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Leonard J. Barnes and youth work
Leonard J. Barnes and youth work. L. J. Barnes championed experimentation, facilitation and spontaneity in youth work – and criticized inculcation. We explore his thinking and impact.
contents: introduction · leonard barnes – life and work · leonard barnes on the purpose of youth work · youth work and spontaneity · character-building or growing personality? · conclusion · further reading and references · links · how to cite this article
Leonard John Barnes (1895-1977) produced two important reports for the King George's Jubilee Trust: Youth Service in an English County (1945) and The Outlook for Youth (1948). His analysis of the current state of youth work in the latter – and his suggestions for the future development of voluntary organizations – provided a refreshing and challenging agenda for youth work. In particular his concern with the cultivation of spontaneity and in the possibilities of experimental work within voluntary organizations open up some interesting possibilities. Unfortunately, the debates that ensued did not generate quite the light that would have been hoped – partly, perhaps, because of some of the oppositions he sets in his work, and his critique of traditional approaches and organizations.
Leonard Barnes – life and work (1)
Leonard John Barnes was born in London on 21 July 1895. Educated at St. Paul's School in Hammersmith, he served in the First World War in the King's Royal Rifle Corps. He was wounded three times and awarded the Military Cross with bar. At the end of the war he went to University College, Oxford and upon completion of his degree entered the Colonial Office. However, Leonard Barnes was only in the Civil Service for a brief period. He then went to South Africa, where he worked as a farmer, and later as a journalist in Cape Town. In 1932 he returned to England and wrote The New Boer War documenting his experiences overseas. Barnes concentrated on his writing on colonial and development issues (Barnes 1935, 1939).
In 1936 Leonard Barnes he was appointed lecturer in education at the University of Liverpool. He got married in 1943 to Margaret (Peggy). As well undertaking the two studies for the King George's Jubilee Trust, Barnes was a member of the Carr-Saunders Commission to Malaya in the late 1940s to enquire into education provision and the foundation of a university. In 1947 the Leonard and Peggy Barnes moved to Oxford following his appointment as Secretary and Director of the Delegacy for Social Training in Oxford University (later the Department of Social and Administrative Studies) at Barnett House. (Barnett House was established in 1914 as a memorial to Canon Barnett, former warden of Toynbee Hall. It was to be a centre for the study of social and economic problems, and the education and preparation of young men and women for social work or social research). Barnes succeeded Miss C. V. Butler, who since 1919 had been Director of Social Training – and the department grew to employ four full-time tutors by the time he retired in 1962.
Upon his retirement, Leonard Barnes visited Central and East Africa several times under the auspices of the United Nations Economic Commission. He worked as a consultant to examine how African countries were coping with modernisation and sociological problems. A number of books resulted (e.g. Barnes 1969). In 1973 Kenneth Kaunda invited Barnes to report on Zambia's political and economic problems, resulting in Zambia 1973: Comment and Appraisal. Leonard Barnes was a prolific writer, publishing a large number of books on the situation in Africa, educational problems, the Empire and the Commonwealth. He also wrote poetry and biographical material (Barnes 1961; 1935).
Leonard Barnes died on 10 March 1977.
Leonard Barnes and purpose of youth work
Leonard Barnes key contributions to youth work come in two areas: the careful study of youth work in one particular area (1945) and a report to the King George's Jubilee Trust (1948). This report explored the future scope of agencies in the youth service with regard to changes following the 1944 Education Act; and the specific contribution that voluntary youth organizations can make. His argument was that the old distinction between official and voluntary agencies was in the process of breaking down as far as youth work was concerned. 'Voluntaryism can no longer be defined in terms of self-constituted private enterprise, financial self-sufficiency, or freedom from official guidance' (Barnes 1948: 120). There still was a case for voluntary organizations, he argued, but it did not lie in their structures. Rather, Leonard Barnes suggests, 'the real voluntary bodies are pilot organizations which concentrate on… exploration and development (1948: 121).
Experimentation, the trying out of new methods, the opening up new fields, the training and testing of new hypotheses – these are the activities which not only evince the vitality, but can permanently guarantee the indispensability, of the voluntary youth organization. (Barnes 1948: 120)
Over the last couple of decades, there has been more than a grain of truth in this analysis. Much of the innovation in English youth work, for example, has come from voluntary organizations. His argument that the barriers between organizations, with the benefit of hindsight, was somewhat off the mark. The development of initiatives like Connexions in recent years has brought to the fore debates about the independence of voluntary organizations and the extent to which governments are defining their work and agendas.
Barnes viewed youth work as a form of constructive social medicine providing 'a cultural health service' (Barnes 1948: 18).
It is one part among many parts of the systematic effort which our society makes to stop the transmission to the new generation of the cultural disorders of the old, while at the same time securing the continuity of the main tradition and facilitating its further development (op. cit.)
In particular, Leonard Barnes was worried about the impact of advanced industrialization – and the extent to which it is destructive of spontaneous solidarity and of human well-being. He also had a strong desire to counter any resurgence of Fascism. His analysis was influenced by the work of psychoanalysts and social commentators like Erich Fromm (1942) and L. L. Whyte (1944).
The main social avenues are thought to be three. It is possible, in the first place, for social groups to advance beyond freedom in its negative form of absence of restraint to a positive form of freedom. In the second place, groups may find release from the incubus of negative freedom in blind submission and abject devotion to a leader; this is the method of fascism. In the third place, there is the 'compulsive conforming to accepted patterns'; some observers find this typical of western democracy and describe it as the 'automatization of man'.. Both the method of fascism and the method of western democracy may be regarded as emptying the baby out with the bath water, in other words as a shedding of the individual self, an amputation of personality in the hope of finding deliverance from aloneness and impotence. In post-war Britain all three ways are manifestly being tried, though Fromm and his school may be right in thinking that the way of automatism is still commoner than either of the others both here and in America. (Barnes 1948: 23)
Youth workers, Barnes argued, need to be able to distinguish between these three influences – and 'should possess some skill in neutralising the last two and in buildiing up a system of preferential tariffs favouring the first'. He argued that youth workers should have 'a firm practical grasp of the principle that full individual development is impossible except by sharing actively in the development of a self-governing community; that freedom is a phenomenon of co-operation, not of isolation' (1948: 121). They should also recognize:
No man is the lord of anything,
though in and of him there be mush consisting,
till he communicate his part to others…
Youth work and spontaneity
The suggestion in the study is that mental and spiritual welfare are not to be found except along the line of positive freedom and that the youth service should be concerned with facilitating positive freedom (Barnes 1948: 28). Leonard Barnes focuses on spontaneity – a term which is difficult to define – but by which he means 'the development of the characteristic form of the individual by means of his participation in the characteristic form of the community of which he is a member' (1948: 66). His conception of spontaneity is of behaviour that is 'whole-hearted or whole-natured'. It proceeds from a personality 'not divided against itself and not disorganised by feelings of guilt, inferiority, isolation or fear' (1948: 30). Leonard Barnes call this spontaneous because, 'it is immune alike from the anxieties of automatism and the obsessions of fascism, and is neither hysterical nor compulsive' (op. cit.).
This analysis and wish runs close to Erich Fromm's advocacy of 'being' as against 'having'. It is the first to explicitly and firmly link the practice of youth work firmly into a critical tradition of social theory. (It was some time before it returned in the work of Butters and Newell [1978] and others). The dominant interest of youth work, according to Barnes, is in forms of activity and 'regions of experience' which are spontaneous in the inclusive sense described above. Its practical function, 'is to provide opportunities and encouragement for young people to behave in spontaneous ways'.
In proportion as people develop a generalised trait of spontaneity, two series of consequences will tend to make their appearance. In the first place, the individual will move towards unitary, undivided personality himself; as a person he will not be split, crippled, or lop-sided. He will have a distinctive multi-dimensional identity authentically his own, and will not take shape as a fake-arrangement of mirrors, an equivocation of the fiend that may lie with some semblance of truth, but can yield only a hollow man who is no more than a bundle of reflections of other hollow men. In the second place, the individual will begin to form one substance with a community which in its turn is coming to be possessed of positive freedom. In the complete system of individual-community the social quality of positive freedom and the individual quality of spontaneity mutually express and guarantee each other. (Barnes 1948: 66)
This orientation entails youth workers looking at the world in a different way – and requires a different form of organizational base. His solution was the development of a planned and coherent service. Just whether it would lead to quite the result he envisaged is another matter. 'Coherent services' don't necessarily mean that they either act in the interests of young people, nor that they promote the sorts of democratic freedoms and flourishing that Leonard Barnes sought. We know from the current experience of 'joined-up thinking' within the English Connexions strategy that the dominant mode of thinking comes far closer to what Fromm saw as having rather than being.
Character-building or growing personality?
Perhaps the element of Leonard Barnes' analysis that stuck within the literature and discourse of youth work is his distinction between character-building (inculcation) and growing personality (facilitation) .
Inculcators are the spiritual descendants of the great Dr. Thomas Arnold, who held "that boyhood was a naturally depraved and inferior state, and that true Christian morality must be imposed on the young from above by their superiors." They are by disposition and by conviction hammerers-in and drivers-home of principles known on unimpeachable authority to be sound; they stand above the young, making laws for them and enforcing those laws on them. They may launch a direct assault on the citadel of the young spirit and try to reduce it by main force; or they may be gentle-seeming, tortuous, and cunning beyond the dreams of serpents, playing with endless virtuosity on all the stops of hope and fear, beguiling the young spirit with the one into seeking what it should cleave to, and with the other steering it clear of what it ought to avoid. Methods of approach and types of pressure vary indefinitely; what is constant is the stress on duty, obedience, loyalty, service. (Barnes 1948: 46)
His portrayal of character-building looks to the transmission of established and, for them, eternally valid principles of life. As Barnett (1951: 39) commented, by implication. 'the inculcator would appear to view his subjects less as young persons than young things who may be hoped to emerge into persons after the indoctrination process has been completed'.
In contrast, for Leonard Barnes, the facilitator proceeds in quite a different fashion. For them 'the starting point and the goal alike are unity'.
The facilitator, discerning throughout nature a general tendency towards whole-making, thinks it an hypothesis worth testing that human personalities follow the same law, and can and do become whole, given appropriate conditions. A main part of his task, therefore, is to grade as many actual and possible conditions as he can in an order of appropriateness from the standpoint of personality growth. He does this by observation and experiment, no unimpeachable authority having vouchsafed him a pre-view of the answers.
The facilitator proceeds from the further assumption (until he encounters evidence inconsistent with it) that personality is a creation… The young person is always striving to make sense of himself and to be in good form, without, however, being able to say beforehand precisely what the finished meaning should be, any more than a composer at work can predict what his symphony will be like by the time it is written. He moves forward step by step, guided in his new adjustments and his choice of new goals by their congruence with past and present interests, satisfactions, and successes; in a word, his form keeps continuity as it develops. (Barnes 1948: 48-9)
The emphasis on wholes, on experimentation, and upon seeking to create the sort of environment that might allow learning to flow from experience seems to come straight from John Dewey (Dewey is not acknowledged) and from Maria Montessori (she is acknowledged). Setting inculcation against facilitation in this way is problematic – as Barnett (1951: 40-1) notes. A similar emphasis on facilitation as against teaching (by writers like Carl Rogers) has also been exposed as involving significant issues.
Barnes has presented us with a thesis and its (in his judgement) correct antithesis. What we are left to inquire is whether in the first place any synthesis is even desirable, and if so, whether it is in fact possible. Barnes leaves us in no doubt as to his own answer. You can be an inculcator or you can be a facilitator. But you cannot conscientiously and wittingly be both.
Now this, I submit, is not wholly correct… I believe our right attitude should be a real, not imaginary or theoretical, coalescing of the two points of view. We should, and can, be both inculcators and educators (Barnett 1951: 41)
Leonard Barnett, of course, was writing from a specifically Christian viewpoint but the point he makes has a general significance. Inculcation is not necessarily opposed to reason. 'In the business of Christian character-building', Barnett (1951: 42) comments, 'we are at no point called upon either to flee from reason, to disallow its claims, or to set it in opposition to the very process we are endeavouring to facilitate. And we may attempt to communicate the truth about life – an essentially religious truth – to club members, without doing despite to their personalities'. Many years later, Paulo Freire was make a similar point about a focus on facilitation.
I am an educator. I am not a facilitator. The act of teaching is not included in the concept of facilitation. As a teacher, I know I have things to teach. don't need to feel ashamed. If a teacher says he is equal, he is incompetent, or trying to get some favour from the students. But being different from the students does not mean being authoritarian. It means being competent in order to get the respect and support of the students. (quoted by Kirkwood 1991: 43)
Leonard Barnett argued that youth workers had good reason to be grateful to Leonard Barnes 'for the stimulus he has provided them'. Barnes certainly highlighted an important tension in the work when he set inculcation against facilitation. Under the influence of Carl Rogers, T. R. Batten and others the language and orientation of the 'facilitative attitude' became a strong part of youth work. With it came a particular set of problems. Workers often set themselves strongly against being seen as teachers, or as having a particular agenda or expertise. At worst, this was simple deceit – and led a great deal of smuggling of content. At best it allowed for a concern with process and with conversation – but left the educator with only half the role required.
Barnes' interest in social theory – and the breadth of his anthropological experience – allowed him to ask fundamental questions about the purpose and nature of youth work, and the society in which it was taking place. His concern with selfhood and the extent to which young people could grow up to be fully rounded and fulfilled individuals in a society increasing looking to things and in which people are alienated from themselves and each other remains pertinent. Barnes' emphasis on facilitation, spontaneity and experimentation was both an expression of, and a spur to, some profound shifts within youth work.
(1) These biographical details were taken from outlines at School of Oriental and African Studies Archives and from Department of Social Policy and Social Work, University of Oxford. Accessed 17 June, 2002.
Barnes, Leonard J.(1932) The New Boer War, London : L. & V. Woolf.
Barnes, Leonard J. (1935) Zulu Paraclete. A sentimental record. [A narrative of farming life in South Africa.], London : Peter Davies.
Barnes, Leonard J. (1939) Empire or democracy? : A study of the colonial question, London: Gollancz.
Barnes, Leonard J. (1945) Youth Service in an English County, London, King George's Jubilee Trust.
Barnes, Leonard J. (1948) The Outlook for Youth Work, London: King George's Jubilee Trust.
Barnes, Leonard J. (1961) The Homecoming. [A poem.], London : Peter Davies.
Barnes, Leonard J. (1969) African renaissance, London: Victor Gollancz.
Barnett, Leonard P. (1951) The Church Youth Club, London: Methodist Youth Department.
Butters, S. and Newell, S. (1978) Realities of Training. A review of the training of adults who volunteer to work with young people in the youth and community service, Leicester: National Youth Bureau.
Fromm, E. (1942) The Fear of Freedom, London: Routledge and Kegan Paul.
Kirkwood, G. (1991) 'Fallacy: The community educator should be a non-directive facilitator' in B. O'Hagan (ed.) The Charnwood Papers. Fallacies in community education, Ticknall: Education Now.
Rogers, C. and Freiberg, H. J. (1993) Freedom to Learn (3rd edn.), New York: Merrill.
Whyte, L. L. (1944) The Next Development in Man, London: Cresset Press.
To cite this article: Smith, M. K. (2002) 'Leonard Barnes and youth work', the encyclopedia of informal education, http://www.infed.org/mobi/barnes.htm. Last update: December 06, 2012


