Ape is a remarkable unrealistic play. The play marks the beginning of O'Neill's long period of experimentation with the techniques of anti-naturalism. All the scenes in this play are by no means naturalistic. The Hairy Ape's aesthetics are dialectic (critical analysis) between realism and expressionism that emphasizes O'Neill's fundamental theme in the play, Yank's inability to "belong." The play is a remarkable example of realistic-expressionistic amalgam.
CHARACTERS-SYMBOLIC BUT NOT LIFELESS
Characters in expressionistic drama are often not allowed any distinct individuality or identity. They become types, representing groups and masses.: "To emphasize the general significance of the themes developed", observed Prof. M. V. Millet, "characters are likely to be represented as types in order to minimize individuality and to emphasize typicality". They bear such general names as 'Man', 'Woman', 'Millionaire', 'Doctor" - classified as worker, slave, or master and identified with abstractions like revolt, submission, justice, and energy.
All the characters in The Hairy Ape are symbolic but not abstract or lifeless. Yank is not so much an actual character as a symbol for the oppressed working class in general. There are many characters in the play which are walking symbols. For many of them O'Neill does not even have names, but labels them in accordance with their work in social standing - Second Mechanic, Fourth Mechanic, etc., which is typical of expressionistic drama.
The hero and the heroine remain symbols. Yank both looks and acts like a "hairy ape", while Mildred is described as an "incongruous artificial figure". Yank is always smudged with symbolic "black" which shows his social inferior status, while Mildred is "dressed all in white" which is symbolic of her superior social ranking.
SYMBOLIC NAMES
O'Neill aims at revealing the inner life of man with its bewildering complexity: he seeks to create the characters that are living human beings. In The Hairy Ape, Yank remains a man who can be easily recognized and identified. He looks "broader, fiercer, more truculent (violent), more powerful, more sure of himself than the rest". The stokers "respect his superior strength - the ungrudging respect of fear". Long is the symbol of radicalism in American politics. He believes in the Marxian philosophy of class struggle and deals with workers' alienation in the Industrial Age. He is opposed to the exploitation of workers by the rich capitalists. He is totally identified with the working class and makes it conscious about its rights and privileges. Mildred is a symbol of the life of artificiality, false glamour and pretensions. She is a poseur who tries to present herself as a humanist in social life. To O'Neill, every name is a symbol as expressive of the character's inner nature as his outward appearance. The names add to our understanding of them and indirectly of the world in which they draw their breath and hence their being. Every protagonist in the work of O'Neill remains a man having typical human characteristics.
MASK-LIKE FACES
O'Neill uses mask-like faces to add to the expressionistic value of his plays. In The Hairy Ape, the mask-like faces are most explicitly used in the Fifth Avenue scene: "A procession of gaudy marionettes, yet with something of the relent-less horror of Frankensteins in their detached, mechanical unawareness: In the prison scene, the dramatist uses disembodied voices with similar depersonalizing effect.
The keynote of expressionistic plays is chaos. They are marked by a mood of violence, disgust, and madness. "The pessimism, anarchy and madness", observes A.R. Thompson, "so common in the moment are at first striking characters, but they are not inherent in it as a dramatic technique". The central figure of expressionism is a lost soul, for in many ways this is a literature of despair. In The Hairy Ape, Yank is brutalized by an impersonal and mechanical social order. It is the society which remains hostile to Yank and has made his life unbearable and worthless. The play is an open denunciation of the whole structure of the modem Machine Age. It is a deliberate humiliation and dehumanization of the underprivileged section of the American society.
MECHANIZATION OF LIFE
Mechanization of life is one of the leading features of the expressionistic drama. The Hairy Ape dramatizes the mechanization of the modem world. It is the excessive mechanization of modern life that often causes tragedy in O'Neill's plays. It generates a sense of loneliness and insecurity and destabilizes the life of the poor workers. In The Hairy Ape, Yank is brutalized by an impersonal and mechanical social order.
SOCIAL ORIENTATION
Expressionists are primarily preoccupied with contemporary social and economic issues in their plays. Expressionism is indispensable to social criticism. O'Neill's plays are specifically a criticism of American life. "Not concerned with the views and virtues of the medieval religionist", remarks Louis Broussard, "the expressionists substitute for them the dynamic concepts of contemporary civilization; brotherhood, economic equality, communism, fascism, democracy". They dramatize modern man's alienation from his times, family, society and even God. The expressionist's hero is born under unfavorable stars and faces life and death struggles in his life. In The Hairy Ape, Yank's desperate efforts to belong finally end in his destruction.
PSYCHOLOGICAL REALISM
Expressionists are profoundly interested in psychology and they celebrate the supremacy of spirit over matter. They deal with the subjective, with "inner" realities of the human mind. Man becomes a key figure in their works. He is no longer a product of his environment, driven by forces beyond his control, but he is himself the driving agent, capable of transforming the world according to his vision. It is not the world that fashions man; it is man who fashions the world. The expressionists undertake the study of human passion instead of the history of persons and their achievements. An effort is made to investigate the human psyche and to present on the stage the aberrations in human character. In the words of N.S. Wilson: "It attempts, in a word to dramatize the inner life of man, to represent what is passing in his soul".
The Hairy Ape is the ancestor of psychoanalytic drama. The key to the expressionistic symbolism here is that the suppressed individual, Yank, in his desire for revenge and for freedom, becomes the slave of his own instincts. In The Hairy Ape, Yank's mind is all split as a result of the inner struggle, which threatens his very existence.
USE OF TIME
Time is not used in a traditional sense in the expressionistic drama. There is no logical sequence of events. Past and present time mingle freely in the expressionistic plays. Memory intrudes itself into a present situation and not only dominates but alters it. Flashback technique is also frequently employed to dramatize the past experiences and events of the characters involved in the drama. Past and present interact freely in The Hairy Ape. Yank lives in the present but Paddy is firmly rooted in the past. It is this intermingling of the time that brings before the comparative picture of the life of sailors in the past and the present.
USE OF SOUND EFFECTS
O'Neill has a predilection (preference) for the potency of pure sound on the stage. He shows a fondness for aural and visual effects and he has always used sounds as a structural part of the plays. The high frequency of musical effects in O'Neill's plays is, in part, due the unusual power of music to speak directly to our emotions. Egil Tornqvist has rightly observed: "Far from being an alienating effect, music used by O'Neill is an integral, mood-sustaining part of the plays".
In The Hairy Ape, O'Neill does invest real sounds, such as the rattling of the steel bars of the prison cells and the chattering of the unseen monkeys at the zoo, with the emotional weight of the respective moments for Yank, as he frantically attempts to break out of the confines of his socially defined and stifling identity. The sound effects in the stokehole are also quite striking:
There is a tumult of noise—the brazen clang of the furnace doors as they are flung open or slammed shut, the grating, teeth-gritting grind of steel against steel, of crunching coal. This clash of sounds stuns one's ears with its rending dissonance O'Neill achieves two effects here: one is the "rending dissonance," which defines Yank's experience throughout the play as he runs up against barrier after barrier; the other is the "monotonous beat of the engines," which conveys the oppressive environment from which Yank yearns to escape. The monotonous throbbing beat of the engines gives the rhythms of a mechanically regulated recurrence.
O'Neill experiments with sound in The Hairy Ape, using interesting repetitions, choral lines, and choreographed cacophony. For example, Yanks shipmates frequently repeat a word that he has shouted, such as "T'ink" or "Love," and each time O'Neill offers almost the same stage direction: "The chorused word has a brazen, metallic quality as if their throats were phonograph horns. It is followed by a general uproar of hard, barking laughter". The patterned sound in The Hairy Ape also extends beyond music and language to include harsh mechanical noise. For example, O'Neill describes a "tumult of noise" as the firemen work in the fiery stokehole: "This clash of sounds stuns one's ears with its rending dissonance. Bur there is order in it, rhythm, a mechanical regulated recurrence, a tempo".
Described as a group, and not as individuals, the stokers act like a chorus, responding to what Yank says as "Voices" speaking lines that are meant to sound spontaneous, sometimes sequentially and sometimes simultaneously. At one point, they chant in unison a "refrain, stamping on the floor, pounding on the benches with fists "Drink, don't think!"
SYMBOLIC SETTINGS
O'Neill asserted that modern drama need not be bound by the realistic set and he made his stage a servant to his art. The Hairy Ape uses distorted settings that suggest a claustrophobic (terrifying) world. O'Neill's settings are very suggestive and symbolic. O'Neill has risen above the limitations of his stage and made it a servant to his art, refusing to accept the limitations imposed by tradition. "The use of a setting", remarks S.K. Winther, "gives him greater flexibility and increases the imaginative quality of is drama". O'Neill was always satisfied with the briefest of descriptions. Setting serves to add to the emotional content of his plays. The function of the setting is to augment imaginatively the total effect of the action. It is both suggestive and plausible.
In The Hairy Ape, the cage image pervades the entire play and it is poignantly expressive of Yank's struggle with his, own fate. The private lane in the Fifth Avenue is exclusively meant for the rich class and the poor are treated as trespassers for using it. It is a clear-cut case of racial discrimination in America.
The substitution of symbolic types for the individual human beings has caused a change in the dialogue form. The expressionist dramatist does not attempt realistic conversation for its own sake. O'Neill makes use of associative rather than directly communicative language. Life is sometimes dramatized in language full of significant puns and associations. Characters often burst into song or speak verse. They break into a chanting repetition of a single phrase so as to convey the idea of the monotony or dreariness of life. It is a form of expression suited to its intensely emotional emphasis. Every expressionist coins his personal idiom. In this process grammar and syntax are ruthlessly overthrown, articles eliminated, sentences clipped, new words created. In some extreme cases, the dialogue is reduced to bare exclamation. Dialogues bear no resemblance to human speech and they are subjected to varied weird abbreviations and distortions, so that they become violent, telegraphic and enigmatic.
In The Hairy Ape the language is subjected to weird abbreviations and distortions. Prose dialogue in O'Neill's drama aims at maintaining stylization on a high or formal plane, ft heightens its effect by utilizing some of the devices that we normally associate with verse dialogue—marked rhythm, vivid sensory diction and striking similes or metaphors. In additions, O'Neill has made use of frequent word repetition to lend the speech its musicality.
NO FORM
Few expressionists pay attention to form. Their plays are marked by looseness of construction and stylistic grotesqueness. They are also chaotic, hysterical and apparently meaningless. Most of the expressionists foiled both emotionally and intellectually to impart unity to their plays. Lack of form caused pure expressionism to lose ground to the same degree as extreme naturalism against which it was a reaction. There is also a marked tendency to confuse the outer form with an inner intrinsic one. But O'Neill has yielded to neither the formlessness nor the incoherent incoherence of the more extreme expressionists. Each of his plays is well-knit and sharp in outline, solidly constructed from beginning to end. In his non-realistic as well as his realistic plays. O'Neill demonstrates an acute sense of organic form which makes him a leader of American expressionism. In The Hairy Ape, the motif of repetition progresses uninterruptedly from scene to scene and the effect becomes more and more tense as the action hurries on towards the end.
The expressionistic drama is cut short in size and the number of scenes is further cut down to the minimum. The Hairy Ape takes eight scenes to complete the play. The story part of the drama is not very important. Here the digressions are avoided and the efforts to create the character through various scenes renounced. The long preparation which usually went towards the creation of climatic situations in the conventional play is abbreviated. Event follows event in quick succession. The transition from one scene to another is abrupt, and this disjointedness is deliberate, meant to suggest the disorganization of our lives today. Scenes form a series in which incidents are singly displayed.
Expressionism is a powerful dramatic; technique which is opposed to the mutual exclusiveness of romanticism and realism for depicting the hidden realities of life. As a potent non-realistic technique, it aims at trans-valuation of modem theatrical values. The central focus in the expressionistic drama is 'inward' rather than undependable 'outward' presentation of human life.
The Hairy Ape is firmly rooted in the dramaturgical style of expressionism. This style emphasizes subjective feelings rather than objective reality; it is an attempt to depict reality beyond the superficial surfaces of realism. All the characters in The Hairy Ape are symbolic but not lifeless. Yank remains a man who can be easily recognized and identified. Time is not used in a traditional sense in the expressionistic drama. There is no logical sequence of events. Past and present time mingle freely in The Hairy Ape. O'Neill experiments with sound in The Hairy Ape, using interesting repetitions, choral lines, and choreographed cacophony. In The Hairy Ape, the mask-like faces arc most explicitly used in the Fifth Avenue scene. The Hairy Ape uses distorted settings that suggest a claustrophobic world. The play gains much of its power from its conscious use of new expressionistic techniques.
Q.1. Comment critically on the use of expressionistic technique in The Hairy Ape.
Write an essay on O'Neill's handling of the expressionist technique in The Hairy Ape.
Q.2. Write an essay on O'Neill's adapting the expressionistic technique to native realism.
Q.3. Illustrate the view that expressionism and naturalism are faced in The Hairy Ape.
Q.4. O'Neill claimed that The Hairy Ape cannot be categorized as any sort of 'ism'; it rather seems to sum the whole gamut from extreme naturalism to extreme expressionism, with more of the latter than the former.


