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Our ALM solution is used not only for building high quality applications but can be adapted for any type of product development. In addition, DevSuite can be extended to support project and portoflio management of multiple development projects.
DevSuite enables organization-wide collaboration for the management of requirements, specifications, product ideas, and any functional or technical design documents related to requirements, with integration points that allow you to drive development and testing directly from completed requirements.
DevSuite comprehensively tracks and manages all aspects of a development project, from feature stories and implementation tasks to product defects and change requests. Teams can effectively plan, organize and execute development work, and with tools to support both agile and traditional practices, DevTrack can easily be configured to fit your needs.
From test case creation, planning and execution through defect submission and resolution, DevSuite manages the complete quality lifecycle. Implement quality processes earlier in the development lifecycle to manage shorter deadlines, address complex contemporary testing challenges, and improve your deliverable software.
DevSuite includes KnowledgeWise, a central knowledge repository for managing documents, images, Wiki articles, Wiki books, and other digital assets and attachments. KnowledgeWise provides a fully configurable user interface and definable workflow process for tracking knowledge creation, review, publishing, and approval processes, and items in KnowledgeWise can be accessed from all areas of DevSuite.
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Gael Quality was looking for a solution that could handle more than 15,000 test cases, multiple resources and the ability to fully integrate result from external sources.
Radon Labs' main challenge was to find a solution that could easily handle more than 10,000 items per project, and TechExcel DevSuite was the only serious contender.
DevSuite resolves time zone differences and provides a collaborative environment for global software development teams.


text:
Q: If $\sum_{j=1}^\infty a_j$ is absolutely convergent, and $\sum_{j=1}^\infty b_j$ is conditionally convergent, can $\sum_{j=1}^\infty a_jb_j$ diverge?
Suppose $\sum_{j=1}^\infty a_j$ is absolutely convergent, and $\sum_{j=1}^\infty b_j$ is only conditionally convergent. Is it possible for $\sum_{j=1}^\infty a_jb_j$ to diverge?

I am trying to come up with a counter example but I am having a hard time.
Any hints?

A: We must have $b_j \to 0$. Hence there is some $N$ such that $|b_j|<1$ $\forall j \ge N$. But then $|a_j b_j| \le |a_j|$ $\forall j \ge N$ . Then the series $\sum_{j=1}^\infty a_jb_j$ is  absolutely convergent.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Talbert names 2018 dealer award winners
By Talbert
Talbert Manufacturing names Hale Trailer Brake & Wheel of Voorhees, N.J., as its top dealer for the 11th straight year.
Talbert Manufacturing, a North American leader in specialized heavy-haul solutions, names Hale Trailer Brake & Wheel, headquartered in Voorhees, N.J., as its top dealer for the 11th straight year. This award recognizes a Talbert dealer for outstanding performance in trailer sales, service and parts. Hale outperformed all other Talbert dealers in 2018 and was also recognized as the top parts seller for the year.
"For over a decade now, Hale has been heavily responsible for the success of Talbert trailers on the East Coast," Troy Geisler, Talbert Manufacturing vice-president of sales and marketing, said. "With 12 locations from Maine to Florida, their commitment to customer service and knowledgeable staff reflect Talbert's core values and we are proud to announce their 11th straight year as our top dealer. Accomplishments like this are a great example of what the right partnerships can achieve."
Hale is a full-service trailer dealership that sells new and used trailers and related equipment. The dealership also rents trailers, sells commercial trailer parts and accessories, and provides general trailer service and repairs.
Talbert also named Reno's Trailer Sales & Rental of Belle Vernon, Penn. as the most Improved dealer of 2018 and one of the top 10 dealers overall.
"The Luchini family has carried on Reno Luchini's 60-plus-year legacy of superb service for their customers in the greater Pittsburg area," Geisler said. "Lance and his sons, Matt and Zach, have the knowledge and experience to evaluate each customer's needs and communicate them to Talbert to provide the best possible fit. At Talbert, we value this customer-focused approach. Reno's has done an excellent job this year representing Talbert and they deserve this recognition for all their hard work."
Reno's Trailer Sales & Rental is a leader in the open deck market, specializing in flatbeds, drop-decks, lowboys, RGN's, specialized heavy haul and tag-a-long trailers.
The remaining top 10 dealers, based on 2018 sales, are in alphabetical order below.
Carrier Centers, with six locations serving southern Ontario, boasts a large inventory of new and pre-owned trailers for sale, lease or rent. As a full-service dealer, they offer financing, parts and service. The company is an award-winning International dealer recognized for their leadership and customer service.
Coogle Truck & Trailer Sales of Otterbein, Indiana, features a wide selection of new and used trailers for sale or rent and a fully stocked parts department. The family-owned company also offers custom trailer modifications and full-service repairs.
Freightliner of Grand Rapids in Michigan has a trailer division that specializes in the construction, material hauling and agricultural trailer business. Since 1978, the company has offered customers one of the most expansive and diverse used truck inventories in the United States. They also have a location in Kalamazoo.
J & B Pavelka Truck & Trailer Sales in Texas is new to the top dealer list but has been a well-performing Talbert dealer for several years. They offer a large selection on new and used trailers and their parts and service department utilizes their full-service shop for quick, efficient repairs. They have locations in Houston and Robstown.
Leslie Equipment Company of Cowen, W.V., is a consistent top Talbert dealer that has provided quality construction, forestry, mining, and oil and gas pipeline equipment for more than 45 years. The company is an award-winning John Deere dealer with eight locations throughout Kentucky, Ohio and West Virginia.
Lucky's Trailer Sales of South Royalton, Vt., is a family-owned business that has been a top Talbert dealer for many years. The company features a complete line of construction, travelling axle and tag-a-long trailers, a large, well-stocked parts department and a full-service repair facility. They have multiple locations in Vermont as well as in Dunn, North Carolina.
Remorques Lewis ofLa Présentation, Saint-Hyacinthe, Qué., is a full-service general and specialized heavy-haul trailer dealer and has been selling Talbert trailers for over 20 years.
Royal Truck & Trailer Sales & Service Inc., with four locations covering northern and eastern Michigan, Royal carries a wide selection of new and used trailers for sale. The company also offers wheel reconditioning, service and fabrication and has one of the largest parts departments in the industry.
Talbert boasts more than 80 dealers across North America.
Talbert Manufacturing strengthens dealer support in Canada
Talbert adds Koepke for Western Canada sales
Talbert Manufacturing appoints southeast regional sales manager
Talbert adds new Western sales manager
Carrier Centers
Hale Trailer
Remorques Lewis
Cat redesigns G Series off-highway trucks
Cat safety module creates employee training experience
RockToRoad@RockToRoad·
Ontario Ministry of Health@ONThealth·
New measures have been introduced to stop the deadly spread of COVID-19. Stay home, stay safe, save lives. Learn about these new restrictions and the Declaration of Emergency in Ontario. https://news.ontario.ca/en/release/59922/ontario-declares-second-provincial-emergency-to-address-covid-19-crisis-and-save-lives
BC Road Builders@BCRoadBuilders·
#MyBCRoads! Do you recognize this road? Tell us your answers below! Here's a clue: Don't let the sun fool you, Capilano Highway Services was hard at work paving this road in November. 📸: @caphwy #bcroadbuilders #EssentialServices4U
.📸: @CapHwy #bcroadbuilders
Screen Machine@screenmachine·
Tough Machines. Dependable People. Superior Support. We Keep You Working. That's Screen Machine's value proposition, and Product Support Team members Mike Zamiska and Mark Steele proved that this week. Stop 1 was setting up a Spyder 514TS screen for R&R ByProducts in Philo, OH.
FLO Components Ltd.@FLOComponents·
In light of Premier Doug Ford's mandatory shutdown of all nonessential businesses in Ontario effective Januay14th, 2021, our customers have been asking if we are still open.
The answer is: "Yes, we are! We are here for you".
For details, see https://www.flocomponents.com/covid-19/

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


The Hamilton 2007 Minor PeeWee Jr. Bulldogs will be welcoming the following Minor PeeWee Teams: Halton Hurricanes and Southern Tier Admirals of the SCTA and the Central Ontario Wolves and York Simcoe Express of the ETA. The games are being played at Dave Andreychuk (Mountain) Arena beginning with round robin play Friday, March 29th and Saturday, March 30th and concluding with the championship medal games on Sunday, March 31st.
Come and Cheer On your HJB Minor PeeWees!!!


Use Encase to open the drive after the document has been deleted. The deleted file will show up in the program and will have a red circle with a line through it showing that it was previously deleted. The window on the bottom of the screen will show the document context so you can verify that it is the correct one. Right click on the file and click 'copy/unerase' to restore the document. Down in the bottom right hand corner you will see the progression of the copying to the chosen file destination. Find the extracted file and open it. It has now been restored.


Abseiling Adventures + Experiences For Beginners To Advanced!
An abseiling adventure is one that will really get your heart pumping. Once you have repelled vertically from dizzying heights you'll feel a huge sense of accomplishment and elation. Just make sure you don't forget to take in the scenery on the way down! Whether you're a complete beginner or experienced, we have an abseiling adventure to suit.