Discovery of lacustrine microbialite reservoirs in South Atlantic pre-salt has motivated the search for analogs for perspectives on their deposition and initial porosity. Although previous efforts mapped spatial patterns and produced facies models of large microbial lacustrine systems, details of the origins of microbialite fabrics are less well constrained. To address these unknowns, this study evaluates the influence of organic matter source, abundance, and growth habit on Holocene microbialite fabrics. Integrated multi-scale analyses characterize fabrics of Holocene microbialites in a small, shallow, hypersaline, alkaline lake in the southern Bahamas. The results of analyses reveal: systematic distribution of surface sediment, unlithified microbial mats, and microbialites; microbialite fabrics vary considerably on several scales, and porosity varies from 43 to 59%; and organic matter abundance, rather than source, is interpreted to control fabric. Although ultimate preservation is unknown, understanding the genesis of primary fabrics may provide insights into pore evolution in reservoir analogs. Discovery of lacustrine microbialite reservoirs in South Atlantic pre-salt has motivated the search for analogs for perspectives on their deposition and initial porosity. Although previous efforts mapped spatial patterns and produced facies models of large microbial lacustrine systems, details of the origins of microbialite fabrics are less well constrained. To address these unknowns, this study evaluates the influence of organic matter source, abundance, and growth habit on Holocene microbialite fabrics. Integrated multi-scale analyses characterize fabrics of Holocene microbialites in a small, shallow, hypersaline, alkaline lake in the southern Bahamas. The results of analyses reveal: systematic distribution of surface sediment, unlithified microbial mats, and microbialites; microbialite fabrics vary considerably on several scales, and porosity varies from 43 to 59%; and organic matter abundance, rather than source, is interpreted to control fabric. Although ultimate preservation is unknown, understanding the genesis of primary fabrics may provide insights into pore evolution in reservoir analogs.


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Nation Current Affairs 30 Jul 2016 After Mehbooba Mufti ...
After Mehbooba Mufti, J&K deputy CM claims Wani's encounter was 'accident'
Published Jul 30, 2016, 9:08 pm IST
Updated Jul 30, 2016, 9:14 pm IST
Earlier, Mufti had said that security forces were unaware of Wani's presence during the July 8 raid at his hideout.
J&K Deputy CM Nirmal Singh (Photo: PTI)
Srinagar: Echoing Jammu and Kashmir Chief Minister Mehbooba Mufti's comments over Hizbul Mujahideen terrorist Burhan Wani's encounter, state Deputy Chief Minister Nirmal Singh on Saturday called the encounter an 'accident'.
Explaining that the security forces did not know about Wani's presence prior to the encounter, Singh said, "When the encounter took place, security personnel informed that 4 terrorists were killed, identification took place later."
"If we would have known (Burhan Wani's encounter), we would have taken better precautionary measures," Singh added, saying that such operations would continue.
"It was a routine anti-terrorist operation. Such operations will continue. They are terrorists and will be dealt in such way only," Singh said.
On Thursday, Jammu and Kashmir Chief Minister Mehbooba Mufti had said that the security forces were not aware of Hizbul commander Wani's presence during the July 8 raid at his hideout at Kokernag in South Kashmir in which he was killed.
Mufti also indicated that the situation could have perhaps been controlled better had the security forces known about Wani's presence.
Protests broke out across Kashmir Valley on July 9, a day after Wani was killed in the encounter.
In the ensuing clashes between protesters and security forces, 47 persons, including two policemen, were killed and 5,500 were injured.
Tags: mehbooba mufti, burhan wani, hizbul mujahideen, nirmal singh
■Didn't know about Burhan Wani's killing: Mehbooba Mufti
■BJP contradicts Mehbooba, says forces were aware of Wani's presence
Gennova Biopharma working on Omicron-specific COVID-19 vaccine: Source
Why fewer seats for women: SC
Mid-air collision of Indigo flights averted: DGCA to probe, assures strict action
Health ministry yet to take decision on COVID shots for children aged 12-14 yrs

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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El Imperio armenio (95 a. C.-12 d. C.) fue un imperio que abarcó desde el mar Caspio hasta el mar Mediterráneo, dominando el Cáucaso, gran parte de la actual Turquía oriental y Siria. Hacia el año 12 d. C. el Imperio romano impuso su total dominio sobre la región, después de años de enfrentamientos.

