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What are Local Authority Rates?
Rates are a property-based tax levied by Local Authorities on the occupiers of commercial/industrial properties in their administrative area.
What does "Rate is made" mean?
Each year, following the Annual Budget meeting, the Rate books for the County are prepared and are available for inspection by the public for 14 days. After the 14 days the rate is made by the County Manager and the seal of the Council is fixed to the Rate books. This would generally happen late January/early February each year. The date the Rate is made is advertised in the media each year.
What is the money raised through rates used for?
The income generated by rates is used to fund a wide range of services provided by the County Council throughout the County.
What is Rateable Valuation?
All properties are given a rateable valuation by the Commissioner of Valuation in the Valuation Office. The Commissioner of Valuation is independent of Local Authorities.
What is Annual Rate of Valuation?
Following the consideration of the Annual Budget each year, the elected members of the County Council (Councillors) determine the Annual rate of valuation to be levied for the following year.
What is the Annual Rate of Valuation in Dún Laoghaire-Rathdown?
The Annual Rate of Valuation in Dún Laoghaire-Rathdown County for the last 10 years are:
2016 0.1624 03/02/16
2014 0.1666 03/02/2014
2012 0.170 25/01/2012
2010 69.20 27/01/2010
How are my Commercial Rates calculated?
Rates are calculated by multiplying the valuation of your property by the annual rate on valuation (ARV). The Commissioner of Valuation is responsible for valuations and the Local Authority for the ARV. Both of these terms are clarified as follows:
Valuation:
The valuation of property is determined by the Commissioner of Valuation. The basis of valuation is the Net Annual Value (NAV) i.e. the open market rental value of the property at a specified valuation date. For the purposes of revaluation in Dún Laoghaire the relevant valuation date was the 30th September 2005.
Annual Rate on Valuation (ARV):
The "Annual Rate on Valuation" (formerly known as "the rate in the pound"), is in effect a multiplier, and it is determined by the Council at its Annual Budget Meeting. The rate" is then made by the County Manager following a public notification process. The annual rate on valuation for 2013 is €0.1666. Both the valuation and ARV are shown on your rates bill and a sample calculation would be as follows:
Eg. Rateable Valuation x
Annual Rate of Valuation =
€100,000 €0.1666 €16,660
When do the rates become due?
Rates are payable in two moieties (i.e. two instalments), the first moiety when the rate is made and on receipt of the rates bill by the occupier of the premises and the second moiety by the 1st July. As an alternative, Ratepayers can opt to pay by monthly direct debit.
How do I pay my rates?
You can pay your rates by the following methods:
By Direct Debit
You can pay your rates in monthly instalments over the course of one year.
Commercial Rates Direct Debit Mandate (pdf -40kb) Word doc 146 KB
By Bank Giro Credit Transfer/EFT
A Bank Giro is attached to your Rate Demand.
To your Rate Collector
See details below
Cheques, Money Order and Postal Orders.
At the Council's Offices in Dún Laoghaire and Dundrum
Cash is not accepted at the Council's offices in County Hall or Dundrum. Also, cash should not be sent through the post.
Who is my Rate Collector?
There are there Rate Collectors in the Dún Laoghaire Rathdown area. The Rate Collectors are responsible for collection rates in their own areas.
Blackrock/Dún Laoghaire/Stillorgan
P.J. Meagher is acting as Rate Collector for the area from the County boundary with Dublin City to the centre of Dún Laoghaire. His areas include Booterstown, Blackrock, Monkstown, Part of Dún Laoghaire from the Monkstown towards Royal Marine Road and Stillorgan/Clonskeagh. He can be contacted at (01) 205 4798 or 086 8585867or via e-mail at pjmeagher@dlrcoco.ie.
Dún Laoghaire/Shankill
Emma Hynes is the Rate Collector for the area from the centre of Dún Laoghaire to the County boundary with Bray. Her areas include part of Dún Laoghaire from Royal Marine Road towards Glasthule, Glasthule, Dalkey, Shankill, Cherrywood, Foxrock. She can be contacted at (01) 205 4895 or 086 0204632 or via e-mail at ehynes@dlrcoco.ie.
Dundrum/Sandyford
Barbara Hanney is the Rate Collector for the west side of the County. Her areas include Dundrum, Stillorgan, Sandyford, Rathfarnham and Churchtown. She can be contacted at (01) 204 7088 or 086 1714135 or via e-mail at bhanney@dlrcoco.ie.
Must I pay rates if my property is vacant?
If a property is vacant on the day the rate is made (24th January 2013) and is available for letting or undergoing refurbishment the rates must still be paid to the Council. The Ratepayer may get a rates refund provided the full year's rates have been paid and certain conditions have been met.
The Ratepayer will need to complete a Vacancy Refund Form (Rates) (pdf -59kb) , statutory undertaking and provide documentary evidence of his/her attempts to let or refurbish the property.
If a tenant moves into a premises and there are rates due on it, can the tenant be held liable?
A subsequent occupier may be held liable for arrears of rates for up to two years from the making of the rate. It is up to the new occupier to ensure that all rates, including the current year's rates, and all other liabilities (e.g. water/ environmental waste charges) are paid before the closing of a sale or the assignment of a lease of any rateable property.
What happens if I do not pay my Rates?
If rates are not paid, legal proceedings will be initiated for the collection of the debt.
What are the contact details of the Rates Section in Dún Laoghaire-Rathdown County Council?
Rates Section
Dún Laoghaire-Rathdown County Council
Marine Road
e-mail: rates@dlrcoco.ie
Website: www.dlrcoco.ie/
What if I a still unhappy with my valuation?
If you are unhappy with the Valuation as revised by the Revision officer, there is a further right of appeal to the Valuation Tribunal. The Valuation Tribunal is an independent body set up to settle disputed valuations.
You must apply in writing the Valuation Tribunal within 28 days of receiving your notification of decision from the Revision Officer. It must be accompanied by the appropriate fee.
The contact details for the Valuation Tribunal are:
Floor one
Ormond House
Ormond Quay Upper
E-mail: info@valuation-trib.ie
The decision of the Valuation Tribunal is final, subject to an appeal to the High Court on a point of law.
What is the Entry Year Property Levy and am I liable?
The Entry Year Property Levy is a charge which the Local Authority applies to all newly erected or newly constructed properties pending the levying of commercial rates. It has been introduced for the first time in 2007 under the Local Government (Business Improvement istricts) Act 2006, which was enacted on the 24th December 2006.
What is Revaluation?
A revaluation is the production of an up-to-date Valuation List of all commercial and industrial property, within a rating authority area, by reference to property rental values at the specified valuation date, which, in the case of the Dún Laoghaire-Rathdown area, was the 30th September 2005. Revaluation will result in a redistribution of commercial rates liability between ratepayers.
Who is responsible for Revaluation?
The Commissioner of Valuation initiated the Dún Laoghaire-Rathdown revaluation in accordance with the powers vested in him under the Valuation Act 2001, after the required statutory consultation with both the Department of the Environment, Heritage and Local Government and Dún Laoghaire-Rathdown County Council. He made a Valuation Order on the 27th of June 2008 which started the process in the County of Dún Laoghaire-Rathdown.
Why did the Commissioner of Valuation initiate the Revaluation process?
The former Valuation Lists did not reflect the major shifts in property values that have occurred over the years. The Commissioner sought to bring more equity, fairness and transparency into the Local Authority rating system by having valuations in line with more up to date property rental values. This is to ensure Local Authority commercial rates are assessed on the basis of an up-to-date list of valuations of commercial and industrial properties.
The Valuation date of the 30th September 2005 is surely irrelevant having regard to downturn the market?
Nobody could be blamed for reaching that conclusion. The follow on to this is that ratepayers will think their rates assessment is higher than it should be because their rental values have now dropped. This is not the case. The base valuation date is largely irrelevant as the Council's multiplier (the ARV) is altered to ensure the same levels of rates are payable, regardless of the Valuation date.
How does this distribution of Rates Liability Work?
An example is the best way to explain this. Look at the following:
Property A
Property B
Property C
Total Rates
Rateable Valuation
€200 €200 €200
ARV – Pre Revaluation
Rates Liability – Pre Revaluation
€13,840 €13,840 €13,840 €41,520
Rental Value
€60,000 €81,500 €100,000
ARV Post Revaluation
€0.170 €0.170 €0.170
Rates Liability After Revaluation
Before revaluation, each property had the same valuation and the same rates assessment. The total rates take for the Council is €41,520. After revaluation the rateable valuations now reflect the open market rental values (as at the valuation date of the 30th September 2005). You can see, following revaluation, that property A has a decreased rates assessment, property B is virtually unchanged while property C gets an increased assessment. The Council's overall take is also less.
Will the revaluation process increase my rates bill?
Revaluation is a distribution of rates liability between Ratepayers. While 60% of Ratepayers will have a decease or no change in their rates assessment this year, 40% unfortunately will have an increased assessment following revaluation and if you are in this bracket it is important that you are aware of your right of appeal - you have up until the 8th February 2011 to exercise this right.
What if i already made "representations" when the proposed Valuation Certificates issued last year?
The Commissioner of Valuation considered over 2,200 individual representations from ratepayers before issuing his final Valuation Certificates. If you already made representations that have been determined by the Commissioner, you still have the right of appeal. However you should bear in mind that the Commissioner would have taken into account the matters raised by you in your representations prior to issuing a final Valuation Certificate.
I have received my Final Valuation Certificate from the Valuation Office. What should I do now?
You should examine all of the documentation sent to you by the Valuation Office, particularly the extract from the Valuer's Report, and ensure you are satisfied that it is correct. You will also have received from the Council a letter in January indicating your rates liability for 2011, the valuation of your property and the latest date for submission of appeals.
As part of the revaluation process, draft Valuation Certificates were issued to Ratepayers in June and September of last year. At that time, ratepayers were invited to make representations to the Commissioner of Valuation. Over 2,200 ratepayers made representations. Any representations made were taken into consideration by the Commissioner prior to the issue of final Valuation Certificates.
If you are dissatisfied with the Commissioner's determination of your valuation, you can appeal his decision. You have up until the 8th February 2011 to make your appeal. The Commissioner of Valuation will consider your appeal and make a decision within 6 months of receiving the appeal.
What if I am still unhappy with my valuation after this appeal?
There is a further right of appeal to the Valuation Tribunal. To be valid, an appeal to the Valuation Tribunal must follow the determination of the initial appeal by the Commissioner of Valuation. It must be in writing and must specify the grounds of appeal. The appeal must be made within 28 days and must be accompanied by the appropriate fee. For more information on the Valuation Tribunal visit www.valuation-trib.ie/
Is the Valuation Tribunal's decision final?
The decision of the Valuation Tribunal is final on the amount of the valuation. However, there is a further right of appeal to the High Court on a point of law and ultimately to the Supreme Court.
Where can I get further information on my valuation or the revaluation process?
Should you have any further queries you can email revalinfo@valoff.ie or call (01) 817 1033. Locall 1890 531 431 or visit the Valuation Office website atwww.valoff.ie/revaluation.html.
I had heard that the Council had reduced its "rate" by 2% but yet many ratepayers have had an increase in their rates assessment for this year. Why is this?
The "rate" is normally the term associated with the ARV which is determined by the Council. We cannot compare the ARV for 2011 (€0.170) with that for 2010 (€69.20) as the ARV for 2011 is really a starting point following revaluation.
