text:
Exclusive: Iran Hijacked US drone, Says Iranian Engineer
Iran guided the CIA's "lost" stealth drone to an intact landing inside hostile territory by exploiting a navigational weakness long-known to the US military, according to an Iranian engineer now working on the captured drone's systems inside Iran.
Iranian electronic warfare specialists were able to cut off communications links of the American bat-wing RQ-170 Sentinel, says the engineer, who works for one of many Iranian military and civilian teams currently trying to unravel the drone's stealth and intelligence secrets, and who could not be named for his safety.
Using knowledge gleaned from previous downed American drones and a technique proudly claimed by Iranian commanders in September, the Iranian specialists then reconfigured the drone's GPS coordinates to make it land in Iran at what the drone thought was its actual home base in Afghanistan.
IN PICTURES: America's Predator drones
"The GPS navigation is the weakest point," the Iranian engineer told the Monitor, giving the most detailed description yet published of Iran's "electronic ambush" of the highly classified US drone. "By putting noise [jamming] on the communications, you force the bird into autopilot. This is where the bird loses its brain."
The "spoofing" technique that the Iranians used – which took into account precise landing altitudes, as well as latitudinal and longitudinal data – made the drone "land on its own where we wanted it to, without having to crack the remote-control signals and communications" from the US control center, says the engineer.
The revelations about Iran's apparent electronic prowess come as the US, Israel, and some European nations appear to be engaged in an ever-widening covert war with Iran, which has seen assassinations of Iranian nuclear scientists, explosions at Iran's missile and industrial facilities, and the Stuxnet computer virus that set back Iran's nuclear program.
Now this engineer's account of how Iran took over one of America's most sophisticated drones suggests Tehran has found a way to hit back. The techniques were developed from reverse-engineering several less sophisticated American drones captured or shot down in recent years, the engineer says, and by taking advantage of weak, easily manipulated GPS signals, which calculate location and speed from multiple satellites.
RECOMMENDED: Downed US drone: How Iran caught the 'beast'
Western military experts and a number of published papers on GPS spoofing indicate that the scenario described by the Iranian engineer is plausible.
"Even modern combat-grade GPS [is] very susceptible" to manipulation, says former US Navy electronic warfare specialist Robert Densmore, adding that it is "certainly possible" to recalibrate the GPS on a drone so that it flies on a different course. "I wouldn't say it's easy, but the technology is there."
In 2009, Iran-backed Shiite militants in Iraq were found to have downloaded live, unencrypted video streams from American Predator drones with inexpensive, off-the-shelf software. But Iran's apparent ability now to actually take control of a drone is far more significant.
Iran asserted its ability to do this in September, as pressure mounted over its nuclear program.
Gen. Moharam Gholizadeh, the deputy for electronic warfare at the air defense headquarters of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC), described to Fars News how Iran could alter the path of a GPS-guided missile – a tactic more easily applied to a slower-moving drone.
"We have a project on hand that is one step ahead of jamming, meaning 'deception' of the aggressive systems," said Gholizadeh, such that "we can define our own desired information for it so the path of the missile would change to our desired destination."
Gholizadeh said that "all the movements of these [enemy drones]" were being watched, and "obstructing" their work was "always on our agenda."
That interview has since been pulled from Fars' Persian-language website. And last month, the relatively young Gholizadeh died of a heart attack, which some Iranian news sites called suspicious – suggesting the electronic warfare expert may have been a casualty in the covert war against Iran.
Iran's growing electronic capabilities
Iranian lawmakers say the drone capture is a "great epic" and claim to be "in the final steps of breaking into the aircraft's secret code."
Secretary of Defense Leon Panetta told Fox News on Dec. 13 that the US will "absolutely" continue the drone campaign over Iran, looking for evidence of any nuclear weapons work. But the stakes are higher for such surveillance, now that Iran can apparently disrupt the work of US drones.
US officials skeptical of Iran's capabilities blame a malfunction, but so far can't explain how Iran acquired the drone intact. One American analyst ridiculed Iran's capability, telling Defense News that the loss was "like dropping a Ferrari into an ox-cart technology culture."
Yet Iran's claims to the contrary resonate more in light of new details about how it brought down the drone – and other markers that signal growing electronic expertise.
A former senior Iranian official who asked not to be named said: "There are a lot of human resources in Iran.... Iran is not like Pakistan."
"Technologically, our distance from the Americans, the Zionists, and other advanced countries is not so far to make the downing of this plane seem like a dream for us … but it could be amazing for others," deputy IRGC commander Gen. Hossein Salami said this week.
According to a European intelligence source, Iran shocked Western intelligence agencies in a previously unreported incident that took place sometime in the past two years, when it managed to "blind" a CIA spy satellite by "aiming a laser burst quite accurately."
More recently, Iran was able to hack Google security certificates, says the engineer. In September, the Google accounts of 300,000 Iranians were made accessible by hackers. The targeted company said "circumstantial evidence" pointed to a "state-driven attack" coming from Iran, meant to snoop on users.
Cracking the protected GPS coordinates on the Sentinel drone was no more difficult, asserts the engineer.
US knew of GPS systems' vulnerability
Use of drones has become more risky as adversaries like Iran hone countermeasures. The US military has reportedly been aware of vulnerabilities with pirating unencrypted drone data streams since the Bosnia campaign in the mid-1990s.
Top US officials said in 2009 that they were working to encrypt all drone data streams in Iraq, Pakistan, and Afghanistan – after finding militant laptops loaded with days' worth of data in Iraq – and acknowledged that they were "subject to listening and exploitation."
Perhaps as easily exploited are the GPS navigational systems upon which so much of the modern military depends.
"GPS signals are weak and can be easily outpunched [overridden] by poorly controlled signals from television towers, devices such as laptops and MP3 players, or even mobile satellite services," Andrew Dempster, a professor from the University of New South Wales School of Surveying and Spatial Information Systems, told a March conference on GPS vulnerability in Australia.
"This is not only a significant hazard for military, industrial, and civilian transport and communication systems, but criminals have worked out how they can jam GPS," he says.
The US military has sought for years to fortify or find alternatives to the GPS system of satellites, which are used for both military and civilian purposes. In 2003, a "Vulnerability Assessment Team" at Los Alamos National Laboratory published research explaining how weak GPS signals were easily overwhelmed with a stronger local signal.
"A more pernicious attack involves feeding the GPS receiver fake GPS signals so that it believes it is located somewhere in space and time that it is not," reads the Los Alamos report. "In a sophisticated spoofing attack, the adversary would send a false signal reporting the moving target's true position and then gradually walk the target to a false position."
The vulnerability remains unresolved, and a paper presented at a Chicago communications security conference in October laid out parameters for successful spoofing of both civilian and military GPS units to allow a "seamless takeover" of drones or other targets.
To "better cope with hostile electronic attacks," the US Air Force in late September awarded two $47 million contracts to develop a "navigation warfare" system to replace GPS on aircraft and missiles, according to the Defense Update website.
Official US data on GPS describes "the ongoing GPS modernization program" for the Air Force, which "will enhance the jam resistance of the military GPS service, making it more robust."
Why the drone's underbelly was damaged
Iran's drone-watching project began in 2007, says the Iranian engineer, and then was stepped up and became public in 2009 – the same year that the RQ-170 was first deployed in Afghanistan with what were then state-of-the-art surveillance systems.
In January, Iran said it had shot down two conventional (nonstealth) drones, and in July, Iran showed Russian experts several US drones – including one that had been watching over the underground uranium enrichment facility at Fordo, near the holy city of Qom.
In capturing the stealth drone this month at Kashmar, 140 miles inside northeast Iran, the Islamic Republic appears to have learned from two years of close observation.
Iran displayed the drone on state-run TV last week, with a dent in the left wing and the undercarriage and landing gear hidden by anti-American banners.
The Iranian engineer explains why: "If you look at the location where we made it land and the bird's home base, they both have [almost] the same altitude," says the Iranian engineer. "There was a problem [of a few meters] with the exact altitude so the bird's underbelly was damaged in landing; that's why it was covered in the broadcast footage."
Prior to the disappearance of the stealth drone earlier this month, Iran's electronic warfarecapabilities were largely unknown – and often dismissed.
"We all feel drunk [with happiness] now," says the Iranian engineer. "Have you ever had a new laptop? Imagine that excitement multiplied many-fold." When the Revolutionary Guard first recovered the drone, they were aware it might be rigged to self-destruct, but they "were so excited they could not stay away."
* Scott Peterson, the Monitor's Middle East correspondent, wrote this story with an Iranian journalist who publishes under the pen name Payam Faramarzi and cannot be further identified for security reasons.
Specifications (RQ-170)
Data from [37]
Wingspan: 85 ft (26 m) estimated
Height: 6 ft (1.8 m) estimated
Powerplant: 1 × Garrett TFE731 or General Electric TF34[10] turbofan
Service ceiling: 50,000 ft (15,240 m) (estimated)
FULL LUNAR ECLIPSES : 10 DECEMBER 2011 / GERHANA BULAN PENUH
FAKTA GERHANA BULAN PENUH : 10/12/2011
Bulan mula memasuki Penumbra : 19.32 (P4)
Bulan mula memasuki Umbra : 20.46 (U4)
Permulaan gerhana Penuh : 22.06 (U3)
Waktu gerhana Maksima : 22.31
Tamat gerhana Penuh : 22.57 (U2)
Bulan meninggalkan Umbra : 00.18 (U1)
Bulan meninggalkan Penumbra : 01.31 (P1)
Ianya berlaku kesan daripada kedudukan bumi, bulan dan matahari berada dalam satu garisan sewaktu gerhana yang menyebabkan wujudnya tarikan graviti ke ke atas.
Dalam keadaan ini, putih telur dikatakan tertarik ke bahagian atas manakala kuning telur yang sedikit berat berada di bahagian bawah sekaligus mewujudkan keseimbangan.
Prinsip yang sama juga berlaku kepada kejadian pasang surut air laut.Jika dalam keadaan gerhana, di mana bumi, bulan dan matahari berada di dalam satu garisan, maka akan berlakulah air pasang perbani atau disebut juga air pasang besar.
Berdasarkan pendapat saintis, di antara matahari dan bumi terdapat garis medan gravitasi yang mampu mempengaruhi elektron dalam telur sehingga menjadi stabil, sekali gus membolehkannya berdiri tegak.
Eksperimen oleh : Mohd Ezli Mashut ( Jam 11.00 Malam ketika Gerhana Bulan Penuh )
The lunar eclipse sets over the North Shore of Oahu in Haleiwa, Hawaii December 10, 2011. REUTERS/Hugh Gentry (UNITED STATES - Tags: SOCIETY ENVIRONMENT)
A partial lunar eclipse is seen from the Ro pillars of the Temple of Hercules in Amman December 2011. REUTERS/Ali Jarekji (JORDAN - Tags: ENVIRONMENT
9.21 pm di Planetarium Negara
9.17 mlm di Planetarium Negara
Imej dari Teluk Kemang,N9
Malaysia Lunar Eclipse
7:56pm dari Melaka...
Total Lunar Eclipse in Bangkok city, Thailand. 10 December 2011
PETALING JAYA: Malaysians were drawn outdoors to watch the total lunar eclipse, which is the last until 2014.
While about 3,000 people visited the National Planetarium to view the eclipse last night with sophisticated telescopes, others opted for a more laid-back experience with their family members.
Nightclub manager Johnny Wan watched the eclipse outside his workplace in Section 16 here with his wife and children, together with his mother, sister and her children.
Even his staff took occasional breaks to follow the moon's phases as it slowly crept into the Earth's shadow and eventually took on a reddish hue at the height of the eclipse.
Once in a blue moon: A photograph showing the moon during the lunar eclipse last night as seen from Sungai Buloh, Kuala Lumpur.
Although he does not consider himself to be a stargazer, Wan said he would never miss the opportunity to watch an eclipse as it was rare.
"Most times, eclipses happen in other parts of the world. So, if there is an eclipse happening here and I hear about it, I will watch it," said Wan, 47.
He added that he loved watching the skies on clear nights with his telescope at home.
A group from Rescue Climber Malaysia, meanwhile, gathered at Bukit Broga to catch the eclipse and also photographed the event.
Kids using a telescope to gaze at the moon.
The eclipse began at about 7.34pm and was at its height at 10.32pm. It ended at about 1.30am today.
The National Planetarium uploaded photographs taken at regular intervals from both the planetarium and different observatories around Malaysia and uploaded it onto its Facebook page while there was a "live" webcast on the National Space Agency's website.
A deep, dark, secret love affair - Singapore And Israel
Very interesting read, about the formative years of SAF from the perspectives of an Israeli advisor in the early years of SAF.
A deep, dark, secret love affair
By Amnon Barzilai
A team of IDF officers, known as the `Mexicans,' helped Singapore establish an army. It was the start of a very special relationship.
Christmas Eve, 1965, is the unofficial date of the start of the great and continuing love story between Israel and Singapore, a love affair that was kept a deep, dark secret. The international press, like the Israeli media, tried to bring the tale to light. Occasionally, scraps of information leaked out; some were published, some were denied, many were disregarded. The Israelis, as usual, wanted to rush to tell all their friends, but managed to overcome that desire. The fear that the thies would be terminated if they became public knowledge had its effect. Israel imposed a total blackout on the story and the secret was preserved. Until the other side could no longer contain itself.
In his book, "From Third World to First: The Singapore Story 1965-2000," published in 2000, Lee Kuan Yew, Singapore's founding father and its first prime minister, disclosed the secret that had been kept for almost 40 years: It was the Israel Defense Forces that established the Singaporean army. The Israeli military mission was headed by Yaakov (Jack) Elazari, then a colonel, who was later promoted to brigadier general. After leaving the army, he became a consultant to the Singaporean army. Hedied 15 years ago. "To disguise their presence, we called them `Mexicans.' They looked swarthy enough," Lee wrote.
Singapore's army is today considered the strongest and most advanced of the military forces in Southeast Asia. The alliance between the Israeli and Singaporean defense establishments intensified and expanded, and it now encompasses cooperation between the two countries' military industries, as well. The scope of the deals, according to foreign sources, indicates that the Singaporean army is one of the major clients of Israeli combat means and military technology. Singapore's aircraft industry is cooperating with its Israeli counterpart and with Elbit Systems in upgrading the F-5 warplanes of the Turkish Air Force. A few years ago, Singapore's defense minister revealed that the Gil antitank missile, which is manufactured by Raphael (Israel Armaments Development Authority), was developed in cooperation between the two countries.
Surrounded by Muslims
Lee explained the need to maintain secrecy to his close friend in the leadership, and the first defense minister in his government, Dr. Goh Keng Swee. "We have to ensure, as far as possible, that the arrival of the Israelis will not become public knowledge, in order not to arouse opposition among the Malay Muslims who live in Malaysia and Singapore," the prime minister summed up. That, in essence, is Singapore's problem. The residents of the small island, which has an area of about 670 square kilometers (Israel is 30 times as large), are mainly Chinese, and they live between the two Muslim countries of Malaysia and Indonesia. Life in the shadow of the large Muslim majority and fear of a Malaysian incursion are an integral part of the history of the two countries. Until 1965, Singapore was part of Malaysia. In that year, the British government decided to withdraw from all its colonies east of the Suez Canal. In a rapid process it was decided to sever Singapore from Malaysia and to establish it as a new and separate country.
Singapore declared its independence on August 9, 1965. At the time of its creation, it had only two infantry regiments, which had been established and were commanded by British officers. Two-thirds of the soldiers were not residents of Singapore, and in any event the leaders of the nascent state had no faith in the strength of the minuscule army. The defense minister, Goh, contacted Mordechai Kidron, the former Israeli ambassador to Thailand, and asked for assistance. Kidron arrived in Singapore within days, along with Hezi Carmel of the Mossad. "Goh told us that they think that only Israel, a small country surrounded by Muslim countries, with a strong army, could help them build a small, dynamic army," Carmel says. The two Israelis met with Lee, who writes that he "told Keng Swee to put it on hold until Lal Bahadur Shastri, the prime minister of India, and President Nasser of Egypt replied to my letters seeking their urgent help to build up our armed forces."
It's not clear whether Lee, in fact, believed India and Egypt were capable of, or interested in, building up Singapore's army. Many Israelis believe the two leaders were approached only for appearance's sake. After a few weeks of waiting, India and Egypt congratulated Singapore on its independence but did not offer military aid. Lee ordered Goh to push ahead in contacts with the Israelis.
At the same time, in the wake of reports sent by Kidron and Carmel, the Israeli defense establishment deployed to supply military aid to Singapore. In discussions conducted by the chief of staff, Yitzhak Rabin, with the participation of the deputy chief of staff and head of the Operations Branch, Ezer Weizmann, it was decided to make Major General Rehavam Ze'evi, who was then deputy head of the Operations Branch, responsible for building the Singaporean army. Ze'evi (nicknamed "Gandhi" ) paid a secret visit to Singapore and the preparatory work began on his return. "Gandhi said he wanted to create an ideal army for Singapore, something we hadn't built here," Carmel says. "Instead of setting up a Defense Ministry and a General Staff, Gandhi suggested an integrated organization, a more economical structure. So there wouldn't be too many generals and too few soldiers."
Ze'evi appointed Elazari, who worked under him in the Operations Branch, as head of the team he established. Lieutenant Colonel Yehuda Golan, then-commander of an armored division (he retired from the IDF with the rank of brigadier general), was subsequently added to the team. Some members of the team "concentrated on writing the chapters that dealt with building army bases. I wrote the chapters dealing with the establishment of an infantry," Golan says. Initially they produced the "Brown Book," dealing with combat doctrine, followed by the "Blue Book," dealing with the creation of the Defense Ministry and intelligence bodies. The Brown Book was translated into English and sent to Singapore's government for its perusal. In October 1965, a military delegation from Singapore arrived in Israel.
"The delegation arrived in order to tell us: `Well done, but to implement the book, you are invited to come to Singapore,'" Golan recalls. Prior to setting out, the members of the military mission were invited to the chief of staff's bureau. "Dear friends," Rabin said, "I want you to remember several things. One, we are not going to turn Singapore into an Israeli colony. Your task is to teach them the military profession, to put them on their legs so they can run their own army. Your success will be if at a certain stage they will be able to take the wheel and run the army by themselves. Second, you are not going there in order to command them but to advise them. And third, you are not arms merchants. When you recommend items to procure, use the purest professional military judgment. I want total disregard of their decision as to whether to buy here or elsewhere."
Wake-up at 5:30
On December 24, 1965, about five months after Singapore became an independent state, six IDF officers and their families set out on an unknown mission. "Elazari and two other officers dealt with the establishment of the Defense Ministry," Golan relates. "My task, along with three other officers, was to establish the army."
Elazari operated according to a number of basic principles, from which the original Israeli team and those who followed did not deviate. The first was to build up a cadre of local commanders and instructors. The second was that the instructional material would be written by the cadets who would be trained as officers. And the third was that practical training would be conducted by Singaporean instructors.
"We wanted to recruit a group of 40-50 people who had some sort of military experience and would be ready to serve in a career army," Golan explains. "We organized things so that they would appoint one of their number to serve as commander. As head of the group, the cadets chose someone of Indian origin named Kirpa Ram Vij, who would eventually become chief of staff of the Singapore Armed Forces. For three months we gave an intensified officers course."
The first course had an IDF format: wake-up at 5:30 A.M., calisthenics, personal arrangements, parade. Training began at 7:30 A.M. and went until 1 A.M. "After a few days of training a group of cadets showed up and said, `Colonel Golan, the Arabs aren't sitting on our heads here. What do we need this madness for?' I called Elazari and explained the situation. He arrived a few days later with Defense Minister Dr. Goh, who told the cadets, `Do what Colonel Golan tells you to do, otherwise you will do double.'"
Parallel to conducting the course, the Israeli team supervised the establishment of the first military base, based on plans of the Israeli Engineering Corps. Construction of the base was completed in three months.
In under a year, the Israeli team conducted a course for new recruits, a platoon commanders course and an officers course, on the basis of plans that were sent from Israel. All told, about 200 commanders were trained.
Jobless instead of soldiers
Once the staff of commanders was ready, it was possible to start creating the standing army on the basis of conscription. The Israelis prepared to establish two more infantry regiments, according to the IDF model, with each regiment consisting of three companies of riflemen, an auxiliary company and an administrative company - a total of 600 soldiers. Lieutenant Colonel Moshe Shefi, who was an instructor in a company commanders course, was sent as an adviser. "We discovered that there was psychological resistance to conscription in Singapore," he relates. "Of 10 professions, that of soldier was ranked last. In first place was the artist, followed by the philosopher, the teacher and the merchant, and the thief was in ninth place. Soldiering was considered a contemptible profession. In Singapore, conscription was considered a means to overcome unemployment."
The Israelis faced a problem. To evade service, most of the young men of draft age (18-24) who were of Chinese origin furnished proof that they were employed. Some 70 percent of the inductees were unemployed and of Malaysian origin - the opposite of their proportion within the population. Elazari and Golan complained to Lee and Goh, but the prime minister was undeterred. "I want you to recruit the most primitive people in the country, the uneducated and the jobless," he told them. Stunned, the Israelis tried to persuade him to reconsider, but he was adamant: "In the Second World War, I saw the Japanese and the British. All the British soldiers were intelligent and educated. But as soldiers they were worthless. The most primitive Japanese soldier gets an order and executes it, and they were extraordinary soldiers. The fact is that the Japanese army defeated the British army."
Golan says, "Yaakov and I tried to explain to him that it's not a question of education but of motivation. The Japanese soldier was motivated because he was fighting for his emperor, who for him was God. For him, he was ready to sacrifice his life. What motivation did the British soldier have, who fought thousands of kilometers from his home?" The explanations about the spirit of combat and about how to generate motivation persuaded Lee.
Along with the two tracks of compulsory service and career army, Singapore also adopted the IDF's model of reserve service. Every soldier who completed his regular service was obligated to serve another 13 years, until the age of 33. A system to mobilize the reserves was established and the Defense Ministry carried out surprise call-up exercises. Because of its small size and its lack of areas for live-fire training, Singapore had to establish training bases in friendly neighboring countries.
Surprise tanks
The unquiet in Singapore, and above all the fear of an invasion by Malay forces, together with the rapid development of the Singaporean army, generated additional needs. With the creation of the infantry, the Israeli team made an in-depth study of the battles fought by the Japanese in Southeast Asia during World War II and of how they succeeded in invading Malaysia and Singapore. Shefi was given the task of delivering a talk on the subject to Singapore's government.
On the basis of the lessons the Israelis drew from the engagements fought by Japan and Britain, they created a naval force based on sampans. "The boats were made of wood and could carry 10 to 15 soldiers, and they were appropriate for the conditions of the sea and for the jungle rivers," Golan says. "On a stormy sea they can be operated with oars or a motor. We asked the Singaporeans to purchase 20 boats and we set up a small base where infantry companies trained in raids and navigation."
Retired Colonel Asher Dar says, "The second team that arrived in Singapore applied what Yehuda Golan did in the form of combat doctrine. We trained in flanking maneuvers with small boats and in live fire using artillery. When the head of the training department, Yitzhak Hofi, visited Singapore, we carried out a model landing of an infantry brigade that set sail in boats at night at a distance of 12 kilometers with the aid of shore navigation only."
The waiting period in Israel on the eve of the 1967 Six-Day War was a rough time for the Israeli team in Singapore. "We were relieved the Israelis were not defeated or our SAF [Singapore Armed Forces] would have lost confidence" in the Israeli instructors, Lee writes. In January 1968, Singapore decided to create an armored corps. In great secrecy, an agreement was signed for the purchase of 72 AMX-13 light tanks from IDF surplus. It was a bold decision: Malaysia, the country's large neighbor, didn't have tanks.
On Independence Day, August 9, 1969, a major surprise awaited the invited guests, including the defense minister of Malaysia: 30 tanks rolled past the reviewing stand. "It had a dramatic effect," Lee writes. Malaysia had cause for concern. Its defense minister recommended to his guests that they take steps to persuade the Malaysian government that its intentions were not hostile.
In the wake of the Israeli victory in 1967, the veil of secrecy over the ties between the two countries was lifted a bit. The Singapore delegate at the United Nations abstained in a vote on a resolution condemning Israel that was sponsored by the Arab states. Contacts began to establish full diplomatic relations. In October 1968, Lee permitted Israel to establish a trade mission and in May 1969 authorization was given for the establishment of an Israeli embassy in Singapore. The status of the Israeli military mission to Singapore was also strengthened, and the mission heads who followed held brigadier general rank. The first Israeli military delegation laid the foundations for an extensive network of relations between Israel and Singapore.
Foundations of the air force
The small Israeli team in Singapore was augmented by professional military advisers for the various corps. The chief armored corps officer, Major General Avraham Adan, arrived to give advice on procuring armored vehicles. In 1968, Adam Tzivoni, a retired colonel who had been head of the planning and weapons branch in the air force, was appointed adviser to the Singapore Armed Forces in regard to the creation of an air force.
"As compensation for the hasty departure of the British army, the British government gave Singapore a grant of 50 million pounds to acquire British-made aerial systems: planes, helicopters and surface-to-air missiles," Tzivoni relates. "The British didn't like me at all. My first task was to approve the deals. It turned out that the English tried to sell Singapore junk. Apart from a deal for Hunters, I vetoed all the deals."
Under Tzivoni's supervision, a flight school was established in Singapore, as well as a technical school, a squadron of Alouette 3 helicopters was purchased and 40 mm anti-aircraft guns were acquired.
Uzis and Israeli marching songs
After the creation of the Singaporean army's infantry regiments, the question arose of what weapons the nascent armed forces would use. The commanding officers wanted the Uzi, the Israeli submachine gun. The Israeli team took an objective view and rejected the idea. True, the Uzi was considered a superb weapon in the 1960s, but only for short ranges. A regular army needs an assault rifle, the Israeli team asserted. Representatives of Israel Military Industries exerted pressure on the Defense Ministry to sell the new Galil assault rifle. However, the team decided that the rifle wasn't yet full ready and recommended the American M-16.
Another major headache for the Israelis concerned the decision about which mortars to procure for the new army. Infantry regiments are equipped with 60 - 52 mm and 18 mm mortars. The weapons, which were developed and manufactured by the Soltam company, based in the town of Yokne'am, were sold to the Israel Defense Forces and exported worldwide. "Even though we thought these were the best mortars, we decided not to recommend them but to make use of an independent source in order to reach a decision," says Yehuda Golan, a member of the team sent to Singapore.
The Israeli team asked a British firm that dealt in organization and consultation on military subjects to examine a series of mortars and recommend the best one. The report stated that the best of the lot was an 18 mm mortar manufactured in Britain. However, considering the price, the recommendation was to buy the Soltam product. The Singapore Armed Forces acquired the Israeli mortar.
"The Israelis emphasized military skills and high motivation. Smartness on parade and military tattoo, the SAF [Singapore Armed Forces] never learned from the `Mexicans.' Whatever smartness the SAF had" derived from the British officers who commanded the army's first two regiments, Lee writes.
"Our motto was that we would not stick our nose into what the Singaporeans could do themselves," Golan notes. "They wanted us to organize the Independence Day parade for them. We argued that a state military parade reflects the country's mentality and its history." The Singaporeans didn't make an issue of it. However, they had a problem that demanded an immediate solution - which marches to play as the soldiers marched in unison. The head of the Israeli mission, Yaakov Elazari, brought notes from Israel and the Singapore army strode to Israeli marching songs.
The jungle combat manual
The Singaporeans took the Israelis by surprise when they insisted on getting a course on jungle combat. Singapore has a tiny natural jungle of no more than five or six square kilometers, but the neighboring states have larger jungles. Yehuda Golan: "I told them they were right but that I wasn't the right guy, because I knew nothing about jungles." Nevertheless, the Israeli team began to find out how to cope with the subject. It was decided to send two Singapore officers as guests of the Malaysian army for a course on jungle combat.
"Three months later, the two officers returned with the knowledge they acquired in Malaysia, and we decided to conduct a course in jungle combat," Golan continues. "Out of curiosity, I decided to join. It looked very bad - it was clear that they had taught them British methods from the Second World War period. I decided to take a group of 10 officers. We entered the jungle and started to engage in war games. We trained in navigation, deploying forces, search and assault. We went through the American training manuals on combat in Vietnam. We developed methods of night navigation. We learned how to function with a fighting company in the dense undergrowth. After a few weeks of training, I wrote the training manual of the Singapore Armed Forces for jungle combat."
Head of the delegation Yaakov Elazari (second from right), Yehuda Golan (left), and Chief of Staff Yitzhak Rabin (second from left) in Singapore, 1967. Before the trip Rabin clarified: "We are not going to make Singapore an Israeli colony."
(Haaretz Archive )
Exclusive: Iran Hijacked US drone, Says Iranian En...
FULL LUNAR ECLIPSES : 10 DECEMBER 2011 / GERHANA B...
A deep, dark, secret love affair - Singapore And I...


