text:
Bar Harbor Music Festival returns for 56th season
Founded in 1967 by Violinist and Conductor Francis Fortier, The Bar Harbor Music Festival celebrates its 56th season with performances from June 26 through July 24. Performances in Bar Harbor are solo recitals, chamber music, "Pops," "New Composers," opera, jazz, two string orchestra concerts, and a "New Composer" Forum; as well as six free Young Audience Concerts. Performances in Belfast are three piano recitals and a chamber music concert of flute music.
Sunday, June 26, at 4 p.m. The "La Rochelle" Bar Harbor Historical Society mansion will be the setting for the Festival's Opening Day Tea Concert in which soprano April Martin collaborates with pianist Cara Chowning in a program of "Sweet Dreams, Shining Stars and Sentiments of Love." Music by Mendelssohn, Liszt, Debussy, Poulenc, Florence Price, and more. April Martin is hailed by Opera News as "a stand out" and the winner of the 2021 WNYC songSlam competition.
Wednesday June 29, at 7:30 p.m. Brass Venture" returns for Opening Night at the Criterion Theater, with special guests composer Eric Ewazen as well as players from the MDIHS music department. The program is full of classical favorites for brass by Bach, Brahms, Bernstein, Sousa, and Puccini, plus the "Acadia" Suite by Eric Ewazen, and the Gabrieli "Canzona" with MDIHS brass.
Friday, July 1, at 7:30 p.m. Pianist Matthew Graybil makes his Festival debut at the Criterion Theatre. "One of the most sensitive, poetic young pianists," according to Fanfare Magazine. Program of music by Chopin, Liszt, Rameau, Beethoven, and Stravinsky.
Saturday, July 2, at 7:30 p.m. Festival favorite pianist Christopher Johnson will perform a solo piano recital at the Criterion Theatre. Works by Beethoven, Rachmaninoff, Gershwin, Chopin, Liszt, and a world premiere by Deborah Fortier. Johnson is the recent winner of the first Josef Lhevinne Award to a pianist "possessing a brilliant technique coupled with a deep musical understanding."
Tuesday, July 5, at 10:30 a.m. The Festival's first Young Audience Concert takes place at the Criterion, featuring "Willie was Different," by Norman Rockwell, and music for flute, clarinet, and piano. Allison Kiger, flute, Eric Thomas, clarinet, Christina Spurling, piano, with narrator Reed Muise of Blue Hill. All Young Audience Concerts are free to the public.
Tuesday, July 5, at 7:30 p.m. "A lovely flutist," according to New Jersey Classical, Allison Kiger will take the stage at The 1932 Criterion Theatre for a program of music by Ludwig van Beethoven. She is joined by Beethoven expert Christopher Johnson on piano for Sonata in F Major, Op. 17, National Airs and Variations, Op. 105, movements from Symphonies nos 5 and 7, and the Serenade for Flute, violin, and viola Op. 25 with Concetta Abbate, violin, and Stan Renard, viola. Also on the program is the Bohème Fantasy for flute and piano, giving the audience a preview of Puccini's melodies for the Festival's opera production of La Bohème on July 15.
Wednesday, July 6, at 5:30 p.m. The 26th Annual "New Composers" Forum will take place at St. Saviour's Episcopal Church. Composer Anna-Louise Walton leads the panel on the topic "Composers as Artist of Time," including a Q & A with the audience. Musicians Daniel Pyle, Eric Thomas, Skip La Plante, and Allison Kiger will also preview the "New Composers" Concert. This one-hour event is free to the public.
Thursday, July 7, at 10:30 a.m. Young Audience Concert No. 2 features award-winning composer and music educator Skip La Plante leading an instrument-making workshop at the Jesup Memorial Library outdoor tent. This event is free to children of all ages.
Friday July 8, at 7:30 p.m. The 38th Annual "New Composers" Concert to be held at St. Saviour's Episcopal Church will feature organist Daniel Pyle in solo and chamber works including three world premieres by Anna-Louise Walton, Skip La Plante and Eric Thomas, with Allison Kiger, flute and Laurie Bennett, vocals. Alex Ross of The New York Times described La Plante's music as "Bewitchingly beautiful and complex sounds". Additional works by Daniel Weaver and David Hurd.
Sunday, July 10, at 7:30 p.m. The Annual "Pops" Concert takes place at the Criterion with "Golden Songs from the Golden Era." Downeast artists Celine Mogielnicki and Isaac Bray perform songs of Richards Rodgers and Oscar Hammerstein with Cara Chowing, pianist. A special pre-concert buffet dinner is available at the Fogtown Brewery in Bar Harbor, starting at 5:30 p.m.
Monday, July 11, at 10:30 a.m. Young Audience Concert No. 3 takes place at the Criterion Theater. "Peter and the Wolf" will be performed by Antonio Galera, piano and Deborah Fortier, narrator. This event is free to children of all ages.
Tuesday, July 12, at 7:30 p.m. Festival favorite Antonio Galera, pianist, returns to Bar Harbor to perform at the Criterion. He will perform a solo piano recital of all Spanish music by Albeniz, Asenio, De Falla, Sánchez Benimeli, Coli, and Ginastera. Critics rave Galera is "an especially refined tone poet on the piano."
Friday, July 15, at 7:30 p.m. Fully staged "La Bohème," Puccini's beloved love story, will be presented by the Bar Harbor Music Festival's Opera Theatre at The 1932 Criterion Theatre. Directed by Joseph DeSota, the cast includes some of the country's top young operatic talent, with piano accompaniment by Music Director Cara Chowning.
Saturday, July 16, at 7:30 p.m. The beloved Ardelia Trio will return to the Criterion Theater performing music by Mozart, Smetana, Frank Bridge and Sophia Serghi, who will join the trio for special Q & A with the audience. The members of the Trio, Janey Choi, Violinist, Clara Yang, Cellist, and Jihea Hong Park, Pianist have been playing together since their early student years in Seoul, Korea. Korea's EBS Network Evening News said it well: "…There is something very special and unique about the way they present classical music."
Sunday July 17, at 1 p.m. Young Audience Concert No. 4 with the Wolverine Jazz Band trio at the Criterion. This event is free to children of all ages.
Sunday, July 17, at 7:30 p.m. The Wolverine Jazz Band, one of Boston's top Dixieland and traditional jazz and swing bands, appears for the 17th consecutive season with Jazz Night at The 1932 Criterion Theatre. John Clark, clarinet/sax, and Jimmy Mazzy, banjo, lead the band.
Monday, July 18, at 7:30 p.m. Pianist Kayoung An performs music by Handel, Mozart, Bolcom, and Brahms at the Criterion Theatre.
Wednesday, July 20, at 11 a.m. Young Audience Concert No. 5 offers an open rehearsal with Maestro Francis Fortier and the Bar Harbor Festival String Orchestra at the Criterion featuring Mozart, Vivaldi, and more with pianist Kayoung An.
Thursday, July 21, at 10:30 a.m. Young Audience Concert No. 6 presents Hawk Henries with his Native American flutes at the Jesup Memorial Library outdoor tent.
Friday, July 22, at 7:30 p.m. The Sixteenth Annual Bob Noonan Memorial Concert is scheduled at the Criterion Theatre. Francis Fortier will conduct the Bar Harbor Festival String Orchestra with Kayoung An, Piano Soloist. Music by Mozart, Vivaldi, Mendelssohn, and Dvorak.
Sunday, July 24, at 7:30 p.m. The Festival Gala will bring down the curtain on the 2022 season at The 1932 Criterion Theatre. Francis Fortier leads the Festival String Orchestra with an extraordinary program of music by J.S. Bach, Elgar, and more. Violin soloists Janey Choi and Erika Atchley. Pre-concert buffet dinner available at the Fogtown Brewery for $45.
Tickets are $30 and student tickets are $15. Pops, Jazz, and Gala tickets are $45, with additional Pre-Concert Buffet available before the Pops and Gala at Fogtown Brewery for $45. Opera tickets are $35, $50, and $80. All tickets entitle the purchaser to a reserved seat. A Season Subscription for $350 saves 20% off the single reserved ticket price, and gives you the best seats in the house, as well as entrée to rehearsals. For tickets and information, visit barharbormusicfestival.org or contact Bar Harbor Music Festival in person at The Rodick Building located at 59 Cottage St., Bar Harbor, or by telephone at 207-288-5744, or email at [email protected]
bar harbor maine, music


Item was shipped fast and in perfect condition. However there is no customer support. The one phone number I found was disconnected. Facebook was no help. Everything in forums is old and outdated. I see no business here only a place to ship goods.


