text:
He (the executive head of state) should not merely act officially; he should be like a father who is always a well-wisher of his sons. Such a father strictly observes whether his sons are performing their duties, and sometimes he also punishes them
"He should not merely act officially; he should be like a father who is always a well-wisher of his sons. Such a father strictly observes whether his sons are performing their duties, and sometimes he also punishes them"
The first principle of dharma, or religion, is to observe the duties of the four orders as enjoined by the Supreme Personality of Godhead. According to people's qualities and activities, society should be divided into brāhmaṇas, kṣatriyas, vaiśyas and śūdras and then again into brahmacārīs, gṛhasthas, vānaprasthas and sannyāsīs. These are religious principles, and it is the duty of the head of state to see that his citizens strictly follow them. He should not merely act officially; he should be like a father who is always a well-wisher of his sons. Such a father strictly observes whether his sons are performing their duties, and sometimes he also punishes them.
SB 5.2.1, Translation and Purport
Śrī Śukadeva Gosvāmī continued: After his father, Mahārāja Priyavrata, departed to follow the path of spiritual life by undergoing austerities, King Āgnīdhra completely obeyed his order. Strictly observing the principles of religion, he gave full protection to the inhabitants of Jambūdvīpa as if they were his own begotten sons.
Following the instruction of his father, Mahārāja Priyavrata, Mahārāja Āgnīdhra ruled the inhabitants of Jambūdvīpa according to religious principles. These principles are exactly contrary to the modern principles of faithlessness. As clearly stated here, the King protected the citizens the way a father protects his begotten children. How he ruled the citizens is also described here—dharmāvekṣamāṇaḥ, strictly according to religious principles. It is the duty of the executive head of a state to see that the citizens strictly follow religious principles. The Vedic religious principles begin with varṇāśrama-dharma, the duties of the four varṇas and four āśramas. Dharma refers to principles given by the Supreme Personality of Godhead. The first principle of dharma, or religion, is to observe the duties of the four orders as enjoined by the Supreme Personality of Godhead. According to people's qualities and activities, society should be divided into brāhmaṇas, kṣatriyas, vaiśyas and śūdras and then again into brahmacārīs, gṛhasthas, vānaprasthas and sannyāsīs. These are religious principles, and it is the duty of the head of state to see that his citizens strictly follow them. He should not merely act officially; he should be like a father who is always a well-wisher of his sons. Such a father strictly observes whether his sons are performing their duties, and sometimes he also punishes them.
Just contrary to the principles mentioned here, the presidents and chief executives in the age of Kali are simply tax collectors who do not care whether religious principles are observed. Indeed, the chief executives of the present day introduce all kinds of sinful activity, especially illicit sex, intoxication, animal killing and gambling. These sinful activities are now very prominently manifested in India. Although a hundred years ago these four principles of sinful life were strictly prohibited in the families of India, they have now been introduced into every Indian family; therefore they cannot follow religious principles. In contrast to the principles of the kings of old, the modern state is concerned only with propaganda for levying taxes and is no longer responsible for the spiritual welfare of the citizens. The state is now callous to religious principles. Śrīmad-Bhāgavatam predicts that in Kali-yuga the government will be entrusted with dasyu-dharma, which means the occupational duty of rogues and thieves. Modern heads of state are rogues and thieves who plunder the citizens instead of giving them protection. Rogues and thieves plunder without regard for law, but in this age of Kali, as stated in Śrīmad-Bhāgavatam, the lawmakers themselves plunder the citizens. The next prediction to be fulfilled, which is already coming to pass, is that because of the sinful activities of the citizens and the government, rain will become increasingly scarce. Gradually there will be complete drought and no production of food grains. People will be reduced to eating flesh and seeds, and many good, spiritually inclined people will have to forsake their homes because they will be too harassed by drought, taxation and famine. The Kṛṣṇa consciousness movement is the only hope to save the world from such devastation. It is the most scientific and authorized movement for the actual welfare of the whole human society.
Retrieved from "https://vaniquotes.org/w/index.php?title=He_(the_executive_head_of_state)_should_not_merely_act_officially;_he_should_be_like_a_father_who_is_always_a_well-wisher_of_his_sons._Such_a_father_strictly_observes_whether_his_sons_are_performing_their_duties,_and_sometimes_he_also_punishes_them&oldid=1331963"
Executive Heads of States
Should Not
Not Merely
Like A
Well-wisher
Strictly Observe
Srimad-Bhagavatam, Canto 05 Chapter 02 Purports - The Activities of Maharaja Agnidhra
... more about "He (the executive head of state) should not merely act officially; he should be like a father who is always a well-wisher of his sons. Such a father strictly observes whether his sons are performing their duties, and sometimes he also punishes them"
10:49:40, 4 November 2020 +


