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Saskia Sassen: A city comes with such a charge of meanings, of histories, that when one utters the word 'city' it's almost an invitation not to think. So when I'm working on the city, I need another language: I think of the city as a complex but incomplete system, and in that mix of complexity and incompleteness lies an astounding capacity for continuous reinvention – often successful although sometimes not. This also explains why cities can outlive all kinds of other, far more powerful systems that are centrally managed and led by monarchs and corporate CEOs. It's quite remarkable to think of all the kingdoms, multinationals, financial firms, republics that have fallen. Meanwhile there are cities, outliving all of those other structures and worming themselves into future histories. Somehow we know that a city like Liverpool, with its the extraordinary mixture of histories, will probably be around in a thousand years. Will the United Kingdom still be here, as it exists now? I'm not so sure.
When I think about an immediate future, there are two issues that can frame our propositions. One of them is a question: where is the frontier today? Of course, in our historic, imperial times the frontier was at the edge of the system, but now we're past that kind of edge. I have a tentative answer: I think that the key frontiers today are actually inside our cities. If the city is too neat, there is no frontier, but if the city is complex and incomplete then there is a frontier. And when I think about what a frontier space is, I imagine a zone where actors from different worlds have an encounter, an encounter for which there are no established rules; we do not and cannot know what that encounter would be like. So the frontier is variable: it has some very positive and attractive features and it has some very negative and brutal ones. That is historically how frontiers have been, and I see this in our big, not fully controllable, messy cities: São Paulo, New York, Mumbai and so on. And today very often that encounter is marked by socioeconomic struggles.
My second framing proposition for thinking about cities – today and in an immediate future – is the question of indeterminacy. It seems to me that more and more space, whether that space is rural (with large corporate farms), urban or digital, is over-determined. The city is the space where you can still actually find and experience indeterminacy. Indeterminacy is a variable. It contains the possibility of making, and I think especially of making by those who lack access to formal instruments for making, whether that's the making of a building, the making of an economy, the making of a politics, the making of a history, or beyond.
These three elements – complexity, indeterminacy and the frontier space – help us understand particular features, especially of making, in the current period. For instance, I think of the protest movements that we're seeing, the Occupy movements, as one acute, highly visible example to be explored. I think that Irit and I share the notion that these movements are really about recovery, the work of making citizenship. We, the comfortable middle-classes, have become consumers of our citizenship. These protest movements and their modest claims – this is not the heroic syndicalism of the miners in the early 1900s, for instance – represent an honest claim: 'Hey, I'm a citizen. I did x, y, z. I played it by the rules, and now the state is failing me.' I see in this a project that seeks to recover the condition of a solid, robust citizenship. This is an enormously valuable project, given the current period. Here, the city is critical in rendering these claimants visible, and allowing their claims to circulate in a vast global ideational space. This is one instance of the city as a space for making – making citizenship, claiming the rights that have been taken by states and powerful economic actors.
Ours is a period when in much of the world the economic nexus is no longer constituted via the importance of people as workers and consumers as it was in the Keynesian period: the ascendance of finance and its voracious financialising of everything means that people matter less and less: there are now other instruments that play a greater role in wealth-making than workers and consumers. This is a bit of a complex development, not easy to explain in a few words. I've developed it all in brutal detail in my new book Expulsions: Brutality and Complexity in the Global Economy.
In many ways, I think these protest movements are a point in a trajectory, and it's quite possible that this isn't the first nor the final point in that trajectory. There are older histories and genealogies of protest in some of these cases that then surface and become visible as specific, variable claims, from Cairo, New York and Barcelona to Istanbul and Rio. And I think this particular point in those longer trajectories is about making the social. What they got out of these protests is social capabilities. And that's why an Occupy movement is different from a demonstration. If you're occupying hour after hour, week after week, month after month, and even if it's just six months, you're actually working very hard, continuously, to keep the peace, to keep things going, to adapt to different temperatures, to engage very different people from the ones you're usually with, and so on. It's a collective capability that was developed, and that begins to constitute the more abstract project of making the social.1 Again, we in the middle classes consume the social; we don't know what the social means. I think that in our current period the social is one of the most elusive conditions, and a deeply unstable meaning.
Our city maps are top-down, those of an omniscient observer, but in reality that perspective doesn't exist; it doesn't represent the city as a lived space. The city is made up of many different points of entry and exit. Each neighbourhood is a distinctive point of entry into the city, and generates knowledge about the city that diverges from the knowledge of the centre and of other neighbourhoods. I have a fantasy that in a near future we could open-source the neighbourhoods, creating an open-access digital space where people can post their knowledge and insights online. 2 It could be organised by the government of the city – as long as it doesn't evolve into a surveillance space. It would begin to collect the knowledge of different neighbourhoods, of the homeless, of children, of older people, of the unemployed, of the super-employed, and it would give us an insight into the material spaces and practices that constitute 'the city', and I include here cultural elements of daily life in the neighbourhood. It would create a new kind of understanding and possibly a new space for making.
I think that one of the major threats we confront in our cities is the rapid growth of over-determined urban space; the privatising of space, the massive, centrally planned projects and mega complexes. All these are replacing what were once mixed settings, killing the particularities and quirks and old cultures of daily life that give a city some of its character. Could a digital space that open-sources the neighbourhood, gathers local knowledges and entices residents into active participation generate indeterminacy? I can imagine a partly sociocultural space that operates to some extent on the digital vector and on the knowledge vector, and in that process unsettles codified knowledge about the city. Could this feed indeterminacy? I think that's where cities are strong, that's where cities mobilise imaginations and making. It's in this mix of conditions and possibilities that indeterminacy becomes a force, feeding or making room for that condition that I described as the frontier in our current period – a space where actors form different worlds have an encounter for which there are no established rules. This both feeds into and depends on in determinacy.
Irit Rogoff: The path into a notion of future city that interests me is the one that considers new modes of occasional and partial inhabitation – presences that claim one thing and affect another, make a demand and enact a solution in another mode. In the wake of these partial, temporary and ephemeral inhabitations, certain fundamental assumptions about the relation between space and public get rewritten.
I come to this through different vectors – an interest in processes of spatialisiation, an interest in participation and an interest in what might possibly become a notion of 'public' after the demise of the classical public sphere. For Jürgen Habermas, who long dominated the understanding of a bourgeois public sphere, the eighteenth-century public realm had to do with private people coming together as a public to claim the public sphere that had been regulated from above. They stood against those very public authorities to engage them in a debate via the use of reason.
Fundamental to this ability to engage the more powerful in debate was both reason and an informed and critical body of knowledge, but it was always limited to the welfare of its rightful members. In the twenty-first century in Syntagma, Plaza Mayor, Tahrir, in Wall Street, Rothschild Boulevard, St Paul's Square, in São Paulo and Bahrain and Tunis, in Sans-Papiers rallies in Paris and Vienna, 'public' is no longer defined by the common welfare of its rightful members. The notions of common welfare and of rightful members are the very issues at stake in these gatherings, whether 'rightful' by its inclusion or exclusion from citizenship or legal inhabitation; whether rightful in terms of its economic enfranchisement through access to markets, or whether rightful in terms of having a share in shaping the terms and values by which they live and are governed. So beyond the demands that these gatherings posed to a regime or to an authority or a dominant belief, it is the very notion of 'rightful members' that is at stake in this revision of 'public'.
In recent years, as the crisis of citizenship and rights has deepened in Europe, Étienne Balibar has been developing an extremely interesting set of contentions, which I'm summarising very briefly and very schematically. One of these has to do with what he calls 'transnational citizenship', which divorces citizenship from a national franchise, and instead of thinking about a complete inclusion within a national identity, people acquire an equal amount of civic rights within a given constituency. This is similar to the arguments of numerous activists within the movements protesting the criminalisation of the status of the 'Sans-Papiers'.
A second contention rightly argues that we live among those who work, pay taxes, take part in communities and provide them with essential services, whose children go to school and play football in the street and sing in clubs and churches, and yet have no rights; that we live among 'citizens without citizenship'.
And finally Etienne Balibar argues in favour of what he calls a model of 'shared citizenship', or co-citizenship, which I think is one that is very valuable for this inhabitation of public space that I think we're both talking about, one that troubles the divisions between those with full rights and those without any rights. Instead, he proposes an ebb and flow as the diminishment and augmentation of rights takes place within given situations,an indeterminacy that moves back and forth on a kind of scale, that is not as solidly grounded as a juridical status.
In this situation we're yoked together, not through identity, belonging, nationality or standing, but by the act of sharing spaces and situations. The sharing of space and the erosion of status that bleed into one another.
In fact Balibar goes further and says that we owe a great debt to the Sans-Papiers, because, and I quote, 'They have recreated citizenship among us, insofar as it is not an institution nor a status but a collective practice.'
So the future city or the present city read through the prism of its unrest as its future promise, which is what I believe in, is the site of this new moment of collective practice. Its gatherings are characterised by what Giorgio Agamben has termed 'the coming community', one that's indifferent to a common property. This common property he describes as 'being red, being French, being Muslim' – being red (communist ideology), being French (national identity), being Muslim (faith and kinship). This community of singularities operates through the new relational mode of subjects, not through a shared essence (identity) or shared beliefs (ideology), or shared affinity (kinship) or a shared set of conditions. What it has in common is a being together in time and space – it's an ontological community.