As with any exercise of the nature of a general revaluation of commercial properties certain categories of Ratepayers will enjoy a net gain, others will not. And even within those categories of properties where the overall rates burden will have decreased certain individual properties will show an increase in their rates liability. The revaluation process, undertaken by the Commissioner of Valuation in accordance with legislation, has resulted in 56% of ratepayers enjoying decreased rates bills, 4% seeing no change & 40% unfortunately having an increased bill.
What the Council has done in recognition of the difficulties re-valuation has caused many Ratepayers is to drop its rates income from what it could have been (€91.3m), as provided for in the revaluation legislation, to €88.9m, a decrease of 2.6% which has had the effect of bringing the ARV down to €0.170 instead of the higher figure permissible under the legislation of €0.174.
Will the revaluation increase the commercial rates income for Dún Laoghaire-Rathdown County Council?
No. The Valuation Act 2001 provides that the rates income collectible by a Council in the year immediately following revaluation cannot exceed the previous year's rates income other than by the increase attributable to inflation. If the Council had adopted an ARV allowed for under the legislation the ARV in 2011 would have been €.0174. However, Members adopted an ARV of €0.170, 2.3% less than that permissible under the legislation. Furthermore, the Council has suffered a significant financial loss attributable to the Re-Valuation process arising from the necessity to make provision for any potential losses arising from appeals to the Valuation Office/Valuation Tribunal in 2011. It can therefore be seen that the Council did not benefit in any financial manner from the Re-Valuation process and in actuality Re-Valuation has resulted in a very significant negative impact on the Council's finances.
The ARV in 2010 was €69.20. This year it is €0.170. Why such a difference?
The reason for this is due to the revaluation process (Explained further below). In 2010 the total rateable valuation of all property in the Dún Laoghaire-Rathdown area was approximately €1,287,000. The Council's required rates income for the year was €89,060,500 giving an ARV (multiplier) of €69.20 (€89,060,500/ €1,287,000 = €69.20).
Under revaluation all valuations increased to reflect open market rental values at the 30th September 2005. This means that in 2011 the total valuation of all properties in the Dún Laoghaire-Rathdown area is €523,206,100. The Council's required rates income for the year is €88,899,100 giving an ARV (multiplier) of €0.170 (€88,899,100/ €523,206,100 = €0.170).
Did the Council financially benefit from Revaluation?
As outlined in the previous paragraph the Valuation Act 2001 provides that the rates income collectible by a Council in the year immediately following revaluation cannot exceed the previous year's rates income other than by the increase attributable to inflation. If the Council had adopted an ARV allowed for under the legislation the ARV in 2011 would have been €.0174.
However, Members adopted an ARV of €0.170, 2.3% less than that permissible under the legislation. Furthermore, the Council has suffered a significant financial loss attributable to the Re-Valuation process arising from the necessity to make provision for any potential losses arising from appeals to the Valuation Office/Valuation Tribunal in 2011. It can therefore be seen that the Council did not benefit in any financial manner from the Re-Valuation process and in actuality Re-Valuation has resulted in a very significant negative impact on the Council's finances.
Under the legislation, I understand that the Minister for the Environment, Heritage and Local Government imposed a limit on Dún Laoghaire-Rathdown's rates income for this year. Can you clarify?
This is correct. Under the Valuation Act 2001 (S.56), the Minister made a Limitation Order the effect of which was to allow for an increase in the Council's rates income taking account of inflation using the CPI index year on year. It meant the maximum ARV the Council could fix in 2011 was €0.174. The Council's budgetary objective was to try and limit the impact of revaluation on those ratepayers whose valuations increased. The Council decided therefore to reduce the ARV from that permissible to €0.170. This meant the Council had to make further cost savings of €2.3m to fund the reduction in the ARV in order to present a balanced budget.
Who do I contact if I have a query on my rates bill?
Ratepayers should contact the Rate Collector for their area. Ratepayers can also contact the Rates Office at 01-2054821 or email rates@dlrcoco.ie
When is the Calendar of Meetings published?
The calendar is approved by the Organisation, Procedure and Protocol Committee, which is held quarterly (i.e. March, June, September and December). Once approved the Calendar is published on the website.
Can I then appeal to the Commissioner for Environmental Information?
Following the completion of the internal review, you may seek an independent review of the decision from the Commissioner for Environmental Information. Appeals to the Commissioner must be made within one month of the internal review decision. You may also appeal to the Commissioner if the Council does not reply to your request for an internal review of the original decision within one month.
Appeals must be made in writing to the Commissioner for Environmental Information at the following address:
Office of the Commissioner for Environmental Information
18 Lower Leeson Street
Email: info@ocei.ie
Further contact details and information on the Commissioner's Office can be found on www.ocei.ie.
Third parties affected by the decision of the Council may also appeal to the Commissioner against the Council's decision.
You must include the appropriate fee for your appeal (see Fees Section for more information).
How frequent are the meetings:
The SPC meetings take place on a quarterly basis (usually March, June, September and December)
Where can I see what happened at an SPC meeting:
Details of SPC meetings can be found under The Council and Democracy/Council Meetings/ Meetings Agendas and Minutes
Where are the minutes of the meetings:
Minutes of each SPC meeting contains decisions made at the meeting.
They are approved by the SPC at their next meeting. Once the minutes have been approved they are published on the Council's website under The Council and Democracy/Council Meetings/ Meetings Agendas and Minutes
How are members appointed:
In accordance with the provisions of the legislation and guidelines from The Department of Housing, Planning and Local Government, the membership of the SPCs will consist of two thirds Councillors and one third sectoral representatives. The following shall apply in relation to the membership of SPCs
• Each Councillor will be a member of 2 SPCs;
• Every member of an SPC will hold office for the lifetime of the Council
(normally five years);
• If a Councillor member of an SPC ceases to be a Councillor he or she
will also automatically cease to be a member of an SPC;
• Each nominating sector is entitled to deselect its nominees as
• A sector may be represented on more than one SPC
(full details are available in the DLR Strategic Policy Committee Scheme 2014-2019)
Vacancies in the membership of the SPCs are a matter for approval by the Councillors. If a Councillor vacancy arises, the Members of the Council approve and adopted the Councillor to fill the vacancy.
If a vacancy arises from the sectoral representation, a nomination is received from the sector where the vacancy has arisen, the nomination is presented to the Members of the Council for their adoption
What is a Chairpersons report:
A chairpersons report is a report that is prepared after the SPC meeting by the Chairperson to outline what matters were dealt with at the meeting.
Chairpersons report are included on the County Council agenda for noting by Members and are then published on the Council's website (above this page).
How do I access my personal data?
All requests for personal details must be made in writing, either by post or email. The Council shall respond to your request within one month. You may be asked for evidence of your identity. This is to make sure that personal information is not given to the wrong person. Please address your request to:
Data Protection Co-Ordinator
Email: dataprotection@dlrcoco.ie
In your request, you should give any details that will help the Council to identify you and find your data e.g. any previous address and/or date of birth. Also, be clear about which details you are looking for if you are only looking for certain information.
You will receive these details within one month of your request however if the request is complex, and the Council is of the opinion that it requires additional time to consider the request, it may once only extend the time, by notice in writing to you, by a further period not exceeding two months.
General Data Protection Regulation Data Access Request - Print Only Version
Is there a fee involved?
In general No.
However section 93(4) of the Data Protection Act 2018 provides if a request is manifestly unfounded or excessive in nature, a reasonable charge may be imposed having regard to the administrative cost of complying with the request.
Is there a right of Appeal open to me?
If you feel the Council is not respecting your data protection rights, you should contact the organisation's Data Protection Officer.
Email: dataprotectionofficer@dlrcoco.ie
If you are then not satisfied with our response, you may contact the Office of the Data Protection Commissioner – details as follows:
The Office of the Data Protection Commissioner
Co Laois
R32 AP23
LoCall: 1890 252 231 Tel: +353 0761 104 800 Fax: +353 57 868 4757
What is the Representational Payment for a Councillor
The Representational Payment is currently:- €17,060.00
How often do SPC meetings take place?
Each SPC meets on a quarterly basis (i.e. March, June, September & December).
What are the rules governing the payment of the 'Annual Expense Allowance'
Payment of the Travel & Subsistence is made subject to Councillors attendance rate quota of 80% of all meetings which the Councillors is due to attend.
Payment of the Annual Allowance is made subject to Councillors attendance ratequota of 50% of all meetings which the Councillor is due attend.
What is the Allowance Payable to the Cathaoirleach and Leas-Chathaoirleach of Local Authorities under S143?
Section 143 Local Government Act 2001 [As Amended]
€30K for the Cathaoirleach Allowance
€6K for the Leas-Chathaoirleach Allowance
Is the Calendar updated if changes are required to the date, time or venue of any meeting?
The calendar is updated and re-published on the website where changes are required to the time, date or venue of any meeting.
I cannot find my name through the search facility on your website...
In order to comply with Data Protection regulations, our system is set up to only confirm exact details that are inputted on the query page.
Have you highlighted the correct townland from the drop down list?
Have you tried to search for your details by entering your Eircode?
Have you entered your full Christian name and surname e.g., Anthony McVeigh could be entered as Tony McVeigh?
The entries on the register are what is put on your form, some electors have a given name but go by another name e.g., Margaret but is known as Peggy.
You could have put Patrick on your form and are searching under Paddy or Pat.
Surnames beginning with O'Reilly, McMahon/Mac or Irish names could have spaces or fada's e.g., Ó Bradaigh or Uί Bhroin.
Hyphenated names could have a space or a hyphen.
If you applied to be included on the Register after 25th November you will not see yourself on the Live Register on line which is published on 1st February each year.
If you applied to be included on the Register after it is published on 1st February you will not see yourself on line. You will be included on the Draft Register which you can view on line from 1st November.
If you are included on a supplement to the Register you will not see yourself on line until after the closing date for inclusion.
Why was my name taken off the Register?
During the summer months an RFA form is delivered to householders for completion and returned to us so the register can be updated. If you are not included on this form your name will be removed from the Register as only persons listed as ordinarily residing at this address are included on the Register.
I will be 18 years of age after the Register comes into force on 15th February but will be 18 years of age before Polling Day, can I be included on the Register?
You can apply to be included on a Supplement to the Register by completing a Supplement Application Form (RFA2), having the form witnessed at a Garda Station and returned to us before the closing date to be included on the supplement.
How can I check the Draft Register?
on our website at this link
By calling the Register Section on 01 2054880
In person at the Council Offices in Dun Laoghaire and Dundrum
In Person at your local library, Post Office or Garda Station