Historia
La fecha en la que pasó de ser denominado reino, a ser denominado imperio, puede considerarse a partir de la llegada de Tigranes II "el Grande" (95 a. C.-55 a. C.) de la dinastía Artáxida, que se autoproclamó rey de reyes tras vencer al Imperio parto y a los sirios, y ampliar los dominios del imperio hasta su máxima expansión. Con el objetivo de tener una capital en una posición más central en sus nuevos y extensos dominios que facilitara una administración más rápida, Tigranes fundó Tigranocerta, cuyo nombre deriva del propio nombre del emperador.

Aunque Tigranes logró conquistar y doblegar a la mayoría de los reinos circundantes, el expansionismo romano representaba el mayor peligro para Armenia. En 69 a. C., el general romano Lúculo derrotó en Tigranocerta al emperador Tigranes. Tras esto se sucedieron las derrotas en Artaxata y Nisibis. Aprovechando la crisis por la que atravesaba el Imperio armenio, el Imperio parto atacó las fronteras recuperando así el terreno perdido en anteriores derrotas. Tras esto el imperio pasó a ser un estado vasallo de Roma.

Cuando Julio César y Pompeyo declararon la guerra civil en Roma, el emperador parto Orodes II decidió olvidar las rencillas con Armenia y se alió con Artavasdes II, hijo de Tigranes. Juntos derrotaron a Craso y conquistaron las provincias romanas de Siria y Palestina en 40 a. C.

En el año 38 a. C. Marco Antonio recuperó estas provincias y derrocó al rey de Palestina impuesto por los armenios, Antígono, para colocar en el poder a Herodes.

Estados y territorios fundados en el siglo I a. C.
Estados y territorios desaparecidos en el siglo I
Estados de la Antigüedad en Asia
Armenio
Estados y territorios desaparecidos de Siria
Estados y territorios desaparecidos de Turquía
Historia antigua de Armenia

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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What Are Good Qualities In A Family Practice Doctor?
1 What qualities make a good family doctor?
2 What skills are needed to be a family medicine doctor?
3 What are the most important qualities of a good doctor?
4 What is a good family doctor?
6 What makes family medicine unique?
7 What is the responsibility of a family doctor?
8 What is the job of a family doctor?
9 What is the job description of a family doctor?
10 What is an ideal doctor?
11 What personality type are doctors?
12 What makes a good patient?
13 Is family medicine same as primary care?
14 What is the meaning of family doctor?
15 What do you want in a doctor?
What qualities make a good family doctor?
6 Habits of Highly Effective Family Doctors
Efficient patient scheduling. Timely access is rated by patients as one of the most important elements of primary care.
Maximize technology.
Work collaboratively with other providers.
Care for themselves, too.
Understand their patient base.
Remember why they became a doctor.
What skills are needed to be a family medicine doctor?
Definition of primary care physicians and characterization of clinical excellence
communication & interpersonal skills.
professionalism and humanism.
diagnostic acumen.
skillful negotiation of the healthcare system.
scholarly approach to clinical practice, and.
What are the most important qualities of a good doctor?
According to our research, the following 10 qualities make a good doctor:
Confident. Perhaps, more than any other quality, patients seemed to want to have a sense that their doctor knows what they're doing…and knows it.
Empathetic.
Skilled.
Knowledgeable.
Unbiased.
Lives and promotes a healthy lifestyle.
What is a good family doctor?
So what makes a good primary care physician? They like to converse with people. They enjoy getting to know details about a person – their ideals, goals, ambitions, cares, and sorrows. They are interested in learning from the patient rather than talking down to the patient.
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What makes family medicine unique?
Family medicine is a scientific discipline, separate from, but holding a legitimate position among, other medical disciplines. Its focus on the whole patient, its holistic perspective, its continuity of care, its family and community orientation, and its integrative methodology makes the field unique.
What is the responsibility of a family doctor?
Family physicians are expert at managing common complaints, recognizing important diseases, uncovering hidden conditions, and managing most acute and chronic illnesses. They emphasize health promotion and disease prevention.
What is the job of a family doctor?
Family physicians offer expert medical care to adults and kids. They evaluate, treat, and help prevent illnesses and injuries that regularly occur in the general population.
What is the job description of a family doctor?
Family doctors identify and treat diseases and injuries in a private practice clinic, community health centre, nursing home, or hospital. They also look for health risks, address health prevention (immunizations, treatments, etc.) and manage end-of-life issues.
What is an ideal doctor?
Confident: "The doctor's confidence gives me confidence." Empathetic: "The doctor tries to understand what I am feeling and experiencing, physically and emotionally, and communicates that understanding to me." Humane: "The doctor is caring, compassionate, and kind."
What personality type are doctors?
The most common personality types among the junior doctors were ESTJ (15.4%), INTP (12.8%), and ESFJ (10.3%), while among the attending physicians, the most common types were ISTJ (23.7%) and ESTJ (18.6%). Both junior doctors and attending physicians expressed personality preferences for sensing, thinking, and judging.
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What makes a good patient?
Characteristics of a good patient include obedience, patience, politeness, listening, enthusiasm for treatment, intelligence, physical cleanliness, honesty, gratitude and lifestyle adaptations (taking pills correctly and coming to the clinic when told).
Is family medicine same as primary care?
Because internal medicine doctors and family medicine doctors are both primary care doctors, it may be difficult to choose between them. They are both capable of diagnosing and treating many conditionsand both will guide you in preventing disease and detecting health problems early while they're still treatable.
What is the meaning of family doctor?
/ˌfæm. əl.i ˈdɑːk.tɚ/ ( UK also GP); ( US also family practitioner ) a doctor who provides general medical treatment for people who live in a particular area.
What do you want in a doctor?
7 Qualities the best doctors have in common
Good doctors are good communicators.
Good doctors are organized and conscientious.
Good doctors make patients feel cared for.
Good doctors are curious.
Good doctors work together to support patients.
Good doctors advocate for their patients.
Good doctors have great bedside manner.
Previous article Question: What Kind Of Doctor Is Family Medicine?
Next article Question: What Does An Office Visit To A Family Practice Doctor Cost?


Vintage Palace Escape is a daring new point and click palace escape game developed by Avm Games for an awesome escape attempt and overall daily fun!
You have journeyed far today, and at at last you have arrived at this palace with a lot of historic value in it. Well, after a long trip you had, you must postpone the study for tomorrow and bunker-in for the night. At some point however, you heard a noise outside which led you to try and check it out, as you try the door, you were baffled as to what you found out when you did. The door was jammed and could not be opened! Oh my, this can't be good! Find other ways to get out of this vintage house and do it as calmly as possible. Good luck!


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Roberson is a Scottish surname that originated with descendents of the ancient Pictish clans. This surname is derived from the given name Robert, which comes from the Old German words "hroth", which means fame, and "berht", which means bright. It later also became the Old French Rodbert and was introduced into England during the Norman Invasion of 1066. Roberson family history shows that this name is also found in Ireland and the United States, particularly in Wyoming. Roberson genealogy includes alternate spellings of Robson, Robeson, and Robyson. The Roberson family motto is "Justu esto et non metue," which means "Be just and fear not."


Another new track from the group's upcoming IV album.
Canadian jazz ensemble BADBADNOTGOOD is preparing to release their fourth studio album IV on July 8, and, today, the group shared their fourth single from the upcoming project. BBNG recruit Toronto-based singer and producer Charlotte Day Wilson for "In Your Eyes," a sultry jam that sounds catered to a smoky lounge setting. The new track was first played on BBC Radio 1 and was premiered in streaming form today via i-D. BBNG's IV album is due out July 8 via Innovative Leisure. Listen to "In Your Eyes" below.


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Boogeyman. Monster. Demon. Killer. Evil.
Jenkins left behind his loved ones and everything he's ever known to stalk through summer camps, abandoned hospitals, rundown schools, and isolated houses, hunting anyone foolish enough to visit these places, leaving behind sites of carnage, terror, death, and destruction. Sometimes, there are survivors. Always, there is blood.
And he does it to protect and preserve all of existence across the Multiverse.
But now he's the one being stalked and hunted, and life as we know it hangs in the balance unless he figures out a way to survive.
Early Praise!
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"In Standalone, Paul Michael Anderson goes for the throat on the first page and doesn't relent until the mind-blowing conclusion. This story pulses with intensity and imagination even as its characters unleash a hellstorm of bloodletting and mayhem. Highly recommended." – Jonathan Janz, author of The Raven, Children of the Dark, and The Dark Game.
"See these papercuts? I accrued them reading Anderson's Standalone. The pages turn with speed and brutality, propelling you into a cosmic, psychological slasher-fest that's both cinematic and deeply emotional. It will toy with your alliances, have you questioning villain from hero, and above all else, leave you cheering." – Aaron Dries, author of House of Sighs, The Fallen Boys, and A Place for Sinners.
"Paul Michael Anderson sends us on a gory rollercoaster ride through the subgenre we all think we know so well. Standalone is a clever marriage of horror nostalgia and the desire for a better future, trapped in the love a father has for the daughter he left behind." – James Sabata, author of Fat Camp and co-host of The Necronomi.Com.
Pre-order here!