I make these claims and observations in the footsteps of Jean-Luc Nancy's exceptionally interesting work in 'being singular plural', a body of thought that has done much to enable us to detach singularity from individuality, and the politics of autonomous selves, although Nancy's starting point is quite different from the one being rehearsed here. I think he comes out of a philosophical argument taking up twentieth-century philosophical discussion on being, ontology, through a modern interpretative process of what Plato had called the dialogue of the soul with itself. In his contribution to this on-going debate, Nancy breaks down the 'with' of 'with itself' to another less inward, more plural set of links. He does so in the name of a complex and very contemporary politics of what he calls the places, groups or authorities that constitute the theatre of bloody conflict among identities. And what follows in the book is a kind of litany of names that are internally fractured and incoherent – names of people who enact a kind of internal contradiction of un-belonging within themselves, such as Bosnia-Herzegovina, Chechnya, Rwanda, Bosnian Serbs, Tutsis, Hutus, Tamil Tigers, Casamance, ETA militia, Roma of Slovenia, Krajina Serbs, Chiapas, Islamic Jihad, Bangladesh, The Secret Army for the Liberation of Armenia, on and on. And then he says:
These days it is not always possible to say with any assurance whether these identities are intranational, infranational, or transnational; whether they are 'cultural,' 'religious,' 'ethnic,' or 'historical'; whether they are legitimate or not – not to mention the question about which law would provide such legitimation; whether they are real, mythical, or imaginary; whether they are independent or 'instrumentalized' by other groups who wield political, economic, and ideological power.
What Nancy proposes for the bringing together of this gathering of incoherent internally conflicted identities that enact nothing but an un-belonging to the space in which they are operating, is the breaking down of the word compassion – so not compassion as empathy, but compassion as the passion that operates between us. And he proposes a kind of shift from a gathering that's founded on the notion of having something in common with a gathering that's founded on the notion of what he calls 'being in common'. So the shift is from a having in common to a being in common, which I think is one of the ways in which one can think through the urban inhabitation of protest movement.
I recently read an interview with Saskia, who was asked whether the numerous and contiguous protest movements around the world were a manifestation of globalisation, in which everything circulates in an accelerated mode. She said that she thought that, rather, it was the work of citizenship, taking place simultaneously as the enormity of the global crisis of citizenship became apparent, consistent with a shift from subjects to stakeholders, those who have a stake in the modes by which they are governed, and whose gathering is a performance of stake-holding.
At Goldsmiths, where I teach, and which is situated in New Cross in London, some of our students and former students have formed a group called the New Cross Commoners. They reoccupy decommissioned libraries with reading and empty cafés with debate. They read poetry on the common and argue law at the council. They don't assume rightful membership, but produce it on a daily basis. And so the future city for me is the site of a being in common, in which a practice of shared citizenship is an active process, as is shared study and reading and poetry; as might be the shared space of the art gallery and the exhibition hall.
SS: Looking at the world beyond the scope of the city, we're currently living through a time when the institutionalised national level is decaying, like an old infrastructure. This disassembling is not visible, because the formal structures, language and laws are there. But there's a new condition taking shape, beneath the familiar alignments and their visible contradictions. I think of these as conceptually subterranean trends – subterranean not because they happen beneath the ground, but because we cannot see them. We lack the concepts. In other words, they cut across divides – China, Russia, economy, polity, rural, urban – but become visible only when dressed in the familiar clothes. We don't have the conceptual instruments to see that these localised presences are the recurrence in site after site across the world of some deeper trends that are marking a new configuration – and that can coexist with the old geopolitical world of the inter-state system. For me, in fact, the new world isn't, for instance, that one billion people are communicating on Facebook – partly because they're largely communicating among homogenous interest fragments – albeit hundreds of thousands of fragments. (I think under its current format and content and purpose, Facebook is a footnote in this story). These conceptually subterranean processes that interest me get filtered through the specifics of each place, and hence we merely see them as something happening in China, and thus it's easily coded as 'Chinese'; if it happens in Egypt it's Egyptian. But it's not that simple. Nor am I saying that these new trends are akin to a smooth space of connectivity. One of the tasks is to actually make those underlying trends that cut across the familiar boundaries, visible. Artists have their way of making visible elements that are maybe just emergent or vague, and we, of course, use conceptual language and theory to make them visible.
When I think of today's protest movements, I see many different genealogies of meaning and histories of protest. Each is specific. It doesn't make sense to flatten them into one kind of movement. But, at the same time, they're also all making visible some of these (conceptually) subterranean trends that get filtered through the specifics of each of these histories, yet are also underlying, cutting across these older histories. I think this juxtaposition of old and new, and global and specific, is part of our current condition. To some extent it remains insufficiently addressed, or under-studied, under-recognised. At such a juncture, cities are interesting spaces because they have the capacity to make visible this possibility of interpreting, this possibility of seeing a globally multi-sited but partial history that arises from many diverse local histories. This is one way of reading today's protest movements. They're making visible something that goes beyond the particular event – in Cairo, in New York, in Istanbul, in Rio – itself.
Then there's the question of public space. For me, the piazza, the traditional public space, has embedded codes, where people know how to conduct themselves. It's a space for ritualised practices that constitute 'publicness'. It's a very different space from the street, which I think of as marked by indeterminacy. I mean 'the street' in some sort of generic sense. Thus even if today's protest movements may happen in parks, they make it into an indeterminate space, and in that sense I think of this type of space as the global street.
Let me illustrate the notion of codes embedded in urban space. Think of any city, downtown at rush hour. In the rush, we accidentally kick each other, step on each other's feet. But we don't take it personally. If it happened in the neighbourhood, it would be a provocation. In this sense, then, downtown at rush hour is a space-time juncture with embedded codes that we've made collectively and hence recognise them. It's another version of what happens in the piazza – codes we need because otherwise there'd be disaster. But it is a variable – at some point it becomes unattractive. We've all experienced this in terribly well-run countries where everybody stands patiently if the light is red, even if there's no car in sight.
And then the third element: membership in its diverse formats, citizenship, the immigrant, the outsider. In research on immigrants and citizenship, the temporal dimension is critical. If you take a sufficiently long temporal frame, you can see that (along with the racisms, the hatreds and the tragedies), when the outsider succeeds in getting her claims recognised, she expands the formal rights of existing citizens. When we do the opposite, which we're doing today in trying to take away rights from immigrants, we're actually also damaging citizens. One of my hobbies is to count all the rights we're losing. In the last twenty years, we've lost many rights, and now what do we do?
IR: There is a tension, which I don't quite know what to do with, between the expansion of citizens' rights, which make one the rightful member, and Balibar's notion of co-citizenship. Because I think one negotiates a certain amount of loss for one's self as one shares. And so one of the things that really interests me in the way in which movements are making themselves visible across urban spaces and performing certain kinds of dynamics, is that on the one hand one should read it as empowerment, and on the other hand I also read it as that kind of negotiation of loss.
And so it's in the arena of the urban as the site of negotiation between empowerment and concomitant loss that you share your citizenship and you lose a certain amount of rights. And in the art world, in the classical old museum world, which is based on an enlightenment model of endless elasticity in which you can bring in everybody, accumulate more and more histories and stories within histories, minorities' histories, and all of that, there's never a sense of loss.
The classical museum archive or library is an institution of endless stretching and addition, and it's always been really important to me that the art world performs loss, that it recognises this as it brings in other perspectives and other histories. What's happening is an erosion of a kind of hegemonic position and that that needs to be performed within cultural institutions.
SS: This is such a great image and such a necessary feature of any collective effort or condition: the negotiation of loss. It's what finance never does: negotiate for loss! I like what you say – its ambiguity, a sort of downgrading of membership… and yet, when it's across groups, it's probably a necessity at times. Negotiating for loss with the state or the large corporations is a completely different matter. With other social groups it can get shaped as solidarity. It can never do that with the state or corporations.
That's why we need spaces of making. We have to make our citizenship, because we've become very thin subjects. One angle onto this thinness is the vast surveillance systems, more like data-gathering, that many of our governments have – the US is number one, but the UK, Germany, the Netherlands also have data-gathering systems. It invites the question 'Who are we, the citizens?' I totally agree with Irit, and I love the image that the loss has to be part of it. At the same time, I think that if we fight together, if diversities (of beliefs, needs, cultures, oppressions) fight for something that can be shared across those differences, we'll achieve rights that are of a different sort from those involving the state giving us rights. Among such rights there should be rights that don't mark us thickly ('the' citizen, 'the' immigrant, 'the' woman, etc), but that mark us thinly and in that thin marking we can hold on to all kinds of particularities. We don't have to be homogenised into some flattened subject that we call 'the' citizen.
IR: I agree with that, and I think it's an interesting notion – the notion of a thinned version of the robust and indelible rights that we've always attributed to citizenship, and that means a huge amount of adjustment on one's own part.