Discover the people, places and culture of Tasman District.
This section contains recommended websites, booklists and lists of local archives and organisations which can help you with local history or genealogy research. You will discover more family and local history material in the Non-Fiction, Local History and Reference sections of our libraries.
Explore the history of Tasman Region.


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19 - Site-Specific Dual-Labeling of Proteins on Cysteine Residues with Chlorotetrazines.
18 - 89Zr-immunoPET in oncology: state of the art 89Zr-radiochemistry.
Chemistry - A European Journal (2015), 21 (37), 13091-13099.
P-E. Doulain, R. Decréau, C. Racoeur, V. Goncalves, L. Dubrez, A. Bettaieb, P. Le Gendre, F. Denat, C. Paul, C. Goze, E. Bodio.
B. Brizet, V. Goncalves, C. Bernhard, P. D. Harvey, F. Denat, C. Goze.
J.A. Hutton, V. Goncalves, J.A. Brannigan, D. Paape, M.H. Wright, T.M. Waugh, S.M. Roberts A.S. Bell, A.J. Wilkinson, D.F. Smith, R.J. Leatherbarrow, E.W. Tate.
V. Goncalves, J.A. Brannigan, D. Whalley, B. Saxty, A.A. Holder, A.J. Wilkinson, E.W. Tate, R.J. Leatherbarrow.
08 - A fluorescence-based assay for N-myristoyltransferase activity.
B. Gautier, V. Goncalves, D. Diana, R. Di Stasi, F. Teillet, C. Lenoir, F. Huguenot, C. Garbay, R. Fattorusso, L. Domenico D'Andrea, M. Vidal, N. Inguimbert.
V. Goncalves, B. Gautier, F. Huguenot, P. Leproux, C. Garbay, M. Vidal, N. Inguimbert.
V. Goncalves, B. Gautier, C. Garbay, M. Vidal, N. Inguimbert.
V. Goncalves, B. Gautier, A. Regazzetti, P. Coric, S. Bouaziz, C. Garbay, M. Vidal, N. Inguimbert.
V. Goncalves, B. Gautier, P. Coric, S. Bouaziz, C. Lenoir, C. Garbay, M. Vidal, N. Inguimbert.


text:
\section{Introduction}
\label{intro}
Active inference is an emerging paradigm from neuroscience~\citep{Friston2017}, which postulates that action selection in biological systems, in particular the human brain, is in effect an inference problem where agents are attracted to a preferred prior state distribution in a hidden state space. Contrary to many state-of-the art RL algorithms, active inference agents are not purely goal directed and exhibit an inherent epistemic exploration \citep{Schwartenbeck2018}. In neuroscience, the idea of using active inference~\citep{Friston2010,Friston2006} to solve different control and learning tasks has already been explored~\citep{Friston2012a, Friston2013, Friston2017}. These approaches however make use of manually engineered transition models and predefined, often discrete, state spaces.

In this work we make a first step towards extrapolating this inference approach to action selection by artificial agents by the use of neural networks for learning a state space, as well as models for posterior and prior beliefs over these states. We demonstrate that by minimizing the variational free energy a dynamics model can be learned from the problem environment, which is sufficient to reconstruct and predict environment observations. This dynamics model can be leveraged to perform inference on possible actions as well as to learn habitual policies.

\section{Active Inference \& the free energy principle}
\label{ai}
Free energy is a commonly used quantity in many scientific and engineering disciplines, describing
the amount of work a (thermodynamic) system can perform. Physical systems will always move towards a state of minimal free energy. In active inference the concept of variational free energy is utilized to describe the drive of organisms to self-organisation. The free energy principle states that every organism entertains an internal model of the world, and implicitly tries to minimize the difference between what it believes about the world and what it perceives, thus minimizing its own variational free energy~\citep{Friston2010}, or alternatively the Bayesian surprise.
Concretely this means that every organism or agent will actively drive itself towards preferred world states, a kind of global prior, that it believes a priori it will visit. In the context of learning to act, this surprise minimization boils down to two distinct objectives. On the one hand the agent actively samples the world to fine tune its internal model of the world and better explain observations. On the other hand the agent will be driven to visit preferred states which carry little expected free energy.

Formally, an agent entertains a generative model $P(\tilde{{\bm{o}}},\tilde{{\bm{a}}},\tilde{{\bm{s}}})$ of the environment, which specifies the joint probability of observations, actions and their hidden causes, where actions are determined by some policy $\pi$. The reader is referred to Appendix \ref{Appendix:Glossary} for an overview of the used notation.

If the environment is modelled as a Markov Decision Process (MDP) this generative model factorizes as:
\begin{equation}
   \label{eq:factor}
   P(\tilde{{\bm{o}}}, \tilde{{\bm{a}}}, \tilde{{\bm{s}}}) = P(\pi)P({\bm{s}}_0)\prod_{t=1}^{T}P({\bm{o}}_t|{\bm{s}}_t)P({\bm{s}}_{t}|{\bm{s}}_{t-1}, {\bm{a}}_{t})P({\bm{a}}_{t}|\pi)
\end{equation}

The free energy or Bayesian surprise is then defined as:
\begin{equation}
   \label{eq:free-energy}
   \begin{split}
      F &= \mathbb{E}_Q [ \log Q(\tilde{{\bm{s}}}) - \log P(\tilde{{\bm{s}}},\tilde{{\bm{o}}} )] \\
        &= D_{\mathrm{KL}} (Q(\tilde{{\bm{s}}}) \Vert P(\tilde{{\bm{s}}} | \tilde{{\bm{o}}}) ) - \log P(\tilde{{\bm{o}}}) \\
        &= D_{\mathrm{KL}} (Q(\tilde{{\bm{s}}}) \Vert P(\tilde{{\bm{s}}})) - \mathbb{E}_{Q} [ \log P(\tilde{{\bm{o}}} | \tilde{{\bm{s}}})]
   \end{split}
\end{equation}

where $Q(\tilde{{\bm{s}}})$ is an approximate posterior distribution. The second equality shows that the free energy is minimized when the KL divergence term becomes zero, meaning that the approximate posterior becomes the true posterior, in which case the free energy becomes the negative log evidence. The third equality then becomes the negative evidence lower bound (ELBO), as we know from variational autoencoders (VAE) \citep{Kingma13, Rezende14}.
For a complete derivation the reader is referred to Appendix \ref{Appendix:Free-energy}.