text:
Tonight, the CIS #1 ranked UNB V-Reds (9-2-1) travel down the hill to face the AUS #7 STU Tommies (3-8-1) at 7pm at the Lady Beaverbrook Rink in the 174th Battle of the Hill.
There are many numbers that can be used to give the V-Reds better odds at winning this game:
- UNB is currently on a 10 game winning streak over STU at the LBR.
- The last time STU beat UNB in a regular season game was Oct. 20, 2006 at the York Arena.
- In last season's four regular season meetings, UNB outscored STU 21-3 and outshot them by an average margin of 44-20.
- No member of the current roster for UNB has ever lost to STU
None of these numbers mean anything on game day.
The V-Reds are sitting on top of the AUS and CIS right now, but are only (2-2-1)in their last five games. The V-reds are coming off a hard fought 2-1 victory over the CIS #3 ranked UdeM Aigles Bleues (9-3-0) and will be looking to maintain that momentum at they face the Tommies. The V-Reds are led in points by Kyle Bailey (9G 9A) and Luke Gallant (2G 12A).
The Tommies are a team rebuilding after last year's last place finish. The Tommies have already tallied as many wins this season as last year, and have lost by only one goal 4 times this regular season. The Tommies are coming off of a 6-3 loss to the UPEI Panthers (7-5-0), and will look to defeat the V-Reds to get back on the winning track. The Tommies are led in points by Randy Cameron (8G 4A) and Felix Poulin (2G 10A).
Come down to the LBR and cheer on your UNB V-Reds as they look to win the Battle of the Hill!
If for some reason you cannot make it to the game, you can watch the webcast or get alerts on all the action by following UNBHockey on Twitter.
Labels: battle of the hill, STU Tommies
What the hell is a defenseman doing going offside on a wide open 3 on 1?
Probably the best opportunity of the whole period killed by a UNB player!
I watched every minute and still don't believe it. Does anyone know the CIS record for shorthanded goals?
kelly section 5 said...
got to admit, thought we were done!
Got into discipline trouble tonight.Thought calls were bad for both teams.Stu fans started to chirp after 3 nothing,see stu fans leave after 4-3. I think they played very well our boys played only in the third period.lots of chances.


