Manan Vohra of Kings XI Punjab celebrates his fifty against Rising Pune Supergiants during Indian Premier League (IPL) 2016 T20 match in Mohali.
Manan Vohra of Kings XI Punjab plays a shot against Rising Pune Supergiants during Indian Premier League (IPL) 2016 T20 match in Mohali.
Steven Smith of Rising Pune Supergiants during match 10 of the Vivo Indian Premier League (IPL) 2016 between the Kings XI Punjab and the Rising Pune Supergiants held at the IS Bindra Stadium in Mohali.
Murali Vijay of Kings XI Punjab plays a shot against Rising Pune Supergiants during Indian Premier League (IPL) 2016 T20 match in Mohali.
Faf du Plesis of Rising Pune Supergiants plays a shot during match 10 of the Vivo Indian Premier League ( IPL ) 2016 between the Kings XI Punjab and the Rising Pune Supergiants held at the IS Bindra Stadium in Mohali.
Kevin Pietersen of Rising Pune Supergiants during match 10 of the Vivo Indian Premier League ( IPL ) 2016 between the Kings XI Punjab and the Rising Pune Supergiants held at the IS Bindra Stadium in Mohali.


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Man charged with fatally shooting a 19-year-old Black man in Ashland over 'loud music'
Updated Nov 29, 2020; Posted Nov 26, 2020
By Jayati Ramakrishnan | The Oregonian/OregonLive
Update: Talent man pleads not guilty in killing of Black teenager in Ashland hotel parking lot
A Talent man has been charged with murder after police say he shot and killed a Black teenager in the parking lot of an Ashland hotel on Monday. The shooting has drawn condemnation from Southern Oregon's Black community, which raised concerns about the area's culture and history of white supremacy.
The teen, whose name has not been publicly confirmed by police, has been widely identified on social media and in news reports as Aidan Ellison, 19.
Robert Keegan, 47, has been charged with his murder. Keegan is facing four criminal counts, including second-degree murder, first-degree manslaughter, reckless endangering and unlawful possession of a weapon.
Little information was immediately available about Ellison himself. Facebook posts from some Ashland Black Lives Matter groups said there would be a vigil for the teen on Thursday, at the site where he was killed.
Precious Edmonds, a spokesperson for the Southern Oregon Black Leaders, Activists and Community Coalition (SOBLACC), said the organization has not been in touch with Ellison's family, but the organization has planned a meeting for Dec. 7, inviting Black people living in Southern Oregon to come together and discuss priorities for their community.
She said the community at large seems to be mourning Ellison's death, but said part of the issue is that people shouldn't have to know him personally to respect who he was.
The probable cause affidavit in the case is sealed. A press release from Ashland Police Department says both Ellison and Keegan were staying at the Stratford Inn in Ashland, and that the two did not know each other. Ashland Police Chief Tighe O'Meara said in a statement on Facebook that the two got into an argument over Ellison playing loud music in the parking lot. Keegan then took a gun out of his coat and fired a single shot into Ellison's chest, police reports say. Ellison died at the scene.
According to KTVL, a Medford-based news station, the homicide is the first in Ashland this year.
Edmonds said the killing itself, as well as the way it was framed by police and local media, is an example of the area's culture of white supremacy.
"The incident where Aidan was shot after an argument listening to his music was really about him not submitting to that man's perceived authority," she said.
She added that the organization was frustrated with many people, including police and local news organizations, for their attempts to absolve Keegan while vilifying Ellison.
"He was listening to his music too loudly — that's irrelevant," Edmonds said. "It doesn't change a thing, how good the man who shot him was. All of those things are not relevant to what occurred. But that's the narrative, that's the frame of white supremacy."
Some articles noted that Keegan was a survivor of the Almeda fire, and a GoFundMe page raising money for their losses notes that Keegan and his young son were living at the hotel while they tried to recover from the fire that destroyed thousands of structures in the Ashland area.
O'Meara released a statement on Facebook on Thursday, addressing concerns that he said some community members had about his comments on the murder.
"It has been reported in some local media sources that I said this murder was 'because of' something," O'Meara said. "The only thing that caused this murder was the suspect's actions, 100%. It is completely immaterial what led up to it."
Edmonds said a local organization had held a forum in August, in which police officers from around the Rogue Valley discussed racism.
"At that point, Chief Tighe, along with others in the valley, said they don't see racism in their departments," she said. In October, Edmonds said her organization held a police forum to discuss the matter further, and allow the officers to hear from Black residents.
"We're challenging the idea that racism could be everywhere except their police department," she said. "It's not just about a racist person, but about structure, policy and things that allow the marginalization and unfair criminalization of Black people."
Edmonds said her organization also challenges comments from those who say Keegan should have called the police instead of acting on his own.
"We've just had conversations about how dangerous that is — calling the police on a Black person for basic things like playing music too loud," Edmonds said. "It's not about white people's comfort. That's not our purpose and it's not our responsibility."
Keegan is scheduled to be arraigned on Friday.
—Jayati Ramakrishnan; 503-221-4320; jramakrishnan@oregonian.com; @JRamakrishnanOR

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Impact Measurement & Knowledge
Meet the Impact Measurement and Knowledge team
News IMK
Research reflection and campaign design; a fruitful combination
The Impact Measurement and Knowledge team is all about understanding social change and about charting the effects that our programmes and campaigns have on people. This blog is about how we, in practice, deliver on our promise to give voice to citizens and realize that the voices of are really taken up by our programmes and campaigns.
Research formative to campaign design
In our collaboration with the Enough campaign we do not see research as a separate activity. Instead, we see research as formative for campaign design. Therefore, we combine reflection on research findings with strategic campaign design workshops – so that the voices of the citizens are directly considered at the design table. In this blog I will highlight our experience in Tunisia (2016) and Nigeria (2017) to show how this works.
The Enough campaign, aims to challenge and change social norms that perpetuate violence against women and girls, by replacing harmful norms with positive ones that promote gender equality and non-violence. Enough campaign recognises that social norms change must be evidence-based and tailored to the relevant context. To this end, it is relying on a strong research component at local and national level to ensure to ensure the campaign´s effectiveness and appropriateness from design to evaluation. As of July 2018, the campaign has launched in 14 countries across Africa, Asia, Latin American and the Caribbean, and the Pacific. Eventually over 30 countries will have launched the campaign. Regional and worldwide engagement – alliances, campaigning, influencing, and knowledge-sharing – will be developed with women rights organizations (WROs) and youth collectives. This supports national campaigning, generating a worldwide influence.
The Enough campaign is strongly rooted in local contexts, having been co-created and co-organized by Oxfam country programs working on Violence against Women and Girls, women's rights organizations and feminist activists. Each country team and their local partner organisations design a tailor-made campaign that they consider most relevant for their context, thereby selecting the precise issues to be addressed, the exact group to target and the most relevant strategies.
The campaign strategy design workshops brought researchers and campaigners together. The rough results of the first analysis of findings were used in the campaign design workshop where Oxfam, partners, women rights organizations, journalists and academics came together to discuss how to tackle the social norms that perpetuate Violence against Women and Girls in their contexts.
Ownership of research findings
Our gender and justice colleagues in country lead the research, and ensure it is rooted in the local context. Through involvement of survivors of Violence against Women and Girls, women's rights organizations, partners, and National gender and justice specialists at all stages of the research, the results become relevant and reliable for the people involved in the campaign design. For example, in Tunisia we involved survivors of violence in the design phase, asking them to comment on our interview guide and design principles of the research. In Nigeria one of the partners involved as enumerator commented that the research helped her to really hear the voices of the community members she was working with.
Combining different types of knowledge
The participants around the table at a campaign design workshop represent different types of knowledge; experiential knowledge, theoretical understanding, and legislative knowledge. The research brought in a new type of knowledge; representing the voice of the target audience of the campaign. This knowledge helps to frame the campaign towards the language of the audience. Ensuring it speaks to the voice of the citizens.
From research findings to a campaign message
Importantly, the research findings as such are not 'campaignable', often drained by jargon and theory. The influencers in the campaign design workshop helped the Enough campaign to transform research findings into campaign strategy. In both the Tunisian and the Nigerian campaign design workshop, the results of our research turned out to be very inspiring for most participants and reinforced for Oxfam the importance of continuing to work with partners and other stakeholders in a participatory way.
Find more information about the studies related to this blog:
https://policy-practice.oxfam.org.uk/publications/young-couples-in-good-times-and-in-bad-social-norms-that-perpetuate-violence-ag-620344
https://policy-practice.oxfam.org.uk/publications/breaking-a-culture-of-silence-social-norms-that-perpetuate-violence-against-wom-620458
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Birte is a working actress and fashion model in Europe who speaks German, English, French, and has a law degree.
Well known in Germany for her work as a series regular on the popular TV show, "Under One Roof", she also gained attention as the female lead in the action/comedy feature film "Agent Ranjid rettet die Welt" alongside Rutger Hauer – a Constantin Film production.
Photo: © by Constantin Film
Photo: © by BeoFilm_StefanieLeo
Recently, she starred in "Was kostet die Liebe- ein Großstadtmärchen" – the modern day adaption of the popular fairytale CINDERELLA. It´s a romantic comedy for one of Germany´s biggest networks: SAT.1, produced by Emmy award winning production company UFA Fiction.
In 2014, she got her American working visa as an actress and fashion model and is now working on her international breakthrough.
She already starred in a comedy short/music video alongside well-known comedian Nick Offerman.
As a model, she has worked with some of the biggest names in fashion, beauty, and advertising, e.g. PIERRE CARDIN,
DIOR, AUDI, and SAMSUNG for over a decade. Birte has been featured by fashion and lifestyle magazines like ELLE, MARIE CLAIRE, and FHM. She is the spokeswoman for CELLAGON and CELLAGON COSMETICS.
Photo: © by CellagonCosmetics_GerryFrank


This might be the perfect start on your Norwegian winter holiday. With our beginner course we will make sure you know all the techniques and skills needed to venture out on your very own little adventure.
There's a saying that says Norwegians are born with skis on their feet, we might not get you to this level but you will learn how to put on the skis and standing up, to how to fall safely and move more efficiently. And last but not least; going down hill!
When the course is complete we will head back to the office for some home made waffles and briefing with the guides, now's your chance to get some recommendations for your next solo adventure!