In active inference agents pick actions that will result in visiting states of low expected free energy. Concretely, agents do this by sampling actions from a prior belief about policies according to how much expected free energy that policy will induce. According to \cite{Schwartenbeck2018} this means that the probability of picking a policy is given by
\begin{equation}
   \label{eq:G}
   \begin{split}
      P(\pi) &= \sigma(-\gamma G (\pi)) \\
      G(\pi) &= \sum_{\tau}^{T} G(\pi, \tau)
   \end{split}
\end{equation}
where $\sigma$ is the softmax function with precision parameter $\gamma$, which governs the agent's goal-directedness and randomness in its behavior. $G$ is the expected free energy at future time-step $\tau$  under policy $\pi$, which can be expanded into:
\begin{equation}
   \label{eq:G-complete}
   \begin{split}
      G(\pi, \tau) &= \mathbb{E}_{Q({\bm{o}}_{\tau}, {\bm{s}}_{\tau} \vert \pi)} [ \log Q({\bm{s}}_{\tau} \vert \pi) - \log P({\bm{o}}_{\tau}, {\bm{s}}_{\tau} \vert \pi)] \\
                   &= \mathbb{E}_{Q({\bm{o}}_{\tau}, {\bm{s}}_{\tau} \vert \pi)} [ \log Q({\bm{s}}_{\tau} \vert \pi) - \log P({\bm{o}}_\tau \vert {\bm{s}}_\tau, \pi) - \log P({\bm{s}}_\tau \vert \pi)] \\
                   &= D_{\mathrm{KL}} (Q({\bm{s}}_\tau | \pi) \Vert P({\bm{s}}_\tau)) + \mathbb{E}_{Q({\bm{s}}_\tau)} [ H(P({\bm{o}}_\tau \vert {\bm{s}}_\tau))]
  \end{split}
\end{equation}
We used $Q({\bm{o}}_\tau,{\bm{s}}_\tau \vert \pi) = P({\bm{o}}_\tau \vert {\bm{s}}_\tau)Q({\bm{s}}_\tau \vert \pi)$ and that the prior probability $P({\bm{s}}_\tau \vert \pi)$ is given by a preferred state distribution $P({\bm{s}}_\tau)$. This results into two terms: a KL divergence term between the predicted states and the prior preferred states, and an entropy term reflecting the expected ambiguity under predicted states. Action selection in active inference thus entails:
\begin{enumerate}
   \item Evaluate $G(\pi)$ for each policy $\pi$
   \item Calculate the belief over policies $P(\pi)$
   \item Infer the next action using $P(\pi)P({\bm{a}}_{t+1} \vert \pi)$
\end{enumerate}
However, examples applying this principle are often limited to cases with a discrete number of predefined policies, as otherwise calculating $P(\pi)$ becomes intractable \citep{Friston2017}.

\section{Neural networks as density estimators}
\label{nn}
In order to overcome the intractability of calculating $P(\pi)$ we characterize the approximate posterior with a neural network with parameters $\phi$ according to the following factorization:
\begin{equation*}
   Q(\tilde{{\bm{s}}}) = \prod_{t=1}^{T} q_{\phi}({\bm{s}}_{t} | {\bm{s}}_{t-1}, {\bm{a}}_{t}, {\bm{o}}_{t})
\end{equation*}
Similarly we parameterise a likelihood model $p_{\xi}({\bm{o}}_{t}|{\bm{s}}_{t})$ and dynamics model $p_{\theta}({\textnormal{s}}_t | {\textnormal{s}}_{t-1}, {\textnormal{a}}_{t-1})$ as neural networks with parameters $\xi$ and $\theta$. These networks output a multivariate Gaussian distribution with diagonal covariance matrix using the reparametrization trick from \cite{Kingma13}.

Minimizing the free energy then boils down to minimizing the objective:
\begin{equation}
   \label{eq:model-obj}
   \forall t : \underset{\phi, \theta, \xi}{\text{minimize}}: -\log p_{\xi}({\bm{o}}_{t}|{\bm{s}}_{t})
   + D_{\mathrm{KL}} (q_{\phi}({\bm{s}}_t | {\bm{s}}_{t-1}, {\bm{a}}_{t}, {\bm{o}}_t) \Vert p_{\theta}({\bm{s}}_t | {\bm{s}}_{t-1}, {\bm{a}}_{t}))
\end{equation}

The negative log likelihood term of the objective punishes reconstruction error, forcing all information from the observations into the state space. The KL term pulls the prior distribution, or the state transition model, to the posterior model, also known as the observation model, forcing it to learn to encode state distributions from which observations can be reconstructed without having actual access to these observations. This can be interpreted as a variational autoencoder (VAE), where instead of a global prior, the prior is given by the state transition model.

Action selection is then realized by using the state transition model to sample future states, given a sequence of (randomly sampled) actions. For each action sequence we evaluate $G$ and we execute the first action of the sequence with minimal $G$. Any random sampling strategy can be used, for example the cross entropy method~\cite{Rubinstein96}.

The cumbersome sampling according to expected free energy can be avoided by using amortized inference. In this case we also instantiate a ``habit'' policy $P({\bm{a}}_t \vert {\bm{s}}_t)$ as a neural network that maps states to actions in a deterministic or stochastic way. We can train this neural network using back propagation by minimizing $G$.

Crucially, we still need to define the preferred states or global prior $P({\bm{s}}_\tau)$. When we have access to a reward signal, this can be converted to a preferred state prior by putting more probability density on rewarding states. Otherwise, we can initialize the system with a flat prior (each state is equally preferred), and increase the probability of rewarding states as we visit them. When we have access to an expert, we can use expert demonstrations to provide a prior on preferred states, i.e. the states visited by the expert policy. An overview of the various models and train losses is shown in Figure~\ref{fig:training}.
\begin{figure}[t!]
   \centering
   \includegraphics[width=5in]{active-inference1.png}
   \caption{The various components of the agent and their corresponding training losses.
   We minimize the variational free energy by minimizing both the negative log likelihood of observations and the KL divergence between the state transition model and the observation model. The inferred hidden state is characterized as a multivariate Gaussian distribution. Policy learning is achieved by minimizing the expected free energy $G$ between the state distribution visited by the policy according to the State Transition Model and the state distribution visited by the expert.}
   \label{fig:training}
\end{figure}

\section{Experiments}
\label{results}
We validate our theoretical framework on the continuous mountain car problem from the OpenAI Gym~\citep{gym}, adapted to only provide noisy observations (and no access to the velocity state). This environment, although quite simple in terms of problem complexity, proves a good initial trial problem due to greedy approaches failing at it.

We instantiate the state transition model, observation model and likelihood models as fully connected neural networks with 64 hidden units. The agent's internal state is parameterised as an 8 dimensional multivariate Gaussian ${\bm{s}}$. We bootstrap the model by training on a random agent and optimizing Eq.~\ref{eq:model-obj}. Our random agent samples actions uniformly in $[-1,1]$, with a 90\% chance of repeating the previous action. Figure~\ref{fig:states} shows a plot of the evolution of the means of the internal states during a random rollout, whilst Figure~\ref{fig:predictions} shows reconstructions from both the state transition model and observation model from the same rollout. Note that the state transition model has no access to any observations. The closeness between ground truth observations and state transition model reconstructions illustrates that the agent has successfully learned an internal world representation sufficient to predict the world evolution from a single initial observation.

To construct a preferred state prior, we manually execute 5 ``expert rollouts'' in the environment. These rollouts can be seen in Figure~\ref{fig:expert}. From these rollouts a preferred state distribution is extracted (Figure~\ref{fig:expert-states}). You can see that in the beginning of the sequence, there is a variance on the preferred states, whereas towards the end the preferred state distribution is peaked around the state reflecting the car being on the top of the mountain. This is equivalent with a sparse reward signal when reaching the mountain top at the end of the sequence. Similarly, one can also engineer a preferred state prior based on the reward signal, which we discuss in Appendix~\ref{Appendix:Rewards}

We now use this state policy for action selection according the active inference scheme. We sample random rollouts using the state transition model and calculate the expected free energy G for each. This indeed selects rollouts that successfully reach the mountain top as shown in Figure~\ref{fig:g-rollouts}. Next, we also train a policy by minimizing $G$ at every timestep as defined in Eq~\ref{eq:G-complete}. After training, this policy is indeed able to generalize to any starting position, consistently reaching the mountain top.

