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The Challenges and Opportunities Within Iraq's Informal Economy
by admin | Aug 29, 2021 | Analysis, Blog Post | 10 comments
Policy discussions associated with Iraq's 2021 budget bill so far ignored the challenges facing the country's informal economy. The initial budget draft prepared by the Iraqi Finance Ministry, as well as the amendments proposed by Parliament's Finance Committee have failed to properly address the structural challenges facing the country's informal economy, which accounts for a large chunk of the private economic activities. Hence, the informal economic activities would fall outside proper regulatory and policy actions that Iraq needs to recover from the recent multi-faceted shock of the Covid-19 pandemic and international oil price drop.
The Covid-19 implications have left a significant effect on the informal sector. Most of the reported job losses, work-reductions happened in this sector. Informal workers such as vendors, small shopkeepers, daily-wage workers and self-employees are extremely vulnerable to any economic crisis;
they are the segment of the population who have been affected most since the early days of the health crisis; they were left behind by the Government of Iraq (GoI) and Kurdistan Regional Government (KRG) because they didn't exist in the databases, and consequently failed to include them in the financial support programmes and food-basket distribution supposedly designed to help them.
The informal economy is broadly defined as businesses, workers, and activities that operate outside of the tax system and regulatory frames. Nearly 70 per cent of all private economic activities in Iraq are informal[1]. Most of Iraq's labour force working often without any contract although they are involved in the production, value-chain, distribution system, and social services. A survey of the International Labour Organization, in a sample size of 714 employees (686 men and 28 women) in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq (KRI) and Iraq's northern provinces found that only 34% of them have written contracts, 40% of the works are based on oral agreements, and 26% have neither.
Challenges and Opportunities within the Informal Economy
To set an institutional frame for any economic reform plan in Iraq, this informality needs to be addressed. It is a huge cause of the misallocation of resources and goes beyond the taxing system. The Iraqi Government's White Paper tended to be a reform agenda to address economic imbalances and structural issues, barely addresses the key regulatory and policy issues that have kept the majority of private economic activities informal. The Government's recent policies, reflecting through the currency (IQD) devaluation and the 2021 budget draft, only contribute to the repulsive environment that has led to this informality. For instance, in the 2021 budget bill, the government increased funds for the military and security institutions by almost 15 trillion IQD (compared to the 2019 budget law). This is 16 per cent of the total spending and equal to the amount allocated for capital investment and development. The budget allocations show that the government is still pursuing the same pattern of militarizing the population instead of organizing and reforming the economy to include informal firms and workers.
Iraq's private sector provides jobs for more than 53 per cent of the country's labour force, about 5.4 million workers. Of this number, only 5% are insured (208,000 by GoI and 80,516 by KRG)[1] The rest are not registered and neither recognized by the country's tax and insurance systems.
Source: (World Bank Group 2020) and (Center for Future Studies 2020), and the source. The number of private workers insured by Iraq's Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs is taken from the ministry's website: https://bit.ly/2C9H4vT. The number of the KRG's insured private workers is taken from Kurdistan Labour Syndicate.
Even before the COVID-19 pandemic and recent oil price drop, informal employees did not work and live in a safe environment. They have no access to finance and do not enjoy the retirement and job security public sector workers have. In Iraq, the social protection system in pension, health, and disability benefits are provided only for public employees. The informal workers were the biggest challenge for Iraqi governments, while they were the most vulnerable segment of the population. Many informal workers fear hunger more than Covid-19. Their risk assessment is probably different from the policy makers' calculations that led to lockdown decisions. Although working in over-crowded streets make them vulnerable from a health perspective, they also become a risk for the whole population as they disobeyed public health directives. They started protesting a KRG's order to impose another week of lockdown on June 6th, so they forced the government to retreat from its lockdown decision. For them, it was difficult to sit at home while they must earn their income daily.
Organizing and formalizing informal economic activities is one of the preconditions of any structural reform programme. The informal sector evolved through multiple conflicts and changes over the last five decades and in the absence of an adequate regulatory frame; from the Ba'ath Regime's "socialist" economic policy to the post-2003 limited access-order regime. Now, it is the largest part of the country's private sector by far but operating outside of any coherent policy. A study by United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) estimated, "two-thirds of all workers in Iraq work informally (over 7 million people)."[2] It also found a strong correlation between youth, working informally, and low levels of education. Meanwhile, returns on investment in education are relatively poor in this sector compared to the public.
For any economic reform, the GoI needs to look at the informal workers as a source of popular support. The informal economy is the livelihood of millions of impoverished Iraqis whose support can make a big difference; otherwise, they might be attracted to radical ideologist groups and militias that already have resources, media, and organizations to exploit them.
The informal workers and employees are the majority in Iraq's labour market, but they are not politically visible. They have no political party, interest groups, and media to advocate their rights. Their issues, rights, and concerns have barely brought to any policy agenda because they are not well-organized and mostly exploited by populist politicians. They have no parliamentarian representatives and political blocs to bring their demands and needs to policy agendas.
Within any economic-reform planning, NGOs, unions, and advocacy groups that can represent informal workers should be included in policy discussions. Their perspectives and needs should be considered in any regulatory projects that will be introduced to enhance Iraq's private sector.
Casual Construction Labour Market
Part of the informal economy is the construction labour market. Most of the construction workers, in the first phase of the COVID-19 containment measures, were forced to stay at home with no compensation for their lost wages although they need to go out-earning their income on the daily basis. By late April 2020, when the lockdown restrictions relaxed, day labourers could attend their workplace and gather in the crowded bazaars or streets to find employers, but the market is barely holding any opportunity. "Too many day-labourers are competing over a few opportunities."[2] The causal labour market yet to recover and return to the pre-pandemic level.
Wages and opportunities of the construction labourers have significantly been reduced in this market. Although casual workers had no fixed payments before the Covid-19 pandemic, they used to work for daily wages between IQD 25,000-35,000 in Baghdad and 35,000-40,000 IQD in Sulaymaniyah. In late June 2020, their daily wage was between 20,000-25,000 IQD in both provinces except for refugees, IDPs, and foreigners who tend to work for even less.
Moreover, the frequency of their working days per week also changed. Before the pandemic, they used to work between 4-5 days per week on average, but in late June they barely get 2-3 days working, according to rough estimations of relevant labour syndicates[3]. Workers who lost their jobs in other sectors have oversupplied the construction labour market.
The majority of construction workers do not opt to be in this labour market, and they do not see it as a decent job. They are not granted with work-safety, and they often do not have the required personal safety equipment. They tend to work for whoever hires them in the allocated urban labour-places without any contract. No statistical data is available on this segment of Iraq's labour force, which is mainly male-dominated.
Different labour laws enacted to organize the construction labour markets in KRI and the rest of Iraq. Instructions and regulations issued by the Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs to ensure casual labourers, but only 5% of them are insured. Foreign workers' exploitations have been reported by NGOs and news outlets in various instances. Rudaw, a local Kurdish TV, reported that "Migrant workers in the Kurdistan Region are vulnerable to exploitation, abuse, and trafficking because of limited oversight by the Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs, a minister has acknowledged."[4]
Turning this issue into an opportunity, both GoI and KRG need to organize this labour market. Recognizing the casual workers as legally registered employees for retirement and tax contribution is the first step. They should be included in Iraq's tax and insurance systems. This can be the first step to incentivize private sector employment and reduce pressures on the public sector. It requires governments' and law makers' immediate actions to initiate a legislation project that could be beneficial for both workers and the state since the existing law and directives do not work well. According to the Pension and Social Security Law of Workers, the retirement system guaranteed by a fund that depends on contributing 17 per cent of labourers' wage; 5 per cent to be paid by the worker and 12 per cent by the employer. The issue is most of the construction labourers do not have a stable employer to pay the 12 per cent contribution. Many companies also underreport the number of their employees and the bulk of employees' salaries just to reduce their contribution. To make Iraq's private sector job desirable and bring back some of the lost contributions to the fund, the issue should be addressed.