text:
Out Of Play
Autos and transport
Publish Your News
HomePoliticsTonye Cole, APC Guber candidate, demands fresh elections in Rivers State
Tonye Cole, APC Guber candidate, demands fresh elections in Rivers State
March 29, 2019 Politics, Top stories
Tonye Cole
Tonye Cole, the candidate of the All Progressives Congress APC, in the 2019 governorship election has called for fresh conduct of elections in Rivers State.
Cole the governorship candidate of the APC in a statement said, "This is a pivotal period for Rivers State and indeed the entire political institutions in Nigeria. Our State has always been at the epicentre of political affairs, most often hugging the limelight for all the wrong reasons. We are the only State that the courts silenced almost all political opposition to an incumbent, nearly making way for a walkover election. We are the only State that is yet to conclude an election three weeks after voters went to the polls. We are the only State that armed militants and the military faced off violently. We are the only State that continues to be a cause of deep concern to the international community. We are the only State that the electoral body is being brazenly accused of unparalleled bias. We are the only State that is openly labeled as electorally violent. We are sick and tired of these negative headlines."
He explained that, "In this atmosphere, it would be grossly irresponsible to proceed with concluding an electoral process that hardly anyone believes in. It is certainly the constitutional responsibility of INEC to conduct elections, collate and announce results in a credible and acceptable manner, open to the participation and scrutiny of the public at all times and within the eyeballs and participation of political parties and their agents throughout voting, collation and declaration. This process has been completely truncated and its sanctity defiled, the result of which I fear greatly can lead to anarchy and possible loss of additional lives."
Full text of the statement reads: A good friend once told me as I pondered my journey into the world of politics that if there is one thing that drives politicians the world over, it is FEAR. Politicians, he said, are afraid of losing elections, they are afraid of becoming unpopular, they are afraid of the people who vote, they are afraid of not being relevant in the scheme of things, they are afraid of tomorrow.
That fear, depending on how it manifests, will drive the desperation with which they will pursue their mandates and will determine to what lengths they will go in order to win an election. That fear, if left unchecked, is potent and permeates through every fabric of an electoral process leaving behind, a trail of destruction that is hard to hide and difficult to repair.
I set out determined that I must find an answer to the malaise and a solution that would spare us as citizens, the death and destruction that unbridled fear brings. The challenge in itself seemed insurmountable when even before a single vote was cast, the by-word in Rivers State was insecurity and violence but to not face the challenge wasn't an option and to not seek a solution was cowardly to say the least and so I embarked on a journey to entrench peace into our politics and to instil hope in the hearts and minds of the people.
Hope – this word and emotion was driven home to me by a study that showed human behaviour is driven by the two extremes of fear and hope, with multiple combinations of both in between. I reasoned that even though fear was a dominant short term emotion that delivered immediate results for the benefit of a few, hope was a far better long term emotion that delivered lasting results for the benefit of the majority, so I chose to anchor on hope to bring the Rivers People the succour that was so desperately needed.
Fast forward to Election Day
My candidacy had since been halted and the platform from which I could speak on The Politics of Peace and The Power of Hope had been sidelined. The prevailing voices being heard were those that sowed fear for a living and the State had turned into a battleground of accusations and counter accusations. The voice of the people had long receded into the distant background as had hope for an outcome that would serve the true aspirations of the people.
So what is the truth?
It seems to me that the truth is no longer relevant in the blame game that has now characterized the election of March 9th and the subsequent suspension that followed.
Whose truth is one willing to believe in any case? Is it the truth of AAC that Awara won or that of PDP that Wike won? Is it the truth of the Military that their intervention was to save lives or that of the Rivers State Government that it was to take lives? Is it the truth of the APC that their political machinery backing a little known politician delivered a shocking defeat to an incumbent or that of the PDP that an unknown politician, backed by an 'unballoted' party was run over by a sitting governor? Is it the truth that as at the time of suspension only 7 LGA results had been declared and others were still being collated or that 17 LGA results had been collated and awaiting declaration? Is it the truth that collation was suspended for wide scale violence when there was relative peace or that collation was suspended in spite of the peace to enable one party rewrite the results?
In the scheme of things, the truth has been buried very deep under a mountain of half-truths and lies, which leaves very little room for anyone to claim the legitimate right to the crown.
Where does that leave us?
I am constrained by the choices before me to take a stand on something. An oft-quoted saying by Edmund Burke goes "The only thing necessary for the triumph of evil is for good men to do nothing". The situation we find ourselves in Rivers State is extremely dire and having initially participated and then taken a ringside seat in the elections for Governor of the State, I have seen plenty and have gained substantial knowledge to know that staying silent at this time is akin to doing nothing so evil can and will triumph.
If there is one thing that I am certain of, it is that the entire election of March 9th is totally and completely compromised from head to toe. There are no results that would be announced today that would reflect the will of the people in any form or manner. There are just as many people who do not trust and will not accept an election that delivers PDP today because of the belief that the umpire has granted unfettered access to the result sheets and a yeoman's job has been done on the collated results that is guaranteed to withstand any scrutiny through the Election Tribunals or any court of law thereafter just as there are as many people who will not accept a result that delivers the AAC because of the belief that the election day results were structured to favour them by the direct involvement of the military as insinuated by the PDP.
In neither of the scenarios above is the voice of the people heard nor are the pains and toils taken to come out and vote considered. Indeed, if there is any evil to contend with, it is this rape of democracy that completely ignores what the general voter thinks, says or does simply because politicians genuinely fear that outcome. Politicians will rather emerge with contrived results that still their fear of losing elections, of becoming unpopular, becoming irrelevant in the scheme of things and most of all the fear of what tomorrow brings.
What must we do?
This is a pivotal period for Rivers State and indeed the entire political institutions in Nigeria. Our State has always been at the epicentre of political affairs, most often hugging the limelight for all the wrong reasons. We are the only State that the courts silenced almost all political opposition to an incumbent, nearly making way for a walkover election. We are the only State that is yet to conclude an election three weeks after voters went to the polls. We are the only State that armed militants and the military faced off violently. We are the only State that continues to be a cause of deep concern to the international community. We are the only State that the electoral body is being brazenly accused of unparalleled bias. We are the only State that is openly labeled as electorally violent. We are sick and tired of these negative headlines.
In this atmosphere, it would be grossly irresponsible to proceed with concluding an electoral process that hardly anyone believes in. It is certainly the constitutional responsibility of INEC to conduct elections, collate and announce results in a credible and acceptable manner, open to the participation and scrutiny of the public at all times and within the eyeballs and participation of political parties and their agents throughout voting, collation and declaration. This process has been completely truncated and its sanctity defiled, the result of which I fear greatly can lead to anarchy and possible loss of additional lives.
Rivers State deserves better in all ramifications!
We therefore have a choice and a chance for redemption as a state and a people. INEC, the Federal Government of Nigeria, the International Community, Political Parties and all those who care deeply for the people of Rivers State can make history by positioning the State for a completely new round of proper elections that will let the people make a true choice for who will lead them.
This time around, there are no distractions left and every eye is upon Rivers State now. The violent elements can be caged and neutralized so they are ineffective on the day of election. We have seen this happen. The people can come out to vote without the fear of intimidation and harassment. We know this is possible. The electoral officials can carry out their duties without compromise or fear of terror. We know this is achievable. The security agencies can provide the environment that enables them operate professionally and efficiently without fear of being shot at or killed in the line of duty. We know this is desirable. The party agents and politicians can carry out their duties without the fear of being killed or maimed for their affiliations. We know this is progress.
This is a clarion call to the good men out there to conduct fresh elections in Rivers State where the entire focus of the world at large is upon our activities and us. Let us give this land and its people something to cherish and be proud of, a solid foundation to build upon; a democratically elected government that is chosen by her people, freely and fairly, whether or not the chosen candidate is one who just entered politics yesterday or a veteran. Let us allow the people to choose and let their voice be heard loudly and respected completely.
This is as theneighbourhoodonline.com reports that "even before the conclusion of the Governorship and State House of Assembly elections which it suspended in Rivers State, the Independent National Electoral Commission, INEC, had declared the candidates of the Peoples Democratic Party, PDP, winners.
"The Commission had also prepared their Certificates of Return, including that of Governor Nyesom Wike, inside sources have revealed. The certificates, which have the name of the National Chairman, Prof. Mahmood Yakubu, only waiting to be signed-off, are reportedly in the custody of the Resident Electoral Commissioner, REC, Obo Effanga, who it was also alleged, was the mastermind behind the certificates-before-election-results deal with PDP.
"Though the electoral umpire had suspended the Rivers' elections via a statement on March 10, 2019, the certificates bear dates later than the April 15 date INEC said collated results would be declared. In its latest press statement on the election saga in Rivers State, INEC gave April 19 as the date that certificates of return will be issued to winners.
"No official source at the Commission's Port Harcourt headquarters office was willing to comment on the development when inquiries were made on Thursday afternoon."
In a related development the leadership of African Action Congress in Eleme Local Government Area of Rivers State in its letter dated March 21, 2019, with the caption "Complaint On Acts Of Collusion And Connivance With The Peoples' Democratic Party To Mutilate And Falsify Results Of The March 9th Governorship And State House Of Assembly Elections In Eleme Local Government Area Of Rivers State In Favour Of Peoples' Democratic Party Against Mrs. Patience Eval, Eleme Electoral Officer" has called on the INEC Chairman to call Mrs. Patience Eval, her cohorts to order with a view to ensuring that they discharge their official duties and responsibilities lawfully in the interest of all
Extract of the letter reads:
The leadership of African Action Congress in Eleme Local Government Area of Rivers State hereby uses this medium to make a complaint on acts of collusion and connivance with the Peoples' Democratic Party to mutilate, alter and falsify collated results of the March 9thgovernorship and statehouse of assembly in Eleme Local Government Area of Rivers State in favour of the People's Democratic Party by your Electoral Officer in Eleme, Mrs.Patience Eval.
Eleme Local Government has 10 wards, and we are pleased to inform you that the governorship and State house of assembly elections in Eleme were generally free, fair and peaceful, except in ward 5 (Ekporo) where thugs carted away electoral materials upon arrival for distribution to the various polling units. Reports by the various security agencies that monitored elections in Eleme Local Government Area attest to this fact. A photocopy of a report by the Divisional Police Officer of the Eleme Divisional Headquarters of the Nigeria Police Force is attached herewith for your perusal.
Upon conclusion of voting across the wards, collation was on-going at the collation centre in Eleme whenfight and violence erupted amongst members and supporters of political parties outside the collation hall, but the security agents were able to contain the situation and restored peace.However, in the heat of the pandemonium, the governorship and state house of assembly returning officers relocated to your Commission office in Port Harcourt, but the collation officers remained and completed collation of results peacefully and orderly. Party and security agents counter-signed the collated results and duplicate copies of the results were given to them, after which security agents escorted collation officers to your Commission office in Port Harcourt and the collated results were duly submitted after they were interviewed by your officials in Port Harcourt. The results submitted were being collated along with those of other local government areas in Port Harcourt when collation was suspended. The summary of the results collated for the winners and first runners up are as stated herein below:
GOVERNORSHIP ELECTION
AFRICAN ACTION CONGRESS (AAC) – 27,712 VOTES
PEOPLES' DEMOCRATIC PARTY (PDP) – 4, 446 VOTES
STATE HOUSE OF ASSEMBLY
SOCIAL DEMOCRATIC PARTY (SDP) – 22,968 VOTES
The facts upon which our complaint is based are as follows:
1. Just as collation of results was suspended, we have observed that your Electoral Officer in Eleme, Mrs. Patience Eval is conniving with the leadership of PDP to mutilate, falsify and alter the above collated results in favour of their candidates.
2. Our observation was corroborated by disclosure by Dr. Mike Alagala, the coordinator of collation officers in Eleme that Mrs. Patience Eval called him few days ago that his attention was needed in her office, and upon his arrival thereof he met Toba Baribe, the returning officer for Eleme and BomaBamson, the Assistant Electoral Officer in Mrs. Eval's office and they gave him a copy of a result sheet wherein the results herein stated above have been badly mutilated and altered in favour of PDP to him to counter-sign, but he vehemently refused to sign; and he told them bluntly that he was not going to be a part of such act of criminality. He further informed us of his predicament that he has been receiving potent threats throughphone calls and text messages since then.
3. Also, a couple of ward collation officers for the various wards in Eleme informed us of similar invitation and request by Mrs Eval of which they declined as well, and they are equally receiving torrents of stern threats which became unbearable and they had to switch off their mobile phones which they switch on occasionally to make important calls. The names of these collation officers are Dr. Doris Ofiliand Engr. BenardOtukowu, collation officers for wards 3 and 10.
Pursuant to the above, we hereby deemed it very imperative to use this medium to intimate you and your Commission of the desperation of your Electoral Officer in Eleme and her subordinates who have vowed to stop at nothing to manipulate collated election results in favour of PDP for pecuniary gains. Upon the resumption of collation exercise as announced by your Commission, we will strongly oppose and challenge any results that are not in tandem with those already collated and duly submitted as highlighted herein.
We hereby call on you to use your good offices to call on Mrs. Patience Eval, her cohorts to order with a view to ensuring that they discharge their official duties and responsibilities lawfully in the interest of all.
We will appreciate your timely intervention and necessary action.
Rivers APC
Sponsored: Visit now for: Free posts, promotions, Yellow pages, Business address, Jobs in Nigeria, Free classifieds, Free advertising sites, Properties for sale, Houses for sale, Social Networks, Post news, Bloggers
Sponsored: Get QuickLoans Up To N150,000 in 10 minutes!
Seven killed as fire razes skyscraper in Bangladesh
21-year-old arrested for raping married woman
Rivers APC congratulates newly elected APC wards' leaders
May 6, 2018 Politics, Top stories
Describes the success of the Party's Congress as the first step to redeem Rivers State Rivers State chapter of the All Progressives Congress (APC) has described the unprecedented success and […]
INEC official, Christian Nwosu, arrested for receiving N30m election bribe from Diezani
February 8, 2018 Top stories
A former official of the Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC) in Kwara, Christian Nwosu, who is standing trial over alleged N30 million bribe to rig the 2015 polls, was on […]
Rivers APC Guber Primary: Party bigwig, Chief Eze, hails Tonye Cole's Candidacy
October 3, 2018 Politics
Commends Abe's DG Worgu Boms for exposing the illegality of Abe's Parallel Primaries The emergence of billionaire business mogul, Archt. Tonye Cole, as the governorship flag-bearer of the All Progressives […]
Rihanna and boyfriend Hassan Jameel break up after 3 years
Parents enraged over mild sentences given to teenage daughter's killers
$25,000 extortion: EFCC produces audio tapes of Shehu Sani's conversation
London: 2 remanded in custody for stabbing teenager to death
Queen angry as Prince Harry and Meghan abandon Frogmore Cottage after £2.4m renovation
Roads flooded as rainstorm batters Australia
Suspected bandits raid community, kill village head, kidnap 18
Driver dies after s*x with mother of 3
Bike rider killed as LASTMA official, driver struggle to control vehicle
Collapsed building: Victim recounts experience
Essence of Nature, London – Hair Care and Beauty Products
The village head of Rumache in Kukoki Ward, Shiroro Local Government Area of Niger State, Ahmad Yakubu, was killed in the early hours of Friday by gunmen suspected to be […]
A 55-year-old commercial bus driver has been found dead in a hotel at Ibusa, Oshimili North Local Government Area of Delta State, after allegedly having s*x with a single mother […]
A bike-hailing service rider, John Abanna, has met a tragic end in the hands of an official of the Lagos State Traffic Management Authority and a commercial bus driver. Abanna […]
Amotekun: Former South West Govs tackle Fed Govt
A number of ex-South-West governors have thrown their weight behind Operation Amotekun, declaring that the new security outfit is an answer to the yearnings of the people of the region. […]
Edo 2020: Countdown to September 10 – By Iyoha John Darlington
In less than eight months, we shall be joining other opponents to test our popularity. Our ultimate goal is to secure the keys to the Government House which we work […]
Eze felicitates with APC, Uzodinma, as Apex Court throws Ihedioha, PDP out of Douglass House
…Commends Buhari over Judicial Independence As legal experts, commentators, political watchers, opinion leaders and even laymen continue to make their minds bare on the Supreme Court Judgement of Tuesday, 14 […]
New Imo Gov, Hope Uzodinma, begins probe of former governors
The new governor of Imo State, Hope Uzodinma, on Wednesday initiated the process of the probe of contracts awarded from 2010 till date in the state. He also sought the […]
EFCC should probe Edo Governor, Godwin Obaseki, for fraud – Group
The Coalition for Good Governance and Economic Justice in Africa has urged the Economic and Financial Crimes Commission, and Independent Corrupt Practices Commission to investigate the administration of Governor Godwin […]
Tweets by naijanewsevents
Naija News And Events © 2020. All Rights Reserved. Designed by Netcarvers