For several months now I've been collecting good condition used sports shoes and kit on behalf of Boots2Africa. The people of Billericay and B.A.R.K. (Billericay Acts of Random Kindness) have been amazingly generous. Almost 300 pairs of sports shoes and lots of sports kit have been donated in the Billericay area.
Well now there's a new collection point at The Brentwood Centre thanks to the agreement of Brentwood Leisure Trust to allow the Boots2Africa collection bin to be located in the foyer.
Millions of children across Africa, have no shoes, for school, life and playing games. Disease, infections and snakebites kill thousands and injure and incapacitate many others every year. Many others struggle physically and needlessly because of illness caused from infections of the foot.
Thousands of children in the United Kingdom, Europe and other first world countries, discard their football boots at the end of each playing season. Most boots are adaptable to life in bush towns and urban settlements.
Boots2Africa collects, transports and distributes donated boots to Africa's children and young adults through relief organisations.
Please donate any outgrown good condition sports shoes (Boots Trainers Astros etc) in the collection bin at The Brentwood Centre, or in Billericay in the box outside 9 Burleigh Close CM12 0YG.


text:
The Sparsholt Affair by Alan Hollinghurst
Review by J. Daniel Elam — Published on June 11, 2018
The Sparsholt Affair by Alan Hollinghurst. Knopf. 452pp, $28.95.
"Almost everyone has an aunt, if you look into it," Freddie Green says to his friend and classmate Evert Dax at the beginning of Alan Hollinghurst's latest novel, The Sparsholt Affair. It is not clear that Freddie has an aunt, though she is the ostensible reason he leaves Oxford every few weekends.
Freddie Green's memoirs, unfinished, are the first section of The Sparsholt Affair, in which we first encounter, in the middle of World War II, an un-self-consciously beautiful David Sparsholt. Green and his friends, with varying levels of homoerotic force, find themselves drawn to Sparsholt. One of Freddie's friends convinces Sparsholt to sit for a nude sketch, with a repressed smudge left in place of Sparsholt's genitals.
The next section marks the beginning of a different sort of Sparsholt Affair, set in the 1960s. David Sparsholt's son, Johnny, yearns for Bastien, a visiting French exchange student. The two boys' summer adventures—Bastien in search of rare glimpses of breasts, Johnny in search of rare glimpses of Bastien's erections—lead them to a neighbor's house as David visits. The blinds close quickly. We discover in the next section that what Johnny and Bastien almost witnessed was later exposed as The Sparsholt Affair, a sex scandal involving David, his neighbor Clifford Haxby, and a Tory parliament member (the very public Affair takes place in 1966, one year before Britain decriminalized homosexuality).
The novel jumps once again, eventually to the present; it remains attached to Johnny, whose social awkwardness is not particularly matched by a rich interiority or imagination. Fortunately for the reader, he is always in the right place to hear gossip about the social milieu he has inherited—a collection of queer men and women who (in pace with British society) accept, first, the polite tolerance of the 1990s and, secondly, the expectations of bland queer domesticity of the 2000s.
What Freddie actually does on those weekends when he ostensibly visits his aunt in the middle of World War II—or what most of the characters in The Sparsholt Affair actually do—is left between the chapters. The titular affair (or at least its most public and scandalous iteration) occurs somewhere between the second and third sections, and Johnny seems to lack any desire to think or speak about it when his last name reveals his scandalous heritage. Instead, Hollinghurst forces us speculate what occurs in the breaks.
Perhaps, more accurately, he urges us to gossip—a fitting invitation for a novel where sex, scandal, success, and sensation never occur in the text. This is a far cry from Hollinghurst's previous novels, where he successfully managed to combine the close erotic thrill of voyeurism with the aesthetic distance of an art critic. His best works, The Line of Beauty and The Swimming Pool Library, revel in this erotic dreamscape, where even the vicissitudes of HIV, Margaret Thatcher, the end of the British Empire are somehow enfolded into gay desire.
Hollinghurst's interest in gossip—especially when it missteps and over-speculates—was the primary focus of the more recent The Stranger's Child, which followed a mediocre love poem between two men at the brink of World War I across the twentieth century. In that novel, the gossips were literary critics eager to read the poem in question as expressing heterosexual desire or homosexual desire, depending less on the poetry itself than on the changing social fads. In this sense, The Stranger's Child is a lure for readers of The Sparsholt Affair: gossip and speculate all you wish, and revel in what you will never know for sure.
Gossip, speculation, and longing—and the discomfort (and occasional pleasure) of perpetual doubt—are the grounds on which contemporary queer men and women have become used to constructing our genealogies. We possess historical facts enough to fantasize about our "great-grandparents": the evasive extravagance of Oscar Wilde; the repression with which E.M. Forster asks us to "only connect"; the ambiguity in Djuna Barnes's famous claim, "I am not a lesbian, I just loved Thelma"; or the half-missing archive of Emma Goldman's correspondence with women. The following generation of gay men was decimated by a plague, meaning that 30- to 50-year-old gay men will be the first generation to be both openly gay and alive. Even if it is easier now to imagine a queer family of brothers and sisters, it remains much more difficult to imagine a queer lineage. We long for a family tree that never quite appears in full: for queer mothers and fathers that could somehow supplement (or replace) the biological ones whose lives differ so greatly from our own. We construct these families through gossip and speculation, staring at chapter breaks and ellipses until they give us that aunt we might have had. Looking hard enough, we hope, we all might have that aunt.
In the place of hereditary inheritance, Hollinghurst suggests, we might trace our genealogies through poetry and painting, mining them for clues about a queer past whose objects of affection were left un-gendered or prudently smudged. We could thus recuperate a pockmarked queer genealogy from the collective losses of silence and death. The transmission of queerness from one generation to the next looks nothing like its biological counterpart: it clings instead to aunts we look hard enough for, and to all of those whispered-about relatives we never meet. Queerness is not hereditary; it forges its own makeshift generations alongside heterosexual reproduction.
Hollinghurst has always been good at accounting for the generation of men whose homosexuality was never spoken (although it may have been endlessly spoken about). This includes Cecil Valence and George Sawle at the brink of World War I in The Stranger's Child; Evert Dax and David Sparsholt in World War II in The Sparsholt Affair; and Lord Nantwich and Will Beckwith shortly before the AIDS crisis in The Swimming Pool Library. With the exception of The Line of Beauty, Hollinghurst has been more reticent to write about the generation lost to AIDS, the only biological transmission between gay men (but one that ends lives rather than produces them). It was this plague through which, presumably, characters like Johnny Sparsholt watched helplessly as their friends died around them.
The last section of The Sparsholt Affair, set in the 2010s, is told from the point of view of Johnny's daughter, and thus offers perhaps the most dismal outlook on the future of queerness. Has Johnny, now an openly gay man, been allowed to live the life that his father lived secretly? Or has the privilege of mainstream gay acceptance reordered the transmission of a queer way of life to more obviously heteronormative configurations? Fortunately, queerness is not hereditary. Though we owe them our persistence to live, the beneficiaries of our contemporary queerness cannot be known to us, even if they are our future nephews and nieces. They will not have to look so hard to discover us, but at a cost: the pleasure of speculation and doubt among the gaps and breaks.
Daniel Elam is an assistant professor of comparative literature at the University of Hong Kong and a Fellow in the Society for the Humanities at Cornell University. He is working on two books: one about revolutionary anticolonialism, and one about his great-uncle.
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So this has been happening to me for quite a while, but recently it started happening more often. Once in a while, when I make a quick turn, the car just shuts off. This morning, when I was coming to a red light, I put the car in neutral, let go of the gas pedal and the car just shuts off. Car shutting off at quick turns has happened many times, but shutting off when I let go of the gas pedal happened only today. Anybody knows why?
I don't want to assume, but are you driving a manual or auto?
is it the engine dying or the whole car? could be your fuel pump not sitting proper, then not getting any gas into it?
My idle is at 700 rpm. I drive a manual. When taking a turn, i usually push in the clutch or put it in neutral, then put it in second or third gear during or after the turn. And just the engine dies, everything else still has power. I might have to check the fuel system or do the compression test like you guys said.
Thanks for the replies. And I am having code p0420 by the way. Not sure if it has anything to do with this problem. Moreover, when I drive on the freeway, the car kind of hesitates. It feels like the clutch is slipping, but that is hardly possible because I just got it replaced a month ago. Any ideas?
Car is going to hesitate with a cel on. the ecu is in limp mode. This cel usually means you need a new catalytic converter (or if you are running after market exhaust components you need to trick the ecu.) Replacing the o2 sensors will NOT fix this cel. I had the same code after I installed my exhaust (i have 2.5in straight though test pipe resonator and muffler) To fix the issue I used the Weapon R CEL Eliminator (which is just a secondary o2 sensor relocation) and I have not had a CEL since.