In December, 1984, a wonderful group of neighbors living in West Allis, Wisconsin, joined together to collect donations for the MACC Fund – Midwest Athletes Against Childhood Cancer, Inc., in honor of a neighbor's child diagnosed with cancer. The neighbors worked in concert in decorating their homes and encouraged visitors to make a small donation as they drove through the festively enhanced neighborhood. All of the money raised went to supporting research, treatment, and the eventual discovery of a cure for childhood cancers and related blood diseases.
Wow has it grown! Since its inception, the neighborhood program has raised more than $2.2 million. More than $121,000 was raised last year alone! Visitors come from far and away to drive or stroll through this winter wonderland of holiday sights and sounds.
Candy Cane Lane is in West Allis, Wisconsin, from Montana Avenue on the north to Oklahoma Avenue on the south, and from 96th Street on the west, to 92nd Street on the east. To get driving directions, just visit our Directions page.
Candy Cane Lane is festively decorated houses and trees wrapped like candy canes.
Over the years, Candy Cane Lane has raised over 2.2 million dollars for the MACC Fund!
You never know who you'll meet at Candy Cane Lane!
You Know It's Candy Cane Lane Time When You See The Wrapping On The Trees!
Each year, just before Thanksgiving, local students volunteer to give the trees in the Candy Cane Lane neighborhood their red and white candy cane wrapping.
Students from Nathan Hale High School transform ordinary trees into candy canes!
West Allis Central High School students on hand to wrap trees.
Brookfield East High School students ready to wrap.
Mission Accomplished! by Marquette High School students.


text:
Article - September 2018
The latest innovations in sustainable food packaging: Biobased cling film
By Bezalel Adainoo
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Food packaging plays an integral role in maintaining food quality and assuring food safety for the duration of its shelf life, and plastic packages have been very useful in achieving the purposes of food packaging. However, in the last decade, the world has witnessed the debilitating effects of the use of plastic packages on our planet. And now, portions of the water we drink are contaminated with microplastics. According to a report by the Ellen MacArthur Foundation, if industries do not switch away from plastic packages, there will be more plastic in the sea, by weight, than fish by the year 2050.
Among the various kinds of plastic packaging, plastic cling film is one of the most widely used today. Moving towards eco-friendly packages, new innovations in cling film packaging are shaping the future of food packaging.
Silk fibroin thin films for perishables:
Silk fibroin is a protein that has been used in adhesive, edible food sensors. It is similar to collagen and consists of hydrophobic blocks interspersed with acidic, hydrophilic regions. The nature of silk fibroin gives it unique characteristics, such as polymorphism, hydrophobicity, and conformability. These characteristics have enabled scientists at Tufts University to develop a water-based suspension that self-assembles on the surface of foods that have been dipped into the suspension. This makes it possible for perishable foods such as apples, tomatoes, bananas, and strawberries to be well preserved. The silk fibroin thin film reduces dehydration and gas diffusivity, hence contributing to extended shelf life. The study also found that thicker silk fibroin coatings on the surface of food led to lower oxygen permeability and carbon dioxide production, resulting in firmer food.
Bananas ripening with and without silk fibroin coating. Marelli B, Brenckle MA, Kaplan DL, Omenetto FG (2016). Silk fibroin as edible coating for perishable food preservation. Sci Rep 6:25263.
Crab shells and tree fiber films:
Scientists at the Georgia Institute of Technology School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering have found a unique way to combine the two most abundant biopolymers, cellulose and chitin, to form edible films for food packaging. The film is made by spraying multiple layers of chitin from the shells of crabs and cellulose from trees in alternation to form a flexible film comparable to PET (polyethylene terephthalate) packaging. For years, chitin has been known to have great commercial potential, and indeed, its application versatility has been a big challenge. During the development of the packaging film, researchers found that chitin nanofibers are positively charged, whereas cellulose nanofibers are negatively charged. These properties formed a good film when used in alternating layers.
Unlike plastic films, crab shells and tree fiber films are crystalline in nature. This makes it difficult for the penetration of gas molecules. In the study, crab shells and tree fiber films were found to reduced oxygen penetration by 73%. Though more research needs to be conducted to improve the film's ability to reduce water vapor permeability, the study suggests that the film could provide suitable packaging for foods with uneven or delicate surfaces.
Gluten films for packaging:
Wheat gluten films have been found to have better mechanical properties when the gluten concentration is 12.5% and the pH is 5. In a recent study that focused on improving the barrier and mechanical properties of gluten films, scientists researched the effects of flaxseed gum, oligomeric procyanidins, and lauric acid on the water vapor permeability, mechanical properties, and peroxide value of the film. Gluten films incorporated with these substances were found to be more dense, uniform, and hydrophobic. These improved gluten films were used in packaging salt, oil, vegetables, and seasonings.
In another study, scientists incorporated a bacteriocin-like substance to gluten films made with triticale flour to effectively reduce Listeria counts in food.
Mango waste edible films and coatings:
The main constraint to producing biodegradable films is their production cost. However, mango peels and antioxidant extracts from seed kernels have proven to be effective in reducing gas permeability and increasing shelf life, and this innovation comes at a lower cost compared to other cling film innovations for food packaging. Researchers found that edible films made from mango peels show good barrier properties, with relatively lower water vapor permeability. In addition, the application of seed kernel extracts conferred increased antioxidant and polyphenol activity to the food. Further, peaches coated with a solution of mango peel, mango seed kernel extract, and glycerol were observed to have 64% less ethylene production, 29% less carbon dioxide production, and 39% less oxygen consumption.
The use of mango waste during the production of edible films and coatings helps to reduce the harmful effects of food waste on our climate while providing a cheaper means of producing bioactive edible films for food packaging.
Recent studies have shown great potential in providing workable solutions to reducing the use of plastic films for packaging food. Some of these offer added benefits, such as greater antioxidant activity, reduced microbial activity, and other bioactive enhancements. Moving forward, it will become critical for all stakeholders in the food packaging industry to take the appropriate steps toward adopting the best biobased plastic film packaging methodologies into their product lines.
If you have any questions or would like to know if we can help you with your innovation challenge, please contact our Plastics & Packaging lead, Ryan Moran at rmoran@prescouter.com or Consumer Goods lead, Corey Katz at ckatz@prescouter.com.
Bezalel Adainoo
Bezalel is a PreScouter Global Scholar with experience in food analysis, food chemistry, food microbiology and food processing. As a food scientist, he has worked on projects assessing the quality and safety of dairy products and other food products. He has also been involved in some nutrition projects in Ghana and food security projects in other parts of Africa. Bezalel earned a BSc (Hons) in Nutrition and Food Science from the University of Ghana. He writes a blog (staywellnow.com) to educate readers on food and its effects on health. You can reach him on LinkedIn!
July 08, 2019 – Report Highlights: Advancements in battery technology and the electrification of the automobile have contributed enormously...


Acer Iconia Tab A110 is newest Acer's tablet which offers a full android 4.1 jely bean experience on a 7-inch tablet. This is makie Acer Iconia Tab A110 it one of the fist third-party Android 4.1 tablets that we've seen.
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Learn more Acer Iconia Tab A110 with download Acer Iconia Tab A110 user manual in below and fun life with your Acer Iconia Tab A110.


text:
Die Skipsholmen ( für Schiff-Insel, ) ist eine Insel vor der Ingrid-Christensen-Küste des ostantarktischen Prinzessin-Elisabeth-Lands. Sie liegt nordnordöstlich der Hovdøyane im nordöstlichen Teil der Prydz Bay und ist die größte Insel der Svennerøyane.

Norwegische Kartografen, die sie auch benannten, kartierten sie 1946 anhand von Luftaufnahmen, die bei der Lars-Christensen-Expedition 1936/37 entstanden.

Weblinks
 Skips Island im Composite Gazetteer of Antarctica (englisch)

Insel (Antarktika)
Insel (Südlicher Ozean)
Svennerøyane

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Below given is an elaborate description of main skills that a good essay writer must possess. Be sure to read it if you want to succeed in custom writing.
If your dream is to become a professional essay writer, don't hesitate to read a manual below on how to master your writing skills in no time.
Become a professional writer in our custom writing service! Make money and build a foundation of loyal customers with EssayPro.
We hire only top essay writers and make sure that every single writer is a professional and have proper knowledge and degree.


I am the sum of my parts. I am what you get when your social skills come from British Television shows and the Muppets. Coming from a creative family, it was never seen as unusual for me to embrace the arts. What was not expected was finding a magical world filled with people who spin things and embrace sensory seekers. This world of wonderment has enriched me as a person and allowed me to express myself in more than just words or sounds.
It has only been a few years since I began to play with fire and since then I can say it has changed how I look at the world. Fire is a dangerous and there are real things to be concerned with as I weave magic in the air. When I'm in the zone and embracing the sound, smells, and weight of fire my anxieties all fall away. I concentrate only on the moment and leave all my worries behind.
My Autism allows me to find the beauty in the world from a very different perspective. I know there is not a one-size fits all type of life for everyone and that is what helps to make the world a very special space. When I spin fire for an audience, I hope to bring them a little big of happiness and wonderment to their day. Even in the darkest of moments, we can rest assured we have a fire in ourselves to help light the way.
Brigid is part of the Autism Unveiled Project. Six weeks of posts by people on the autism spectrum ending on April 2, 2015, World Autism Awareness Day.
"We have a fire in ourselves to help light the way" I want to remember this and share it with my students.