\begin{figure}[t!]
    \centering
    \begin{subfigure}[t]{0.49\textwidth}
        \centering
        \includegraphics[width=0.9\textwidth]{results/states.png}
        \caption{Resulting state space during a role-out.}
        \label{fig:states}
    \end{subfigure}
    \begin{subfigure}[t]{0.49\textwidth}
        \centering
        \includegraphics[width=0.9\textwidth]{results/predictions.png}
        \caption{Predicted observations plotted on top of the ground truth observations.}
        \label{fig:predictions}
    \end{subfigure}
    \caption{Results of the model training stage. In Figure (a) we see that every parameter of the eight dimensional state space encodes some element contributing to the prediction.
    Figure (b) shows that the models are capable of predicting ground truth observations, indicating that they accurately learned the environment dynamics.
    }
    \label{fig:model-training}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}[t!]
    \centering
    \begin{subfigure}[t]{0.45\textwidth}
        \includegraphics[width=0.9\textwidth]{results/demonstrations.png}
        \caption{Expert roll-outs from 5 different start positions.}
        \label{fig:expert}
    \end{subfigure}\quad
    \begin{subfigure}[t]{0.45\textwidth}
        \includegraphics[width=0.9\textwidth]{results/demonstration_states.png}
        \caption{Preferred state distribution from expert roll-outs. Each curve indicates the distribution of a latent dimension during rollout.}
        \label{fig:expert-states}
    \end{subfigure}
    \begin{subfigure}[t]{0.45\textwidth}
        \includegraphics[width=0.9\textwidth]{results/G_rollouts.png}
        \caption{Random imaginary rollouts with expected free~energy G, represented in the color bar. Lower G is better.}
        \label{fig:g-rollouts}
    \end{subfigure}\quad
    \begin{subfigure}[t]{0.45\textwidth}
        \includegraphics[width=0.9\textwidth]{results/policy.png}
        \caption{Actual policy rollouts with different starting positions.}
        \label{fig:apprentice-policy}
    \end{subfigure}
    \caption{Results of the policy learning. From expert rollouts (a) we distill a preferred state distribution (b). Sampling imaginary rollouts of the state transition model results in better rollouts having lower expected free energy G (c). We can use this sampling to train an amortized active inference policy that successfully solves the environment from any starting position (d).}
    \label{fig:policy-learning}
\end{figure}

\section{Related Work}
\label{related}
Model-free RL has been successfully proven to work on many game playing~\citep{Silver2016,Hessel2017} and robotics problems~\citep{Yahya2017, Kalashnikov2018}. However, there are still some outstanding challenges, such as the issue of reward engineering~\citep{Popov17}, generalizing to other environments~\citep{Lanctot17}, and sample inefficiency~\citep{Yu2018}.

Recently there have been promising advancements in the area of model-based RL. Ha et al. \cite{Ha2018} train a variational autoencoder (VAE) in conjunction with a recurrent dynamics model to create a predictive world model. They use this predictive model to train a controller using evolution strategies~\citep{Salimans2017}. \cite{Bohez2018} train jointly a prior and posterior model for a robotics navigation task. In MERLIN~\citep{Wayne2018}, a neural memory module is added on top of a VAE based dynamics model to facilitate learning policies over longer time windows. In a similar vein \citep{Srinivas2018} learns abstract representation for planning.

Instead of using an explicit reward signal, policies can also be learned from demonstrations using inverse reinforcement learning, basically learning a reward signal from an expert~\citep{Ng2000}. Another approach for learning from demonstrations is using meta-learning to quickly distill a policy from a new demonstration \citep{Finn2017}.

Active inference combines elements of all these works into a single theoretical framework. The preferred states prior can be interpreted as more generic form of value function in RL. It combines learning world models with action selection and planning. Also, the concept of minimizing expected Bayesian surprise resembles the work on artificial curiosity for exploration~\citep{Schmidhuber2011}.
\section{Conclusion}
\label{discussion}
Active inference might underlie the way biological agents perceive and interact with the world. In this work we show that active inference and the free energy principle can also help artificial agents interact with the world. Active inference also combines a lot of elements from recent RL literature, such as building world models, neural planning, artificial curiosity, etc. We belief this is an interesting direction for further research, to apply this principle to more challenging environments, such as the ATARI domain or robotics.

\subsubsection*{Acknowledgments}
Ozan Catal is funded by a Ph.D. grant of the Flanders Research  Foundation (FWO).

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


On 5 November it will be twenty years since Robert Maxwell fell overboard from his yacht in 1991 and it was subsequently discovered that £450m of investments were missing from the pension funds of his companies. To mark this anniversary PAT has obtained contributions from some of the personalities closely involved with obtaining restitution for the pensioners.
The contributions, giving their personal recollection of events and their work in what was a unique exercise to make good the pensioners' losses, are provided by Jane Newell who became Chairman of the Maxwell Pensioners Trust; John Ballard, Executive Director of the Maxwell Pensions Unit and Kenneth Trench who was the Chairman of The Maxwell Pensioners Action Group. Copies of the contributions are attached and will be deposited in the Pensions Archive.
The Pensions Archive already holds a collection of papers from the Maxwell Pensions Unit and Maxwell Pensioners Trust donated by Jane Newell who is now a Vice-President of PAT. They consist of annual reports, accounts original Trust Deed and Rules and final report covering the period 1992-1997.
The contributions can be read in the Pensions History section of the PAT website.


text:
What is a World Expo?
World Expos are one of the oldest and largest international events on the planet, taking place every five years and lasting six months. It is a festival for all, where everyone can experience, explore, innovate and have fun by sharing ideas and working together.
Expo 2020 Dubai will be the first World Expo ever hosted in the Middle East, Africa and South Asia (MEASA) region. Through our theme of Connecting Minds, Creating the Future, we aim to host a World Expo that inspires people by showcasing the best examples of collaboration, innovation and cooperation from around the world.
Who is participating at Expo 2020 Dubai?
There will be more than 200 participants including nations, multilateral organisations, businesses and educational institutions. To date, more than 190 nations from across the world have confirmed their participation at Expo 2020.
When is Expo 2020 Dubai?
Expo 2020 will run for six months from 1 October 2021 to 31 March 2022. It will be open seven days a week, from 10:00 to 00:00 on weekdays and 10:00 to 02:00 on weekends and special days.
Where is Expo 2020 Dubai and what methods of transport can I take to get there?
Measuring 4.38 sqkm, the Expo 2020 site is located in the Dubai South district. It is close to Al Maktoum International Airport and within easy reach of Dubai International Airport, Abu Dhabi International Airport and Dubai and Abu Dhabi Cruise Terminals. The site also has its own Metro station, capable of transporting 22,000 passengers per hour in each direction.
What will happen to the Expo 2020 Dubai site once the Expo finishes?
In line with the Expo 2020 subtheme of Sustainability, 80% of Expo-built buildings and structures will find new life in the thriving future city of District 2020. A key pillar of Expo 2020's aim to leave a meaningful and lasting legacy, District 2020 will be a connected global centre for the next generation of innovators, original thinkers and pioneers for generations to come.
What is the official religion of the UAE?
Islam is the official religion, but the UAE Constitution provides for freedom of religion in accordance with established custom. Visitors and residents are free to practise their religious beliefs, and can find places of worship such as churches and Hindu temples throughout the country.
What should I wear when I visit the UAE/Expo 2020 Dubai?
The UAE's sunny climate means that lightweight clothing is suitable to wear throughout the year. However, slightly warmer attire such as a jumper may be needed during winter or in a place with powerful air conditioning (for example, a cinema or hotel lobby). When out in public, dress codes are generally relaxed, but it is still a good idea to respect the local culture – excessively tight or revealing clothing is inadvisable, especially in family-friendly environments such as malls and restaurants.
How can I take part in Expo 2020 Dubai?
There are many ways in which you can participate. The Expo Live programme offers support and funding to those with creative solutions to global challenges, the Expo 2020 Volunteers programme is welcoming more than 30,000 volunteers, the World Majlis sessions bring together current and aspiring thought leaders from across the planet, and a wide range of business opportunities are available at the Online Marketplace.
What accessibility features are available for people of determination?
Expo 2020 has considered a wide range of measures to ensure we deliver an accessible Expo for everyone. A variety of services will be offered onsite, including rentals of wheelchairs and electric convenience vehicles.
Accessibility section
(incl ticket refunds)
Can I buy tickets for Expo 2020?
We have put a hold on selling tickets for Expo 2020 for the moment. We will let you know when tickets are available for the new dates (1 October 2021 to 31 March 2022), and look forward to welcoming you next year.
Will the prices and types of Expo tickets change?
Expo 2020's current position is that ticket types and prices will remain the same.
I already bought a ticket for Expo 2020 – will it still be valid for the new dates?
No, previously purchased tickets cannot be used for the new dates. All tickets have been cancelled and refunded, in full, as per your original payment method. If you have not received your refund, please contact your credit card issuing bank.
We will let you know when tickets are available for the new dates (1 October 2021 to 31 March 2022), and look forward to welcoming you to Expo 2020 next year.
What is a person of determination ticket?
Under the National Policy for Empowering People with Special Needs, people with special needs or disabilities will be referred to as 'people of determination' or a 'person of determination'.
Tickets to Expo 2020 are free of charge for people of determination and a 50% discount is given for one companion. This is part of the Dubai government's commitment to empower people of determination.
Expo 2020 may request relevant ID (e.g. people of determination ID card; Sanad card; Social Security benefit letter e.g. DLA, PIP; EU disability card; ADA disability card, France's carte d'invalidité, etc.)
All visitors, including people of determination, must obtain a ticket to enter Expo 2020.
Where can I buy official Expo 2020 Dubai products?
Expo 2020 Dubai licensed-merchandise is available for sale in the UAE across a number of approved retailers, both online and in stores. Buy them from amazon.ae.
How can I share feedback about an Expo 2020 branded product?
We would love for you to share your feedback about Expo 2020 official products! Get in touch through Expo 2020's contact centre.
How do I find out about new Expo 2020 products and launches?
Products continue to be launched as we approach Expo 2020. To know when new launches will take place, please subscribe to our newsletter and follow our social media pages (Instagram, Twitter, Facebook) .
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