I wanted to add just one more thing related to visibility and determinacy. It has to do with the fact that within a notion of infrastructure, which is both determining and invisible, we find a set of contradictions. There's infrastructure, which has always been the main building block of systems of world governments, the colonial system, capitalism etc. There's a kind of neutrality, a seeming neutral efficiency that's just about delivery. But we also know that we inhabit infrastructure in completely divergent and unequal ways, not in terms of the infrastructures being unequal in terms of delivery to different neighbourhoods and so on, but our approach to it, the way in which we inhabit it, our ambivalence towards it, the way in which it's impossible to connect your subjectivity to infrastructure.
These are, I think, the kind of questions that operate between the terms that Saskia is putting forward, between indeterminacy and visibility. And it seems to me that one of the things that's emerging is a whole process by which another kind of negotiation is taking place, that's not about negotiation with the absolutely visible or graspable, and that's why the occupation of major public spaces is so important. It's not because it's televisual and it's a good photogenic moment. It's because it's negotiation with infrastructure: it's negotiation not just with empowered spaces, but with everything that makes them run. The cleaning operations in places like Tahrir after a movement, most of which are done by the protesters and not by the city, are an extraordinary performance of these negotiations.
1. Saskia Sassen. "Imminent Domain: Spaces of Occupation", Art Forum, January 2012.
2. See: http://www.forbes.com/sites/techonomy/2013/11/10/open-sourcing-the-neighborhood/
Saskia Sassen is the Robert S. Lynd Professor of Sociology and Co-Chair, The Committee on Global Thought, Columbia University. Her research and writing focuses on the social, economic and political dimensions of globalisation, resulting in numerous publications such as the award-winning Territory, Authority, Rights: From Medieval to Global Assemblages (Princeton University Press, 2006). Her forthcoming book is Expulsions: When Complexity Produces Elementary Brutalities (Harvard University Press, 2014). As well as serving on several editorial boards and advising international bodies, she is also the recipient of diverse awards and mentions, ranging from multiple doctor honoris causa to named lectures and being selected for various honours lists.
Irit Rogoff is a writer, curator and organiser working at the intersection of contemporary art, critical theory and emergent political manifestations. She is Professor of Visual Cultures at Goldsmiths College, London University, where she heads the PhD in Curatorial/Knowledge programme, the MA in Global Arts programme and the new Geo-Cultures Research Centre. Rogoff has written extensively on geography, globalisation and contemporary participatory practices in the expanded field of art.


Saturday, April 21st at 6:00p.m.
Tickets are on sale for this event, until Wednesday, April 18th. $15/ person with all proceeds going towards the Mexico Missions Team 2018.
Get your tickets on Sunday morning following the service, or during the week at the church office.
All proceeds go to our Mexico Team.


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March 22, 2011 10.47 am This story is over 129 months old
Dragons challenge local school pupils
New entrepreneurs: School pupils are being invited to take part in a future series of Dragon's Den.
Popular TV series Dragons' Den will be visiting Lincoln in order to find and inspire young entrepreneurs for new episodes.
The Dragons — Theo Paphittis, Peter Jones, Deborah Meaden, Duncan Bannatyne and new Dragon Hilary Devey — will set a business challenge for Year 10 pupils.
Pupils will then have to work as a team to produce a business idea by mid June, when they will face some of the country's biggest entrepreneurs in the Den.
Instead of finding out after their pitch like usual contestants, the pupils will have to wait until July 11 and watch a screening to find out if they passed.
They will then be given an award for the best idea and best pitch.
Executive Producer of Dragons' Den Sam Lewens said: "The Dragons' Den production team are all very excited at seeing what the next generation of entrepreneurs can produce, and helping them cope with the pressure of presenting to five of the UK's most successful business people."
Source: BBC | Photo: Beckii Cruel
Long-Established Florist Business For Sale
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SOLD S.T.C – Residential Development Opportunity
Update: Demmi has been found.
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Progress, people, progress. Progress is one of the many reasons I am constantly reversing any reason that might pop up in my head to call another city home. Progress is why the capital region is continuing to prosper, why our local cities and counties are finding their way onto lists of "best places to live", "wealthiest" and more. Progress is why those in the D/M/V might find their commutes more painful and their cars dusty from never ending construction, however, without progress, we would find ourselves in a state of regression. And that, my friends is nowhere we want to be.
The latest out of Old Town Alexandria (where historic meets progress) is the soon to be opened Waterfront Market. This is a concept by local catering/cafe proprietor Jody Manor (Bittersweet) and it is taking shape on the Alexandria Waterfront. With construction well underway, an the anticipated gourmet market will take full advantage of the city's ample views and setting along the Potomac. The Waterfront Market will cater to visitors and will also serve as a local gathering place for residents, with outdoor seating and grab-and-go meals.
The 4,000 square-foot market and café will be located at the newly minted 7 King Street address and will offer custom sandwiches, flatbreads, sushi, weekend brunch, and other quick service items. The retail market will sell gourmet grocery items, fresh produce, roasted chickens, salads, and side dishes as well as a comprehensive selection of craft beers and local and international wines. The café will seat 76 inside, 20 on the sidewalk on King Street and another 54 on a city-owned, waterfront boardwalk behind the building overlooking the marina. Rich Markus Architects were retained to design the interior layout of the new space and general contractor Patner Construction is managing the build out.
Through online surveys and social media outreach, Jody and his team have outlined a menus and retail product selections that will be up to par for the community and visitors alike. Expect the best of the best, fresh locally sourced and healthful flavorful items, all in a place beautiful, quaint, enjoyable and fun. Now that is progress.


Look at those Hot girl at music festival on Liz. I like mostly naked girls. Now in its tenth year running, Outside Lands continues its run with a diverse lineup in a convenient location, spread over three days. Now, I don't normally condone violence, but I won't tell anybody if you launch several PBR cans at the faces of the male counterparts of these girls following a successful steal and shotgun. Breakout acts like Portugal. It's hot, we wear less, and thus we gym often.
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DMB Circle Road Partners, LLP have requested the rezoning of a 2.28 gross acre parcel at 15450 N. Scottsdale Road from Intermediate Commercial with a Planned Community District (C-2 PCD) to Planned Unit Development. The parcel, "located in the Paradise Valley Village Core and Council District 2 in the City of Phoenix," is approximately 400 feet north of the NWC of Scottsdale Road and Kierland Boulevard with direct frontage onto Scottsdale Road.
La Maison Interiors, a 25KSF furniture store, currently sits at this location, but in its place there soon could be "a mixed-use building including…retail, hotel, and multifamily uses. The singular building will include a mixture of ground floor retail with the potential for hotel units and luxury condominiums on the upper floors." Currently, the design includes 26KSF of at-grade retail/commercial space with 140 residential units and 210 hotel rooms. However, without hotel development, the proposed residential units go up to 272.
The project was brought before the Paradise Valley Village Planning Committee for discussion only on April 2. The next Paradise Valley Village Planning Committee meeting is scheduled for May 7. The City Council meeting that follows is scheduled for May 16.
NOTE: Paid subscribers receive additional project details in our twice-weekly PDF publication, including project stakeholder information and valuable project bidding leads. Find out more about AZBEX subscriptions or contact Rebekah Morris at rmorris@azbex.com or (480) 709-4190.


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Spirit is a term used in most religions but in the Christian tradition, a Holy Spirit evokes the mystery of the Holy Trinity, God the Father, God the Son and God the Holy Spirit. Spiritual gifts rendered by the Holy Spirit sanctify our soul through grace and infusing virtue in our lives which positively influences others. The Holy Spirit is invoked at Confirmation, through an anointing with chrism, to safeguard or seal the graces received in Baptism. The dove embodying the Holy Spirit is an emblem of purity and gentleness.
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St. Christopher (died c. 250), an early Roman martyr and legendary saint, described as extremely tall and strong, sought vainly to serve a king worthy of his strength. Serving first a king frightened by the devil, he abandoned the king for the more powerful devil. After a short time with the devil, he observed the devil's fear of the symbolic cross and concluded Jesus' supremacy over the devil. He launched a fearless quest to find the most powerful Jesus uniquely worthy of his service.
Advised by a hermit to pray or fast, as a way to seek Jesus, St. Christopher struggled with how to pray and abstain from food. As an alternative, he volunteered to carry travelers across a tempestuous river where many drowned. One day, when resting by the river, he heard a child's voice call out "Christopher, come out and carry me across." Grabbing his staff, he lifted the child to his shoulders and began to traverse the rough river. With each step, the child weighed heavier and currents resisted his stride. In deep waves, Christopher grew afraid that he would lose his step and they would both drown. Exhausted, bewildered and breathless he requested the child's identity. Today, we honor the popular "Christ-bearer", St. Christopher, with three Brother Wolf virtue medallions, featuring the images of St. Christopher with staff carrying the Christ Child on his shoulders inspiring both protection and Godspeed in all of our journeys."