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Six Sigma has been growing slowly but surely over the years at HSBC . The Six Sigma deployment model of the United Kingdom based banking corporation is best described as the "middle-out" approach in Michael Cyger's blog entry, "Are All Six Sigma Deployment Models Created Equal".
"Charlotte: How does your programme fit into HSBC's company wide Six Sigma objectives?
Charlotte's interview is well worth the read. Dan givesfurther details on the success HSBC has seen from Six Sigma projects and emphasizes the teamwork that led to those successes. As Six Sigma continues to gain momentum, recognition, and corporate support at HSBC we are sure to hear more and more about it.


text:
TT394 (Theban Tomb 394) è la sigla che identifica una delle Tombe dei Nobili ubicate nell'area della cosiddetta Necropoli Tebana, sulla sponda occidentale del Nilo dinanzi alla città di Luxor, in Egitto. Destinata a sepolture di nobili e funzionari connessi alle case regnanti, specie del Nuovo Regno, l'area venne sfruttata, come necropoli, fin dall'Antico Regno e, successivamente, sino al periodo Saitico (con la XXVI dinastia) e Tolemaico.

Titolare
TT394 era la tomba di:

Biografia
Nessuna notizia biografica ricavabile

La tomba
Planimetricamente TT394 si sviluppa in una sala trasversale che dà accesso a un corridoio non ancora indagato. Un breve corridoio immette nella sala trasversale; sulle pareti: (1 in planimetria) resti di scene di processione funeraria, con prefiche e uomini che offrono mazzi di fiori.

Note

Annotazioni

Fonti

Bibliografia

Voci correlate
 Storia dell'Antico Egitto
 Necropoli di Tebe
 Tombe dei Nobili
 Valle dei Re

Altri progetti

Tombe dei Nobili

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Home / Features / 'Consent Matters' Matters: Only 189 students completed the consent awareness module
'Consent Matters' Matters: Only 189 students completed the consent awareness module
By Amelia Costigan on March 8, 2019
Only 189 King's College London students have accessed online quiz-based module 'Consent Matters' since its introduction, according to a Freedom of Information request sent by Roar. 'Consent Matters', which acts as a guideline for students and staff surrounding concepts of consent, was introduced in 2018.
The module was implemented by KCL's 'It Stops Here' campaign in response to a renewed focus on sexual assault and harassment on University campuses, as part of an effort to foster a safe and inclusive environment through tackling sexual misconduct and harassment.
In 2018, a report conducted by Revolt Sexual Assault and The Student Room revealed that in a study of 4500 students from 153 different UK institutions, 62% of the respondents said they had experienced sexual violence. Only 6% of these students reported the incident to their university.
While Consent Matters constitutes a significant element of the University's attempt to address the endemic issue of sexual harassment and assault on campus, low student engagement with the module suggests the need for greater efforts to foster meaningful dialogue around this important issue.
"Consent Matters is an important part of our intervention work, but it is only a small element of a much larger project to change the culture at King's and we do understand that online training has limitations," says Safrina Ahmed, Project Officer of the It Stops Here campaign. "The module was introduced to King's, and many other universities, following national guidance from Universities UK."
Created by UK company Epigeum in collaboration with an advisory panel of academics, student unions, and support panels, Consent Matters features animated videos and a multiple choice test which aims to educate a viewer on healthy relationships and bystander skills.
Sparsh Sehgal, Women's Network Officer for KCL, emphasises the centrality of promoting understanding around consent. "Knowing what consent actually means is a huge issue," Sehgal says. "It has to become a part of our natural instincts. We need to have a deep understanding of consent."
The Consent Matters modules have been met with some criticism that suggests an online module is tokenistic and unlikely to affect meaningful change. The programme was designed to be employed in conjunction with peer-to-peer training and education workshops. When Universities implement the modules as a standalone approach to tackling assault and harassment, they risk undermining the messages delivered through the programmes.
Dr Laura Tarzia, deputy lead of an Australian programme for researching abuse and violence, echoes these concerns: "Prevention needs to be done comprehensively across campuses and at all levels, rather than just targeting the individual level as this consent module does."
"It's going to take a long time to get to the core of what it means," Sehgal says.
Recent studies have revealed ongoing discrepancies remain in the ways UK universities record and respond to incidents of harassment and assault. The University of Cambridge introduced an anonymous online reporting tool in 2017, and recorded 215 reports of student and staff misconduct. As recently as the February 2019, three Yale students have filed a class action lawsuit against their University, in which they contend the school has fostered an environment where alcohol-fuelled gatherings at off-campus fraternity houses dictate the social scene. The women argue these environments "relegate women and non-binary students to sexual objects". Evidently, this is a far-reaching and pervasive issue that affects students across the globe.
Emily Dotsikas, a Study Abroad student from McGill University in Montreal, was surprised at King's policies around sexual consent. "We had to watch a video as part of our induction. It was lumped in together with all of the logistic of residences. You didn't need to pay attention to it at all," she says. "What kind of school in London, in the cultural hub of the world, doesn't have a mandatory session on privilege and rape culture?"
Consent Matters constitutes an important step in the right direction towards tackling the systemic attitudes that underpin sexual harassment and violence. University spaces are unique in their dynamism; they provide a vital space for progression and innovation. In the wake of the watershed #metoo movement, which triggered a global conversation surrounding sexual harassment and assault, Universities have a responsibility to take the lead in confronting a culture of harassment and championing consent.
In response to a Freedom of Information inquiry, King's College disclosed the following information:
For the academic year 2018/2019:
189 students have accessed the Consent Matters module
29 students completed the pre-quiz, the module, and the post- quiz.
41 students completed the pre-quiz and the module but did not complete the post-quiz.
50 students completed the pre-quiz but did not complete the module and the post -quiz.
69 students accessed the module and selected their 'Faculty / School', but did not complete the pre quiz, the module, or the post-quiz.
King's College London has a student body of more than 31,000 students.
If you or anyone you know has experienced harassment or assault at KCL, you can report the incident to security staff or the Resident Warden:
Guy's, Strand and Waterloo: 020 7848 2222
Denmark Hill West: 020 7848 5555
NHS trust buildings: 020 7188 3333
Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience: 020 7848 0001
← Previous Story Clean Hands and Gulf Money
Next Story → Election Fraud? Students allegedly harassed by KCLSU election reps
BUSH HOUSE SECURITY REPORT: Roar gives the full breakdown
BUSH HOUSE SECURITY REPORT: KCL Action Palestine and KCL Justice for Cleaners release statement
King's issues formal apology for disabling student activist IDs during Queen's visit