text:
>> AnnArborObserver.com >> Articles >> Culture
Photo © Courtesy Demo Rinpoche
Sundays at Jewel Heart
Cross-cultural Buddhism
by Frances Kai-Hwa Wang
From the January, 2021 issue
When discussing how one can lose one's way in samsara-the endless cycle of life, death, and rebirth-Demo Rinpoche talks about getting lost in an Ann Arbor roundabout. You do not get everything you want in this world, explains the resident spiritual adviser of Jewel Heart International, "otherwise you would be in heaven."
Buddhist practices aim to end this cycle by overcoming desires, ignorance, and suffering to reach the transcendent state of nirvana. But you also have to work for it, Rinpoche says, and you may experience some discomfort-don't be like his childhood friend who really wanted to become a doctor so that he could ride in a helicopter, but who failed to study, ever.
Rinpoche's Sunday dharma talks deftly weave together Tibetan Buddhist teachings with everyday life in Ann Arbor, an international perspective, and a charming humor (sometimes he even gets the giggles). Even for those who are not Buddhist, these Sunday talks can be a soothing salve.
While discussing the fear of loneliness during the pandemic, Rinpoche clarifies that being alone at home is not the same as having no one. There are many Tibetan practitioners who go away on retreat alone for three years and do not feel lonely. He connects the principle of compassion to the happiness that comes from protecting others by wearing a mask and the principle of care with the way we wait while Canada geese walk, ever so slowly, across the road. Stories about RBG, comedians, celebrities, recycling, iPhones, and his tiny dog with anger problems also help make big concepts tangible and difficult subjects manageable.
When Covid-19 came to Michigan, Jewel Heart, the Tibetan Buddhist center on Oak Valley Drive, moved its Sunday services completely online. Each talk is preceded by a guided meditation and followed by a facilitated group discussion based on the morning's talk. Production quality is great- Jewel Heart has been recording and broadcasting talks for years (there's an archive on its YouTube channel).
Demo Rinpoche was educated at
Drepung Loseling Monastery and Gelugpa University in India and Union Theological Seminary in New York City. He came to the United States at the request of Gelek Rimpoche, the founder of Jewel Heart, who died in 2017. (Rinpoche and Rimpoche are alternate transliterations of an honorific meaning "precious one.")
When sharing a Tibetan teaching to not expect that you will be able to recognize a bad friend by the horns on his head, he says, "like Hellboy." He talks about reading Indian storybooks as a boy which featured epic battles between gods and demigods, and the demigods were always drawn with horns and scary faces, so they were obviously the bad guys. Instead, a bad friend could look very much like him during his monastery days-he used to torture his friends during the World Cup by telling them the score before they had a chance to see the game.
Jewel Heart's Sunday dharma talks are webcast via Zoom every Sunday at 11 a.m. Free, but preregistration is required at jewelheart.org.
Arts and Entertainment reviews and news.
Sixth-Grade Baker Competes in National Baking Show
Nemo Tsai's pandemic baking hobby earns him fame and a chance at $25,000.
Feeding Frances McDormand
Nomadland's Frog Holler connections
Vinyl Nation
An Ann Arbor native has emerged as the chronicler of the vinyl-record revival.
Zooming Poverty
Real-world perspectives on solutions
more culture articles: 1 l 2 l 3 ... 102 >