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Mary, as the mother of God, specifically, Jesus, holds a highly venerated position in Faith. Her purity as symbolized in the absence of original sin elevates her importance in salvation and the angel Gabriel in the bible, addresses her as "Hail, full of grace". Mary's other title as Queen, as Jesus is referred to as King, implies she is our spiritual mother, nurturing our spiritual life of grace throughout our lifetime. Her role in the miracles of Christ's life is well documented in the Bible and the many events of her life are celebrated as miracles as well. We honor her Grace with a unique French vintage nouveau interpretation while celebrating mothers.
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The "all-seeing eye", a universal symbol, represents spiritual sight, inner vision, higher knowledge and insight. In Medieval and Renaissance European iconography, the Eye enclosed in a triangle served as an image explicit image of the Holy Trinity. Sometimes referred as the Eye of Providence, reminding us of the divine guiding all action.
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St. James was one of the twelve apostles and brother of St. John the Apostle, perhaps related to Jesus. He was one of the three first Apostles to follow Christ and also was the first apostle martyred, by sword, one of his symbols. He was called the Greater, to distinguish him from the other St. James of lesser stature. St. James, the Apostle, is the patron saint of Spain where he preached the early gospel and is buried In Santiago de Compostela. The Road to Santiago attracts pilgrims worldwide annually trekking by foot, horseback and bicycle, second only to Rome and Jerusalem, as a pilgrimage destination. Many pilgrims wear the scallop as a symbol of St. James, the Apostle, mirroring his spiritual journey as a fisherman, with the grooved lines of the scallop representing the many sacred paths to return to the center. The Virgin Mary appeared to him while he was in Northeast Spain and gave him a small wooden statue of herself and a Pillar. She asked that he build a chapel at the site of her appearance and now stands the the chapel of Our Lady of the Pillar in Zaragoza Spain. St. James, beloved throughout the world, is a celebrated apostle.
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This beautifully unique cross contains the Latin phrase "Christo Confixus Sum Cruci" which means "I Have Been Crucified".
In the middle of this piece is a Christogram, which is a combination of Latin letters to make up the abbreviation for Jesus Christ.
The "M" at the bottom is in reference to the Blessed Mother, Mary.
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USA Athlete Quotes - Olympics, Day 7
Athlete Quotes - Olympics, Day 7
EVENING SESSION
Women's 400m hurdles final
Delilah Muhammad
On her emotions...
"I was just happy it was over and relieved to come out with a win. I'm so thankful. I didn't know Ashley had got third at the time. That she made it too and became an Olympic medalist, I'm so proud of her and of myself. We're making history out here and I'm just so happy to be a member of that legacy.
"I felt really good. I wanted to get out like I normally do and stick to my race plan that I've been working on all year. I had little hiccups in the race, but you have little hiccups in every race, and no race is perfect. I just worked as hard as I could possibly work off the last hurdle."
On Kerron Clement's gold medal earlier in the day...
"I was so happy for him. I was more happy for him than for myself."
Ashley Spencer
"I'm really happy. Once again, I had so many mistakes. I ended up on my right leg after hurdle three and could just not get away from the hurdle. I hurdled with the wrong leg the entire way. It's aggravating. But this is my first year of hurdling full time and I have a lot to learn. So next year I should be able to clean it up and have some more clean races.
On the women's 100 hurdles and U.S. women's hurdle excellence...
"I'm so blessed to be a part of that. We are a talented group of people, and we support each other and uplift each other. Just to be a part of that at a young age, and me just starting my professional career is just a blessing and an honor.
On Team USA's medal momentum...
"I honestly think what started all of this is Michelle Carter. I look up to her so much and she brought home the gold, and she just really catapulted the whole attitude of Team USA and we just built off that momentum. I mirror myself to be a woman like she is. I thank her for winning the momentum and for everybody for keeping it going."
Men's 200m final
LaShawn Merritt
"Coming down the home stretch, I didn't have as much as I thought I had in reserve, but I'm feeling healthy, that's what it's about. Now I have to get ready for the 4x400."
On his start and finish...
"I knew from the start that I am not the best starter. I'm going against 100 meter starters, 60 meter starters. So I knew they were going to get out. I wanted to close good, but coming down the home stretch I didn't have as much pop in my legs as I thought that I had. But I feel good."
"I've been around a lot of races. My plan going in was to give it all that I had and that's what I had and I will deal with the results. Everything is cool with me, now I will focus on the 4x400m."
On Usain Bolt doubling in the 100m and 200m...
"He's great at what he does. I don't feel like the race was crazy fast. But he won the race, the plan was to get on the podium and he won the race."
Men's decathlon final
Ashton Eaton
"I'm glad that this wasn't just an easy walkthrough. I guess the decathlon is never just an easy walk through, but Kevin Mayer was there to push me to the test and I think I passed the test. I'm glad he was there to do that."
On repeating as the decathlon gold medalist...
"I'm just happy to be a part of the family, the decathlon family. Regardless of the records and to be a two-time medalist is great, but it's just greatest to be a decathlon."
On coach Harry Marra...
"Harry is the greatest of all time. He has put his heart and soul into this four 40 years, and to do this for him was big for me. I think that showed in my throwing. My throwing is what kept me in this competition. Every time I was out there in the rain or on the tarp, I was thinking, 'this one's for you.'"
On the differences between the 2012 and 2016 Olympics...
"The second time around, so far I would say it feels like the same. I would say the leadup [to the Olympics] was quite a bit more difficult over the last four years."
On what's next...
"I'm not quite sure what's next. I will say that it has been a pleasure to do everything that I have done up until this point. As for anything after, I can't say."
On wife Brianne Thiesen-Eaton...
"Brianne [Thiesen-Eaton] walked into Harry's office four years ago and said that I'm not doing this to get 10th or 11th anymore. So for her journey to start there to say I want to be on the podium and realize that four years later was unbelieveable. I'm glad that I got to watch every second of it and she's a massive inspiration for me. For us to have done this together, I can't put it into words."
"I wasn't nervous, I was willing to run myself into the hospital if I had to. I remember I was taking a cold shower after the javelin and I was thinking, 'yea I would do it, I'd run into that."
"Afater the first javelin throw, I was like, 'that's not good, you're going to have to do better than that.' But after the second javelin throw I was like, 'that's a little better, but you're not doing yourself any favors here Ashton.' And after the third throw, I was like, 'Ok, that is within reason to where I can push myself to where I would have to push myself in order to win."
"Absolutely. Not as much as I did during the pole vault though, on my third attempt at 4.90m, that was the moment that I thought, 'alright, your whole life was about getting ready for this, what are you going to do?' So that was a good test."
"I went to bed at 12, and I woke up at 6, so I did."
"Eventually, I think so. We won't be around. And our grandkids won't be around, and their grandkids won't be around but I think eventually."
Jeremy Taiwo
"I don't know if I was overly excited for this meet or not. I was thrilled to be here and do that, I didn't sleep the night before and the night in-between. So to come out here and finish and with an ok score, I surprised myself. I know that practice isn't always perfect coming into big meets, and there's a lot of pressure and expectations pretty much throughout my life and from all of the people that I have been around. I am proud of myself to have gotten here and finished a championship decathlon, and to be 11th in the world in this event is just awesome. I know a lot of things could have gone better, probably for a lot of people, and I didn't have one of those outstanding days with a lot of PB's and stuff, but once again I'm happy about that."
On his lack of sleep...
"I have no idea. I got an AirBnB that was close so I wasn't caught up taking time for transportation and stuff like that. Not that it's bad or anything, I thought that I would kind of out-smart it because in previous championships it's just tough to get back, get treatment and go to sleep. I don't know, I was on a soft mattress, hard mattress, I was going between the two and I don't know. You're always also worried about, 'Ok I'll probably have to wake up at 6, so that means that I will be able to get sleep for the next six hours. I better be able to wake up on time so I'm not late to get to where I need to be."
On Ashton Eaton being a role model...
"We overlapped in college when I was at the University of Washington and he was at the University of Oregon, so to see his potential climb and climb and climb... I've always known he would be able to set Olympic records and World records, so just to see him still maintain such great character and how he handles all of the pressure. I know me being in 11th place and being the new generation of Olympians, I know the pressure growing up, but to see what he has done and how he handles himself when things that don't go that well in the meet itself or if you have a lot of expectations. Like, 'you need to break this Olympic record, you have everything else. This is the time to cap it off.' Just to see how he handles himself is amazing, and he's still just a wonderful, kind, humble guy. You watch him compete and he's always rooting for everyone else."
"Just to see a person of that character be at that high of a level of performance and be the the best athlete of all time is awesome. You get to see top celebrities, and basketball players and football players in not great social circumstances, but he's never been one of those and he's always been a role model off of the track."
On whether competitors believe they can beat Ashton Eaton coming into the Olympics...
"I've seen that in a lot of competitors minds, going into a decathlon or heptathlon, one where Ashton is present. For me personally, I always go in and I don't know if I got this from my father, but I'm going in to break the world record. So that's where my ceiling is right now, and it's the standard that I am competing against. It's more personal and inwards, and everything else outside of that, they're going to do what they're going to do. I'm going to be happy for them for when they do achieve their bests. It's hard to do in the decathlon, you don't know if you're working your strengths or weaknesses the amount of time that they should be worked. Personally, I love when people always want to do the best of their abilities, but also when they think they're the best of all time. So that's how you have to think no matter what your endeavor is. Become good at something, become great at it, and master it. Anyone else that's vying for that they're going to do all their best, but really it's up to you."