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Akufo-Addo never met NAM1 one-on-one - Eugene Arhin
Evans Annang
The Director of Communications at Presidency, Eugene Arhin, has debunked reports that President Akufo-Addo hosted beleaguered Menzgold boss Nana Appiah Mensah at the Jubilee House.
NAM 1 and Nana Addo
He also denied that the President tweeted an endorsement of the Menzgold Chief Executive Officer.
In a statement released to the press, Arhin stated that: "President Akufo-Addo never had a one-on-one meeting with NAM1 on the 25th of April 2018".
He went further to explain that: "GFA officials and CAF officials, including its President, Ahmad Ahmad, paid a courtesy call on President Akufo-Addo, ahead of the conferment of an honorary doctorate degree by the University of Professional Studies, Accra."
NAM 1 and President Nana Addo Dankwa Akufo-Addo
"The then-GFA President, Kwesi Nyantakyi, only brought NAM1 to the meeting because four days earlier, on 21st April, Zylofon had indicated its decision to sponsor the Ghana Premier League. Never on that day did the President have a one-on-one meeting with NAM1 and never on that day did he post that fake tweet being forcefully trumpeted by Sam George", he added.
An arrest warrant was issued yesterday for Nana Appiah Mensah, his wife and his sister by an Accra Circuit Court for failing to return the principal and dividends of Menzgold customers.
Evans Annang More from the author »
John Dumelo officially picks form to contest NDC parliamentary primaries
Published Last Monday at 7:31 AM
V/R: Four NDC MPs to leave parliament
Published Last Sunday at 9:19 AM
#DroptheHypocrisy: Ghanaians descend on Bawumia for comparing his govt's achievements to NDC's
Parliament launches campaign to revive 450-seater new chamber
Minister blames NDC for high unemployment in the country
NPP gov't fulfilling many of the promises made to Ghanaians - Nana Addo


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Turkey looks to more than double trade with Latin America, Iran
By Anthony Esposito
SANTIAGO (Reuters) - Turkey aims to boost trade with Latin America more than two-fold by 2023, in a bid to diversify away from its traditional export markets in the troubled economies of Europe and the Middle East, Economy Minister Mustafa Elitas said on Monday.
Turkish President Tayyip Erdogan makes a speech during his meeting with mukhtars at the Presidential Palace in Ankara, Turkey, November 26, 2015. REUTERS/Umit Bektas
The minister spoke to Reuters in the Chilean capital while accompanying President Tayyip Erdogan and a large business delegation on a tour of the region that will also include visits to Peru and Ecuador.
"Bilateral trade with Latin America currently stands at a little over $8 billion ... for 2023 which is our Republic's 100-year anniversary, we want to reach $20 billion," Elitas said in an interview late on Monday.
Citing the advantages of having a free trade agreement with Chile that aims to yield $1 billion in bilateral trade this year, Elitas said Turkey will ask Peru and Ecuador to "speed up" the finalization of bilateral free trade agreements.
Elitas saw Turkey benefiting from the emergence of neighboring Iran from years of economic isolation as world powers lift crippling sanctions in return for the Islamic Republic's compliance with a deal to curb its nuclear ambitions.
"Turkey will be one of the countries that benefits the most," Elitas said, adding that Turkey-Iran trade reached $22 billion in 2012 before the steep slide in oil prices pushed that figure down to $14 billion last year.
"Our objective is to reach $30 billion (in trade) with Iran by 2023," Elitas said.
Asked if Turkey would now have to compete with Iran in order to attract foreign investment from Europe and elsewhere, Elitas said Tehran was not a rival because of its lack of democracy.
"Turkey is the most democratic country in the region and foreign investments will go to democratic nations, to countries that can guarantee those investments," said Elitas. "If Iran advances with its economy then they could become a rival."
Turkey's Deputy Prime Minister Mehmet Simsek, in charge of the economy, has said battling inflation will be this year's main challenge.
But a sharp rise in the minimum wage, hikes in electricity prices and taxes, and President Erdogan's preference for low interest rates to boost growth were all obstacles.
Elitas also said Turkey should avoid excessive increases in interest rates.
"It's important not to hike interest rates too much ... this does not create an environment that is conducive to investments ... currently interest rates in Turkey are not low, in fact they are high," said Elitas.
Editing by Simon Cameron-Moore


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2016, active, no file, injustice, DA Prater injustice
Bond returned to alleged 'John' after DA Prater twice 'no filed' after prostitution arrest
12/15/2016 - OKC, OK -- A man from Burma, that is currently residing in Oklahoma City, has had his bond returned after Oklahoma County District Attorney David Prater's office twice 'no files' in regard to his prostitution arrest.
Recently JohnTV wrote about the Aug. arrest of 32-year-old Zan O. Suan.
Zam Suan as he appears on Facebook.
According to court records, on Aug. 4 Suan responded to a fake online prostitution ad posted by an undercover officer with the Oklahoma City police department's Vice Unit.
Suan was directed by a female undercover officer to go to her motel room at Motel 6, in the 800 block of S. Meridian in south Oklahoma City.
After Suan arrived, he reportedly paid the female undercover officer $80 for sex. Suan was then taken into custody and transported to the Oklahoma County Jail - where he posted a $500 bond and was released to await criminal charges.
However, criminal charges never materialized - just a Certificate of Probable Cause filing from the day after Suan's arrest.
According to the court records, on Oct. 3, Oklahoma County Judge Russell Hall noted that "defendant is a no file for the second time" and ordered Suan's cash bond to be returned.
According to public records, Suan was one of four alleged 'Johns' arrested on that date.
Those arrested on Aug. 4 include;
Michael H. Depaz - Charged 10/13/2016 - Pleaded Guilty 12/1/2016.
Seth Gabriel Shields - Charged 10/21/2016 - Case in ongoing.
Ryan N. Chounard - Charged 10/7/2016 - Case in ongoing.
Zan O. Suan - Bond returned with no charges filed 10/3/2016.
No reason has been given as to why Suan has so far avoided criminal prosecution.
Zam Suan as he appears on Facebook (4/24/2016).
OKC sex offender receives prison sentence on pimping charges
Internet hooker who kidnapped and robbed 'John' at knifepoint given opportunity at probation


This Deluxe Penthouse is absolutely breathtaking. Situated on the 5th floor and continuing up to the 7th, the Deluxe Penthouse offers 360 degree views of jaco Beach, including ocean, mountain and city views. - 5200 Total Sq Ft. - 3 bedrooms - 5 Bathroms Located on: 5th floor: Living area, gourmet kitchen, bedrooms. 6th floor: Large entertainment room. Roof-top deck. Any stay less than 4 nights must have owners approval.