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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NOWCAST 40/29 News at 6pm Saturday Evening
Man Charged In Lowell Police Chief's Fatal Crash
Updated: 7:53 AM CDT May 31, 2012
Jimmy John Christo Jr. has been charged with DUI manslaughter in connection with the death of Lowell Police Chief Joe Landers.Police said Christo pulled out in front of Landers during a motorcycle rally in Panama City Beach.In early May, Lowell Mayor Eldon Long announced Police Chief Joe Landers had died from injuries suffered in a motorcycle crash the week prior.The family announced Landers died surrounded by family. Family members said he died peacefully and comfortably.Authorities said that Landers was riding with a group of bikers that was behind at a red light when a driver pulled in front of Landers without signaling, causing Landers to hit the vehicle, and go over the handlebars to the ground.Sgt. Paul Pillaro said that Cristo, 52, was the driver of the Nissan Maxima that pulled out in front of Landers.Deputies said Cristo fled the scene but was caught by authorities a short time later. The Florida Highway Patrol arrested Cristo and charged him with fleeing the scene of a critical injury accident, possession of marijuana, possession of drug paraphernalia and other traffic violations.Pillaro said, "From speaking to the trooper, the gentleman pretty much confessed to drinking -- confessed to causing the accident -- confessed to leaving the scene."
LOWELL, Ark. —
Jimmy John Christo Jr. has been charged with DUI manslaughter in connection with the death of Lowell Police Chief Joe Landers.
Police said Christo pulled out in front of Landers during a motorcycle rally in Panama City Beach.
In early May, Lowell Mayor Eldon Long announced Police Chief Joe Landers had died from injuries suffered in a motorcycle crash the week prior.
The family announced Landers died surrounded by family. Family members said he died peacefully and comfortably.
Authorities said that Landers was riding with a group of bikers that was behind at a red light when a driver pulled in front of Landers without signaling, causing Landers to hit the vehicle, and go over the handlebars to the ground.
Sgt. Paul Pillaro said that Cristo, 52, was the driver of the Nissan Maxima that pulled out in front of Landers.
Deputies said Cristo fled the scene but was caught by authorities a short time later. The Florida Highway Patrol arrested Cristo and charged him with fleeing the scene of a critical injury accident, possession of marijuana, possession of drug paraphernalia and other traffic violations.
Pillaro said, "From speaking to the trooper, the gentleman pretty much confessed to drinking -- confessed to causing the accident -- confessed to leaving the scene."