text:
Photographers VIDEOGRAPHERS
Any Specialty
Adventure/Outdoor
Conflict/Crisis
Music/Performing Arts
Social Documentary
Still Life/Product
Beauty/Cosmetics
Auto/Vehicles
GIF/Cinemagraph
BTS/Unit Stills
Lucy Hewett
Food/Drink, Travel, Portraiture, Social Documentary, Lifestyle
1 414 801 1984 Email Website Instagram LinkedIn Bio
Lucy is a Chicago based portrait, food and lifestyle photographer. Her thoughtful compositions, documentary approach and bold use of color result in artful storytelling across all subjects.Recently her work was included in American Photography 35 and 36. In 2018 She was selected as one of The Lit List's 30 under the radar photographers and received a Communications Arts award for Advertising photography.When not taking photos, she's often at her studio or snacking out and about in Logan Square. She deeply appreciates a good cup of coffee and would love to read your tarot cards.
Colin Miller
Architecture, Travel, Home/Garden, Landscape
Maplewood, New Jersey
Colin Miller is a photographer based in New York City. He began shooting architecture and interiors with a series of photographs of empty theaters in New England. He now focuses on hospitality and residential projects throughout the world. Monacelli Press will be publishing his first book in November 2019 titled Hotel Chelsea: Living in the Last Bohemian Haven. The book profiles current permanent residents who have persisted amid the transformation of the hotel in richly detailed portraits and photos of their unique spaces. His stock photography is available on Gallery Stock and he recently joined the production company Wonderful Machine. His work has been published in a variety of magazines, books and websites including Interior Design, Architectural Digest, Elle Décor, The New York Times, Town and Country, O Magazine and Communication Arts among many others. He studied photography at Tisch School of the Arts at New York University.
Jackie Osborne
Corporate, Fashion, Food/Drink, Portraiture, Animals, Still Life/Product, Lifestyle, Brand Narrative, Agriculture
Jackie has been working as a professional freelance photographer since 2005. She has worked on projects ranging from companies' national ad campaigns such as Nutrena to taking lifestyle imagery for local independent companies. She was the lead photographer for Tarter Farm and Ranch Equipment, the largest farm equipment company in the United States, for nearly 7 years and continues to work with them on large scale projects. Her passion for agriculture mixed with her knowledge of horses and various other animals helps her to create compelling images for companies while working in various climates and situations.
Kelly Serfoss
Portraiture, Auto/Vehicles, Brand Narrative, Landscape
MONTANA BORN.LA BASED.WORLD TRAVELED.COOKS WITH FIRE.HAS A GOOD DOG AND A GREAT WIFE.
Tim Klein
Sports/Fitness, Portraiture, Social Documentary, Lifestyle, Kids
1 312 282 3840 Email Website Instagram LinkedIn
Sean F. Boggs
Architecture, Portraiture, Lifestyle, Agriculture, Home/Garden, Industrial
Contact Sean because in 1986 his mullet could kick Patrick Swayzy's mullet's ass. Since the eighties Sean has been living vicariously through himself. A world traveler that has been quoted as saying, "I ain't pretty but I do smell bad". He's a self made hundredaire and an acid reflux survivor. He is sponsored by by Snuggie and popcorn and is an active activist against world suck. He's reported to be a mediocre stunt double for himself and as result I huge contributor in orthopedic benevolence. He is funny, has fantastic people skills, is pretty good at making photographs and can be fun to work with. Services include photographic and motion production, consulting and education. : )
Kyoko Fierro
Food/Drink, Still Life/Product, Home/Garden
Kyoko Fierro is an advertising and editorial photographer based in Vancouver. Her specialty includes product catalog, food & beverage, and home & décor photography for various commercial clients.She is a regular contributor to Western Living & Vancouver magazines, and her work has appeared in ELLE Decoration, Edible Vancouver, Bon Appétite, Food & Wine, Food Network, Rue Magazines, and more.
Starboard & Port (Chase Heilman & George Ferris)
Food/Drink, Portraiture, Lifestyle, GIF/Cinemagraph, Home/Garden, Industrial, Landscape
1 417 818 0255 Email Website Instagram Bio
star·board & port ˈstär-bərd & ˈpȯrt1: a nautical term referring to the left and right sides of a waterborne vessel.2: S&P is driven through George's attention to detail and precision in conjunction with Chase's creative visualization and communication.Starboard & Port was born on a sandy beach in New Jersey when two creatives came together through their fondness of travel and photography. With a clink of a bourbon glass, they headed out West to plant roots in Springfield, Missouri. The foundation of S&P is simple; innovators perfecting their craft while creating remarkable images. With over 20 years combined experience stretching from the Atlantic and Pacific, both Co-Captains of Starboard & Port bring something unique to the table.3400 sq ft downtown studioFull kitchen, client lounge, conference & work space
Dhanraj Emanuel
Food/Drink, Travel, Portraiture, Social Documentary, Conceptual, Still Life/Product
I think sharing food is a fundamental way for us to connect, understand, and celebrate each other. It's something we all look forward to: a cocktail or dinner at the end of the day, a recipe handed down, a pizza. That's what makes food celebratory.With the onset of COVID-19, and people all over the world having to practice social isolation, these values surrounding food have been amplified. We swap recipes, share pictures of dishes we've made and the nostalgic memories they bring — to fill the void left by the absence of human interaction. Food it seems is the common thread in our lives, sustenance for many, history, culture, and memory for some but, identity for all.My photographs seek to highlight these meaningful connections between people and food.
Corporate, Food/Drink, Sports/Fitness, Portraiture, Lifestyle, Education, Healthcare
My name is Greg. I grew up in the South. I never say no to black coffee and chess pie. I know a little bit about a lot of stuff. Like how to tie a bowline, when to prune a rose bush and what makes a tasty rub. I like to pan-fry, sautee, bake, roast and grill whatever I can get my hands on. I married a woman who likes fast cars. Together, we have a couple of kids, a couple of dogs and a trailerful of outdoor gear that is mostly mine. I love my job because I get to meet people from all walks of life. I've photographed truck drivers, crabbers, mariachi and linemen. Robot makers, whiskey makers, fridge makers and nut pickers. Professional wrestlers, UN ambassadors, hall-of-famers and polka enthusiasts. Surgeons, CEOs, Air Force One pilots and brewers. Every person I frame up with my camera gives me a little more insight and a broader understanding of what it means to be a person living a life on this planet. Whether I'm telling the stories of real people or working with casting agents to gather the group you like, you can bet I'll connect with whomever we have on the other side of my camera. Gimme a call and let's go make some pictures!
260 Haverford Ave. Narberth, PA 19072


text:
researchClue.com
...Home for Nigerian Researchers
Hire a Writer
GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURE AND AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION IN NIGERIA (1970 – 2010)
The socio-economic development of any nation is usually dependent on many factors, which combine to ensure the successful attainment of set development goals. One of such factors is agriculture. Its discovery dates back to 800 BC period regarded as the new Stone Age, when man began to till soil and grow crops using crude implements made out of stone (Anderson, 1995). According to Maslow, 1954, food is one of the physiological needs of man, which must be satisfied before other needs could be attained. Supporting Maslow's assertion, Morgan and Henson (1085) argue that agriculture will remain an indispensable factor until the end of human existence.
The importance of agriculture in the socio-economic development of every nation has made many countries of the world (i.e. developed and developing) to place more emphasis on its development. This is evident in the number of programmes that have been introduced by both international agencies and individual countries to ensure improvement in agricultural activities. In Nigeria for instance, successive governments have introduced and implemented programmes in this regard. Such programmes include Operation Feed the Nation (O.F.N.), Agricultural Research Policy, Agricultural Development Project, Agricultural Credit Government Scheme, The Green Revolution, River Basin Development Authorities (RBDA), National Agriculture Land Development, Nigeria Agricultural and Co-operative Bank (NACB), The Structural Adjustment Programme (SAP), Directorate of Food, Roads and rural Infrastructure (DFRRI), (Anyanwu, 1960-1997). It is however, disheartening that despite the laudable nature of these programmes and the huge financial resource expended on them, their impact on the economy remains as infinitesimal.
However, the problem, which the Nigeria agricultural sector suffers till date, could be traced to the discovery of crude oil. The discovery of crude oil deposit in various parts of the country in commercial quantities in mid 1960's coupled with the oil boom of 1974 as a result of the America, affected adversely the agricultural sector. The economy therefore, became heavily dependent on oil. For instance, oil sector provides 20% of GDP, 95% of foreign exchange earnings, about 85% of total export and 65% of budgetary revenue (Anyanwu, 1997).
Agricultural contributions to the economy were instrumental in sustaining economic growth and stability, stable growth in agricultural exports was the backbone of favourable balance of trade. Primary processing of raw materials from the agricultural sector hence helped in the sectors through the imposition of taxes and accumulation of marketing surpluses, which were used to finance many development project.
Agricultural sector notwithstanding is more else degenerating to a type of peasant agriculture, which is caught in vicious cycle of poverty where destination caused by low income, and disguised employment lends to poor saving and little investment in technology. This therefore, calls for the attention of the government for the development of the sector. The development of agricultural sector is one of the crucial requirement for moving the economy forward. This study therefore, tends to investigate government expenditure on agricultural production in Nigeria and how to increase its productivity and role in the economy.
Format: Ms Word Document
Price: N 3,000
Chapters: 1-5
Making Awesome Presentations: Tips and Tricks for Project Defense
Developing Outstanding Research Topics
Challenges of Personal Income Taxation in Ghana
Work-Life Balance and its Effect on Employee Productivity.
Effect of Employee Benefits on Organizational Performance
Impact of Monetary Policies on Foreign Trade in Nigeria
© , All Rights Reserved. │Terms of Use│Contact Us│info@researchclue.com
Click to Generate Reference


That's what friends told him.He looks at the unpacked boxes around the apartment, hoping he hadn't packed any of her stuff in his haste.
Floating along the ebbs of the ocean,toward the horizon, where time has no say,an end that will never be reached.
"You sure?" He nods. "Maybe it was pneuomonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanoconiosis." Flash of a smile, sobbing laughter, like an abandoned seal.
A decade, at minimum, was how long their notes had transpired.Still, they all knew how it would end.
She sometimes ate her dinner standing up, in front of her living room window.


How much is Judd Gregg Worth?
Judd Gregg Net Worth: Judd Gregg is an American politician and attorney who has a net worth of $3 million. Born Judd Alan Gregg on February 14, 1947, in Nashua, New Hampshire, he was the 76th Governor of New Hampshire, as well as a United States Senator from New Hampshire that served as chairman of the Senate Budget Committee. Currently serving as the Chair of the Public Advisory Board at the New Hampshire Institute of Politics at Saint Anselm College, he was both a businessman and attorney before fully diving into politics. A member of the Republican Party, Gregg was nominated for Secretary of Commerce in the Cabinet by President Barack Obama, a position that he quit on February 12, 2009. Even though he would have been up for re-election the following year, he opted not to run. Leaving the political scene, Gregg had been named an international advisor to Goldman Sachs, a leading global investment banking, securities and investment management firm based in NYC. As of May 2013, Judd Gregg was the one to be named the CEO of the Securities Industry and Financial Markets Association, a Wall Street lobbying group.


