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(646) 205-0202info@openprimarieseducationfund.org
Open Primaries Advocacy
2020 Independents Report
Open Primaries National Forum & Roundtable Event Review
Christian Grose
Independent Voting
Joseph Garcia
ASU Morrison Institute for Public Policy
On December 15, 2017, a consortium of ASU Morrison Institute for Public Policy, the USC Schwarzenegger Institute for State and Global Policy and Independent Voting, a national organizing center, hosted a daylong national forum and roundtable on the topic of open primaries.
The event was convened at the downtown Phoenix campus at Arizona State University via sponsorship by the Open Primaries Education Fund to review current research, scholarship and on-the-ground experience with open primaries and their impact on voters and governance. The roundtable brought together leading researchers, frontline thought leaders and activists, creating a dynamic opportunity for academic researchers and political front liners to explore each other's work and perspectives.
With broad public and academic concern growing about the structural bias of the electoral process, developing a renewed and reframed understanding of how differing primary systems work is becoming vital. Long-held assumptions in the political arena are being questioned. Should political parties be permitted to control access to primaries – a right of private associations – and still receive taxpayer funding for those primaries? Do closed primaries discourage voter participation in general elections? How is the behavior of elected officials shaped by the primary process in their state?
Does the fact that 43 percent of Americans identify as independents warrant a possible change in the rules governing primary elections? And what about data indicating that 75 percent of millennials do not identify with any political party and do not seek a party alignment of any kind? Do the systems of closed and semi-open primaries work in light of these new features of the U.S. electorate?
What is the relationship between having a more collaborative legislature and a more open primary? And do these variations have an impact beyond the outcome of any given election to the social and cultural fabric of a community?
These questions are not merely abstract concerns, but will be posed for policy makers in very practical ways in the years to come. Thus, it is critical that researchers are asking the right questions now and preparing to answer these questions as circumstances dictate. The particular success of the OPEF Roundtable was that frontliners and thought leaders in this arena were able to help the leading researchers in the field develop a more current and relevant understanding of the questions at hand and of the methodology necessary to exploring them. If "mutuality" between researchers and practitioners is becoming the gold standard for innovation and demonstrable impact in fields like education and youth development, the mutuality that was manifest at the Phoenix Roundtable was truly significant.
The interdisciplinary day of analysis and discussion allowed participants to identify and explore gaps in knowledge and to prioritize a set of research questions for further inquiry. The forum centered around a series of facilitated roundtable discussions.
The first discussion was moderated by Christian Grose and Andrea Whitsett and was motivated with a series of seven reports from leading researchers presenting relevant work looking at open primaries.
Jackie Salit and Conyers Davis facilitated the second discussion, "Views from the Frontlines." They interviewed a panel of attorneys, elected and former elected officials and civil rights leaders, exploring their views on: how primary systems impact the behavior of elected officials; whether open primaries are a fundamental issue of voting rights and fairness; and how the structure of primaries impacts voter mobility and the empowerment of communities of color. This was followed by a discussion among all participants.
During his lunchtime keynote, Jonathan Koppell asked participants to discuss the underlying philosophical premises of the role of elections.
After hearing a review of the current research and reports from the front lines, the afternoon was spent drawing out the gaps in knowledge; examining the rationales for open primaries and examining the issue of fairness in the election process; the legislative and representation outcomes produced with open primaries; and new questions for research. Christian Grose, Thom Reilly and Cathy Stewart facilitated a discussion of research directions for the future.
Reilly kicked off the conversation by asking what are the appropriate metrics to use in evaluating the impact and effectiveness of open primaries and other primary systems. This was a theme that ran throughout the day as researchers and frontline leaders explored the differing rationales for advocating for open primaries and how that impacts on research design. Many of the frontline leaders raised the fundamentality of fairness, while many researchers have looked at representation or legislative moderation.
The day finished with a session facilitated by John Opdycke and Joseph Garcia, with participants asked to share their key takeaways. There was a strong consensus for future forums and the opportunity to engage with one another. Participants said they found the day's proceedings stimulating, thought provoking and leading to new questions and opportunities.
GENERAL TOPICS OF DISCUSSION What are our gaps in knowledge?
What is the current research on the impact of different primary systems?
How do open primaries impact on voter mobility, voter turnout?
How do differing primary systems impact on the behavior of elected officials and how they relate to constituents?
What is the relationship between legislative functionality and culture and differing forms of electoral systems?
Does state government function differently under an open primary system and how?
How does a closed primary system impact on voter's confidence? On representation?
What are the appropriate metrics to use in evaluating the impact and effectiveness of open primaries and other primary systems?
What are the different outcomes front line activists are looking for in working to advance open primaries? How do these outcomes differ from the outcomes researchers have studied to date?
How do open primaries impact on cross racial, cross ideological coalition building?
Are open primaries a voting rights issue?
Is the issue of open primaries a fundamental issue of fairness? How do you measure voter's perception of fairness?
Is the consent of the governed in question today? How is the consent of the governed impacted on by closed primary systems at a time when 42 percent of Americans consider themselves independent?
The controversy surrounding the independent voter?
• Is this a genuine new constituency in American politics, or are independents really closet Democrats or Republicans?
Are there methodological issues? What is the role of qualitative research?
How do we evaluate same party general elections?
How do we look at the subjectivity of the voter when we look at reforming the system? Do open primaries give voters more of the subjective experience of "people like me have a say in what government does"?
Can you isolate the open primary phenomenon from the other electoral and cultural factors?
Are there ways that the research community and the frontline activist community can collaborate to better understand how voters think about structural issues?
Next Steps: Research
What do scholars already know about open primaries?
During the OPEF forum, a number of academics and researchers identified what we know in regards to the effects of primary type (open, closed, open top-two, hybrid) on outcomes. The morning session led with presentations by the scholars about their recently published research or works-in-progress related to open primaries, top-two primaries, or primary systems.
The research presented showed that open and top-two primaries led to greater responsiveness to independent and different-party voters and that in same-party general elections in the top-two, voters evaluate candidates on dimensions other than party (Christian Grose, Betsy Sinclair, and Andrew Sinclair); that legislators were less extreme in California, but not in Washington after the top-two (Eric McGhee, Christian Grose); that candidate ideological positions were no different under the top-two and that voters in the primary stage had not changed their behavior (Thad Kousser); that partisan polarization is increasing in the United States among elected officials and that the electoral "rules of the game" such as primaries need to be investigated as a potential cause (Antoine Yoshinaka); the role that race and the top-two primary type played in Ro Khanna's congressional victory over another Democrat (Sara Sadhwani); whether North Carolina young voters embrace the label independent (Omar Ali); and incumbent success rates under top-two and runoff systems (Charles Bullock, Andrew Sinclair). Scholars Jonathan Nagler and Nancy Shank raised criticism and issues about the research, and this began a discussion identifying areas in which more research is needed or where there are gaps in the existing works-in-progress presented by academic panelists.
Themes that emerged from the academic research
Following the presentation of research, the academics and practitioners engaged in a lively exchange of ideas, sometimes with significant, though polite, disagreement over concepts and outcomes. This exchange allowed for new ideas to emerge from the collaborative debate that took place in the room. More than one academic after the event remarked that they had participated in events with both practitioners and academics in the past where the two groups talked past one another, but in this case the discussion was robust and collaborative. During the event as well as in conversations after the event, a number of new research questions, research concepts and measures and new methodologies were identified.
In general, scholars and practitioners felt that political science and allied social sciences need additional research on:
The theoretical role of primary institutions
More clarity on the metrics that would be used to evaluate primary systems–what do scholars and practitioners value in a primary system?
More systematic, causal and field or survey experimental methods used to assess primary systems
Education and information–how can voters be informed of primary laws, and once informed, how does voter behavior change?
An emphasis on how both voters and elites respond to different primary systems
More research examining access to the vote by independent voters was important, as well as studies examining mobilization of independent voters under open primary systems
The "consent of the governed"–do independent and other voters feel greater efficacy in open primary systems? Are voters more satisfied with the democratic process in open and top-two primary systems?
Are those who vote for losing candidates more empowered under open primary systems? Are there permanent losers under certain primary systems?
New measures and metrics for outcomes regarding the effect of primaries on voters, non-voters, elected officials, candidates, interest groups and other political elites