In many ways, the election of Donald Trump as the next president of the United States was as chastening for the cream of the American media as it was for the defeated Democratic Party.
For so many months, the business of exposing the unsuitability for the highest office of the billionaire property magnate and reality television star must have seemed like a turkey shoot to journalists, as he produced one outrageous soundbite after another. Yet, in spite of an exhaustive outpouring of negative press, a puffed up Trump struts into the White House with tail feathers spread and quite unruffled.
His victory has been achieved in part by his cynical characterisation of the American mainstream media as serving only a gilded metropolitan elite and – with the notable exception of Rupert Murdoch's Fox News which was screened at his New York election night party – being biased against him. What cannot be denied is that the deluge of exposes and critical analysis of Trump's mistreatment of women, his tax affairs and his climate ignorance, has only demonstrated journalism's limitations in influencing the popular vote.
And yet the paradox of this humbling of the quality US media, as it failed to predict Trump's victory much less to stop it, is his presidency offers it unprecedented opportunities in selling its wares not just to the American public but to a vast international audience that is no less transfixed by this stunning result and its global implications. Has American politics ever been so gripping?
The Atlantic, a magazine that was founded in 1857 by prominent American literary figures, including Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, and which provided a platform for writers including Mark Twain and Harriet Beecher Stowe, has become a poster child for news publishing for its smooth transition to a thoroughly modern existence straddling the newsstand, festivals and debating theatres, and the world wide web. So much so that its consulting arm, Atlantic Media Strategies, advises organisations from large corporates to non-profits and foundations on how to arrange their own publishing operations.
Buoyed by the feverish interest in the 2016 presidential campaign, it has actually managed to add to its newsstand circulation (at this stage of 2016 its sale is up by 14% on last year), when the other hallowed titles in its subset of news periodicals are all in decline. At the same time, its web traffic has grown by 30% in 2016, continuing a trajectory it has followed for three years.
Trump's triumph briefly knocked the Atlantic out of its confident gait; the title not only declared for Hillary but ran a piece seven days before election day, when the Democrat was ahead in the polls, headlined: "Hillary Clinton's March to Victory". It speculated on what might happen if "she wins by a large margin" and suggested that her success would be undermined by comment that "she was lucky enough to run against Trump".
If this represented a momentary turning of its ankle, the Atlantic soon recovered its step, publishing 99 pieces of news and analysis online in 48 hours as the result came through. It is not volume but quality that is the hallmark of the Atlantic; this is a magazine that will allow a writer six months or a year to compile a cover story. Jeffrey Goldberg was able to devote 19,000 words to April's lead, 'The Obama Doctrine', based on seven and a half hours of interviews with the departing president, in the White House, on board Air Force One and in Malaysia. The edition enjoyed a 40% circulation increase on the equivalent sale in 2015.
The Atlantic's four best-selling covers of the year have all been about politics. The July/August edition, with the cover story 'How American Politics Went Insane', was so popular at the time of the party conventions that, for the first time in the magazine's history, the Atlantic had to commission a second print run.
Cohn is willing to admit that the magazine's coverage of the campaign has not been flawless. "We got it right some of the time, we got it wrong some of the time," he says.
For all this soul-searching, recent US politics has been very good to the Atlantic, which is a general interest magazine. Rather than be swept along by the news agenda of the entertainment industry, it has devoted more resources to politics and the strategy has paid off, with traffic to that section of its website up by 300% year-on-year. And clearly interest is not going to wane.
"We don't need 320 million readers"
But there are other ways to make money from this journalism. After partnering with the Aspen Institute for its ideas festival a decade ago, AtlanticLIVE has developed into a business that now hosts more than the live events a year and contributes 18% of the Atlantic's total revenues. Last week in Manhattan it staged a discussion titled: The Next Four Years: What the Election Means for the Business Community.
The consistent ingredient in this multi-platform strategy is high quality journalism. Cohn has a strong journalistic pedigree and is the Atlantic's former digital editor. Last month, Goldberg – the author of The Obama Doctrine cover piece – was appointed as the Atlantic's new editor-in-chief, only the 14th person to hold the title in 159 years. Cohn notes that Goldberg, who has been an integral figure in the Atlantic's transition to digital over the past decade, writing for both print and online, is also "terrific on stage at our live events". The Atlantic has a roster of star writers including James Fallows and Ta-Nehisi Coates, who with Goldberg were instrumental in establishing the relationship of the website, and political journalists David Frum and Molly Ball, to name but a few.
There are other editorial products, such as CityLab, a niche website aimed at those building, designing and living in 21st century cities. The business site Quartz, which has grown rapidly into a global media brand, is run by parent company Atlantic Media as a separate business from The Atlantic.
For all its history, this is a forward looking organisation. Cohn recalls that it was back in November 2011 that the Atlantic first started taking more than 50% of its advertising revenues from digital. That was "probably pretty early", he says, "for a legacy media company". The figure is now around 85%. All manner of other organisations, which are trying to reach their constituencies online, are seeking the Atlantic's advice. Atlantic Media Strategies employs 40 people and contributes 10% of the total revenue pot. The business is expected to grow by up to 40% next year.
Capitalising on its editorial success, the Atlantic has been a frontrunner in the competitive field of native advertising, via its specialist marketing group Atlantic Re:think. Three out of every four advertising dollars made by the Atlantic now have some native content element. Re:think's ambition is embodied in projects such as 'Nepal, One Year Later' for Cathay Pacific, in which four staffers were assigned to film the consequences of the earthquake, 12 months on. Atlantic Re:think, which claims dwell times of up to six minutes for some of its work, will be setting up shop in the UK next year.
One third of the Atlantic's online audience is overseas, largely in native English-speaking countries. It makes sense to have "an outpost in London" not just to sell its native advertising but to introduce its journalism to more readers in a world that feels inextricably tied to decisions about to be taken in the White House, Cohn says. "To explain consequential, complicated stories and to try to explain America to the rest of the world is what we are here to do."


Kelly Clemente is a birth mom who wanted to choose a religious adoption agency to place her child.
An amendment to protect the religious freedom of adoption providers was passed by the House Appropriations Committee to be part of the fiscal year 2019 Labor, Health and Human Services, and Education appropriations bill in a vote Wednesday.
"What occurred today is a milestone," Rep. Mike Kelly, R-Pa., said in a statement provided to The Daily Signal.
The amendment, which passed the committee in a 29-23 vote, would keep child welfare service providers from being discriminated against due to their moral and religious convictions.
Today my colleagues and I of the @HouseAppropsGOP passed my amendment which prohibits the discrimination of child welfare providers based on religious beliefs or moral convictions.
"Faith-based adoption agencies are under attack from left-wing activist groups looking to shut down child-welfare providers that place children according to sincerely held religious and moral beliefs," Heritage Action for America, the lobbying affiliate of The Heritage Foundation, said in a statement supporting the measure.
"In Massachusetts, Illinois, California, D.C., and Philadelphia, adoption agencies such as Catholic Social Services have lost contracts with local governments or have been forced to shut down entirely because they operate on the belief that a child should be placed in a home with one mom and one dad," the statement added.
Reps. Kelly, Robert Aderholt, R-Ala., and chairman of the Subcommittee on Labor, Health and Human Services, and Education, and Tom Cole, R-Okla., led efforts to include the measure as an amendment to the fiscal 2019 Labor, Health and Human Services, and Education appropriations bill.
Proud to support my colleague @Robert_Aderholt in today's @HouseAppropsGOP markup. He offered an amendment to ensure faith-based adoption & foster care providers are not discriminated against for their religious beliefs. I agree, we must protect religious freedom.
It is abhorrent that jurisdictions like Philadelphia, which are all too willing to provide sanctuary for criminal illegal aliens who threaten our community safety, openly discriminate against religious organizations that provide valuable charitable services to a community.
In fact, they apply a religious litmus test on those organizations in clear violation of the First Amendment. The passage of this amendment is a win for religious freedom and for children who need loving homes.
What has happened in Philadelphia and elsewhere should appall anyone who cares not only about the safety and well-being of kids but also the future of religious liberty.
Like so many other cases, this is not a fight that conservatives or the faith-based community started but it is one that we're ready to win. The left's faith-shaming cannot be permitted to close the doors of one more adoption or foster care center in our country. For all the parents and providers who have been targeted and bullied by activists both inside and outside of government, today's passage is a sign of hope.
Government should not discriminate against faith-based adoption agencies that decline to perform certain actions that conflict with the beliefs that motivate them to serve needy children in the first place. Protecting the conscience rights and religious liberty of private adoption providers takes nothing away from others.
Indeed, protecting a diversity of private providers and their ability to operate according to their values — and with families who share those values—makes it more likely that the greatest possible number of children will be connected with permanent, loving families.


text:
"""
Calculate the type 2 Signal Detection Theory (SDT) measure meta-d' for the
S1 and S2 responses according to the method described in:

Maniscalco, B., & Lau, H. (2012). A signal detection theoretic approach
for estimating metacognitive sensitivity from confidence ratings.
Consciousness and Cognition, 21(1), 422-430.
doi:10.1016/j.concog.2011.09.021

and

Maniscalco, B., & Lau, H. (2014). Signal detection theory analysis of
type 1 and type 2 data: meta-d', response-specific meta-d', and the
unequal variance SDT mode. In S. M. Fleming & C. D. Frith (Eds.),
The Cognitive Neuroscience of Metacognition (pp.25-66). Springer.