Needed Policy Actions
Given mounting risks and challenges associated with any economic reform programme, GoI and KRG need to get popular support for any intended reform policy. Most of the required immediate actions (resorting to ordering in the border-ports, reducing wasteful public expenditures, cutting illegal public salaries and pensions) are going to hurt some segments of the population who have been fed on the public fund. Therefore, the governments need strong popular support to kick off any reform programme. This support could be found within the millions of Iraqis who work in the informal sector. For this purpose, informality should be addressed now, although it is a long-term achievable goal.
1- Iraq's informal sector is the livelihood of more than 5 million workers. Most of the informal workers have interests in reducing corruption, reforming dysfunctional regulations, removing bureaucratic impediments, and limiting outlaw armed groups that conduct extortion and elicit activate. Thus, the informal workers have incentives to be the best ally for any reformist political leadership.
2- Addressing informal workers' needs, challenges, and concerns requires medium and long-term solutions, but it should be considered in most of the policy actions required to deal with immediate Iraq's economic issues. Their concerns and demands should be considered in all the regulatory actions taken to reorganize market activities and the private sector in Iraq.
3- Informality is usually associated with high poverty, low productivity, under-employment, and misallocation of resources. It has created a situation in which informational asymmetric prevents banks from lending to MSMEs due to the absence of credit history, poor financial reporting, and eventually fearing of insolvency. As a result, banks and viable projects can't meet. Optimal policies should be designed soon to incentivize the registration process by ensuring informal firms and workers and adding them to the tax-paying lists, a win-win solution for the governments and the informal workers.
4- Benefiting the recently rising international oil price, the GoI and KRG need to allocate some funds to support the SMEs and small informal businesses to recover the multi-faceted shock.
Studies show that microfinance and business-training programmes can improve the efficiency, productivity, and earning-potential of the informal sector. The financial support could be designed as an incentive to formalizing all the small firms and businesses. Again, this is another place where a win-win deal could be brokered. The governments' financial support can save the SMEs and small businesses from bankruptcy; in return, they can be also added to the list of tax-payers.
[1] The number of private workers insured by Iraq's Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs is taken from the ministry's website: https://bit.ly/2C9H4vT. The number of the KRG's insured private workers is taken from Kurdistan Labor Syndicate.
[2] The statement was made by Othman Zindani, head of Construction Labour Syndicate, Sulaymaniah Branch, in a recorded interview for this study.
[3] Three Labours' Unions' leaders Adnan Safar, (member of the executive bureau of Federation of Iraqi Labor Unions), Othman Zindani (head of Construction Labor Syndicate, Sulaymaniah Branch) and Marwa Saad (Female Labour Activist) confirmed the numbers in three Interviews.
[4] (Dri 2020)
[1] TRT. "One on One: Interview with Iraq's Deputy PM and Finance Minister Dr Ali Allawi." August 18, 2020. Accessed August 22, 2020. https://bit.ly/3hDCLZo
[2] UNESCO. "Assessment of the Labour Market & Skills Analysis: Iraq and Kurdistan Region-Iraq: Informal Sector." 2019. Accessed June 12, 2020.
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Theological Interpretation of Scripture: "not a method but a mode" | Wycliffe College
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Theological Interpretation of Scripture: "not a method but a mode"
By Peter Robinson
"The soul watered by sacred Scripture grows fat and bears fruit in due season, which is the orthodox faith, and so is it adorned with its evergreen leaves, with actions pleasing to God, I mean." – John of Damascus (The Orthodox Faith, 4:17) as quoted in Psalms 1–50 by C.A. Blaising and C. S. Hardin.
During much of the modern era, there has been a proliferation of techniques and approaches to reading the biblical text. Many of these approaches have enabled us to look more closely and carefully at Scripture. We've learned to ask all kinds of questions about the text and its setting. The information gained as to origins, context, and content is vast and complex. And yet, all too often, we seem to have lost a sense of how to read Scripture with imagination, devotion, and delight.
Like a cadaver on an examination table
In the academy for a time people assumed that the best observer of Scripture was detached and neutral, a person who was able to put aside the lenses they brought to the text, including faith, in order to conduct a careful and thorough examination without bias or prejudice. That assumption has been unmasked as simplistic, but there remains a tendency to examine the text from above. It's as though the careful student of the Bible is one who sees the biblical text laid out like a cadaver on an examination table, to thoroughly pull, prod, and dissect it. Careful scientific methods and techniques can tell us all kinds of things about the life lived; bones once broken, diseases survived, perhaps even the wear and tear of overuse. Yet, in spite of all the information gleaned there isn't a basis for knowing the cadaver as a living being. There is no personal encounter. Any conclusions arrived at wouldn't wholly align with the understandings of those who knew and loved the person in question.
Today there is widespread recognition of the impossibility of a neutral, objective approach to the reading of Scripture. One result of this has been a proliferation of different interpretive approaches: a feminist reading, a liberation reading, a post-colonist reading. Acknowledging that everyone brings to the text their own particular assumptions, their own particular theological frameworks (which inevitably shape the way in which they read the text), these "advocacy" approaches assume that all such approaches are legitimate in their own right. The result is a cacophony of voices. It's not surprising then, that the first question often directed towards theological interpretation of the text is whose theology, which model or which approach is being assumed? But justifying a particular tradition or even a denominational approach to interpretation is not what drives the Theological Interpretation of Scripture (TIS).
Not a method, but a mode
TIS is not so much a method of interpretation, a set of techniques, as it is a mode. Indeed, rather than speaking of theological interpretation as a singular approach it's better to recognize that there are different voices from diverse denominational and theological backgrounds who are seeking to read the text from below rather than above; approaching the text as its servant rather than as its master. Theological interpretation does not begin with an argument for a particular theological paradigm as foundational to interpretation. Rather, it begins with some basic theological commitments that shape the way the text is read. It suggests an orientation or posture that's assumed—a rule of faith—rather than a particular method or structure to examining the text. The reader begins with basic lived theological commitments, which in turn frame the manner in which they approach the text.
Three assumptions
The first commitment is a theological assumption about God: that the One revealed through the text, who uses the text in revealing himself to us, is the Trinitarian God—Father, Son, and Spirit. "Those who approach the Bible as Scripture must not abstract it from the Father who ultimately authors it, the Son to whom it witnesses, and the Spirit who inspired and illumines it," writes Kevin Vanhoozer. This is not simply a reaction against the modern tendency to begin from a position of philosophical naturalism. It is rather, a claim about the biblical text in light of the way this God engages with us in and through it. And it centres around the confidence that God in Jesus Christ continues to engage with us through the Holy Spirit in and through the text. This first assumption is then bolstered by other assumptions that align with it.
The second assumption concerns the unitive nature of the text. As Richard Bauckham observes in his essay, "Reading Scripture as a Coherent Story," the coherence of the text is not grounded in how it agrees with itself throughout, or even the integrity of principles or concepts put forward in the text, but is instead grounded in recognizing the text as a coherent narrative whose backbone is the story of God's intentional engagement with human beings and his creation culminating in the person and work of Jesus Christ.
That brings us to the third assumption, which is that in reading and engaging with the text we must do so in, for, and with the Church—including the chorus of witnesses who go before us. The retrieval of the work of the earliest interpreters of the text is vital to this endeavour for several reasons not the least of which is the variety of ways in which they approached the text (figural, tropological, allegorical, and literal). As such, they give a breadth and depth to the reading of the text that challenges our own narrow reading.
The earliest interpreters
The earliest interpreters were struggling to make sense out of reading the text because they were seeking to make sense out of who this God is who has revealed himself to us in Jesus Christ. As the scholar Tad Guzie puts it, "scientific exegesis begins with a text which speaks of mystery: patristic spiritual exegesis begins with the mystery spoken of in the text." As such, the early interpreters' basic posture in relationship to the text was one of reverent attention to the God who has and does make himself present to us in the text to foster our knowing of him.