Attempts to examine what messages work for influencing voters to support or oppose ballot referenda supporting open primaries or changes to electoral systems more broadly
There was a robust discussion over the nature of primary systems, and defining what scholars have traditionally studied in the past. There was near-consensus among scholars and practitioners to move toward studying new and different outcomes of primary systems. A very robust discussion was had over the nature and definition of an independent voter with some academics suggesting we go beyond a simple count of who identifies as an independent voter and instead probe more deeply.
Other academics pointed to data showing that we are in a partisan era and that many independent voters lean toward one party or another even while stating they are independent. At least one scholar (Betsy Sinclair) suggested more research is needed to identify which voters are "independent minded" or open to new ideas as much as defining and counting the number of independent voters.
Others suggested more research to assess partisan identity. How many independent voters have an independent identity? How many voters registered with the two major parties also have an independent identity? This question of partisan identity has been studied with Democrats and Republicans, but less with independent voters. Others pointed to the need to study partisan polarization at the elite level among elected officials.
Below are a number of the specific research questions scholars identified as worthy of future study. These are research questions that came out of the conversation that day, or from conversations among academic participants following the convening. This is only a selection of some of the possible new directions for academic research on primaries:
• More field experiments and survey experiments needed. Scholars noted that most of the work on primary systems and political behavior of voters and elected officials has been observational. This means that outcome variables – such as candidate or legislator ideology – have been associated with primary type. This observational research looks at associations between primaries and candidate or voter behavior. However, it is unable to assess whether the primary has caused candidates to change their behavior. Many of the scholars concluded that more experiments and RCTs examining the effect of primaries are needed. Given that most past research has been based on observational data (exceptions include the research presented by Christian Grose), future research on primaries should involve RCTs and experiments.
• Replications and extensions of existing work are needed. There is only one published study that involves a randomized control trial mobilizing independent voters (work presented by Thad Kousser). Betsy Sinclair suggested a replication and extension of this past study. In this replication, a get-out-the-vote study to mobilize independent voters would be conducted. The point of the study will be to educate voters about the rules of their primary system and in states where they can participate in primaries, remind them to vote. A post-treatment survey will be conducted analyzing how the voters in the GOTV treatment group felt about being told they have access to the ballot on political efficacy, their loosening of partisan attachment to one of the two major parties, their independent mindedness, and other attitudes that the effect of being told about primary ballot access has on voters. The effect of GOTV mobilization in open and top-two primary settings has been examined once, and should be replicated. Further, additional citizen attitudes following the experiment should also be examined. Another replication and extension would be to replicate Grose's responsiveness experiment but use candidates' or incumbents' Facebook and social media pages as platforms instead of email contacting. Do candidates in open and top-two systems (relative to closed systems) respond more to voters who present themselves as "independent minded" or as partisans?
• Electoral competition. Survey experiments examining "competition deserts" where the general election has no serious opposition and candidates of one party almost always win (suggested by Andrew Sinclair). The survey experiments would be in states with different primary systems and gauge citizen satisfaction and priorities about the public policy process. Surveys would also examine what citizens think about political reforms, particularly different primary types. Data on the frequency of these "competition deserts" would also be collected across states and legislative districts.
• Studies of framing to assess when voters who identify as independent, Democratic or Republican are more likely to be persuaded by messages about open primaries yielding greater access beyond the parties. Examinations of ballot access arguments for open primaries versus other policy effects advocates claim it achieves should be conducted. This could be studied with surveys, survey experiments, and embedded field experiments within ballot initiative and referenda campaigns in localities and states considering the adoption of open primaries. More broadly, more research on how citizens change their attitudes toward primary systems is needed.
• Wider geographic reach. Research needs to continue to take place in California given its size and influence in the country. However, more research in other states is also required. Scholars and practitioners noted that research on other states such as Washington, Louisiana, and Nebraska (in the case of the top-two primary) is needed. Other states with open, semi-open, and semi-closed primaries also need to be studied more extensively, with RCTs, survey experiments, and surveys. Sample size issues in the smaller states should be noted.
• Advocacy field experiments. Advocacy field experiments are extremely uncommon in political science, but could yield fruitful academic-practitioner partnerships in the area of open primaries. Grose offered to advise on randomization and design of experiments for organizations interested in embedding RCTs in their messaging campaigns (and other participating scholars likely would be interested). Scholars can also independently test different messages to voters in survey experiments in states where ballot initiatives to move toward more open primary systems are possible; or in states where open systems face the potential for repeal. Field experiments are also possible in states when the ballot initiative is on the ballot.
• Policy diffusion and elite persuasion. Grose suggested that field experiments to assess how ideas spread across political elites could be conducted. Are legislators more open to consider hearing arguments that could eventually lead to sponsoring legislation in their states when other legislators in other states present them with arguments? Which messages and legislators cause this policy diffusion? How can elected officials and other influential political elites be persuaded to be more open to changes in primary systems? What prohibits this persuasion?
• Consent of the governed. Research questions related to the consent of the governed focused on voter feelings, attitudes and mobilization: How do voters feel about different primary systems? Is primary type linked with voter efficacy, satisfaction, and other voter attitudes and opinions? The outcomes worth studying are not simply the votes of legislators or voter turnout, but also attitudes and greater feelings of being involved in the democratic process under different primary systems.
• Ballot access versus ballot participation. While independent voters can participate in open and top-two primaries, past research has suggested that voter turnout has not increased substantially. More research is needed to address this question, but one emergent hypothesis was that changes in participation in an open versus closed primary system may be less important than the opportunity to participate. What is the result of the opportunity to participate on legislator behavior, citizen attitudes, and other outcomes?
• Which voters lose and which voters win most frequently under different primary systems? Yoshinaka suggested that there is a small literature in political science that examines whether voters are frequently on the winning or losing side of elections. In a competitive and pluralistic polity, few voters should regularly lose in all elections. A system in which the same groups regularly vote for candidates who lose could lead to greater disaffection with the democratic process. Bullock's presentation also touched on this question. One possible research question offered by Yoshinaka would be to ask: How often do different types of voters choose the losing candidate or the winning candidate over time in different types of primary systems? In general elections, do independent voters more frequently vote for the winning candidate in open, top-two, or closed primary systems? Past work has examined the frequency in which Democrats, Republicans and independents have been on the losing side of general elections, as well as other social groups (e.g., African Americans, Latino/as, Asian Americans, women, men). This work has never examined the frequency by which independents and other voters are on the losing and winning sides; nor has it looked at the frequency of certain voter groups being on the losing or winning side in open versus closed primary systems. How do the losers in different systems feel in terms of efficacy and involvement with the democratic process?
Developing a theory of independence among elected officials and candidates. How can scholars identify the independent-thinking candidate? Even with constraints from the major parties over elected officials, some elected officials may be more likely to cosponsor or sponsor legislation with members of the other party. Which legislators and elected officials – even if often voting with their party – are more likely to work with members of other parties? Which legislators and elected officials respond to constituents of other parties? Which elected officials present themselves as independent-minded and eschew partisanship in communications with constituents versus those elected officials that emphasize party in their constituent communications?
What are the incentives for elected officials to not change primary systems and electoral systems? Under what conditions are elected officials less likely to block electoral or primary system change? What are the incentives and conditions for change? What are the constraints that lead to little change in primary and electoral systems?
Legislative functionality and effectiveness. Moving beyond legislator moderation or extremity toward other measures of legislative and government accountability was suggested. Kousser and Koppell suggested that scholars should develop measures of legislative functionality and assess the effect of primary type of legislative functionality and effectiveness. Further, the responsiveness and accountability of elected officials to voters – the key question of representation – should be studied more.