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A High School Rockstar Wiki
Austin Moon
Ally Dawson
Dezmond "Dez"
Patricia Maria "Trish" De La Rosa
Aaron Moon
Lexi Reed
Zac Helm
Brian Efron
Spencer Dawson
Lester Dawson
Penny Dawson
Jake Daugherty
More Recurring
Miley Grant
Luke Posey
Dylan Grant
Keith Jacobs
Mimi Moon
Jimmy Starr
Sarah Vinyl
Principal Carter
Vice Principal Glenn
Ms. Grande
Ms. Donna
Ms. Stonehead
Mr. Stein
Mr. Garner
Raini Rodriguez
Spencer Boldman
Jack Griffo
Recurring Cast
Garrett Backstrom
Jean-Luc Bilodeau
Austin North
Andy Milder
Julia Campbell
Luke Bilyk
More Recurring Cast
Minor Cast
Jill Benjamin
Richard Whiten
Rebecca Budig
Alexis Carter
Daniel Arch
Laugh Productions
Dreams & Decisions
Concerts & Chores
Accidents & Arts
Dramas & Departures
Movies & Marathons
Wizards & Wrecks
Fans & Frauds
Glee Clubs & Gamers
Principals & Pests
Austinandallywiki
The Me That You Don't See
I Got That Rock N'Roll
Finally Me
Trish's Jobs
A High School Rockstar Wiki is a collaborative encyclopedia with knowledge to showcase everything that covers the original series, "A High School Rockstar". This wiki is public which means anyone can edit it, but be careful what you put up. Enjoy this free service!
A High School Rockstar is a sitcom series produced by Laugh Productions. Set in Miami, A High School Rockstar is a comedy about the journey of two very different musicians: extroverted singer and instrumentalist Austin Moon, who is constantly getting into trouble; and serious and talented songwriter Ally Dawson, who can sing but has an extreme case of stage fright whom seemingly became more than friends in the series. Being an overnight internet sensation, Austin tries to balance his career with his school. Together with their best friends, Trish & Dez, they live their lives as high school students while helping Austin with his blooming career. More adventure came as Austin's adopted brother, Aaron Moon together with her girlfriend Lexi Reed, comes to Miami and joins the four. Now, the group teams up to make Austin's career be more successful while being in High school and at the same time help the others to find their own dreams.
Winters & Wonderlands is A High School Rockstar's Season 3 Christmas episode. It premiered on December 21, 2013.
Samantha Bennett is Tyler's hardworking, sassy, girlfriend who seems to hoin a lot of clubs and always acts as Dez's assistant in his directing. Samantha is very sweet but is straight forward when answering questions.
Finally Me is a song featured in Season 3. It was performed by Ally in Sonic Boom to her fans after she releases her album in the episode, Albums & Fevers.
Spencer Boldman is an american actor who portrays the character of Aaron Moon. He was born in Dallas, Texas and has starred in numerous shows including his latest, Lab Rats by Disney XD.
...that A High School Rockstar is a series adapted from the Disney Show, Austin & Ally?
...that Lexi Reed is a character from the Disney Show, A.N.T. Farm?
...that Spencer Boldman plays Adam in the Disney XD show, Lab Rats?
...that A High School Rockstar has been picked up for a Second Season?
...that cast, Ross, Laura, Raini, Calum, Stefanie, Spencer and Jack all sing or at least know how to play one instrument?
...that A High School Rockstar is the first fanon series in Youtube to have complete information, like episodes and characters and follow the timeline of a real TV Show, like weekly?
...that Season 2 will premiere this September 29, 2012?
...that Laugh Productions produces A High School Rockstar?
...that Jack Griffo appeared in the Disney XD show, Kickin' it?
...that Garrett Backstrom appeared in a number of episodes in the Disney XD show, Lab Rats?
...that the name "Aaron Moon" is the creator's screen name?
...that Laugh Productions is thinking of a Season 3 for A High School Rockstar?
...that Season 1 was cut from 21 episodes to 19 episodes?
...that Season 2 premiered with Secrets & Snakes?
...that Olivia Holt will guest star in A High School Rockstar?
...that Jennifer Veal, who played Nanny Agatha in JESSIE, will guest star in A High School Rockstar?
...that Laugh Productions has ordered a third season for A High School Rockstar?
...that episodes Vampires & Vests, Lies & Lollipops and Ghosts & Ghouls are part of Spooktober?
...that Jean-Luc Bilodeau became a recurring cast and appeared in the episode Vampires & Vests?
...that Richard Whiten who portrays Jimmy Starr is a minor cast but wasn't included in the official minor cast?
...that Usher will guest star in a future episode of A High School Rockstar?
To add more "Did You Know..." , click here
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When editing on a page make sure they're links on the page, otherwise its a Dead end page.
If you have a question, you can ask any of the Admins
All information in this wiki is all found on the internet and some are made up. Not all of the information here is a fact and most are just a work of fiction, including locations, stores, characters etc. Most information is taken from public sites like:
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There are currently 7,386 edits to 428 articles since April 2012.
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What was the best crossover episode of A High School Rockstar?
The poll was created at 06:08 on June 19, 2013, and so far 40 people voted.
Interested in being an affiliate? Click Here!
FFC renewed its hit series, A High School Rockstar, for a third season, which will kick off in the winter! Aaron Moon will come back as the writer for the series, including some of FFCs most talented, Daniel Arch and Alexis Carter. Kenneth Padilla also returns to co-direct with Moon. Production has started this early June and will go on until the spring of 2014.
The new season brings in big stars like Katy Perry, Taylor Lautner, Mila Kunis, Stephen Amell and more! With big stars, also come big episodes! With crossover episodes with Shake It Up! and Good Luck Charlie. A special episode is also currently in pre-production that will be announced sometime in the Fall.
As Team Austin starts new chapters of their lives, big changes happen in Miami. Austin goes to the next level when other famous recording companies offer him bigger records. With her newfound courage, Ally is getting closer to achieving her dreams, and even getting a record deal. The duo Dez & Trish finds them selves in a closer relationship, but tries to keep it a secret. Aaron tries to uncover his past and discover huge revelations in the process. With her recent breakup with Aaron, Lexi finds it hard to move on but when he meets an unexpected guest, she becomes confused with her feelings. Tyler is passed down with a huge responsibility that could prevent him from becoming a singer. Throughout the challenges they face, they stick together and act as a team to be able to reach their dreams as graduation is nearing.
For more news, visit the News Tower.
Retrieved from "https://ahighschoolrockstar.fandom.com/wiki/A_High_School_Rockstar_Wiki?oldid=10308"
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2 Luke Ross
3 Skai Jackson
A High School Rockstar Wiki is a FANDOM TV Community.


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," said Justin Forrest of Lab42, Game Director of Snooker 19. "This has been a big passion project of ours and the chance to work with World Snooker was a dream come true. We're confident that we have created the definitive snooker experience, and hope you will agree when you try Snooker 19 yourself."
Leveraging the visual feature set of Unreal Engine 4, Snooker 19 sets a new visual standard for the snooker video game. Lab42 have created a custom advanced physics engine, designed from the ground up to deliver the most true to life snooker experience and an AI engine designed specifically to emulate the way different pro players approach their shots and maneuver the cue ball around the table to continue their break.
What the critics are saying:
Pocket Gamer - "Playing Snooker 19 just feels right."
Eurogamer - "Snooker 19 looks like the best snooker video game in a good long while."
Kotaku UK - "Snooker 2019 plays like the real deal: a great-looking recreation with an interface that can be used quickly, and all the modes any pot-fancier could ask for."
"We want Snooker 19 to be the definitive video game snooker experience," said Hollie Pattison of Ripstone. "Collaborating with World Snooker and the development team at Lab42 has been incredible, we've all pushed to create an authentic sports TV-style presentation in the game, completely transporting players into the professional snooker experience."
About World Snooker:
World Snooker is the commercial entity responsible for the commercial exploitation and promotion of professional snooker events across the world and is the custodian of the sport's commercial rights.
About Ripstone Games:
Ripstone is a global independent video games label founded in 2011 by game and film industry veterans. They fully fund the development, distribution and marketing of video games made by elite creative teams. They have financed and published 17 games across 45 SKUs, with global sales of over 10 million units.
Ripstone's back catalogue includes Ironcast, Stick It To The Man, Pure Pool, Pure Hold'em and Chess Ultra. At their home in Liverpool, England they also have a world-class internal development team, whose credits include Plague Inc, Chess Ultra and The Spectrum Retreat.
The whole company focuses on providing a total, personal support service for developers, empowering them to make the very best PC and console games, ensuring gamers know about them, then rewarding the teams for success. They are particularly noted for their outstanding ability to nurture new and small developers. www.ripstone.com
About Lab42:
LAB42 is a videogame development studio based in the heart of Royal Leamington Spa. A subsidiary of You42, Inc. and part of the Kiz Studios family Lab42 is an experienced video games and entertainment developer.
Lab42's network works closely across three locations building original and licensed IP alongside collaborating with publishers and developers around the world on a wide variety of titles, shipping numerous flagship titles on PC and Nintendo Switch. www.lab42.games
Ripstone Games
Snooker 19


text:
All issues Volume 26 / No 1 (1992) ESAIM: M2AN, 26 1 (1992) 51-75 References
ESAIM: M2AN
Topics in computer aided geometric design
https://doi.org/10.1051/m2an/1992260100511
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Geometry processing : intersections, contours, and cubatures
ESAIM: M2AN 26 (1992) 137-147
Approximation of an elliptic boundary value problem with unilateral constraints
R.A.I.R.O. Analyse Numérique 9, N° R2 (1975) 5-12
Diagonal swap procedures and characterizations of 2D-Delaunay triangulations
On convex Bézier triangles
ESAIM: M2AN 26 (1992) 23-36
Defect correction methods for convection dominated convection-diffusion problems


M Fotuhi heads the Center for Memory and Brain Health at LifeBridge Health Brain & Spine Institute and is an Assistant Professor of Neurology at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Payam Mohassel is a fourth-year Medical Student at Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Kristine Yaffe is Professor of Psychiatry, Neurology and Epidemiology, and Biostatistics at the University of California, San Francisco, and Director of the Memory Disorders Clinic, San Francisco Veterans' Administration Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Long-chain omega-3 fatty acids could have neuroprotective properties against dementia, which is becoming a major global public health issue. We conducted a systematic review of the literature to establish the association between eating fish (a source of long-chain omega-3 fatty acids) or taking long-chain omega-3 fatty acid supplements and the risk of cognitive decline or Alzheimer disease (AD). We identified eleven observational studies and four clinical trials. All three observational studies that used cognitive decline as an outcome reported significant benefits, whereas only four of eight observational studies that used incidence of AD or dementia as an outcome reported positive findings. None of four small clinical trials provided convincing evidence for the use of this approach in the prevention or treatment of any form of dementia. In summary, the existing data favor a role for long-chain omega-3 fatty acids in slowing cognitive decline in elderly individuals without dementia, but not for the prevention or treatment of dementia (including AD). This apparent dichotomy might reflect differences in study designs with regard to participants, dosages, the ratio of long-chain omega-3 to omega-6 fatty acids, or the choice of outcome measurements. Large clinical trials of extended duration should help to provide definitive answers.
K Yaffe is supported in part by grants from the NIH (AG 031155) and from an anonymous foundation. We thank Tzipora Sofare for her editorial assistance in preparing this manuscript. She provided thoughtful comments, critical feedback, and helped with improving tables and figures.
M Fotuhi is Head of the Center for Memory and Brain Health at LifeBridge Health Brain & Spine Institute and is an Assistant Professor of Neurology at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. P Mohassel is a fourth-year Medical Student at Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
K Yaffe is Professor of Psychiatry, Neurology and Epidemiology, and Biostatistics at the University of California, San Francisco, and Director of the Memory Disorders Clinic, San Francisco Veterans' Administration Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA.