Is there anything I can do if it is Polling Day and I have not received my Polling Card?
Firstly you should contact our office at 01 205 4880 and clarify that you are registered at your correct address and have the correct status/nationality. Once these two details have been confirmed as correct, you can then be given directions to the correct Polling Station in order for you to use your vote.
I have a disability - what special arrangements have been put in place for me?
The website of the Department of the Environment, Heritage and Local Government contains information for voters with disabilities
http://www.environ.ie/sites/default/files/migrated-files/en/Publications/LocalGovernment/Voting/FileDownLoad%2C1896%2Cen.pdf
Where can I find my Local Polling Station?
The location of Polling Stations are reviewed in the run-up to any election/referendum.
Find your Polling Station location
I sent in a 'Change of Address form' (RFA3) yet I am still listed at my previous address?
Once the Register comes into force on 15th February each year it cannot be amended. Your details will be changed in the background and if an election/referendum is called during the life of the Register you will not receive a polling card for your previous address.
I have changed address after the Register came into force on 15th February, can I be included on the Register at my new address if an Election/Referendum is called?
I am on the Register and have now become an Irish Citizen after the Register came into force on 15th February, can my citizenship be changed on the Register if an Election/Referendum is called?
You can complete an application form (RFA5) for inclusion in the Supplement to the Register of Electors, having the form witnessed at a Garda Station and must attach evidence of your Irish citizenship, for example, a copy of your Certificate of Naturalisation or the relevant page in your Irish Passport.
I applied to be included on the Supplement but cannot see myself on line?
The Supplement is only put up on line after the closing date for inclusion.
An Election/Referendum is called and I am not registered, can I vote?
No. You must be on the Register to be able to vote.
What does Election type mean?
Presidential : Resident Irish citizens can vote in Referendum or
Presidential Election, Dáil Elections, European
Elections and Local Elections.
Dáil: Resident British citizens (D) can vote in Dáil
Elections, European Elections and Local Elections.
European: Resident EU citizens (E) can vote in European
Local: Resident Non-EU citizens (L) can vote in Local
Elections.
*as indicated on the register.
Where can I get a copy of the Register?
The full Register of Electors is not available to the public - this is due to legal requirements in relation to personal confidentiality. However, the Edited Register is available from Dún Laoghaire-Rathdown County Council for a fee. For more information on the Edited Register, please see "I am concerned that my details will be available to others and I will receive junk mail "in this FAQ.
I am concerned that my details will be available to others and I will receive junk-mail?
Since 2004, registration authorities are required to publish two versions of the Register - the Full Register and the Edited Register. The full register lists everyone who is entitled to vote and can only be used for an electoral or other statutory purpose. The edited Register contains the names and addresses of persons whose details can be used for a purpose other than an electoral or other statutory purpose e.g. direct marketing use by a commercial or other organisation. To ensure your details are not included on the Edited Register, choose the 'opt-out box' on the registration form.
I have mislaid my polling card. Can I still vote?
The polling card is not mandatory for voting. However, even if you have received a polling card, you will need to bring one of the following documents as proof of identification:
A current Driving Licence
An Employee identity card containing a photograph
A student identity card issued by an educational institution and containing a photograph
A Travel document containing name and photograph
A Bank or Savings or Credit Union book containing address
A temporary Residence Certificate card
A cheque card*
A credit card*
A birth certificate*
A marriage certificate*
*The last 4 items must be accompanied by a further document which established the address of the holder in the constituency or local electoral area.
If I am abroad while the Register is being compiled, can I continue to remain on the Register even though I am not residing at my home address?
You can remain on the Register if you intend to return to your residence within 18 months.
Who are my Current Local Councillors?
List of Current Local Councillors:
http://ecouncil.dlrcoco.ie:9071/mgMemberIndex.aspx?VW=TABLE&PIC=1&FN=ALPHA
What categories of information does AIE cover?
There are six categories of information available as follows:
the state of the elements of the environment e.g. air, water, soil, land, landscape, biological diversity
factors affecting, or likely to affect, the elements of the environment, e.g. energy, noise, radiation, waste and other releases into the environment
measures designed to protect the elements of the environment e.g. policies, legislation, plans, programs, environmental agreements
reports on the implementation of environmental legislation
analyses and assumptions used within the framework of measures designed to protect the environment
the state of human health and safety, the food chain, cultural sights and built structures in as much as they may be affected by the elements of the environment.
Under the mandate of legislation, we must refuse to give you access to environmental information on the following grounds:
information supplied by a third party voluntarily
material the disclosure of which would make it more likely that the environment to which such material related would be damaged
confidentiality of the proceedings of public authorities.
Under the AIE Regulations we may refuse to give you access to information on certain grounds:
international relations, national defence or public security
the course of justice
commercial or industrial confidentiality
material in the course of completion
internal communications with public authorities
the request is considered to be unreasonable due to the volume or range of information sought or the request is too general.
How do I request information under the AIE Regulations?
When making a request for information under the AIE Regulations, you must:
submit your request in writing or electronic form and state that it is being made under the AIE Regulations
provide your contact details
state as clearly as possible the environmental information required
if you require the information in a specific format or manner of access, you should specify this in your request.
We are obliged to reply within one month of receipt of your application.
Please submit your application to:
Freedom of Information Officer
Corporate, Communications & Governance Department
Email: foi@dlrcoco.ie
Office tel: 01 2047053
Office email: foi@dlrcoco.ie
The AIE Regulations allow people access to environmental information held by or for public authorities which is not routinely available through other means.
The Freedom of Information Acts 1997 and 2003 operate in parallel with the AIE Regulations. This means that people can gain access to environmental information under the FOI Acts and the AIE Regulations
If you wish to access personal information held by the Council under the Data Protection legislation, please see the Data Protection Section
What is my Right of Appeal?
If you are not satisfied with the response to your request or if the Council fail to respond within the assigned timeframe, you can request an internal review of the matter. That review will be undertaken by an officer of the Council who was unconnected to the original decision. You must make your appeal within one month of receiving the original decision letter and the Council must respond to your appeal within one month of receipt of same.
Please submit your appeal to:
Corporate, Communications and Governance Department
What is the membership of the Community Development, Culture and Ageing SPC?
Councillors (Total: 12)
Emma Blain
Deirdre Donnelly
Mary Fayne
Karen Furlong
Mary Hanafin
Lynsey McGovern
Sorcha Nic Cormaic
Peter O'Brien (Chair)
Dave O'Keeffe
Patricia Stewart
Grace Tallon
Sectoral Representatives (Total: 6)
Environment/Conversation Sector (1)
- Selma Harrington (PPN)
Business/Commercial Sector (1)
- Vacancy (Awaiting replacement for Larry O'Connor (Chambers Ireland ))
Community/Voluntary Sector (2)
- Michele Relihan (PPN)
- Tom Conlon (PPN)
Social Inclusion Sector (2)
- Ann Cannon (PPN)
- Geraldine Graydon (PPN)
What is the membership of the Economic Development and Enterprise SPC?
Chris Curran
Kevin Daly
Liam Dockery
Kate Feeney
Melisa Halpin
Lettie McCarthy
Peter O'Brien
Shane O'Brien
Denis O'Callaghan
Barry Ward (Chair)
Environment/Conservation Sector (1)
- Miriam Hennessy (PPN)
Development/Construction Sector (1)
- Sean O'Neill (Chambers Ireland)
- Dr Josephine Browne (Chambers Ireland)
- Ann Marie Walsh (Chambers Ireland)
Trade Union Sector (1)
- Rosheen Callendar (ICTU)
- Aileen Eglinton (PPN)
- Fardus Sultan (PPN)
What is the membership of the Environment, Climate Change and Energy SPC?
Marie Baker
Jennifer Cuffe
Cormac Devlin
Hugh Lewis
Carron McKinney
Seamas O'Neill
Barry Saul
Carrie Smyth
Ossian Smyth (Chairperson)
Agriculture/Farming Sector (1)
- Denis Mulvey (IFA)
- Diarmuid McAree (PPN)
- Peter Clancy (Chambers Ireland)
- Errol Close (Chambers Ireland)
- Elizabeth Clooney (PPN)
- Marese Hegarty (PPN)
What is the membership of the Planning SPC?
Shay Brennan
Anne Colgan
Jim Gildea
Michael Merrigan (Chair)
Environmental/Conversation Sector (2)
- Goff Lalor (PPN)
- Rob Goodbody (PPN)
- Matt Gallagher (Chambers Ireland)
- Martin O'Donnell (Chambers Ireland)
- Kevin Fitzgerald (Chambers Ireland)
- Paul O'Callaghan (PPN)
- Veronica Heywood (PPN)
What is the membership of the Social Housing SPC?
John Bailey (Chair)
Deirdre Kingston
Michael Merrigan
Dónal Smith
Environment/Conservation Section (1)
- Terence Corish (PPN)
- Kathy Irwin (Chambers Ireland )
- Liz Ferris (Chambers Ireland )
- Jimmy Jordan (ICTU)
- Kieron Brennan (PPN)
- Gerladine Dunne (PPN)
- Catherine Kenny (PPN)
What is the membership of the Transportation and County Wide Movement SPC?
Shay Brennan (Chairperson)
Ossian Smyth
Barry Ward
- Keith Byrne (PPN)
- Clare Sullivan (PPN)
- Pat Neill (Chambers Ireland)
- Gregory Alken (Chambers Ireland )
- Tom Nolan (Chambers Ireland )
- Jim Colgan (PPN)
- John Nolan (PPN)
What type of information can I request access to?
You can request access to personal information held by Dún-Laoghaire Rathdown County Council about you regardless of when the information was created.
You can also gain access to other non-personal records created after 21st October 1998.
Some records are not immediately available under the FOI Act. Access may be restricted by certain exemptions or involve specific procedures and time limits.
Do I need to pay a fee when making a request under the FOI Act?
Whilst there is no fee for the initial FOI request, the Council may apply search, retrieval and copying fees, subject to thresholds set out in the Act. Please see the attached document entitled 'Freedom of Information Fees' for more info.
In line with Section 27 of the Act, charges may be applied for the time spent finding records and for any photocopying costs incurred in providing the material requested. Fees will not be charged in respect of personal records, except where a large number of records are involved. Fees for search, retrieval and copying of records are set in accordance with Statutory Instruments No 484 of 2014 as follows:
€ 20 per hour of search retrieval
€ 0.04 per sheet for a photocopy
€ 10 for a CD Rom
Fees and charges paid by money order or cheque should be made payable to Dún Laoghaire-Rathdown County Council.
Reductions and Waivers
A fee in respect of search, retrieval and copying of records will be waived where the cost does not exceed €100.
Does my request have to be in writing?
Requests must be made in writing and delivered by hand, post, email or fax. All requests should be addressed to:
Leonora Earls
DDI: 01 2047014
You must state that you are requesting the information under the Freedom of Information Acts.
Requests should contain sufficient information to enable us identify the records in question. They should also specify the format in which access to records is sought, for example photocopy of records, viewing of file, email etc.
If you choose to use our FOI Application Form please find it attached under the Related Documents heading above
Under Section 3 of the Data Protection Acts, you have a right to find out, free of charge, if the Council holds information about you. You also have the right to be given a description of the information and to be told the purpose(s) for holding your information. The Council must respond to your request under Section 3 within 21 days.