Fairness. How do voters evaluate the fairness of different primary systems? Voters in surveys or in randomized laboratory experiments are presented with different scenarios (randomly assigned to be an independent who cannot participate in a closed primary, randomly assigned to be a Democrat who can participate in a closed primary, randomly assigned to be an independent who can participate in an open primary, and so on) and then asked about their evaluations of the fairness and their political efficacy under each system and scenario. Similar questions regarding fairness should also be asked in regards to race, ethnicity, and gender of voters, candidates and elected officials.
Perhaps not surprisingly, the Open Primaries National Forum & Roundtable provided more questions than answers, since primaries around the nation vary by state, some are under recent reform, and primaries are anything but a one-size-fits-all exercise in democracy. Research, analysis, presentations and testimony presented throughout the day aptly pointed out those facts. However, it may not be too far of a reach to say the No. 1 question of the day was answered resoundingly with virtual consensus.
The initial query: "What if researchers, practitioners, advocates, lawyers, educators, communicators and organizers were brought together with no predetermined outcome or agenda other than for them to respectfully but frankly share their expertise and experience regarding primaries, what would happen?"
The result: Bridges were created and extended to provide unique access to usually provincial realms of individuals and institutions that deal with primary elections in their own respective and separate ways as if in a bubble. After a daylong discussion of presentations and open discussion, a new connection seemingly was established and a new appreciation of the connectivity in how data, research, analysis, practice and a call to action are intrinsically linked (albeit from distinct different points of origin due to a necessary independence for untethered operation and/or scientific credibility).
In some respect, the forum's hosting consortium – ASU Morrison Institute for Public Policy, the USC Schwarzenegger Institute for State and Global Policy and Independent Voting — is an example in and by itself of how definitive lines between separate entities and interests do not have to be blurred or compromised in order to seek a clearer vision and better understanding of something so nebulous, dynamic and complex as primary elections. After all, a myopic viewpoint is limited in scope, depth and distance and, thereby, hardly an accurate portrayal of the overall landscape or big picture; it takes two eyes for 20/20 vision and many more for a true 360-degree view.
The shared insight from the forum and roundtable, which brought together individuals and entities from throughout the United States, is a first but important step in advancing this goal of mutual respect and understanding. The research and data were impressive in their own right but were made even stronger collectively. Although attendees may play necessarily different and distinct roles, there was a universal issue regarding primary elections that emerged and requires additional research and greater public attention: fairness and access – two essential ingredients to a functioning democracy.
The question of how to get there remains yet unanswered, as do the aforementioned questions detailed in this review, along with the following reiterations:
Are voters more satisfied with the democratic process in open and top-two primary systems?
Are there permanent losers and winners under certain primary systems?
Do closed primaries discourage voter participation in general elections?
How is the behavior of elected officials shaped by the primary process in their state?
Should political parties be permitted to control access to primaries and still receive taxpayer funding for those primaries?
Does the fact that 43 percent of Americans identify as independents warrant a possible change in the rules governing primary elections?
Are primary elections providing a fair platform for voters and candidates of underrepresented populations regarding gender, race, ethnicity and economic backgrounds?
What changes in primary elections could possibly lead to less partisanship and polarization in politics and governance?
What are the incentives and disincentives for election officials to change/not change primary and electoral systems?
How often do different types of voters choose the losing candidate or the winning candidate over time in different types of primary systems?
Should voter participation in primaries be a top goal without also including a plan for improved voter education? As noted throughout this review of the forum, despite impressive research presented and analysis already done on certain aspects of primary elections, there are many more questions to be explored and asked. But that was a given, going into the OPEF forum. The initial question, however, of whether additional efforts such as the Phoenix event are needed to further the collective understanding and perhaps improving the role of primary elections in a healthy democracy was answered at and by the forum.
Omar Ali is the Dean of Lloyd International Honors College and Professor of Global and Comparative African Diaspora History at the University of North Carolina at Greensboro. Ali received his Ph.D. in history from Columbia University in 2003. A board member of Independent Voting, Ali is also a community organizer who led a team of four researchers from UNCG conducting a face-to-face poll of students at 16 college campuses across North Carolina. The results were published in "College Independents Poll: The Emergence of Non- Partisan Politics?" in 2012.
Jason Altmire is a former U.S. Representative (PA, 4th CD) serving from 2007- 2013. Prior to running for office, Altmire was a business executive and nationally recognized expert on health care policy, working as a senior executive for major corporations in the hospital and health insurance industries. He has been an adjunct professor at George Washington University, focusing on politics and policy. He is the author of Dead Center: How Political Polarization Divided America and What We Can Do About it, released on October 3, 2017.
Art Babbott, elected as an independent, is in his second term on the Coconino County Board of Supervisors. He previously served six years on the Flagstaff City Council. Babbott has started and operated multiple small businesses, currently operating the Flagstaff Community Markets. He is an outspoken advocate for structural political reforms including open primaries and ranked choice voting. He has served on the Coconino County Planning and Zoning Commission, the County Public Health Services District Advisory Board, the Flagstaff Metropolitan Planning Organization and co-chaired the Coconino Plateau Water Advisory Council.
Mebus Behrle is Chief Deputy at the USC Schwarzenegger Institute, where she oversees the organization's financial reporting, strategic partnerships, website maintenance, brand promotion, community outreach and event production. She is an experienced project manager and external affairs liaison. Prior to joining the Schwarzenegger Institute, she specialized in communications and business development support. Behrle graduated from the University of Southern California in 2010 with a degree in Journalism from the Annenberg School of Communications and a degree in Entrepreneurship from the Marshal School of Business.
Charles Bullock III holds the Richard B. Russell Chair in Political Science and is Josiah Meigs Distinguished Teaching Professor and university professor at the University of Georgia. He has been at the University of Georgia since 1968 with the exception of one year when he served as legislative assistant to Congressman Bill Stuckey and two years when he was Professor of Political Science at the University of Houston. In 2005 and 2009 Bullock was a senior fellow at Oxford University's Rothermere American Institute.
Patrick Christmas is the Policy Program Manager for the Committee of Seventy in Philadelphia. A graduate of Swarthmore College in 2008, he taught biology and forensic science in Philadelphia for five years and began studies at the University of Pennsylvania's Fels Institute of Government. He joined the Committee of Seventy in August 2013 and is responsible for managing Seventy's policy analysis, advocacy campaigns and civic-related programming, including the Election Ambassador Corps and Better Philadelphia Elections Coalition.
Conyers Davis has a degree in International Relations from the University of St. Andrews, Scotland. He manages communications, special projects and external relations for the USC Schwarzenegger Institute for State and Global Policy. Davis has worked for British Prime Minister David Cameron, Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger, Simon & Schuster, Lionsgate Films and the U.S. Department of Homeland Security. Additionally, he managed projects for the 2004 G8 Summit and the 2005 Hurricane Katrina recovery effort.
Jessie Fields is an attending physician in Internal Medicine affiliated with the Mount Sinai Hospital and has a primary care general medical practice in the Harlem community. She is on the faculty of the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai and an adjunct faculty member at the Touro College of Osteopathic Medicine. Fields is on the boards of Open Primaries and Independent Voting and is a longtime political organizer focused on independent options for the African American community.
Joseph Garcia is Director of Communication and Community Impact at Morrison Institute for Public Policy Institute, as well as Director of its Latino Public Policy Center. He joined Arizona State University in 2009 after a career in journalism that included experience as a top editor, columnist and news reporter at The Arizona Republic, The Daily Times (Farmington, N.M.), Tucson Citizen, USA Today and The Associated Press. Garcia earned his bachelor's degree in journalism from the University of Arizona and his master's degree in nonprofit leadership and management from ASU, where he also teaches journalism.
Christian Grose is an Associate Professor of Political Science in Dornsife College at the University of Southern California, Associate Professor in the Price School of Public Policy (by courtesy) and Director of the Political Science & International Relations (POIR) Ph.D.
program. He is in the midst of writing a book with Michael Alvarez, Betsy Sinclair, and
Andrew Sinclair entitled The Politics of the Primary and is also author of Evaluating California's Top-two Primary: Candidates are More Bipartisan and More Responsive to Independent Voters in Top-two Primaries than in Closed Primaries. He has also written many journal articles and the book Congress in Black and White (2011, Cambridge University Press).
Jeremy Gruber is the Senior Vice President at Open Primaries. He is a lawyer and public policy advocate who has co-authored three books on the intersection of civil rights and biotechnology. Previously, he worked as field director for the ACLU's Workplace Rights Project, then as legal director for the National Workrights Institute and more recently as President of the Council for Responsible Genetics, a public interest organization focusing on bioethics. Gruber received his Juris Doctor (J.D.) from St. John's University School of Law and a B.A. in Politics from Brandeis University.
Michael Hardy is a founder of the National Action Network along with Rev. Al Sharpton. A practicing attorney since 1988, he serves as NAN's Executive Vice President and General Counsel. Hardy has been at the forefront of the nation's fight for social justice since 1981 and is a longtime supporter of the rights of all voters. He identifies the effort to achieve full voting rights for independent voters as an important civil rights issue of our time.