A public meeting will be held on Nov. 18 at the Kealakehe Elementary School cafeteria at 7:00 p.m. to inform the community about a site selection study for a court complex in Kona on the Big Island, and to receive input on the process, the potential sites, and the Environmental Impact Statement Preparation Notice (EISPN). Representatives from Group 70 International, Inc., the Department of Accounting and General Services, and the Hawaii State Judiciary will be present.
As required by the state's environmental review law, an EISPN was filed with the Office of Environmental Quality Control (OEQC) and will be published on Nov. 8 at http://hawaii.gov/health/environmental/oeqc/index.html.
See Hawaii State Judiciary, Public Meeting on Kona Judiciary Complex Site Selection Scheduled on November 18, at http://www.courts.state.hi.us/news_and_reports/featured_news/2010/11/kona_jud_eispn_feature_news.html (accessed Nov. 5, 2010).


text:
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Individual Project MSC-345-B: just paper, no presentation.
**The paper: The actual paper will include: A: Project Description (describe the nature of the project using Microsoft WORD). B: Project Objectives (describe goals/objectives of the project using Microsoft WORD). C:Project Benefits (describe benefits of the project for individuals or groups or organizations, etc., whichever applies using Microsoft WORD) D: Project Risks (describe if any risks involved in the project using Microsoft WORD) E: Project Tasks/Activities (describe tasks/activities need using Microsoft Project Management F: Project Cost/Expenses (present expenses using Microsoft Excel) G: Etc. if there is anything else that you need to describe using WORD) H: Bibliography/references (you will present list of bibliography/references/resources that you have used, using WORD). –Can include picture, graph, chart/table, figure, etc. if needed and make the paper more understandable, more professional, etc. –Total 5-7 pages, typed, double-spaced, font 12. –Cover page, table of content page, bibliography/reference page are not part of 5-7 pages.


A client gained the insight, "I am a constantly evolving human being," after several months of Psychotherapy for Soul (quoted with permission).
Evolving as a human being.
Expanding our Soul, which means our lived experience of being who we are.
Hence, living a life ever more fruitful, more abundant, with more meaning, more fulfilled, and with more zest for life.
Some of us suffer trauma through acts of violence against us.
Many of us suffer from the lack of loving care and regard that we need. As a result, we may feel untouched by love.
Even the best of those who care for us have lapses: Times of sadness, grief, pain, sickness, anger, or distraction. Just being human. With an infant's finely tuned senses, each lapse is a wound to Soul. An infant for whom the only time is now.
As a result of such traumas, the wounding and shrinking of our Soul carries over into adulthood. Then, we may suffer: Anxiety, panic attacks. Sadness, depression. Low self-confidence, self-esteem or self-worth. Troubled relationships. Whatever shrinks our lived experience of being who we are.
Therefore, Psychotherapy for Soul is about healing such childhood traumas. Thus, it is about restoring Soul. To help us find the path towards a more vital, fruitful, abundant, meaningful, and fulfilled life.
Equally, Psychotherapy for Soul is about the future. There are times when we begin to feel there must be more in life than we are enjoying. Which means, more joy, love, fulfilment, the realisation of whom we truly are.
Growing as a person. Finding qualities in ourselves we didn't know were there.
Discovering and realising our potentiality more and more.
Gaining insight into our unique purpose. The meaning of our life. The values which inform and inspire it.
Then, our life can be a journey of self-realisation and joy. Ever more vital, fruitful, abundant, meaningful, and fulfilled.
At the heart of psychotherapy is the relationship between client and therapist. A personal, professional, confidential, therapy relationship. My role is to provide a safe environment. In which you can explore your life experience and the issues which trouble you. During regular individual 50-minute sessions, we work together on whatever issues you choose to explore.
I have practiced as a qualified counsellor and psychotherapist for 20 years. I trained at The Institute of Psychosynthesis, London. During the last six years, I have studied the ancient healing practice of Shamanism. I trained at Eagle's Wing College of Contemporary Shamanism.
Shamanic Psychology: The profound wisdom embodied in the Medicine Wheel – the wheel of health and wholeness. Which illuminates many aspects of human existence and human frailty.
Shamanic Practice: Once widespread, these are empathic, gentle, and relaxed techniques serving the restoring and expanding of Soul.
I also provide Couple Counselling with my colleague, Jessica Nelson. Please, go to my Couple Counselling page for details of our approach.
My psychotherapy practice is in the Royal Borough of Windsor & Maidenhead. I serve clients in Berkshire, South Buckinghamshire, and South Oxfordshire.
To contact me, please go to my Contact page. I look forward to hearing from you.
My standard fee is £65 per 50-minute session, reviewed each year. At the same time, I am willing to agree a session fee based on what you can afford as a priority expense. Be it less or more than my standard fee.
Anne Strange trained at the Institute of Psychosynthesis, London. She ran a counselling practice in London, then in Glasgow. Now, she is part of a Spiritual Care Team in a large hospital. She helps with a charity for the visually impaired. As well as enjoying more time to paint.
To find out more about Anne's work please send a message via my Contact page.
MA (Psychotherapy), BSc, Diploma in Psychotherapy, Diploma in Counselling.
Psychotherapy: The Institute of Psychosynthesis, London.
Shamanism: Eagle's Wing College of Contemporary Shamanism.


Expensive but a fantastic place to live, really great location. Every room is ensuite, nice kitchen/sitting room with big TV. Laundry facilities, games room, 24/7 security, really helpful management staff.
Rooms at the railyard are very spacious and allow for a good amount of room for stuff but also to move around and not feel claustrophobic. Kitchen and en suite facilities are good and if maintenance is needed the team are always happy to assist. Laundry facilities aren't the best as they can often be very busy but other than that it is a good place to live.
The location is suitably close to the university, around 15-20 minute walk away. It is very close to he railway station and around a 10 minute walk into the town centre. The halls themselves are modern and spacious, however it is on the pricey side and a few things could benefit improved such as WiFi speeds and installing cheaper washing machines! The gym there is free and good, and reception are always very helpful. Nightlife is good in the town centre and for socialising in halls you cannot beat the Railyard! It is the party halls of ARU, however the easily accessible common room is nice. It contains a pool table, consoles etc. Overall a lovely place to stay, but a bit expensive.
The Railyard is one of the more expensive accommodation options when studying at Anglia Ruskin University so there are high expectations. It is located next to Cambridge train station and overlooks a bus road. This means that there is easy access to visit home or the local country. However, it also means that it is noisy, in particular from the trains and train announcements, which can be difficult. It is about a 25 minute walk from the university and about 30 minutes from the town centre. There are two local mini supermarkets within a 5 minute walk from the accommodation and a selection of local restaurants, cafes and pubs. Cambridge is a city full of buses and bikes, however I was unaware when moving in that actually there are no buses departing from the station to the university itself, it is actually quite difficult to use the buses to get there from the accommodation. This means walking is more or less the only form of transport, other than cycling, and should be considered for the 20/25 minute walk. The Railyard campus is split into 3 different buildings Stephenson, Telford and Brunel, where Stephenson is the largest and has the reception and gym in it. They are then sectioned into blocks of up to 5 floors, where studio flats are mixed with shared flats. I am in Stephenson. The communal areas such as the corridors and lift are regularly cleaned and are rarely ever dirty. The bin store is emptied reasonably frequently however, often there is an overflow - usually students not bothering to put rubbish in the correct bins. The gym is clean and a great FREE feature of the accommodation. The laundry room is often quite untidy and students leave their laundry in the washing machines and dryers long after the cycles have stopped, which means there are usually usable machines that are made unusable by this. The shared flats are located between two studio flats that share a little corridor. When I arrived in my flat I was informed there had been a leak and the carpet had been pulled up and the kitchen/lounge walls needed to be repainted. After 9 weeks at the accommodation they still have not come to fix these issues, which means the flat is really dirty looking. Other maintainence issues are generally well accommodated and sorted within a couple of weeks. The communal kitchen/lounge is well equipped with microwave, kettle, toaster, oven, fridge, tv, dining table and sofas. The toaster and microwave were in reasonable condition when I arrived. However, the oven was incredibly dirty internally and was faulty so didn't heat up to cook food. The sofas were in bad condition too - they were very grotty and covered in stains which is very offputting and unacceptable when the fee is expensive. The common room in the Railyard has been pretty much unusable since I moved in, with sofas overturned and covered up and other aspects unable to be used. The facilities in here were not how I expected them to be when I booked my room in the most pricey student accommodation, and it doesn't achieve good value for money for the condition I have experienced. My bedroom was very clean when I arrived and is very well organised and designed. But there were minor faults. On the contract it states that we cannot use candles or blu tac - my main wall is covered in blue tac stains and the desk is spotted with what appears to be hardened candle wax. This isn't a problem to the condition of the flat, but for the cost of the room it should have been fixed prior to moving in. As my room overlooks the railway, the noise is very loud and can be heard throughout the day and night even when the window is closed. This means it is not really possible to have the window open when trying to study in there, it's just something I wish I knew before moving in. Obviously it is a student accommodation so noise of music and partying is expected. However, I frequently have the smell of smoke (not sure if coming from the station platforms or surrounding flats) coming into my room through the air vent which I was told by maintainence cannot be fixed. As such my room and belongings often smell of smoke, which is unacceptable. The storage in the room is great; the wardrobe is large, and even more so the entire space under the bed can be used. The bedroom appears as very lovely and is comfortable to live in, but it perhaps lacks refining. Wifi is provided, but is often slow and unreliable, and sometimes seems to cut off temporarily late at night. The Railyard buildings are located opposite/next door to the CB1 accommodation buildings. For the most part, the Railyard is the quieter of the two student accommodation campuses in terms of social gathering and partying into the night. However the Railyard still has great a social hub, both as flat parties and through the social events set up by the staff. Overall, it is a very modern and appealing place to live in terms of decor and usefulness, but it can also be quite difficult with the noise and inability to use public transport. I feel that although it is incredibly useful for the costs of utilities to be included in the rental price, the main issue is that it doesn't exactly meet the value I paid for. Compared to other on campus residences the Railyard is definitely worth investing in though.