This official Janis Joplin t-shirt features Janis's actual hand-drawn art: The word "peace" and the heart. Only available through Bluescentric, every sale benefits Janis Joplin's estate.
She just wanted to sing the blues like her heroes Bessie Smith or Big Mama Horton... But Janis Joplin's music defined an era, earning her accolades as one of the most famed musicians of the 20th century -- even though she tragically died at just 27 years old.
This Bluescentric Brand Janis Joplin t-shirt is available in premium lightweight 4.2oz vintage style sizes up to 4XL. Solid colors are 100% combed, ringspun cotton. Athletic Heather is 90% cotton. All other Heather colors are 52% cotton, 48% poly. Sizes run true. These t shirts are lighter and slightly more fitted compared to the Classic Gildan tees.


Highest Strength Broccoli Alcohol-FREE liquid extract! To purchase an Alcohol-based version of this extract please follow this link: http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B00NCZS0PC/ (Copy and Paste the Link into a Browser Address Bar).
Broccoli Alcohol-FREE liquid extract contains ONLY natural ingredients!
High Quality Broccoli Alcohol-FREE liquid extract- we use classic conventional methods of extraction! We meticulously produce our extracts according to precise standards where each herb is extracted according to the distinct characteristic of each plant!
Broccoli is also known as Brassica olaracea, Wild Cabbage, and Cauliflower. Broccoli is an edible green plant in the cabbage family, whose large flowering head is used as a vegetable. In addition to sulforaphane glucosinolate, broccoli sprouts are a superior source of Vitamin A, selenium and a good source of beta-carotene. Three-day-old broccoli sprouts contain 20 times the concentration of sulforaphane glucosinolate found in mature broccoli.
Super concentrated Broccoli Alcohol-FREE extract: dried material / menstruum ratio is 1:3!
We strictly use Only Certified or ethically sourced wild harvested raw material, vegetable palm glycerin and crystal clear artesian purified water! Really the BEST Broccoli herbal glycerite on market!


text:
\section{Introduction}
For a non-empty polytope $ P $, the \emph{linear extension complexity} of $ P $ is defined as the smallest number of
facets of any polytope that can be affinely projected onto $ P $, and is denoted by $ \operatorname{xc}(P) $.
Given any non-empty polytopes $P$ and $Q$, one can easily observe that $ \operatorname{xc}(P \times Q) \le \operatorname{xc}(P) + \operatorname{xc}(Q) $, while it is an open question whether this inequality actually holds as an equality, i.e., whether
\begin{equation}
    \label{eqProductEqualsSum}
    \operatorname{xc}(P \times Q) = \operatorname{xc}(P) + \operatorname{xc}(Q)
\end{equation}
holds in general.
This question has been asked at several occasions (see, e.g.,~\cite[Conj.~1]{GPS2016} or~\cite[Prob.~3]{W2016}) but it
seems that the most general case in which is it known that~\eqref{eqProductEqualsSum} holds is when one of the two
polytopes is a simplex.
The latter fact has been observed by several authors and can be explicitly found in~\cite[Cor.~10]{GPS2016}.
In this note, we prove that~\eqref{eqProductEqualsSum} holds whenever one of the two polytopes is a pyramid
(in Section~\ref{sec:prel} we recall the definition of a pyramid):
\begin{thm}
    \label{thmMain}
    Let $ P,Q $ be non-empty polytopes such that one of the two polytopes is a pyramid.
    %
    Then we have $ \operatorname{xc}(P \times Q) = \operatorname{xc}(P) + \operatorname{xc}(Q) $.
\end{thm}
While pyramids are still very special polytopes, with respect to linear extensions they are closely related to their
bases, which can be arbitrary polytopes.
Indeed, given a pyramid $ P $ with base $ B $ it is easy to see that $ \operatorname{xc}(P) = \operatorname{xc}(B) + 1 $ holds.
Thus, although our proof crucially exploits the structure of Cartesian products involving a pyramid, we hope that our
result opens doors for further generalizations.

In the next section, we discuss basic ingredients needed for the proof of Theorem~\ref{thmMain} while the proof itself
is given in Section~\ref{secProof}.

\section{Preliminaries}\label{sec:prel}
A polytope $ P \subseteq \mathbb{R}^d $ is called a \emph{pyramid with base $ B \subseteq \mathbb{R}^d $ and apex $ v \in \mathbb{R}^d $} if $ P
= \operatorname{conv}(B \cup \{v\}) $ and $ v $ is not contained in the affine hull of $ B $.
Note that $ v $ is contained in every facet of $ P $ except for one which contains all remaining vertices of $ P $.

Let $ P = \{ x \in \mathbb{R}^d : \langle a_i,x \rangle \le b_i \ i=1,\dotsc,m \} = \operatorname{conv} \{ v_1,\dotsc,v_n \} $ for some $
a_1,\dotsc,a_m \in \mathbb{R}^d $, $ b_1,\dotsc,b_m \in \mathbb{R} $, and $ v_1,\dotsc,v_m \in \mathbb{R}^d $, where $ \langle \cdot,\cdot
\rangle $ denotes the Euclidean scalar product of $ \mathbb{R}^d $.
Then the matrix $ S \in \mathbb{R}^{m \times n}_{\ge 0} $ defined via $ S_{i,j} := b_i - \langle a_i,v_j \rangle $ is called a
\emph{slack matrix} of $ P $.
A well-known result of Yannakakis~\cite{Y1991} states that the linear extension complexity of $ P $ is equal to the
\emph{nonnegative rank} of $ S $, which is defined as the smallest number $ r_+(S) $ such that $ S $ can be written as
the sum of $ r_+(S) $ nonnegative rank-one matrices. The nonnegative rank $r_+(S)$ of a polytope is indeed well defined despite the fact its definition relies on the slack matrix $S$ which, in turn, is defined by a particular linear description of $P$. This follows from the fact that $r_+(S)$ neither depends on the scaling of the constraints used to describe $P$ nor on the potential presence of redundant constraints.

Although not needed for this work, the interested reader may consider the surveys~\cite{K2011,CCZ2013} and the book
chapter~\cite[Chap.~4]{CCZ2014} as excellent sources for background information and recent developments on linear
extended formulations.

In our proof, we make use of two simple facts about decompositions into nonnegative rank-one matrices:
Let $ S = R^1 + \dotsb + R^k $ where $ R^1,\dotsc,R^k $ are nonnegative rank-one matrices and suppose that $ S_{i,j} = 0
$ holds.
First, since all $ R^\ell $ are nonnegative, this implies $ (R^\ell)_{i,j} = 0 $ for all $ \ell $.
Second, since all $ R^\ell $ have rank one, for every pair of indices $ (i',j') $ and every $ \ell $ we must have $
(R^\ell)_{i',j} = 0 $ or $ (R^\ell)_{i,j'} = 0 $.

Given two polytopes $ P,Q $ with
\begin{align*}
    P & = \{ x \in \mathbb{R}^{d_P} : \langle a^P_i,x \rangle \le b^P_i \ i=1,\dotsc,m_P \} = \operatorname{conv} \{ v^P_1,\dotsc,v^P_{n_P} \}
    \intertext{and}
    Q & = \{ y \in \mathbb{R}^{d_Q} : \langle a^Q_i,y \rangle \le b^Q_i \ i=1,\dotsc,m_Q \} = \operatorname{conv} \{ v^Q_1,\dotsc,v^Q_{n_Q} \},
\end{align*}
one immediately obtains
\begin{alignat*}{10}
    P \times Q & = \{ (x,y) \in \mathbb{R}^{d_P} \times \mathbb{R}^{d_Q} \ \, : & & \langle a^P_i,x \rangle \le b^P_i \ i=1,\dotsc,m_P, \\
               &                                           & & \langle a^Q_i,y \rangle \le b^Q_i \ i=1,\dotsc,m_Q \} \\
               & = \operatorname{conv} \{ (v_i^P, v_j^Q) : i \in [n_P], & & \, j \in [n_Q] \}.
\end{alignat*}
Thus, if $ S \in \mathbb{R}^{m_P \times n_P}_{\ge 0} $ and $ T = [ t_1 \dotsb t_{n_Q} ] \in \mathbb{R}^{m_Q \times n_Q}_{\ge 0}
$ are slack matrices of $ P $ and $ Q $, respectively, then the matrix
\medskip
\begin{center}
    \begin{tikzpicture}[scale=2]
        \draw (0.5,1) -- (4.5,1);
        \draw (0.5,1.5) -- (4.5,1.5);
        \draw (0.5,2.5) -- (4.5,2.5);

        \draw (0.5,1) -- (0.5,2.5);
        \draw (1.5,1) -- (1.5,2.5);
        \draw (2.5,1) -- (2.5,2.5);
        \draw (3.5,1) -- (3.5,2.5);
        \draw (4.5,1) -- (4.5,2.5);

        \node at (1,2) {$ S $};
        \node at (2,2) {$ S $};
        \node at (3,2) {$ \dotsb $};
        \node at (4,2) {$ S $};

        \node at (1,1.25) {$ t_1 \dotsb t_1 $};
        \node at (2,1.25) {$ t_2 \dotsb t_2 $};
        \node at (3,1.25) {$ \dotsb $};
        \node at (4,1.25) {$ t_{n_Q} \dotsb t_{n_Q} $};

        \node at (5.5,1.75) {$ \in \mathbb{R}^{(m_P + m_Q) \times (n_P \cdot n_Q)}_{\ge 0} $};
    \end{tikzpicture}
\end{center}
\medskip
is a slack matrix of $ P \times Q $, where $ t_1,\dotsc,t_{n_Q} \in \mathbb{R}^{m_Q}_{\ge 0} $ denote the columns of $ T $.
The columns of the above slack matrix correspond, from left to right, to the vertices $(v_1^P, v_1^Q), (v_2^P,v_1^Q),\ldots, (v_{n_p}^P,v_1^Q), (v_1^P,v_2^Q), (v_2^P,v_2^Q), \ldots ,(v_{n_p}^P,v_{n_Q}^Q)$. Moreover, the first block of rows correspond to the constraints of $P$ and the second block of rows to the constraints of $Q$.