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Motive Area Light
Images + Details + Tools | See more from the Motive line
Motive Lighting
Justin Champaign.
About Justin Champaign
Motive lighting designer Justin Champaign and his grandfather shared a passion for automobiles, which led to industrial design studies in transportation design at the Academy of Art. But a summer job introduced him to furniture design, and he transferred to the California College of Art to study furniture design. A Design Within Reach-sponsored course, led by industrial designer Brian Kane, exposed Champaign to the contract furniture market, and things clicked. The relationship with Kane led to a job at contract furniture manufacturer Metro, part of the Steelcase portfolio. Metro evolved into Coalesse, and Champaign became its first industrial designer, involved in all aspects of the business, including brand development. Champaign's interests turned to power, which he saw as an essential component to furniture but lacking the thoughtfulness it deserved. This interest took Champaign to Pablo Lighting, where he worked at the intersection of craft and technology, designing one of the first lighting and USB charging products on the market.
Motive is a sophisticated family of lights that blurs the line between indoor and outdoor lighting to create out-of-the-ordinary settings. Designed by Justin Champaign, Motive celebrates the beauty of illumination and its interaction with architecture, objects, and space. The luminaires' neutral sculptural form addresses an array of applications for buildings and grounds, pathways, social spaces, and high-profile areas such as art installations and entrances.
Area lights are available with a clear or diffused lens. The clear lens has lambertian distribution, and the diffused lens has Type 4 and Type 5 distributions. Poles are 10'-high and 12'-high and taper from 4" at the base to 3" at the top. The fixture is 18" in diameter. The dimmable light is offered in 2700K, 3000K, 3500K, and 4000K temperatures, and is UL listed. The cast aluminum light is available in a full color palette and finished with Landscape Forms' proprietary Pangard II® HAPS, VOC, and lead-free polyester powdercoat. An optional 7-pin connector is available. This product is Buy America Compliant and is International Dark-Sky Approved.
Single Mount
10 ft | 3.1m Pole
IES File


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HCA Healthcare announces $1.5 million donation to Fisk University
4 months ago HBCU Staff
HCA Healthcare Today
[NASHVILLE, TN, October 11] – Today, HCA Healthcare announced that it will give $1.5 million to Fisk University to support scholarships for students pursuing a degree in nursing. This gift is part of the organization's larger commitment to give $10 million over three years to Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs) and Hispanic Serving Institutions (HSIs). HCA Healthcare has now announced approximately $6.75 million to multiple colleges and universities towards that commitment.
"We are proud to partner with Fisk University as we work to build a diverse pipeline of healthcare professionals," said Sam Hazen, chief executive officer for HCA Healthcare. "It is our hope that this latest investment provides more students with the opportunity to find fulfilling careers in nursing."
This gift will provide scholarships over four years for Fisk health science and nursing students interested in pursuing the Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN) program at Galen College of Nursing.
In 2021, Galen College of Nursing, a subsidiary of HCA Healthcare, announced an agreement to create a new pathway in nursing for Fisk students. The agreement allows for Fisk degree coursework credits to transfer to Galen College of Nursing so that students may go directly into Galen's BSN program, allowing them to complete the program in as little as two years. This new investment from HCA Healthcare is designed to help support students in the nursing pathway by providing hands-on shadowing opportunities, mentors, seminars, leadership sessions and career guidance to scholars. The gift will also help support the implementation of the program by funding additional faculty support at Fisk.
"We are excited to announce our expanded partnership with Fisk University to support more students pursuing nursing careers. The commitment to advancing diversity in healthcare is a top priority for HCA Healthcare, and we are proud to work closely with Fisk University to help develop the next generation of nurses."
-Sherri Neal, Chief Diversity Officer of HCA HealthCare
In 2019, HCA Healthcare partnered with Fisk to create the HCA Healthcare Scholars at Fisk University program to provide scholarships, career planning support and internship opportunities for high-achieving undergraduates. Through the program, HCA Healthcare committed $1 million in scholarship funding to support students studying in a variety of academic areas, including business, computer science, biology and psychology. To date, HCA Healthcare has supported many Fisk University students through the program, including a few who are current HCA Healthcare colleagues.
"This partnership between Fisk University and HCA Healthcare marks the latest stage in our long-term relationship around students pursuing exciting careers in the healthcare industry. HCA Healthcare remains Fisk's largest Nashville partner, and many students are eager to begin their professional lives right here in Nashville."
-Frank Sims, Acting President of Fisk University
"The Fisk and HCA Healthcare/Galen partnership adds a whole new dimension for Fisk students interested in nursing. For years, we have heard from students looking for a top nursing program and now with this partnership, Fisk University is able to deliver a pathway of the highest quality for the next generation of nursing leaders," said Jens Frederiksen, executive vice president of Fisk University.
HCA Healthcare has a history of strategically partnering with organizations to build a diverse healthcare workforce. Earlier this month, HCA Healthcare gave $1.5 million to Tennessee State University to create scholarship opportunities for undergraduate and graduate school students pursuing careers in healthcare and computer science. The company also recently gave $750,000 to The University of Texas at El Paso to create multiple graduate-degree opportunities for students interested in healthcare careers. $1.5 million was given to Florida International University's (FIU) Nicole Wertheim College of Nursing & Health Sciences (NWCNHS) to expand its faculty, offer scholarships to increase enrollment and help address the national nursing shortage. In 2021, HCA Healthcare announced a $1.5 million investment in Florida A&M University's (FAMU) School of Allied Health Sciences to strengthen students' pathways from undergraduate to graduate to management careers in the healthcare industry.
These partnerships and others with industry- and school-based associations are part of HCA Healthcare's continued efforts to strengthen the diversity of the organization's talent pipeline.
Tags: FAMU, Fisk University, Frank Sims, Galen College Of Nursing, hbcu, HBCU Students, HCA healthcare, Nursing, Tennessee State University
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If you've never enjoyed the benefits of cooking with traditional pre-seasoned cast iron, this casserole dish makes a great place to start! Cast iron has been used in the kitchen - and over open fires - for hundreds of years. It reliably retains and radiates heat evenly, making it ideal for long, slow cooking of casseroles and stews.
This casserole accommodates 4.7 litres of contents, making it the ideal size if you're preparing dinner for friends and family. It has a snug-fitting domed lid to keep precious flavours in the pot and a flat bottom so can use it on the hob, as well as in the oven.
It is suitable for all types of heat source, including gas, electric, ceramic/halogen and induction hobs.
The cooking surface is seasoned by baking vegetable oil on to the surface at a very high temperature, creating an easy-release surface, without the need for any chemical coating.
The heat treatment encourages the oil to penetrate into the pores of the iron to give it non-stick properties without the health worries associated with some chemicals.
Cooking with a casserole is a great way to make a healthy and nourishing meal without being tied to the stove. You can brown ingredients in the pan on the hob, before adding stock and moving to the oven to finish off cooking long and slow.
RE-SEASONING: Ensure you re-season when thoroughly clean ready for next use. Coat the cookware including the lid (if applicable) with a thick layer of vegetable oil or shortening using a pastry brush or a cloth. The entire cookware surface must be coated with oil. Place the cookware in a preheated oven at 175°C/350°F for one hour. After one hour, turn off the oven and allow cookware to cool gradually. When the pan has cooled down-wipe away off any remaining oil with paper towels.
STOVETOP USE: Always use a small amount of cooking oil inside the pot/pan before each use. Always preheat your cast iron for increased non-stick performance.
VERSATILE - suitable for all types of heat source, including gas, electric, ceramic/halogen and induction hobs.
Large 3.8L working capacity dish - perfect for casseroles, soups, rice dishes, stews, bakes, roasts and more!
Despite the cooking time being 6-8 hours, the VonShef slow cooker can actually save you a ... Only negative were the 4 recipes included in the instruction book.