Dell Driver Update Tool – Dell has one of many most effective to detect drivers in your system. It possesses a system analysis function which helps to understand the options of your particular driver then set an individual up to the auto detect facility to aid take advantage of the system better. The auto detect feature has helped Dell users, especially when you find yourself incapable of understand a certain function or install any software application.
One of the better parts regarding the Dell auto detect would be that the system analysis that is done on the Downloads page or perhaps the Drivers page will detect the Dell Computer's Service Tag automatically and show the machine configuration. However, There is an easier way to download or update your drivers for some products made by Dell. You can utilize Dell driver update tool which is called Dell System Software Utility.


text:
Q: CSS and jQuery current links navigation: how to update the
* class I have this jQuery code that retrieves external content using ajax, without refereshing the page, and I also have a navigation links that has the different background color when user is on the current page.
The jQuery code:
function loadPage(url)  //the function that loads pages via AJAX
{
    url=url.replace('#page','');    //strip the #page part of the hash and leave only the page number

    //$('#loading').css('visibility','visible');    //show the rotating gif animation
        $('.counter').html('');

    $.ajax({    //create an ajax request to load_page.php
        type: "POST",
        url: "load_page.php",
        data: 'page='+url,  //with the page number as a parameter
        dataType: "",   //expect html to be returned
        success: function(msg){

            if(parseInt(msg)!=0)    //if no errors
            {
                $('#change-container').html(msg);   //load the returned html into pageContet

            }
        }

    });
}

the html navigation code:

Home

Replies

Favorites

So basically when someone clicks on the replies link, I want the li class to change to current, to indicate that you are at that page.

A: Example: http://jsfiddle.net/4cs9h/
$('ul > li > a').click(function() {
    var $th = $(this).parent();
    if( !$th.hasClass('current') ) {
        $th.addClass('current')
               .siblings('.current').removeClass('current');
        loadPage(this.href);
    }
    return false;
});

The $th variable refers to the parent
 of the  that was clicked.
If the
 does not have the current class, the class will be added and will be removed from any siblings that have that class, and loadPage() will be called, sending the href attribute of the clicked .

With regard to your comment, yes it would be a good idea to target the specific
 with an ID.
$('#navigation > li > a').click(function() {...

HTML

Home

Replies

   ...

To use a hash value included in the page, you can pass it to the loadPage() function.
var hash = window.location.hash;

    if( !hash || hash === '#' )
        hash = "#page1";

loadPage( hash );

A: This will work for what you want, with limitations:
$('ul a').click(
    function(){
        $('.current').removeClass('current');
        $(this).addClass('current');

        return false;
    }
);

The problems are:

*

*No id for the parent ul, so this (presumably navigation) ul is no different from any other on the page,

*This means that if any link (a) within any ul is clicked that link will get the current class-name. This may be what you want, but I wouldn't recommend it, it's too easy to end up with unwanted behaviour.

Suggestion:
Give the parent ul an id (that way it's identified uniquely on the page), for example 'navigation', this allows the jQuery to become highly selective.
$('#navigation a').click(
  function() {
    $('.current','#navigation').removeClass('current');
    $(this).addClass('current');
    return false;
  }
);

This also partially addresses the concerns raised by @Alec in the comments, as the id provides a unique context in which to search for the .current element, preventing effects from being scattered around the page.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Q: OpenWeather api returing null values I am trying to fetch data from openweather api using retrofit2 and Gson but it always return the null value error.
I  tried to debug and the response returned is fine yet it returns null.
Here is my code..
POJO CLASSES was taken from here.
http://samples.openweathermap.org/data/2.5/weather?lat=35&lon=139&appid=b6907d289e10d714a6e88b30761fae22
How I am trying to fetch.
API interface
public interface Api {

    String api_key = "b6907d289e10d714a6e88b30761fae22";
    String BASE_URL= "http://api.openweathermap.org/data/2.5/";

   @GET("weather")
    Call<Weather> getWeather(@Query("lat") String latitude, @Query("lon") String longitude, @Query("appid") String api_key);

}

LoadWeather()
 public  void LoadWeather()

    {

        Retrofit retrofit = new Retrofit.Builder()
                .baseUrl(Api.BASE_URL)
                .addConverterFactory(GsonConverterFactory.create())
                .build();

        Api api = retrofit.create(Api.class);

        Call<Weather> weatherCall = api.getWeather("12.9716", "77.5946", api_key);
        weatherCall.enqueue(new Callback<Weather>() {
            @Override
            public void onResponse(Call<Weather> call, Response<Weather> response) {

                Weather weather = response.body();
                 String temp = weather.getList().get(0).getMain().getTemp().toString();
                Log.d(TAG,"onReponse :"+weather);

            }

            @Override
            public void onFailure(Call<Weather> call, Throwable t) {

            }

        });
    }

A: You are using the App Key 'b6907d289e10d714a6e88b30761fae22' which is used for
the examples (samples.openweathermap.org).
You have to subscribe to get your own API key.

A: Is it possible you forgot to include which API you want to use in the URL?
Maybe you need:
String BASE_URL= "http://api.openweathermap.org/data/2.5/weather?";


text:
Bloomberg Becomes Nanny-State Epitome For Some, Giving Obama A Breather
By Frank James
Published May 31, 2012 at 1:41 PM MDT
New York City Mayor Michael Bloomberg's proposed ban on large sugary drinks was so hard to swallow it caused some to call him a fascist, a word more often hurled at President Obama.
If nothing else, New York City Mayor Michael Bloomberg has apparently done President Obama a favor.
His Honor's proposed ban on the sale of supersized sugary fountain drinks in his city made the mayor, at least for some, the epitome of Big Government excess, a place many critics, particularly conservatives, typically reserve for the Obama.
Actually, some Bloomberg critics on social media did detect a nanny state axis between Bloomberg and Obama and warned that Bloomberg's proposal could be a vision of the future under Obama.
As far as they were concerned, first nanny staters came with their individual mandate in the health care law. Then came the Big Gulp ban. Could forcing people to eat broccoli be next?
The Weekly Standard's Mark Hemingway wrote:
"Is it possible for New York city Mayor Michael Bloomberg to be considered both a fascist and a national laughingstock?
"... Prediction: The first presidential candidate out of the gate condemning Bloomberg will probably reap a fair amount of positive media coverage, to say nothing of making inroads with voters. I didn't think anything would make Mountain Dew A.M. seem appetizing, but now it tastes like freedom."
Did you notice that? Typically, it's Obama who's labeled a fascist. But after his sugary drink announcement, it was Bloomberg's turn.
Frank James
Frank James joined NPR News in April 2009 to launch the blog, "The Two-Way," with co-blogger Mark Memmott.
See stories by Frank James


text:
Lyle Menendez Reveals New Details About the Night He Killed His Parents and Married Life in Prison
After decades of silence, the Menendez Brothers are back in the spotlight.
By Kate Storey
Following the media circus surrounding the Menendez brothers' murder trials (the first in 1993-1994 and the second, following a deadlocked jury, in 1995-1996), Erik and Lyle have remained silent. They were 18 and 21 years old when they shot their parents, Jose, a media executive, and Kitty, a socialite, in their Beverley Hills home in 1989. The case drew national attention as it aired on CourtTV, with details about their brothers' lavish spending—the prosecutor claimed they spent $1 million of their parents' money in the months after the crime. They were convicted in 1996 thanks in no small part to taped confessions that Eric had made to his psychologist.
Today, the brothers are serving their life sentences in separate prisons. In an epsiode of HLN series, "How It Really Happened with Hill Harper," which will air January 27, Lyle is speaking out, revealing new details about the night of the murders. Though the prosecution argued that the brothers killed their parents to get a hefty inheritance, Lyle maintains that he and Erik were abused by their father.
"He was a very successful media executive—there was no way he was going to go through a child molestation trial," Lyle says in a clip from the episode. He goes on to describe the night of the murder, saying, "We fired the instant we entered the room. Once you're in the place, you end up using every shell and firing way more than you need to. I think I would have kept firing until I didn't have anything left to fire."
Lyle Menendez speaks out behind bars about the night his parents were murdered. MORE: Watch Jan. 27, 9PM on @HLNTV https://t.co/rXKO5IfZzV
— Crime & Justice (@CrimeJusticeHLN) January 5, 2017
Lyle also talked to ABC for a separate special,"Truth and Lies: The Menendez Brothers," airing January 5. He told that network that his bond with his brother is still "really strong," though they haven't seen each other in years. And he described his happy marriage to Rebecca Sneed, whom he wed in 2003 after divorcing former model Anna Erickson in 1996. Erik married Tammi Menendez, a pen pal he corresponded with for years, in 1999.
Kate Storey Esquire Writer-at-Large Kate Storey is a Writer-at-Large for Esquire covering culture, politics, and style.
Sirhan Sirhan Is Denied Parole
Lyle Menendez Describes Killing His Parents
Lyle Menendez Speaks Out About His Parents' Murder
Stories Behind Royal Jewels Revealed
Ina Garten Has a New Cooking Show
Thomas Gilbert Jr. Was Sentenced to 30 to Life
Elizabeth McGovern Previews the Downton Abbey Film


PrintNinja's catalog printing services are an affordable choice for small businesses and startups. We offer great quality and professional service as well as low per-unit costs. Thousands of customers have been delighted with the way that we have handled printing projects in the past!
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Our success stories and excellent testimonials from catalog printing customers begin with our printing process. We are all offset, all the time. (Sometimes offset is called "four-color process.") Offset has long setup times but it produces excellent printed results. As more customer communication moves online, there's a temptation to use small-run digital presses to minimize printing run sizes, but it's potentially dangerous for your brand. Digital presses vary widely in quality. The best digital presses aren't far off the quality of offset, but the average digitally-printed piece is of noticeably lower quality than an offset piece. Too, the pricing for multi-page digitally-printed work becomes more expensive than offset as volumes go over 250-500 units. A little bit about us: our customer service team is based in Chicago. Our service team consists of professional account managers that are well-trained, experienced and easy to get along with. Our prepress artists are prepared to patiently explain to you (or your graphic artist) the process of getting your images ready for press. We hand-manage every print job from the time of first inquiry until the job is delivered to your final location. That level of involvement and commitment means short response times to questions and effective communication back and forth when should issues or questions arise.
We have an office in China, and it makes an enormous difference in the level of quality and service that we can provide. We've been printing there since 2009, so we've got a pretty good handle on it! The image above shows Daniel, our China office manager, inspecting the first sheets off of an offset press run in one of our factories – we put quality assurance staff in our printing factories so that all of our jobs come exactly the way that we expect and that you and your brand deserve.
All of this experience and infrastructure makes it easy for us to offer quality guarantees, and we're delighted that it results in strong references. Our testimonials and service ratings attest to the fact that our systems and people are good at helping deliver quality printing jobs to customers. If you are shopping for someone to handle your catalog printing project, you can click through onto our instant price calculators to get started today - samples and development resources are just a few clicks away.
High-quality printing, competitive pricing, and shipping department does the best job packing the printed material to insure they arrive in pristine condition. We'll be back!
Exceptional customer service and awesome printing. PrintNinja delivered partially to my hotel on time and the remaining to my office in CA. Great people, great quality.
Customer service is among the best I've ever seen. It was my first experience printing outside US and I was reluctant, but I recommend Print Ninja as a painless turn-key solution.


