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ObjModel: a toolkit for parsing and validating tables with relational schemas

ObjModel is a toolkit for working with complex data as collections of tables which combines the ease of use and flexibility of Excel with the rigor and power of defined schemas.

ObjModel makes it easy to

Use collections of tables (e.g., an Excel workbook) as a interface to view and edit complex datasets that describe relationships and other complex datatypes,

Use embedded tables and grammars to encode relational information into columns and groups of columns of tables,

Define schemas for collections of tables,

Use these schema to validate collections of tables and parse them into Python data structures for analysis,

Conduct operations on complex datasets such as comparing and merging datasets, and

Edit schemas and migrate datasets to new versions of schemas.

The ObjModel toolkit includes five components:

Tabular format for describing schemas for datasets encoded as collections of tables. This includes the data type of each column, relationships between rows in tables, and two methods for encoding complex relational information into cells:

Embedded tables for *-to-one relationships: To help users encode complex relationships into a minimal number of tables, optionally, ObjModel can encode related models into groups of columns. ObjModel uses merged headings to distinguish these columns.

Embedded grammars for relationships: To help users encode complex relationships into a minimal number of tables, optionally, grammars can be used to encode relationships to multiple instances of multiple models within a single column. These grammars can be defined declaratively in EBNF format using Lark .

Numerous data types for scientific research including types for chemoinformatics, genomics, and mathematics.

Software tools for generating Excel workbooks for editing datasets according to schemas. This enables users to use Excel as a graphical user interface for editing datasets. As outlined below, this leverages a variety of features of Excel.

Software tools for parsing and validating datasets according to schemas.

Software tools for manipulating complex datasets, including creating, analyzing, comparing, merging, and migrating datasets.

ObjModel enables users to leverage Excel as a graphical user interface for viewing and editing complex datasets. Excel-encoded datasets have the following features:

Table of contents: Each Excel-encoded dataset includes a worksheet that describes the contents of each worksheet, displays the number of instances of each model, and provides hyperlinks to the worksheets that encode the instances of each model.

Formatted model titles: Each worksheet that encodes a model includes a title bar which describes the model. These title bars are formatted, frozen, and protected from editing.

Formatted attribute headings: Each worksheet that encodes a model includes headings for each column and group of columns. These headings are formatted, auto-filtered, frozen, and protected from editing.

Inline help for attributes: ObjModel uses Excel comments to embed help information about each attribute into its heading.

Select menus for enumerations and relationships: ObjModel provides select menus for each attribute that encodes an enumeration, a one-to-one relationship, or a many-to-one relationship.

Instant validation: ObjModel uses Excel to validate several properties of attributes. Note, due to the limitations of Excel, this provides limited validation. ObjModel Python schemas can be used to implement thorough validations.

Hidden extra rows and columns: To help users focus on the attributes of their models, ObjModel protects and hides all additional rows and columns.

ObjModel makes it easy to implement rigorous validations of datasets:

Attribute validation: Validations of individual attributes can be defined declaratively (e.g. <tt>string(min_length=8)</tt>). More complex validations can be defined using a Python schema or by implementing custom types of attributes.

Instance validation: Users can implement custom instance-level validations by creating a Python module which implements a schema and implementing the <tt>validate</tt> methods of the classes.

Model-level validation: Most attributes can be constrained to have unique values across all instances (e.g., <tt>string(unique=True)</tt>). Python modules which implement schemas can also capture tuples of attributes which must be unique across all instances of a model. See the documentation  for more information.

ObjModel provides four user interfaces to the software tools:

Web app below : The web app enables users to use ObjModel without having to install any software.

REST API : The REST API enables users to use ObjModel programmatically without having to install any software.

Command line interface : The command line interface enables users to use ObjModel without having to upload data to this website.

Python library : The Python library enables users to extend ObjModel with custom attributes and validation and use ObjModel to analyze complex datasets.

ObjModel is available open-source  under the MIT license .

ObjModel was developed to implement languages for describing whole-cell computational models  and the data needed to build and verify them.

Table of contents

Web app

Formats for tables

Format for schemas

Data types

Software tools

User interfaces

Web app

REST API

Command line interface

Python library

Other useful resources

Tutorials, docs, and help

Contributing to ObjModel

About ObjModel

Web app

Form

          <form>
            Select an operation
              <select id="method" name="method">
                <option value="convert">Convert: convert a dataset to another format according to a schema</option>
                <option value="diff">Difference: compare the semantic meaning two datasets according to a schema</option>
                <option value="gen-template">Generate template: generate a template set of tables for a schema</option>
                <option value="init-schema">Initialize Python schema: generate a Python module that implements a tabular-formatted schema</option>
                <option value="normalize">Normalize: pretty format a dataset according to a schema</option>
                <option value="validate" selected>Validate: check that a dataset adheres to a schema and report any errors</option>
              </select>

            Upload a schema (.csv, .tsv, .xlsx). See the documentation below  for information about the format.
              <input type="file" id="schema" name="schema" accept=".csv,.tsv,.xlsx" />

            Enter the name of a model to difference or normalize
              <input type="text" id="model" name="model" />

            Upload a dataset
              <input type="file" id="workbook" name="workbook" accept=".csv,.tsv,.xlsx,.zip" />

            Upload a second dataset
              <input type="file" id="workbook-2" name="workbook-2" accept=".csv,.tsv,.xlsx,.zip" />

            Select an output format
              <select id="format" name="format">
                <option value="xlsx" selected>Excel workbook</option>
                <option value="csv">Zip archive of comma-separated tables</option>
                <option value="tsv">Zip archive of tab-separated tables</option>
              </select>

            <input id="submit" type="button" class="button" value="Submit"/>
          </form>

Output

            <textarea id="errors" name="errors" style="height: 12.5rem; margin-top: 1.25rem;" disabled>
            </textarea>

Tabular format datasets

File formats

ObjModel supports three formats for collections of tables, or datasets:

Excel workbook: Each worksheet contains a table which encodes the instances of a model. The names of the worksheets should be <tt>!</tt> followed by the name of a model in the schema (e.g., <tt>!ModelName</tt>).

Set of CSV or TSV files: Each file contains a table which encodes the instances of a model. The names of the files should follow the pattern <tt>dir/!*.csv</tt> (e.g., <tt>Doc/!ModelName.tsv</tt>). Sets of CSV and TSV files can be uploaded to this server as a zip archive.

Single text file with multiple CSV or TSV formatted tables: Each table within the dataset encodes the instances of a model.

Model metdata

The first row in each table must describe the version of ObjModel used by the table and the model which the table represents (e.g., <tt>!!ObjModel ObjModelVersion='2.0' TableID='<model_name>'</tt>).

Optionally, the first row can contain additional key-value pairs which represent additional metadata such as a description of the table and the date when the table was updated (e.g., <tt>!!ObjModel ObjModelVersion='2.0' TableID='model_name' Description='Model description'</tt>).

Model instances (rows) and attributes (columns)

The attributes of each model are represented by the columns of its table, each instance of each model is represented as a row in a table, and the attributes of each instance are encoded into the cells in tables. The first rows in the table should define the attributes represented by each column; each cell should contain a <tt>!</tt> followed by the name an attribute in the schema (e.g., <tt>!Id</tt>).

Encoding multiple models in a single table

To help users encode complex relationships into a minimal number of tables, relationships between models can be encoded into groups of columns and individual cells.

Encoding *-to-one related data into groups of columns: *-to-one relationships to other instances of models can be encoded into a series of consecutive columns by setting the formats of the related models to <tt>multiple_cells</tt> in the schema. When this feature is used, tables must include an additional row of column headings which indicates the groups of columns.

Encoding *-to-many related data into individual columns: *-to-many relationships to other instance of models can be encoded into a single column by setting the formats of the related models to <tt>cell</tt> and defining a grammar for serializing and deserializing the related instances to/from strings which can be written to and read from individual cells. These grammars can be defined declaratively in EBNF format using Lark .

Encoding models into transposed tables

Optionally, a model can be encoded into a transposed table in which the columns represent instances of the model and the rows represent attributes of the model. This feature is useful for models which are intended to only have a single instance. Models can be encoded into transposed tables by setting their format to <tt>column</tt> rather than <tt>row</tt>.

Comments

Comments about individual model instances can be encoded by inserting rows whose first cell begins with <tt>%</tt>.

Additional tables, rows, and columns outside the scope of schemas

Excel workbooks can include additional worksheets. Worksheets that are outside the scope of the schema must have names which do not not begin with an <tt>!</tt>.

Tables can include additional columns. Columns that are outside of the scope of the schema must have names which do not begin with an <tt>!</tt>.

Tables can include additional empty rows and rows with comments. Rows that contain comments must begin with <tt>%</tt>. Comments will be associated with the next data row, except for comments which are below the final row which will be associated to the final row.

Example

The following example illustrates how to encode parents, children, and their favorite video games into two tables according to the example schema below. The FavoriteVideoGame model enables information about the favorite game of each child to be encapsulated into a group of columns within the Child table. The FavoriteVideoGame model also enables the Python representation of the data to encapsulate information about the favorite game of each child into a separate class. This helps make tables and Python code more human-readable.