text:
Esko Lähtevänoja (born 14 May 1953 in Utajärvi) is a Finnish former cross-country skier who competed in the 1970s. He earned a silver medal in the 4 × 10 km relay at the 1978 FIS Nordic World Ski Championships in Lahti.

Cross-country skiing results

World Championships
 1 medal – (1 silver)

External links
 World Championship results

Finnish male cross-country skiers
Living people
1953 births
FIS Nordic World Ski Championships medalists in cross-country skiing
People from Utajärvi
Sportspeople from North Ostrobothnia
20th-century Finnish people

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Planning status: Planning consent recently lapsed for Bio Fuel Plant, but there is a proposed allocation in the Pre- Submission Draft Local Plan for mixed use, B1, B2 and B8 employment development.
Offer: Hobson Way is a major strategic greenfield site available as a whole, although also capable of being split into smaller plots. It offers an opportunity to purchase a large freehold site with good access to the Ports of Grimsby and Immingham, roads and utilities.
Current businesses: There are numerous high profile companies located in the vicinity, including Centrica, RWE, BOC and Cristal Global.
North East Lincolnshire: This site holds a prime position off Hobson Way, close to the Humber Estuary and the Port of Immingham and its wide ranging industrial base including ports and logistics, food processing, chemical processing and renewables, predominantly for offshore wind.


text:
« Danny Ford to Speak at Anderson TD Club Friday | Main | Study: Bees Stop Buzzing During Eclipse »
Storm Causing Power Outages Across the State
Thursday, October 11, 2018 at 8:13AM
CHARLESTON, SC (WCSC) - Wind gusts from Tropical Storm Michael have already begun to cause power outages throughout the state, and especially in theLowcountry.
In the Anderson, Duke Energy is reporting nearly 500 outages. Other nearby counties are also reporting outages. Abbeville has 10, Greenville 729, Greenwood 123, Laurens 2, Oconee 1, Pickens 1,307 and Spartanburg 2,996.
The hardest-hit county in the Lowcountry was Charleston County, which reported a total of 10,205 outages. Beaufort County was experiencing 8,376 outages. Berkeley County had 1,961 without power while Dorchester showed, 2,320. A total of 1,374 in Colleton County, 594 in Georgetown County and 462 in Williamsburg County were also reported.
Some traffic lights were also reported out in Mount Pleasant and West Ashley.
The National Weather Service measured strong wind gusts Thursday morning with winds reaching 51 mph at Fort Sumter, 49 mph at Folly Beach, and 47 mph at Sullivan's Island.
SCDOT provides an updated road closure list here and the Charleston police department keeps an updated list here.
Hurricane Michael slammed into the Florida Panhandle on Wednesday as one of the strongest storms to hit the U.S., killing at least two people and destroying beach towns.
The Weather Channel reported that winds of up to 155 mph hit the small coastal town of Mexico Beach, Florida, on Wednesday around noon, and began tearing buildings apart, uprooting trees and downing power lines.
More than 331,000 homes and businesses lost power in Florida, while more than 375,000 people have been ordered to evacuate. Many of those were given "last chance" warnings on Tuesday evening, with officials urging people not to ignore the orders.


text:
 * It is worth nothing that we split a page into however many pages, we don't
   recursively split, we could have, it would have been much easier, but we
   didn't, so here we are. However, we don't merge however many pages at once,
   mercifully, and I don't believe we're going to merge however many pages at
   once any time soon.
 * Need to be able to say that you can do big table with strata, so that means
   that you set `leafSize` to a finite size and `branchSize` to size that is
   never going to be reached; `Number.MAX_VALUE`.
 * Should `merger` accept a `left` and `right` argument?
 * Why is `designate` not defined in terms of itself?
 * Should `uncacheKey` or `uncacheRecord` be called automatically by `splice`?
 * The `balance` function needs to return a boolean to indicate that it did
 completely balance the tree. Or that there was nothing to balance. Keep
 balancing until you get a zero then timeout for a while.
 * Consider creating a `balanced` function to determine if the tree is optimally
 balanced. We would create such a function because it we might change our merge
 and split algorithms in the future, causing our tests to fail when they balance
 the tree, producing a good balance, but a different balance than the current
 algorithm.
 * Reassure yourself that you'll never delete the ghost of a key on the left
 most leaf page.
 * Use no-op line to test conditions that you want to see tested in coverage.

Stash as part of cursor.

Is this evolved thinking? Yes, I do need, very much need, I do need a way to
check if things are copacetic, but...

Not yet. That would make this take even longer. It is a stop along the way to a
release to get something done right now. Let's finish all our branching and
merging before we implement `copacetic`.

The `copacetic` method does not have to be too complicated at this point. Also,
it ought to be able share the same thread as the balancer, it can navigate
leaves first, to ensure they are linked correctly, then navigate the entire
tree, ensuring that the link and balance is correct.

### Cursor Creation

Want to keep my stuff consistent.

```
strata.iterator('a', function (error, cursor) {})
strata.iterator(strata.left, function (error, cursor) {})
strata.iterator(strata.right, function (error, cursor) {})
strata.iterator(strata.leftOf(key), function (error, cursor) {})
```

### Unlink

Maybe you use `fs.unlink` and `fs.rename`, which would save you some naming
troubles. No, no, no. The term `unlink` is overloaded in the Strata source an I
AM GOING TO LIVE WITH IT.

## Concurrency

Things to test for concurrency.

 * Test that you do not purge a cache page that is being held for balance.
 * Actually, on that note, make sure that you do free up the cache of a page
 that is being held for balance.

## Notes

Generalized playback function, same as used by medic, use it everywhere. Then
you know that once you get your stuff aligned, it will fall into place.

Feel good about reading and writing, also, try to feel good about concurrency,
then you'll be able to ship, but when bad things happens, it will only be in
balance, no data will be lost.

Also, you can test balance using a random generating, putting in a die here and
there, and then watching as something hits it. Then restart with a balance,
you'll probably hit it again.

Copacetic simply descends the tree in order and checks that the right pages link
correctly, oh, and I suppose that the items in the page are in order, and then
you can clear the cache. It cannot run concurrently with balance. It also checks
that all the cached pages add up so you can't clear the cache, but that is
probably a synchronous operation.

## Quality

Create a viewer program, but I'm not sure if it is an ncurses program, or an
HTML5 program. I can reach a wider audience with HTML5, but I might get more
development done more quickly with ncurses.

## Merging

Going to have to consider the different forms of merge, choosing the right
candidate, etc. Not sure if I'm up for the battery of tests before Strata 0.0.3,
but then again, once they're built, it ought not be too difficult.

## Names

Maybe rename `deleteGhost` to `shiftGhost`.

## Length Race Condition

Why does the length need to be stored in the page. Can't the balancer grab the
length into it's nodes? Yes. It is opportunistic. Probably much simpler.

## Shifting Ghosts

What is so important about deleting ghosts? It seems like a silly tidy when
we've yet to implement vacuum. I suppose it makes vacuum easier because vacuum
will always faithfully rewrite the page, ghosts and all, so it can move across
the leaves without descending.

## Binary Leaves

A leaf format is this:

 * A terminator, currently '\n'.
 * A checksum, currently SHA1, but always a fixed length.
 * Stuff in between the checksum and terminator.

We could easily make the terminator `0xdeadbeaf` or similar, and the checksum
could be a binary integer, and the body could be JSON.