Existing literature has long been divided over whether the gaming world fosters violence and misogyny or provides a space for people to explore diverse identities. Not enough is known about how women experience videogames, especially the hypermasculine environment of first-person shooter (FPS) games. Competition, violence, and war, are dominant features of these games. The following thesis explores what harassment and discrimination women playing FPS games face, how they respond, and in what ways they find games to be empowering. A survey was distributed online to an international sample of 141 female FPS gamers. This research finds that women who play FPS games often feel empowered by playing (79.4%), even though a majority also experience forms of verbal harassment or discrimination (75.9%).
McDaniel, M Allison, "Women in Gaming: A Study of Female Players' Experiences in Online FPS Games" (2016). Honors Theses. 427.


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For more extensive information about diseases or conditions, visit Responding to a Diagnosis.
MedlinePlus Understanding Medical Words - A video tutorial to help families learn about medical words, from the National Library of Medicine.
GeneTests.org Glossary - Offers definitions, further links, and some case examples for most genetic terms. Aimed at health professionals, but may be very helpful for families also.
Medical Abbreviations Dictionary - A commercial site that offers definitions or explanations of over 200,000 health and pharmacy related abbreviations and acronyms.
Genetics Home Reference Glossary - An extensive list of genetic terms with definitions, compiled from other sources. Site is sponsored by the National Library of Medicine.
Dictionary of Cancer Terms - Offers over 4,000 definitions and explanations of cancer terms and offers searches by entering the first few letters of a term or letters that may be contained in the term. Site is sponsored by the the National Cancer Institute.
Human Genome Project Information - Offers definitions of terms from the field of genetics. Site is sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy.
National Human Genome Research Institute - Provides a talking glossary terms from the field of genetics for parents, students, teachers, and others without a scientific background. The glossary includes audio files, pronunciation, images, and links to more information. Site is sponsored by the National Institutes of Health.
Office of Rare Diseases - Offers definitions from glossaries prepared by government offices and university centers that research rare diseases. Site is sponsored by the National Institutes of Health.
Co-pay - The part or percentage of the bill your insurance provider expects you to pay.
Covered Benefits - The services, treatments and medications your insurance company will pay for.
Deductible - The amount of your medical expenses you must pay before your insurance company will begin paying for services.
Medicaid is a federal health care program for people with low incomes and limited assets.
Medicare is a federal health insurance program for people 65 or older, and for people who have been receiving Social Security disability benefits for two years.
Network Provider - A healthcare provider who is a member of your insurance plan.
Pre-certification or Pre-authorization - Advance acknowledgement from your insurance company that a service or procedure you have scheduled will be covered.
Pre-existing Condition - An injury or illness that existed prior to the effective date of your current insurance policy and therefore may not be fully covered.
Referral - A request from your primary care doctor for you to see another doctor or specialist.
Special Health Care Needs - The definition from the Maternal and Child Health Bureau (MCHB) is: Children with Special Health Care Needs are those who have or are at increased risk for a chronic physical, developmental, behavioral, or emotional condition and who also require health and related services of a type or amount beyond that required by children generally.
AAFP - American Academy of Family Physicians - A national medical organization of family physicians, family medicine residents, and medical students dedicated to providing high-quality, cost-effective health care for patients of all ages.
AAP - American Academy of Pediatrics - A national organization of pediatricians committed to the attainment of optimal physical, mental, and social health and well-being for all infants, children, adolescents and young adults.
ADHD - Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder - See one of the medical dictionaries above for a definition.
CCCS - Consolidated Credit Counseling Service - Provides certified financial counselors who help families examine their financial picture and overcome debt.
CHIP - Children's Health Insurance Program (CHIP) - This program enables states to insure children from working families with incomes too high to qualify for Medicaid, but too low to afford private health insurance.
CYSHCN or CSHCN - Children and Youth with Special Health Care Needs - Children and youth who have or are at increased risk for a chronic physical, developmental, behavioral, or emotional condition and who also require health and related services of a type or amount beyond that required by children generally. Also known as CYSHCN - Children and Youth with Special Health Care Needs.
EIF - Emergency Information Form - A current medical summary to inform emergency medical workers of your child's conditions, medication, and history.
EMS - Emergency Medical Services - Services including emergency transportation and medical attention.
HMO - Health maintenance organization - A type of health plan which requires you to use hospitals affiliated with and doctors employed by the HMO.
NT - Neuro-typical - A term often used to denote people who do not have special needs.
PPO - Preferred Provider Organization - A type of health insurance utilizing a network of providers from which you may choose and there is usually a co-payment for each visit.
SSI - Supplemental Security Income - From the SSI Application Process, benefits payable to disabled children under age 18 who have limited income and resources, or who come from homes with limited income and resources.
See the Diagnoses & Conditions section for definitions of specific conditions.
Advocacy - Advocacy means educating others about a need, small or large, in an effort to get help meeting that need.
Respite care - Respite care means temporary care provided for people with disabilities, enabling their families to take a short break from the routine of caregiving.
Questions? Visit the Feedback page to ask us about other terms or acronyms that you are having difficulty finding.
Genetics in Primary Care Institute (AAP)
Contains health supervision guidelines and other useful resources for the care of children with genetic disorders; American Academy of Pediatrics.
Initial publication: June 2008; last update/revision: November 2018
Current Authors and Reviewers:
Reviewers: Alfred N. Romeo, RN, PhD
Gina Pola-Money
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text:
Best Speech Communication and Rhetoric colleges in Hawaii
List all Speech Communication and Rhetoric colleges in Hawaii
Find local colleges with Speech Communication and Rhetoric majors in Hawaii
Best Speech Communication and Rhetoric colleges in Hawaii 2022
Speech Communication and Rhetoric
Best Speech Communication and Rhetoric colleges in Hawaii for 2022
University of Hawaii at Manoa offers 2 Speech Communication and Rhetoric degree programs. It's a large, public, four-year university in a large city. In 2019, 147 Speech Communication and Rhetoric students graduated with students earning 136 Bachelor's degrees, and 11 Master's degrees.
University of Hawaii at Hilo
Hilo, HI
University of Hawaii at Hilo offers 1 Speech Communication and Rhetoric degree programs. It's a small, public, four-year university in a remote town. In 2019, 60 Speech Communication and Rhetoric students graduated with students earning 60 Bachelor's degrees.
Chaminade University of Honolulu offers 1 Speech Communication and Rhetoric degree programs. It's a small, private not-for-profit, four-year university in a large city. In 2019, 9 Speech Communication and Rhetoric students graduated with students earning 9 Bachelor's degrees.
List of all Speech Communication and Rhetoric colleges in Hawaii
University of Hawaii at Manoa Honolulu, HI
University of Hawaii at Hilo Hilo, HI
Hawaii Pacific University Honolulu, HI
Honolulu Colleges


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va ser una artista de còmics estatunidenca, considerada una de les pioneres de la indústria del còmic nord-americana. Va ser inclosa al Saló de la Fama de Will Eisner i del Harvey Awards Hall of Fame.

Vida primerenca
Marie Severin va néixer a East Rockaway, Nova York, a Long Island,la segona i última filla de John Edward Severin, nascut a Oslo, Noruega, que va emigrar als Estats Units als 3 anys, i Marguerite (Powers) Severin, de Syracuse (Nova York), d'origen irlandès. El seu germà gran, John Severin, va néixer el 1922. La família es va mudar a Brooklyn, Nova York, quan Marie tenia 4. Va assistir a l'escola catòlica de nenes Bishop McDonnell Memorial High School. A causa del calendari esglaonat de l'escola secundària, la classe de Severin es va graduar el gener de 1948, enlloc d'a la meitat d'any que era el més habitual.

Severin va créixer en una llar d'artistes on el seu pare, un veterà de la Primera Guerra Mundial, es va convertir en dissenyador per a la companyia de moda Elizabeth Arden durant la dècada de 1930. En la seva adolescència, Severin va prendre el que va recordar com a "un parell de mesos" de classes de dibuixos i il·lustració i va assistir al Pratt Institute a Brooklyn "per un dia i va dir: 'Això és un col·legi', i volia dibuixar i guanyar diners". La seva primera feina va ser fer treball clerical per a una companyia d'assegurances al centre de Manhattan "durant un parell d'anys" mentre vivia a casa. Va continuar vivint allà després de la mort del seu pare.

Carrera
Severin estava treballant a Wall Street quan el seu germà John, llavors artista d'EC Comics, va necessitar una colorista per treballar allí. El primer treball conegut de Marie Severin en comic-books va ser el color per A Moon, a Girl ... Romance #9 (Oct. 1949) per EC Comics.