                  !!SBtab TableID='Parent' SBtabVersion='2.0'

                  !Id
                  !Name

jane_doe	Jane Doe

john_doe	John Doe

mary_roe	Mary Roe

richard_roe	Richard Roe

                  !!SBtab TableID='Child' SBtabVersion='2.0'

                  !FavoriteVideoGame

                  !Id
                  !Name
                  !Gender
                  !Parents
                  !Name
                  !Publisher
                  !Year

                  jamie_doe
                  Jamie Doe
                  female
                  jane_doe, john_doe
                  Legend of Zelda
                  Nintendo
                  1986

                  jimie_doe
                  Jimie Doe
                  male
                  jane_doe, john_doe
                  Super Mario Brothers
                  Nintendo
                  1985

                  linda_roe
                  Linda Roe
                  female
                  mary_roe, richard_roe
                  Sonic the Hedgehog
                  Sega
                  1991

                  mike_roe
                  Michael Roe
                  male
                  mary_roe, richard_roe
                  SimCity
                  Electronic Arts
                  1989

Excel and Python files for the example are available here .

Additional examples are available at SBtab.net.

Formats for schemas

Schemas can either be defined using the tabular format described here or defined using the Python API. The tabular format is easier to use. The Python API enables methods for manipulating data to be encapsulated with schemas. This makes it easy to define custom validations such as for the element balance of a chemical reaction or for the lack of cycles in a network. Furthermore, the software tools can generate Python schemas from tabular-formatted schemas, which is a convenient starting point for further development.

Tabular format

Tabular-formatted schemas should begin with a single header row which indicates that the dataset is encoded in an ObjModel schema (<tt>!!ObjModel TableID="DEFINITION" ...</tt>).

After the header row, the schema file should contain a table with the following columns that defines the models/tables and their attributes/columns. Each row in the table should define a single model or attribute.

Tabular-formatted schemas can be saved in comma-separated (.csv), tab-separated (.tsv), or Excel (.xlsx) format.

The table should contain the following columns:

<tt>!Name</tt>: Name of the component

<tt>!Type</tt>: Type of the component (<tt>Model</tt> or <tt>Attribute</tt>)

<tt>!Parent</tt>:

Models: Not applicable

Atttributes: Name of the model that the attribute belongs to

<tt>!Format</tt>:

Tables:

<tt>row</tt>: Encode the instances of the model as rows

<tt>column</tt>: Encode the instances of the model as columns (i.e. transposed table)

<tt>multiple_cells</tt>: Encode the instances of the model within a group of columns in the tables of the one-to-many and one-to-one related models

<tt>cell</tt>: Encode the instances of the model within columns of the related models, optionally, using a grammar

Columns: One of the data types listed below (e.g., <tt>String</tt>, <tt>Float</tt>). Arguments for the data types can be description in parenthesis (e.g., <tt>String(min_length=5)</tt>. The arguments enable users to customize how data types function and are validated. See the documentation  for more information about the types and their arguments.

(Optional) <tt>!Description</tt>: Description of the component

Example

The following example illustrates a schema for encoding three models of parents, children, and their favorite video games into two tables of parents and children, with the favorite games of the children embedded into a group of columns within the children table.

                  !!SBtab TableID='DEFINITION' TableName='Table/model and column/attribute definitions' SBtabVersion='2.0'

                  !Name	!Type	!Parent	!Format	!Description

Parent	Table		column	Represents a parent

Id	Column	Parent	slug	Identifier

Name	Column	Parent	string

Child	Table		row	Represents a child

Id	Column	Child	slug	Identifier

Name	Column	Child	string

Gender	Column	Child	enum(['female', 'male'])

Parents	Column	Child	manyToMany('Parent', related_name='children')

FavoriteVideoGame	Column	Child	manyToOne('Game', related_name='children')

Game	Table		multiple_cells	Represents a video game

Name	Column	Game	string(unique=True)

Publisher	Column	Game	float

Year	Column	Game	integer

Excel and Python files for the example are available here .

Additional examples are available at SBtab.net.

Python format

Schemas can also be implemented as Python modules. The software can convert tabular-formatted schemas into Python modules. The Python module format provides more flexibility than the tabular format. For example, Python-formatted schemas can encapsulate methods into schemas, which can be used to implement custom validations.

Data types

ObjModel supports numerous datatypes and makes it easy to implement additional types. For example, SBtab  extends ObjModel by adding a variety of types for genomics, systems biology, and synthetic biology research.

Strings

Long string

Regular expression string

String

Numbers

Boolean

Integer

Float

Positive integer

Positive float

Dates/times

Date

Date/time

Time

Internet

Email

URL

Enumerations

Enumeration

Relationships

One-to-one

One-to-many

Many-to-one

Many-to-many

Chemistry (SBtab)

Chemical formula

Chemical structure (SMILES, BpForms , BcForms )

Genomics (SBtab)

DNA, RNA, and protein sequences (Biopython )

Feature location (Biopython )

Frequency position matrix (Biopython )

Informatics (SBtab)

Ontology term (Pronto )

Mathematics (SBtab)

Array (NumPy )

Matrix (NumPy )

Python expressions

Symbolic expression (SymPy )

Symbolic symbos (SymPy )

Physics (SBtab)

Units (Pint )

Software tools

ObjModel includes a variety of methods for working with schemas and datasets:

Generate a Python module that implements a tabular-formatted schema.

Generate a template Excel, CSV, or TSV file(s) for a schema.

Programmatically construct, search, and analyze datasets.

Use Git to revision datasets.

Normalize datasets into a deterministically reproducible ordering.

Validate that a dataset adheres to a schema and report any errors.

Pretty format a dataset according to a schema.

Use a schema to compare the semantic meaning of two datasets.

Use a schema to convert a dataset to an alternate format.

Use a schema to convert a dataset to a dictionary of pandas  data frames.

User interfaces

ObjModel includes four user interfaces to the software tools described above.

Web app

          A web app is available above .

REST API

          A REST API is available at objmodel.org/api.

Command line interface

          A command line interface is available from PyPI .

Python library

A Python library is available from PyPI .

Python modules which implement ObjModel schemas make it easy to create datasets, parse files into structured Python representations, query and edit datasets, and save datasets to files.

The following example illustrates to programmatically create, manipulate, analyze, and export the same dataset of parents and children described above.

Importing Python modules which implement schemas

import parents_children

Creating datasets

# Create parents
jane_doe = parents_children.Parent(id='jane_doe', name='Jane Doe')
john_doe = parents_children.Parent(id='john_doe', name='John Doe')
mary_roe = parents_children.Parent(id='mary_roe', name='Mary Roe')
richard_roe = parents_children.Parent(id='richard_roe', name='Richard Roe')

# Create children
jamie_doe = parents_children.Child(id='jamie_doe',
                                   name='Jamie Doe',
                                   gender=parents_children.Child.gender.enum_class.female,
                                   parents=[jane_doe, john_doe])
jamie_doe.favorite_video_game = parents_children.Game(name='Legend of Zelda: Ocarina of Time',
                                                      publisher='Nintendo',
                                                      year=1998)

jimie_doe = parents_children.Child(id='jimie_doe',
                                   name='Jimie Doe',
                                   gender=parents_children.Child.gender.enum_class.male,
                                   parents=[jane_doe, john_doe])
jimie_doe.favorite_video_game = parents_children.Game(name='Super Mario Brothers',
                                                      publisher='Nintendo',
                                                      year=1985)
linda_roe = parents_children.Child(id='linda_roe',
                                   name='Linda Roe',
                                   gender=parents_children.Child.gender.enum_class.female,
                                   parents=[mary_roe, richard_roe])
linda_roe.favorite_video_game = parents_children.Game(name='Sonic the Hedgehog',
                                                      publisher='Sega',
                                                      year=1991)
mike_roe = parents_children.Child(id='mike_roe',
                                  name='Michael Roe',
                                  gender=parents_children.Child.gender.enum_class.male,
                                  parents=[mary_roe, richard_roe])
mike_roe.favorite_video_game = parents_children.Game(name='SimCity',
                                                     publisher='Electronic Arts',
                                                     year=1989)

Querying datasets

mike_roe = mary_roe.children.get_one(id='mike_roe')
mikes_parents = mike_roe.parents
mikes_sisters = mikes_parents[0].children.get(gender=parents_children.Child.gender.enum_class.female)

Editing datasets

jamie_doe.favorite_video_game.name = 'Legend of Zelda'
jamie_doe.favorite_video_game.year = 1986

Validating datasets

import obj_model

objects = [jane_doe, john_doe, mary_roe, richard_roe,
           jamie_doe, jimie_doe, linda_roe, mike_roe]
errors = obj_model.Validator().run(objects)
assert errors is None

Parsing data from files

import obj_model.io

filename = 'obj_model/web_app/examples/parents_children.xlsx'
objects = obj_model.io.Reader().run(filename, sbtab=True,
                                    models=[parents_children.Parent, parents_children.Child],
                                    group_objects_by_model=True)
parents = objects[parents_children.Parent]
jane_doe_2 = next(parent for parent in parents if parent.id == 'jane_doe')

Exporting datasets to files

filename = 'obj_model/web_app/examples/parents_children_copy.xlsx'
objects = [jane_doe, john_doe, mary_roe, richard_roe,
           jamie_doe, jimie_doe, linda_roe, mike_roe]
obj_model.io.Writer().run(filename, objects,
                          models=[parents_children.Parent, parents_children.Child],
                          sbtab=True)

Analyzing datasets

assert jane_doe.is_equal(jane_doe_2)

Resources for working with ObjModel

Below are several resources which can be helpful for working with ObjModel.