The most ideal way to catch up with some of Dubai's iconic experiences is via booking our combo deal package. It takes you off the beaten path on an adrenaline-charged desert safari and also offers the most extraordinary sightseeing experience with a two-hour cruise dinner cruise across the charming Dubai Creek.
Engross yourself in the untouched Arabian Desert wonderland as we drive you outside of the city center, towards Al Avir Desert. Incorporating active adventures in the form of dune bash with classic interactions, it gives you the chance to know age-old Bedouin culture and heritage first-hand; special courtesy to inclusions like camel ride, shisha smoking etc.
From being greeted in a traditional way at our campsite and relaxing in our modest tents to witnessing classic entertainment shows and taking in scrumptious barbeque specialties, you can be assured of remarkable moments on this once-in-a-lifetime desert safari.
As regards to the Dhow Cruise, you'll slip away to the timeless charm of Dubai Creek. Weaving its way through the historic heart of Dubai, this amazing cruise aboard a wooden vessel passes you by a mix of elegant old sand-colored structures and most modern sights. Relish an extensive buffet meal and relax within the air-conditioned lower deck or climb atop to its partially open upper deck for the most unhindered views of the scenic environs.


text:
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">

<title>Uses of Class org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.init.ScriptException (Spring Framework 5.1.18.RELEASE API)</title>
<meta name="date" content="2020-09-15">
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Uses of Class
org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.init.ScriptException

Packages that use ScriptException

Package
Description

org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.init

Provides extensible support for initializing databases through scripts.