The present thesis is concerned with the modeling and representation, as well as the control and analysis, of systems with distributed parameters based on differential-geometric methods. Since a large number of technical processes belong to this system class, which are mathematically described by partial differential equations, it constitutes an exciting but also challenging field of research. Unlike their counterparts, systems with lumped parameters, these systems not only have a temporal dependency but also a spatial one. Some examples for distributed-parameter systems are: the elastic deformation of lightweight structures in machinery and plant engineering, as well as thermal processes in the steel and plastic industry. Due to the rapid development of information technology and the nowadays almost unlimited computational power, but also because of the increasing demands with respect to, e.g., quality and productivity, the theory and practice of distributed-parameter systems have enjoyed great popularity among researchers in the last decades, even though the evolution of the mathematical theory of partial differential equations already started in the late seventeenth century. However, distributed-parameter systems are still considered as sophisticated, and an unified mathematical theory for the systematic description and investigation of their characteristics is not yet available. That is, the mathematical framework as well as the control concepts are zoologically adapted to the particular type of equation. It is therefore the aim of this thesis to exploit differential-geometric methods in order to analyze distributed-parameter systems, and to show their applicability to control engineering problems. To this end, the present thesis is divided into three main parts.


As people become increasingly time poor, this country's wealth of compassionate and warm hearted Australians remains abundant, giving rise to our most generous volunteers.
Giving their time and talents, Parramatta Mission volunteers help feed the hungry, welcome the homeless and care for the sick. They play an integral part in "transforming the lives of many" in our community, and we could not do the work without them.
However, as the old adage says "the harvest is plentiful, but the workers are few" and this remains true at Parramatta Mission. There are still too many who suffer from hunger, homelessness and mental illness, and we need your support.
For student placement enquiries; email student.placements@parramattamission.org.au.


Viscoelastic systems foams, also known as "Memory Foam", slowly recover and restore to their original form after being compressed with a particular force.
When a heavy object is placed on viscoelastic foam, the foam slowly takes the shape of object.
Viscoelastic foams are classified as pneumatic (Physical Viscoelastic pVE) and Chemical Viscoelastic (cVE).
In Physical Viscoelastic foams, viscoelastic effect originates from the porous structure and physical properties of the material.They are independent of ambient temperature. They have permanent texture and long rebounding times.
In Chemical Viscoelastic foams, the viscoelastic effect originates from the glass transition temperature of the material. They are dependent of ambient temperature. Its open-cell structure allows the foam to breathe and eliminate the moisture.


The Armstrong Browning Library (ABL) located at Baylor University in Waco, TX is a 19th-century research center dedicated to the study of the lives and works of Victorian poets Robert and Elizabeth Barrett Browning and houses the world's largest collection of Browning material and other fine collections of rare 19th-century books, manuscripts, and works of art.
Check here for announcements from the Armstrong Browning Library about events, fellowships, visiting scholars, and more.
The Armstrong Browning Library hosts an abundance of materials ripe for research. Below we highlight a few awaiting attention. A majority of these analyses have been written by Baylor undergraduate and graduate students.


text:
Home/Ghana News/I'll continue to support Akufo-Addo's government to transform the economy – Dr Afriyie Akoto
I'll continue to support Akufo-Addo's government to transform the economy – Dr Afriyie Akoto
Former Minister for Food and Agriculture, Dr Owusu Afriyie Akoto says he will continue to support the government to succeed despite his resignation on Tuesday, January 10.
According to him, he will not relent in supporting the Akufo-Addo government to transform the economy.
In a Facebook on Wednesday, January 11, he thanked President Akufo-Addo for appointing him to serve in his government.
"I expressed my utmost appreciation to His Excellency for the opportunity to serve him and the people of Ghana from 2017 until now.
"I also pledged my continue support in all diverse ways, to him and the NPP administration as we work hard to fulfill his vision of transforming the economy of Ghana and the lives of the people," excerpt of his Facebook post said.
Dr Owusu Afriyie Akoto also thanked the staff of the Ministry of Food and Agriculture.
"I further wish to express profound gratitude to the people of Ghana, the hardworking staff of the Ministry for all the support over the years," he said.
Meanwhile, he added "I will in the coming days make public, my next political journey."
There is a need for proper accountability of climate change funds – Dr Segtub


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This item contains a brand new Canon PIXMA PIXMA TS5020 inkjet printer directly from Canon, a full set of Inkedibles refillable edible ink cartridges (1 each compatible Canon PGI-270 Black edible ink cartridge, CLI-271 black edible ink cartridge, CLI-271 cyan edible ink cartridge, CLI-271 magenta edible ink cartridge, CLI-271 yellow edible ink cartridge, CLI-271 gray edible ink cartridge) and a full set of cleaning cartridges (1 each Canon PGI-270 Black Inkedibles cleaning cartridge, CLI-271 black Inkedibles cleaning cartridge, CLI-271 cyan Inkedibles cleaning cartridge, CLI-271 magenta Inkedibles cleaning cartridge, CLI-271 yellow Inkedibles cleaning cartridge. , CLI-271 gray cleaning cartridge). Inkedibles premium brand edible inks are FDA compliant, and the best quality inks for your cake and edible ink requirements, producing beautiful prints for cake decorators and bakeries. Print with Inkedible Inks for Incredible Cakes! Also included with the software are features such as the Auto Photo Fix, which corrects redeye and enhances your images. This is the perfect starter bundle for someone just getting into cake printing (for this low price, you get a brand new printer and a full set of FULL edible ink cartridges to get you started!). Or if you are a pro cake printer and decorator, this would be a nice new printer set to supplement your operation.