TIS has at times been criticized for seeking a return to a pre-critical reading of the text. Listening to the voices of the saints—and especially the patristic writers—is central to TIS. Yet, there is not a naïve assumption that we can or should somehow bypass recent scholarship in a return to ancient interpretations. Instead, the fundamental assumption is that the text must be read in the context of the Church, the communion of saints, both past and present. Neither is there a retreat from contemporary cultural issues as though a reader might isolate themselves from current matters or concerns. Rather, there is a rejection of the distance that a solely historical reading of the text places between it and our current situation, a distance that reflects a lack of understanding of the God who speaks to us (present tense) in and through the text. As such, our primary concern is not to make the text relevant or to try to bridge the gap between then and now, or to endeavor to apply the text to our current situation, but to listen to the voice of the Spirit who opens our hearts and minds to turn and listen to the God who continues to speak in a coherent and consistent manner into our lives and world through Scripture.
At Wycliffe College, we give priority to the theological interpretation of Scripture in our worship, in our teaching, and in our scholarship. Peter Robinson is Academic Dean and Professor of Proclamation, Worship and Ministry. During the Winter 2020 semester, he will be teaching a course called "The Church, The Faith and Our World," exploring leadership and ministry in the context of a theological understanding of the nature of the Church and the scope of its ministry.
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I did not know anybody to understand my dreams.
My name is Antonio, and I am 17 years old. I moved from Guatemala to the United States in 2017. My life wasn't that good in Guatemala. My father died when I was 6 years old. He used to buy me clothes and supported me, but after he died everything turned out difficult. I didn't have anybody to support me, so I had to move to the United States. I left everything behind and sadly immigrated here to meet with my aunt, to study and to have a better life.
The first weeks in the United States, everything was easier than in my country. My aunt had to take care of me and to buy my clothes. I feel better here because after my father's death it was difficult. Sometimes I get sad and cry about him. It is sad that the future in Guatemala is not clear. Sometimes people without opportunities don't know what to do to have a better life. Nevertheless, I think about the great memories of my country. When I close my eyes, I hear my mother's sweet voice, and I see us gathering and eating together as a family. These are the things that go through my mind.
It is very nice and beautiful in the United States. I like it because, unlike my country, I am in school studying. Here, school is free, and I am able to study. In my country, school is not free and you have to pay to get an education. I've been in school for 3 months. My first week at school was difficult because I did not understand English, but using the computer was easy and I had no problems with it. My happiest moment here is being able to study. I'm happy and glad I am here studying English and computers. Education is very important to me in order to have a better life with my family. I haven't had a sad moment in America. I want people to know that here I have the opportunity to meet new people with the same goals as me which is to learn English and learn new things, opportunities we didn't have in our countries. I am meeting good people and talking about the same goals, and this has helped me see the importance of doing something for my future. Before coming to this country, I did not know anybody to share my aspirations with or to understand my dreams.


So, this might be a good indicator that I haven't been a die-hard NES colletor. I've only just recently bought Duck Hunt and Super Mario Bros. for $10 CAD each from Retro Game Bros. These are two early NES titles that are still fun games to play.
And yes, I do have a NES Zapper and a beautiful CRT TV too. Duck Hunt will get some play time!
Eventually I'll get some manuals and aftermarket Stone Age Gamer BitBoxes for these carts and this very affordable chapter of my NES collection with be closed.
Regarding my NES and SNES collecting I've decided to be financially responsible (I can hear my wife laughing right now… or is that crying I hear?). I'm only looking for games that have a lot of nostalgia for me and for games that have stood the test of time and are still really fun to play.
My poor buddy Nintendo Joe went on vacation to enjoy the sites and shop for a some retro video games… he did all that and then he got robbed! Passports and retro games were gone. So on his return we went out for some therapy shopping (straight back to Retro Game Bros.). I dropped (by far) the most amount of money I've ever spent on a SNES game. I picked up a good condition loose cart of Knights of the Round for $120 CAD. Nintendo Joe also treated himself.
I played Knights of the Round for about 30 minutes and it is a cool beat'em up. I love the theme and even though the game is generous with lives and continues there is a real challenge to be found here. The only down side are the sound effects which are a bit flat and don't live up to the very nice look of the game. Despite the fact that I am going to keep Knights of the Round I don't feel it's worth $120 if you're just into playing. However, demand for retro games seems to say otherwise. Fortunately there still many great retro games out there with much more fordable price tags.


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News>Retail & Financial
Wal-Mart Said to Weigh Top Management Changes
BENTONVILLE, Ark. -- Wal-Mart Stores here is planning to realign some of its top management personnel, including the heads of its U.S. and Sam's Club divisions, Advertising Age reported yesterday.
BENTONVILLE, Ark. -- Wal-Mart Stores here is planning to realign some of its top management personnel, including the heads of its U.S. and Sam's Club divisions, Advertising Age reported yesterday. The report said Eduardo-Castro Wright, chief executive officer of the Wal-Mart Stores division in the U.S., would be named to an international position, and that Doug McMillon, the current CEO of Sam's Club, would be named to succeed him. Wal-Mart could not be reached for comment. The moves would follow other recent changes at the retail giant, including the shift of John Fleming from the top marketing post to the top merchandising position. The magazine also said it obtained an internal Wal-Mart memo listing several other executive changes, including the appointment of Scott McCall to head consumables and Paul Beahm to head pharmacy merchandising.
Loblaw launches online store for mattresses
Price Rite's Jim Dorey to become Inserra Supermarkets president


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« Why Eco-Friendly Cars Are Important?
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The Menace of Plastic Water Bottles
By Rehan Ahmad | September 20, 2018 - 1:22 pm | September 20, 2018 Environment, Pollution, Recycling, Waste Management
Plastic water bottles are a common feature in urban life in the Middle East. The availability of water bottles is common and the cost is affordable by all sections of the society due to which its use and misuse has increased manifolds with time. People also provide it for free in mosques and other public locations. It is because of its easy availability that people misuse this resource considering it free, taking a bottle, sipping it, consuming partly and leaving it at the venue or throwing it in garbage bins.
Empty and partially consumed water bottles are collected and thrown away in municipal garbage bins from where it is collected and transported to municipal landfill site. These water bottles have a high carbon footprint and represent enormous wastage of precious water source and misuse of our other fragile resources. In many cases, these water bottles are littered around commercial and religious places.
Startling Facts
Bottled water is widely used by people from all walks of life and is considered to be convenient and safer than tap water. A person on an average drinks around 2.0 liters of water a day and may consume 4-6 plastic bottles per day. Infact, UAE has the world's highest per capita consumption of bottled water of as much as 285 liters per year and a typical UAE resident uses around 450 plastic water bottles each year. We need to understand the fact that Plastic is made from petroleum. 24 million gallons of oil is needed to produce a billion plastic bottles. Plastic takes around 700 years to be degraded. 90% of the cost of bottled water is due to the bottle itself. 80% of plastic bottles produced are not recycled. Globally, plastic recycling rate is very low and major quantities of plastics are being disposed in the landfills, where they stay for hundreds of years not being naturally degraded.
Recycling one ton of plastic saves 5.74 m3 of landfill space and save cost of collection and transportation. Water bottles manufacturing, transportation, distribution and again collection and disposal after its use create enormous pollution in terms of trash generation, global warming and air pollution. The transportation of bottled water from its source to stores alone releases thousands of tons of carbon dioxide. In addition to the millions of gallons of water used in the plastic-making process, two gallons of water are wasted in the purification process for every gallon that goes into the plastic bottles.
The solution to the plastic bottles usage lies in its minimum use and safe disposal. The first step is that once you open a water bottle, you need to completely consume it to fully utilize the resource. Do not throw away plastic bottles as litter. Alternatively, a flask, thermos or reusable water bottle can be used which can be refilled as required. It is advisable that religious places, hotels, malls, restaurants, conference rooms etc. should have efficient water purification plants and water dispensers to reduce the use of plastic water bottles.
Recommeded Reading
About Rehan Ahmad
Rehan Ahmed is currently working as Head of Waste Disposal Unit at Supreme Council for Environment, Kingdom of Bahrain. He has over thirty four years of professional experience on projects related to waste management, recycling, reuse and recovery & environmental impacts assessments. Rehan has been instrumental in construction, development, operation and management of Hafira industrial landfill site and establishment of healthcare waste treatment facility in Bahrain.