Microsoft Excel

WPS Office : Free editor for Linux, Mac, and Windows

Tutorials, documentation, and help

Documentation for the formats for schemas and datasets

          Documentation for the format for the schemas and the formats for the collections of tables is available above . Additional information is available at docs.karrlab.org .

Query builder for the REST API

          A visual interface for building REST queries is available at objmodel.org/api.

Documentation for the REST API

          Documentation for the REST API is available at objmodel.org/api.

Documentation for the command line program

          Documentation for the command line program is available inline by running <tt>obj-model --help</tt>.

Tutorial for the Python API

          A Jupyter notebook with an interactive tutorial is available at sandbox.karrlab.org .

Documentation for the Python API

          Documentation for the Python API is available above  and at docs.karrlab.org .

Questions

          Please contact the Karr Lab  with any questions.

Contributing to ObjModel

          To contribute to the software, please submit a Git pull request .

About ObjModel

Source code

          ObjModel is available open-source from GitHub .

License

          ObjModel is released under the MIT license .

Citing ObjModel

          Coming soon!

Team

ObjModel was developed by the Karr Lab  at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai  in New York, US and the Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, from Genomes to the Environment research unit  at the Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique  in Jouy en Josas, FR.

Arthur Goldberg

Jonathan Karr

Wolfram Liebermeister

Timo Lubitz

Acknowledgements

          ObjModel was supported by a National Institute of Health P41 award , a National Institute of Health MIRA R35 award , and a National Science Foundation INSPIRE award .

Questions/comments

          Please contact the Karr Lab  with any questions or comments.

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When the second exercice of The New Drawing on the Right Side of the Brain: A Course in Enhancing Creativity and Artistic Confidence (See all Creativity Books) said "think of someone that is not near you and draw him from memory" Ramon's face popped in my mind.
Rubén says that it looks like Mark Zuckerberg rather than Ramon but I don't mind. I enjoyed doing this drawing as much as I enjoy sharing my office days with Ramon.
Drawn with a mechanical pencil, 0.5mm HB hardness in a Moleskine plain notebook.


text:
Q: css menu the last item does not fit into view I'm creating a menu and using (position:"absolute" & height:"100%") but does not respond to screen resize properly because of 50px space from top and the last item does not fit into view.
and I don't want to make (top:"0").
Here is the HTML:

            User Name

                        ☺
                        Coffee Bourse

                        ☺
                        Coffee Bourse

                                fghjk

                                fghjk

                                fghjk

                        ☺
                        Coffee Bourse

                        ☺
                        End

The css:
.sidebar {
            background: #333;
            position: fixed;
            width: 200px;
            height: 100%;
            right: 0;
            top: 0;
    direction:rtl;

        }

.menu-list {
            margin-top: 5px;
        }
            .menu-list ul{
                position:absolute;
               width:100%;
               height:100%;
               overflow:hidden;
            }
            .menu-list ul:hover{
                overflow:auto;
            }

and here is jsFiddle I created:
http://jsfiddle.net/Meysam/dcPN8/

A: Thanks to @GCyrillus, I finally fixed it this way
.menu-list ul {
         position:absolute;
         width:100%;
         height:100%;
         /* fix */
         /* top:0;
         padding-top:1.5em; */
         box-sizing:border-box;
         padding-bottom:55px;
         /* end fix */
         overflow:hidden;
     }

Here is the fixed version :
http://jsfiddle.net/Meysam/dcPN8/9/

A:
you can use box-sizing to include a padding at top of ul and height:100%;

 .menu-list ul {
     position:absolute;
     width:100%;
     height:100%;
     /* fix */
     top:0;
     padding-top:1.5em;
     box-sizing:border-box;
     /* end fix */
     overflow:hidden;
 }

http://jsfiddle.net/dcPN8/2/
http://jsfiddle.net/dcPN8/5/ (added position:relative for .user-name )

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Police initially refused plan to from peace ring around house of worship that came under deadly attack.
Danish Muslims can create a peace ring around a Copenhagen synagogue that came under a deadly attack, the city's police said after originally refusing the request.
The peace ring is scheduled to take place on Saturday at the central Copenhagen shul, or Krystalgade Synagogue.
On Feb. 14, a volunteer Jewish security guard, Dan Uzan, was shot and killed there by a lone Islamist gunman who hours earlier had killed one in a shooting at a free speech event at a cultural center in the Danish capital.
Police had cited security concerns for rejecting the original request, which was made a week after the shootings.
The Copenhagen organizers are planning to duplicate a similar initiative that took place last month in Oslo, where demonstrators, including many Muslims, formed a human chain around a synagogue in a show of support for Jews.
A separate Danish Muslim group held a peace vigil in Copenhagen's City Hall Square on Feb. 27 that was attended by an estimated 300 people, the local.dk news website reported.


text:
package org.hisp.dhis.tracker.validation.hooks;

import static org.hisp.dhis.tracker.validation.hooks.ValidationUtils.addIssuesToReporter;

import java.util.List;
import java.util.stream.Collectors;

import org.hisp.dhis.rules.models.RuleEffect;
import org.hisp.dhis.tracker.bundle.TrackerBundle;
import org.hisp.dhis.tracker.domain.Event;
import org.hisp.dhis.tracker.programrule.ProgramRuleIssue;
import org.hisp.dhis.tracker.programrule.RuleActionImplementer;
import org.hisp.dhis.tracker.report.ValidationErrorReporter;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

/**
 * @author Enrico Colasante
 */
@Component
public class EventRuleValidationHook
    extends AbstractTrackerDtoValidationHook
{
    private List<RuleActionImplementer> validators;

    @Autowired( required = false )
    public void setValidators( List<RuleActionImplementer> validators )
    {
        this.validators = validators;
    }

    @Override
    public void validateEvent( ValidationErrorReporter reporter, TrackerBundle bundle, Event event )
    {
        List<RuleEffect> ruleEffects = bundle.getEventRuleEffects().get( event.getEvent() );

        if ( ruleEffects == null || ruleEffects.isEmpty() )
        {
            return;
        }

        List<ProgramRuleIssue> programRuleIssues = validators
            .stream()
            .flatMap(
                v -> v.validateEvent( bundle, ruleEffects, event ).stream() )
            .collect( Collectors.toList() );