Ideology of the Mobutu regime that originated in the late 1960's and early 1970's in what was first the Democratic Republic of the Congo, later renamed Zaire.
Air Zaire was set up in 1961 under the name Air Congo by the Congolese government and SABENA. ... to Zaire and the national airline was renamed Air Zaire.
The zaïre was the unit of currency of the Democratic Republic of the Congo and then of the Republic of Zaïre from 1967 until 1997.
Mobutu, King of Zaire (orig. French title: Mobutu, roi du Zaïre) is a 1999 documentary film about Joseph-Désiré Mobutu, the former President of Zaire.
Zaire (now called the Democratic Republic of the Congo) competed at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona, Spain.


In a commentary piece appearing in New America Media author and political analyst Earl Ofari Hutchinson calls for President Obama to "add real body" to the big promises of former Presidents Bush and Clinton to "boost trade, business ties, aid dollars, and wage an aggressive battle against corruption and disease, and to promote democracy." The article notes, "African nations remain firmly locked in the grip of terrible poverty, disease, war and autocratic rule. The U.S. and wealthy nations can help lift that grip by massively increasing investment in African agriculture, transportation, manufacturing and technology; restructuring Africa's crushing debt; encouraging greater regional integration and cooperation; condemning African nations' disastrous military arms race; and, most important, challenging African nations to establish real democratic rule" (7/10).
Bono, the humanitarian and musician, says in a New York Times column, "Ghana's going about the business of rebranding a continent," pointing to the country's governing success, economic stability and "steady progress toward achieving the Millennium Development Goals… one of the few African nations that has a shot at getting there by 2015." While other G8 nations are falling short of their Africa pledges, the U.S. "is one of the countries on track to keep its promises, and Mr. Obama has already said he'll more than build on the impressive Bush legacy," Bono writes, adding that U.S. "aid dollars increasingly go to countries that use them and don't blow them. Ghana is one. There's a growing number of others." Obama has "the chance to lead others in building – from the bottom up – on the successes of recent efforts within Africa and to learn from the failures," says Bono (7/10).
In an opinion piece appearing in the Atlanta Journal-Constitution, Helene Gayle, president and CEO of CARE, a global poverty-fighting organization, commends the recent decision by the U.N. Human Rights Council to recognize maternal death as a human rights issue and the Obama administration's commitment to women and girls. "Protecting the health and saving the lives of childbearing women requires significant resources … an estimated global commitment of $39 billion over 10 years … to make significant progress," Gayle writes. "This is an investment in women, their families and the economic productivity of nations. It's a lot but the cost of not investing is far greater." She concludes, "Women need more champions. The U.S. can spearhead a comprehensive maternal health action plan and, by doing so, set an example for world leaders to join and invest in" (7/10).


text:
#!/usr/bin/env ruby

require 'rake'
require 'rake/tasklib'

module Rake

  # Create a documentation task that will generate the RDoc files for
  # a project.
  #
  # The RDocTask will create the following targets:
  #
  # [rdoc]
  #   Main task for this RDOC task.
  #
  # [:clobber_rdoc]
  #   Delete all the rdoc files.  This target is automatically
  #   added to the main clobber target.
  #
  # [:rerdoc]
  #   Rebuild the rdoc files from scratch, even if they are not out
  #   of date.
  #
  # Simple Example:
  #
  #   Rake::RDocTask.new do |rd|
  #     rd.main = "README.rdoc"
  #     rd.rdoc_files.include("README.rdoc", "lib/**/*.rb")
  #   end
  #
  # You may wish to give the task a different name, such as if you are
  # generating two sets of documentation.  For instance, if you want to have a
  # development set of documentation including private methods:
  #
  #   Rake::RDocTask.new(:rdoc_dev) do |rd|
  #     rd.main = "README.doc"
  #     rd.rdoc_files.include("README.rdoc", "lib/**/*.rb")
  #     rd.options << "--all"
  #   end
  #
  # The tasks would then be named :rdoc_dev, :clobber_rdoc_dev, and
  # :rerdoc_dev.
  #
  class RDocTask < TaskLib
    # Name of the main, top level task.  (default is :rdoc)
    attr_accessor :name

    # Name of directory to receive the html output files. (default is "html")
    attr_accessor :rdoc_dir

    # Title of RDoc documentation. (default is none)
    attr_accessor :title

    # Name of file to be used as the main, top level file of the
    # RDoc. (default is none)
    attr_accessor :main

    # Name of template to be used by rdoc. (default is 'html')
    attr_accessor :template

    # List of files to be included in the rdoc generation. (default is [])
    attr_accessor :rdoc_files

    # List of options to be passed rdoc.  (default is [])
    attr_accessor :options

    # Run the rdoc process as an external shell (default is false)
    attr_accessor :external

    # Create an RDoc task named rdoc.  Default task name is +rdoc+.
    def initialize(name=:rdoc)  # :yield: self
      @name = name
      @rdoc_files = Rake::FileList.new
      @rdoc_dir = 'html'
      @main = nil
      @title = nil
      @template = 'html'
      @external = false
      @options = []
      yield self if block_given?
      define
    end

    # Create the tasks defined by this task lib.
    def define
      if name.to_s != "rdoc"
        desc "Build the RDOC HTML Files"
      end

      desc "Build the #{name} HTML Files"
      task name

      desc "Force a rebuild of the RDOC files"
      task paste("re", name) => [paste("clobber_", name), name]

      desc "Remove rdoc products"
      task paste("clobber_", name) do
        rm_r rdoc_dir rescue nil
      end

      task :clobber => [paste("clobber_", name)]

      directory @rdoc_dir
      task name => [rdoc_target]
      file rdoc_target => @rdoc_files + [$rakefile] do
        rm_r @rdoc_dir rescue nil
        args = option_list + @rdoc_files
        if @external
          argstring = args.join(' ')
          sh %{ruby -Ivendor vender/rd #{argstring}}
        else
          require 'rdoc/rdoc'
          RDoc::RDoc.new.document(args)
        end
      end
      self
    end

    def option_list
      result = @options.dup
      result << "-o" << @rdoc_dir
      result << "--main" << quote(main) if main
      result << "--title" << quote(title) if title
      result << "-T" << quote(template) if template
      result
    end

    def quote(str)
      if @external
        "'#{str}'"
      else
        str
      end
    end

    def option_string
      option_list.join(' ')
    end

    private

    def rdoc_target
      "#{rdoc_dir}/index.html"
    end

  end
end

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Die Schlangenhaargurke (Trichosanthes cucumerina), auch Schlangengurke, Chinesische Gurke oder Schlangenkürbis genannt, ist eine in den Tropen und Subtropen verbreitet angebaute Nutzpflanze aus der Familie der Kürbisgewächse (Cucurbitaceae).

Nicht zu verwechseln ist die Schlangenhaargurke mit der Salatgurke (Cucumis sativus), deren längliche Sorten bisweilen auch als Schlangengurken bezeichnet werden.

Merkmale

Die Schlangenhaargurke bildet lange Lianen mit handförmig gelappten, dicht behaarten Blättern und verzweigten Ranken.

Die Blüten sind groß, weiß, ausgefranst, duftend und öffnen sich in der Nacht. Die männlichen Blüten stehen in Trauben, die weiblichen stehen einzeln, kommen jedoch an derselben Pflanze vor. Die Schlangengurke ist also monözisch. Die Früchte sind eiförmig spitz zulaufend bis lang schmal, schlangenähnlich gewunden, bis zu 150 cm lang und namensgebend für die Art. Unreife Früchte sind grün mit weißen Streifen und werden zur Reife orange bis rot. Im weißen, faserigen Fruchtfleisch sitzen braune Samen. Ältere Früchte werden bitter.

Die Chromosomenzahl ist 2n = 22 oder 44.

Verbreitung
Die Heimat der Art wird in Indien vermutet. Heute wird sie in den feuchten Subtropen und Tropen von Australasien, Lateinamerika und Afrika angebaut und ist dort auch verwildert.

Systematik

Die kultivierte Form, Trichosanthes cucumerina var. anguina , wurde früher vielfach als eigene Art Trichosanthes anguina  geführt. Sie ist jedoch mit der Wildform frei kreuzbar und genetisch kaum von ihr unterschieden.