Only the equal variance approach and normally distributed inner decision
variables are currently supported. The function calculates the
response-specific meta-d' variables.

The performance of this code was compared to the Matlab code available
at http://www.columbia.edu/~bsm2105/type2sdt/
Results were equivalent. However, this Python code was about 15x faster.

Usage:
------
The class T2SDT implements the optimization of the type 2 SDT model.
As data, a confusion matrix (including confidence ratings) should be given.

After initialization, the fit() method of the class can be used to fit
the type 2 SDT model to the supplied data.

The confusion matrix (including condidence ratings) can be calculated
from data using the function confusion_matrix
"""

from __future__ import division
import numpy as np
from scipy.stats import norm
from scipy.optimize import minimize
import warnings

# ignore division by 0 and invalid numerical operations
np.seterr(invalid='ignore', divide='ignore')

class T2SDT(object):
    """ Fit a type 2 SDT analysis to the provided confusion matrix.

    Attributes:
        conf_matrix (array of ints): the confusion matrix, taking into
            account the confidence ratings (cf. documentation to
            confusion_matrix function), might be adjusted to avoid
            fields containing zero (depends on the adjust parameter)
        max_conf (int>0): the maximal possible confidence rating
        HR (float): the type 1 Hit Rate
        FAR (float): the type 1 False Alarm Rate
        d (float): the d' measure for the type 1 classification task
            denotes the ability to discriminate between S1 (stim. absent)
            and S2 (stim present) trials in standard deviation units
        c (float): the response bias of the type 1 classification task
        meta_d_S1 (float): the meta-d' measure for S1 responses
            denotes the ability of the subject to discriminate between
            correct and incorrect S1 responses in the same units as those of
            the type 1 task, only available after calling the fit method
        meta_d_S2 (float): the meta-d' measure for S2 responses
            denotes the ability of the subject to discriminate between
            correct and incorrect S2 responses in the same units as those of
            the type 1 task, only available after calling the fit method
        meta_c_S1 (float): the response bias of the type 2 task for S1
            responses
            meta_c_S1 is calculated such that meta_c_S1' = c', where
            c' = c/d' and meta_c_S1' = meta_c_S1/meta_d_S1'
            only available after calling the fit method
        meta_c_S2 (float): the response bias of the type 2 task for S2
            responses
            meta_c_S2 is calculated such that meta_c_S2' = c', where
            c' = c/d' and meta_c_S2' = meta_c_S2/meta_d_S2'
            only available after calling the fit method
        meta_c2_S1 (array of floats): the decision criteria for each
            confidence level if the response had been "S1" (stim. absent)
            meta_c2_S1[0] belongs to confidence==1
            meta_c2_S1[0] belongs to confidence==2
            etc.
            meta_c2_S1[0]>=meta_c2_S1[1]>=meta_c2_S1[2] ... >= meta_c_S1
            only available after calling the fit method
        meta_c2_S2 (array of floats): the decision criteria for each
            confidence level if the response had been "S2" (stim. present)
            meta_c2_S2[0] belongs to confidence==1
            meta_c2_S2[0] belongs to confidence==2
            etc.
            meta_c2_S2[0]<=meta_c2_S2[1]<=meta_c2_S2[2] ... <= meta_c_S2
            only available after calling the fit method
        logL_S1 (float): the log-likelihood of the model for S1 responses;
            only available after calling the fit method
        logL_S2 (float): the log-likelihood of the model for S2 responses;
            only available after calling the fit method
        success_S1 (bool): whether the fitting was successful for S1
            responses; only available after calling the fit method
        success_S2 (bool): whether the fitting was successful for S2
            responses; only available after calling the fit method
        fit_message_S1 (str): the message output by the optimization
            algorithm for S1 responses; only available after calling the
            fit method
        fit_message_S2 (str): the message output by the optimization
            algorithm for S2 responses; only available after calling the
            fit method
    """

    def __init__(self, conf_matrix, adjust=False):
        """
        Args:
            conf_matrix (array of ints, shape 2x2x(max_conf + 1)): the
                confusion matrix including confidence ratings
                - conf_matrix[0,:] contains all trials that were actually
                    negative and conf_matrix[1,:] all trials that were
                    actually positive
                - conf_matrix[:,0] contains all trials that were classified
                    as being negative and conf_matrix[:,1] all trials that
                    were classified as being positive
                Accordingly:
                - TN are in conf_matrix[0,0]
                - TP are in conf_matrix[1,1]
                - FN are in conf_matrix[1,0]
                - FP are in conf_matrix[0,1]
                The last axis is determined by the confidence rating:
                - in conf_matrix[...,0], rating was 0
                - in conf_matrix[...,1], rating was 1
                - in conf_matrix[...,2], rating was 2
            adjust (bool): if True, 1./(2*(max_conf + 1)) is added to all
                entries of the confusion matrix to avoid zero entries
        """
        conf_matrix = np.asarray(conf_matrix)
        if not conf_matrix.ndim==3:
            raise ValueError('conf_matrix must be 3d')
        if not conf_matrix.shape[:2] == (2,2):
            raise ValueError('the shape of the conf_matrix must be'
                    ' 2x2xn, where n is the number of possible confidence'
                    ' ratings.')
        self.conf_matrix = conf_matrix
        self.max_conf = self.conf_matrix.shape[-1] - 1
        if self.max_conf < 1:
            raise ValueError('All confidence ratings are equal.')
        if adjust:
            self.conf_matrix = self.conf_matrix + 1./(2*(self.max_conf + 1))
        if np.any(self.conf_matrix == 0):
            warnings.warn('Some entries of the confusion matrix are 0'
            ' This might cause problems with fitting the SDT model.',
            UserWarning)
        TP = self.conf_matrix.sum(-1)[1,1] # true positives
        FN = self.conf_matrix.sum(-1)[1,0] # false negatives
        TN = self.conf_matrix.sum(-1)[0,0] # true negatives
        FP = self.conf_matrix.sum(-1)[0,1] # false positives
        self.HR = TP/float(TP + FN) # the hit rate
        self.FAR = FP/float(FP + TN) # the false alarm rate
        z_HR = norm.ppf(self.HR)
        z_FAR = norm.ppf(self.FAR)
        self.d = z_HR - z_FAR # the type I sensitivity
        self.c = -0.5*(z_HR + z_FAR) # the type I decision criterion

    def fit(self):
        """
        Fit the type 2 SDT model to maximize log-likelihood between the
        model and the obervations.
        This generates the attributes meta_d_S1, meta_c_S1, meta_c_S2,
        meta_c2_S1, meta_c2_S2
        """
        ###############################
        # fit meta_d for S1 responses #
        ###############################
        result_S1 = minimize(self._get_log_likelihood,
                x0 = [0] + self.max_conf*[-0.1],
                args = ('S1',),
                method = 'L-BFGS-B',
                jac = True,
                bounds = ([(None,None)] + self.max_conf*[(None, 0)]),
                options=dict(disp=False))
        self.meta_d_S1, self.meta_c_S1, self.meta_c2_S1 = (
                self._get_parameters(result_S1.x))
        self.logL_S1 = -result_S1.fun
        self.success_S1 = result_S1.success
        self.fit_message_S1 = result_S1.message
        ###############################
        # fit meta_d for S2 responses #
        ###############################
        result_S2 = minimize(self._get_log_likelihood,
                x0 = [0] + self.max_conf*[0.1],
                method = 'L-BFGS-B',
                args = ('S2',),
                jac = True,
                bounds = ([(None,None)] + self.max_conf*[(0, None)]),
                options=dict(disp=False))
        self.meta_d_S2, self.meta_c_S2, self.meta_c2_S2 = (
                self._get_parameters(result_S2.x))
        self.logL_S2 = -result_S2.fun
        self.success_S2 = result_S2.success
        self.fit_message_S2 = result_S2.message

    def _get_log_likelihood(self, x, which='S1', return_der=True):
        """Internal method, do not use directly!

        Calculates the (negative) log-likelihood of the fitted model.
        The negative log-likelihood is returnd to maximize the
        log-likelihood by minimizing the output of this function.