        addIssuesToReporter( reporter, event, programRuleIssues );
    }
}


text:
/sites/all/themes/penton_subtheme_nrn/images/logos/footer.png
Nation's Restaurant News is part of the Informa Connect Division of Informa PLC
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Ron Ruggless
At fast-casual Enjoy Mint, self-order kiosks help lower labor costs, and pooling all tips helps keep staff happy.
Operations>Workforce
Growing labor costs force restaurants to adjust prices
Growing labor costs, worker scarcity force operators to balance prices, formats
Ron Ruggless | May 07, 2019
In this in-depth report, Nation's Restaurant News looks at the changing workforce and how restaurants can keep up.
With the potential worker pool growing increasingly smaller and with minimum wages rising, restaurants have tapped a number of tactics and strategies to cope with the labor squeeze and maintain unit profitability.
They are taking the always hesitant move of raising menu prices and even turning the restaurant format on its head to require less labor to provide the same quality meals.
"We are using technology in a way that is not 100% about cutting out manpower, but we are focusing the staff on either hospitality or culinary," said Nikky Phinywatana, the chef and owner of three Asian Mint full-service restaurants in the Dallas area who created a fast-casual spinoff Enjoy Mint that opened in June 2018 in Richardson, Texas.
Relying on two consumer-facing kiosks to lead customers through ordering and paying for their meals, Enjoy Mint is where Phinywatana envisions the future of restaurant labor and operations is headed.
Nikky Phinywatana
Photo: Asian Mint
"Our employees can devote their time to interact with the customers and be hospitable," Phinywatana said, and tips, which run at a lower rate than in her three full-service restaurants, can be shared for all the hourly employees.
Phinywatana opened her first full-service Asian Mint in October 2004, and she said the labor market and customer preferences have changed markedly in the ensuing 15 years. She opened her second unit in 2008 and the third in 2017.
"We have kept our staff generally 10 years or more," she said. "We don't go by the minimum wage. We really go by their experience. We offer health care benefits. "
But the minimum wages in various states have been putting pressure on restaurant operators.
"We are not seeing too much minimum wage activity in unexpected places," said Joe Kefauver, a partner at the Orlando, Fla.-based Align Public Strategies LLC public affairs firm. "We're seeing it in the traditional blue states. It's new in what we might call the blue trifecta states: After the [2016] election, Colorado got a lot bluer, Nevada got a lot bluer, New Mexico got a lot bluer."
Those three states are considering minimum wage increases this year, and New Mexico's governor just signed legislation to raise that state's minimum wage of $7.50 an hour to $9 on Jan. 1. Then the minimum wage will increase to $10.50 on Jan. 1, 2021; to $11.50 on Jan. 1, 2022; and peak at $12 on Jan. 1, 2023.
In addition, New Mexico's new law calls for implementing raises to the lower wage for tipped employees like restaurant servers. That tipped wage base pay will incrementally rise from $2.13 an hour to $3 an hour by Jan. 1, 2023.
"It is a patchwork," Kefauver said. "The broader conversation of a $15-an-hour wage still hasn't gotten quite as anchored as the labor community might have liked."
Industry giants like McDonald's Corp. have also pulled back from lobbying against increases in minimum wages just as Democrats in the U.S. Congress introduced the Raise the Wage Act, which proposed increasing the federal minimum wage from $7.25 an hour to $15 an hour by 2024.
In late March, the Chicago-based burger giant told the National Restaurant Association that it would not invest resources in opposing minimum wage increases at the federal, state or local levels. The company said its average starting wage in corporate-owned restaurants was more than $10 an hour already; it does not control wages franchisees pay at their restaurants.
Genna Gent, McDonald's vice president of U.S. government relations, said in the letter to the NRA: "We believe increases should be phased in and that all industries should be treated the same way. We look forward to engaging with elected leaders on these and other important elements of the wage discussion."
"A number of big brands are stepping back from this issue," Kefauver said. "McDonald's pivot may impact our industry positioning on the issue more so than it impacts legislative outcomes."
Harri, a software technology platform for the hospitality industry, this spring released its 2019 Hospitality and Food Service Wage Inflation Survey and found 64% of operators reduced employee hours and 43% of operators eliminated jobs because of labor cost increases. Those increases, among the 4,000 restaurants with more than 112,000 employees, found 45% of operators experienced labor cost increases of between 3% and 9%.
The NRA's State of the Industry Report in March found in its survey that fine-dining restaurant operators were the most concerned, at 13%, with labor costs and minimum wage increases, following by family-dining operators at 10%, casual-dining operators at 8% and quick-service and fast-casual operators at 5% each. Recruiting and retaining employees ranked higher among the 2019 concerns across segments in that NRA report.
With operations in both casual dining and fast casual, Asian Mint owner Phinywatana said she has been able to retain her crews at the four units.
"I don't really have a high turnover," she said. "We are realizing the newer generation, Millennials and younger, were interested in fresh Thai food but not in a full-service menu and they enjoyed working there."
Her Enjoy Mint is sandwiched between a similarly formatted Torchy's Tacos and a full-service Snuffer's burger restaurant, with a fast-casual Zoës Kitchen nearby. The shared tips are an advantage for the concept in hiring, she added.
"At Enjoy Mint, the tip pool is not just for the front-of-house employee but for the entire staff," she explained. "There is an incentive for everybody to be serving the customer. There's not a separation. Everybody gets to share the tip pool."
Employees make $10 an hour, plus their tip out, so the workers make on average $12 to $15 an hour, she said. Tips average about 10%, offered as a kiosk payment option, Phinywatana said. Management is eligible for paid time off and bonuses.
"You do want to keep your staff once they have been trained and are part of the culture," she said.
She also limited the number of kiosks at two to help stagger orders to the kitchen.
"It's all about the flow," Phinywatana said. "I could have had five kiosks, but it has to jibe with the pace in the kitchen. I didn't want five orders to come in every 30 seconds to a minute, and I didn't want them to not keep up. My goal is to get a bowl out to you within seven minutes. … If we ever need to increase the kiosks, we have that ability. I don't think it would ever be more than three or four at max."
The Enjoy Mint concept also puts the pricing more in the hands of the customer, who can add on items at their choosing.
An 'unsustainable' situation
While many national restaurant chains have increased prices over the past two years to offset labor and other costs, experts warn against pushing too much on the consumer in what is already a competitive environment.
"What's concerning are the icebergs we see floating below the surface," wrote Larry Miller, founder of the MillerPulse industry benchmark company, in a recent column for NRN. "Specifically, industry traffic and check are drifting dangerously in opposite directions."
Miller said industry traffic hit a nine-year low at negative 4% in February, but check averages touched a 10-year high.
"Check increases have now accounted for more than 100% of sales growth for the last 26 months — that's simply unsustainable in our view," Miller said.
Negative traffic numbers should give operators pause about taking dramatic steps in pricing on their restaurant menus, he noted. "We understand the urge to raise prices, but it's unadvisable given industry traffic has been negative since 2015," Miller noted.
Phinywatana said restaurant operators face a crucial challenge in finding and retaining their workers.
That challenge appears to be felt especially deep in casual dining, where the NRA 2019 State of the Industry survey found 42% of operators pegged it as their top challenge for the year. Recruitment and retention was high in other restaurant segments as well: 38% in quick service, 34% in fast casual and family dining, and 28% in fine dining.
"In this labor market, the workers can go anywhere," Phinywatana said. "They can go to any fast-casual concept and they can be hired on the spot, because everyone is so short."
She depends on referrals from current employees who know workers who would fit into the Asian Mint and Enjoy Mint culture.
"These workers are looking at values," she said. "They look for more from a company than just the clock-in, clock-out."
From the editor: Think differently about the labor crisis
What's hospitality in the era of technology?
3 tools to working within the gig economy
Tactics to fight store-level turnover
The benefits (and disadvantages) to C-suite recruiting from outside the industry
Restaurants adapt to the new reality of today's workforce
Contact Ron Ruggless at [email protected]
Follow him on Twitter: @RonRuggless


text:
Halls ist ein Markenname für Hustenbonbons und -pastillen des internationalen Nahrungsmittelskonzerns Mondelēz International.

Geschichte
Im Jahre 1893 gründeten die Brüder Hall in Großbritannien die Firma Halls, um Seife und Marmelade herzustellen. Bald fingen sie an, Süßwaren wie Bonbons und traditionelle britische Spezialitäten wie Limetten- und Pfefferminz-Schokolade zu produzieren und zu vertreiben.
1930 ließen sich die Halls die von ihnen erfundene Formel vom  Mentho-Lyptus, einer Kombination von Menthol und Eukalyptus, patentieren. Damit begannen die Brüder Hall mit der Produktion von einem der beliebtesten Hustenbonbons.
Heute wird Halls nicht nur als Hustenbonbon genutzt, sondern auch als Atemerfrischer. In einigen Teilen der Welt, wie in Brasilien, Argentinien, Peru, Kolumbien und auf den Philippinen wird Halls als mentholhaltige Süßigkeit angeboten und nicht als Mittel gegen Hustenbeschwerden betrachtet. Inzwischen produziert das Unternehmen viele verschiedene Sorten, darunter eine Produktlinie mit Vitaminen, eine zur Atemerfrischung und zuckerfreie Sorten. In Großbritannien hat Halls kürzlich alle Kennzeichnungen des Wirkstoffes gegen Husten in der Produktbeschreibung auf der Verpackung entfernt und bezeichnet sie als  "Extra Strong Original flavour hard boiled sweets".

Das Unternehmen gehört seit 2003 zum Cadbury-Konzern. 2010 wurde Cadbury und damit Halls von Kraft Foods übernommen und seit deren Umfirmierung 2012 unter dem Dach von Mondelēz International geführt.