How Can I Prevent Lost or Delayed Bags?
Is there anything I can do to prevent my bags from being lost or delayed?
Whether your bag is lost or delayed is ultimately out of your control, but you can take a few simple steps to ensure a better chance that your bag arrives when you do.
Tag the outside of each of your bags with your name, home or work address, and cell phone, home, and/or work numbers. Include the same information inside each bag, plus an address where you can be reached at your destination along with a copy of your flight itinerary.
Add an easy-to-spot identifier to your bag so you can locate it in the midst of a sea of black suitcases, and (just as importantly) to ensure that someone else doesn't accidentally run off with your bag. Ribbons and brightly colored luggage tags work well. You can also request a cargo bag that will make your bag stand out and prevent it from damage and theft.
Avoid checking in at the last minute, because even if you can race to catch your flight, your bag may not make it.
On a similar note, avoid scheduling tight connections. Nonstop flights are the best bet for a decreased chance of lost or delayed bags, followed by direct flights, which stop but do not change aircraft. If you must make a connection, using the same airline is ideal.
Upon check-in, ensure the gate agent checks your bags all the way through to your final destination whenever possible and that the proper three-letter airport code is on the bag tag. Be sure you get a claim ticket for each bag so they can be more easily located if lost.
Of course, even if you follow these steps, your bag may still be delayed or lost (particularly if you are flying on one of these airlines). If your bag is lost or delayed, report it to your airline before leaving the airport. Although it's a major hassle, remember that the vast majority of mishandled bags are reunited with their owners within a few days.
With the new charges for each checked bag, efficient packing is more important than ever. If you prefer to avoid the hassle of checking bags altogether, shipping your bags (while pricey) will ensure they arrive when and where you want them.
Who's Responsible for Items Stolen from Your Bag?
Missed Connection and Delayed Baggage: What Are My Rights?
What Are Airlines' Responsibilities for Lost or Delayed Baggage?


text:
Book/Printed Material Really truly fairy tales,
Really truly fairy tales,
Benson, Alpha Banta.
Chicago, A. Flanagan company, 1923.
The Pied Piper of Hamlin.--The fisherman and his wife.--The three wishes.--The golden touch.--Rhœcus.--Little Daffydowndilly.--The toy of the giants child.--Rumpelstiltskin.--The seven ravens.--The golden bird.
- Fairy tales
128 p. col. illus. 19 cm.
PZ8.B43 Re
General Collections (133,393)
Benson, Alpha Banta
Benson, Alpha Banta. Really Truly Fairy Tales . Chicago, A. Flanagan company, 1923. Image. https://www.loc.gov/item/23010593/.
Benson, A. B. (1923) Really Truly Fairy Tales . Chicago, A. Flanagan company. [Image] Retrieved from the Library of Congress, https://www.loc.gov/item/23010593/.
Benson, Alpha Banta. Really Truly Fairy Tales . Chicago, A. Flanagan company, 1923. Image. Retrieved from the Library of Congress, <www.loc.gov/item/23010593/>.
Daffydowndilly and the golden touch, Also available in digital form.
Contributor: Benson, Alpha Banta
Fairy tales, Also available in digital form.
Contributor: Lansing, Marion Florence
Four-and-forty fairies, Also available in digital form.
Contributor: Banta, Nathaniel Moore - Bensoa, Alpha Banta
The candy cottage Also available in digital form.
Contributor: Furlong, May
A doorway in fairyland, Printed in Great Britain. Engraved t.-p. "This selection of fairy-tales is reprinted from the following original editions, now out of print: A farm in fairyland (1894) The house of joy (1895) The...
Contributor: Housman, Laurence
The three bears Coupling date: 12/30/1919. Cutout date: 11/21/1927. On label: a bed-time story. With (reverse side): Three billy goats "gruff" / Edna Baily.
Contributor: Baily, Edna - Brooke, L. Leslie (Leonard Leslie)
Red-Ridinghood and the wolf 1 print : chromolithograph.
Contributor: Beard, W. H. (William Holbrook) - Sewell, Alfred L.
Little Red Riding Hood 1 print : chromolithograph ; sheet 92 x 122 cm. or less.
Our darling's dream 1 print : lithograph, hand-colored ; sheet 92 x 122 cm. or less.


Tropical storm Ofel passed over northern Cebu ,which was placed under storm signal No. 2 yesterday, but the weather bureau Pagasa said it may blow over by noon today.
As a precaution, classes in all levels in Cebu City today were ordered suspended by Cebu City Mayor Michael Rama.
Mayor Rama announced his decision last night over radio dyAB, saying the suspension extends to private and public schools. (See page 35).
Oscar Tabada, chief of Pagasa Mactan, said "Ofel" was a "dry cyclone" that would bring light rains in Cebu and that there was a strong likelihood it would dissipate by noon today.
The whole of Cebu and Bohol province were placed under storm signal number 2 at 11 a.m, though the rains only came at 2 p.m.
Pagasa's announcement prompted the Cebu Coast Guard to ground passenger vessels of all sizes early yesterday.
But in Pagasa's 5 p.m. weather bulletin only northern Cebu including Bantayan Island remained under storm signal number 2, while southern Cebu and Bohol were downgraded to storm signal number 1.
Tabada said Ofel changed its path moved faster at 22 kph from 19 kph.
"We'll have rains and winds today until tomorrow morning. But this will only be in the wake of Ofel," he said.
Tabada said they estimated rainfall to be between five to 20 mm per hour within the 500 km diameter of Ofel.
Ofel was headed at 70 km northwest of San Jose, Mindoro tomorrow morning and at 450 km west of Iba, Zambales later in the afternoon.
Two flights were cancelled at the Mactan Cebu International Airport (MCIA) while a flight from Manila to Tacloban was diverted to Mactan.
Aside from Cebu and Bohol, signal number 2 was hoisted over Northern Negros, Masbate, Romblon, Eastern Samar, WEstern Samar, Leyte, Southern Leyte, Biliran Island, Camotes Island, Capiz, Aklan, Boracay and Dinagat Island.
Signal number 1 is hoisted over southern Cebu, Bohol, Southern Negros, Iloilo, Antique, Northern Samar, Surigao del Norte, Siargao Island, Camarines Sur, Albay, Sorsogon, Burias Island, Southern Quezon, Marinduque and Oriental Mindoro, Calamian Group of Island, Batangas, Lubang Island, and Cuyo Island.
Tabada said the storm didn't actually hit landfall in Cebu. It just passed the seawater of northern Cebu and then went to Aklan and Masbate.
Tabada said Ofel brought more rains in the northeast than the southwest, which was why rain wasn't immediately felt in some parts of Cebu.
He said Ofel is a type of dry tropical storm.
In Dumanjug town, Regil Sacan, 17, of barangay Cogon, was gathering seashells along the coast of barangay Tapon when strong waves washed him out on Tuesday afternoon.
SP02 Florencio Clarion of the Dumanjug police precinct said a search operation is still ongoing.
Because of bad weather, two flights of the Cebu Pacific for General Santos City and Surigao City at 10 a.m and 11:45 a.m respectively were cancelled, said Maryann Dimabayao of the MCIA's public affairs department.
Dimabayao said some flights just experienced minor delays.
Coast Guard Central Visayas information officer Captain Anelito Gabisan said at least 1,847 passengers were stranded in Central Visayas yesterday afternoon.
Of this figure, 345 passengers were stranded in the ports of Cebu, 921 in Bohol and 581 in Dumaguete City. There were 67 vessels grounded in the region.
About 40 of them were in Cebu, 17 in Bohol and 10 in Dumaguete City.
Gene Altubar, his wife and two children who visited their elder daughter in Tabunok, Talisay City, were among those passengers who preferred to stay at the pier areas and wait until the suspension of trips were lifted.
Altubar's family is headed to Pagadian, Zamboanga Del Sur and was supposed to take the trip to Ozamis City last Tuesday but their trip was already suspended.
"I hope we can leave tonight. It's pretty expensive to buy food at the pier area and I have children," Altubar said.
At the Capitol, the ebu Provincial Disaster Risk Reduction and Management (CPDRRM) convened to map out contingency plans.
Local government units (LGUs) were advised to give updates on their situations.
Cebu Gov. Gwendolyn Garcia called on local officials to coordinate with the Office of Civil Defense in preparing for their own contingency plans.
Residents of creeks and landslide prone areas were advised to relocate to safer ground.
Garcia said bulldozers and payloaders are on standby to clear rubble caused by landslides.
The CPDRRM action center at the Capitol is ready to receive reports from localities 24/7.
"All hospitals should be alerted and its personnels on standby," the governor said.
Garcia also directed LGUs to provide rice to fishermen to discourage them from sailing.