        The docstring to the method _get_parameters explains how x is
        translated to the parameters of the type 2 model
        """
        if not which in ['S1', 'S2']:
            raise ValueError('which must be S1 or S2')
        meta_d, meta_c, meta_c2 = self._get_parameters(x)
        # initialize an empty matrix of probabilities for each outcome
        # (i.e., for each combination of stimulus, response and confidence)
        cumprobs = np.empty([2, self.max_conf + 2])
        probs = np.empty([2,self.max_conf + 1], float)
        ##########################################
        # calculate the elementary probabilities #
        ##########################################
        # calculate the response-specific cumulative probabilities for all
        # ratings
        if which is 'S1':
            cumprobs[0] = np.r_[norm.cdf(np.r_[meta_c, meta_c2],
                -0.5*meta_d),0]
            cumprobs[1] = np.r_[norm.cdf(np.r_[meta_c, meta_c2],
                0.5*meta_d), 0]
        else:
            cumprobs[0] = np.r_[norm.sf(np.r_[meta_c, meta_c2],
                -0.5*meta_d), 0]
            cumprobs[1] = np.r_[norm.sf(np.r_[meta_c, meta_c2],
                0.5*meta_d), 0]
        # calculate the response-specific probabilities for all ratings
        probs = (cumprobs[...,:-1] - cumprobs[...,1:])/cumprobs[...,0,
                np.newaxis]
        # calculate the log likelihood
        if which is 'S1':
            total_logp = np.sum(np.log(probs)*self.conf_matrix[:,0], None)
        else:
            total_logp = np.sum(np.log(probs)*self.conf_matrix[:,1], None)
        if return_der:
            # calculate the derivative
            total_logp_der = np.zeros(len(x), float)
            # calculate the derivative of cumprobs
            cumprobs_der = np.zeros([2,self.max_conf + 2])
            if which is 'S1':
                cumprobs_der[0] = np.r_[norm.pdf(np.r_[
                    meta_c, meta_c2], -0.5*meta_d), 0]
                cumprobs_der[1] = np.r_[norm.pdf(np.r_[
                    meta_c, meta_c2],  0.5*meta_d), 0]
            else:
                cumprobs_der[0] = np.r_[-norm.pdf(np.r_[
                    meta_c, meta_c2], -0.5*meta_d), 0]
                cumprobs_der[1] = np.r_[-norm.pdf(np.r_[
                    meta_c, meta_c2], 0.5*meta_d), 0]
            #################################################
            # calculate derivatives for the meta-d' element #
            #################################################
            cumprobs_der_meta_d = cumprobs_der.copy()
            cumprobs_der_meta_d[0] *= self.c/self.d + 0.5
            cumprobs_der_meta_d[1] *= self.c/self.d - 0.5
            # calculate the derivative of probs according to the quotient
            # rule
            probs_der_meta_d = (
                    (cumprobs_der_meta_d[...,:-1] -
                        cumprobs_der_meta_d[...,1:])*cumprobs[
                            ...,0,np.newaxis] -
                        (cumprobs[...,:-1] - cumprobs[...,1:])*
                        cumprobs_der_meta_d[...,0,np.newaxis])/(
                                cumprobs[...,0,np.newaxis]**2)
            if which is 'S1':
                total_logp_der[0] = np.sum(
                        self.conf_matrix[:,0]/probs*probs_der_meta_d, None)
            else:
                total_logp_der[0] = np.sum(
                        self.conf_matrix[:,1]/probs*probs_der_meta_d, None)
            ############################################
            # calculate derivative for the c2 elements #
            ############################################
            cumprobs_der /= cumprobs[...,0, np.newaxis]
            cumprobs_der_diff = cumprobs_der[...,:-1] - cumprobs_der[...,1:]
            # calculate the derivative of the log od the probs and the
            # product with the confidence ratings
            if which is 'S1':
                log_cumprobs_der = (
                        cumprobs_der[...,1:]*self.conf_matrix[:,0]/probs)
                log_cumprobs_diff_der = cumprobs_der_diff[
                    ...,1:]*self.conf_matrix[...,0,1:]/probs[...,1:]
            else:
                log_cumprobs_der = (
                        cumprobs_der[...,1:]*self.conf_matrix[:,1]/probs)
                log_cumprobs_diff_der = cumprobs_der_diff[
                    ...,1:]*self.conf_matrix[...,1,1:]/probs[...,1:]
            total_logp_der[1:] = (
                    np.cumsum(
                        log_cumprobs_diff_der.sum(0)[...,::-1], axis=-1)[
                            ...,::-1] - log_cumprobs_der[
                                ...,:self.max_conf].sum(0))
            return -total_logp, -total_logp_der
        else:
            return -total_logp

    def _get_parameters(self, x):
        """Internal method, do not use directly!

        From the optimization input x, get meta_d, meta_c_S1, and meta_c_S2

        The passed parameter list x consists of
         - meta_d
         - the offsets x2 such that:
             meta_c2 = meta_c + np.cumsum(x2)
             The length of x2 must be max_conf.
             - If x2 is strictly negative, this results in the meta_c2
             parameters for S1.
             - If x2 is strictly positive, this results in the meta_c2
             parameters for S2.

        Meta_c is chosen such that meta_c/meta_d' = c/d'

        Notes:
            Let d' and c of the primary condition be d' = 2 and c = 1
            max_conf = 2 (i.e., confidence is rated on a scale 0-1-2)

            If a parameter list x = [0.7, -0.1, -0.05] is passed,
            this leads to the following arguments:

            meta_c = c/d' * meta_d = 2/1 * 0.7 = 1.4
            meta_c2_S1 = 1.4 + cumsum([-0.1, -0.05]) = [1.3, 1.25]

            If a parameter list x = [0.7, 0.1, 0.05] is passed,
            this leads to the following arguments:

            meta_c = c/d' * meta_d = 2/1 * 0.7 = 1.4
            meta_c2_S2 = 1.4 + cumsum([0.1, 0.05]) = [1.5, 1.55]
        """
        if not len(x) == self.max_conf + 1:
            raise TypeError('length of x does not fit the expected length')
        meta_d = x[0]
        meta_c = self.c/self.d*meta_d
        meta_c2 = meta_c + np.cumsum(x[1:])
        return meta_d, meta_c, meta_c2

def confusion_matrix(true_label, pred_label, rating, max_conf=None):
    """
    Calculate a 2x2x(max_conf + 1) confusion matrix.

    Args:
        true_label (array of ints): the actual stimulus condition
            should be 0 for an absent stimulus and 1 for a present
            stimulus
        pred_label (array of ints): the predicted stimulus condition
            should be 0 if the stimulus was classified as being present
            and 1 if the stimulus was classified as being absent
        rating (array of ints, rating >= 0): confidence rating on an
            ordered integer scale (0, 1, ..., max_conf) where 0 means
            low confidence and max_conf means maximal confidence
        max_conf (int>=0, optional): the maximal possible confidence
            value, if not given the maximal value of the given
            rating is chosen. E.g., if max_conf=2, 3 possible confidence
            levels are associated to the classification task
            0 - unsure, 1 - neutral, 2 - sure

    Returns:
        conf_matrix (array of ints, shape 2x2x(max_conf + 1)): the confusion
            matrix
            - conf_matrix[0,:] contains all trials that were actually
                negative
            - conf_matrix[:,0] contains all trials that were classified as
                being negative
            Accordingly:
            - TN are in conf_matrix[0,0]
            - TP are in conf_matrix[1,1]
            - FN are in conf_matrix[1,0]
            - FP are in conf_matrix[0,1]
            The last axis is determined by the confidence rating:
            - in conf_matrix[...,0], rating was 0
            - in conf_matrix[...,1], rating was 1
            - in conf_matrix[...,2], rating was 2

    Note:
        An "ordinary" confusion matrix (i.e., without taking confidence
        into account) is obtained as conf_matrix.sum(axis=-1)
    """
    ###################
    # variable checks #
    ###################
    true_label = np.asarray(true_label)
    pred_label = np.asarray(pred_label)
    if not np.allclose(true_label, true_label.astype(int)):
        raise TypeError('all labels must be integers')
    if not np.allclose(pred_label, pred_label.astype(int)):
        raise TypeError('all labels must be integers')
    true_label = true_label.astype(int)
    pred_label = pred_label.astype(int)
    if not np.all([true_label>=0, true_label<=1]):
        raise ValeError('all labels must be 0 or 1')
    if not np.all([pred_label>=0, pred_label<=1]):
        raise ValeError('all labels must be 0 or 1')
    #
    rating = np.asarray(rating)
    if not np.allclose(rating, rating.astype(int)):
        raise TypeError('all ratings must be integers')
    rating = rating.astype(int)
    if not np.all(rating >= 0):
        raise ValueError('all ratings must be equal to or larger than 0')
    if max_conf is None:
        max_conf = rating.max()
    else:
        if not type(max_conf) == int:
            raise TypeError('max_conf must be an integer')
        if max_conf < 0:
            raise ValueError('max_conf must be >= 0')
        if not np.all(rating <= max_conf):
            raise ValueError('all ratings must be smaller than or equal'
                    ' to max_conf')
    ##################################
    # calculate the confusion matrix #
    ##################################
    conf_matrix = np.zeros([2,2,max_conf + 1], int)
    for true_now, pred_now, rating_now in zip(true_label, pred_label,
            rating):
        conf_matrix[true_now, pred_now, rating_now] += 1
    return conf_matrix