Zach Ziemek
"I was just trying to feel my legs again. I was hurting after that. But to see the scoreboard, I came in 7th, very close to my personal best it was awesome."
On the Olympic experience...
"It was great. To come into the Olympic Village and have the United States treated so well, and being at the games here, competing with Ashton [Eaton] and Jeremy [Taiwo]. Ashton won gold, it was just a huge experience and hopefully I can learn from that."
On the words exchanged with Ashton Eaton...
"I said, 'congrats Ashton, I love you and you have been a role model to me every since I started.' He just said thank you so much, and we just hugged."
On his sights for the next Olympics...
"I have my eyes focused on the world Championships next year, and the US Trials. So I'm going to take a little rest and then get back at it in a couple of months."
On contesting for gold at the 2020 Olympics...
"I am going to put all of my efforts into that, yes."
On his training schedule coming up...
"I am going to train in Madison, and be the volunteer coach with the Badgers."
On his plans in Rio...
"My family is here, my sister and my girlfriend and my friends are here. So it will be nice to be able to hang out with them for a while when the closing ceremony is up on the 21st."
On the difficulty of the decathlon...
"I've played basketball, baseball, all of those sports my entire life, but this is the hardest mentally and physically."
Men's shot put final
Ryan Crouser, gold medalist
"The atmosphere on the field was phenomenal, it was electric and once I got in the ring everything was really coming together. It's been a long road, and to get here and have everything to go essentially perfectly, words can't describe how I feel right now."
On the success running in the family...
"I do, my dad was an alternate on the 1984 Olympic team, my uncle was in 1988 and 1992, and my cousin Sam [Crouser] is my roommate down here, so it's definitely a family affair and they were all standing in the stands behind the shot put and were all wearing team Crouser uniforms. It was pretty cool to be able to do that in the Olympics."
On preparing for the Olympics...
"It's been a great preparation. I came down here early, some guys decided to come in late. I came in early and did opening ceremonies. This was my first Olympics so I wanted the full Olympic experience. It worked out well and practice couldn't have gone any better. The USATF and USOC has been doing a great job giving us the opportunity to train not only in the US but also down here so I owe a lot to them."
On throwing early in the series...
"I like being early in the series, I was the first thrower up. The first one was kind of nerves, just get one out there, and the second throw I had a mark that qualify for the finals and I just got after it. From then on the whole series was special."
On fellow Texas Longhorn Michelle Carter's success...
"Definitely a first for the [Texas] Longhorns to come out and win two Olympic golds and two Olympic records. It's really something special, and if you had wrote it out as a script I wouldn't have believed it. So I've seen Michelle [Carter] around, and she was a little bit before my time when I was on the college team , but I've definitely seen her around and she's another great thrower and fellow Longhorn."
Joe Kovacs, silver medalist
"You're never happy to get second. It's a bittersweet feeling, but it's setting in on this walk down that I'm still bringing a silver medal to the US, and the gold is coming to Ryan [Crouser]. Ryan had some great throws today and I have to congratulate him on that. He put it together, and I know I had that bigger throw in me. It didn't come out today, but we will be back here."
On Ryan Crouser's performance for the gold...
"Maybe for you guys it's a surprise, but he's been training at Chula Vista [the US Olympic Training Center] the past couple of months, where I train. He's been training really well, so I wasn't surprised by it. I thought I could kind of jump him with my experience, but he kind of pulled off a great series. So I have to take my hat off to him."
"I think he came in here and executed his plan. I've been seeing him train this whole time and he has been very methodical in his training. He has form, he has always been a good thrower since high school. What he did in high school, I'm barely 6-foot, Im 5'11" and he's been having these long levers and these long throws. He broke the national high school record. So it's not like he was a suprise by any means, and his resume before this was even better. But a lot of people counted him out, but I got to see him train everyday. I thought he just executed perfectly. His dad was working with him, his dad is his coach and i think he did a great job today."
On continuing the strong American tradition in the shot put...
"Absolutely. It feels good. We always talk that we go to all of these Diamond League meets and we say we have the top 6 and top 10 in the world but sometimes we have to show it, and we showed it today. I don't think Darrell Hill, who just missed the qualifier this morning, it's just experience, because he could be on that podium too. The depth in the US shotput is strong, and we will definitely be back."
On being coached by his mother growing up...
"I started in high school with throwing without a toeboard, I started throwing in the parking lot rather than the shot put [circle]. It was just a way to stay in shape for American football. So I was able to look into the stands at her, she was my first coach, she was the one that just told me to put my elbow up and push the ball flat. And she's in the stands next to my current coach Art Venegas, who has brought me to this point. Its an awesome moment that we can share together."
"She knew a little bit about it, because she coached basketball and field hockey and knew a little bit about the shot put. She really just had to grow with me. We found a good club coach in Glenn Thompson who kind of taught us the rotation. So she would go with me to practices on Sunday, listen to everything and the whole week I would do whatever she said, and I'd keep listening."
On remembering his father and the support from his family...
"I definitely remember my dad, and everyone in my family who has passed before. Going into a competition like this, I had 14 family members here, so you take a breath and you see all of the support. I'm not going to say it's hard to stay in the zone, but shot put is an emotional sport, you can't be happy with throwing the ball. You gotta be in the zone, you have to be intense, but you have to keep a soft spot when you see your family and all of the support. It's an amazing feeling and I wouldn't trade it for anything."
On learning to throw without supplies...
"We didn't have much, we had broken dumbbells. We were a very small catholic school, so we didn't have any toeboard, we didn't have any track, whatever kind of looked like a ball and we know was heavy, that's what we started with. Eventually, it turned into a shot put or a discus, but once the discus started skipping through the road we had to start sneaking to other schools."
On contesting one his fouled throw...
"I know it was close, I clipped the heel. I think I saw the video and I probably fouled. It was 22.35 they said. So it wouldn't have stood up to Ryan's best throw, but I think it would have shook him up a bit. Any throw that's close like that, you have to try to get it. This is the Olympics so any edge you can get you have to take.
On what he saw from Ryan while training in Chula Vista...
"I saw consistency. To me I like seeing big Sam throws. I'm a smaller guy, so when I watch him throw, he's got these long levers so it looks slow and pretty to me. And i'm just over there wired really quick and going the same distance, so I knew he was set up because his positions were on. I got to see that for the past couple of months."
Men's 1,500m semi-final
Matt Centrowitz
"It was good, pretty controlled for the most part. Happy to stay out of trouble really. Throughout these Olympic Games I've just been seeing a lot of tripping and falling and petitioning and all that stuff, and at the Trials as well, so definitely puts it in the back of your head making sure to stay on both feet so none of that happens to you.
On how he feels going into finals...
I'm feeling a little better every round, it's how I like to go into these championships just feeling it out. I always save my best race to last."
Robby Andrews
"I stayed in when I should have went out and I qualified out. I asked if there was a flag and they said that there wasn't. I got a little cut up, and I need to get cleaned up. But I'm feeling good."
On being bumped off the course of the track...
"I would have tripped him if I tried to go outside, and I just stayed inside and he bumped me off of the track. I don't think it will be any issue."
On his condition during the race...
"I felt good, I should have stayed outside with 200 to go. I was running wide the whole race, and it's a stupid mistake. But I felt great and I closed well."
Ben Blankenship
"I kind of executed my plan, and I just wanted to stay patient as long as I could and be in control of my body and just kind of wind it up and it went well. It worked."
"Somebody kept clipping on my heals, and I thought, 'Ok I just have to stay in front.' It would be hard for everyone to go wide. I saw Asbel Kiprop there and I thought if I could just hold on with him we would get through."
"He moved outside, and it was just an open lane right there, might as well take it."
On whether he accelerated when Kiprop went wide...
"Yea I just thought that this is it. If I let it close back up it will be over."
On the jostling on the last lap…
"Yea somebody kept running up, I mean if you put 13 people jogging in a race what are you going to do."
On the effort in the semi-final round...
"I love to go out and hurt. Anytime I can get a good hurt effort in I feel pretty good. So coming into it I should be alright."
On his focus going into the race...
"I just wanted to make sure that I did everything that I could and not worry about anybody else. Today it worked."
On being in the front of the pack...
"I'm a strong guy, so leading, I've never really feared for being in the front."
On his goals for the final...
"To have fun. Everything else has been really stressful. So hopefully coming into the final I can have some fun."
Women's 800m semi-final
Ajee Wilson
"I got out, I was in good position, last phase of the race i didn't stick with it like I should have when [Margaret] Wambui came up on the outside and I wasn't able to close in that last 100 or so."
On whether she stayed to watch the second heat...
"I did. Kate [Grace] got in, I am really happy for her, and she's going to represent us well in the final."
On whether she would have done anything differently...
"Placed top two, that would have been nice."
On whether fatigue set in...
"I'm not really sure, when I finished I wasn't dead tired, so I'm not really sure on what happened."