Weblinks
Halls Homepage

Einzelnachweise

Unternehmen (Birmingham)
Kraft Foods

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Home > Uncategorised > Julian Assange, Alina Lipp, and Anne-Laure Bonnel – When Truth Becomes a (...)
Julian Assange, Alina Lipp, and Anne-Laure Bonnel – When Truth Becomes a Crime in the West
Wednesday 6 July 2022, by siawi3
Source: https://janataweekly.org/julian-assange-alina-lipp-and-anne-laure-bonnel-when-truth-becomes-a-crime-in-the-west/
Christelle Néant
Julian Assange, Alina Lipp and Anne-laure Bonnel are three journalists who are paying a high price for telling the truth in the West: attempts to suffocate them financially, followed by censorship, threats of imprisonment or imprisonment altogether, and even physical and psychological torture in the case of Assange. These three cases illustrate perfectly the reality of "democracy" in the West.
The case of Julian Assange, whose extradition has just been approved by the British authorities, is the most publicized and the most revealing of what can happen to a Western journalist who dares to tell the truth.
In 2006, Julian Assange founded Wikileaks, a non-governmental, non-profit organisation, which publishes classified documents provided by whistleblowers on its website. The site has since published millions of documents concerning human rights violations, corruption scandals and, above all, war crimes.
In 2010, just as the website was about to publish documents on the war in Iraq, Julian Assange's request for a work and residence permit was refused by Sweden. He had chosen Sweden because of its strict legislation on the protection of journalistic sources. But to reveal the war crimes of the United States in Iraq and Afghanistan is to incur the wrath of Washington and the American military-industrial complex. This is where the descent into hell begins for Julian Assange.
In 2011 the attempt to financially suffocate the Wikileaks website began. Visa, Mastercard, Bank of America, PayPal and Western Union organized a financial blockade of Wikileaks, reducing the organization's income by 95%, which then turned to crypto-currencies to escape financial suffocation.
From 2012 onwards, censorship through massive computer attacks against the site is launched. The aim is to try to prevent people from accessing the millions of documents published on the site. For the record, it was Wikileaks that helped Edward Snowden get out of Hong Kong and gain political asylum in Russia.
In parallel, from 2010 to 2012, Julian Assange was placed under probation in the United Kingdom following a charge of sexual offence made in Sweden in 2010. Assange denounced this as a bogus charge, the sole purpose of which was to send him to Sweden from where he could be extradited to the US. Following the refusal of the UK Supreme Court to reject the extradition request to Sweden, Julian Assange took refuge on 19 June 2012 in the Ecuadorian embassy in London, where he lived in seclusion for seven years, under surveillance by Scotland Yard and the CIA.
In 2017, the CIA envisaged the pure and simple assassination of Julian Assange in the Ecuadorian embassy. But given the risk of international scandal that this would cause, the CIA gave up and opted for a more discreet and perverse plan.
On 11 April 2019, Julian Assange loses his Ecuadorian nationality obtained two years earlier, as well as his right to asylum in the Ecuadorian embassy, from which he is forcibly removed by British police officers. He was then sent to prison in Belmarsh, and the "sexual offence" case was closed by Sweden for lack of evidence a few months after his arrest, proving if it were necessary that this case was just a pretext.
For three years, Julian Assange and his lawyers fought to prevent his extradition to the United States, where he faces up to 175 years in prison! All to no avail. And during all this time, Julian Assange has been subjected to conditions of detention that are tantamount to torture: total isolation, insufficiently heated cell in winter, lack of care. Julian Assange's condition deteriorated rapidly in these conditions, and several experts and doctors were indignant and described what was inflicted on him in Belmarsh prison as torture.
If sent to the United States, Julian Assange could be sent to Guantanamo, or elsewhere, and tortured like many other prisoners. His case should serve as an example to discourage other Western journalists from revealing inconvenient truths.
And we see that the Assange case may soon no longer be an exception. Two independent journalists, the German Alina Lipp and the French Anne-Laure Bonnel, who have been outspoken about what is happening in the Donbass, are now seeing the Western censorship machine turn on them.
Alina Lipp, who spent six months in the Donbass in 2022, telling the truth about the Ukrainian army's war crimes, including in Mariupol, is now facing censorship.
After a first visit in 2021, she was shocked by the war crimes committed by the Ukrainian army against the civilians of Donbass. She returned at the beginning of 2022 and stayed for six months. She openly recounts and reports on the war crimes committed by Ukrainian soldiers against the civilians of Marioupol, for example.
An inconvenient truth in Berlin. So Alina Lipp's PayPal account was blocked. Then her bank account, as well as that of her father, was closed, and the German state deducted without any justification about 1,600 euros that were still in her account. As in the Assange case, the technique of financial asphyxiation is used to silence dissident voices. Then comes censorship, with the closure of her YouTube account, where she published her reports.
And as in the case of Julian Assange, the law soon came to threaten Alina Lipp. A criminal case was opened against the journalist for supporting crimes. Because she dared to say that what Ukraine is doing in Donbass is genocide, that she understands why Russia intervened, why it launched its special military operation, and that the people she knows in Donetsk are happy that Moscow is intervening. Just because of that, for giving her opinion and telling the truth, Alina Lipp faces up to three years in prison!
Even more delirious, at the end of the indictment document, it is written that Alina Lipp will not be invited to a hearing (to defend herself) as this would disrupt the investigation process (sic)! Unsurprisingly, Alina Lipp will not return to Germany, so as not to suffer the same fate as Julian Assange.
And if some believe that what is happening to Alina Lipp could not happen in France, they should look at what is happening to Anne-Laure Bonnel. This French freelance journalist who came to the Donbass in 2015 and 2022, and who also spoke openly about the Ukrainian army's war crimes in the Donbass.
Not surprisingly, she found herself alongside Alina Lipp and myself in the "article" in the rag Le Monde on "dangerous pro-Russian influencers". In reality, this article is just one of many in a coordinated attack by ISD, yet another organisation claiming to fight disinformation in several Western countries, but which in reality serves to justify censorship. The accusations made against "pro-Russian influencers" by ISD have indeed been picked up by several media, in France, Germany, the United States, and surely elsewhere (I don't have the means to check the entire world press).
Anne-Laure Bonnel has also been directly and personally attacked by several French media outlets who have simply denigrated her, even defamed her. And as in the case of Julian Assange, or Alina Lipp, the authorities are using financial suffocation to try to silence her.
As in the case of Alina Lipp, Anne-Laure Bonnel's bank account was temporarily blocked by her bank, Société Générale, and her contract with the Sorbonne University was not renewed.
A method that was also used against Donbass Insider, who had his Patreon account and his Tipeee account blocked (via the payment provider for Tipeee) for the same reasons: to try to silence us.
Although Alina Lipp and Anne-Laure Bonnel are not yet in the terrible situation Julian Assange is in, his case should make everyone realize that Western countries are only democratic in name, and that what is happening to this journalist today could well happen to them one day soon, if they happen to tell an inconvenient truth. That is why we must fight to prevent Assange from being extradited to the United States. To prevent telling the truth from being considered a crime!
For as Martin Niemöller so aptly put it:
They came for the socialists first, and I didn't say anything
Because I was not a socialist
Then they came for the trade unionists, and I said nothing
Because I wasn't a trade unionist
Then they came for the Jews, and I said nothing
Because I wasn't a Jew
Then they came for me, and there was no one left to defend me.
Today they come for Julian Assange, Alina Lipp, Anne-Laure Bonnel, or myself. But one day they will come for you. So act now! Demand that Julian Assange's extradition to the US be cancelled! Let it be known that you do not want a society where truth is a crime!
(Christelle Néant is a Belgian freelance war journalist. Courtesy: Donbass Insider, a news and analytics website.)