\section{Proof of Theorem~\ref{thmMain}}
\label{secProof}
We may assume that $ Q $ is a pyramid.
First, note that there exists a slack matrix $ S \in \mathbb{R}^{m_P \times n_P}_{\ge 0} $ of $ P $ such that every row contains
at least one entry being zero.
Indeed, every row containing no entry being zero corresponds to a redundant inequality and hence can be removed from the
description of $ P $.
Second, by assuming that the description of $Q$ does not contain any redundant inequalities, the slack matrix $T\in \mathbb{R}^{m_Q\times n_Q}$ of $Q$ has the form
\medskip
\begin{center}
    \begin{tikzpicture}[scale=1]
        \draw (0.5,1) -- (2,1);
        \draw (0.5,1.5) -- (2,1.5);
        \draw (0.5,2.5) -- (2,2.5);

        \draw (0.5,1) -- (0.5,2.5);
        \draw (1.5,1) -- (1.5,2.5);
        \draw (2,1) -- (2,2.5);

        \node at (0,1.75) {$ T = $};

        \node at (1,2) {$ T' $};
        \node at (1.75,2) {$ \mathbb{O} $};

        \node at (1,1.25) {$ \mathbb{O} $};
        \node at (1.75,1.25) {$ 1 $};
    \end{tikzpicture}
\end{center}
where $ T' \in \mathbb{R}^{(m_Q - 1) \times (n_Q - 1)}_{\ge 0} $.
Thus, the matrix $ A \in \mathbb{R}^{(m_P + m_Q) \times (n_P \cdot n_Q)}_{\ge 0} $ defined via
\medskip
\begin{center}
    \begin{tikzpicture}[scale=2]
        \fill[greenTable] (0.5,1.5) rectangle (4.5,2.5);
        \fill[blueTable] (4.5,1.5) rectangle (5.5,2.5);
        \fill[redTable] (0.5,1) rectangle (4.5,1.5);
        \fill[blueTable] (4.5,0.7) rectangle (5.5,1);

        \draw (0.5,0.70) -- (5.5,0.70);
        \draw (0.5,1) -- (5.5,1);
        \draw (0.5,1.5) -- (5.5,1.5);
        \draw (0.5,2.5) -- (5.5,2.5);

        \draw (0.5,0.7) -- (0.5,2.5);
        \draw (1.5,0.7) -- (1.5,2.5);
        \draw (2.5,0.7) -- (2.5,2.5);
        \draw (3.5,0.7) -- (3.5,2.5);
        \draw (4.5,0.7) -- (4.5,2.5);
        \draw (5.5,0.7) -- (5.5,2.5);

        \node at (0.2,1.5) {$ A := $};

        \node at (1,2) {$ S $};
        \node at (2,2) {$ S $};
        \node at (3,2) {$ \dotsb $};
        \node at (4,2) {$ S $};
        \node at (5,2) {$ S $};

        \node at (1,1.25) {$ t'_1 \dotsb t'_1 $};
        \node at (2,1.25) {$ t'_2 \dotsb t'_2 $};
        \node at (3,1.25) {$ \dotsb $};
        \node at (4,1.25) {$ t'_k \dotsb t'_k $};
        \node at (5,1.25) {$ \mathbb{O} $};

        \node at (1,0.85) {$ \mathbb{O} $};
        \node at (2,0.85) {$ \mathbb{O} $};
        \node at (3,0.85) {$ \dotsb $};
        \node at (4,0.85) {$ \mathbb{O} $};
        \node at (5,0.85) {$ 1 \dotsb 1 $};
    \end{tikzpicture}
\end{center}
\medskip
is a slack matrix of $ P \times Q $, where $ t'_1,\dotsc,t'_k \in \mathbb{R}^{m_Q - 1}_{\ge 0} $ are the columns of $ T'
$ (here $ k = n_Q - 1 $).
Recall that we have $ \operatorname{xc}(P \times Q) = r_+(A) $, $ \operatorname{xc}(P) = r_+(S) $, and $ \operatorname{xc}(Q) = r_+(T) $.
Furthermore, it is straightforward to check that $ r_+(T) = r_+(T') + 1 $ holds.
Thus, it remains to show that
\[
    r_+(A) \ge r_+(S) + r_+(T') + 1
\]
holds.
For the sake of contradiction, let us assume that we have
\[
    r_+(A) \le r_+(S) + r_+(T'),
\]
i.e., there exists a set $ \mathcal{R} $ of nonnegative rank-one matrices in $ \mathbb{R}^{(m_P + m_Q) \times (n_P \cdot n_Q)}_{\ge 0}
$ with $ |\mathcal{R}| \le r_+(S) + r_+(T') $ whose sum is equal to $ A $.
Let $ {\color{myred} \mathcal{R}'} $ and $ {\color{myblue} \mathcal{R}''} $ denote the set of matrices in $ \mathcal{R} $ that have support in the {\color{myred} red} {} and {\color{myblue} blue} {}
parts of $ A $, respectively.

\claim{The sets $ {\color{myred} \mathcal{R}'} $ and $ {\color{myblue} \mathcal{R}''} $ form a partition of $ \mathcal{R} $ satisfying $ |{\color{myred} \mathcal{R}'}| = r_+(T') $ and $ |{\color{myblue} \mathcal{R}''}| =
r_+(S) $.}

First, observe that $ {\color{myred} \mathcal{R}'} $ and $ {\color{myblue} \mathcal{R}''} $ are disjoint due to the $\mathbb{O}$-block within $A$ that is below the {\color{myblue} blue} {} $S$-block.
Since the {\color{myred} red} {} part of $ A $ contains $ T' $ as a submatrix, we must have $ |{\color{myred} \mathcal{R}'}| \ge r_+(T') $, and since the {\color{myblue} blue} {}
part contains $ S $ as a submatrix, we must have $ |{\color{myblue} \mathcal{R}''}| \ge r_+(S) $, which yields the claim.

\claim{There exists at least one matrix in $ {\color{myred} \mathcal{R}'} $ that has support in the {\color{mygreen} green} {} part of $ A $.}

Since the nonnegative rank of the {\color{mygreen} green} {} submatrix of $ A $ is equal to the nonnegative rank of $ S $, at least $ r_+(S)
$ matrices in $ \mathcal{R} $ must have support in this part.
Note that at least one matrix in $ {\color{myblue} \mathcal{R}''} $ has support in the last row of the {\color{myblue} blue} {} part of $ A $ and hence it cannot
have support in the {\color{mygreen} green} {} part of $ A $.
The claim follows since $ |{\color{myblue} \mathcal{R}''}| = r_+(S) $.

\claim{Let $ R \in {\color{myred} \mathcal{R}'} $ and pick exactly one column of each of the $ k $ {\color{myred} red} {} submatrices of $ A $. Then $ R $ has
support in at least one of these columns.}

Suppose the contrary.
Then we can pick exactly one column of each of the $ k $ {\color{myred} red} {} submatrices of $ A $ such that $ R $ has no
support on any of these columns.
Restricting to the submatrix formed by these columns, observe that this submatrix is identical to $ T' $ but can be
written as the sum of all matrices in $ {\color{myred} \mathcal{R}'} \setminus \{R\} $ and hence $ r_+(T') \le |{\color{myred} \mathcal{R}'}| - 1 = r_+(T') - 1 $, a
contradiction.

\claim{No matrix in $ {\color{myred} \mathcal{R}'} $ can have support in the {\color{mygreen} green} {} part of $ A $ (a contradiction to Claim~2).}

Assume that there is some $ R \in {\color{myred} \mathcal{R}'} $ that has a positive entry $ e_1 $ in the {\color{mygreen} green} {} part of $ A $.
By our choice of $ S $, every of the first $ k $ blocks of $ A $ contains a column of $ A $ in which this row has a zero
entry.
By the previous claim, $ R $ has a positive entry $ e_2 $ in the {\color{myred} red} {} part of one of these columns.
Restricting $ R $ to the two-by-two submatrix containing the entries $ e_1,e_2 $, it looks as follows (up to swapping
its columns):
\medskip
\begin{center}
    \begin{tikzpicture}
        \fill[greenTable] (0.5,1.5) rectangle (2.5,2.5);
        \fill[redTable] (0.5,0.5) rectangle (2.5,1.5);

        \node at (1,2) {\footnotesize $ e_1 > 0 $};
        \node at (2,2) {\footnotesize $ 0 $};
        \node at (2,1) {\footnotesize $ e_2 > 0 $};
        \node at (1,1) {\footnotesize $ * $};

        \draw (0.5,0.5) -- (2.5,0.5);
        \draw (0.5,1.5) -- (2.5,1.5);
        \draw (0.5,2.5) -- (2.5,2.5);
        \draw (0.5,0.5) -- (0.5,2.5);
        \draw (1.5,0.5) -- (1.5,2.5);
        \draw (2.5,0.5) -- (2.5,2.5);
    \end{tikzpicture}
\end{center}
\medskip
However, there is no rank-one matrix with such a sign pattern. \qed

\bibliographystyle{plain}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


Do you wish to be a part of a team comprised of ninety years of hard work and dedication? Do you have a genuine passion for building, designing, or selling? If so, we would love to hear your interests, and how you could enhance our vision here at Lezzer Lumber. Our employees are trained extensively to reach the goals of the company while simultaneously meeting the needs of the customer. Lezzer Lumber takes pride in providing our employees with competitive wages and a great benefits packages. The success of Lezzer Lumber relies heavily on the success and dedication of our employees.
Our mission is to be the preferred supplier of building materials for all customer by providing quality materials, a knowledgeable staff and exceptional service at a fair and competitive price. We will uphold the highest standard of integrity and moral conduct in our dealings with our customers, suppliers and fellow employees.
In compliance with Federal and State equal opportunity laws, qualified applicants are considered for employment without regard to race, color, religion, national origin, marital status, veteran status or disability, which, with or without a reasonable accommodation, would not prevent an application from performing all of the essential functions of the relevant job.