View all posts by Rehan Ahmad →
Tagged environment, Landfills, Middle East, Plastic Bottles, Recycling, UAE, Water, Water Bottles. Bookmark the permalink.
8 Responses to The Menace of Plastic Water Bottles
Ahmed Detta says:
A very informative articles on the facts and figures of plastic bottles. Is there anyone who is actually recycling these plastic bottles?
Michael Brabham says:
The situation is I guess different in each country but in the UK most municipal authorities now have collection systems that target plastic bottles amongst other items such as paper and cans. The problem is though that the UK government sets recovery and recycling targets for each municipal authority to reach that are based on weight and plastic bottles have a large volume to weight ratio so UK waste collection agencies concentrated on collecting the heaviest waste fractions first – glass and paper – that also have the best resale prices and plastics are much less economically viable for waste collectors as a result. Ideally we would as a society reduce our use of plastic bottles as the article says through the use of alternatives such as reusable bottles. Or maybe we would use more easily recyclable materials such as glass where using reusable containers is difficult. Many waste agencies in the UK are looking to energy recovery as the best way of dealing with plastic wastes as intrinsically they are just oil derivatives so have a high energy value.
Perhaps we need to consider changing attitudes and behaviour by taxing products that are so environmentally damaging? For instance the UK mandated that carrier bags have to cost £0.05 each at supermarkets and it will be interesting to see what the impact of that is once the scheme has run for a while – so far it looks to have achieved a radical shift in behaviour with most customers now using reusable 'bag for life' options instead.
Mark sanderson says:
I can recycle all plastics
But the main problem is people throw them anywhere if there is no collecting device that is we're it end up in the sea
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Date results information initially provided
Medication Management and Medication-Related Problems in People with Chronic Liver Disease
Decompensated liver cirrhosis 298177 0
Oral and Gastrointestinal 298339 298339 0 0
Other diseases of the mouth, teeth, oesophagus, digestive system including liver and colon
The intervention will consist of a patient-orientated, multi-faceted, collaborative service targeting patients with decompensated cirrhosis in order to obtain an accurate, complete list of medications, identify medication-related problems and needs, and to educate patients on their disease and medication self-management. The intervention will be conducted by a clinical pharmacist in a tertiary hospital hepatology outpatient clinic in addition to usual care (hepatologist review).
The initial encounter with each patient (and carer or family member if present) will involve a face-to-face interview in a private clinic room. The interview will include open and closed questions to ascertain medication-taking behaviour (including adherence) and individual medication-related needs. Advice will be provided by the pharmacist per-protocol and reactively according to the patient's needs. The pharmacist will also conduct a clinical review of currently prescribed therapy during the interview. Participants will be required to bring their current medications in to clinic and their medication history will be verified with their medical records, the local pharmacy's dispensing history and/or general practitioner's history. Verification will occur while the patient is present to confirm the currency of therapy. The subsequent reconciled list will be used by the pharmacist to construct a medication guide using the Queensland Health state-wide approved template. The guide will be printed as a booklet which contains information such as the active ingredient, strength, common brands, indication and directions to take for each medication. Patients will be shown how to navigate the hard copy guide and encouraged to take it to all medical appointments and use it at home to aid compliance and memory. The reconciled list of medications will also be made available to other clinicians in the patient's electronic medical record.
The duration of the interview will vary depending on the intensity of intervention required by each patient. Up to 60 minutes will be allocated for each interview.
Following the interview and clinical review, the pharmacist will collaborate with the patient's general practitioner and hepatologist to optimise therapy, facilitate resolution of medication-related problems and monitor issues where required. This will be done in person, via email or over the telephone as appropriate and communication will be documented in the patient's medical record.
Subsequent contact with patients will occur at week 4-6, week 12-14 and at 6 months. These follow-up contacts will be conducted in person if the patient has a pre-scheduled appointment for routine review with a hepatologist in the clinic, or via telephone if the patient is not scheduled for hepatology review within the allocated time frame. Patient contact at 4-6 weeks, 12-14 weeks and 6 months will be used to follow-up previously identified medication-related problems, confirm any changes to therapy within the preceding weeks, reiterate medication and lifestyle advice and encourage self-monitoring and medication adherence using the medication list as an aid. Follow-up contacts will take approximately 15 minutes.
Participants will be surveyed using validated tools for the study endpoints at baseline and again at 6 months.
Usual care - hepatologist review only. Participants will be surveyed using validated tools for the study endpoints at baseline and again at 6 months.
A composite endpoint of frequency (counts of) and severity (measure of clinical significance) of discrepancies between patient-reported and clinician-documented 'current' medications. Discrepancies (between medication names, doses and frequency of administration) will be documented during face-to-face and telephone interviews at week 0, 4, 13 and 26 (week 0 and 26 only for 'standard care' participants). The clinical significance of discrepancies will be determined by a panel (including a hepatologist, pharmacist, pharmacologist and nurse). Data will be presented both qualitatively (description of high-risk discrepancies) and quantitatively (chi-square / Fisher's exact test for statistically significant differences between intervention and control groups at baseline and 6 months).
Discrepancies present at baseline vs. at 6 months.
Self-reported medication adherence as indicated using the 8-Question Morisky Medication Adherence Scale which ranks adherence as 'High', 'Medium' or 'Low'.
Adherence ranking at baseline vs. at 6 months
Self-reported quality of life (QoL) as indicated using the Chronic Liver Disease Questionnaire which examines impact domains of QoL specific to common symptoms of liver disease.
Quality of life at baseline vs. at 6 months
Illness perceptions as indicated by completion of the Brief Illness Perceptions Questionnaire and patient interview.
Illness perceptions at baseline vs. at 6 months
Medication beliefs as indicated by completion of the Beliefs about Medications (General and Specific) Questionnaire and patient interview.
Medication beliefs at baseline vs. at 6 months
A composite endpoint of patients' knowledge of key lifestyle modifications, medication management techniques and other self-care tasks as determined by patient interview and measured using a pre-post questionnaire design. This questionnaire has been designed for the purposes of this study.
Knowledge at baseline vs. at 6 months
Frequency of liver-related hospitalisations as determined by patient medical record review.
Frequency of hospitalisations within 6 months, 12 months and 3 years
Frequency of non-liver related hospitalisations as determined by patient medical record review.
All-cause mortality as determined by patient medical record review.
All-cause mortality rate at 6 months, 12 months and 3 years
Liver-related mortality as determined by patient medical record review.
Liver-related mortality rate at 6 months, 12 months and 3 years
Eligible participants will be adults aged 18 years or older with cirrhosis and current or previous chronic liver failure (CLF)-related complication(s), including ascites, variceal bleeding, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, sepsis, encephalopathy, liver cancer or liver-related renal dysfunction.
Exclusion criteria will include inability to provide informed consent and intensive management by other health care teams (i.e. liver transplant team, palliative care).
Randomisation allocation concealed in a series of opaque, sealed envelopes containing INTERVENTION or USUAL CARE.
Simple randomisation will be used by drawing "INTERVENTION" or "USUAL CARE" (n=60 of each) randomly from a bowl by a third party. Sequentially drawn allocations will be enclosed in sealed envelopes and opened in their drawn order by a third party when a new patient is enrolled.
Safety/efficacy
Recruitment hospital [1] 5583 0
Princess Alexandra Hospital - Woolloongabba
Recruitment postcode(s) [1] 13036 0
4102 - Woolloongabba
St Lucia, QLD 4072
The Princess Alexandra Hospital
199 Ipswich Road
Woolloongabba, QLD 4102
Metro South Hospital and Health Service HREC
Centres for Health Research
Level 7, Translational Research Institute
37 Kent St
HREC/15/QPAH/688
University of Queensland Medical Research Ethics Committee
UQ2016000032
The overall objective of the study is to investigate if a personalised education and medication management intervention reduces medication related problems for patients with decompensated cirrhosis.