text:
10 Best Racing Board Game
The definitive ranked list of the best Racing board games. A race is anything that has a start and a finish with intention of everyone beginning at the same time with the first person reaching the end would be the winner. Just like in the real world you see this with cars, horses, bikes and more in board games, but unlike the real world there are also things like camels, pirates and fantastical settings. These are the top 10 best racing board games.
OTHER ARTICLES LIKE THIS: 10 Best Sports Board Games | 10 Best Cooperative Board Games | 20 Best 5 Player Board Games
#10 | Winner's Circle
Winner's Circle makes the list of the best racing board games because it is horse racing at it's finest. Here you will need to bet on seven different horses over three races to see who can make the most money via an exciting dice confrontation.
You roll the die and choose which horse you want to move. The seven horses vary in strength, but even the weakest horses have some amazing bursts of speed. Everyone bets on the horses before each race and so either co-operate or compete to get their horses over the line. There are money tokens now for the winners, but not enough supplied in the game to pay out properly. For 2 – 6 players, games last about 45 – 60 minutes.
FOR MORE: Buy Winner's Circle on Amazon
#09 | Rallyman: GT
Rallyman: GT makes the list of the best racing board games because this is a very dynamic car battle with an exciting mix of mechanics. Just like in real racing, there is an exciting push your luck element that leaves it up to you to see how far you want to push it. This is an exciting movement game driven by the dice and your will to survive.
This is a Roll and Move game with a simple yet exciting dice mechanic that invites players to push their luck and navigate the terrain as best they can. You must weigh taking a risk to squeeze every last second out of the track versus playing it cool to avoid spinning out on hard corners, bumps and other treacherous terrains. Each game has modular pieces that make a new track and you are pushed forward by rolling dice. For 1 – 6 players, games run about 45 – 60 minutes.
FOR MORE: Buy Rallyman GT on Amazon
#08 | Thunder Alley
Thunder Alley makes the list of the best racing board games because this is another car showdown with enough of a creative an interesting take to stand alone as a worthwhile experience. If you are a fan of NASCAR above all else, this might be for you because it is set in that kind of environment and does it justice. You will need to race your team of cars more efficiently than anyone else.
Drafting, teamwork, accidents, yellow flags, pit strategy, working to lead laps, and sprints to the finish are all included and bring the feel of racing to the game. Players control not one car, but a team of 3–6 cars. Thus, each race is not only a run for the checkered flag but an effort to maximize the score for every car on your team. Winning is important, but if only one car crosses the finish line, your team might end up outside the winner's circle looking in. For 2 – 7 players, games last about 90 minutes.
FOR MORE: Buy Thunder Alley on Amazon
#07 | Jamaica
Jamaica makes the list of the best racing board games because not only is it a wonderful game within the space, but it is set against an interesting theme that you do not really see in the genre. Dropped in the world of pirating, you need to race around Jamaica to claim it's treasure. What's unique here is the racing is important, but it is not always the fastest that wins.
This is a pirate-themed tactical race game with player interaction and side goals (e.g. detouring for treasure). The winner is the player who best balances their position in the race with their success at the side goals. The game ends on the turn when at least one player's ship reaches the finish line, completing one circuit around the island of Jamaica. For 2 – 6 players, games go for about 30 – 60 minutes.
FOR MORE: Jamaica Page | How To Play Jamaica | Games Like Jamaica | Buy Jamaica on Amazon
#06 | Formula D
Formula D makes the list of the best racing board games because it is such a love letter to any Formula D fan out there. With much of it coming down to how you shift gears, with each gear providing a different speed that needs to be factored in, you will need to master your own vehicle while also worrying about the your competition and the race itself.
This is a high stakes Formula One type racing game where the players race simulated cars with the hope of crossing the finish line first. With planning and a little luck, each player manages when to shift gears, with the ability to move up one gear, stay in that gear, or move down gears in a given moment. Speed is not the only issue, corners require special handling and penalties can happen. For 2 – 10 players, games go for about 60 minutes.
FOR MORE: Buy Formula D on Amazon
#05 | Steampunk Rally
Steampunk Rally makes the list of the best racing board games because this is a great dash to the finish not quite like anything else out there. Here instead of more traditional fare, you are racing with interesting contraptions as a variety of history's greatest inventors. The track evolves as you go which guarantees maximum freshness and a blind whimsical excitement.
Using a unique dice-placement mechanism, you take on the roles of famous folks from the turn of the last century like Nikola Tesla and Marie Curie, constructing fantastical contraptions using steam in an attempt to win a no-holds-barred race through the Swiss alps. You start with a draft for upgrades and then you roll to activate and move. For 2 – 8 players, games last about 45 – 60 minutes.
FOR MORE: Buy Steampunk Rally on Amazon
#04 | Downforce
Downforce makes the list of the best racing board games because it smartly applies an auction and betting system to a car game in this space. Set in the world of high-stakes bidding on million-dollar race cars, thinking both about your current situation and long term prospects you must make the most strategic choices to get ahead.
Players first bid to own the six cars in the race, then they play cards from their hand to speed them around the track. However, most cards will also move their opponents' cars. So figuring out just the right time to play a card is the key to victory. Along the way, players make secret bets on who they think will win the race. Whoever has the most money from their prize money, winning bets, and remaining bank wins. For 2 – 6 players, games last about 20 – 40 minutes.
FOR MORE: Games Like Downforce | Buy Downforce on Amazon
#03 | Flamme Rouge
Flamme Rouge makes the list of the best racing board games because it is almost as exciting as a live bicycle race. This is a simultaneous action to catch the leader title where riders must negotiate the peloton and avoid exhaustion in this card-driven event. Bicycle racing is one of those categories that could have easily fell to the wayside in favor of other racing titles, but this is such a well-crafted game that it can easily hang with anything else out there.
You control a team of two riders (a Rouleur and a Sprinteur) with the goal to be the first to cross the finish line with one of your riders. Riders move riders forward by drawing and playing cards from that rider's specific deck, depleting it as you go. Use slipstreams to avoid exhaustion and position your team for a well-timed sprint for the win. For 2 – 4 players, games last about 30 – 45 minutes.
FOR MORE: Buy Flamme Rouge on Amazon
#02 | PitchCar
PitchCar makes the list of the best racing board games because it is one of the best dexterity games of all time that happens to lay into the car racing backdrop fantastically. Dexterity games are a strange cousin of the board game. It is hard to compare them at times, but one thing that everyone can agree on is that this is a great game within this category. Just like a real race, your heart will be beating the entire time.
Tons of large wooden track pieces give you the freedom to build whatever track you want. Players form their track however they want. At the starting line, circular discs are placed. Turn after turn, players take turns flicking their disc to further it along the track. With death-defying turns, jumps and opportunities to push your opponent out of the way, games can get very competitive. Be the first to cross the finish line to beat the other racers. For 2 – 8 players, games run around 30 minutes.
FOR MORE: Buy PitchCar on Amazon
#01 | Camel Up
Camel Up takes the top spot on the list of the best racing board games because this award-winning title combines streamlined mechanics pushing the speed, merged with an interesting betting structure, all set against the unique and very creative idea of camel racing. No one can quite hit Camel Up because it is hard to beat something that gets it so right.
Everyone bets on five racing camels, trying to suss out which will place first and second in a quick race around a pyramid. The earlier you place your bet, the more you can win. Camels don't run neatly, however, sometimes landing on top of another one and being carried toward the finish line. It all depends on how the dice come out of the pyramid dice shaker, releasing one die at a time. For 2 – 8 players, games last about 20 – 30 minutes.
FOR MORE: Camel Up Page | Games Like Camel Up | Buy Camel Up on Amazon
Do you agree with this list of the best racing board games!? Leave your thoughts in the comments below or on our BGH Facebook Page.
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text:
Title: Modernising the Railways: Frankton Junction Change Over-Team Work a Feature
Author: Harry C. Baulf
In: The New Zealand Railways Magazine, Volume 2, Issue 3 (July 1, 1927)
Keywords: New Zealand History
The New Zealand Railways Magazine, Volume 2, Issue 3 (July 1, 1927)
Modernising the Railways. — Frankton Junction Change Over-Team Work a Feature
Modernising the Railways.
Frankton Junction Change Over-Team Work a Feature.
(By Harry C. Baulf).
It seems only yesterday that the new Frankton Junction Railway Station was opened with a flourish of trumpets. Here was the very latest in railway construction; yet, so rapid has been the growth of business in New Zealand, that the whole place has once again become inadequate to deal with the traffic that now pours through the Junction. With the opening of the Main Trunk through to Wellington in 1908, the yards became more congested, and piece by piece has been added to the tracks and buildings in an endeavour to cope with the fast-growing traffic. Last Christmas season over four hundred trains, carrying about eighty-four thousand passengers, were handled at Frankton Junction.
It has long been evident that Frankton must be enlarged, and something has now been done in the way of rebuilding to meet modern traffic needs and operating practice. The latest alteration saw about three miles of siding added to the yard tracks and the north end of the station changed from a mechanically operated station yard to an electrically operated one. It was a decidedly big job. For months past gangs had been busy making ready, and after mid-day on the selected Saturday, the stage was set for the change-over. Shortly after the mid-day rush, the mechanical signals were cut out, and for the rest of the day trains were brought into the station by hand signals (flags and lamps)-a temporary reversion to the primitive methods of the good old days.
One big feature of this Saturday was the lifting out, by a steam crane, of a five ton signal gantry. All through the night signalmen and electricians worked, the one group disconnecting the old system and the other linking up the new. At daybreak the following morning there arrived on the scene a gang of forty permanent way men, under Mr. Langbein (Assistant District Engineer) and their Inspector, Mr. H. Nelson, with two seven ton cranes. These were divided into two gangs, No. 1 breaking down, and No. 2 filling in the gaps left by the other in the work of linking up the new sidings.
This part of the day's work was really worth going a long way to see. It was decidedly spectacular. Down would come the jib arm of one crane and as soon as its hook was pushed into some chains which were around the points, the crane would puff a little, and seven tons of points would be wrenched from the earth and swung into the air. Then, when the crane-driver pulled another lever, the crane would turn round towards an empty truck, and the crossing would drop off, No. 1 crane then moving on to the next lot. Up would come No. 2 crane, hook its arm on to some straight lengths of new lines already fastened to their sleepers, and drop these in the place of the points removed. And thus, with repetitions of the same movement, the work rapidly proceeded. Soon the permanent-way men were bolting and packing up the new laid track, adding another length to Frankton's shunting yard. All through the day the changing process went on, until some fifteen sets of points and cross-overs had been shifted, together with about thirty chains of track-No. 1 gang doing the shifting, while No. 2 did the linking up. Darkness was fast falling as the last crossing, weighing nearly fifteen tons, was pulled out.
The object of the job was to extend the lengths of all existing main lines, loops and sidings at the North-or Auckland-end; and as this meant such long lengths of lines to be dealt with, it also became necessary to have the signals and points worked electrically. The railway track is now, therefore, all electrically track-circuited in the vicinity of the new points and cross-overs. This also meant that the present mechanical interlocking under the signal-box had to be entirely rebuilt, all the "sword" irons requiring to be recut in a temporary engineer's shop nearby. The position of the trains approaching the Junction, at the Auckland end, can now be seen on an illuminated diagram in the signal box.
The points are operated by 110 volt A. C. motors, and the home signals by motors of the same class; the new distant signals are of the three-position coloured light type, similar to those in use in the automatic signals around Auckland.
The electric work has been put in by Mr. E. H. Pritchard, Signal Foreman of the Department under Mr. R. A. Abel, Signal Inspector, of the Auckland District, and Mr. C. Hollis, Electric Inspector. About one hundred men were engaged on the work-it being the biggest change-over since that of the Dunedin station some years ago.
In place of the signal-post gantry holding the home signals, a very fine "bridge" type gantry has been erected, holding six signals.
The following week the whole of the interlocking in South Signal Cabin was completely re-organised, thus completing the change over at both North and South ends.
Frankton Junction Improvements.
1. The new signal gantry. 2. Relay box. 3. Lifting out the old signal gantry (weighing about 5 tons) by steam crane. 4. The two cranes at work.
Co-incident with the Yard alterations the whole of the electric power supply for railway purposes was changed over to the sub-station at the House Factory. This necessitated the installation of equipment of three outdoor sub-stations and additional electrical gear in the main sub-station.
New Zealand's Greatest Industry.
"Irradiated" Butter.
Sir William Arbuthnot Lane, the well-known surgeon and dietist, has put forth a theory which is of particular interest to New Zealand. He believes that foodstuffs grown in the sunny places of the earth, or produced from animals which feed on crops or pastures grown in countries blessed with an abundance of sun-shine-irradiated foodstuffs-possess a higher vitamin content than foodstuffs produced in countries not so favourably placed. Writing recently in "Emigration" he says:—
Australian and New Zealand butter is made from the milk of cows that feed in the open pastures all the year round, and is consequently very rich in Vitamins A and D, which are particularly valuable to us all during the winter months. It is especially good for children, because of its valuable property of stimulating growth and preventing rickets. Generally speaking the butter which comes to England from the Continent during the winter is made from the milk of stall-fed cows, and is deficient in those vitamins which so materially assist the constitution to resist colds and kindred complaints.
This view has just been endorsed by another famous dietist (Professor V. H. Mottram) in the course of a recent broadcast address from London:—
"If you take butter, milk, cheese, eggs and suet," observed Professor Mottram, "you get Vitamin A, and, most probably, Vitamin D. It is better to make sure of the latter, at any rate for children, in the winter by giving them cod liver oil; or you could use New Zealand or Australian butter and dried milk. By taking New Zealand or Australian butter in our winter you are taking what is really summer butter, and I believe the same applies to the dried milk. There is so much more sunlight, more ultra-violet light in the Antipodes, even in winter, than in this benighted country."
Professor Mottram added that diet should include a "Pan-vitamin" salad consisting of lettuce, endive, watercress, onions or tomatoes, with a dressing-of yolk of hard-boiled egg and cream added to the oil and vinegar. Such a salad, he said, would contain all the Vitamins that we run any risk of missing.
At Frankton Junction.
Steam crane raising about 15 tons of cross-overs.