Anbau und Nutzung
Die Schlangenhaargurke ist empfindlich gegen Bodentrockenheit. Sie wird deshalb meist zu Beginn der Regenzeit angebaut. Von Vorteil sind Temperaturen konstant über 25 °C und kurze Tageslängen. Die Lianen werden an Spalieren oder anderen Stützen befestigt. An die jungen Früchte werden manchmal am Blütenende Steine gehängt, um gerade Früchte zu erzielen. Die Früchte werden zwei bis drei Monate nach dem Anbau mit einer Länge von 30 bis 60 cm geerntet.

Genutzt werden junge, unreife Früchte, bevor sie bitter werden. Sie werden gekocht oder in Currys verwendet. Sprossspitzen und Blätter werden als Gemüse verwendet, Wurzeln und Samen als Medizin. Die Anwendungsbereiche umfassen Wurmbekämpfung, Diarrhö, Bronchitis und Fieber.

Literatur
 R. W. Robinson, D. S. Decker-Walters: Cucurbits. CAB International, Wallingford 1997, S. 109–110, ISBN 0-85199-133-5.

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Kürbisgewächse
Cucurbitaceae
Kletterpflanze
Nutzpflanze


If you are looking for a place to build on your basic Mandarin vocabulary - especially when it comes to learning romantic Mandarin phrases and love words, this is a great place to start.
Submit Content to the Site: If you know of any other romantic Mandarin words or phrases, please submit them to the site with this link. You may also submit content in other languages.
Everyone can learn romantic phrases in Mandarin with our romantic English to Mandarin dictionary! Scroll down for our full list of romantic Mandarin translations.
- May I kiss you goodnight?


text:
Mineo Higashi (né en 1938) est un écrivain japonais originaire d'Okinawa. Il reçoit le prix Akutagawa en 1971 pour son roman « Un garçon d'Okinawa » (Okinawa no shonen, 1971). La trame du roman se situe dans la ville de Koza (plus tard la ville d'Okinawa) dans les années 1950, où le principal protagoniste grandit au sein d'une famille dont l'occupation principale est d'arranger des rencontres entre les soldats américains et des filles d'Okinawa dans l'appartement familial.

Notes et références

Liens externes

Écrivain japonais du XXe siècle
Lauréat du prix Akutagawa
Naissance à Mindanao
Naissance en mai 1938


In the Lake Oswego Safeway yesterday on the way to the chiropractor (yes, doing better today, thanks!), and there's this sign at the Express Lane: "Approx 9 items or less."
WTO? It's hard enough to keep people from going through with thirty items; this vagary isn't going to help! I'd be okay with it if I could pay "approximately" the total due, but that champagne didn't pop (as they say in Lake O)!


How Is Your Immune System Affected By Stress??
This is our 2nd line of defense on the outside of our body, and our first line of defense on the inside of our body. When stress makes our adrenals overwork long enough then our immune system jumps in to lend a helping hand. The elevated cortisol will eventually cause problems with our immune system.
In order to get an infection three things are present: First a weakened immune system, second a suitable environment for the bugs to grow on and third exposure to a bug. These very small organisms grow in a swamp and not in the ocean. When our body is toxic on the inside, it is a great place for bugs to grow and flourish.
Our perfect blue print is equipped with a very methodical precise plan of action to deal with internal invasion in our body. Nothing in the way we respond to physical, chemical, emotional or electromagnetic insult happens by accident. When this programmed response is overwhelmed, things go wrong. With a confused and compromised response bad stuff happens quickly. Tissue healing is delayed, our garbage disposal system (detoxification) gets sluggish and we accumulate toxins. The lymph system is part garbage disposal and part immune system that also accumulates poisons. These changes are manifested and measurable in blood tests that show decreased levels of short term responder chemicals (IgA). The total effect of things gone wrong by too much cortisol gives us increased susceptibility to, and increased numbers of infections.
We typically see young patients who get an infection. They are prescribed antibiotics and no sooner are they over this infection, they get another infection someplace else. They have a sore throat, swollen tonsils and a strept infection. After the antibiotics they then get an ear infection. After more antibiotics then they get a sinus infection, more antibiotics. Then they get bronchitis and more antibiotics. This cycle continues because there is now delayed healing of tissues.
Can you believe that a doctor would give a steroid based drug to treat inflammation and infection without a second thought of what problems it will create? By the way, in order for an organ transplant to work the patient is given massive doses of steroid drugs to suppress the immune system so that our blue print to reject the foreign organ does not work. Simply and crudely, it's my kidney made specifically for me and me alone. Just because we have the same blood type, the same genetic markers, even the same mother and father, the inborn intelligence of your body knows that it's my kidney and has no business being inside of you. The precise action of your blueprint has been created to: REJECT A FOREIGN KIDNEY THAT IS NOT YOURS!
To every rule there is an exception. If you force-feed your body with massive amounts of steroids causing confusion and shutting off your immune system your body may accept my kidney. You also get the blessing of being capable of getting any and every infection that comes within a country mile of you.
Just stop and think here. If stuffing yourself with steroids causes your body to do stupid stuff automatically without you knowing, does it matter where the steroids come from?
Here is the ah ha moment! Cortisol is a steroid hormone that is produced in massive amounts when you are under stress. OUR REACTION TO STRESS PRODUCES THE EXACT SAME RESULT AS TAKING PRESCRIPTION STEROID DRUGS TO SUPPRESS YOUR IMMUNE SYSTEM - IT STOPS WORKING!
When you are stressed, you tend to take short, shallow breaths from your upper chest. This limits oxygen and increases stress. Deep breathing helps maximize the amount of available oxygen in your whole body, which sends a message to your brain to calm down and relax. Deep breathing is one of the most useful relaxation techniques that is relatively easy to learn and can be practiced anytime, anywhere.
✓ Sit or lie down in a comfortable position. Close your eyes.
✓ Place one hand over your breastbone and the other over your belly. As you take a deep breath in through your nose, allow your belly to push out. The hand on your chest should not move.
✓ Exhale through your pursed lips and let your belly to go in until all of the air has been blown out.
✓ Do not hold your breath at any point.
Practice this technique for 1- 10 minutes at least twice per day. Then use it any time you begin to feel tense, like when you are sitting in traffic, feeling overwhelmed, or dealing with a challenging situation.
We Offer Affordable, Short Term Care For Your Relief Of Stress Related Health Issues.


Sadly, our bodies are designed to put on weight and keep it. Our biological systems use the calories we eat as efficiently as possible and then store whatever is left over as glycogen or fat. While this was great when food resources were scarce, Western societies are blessed (or cursed) with a tremendous number of calorie-dense food options. Instead of struggling to add weight, almost all of us are struggling to maintain or lose weight.
Many people looking to lose weight turn to fad diets or quick solutions. While these can be tempting, they're not good for your body, nor will they give you long-term results. Our bodies use five biological processes to keep us wanting food. Understanding these processes makes it easier for us to understand why we gain weight, which in turn helps us learn how to achieve and maintain a healthy weight.
The first process is hunger. Humans are compelled to eat, psychologically and physically. This hunger system is driven by taste and smell, physical sensations in the stomach, and hormones circulating in the blood. We can use willpower and mental games to fight cravings, but the drive to eat is incredibly strong.
The second process is the fat processing system in the duodenum, the first part of the small intestine. From the body's perspective, a fatty meal is a huge success, since our ancestors had a difficult time finding and securing meals with fat in them.
When a person eats a fatty meal, the digestive tract's speed actually slows down. The body does this to extract as many calories from the food as possible. However, this also means that more calories can be absorbed by the body — calories you don't necessarily need.
The third process is the insulin and glucagon system, hormones secreted by the pancreas. After we eat, insulin is released so that glucose and other nutrients can be absorbed by cells. Calories that aren't directly used for energy are moved to fat cells or to the liver for storage. Large spikes in insulin levels essentially bathe all of the cells in too much glucose. That glucose is then transformed into fat (and you put on weight).
The fourth process involves long-acting hormones that set the level of our body weight. These hormones have names like leptin, peptide YY, and ghrelin. Even when we effectively diet and lose weight, these hormones can slowly affect the way we metabolize energy, causing weight gain. Obesity researchers call this process "The Fat Trap" and it can undermine long-term success in weight loss.
The fifth process is highly dependent on the types of bacteria in the gut, especially the colon or large intestine. The lining of the colon contains trillions of bacteria. These bacteria can help in digestion, do nothing, or can cause or prevent disease.
Depending on the type of bacteria present and what nutrients are available to them in the colon, their metabolic processes can produce additional calories that are absorbed by the body. These are additional calories beyond what your body had absorbed in the small intestine and, consequently, contribute to weight gain.
No single diet can combat all five of these powerful biological systems. However, Prebiotin Weight Management can help stem the effects of several. Prebiotin WM provides a sense of fullness without adding additional calories. This counteracts your feelings of hunger and the desire to eat food.
Prebiotin WM also reduces the intensity of insulin spikes in the blood. So instead of creating a large amount of useless glucose that is turned into fat, Prebiotin WM slows the rate at which cells absorb glucose, giving cells time to use it as energy.
Most importantly, Prebiotin WM feeds bacteria that prevent disease and produce fewer calories. The addition of Prebiotin WM to the diet supports bacteria that produce fewer calories, helping you to maintain or lose weight. Much healthier than a fad diet, right?