The morbidity and healthcare costs associated with complications of decompensated liver cirrhosis are substantial, as patients require complex medical care and have very high use of hospital services. People with cirrhosis are often prescribed multiple medications for therapeutic or prophylactic use, and the number of medications prescribed on hospital discharge is a risk factor for early readmission.
Medication-related problems (MRPs) contribute to patient morbidity, hospitalisation and mortality in many chronic health conditions in the Australian community. The prevalence of MRPs has not been formally investigated in patients with cirrhosis, although a recent pilot study identified the prevalence of discrepancies between patient-reported and medical-record documented medications, and a lack of patient knowledge about their liver disease, medications and self-care tasks. The study identified only 44.5% of all medication entries to be concordant between patients and their medical records. Discrepancies of clinical significance were identified in 27 of 50 patients (54%) with a mean of 3.12 discrepancies per patient (range 1 to 8 discrepancies). Medication discrepancies were associated with older age (p=0.04), polypharmacy (p<0.01) and poorer levels of adherence (p<0.01).
Gaps in patients' disease-specific knowledge, medication-management skills, and lower levels of engagement in treatment may be a barrier to effective clinician-patient interaction and impair disease management. Limitations within the current outpatient model of care for cirrhosis patients include:
* No designated clinician role for medication reconciliation or regular disease education
* Lack of patient assistance to develop skills in the day-to-day management of their health condition
* Lack of adequate information about opportunities for self-management or the need for medication adherence
* Time constrained hepatologists and limited contact with patients
Pharmacist-driven education and medication-management interventions have been shown to reduce hospital admissions, increase adherence to therapy and improve patient outcomes in other studies of collaborative outpatient practice. It is hypothesised that patient-centred education and medication-management intervention may address the complex relationship between patient knowledge, adherence and medication-management to improve outcomes for people with cirrhosis and reduce the burden on hospital resources.
Prof Elizabeth E Powell
Level 5, West Wing, Translational Research Institute
e.powell@uq.edu.au
Have study results been published in a peer-reviewed journal?
Have study results been made publicly available in another format?
Results – basic reporting
Results – plain English summary


*£77,292 of level term assurance over 10 years, for a 30 year old non smoker, £5.00 per month with Zurich. Fixmylifeinsurance is owned and operated by The Affiliate People Ltd, registered in England and Wales (Company No. 06903071). The Affiliate People Ltd is an Appointed Representative of Ingard Financial Ltd which is authorised and regulated by The Financial Conduct Authority, registered number 450731.


Synta Pharmaceuticals Reports Third Quarter 2008 Financial Results | Madrigal Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
LEXINGTON, Mass.--(BUSINESS WIRE)--Nov. 13, 2008--Synta Pharmaceuticals Corp. (NASDAQ: SNTA), a biopharmaceutical company focused on discovering, developing, and commercializing small molecule drugs to treat severe medical conditions, today reported financial results for the quarter ended September 30, 2008.
In the third quarter of 2008, the Company recorded $1.3 million of net collaboration revenue under its partnership agreement with GlaxoSmithKline (GSK). The Company reported a net loss attributable to common stockholders of $26.3 million, or $0.78 per basic and diluted share for the third quarter in 2008, compared to a net loss of $14.9 million or $0.44 per basic and diluted share for the same period in 2007. As of September 30, 2008, the Company had $83.4 million in cash, cash equivalents, and milestone payments receivable, which includes $25 million in milestone payments earned in September that were paid by GSK in the fourth quarter. This compares to $115.6 million in cash and cash equivalents as of December 31, 2007. There were no milestone payments receivable as of December 31, 2007.
"This was a productive quarter for Synta. We continued to make strong progress with the Phase 3 SYMMETRY trial of elesclomol in metastatic melanoma as well as the supporting studies and materials needed for product registration," said Safi Bahcall, Ph.D., President and Chief Executive Officer of Synta. "As previously disclosed, an interim safety and non-futility analysis will be conducted by an independent data monitoring committee in the fourth quarter; we expect to be informed of the outcome in December. Based on the current strong enrollment rates, we expect to complete enrollment in January or February of 2009 and conduct the primary endpoint analysis for progression free survival shortly thereafter."
"The preclinical and clinical data strongly suggest that cancers with elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are especially vulnerable to the oxidative stress induction mechanism of elesclomol. In addition to melanoma, tumor types with high ROS include prostate, breast, and ovarian," said Dr. Bahcall. "I am therefore very pleased to announce the initiation of a clinical trial with our sodium salt formulation of elesclomol in combination with docetaxel in hormone-refractory metastatic prostate cancer. We expect the first patient to be treated in this trial within the next few weeks. This Phase 1/2 trial will include up to 34 patients and will explore dose, safety, and signs of activity."
"Prostate cancer is a promising opportunity for elesclomol because there is a high unmet need in the hormone refractory population, because it is a cancer known to be high in ROS, and because taxanes are a widely accepted treatment option in this disease. The underlying biology suggests a strong rationale for combining elesclomol and taxanes, and we have seen evidence of strong synergistic activity in our preclinical models," said Dr. Bahcall.
"While we anticipate continuing to expand the elesclomol program, working closely with our partner, GSK, we also intend to continue to be conservative in our use of capital given the broader economic environment," said Dr. Bahcall. "The very substantial milestone payments and cost sharing from our partnership with GSK create a solid financial footing for Synta as we head into 2009."
"As previously announced, we expect to achieve $50 million in operational milestones from GSK before conducting the primary endpoint analysis of the SYMMETRY trial. We achieved $25 million of these milestones in the third quarter, and we expect to achieve $15 million in the fourth quarter and the remaining $10 million in the first quarter of next year," said Dr. Bahcall.
"For the calendar year, we expect to end 2008 with between $65 million and $70 million in cash and milestones receivable. As we begin 2009, we are eligible for a total of $110 million in melanoma-related milestones, which include the $10 million operational milestone expected in the first quarter, a $25 million payment if the trial meets the primary endpoint or if Synta and GSK agree to file for regulatory approval, and a further $75 million for melanoma regulatory filings and approvals. In addition to the melanoma-related milestones, we are eligible for $435 million in clinical and regulatory milestones associated with developing elesclomol in other cancer indications. Further strengthening our financial position, in the second quarter of 2009 we expect to transition to full elesclomol program cost-sharing with GSK. From that point forward we would pay a minor portion of all program costs."
"We also continue to advance our earlier pipeline programs, including STA-9090, our novel Hsp90 inhibitor, which is enrolling patients in two ongoing Phase 1 studies in solid tumors. These trials are enrolling well and continue to dose escalate," said Safi Bahcall. "We expect to initiate a third trial, a Phase 1/2 trial of STA-9090 in hematological cancers, by the end of this year or in the first quarter of next year. We are also enrolling patients in our Phase 2a study of apilimod, our oral IL-12/IL-23 inhibitor, in rheumatoid arthritis and continue to advance our earlier stage compounds."
In the third quarter of 2008, the Company recorded $1.3 million of net collaboration revenue under its partnership agreement with GSK. In the nine months ended September 30, 2008, the Company recorded $2.0 million of net collaboration revenue under its partnership agreement with GSK.
Synta reported a net loss attributable to common stockholders of $26.3 million, or $0.78 per basic and diluted share for the quarter ended September 30, 2008, compared to $14.9 million or $0.44 per basic and diluted share for the same period in 2007.
Synta reported a net loss attributable to common stockholders of $66.7 million, or $1.98 per basic and diluted share for the nine months ended September 30, 2008, compared to $106.6 million or $3.32 per basic and diluted share for the same period in 2007. Included in the net loss to shareholders for the nine months ended September 30, 2007 was a one-time, non-cash charge of $58.6 million for the fair value of the beneficial conversion feature of our preferred stock which we recognized upon the conversion of the preferred stock in connection with our IPO in February 2007.