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2002: I will begin making a strong effort to be out of debt by 1999.
2003: I will be totally out of debt by 2000.
2004: I will try to pay off the debt interest by 2001.
2002: I will try to be a better husband to Marge.
2003: I will not leave Marge.
2004: I will try for a reconciliation with Marge.
2005: I will try to be a better husband to Wanda.
2002: I will stop looking at other women.
2003: I will not get involved with Wanda.
2004: I will not let Wanda pressure me into another marriage.
2005: I will stop looking at other women.
2002: I will not let my boss push me around.
2003: I will not let my sadistic boss drive me to the point of suicide.
2004: I will stick up for my rights when my boss bullies me.
2005: I will tell Dr. Hodger and the group about my boss.
2002: I will not get upset when Charlie makes jokes about my baldness.
2003: I will not get annoyed when Charlie kids me about my toupee.
2004: I will not get angry when Charle tells the guys I wear a girdle.
2005: I will not speak to Charlie.
2002: I will see my dentist this year.
2003: I will have my cavities filled this year.
2004: I will have my root canal work done this year.
2005: I will get rid of my denture breath this year.
2002: I will go to church every Sunday.
2003: I will go to church as often as possible.
2004: I will set aside time each day for prayer and meditation.
2005: I will try to catch the late night sermonette on TV.


text:
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All Classes

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text:
Local Racing
Preventing suicide: A community toolkit
NewsLatest News
January 22 2014 - 4:09AM
Marine life joins the pool crowd at Towradgi
ANGELA THOMPSON
Teenagers who enjoyed the Towradgi rock pool in the 1960s now bring their families. Picture: SYLVIA LIBER
MERCURY SERIES - Saltwater Sanctuaries
After 20 years of swimming at Towradgi rock pool, Phil Murray's routine is entrenched.
Six mornings a week, he heads for the edge closest to the sea, swims one lap, then stops, stands, and thinks to himself: "How lucky am I?"
After another eight laps, he angles himself slightly so the 10th and final lap is performed diagonally, so he finishes at the ladder.
"That pool is the highlight of my day," Mr Murray said.
"To me, it's an indication of how lucky we are to be living in Wollongong, or Australia even."
Mr Murray's laps grew uncharacteristically directionless one day in June last year when he spotted a shark - later confirmed as a wobbegong - swimming underneath him in the opposite direction.
Close-up picture of the Towradgi wobbegong shark taken by keen diver Norm Hoyland.
It was nearly as long as he was tall. He turned and - fascinated - began trailing after the creature. Growing bolder, he reached down and gave it a pat.
"It just looked at me, then it kept going."
The wobbegong was a big story on the TV news that night, as the pool was closed and experts summoned from Sydney Aquarium to figure out how to return it to the open sea.
But as the Illawarra Mercury reported: "When a valve that lets water in and out of the pool was opened, the animal answered the call of the ocean, slipping through the pipe to freedom."
No such fanfare surrounded the visit of a soccer ball-sized octopus in the pool about four years earlier.
Towradgi ocean pool on New Year's Day 2014. Picture: Justin Beverstock Photography
The creature first let its presence be known to Mr Murray by brushing a tentacle against his foot as he was about to leave the water.
Over the next few weeks, he kept tabs on his little, speckled companion, which eventually took up residence in the pool outlet.
"I used to dive down and have a look at it," Mr Murray said. "I loved that octopus. I respected it and it respected me."
Towradgi pool was one of the last built in the Illawarra, opening in 1964 after five years' work by volunteers and contractors.
According to a 1964 report in the South Coast Times, the first rock was blasted out in October 1959 and the first concrete was poured a year later.
Noel Wonson, Russ Green, John Carter, Charlie Tickner and Graham Davis digging out Towradgi rock pool in 1959.
East Corrimal resident John Carter spent a good portion of his teen leisure time helping out at the construction site.
There were explosives used sometimes and men from the neighbourhood - many attached to the lifesaving club - would jackhammer away at the black rock in their 1950s short-shorts.
The younger ones would help by carrying the smaller bits of rock away to a stockpile.
"There was a lot of excitement because we were going to get a pool," Mr Carter said.
"We were just kids, hanging around the periphery helping when we were off school and at the weekend. [Few people] had cars to go around and do other things - we just used to go to the beach."
The pool - 50 metres by 25 metres with an adjoining toddlers' pool - was opened on October 10, 1964, at an official ceremony in chilly conditions.
The South Coast Times reported: "Only one girl wore a bikini - and she pulled on a cardigan to minimise shivers."
Paul Brennan has been visiting the pool for more than 20 years, since before he moved to Towradgi from Engadine 15 years ago.
Back then, he would come to the pool's edge for New Year's Eve to watch the fireworks explode down the coast with a handful of others who knew of the site's festive appeal.
"Life's changed, but this is similar to what it was doing back then," Mr Brennan said.
"Scenery. View. Salt water. It's good for the skin, you're out in the sun, out in the environment. It takes away some of the everyday pressures."
Read more stories from this series
Discuss "Marine life joins the pool crowd at Towradgi"
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'I couldn't get out:' Wollongong mum Lily Despatoski sentenced over cannabis syndicate role
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Illawarra Mercury


text:
King Juan Carlos of Spain to abdicated in favor…
King Juan Carlos of Spain to abdicated in favor of his son
In this photo released by the Royal Palace on Monday June 2, 2014 and distributed by Spain's national agency EFE, Spain's King Juan Carlos makes a televised speech Monday in the Zarzuela Palace in Madrid announcing his abdication. Spain's King Juan Carlos plans to abdicate and pave the way for his son, Crown Prince Felipe, to take over, Spanish Prime Minister Mariano Rajoy told the country Monday in an announcement broadcast nationwide. The 76-year-old Juan Carlos oversaw his country's transition from dictatorship to democracy but has had repeated health problems in recent years. (AP Photo/Spanish Royal Palace/EFE)
PUBLISHED: June 2, 2014 at 9:38 a.m. | UPDATED: August 29, 2017 at 5:46 a.m.
MADRID — Spain's King Juan Carlos, who led Spain's transition from dictatorship to democracy but faced royal scandals amid the nation's near financial meltdown, announced Monday he will abdicate in favor of his son, making way for a "new generation."
The king told Spaniards in a nationwide address that he first started thinking seriously about giving up the throne when he turned 76 in January.
He said Monday that the 46-year-old Crown Prince Felipe is ready for the post and will "open a new era of hope combining his acquired experience and the drive of a new generation."
The abdication was first announced by Prime Minister Mariano Rajoy, who did not say when the handover would happen because the government must now craft a law creating a legal mechanism for the abdication and for Felipe's assumption of power.
Juan Carlos has been on the throne for 39 years and was a hero to many for shepherding Spain's democratic and economic transformation, but has had repeated health problems in recent years.
His longstanding popularity took a big blow following royal scandals, including an elephant-shooting trip he took in the middle of Spain's financial crisis during which he broke his right hip and had to be flown from Botswana back to Spain aboard a private jet for medical treatment.
The king's image was also tarnished by the investigation of his son-in-law, who is suspected of embezzling large amounts in public contracts.
His daughter Princess Cristina in January was forced to testify in the fraud and money-laundering case targeting her husband Inaki Urdangarin, an Olympic handball medalist turned businessman. She became the first Spanish royal to be questioned in court since Juan Carlos took the throne.
In his speech the king did not mention any of the scandals, and played down his health issues.
Felipe would presumably take the title King Felipe IV. He has a law degree from Madrid's Autonomous University and obtained a masters in international relations from Georgetown University in the United States.
Felipe is married to Princess Letizia, a former television journalist, and they have two daughters.
Like his father, Felipe has traveled the globe trying to maintain Spain's influence especially in former Latin American colonies, while seeking to promote the nation's international business interests.
King Juan Carlos came to power in 1975, two days after the death of longtime dictator Francisco Franco. He endeared himself to many Spaniards, in large part by putting down an attempted military coup in 1981 when he was a young and largely untested head of state.
As Spain's new democracy matured over the years and Spain transformed itself from a European economic laggard into the continent's fourth largest economy, the king played a largely figurehead role, traveling the globe as an ambassador for the country. He was also a stabilizing force in a country with restive, independence-minded regions such as the Basque region and Catalonia.
"He has been a tireless defender of our interests," Rajoy said.
Juan Carlos has melded the trappings of royalty with down-to-earth, regular-guy charm. The king is an avid sports fan and after the Madrid terror bombings of March 11, 2004, showed he could grieve like anyone else.
At an emotional state funeral for the 191 people killed in the train bombings by Islamic militants, Juan Carlos and Queen Sofia slowly went row-by-row through Madrid's Almudena Cathedral, clasping the hands of sobbing mourners or kissing them on the cheek.
But his patient work nearly came undone during the financial crisis, with people questioning after the elephant-hunting trip whether a hereditary monarchy was needed.
The World Wildlife Fund's branch in Spain ousted Juan Carlos as its honorary president — a title he'd held since 1968 — after deciding the hunt was incompatible with its goal of conserving endangered species. Juan Carlos took the unprecedented step of apologizing to Spaniards for his actions.
He recently said that he wanted to be remembered as "the king who has united all Spaniards."
King Juan Carlos goes down a path increasingly traveled by European royalty.
Last year Belgium's King Albert handed over the throne of his fractious kingdom to his son, Crown Prince Philippe. Two months earlier, Queen Beatrix of the Netherlands stepped down after a 33-year reign in favor of her eldest son, who was appointed King Willem-Alexander.
It was a break with tradition, but not as big as the decision early last year by Pope Benedict XVI to resign, a move that stunned Catholics around the world.
The two royal successions in Belgium and the Netherlands have been smooth and successful.
Associated Press writer Raf Casert contributed to this report from Brussels.