text:
Cost of L.A. Convention Center upgrade rises to at least $287 million
Rebuilding a wing of the Los Angeles Convention Center could cost tens of millions of dollars more than city officials expected just one year ago, according to new documents released Monday on the plan for a downtown NFL stadium.
Two high-level advisors to the City Council projected that the convention center makeover -- tearing down one section and constructing another nearby -- would cost between $287 million and $358 million, up from last year's estimate of $275 million. The demolition would be needed to make space for Farmers Field, the $1.2-billion football stadium planned by developer Anschutz Entertainment Group.
The higher price tag is due in part to a decision to seek additional design elements for the convention center, including a new ballroom that would be the largest in L.A., said City Administrative Officer Miguel Santana, one of the report's authors. Consulting firms retained by the city portrayed the new ballroom as "vitally important" to attract large convention business.
"Because our goal is to make this a much more competitive space" for national conventions, "that added feature makes sense and is worth doing," Santana said.
Despite the increased expense, Los Angeles will be able to move ahead with the convention center project, thanks to lower than expected interest rates on the bonds that will be used to finance it, Santana said.
The new cost estimates are contained in a series of reports that are to go before the council's Ad Hoc Committee on Downtown Stadium and Convention Center Renovation on Thursday. That same day, the city's Planning Commission is to review land-use documents connected with the stadium and convention center project.
The council is scheduled to finalize the plan before the end of the month. However, key agreements would not be executed until the city's terms are met, including the signing of a lease for an NFL team.
Santana and Chief Legislative Analyst Gerry Miller have recommended the city rely on two forms of borrowing to finance the convention center project. The Los Angeles Convention Center and Exhibit Center Authority would issue as much as $228 million in lease revenue bonds, a form of debt that would be the responsibility of the city's general fund budget, which pays for police officers and firefighters.
Parking taxes, property taxes, sales taxes and rental income from the stadium would be tapped to cover those debt payments, according to the report.
The project would also rely on a second set of bonds worth up to $109.7 million, the report states. Those would be the obligation of Anschutz Entertainment Group, not the city. That debt would be repaid from taxes on LA Live, the nearby entertainment complex owned by AEG, and the stadium site.
Foul stink likely tied to dead fish at Salton Sea, strong winds
100 mph reached in Studio City crash that killed 3, witnesses say
Man who claimed to be Miley Cyrus' husband charged with trespassing
-- David Zahniser
twitter.com/davidzahniser


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text:
HomeLatest NewsEgypt Latest NewsEgypt's Al-Sisi to visit Gabon on the anniversary of Egypt's Rabaa massacre
Egypt's Al-Sisi to visit Gabon on the anniversary of Egypt's Rabaa massacre
August 14, 2017 MEO Staff Egypt Latest News
Egypt's Abdel-Fattah Al-Sisi will head to Gabon in an official visit. Al-Sisi's visit to Gabon comes on the anniversary of Egypt's Rabaa Massacre, the largest killings of protesters in a single day in recent history.
Egyptian Minister of Trade and Industry Tareq Qabil said Al-Sisi's African tour, which takes him to Tanzania, Rwanda, Chad and Gabon, represents an important step towards enhancing strategic relations with African states whether at the political or economic levels. Also, Qabil said the economic file will top Al-Sisi's talks with the leaders of the four African nations he will visit.
Al-Sisi and Gabonese President Ali Bongo in February last year signed five memoranda of understanding (MOUs) in the fields of politics, education, culture, healthcare, and pharmaceuticals.
A statement by the Egyptian presidency said Sisi's visit "comes within the framework of Egypt's openness to the African continent and its keenness to further strengthen relations". Egypt is currently a member of the UN Security Council, representing Africa, and has recently been pushing for stronger trade with other countries on the continent.
According to the presidency's statement, trade between Egypt and African countries increased by $300 million year-on-year to reach $4.8 billion in 2016. The statement added that African issues have become a top priority in Egyptian foreign policy.
4 Years after Egypt's Rabaa Massacre, largest killings of protesters in a single day in recent history
Four years have passed since the Egyptian army and security forces brutally dispersed the peaceful sit-in in Rabaa al-Adawiya Square. Memories of the day remain as harrowing as ever for those who witnessed the events, especially the doctors working in Rabaa Field Hospital.
On August 14, 2013, protesters' encampments in the square and by the hospital were bulldozed and more than two thousand protesters killed in a space of ten hours.
This wasn't merely a case of excessive force or poor training. It was a violent crackdown planned at the highest levels of the Egyptian government. Many of the same officials are still in power in Egypt, and have a lot to answer for.
Human Rights Watch has said it was "one of the largest killings of demonstrators in a single day in recent history" and that it was "a violent crackdown planned at the highest levels of the Egyptian government". The Special Forces carried out the attack in Rabaa al-Adawiya Square with armored personnel carriers, bulldozers, ground troops and snipers.
The security forces have always maintained that some of the demonstrators were armed and that there were so-called "terrorists" among their numbers, which was never documented by authorities, and always denied by protesters. Human Rights Watch observer Omar Shakir says that their research team was there "when security forces fired on the Rabaa hospital, then overtook the building, ordered medical personnel, families, and the injured out of the hospital, and that structure was later set ablaze".
Despite a wealth of compelling evidence implicating the Egyptian army and security forces in killing protesters, no one has ever been brought to trial and the Egyptian government is yet openly to investigate the incident. The Egyptian National Council of Human Rights did produce a report on the events but its findings are at odds with both Human Rights Watch and the witnesses in this film.
Dr Hanan al-Amin, one of the doctors on call that day, struggled for hours attempting to treat the hundreds of injured – but at 4 pm she was standing among increasing numbers of bodies. As she treated three patients simultaneously, an officer instructed her to leave the hospital. When she protested, he shot them all dead and told her she was next if she did not obey his orders to evacuate. Moments later, the field hospital, mosque and first floor of the field hospital were set on fire.
Former UN Secretary General 'ElBaradei' releases a new testimony on Rabaa massacre
Mohamed ElBaradei -Egypt's former Vice-President for Foreign Affairs, and former United Nations Secretary General- stated that on August 6, 2013, he was accused by one of the well-known writers in a state-owned newspaper of being "a dangerous man to the people and the state", according to Al-Shorouk Egyptian newspaper on Nov. 14, 2016.
ElBaradei added on his official Facebook page, "In the evening of the same day, I was subjected to fierce attack by some guests on TV channels. Then, this was followed by a letter from a sovereign agency (often referring to the intelligence service) on the next day telling me that this was just a warning and they will destroy me if I continue in my attempts to reach a peaceful resolution to disperse the sit-ins or a formula for national reconciliation."
He continued, "On August 14, 2013 and after the use of force in dispersing the sit-ins, there was a hysterical campaign by the "national" forces and even those who call themselves "the elite" and some of the "revolution youth" welcoming strongly the use of violence. They attacked me harshly for my immediate resignation once I was informed of the use of force, refusing to take any responsibility in a decision in which I did not participate, but in fact, I opposed it as I had a conviction that there were peaceful alternatives for healing the rift at that time."
ElBaradei ended his statement saying, "At that moment, I realized with sadness that in this climate there is no space for me to participate in the public work, as I would not be able to swim alone against the current. As a result, the best alternative to me was to stay away from a scene that is against my vision, conviction, and my conscience."
ElBaradei said that he opposed the dispersal, arguing that there were "almost agreed upon political solutions" on the table that could have served as an alternative to a "spiral of violence and division."
Later, he resigned from his post, prompting attacks launched by media figures against the decision.
ElBaradei laments the media attacks that persist to this day, mainly focusing on the timing of the dispersal and ElBaradei's role in delaying the move, while maintaining that the dispersal could not have happened "peacefully."
U.N. calls for a full investigation into Egypt's Rabaa massacre
UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon called, on Saturday (13 August, 2016), for conducting a full investigation into the killing of hundreds of civilians at the hands of the Egyptian police and army forces during the dispersal of Rabaa sit-in, east of Cairo, Egypt, on August 14, 2013.
The deputy spokesman of the Secretary-General of the United Nations, Farhan Haq, said: Ban Ki-moon believes it is very important to conduct a full investigation into the killing of hundreds of civilians during the dispersal of Rabaa Al-Adaweya square's sit-in on August 14, 2013″.
Commenting on the calls for the establishment of an international commission to investigate the massacre and to prosecute the perpetrators, Haq confirmed, according to Anadolu Agency, that "the UN Human Rights Council is the body authorized to establish a committee to investigate all human rights violations resulting from the mass killings of protesters (in Egypt) during that day."
The UN Secretary-General emphasized "the importance of respecting the right to peaceful protest and freedom of assembly" during the demonstrations that the anti-coup protesters and supporters of legitimacy intend to organize on the third anniversary of the dispersal of Rabaa sit-in."
Rabaa massacre
Egypt's Al-Sisi visits Chad on the anniversary of Egypt's Rabaa massacre
Hezbollah chief Nasrallah says Assad's regime will 'stay on'
Egyptian tank crushes car in attempt to stop bomb blast
July 26, 2017 MEO Staff Egypt Latest News
Civilians were seen running from cars as tank was driving over suspect vehicle, before it detonated in a huge fireball, killing seven Seven civilians were killed on Tuesday by a car bomb in Sinai that [ More … ]
Analysis: Saudi Arabia retreats, as Iran advances on all fronts
December 10, 2016 Mahmoud Eskaf Analysis, Iran Latest News, Saudi Arabia News
Saudi Arabia started this year in a very strong position, putting pressure on Iran in many fronts politically, militarily and economically. However, the year witnessed many changes that have put Saudi Arabia in the defensive position [ More … ]
Repercussions of Bombing St. Peter's Church .. A preliminary Reading
December 19, 2016 MEO Staff Analysis, Egypt Latest News
A few days before the Christmas celebrations of the Copt brothers in Egypt, Cairo woke up in the morning of Sunday, December 11, 2016 on a terrorist bombing inside St. Peter's Church, adjacent to St. [ More … ]