Julie Knutson is the President and CEO of the Oklahoma Academy, a nonprofit, nonpartisan organization dedicated to improving Oklahoma by engaging citizens in every step of the public policy process. Founded by former OK governor and U.S. Senator Henry Bellmon in 1967 to create a public policy organization that was independent, nonpartisan and inclusive, the Oklahoma Academy was revitalized in 1985 and has been led by Knutson since 1987. The Academy has used a traditional conference format to form recommendations addressing critical public policy issues facing the state.
Jonathan Koppell is Dean of the Arizona State University College of Public Service and Community Solutions. He is the Lattie and Elva Coor Presidential Chair in the ASU School of Public Affairs. His focus is preparing students for community engagement and public service while promoting use-inspired research by faculty and research centers. He seeks to make communities more prosperous, healthy and resilient via the college's schools of criminal justice, community development, public administration and policy, and social work. Koppell holds a doctorate in political science from University of California, Berkeley, and an A.B. from Harvard College.
Thad Kousser is a Professor of Political Science, UC San Diego. His research focus is on state and national politics, government reform, direct democracy, interest group influence, and how politicians use social media. He has authored, co-authored or edited numerous
books including: The Logic of American Politics, 8th Edition (CQ/Sage, forthcoming), Politics in the American States, 11th Edition (CQ/Sage, forthcoming), The Power of American
Governors (Cambridge University Press, 2012), The New Political Geography of California (Berkeley Public Policy Press, 2008), and Term Limits and the Dismantling of State Legislative Professionalism (Cambridge University Press, 2005).
Harry Kresky is General Counsel at Independent Voting. He is one of the country's foremost legal authorities on issues relating to political reform as well as on concerns of independent voters, candidates and parties. He was appointed by Mayor Michael R. Bloomberg to the 2002 New York City Charter Revision Commission and served as Chair of the Election Law Committee of the New York County Lawyers Association from 2010 to 2013. Kresky has participated in litigation in defense of open primaries and in support of independent candidates in multiple states.
Sarah Lyons is Director of Communications at Independent Voting.Since 1995, she has played a leading role in making IV recognizable as the premier advocacy center for independent voters. Lyons has made thousands of media placements on behalf of independent parties, candidates, voters and independent voter associations. She leads a training program that has developed over 400 independent voter activists from diverse backgrounds to act as spokespersons for issues of concern to independents. Lyons holds a BA in International Studies from the University of Oregon.
Eric McGhee is a research fellow at the Public Policy Institute of California, a nonprofit, nonpartisan think tank. His research focuses on: elections, legislative behavior, political reform, and surveys and polling. His research on elections and electoral reform has appeared in numerous academic journals, and his work has been profiled on National Public Radio, the Washington Post, the New York Times, and The Economist. McGhee was assistant professor of political science at the University of Oregon and served as a Congressional Fellow through the American Political Science Association.
Jonathan Nagler is a Professor of Politics at New York University, as well as the Director of the Politics Data Center. His research focus is on methodology, voting behavior, social-media, turnout, Latino voting, the economy and campaigns and elections. He is the author of Who Votes Now? Demographics, Issues, Inequality, and Turnout in the United States (Princeton University Press, 2014). He is also co-PI of the NYU Social Media and Political Participation (SMAPP) Lab.
John Opdycke is the President of Open Primaries. He is an activist and strategist with more than 25 years of experience working in independent, alternative and reform politics. He has appeared on Fox News, MSNBC, Al Jazeera, and NBC and his written commentary on the subject of independent politics and electoral reform has appeared in USA Today, Newsweek, The Hill, and dozens of local publications. Opdycke began his career as a fundraiser and researcher for the Rainbow Lobby, which advocated for ballot access and debate reform in the United States.
Danny Ortega is an attorney in private practice and a community activist. He serves on the Board of Directors of the Cesar Chavez Foundation and is the immediate past Chair of the Board of Directors of National Council of La Raza, the largest Hispanic civil rights and advocacy organization in the United States. He has previously served on the Board of the Mexican American Legal Defense and Education Fund, Los Abogados Hispanic Bar Association and Chicanos Por La Causa Inc. Ortega has been an outspoken advocate for open primaries.
Thom Reilly is the Chancellor of the Nevada System of Higher Education. Previously, he served as director of Morrison Institute for Public Policy at Arizona State University, where he was also a professor in the School of Public Affairs. Reilly has authored numerous published works on public pay and benefits, governance, HIV, and child welfare. He received his Master's and Doctorate of Public Administration from the University of Southern California, his Master of Social Work at ASU and a Bachelor in Social Work from the University of Memphis.
Carl Roell is the Legislative Strategist Fellow at Action Now Initiative. He holds a Bachelor of Arts in Theatre from the University of Florida, as well as a Juris Doctorate from Baylor University. Prior to his fellowship with Action Now Initiative, he was a public policy intern for Texas State Representative Ryan Guillen, specializing in Texas taxation and healthcare issues as well as a legislative intern for the Garcia Group Government Relations Firm focusing on bill analysis and legislative drafting.
Sara Sadhwani is a doctoral candidate in the Political Science and International Relations programs at the University of Southern California. Her research and teaching interests span American politics including: elections, voting behavior, public opinion and interest groups with an emphasis on the representation of racial, ethnic and immigrant communities. Her work includes the analysis of voter data, survey research and field experiments. Her dissertation examines cross-racial voting behavior in congressional elections and the implications of vote coalitions on descriptive representation.
Jacqueline Salit is an advocate for independent voters, 44 percent of the American electorate. As President of Independent Voting, she has built the largest network of independent activists in the country. Her firsthand account of this growing and influential movement, Independents Rising, was published by Palgrave Macmillan (2012). Salit was the architect of Michael Bloomberg's link-up with the independent movement in New York and ran his three mayoral campaigns on the Independence Party line. She speaks around the country on the impact of the trend towards political independence at universities, civic organizations, nonprofits and conferences.
Nancy Shank is the Associate Director at the University of Nebraska Public Policy Center since 1998. Much of Shank's research focuses on technology adoption, interoperability for information sharing between organizations, information and referral, economic and community development, organizational systems and behavior, and human services systems. In addition to her work at the Center, he also holds a Research Associate Professorship at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln, has served on multiple grant review panels, and provided strategic facilitation for a wide variety of groups both locally and nationally.
Betsy Sinclair is an Associate Professor of Political Science at Washington University in St. Louis. Her research interests are American politics and political methodology with an emphasis on individual political behavior. She focuses on the social foundations of participatory democracy and the ways in which social networks influence voting, donating, choosing a candidate or identifying with a particular party. Additional interests involving voting and elections range from evaluating the consequences of different voting technologies to developing techniques to draw causal inferences from social network data.
John Andrew Sinclair is a Clinical Assistant Professor of Public Service at the NYU Wagner Graduate School of Public Service. Prior to joining NYU, Sinclair spent time as Visiting Assistant Professor of Government at Claremont McKenna College and most recently was Research Associate at the University of Southern California. His fields of specialization are in American Politics and Political Methodology. He is currently in the final stages of completing a book with Cambridge University Press on California's new "top-two" nonpartisan primary called Nonpartisan Primary Election Reform: Mitigating Mischief.
Cathy Stewart is the Vice President for National Development at Independent Voting and has been a community organizer and strategist in the independent political movement since the early 1980's. In 1994, she helped found the Independence Party of New York. In 2001, 2005 and 2009, she ran the Party's voter-pull operations for Michael Bloomberg's winning mayoral campaigns. Stewart founded a popular education series for independent voter (Politics for the People) in 2002. Stewart holds an MS degree in nursing from Simmons College, and worked in the community health arena for over a decade.
Andrea Whitsett is Interim Director at Morrison Institute for Public Policy. She is a member of the Arizona Hispanic Chamber of Commerce's DATOS Research Committee and The Arizona We Want Research Advisory Committee. Whitsett belongs to the Arizona Cultural Data Project Taskforce and recently co-edited two background reports for Arizona Town Hall. She holds a Bachelor of Arts in American studies from Yale University, where she was awarded an Amy Rossborough Fellowship through the Yale Women's Center. She graduated from Arizona State University with a Master's degree in Nonprofit Studies.
Antoine Yoshinaka is an Associate Professor of Political Science at the University at Buffalo. He is the author of a new book, Crossing the Aisle, published by Cambridge University Press. The book is the first-ever systematic study of the causes and consequences of legislative party switching in the United States. It combines the statistical analysis of electoral data and legislative careers in the U.S. Congress and state legislatures with interviews of party switchers, non-switchers and a party leader. Open Primaries National Forum & Roundtable underwritten by
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text:
#ifndef LIBS_NUMERIC_ODEINT_TEST_DIAGNOSTIC_STATE_TYPE_HPP_DEFINED
#define LIBS_NUMERIC_ODEINT_TEST_DIAGNOSTIC_STATE_TYPE_HPP_DEFINED