text:
Star Smith 0
HOA forcing homeowner to choose between losing her home or her MFA education.
Star Smith 0 Comments
Star Victoria is a rising star in the film industry. She's directed over 14 short films and just recently finished directing a feature documentary. She's also worked for over 10 years in the Atlanta film community as a first assistant director, script supervisor, unit production manager, and even a VFX assistant coordinator on Alvin & The Chipmunks.
She's has graciously shared her knowledge by mentoring young filmmakers at Camp Flix & as a protege leader for Whitestone Motion Pictures protege program.
Star was accepted to the #1 film school according to the Hollywood Reporter, USC for her MFA in film production. Her homeowners association at 12 Centennial Park condominiums. Home Owners Advantage refuses to grant her a a hardship permit so that she may rent her condo while she is attending school in California. The hardship permit specifically states if one is granted acceptance into a university or college outside of the state one qualifies for approval of a hardship to rent their condominium.
Star has been denied twice within the last three months without explanation. When she questioned her homeowners association and asked specifically for the reason she was denied the information. When she asked specifically for the representatives on the board she was also denied the information. So at this point the HOA has given her a choice to either lose out on a number one world-class education or lose her home. Does this sound fair that she has to choose between her education or home?
If you believe that this is unfair just as she believes please be kind and sign the petition so that she may put this into the hands of the homeowners management company as well as the HOA board.
And if having a petition signed by many people isn't ample enough motivation for the HOA to give her the hardship, she is willing to have a protest at her condominium association by purchasing a protesting permit. Star is willing to make such a big deal about the situation that they realize the unfairness of the situation and grant her the hardship. By signing this petition you agree with Star.
Show her you support her and that you also want to see her have the opportunity to go to school and still keep her home. Make your voice be heard by signing this petition and let the HOA know that having to make a choice between getting a higher education like an MFA or choosing to keep your home is unjust and they should be ashamed of themselves for putting her in such a predicament.
Sign this and let them know that they need to grant her the hardship or expect a protest in front of the building!


Voting membership shall consist of those who qualify for membership under article IIl of the constitution.
the Alumni Association Advisory Council.
2. The Council accepts the submission by a majority vote.
It is expected that these members serve as models of support by giving, participating, recruiting, and endorsing for the benefit of MCC.
New members of the council shall be elected by majority vote of existing Advisory Council for a three-year term. Elections shall be structured so that approximately one-third of the membership is elected annually.
The Advisory Council shall meet semi-annually at times to be determined by the Executive Committee.
To approve officers and members of the Advisory Council.
To approve the annual budget.
To provide information and opinion on behalf of the Alumni to the Board of Trustees and administration of Manhattan Christian College.
To approve amendments to the MCC Alumni Association constitution.
1. Preside over all general Advisory Council and Executive Committee meetings.
2. Call special meetings as necessary as directed in article VI.
ex-officio member of each committee.
4. Vote only in the case of a tie.
5. Carry out any other duty common to the office.
6. Serve as an ex-officio member of the MCC Board of Trustees.
7. Be the liaison between MCC and MCC alumni association members.
1. The duties of the president in case of the president's inability to carry them out.
2. Duties assigned by the president.
Record and distribute minutes of all meetings.
Notify Advisory Council about meetings.
Oversee financial transactions of the MCC Alumni Association.
To nurture life-long relationships with alumni, currents students and alumni association members.
To offer services that will carry out the alumni association vision.
To serve as a non-voting, ex-officio member of the Alumni association Board.
This organization and its programs are underwritten by Manhattan Christian College. In turn, Manhattan Christian College is supported by the activities of this organization. Authorization of the payment of funds must come from the treasurer and president of the alumni association in consultation with the alumni relations director. The business office of the college shall record all funds received and disbursed.
A. Vacancy of the presidency results in the vice-president assuming the office of the president until the next general election.
article VII of the Constitution.
The conduct of all meetings of this organization is at the discretion of the president.
Those attending any meeting of this organization called according to this constitution and bylaws constitute a quorum.
In order to implement the over-all purpose of the association, specific projects shall be selected and carried out each year for the benefit of alumni and MCC. These projects shall be supported by alumni contributions and Manhattan Christian College.
These by-laws may be amended by a vote of three-fourths of the total number of votes cast, whether by person or by proxy, at any given meeting, provided that notice has been given to all members at least thirty days in advance of such vote.


A ceremonial fire outdoors in the amphitheater at Abrons Art Center centering Indigenous protocol and knowledge. Sit by the fire and welcome the evening with neighbors, stories, song, dance, and food (bring some to share). The fire for First Nations Dialogues includes performances by Allison Akootchook Warden, an Iñupiaq new genre artist; Brent Michael Davids, Lenape composer; Dåkot-ta Alcantara-camacho whose work spans ritual activation, performance art, installation, contemporary indigenous movement, and cultural responsibility; and Thomas E.S. Kelly, a Bundjalung-Yugambeh/Wiradjuri/Ni-Vanuatu multi-disciplinary artist and choreographer. Food generously prepared by Quentin Glabus, Frog Lake Cree First Nations from Alberta, Canada and member of I-Collective. Emily Johnson gratefully acknowledges Karyn Recollet's work in the concept of kinstillatory.
Hosted by Emily Johnson/Catalyst and Abrons Arts Center, join us every month from October to December for ceremonial fires in the Amphitheater that center Indigenous protocol and knowledge. Sit by the fire and welcome the evening with neighbors, stories, food (bring some to share), and dancing.
Should there be rain or other inclement weather, the event will be canceled. Please check our website, Facebook and Instagram for updates.
Kinstillatory Mappings in Light and Dark Matter was created with funding from The MAP Fund, supported by the Doris Duke Charitable Foundation and the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation.


3.5 1994# payload towing 7800 dry 1100 tongue weight.
Sirikenewtron and BobRoss like this.
But, it's all I need to go camping.. Just 2 of us and I've had this trailer since brand new and originally towed with my old 97 F150 with a 5.4 in it..
Been paid for since year 3 of owning it so I just hitch it up and go camping!
Done a ton of mods to the trailer to make it work for us and it's been great all these years.
Here is the old 97 and the Prowler.
Ain't a damn thing wrong with keeping it simple and paid off. More people should play that way!
snakebitten, Mitchf150 and Mulyhuntr like this.
I will post a pic when I get the trailer back from the shop. 1st tow with my '18 was my 1978 Airstream Excella 500 (8900 GVW) named Gilbert. He's at the shop getting a new refrigerator. Cruise set at 67, stayed in 9th gear, computer said 11.4mpg during the 60 mile trip.
1850 or 1900lb, don't remember exactly towing this pile of crap. 2018 heartland sundance xlt 283rb, almost 35' over all (rear slides out to almost 39') 6950 "dry", 9600 gross, Dry TW 960. We pack everything over the axles of the camper, only thing in the truck is us and sometimes the kayak..
Newbie question. We pick up our first RV next week, haven't towed anything in over 40 years, so I'm assuming a big learning curve for us. You said you pack everything over the axles. It appears that's where your slide is. How do you pack stuff there? Doesn't seem to be much room.
I think what OP is saying is....."theirs a whole lot of extra weight with gear added".
We have room in the living area to put stuff like the cooler and a few other large items. We also have room in the back room for some other stuff. We use the back storage for heavy stuff like liquids instead of the front pass through.
Weighed my truck today with full bag of fuel, wife and me. 5190#. Pickup our first travel trailer Monday morning. I'll weigh again Monday with brand new 28' travel trailer straight from dealer, so I'll know how much stuff I can add and still be comfortable. First time towing anything besides a 12' UHaul trailer for the first time.
Biggest thing i would recommend is use a good WDH with sway control, and set it up yourself. The dealers goal is to get out out the door asap, not dialing in your hitch. Follow the manufacturer's recommendations to start and if it's not to your liking make small adjustments to dial it in. Every combo is different and you just have to find the happy medium.
Thanks! I'm thinking I'll let the dealer set it up so I can get on the road, and to where it's gonna park. Drive home is west on interstate 10, exit 70 to exit 7, 3 miles of 4-lane road, then about 9 miles of 2-lane road. I'll "see how it feels", and make adjustments from there.
Payload = Combined weight of occupants and cargo. Or does it?


Be like Neo. The Nokia 8110 Matrix phone is now £29.99.
Okay, Neo rocked a special black version but we like the yellow.
Nearly year after winning Mobile World Congress for a second year in a row, Nokia's cool-looking, retro slider phone; the 8110, has just received a massive price drop courtesy of the good people at EE.
You can now grab the Nokia 8110 in yellow for just £29.99 when you top up £10. That is such a ridiculous bargain, even if you just want to collect a piece of mobile phone history and show the kids. It also serves well as a second phone or if you fancy a digital detox from your super-powered, app-packed smartphone. The black version is available to but that version is £44.99.
The Nokia 8110 is 4G compatible with a unique curved design which you can slide open and shut to make and receive calls (and look cool doing it). One of the big standout features is the 25 days standby time, thanks to the impressive battery life. An ideal phone if you're travelling a lot or heading of to festivals this summer.
We've no idea how much stock EE have left so if you're going to grab this one get it soon as it could disappear pretty quick at this price. Head here to buy yours.
Take a look at the videos below for more Nokia 8110 information and our unboxing.