THE keyring, an indispensable tool for most people, is about to enter the world of big business.
Corporations large and small see the jingly-jangly chain, replete with barcoded cards, as adding up to a potential billions of pounds in trade.
It all started with Exxon Mobil in America, which invented Speedpass, a 3.75-centimetre-long plastic card dangling from a chain.
Motorists charged their petrol to a card of their choice by simply waving it in front of a pump. No card processing, no human contact, no fuss.
Close to five million people in the US signed up for Speed-pass and now the rest of the retailing world is climbing aboard.
At Giant Food in Washington DC, hundreds of thousands of customers have opted for a similar gadget to swipe at checkouts, cutting staff costs and waiting time.
Publication information: Article title: Smart Keyring Idea Unlocks a Fast Way to Pay. Contributors: Hall, Allan - Author. Newspaper title: The Evening Standard (London, England). Publication date: February 28, 2001. Page number: 41. © Solo Syndication Limited. COPYRIGHT 2001 Gale Group.


Theater Strahl is a place where many different people come together. We want to make theatre for – and with – all these different people. Our theatre-pedagogical-programme is for anyone who wants to get involved in theatre or would like to know more about the different dramatic forms of our plays and the issues they address.
From drama workshops to discussion groups based on a particular play to longer-term projects relating to a specific production (so-called Premierenklassen), we offer a range of activities for teachers and students of all age groups and from all school types. Using a variety of different techniques and formats we engage our audiences in a stimulating and meaningful exchange. The insights we gain from these workshops and discussions then feed back into our productions.
All our workshops and educational materials are in German.


text:
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About Griffith
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Contact university
Gold Coast Campus, Parklands Drive, SOUTHPORT,
Queensland, GOLD COAST, Australia, 4215
Griffith University is a public research institution that ranks in the top two per cent of universities worldwide. Offering a wide range of programmes at both undergraduate and postgraduate level, the institution is a highly ranked young university, placing 35th in the 2019 QS World University Rankings: Top 50 Under 50.
Holding a five-star rating for the overall educational experience that students receive (Good Universities Guide) the university is renowned for the quality of its teaching and research. Students have the opportunity to pursue a variety of disciplines including business and government, engineering, IT and aviation, and science and environment. Over 200 degrees can be undertaken with the added benefit of the close industry ties that the university boasts.
With a global profile for its programmes a number of the university subjects are placed in the top 300 by the ShanghaiRanking Global Ranking of Academic Subjects 2019. In addition, the institution has been acknowledged for the strength of its research, with the 2018 Excellence in Research for Australia highlighting that the university performed at world standard or above for 50 disciplines.
Students at Griffith enjoy a holistic experience with access to a wide variety of facilities, services and activities. Students can make use of learning spaces, join sports clubs, access laboratories and enjoy a great outdoor lifestyle at Griffith. Campuses are based in three of Australia's major cities namely Logan, Brisbane and Gold Coast. All offer students the opportunity to enjoy both natural beauty and city attractions. With over 40 years of educational expertise Griffith University has a track record of producing graduates of distinction, borne out by the university's 200,000 strong alumni in over 130 countries.
CRICOS: 00233E
Average tuition fees per year
Fees are for indicative purposes, check with institution for details
Costs per year
Campus accommodation
Griffith University's Institute for Glycomics will share an important US funded grant, which is awarded by the National Institute for Health (NIH). This grant is awarded for a research project for the duration of two years and will investigate the role Vibrio cholerae (V. cholerae) plays in triggering widespread cholera epidemics.
Professor Victoria Korolik, who is the grant recipient, as well as one among the Institute for Glycomics' research leaders, will be the project's co-investigator in partnership with the researchers from University of California, Santa Cruz.
"V. Cholerae's ability to cause infection and epidemics is tied to its dissemination and survival in aquatic habitats and its transmission to human hosts,'' said Professor Korolik. He added, "The pathogen's ability to form biofilms (where it collectively grows on different types of surfaces to form multi-cellular communities) is crucial for its survival in aquatic habitats between epidemics and is advantageous for host-to-host transmission during epidemics."
Architecture, Construction and Planning
Griffith's practice-led design studios and strong focus on sustainability form the degrees, giving them a richer learning experience.
Students may find opportunities in all levels of government departments or agencies, private enterprise and consultancy, among others.
Criminology and Law
The Griffith Law School is ranked in the top 100 globally. Students will benefit from industry-informed learning and gain valuable experience working on real cases and clients during studies.
These degrees prepare students for work by linking theory with practice, and give them the opportunity to develop their teaching skills in interesting and diverse locations.
Engineering, IT and Aviation
Griffith's engineering degrees span civil, electrical, environmental, mechanical and software engineering, with IT degrees across computer science, information systems and multimedia design. It also has Australia's most highly recognised Aviation programme.
Humanities, Languages and Social Science
Students will develop a deeper understanding of societies, cultures and people, and how to communicate effectively with them.
Medicine, Dentistry and Health
Griffith's students and researchers learn within world-class facilities, preparing to work in disciplines across a range of health professions.
Students will learn in state-of-the-art spaces from award-winning teachers dedicated to producing polished music professionals of the highest calibre.
Students will learn from award-winning teachers in modern labs and will also benefit from the ties with industry and gain valuable hands-on experience in the field.
Students can choose from design, fine art, photography, and digital media. Queensland College of Art also boasts Australia's largest film school, Griffith Film School, where they can study film and screen media production, animation and games design.
Careers and employment service
The university's careers and employment service helps students to plan their career, become job ready as well as find work, while they study and after they graduate. Students can get help with resumes, interview preparation, cover letters, as well as techniques for job search to improve their employability and increase their chances of finding their dream job.
The university's career development consultants help students to:
understand their career options
market themselves to prospective employers
find suitable employment while they pursue their studies
The team will show students how to start their professional networking as well as how to use social media in their job search. It also gives students the most recent information on recruitment practices, which includes employment as well as career options relating to their degrees.
The university's online support as well as resources will help students to write cover letters, professional resumes, and LinkedIn profiles which are suitable for Australian employers.
The standard English language entry requirements for students who wish to pursue their bachelor's, master's and research degrees at Griffith University include:
Internet-based (iBT) TOEFL: a score of 79, with no sub-score being less than 19
Pearson Test of English (Academic): an overall score of 58, with no score being less than 50
IELTS: a minimum score of 6.5, which includes no sub-score being less than 6.0.
The academic entry requirements for bachelor's degrees include the completion of secondary school which is comparable to the Australian Year 12 or an equivalent academic achievement. Some of the programs have specific prerequisites, higher entry requirements, or require students to submit portfolios, medical checks, or professional work experience.
Students who wish to pursue master's degrees must have a bachelor's degree or higher, or its equivalent from recognised universities. Students must meet the minimum Grade Point Average (GPA) as an entry requirement to pursue their education at Griffith. The university also recognises the knowledge which students would have gained through work experience, and prior study, for certain degrees.
The facilities offered at Griffith University include:
Lecture theatres
The university's modern lecture theatres are the most contemporary learning spaces which vary in size, starting from 50 all the way up to 700 seats.
Its sporting facilities include gyms, tennis courts, athletics tracks, pools, fields, and recreation halls.
The university offers a wide range of on-campus cafes and restaurants.
Griffith University has a network of libraries which offers individual as well as group study zones and academic training workshops.
Studio and labs
The university's labs as well as studios have been custom built for the students so that they can learn in an environment that is industry-relevant.
Griffith University's on-campus retail services provide convenience for all of its students.
Griffith University has common-use computer labs, printing and copying facilities on campus.
The university offers several scholarships to support the international students, including:
Griffith Remarkable Scholarship
This scholarship is for exceptional students who are applying for undergraduate and postgraduate degrees at Griffith University. The scholarship covers 50% of the tuition fees for the duration of their study.
International Student Excellence Scholarship – High School Leavers
This scholarship is offered to high-achieving high school students from overseas who are applying for bachelor's degrees at Griffith University. This scholarship covers 25% of the students' tuition fees for the entire duration of the programme.
International Student Excellence Scholarship – Postgraduate Coursework
High-achieving students who apply for postgraduate coursework studies at the university can apply for this scholarship which covers 25% of their tuition fees for the entire duration of the programme.
100% of reviewers recommend
Funding/Scholarships
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What do students say...
Masters in Architecture in Australia
Deepthi, Australia
The Univeristy in general is a very pleasant space and they give you the right amount of work load and they schedules are distributed evenly over the whole trimester... My education consultant Ashmeet from Delhi really helped me in understanding more about the university and also helped me with settling in and the vi
The Univeristy in general is a very pleasant space and they give you the right amount of work load and they schedules are distributed evenly over the whole trimester... My education consultant Ashmeet from Delhi really helped me in understanding more about the university and also helped me with settling in and the visa process which really helped me in focusing on my big move and not worry about the other things major things ....
The university is vast with so many options and a cafeteria to replenish yourself at every corner . Everything here around the uni is at student friendly rates and I got myself back into my fitness regime. There is enough time for work and fun here.
The architecture department is really more reality oriented and hands on when it comes to designing a space ... they have well equiped labs with laser cutter and 3d modelling equipments at your disposals.. The classrooms and labs are open all night long for your use and if your on a late night call designing in your studio and want to get back home after that but are a bit scared ... there is a security at every corner willing to help you get back safely to your home .
This has been a real woth while experience for me and I am still exploring and discovering myself and the new country too.. I hope i have helped in a way to clarify your thought but just wanted to put a good review for Hotcourses and Ashmeet for helping me with so much ease and making this big dream of mine become a reality with no hassle ...
Thank you 😄💛
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Griffith - Nature's School
Its really quite enjoyable and my degree is going to be really interesting as are the other degrees offered by this university.
The most important advice i would give would be to first come before the start of your first year and walk around and through the campus as it is quite large. Buildings are hidden amongst t
The most important advice i would give would be to first come before the start of your first year and walk around and through the campus as it is quite large. Buildings are hidden amongst trees and other places.
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6.5Postgraduate
79Undergraduate
79Postgraduate
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