Under Section 4 of the Data Protection Acts, you have a right to get a copy of your personal information. This applies to all types of information e.g. written information, CCTV etc. You are entitled to know where the information was obtained, how it has been used and if it has been passed on to anyone else.
All requests for personal details must be made in writing, either by post, email or fax. You may be asked for evidence of your identity. This is to make sure that personal information is not given to the wrong person. Please address your request to:
Mr. Tom Mahon
Email: tmahon@dlrcoco.ie
In your request, you should give any details that will help the County Council to identify you and find your data e.g. any previous address and/or date of birth. Also, be clear about which details you are looking for if you are only looking for certain information.
You should receive these details within 40 days of your request.
Is there a right of appeal to the Data Protection Commissioner?
The Data Protection Commissioner
If you feel the Council is not respecting your data protection rights, you should contact us. If you are then not satisfied with our response, you may contact the Office of the Data Protection Commissioner – details as follows:
LoCall: 1890 252 231 Tel: 057 868 4800 Fax: 057 868 4757
Website: https://www.dataprotection.ie/docs/Home/4.htm
If you feel the Council is not respecting your data protection rights, you should contact the organisation's Data Protection Officer, Mr. Tom Mahon. If you are then not satisfied with our response, you may contact the Office of the Data Protection Commissioner – details as follows:
Who are the Designated Public Officials in Dún Laoghaire Rathdown County Council?
Please click here to view the 40 elected members of dlr county.
Please also see below the designated public officials of dlr:
Philomena Poole
Mary T Daly
Directorate of Corporate, Communications and Governance with responsibility for Meetings Administration, Facilities Management, Local Elections, Corporate Policy and Communications Office. This also includes Tourism and Twinning & IT.
Anne Devine
Directorate of Forward Planning and Infrastructure, including Cherrywood SDZ and Active Land Management.
Frank Austin
Directorate of Infrastructure and Climate Change with responsibility for the Capital Programme, Roads Planning, Property Management, Environment Planning and Enforcement.
Helena Cunningham
Directorate of Finance and Economic Development including Risk Management with responsibility for Payroll, Accounts Payable, Rates, Debt Management, Financial Management and Risk Management. Development and implementation of the Local Economic and Community Plan and Economic Development, including the LEO office.
Mary Henchy
Directorate of Planning and Human Resources with responsibility for Forward Planning, Development Management, and Building Control.
Catherine Keenan
Directorate of Housing with responsibility for Housing - Construction, Acquisition, Maintenance, Applications, Allocations, Rents, Loans and Grants, Traveller Accommodation Provision and Management.
Directorate of Municipal Services with responsibility for Parks, Sport, Heritage, Cemeteries, Events, Concerts, Village renewal, Beaches, Water Safety, Casual Trading, Road Sweeping, Roads Maintenance, Public Lighting, Traffic, Car Parking, Water and Drainage Services, Major Emergency Management, Machinery Yard.
Dearbhla Lawson
Directorate of Community and Cultural Development with responsibility for Community Development, Community Facilities, Estate Management, LCDC, PPN, Social Inclusion and JPCs Cultural Development, Library Services and Arts, Age Friendly, Creative Ireland, Children's Services and Music Generation.
What is the closing date for Grant Applications?
Applications can be received by hand or post up until 5pm on Friday 20th April 2018.
Applications by email will be accepted up until midnight on Friday 20th April 2018 - email address is grantschemes@dlrcoco.ie
I am liable for some years?
If you are liable there may be a penalty for late payment..
I paid NPPR but cannot remember details?
In order for us to assist locating a payment it is best to supply your PPS number and or the NPPR registration number which may have been emailed to you when you paid.
What is the Valuation Office?
The Valuation Office is the State property valuation agency. The core business of the Valuation Office is the provision of accurate, up to date valuations of commercial and industrial properties to ratepayers and rating authorities as laid down by statute (principally the Valuation Act 2001).
The Office also provides consultancy services to other Government Departments, Local Authorities, Health Boards and the Revenue Commissioners. For more information on the Valuation Office, please visit their website at http://www.valoff.ie/en/
Who is liable to pay Rates?
The occupier on the date on which the rate is made is primarily liable for the full year's rates.
However, if a property is vacant, the owner or person "entitled to occupy" on the date the rate is made is liable for payment of the rates but will qualify for a refund of the rates paid subject to satisfying certain specified criteria which are outlined on the Vacancy Terms & Conditions Checklist.
Please visit our dedicated page to Commercial Rates Vacancy Refunds for more information.
What does "Rate is made" mean?
Each year, following the Annual Budget meeting, the Rate books for the County are prepared and are available for inspection by the public for 14 days. After the 14 days the rate is made by the Chief Executive and the seal of the Council is fixed to the Rate books. This would generally happen late January/early February each year. The date the Rate is made is advertised in the media each year.
If a property is vacant on the day the rate is made and is available for letting or undergoing refurbishment the rates must still be paid to the Council. The Ratepayer may get a rates refund provided the full year's rates have been paid and certain conditions have been met.
The Ratepayer will need to complete a Rates Vacancy Application Form statutory undertaking and provide documentary evidence of his/her attempts to let or refurbish the property.
For 2015 and 2016, the refund available is limited to 75% of the rates, for 2017, 2018 and 2019 the refund is limited to 50%.
For 2020, the refund available is a maximum of 35% of the rates assessed for that year.
The "Annual Rate on Valuation" (formerly known as "the rate in the pound"), is in effect a multiplier, and it is determined by the Council at its Annual Budget Meeting. The "rate" is then made by the Chief Executive following a public notification process. The annual rate on valuation for 2020 is €0.1732. Both the valuation and ARV are shown on your rates bill and a sample calculation would be as follows:
Rateable Valuation x Annual Rate of Valuation = Rates
eg. €100,000 x €0.1732 = €17,320.00
You can pay your rates in monthly instalments over the course of one year by completing our Direct Debit Mandate Form.
Telephone 01 2054821 or 01 2054339 (maximum amount €5,000).
At the Council's Offices in Dún Laoghaire and Dundrum using a Credit or Debit card. Maximum amount is €5,000.
If you are experiencing difficulty in paying your bill in full please contact us at 01 2054339 or by e-mail at dlrcoco.ie
Please note that Cash is not accepted at the Council's offices nor should it be sent through the post.
It is up to the new occupier to ensure that all rates, including the current year's rates and all other liabilities are paid before the closing of a sale or the assignment of a lease of any rateable property.
Is there a duty on owners to notify the Local Authority of a change in occupation of rateable property?
From the 1st of July 2014 under Section 32 of the Local Government Reform Act 2014, owners of rateable property are required to notify the relevant local authority when there is a change in the occupation of their property i.e. where a property is being sold or there is a change in occupier including where a property becomes vacant. Owners must complete a Section 32 Form within 14 days of the change taking place. Owners who do not notify the local authority within 14 days will incur a financial penalty. This penalty is an amount equivalent to up to two years of outstanding rates from the previous occupier. Any penalty due and outstanding by an owner of relevant property due to non-notification will remain a charge on the property.
All ratepayers are reminded that they are legally required to pay all commercial rates due from them prior to their departure from a property or prior to the sale or transfer of an interest in a property. Any rates due and outstanding by an owner of relevant property will remain a charge on the property.
What can I do if I am unhappy with my rateable valuation?
If you are not happy with the rateable valuation on your property, you may apply in writing to the Commissioner of Valuation to have the valuation of the property revised. However, you may only apply for a revision of valuation where there is a physical material change to the property, for example, increase/decrease in floor area. The application must be accompanied by a fee. The current fee for listing a property is €250.00.
The Rating Authority may also request a revision of the valuation of a property. The Commissioner of Valuation may also initiate revisions of valuation, see http://www.valoff.ie/en/
What happens if I request a revision of rateable valuation?
A Valuer (called a Revision officer) from the Valuation Office will call to assess your property. Where possible the Revision Officer will make contact prior to the inspection to arrange an appointment. Once the property is inspected, the Revision Officer will send you a draft certificate containing the proposed valuation and other details of your property.
If you are unhappy with the valuation or other details on this draft certificate you may make representations to the Revision Officer within 28 day of the issuing of the draft certificate, see http://www.valoff.ie/en/
What are the contact details of the Valuation Office?
Valuation Office Ireland
Irish Life Centre
Abbey Street Lower
Phone General Queries: (01) 817 1000
e-mail: info@valoff.ie
Website: http://www.valoff.ie/en/
What if I am still unhappy with my revised valuation?
The Entry Year Property Levy is a charge which the Local Authority applies to all newly erected or newly constructed properties pending the levying of commercial rates. It has been introduced for the first time in 2007 under the Local Government (Business Improvement Districts) Act 2006, which was enacted on the 24th December 2006.
Are there financial supports available to ratepayers in Dun Laoghaire Rathdown County Council?
The Council are operating two business support schemes for eligible ratepayers.
The Business Support Scheme 2020 - 4% to 10% of Rates Bill for Eligible Ratepayers provides for the payment of a grant to eligible businesses up to10% of their 2017 rates bill subject to a maximum of €800.This grant will benefit businesses located in the County whose rates account was assessed at €10,000 or less for 2017. It will not be necessary for eligible businesses to apply for the support scheme payment.
In addition to this, the Local Enterprise Office promotes a range of financial supports to qualifying businesses based in Dun Laoghaire Rathdown County. These include;
The Occupation of Vacant Commercial Premises Scheme which was established to encourage new businesses to occupy commercial premises, that have been vacant for a period exceeding 6 months. The Scheme is applicable to subject premises which have a rates valuation of no more than €60,000.
The Shop Front Improvement Scheme which is an initiative to improve the overall appearance of shop fronts and commercial properties that front onto public streets within Dún Laoghaire-Rathdown. Business owners of existing independent shops in the County are eligible to apply for assistance. The Council will cover up to 50% of the shop front cost with a maximum allowable grant of €3,000 per applicant.
Details of these and other financial supports are available at https://www.localenterprise.ie/DLR/Financial-Supports/
Who is not liable for Commercial Rates?
Under Schedule 4 of the Valuation Act 2001 the following are classed as non-rateable and would therefore have no Commercial Rates due on them;
Not for profit Organisations
> Caring for sick people
> Schools/Colleges
> Art Galleries/Museums
Charitable Organisations (with the exception of Charity Shops)
Parks & Outdoors
Civic, Amenities & Urban Design
Architecture Projects & Case Studies
dlr Events
dlr architects
dlr Arts
Local Enterprise Office
Natural and Built Heritage
dlr Libraries
Funding and Opportunities
Municipal Gallery & dlr Baths Studios
Public Art & Art Collections
Social Development & Inclusion
Litter control & cleansing
Environment Programmes
Environment Licences
Environment Bye Laws
Environment Fines
Environment Awareness & Education
Heritage Plans & Policies
Conservation - Built Heritage
Housing Provision- Applicants
Housing Loans, Rents & Tenant Purchase Scheme
dlr Pitches
County Development Plans
Public Consultations - Part 8 schemes
Planning Legislation, Regulation & Guidelines
Planning Fees & Charges
Capital Programme 2019-2021