There might be an optional length. If it is missing, then we're going to assume
that the terminator is unique, or else we're going to scan and keep scanning
until we find a buffer that satisfies the checksum. We put the length before the
terminator we can read backwards easily as we are doing now.

This is fantastic. Do it.

*Update*: What I've come to is something that is counted, but still plain text.

I'd given a lot of thought to how to pack a binary file format, because that's
what binary makes you think. Somehow, coming back to Strata after a ways away,
I'm becoming better at seeing the trade-offs inherent in programming. I can see
the value of my plain text file format, it has not receded as Strata has
progressed. It is always reassuring, when things are working as poorly, when a
test won't pass and won't to open these files and have a look.

## Log Format

In considering error handling, I'm considering extracting the log format to a
separate project so that I can test I/O and perhaps find a way to focus on I/O
errors. The only errors returned from Strata ought to be I/O errors and full up
programming errors are asserted.

## Errors and Corruption

Corruption detection needs to be more `Error` and less `ok`. I'm asserting
properties of a file. Maybe, I need to check the checksum. If the checksum is
valid, then anything about the data that is invalid is an assertion. We're using
a pretty strong checksum.

The only opportunity to actively corrupt data is a failed append, probably
because the disk is full, but all of our other operations are copies and moves.
We can add a step to our move into place commits, where instead of unlinking the
file to replace, we rename it with a suffix like `.outgoing`. `unlink` and
`rename` are unlikely to fail independently of other file I/O operations, but if
they do, if we fail to move the new file in place, we have the old file.

Thus, the only real worry is the append, and that only occurs during insert or
delete, so we can have a severity. If we have a corrupted write, if write fails,
we raise an exception with the greatest severity. If a balance copy fails before
commit, that is not as severe. In the midst of commit is more severe. The
inability to read records, hmm... Is that an error? What if the checksum fails?

Are descents always unlockable? What about before they obtain their first lock?

How are we handling an obtained lock followed by a failed read? Who unlocks?
Right now it propagates all the way up the stack.

Surprised that I'm not holding locks or double releasing, which is great. At
some point I must have put a lot of thought into this.

It would be better to hold an additional lock when forking a descent so that the
page for a descent always holds a lock. Currently, the descent takes ownership
after it descends an initial level. This allows descent forking to work. The
fork won't hold a lock on a page unless it descends a level. Also, to keep the
descent algorithm simple, and to account for the initially unlocked page, we
descend from a dummy branch page that has the root branch page it's only child
and the index is set to the only child. I don't know which came first, the dummy
page, or leaving the first page unlocked, but skipping unlocking on the first
descent accounts for both cases.

Our shared lock is already reentrant, obviously. Sequester needs to either
provide for a reentrant exclusive lock, but that would mean tracking the
"thread" with an id of some sort. If an exclusive lock is from the same "thread"
it is acquired as a reentrant exclusive lock, otherwise it is queued to run
after the current exclusive lock is released. Shared locks won't care about the
"thread", but will still accept the id so that the interface is consistent.

An interface that will permit incrementing the lock count that works for both
shared and exclusive would be simpler, but we won't be able to bandy about the
word reentrant. The concept probably requires more complexity, which we would
have to add in order to have a problem that reentrancy could solve.

This will work or the program will fail. This needs to be documented in
Sequester, Strata and Locket; that you can't throw an exception from a callback
and expect it to propagate. They don't. We don't want to swallow errors, but
when we unlock, and invoke other descents, and possibly have user code raise
exceptions, it is very difficult to test that the tree's state will be
preserved.

Sensing that I'm up against a ledge with this. I'm not interested in
collaborating with users who don't yet understand the limits of try/catch in
node. For an initial release, it is enough that Strata is able to recover from
any form of I/O error and leave the tree in memory, it's cache and it's locks,
in a consistent state.

### More Errors

Trying to think of how to handle a failed write. What are the recoverable cases?
How do you deal with a full disk, for example?

Offhand, I'd say that you give up on the balance, and any changes like the ones
above, any in-memory changes, you dispose of, so rather than set it back, you
remove the page from the cache on error, then it can be reread, which ought to
be interesting, because their might be a truncated last line or some such.

In that case, we'd want some way of marking the page as broken, dirty, and not
writing to it. Makes me wonder what other databases do when problems arise.

For now, I just need to get an error to come up and out of Strata and someplace
where someone can email it to me, where I can begin to see the possible failure
states. I'm sure that if a disk is full, and you're collecting data, then people
are not going to be able to make progress, their programs can't make progress
anyway.

Also, with Journalist, I'm not able to `close` because I'll write a footer onto
an error, so I need to do something else, like `scram` the file.

Errors need to become events, what are they? Cannot read, cannot write and
cannot replace. Cannot write matters if I'm inserted, deleting or exorcising.

Here's a thought, now that I have a cache of open file handles, why not have a
`scram` method in Journalist, it would take a stage and scram all the open files
on that page. This can be done once on exit of balance operations.

The `scram` method can also accept a callback, have a closer of sorts, or
provide an iterator, or no, hmm...

Thinking iterator, but a callback will do, that can iterate over all of the open
file handles and call the callback with the resolved file name and the extra
data that is provided at close. For Strata, this is the page, so the page can be
marked as, hmm...

Okay, so no, we're only interested in pages that had write failures, so we do
need to catch that error and mark our page at the time of write or close.

The reality of it is that we're going to need to have some control outside of
the tree. The tree writes are atomic. We can't be shutting down the writes
within the tree itself. There needs to be a queue outside the tree. Yes, balance
is a big operation, but we stop when something goes wrong, put the rest into the
next balancer.

Each operation then, needs to also undo itself, if we cannot move a rewrite
forward, for example. If we can't replace or remove files, then the tree is
hopelessly corrupt and the writing needs to stop.

A full disk is the most likely issue, though.

## Records and Keys

I'd imagined to use Strata to create a database that stores objects and the keys
would be defined from within those objects. There would be a means of
serializing these objects that works for both keys and records.

With key/value stores, the key is not within the object, so the interface needs
to amalgamate the key and value.

This is confusing and I've thought about it before. It is a trade off and there
is no obvious way in which the complexity can be reduced. If you extract the
key, you need to find some way to serialize it once again, immediately, to get
the length of the key, in order to have a value for the heft of the page.

## Compression

First, this morning, I'm thinking compression and I'm thinking, no I'd rather
not, because Strata offers control and makes things generally accessible to
developers and compression adds complexity for little gain. If you really want
to compress your payloads, maybe compress them before you write them to the
database?

Or maybe, if you'd like, we can gzip the entire leaf page file, and catenate to
an unzipped file. Then when we vacuum we can run it all again, but you're asking
that the entire page be loaded into memory, which is a trade-off, and you're
going to have to decide, but it is a full trade-off. Using `gzip` against a full
leaf will get the best compression imaginable; slow but efficient.

## Inbox

 * `nextTick` behavior ought to make coverage happen quickly, especially a
 combination of `nextTick` behavior and purge.
 * Splitting out the read write lock would create an additional primitive for
 database design.
 * Creating a r-tree would be yet another primitive for database design.
 * Naming functions build by validator `check` is confusing.
 * Wondering why I don't put `leaf` and `branch` onto the file names as
   suffixes, and also, not sure I care if the files have the prefix `segment`.
   It is going to be easier to format the file names without that.
 * Since I'm already doing negative and positive inside strata, why don't I use
   even and odd? That would be consistent with the file system, one
   representation everywhere.
 * Can't I write the distance between additions and subtractions and general
   dirtiness into the footer of the page?

## Delayed Writes

For block writes, with a nice interface, wouldn't it be nice to have `unlock`
take a callback, which would be a way to say, write before unlocking.

However, it would it might just as good to gather up dirty pages and flush them
as part of an global exit. You might luck out and flush out the results of two
descents in one page flush. How often would be you be that sort of lucky that it
would warrant an early flush.

## Position Array Jumping

I'm not sure what I had against reading backwards from the end of leaf
page. We're going to read those records if we jump, we're going to scan
for newlines while we do it, and we're going to keep the objects we
read.

No, it doesn't help you to jump back to it, except maybe to look for the
leaf page to the right, but that wouldn't be a part of normal operation,
only recovery. At times you consider ways to make counted B-Trees
simpler by caching the record count, but why cache the record count and
not the leaf key? In order to get to the record count, you would have
had to have already read in the leaf key, which means reading back to
the positions array.

Not jumping to it, mind you, because if you jump to it, you won't know
if the first entry is the key, until you replay the log.

Oh, wait, no. The positions array does contain the key. The first value
does not change except for merges and ghost deletions, the operations
that write out a position array. We can add the key to that record. Now
we can get the count from the last record and key by jumping to the
positions array.

Plus, we can jump to the position array and load it for the key, but
leave the leaf page in an unloaded state. If we've only cracked it to
get the key, it's primed and ready to read.

But, ultimately, I believe I'm going to implement counted B-Trees using
an additional Strata tree.

## More Caching

If we do position array jumping, we might open up a read stream to begin to read
the leaf page, or an initial buffer, but leave it there, not proceeding until
someone actually visits the leaf page. We can put this information in the
Magazine perhaps in a separate Magazine for partially read pages?