Research and development expenses were $24.1 million for the third quarter in 2008 compared to $11.5 million for the same period in 2007. Research and development expenses were $58.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2008 compared to $38.7 million for the same period in 2007. General and administrative expenses were $3.7 million for the third quarter in 2008 compared to $3.9 million for the same period in 2007. General and administrative expenses were $11.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2008 compared to $11.2 million for the same period in 2007.
The Company ended the third quarter of 2008 with $83.4 million in cash, cash equivalents, and milestone payments receivable, which includes $25 million in milestone payments receivable that were paid by GSK in the fourth quarter. This compares to $115.6 million in cash and cash equivalents as of December 31, 2007. There were no milestone payments receivable as of December 31, 2007.
More detailed financial information and analysis may be found in the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, which was filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) on November 13, 2008.
Based upon our current operating plans, we expect to end 2008 with between approximately $65 million and $70 million of cash, cash equivalents, milestone payments receivable and marketable securities. This includes the $25 million in operational progress milestones Synta achieved in September from GSK and a further $15 million in operational milestones Synta expects to achieve before the end of the year.
Synta expects to earn an additional $10 million in operational milestone payments from GSK in the first quarter of 2009. In addition, Synta will be eligible for a milestone payment of $25 million upon achieving the primary endpoint of the SYMMETRY trial or upon the determination by Synta and GSK to file for regulatory approval, as well as $75 million in potential milestones from melanoma regulatory filings and approvals.
Management will conduct a conference call at 10:00 a.m. (ET) this morning to review the Company's third-quarter 2008 financial results. The conference call will be webcast live over the Internet and can be accessed by logging on to the "Investors" section of the Synta Pharmaceuticals website, www.syntapharma.com, prior to the event.
A pivotal Phase 3 clinical trial of elesclomol in combination with paclitaxel in patients with stage IV metastatic melanoma (the SYMMETRY(SM) trial) is ongoing; Phase 2 trials in other indications, and in combination with other agents, are planned. Elesclomol has received Fast Track and Orphan Drug designation from the FDA for metastatic melanoma, and the Phase 3 SYMMETRY trial has completed a Special Protocol Assessment process with the FDA. Information about the SYMMETRY trial can be found at www.symmetrymelanomastudy.com, or www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCI identifier # NCT00522834).


Lotus Driving Academy is offering a very special Mother's day experience that will really drive her nuts! Why not bring her to Hethel on March 15th?
The course will begin at 10am with a short introductory briefing on driving techniques and safety, and then it's on to the main event. Your mum will jump straight into the driver's seat of a fantastic Lotus Elise S for an exhilarating drive around our 2.2 mile test track at Hethel, the home of Lotus Cars.
This will be a 20 minute driving session with one of our professional instructors. At the end of the experience there will be a 3-lap demonstration with an instructor, where your mum will be shown just how fast our cars can really go! Your mum will also take home a driving assessment and certificate from the day.


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Careers in tech
Zombies, Run! could be the app that gets you exercising again, thanks to Kickstarter
September 30, 2011 - 11:24 pm
Drew Olanoff
Drew Olanoff was The Next Web's West Coast Editor. He coined the phrase "Social Good" and invented the "donation by action" model for onlin (show all) Drew Olanoff was The Next Web's West Coast Editor. He coined the phrase "Social Good" and invented the "donation by action" model for online charitable movements. He founded #BlameDrewsCancer. You can follow him on Twitter, Google+, Facebook, or email [email protected]
The Zombies, Run! story sounds like a fairytale. A group of people come up with a great idea for an app, and get some funding to build it. Except this fairytale doesn't go like most Silicon Valley stories. This time, the funding came from people who really want to use the app, not from an angel investor or VC firm. The company headed right to crowdsourced funding site Kickstarter.
You see, the company Six to Start hasn't completed this fairytale, yet. As of a month and a half ago, it is now able to start fulltime work on its dream, the Zombies, Run! app for iOS. This app could actually make people exercice in a whole new immersive way, using storytelling and achievements.
Here is the video that has gotten everyone excited about Zombies, Run! and driven them to donate to Six to Start on Kickstarter:
Recently, I was able to interview Co-Founder and CCO of Six To Start, Adrian Hon, about the amazing Zombies, Run! story.
TNW: Where did you come up with the idea for Zombies, Run!?
Adrian Hon: Adrian (another Adrian, CEO of Six to Start) and Naomi (lead writer on the game) had been saying for a long time that we should work together on making a game. We'd previously made Perplex City, an Alternate Reality Game (ARG) together from 2004 to 2007 at Mind Candy and we make a good combination: it's not easy to find writers who understand how to write for games or game designers who know the importance of good writing!
Adrian's a keen runner, and was interested in making a running app. Naomi had just done a 'beginning to run' course and one of the questions asked right at the start was "so, why do you want to run?" and someone answered "to outrun the zombie horde" which made everyone laugh. So when we sat down to chat through app ideas, and Adrian said "a running app?", Naomi said "how about something where you're outrunning the zombie horde?!" and that's where it all started.
Probably what makes our app a well thought-through game concept though is that combination of writing and game design. We're making sure that the story works with the game every step of the way. In the story you're running from zombies, you're trying to rebuild your base from a few terrified humans to a well-defended fortress city. In the gameplay, every run you go on you'll gather valuable supplies to strengthen the base and also hear more of the story. And we want to make it a good running experience too – nothing that makes you stare at a screen while you're trying to run, or that demands you do a personal best to get a badge or an achievement. Every run is an achievement – especially if you've survived a zombie attack!
TNW: How big is your team?
Adrian Hon: Six to Start is five people, including a developer, artist, and game designers, plus we're working with Naomi and a number of other people for sound production, voice acting, and so on.
TNW: Why did you decide to use Kickstarter instead of raising VC or seed funds?
Adrian Hon: The amount of money we needed to make Zombies, Run! is significantly less than what you'd normally want to approach VCs or even seed funds for – plus it's rather quicker and comes with fewer strings attached. In fact, we actually decided internally that we'd make Zombies, Run! even before considering Kickstarter, but Kickstarter makes it possible to provide much more polish and quality. Not that we're against raising funds from VCs or seed funds, but it didn't seem appropriate for this phase of the project.
TNW: How much did you raise, and how quickly?
Adrian Hon: Our target was $12,500 and as of today, we've raised $51,000. It's taken us about three weeks to get to that amount, and there'll be another few weeks after the fundraising period is over before we can access the money (not the mention the time and resources we spent on creating our Kickstarter trailer and promo pages). But all in all, it's been a very fast process with practically no gatekeepers.
TNW: What is the guarantee you make that the app WILL make its way to the
store? Just a personal guarantee?
Adrian Hon: Six to Start has been making high profile, award-winning games for the BBC, Channel 4, Penguin, and Death Cab for Cutie, and we've worked with companies including Microsoft, Disney Imagineering, and the British Museum. We have a solid track record and an impeccable reputation, and we don't want to harm it by disappointing people. Likewise, Naomi has published three books and has won the Orange Prize for New Writers. We feel that's a pretty good guarantee.
TNW: How are the Kickstarter funds being used?
Adrian Hon: We're using the funds to help pay for voice actors, production
facilities, testing, producing the Kickstarter rewards, and also to
fund development of extra game features and content.
It's an amazing story, and Six to Start clearly has the background to pull this off. I personally can't wait to use the Zombies, Run! app, and it will be interesting to see if other app developers take a look at the Kickstarter funding direction and take it, rather than VC money.
Much like Silicon Valley though, people gave money because they trust the team, loved the concept, and want to see the application come to life. Six to Start promises to do it, and we'll be ready to review it.
Adrian Hon left us with this quote about Kickstarter:
Kickstarter allowed us to raise money from consumers directly without having to go through publishers or other middlemen. We've been able to preserve our original vision for Zombies, Run! with zero compromises and we've raised over $50,000 from over 2500 people in mere weeks, pretty much guaranteeing that the game will be a success when it's launched next year. Crowdfunding isn't going to be the best option for every project or business, but for Zombies, Run! it's been perfect.