German football is envied around the world. The national team won the 2014 World Cup in style, while the Bundesliga offers an alternative model through its fan-friendly set-up. Ronald Reng tells the story through journeyman footballer turned manager Heinz Hoher, who has been in the Bundesliga since the first day of its existence in 1963, to reveal the development of German football and society from the ruins of the Nazi era to the football and economic powerhouse that it is today.


text:
Q: Убрать горизонтальный скролл Учусь верстать макет, графика выходит за пределы 1000px.
Желательно сделать так, что бы на мониторе с разрешением экрана 1024x768px не появлялся горизонатальный скролл, а то, что не влезло, просто оставалось за пределами браузера.
Как этого добиться?
A: Всё очень просто пишем:
html{

    width: 100%;
    max-width: 100%;
    overflow-x: hidden;
}

  body
  {
    width: 100%;
    max-width: 100%;
    overflow-x: hidden;
  }

A: #wrapper { width: 980px; overflow: show; }

Обычно такого хватает. #wrapper - обертка всего сайта, обычно идет следом за body
A: Добавляем к блоку в котором нужно убрать скролл стиль (в CSS или напрямую)
overflow:hidden;
overflow-y:hidden;  /*для вертикального*/
overflow-x:hidden;  /*для горизонтального*/
<body style='overflow-x:hidden;'>

*

*
overflow

*
overflow x

*
overflow y

A: А ещё для IE<8 чтобы убрать прокрутку ничего кроме:
<body scroll="no">

не помжет!
A: контейнеру, в который не влазит контент добавить свойство overflow:hidden; это скроет непомещающиеся части.
A: если я правильно понял, то одно из свойств CSS вам должно помочь position: absolute. А также можно поиграться вот с этими свойствами max-width и min-width. Можно еще попробовать обернуть картинку в DIV и этому же DIV`у задать background, и указать размеры картинки которая задана фоном.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Millions of couples struggling to have children, and a common cause of infertility mostly afflict women; for example egg quality is not good, uterine disorders, and age. However, approximately 20 percent of documented cases is 'sole male factor,' such as sperm in low numbers, abnormal shaped, or sluggish.
In the future, this tiny motor developed by the German scientists team can play an important role in artificial insemination. So far, the spermbot only tested on sperm and egg cells of cattle (as in the picture) and have not managed to achieve fertilization.
"The concept is interesting. But I admit I still skeptical," said Robin Fogle, an reproductive endocrinology expert and researcher at the Atlanta Center for Reproductive Medicine.


The U.S. Presidential election has raised the question of what successful business is. Is a business successful simply because it makes a lot of money? What if the money comes through cheating customers or suppliers? For example, is a rich person who runs a drug cartel a successful businessman? Is someone who becomes rich, at least in part, through tax evasion, a successful businessman?
Business requires trust. I pay money for goods or services because I believe in their value. I trust that what I am paying for is being represented accurately and is priced fairly. Often I shop online, which requires the further trust that the product I can't see is what it says it is and that it will come to me in a timely fashion. I trust the seller's promise that I can return anything that doesn't meet my expectations and that my money will be refunded.
Businesses built on trust and good relationships contribute to the social fabric of the larger society. Businesses lacking trust and good relationships tear the social fabric.
So, what is "success" in business? I posit that the answer is not simply "more money." To be sure, a business must make money in order to survive and thrive. Yet the purpose of business is far more than money. Saying that the purpose of business is making money is like saying that the purpose of life is breathing. Breathing is necessary to life, yet breathing is not the purpose of life. The purpose of life is to love and to give. The purpose of business is similar: to give goods and services that contribute to people's well-being. A successful business provides useful goods and services, operates with integrity, and thrives.
For example, Wainwright Bank in Boston, under Bob Glassman's leadership, aspired to become the leader in lending to nonprofits. Naysayers claimed that Wainwright Bank would suffer financially for its idealism, claiming that loans for homeless shelters and food banks are risky business. In fact, the opposite proved true: Wainwright Bank's community development loans totaling over $700 million experienced zero losses during the time of Bob Glassman's leadership, in sharp contrast to other banks' loan portfolios. I posit that Bob Glassman is an outstanding example of a successful businessman, making money and serving people in his community at the same time.
Instead of evaluating the merit of a business solely on its money-making capabilities, let us hold a higher standard for businesses. Let us assess the value of a business not only through its financial success but through its ability to serve the community, to contribute to the well-being of the world. Our time here on earth is precious, as is our opportunity to create legacies for future generations. May the businesses we create not only thrive but also embody the highest ideals of our humanity.


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text:
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  </button>

    <translate>Upload File To: {$ ctrl.model.container.name $}</translate>
    : {$ ctrl.model.folder $}

        <fieldset>

            File

              <input id="id_object_file" type="file" name="file" required
                     ng-model="ctrl.model.view_file" on-file-change="ctrl.changeFile">

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    <button class="btn btn-default" ng-click="$dismiss()">

      <translate>Cancel</translate>
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    <button class="btn btn-primary" ng-click="$close(ctrl.model)"
           ng-disabled="ctrl.form.$invalid">

      <translate>Upload File</translate>
    </button>

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Flowers are required for the identification of this ground orchid which dies back to subterranean tubers after flowering. Only known from a few sites in Tasmania with a wide range of flowering times, varying from mid August on Flinders Island to early November on mainland Tasmania.
On the mainland, Chiloglottis trapeziformis grows in sheltered sites in many habitats from the coast to the ranges in well-drained soil. In Tasmania, it has been recorded from teatree and sheoak scrub on sandy humus overlying granite, in dry open eucalypt forest and in moderately drained soils in relatively densely shrubby eucalypt forest.


It can be quite overwhelming searching through page after page of honeymoon and wishing well wording poem ideas. Below are a few of our favourite verses we have put together to help make it easier for you to look through. Feel free to use any of these, or why not try your hand at putting together a custom one, unique to you and your partner!
we've collected many things to be husband and wife.
we had to choose between it and the wedding rings.
Your presence at our wedding is present enough!
To help the building of our dream home come true!