On whether there was any jostling on the last lap...
"I don't remember. I got spiked at some point, but I'm not sure if it was then or at another point. I don't think I really noticed."
On her goal to meet the automatic qualifier...
"Our first goal is to always get the secure spot. We don't want to rely on time. The goal was always to place top two, and just hope that if I didn't the time would be enough, and today it wasn't."
Kate Grace
"I knew I would have to PR to make the final based on past times and strength of the field. But I went in knowing that was possible, I PR'ed a few weeks ago at the Trials. In the race, Drew and I discussed that I have been leaving my races to the last 100 meters, and you can't do that in international competition because everyone is too fast. His whole thing is, 'your strength is your strength, you have to start going at 300, make a move early and put some cards on the table.' But with 300 to go I realized I was boxed in, so I made the decision to go way wider on thsi girl, which was a little bit costly on my momentum. It was good to get out and I felt strong finishing. I'm glad I was able to get that spot."
On looking forward to the final….
"I'm looking forward to it. Again, I'm looking forward to another PR chance.There are things that I can work on, and these easy tactical things probably could take a few seconds off with those, or milliseconds. Seconds would be awesome. So yea, I'm just looking forward to what I can do."
On the excitement surrounding Team USA and distance events...
"It has been awesome. This is my first Team USA. I mean I went to the Bahamas with the relay team, but I loved competing in college with a team. There's this energy that just starts growing. Clayton [Murphy] and Emma [Coburn]. Emma's whole thing with 'I believe in miracles is great.' I was thinking last night, one of my mantras is, 'if you believe in yourself then you will make that move in the middle of the race.' So that's my thing on the line, it's great seeing other people acting out what I want to be doing."
Women's 4x100m relay re-run*
Morolake Akinosun
"Honestly I felt like it was just like a glorified practice. We just had fun out there. We were laughing and joking going in, just staying light and that was the whole point. We already knew we were going to execute the first time, it's just that we had an unforeseen circumstance. Now we have to do the same thing, the same plan that we had the first time, just get out there and actually execute it."
On having to run in an outside lane...
"I was talking to my dad about it. And we are all running on a separate leg. So it's not like a 400 where you have to run in lane the whole time, or run in lane 1 the whole time. We're just going to go out there and perform and run the time that we know we can run, and we will be perfectly fine."
On the road to the Olympics...
"It's not what I expected at all. But I'm grateful for the opportunity to be here, I thank God that I'm here. I'm really glad that the team was able to pull through tonight and execute our race like I knew we could and make it to the finals."
Allyson Felix
"It was different, it was really weird. But we walked out and people were cheering for us. I think it uplifted us a little bit and encouraged us. I think we are just grateful."
On the handoff exchange...
"I'm probably the least person who would ever want to be involved in anything like this. I think I was stunned and shocked. I've never been in anything like that."
On the split-second decision to pick up the baton and keep going...
"Everything was happening really, really quickly and I don't know, when I saw it there I knew what had happened so I knew that's not how it goes. I just knew that you have to finish in order to have a good shot at the appeal."
"In my opinion I think that it was fair. I think that anyone who is impeded, I think that the process was fair."
English Gardner
"I think it was easy. We went out there, and before we came out our coach said, 'it was just like a practice, just the whole world was watching.' We just had to do everything we have been doing during camp and everything we were doing in the back, and just stay patient with each other, trust each other and get out there and run your job."
On running alone in the run-off...
"I feel like we ran pretty fast by ourselves, so I don't think anything was missing. We went out there and ran one of the fastest qualifiers, so if another team was in the same position and ran the fastest qualifier, I think they deserve to be there. We got a good opportunity and we seized it."
"Tianna [Bartoletta] said before we went out there that we are by ourselves and they gave us a second chance and let's take full advantage of it. So we just went out there and made sure that we got the stick, and when we got the stick we ran our butt off."
"Honestly at this level you are used to some of that stuff. But it was easier, in my opinion, to see our runner's hand and get the baton off and get safe exchanges. It was a lot more comfortable."
On China not making the final...
"I wish them the best of luck, it's unfortunate what happened. I wish that it didn't happen this way, and that we were able to basically all compete, because we all worked so hard to be here and those girls worked hard to run the relay and they missed out on the opportunity. So my heart is heavy for them, but the protest ruled that we were able to run off and we got the opportunity and we seized it."
On the reception from the fans when they came out to the track...
"We knocked a team out and we disqualified another, technically their actions disqualified them. It was interesting. I remember we were walking out and we got the cheers and I looked to Allyson [Felix] and said, 'I wasn't expecting that.' It was fun, it was really exciting. We had fun, we went out there and ran fast and we ran fast with noone around us, and without Tori Bowie, so it's definitely going to be a fun show tomorrow."
"When the crowd cheers, it helps us runners run. So we got out there and we got the job done and we appreciate all of the love and support."
On lane preference in the final...
"I'm happy to break stagger, so I don't have a preference. I just hope that I get to run and put on a show with the third leg and do my job and bring it home to my anchor."
MORNING SESSION
Men's 400m hurdles final
Kerron Clement, gold medalist
"I just thank God for the victory, first and foremost. I came out here with one mindset and that is to execute my race plan and trust my fitness and just believe in myself. I knew the last 100 meters would be tough, and those guys would be coming. The last 50 meters, honestly I thought about taking my legs and I thought about diving. But I dug down deeper to get that win, and to get my first individual gold medal. It is a surreal feeling and it was great honor for my mom to give me the [American] flag to run around the stadium. I'm glad that she's here to witness this history."
"After the last hurdle I knew that I had the fastest speed out of anyone in the field. I knew without a doubt that no one can sprint me down in the last 50 meters. But I knew that I was just sprinting for my life, and I came out with a win. When I crossed the line I knew I had it. I got on my knees and i was just thanking God, and of course I was exhausted. I couldn't move for a while but I'm just really happy."
On importance that his mom gave him the American flag for the victory lap...
"Before we left the states, I told her to bring the flag, because I knew I was going to win. I had a space in my cabinet at home where I have all of my medals, and the space in the cabinet said 'gold medal 2016.' So I knew I was coming here to win a gold medal, I just had to believe in myself and trust my fitness. I just came out here with one mindset to get that gold medal, and nothing was going to stop me."
"She just smiled and I knew that she was excited. I love to see my mom smile and I'm sure she's going to cry when she sees me on the podium tonight. And I'm sure I'm going to cry."
On his confidence that he was going to win a gold medal...
"I trust god, that's number one. I knew that I believe in myself and once I set my mind to something, i'm going to get it regardless. That space at home that I made before I came here, I knew I was going to get that gold medal, and I was sticking to my plan. Nothing was going to stop me from achieving that."
On the space in his cabinet designated for his gold medal...
"It was on a piece of paper, I wrote it in January of 2016. I knew that I was coming here to get a gold medal, I had one plan for the entire season. To get the gold medal in Rio, and I did that. I'm going to go and run in a few Diamond League meets in Paris and Zurich to win the Diamond League and finish my fairytale season."
On how his age has pushed him to be a gold medalist...
"I really think as I'm older I became wiser in the hurdles. I became wiser and I think when I was younger I used to run and make silly mistakes. Now I'm more wise, I've had two amazing coaches in my career with Bob Kersee and Michael Holloway. Just learning the hurdles and learning my technique in my 30's really helped me throughout my career."
On injuries and taking a break from track and field...
"When I had my surgeries and my injuries, I just kept believing in myself and I just kept believing that each year would get better. When I had my lows and stuff in 2013 I took a break because mentally, I was depleted. I just needed a break from the sport. I just stayed away from the sport and went on vacation. I just hit the refocus button and I came out in 2015 and now with a different attitude and mindset.
"I went to the Dominican Republic with a few friends and my mentor and stuff, and I just needed to enjoy myself and take my mind off of track. I didn't watch the US Championships and I didn't study track, I told my friends I didn't want to talk about track, I just wanted to focus on myself. The break started in 2013 after the World Championships I believe, and I took off into 2013. No hurdles, I just needed a break mentally. I was done."
"When I came back, I found a new love for the hurdles. I was like, 'oh my god I love the hurdles." Because I hadn't run the hurdles in a year. So now I found a new love for the sport again, and it's just hitting the refocus button and loving it again and having a new mindset and new goals for the second chapter of my career, which is now."
On whether he plans to compete in four years…
"Of course, I'll be 33. I'm still young."
Men's shot put qualifying
Joe Kovacs
"These qualifiers come with way too much stress and tension, because when you are coming here going after the podium and going after the gold you still have to get through this morning. That's what it's all about. It didn't matter about how far I threw, I just wanted to see that big Q and get out of there. I wish I did it on the first throw but having the family and the support there it's amazing. But you also have to take a breath and make sure that I got the job done. It felt good to get that big Q, now it's all about coming back in the final, because that's what it's all about."
"Coming here having the world lead, it comes with pressure. But i love the pressure because I can put it right back into the ball. This morning isn't pressure it's tension, so I just have to learn to loosen up and make that ball go in the final."
On Tomasz Majewski being a back-to-back gold medalist...