Ella contribuiria a acolorir tota la línia de la companyia, inclosos els seus còmics bèl·lics i la seva cèlebre, però notòriament gràfica còmics de terror, i també va treballar en el final de la producció de còmics, fent petits retocs a l'art. Quan EC va deixar de publicar a conseqüència de les audiències al Senat dels Estats Units sobre els efectes dels còmics sobre els nens i l'establiment del Comics Code, Severin va treballar breument per a la predecesor dels anys 1950 de Marvel Comics, Atlas Comics. Després d'una caiguda de la indústria cap al 1957, va marxar i va trobar feina al Banc de la Reserva Federal de Nova York. Ella va recordar el 2001: "Vaig fer una mica de tot per ells; vaig fer gràfics d'economia per a la televisió [i] vaig fer molts dibuixos. Vaig fer un còmic [educatiu] en el qual el meu germà va fer els acabats... sobre xecs".

El 1959 començà a treballar en el departament de producció Marvel Comics: quan la revista Esquire els encomanà una doble pàgina sobre «cultura de les drogues en la universitat», Severin rebé l'encàrrec perquè l'encarregat, Sol Brodsky, no volia que l'estrella de l'editorial, Jack Kirby, deixés de fer la seva feina. La seva il·lustració per a la revista va portar a l'editor en cap de Marvel Stan Lee a assignar-li el serial "Doctor Strange" dins la revista "Strange Tales", en substitució de Bill Everett, que va succeir el creador del personatge Steve Ditko. Amb Lee, Severin va crear l'entitat còsmica fictícia del Living Tribunal (Tribunal Vivent) a Strange Tales # 157 (data de portada juny de 1967).

Severin va ser la cap de coloristes de Marvel fins al 1972, moment en el qual va traspassar la majoria de les seves tasques de color a George Roussos per tal de poder fer més dibuix a llapis. En aquella època la feina de colorista era semblada al que actualment seria un separador de color: el colorista barrejava els colors primaris amb colorants solubles en aigua i els pintava sobre una impressió del còmic en tintes en blanc i negre per fer una guia indicant els percentatges de cada color pel separador de la planta d'impressió. Va continuar expandint el seu treball des de colorista per fer llapis i entintat, i de tant en tant també retolació, en diversos títols. Va dibuixar històries de Sub-Mariner i Hulk, i les portades o interiors de títols inclosos Iron Man, Conan the Barbarian, Kull the Conqueror, aquesta amb el seu germà com entintador, The Cat, i Daredevil. A més, va treballar en la revista d'humor satíric de Marvel Crazy Magazine, així com en el còmic d'auto-paròdia de la companyia, Not Brand Echh.

El 1976, Severin va cocrear Spider-Woman, dissenyant el seu vestit original. Va cocrear Doctor Bong l'enemic de Howard the Duck el 1977. Dos anys més tard va proveir l'art per una història de Spider-Man i Hulk per decorar paper de vàter.

A la dècada de 1980 va ser assignada a la divisió de projectes especials de Marvel, que gestionava les llicències no còmiques. Va ajudar a dissenyar maquetes i joguines de pel·lícules i productes de televisió i va treballar en l'empremta de Marvel Books de llibres per pintar i adhesius. Durant aquest temps també va dibuixar els còmics de Fraggle Rock i Muppet Babies per la impremta Star Comics de Marvel.

Durant la dècada següent, Severin va dibuixar la "Impossible Tale" dels "Li'l Soulsearchers" al número # 31 (agost de 1998) del còmic humorístic de superherois de Claypool Comics Soulsearchers and Company, encarregat pel veterà Jim Mooney; i va entintar el llapis de Dave Cockrum al número 43 (juliol de 2000). També va entintar els llapis de Richard Howell a la història "Favor on the Month" a Elvira # 144 (abril de 2005).

Severin es va retirar algun temps després, però va continuar fent aportacions puntuals fins mitjans dels anys 2000 , com ara recolorant moltes de les històries de còmics reimpreses als llibres retrospectius B. Krigstein i B. Krigstein Comics. El primer va guanyar els premis de la indústria del còmic Harvey i Eisner el 2003.

Retirada i mort
El 2007, va tenir un infart miocardíac que la va obligar a retirar-se del món dels còmics a Huntington, a l'Estat de Nova York. Va morir el 29 d'agost de 2018 als 89 anys d'un infart.

Còmics
Fonts:

Atlas Comics
 Astonishing nº54 (artista) (1956)
 Tales of Justice nº55 (artista) (1957)
 Uncanny Tales nº54 (artista) (1957)
 World of Mystery nº3, 7 (artista) (1956–1957)

Claypool Comics
 Elvira: Mistress of the Dark nº144 (entintadora) (2005)
 Soulsearchers and Company nº31 (dibuixant a llapis), nº43 (entintadora) (1998–2000)

DC Comics
 9-11: The World's Finest Comic Book Writers & Artists Tell Stories to Remember, Volume Two (artista/colorista) (2002)
 Batman Black and White, vol. 2, HC (artista, entre altres) (2002)
 Bizarro Comics HC (entintador/colorista) (2001)
 Fanboy nº4 (artista) (1999)
 L.A.W. (Living Assault Weapons) nº6 (colorista) (2000)
 Looney Tunes nº100 (artista) (2003)
 Pinky and the Brain nº27 (colorista) (1998)
 Supergirl Plus nº1 (colorista) (1997)
 Superman Adventures nº1–12, 14, 22–38, 40–66 (colorista) (1996–2002)

Paradox Press
 The Big Book of... Volum 9, 11–14, 17 (artista) (1997–2000)

Dark Horse Comics
 Harlan Ellison's Dream Corridor Quarterly nº1 (colorista) (1996)
 Michael Chabon Presents the Amazing Adventures of the Escapist nº5 (artista) (2005)

EC Comics

 A Moon, a Girl... Romance nº9 (colorista) (1949)
 Aces High nº1–5 (colorista) (1955)
 Crime SuspenStories nº17–20, 22–27 (artista/colorista) (1953–1955)
 Extra! nº1–5 (colorista) (1955)
 Frontline Combat nº5 (colorista) (1952)
 The Haunt of Fear nº1, 14–17 (colorista) (1950–1953)
 Impact nº1–5 (colorista) (1955)
 Incredible Science Fiction nº30–33 (colorista) (1955–1956)
 Piracy nº1–7 (colorista) (1954–1955)
 Shock SuspenStories nº6, 9–14, 18 (artista/colorista) (1952–1954)
 Valor nº2–3 (colorista) (1955)
 The Vault of Horror nº16, 34 (colorista) (1950–1954)
 Weird Fantasy nº6–12, 14–16 (colorista) (1951–1952)
 Weird Science-Fantasy nº24, 27, 29 (artista/colorista) (1954–1955)

Gladstone
 Mickey Mouse nº219 (colorista) (1986)

GT Labs
 Dignifying Science OGN (dibuixant a llapis) (1999)