if __name__ == "__main__":
    ####################################
    # Simulate a binary detection task #
    ####################################
    d = 0.6 # d_prime of type 1 task
    c = 0 # c of type 1 task
    N1 = 400 # number of absent stimuli
    N2 = 800 # number of present stimuli
    err = 1 # standard deviation of noise
    c_S1 = [0.34, 1.1] # criteria for confidence in case response S1
    c_S2 = [1.6, 1.9] # criteria for confidence in case response S2
    true_label = np.r_[[0]*N1, [1]*N2]
    x = np.r_[norm.rvs(-0.5*d, size=N1), norm.rvs(0.5*d, size=N2)]
    pred_label = np.where(x<c, 0, 1)
    # x2 is a noisy version of x and used to calculate confidence criteria
    x2 = x + norm.rvs(scale=err, size=len(x))
    # create the confidence ratings
    confidence = np.zeros(x.shape, int)
    for k,c_now in enumerate(c_S1):
        confidence[pred_label == 0] = np.where(
                x2[pred_label==0] < (c - c_now), k + 1,
                confidence[pred_label==0])
    for k, c_now in enumerate(c_S2):
        confidence[pred_label == 1] = np.where(
                x2[pred_label==1] >= (c + c_now), k + 1,
                confidence[pred_label == 1])
    #################################
    # Now, fit the type 2 SDT model #
    #################################
    # calculate the confusion matrix
    conf_matrix = confusion_matrix(true_label, pred_label, confidence,
            max_conf=2)
    model = T2SDT(conf_matrix, adjust=False)
    model.fit()
    print('Results of the simuluated type 2 SDT')
    print('------------------------------------')
    print('d\': %.2f, c: %.2f' % (model.d, model.c))
    print('------------------------------------')
    print('S1 model fitting success: %s' % model.success_S1)
    print('S1 model fitting message:\n    %s' % model.fit_message_S1)
    print('meta-d_S1\': %.2f, meta-c_S1: %.2f, logL_S1: %.2f' % (
            model.meta_d_S1, model.meta_c_S1, model.logL_S1))
    print('------------------------------------')
    print('S2 model fitting success: %s' % model.success_S2)
    print('S2 model fitting message:\n    %s' % model.fit_message_S2)
    print('meta-d_S2\': %.2f, meta-c_S2: %.2f, logL_S2: %.2f' % (
            model.meta_d_S2, model.meta_c_S2, model.logL_S2))

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Welcome to the Measurement and Modelling Lab!
The Measurement and Modeling Lab is the led by Dr. Rachel Fouladi, who received her training in Quantitative Psychology/Psychometrics, and has extensive background with methodlogical research in the domains of health and well-being in general as well as in special populations.
In the Measurement and Modeling Lab we tackle research quesitons aimed at advancing measurement and modelling of Psychological Phenomena. The research projects include studies of data collection and data analytic strategies that are employed in many disciplines, but with specific emphasis on understanding factors influencing people's response processes in the generation of responses to questionnaires/surveys. As Dr. Fouladi's applied interests and research background is in primarily in the domain of psychological function/well-being of adults/adolescents, students, and special clinical populations/subgroups, the main questionnaires/surveys we study in our lab are those commonly used by researchers in health psychology, sports psychology, kinesiology, behavioral medicine.
Because of the recognition that there are a variety of contexts, backgrounds, factors that come into play in one's lives and that individuals can be quite unique, e.g., may be of a particularly small clnical population (e.g., having a type of cancer that only occurs at a rate of 10 in a million), and that individuals can interpret and respond to questionnaires/surveys idiosyncratically, in addition to developing/studying/using methodologies that are commonly used in large sample research, we also develop/study/employ research strategies that are applicable to small samples, and are pursuing strategies that have been shown to have promise in N=1 research/clincial contexts.


What is the History of Bitcoin in Canada?
With the increase and popularity of Bitcoin, a lot of people have begun to invest in this digital currency. Research has shown that the Bitcoin and other digital currencies will go a long way and are probably here to stay. Bitcoin price in Canada currently is over $7,000 and seems to be increasing every day.
The history of Bitcoin in Canada can be looked at in comparison with the former currencies of Canada. Canada has not approved Bitcoins or other cryptocurrencies as a legal tender instrument in the country. Recently the Bank of Canada produced a report comparing the period when they had both governments issued notes (dominion notes) and private bank notes. The characteristics of these two currencies were seen to show similarities with the way cryptocurrencies operate today.
According to the Bank's report, it was believed that this comparison will help the country establish the possible future outcome of digital currencies.
Canada operated its private bank notes and dominion notes for over 70 years before it was replaced by the Canadian Dollar in the 1930s. these two currencies were operating in dollars and it was a popular means of payment in Canada. They operated similarly like digital currencies because they were a method of electronic payment which did not require a deposit or credit account in any bank. The major difference was that the currency was in print, unlike digital currencies that operate in the computer.
According to the Bank of Canada's report, when looking back at their history they believe that digital currency will be counterfeited. Their private bank notes and Dominion notes in the past were counterfeited by criminals.
Digital currencies like Bitcoin are decentralized and have the tendency to become scarce. The Bank of Canada claims that the central bank can issue local currency to any amount to maintain a steady flow of income which is not the case with Bitcoins. Reason being that Bitcoin's algorithm cannot be altered.
Also, the Canadian bank is of the firm belief that the digital currency of today will not survive because of the risks attached to it and the fact that it is unsafe. Bitcoins are not redeemable when the transaction goes wrong. When peoples tokens disappear or the Bitcoin loses value, the owner runs at an unexpected loss.
Until the digital currencies are accepted as legal tender, they will not portray qualities of a uniform currency. The exchange rates of digital currency vary from issuer to issuer because there is no centralized body. It is believed that government intervention to make digital currency uniform might succeed but it would not be necessary since there is already one unified functioning currency in the country.
The Bank of Canada argues, however since Bitcoin is already widely accepted, it can be possible to consider it as an alternative digital currency.
Canada in history has a record of being one of the top adopters of digital currencies. There are many places in Canada that give people the opportunity of acquiring Bitcoins. In Canada there are over 140 Bitcoin ATMs and 6,000 Flexipin retailers. These ATMs give user's the opportunity to exchange Bitcoin to Canadian Dollars.
In 2012, Royal Canadian Mint came up with MintChip which was a digital currency. It didn't survive because of the demands it brought as regards to expenses to be incurred by merchant shops. People didn't accept this digital currency because the hardware was expensive. By 2016 the MintChip was sold to a private company that in turn transformed it to a smartphone app.
It was recorded in 2013 that a coffee house in Vancouver, Waves displayed the worlds first Bitcoin ATM. The Canadian government met with the Bitcoin representative the next year after this officially as well as Canadian Commitee on Banking, Trade, and Commerce.
Many people are still yet to adopt Bitcoin and other digital currencies and there is every likely possibility for a time where both digital currencies and the national currencies will coexist.
Canada is noted for being a Bitcoin-friendly country. With the increase in the Bitcoin value in Canada, many institutions that have adopted the Bitcoin as their mode of payment for goods and services. For instance, their medical institutions that accept Bitcoin payment to provide consultation services for people online. It is believed that the home of Bitcoin in Canada is in Toronto and Vancouver. These two places have recorded a high rate of digital currency operations in the country.
It was reported in 2014, that workers in Toronto signed up that they preferred their salaries being paid in Bitcoins than the local currency.
There have been attempts by the Bank of Canada to adopt the blockchain technology in their banking system but they had to put a hold on this around March 2017 in order to figure out more solutions to make the process perfect. Bitcoin value in Canada has gone a long way in the country's economy and it will likely be adopted in the nearest future.
The current price of Bitcoin which is 1 Bitcoin to cdn equals over $7,000 which has proven to be a very profitable investment for people. More and more people are continuing to adopt the Bitcoin technology in their lifestyle in Canada.
Aside from the retailers of Bitcoins and ATM's used for exchanges, people in Canada also buy Bitcoins online through exchange platforms. CoinSquare is popularly known in Canada as the second largest bitcoin exchanger. To access the current Bitcoin value, people use Bitcoin calculator to know how much they would get in exchange for their Canadian Dollars. On CoinSquare, subscribers with accounts on their platform can exchange their btc to cdn.
The world of digital currency is here to stay and even with the risk associated these currencies, people are willing to invest a lot of their capital in digital currencies in Canada.
How to Use BitMEX in Canada?


We invite you and your sweetheart to Bluebeard's most intimate event space, The Second Story, for a delicious 5-course meal prepared by Chef Abbi Merriss and paired thoughtfully with 2 Champagnes, 1 California sparkler, 2 reds and a bonus taste of Krug. Our Moet representative is allocated only 1 sample bottle of Krug annually and she will be sharing that gem with YOU. Most bottles of wine from dinner and half bottles of Krug will also be available for purchase at extremely reduced retail pricing for you to enjoy at the dinner or take home that night to continue a great evening at home.
NOTE: The final cost of this event is $135. Your reservation fee of $67.50 will be applied to the final bill. The Second Story is not handicap accessible at this moment. Seating is limited to 18 guests!