#include <boost/array.hpp>
#include <boost/numeric/odeint/util/is_resizeable.hpp>
#include <boost/numeric/odeint/util/same_size.hpp>
#include <boost/numeric/odeint/util/resize.hpp>
#include <boost/numeric/odeint/util/state_wrapper.hpp>

template< size_t N >
struct counter
{
    static size_t& adjust_size_count( void )
    {
        static size_t m_adjust_size_count;
        return m_adjust_size_count;
    }

    static size_t& construct_count( void )
    {
        static size_t m_construct_count;
        return m_construct_count;
    }

    static size_t& copy_count( void )
    {
        static size_t m_copy_count;
        return m_copy_count;
    }

    static size_t& destroy_count( void )
    {
        static size_t m_destroy_count;
        return m_destroy_count;
    }

    static void init_counter( void )
    {
        counter< N >::adjust_size_count() = 0;
        counter< N >::construct_count() = 0;
        counter< N >::copy_count() = 0;
        counter< N >::destroy_count() = 0;
    }
};

template< size_t N >
class diagnostic_type : public boost::array< double , 1 > { };

typedef diagnostic_type< 0 > diagnostic_state_type;
typedef diagnostic_type< 1 > diagnostic_deriv_type;
typedef diagnostic_type< 2 > diagnostic_state_type2;
typedef diagnostic_type< 3 > diagnostic_deriv_type2;

typedef counter< 0 > counter_state;
typedef counter< 1 > counter_deriv;
typedef counter< 2 > counter_state2;
typedef counter< 3 > counter_deriv2;

namespace boost {
namespace numeric {
namespace odeint {

    template< size_t N >
    struct is_resizeable< diagnostic_type< N > >
    {
        typedef boost::true_type type;
        const static bool value = type::value;
    };

    template< size_t N , size_t M  >
    struct same_size_impl< diagnostic_type< N > , diagnostic_type< M > >
    {
        static bool same_size( const diagnostic_type< N > &x1 , const diagnostic_type< M > &x2 )
        {
            return false;
        }
    };

    template< size_t N , class State1  >
    struct same_size_impl< diagnostic_type< N > , State1 >
    {
        static bool same_size( const diagnostic_type< N > &x1 , const State1 &x2 )
        {
            return false;
        }
    };

    template< class State1 , size_t N >
    struct same_size_impl< State1 , diagnostic_type< N > >
    {
        static bool same_size( const State1 &x1 , const diagnostic_type< N > &x2 )
        {
            return false;
        }
    };

    template< size_t N , class StateIn >
    struct resize_impl< diagnostic_type< N > , StateIn >
    {
        static void resize( diagnostic_type< N > &x1 , const StateIn &x2 )
        {
            counter< N >::adjust_size_count()++;
        }
    };

    template< size_t N >
    struct state_wrapper< diagnostic_type< N > >
    {
        typedef state_wrapper< diagnostic_type< N > > state_wrapper_type;
        typedef diagnostic_type< N > state_type;
        typedef double value_type;

        state_type m_v;

        state_wrapper() : m_v()
        {
            counter< N >::construct_count()++;
        }

        state_wrapper( const state_type &v ) : m_v( v )
        {
            counter< N >::construct_count()++;
            counter< N >::copy_count()++;
        }

        state_wrapper( const state_wrapper_type &x ) : m_v( x.m_v )
        {
            counter< N >::construct_count()++;
            counter< N >::copy_count()++;
        }

        state_wrapper_type& operator=( const state_wrapper_type &x )
        {
            counter< N >::copy_count()++;
            return *this;
        }