Published September 30, 2011 - 11:24 pm UTC
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Home > DIVERSE LEADERSHIP > BOARD LEADERSHIP
MAKING BOARDS INCLUSIVE
DIVERSITY IN THE BOARDROOM – BREAKING THE IMPASSE
Atul K. Shah, Diverse Ethics
The statistics on diversity and equality in British Boards, both private and public, are very poor. Overwhelmingly, Boards tend to be white and male. The situation is much worse in the private sector, where less than 15% of Footsie Directors are women, and less than 5% from Ethnic Minorities ( even when most of these companies trade globally). People with disability are virtually absent from boardrooms.
At Diverse Ethics, we have written a number of articles explaining the impasse – there is compelling evidence of a widespread culture of fear of difference in the boardroom, and people in power, prefer to have more of the same – people who look and act in the same way. We have also worked with the Appointments Commission to help them expand their recruitment base and reach a wider audience, especially of ethnic minorities. Our experience and work has shown that there is a very strong pool of ethnic candidates available and ready to take up these roles. However, the truth is that in many Boards, there is ignorance of the benefits of diversity and distrust- a real nervousness about power-sharing. The Equality Act 2010 makes it very clear that organisations have to be open and non-discriminatory at every level, and they have to be seen to be acting in that way and not simply hide behind facile policy statements. Institutional racism or discrimination is illegal.
One highly innovative scheme designed by the Museums, Libraries & Archives Council to break this impasse, especially in the area of ethnic diversity, where the sector has huge challenges, was to create an Informal Board Secondment Scheme - a fixed pilot period of appointment (one year) where both secondees and the Board get a chance to test the experience. The stated objective was 'to enable the Board and Executive to enjoy the benefit of advice and guidance from non-traditional sources, such that the MLA is better equipped to represent the needs and interests of society.' Designed by the Chairman Sir Andrew Motion, and Chief Executive Roy Clare CBE, the scheme benefited from expert leadership and commitment from day one and was designed to be reciprocal, so that Secondees also benefited from the training and experience. There was also a wider sectoral objective: 'the Scheme would contribute to a broadening of the demographic composition of Boards across the sector so that the benefits of the initiative would reverberate well beyond the MLA, bringing diversity and a fresh approach to decision-making throughout the public sector.'
Members of the MLA Board at one of their meetings, hosted at the Oshwal Centre in London
Two secondees were appointed for a twelve month period, after a selection process – Ms. Subnum Hariff from Bolton Libraries, and Dr. Atul Shah, from Diverse Ethics. Each secondee was allocated a staff and Board mentor, and given an initial period of training and orientation to the workings of the Board. They were invited to attend all Board meetings as observers, including strategy meetings. Reflecting on the whole experience, the secondees found it – 'fantastic, personally energising, and excellent practical leadership training.' Sir Andrew Motion explained: "The entire Board and the Executive have greatly valued the Secondee's participation – we know that the work of the MLA has benefitted from your insight and experience."
In summary, a secondment scheme is an excellent way of giving both sides an experience of the importance of a diverse Board, enabling greater trust, respect and a more representative Boardroom, which is less exclusive and more creative.
Rebecca Scott, partner at the international accounting firm Mazars and a specialist on Board Leadership commented on the experience – 'excellent and very innovative – worth promoting more widely.'
Article added on 28th January 2011 at 3:02pm


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The makekey utility encrypts a key and salt which it reads from the standard input and writes the result to the standard output. The key is expected to be eight bytes; the salt is expected to be two bytes. See crypt(3) for more information on what characters the key and salt can contain and how the encrypted value is calculated.


Skutis Tours Bali offers a variety of skutis trips through Bali as the Island of Gods. The primary aspect of our Bali tours is to have fun while experiencing riding our fume and noiseless skutis. Bali E-Scooter tours under the new brand Skutis Tours Bali that organizing sightseeing tours with electric kick-scooters (skutis) since December 2017. Explore Bali in a safer, more fun, and environmentally friendly way.
14.50 – Behind Canggu Square next to Skutis Corporation showroom. Start skutis riding practice (guests will be trained on how to ride skutis safely, perform slalom, emergency stops etc). Final safety instructions for the upcoming tour.
15.30 – Behind Canggu Square next to Skutis Corporation showroom. Finish the practice session and start the tour to the first stop at Pura Dalem Perancak.
16.15 – Arrive at Waroeng Geulis for local snacks(vegetarian/vegan) and beverages.
16.50 – Continue the trip to the next stop at rice fields and Empela river (with waterfall).
17.00 – Arrive at the rice fields and river (introduction about the cremation ceremony of local villagers and it's relation with the river).
17.45 – Heading to the last spot at LV8.


With the birth of a new company comes a variety of decisions to make. The type of entity the business operates under can be one of the most important decisions a new business owner makes. Different entities have different qualities that can affect the business, including limited liability, tax status, and management and ownership characteristics.
Sole proprietorships are businesses where the owner does not operate the business under an entity. Sole proprietors are personally liable for all claims and liabilities of the business, including personal liability claims, product liability claims, employment disputes, and business loan obligations. Because a sole proprietor can be held personally liable for these liabilities and claims, a sole proprietor is at high risk of personal bankruptcy as compared to owners of entities which protect the owner from personal liability, such as limited liability companies and corporations.
C-Corporations: A c-corporation issues shares to shareholders and is managed by a board of directors and officers who serve under the board of directors. Generally, a shareholder has limited voting rights and is allocated profits and losses based on the number and type of shares owned. C-corporations generally provide limited liability protection to their shareholders, directors, and officers, except under certain circumstances such as when a director or officer fails to act in good faith acts with gross negligence or willful misconduct. Therefore, these people are generally shielded from the corporation's claims and liabilities. Unfortunately, c-corporations are subject to double taxation. Shareholders are taxed on their distributions, and the entity itself must also pay taxes.
S-Corporations: Both limited liability companies and c-corporations can be treated as s-corporations for tax purposes when a proper tax election is filed. S-corporations are very similar to c-corporations in that they are subject to pass through taxation. However, unlike the limited liability company, s-corporations have limitations on who may be a shareholder/owner of the company.
Limited liability companies are considered a separate entity from the owners, and the owners are therefore shielded from personal liability for the business' liabilities and claims, except for certain situations such as when an owner personally guarantees a loan or where an owner fails to properly operate limited liability as an independent entity separate from other entities. The benefits of a limited liability company go beyond limited liability protection. Like s-corporations, limited liability companies have the benefit of pass through taxation, although a limited liability company's management may choose to elect double taxation. Interests are also freely transferable within a limited liability company.
On top of the already mentioned benefits of limited liability company, limited liability companies can also be structured as series limited liability companies, which are only permitted in a limited number of locations, including Texas, Nevada, Washington D.C., Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, Oklahoma, Tennessee, Utah, Puerto Rico, and the birthplace of the series limited liability company, Delaware. Under a series limited liability company, several separate limited liability companies are formed under one parent or holding limited liability company. Each series can be formed to have a different purpose, hold different assets, operate differently, be managed differently, have different members, and have a variety of other different characteristics than the other limited liability companies under the parent or holding company. The major advantage of a series limited liability company is that each series limited liability company has separate liability, and there is no need to incur any extra costs to formally file for one or more separate limited liability companies. The series limited liability company is especially beneficial for companies that have multiple locations or are based in real estate.
If nothing is filed with a governmental office and there are two or more people coming together to make a profit, then the default rule is that the entity is a general partnership. By default, partners in a general partnership manage the business equally and share profits equally, but a partnership agreement may allow for, among other things, unequal ownership and management responsibilities and an unequal share of profits and losses. Like limited liability companies, the general partnership is subject to the more favorable pass through taxation. In a general partnership, each partner has a right to participate in the management of the business, but the partners are held personally liable for any of the business' liabilities or claims.
A limited partnership is composed of both limited partners and general partners. A limited partnership is managed by a general partner but provides limited liability to the limited partners who do not manage the business. Of course, this means the general partner can be held personally liable for the liabilities and claims of the business, and the limited partners cannot participate in the management of the business without losing their limited liability protection.