The Villa Laetitia is located in the centre of Zurich, only 5 walking minutes from the ETH Zurich away. It is a nice, old building and has 23 rooms.
The rooms are only available for women, which are registered at the University of ETH or those who have a contract for a formation (traineeship, school, …). The residents of the Villa are between 18 and 25 years old.
The Pension Villa Laetitia is not available for men.
We serve a nice breakfast buffet from Monday to Friday, which is included in the roomrate.
The room rates are between CHF 780.00 and CHF 950.00 per month, depending the size and location of the room. For short stays under 3 month there is an extra charge of CHF 150.00 per month.
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Indian.English – a genuine rags to riches story of global philanthropist Jillian Haslam
By Anj Handa
I recently had the honour of interviewing Jillian Haslam. She's an incredible woman whose story of determination in escaping life in the slums of India is about to be featured in a Hollywood film. Entitled Indian.English after her first book, it's a film about overcoming adversity, of hope and kindness, despite cruel circumstances.
Her second book is entitled The Irrepressible Mind. And irrepressible sums Jill up to perfection. Her humility, global outlook, trust in her intuition and heart-based approach make her the kind of modern leader that others would be wise to learn from.
Jillian and I felt a connection, not just because my heritage meant that I understood her description of life in India, but because we both want to help as many people as possible to thrive in society. Jillian is a philanthropist, giving back on a scale I hope to achieve myself some day.
She's a true inspiration – a woman whose inner flame has lifted her out of a life of abject poverty into a role where she can make an impact on the lives of countless people.
Here's her amazing story. I know it will move you as it did me.
Outcasts, non-castes, castaways – Jillian's family
"Outcasts, non-castes, castaways—whatever you like, we were like ghosts. We were either visible but non-existent, or existent but invisible."
Indian.English
Jillian, pictured above visiting one of her first homes, was born in India to British parents also born in India, at the time of the British Raj. As she relayed to me, India was all her dad knew. So while his sister left for the UK, he chose to stay in the country where he was born, a country he knew and loved.
However, life took a downward turn. After Independence, many Indian citizens became very nationalistic and the British struggled to get jobs, which were preferentially offered to Indian citizens.
The family became homeless, initially sleeping in people's verandas, on doorsteps and even under people's stairs.
They experienced much racial abuse. Jillian's mother was often beaten by the female owners of the homes under whose stairs they slept. The children were called names like sada chua (white rat), sada goo (white shit), sada tilchate (white cockroach), dasi mughi (foreign chicken), and more.
"Under the steps (our home) was just terrible. With a space no bigger than a narrow four-seat dining table, our new home was dark, full of water from holes in the ground, slime, mildew and crawling with vermin…"
Survival against the odds
With her parents having to take on any odd jobs that they could find, care of her siblings often fell to Jillian, the fifth of eight siblings. Sadly, not all of her siblings survived.
As she told me, it was as if "God took one of us, and left one of us, took one us and left one of us." Four of them died from extreme poverty and malnutrition, but one of them – Susan – didn't, and all because of the determination of little Jillian.
Aged seven, Jillian was all but a baby herself when her mother gave birth to Susan. Jillian instantly fell in love with her tiny sister. She was marveling at her tiny fingers and toes when her mother told her not to become attached, because the doctors had only given Susan a couple of days to live.
"Not if I can help it", thought little Jillian. She racked her brains for how she could help her get nutrients since her mother had given up. Then it clicked! She ran to the local tea shop with a little bowl and asked for some milk to save her baby sister's life.
Jillian added the homeopathic powder provided by the doctor (no proper medicine for poor people) and persevered ever day with the feeding. And while cow's milk isn't recommended for newborns, some nourishment must be better than none, since Susan is now 37 and a mother of two beautiful little ones herself.
"What can I say? It was worse than terrible. Having no money, most often no power at all, and being racially abused all at the same time was just something else. I'm really not sure how we survived it all, but this little room was home to us."
A downward cycle
The years went by, during which time her parents became more and more despondent, accepting a life of poverty in the slums of Kidderpore, Kolkata. By now, they had a home, but it was just a tiny space within the slums.
Her father suffered a number of cardiac issues due to stress and poor diet. Much of the food that they ate that time was donated by local street vendors, who were desperately poor themselves.
The children were fortunate to be given places at St Thomas' School, a mixed kindergarten to higher secondary school in Kidderpore. But due to her father's illness, Jillian often had to look after the children while her mother worked. As a result, she did not graduate.
Her family would often queue in line at Mother Teresa's Sisters of Missionaries of Charity to receive a bag of food and a bag of clothes.
Jillian's description of how she and her sisters would proudly run around in oversized granny knickers plucked from the charity bag made me laugh and broke my heart at the same time. She told me that even big knickers were better than no knickers at all!
The Delhi Years
Despite not completing her education, Jillian was able to follow her sister to Delhi at the age of 17. Life in the slums was dangerous, with frequent molestation by boys and men. Delhi felt safer.
Soon after, her father died and her mother became ill with cancer. At this time, Jillian found a job with a German concern. Through her job, she'd been able to access some pay and healthcare support in advance.
But then, her mother died. Once again, Jillian found herself needing to look after the children and had to quit her job. The advances had to be repaid so she took on work in a hotel.
Then she saw an ad for a job at the Bank of America. This is when her life really started to change…
On the day of the first round of interviews, Jillian arrived at the bank, walked into the waiting area. Her heart sank to see around 250 other young women who were competing for that one position. Jillian made one shortlist and then another, getting down to 75 and then down to the final three.
With nothing to lose, she made an impassioned plea to her interviewer, telling him about her dire circumstances and why she needed the job. She told him she would work hard and take on any task with humility.
London's Calling
Two weeks later, the letter arrived. She had got the job! Throughout her career, Jillian's projects for corporate giving as the Bank of America's President of Charity and Diversity Network earned her accolades.
Eventually she moved to England in 2000, working for RBS under a British and then a Pakistani boss. The latter would often send her out to buy tasty samosas from Brick Lane, located nearby.
Jillian never ever looked at such jobs as menial. She always saw it as wanting to assist and maintain a 'can do' attitude. She knew she had disadvantages but she also had a dream. More than that, she wanted to succeed in order to help others like herself with little or no hope at all.
So she attended training after training, course after course and qualified herself on many fronts, studying and attending programmes almost every weekend whilst holding down her full-time role.
Then, one day, Jillian decided it was time to leave the corporate world, to the surprise of her husband who couldn't understand why she would want to leave the security of her job.
She joined the speaking circuit, delivering TEDx Talks and speaking at education and corporate conferences around the world. She wrote a book, then another, and then another, the first book being Indian.English.
Jillian also set up the Remedia Trust, a non-profit organisation in India that provides support for street children, old age people, the sick, the disabled, young girls as well as the improvised and the neglected.
Food banks, a centre for women in need, six vocational study centres and five study centre for little kids are running in Kolkata (with more planned) and so far, 300 girls aged between 6 and 22 are also being educated through her centres.
Recognition of the highest order
Remedia is the biggest personal achievement in Jillian's eyes. To her, its success is even more significant than the success of her books or her pending movie.
Jillian, pictured here today, is dedicated to helping as many people as she possibly can. And last year, she was honoured to return to her former city to receive the Mother Theresa International Award for her services.
So what helped Jillian to achieve all that she has in life so far? She has four simple principles: set clear goals; know when to persevere, and when to give up; when to listen to advice and when to follow your own instinct; and never to be too proud to ask for help.
Using the words of Maya Angelou, Jillian concludes:
"I can be changed by my circumstances but I refuse to be reduced by them."
Anj Handa is the Founder of Inspiring Women Changemakers. She helps women to speak up: for themselves, for others and for social issues.
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Josep Pomés Valls (Santa Coloma de Queralt, 26 d'agost de 1873 – 8 de juny de 1958) va ser un músic i activista cultural català.

Inicia la seva formació a l'escolania de Montserrat. Al monestir coincideix amb el mestre Amadeu Vives, amb qui posteriorment comparteix dispensa a Barcelona. Durant els anys de joventut, exerceix d'organista ocasional a la Basílica de la Puríssima Concepció de Barcelona, acompanyat en algunes ocasions pel violoncel·lista Pau Casals. Pomés forma part de l'Orquestra del Liceu a principis dels anys noranta. S'hi troba treballant el 7 de novembre de 1893, quan l'anarquista Santiago Salvador llença dues bombes Orsini a platea.

Es desconeix cap implicació de Pomés amb la fundació de l'Orfeó Català (1891), si bé mantenia una estreta amistat amb Lluís Millet i Amadeu Vives. La coneixença entre Millet i Pomés possiblement va fer factible la visita de l'Orfeó Català a Santa Coloma de Queralt (1932).

A cavall dels segles XIX I XX abandona l'activitat musical i es desplaça a Canàries com a copropietari d'una empresa d'exportació de fruita. El 1904 consta treballant a Los Cristianos (illa de Tenerife) com a escrivent.