## Breaking the Rule of Append

I'm struggling to fight file girth, but it occurs to me that the reason I'm
struggling so much is that I've make sure that the only writes are appends. I
like the property because it favors durability. I know that I'm only ever
growing the file this way.

However, I could, as easily add a record to the end of the file. That record
could be a footer. It could contain all our housekeeping data. I could
overwrite that footer at each new write.

Which is why I believe I need to add a footer record, even though, for now, I'm
going to keep the only-append. With it, overwrite becomes an option. If anyone
notices or cares about the girth, their is an answer, a place to go. Until then,
every leaf page file is going to be a log.

In fact, if I am going this route, why don't I simply write out the key over and
over again?

*update*: Still bothers me, the girth, but if I'm vacuuming frequently, it won't
be such a bother, will it? If vacuum turns out to be something that is done
regularly, then investing in the rewind will not have been worth it.

But, I'm starting to not like append only, because it only protects against a
certain type of error that could be caught by testing. It starts to feel like
type safety, a talisman against corruption, one more thing that we do that make
it impossible, impossible I say! to corrupt files because we're only ever
appending and the operating system will protect us from ourselves.

Yes, vacuuming is something that needs to be done, but in the mean time, all
that cruft. I don't know why I don't err on the side of tidy.

## Quick Split and Merge; Log then Rewrite

A number of different situations for writing can be more live than they are now.

Currently, we're locking a branch page while we rewrite a leaf page. That is
going to be a bottleneck in performance. Holding onto an exclusive lock of a
leaf page is bad, but holding onto an exclusive lock on a branch page is worse.

Since we're separating locking from caching, one thing we can do to improve
performance is to cache everything prior to performing the split or merge. We
can descend the tree as a reader, visiting each page that will participate in
the split or merge, adding an additional reference count to the cache.

If we're doing time series data, the balancer can suggest that instead of
splitting, we simply add a new page to the end of branch parent, or else split,
but split by truncating, instead of splitting in half, or have a simple
heuristic which is that if the page to split is the right most page, we split by
truncating, which might mean we have a degenerate last page for most trees, but
a tightly packed tree for append trees.

Now that branch pages are logs, we only need to write our changes to the log
while we exclusive lock, but we can downgrade to a shared lock while we rewrite
the branch page.

Logged splits would be much more difficult. We would write to the page our
intention to split the page in a house keeping record of some sort. That would
say, hey, we split this into three pages, but how does that work in memory? Do
we have an abstraction that is a cached pseudo page where new writes are
appended to the current leaf page log, even as we copy records into new page
files? The pseudo page would have to update both the new cleaned up page, and
the old split page. Actually, that seems rather easier, to simply say, here are
two new pages in memory, update them, now update this old version of the left
page. When the left page flushes, this write is committed. The writes to the new
pages do not have to flush.

What do you write out onto disk when you split to make the split occur as
quickly as possible? Maybe a footer record that says "coming soon?" How do you
read the actual page it references, when it is going to be to the left of the
reference? I suppose when you split, the actual page stays linked as the right
most page, it's left siblings are references.

Merges could work the same way, we merely log the intent to merge, but while
we're writing out the new merged page, iterators will land on the current left
page, and iterate to the right page, which is no longer linked into the tree.

Keep in mind that, if we end up blindly appending stuff, we might want to
replace insert and delete indexes with the actual keys. That would only change
delete log entries, since we can extract the key from the record.

Currently, branch page updates are handled by rewriting the pages, locking the
page while they are being rewritten, then using the atomic nature of a rename to
put the new pages in place. The lock, however, blocks other descents from making
progress, so we want to hold it for as short a time as possible, not for the
duration of an entire rewrite.

This is making me consider some sort of a balance plan file, or maybe just a
balance intention file that has the instructions for a single balance written to
the directory. During recovery, this single balance is performed. Alternatively,
there could be a directory that has a file for each plan in the balance, and as
the balance is performed, a file is removed, the files are ordered by a numeric
name.

This is possible because we've made the balance thread of execution separate
and it's goal is not to be lightening fast, but to be lightening fast about
holding exclusive locks. If the update to the branch pages is done with an
append to a file, then that is faster than copying the entire file, or at least
one imagines it would be.

The merges could simply be a log file, actually. Writing out JSON per line for
each action and then logging the completion of each action, in addition to
logging any follow on actions. Thus, you have a plan to split a page, so you get
to the page and create a new page that is an empty split, just a pointer to the
page it split from, update it's parent branch page by adding a key to the page,
which let's say is the root, so there is nothing more to do (the root does not
need to split.) When you create the empty split you add an entry in the merge
log that says to come back and complete the split, you add an entry to the merge
log to come back and rewrite branch page the way it is rewritten now.

Until it is rewritten inserts get appended to the old page file, but inserted
into the correct in memory page object. A rewrite needs to hold a read only lock
on all the split pages, to copy them, but it can do it in two steps, once for
each page, then again holding all pages to check to see if anything changed,
maybe even having some queue of operations to check, instead of having to go
back and try to discern the differences, simply an array, that if present
gathers up writes.

Except that this now means that we want to hold the pages in memory so that they
are not flushed and those writes lost, and we want to do that independently of
the read and write lock mechanism.

## Most Lively Balance

*update*: Now that I've got keys in branch pages here's what occurs to me:

Currently when we split or merge we lock a branch page exclusively and block out
a sub-tree. In that subtree we rewrite pages, performing a lot of file I/O. This
is slow and it blocks progress of read/write descents. It is not necessary. The
only thing that needs to be committed to file is the change in the balance of the
tree.

Here's a mode of operation. Using shared locks, create an annotation it the leaf
page, then create new branch pages by writing out the keys, but put them to one
side as replacements. Now we're not really using our branch pages as journals.
They are always whole files. We move them into place using `unlink` and
`rename`.

The rewriting is done with a shared lock, but it is not reflected in the pages
in memory. Each branch page can hold a dummy branch page that has been
rewritten. We then descend the tree locking the pivot exclusively, then moving
it's dummy into place in memory and moving its rewrite into place on disk.

Now we no longer care about the race conditions of the balance plan. In fact,
the balance plan doesn't make much sense since we do things one step at a time
anyway. We'll need to look at whether or not we want balance planning to be
internal to Strata. We do want to have some automatic behavior though.

Thus, currently, if a page looks as though it needs to split, then it is put
into a plan for splitting. When we reach the page, we check again to see if it
still needs split, then split and propagate the split. I say, when we decide if
something needs to be split, this race condition is futile. It could be the case
that in the time it took us to determine that the page needs to be split that it
does not need to be split, but it could also be the case that the page no longer
needs split the moment after we've split it.

However, in the case of split, we can't split an empty page, or a page with only
one element, so we may have to surrender that split.

Thus, we choose to split a page, so off we go to split it. We read lock on our
way down. We choose partitions. We then update a copy of our pages. We write out
replacements. We write out a stub of the split page.

Then we descend again, this time for locking. We assert that the partition is
still valid, oh, but it is always valid, for even if we've since emptied that
page, we can always keep the partition, so no timeout. With everything locked
exclusive, or on the way down locking exclusive, we put our copies in place,
then we get to the root and copy the current page to a dirty file, rename it,
and then put out stubs, plural, in place. Stubs contain position arrays, but the
positions are in the dirty file.

That was exclusive for only a moment, so we get to continue. We now write out
replacements for the stubs, which is going to be slow and shovel a lot of bytes,
but that's the way it goes, but it's also a shared operation.

In fact, it doesn't need to lock the page at all. It can just copy the old
legacy file to new files, reading through the positions array at was any copying
the records over to their new files. It can then get a read lock in order to
replay the stub but play it into the new files. Then an exclusive lock to move
the pages over.

And then if it is out of balance, then it is out of balance.

**Horrible problem** is that moving away from the current balance plan means
that we'll end up breaking tests, so we may have to create it in parallel.

Oh, that's anguish, that feeling I just felt.

*Inbox*:

 * Play the log and use the positions array as a map to determine if the record
   has survived deletion.

## Null Keys

No. We've already decided that there are no duplicate keys, but we've provided a
solution, a simulated duplicate key using a series value. Now, what is going to
be more common, duplicate keys? Or an index that permits a single null?

Shaking my head gear clear of all this hanging on.

## Error Propagation

I've got a problem now, and it's one that I solved in Cadence. I've got a
wrapper around my callback that simplifies error handling, but if I've called a
callback in user space that throws an exception, I'm going to swallow that user
space exception, when really it was supposed to propagate.

No, not quite solved in Cadence.

Running into a problem with Strata where if I throw an exception from within
Strata, it is likely to get caught by the `validate`. I've already begun work to
solve this problem here. How do you handle errors that are deeply nested, if
you're using try/catch blocks to to convert exceptions into errors?

In the case of Strata, it can call a user function, the user function raises an
exception, and a `validate` wrapper catches it, but it was not an exception
thrown by Strata. Types don't count because we want to catch an exception not
based on type, but based on boundary. If it is raised in the Strata code, catch
it, otherwise, propagate it. Thus, when we callback, and call out, we need to
indicate the boundary.

This ought to work. You wrap the exit in a try catch, and mark it as throwing,
then if you catch the exception that is currently throwing, you rethrow. If
you're calling internally, that is, let's say you're within Strata, and you call
a function like `get()` a function also used by users, if it wraps it doesn't
matter, because you've also wrapped the callback. It calls the callback. Any
exception is intercepted and in the `validate` wrapper.