Uses of ScriptException in org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.init

Subclasses of ScriptException in org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.init

Modifier and Type
Class and Description

class
CannotReadScriptException

Thrown by ScriptUtils if an SQL script cannot be read.

class
ScriptParseException

Thrown by ScriptUtils if an SQL script cannot be properly parsed.

class
ScriptStatementFailedException

Thrown by ScriptUtils if a statement in an SQL script failed when
 executing it against the target database.

class
UncategorizedScriptException

Thrown when we cannot determine anything more specific than "something went
 wrong while processing an SQL script": for example, a SQLException
 from JDBC that we cannot pinpoint more precisely.

Methods in org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.init that throw ScriptException

Modifier and Type
Method and Description

void
ResourceDatabasePopulator.execute(DataSource dataSource)

Execute this ResourceDatabasePopulator against the given
 DataSource.

static void
ScriptUtils.executeSqlScript(Connection connection,
                EncodedResource resource)

Execute the given SQL script using default settings for statement
 separators, comment delimiters, and exception handling flags.

static void
ScriptUtils.executeSqlScript(Connection connection,
                EncodedResource resource,
                boolean continueOnError,
                boolean ignoreFailedDrops,
                String commentPrefix,
                String separator,
                String blockCommentStartDelimiter,
                String blockCommentEndDelimiter)

Execute the given SQL script.

static void
ScriptUtils.executeSqlScript(Connection connection,
                Resource resource)

Execute the given SQL script using default settings for statement
 separators, comment delimiters, and exception handling flags.

void
ResourceDatabasePopulator.populate(Connection connection)

Populate, initialize, or clean up the database using the provided JDBC
 connection.

void
DatabasePopulator.populate(Connection connection)

Populate, initialize, or clean up the database using the provided JDBC
 connection.

void
CompositeDatabasePopulator.populate(Connection connection)

static void
ScriptUtils.splitSqlScript(EncodedResource resource,
              String script,
              String separator,
              String commentPrefix,
              String blockCommentStartDelimiter,
              String blockCommentEndDelimiter,
              List<String> statements)

Split an SQL script into separate statements delimited by the provided
 separator string.

static void
ScriptUtils.splitSqlScript(String script,
              char separator,
              List<String> statements)

Split an SQL script into separate statements delimited by the provided
 separator character.

static void
ScriptUtils.splitSqlScript(String script,
              String separator,
              List<String> statements)

Split an SQL script into separate statements delimited by the provided
 separator string.

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Represents a custom image (i.e.
A class containing static variables representing various collision types, which are used for ray casting.
Contains static fields representing various keys.
Represents a custom 3D model file.
Represents a custom audio file (this could either be a sound effect or a music track).
It can be used to represent a two dimensional value, like a horizontal position or screen coordinates.
It can be used to represent a three dimensional value, like an integer position (e.g. a block position or a chunk offset).
Batch class to proceed multiple world edits at once (greatly improves the performance if you want to perform multiple world edits).


text:
Японська футбольна ліга () — футбольна ліга Японії, яка існувала з 1992 по 1998 рік і була другим за рівнем дивізіоном країни після створення Джей-ліги в 1992 році. Також відома як JFL.

Історія
Коли Японська футбольна асоціація вирішила заснувати професіональну футбольну лігу, Японська соккер-ліга (JSL), найвища ліга до сезону 1991/92, була реорганізована в дві нещодавно сформовані ліги. Однією з них стала Джей-ліга, перша в історії професіональна футбольна ліга в Японії. Другою була Японська футбольна ліга (JFL).

З двадцяти восьми команд, які були членами обох дивізіонів JSL, дев'ять, (включаючи об'єднаний зі своїм молодіжним клубом другого дивізіону, «Йоміурі») разом з новим клубом «Сімідзу С-Палс» сформували Джей-лігу. А решта вісімнадцять вирішили залишитися в аматорському статусі, принаймні на якийсь період. Вони грали перший сезон JFL 1992 року разом із «Osaka Gas» та «Seino Transportation», двома найкращими командами регіональних ліг. У цьому сезоні клуби сформували два дивізіони і зіграли по 18 матчів. Первісна конфігурація з двох дивізіонів по 10 клубів у кожному була змінена з 1994 року на єдиний дивізіон з 16 клубів.