        ~state_wrapper()
        {
            counter< N >::destroy_count()++;
        }
    };

} // namespace odeint
} // namespace numeric
} // namespace boost

#define TEST_COUNTERS( c , s1 , s2 , s3 ,s4 ) \
    BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL( c::adjust_size_count() , size_t( s1 ) ); \
    BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL( c::construct_count() , size_t( s2 ) ); \
    BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL( c::copy_count() , size_t( s3 ) ); \
    BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL( c::destroy_count() , size_t( s4 ) );

#define TEST_COUNTERS_MSG( c , s1 , s2 , s3 ,s4 , msg )              \
    BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL( c::adjust_size_count() , size_t( s1 ) ); \
    BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL( c::construct_count() , size_t( s2 ) ); \
    BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL( c::copy_count() , size_t( s3 ) ); \
    BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL( c::destroy_count() , size_t( s4 ) );

#endif // LIBS_NUMERIC_ODEINT_TEST_DIAGNOSTIC_STATE_TYPE_HPP_DEFINED

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
News & Features Fixtures Highlights Team Profiles Statistics Group Standings Match ReportsMatch Previews Infographics
Japan's Sharp close to deal to buy Toshiba's PC business: Sources
Sharp Corp is in talks to finalize a deal to buy Toshiba Corp's personal computer business for around 5 billion yen ($45.7 million), as the Japanese electronics unit of Taiwan's Foxconn seeks to re-enter the PC market, sources said.
The two companies are aiming to clinch the deal as early as this week, the sources close to the transaction said. They declined to be identified because the talks are private.
Sharp's return to the PC market, first reported by the Nikkei business daily, marks a rare move among Japanese electronics manufacturers, many of which have exited smartphones, PCs and television sets amid price competition with Asian rivals.
Sharp, which withdrew from the PC business in 2010, plans to leverage the vast purchasing network of Foxconn, the world's largest contract manufacturer and major Apple Inc supplier.
The Taiwanese company, formally known as Hon Hai Precision Industry Co Ltd, already assembles PCs for other global brands.
Toshiba's PC business reported a loss of 9.6 billion yen on sales of 167.3 billion yen in the year ended March.
The embattled Japanese conglomerate has sold its television business to China's Hisense Group and its white goods business to China's Midea Group as it scrambles for funds to cover billions of dollars in liabilities arising from its now bankrupt U.S. nuclear unit Westinghouse.
Toshiba said in a statement the company was considering various options for its PC business and was in negotiations with potential buyers. But nothing specific has been decided, it added. Sharp declined to comment.
Anti-GMO groups to call foreign witnesses in GMO court case
Electric car models to triple in Europe by 2021
'I'd swap Champions League medal for Afcon' - Mane
BHOBU-POGA Health Walk slated for July 20
Philippine President Duterte condemned for kissing overseas worker