Retornat a Catalunya, s'instal·la a Santa Coloma de Queralt vers 1910. A la seva vila natal participa, des de l'activisme cultural, en múltiples iniciatives musicals. És pianista en les primeres projeccions de cinema mut, músic del grup de sarsueles local,  col·laborador del Centre Catòlic d'Obrers, organista de l'església parroquial, acompanyant de Joan Tomàs i Joan Amades en la missió que realitzen el 1932 a Santa Coloma el músic i el folklorista en el marc de l'Obra del Cançoner Popular de Catalunya (OCPC),  i codirector de l'efímer Orfeó de Santa Coloma,  fundat el 1933. Pomés també col·labora en l'OCPC enviant una partitura arranjada sobre un goig a la Mare de Déu del Roser i també el Ball de la Conca de Rajadell. Reconegut bibliòfil, el 1928 cedeix llibres del convent de Santa Maria de Bell-lloc a la Biblioteca del monestir de Montserrat.

Més enllà de l'àmbit musical, Pomés Valls va estar implicat en la vida socioeconòmica de Santa Coloma del primer terç del segle XX. El 1922 crea la Fàbrica Pomés, especialitzada en la confecció de betes. També és fiscal del jutjat municipal durant molts anys. En el terreny polític, defensa ideals religiosos i catalanistes. El 1934 formava part del Centre Democràtic Catalanista.  Un any més tard, el 8 de juny de 1935, és nomenat regidor de l'Ajuntament de Santa Coloma de Queralt.

Referències

Músics colomins


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Rankings::College Evaluator
College Rankings :: CollegeEvaluator
We evaluate and rank U.S. colleges & universities by schools type, location, majors, and more based on diverse academic and campus factors.
Best Colleges in Illinois (2019-2020)
The schools listed below rank in the best colleges in Illinois. For this ranking, we consider any type/level of colleges including national universities, liberal arts colleges, community colleges, and specialized schools. In Illinois, there are 271 colleges and universities - by school type, 66 public and 205 private schools, and by school level, 116 4 years (or high), 68 2-4 years, and 87 less than 2 years schools.
For academic year 2019-2020, University of Chicago ranks first in the best Illinois colleges ranking and Northwestern University and Principia College followed it. By school type, there are 1 public and 9 schools in the best Illinois colleges.
The average acceptance rate of the best Illinois colleges 56.17% where University of Chicago has the tightest rate with 7.26%. University of Chicago has the highest tuition & fees with $60,552 where the average amount is $43,029 of the schools. University of Chicago has the highest submitted SAT scores with 1,520 where the average SAT scores is 1,288 of the schools. The average student population is 13,000 and the average student to faculty ratio is 10.90 to 1 over the best Illinois colleges.
The ranking is based on CollegeEvaluator's ranking methodology by considering academic, financial, admissions, learning environment, and more perspectives. [read more about the ranking methodology]
Card ViewTable View
1University of Chicago 95.55
University of Chicago is a private (not-for-profit), 4 or more years school located in Chicago, IL with total 17,002 students.
Highest Degree Doctor's degree
SAT Scores 1,520
Acceptance Rate 7.26%
Tuition & Fees $60,552
Student Population 17,002 (6,632 Undergraduate)
2Northwestern University 93.51
Northwestern University is a private (not-for-profit), 4 or more years school located in Evanston, IL with total 22,127 students.
3Principia College 87.57
Principia College is a private (not-for-profit), 4 or more years school located in Elsah, IL with total 447 students.
Highest Degree Bachelor's degree
Acceptance Rate 91.95%
Student Population 447 (All Undergraduate)
4University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 87.19
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign is a public, 4 or more years school located in Champaign, IL with total 49,702 students.
Tuition & Fees $15,122 (in-state) / $32,264 (out-of-state)
Student Population 49,702 (33,915 Undergraduate)
5Illinois Institute of Technology 86.97
Illinois Institute of Technology is a private (not-for-profit), 4 or more years school located in Chicago, IL with total 6,753 students.
Student Population 6,753 (3,026 Undergraduate)
6Wheaton College 86.82
Wheaton College is a private (not-for-profit), 4 or more years school located in Wheaton, IL with total 2,944 students.
71Loyola University Chicago 86.10
Loyola University Chicago is a private (not-for-profit), 4 or more years school located in Chicago, IL with total 17,007 students.
81Illinois Wesleyan University 85.91
Illinois Wesleyan University is a private (not-for-profit), 4 or more years school located in Bloomington, IL with total 1,693 students.
Student Population 1,693 (All Undergraduate)
94Lewis University 85.53
Lewis University is a private (not-for-profit), 4 or more years school located in Romeoville, IL with total 6,440 students.
102Bradley University 85.46
Bradley University is a private (not-for-profit), 4 or more years school located in Peoria, IL with total 5,882 students.
Best Colleges in Illinois (2019-2020) Comparison
Undergraduate Tuition & Fees
SAT Scores
Student : Faculty
7.26% $60,552 $61,548 1,520 17,002 5 to 1
Principia College
Elsah, IL
91.95% $30,190 - 1,164 447 6 to 1
Champaign, IL
62.16% $32,264
($15,122) $31,490
($18,083) 1,330 49,702 20 to 1
58.18% $49,280 $30,937 1,310 6,753 12 to 1
67.92% $45,543 $19,498 1,215 17,007 14 to 1
58.55% $50,028 - 1,223 1,693 11 to 1
Bradley University


I express the wish that we will apply the teachings in our everyday lives and thus free ourselves and others from suffering. I encourage you to keep an open mind. This is often likened to the wonder of a child seeing the world without preconceptions. As the Zen master Suzuki Roshi put it, "In the beginner's mind there are many possibilities, but in the expert's there are few."
I dedicate the merit of this blog to all beings. This gesture of universal friendship has been likened to a drop of fresh spring water. If we put it on a rock in the sunshine, it will soon evaporate. If we put it in the ocean, however, it will never be lost. Thus the wish is made that we not keep the teachings to ourselves but use them to benefit others.
This approach reflects what are called the three noble principles: good in the beginning, good in the middle, good at the end. They can be used in all the activities of our lives. We can begin anything we do--start our day, eat a meal, or walk into a meeting--with the intention to be open, flexible, and kind. Then we can proceed with an inquisitive attitude. "Live your life as an experiment."
At the end of this activity, whether we feel we have succeeded or failed in our intention, we seal the act by thinking of others, of those who are succeeding and failing all over the world. We wish that anything we learned in our experiment could also benefit them.
In this spirit, I offer this blog of accumulated thoughts and teachings I've gained from others. May it be of benefit at the beginning, in the middle, and at the end. May it help move us toward the places that scare us. May it inform our lives and help us to die with no regrets.


The beginning of the year is a great time for new beginnings. Many people take this time of the year to pursue acting.
Maybe they always wanted to, maybe they are just curious, or maybe they have a change of heart and want to change careers. I get asked all the time what can one do to get started.
Since there is no curriculum, or set pattern to make a career in this business, many actors feel helpless, frustrated, lost, and waste time and money trying to make the right decisions.
This month I'm focusing on the beginning actor. Here is a checklist of what you can be doing and working towards this year.
Take an acting class on acting craft and the process (at least once a week – the more the better, if you have the time and can afford it; it's a good investment and will pay off in the long run).
Read one play a week.
See 1 to 2 plays a month.
See 3 to 4 movies a month.
Read the trades – Backstage, Variety, blogs, etc.
Read books on creativity and Self, such as "The Artist Way" by Julia Cameron, "The Road Less Traveled," by Scott Peck, "The Creative Habit" by Twyla Tharp, and others. Learn to know and improve yourself.
Read acting books by well known teachers and techniques, such as "Respect for Acting," "The Meisner Technique," "The Method," Harold Clurman, and biographies on their favorite actors, etc..
Do something outside of acting to supplement working on your instrument: yoga, voice class, dance, martial arts, singing, stand-up comedy, etc.
Keep a journal to reflect on yourself. What form of spiritual practice, prayer, meditation, religion, etc.. do you practice?
Work on a set as an extra or small part to gain experience and feel what being on a set is like, personally and professionally.
Get involved in a theater community where you can audition and maybe get on stage and perform.
Web series can be good opportunities to get experience, tape, and make contacts. Get on one. Volunteer to work on one to learn.
Don't rush to get headshots. It's expensive and as you grow so will your camera presence. Wait a while.
Don't audition before you're ready. Be prepared, trained, and ready to work when that time comes.
Don't rush and spend a lot of money to get film on yourself. Make sure your work is in a strong place before investing there.
Many new actors try to go too far too quickly, and then get discouraged when they don't get the results right away. It is a process, a journey, use this time to discover yourself, unleash the artist inside you, and understand what the craft of acting entails. Then, if you like it, commit yourself to master it.
As you can see there is quite a bit you can do to get started.
The most important of course is to find a place to study your craft, with a community of like-minded people so you can begin your network and meet new friends with the same goals.
Next month I'll talk about the intermediate actor. Happy New Year!


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Anticlea beduina är en fjärilsart som beskrevs av Turati 1930. Anticlea beduina ingår i släktet Anticlea och familjen mätare. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

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