Японська футбольна ліга в тому вигляді, в якому була створена в 1992 році, припинила своє існування в кінці сезону 1998 року, коли була сформована Джей-ліга 2 (J2). З 16 команд, які грали в останньому сезоні 1998 року колишнього JFL, 9 були прийняті в J2, а решта 7 приєдналися до нової Японської футбольної ліги.

Чемпіони

Примітки

Футбольні змагання в Японії

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


The New York Art Residency & Studios (NARS) Foundation is excited to present Delicate Enchantments, exploring the nature of subtle interactions in daily life. The exhibition features selections from the work of 2013 Season II Residency Artists: Guy Ben-Ari, Madison Bycroft, Catherine Connolly, Natasha Frisch, Kyoung Eun Kang, and Liliya Lifanova, in addition to past Residency Artists: Katrina Chamberlin, Suzanne Goldenberg, and Katya Grokhovsky. Some works explore this interaction through direct engagement with others and their surroundings, focusing on the intimacy and beauty. Some pieces favor a formalistic approach, utilizing the object and its history of encounters. Each piece is imbued with the enchanting experience established through the dialogue with everyday life.


text:
Receive Legal Advice from our TWO separate lawyers for your ONE inquiry
+ 672 local and foreign enterprises using legal services of ASL LAW
SPECIAL SECTION: COVID 19 (NCOV) & All LEGAL NOTES IN VIETNAM
Can Choose 02 Lawyers For 01 inquiry
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Full & Comprehensive legal service
Wherever Vietnamese Enterprises go, we are there
Vietnamese and International Lawyers of ASL LAW
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BUI HONG HAI
Frequent services orderd by client
Oversea investment
Open company in Vietnam
Why do we need to invest in Vietnam now?
Vietnam, country with a stable political system, is one of the countries with the fastest growing economy. By this time, Vietnam has signed free trademark agreement with different countries and developed markets. Vietnam is one of the most participating countries in FTAs in the world, with 17 FTAs.
Moreover, Vietnam is on the way becoming the manufacturing centre for international companies due to their advantage of cheap labour costs and infrastructure development. Vietnam could be a good place to shift from China.
What fields are investors able to lawfully invest in Vietnam?
Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) is very important to Vietnam now in terms of strengthening economy's growth. They account for nearly 70% of the country's export turnover.
Recognizing the aforementioned role of the FDI to Vietnamese economic system, Vietnamese Government has amended the relevant laws on foreign investment to encourage foreign investors to invest into Vietnam. Now 100% Permitted foreign ownership for most sectors is allowed according to Decree 60/2015. The Vietnamese Government commits to support and create the most favorable conditions for foreign businesses investing and operating in Vietnam.
Who are our key FDI investors?
According to the Foreign Investment Agency (FIA) under the Ministry of Planning and Investment, Japan has returned as the top investor in Vietnam with total amount of investments of $6.47 billion in the first half of 2018, equivalent to 31.8 percent of the total FDI reported for the period. In second and third place are South Korea ($5.06 billion, 24.9 percent of the total) and Singapore ($2.39 billion, 11.8 percent of the total), respectively. The other top investors include China, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Malaysia, USA
What Forms of business could foreign investors do business in Vietnam?
Foreign investors could consider following of the form as defined hereafter when doing business in Vietnam:
Joint-stock company
A joint-stock company is formed by shareholders based on their subscription for shares in the company. A joint-stock company must have at least three shareholders. The company may either be 100% foreign-owned; or a joint venture between both foreign investors and domestic ones.
This form of foreign investment in Vietnam may be setup between a legal entity or an individual and the individual general partner. The partner has unrestricted liability for the operations of the partnership.
Limited-liability company
+ A 100% foreign-owned enterprise; or
+ A foreign-invested joint-venture company between foreign investors and at least one domestic one.
Build-operate-transfer ('BOT'), Build-transfer ('BT') and Build-transfer-operate ('BTO') Contracts
Forming Business cooperation contract (BCC)
Opening Branches in Vietnam
Public and Private Partnership Contract (PPP)
Currently, BOT, BT and BTO is quite popular in Vietnam while PPP is not so common.
Opening Representative offices in Vietnam
What services ASL LAW could do for clients/foreign investors doing business in Vietnam?
ASL LAW with very experienced business lawyers and consultants shall provide the clients a full legal service with affordable quotation to company formation in Vietnam from the initial step until full functional operation. Accordingly, the business of the clients shall operate in Vietnam legally, efficiently and costly.
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