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Pleasant Family Shopping
A nostalgic look back at chain stores and other everyday places from the past
My Trip to the French Market.
It was the happiest of coincidences. In the late summer of 2010, I spent a day in the Kansas City area visiting customers with a co-worker who was based there. Most of our meetings were on the "Kansas side" of town (as opposed to the "Missouri side"), which was largely new to me at the time. We wrapped up in the late afternoon and adjourned to a local watering hole (McDonald's) to grab a Coke and compare notes.
Leaving the restaurant, I glanced off into the distance and noticed what appeared to be, of all things, a castle on a hill – a dark, sprawling brick structure with two magnificent towers piercing the sky. "Whoa, it's the French Market!" I exclaimed, recognizing it immediately, barely able to contain my excitement. "Uh, that's Kmart, Dave", my co-worker said, or something along those lines. True enough, of course, as the building had indeed housed a Kmart since 1970, and since my friend was in his mid-thirties, he wouldn't have known it as anything else.
But once upon a time, it was indeed the French Market, a unique attempt at a discount store/supermarket with an international, old world flair. I first learned of it years ago on David Johnson's wonderful "Discount Stores of the '60's" site (which remains one of my favorites to this day), and felt I'd gotten to know it a bit from articles I read later on in old trade magazines. From all I'd read, the place was truly the talk of the town in its early years.
So after saying our goodbyes and exchanging the normal pleasantries, I hopped back into my car and proceeded to burn two five inch-wide, half inch-deep grooves into the pavement that spanned the distance between the McDonald's and that most unusual Kmart. During the (rather short) drive, visions of the French Market danced in my head. There I was, fantasizing about stepping through those doors into a pristine 1960's faux-European marketplace, abuzz with beehived and Brylcreemed shoppers. Hoping to see at least some remaining features from the French Market's glory days. And finding…pure Kmart.
I'll have to say it seemed nicer than most latter-day Kmarts. Cleaner, better stocked and more orderly - as if this location were one of the few remaining points of pride in that once-great organization. And some vestiges of the French Market were indeed still visible, the most striking (besides the still-magnificent facade, of course) being a fixed awning along the upper inside front wall, once the home of the "Boulevard de France", a collection of mini-shops, long since walled off below the awning for (presumably) office space.
In September of 1962, a 54-year old family farmstead, located at the northeast corner of 95th Street and Metcalf Avenue in the booming Kansas City suburb of Overland Park, was razed. The property had been the home of George and Agatha Barthol, who raised ten children there. Mrs. Barthol, by then widowed and living in a nearby neighborhood, made frequent visits back, according to a Kansas City Times newspaper article, to "(watch) heavy construction machinery reshape the land". "Mother is not saddened by the sight", her daughter was quoted in the article, "she's happy to be where she is."
Perhaps Mrs. Barthol shared somewhat in the excitement that was sweeping the greater community about the "all-in-one" shopping center about to rise on the site of her former home – a brand new discount department store and modern supermarket all under one roof. An exotic theme that was sure to draw attention to their growing community. And it was gonna be huge – a whopping 171,000 square feet total, with 135,000 square feet allotted to general merchandise and another 36,000 to food and drug – twice the size of the average 1963 supermarket.
The French Market was the first retail project of Kansas City-based entrepreneur Sherman Drieseszun. Drieseszun had cut his teeth in the garment business, acquiring Vic-Gene Manufacturing with his nephew and business partner Frank Morgan. (There were only four years between them.) Vic-Gene was a supplier of private-label women's garments to retailers.
In the ensuing years Drieseszun and Morgan would shift focus to developing numerous office building, mall and shopping center projects both in and outside the greater Kansas City area. Their most notable shopping center, arguably, was Metcalf South, which opened in 1967, just across 95th Street from the French Market in Overland Park. Metcalf South was the area's first enclosed mall, with Sears and The Jones Store as the original anchors. Among the other malls the pair developed and/or owned at one point were East Hills Shopping Center in St. Joseph, Missouri, Oak Park Mall in Kansas City, Crestview Hills Mall in northern Kentucky, Westminster Square Mall near Denver, and Southwyck Mall in Toledo.
In later years some controversy would arise around Drieseszun's shopping center holdings, and several newspaper articles lamented his lack of investment in older mall properties, allowing them to become dated and no longer competitive enough to attract quality retailers that would draw shoppers. Upon his passing in 2007, however, he was hailed as a visionary who helped to reshape the Kansas City skyline, developing its two tallest buildings – AT&T Town Pavilion (now known as just "Town Pavilion", and which itself incorporated a shopping mall) and One Kansas City Place.
To design the French Market, Drieseszun engaged renowned local architect Morris Schechter, who a few years earlier designed (with Raymond A. Bales) the famed TWA headquarters building in Kansas City, now rightly hailed as a mid-century masterpiece. Schechter's work was reportedly inspired by Les Halles, the famous 19th century Parisian market, evoking its "feel" while sidestepping its fairly impractical design in favor of a more standard discount store template (i.e.: a rectangular box.), with some unusual added features.
For the interior design work, Drieseszun went with the very best in the business – Brand-Worth and Associates, a Los Angeles-based retail design firm. In the 1960's, no retail design firm was hotter than Brand-Worth, who produced stunning work for a list of clients that ranged from Ralphs supermarkets to The May Company department stores. The French Market design team was led by Brand-Worth creative director Ray Jacobs, who "conducted extensive research into modern French design" for the project. They definitely rose to the occasion, producing colorful décor throughout the store - bold in some areas, delicate in others, resulting in a successful "modern French" look, all rendered with the refinement and sense of whimsy that were among the firm's trademarks.
The supermarket portion of the French Market was operated by Floyd Day and Frank Armanees, who owned and operated five Thriftway supermarkets in the KC area. "The advertising and promotions of the French Market", Progressive Grocer magazine noted, were "run independently of (Day and Armanees') other operations."
On October 10, 1963, the French Market celebrated its Grand Opening, with all the attendant hoopla hailing "the quality of a Specialty Shop with the selection and value of a giant department store, in the relaxed atmosphere of a Paris market". (I need to relax after typing that.) One can only hope that La Marseillaise, the French National Anthem, was played at the ribbon cutting. (Try listening to that without bursting into "Love, love, love…" after the first few bars. Didn't think you could.) The opening day special was spot-on: French bread, transported from France "with the cooperation of Trans World Airlines" – for 8 cents a loaf! (Personally, I prefer my bread like this - flown in daily from Europe. It's getting really expensive, though…) Apparently the festivities extended into a "2nd Great Week", as the ad below attests, with a giveaway of authentic French coins and a chance to see "the championship sports car Grand Prix."
Promotional ballyhoo aside, delightful scenes greeted the shoppers of the French Market – the "Boulevard de France", a series of small shops along a flower cart-lined "street". Seating for the children's shoes area masquerading as a trolley car. Decorative kiosks (long before the term became dreaded by mall goers) plastered with French travel posters. A hat tree and a "maypole" in the women's apparel section. European road signs in the auto accessories section (Equipement d'une Auto). And all manner of faux French finery in the food departments, including "Bon Bons" and a "Bread Truck". (Which is English for "Camion de Pain." Now, I know you're thinking "Wow, that's worth the cost of Rosetta Stone by itself - what this guy won't do to impress us!)
Unfortunately, the French Market's run turned out to be brief, closing for good in May 1970. While I haven't been able to locate much information relating to its demise, a July 6, 1970 Kansas City Times article offers some details, referencing a court judgment that was levied "for nonpayment of rent, cancellation of insurance, nonpayment of tax escrow funds and nonprevention of waste and deterioration of the premises." Yikes.
Without question, this sad end was preceded by a long period of decline. I can only imagine how difficult (and expensive) it had to have been to maintain such a level of customized branding for what was essentially a one-off operation.
Those grand towers didn't remain idle for long, however, as the same Kansas City Times article laid out the plans for the building's future - as a new location for the fastest growing (and arguably most talked about) retailer of any kind in America at the dawn of the 70's: Kmart. At the time, there were four Kmarts in the greater KC area, and that figure was about to double.
Plans were announced for a new Kmart at Bannister and Hillcrest roads, two more in locations "soon to be announced", and a fourth, the KC Times article stated, to be opened in the former French Market, resulting in "the largest K Mart in the Kansas City area", according to John B. Hollister, S.S. Kresge's vice president of real estate.
"Extensive remodeling," including "interior relighting and refixturing" would be soon underway, the article goes on to say. Presumably this meant the removal of the French Market's unique and beautiful décor, to be replaced with the normal Kmart interior. (Funkily attractive in its own way, and easily the most fondly remembered Kmart interior design today. But anything but unique, of course, given the number of Kmarts in existence.)
One aspect of the planned remodeling, thankfully, appears never to have happened. The article refers to "work on a new single front entrance in the center of the market" that was put on hold due to a construction strike. Had the strike not occurred, it seems possible that the "French" façade, towers and all, might have been ditched altogether, leaving Overland Park with nothing more than a (really big) standard-issue Kmart.
The supermarket eventually ended up in new hands as well, becoming part of a leading Kansas City-based supermarket chain, Milgram Food Stores, which was founded in 1913 and known for some nicely-designed stores and their chipper "Hi Neighbor! " slogan. The Milgram family sold the company (which had been briefly owned by Kroger earlier in its history) in 1984 to grocery wholesaler Wetterau, Inc., of St. Louis. Ultimately the "supermarket" portion of the building would become a Hancock Fabrics store.
Last October, I visited the Overland Park Kmart for what would sadly be the last time (while open, at least), as signs were up throughout the store announcing its imminent closing for good. December 15, 2013, turned out to be the last day of operation for the 43-year old Kmart. The Hancock Fabrics store closed soon afterward, relocating to a nearby shopping center. Reportedly, the building will be torn down in the near future to make way for a new Lowe's home improvement center.
Overland Park, Kansas, remains a treasure-trove for old retail enthusiasts, and if you're in the Kansas City area, I would highly recommend visiting it. (Along with KC's legendary Country Club Plaza, an absolute must-see.) There is much of interest there, including Metcalf South, a fascinating semi-dead mall (only one anchor - Sears, still exists, along with a handful of other stores). There is also the stunning circa-1958 Katz Drug Store, which has been a CVS for some time now. And for just a little while longer, a little bit of France in the heartland of America.
I can't help but wonder how a French-themed home improvement center might go over. It's not too late, folks!
If anyone reading this has some personal memories of shopping at the French Market (Original Recipe or "Extra Kmart") you'd like to share or can fill in some of the large gaps in its history, we'd love to hear from you!
The first set of black-and-white photos and the first color photo set are from Progressive Grocer – the June 1964 issue of the magazine, and from the book "Progressive Grocer's Outstanding New Super Markets". The photos in the second black-and-white set are Brand-Worth publicity shots that appeared in the March 1964 issue of Display World magazine.
A very special thanks to Brad Moore, master modeler and Overland Park historian, for providing the 1970's close-up exterior photos of the Kmart and Milgram stores, and to David Johnson, first for providing the inspiration for this post through his website, and for the use of the wide composite view Kmart photo.
The final photos, shown below, were taken by me on a sunny early morning in October 2013. Note the fine composition and lighting in the interior shot. I call this the "shooting photos while pretending to check Facebook" technique.
Posted by Dave at 8:58 PM 14 comments
Labels: 1960's, 1970's, 2010's, French Market, Kansas, Kansas City, Kmart, Milgram, Overland Park
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Pleasant Family Shopping is dedicated to preserving the history of retail chain stores of the past - with an emphasis on supermarkets and discount stores. Your comments and anecdotes or photo submissions are welcome. Many of the store photos presented here are of unidentified locations. Any help in identifying them would be greatly appreciated. Thanks for stopping in!
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Publix (14)
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safeway (18)
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text:
package host