As opposed to a limited partnership, a limited liability partnership is composed of only limited partners and no general partner. Each limited partner is protected against the misconduct and malpractice of the other limited partners and is generally protected from personal liability for the liabilities and claims of the business, except to the extent of their investment. However, they may be held liable for certain acts, including gross negligence or willful misconduct.
Organizing and maintaining a business can be extremely complicated and the consequences for running afoul of the numerous laws and rules, including federal and state tax laws, can be severe. Proper legal guidance is paramount.
Provide individualized and customary preliminary and structural advice.
File all documents necessary to register your company.
Draft all governing documents for your company.
Provide you with a "How To" guide for maintaining your company.
Prepare all documents and provide support necessary to make the best federal tax election.


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Home	Technology	The Eastern Health Cluster (Kingdom of Saudia Arabia) selects patient safety software from RLDatix to meet Vision 2030 objectives
The Eastern Health Cluster (Kingdom of Saudia Arabia) selects patient safety software from RLDatix to meet Vision 2030 objectives
by jcp July 29, 2021
RIYADH – RLDatix, the leading global provider of intelligent patient safety solutions, has been selected by Eastern Health Cluster (EHC) to power its patient safety and improvement initiatives across all 125 healthcare facilities in the cluster. It is the first of 21 health clusters in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), to be using the cloud-based DatixCloudIQ (DCIQ) software to align with the government Vision 2030 objectives. DCIQ was selected for its proven ability to deliver an organisation-wide view of governance, risk and compliance (GRC), and for its ability to expand capabilities to include Enterprise Risk Manager that will enable the monitoring, prioritising and mitigation of risk throughout the organisation.
King Fahad Specialist Hospital Dammam (KFSH-D), part of the EHC, has been successfully using RLDatix software since 2014. The system will be updated and deployed across all facilities within the EHC, starting with KFSH-D. Initially, the DCIQ Capture Toolkit will enable the collation and triage of data for incidents, claims, feedback, and mortality reviews. The Datix Anywhere app will be used by staff to capture the details of key events via a mobile or tablet device, supporting user engagement and encouraging faster and more comprehensive reporting. The new solution will de-silo data and provide a unified system across all facilities within the cluster which includes 22 hospitals and 148 primary care health locations, providing visibility of all patient safety data, enabling learnings and improvements to be implemented on a wide scale across the cluster. The powerful DCIQ analysis and reporting tool will connect all facilities with highly adaptable reporting and real-time alerting, supporting staff engagement and decision-making at a corporate level.
Dr. Khalid Hamawi, Vice President of Clinical Excellence in EHC said "Transforming healthcare has found poor safety culture to be a significant contributing factor to adverse outcomes. Ineffective leadership can contribute to adverse events in various ways, such as insufficient support for patient safety event reporting and lack of feedback. Utilizing an effective electronic reporting system like RLDatix will support our healthcare facilities to capture and process adverse events, providing information-rich data from safety events and near misses to inform learning and systems improvement."
Safa Jawa, Director, Quality and Patient Safety Administration at KFSH-D commented; "RLDatix provides a proven, powerful and flexible solution for patient safety and risk management, that will enable EHC to meet the strategic objectives of the Kingdom's Vision 2030 and expand our services to meet the future needs of our citizens. Our journey with the RLDatix software and the collaborative and dynamic RLDatix team has been, and always will be, fruitful. The flexibility to configure significant components of the software to tailor it to KFSH-D needs, the notification feature and real-time dashboard enables us to capture adverse and other safety events, in addition to identifying trends and patterns. I am confident that DCIQ and the RLDatix mobile app will drive incident reporting and improve staff engagement."
"EHC is the first of the newly formed health clusters in KSA to adopt a central approach to patient safety and risk management and we are delighted to be supporting such an innovative project," said Darren Gates, General Manager – International, RLDatix "This latest partnership furthers our position as the global leader in the Governance, Risk and Compliance (GRC) space and amplifies our commitment to supporting patient and health worker safety in the region."
About RLDatix
RLDatix is on a mission to change healthcare. We help organisations drive safer, more efficient care by providing governance, risk and compliance tools that drive overall improvement and safety. Our Applied Safety IntelligenceTM (ASI) framework enables stakeholders across the enterprise to have immediate access to a single source of truth for their safety, compliance, and provider data, raising awareness of performance opportunities and interventions needed to mitigate risk and the severity of harm. With over 4,000 customers in 19 countries, RLDatix helps protect patients and health workers around the world. For more information, visit www.rldatix.com
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People are right to be skeptical about binaural beats. It seems hard to believe that by simply putting on headphones brain state can be positively manipulated.
Moreover, where such a science exists there must be evidence, right? Of course.
We know that Heinrich Wilhelm Dove and Dr. Gerald Oster concluded that binaural beats had the potential to impact cognitive behaviour , but it has only been in the last 30 years that further research has taken their work further to discover that binaural beats brainwave entrainment can help control and cure conditions such as ADHD, depression and anxiety.
In 2007, an interesting study took place in the USA. The study assessed the psychologic and physiologic effects of binaural beats.
Carried out by the Helfgott Research Institute, National College of Natural Medicine, Portland, the study took 8 healthy adults and gave them a CD with delta (0-4 Hz) binaural beat frequencies to listen to daily for 60 days.
Psychologic and physiological data were collected before and after a 60-day intervention. In terms of psychology the study measured anxiety, mood state and quality of life, and physiologically the study looked at things like insulin and dopamine levels, melatonin and blood pressure levels over the duration.
The results showed a decrease in trait anxiety, an increase in quality of life, and a decrease in insulin-like growth factor and dopamine in all patients.
The results speak for themselves, binaural beats work. And used over extended periods of time the effects on quality of life, happiness, and general wellbeing are very real.
If you'd like to read the finer details of the study you'll find them here.


Bonita Springs Area Title Company Volunteers At "Halloween In The Park" in Bonita Springs.
Looking for a fun TRICK OR TREATING venue in Bonita/Estero area this Halloween?
Look no further then "Halloween in the Park", sponsored by the City of Bonita Springs and B.E.A.R. (Bonita Springs Estero Association of REALTORS).
Bonita Springs Area Title Company, Winged Foot Title's, is proud to announce that Marian Rosencrans will be volunteering her time at "Halloween in the Park" on Monday, October 31, at Riverside Park in Bonita Springs. From 6:00PM to 8:00PM, kids of all ages can enjoy games, face painting and of course candy . . . lots and lots of candy!
Marian will be passing out goodies at the Winged Foot Title table – Make sure to stop by and say "hello" (and of course "trick or treat") to get some goodies for your halloween bag!
Halloween in the Park is sponsored by the City of Bonita Springs and B.E.A.R. (Bonita Springs Estero Association of REALTORS). This is Marian's 3rd year of participating in the event designed to give Bonita Springs & Estero area children a safe and fun environment in which to Trick or Treat.
Marian is delighted to have watched the number of children served swell from 400 her first year to over 1,000 in 2010. Need more information or have questions, please don't hesitate to give me a call (239) 985-4142 or contact me online.
Well we've made it. The girls – my wife Lydia and daughter Emerson – and I left Fort Myers late Tuesday and made it to Jacksonville before packing it in. We started slowly this morning but banked enough time for a quick pit stop in charming Savannah, GA.
We hit Savannah about lunch time. Online and friend reviews took us to Soho South Cafe, which lived up to its billing. Lydia had a Mediterranean grill; Emerson a PB & J; and I the salmon BLT on the recommendation of Liza, our server. The restaurant is an eclectic mix of furniture and art. Its only consistent design element within the warehouse shell is its inconsistency. We were reminded of one of our favorites from Philadelphia – The White Dog Cafe. The lunch crowd was part local – from lawyers talking their first cases before certain testy judges to businessmen – and part tourist. Overall a great spot for our first stop in Savannah.
Savannah is a wonderfully walkable place – quite a welcome reprieve from what we are used to. We strolled from Soho South Cafe to Chippewa Square then snaked through side streets back to the wagon to get back on the road. We were not disappointed when we rolled into Charleston a couple of hours later..


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