"He doesn't have the big Q, but I still think that he will sneak in with that [mark of 20.56m]. Having a guy who has done it twice, you never know what someone is going to bring. A guy like him, he has done it twice, he brought it in back to back Olympics, you've gotta respect that, you've gotta respect everybody in the field. But at the same time if you bring your game, the game that I've been throwing at practice, the game that my coach has been coaching me for the past four years, there's no question that I'm ready for the final."
On competition looking ahead to the final...
"The other American, Ryan Crouser, he's ready to put some throws out there. David Storl, he's always ready. The power to go out and the consistency that he brings with it, you always gotta be ready for somebody to do that. But I think if I can put the distance together that I want to, it will separate myself from the pack and that's the plan."
"I'm going to go back to my hotel, sit in the air conditioning. This morning comes with a little bit more tension than anything. So now I can go back, grab a sandwich, take a breath, because I'm going to flip the switch for this afternoon. I wish I was a little bit more in the zone today, so I could get it [qualifying mark] on the first throw, but it's all about winning and doing it when it counts."
Ryan Crouser
"A simulation where warming up and the holding period between warm-ups and your first throw, so sitting down then a quick warm-up and taking one throw, that has been going pretty well. I felt well prepared for it and just like I simulated in practice. It couldn't have gone any better."
On his first throw experience in the Olympic…
"Just excited. I been here since the third and did opening ceremonies, so it seems like it been over two weeks but on Rio time it's a lot longer. It seems like I've been watching everyone else compete for so long that I've been excited to just get out there. It's nice to get out on the field and actually do something after watching everyone else do it."
On what does he do after competition…
"I'll go and get off my feet, grab something to eat. Hopefully, take a nap I've been up since 5:00. it's already been a decently long day, with the check and process and with the buses and everything. It's better to be prepared than rushing at the end. It has already been a process to get here this morning, so if I can get a couple hours sleep I think that will help, because I don't throw until relevantly late."
On being roommates with Sam Crouser…
"It has been pretty cool. it's better than having a random roommate. We've been training together at the U.S. training facility. It's been a lot of fun just having a guy here that I've grown up with. We used to train a fair amount in high school together but we've been at separate colleges. It was fun to reconnect with him and train with him again like we did back in high school."
On travel plans after the Olympics…
"I go back on the 22nd. I'll do a lot of flying in a day or two. four meets or so over in Europe and then I'll go to Austin and then drive to Oregon. It's going to be a lot of travel still on top of what I already have. It's not too bad, still having fun."
Darrell Hill
"Today wasn't the day I was looking for. I had big expectations, I wanted to make the final with dreams of making the podium, but making the Olympic Games was a dream for me. Just like anything you get the wins and you celebrate those, so you look at this as a lost but it's all about how you come back from it. I'm not upset, I'm just really happy to be here and taking in the experience."
On the take away from the Olympic experience…
"I'm going to come back and watch the final and support my teammates Joe Kovacs, and Ryan Crouser as they chase after the medals this evening and really just soak up the vibes and see what it takes and see how everyone is moving and see how I can better improve myself for next time around. It's all about learning anyways."
On the changes he could've made to make the final…
"Being more aggressive. I went out and I wasn't as aggressive as I should and that was something I changed earlier in the season. That is what kind of carried me to the next level was upping my aggression early and really just going after it. I was a little too tentative today and that backfired on me. I knew what I needed to do and I didn't execute, so I just take it and learn from it."
On father making it to the Olympics to watch him compete…
"Yes, he was out there. It wasn't the performance I wanted him to see obviously, but I still appreciate everyone's support and I appreciate my dad being here. It was such a blessing for him to be able to make this travel and for him to want to make this travel to come down and watch me compete. It meant the world to me, it was awesome."
Women's high jump qualifying
Vashti Cunningham
"It was not my best time competing but I made it through. I will be able to hopefully do better the next time."
On her performance in the high jump event…
"After my opening, I missed the next height at my first attempted and the next height. It took me two attempts to make my last height of 1.94m/6-4.25."
On the experience of being at the Olympics…
"It's really nice, a good experience and something to just take in."
On father Randall Cunningham encouragement at the games…
"Stay focus on what I'm doing and to not get sidetrack on what I'm doing, while I'm waiting for my competition day.
"It's a lot of help. Even out there today, I was mentally struggling but he was telling me 'oh I've been here, you can do this' and pushing me through."
On the relationship with Chaunte Lowe…
"She is a good mentor for me. I've watched her growing up and I still watch her now. She is someone to watch out of the corner of your eye and keep track of her. She is amazing and we've a close relationship."
On the activity she has done waiting to compete…
"I've been practicing a lot. I went to some of the houses. I went to the Nike house and I just been with my family a lot too."
Chaunte Lowe
"It went really well. It felt easy. I was just a little nervous because I am operating off of two hours, so I'm hoping it gets better for the final but other than that it felt like my training came into play today."
On not getting enough sleep…
"I was so excited. I had to wait so long to finally jump. With us being almost at the end of the Olympic Games, I was waiting, waiting and waiting. Once it was finally here, I was too excited to sleep. I was prepared for it this year. Not all competitions, just at the Olympic Games."
On her relationship with Vashti Cunningham…
"It's really exciting because for so many years I had to jump by kind of by myself, well for a couple of years then Brenetta came. Now having Vashti here, she is eighteen and her future is bright. I think this year, she's a good competitor, so I kind of have to keep a little bit of a distances but I think next year I be able to take her under my wing more. At the beginning of the year I was able to talk to her and give her advice but now I'm backing off just a little bit, because I have my own personal goals."
On the mental preparation for the high jump final…
"I'm going to have to remember it's an actual meet. I was out there to relaxed and it felt so much like practice. I kind of have to wake myself up and says 'okay girl this is a competition and you want to win,' so I really have to remind myself of that and come out and compete."
Inika McPherson
"It felt great, I just took the advice from our team psychologist [Tracy], and she just said to treat it like any other meet and go out there and execute. So coach and I had a plan and that's what we did."
Women's 4x100m relay qualifying
"I got bumped coming into the exchange zone. It just completely threw me off balance. I tried to hold it together to get it to English [Gardner]. Maybe, if I had one more step I could've but I was falling as I was going through."
On the hand off not being competed…
"I just remembered them telling me, if there is an appeal that you have to make an effort. On my right side. I was just hit from the side and was thrown off. I got propelled."
"We got bumped coming into the exchange zone. Definitely going to protest a move. We are going to regroup and get ourselves together and go out there and be ready to compete in the final."
"If you think about it, we are going about 20 mph, so if a foreign object comes in front and throws off your momentum, that's going to miss up a hand off."
Men's 4x100m relay qualifying
Mike Rodgers
"It's just timing and trusting each other. Today we were very, very patient in the first round with safe passes. Tomorrow we are going to stretch it out a little bit, hopefully you guys will see something special."
On what it will take to beat Jamaica and Usain Bolt...
"Just to get the stick around the track. We've been winning every year with the stick around the track and we haven't made a mistake. So no mistakes, a good race, or tight at the line, or put enough room on Bolt so he can't catch us like we did in the World Relays."
On mentoring Chris Coleman...
"I had to mentor him all the way through the first round, I didn't say that was my job, but he's confident, he got the stick and did what he was supposed to do. He made a great pass to Tyson Gay, safe pass, and we got through. Tomorrow is going to be very exciting. We have a bright future, we have some guys that can get the stick around the track, two guys got experience today and I am happy."
Tyson Gay
"I've been here for a while now, with not running the 100m, it makes the Olympics a lot longer than normal, but it felt good to get the stick around and we had a good time."
On watching the women's 4x100 relay, and focusing on qualifying...
"I felt sorry, but the first thing that I did was just [our team] that we got this. We have to be positive and think about what can happen. You just have to keep your composure and get the stick off."
"It was the race of a lifetime. This is the highest stage you can be as a track athlete, and at such a young age I am extremely blessed, and hopefully I have the opportunity to continue to do better."
On the atmosphere at Olympic Stadium...
"It was crazy. A huge crowd, so I just had to calm my nerves and get the job done."
On getting the call that he made it to the Olympics...
"It was after Trials, I was actually in the hotel going back to Tennessee for college, and my coach called me and told me that they were going to bring me on for the relay pool, and I was just extremely excited. It was just a humbling experience and I am just happy to be here."
"I'm only 20 years old, and being able to hang out with some of these guys that I look up to like Justin Gatlin and Tyson Gay, just being able to soak in some knowledge and everything has been a really great experience for me."
Jarrion Lawson
"Of course we have been doing handoffs and practicing things just in case. So I got in there and had no problems. Tyson and my hand off was smooth. We're both from Arkansas so he went to college at Arkansas, it's a tradition kind of thing. Just come in here and breath, execute and have fun, and just get to that finish line and get to the next round."
On having Tyson Gay as a mentor...
"I look up to Tyson, and he looks at me as his little brother. He knows I'm just coming in, and he's going out. So he's teaching me everything he can, and I'm definitely learning and taking it all in. It's been a humbling experience for me."
On the team chemistry of the 4x100m relay...