Hand reamers are used to enlarge a previously drilled or bored hole and will cut to within a tolerance of +0.0005″ of the tool size. Hand reamers have a square at the end of the shank, similar to a hand tap. The reamer can be turned with standard tap wrench or even an adjustable hand wrench and can also be driven by many Tap/Reamer chucks and heads which use the square end for positive drive.


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What Future Do we Want?
Ethical Perspectives and Legacy of Recent Civil Disobedience Protests
Living Rights Then and Now
MARL News
*This is an opinion paper, therefore the views and opinions expressed in this article are those of the author and not necessarily reflect those of MARL.
The beginning of this year presented itself in a ghastly and unprecedented way, suddenly submerging us in a multitude of critical societal issues, and subsequently posing upon us a variety of fundamental questions. Putting aside alarming matters of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, so far the most divisive annual events for Canada remain, arguably, the aftermath of civil disobedience protests associated with the construction of a Coastal GasLink natural gas pipeline through the traditional lands of the Wet'suwet'en First Nation in Northwestern BC.
Latently, the dispute between oil and gas industries, Indigenous communities, and governments has been ongoing for many years. This mentioned dispute opposes rather essential matters of various benefits of a $6.2 billion industrial investment against rather sacred matters of Indigenous rights and Indigenous sovereignty. The fact that federal and BC governments have reached a proposed arrangement with the Wet'suwet'en Nation to recognize its hereditary governance system while deferring resolution to the pipeline dispute confirmed that apples were not compared to apples. The lack of "free, prior, and informed consent" of Indigenous Peoples in the court decision, as it was expressed by regional Chief for British Columbia Terry Teegee poses the question: was fair justice achieved? Among all the complexity and diversity of opinions expressed, this event suddenly snatched many of us out of stereotypically comfortable complacency, and unambiguously demanded to carefully reexamine our understanding and acceptance of multiculturalism and rights of Indigenous peoples.
The protest marches and blockades are over, paint was carefully scrubbed from walls, windows, and monuments, but the question of how to assess such desperate action remains. Should we gauge it concerning human rights or descension into anarchy? How does it reflect our national integrity: are we a whole, divided, or broken nation after all? As a society, striving for justice, equity, and reconciliation, what lessons can we learn and take into the future?
Considering earnestly, "Is this the future you want?"- a query spray-painted on the Canadian Museum for Human Rights during different civil disobedience protests - I suggest that John Rawls's theory of justice, together with Leonard Swidler's dialogue principles, offer helpful perspectives for our argument.
For instance, a leading feature of Rawls's theory of justice is the priority it gives to the right over the good. The author defended a state which remained neutral to different ways of life, while promoting, in its economic policies, the well-being of the least advantaged. For him, claims based on the rights of individuals always trumps over claims based on the "good that would result to them, or to others, from violating those rights." In other words, "the loss of freedom for some" can never be "made right by a greater good shared by others."
No matter how attractive, therefore, benefits (i.e., contracting and employment, community programs, training and educational opportunities) for the Indigenous communities along the pipeline route may appear, they should never be offered as a bargaining chip. Overcoming existing disparities, following Rawls's theory, should be a standing matter of government's economic policies and should not depend on the outcomes of the Coastal GasLink dispute.
Still, the pipeline conflict was not about "money interests vs. money interests" or "land titles vs. land titles", but the Coastal GasLink interests were opposed to Wet'suwet'en governance and the nation's right to its traditional territory. In other words, the conflict appeared to be constructed on two remote monologues instead of one equal dialogue.
Moving forward, how then we can reassure that an equal dialogue happens every time? According to Swidler, dialogue is a conversation on the same subject between two or more parties with differing views. The purpose of equal dialogue is to learn from the other so that she or he can change and grow. According to Swidler's ten principles of dialogue, each participant must come to the discussion with complete honesty and sincerity (third principle). "Honesty and sincerity" means full disclosure of "major and minor thrusts" and informed consent based upon such disclosure. Hence, the tentative arrangement between Wet'suwet'en hereditary chiefs and senior government ministers acknowledged the land title rights, as parties still disagree on how to move forward with the controversial pipeline.
Equal dialogue should not impose one's worldviews on those who have reached conclusions different than one's own. Likewise, participants must enter the dialogue without any preconceptions as to where the points of disagreement lie (sixth principle). There may be a point where a participant cannot agree without going against one's own principle position; that is the real point of disagreement—which most often turns out to be different from the assumed ahead of time.
It is crucial, therefore, to have a healthy level of self-criticism. A lack of such criticism implies that one's stance has all the answers, thus making dialogue not only unnecessary but unfeasible (ninth principle). We are still healing from our colonial past, and our journey towards reconciliation is still far from over. Unsurprisingly, recent findings of the National Post's poll displayed that 69% of Canadians deem themselves to be a "broken nation." To move forward, we must accept this as awareness- even an unpleasant one- and not try to deny it. As the primary purpose of dialogue is to learn, it is impossible if participants never made a misstep.
We must accept that these issues are ones on which people of goodwill can agree and disagree, and refrain to willingly or unwillingly impose their own doctrines on others. Then, we may agree that the reached resolution between the hereditary chiefs of the Wet'suwet'en nation in British Columbia and the federal and provincial ministers is a fundamental step that should be taken before any further concerns over a controversial natural gas pipeline project may be resolved.
One way or another, all conflicts are toxic, and there is never genuinely a winning or, contrarily, genuinely losing side. We are all often left hurt, and more so in Canadian society, where many are still healing from events associated with a colonial past. Needless to say, though, the noted instances of hate speech and death threats directed at the protesters are intrinsically intolerable. Ultimately, a sobering awakening arose, shifting illusory glossiness of an internationally accepted image of a country, ranked as #1 for the quality of life into an unpleasant picture of a broken nation. Some refused to accept brokenness as a piece of awareness, reaffirming instead that we're well and Canada "is not broken". In reality, we must recognize and fully accept our faultiness and our brokenness in order to move forward with the dialogue as equals. In the words of Bryan Stevenson, "We have a choice. We can embrace our humanness, which means embracing our broken natures and the compassion that remains our best hope for healing. Or we can deny our brokenness, forswear compassion, and, as a result, deny our own humanity."
by Stefan Bilynsky bilynsky@msn.com
Stefan is a MA in Bioethics & Health Policy student at Loyola University Chicago. Lives and works in Winnipeg, MB.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Wheat Exports Australia (WEA) was an Australian government agency that regulated the export of bulk wheat through the bulk Wheat Export Accreditation Scheme ("the Scheme"). The Wheat Export Marketing Amendment Act 2012 was passed by parliament on 29 November 2012, abolishing Wheat Exports Australia