Marvel Comics

 2001: A Space Odyssey Marvel Treasury Special nº1 (colorista) (1976)
 2099 Unlimited nº1, 3 (colorist), nº6 (artista/colorista) (1993–1994)
 Alf nº1–18, 20–38, 40–50, Annual nº1–3, Holiday Special nº1–2, Spring Special nº1 (entintadora/colorista) (1988–1992)
 Amazing Adventures nº16 (dibuixant a llapis) (1973)
 Amazing High Adventure nº1, 3–4 (colorista) (1984–1986)
 The Amazing Spider-Man nº186 (colorista), Annual nº5 (guionista/dibuixant a llapis) (1968–1978)
 Astonishing Tales nº20 (dibuixant a llapis/colorista) (1973)
 The A-Team nº1 (dibuixant a llapis/colorista) (1984)
 Battlestar Galactica nº3 (colorista) (1979)
 Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey nº1 (entintadora) (1991)
 Bill & Ted's Excellent Comic Book nº4–12 (entintadora) (1992)
 Captain America vol.1 nº440 (entintadora) (1995)
 Captain Britain nº1–2, 4–7, 10, 15–16 (colorista) (1976–1977)
 Casper nº1 (entintadora) (1995)
 Cat nº1–2 (dibuixant a llapis/colorista) (1972–1973)
 Chamber of Darkness nº2 (dibuixant a llapis) (1969)
 Conan the Barbarian nº10 (dibuixant a llapis), nº69, 72 (colorista) (1971–1977)
 Conan the King nº20 (entintadora) (1984)
 Conan the Reaver GN (colorista) (1987)
 Coneheads nº1–4 (entintadora) (1994)
 Crazy Magazine nº11, 69, 75, 78–79 (artista) (1975–1981)
 Creatures on the Loose nº10 (colorista), nº14 (dibuixant a llapis) (1971)
 Damage Control vol. 2 nº4 (entintadora) (1990)
 The Deep nº1 (colorista) (1977)
 Defenders nº53 (colorista), nº127 (guionista/artista) (1977–1984)
 Doc Savage nº4 (dibuixant a llapis) (1976)
 Doctor Strange vol. 2 nº20, 31 (colorista) (1976–1978)
 Doctor Strange, Sorcerer Supreme nº78–79 (dibuixant a llapis) (1995)
 Droids nº1, 6 (colorista) (1986–1987)
 Epic Battles of the Civil War Volum 1–4 (colorista) (1998)
 Epic Illustrated nº9, 11, 13 (entintadora), nº12 (rotuladora), nº15–20 (colorista) (1981–1983)
 Ewoks nº1–2 (entintadora/colorista) (1985)
 Fallen Angels nº3 (dibuixant a llapis) (1977)
 Fantastic Four nº177 (colorista) (1976)
 Fraggle Rock nº1–8 (artista/ colorista) (1985–1986)
 Francis, Brother of the Universe nº1 (entintadora/colorista) (1980)
 G.I. Joe: A Real American Hero nº28 (dibuixant a llapis) (1984)
 Giant-Size Chillers nº3 (artista) (1975)
 Heathcliff nº53 (artista) (1990)
 Heroes for Hope Starring the X-Men nº1 (colorista) (1985)
 Howard the Duck nº7 (colorista) (1976)
 Hugga Bunch nº2 (colorista) (1986)
 The Hulk nº15 (colorista) (1979)
 Human Fly nº1 (colorista) (1977)
 The Incredible Hulk vol.2 nº102–105, Annual nº1 (dibuixant a llapis), nº190, 354, 358–367 (entintadora) (1968–1990)
 Invaders nº14 (colorista) (1977)
 Iron Fist nº13 (colorista) (1977)
 Iron Man nº82–83, 85 (entintadora), nº108 (colorista) (1976–1978)
 Kickers, Inc. nº2 (colorista) (1986)
 Kid 'n Play nº6 (entintadora) (1992)
 King Arthur and the Knights of Justice nº1–3 (entintadora) (1993–1994)
 Kull the Conqueror nº2–10 (dibuixant a llapis) (1971–1973)
 Kull the Conqueror vol. 2 nº1, 7, 9 (colorista) (1982–1985)
 Kull the Destroyer nº18, 20–21 (colorista) (1976–1977)
 The Life of Pope John Paul II nº1 (colorista) (1983)
 Logan's Run nº1, 3 (colorista) (1977)
 Marvel Comics Super Special nº1–3, 9, 15, 22–23 (colorista), nº20 (dibuixant a llapis/colorista) (1978–1982)
 Marvel Holiday Special nº3 (artista) (1994)
 Marvel Premiere nº50 (colorista) (1979)
 Marvel Spotlight nº12 (colorista) (1973)
 Marvel Super-Heroes vol. 2 nº12 (dibuixant a llapis) (1993)
 Marvel Team-Up nº74 (entintadora/colorista) (1978)
 Marvel Treasury Edition nº12, 24 (colorista) (1976–1980)
 Marvel Two-in-One nº23 (dibuixant a llapis) (1977)
 Midnight Sons Unlimited nº6–7 (artista/colorista) (1994)
 Mighty Mouse nº1–10 (entintadora) (1990–1991)
 Misty nº1–3 (colorista) (1985–1986)
 Monsters on the Prowl nº16 (entintadora) (1972)
 Moon Knight Special nº1 (artista/colorista) (1992)
 Ms. Marvel nº1 (colorista) (1977)
 Muppet Babies nº1, 3–13, 15–16 (artista/colorista) (1985–1987)
 New Warriors Annual nº1 (entintadora) (1991)
 Not Brand Echh nº1–9, 11–13 (artista) (1967)
 Nova nº6, 11 (colorista) (1977)
 Official Handbook of the Marvel Universe nº3, 14 (dibuixant a llapis) (1983–1984)
 Pizzazz nº5, 9–13, 15 (còmic de Star Wars) (colorista) (1978)
 Power Man nº35 (dibuixant a llapis) (1976)
 Power Man and Iron Fist nº60 (dibuixant a llapis/colorista) (1979)
 Psi-Force nº3 (colorista) (1987)
 Punisher 2099 nº7–8, 12 (colorista) (1993–1994)
 Rawhide Kid, vol. 2, nº1 (colorista) (1985)
 Red Sonja vol. 3 nº8 (entintadora) (1985)
 The Ren & Stimpy Show nº9 (entintadora) (1993)
 Royal Roy nº1 (colorista) (1985)
 Sergio Aragonés Massacres Marvel nº1 (entintadora) (1996)
 The Smurfs nº1 (entintadora) (1982)
 The Spectacular Spider-Man nº8 (colorista), nº45, 47–48, 51, 54, Annual nº3, 11 (artista) (1977–1991)
 Spider-Man and the Dallas Cowboys Suplement del diumenge (guionista/dibuixant a llapis) (1983)
 Spider-Man: Christmas in Dallas one-shot promocional (colorista) (1983)
 Spoof nº1–5 (1970–1973)
 Star Team one-shot promocional (colorista) (1977)
 Star Trek nº13 (entintadora) (1981)
 Star Wars nº1, 17 (colorista) (1977–1978)
 Strange Tales nº153–160 (artista) (1967)
 Sub-Mariner nº9, 12–19, 21–23, 44–45 (dibuixant a llapis/colorista) (1969–1972)
 Supernatural Thrillers nº1 (dibuixant a llapis) (1972)
 Tales of Suspense nº73 (colorista) (1966)
 Tales to Astonish nº92–101 (dibuixant a llapis) (1967–1968)
 Tarzan nº1–2 (colorista) (1977)
 Thor nº253, 287 (colorista), 306, 308 (entintadora) (1976–1981)
 Thundercats nº13–16 (colorista) (1987)
 The Tomb of Dracula nº58, 60 (colorista) (1977)
 Toxic Crusaders nº1, 3, 6–7 (entintadora) (1992)
 Transformers: Generation 2 nº1–4 (entintadora) (1993–1994)
 Web of Spider-Man nº27 (colorista) (1987)
 What If... ? vol. 2 nº17 (entintadora) (1990)
 What The--?! nº1, 16, 18, 21, 25–26 (artista/colorista) (1988–1993)

Premis
 1974 et 1975 : Premi Shazam a la millor dibuixant humorística
 1975 : Premi Shazam a la millor història humorística (amb Marv Wolfman) per «Kaspar the Dead Baby», a Crazy n°8
 1988 : Inkpot Award
 2001 : Saló de la Fama de Will Eisner
 2002 : premi Haxtur a l'«Autor que Amamos», pel conjunt de la seva carrera
Posthume
 2019 : Inkwell Award especial Stacey Aragon, per tota la seva obra.

Referències

Bibliografia

Dibuixants de còmics novaiorquesos
Morts a l'estat de Nova York

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Podcaster, writer, advocate, consultant, rabble rouser...
I hate fundraising. But I hate ED more.
When a group of parents around the world started F.E.A.S.T., the first internatonal group OF and SUPPORTING parents of ED patients, we didn't just want to copy what others were doing. We wanted to change the landscape of what families find and how they respond to these life-draining and life-threatening disorders.
We believed two things were essential:
Focus on what parents can DO.
Follow the science.
We knew we wanted to be a unique voice and that we might stir controversy. For that, we needed financial independence. You see, most advocacy is funded by sponsorships by those selling services to families. This is not to say that providers would tell us what to do, or that what they do was wrong, but an acknowledgement that financial independence would leave us free to focus on the message and not keeping sponsors happy.
So, being financially independent means F.E.A.S.T. depends on the very people we represent: families. We depend on contributions from the F.E.A.S.T. community to do the work we do. Those contributions are not just how we pay the bills for our services but how we know what we do matters. Since 2007 parents and other supporters have been donating what they can to F.E.A.S.T. and by doing so they make the Around the Dinner Table forum possible, they make sure that there are parents represented at eating disorder events, they fund the written materials that families bring to their schools and doctors, and those kind donors make sure that the lonely mother at her computer in the middle of the night finds a place that assures her that it is not her fault and that she can, indeed, get her child back.
F.E.A.S.T. is independent but also frugal. We don't have an office or paid staff. Everyone at F.E.A.S.T. is a volunteer working from a kitchen table or their laptop in the den. We don't spend donations on stationery or pens: we spend it on supplying services and providing information.
Independence means F.E.A.S.T. is focused on our mission and not cultivating donors.
I hate fundraising, myself. But independence has its cost. If we don't want to have to worry whether Hospital One wishes we wouldn't talk about evidence-based outcomes, or worry that parents at one of our conferences will feel more trusting of XYZ Clinic because they paid for a conference breakfast then we can't play the sponsor game and we have to operate on less and get it from our own members.
Notably, we rarely ask folks for money. We don't pepper our members with fundraising appeals, nor do we make donations a condition of membership. We believe parents and caregivers have a great deal on their minds and don't need to see a fundraising message every time they hear from us.
But F.E.A.S.T. isn't made of fairy dust and we do need to get donations to continue our work.
Donating to F.E.A.S.T. in any amount is more than a money thing. It's a vote of support for the parent perspective, and for good science. It's paying it forward to the parents who will need F.E.A.S.T. for the first time tomorrow morning, or next month, or next year. If what we do matters to you make sure it is there for others. Be part of making the world a better place for families facing eating disorders.
#FEASTis5
#5YearsStrong
#CelebrateFEAST
Maudsley Myths
Laura Collins Lyster-Mensh
The award-winning author and parent mental health advocate helped found F.E.A.S.T. and works at Circum Mensam LLC
Circum Mensam LLC
New Plates Podcast: NEW
listen online free
Eating With Your Anorexic
Throwing Starfish Across the Sea
The Auldton Laughing Club
The Specific Scent of Snakes
Follow @LauraCollinsLM
view and review clinics and clinicians
Eating Disorders Treatment Accountability Council
What not to say over Thanksgiving
Dirty Laundry?
Research study: Are you a mother who has had an ea...
The picture wall is growing: where's your pic?
Principles and Scenarios, and a Bungee Jump
Wait, why DON'T we all get along?


text:
Aayush Rijal, known also as Gopal Rijal, (born February 6, 1980) is a Nepali film actor, creative director, and narrator. His credits include music videos, television commercials, documentaries, and more than 30 feature films. Rijal began his cinematic career as a cinematographer.

Filmography

Political life
During the 2017 Nepalese general election,Rijal was reported near to Nepali Congress.

Awards

Music Videos
Nabirse Timi Lai

References

Nepalese actors
Nepalese film editors
Nepali film award winners
1980 births
Living people
People from Dhading District


Golf Instruction – Are you getting your moneys worth?
Many years ago I read a book called the Talent Code. I was given this book by a very wise man who happens to be a dear friend and mentor. His name is Dean Beaman, the former commissioner of the PGA Tour. Of the many brilliant points the book writer came to, one stood out as clear as any I have ever seen put in words. That is great performers are not born their trained. They also have a deep desire and drive to do what most will not. Here in lies one of the big problem though. Are you willing to work? Do you have access to do the work? Do you have the financial ability? Do you have the coaching? In my golf career I also had a desire to be a World Champion. I was entirely fortunate to go take a golf lesson and then many golf lessons hundreds if you will from a very competent teachers named John Anselmo and Ben Doyle.
John was Tigers 2nd official golf instructor. We both took lessons from John at Meadowlark golf club in Huntington Beach CA. I got good fast. I went from scoring in the mid 90s to below scratch in under 2 years. How you ask? Hard work. Acess. Competent fundamental based golf instruction. John was well into his late 60s by the time I started receiving his wisdom.
This is another brilliant point that the Talent Code points out. The greatest coaches and teachers are all older most well into there late 50s to as old as in there 80s. Why? Wisdom, you can learn a great deal in school but wisdom is earned and given by God.
I am also puzzled by the so called teacher who's own ability to play at a high level is non existent. There is an instructor in my area that could not pass the playing ability test for the PGA. This is a very easy test. You basically have to shoot two rounds of 74 or 75 on a relatively easy golf course with a easy set up on that golf course. Yet this so called top 100 instructor failed many times and gave up. Like many in the Golf instruction arena these days it is my opinion these are the guys who first need to figure how to play before they teach. These people advise on theory and in my opinion are the problem with why golf is not growing. They are literally ripping unsuspecting golfers off. Beware of these charlatans they can wreck your ability to improve or worse instruct you going backwards. How then do you find the one out of ten good instructors out there? The criteria is simple in my opinion. Do they have a competitive high level playing history? Have they or are they teaching good players? Are they a member of the PGA? Why you ask on the last question? Would you hire a attorney with no law degree or no law school?
At least they showed respect enough for their ability to coach so as to obtain this criteria. All this is still no absolute guarantee but your chances of receiving what you paid for is highly increased.