"We have been working on this since July 29th, just to come out here and finally be able to do it in competition it feels good."


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3,000 Surrey students to receive lifesaving CPR and defibrillator training (communiqué en anglais)
Surrey, BC 12:30 p.m. PST – Today, the Advanced Coronary Treatment (ACT) Foundation and partners will launch the ACT High School CPR and Defibrillator Training Program in 10 Surrey public standard secondary schools. More than 3,000 Surrey students will be empowered by their teachers with essential lifesaving skills every year. The media event is being held at Tamanawis Secondary School, 12600 66 Avenue, Surrey, BC, V3W 2A8.
The ACT Foundation is the charitable organization that is establishing free CPR and defibrillator training programs in secondary schools throughout BC and across Canada.
ACT is working in partnership with its provincial partner BC Emergency Health Services (BCEHS) paramedics and staff, and health partners AstraZeneca Canada, Sanofi Canada, and Amgen Canada, and community partners, Rotary Club of Cloverdale, Rotary Club of White Rock, Semiahmoo Rotary Club, Surrey Central Lions Club, and White Rock Kiwanis Club to bring this program to the secondary schools in Surrey.
"I am extremely pleased to see our government partnering with the ACT Foundation through BC Emergency Health Services. Our government is committed to giving people better health care, and I could not be happier to see the ACT Foundation teaching young British Columbians skills that can save lives," says Harry Bains, MLA for Surrey-Newton.
Funding will see secondary schools receive training equipment to enable teachers to train students. This includes Automated External Defibrillator (AED) training units, AED training mannequins, and program set-up that will see all students graduate with the skills and knowledge to save lives.
"As a founding partner of the ACT Foundation, we have proudly watched this program expand to communities from coast to coast. Not only are youth learning critical skills that stay with them for a lifetime, they also gain an appreciation of the science behind the techniques and, in some cases, go on to pursue careers in such areas as nursing, medicine, and emergency services," says Jamie Freedman, President and CEO, AstraZeneca Canada.
With eight in 10 out-of-hospital cardiac arrests occurring at home or in public places, empowering youth with CPR training as part of their high school education will help increase citizen CPR response rates over the long term.
To date, the ACT High School CPR Program has been established in 242 public standard secondary schools throughout British Columbia and approximately 506,000 students have already been empowered to save lives with CPR.
"Our front-line paramedics and dispatchers know bystander CPR saves lives. That's why we're so invested in helping to prepare future generations on how to help someone suffering from a sudden cardiac arrest," says BCEHS Vice-President of Clinical and Medical Programs, Dr. John Tallon. "Every year, through the ACT Foundation's CPR and AED program approximately 46,000 BC students gain the information, skills, and confidence to help save lives. These skills will assist them to help others throughout the rest of their lives." Early CPR combined with early defibrillation can increase the chance of survival for cardiac arrest victims by up to 75% according to Heart and Stroke Foundation.
"We are thrilled with the support from our partners," said Sandra Clarke, the ACT Foundation's Executive Director. "With it, we can enhance the CPR program in Surrey secondary schools with the addition of the defibrillator training component. These are lifesaving skills that students will be able to bring to their current and future families and communities."
To date, the ACT Foundation has set up the ACT High School CPR Program in more than 1,790 high schools nation-wide, empowering more than 4.2 million youth to save lives.
About the ACT Foundation
The ACT Foundation is the national charitable organization establishing the free CPR and AED program in Canadian high schools. The program is built on ACT's award-winning community-based model of partnerships and support, whereby ACT finds local partners who donate the mannequins and AED training units that schools need to set up the program. Secondary school teachers then teach CPR and how to use a defibrillator to their students as a regular part of the curriculum, reaching all youth prior to graduation. ACT's partners, committed to bringing the program to British Columbia are BC Emergency Health Services (BCEHS), and our national health partners AstraZeneca Canada, Sanofi Canada, and Amgen Canada. www.actfoundation.ca or on Twitter @actfoundation #ACT2Save
About BC Emergency Health Services
BC Emergency Health Services (BCEHS) is responsible for the delivery and governance of pre-hospital emergency medical care and inter-facility patient transfer services through the BC Ambulance Service and BC Patient Transfer Services. BCEHS is supported by the Provincial Health Services Authority (PHSA). For more information, please visit www.bcehs.ca or on Twitter @BC_EHS.
For photo opportunities or media interviews and information:
Jennifer Edwards
ACT Foundation
jedwards@actfoundation.ca
Toll: 800-465-9111
Cristiane Doherty
Media Coordinator
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Implementing Salesforce is a big deal.
There's a lot of time, energy and effort involved for everyone on your team – not to mention that CRM is a serious investment. To get the most ROI, you should know what you want to get out of Salesforce, as well as how you're going to get there.
To get a little advice on this, we tapped into Torrent Consulting's Andrew Cann. He's worked with numerous organizations, from international Fortune 100 companies to public sector agencies and nonprofits.
Sales leaders, here are four vital steps for getting started with Salesforce (plus advice from Andrew).
1. Determine what implementation success means for your team.
What are you hoping to get out of the application?
How will you define a successful implementation?
Every sales leader has to generate their own goal. For many, it's to get reporting analytics and insight into their pipeline. Others want to see more consistency in the way reps manage the sales process. And some might just be looking to make their organization mobile.
So ask yourself: What would you like to get out of the platform? Then determine how you will measure success.
2. Define your fundamental sales stages.
You want your CRM to reinforce your sales process, not define it. If you haven't mapped out your sales process and the fundamental stages that it involves, do that well before a Salesforce rollout.
Work with both your sales managers and reps to determine what steps best describe the journey from discovering a potential opportunity to closing a deal.
3. Distinguish the activity metrics that drive the sales process.
From here, you'll need to pick out the sales activity metrics you want to measure: What specific behaviors drive opportunities from one stage of your sales process to the next? These are leading indicators – things like calls, meetings, product demos and proposals sent – that you can measure and manage.
Your activity metrics must be specific to your team. Activity metrics for a sales development rep might include number of calls, conversations, meetings scheduled and opportunities generated. But an enterprise sales rep's process would probably benefit more from senior buyer connections, VP-level conversations, ROI discussions and negotiations.
In the end, settle on 3-4 behaviors you'd like each team to focus on.
4. Design Salesforce around your sales process.
Once you understand how your sales process works, you can start to design your Salesforce platform in a way that aligns with it. That means implementing the stages of your sales process into the system, as well as creating a way for reps to log their corresponding activity metrics.
"[For adoption], it's important to define your metrics up front and clearly share them with your team so they know that everyone is working toward those goals together," Andrew said.
Use these tips to ensure that your CRM is both easy-to-use and valuable for reps. And for additional advice, check out our podcast on steps to improve sales rep adoption.
Sales leaders, here are four vital steps for getting started with Salesforce with advice from Salesforce Consultant Andrew Cann.


An annulment is very different from a divorce. In an annulment, there is no divorce. The court is declaring that either (i) no valid marriage ever took place or (ii) the marriage is voidable, which means it ends without a divorce once the annulment is final. The court will not award alimony or divide property or debts, and paternity may even be called into question.
Bigamy occurs when someone is married to two people at the same time. This may happen due to fraud, or it may happen when one party doesn't realize the divorce to their prior spouse was never finalized and proceeds to marry someone else. Bigamous marriages justify an annulment of the second marriage except in limited circumstances.
Any incestuous marriage can support an annulment, regardless of whether either spouse knew of the blood relationship between them at the time of the marriage. California forbids marriage between ancestors and descendants, brothers and sisters of half as well as whole blood, uncles and nieces, and aunts and nephews.
In California, a prospective spouse is too young to marry if he is a minor (under 18), unless he obtains permission from the court and at least one parent. Without this, the minor can seek an annulment unless he voluntarily lived with his partner after he turned 18.
Physical incapacity as a ground for annulment means the inability to reproduce and raise children, including sexual incapacity. The incapacity must have existed at the time the marriage was entered in to, it must have continued until the time of annulment proceedings, and it must appear to be incurable.
Fraud can be a ground for annulment if the other spouse misrepresented or concealed a fact that, if known at the time by the party seeking annulment, would have caused them not to consent to the marriage. An annulment must be sought within four years of discovery of the fraud, and the party seeking annulment must not have voluntarily lived with his spouse during that time.
A party seeking an annulment may obtain an annulment if they can establish that they were of unsound mind (unable to understand the nature and consequences of their consent to marriage) at the time the marriage took place. If such party regains his reason and continues to live with his spouse voluntarily, he cannot seek an annulment on this basis.
The technical term for this ground is "force," and it includes circumstances beyond the typical shotgun marriage where one spouse (typically male) is forced to marry at the point of a gun. Even non-violent threats can constitute force under California annulment law.
CKB Vienna LLP, has assisted a great number of clients with divorce-related issues, including annulments. If you are seeking an annulment of your marriage or if your spouse is seeking an annulment over your objections, call us at 909-980-1040 or contact us online to learn how we can help you solve your problem. We serve clients throughout Rancho Cucamonga, including Alta Loma and Etiwanda.