Stink Moody is at it again. He has money to spend and to the candy store he goes. He buys a giant Jawbreaker, and spends a long time finishing it all the way down. But he is disappointed it did not live up to his expectations so he writes the candy company a letter. And to his surprise they send him a giant box of candy, jawbreakers, gum and more. So he starts writing letters to all kinds of places like a chocolate bar company, the city works and more, and soon the free stuff starts piling in. But what is a boy in grade 2 supposed to do with all this stuff? Stink is so excited about his boxes of free stuff that he slips an envelope to the bottom of the pile where it gets lost in all his excitement.
Sometimes what we do, or even what we do not do, can cause real consequences in our lives, our families and with our friendships. Stink realizes he has made a giant mistake and with the help of his dad and teacher hopes to be able to make things right. Read this great Stink adventure to find out if he can. This is another amazing book by Megan McDonald and Peter H Reynolds. Well worth reading!


The vet called me this morning from the vet school with an update on Kasane. She is doing well and has been getting the radioactive substance via IV. Everyone loves her because she is so well behaved and sweet. Proud of my girl.
I went to the vet school to see her during lunch. I missed her by the amount of time it took for me to return to the car to put the parking permit in the dash and come back. Her stall was empty and roped off with radioactive warnings.


text:
Q: Как отследить общее время выполнения всех потоков? Простой скрипт:
import threading
import time
total = 0
lock = threading.Lock()
def update_total(amount):
    global total, lock
    time.sleep(2)
    lock.acquire()
    time.sleep(0.2)
    total += amount
    print(total)
    lock.release()

if __name__ == '__main__':
    for i in range(10):
        my_thread = threading.Thread(target=update_total, args=(5,))
        my_thread.start()

2 вопроса:
1) Как отследить время выполнения всех потоков? Если я в потоках буду забивать какие то переменные start  и finish, то мне нужно их вывести в основном потоке после выполнения всех потоков.
2) Как вывести total после обработки всеми потоками в основном потоке?

A: Нашел решение:
import threading
import time
total = 0
lock = threading.Lock()
def update_total(amount):
    global total, lock
    time.sleep(2)
    lock.acquire()
    time.sleep(0.2)
    total += amount
    print(total)
    lock.release()

threads=[]
if __name__ == '__main__':
    start = time.time()
    for i in range(10):
        my_thread = threading.Thread(target=update_total, args=(5,))
        my_thread.start()
        threads.append(my_thread)
    for thread in threads:
        thread.join()
    print("Total:"+str(total))
    print("runtime: {:0.2f}".format(time.time()-start))


5. Don't ask for too much too soon.
6. Understand the Complexity of the Keyword Universe. B2B marketplaces provide a significant challenge in determining the keywords used to find a product or service. These are often complex, non-commoditized solutions. In many cases, they're new technology. This means that a common vocabulary hasn't evolved around them. When you're selling shoes, you know that everyone calls them shoes. But when you're selling software that enables real time inventory tracking and just in time product delivery, the name tag you pin on that isn't as easy.
First of all, there's often a difference between what the vendor might call the product and what the potential customer might call it. And when it comes to intercepting search traffic, the customer is ALWAYS right. I don't care what your internal rules are for referring to your product. I don't care how you position yourself against the competitors and what your unique competitive advantage is, even if your marketing team has cleverly baked it right into your product name. It really doesn't matter–if no one is searching for it. First match the vocabulary of your customer, and then worry about differentiating yourself.
The second challenge is that if you have a new solution, potential customers might not even know they're looking for it. Often you have to position yourself at the pain point, or that of a more commonly known solution, and then try to divert them to your site. Just remember, the closer you can align to the customer's thinking in your search listing messaging, the more successful you'll be in capturing the click.
7. Know the roles of general and vertical search portals. The more complex the solution, the more likely it is that your potential customers will be researching their options online. This means that two distinct types of search portals will come into play. Early in the process, everyone will turn to his favorite search engine. And from past research, we know that the overwhelming winner in the B2B category is Google.
But complex purchases mean that prospects will want to check features and compare their alternatives. They'll also want to see how others feel about your product and service. They'll be looking for functionality and a depth of information that a general search property just can't provide, and that is when they'll go vertical.
The next step in the research process is to find the sites that list the alternatives and provide the opportunity to compare them head to head. And if you're looking to intercept them, you should really be in both places.
To identify these all-important vertical properties, you can do three things. First of all, once you identify the right key phrases, do searches for them on the major engines, particularly Google. See which vertical reference sites come to the top of the listings. These are the ones your potential customers will be clicking through to. Secondly, ask your existing customers how they found you, and what sites they tend to refer to. Thirdly, use a service like Hitwise or comScore's qSearch to find out what the heavily trafficked sites in your vertical are. Identify the most likely places to intercept your prospects.
8. Realize that education is a necessary evil. Much as we'd like the prospect to buy immediately, it just isn't that likely in a complex buying situation. They're going to be spending a lot of time researching and educating themselves on the ins and outs of your product and on what you can provide as a vendor. If you accept this as a given, then you can start tailoring your search campaign to facilitate it.
Remember that the intent of search visitors will usually be education, not purchase. Make sure you're giving them this option. Make the education path a rich relationship development pipeline, not an obstacle path that has to be navigated. Encourage further education opportunities through your landing pages.
But–and this is vitally important–don't offer so many possible paths that the visitor gives up and abandons the site. Use effective branching and messaging to allow users to get to what they're looking for without having to interpret a lot of corporate doublespeak and marketing jargon.
9. Be prepared to lose control. This one is a tough one for the sales department. Accept the fact that you're not at the wheel, your prospect is. The fact that this is a complex sale, the fact that they're looking for more information, and the fact that they're going to be spending a long time in making their decision all indicate they'll be setting their own pace and contacting you when they're ready.
Embrace and facilitate this. Understand where a search-generated lead will be entering your pipeline. Know what they'll be looking for. Be comfortable letting them guide the relationship and give them every opportunity to build that relationship. This is much more like farming than hunting. Plant the seeds, nurture them and let nature take its course. If you try to force the prospect's hand, you could push them right into the arms of your competitors.
10. Understand the buying process of your prospect, but don't surrender to it. The bigger and more complex the sale, the more cumbersome the buying process. The better you understand this process, the more likely you will be to make the process work in your favor.
If what you sell typically goes to RFP, help facilitate the process, but stack the odds in your favor. Help the prospect define the core set of criteria, ensuring that your unique competitive advantage is on the list. If they're coming to you after they already have their preferred vendor, redefine the pain in a way that puts you at an advantage. This means maintaining a tricky balance between being helpful and not being too obvious in pushing your sales message. The best way to maintain this balance is to step through the paths you're presenting to your prospects in their mindset. Be mindful of the process they're going through, and see if you're presenting a path that's helpful and believable.
Using search as a B2B lead-gen channel provides some unique challenges, but it can be very powerful. These are purchases that require a significant amount of online research. We know that's a perfect fit for search, but just be prepared to be patient for the payoff.


>> Don't forget that most users will get the address out of "some"
>> cache, not directly from the authoritative servers.
> probably cover 90%+ of their clients.
>> RTT means almost always hitting the fastest server.
> to evaluate the results.
> possibly save anyone else anyway, so perhaps that's my answer.
> I appreciate all the input.
far as the client is concerned.
IPv6 address and starting configuring zones.
have major power grid separation.
P.S. Maybe you would like to use that box I have for a tertiary server.