The WEA was established on 1 July 2008 under the Wheat Export Marketing Act 2008 ("the Act").
It succeeded the Export Wheat Commission.

References

External links
 Archived website http://wayback.archive-it.org/3413/20121204151214/http://www.wea.gov.au/

 Wheat Export Marketing Act 2008
 Wheat Export Accreditation Scheme 2008
 ACCC - Port Terminal Access Undertakings
 Productivity Commission Report on Australia's Wheat Export Marketing Arrangements 2010
 Wheat Export Marketing Amendment Bill 2012
 House of Representatives - Wheat Export Marketing Amendment Bill 2012
 Department of Agriculture Fisheries and Forestry - Wheat

Defunct government entities of Australia
2012 disestablishments in Australia
Organizations disestablished in 2012
Grain industry of Australia
Foreign trade of Australia
Export

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


AV Cryptocurrency arbitrage refers to the process of instantly trading one or more pairs of digital tokens or other cryptocurrency assets denominated in USD in order to generate risk-free profit. Macroaxis provides an easy way to lookup arbitrage opportunities across multiple exchanges using arbitrage table for a given base currency.
Unable to build a meaningful arbitrage cloud for AV with USD as a base currency. Please select another coin or pick a different base currency. Avatar Coin is a pure Proof of Stake cryptocurrency with high staking rewards of 100 percent APY.. Avatar Coin is is one of many evolving digital currencies in which encryption is used to regulate the generation of units of currency and verify the transactions independently of a central authority. It is traded on few exchanges including Yobit in multiple currencies such as RUR, DOGE, USD, BTC and othersWAVES.