YMCA Camp Elks provides campers with a classic outdoor day camp experience. Nestled in the heart of Boulder, Camp Elks is an outdoor, nature-based program where campers have the opportunity to make new friends through adventure, challenge and exploration. Each day at camp begins with an opening ceremony where stories, music and funny anecdotes get us ready for the day's events. Campers will enjoy day trips to some of Colorado's most beautiful hiking destinations. Kids will also spend their summer days in camp shooting archery, cooling off at our on-site pool and expressing their creative side through arts and crafts, drama, sports, gaga ball and fun games. Campers can also add horseback riding and rock climbing each week.
Each week ends with a closing campfire (symbolic) where campers and counselors come together to share stories, recognize each other through character values and reflect on their time at camp.
Optional drop-off and pick-up service available at the Arapahoe YMCA in Lafayette (sessions 1-11 only). Drop off and pick up time TBA. You must register for this separately. Space is limited.
You must confirm your part-time days with your camp director.
Appreciate some of the world's smallest beauties that we may take for granted, and learn about their importance in agriculture, ecosystems and art.
Prepare to be amazed as we learn about the world's largest living organisms, from both the present and past.
Unique conditions make for the most special of life forms. Learn how to find these hidden gems, and how to keep their habitats intact.
Let's focus on appreciating the biota underfoot, and why we need to protect these ecosystems.
We'll dive into the world of rivers, streams, lakes and ponds, and learn about Colorado's important relationship with water.
Experience the sky as an ecosystem, one that is shared with the whole world.
Take your summer camp experience to new heights — literally. Campers can add horseback riding and rock climbing at the Boulder Rock Club to camp. Come along, it's gonna be an exciting ride. $65 per week. Must select these options when registering. Not available during session 12.
Campers will be bussed to Sombrero Ranches for a fun morning of horseback riding. Thursdays. $65 per week.
Campers will be bussed to the Boulder Rock Club for two hours of basic technique instruction, top rope climbing, harness safety, wall climbing, auto belaying and bouldering. Wednesdays. $65 per week.


text:
Michel Deville
French film director and screenwriter
For the Belgian Olympic hockey player, see Michel Deville (field hockey).
(1931-04-13) 13 April 1931 (age 90)
Boulogne-Billancourt, France
Film director
Michel Deville (born 13 April 1931) is a French film director and screenwriter.
Deville started his filmmaking career in the late 1950s, paralleling the emergence of the French New Wave directors. He never achieved the level of critical and international recognition of some of his contemporaries such as François Truffaut, Jean-Luc Godard and Claude Chabrol, possibly because of his more conventional filmmaking style. Nevertheless, his films, especially his comedies from the 1970s and 1980s, were popular in his native France.[citation needed]
One of Deville's comedies, La Lectrice (The Reader) was probably his biggest success with international audiences. La Lectrice is about a woman (played by Miou-Miou), who finds work reading novels for the blind but gradually finds herself unwittingly attracting a clientele of fetishists who enjoyed being read to. At one time his films were difficult to find in North America but presently (2007) seven of his films are available in DVD in the U.S.
His 1980 film Le Voyage en douce was entered into the 30th Berlin International Film Festival.[1] Five years later, his film Death in a French Garden was entered into the 35th Berlin International Film Festival.[2]
A clip from his 1968 film Benjamin is included in Robert Bresson's Une Femme Douce (1969).
Michel Deville La Maladie de Sachs
1958 A Bullet in the Gun Barrel Yes Yes
1961 Tonight or Never Yes Yes
1962 Adorable Liar Yes Yes
1963 Because, Because of a Woman Yes Yes Also as producer
1963 Girl's Apartment Yes Yes
1964 Les Petites Demoiselles Yes Yes Telefilm
1964 Lucky Jo Yes Yes
1966 The Mona Lisa Has Been Stolen Yes Yes
1966 Martin Soldat Yes Yes
1967 Zärtliche Haie Yes
1968 Benjamin Yes Yes Louis Delluc Prize for Best Film
1969 Bye bye, Barbara Yes Yes
1970 The Bear and the Doll Yes Yes
1971 Raphael, or The Debauched One Yes Nominated—1971 Cannes Film Festival - Palme d'Or
1973 The Woman in Blue Yes
1974 Love at the Top Yes
1977 The Apprentice Heel Yes Yes
1978 Dossier 51 Yes Yes César Award for Best Writing
French Syndicate of Cinema Critics - Best French Film
Nominated—1978 Cannes Film Festival - Prix Un certain regard
Nominated—César Award for Best Film
Nominated—César Award for Best Director
1980 Le Voyage en douce Yes Yes Nominated—30th Berlin International Film Festival - Golden Bear
1981 Eaux profondes Yes Yes
1983 The Little Bunch Yes
1984 Les Capricieux Yes Telefilm
1985 Death in a French Garden Yes Yes César Award for Best Director
Nominated—35th Berlin International Film Festival - Golden Bear
Nominated—César Award for Best Writing
1986 Paltoquet Yes Yes
1988 The Reader Yes Yes French Syndicate of Cinema Critics - Best French Film
Louis Delluc Prize for Best Film
Montreal World Film Festival - Grand Prix des Amériques
1990 Summer Night in Town Yes
1991 Lest We Forget Yes Segment: "Pour Nguyen Chi Thien, Vietnam"
1992 Toutes peines confondues Yes
1994 Aux petits bonheurs Yes
1997 La Divine Poursuite Yes Yes
1999 Sachs' Disease Yes Yes Chicago International Film Festival - Gold Hugo
San Sebastián International Film Festival - Silver Shell for Best Director
San Sebastián International Film Festival - Best Screenplay
San Sebastián International Film Festival - Solidarity Award
2002 Almost Peaceful Yes Yes Nominated—59th Venice International Film Festival - Golden Lion
2005 The Art of Breaking Up Yes
^ "IMDB.com: Awards for Le Voyage en douce". imdb.com. Retrieved 21 August 2010.
^ "Berlinale: 1985 Programme". berlinale.de. Retrieved 12 January 2011.
Michel Deville at IMDb
Films directed by Michel Deville
A Bullet in the Gun Barrel (1958)
Tonight or Never (1961)
Adorable Liar (1962)
Because, Because of a Woman (1963)
Girl's Apartment (1963)
Lucky Jo (1964)
The Mona Lisa Has Been Stolen (1966)
Kiss Me General (1966)
Zärtliche Haie (1967)
Benjamin (1968)
Bye bye, Barbara (1969)
The Bear and the Doll (1970)
Raphael, or The Debauched One (1971)
The Woman in Blue (1973)
Love at the Top (1974)
The Apprentice Heel (1977)
Dossier 51 (1978)
Le Voyage en douce (1980)
Eaux profondes (1981)
The Little Bunch (1983)
Death in a French Garden (1985)
Paltoquet (1986)
The Reader (1988)
Summer Night in Town (1990)
Lest We Forget (1991)
Toutes peines confondues (1992)
Aux petits bonheurs (1994)
La Divine Poursuite (1997)
Sachs' Disease (1999)
Almost Peaceful (2002)
The Art of Breaking Up (2005)
César Award for Best Director
1976 Bertrand Tavernier
1977 Joseph Losey
1978 Alain Resnais
1979 Christian de Chalonge
1980 Roman Polanski
1981 François Truffaut
1982 Jean-Jacques Annaud
1983 Andrzej Wajda
1984 Ettore Scola
1985 Claude Zidi
1986 Michel Deville
1987 Alain Cavalier
1988 Louis Malle
1990 Bertrand Blier
1991 Jean-Paul Rappeneau
1992 Alain Corneau
1993 Claude Sautet
1995 André Téchiné
1997 Patrice Leconte / Bertrand Tavernier
1998 Luc Besson
1999 Patrice Chéreau
2000 Tonie Marshall
2001 Dominik Moll
2002 Jean-Pierre Jeunet
2004 Denys Arcand
2005 Abdellatif Kechiche
2006 Jacques Audiard
2007 Guillaume Canet
2009 Jean-François Richet
2012 Michel Hazanavicius
2013 Michael Haneke
2015 Abderrahmane Sissako
2016 Arnaud Desplechin
2017 Xavier Dolan
2018 Albert Dupontel


text:
Q: AJAX comments box with wordpress i am trying to create a comments section using Ajax in a website that uses wordpress and am trying to link it up in jQuery with a php file. i have tried every  possible way yet it does not work. please help! I always get this error:
POST http://localhost/ajax/comment_insert.php 404 (Not Found)
i have tried addaing slashes, removing slashes.. everything! still not working!
$(document).ready( function(){
$('#comment-post-btn').click( function(){

    var _comment = $('#comment-post-text').val();
    var _userId = $('#userId').val();
    var _userName = $('#userName').val();

    if (_comment.length > 0 && _userId != null ) {

        $('#comment-insert-container').css('border', '1px solid #e1e1e1');

        $.post("/ajax/comment_insert.php", {

            task: "comment_insert",
            userId: _userId,
            comment:_comment

        },

        function( data ){

            console.log("ResponseText: " + data);

        }

    );

        console.log(_comment + "User Name: " + _userName + "User Id:" + _userId );

    } else {

        $('#comment-insert-container').css('border', '1px solid #ff0000');
        console.log("text area emopty");

    }

    //remove text from text area to insert another comment
    $('#comment-post-text').val("");

});

});
PHP code all what am trying to do is $_REQUEST here is the php code:
`

print_r($_REQUEST);

?>`
am running it on wamp server

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La Germania with two gas burners. I bought this with a fair price. Really durable. I encourage monthly cleaning with Giff. You can unscrew it to clean thoroughly. I cleaned this baby for the last time. Reason that I'm selling this is because I'll be moving out of the country.
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