I'm beginning to feel that I've put so much so much thought into Cadence, I
don't know why I don't use it to build Strata.

## Changes for Next Release

 * Upgrade Proof to 0.0.31. #113.
 * Return an comparative integer from `Cursor.insert`. #112.
 * Peek of next page during insert with read lock, release immediately. #111.
 * Mutator should return false if index is to low instead of asserting. #110.
 * All Strata constructor options should be in the `options` hash. #109.
 * Fix aspect ratio of `README.md` image. #108.

# Time-Series Indices

Indexing a time series has multiple requirements over other types of data, but
also a few advantages. Since a TS-Tree is balanced, it must be split in such a
way that does not cause overlap, but traditionally splitting algorithms do not
work simply because time-series tend to be so large - we can't implement a
splitting method that propagates too far up the tree. Thus, we simply split the
tree first based on its most descriptive dimension - obviously time - and from
there we must separate based on any lower dimensions - in our case, the keys.
So we have to define a separator, some discrete value to roughly represent the
shortest time series between two nodes.

If we are actually simply indexing a log, then we know our tree will be
naturally ordered, and we probably only need to define a separator and way to
index the lower dimensions, since it can be reasonably assumed that we will
never be inserting anywhere beyond the current page. If this is not the case,
however, and entries can be made at any point in the tree (batch operations,
late reports, whatever), then we need to quantize the time series so that we
have a way of grouping similar values(though this is also probably necessary if
splitting is done out of spatial necessity instead of equiwidth quantization).
So, we can quantize the series based on interval length (equiwidth, i.e. days,
weeks, etc) or interval size (equidepth, i.e. 500 entries, 1K entries)
depending on the domain, combined with bounding meta-data similar to an
R-tree's minimum bounding rectangle to give us both a rough, overall method of
quantization while maintaining the meta-data needed to give us a finer one if
we should need it.

# Simplified Leaf Pages

I'm concerned that a leaf page might grow so large and spotty that it will be
difficult, unpleasant to load all the leaves. This is why I created the notion
of a positions array. The positions array can be cached at the end of the leaf.
It will contain an array of all the entries in the leaf, so you don't have to
load the entires until you need them.

But, the moment I test Locket, I find that it is far too slow, so now I loathe
trips to the drive. I don't want large leaves. I start thinking about how I
might read a leaf in memory, then serve slices of leaf when data is requested.
(Of course, this makes cache evacuation a bit difficult, oh, but not really, it
would still be held by the slice reference, okay, never mind.)

I'm eager to load the entire leaf, why not ask that the application keep leaves
small so that leaf loads are cheap? Then it occurs to me, why not make leaves
small, but make penultimate nodes very large. That way, if we have an
application that goes to different spots in the tree, leaves not expensive to
keep tidy, they are small, and penultimate nodes are expensive to keep tidy, but
only if the key is very large, and only at balance time.

We could also get really aggressive with the lookup table, instead of writing it
into the body, write it into the footer.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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Give your child a great start by enrolling them in a Luthercare for Kids Early Learning Center with four locations in Lancaster and Lebanon counties!


text:
Russia: History Moscow State Moscow State Formation
Ivan III Reign.
Culture of Muscovy
The Foreign Policy of Ivan III. Overthrow of the Golden Horde Rule.
Consolidation of The Moscow Princedom in Reign of Vasily I
Changes in the System of Public Management.
The Feudal War in the second quarter of XV Century.
Strengthening of Political System in Reign of Ivan III.
The Last Will of Ivan III.
Autocephaly of the Russian Orthodox Church in the middle of XV century
Social and Economic Development of Russia in XV century.
The Church and Heresies in the second half of XV century.
International Situation of Muscovy in XV century
Relations of Moscow with The Great Lithuanian Princedom and The Golden Horde
Annexation of Novgorod's Lands to Moscow
From the end of XIV century the development of Russian culture was characterized by significant rise. The fundamental matter of the cultural process in XV century was the task of liberation of the nation and strengthening of the single Russian Sate. Moscow became the true centre of All-Russian national culture. The role and value of Russian language strengthened in this period. New literary works contributing creation of the State appeared again and again. Interest to the history of Motherland grew also. In modern literature Russian culture of this period is called "Russian Renaissance".
In XV century practically all large cities of Northeast Russia were restoring and enlarging monastic schools. Old hand-written books were re-written and new once created. Literacy of various layers of population was growing, especially in cities.
The Moscow annals occupied a prominent place in the field of literature that time. In 1408 Moscow Mitropoly began to compile first All-Russian annalistic books, the very first one was The Trinity Chronicle. The first Moscow annalistic book that gave an ideological substantiation of historical importance of association of Russian Lands around Moscow was compiled in 1480.
The victory on Kulikovo Field called into being such outstanding literary works as "Skazaniye o Mamayevom Poboische' and a poetical narrative "Zadonschina' which was written down by Efrosin, the monk of Kirillo-Belozersky Monastery in the end of XV century.
The Rise of Russian culture and art that involved all the Russian Lands associated by Moscow was due to restoration and development of cultural relations with the countries of Europe and the East. In this regard especially fruitful were cultural contacts with the nations of Bulgaria and Serbia; their culture had great influence on Russian literature and fine art. Russian hagiographical literature of that time represents a vivid example of such South-Slavic influence. The famous master of this genre, Epifaniy the Wise (died in 1422) complied biographies of Sergy Radonezhsky and Stefan Permsky.
A significant place in the Russian Medieval Literature is occupied by The Chronograph - a collection of moralizing and entertaining stories on the world history, prepared in 1442 by Serb Pakhomiy Logofet who lived in Russia since 30's of XV century up to his death in 1484. He was also an editor of some well-known in Russia biographical narrations that are close to oral national folk art tradition.
Expansion of political, economic and cultural contacts of Muscovy with other countries was reflected in such famous literary monument of that epoch as the travel notes of Afanasiy Nikitin, the Tver merchant, written in a literary genre of travellings. 'Khozhdeniye za Tri Morya' depicts the travels of Nikitin to Persia, India and other countries of the East between 1466 and 1472.Besides this genre, epical and satirical folklore was also widespread in Muscovy.
Russian architecture of XV century was characterized by the further development of the two main architectural schools: Novgorod and Moscow tradition. A characteristic example of the first one is represented by Vasily's Temple on Gorka (erected in Pskov in 1410). The Moscow Architectural School based on traditions of Vladimir and Novgorod-Pskovy architecture gradually became dominant. Unique monuments of early Moscow architecture are: the Assumption Cathedrals in Gorodok (Zvenigorod), temples of the Trinity-Sergiyev, Savvino-Storozhevsky and Andronikov Monasteries.
In Ivan III's reign a great importance was given to development of the Moscow architecture and in its turn it was directly connected with strengthening of the Grand Moscow Duke's power. A large-scale reconstruction of the Moscow Kremlin architecture was carried out in that period by Russian masters together with invited Italian architects. In 1479 Italian master Aristotel Fioravanti completed erection of the main temple of the Russian State - the Assumption Cathedral of the Kremlin.
After that the Faceted Chamber, Ivan Lestvichnik's Temple, the Grand Guke's Palace, the Arkhangelsk Cathedral and also the Kremlin walls and towers were constructed in the Kremlin. Along with Fioravanti, other Italian architectures like Anton Fryazin, Marko, Pietro Solari, Aleviz Fryazin and Ateviz Novy participated in this project. On the whole, Italian masters, artisans, craftsmen, artists considerably affected formation of Russian culture of that time. But no less skillful were the works of native Russian masters. Pskov architects, for instance, erected the Grand-Ducal Annunciation House Church in the Kremlin in 1489.
This was also the period of the highest development of Russian church painting. In the end of XIV and in the beginning of XV century in Novgorod, Moscow, Serpukhovo and Nizhni Novgorod worked Pheophan Greek (1340?-1405), the great artist who came from Byzantium. He painted the Saviour Temple in Ilin Street in Novgorod, together with Simeon Cherny he painted the Moscow Church of the Nativity of the Mother of God (1395) and the Arkhangelsk Cathedral (1399).
The great Russian artist who lived also in that period was Andrey Rublev (1369 or 1370-1430). He participated in painting of the old Annunciation Cathedral in the Kremlin (1405), together with Pheophan Greek and master Prokhor from Gorodets he painted The Assumption Cathedral in Vladimir (1408), The Trinity Cathedral - in Troitsko-Sergiyev Monastery and The Saviour Cathedral of Andronikov Monastery (1420's). A masterpiece of the world painting art - "The Trinity" icon was also executed by him.
In the end of XV century a huge contribution to development of Russian painting was made by outstanding icon painter Dionisy (1440-1503). Together with his sons Pheodosiy and Vladimir and his other apprentices he created frescos of The Assumption Cathedral of the Kremlin, paintings of temples of Pafnutyevo-Borovsky, Iosifo-Volokolamsky and Pherapontov Monasteries. A well-known icon 'Spas v Silakh' is also among his great works.
Russian Culture in XVII century
Chaikovsky Manor-Museum
Culture of Russia
Culture and Art in the "Thaw" period
Foregn Policy