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The student organisations have several mailing lists that function fully in English.
If you are unsure which lists you should join, contact tyy-internationalspecialist@utu.fi.
TYY International mailing list for international students
Tyy-international is a general mailing list for all the international students who study at the University of Turku. Through this list, we keep you up to date on current issues that concern students, inform you about the events at the campus and in Turku in general and also distribute information about for example job offers or internships, language studies, culture and sports oportunities.
► Join TYY International mailing list here
With the link below you can join the Tyyali mailing list. By joining, you'll receive a weekly newsletter in Finnish plus other important information a few times a year.
► Join TYYali-list (regular newsletter in Finnish)
To unsubscribe from the mailing lists
If you want to unsubscribe from the mailing lists, please click the link of the mailing lists you want to unsuscribe from, scroll down to "To unsubscribe..." and follow the guidelines.
Akateeminen purjehdusseura (Academic yacht club)
Akateeminen purjehdusseura (Academic yacht club) is place to start sailing, continue sailing or hook up with sailors.We have courses teaching how to sail and the sailing trips vary from evening trips for several week long voyages.Contact us through Akateeminen.PurjehdusSeura@gmail.com
Anglica ry (English students)
Anglica ry is the student organization for English students at the University of Turku. We are the people who love speaking English! Besides English majors, our members also include for example minor and international students. We provide help, information and tutoring on all aspects of university life, function as a bridge between the students and the staff, and organize all kinds of awesome events and parties. You can find out more about us from our website www.anglica.org. We are also on Facebook (Anglica ry), Twitter (@anglicautu) and Instagram (@anglicautu)!
Asteriski ry
Asteriski ry is the student organisation for computer science students at University of Turku. Founded in 1972, we have over 300 members in our organization, making it vast and diverse. This is seen in our free time activity which we have all kinds of. From epic parties to playing sports together with other student organizations to having sauna-nights together, we pretty much have everything for everyone. We can be easily reached via email asteriski@utu.fi or just come visit us at our office. Our office is located at Agora on the K-1 floor, room K135A/B. We share it with Digit ry, which is the student organization for Information Technology. You can find us on Instagram (@asteriski_ry) and Facebook (Asteriski ry). Find out more about us from our website www.asteriski.fi.
The Black Swans Futures Studies Students of Turku (Black Swans for short) was originally founded in 2015 to offer Futures Studies students at the Turku School of Economics a hands-on approach to applying what they study. The student organization wing of the Black Swans capacitates our members with the transferrable skills of a Futurist to take flight in student-led foresight projects and professional development. This same wing sustains our course through the volatile, uncertain, complex, and ambiguous (VUCA) world in which we study with traditions and activities that lifts our flock of futures studies students. The other wing of the Black Swans, our Futures Research Consulting private business entity, allows our students to dive into the real-world application of foresight and strategic planning through contractible workshops and other services. You can find out more about us on our webpage and by following our social medias:
https://blackswansfsst.wordpress.com/
https://www.facebook.com/blackswansfsst/
https://www.instagram.com/blackswans.frc/
https://www.linkedin.com/company/black-swans-fsst/
CIA TuKY (Economics students)
CIA TuKY (Committee for International Affairs) is the association that takes care of international Economics students in Turku. However, CIA's activities are open for everyone that's wishes to have a good time and loves the International atmosphere. We organize awesome events that connect international and Finnish students and do lobbying in Turku School of Economics in behalf of non-Finnish students. If you have any worries or questions, please contact us. CIA TuKY offers also plenty of opportunities to have fun and meet new people. For example, a cottage weekend in the autumn and Hustle, which is
a fancier party, near Christmas. For Finnish students CIA TuKY offers information about studying and working abroad. Go check us out in the social medias below and we hope to see you all in our upcoming events. Stay tuned!
www.facebook.com/CIAT uKY
Instagram: cia_tuky
Twitter: CIA TuKY
Collegium Musicum Turku
Collegium Musicum Turku is a student symphony orchestra that comprises mostly university students from all faculties. The orchestra is conducted by Satu Simola. Every year CMT gives spring and autumn concerts and an Advent concert in December. We are now looking for new musicians to join us! Rehearsals are held on Tuesday nights. We look forward to having you as part of our orchestra! Intrested? Contact us for more information: hallitus@cmtorkesteri.fi
our website: www.cmtorkesteri.fi
Facebook: @Collegium Musicum Turku
Instagram: @cmtorkesteri
Delta ry
Delta ry is an association for students of mathematical and physical sciences in the University of Turku. It's activities are diverse. Delta seeks to support its members in matters of studies, familiarise students with each other, to be a link between the staff and the students, and to organise imaginative.
events. Parties, game nights, sauna evenings, sitsit and other events are being organised throughout the year. Excursions and cultural events take place on a regular basis. We also have our own paper, Potenssi, which comes out 4 times a year. The only way to get a complete picture of our association is through participation: so join in!
Digit ry
Digit ry is the organisation of information technology students at the University of Turku (we are what we call a "teekkarikilta" in Finnish). We have almost 200 members and as a students' organisation we're quite young; Digit was founded in 1999. We are, however, the oldest students' organisation for tech students in the University of Turku. Because we are a young and a relatively small students' organisation, Digit is a very dynamic and versatile organisation with active connections to other students' organisations here in Turku as well as in other student cities in Finland. We offer a large variety of different events and free-time activites such as sauna-nights, beer pong tournaments, parties, a few clubs (such as a board game club and a coding club) and sports events. Our guildhouse (=office) is located at Agora on the bottom floor,room K135A/B. We share our guildhouse with Asteriski, the student organisation for computer science students.
EGEA Turku ry (Geography students)
EGEA Turku ry is an entity of an organisation called EGEA (European Geography Association – for Students and Young Geographers). All geography students and other people just interested in geography are welcomed. EGEA Turku ry arranges short exchanges with other EGEA entities all over Europe. We also have meetings every month and occasional casual member hang-arounds. There is also lots of different activities everywhere in Europe, for example congresses and fun cultural weekends. More info can be found on the website: egea.eu. If you are interested in joining us, contact "turku@egea.eu". You can also join our Facebook-group "EGEA Turku" and show up to our meetings! P.S. Follow our Instagram account "egea_turku" to see what fun stuff we have been doing lately.
Elsa Turku (Law Students)
ELSA, aka European Law Students' Association is the largest international organisation of Law students and young lawyers. The purpose of ELSA is to increase the bordercrossing interaction of Law students and to increase the knowledge and understanding of foreign jurisdictions and cultures. The local organisations, such as ELSA Turku, ELSA Rovaniemi, ELSA Helsinki and ELSA Joensuu, organise activities ranging from visits to wine evenings, and they handle the mediation of internship positions at their locations. Larger events include bilateral exchange visits with foreign members of ELSA and National Council Meetings, in which ELSA people from different parts of Finland can share their experiences. Further information on ELSA can be found at the organisation's webpages.
ESN Uni Turku mailing list
The list of the Erasmus student network informs about events that ESN organises and about other current affairs and events and is mainly for exchange students, but both the list, as well as the events ESN organises, are open to all internationally-minded students.
► Join the ESN Uni Turku mailing list
FiMSIC (Medical students)
FiMSIC (Finnish Medical Students' International Committee) is officially the International Committee of the Finnish Medical Student's Association, but in practice it is independently responsible for the international issues of Medical students. Through the exchange programmes of IFMSA (International Federation of Medical Students' Associations) and FiMSIC, each year 20–30 exchange students arrive at Turku, in addition to which FiMSIC is also responsible for the leisure activities of other Medical exchange students, together with TLKS. In addition to student exchange activities, FiMSIC has diversified project operation, including those related to global health and development cooperation. The activities are open to all interested, and Turku FiMSIC can be reached at lc_turku@fimsic.org and at their webpages.
Germanica ry (German students)
Germanica ry is the German students' student organization in the University of Turku. We are a small but active organization, and we welcome anyone with interest in the German language and culture. We organize some of the best student parties in Turku, and also smaller activities such as movie nights
and sport events. We also organize a few times a semester a coffee break session, where it is easy to gather around and make new international friends. If you want to join us and visit our magnificent events, contact our mailing list or send a message in Facebook, or just appear in one of our events. We are happy to welcome you to Germanica! You can find us on Facebook: www.facebook.com/germanicaturku and on our website:tyyala.utu.fi/germanica. You can also send email to us: germanica-hallitus@lists.utu.fi
Hybridi is an umbrella organisation for the 8 different student organisations in the Faculty of Science and Engineering. The purpose of Hybridi is to maintain and improve the interests and cooperation of these organisations, butalso to manage the relations to Student Union (TYY), its branch organisations
and the student members in different positions on the faculty. We also organise different kinds of events of our own for the students in our faculty. For the international students we have a great recommendation: Join the student organisation of your own field of study! This way you will integrate well into the
Finnish student life and get valuable contacts and friends. Visit our website for further information and to discover the student organisation associated with your field. Contact information is listed for every organisation but if you have any questions, don't hesitate to contact us.
Website: hybridi.fi
Email: hybridi@utu.fi
Facebook and Instagram: Hybridi ry
Index ry
Index is an umbrella organization for students in social and educational sciences. Index gathers all the students in different majors under the social and educational sciences and organizes events such as parties, excursions and casual hangouts. Anyone who's studying social and educational sciences is
welcome to join our events!
ISHA (International Students of History Association)
ISHA (International Students of History Association) represents history students at the University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University. The organisation aims at creating contacts between history students from different countries, thus breaking the limits of history in the favour of a more international view. ISHA promotes cooperation between students interested in the same areas of history and provides international publication channels for history students. If your exchange students study history, you should encourage them to contact ISHA. We arrange pub quizzes, game nights and sitting parties. We welcome everybody who are interested to our events. Further information on the activities of ISHA can be obtained by mail from the
board Ishahallitus@utu.fi
ISTU mailing list for degree students
While the events ESN organises are mainly focused on exchange students, there is also an oragnisation for international degree students. International Students of Turku Universities - ISTU ry is intended primarily for international degree students at the University of Turku, Åbo Akademi, and TUAS.
► Join ISTU mailing list
IVA ry
In Vitro Aboensis IVA ry is a student organization for students of Biomedicine, Drug Discovery and Development and Biomedical Imaging. Our aim is to provide services for our members and protect their student rights. We also help our members with problems they may face during studies and try to enhance their welfare. We collaborate with other student societies throughout the year to organize events which all students can attend. In addition, we organize other activities for our members, such as board game nights and sports events. For more information, please visit: tyyala.utu.fi/iva.
Facebook @invitroaboensis
Instagram @invitroaboensis
You can also reach us by email: iva@utu.fi
Katko
Katko ry is the student organization for Education students in the University of Turku. Katko is a mixture of three majors: Adult education, Education and Special Education. We organize lots of events during the year for example parties, casual hang arounds and sport events. You are warmly welcome to join Katko and we hope to meet you in our events! You can follow us on social media:
Facebook: Katko ry
Instagram: katkory
and send e-mail: katko@utu.fi
Lex ry (Law students)
Lex ry is the law students' association at the University of Turku. We organize various activities such as parties and other events and promote our members' interests. We also have international events a couple of times a year to offer a possibility for local and international students to get to know each other.
You can find more information about us on our website: https://lex.fi/english
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/LexTurku/
Instagram: lexturku
Mañana ry (Spanish students)
Mañana ry is the student organization for Spanish students at the University of Turku. Our members are mainly Spanish majors but everybody is as welcome to any of our events or to be a member. In fact, we've had exchange students as active members already! One of the most famous events we organize is the famous Fiesta Latina each semester. Another tradition of ours is the sitz and after party with the Día de los Muertos topic. Our events that embrace Spanish and Latin cultures have been very popular among international students and we definitely hope to see you all very soon! Don't forget to follow us on Facebook (Mañana ry) and Instagram (manana_ry) to find out about our activities. ¡Hasta pronto!
Nucleus ry
Nucleus ry is the organization of biotechnical engineering and food development students at the University of Turku. We have about 100 members and we are one of the four engineering students' organizations in Turku. Part of Nucleus' function is to represent students in study issues and to be a link between the students and the personnel of the department. Nucleus also organizes leisure-time activities such as sports, culture and parties to its members. Because of our small size many of our events are held with other student organizations in Turku. We also have close connections to other biotechnical engineering students' organizations in Finland with whom we have a common annual event called Rekombionaatio.
► Mailing list: bioteek@lists.utu.fi
P-Klubi
Turun yliopiston Politiikan tutkimuksen klubi ry (P-klubi) is an association for students studying Contemporary History and Political Science at Turku University. P-klubi focuses on arranging various activities for its members. These activities consist of parties, discussionnights on current political topics, sports and cultural activities, student trips etc. P-klubi is also active in international and domestic students' association relations. P-klubi is one of the 15 founding members of IAPSS, the International Association for Political Science Students. We are also a member of ISHA, the International Students of History Association.
Pulterit ry
Pulterit ry is Turku University's and Åbo Akademi's geology students' joint bilingual organization. Its duties include taking care of its members' student rights and looking after their mental and physical wellbeing. Pulterit ry organises many events throughout the study term including geology based activities, parties, a weekly sport shift and many other recreational events. It also publices organisation's own magazine called Iskos twice a year. All in all the organisation acts as a great support network for its members in the midst of busy student life. If you are interested in joining or want to ask more questions you can contact us at pulterithal@utu.fi. More information can also be found from organisation's official web page http://www.pulterit.utu.fi. English version of this page is still under construction but will be added in the near future.
The Savo-Karelian Nation of the University of Turku (also known as SKO)
The Savo-Karelian Nation of the University of Turku (also known as SKO) is one of the university's student nations (FIN 'osakunta'). Founded in 1925, our members were originally from the Eastern Finnish provinces of Savonia, Karelia and Kymenlaakso. Nowadays we are open to students from all parts of
the world regardless of what they study, but we still maintain many regional traditions in addition to organizing more modern activities. If you're interested in trying out Karelian pies or 'kalakukko', maybe attending a meeting of our red wine club or trying out the traditional Finnish sport of 'kyykkä', or perhaps
just want to join us for a cup of coffee between lectures at the comfy couches of our common room; come check us out! We have many clubs and other activities for our members, so there's something for everyone.
Synapsi ry
Join the mailing list or ask via e-mail if you are interested in what happens in Synapsi ry, the subject organisation for biology and geography students. We have for example weekly sports class, board game evenings and other fun stuff! E-mails about upcoming events are posted few times a month.
► Join Synapsi´s mailing list
TLKS ry (Medical students)
TLKS ry is a student organization for medical students at the University of Turku. TLKS provides services and different kinds of events for its members and also protects their student rights. In addition to that we organize our own events and activities, we also cooperate
with other student organizations. To get medical exchange students better included to our organizations actions, we arrange international events where exchange students and Finnish medical students can easily get to know each other. You can find us on social media:
Facebook: Turun
lääketieteenkandidaattiseura
Instagram: tlksry
Turku University Choir
Turku University Choir is a mixed choir of around 70 singers. Though most of the singers are students from University of Turku, Åbo Akademi and Turku University of Applied Sciences, the choir is open for everyone of age. In addition, a great number of exchange students have sung in the choir. The choir performs in a multitude of languages and our versatile repertoire is mainly built of a variety of a Capella pieces from the Renaissance to the twenty-first century, not forgetting our speciality - the traditional academic songs and drinking songs. The choir makes regular appearances in concerts several times a year. Auditions are held twice a year, at the beginning of each semester. We welcome everyone interested in choir singing. See you in the auditions!
Turun Eurooppanuoret Turku European Youth
► Join the mailing list here
Tutka (Science Fiction Culture Cabinet at the University of Turku)
Tutka (Science Fiction Culture Cabinet at the University of Turku) is the science fiction and fantasy club of the University of Turku. Its primary target group are the students of Turku university, but anyone interested is welcomed to join. Tutka shares an office and a clubhouse called Terrakoti with five other geek societies, located at Student House B. On Terrakoti Tutka arranges movie nights, parties and other events for its members. One such is a weekly gathering of fans which is held every Thursday from 6 PM and is open to everyone. You can find information on Tutka's activities as well as the location of Terrakoti on our webpages at tieteiskulttuurikabinetti.fi and terrakoti.net.
TVO – Turun yliopiston Varsinaisuomalainen Osakunta TVO, commonly known as Tevis, is a voluntary non-profit student organization that has developed into a legendary meeting place and a diverse club located right next to concert hall Logomo in Köydenpunojankatu 14, across the Turku railyard. For the last few decades we have been known mainly, in the student and cultural life in Turku, for managing various freetime activities along with our annual academic festives. Our primary activity is organizing weekly gigs at our club. The musical diversity of our gigs is as varied as the people that form TVO: ranging from rap music to death metal and from finnish folk rock to hard core punk via electronic music. We also do other freetime activities such as game evenings, spoken word gatherings, occasional movie premieres and trips. We also lend our club premises to the use of other student clubs, organizations and private persons.TVO is a varied bunch of academic and non-academic people that are keen about keeping the student and cultural scene of Turku in shape. After all, we were voted among the top 5 clubs to go in Turku by City magazine last year (2017).
TYK ry
We are the student organisation for the Chemistry and Biochemistry students of the University of Turku: Turun Yliopiston Kemistit ry or just TYK ry. TYK ry is the
oldest student organisation in University of Turku and was founded in 1935. Our aim is to work as a bridge between the students and the staff as well as the students and TYY. We are an active organisation and we arrange various activities for our members, such as parties, movie nights, board game nights, sport events, members' sauna and many other events. You are warmly welcome to come visit and join us at our office in Arcanum! Feel free to browse our website and social media for more information about us and our events.
Website: www.tykry.fi
Contact: international@tykry.fi
FB: https://www.facebook.com/tykry/
IG: https://www.instagram.com/tyk_ry/
TYRMY
The University of Turku Metal Club TYRMY connects metal heads on campus and around Turku. Students are welcome from all majors and academic focuses as well as exchange students. The musical preferences of our members vary from classical heavy metal to brutal death metal and everything in between. TYRMY regularly organizes band nights, parties, sauna evenings, game nights and many other metal oriented events. TYRMY works with other Finnish academic metal clubs for example in organizing the annual academic heavy metal cruise.
TYRMY fb-group in Finnish:
facebook.com/groups/42328680691
University Chaplains
tiina.hallikainen@evl.fi
mia.pusa@evl.fi
UTU Debating Club
University of Turku Debating Club is one of the very few international student organisations at the University. The working language is English, which makes it ideal for both Finns and International students to engage in all the activities and of course get to know each other. The organization has successfully hosted international tournaments in Finland and members of the club have participated in some of the biggest tournaments of the continent. However, tournaments are not the only goal of the organisation and nobody is expected to participate unless he/she wants to. The other primary goals include the improvement of both oral and presentation skills, the promotion of democracy, dialogue and critical/logical thinking and the introduction of different types of argumentation in a safe environment. Official Website: www.utudebate.fi, Contact: utudebate@gmail.com.
Viva ry
Turku University Green Left
► viva_tiedotus@utu.fi
You can also join our Wings' mailing lists. The communication is mostly in both Finnish and English. Please send an e-mail to tyy-kvsihteeri@utu.fi and mention the list you want to join.
tyy-kehysiipi: development cooperation
tyy-kvsiipi: international affairs
tyy-ymparistosiipi: environmental affairs
tyy-yhdenvertaisuussiipi: equality issues