As might have been obvious from yesterday, the truth, falsity, or the somewhere-in-betweenness of any conclusion-hypothesis-proposition can only be assessed with reference to a list of assumptions, premises, data. That is, you cannot know the status of any proposition without some list of premises. Different premises lead to different statuses.
In particular, this means that you cannot ask, "What is the probability of X?", where X is some proposition. For example, you cannot ask, X = "What is the probability that I roll a six on a die?" This probability does not exist. Similarly, you cannot ask, Y = "What is the probability that Socrates is mortal?" This probability also does not exist. There are no unconditional probabilities, no unconditional arguments of any kind.
Pr( Y | E ) = 1.
for that is forever unknown. There just is no such thing as an unconditional probability, just as there are no such things as unconditional logical arguments, just as there are no such things as unconditional mathematical theorems, and so on. If you find yourself disagreeing, have a go at creating the probability of some hypothesis that does not make reference to any assumptions/premises/data.
It's important to understand that E is only that which we assume is true. It matters not one whit whether E—with respect to some other set of premises—really is true, or false, or somewhere in between. Logic concerns itself only with the connections between premises and conclusions. The premises and conclusions are something exterior, something given to us.
Pr( X | Ed ) = 1/6.
We have deduced—just as we do with all probabilities—the probability that X will be true. Notice that this says nothing about real dice in any real situation. This is just a logical argument, no different in nature from the premise "All Martians wear hats and George is a Martian" which lets us deduce that "George wears a hat." This conclusion with respect to this evidence is true, it's probability is 1; and this is so even though we know, with respect to observational evidence, that there are no Martians.
Pr( X | Ed ) = unknown.
Probability cannot be relative frequency. For example, given "Half of all Martians wear hats and George is a Martian" which lets us deduce that the probability "George wears a hat" is 0.5. But there is no relative frequency of this "experiment." This one counter-example is enough to show that the relative frequency interpretation of probability is false (it doesn't show it has things backwards; for that, read the book, paying attention to the references).
Probability cannot be subjective in the following sense. If we accept that "All men are mortal and Socrates is a man" then the probability that "Socrates is mortal" is 1. Even if we don't want it to be. And above the probability that "George wears a hat" cannot be anything but 0.5. Probability only appears to be subjective in some instances because we often are bad at listing the premises we hold when assessing probabilities. However, if we agree on the exact list of premises (and on the rules of logic) then we must agree on the probabilities deduced.
Probability cannot always be quantified. If we accept that "Some men are mortal and Socrates is a man" then the probability that "Socrates is mortal" is something between 0 and 1, but the exact number cannot be deduced.
Why doesn't adding "the six-sided object is weighted" or "the six-sided object is fair" to Ed change the probability that Pr( X | Ed ) = 1/6?
List the exact premises you hold in your Pr ("Barack Obama will be re-elected" | your premises).
Change the evidence "All men are mortal and Socrates is a man" so that the probability of "Socrates is mortal" is bounded between two fixed numbers.
In a tearing hurry today. Did not have time to check for typos!
I have never understood why Ed = "A six-sided object, just one side of which is labeled 6, will be tossed and only one side can show" is sufficient to give a probability of Pr( X | Ed ) = 1/6, where X = "A 6 shows".
I can think of countless six-sided objects where this is simply not the case – I have to add "regular" to the properties of the six sided object to believe that this probability holds – so I presume I would fail the Homework task.
I feel we are in the realm of the spheres, without gravity and goodness knows what else and where "tossed" means something different from everyday usage to understand Prof Briggs' point.
I also don't really get his requirement to list the exact presmises for Obama's reelection. How can my premises warrant a numerical precision better than 0<p<1?
Sure I can say, given that a coin toss is as reliable as any other method I'll say its 50:50.
If that gets me a mark for effort, well and good.
But I feel I am missing the point. That given is one iffy given, and surely that is where the debate lies? How do you get reasonable givens, not the consequences of what those givens give.
I noticed the same error as Chinahand in the definition of the six sided die. The sides must be of equal area. A pyramid with its top cut off would be an example with unequal probabilities.
Surely one of your premises in the Obama election is that he hasn't died before the election.** There must be others that amount to "all bets are off".
I think you've got a point on the 6-sided object. A square washer is 6-sided and I wouldn't assign an equal probability to all sides. Brigg's might have been thinking "cube" for his object.
** Let's hope not. There must be a reason why the VP was the #2 party choice. Could be he's a #2 kinda guy.
1) All other evidence not mentioned is assumed to have no bearing on the case – which is why it is not mentioned – so all faces are equally likely since there is no evidence to say they're not. This could easily be made explicit.
2) The evidence supplied is to be treated as incomplete and must be supplemented with statements about the area of the faces, the distribution of matter within the die, an accurate description of the force vector that results in the toss, a description of the force and direction of any impinging draughts, and so on until the cosmos has been described in detail with respect to this dice throw.
I assume most people work with 1).
What is the probability of getting a 6 on a six-sided die with each side showing a different number from 1 to 6? When there is no other information, some people may answer "I don't know." Others may resort to a supposedly reasonable answer of 1/6, i.e., using the uniform distribution by applying the principle of indifference.
Wouldn't it be simpler (at least for me, anyway) to just say that a probability satisfying certain axioms is assigned based on given evidence/premises (a measure of conditional uncertainty) and that objective means people tend to come to an agreement, one way or another, over time and with more acceptable evidence?
"True" is a verb. Sorta. X cannot simply be true; it must be true to something. Hence, a husband is true to his spouse; a student may be (as the Beach Boys taught) be true to his school. Fiction ought to be true to life; a scientific theory, true to the facts. A theorem in Euclid is true to the postulates and axioms of Euclid.
If I understand correctly, P(X)=p must be "true to" E, the oft-times unspoken or even unexamined assumptions; hence P(X|E)=p is a more precise way of expression. But E must be "true-worthy" (trustworthy), that is, it must merit the faith placed in it.
"Truth" relates to "faith" in that "to be faithful" means "to hold true" to something. One has faith that the dice are not loaded. A proposition is then true to the extent that it is faithful, not necessarily to the extent that it is factual. (Factual comes from the verbal participle factum est, "that which has the property of having been accomplished." Cognate with "feat". See German Tatsache, lit. deed-stuff. So: the proposition about Martian George is true but not factual. So is the fable of Beauty and the Beast.
Ed = A six-sided object non-uniform density with irregular faces, just one side of which is labeled 6, will be tossed and only one side can show.
There is enough information to say that it is unlikely to be the same for all 6 faces.
And we know that the sum of those probabilities must =1.
We also don't know if the 6 is on the larges face or the smallest face, on the light end or the heavy end.
But with the information we have the 6 could be on any of the faces, and we do not have a better model. 1/6 is still our best estimate of the likelihood of a 6 based on the information we have.
Obama-Romney, I can say that I think that Obama has a 55% chance of winning the election in November based on my information set. But, what does that mean? Does it mean that I would be willing to accept an even money wager? Not-necessarily. However, us fincancial types will take the reverse and flip it around. If a bookmaker is sets the betting line such that he will pay 82 cents for every dollar wagered. The fincancier would say that the bookmaker (or the market) is implying a 55% chance of victory for O.
There exists an infinite number of real-number measured six-sided objects (SSOs). Choose 1 six sided object from the universe of all six-sided objects. The probability of the side marked six being chosen with exact probabilty 1/6 = 0, because the probabality that X = x in any continuous distribution = 0. Also, there are equally many SSOs (infinite!) where the Pr(X|E) 1/6. Therefore, using CLT, the "exptected" P(X|E) converges to 1/6.
It deleted my less thans and greater thans. Last line should say that there are equal number of SSOs with Pr less than 1/6 and Pr greater than 1/6.
Swade016 – your explanation looks a lot like frequentism to me (though what do I know!). My understanding is Prof Briggs really, really dislikes frequentism.
This conversation rapidly gets caught up in empiricism vrs platonism.
Is it logical that a SSO will land with one particular side at a probability of 1/6? Or is this the long term average of an empirical experiment?
For me IT DEPENDS – which I suppose is sort of the point Prof Briggs seems to be making!
If you live in a universe with regular gravity, where regular objects keep their regular shape and where the creator doesn't have a real thing about the number 6 and hence doesn't intervene to stop someone tossing (whatever that actually means – can a macro-scale process ever really be totally random!) a 6 on a particular SSO. I think it is reasonable to assume a uniform regular SSO can be modelled with a probability of 1/6 for any particular side.
These assumptions aren't based on logic, but on empirical observation and if you lived in E(a universe with a hexaphobic intervening deity) you would be happy to say it was reasonable to assume the p(6|E) was zero.
I don't think there is any logic in that, which does make me a little unsure about Prof Brigg's insistance that this process is entirely logically based. Axioms aren't logical, they are just presumed … but I think that is the point Prof Briggs is making – logic, empiracism, whatever – you are making presumptions and they bound your model; be concious of that! Your presumptions may not be empirically valid, even if your model is rigorously internally consistent.
The valid answer for a die or an irregular die is "I can't know for sure, since there is insufficient information." The extra word "irregular" doesn't add any relevant information.
However, if you have to assign probabilities, e.g., you have to assign a prior in Bayesian analysis, then the principle of indifference is a heuristic rule to follow. It's not a probability axiom. The principle is also called principle of insufficient reason for obvious reasons. It doesn't determine the correct prior, but so-called an objective one.
The problems with the principle of indifference are well-known. Our dear friend Google is always here for us when there are problems.
Let E = "I have an object whose six sides are labelled 1 to 6 AND the probability of rolling a 6 is NOT 1/6".
Let X = "I roll a 6".
Then, according to my understanding of our host's argument, P(X | E) = 1/6 even though this directly contradicts E!
Note that I am accepting here the notion of probability-as-a-state-of-knowledge rather than probability-as-a-state-of-reality.
From any false or self-contradictory premise you may derive anything. Your E is not unlike those that run, "A six-sided object, etc. which is 'fair'." If C = "A 6 shows" then Pr(C|E) = 1/6, but it is a tautology. "Fair" just means "The probability of C given the probability of C is 1/6 is 1/6" which is true but circular.
For you Pr (X | E) does not equal 1/6. You have constructed a self-contradictory argument, also not unlike the "liar." For you, Pr(X|E) = undefined.