Scorching wildfires that are raging throughout the American south-west are being fueled by climate change and require new strategies from states to prevent ever-greater destruction of people's lives and property, a group of experts have warned.
High temperatures, drought and wind have combined to create a number of fires that have caused at least two deaths in California. The first large wildfire of the summer has this week broken out in northern California, burning through more than 1,200 acres and threatening thousands of homes in an area around 50 miles north-east of Sacramento.
Wildfire experts said there are numerous indicators that warming temperatures have contributed to the fires by drying out vegetation and soils and causing an earlier spring melt of snow. Trees are also less resilient to fire due to infestations of beetles, which thrive in warmer weather.
Over the past 30 years there has been a fourfold increase in the number of large forest fires in the American west, while the fire season has grown by 84 days to 220 days in this time. The amount of area burned has ballooned by 1,200%, with areas such as the northern Rockies and the north-west particularly badly hit.
"Wildfire in forested areas is increasing dramatically, there are more opportunities for large fires," said Dr LeRoy Westerling, associate professor at the University of California-Merced.
The fire now raging in northern California follows several outbreaks in the south of the state, including blazes on the outskirts of Los Angeles, which were battled by more than 600 firefighters and causing smoke to billow across the city. A state of emergency has been declared in both California and New Mexico to deal with blazes that have consumed tens of thousands of acres and hundreds of homes.
A fire near Santa Barbara jumped Route 101 so quickly that fire department helicopters had to dump water directly onto cars on the road. Similarly dramatic scenes have unfolded in Arizona, where a fire that has burned more than 12,000 acres has rained ash upon residents in the Show Low area. Huge plumes of smoke from the various fires are clearly visible from space.
Westerling and several other experts have called for a change in strategy to deal with the increasing wildfire risk. States, they argue, should be using controlled burns and chemical treatments to make forests less like a tinderbox and more predictable during wildfire season.
"We need to be better prepared and restore the landscape to a more resilient condition," said Susan Jane Brown, an attorney and director of the Western Environmental Law Center. "We would like our forests to withstand wildfire and come back as ponderosa pine forests, not grand fir forests. We need to reduce the fuel load.
"There is still a lot of concern among communities about fire and states such as Oregon are worried about the health impacts of smoke, which is certainly something to be aware of.
Dr Keith Gilless, chair of the California board of forestry and fire protection, said that public attention on fire has "never been higher" than it is now but that more attention needed to be paid by policymakers upon the social cost paid by disadvantaged people.
"One of the tragedies is the lack of social resilience when the flames come," he said. "Often, fires burn through low-income areas and the loss of an uninsured home is an overwhelming one for people there. Communities like that need to be very engaged with fire services to plan evacuation routes.


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text:
Max Joseph Pettenkofer ( – Munique, ) foi um químico e sanitarista alemão.

Estudou farmácia e medicina em Munique, formando-se em 1843, e iniciou a carreira de professor de química dois anos após. Na área da química, dedicou-se a publicação de artigos sobre teoria e prática sendo as mais importantes a relação numérica entre a massa atômica de elementos químicos análogos, a formação do vidro aventurina, manufatura de gás iluminante a partir da madeira e a preservação de pinturas em óleo. Ele é conhecido pelo método de determinação quantitativa de ácido carbônico pela agitação da mistura gasosas com barita ou água de cal de concentração conhecida e mudança na alcalinidade identificada pelo ácido oxálico.

Morreu aos 82 anos em 1901, por decorrência de um trauma balístico.

Ligações externas

Membros da Academia de Ciências de Göttingen
Membros da Academia de Ciências da Prússia
Membros da Academia de Ciências da Baviera
Membros da Leopoldina (século XIX)
Membros da Academia Real das Artes e Ciências dos Países Baixos
Membros da Academia Real das Ciências da Suécia
Químicos da Alemanha
Sepultados no Alter Südfriedhof (Munique)


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