import (
	"fmt"
	"io/ioutil"
	"strconv"
	"strings"
	"syscall"
	"time"

	"github.com/weaveworks/scope/report"
)

// Uname is swappable for mocking in tests.
var Uname = syscall.Uname

// GetKernelVersion returns the kernel version as reported by uname.
var GetKernelVersion = func() (string, error) {
	var utsname syscall.Utsname
	if err := Uname(&utsname); err != nil {
		return "unknown", err
	}
	return fmt.Sprintf("%s %s", charsToString(utsname.Release), charsToString(utsname.Version)), nil
}

// GetLoad returns the current load averages as metrics.
var GetLoad = func() report.Metrics {
	buf, err := ioutil.ReadFile("/proc/loadavg")
	if err != nil {
		return nil
	}
	now := time.Now()
	toks := strings.Fields(string(buf))
	if len(toks) < 3 {
		return nil
	}
	one, err := strconv.ParseFloat(toks[0], 64)
	if err != nil {
		return nil
	}
	five, err := strconv.ParseFloat(toks[1], 64)
	if err != nil {
		return nil
	}
	fifteen, err := strconv.ParseFloat(toks[2], 64)
	if err != nil {
		return nil
	}
	return report.Metrics{
		Load1:  report.MakeMetric().Add(now, one),
		Load5:  report.MakeMetric().Add(now, five),
		Load15: report.MakeMetric().Add(now, fifteen),
	}
}

// GetUptime returns the uptime of the host.
var GetUptime = func() (time.Duration, error) {
	buf, err := ioutil.ReadFile("/proc/uptime")
	if err != nil {
		return 0, err
	}

	fields := strings.Fields(string(buf))
	if len(fields) != 2 {
		return 0, fmt.Errorf("invalid format: %s", string(buf))
	}

	uptime, err := strconv.ParseFloat(fields[0], 64)
	if err != nil {
		return 0, err
	}

	return time.Duration(uptime) * time.Second, nil
}


text:
WWE LIVE will return to Australia with three events, including Monday, October 21 at Qudos Bank Arena in Sydney, Tuesday, October 22 at Brisbane Entertainment Centre in Brisbane and Wednesday, October 23 at Rod Laver Arena in Melbourne, presented in partnership with TEG Dainty. Tickets for WWE LIVE Australia are...
ith Sold Out shows on their last Australian & New Zealand Tour, SLF return in February to celebrate the 40th Anniversary of their seminal debut album – Inflammable Materia thanks to DRW Entertainmentand Metropolis Touring. "They still dish out those timeless classics with a fire and brimstone that makes "Alternative Ulster", "Barbed Wire Love" and...
We came to know Peter Asher via his 10 Top 40 hits with Peter & Gordon, whose #1 hit debut single A World Without Love was gifted to them by Paul McCartney. Peter & Gordon toured Australia in 1964, and scored subsequent Australian top ten hits with Lennon/McCartney's Nobody I Know and I Don't Want to...
He is the world's foremost psychic medium and author of numerous critically acclaimed New York Times best sellers. Australian fans have embraced John since his first tour. The feeling is mutual – he loves Australia and doesn't need an excuse to keep coming back. John returns to Australia in October...
Tim McGraw announces Australian headline shows Hunter Valley & MelbourneSpecial Guest Midland supported by Travis Collins TEG Live and AEG Presents today announced that superstar Tim McGraw will perform two massive headline shows at the hugely-popular weekend destination, Hope Estate in the Hunter Valley on Friday 4 October and Melbourne's Rod Laver...
Social experiment, unreal exploitation, a trashshot of suburban society, or a serious search for the partner of your dreams? Audiences are fascinated, spellbound and addicted to the manipulation and manoeuvring as couples attempt to find love in the most unlikely of places – your television screen. But not everything makes...
Hanson returned to Melbourne's iconic Palais Theatre in the beach side suburb of St Kilda. On a balmy night, the three brothers hailing from Tulsa Oklahoma – Taylor, Isaac and Zac bought their latest offering – The String theory Tour, this time with an Orchestra. Having not toured Australia in...
Culture Club front-man & POP icon Boy George is one of the most recognised and in demand House Music DJs of all time. DJing in more than 70 countries around the world, Boy George has headlined super-brands such as: Godskitchen, Cream and Manumission. Alongside Radio 1 veteran Pete Tong, Boy George...
The world of professional wrestling boast's many talents from all around the world, the Uk, Australia India and Ireland to name a few. One standout who sets the bar would be Sheamus. With his Mohawk style and natural red hair, he certainly stands out from the crowd. Hailing from Dublin Ireland...
The world of professional wrestling is not only about the physical challenge of beating your opponent, but also one of storylines. The audience becomes engaged in the built up to the match created by the writers. There have been some unusual characters/wrestlers that have graced our live events and screens...


text:
U.S., Canada Roll Into Semifinals Of Ice Hockey World Championship
Islanders Forwards Nelson And Lee Playing A Big Role In Americans' Surge May 14, 2015 at 2:46 pm
Filed Under:Anders Lee, Brock Nelson, Ice Hockey World Championship, Sidney Crosby, Team Canada, Team USA
Ben Smith, left, of USA celebrates his goal with teammate Mark Arcobello during the IIHF World Championship quarterfinal match against Switzerland at CEZ Arena on May 14, 2015 in Ostrava, Czech Republic. (Photo by Matej Divizna/Getty Images)Ben Smith, left, of USA celebrates his goal with teammate Mark Arcobello during the IIHF World Championship quarterfinal match against Switzerland at CEZ Arena on May 14, 2015 in Ostrava, Czech Republic. (Photo by Matej Divizna/Getty Images)
PRAGUE (CBSNewYork/AP) — Forward Tyler Seguin scored a hat trick as Canada cruised past Belarus 9-0 in the quarterfinals of the ice hockey world championship on Thursday.
In Ostrava, Ben Smith and Charlie Coyle scored 57 seconds apart as the United States rallied for a 3-1 victory over Switzerland, and awaited either defending champion Russia or Sweden.
Canada finally ended a sequence of losing in the quarterfinals at five consecutive worlds.
With his three, Seguin joined Sweden's Filip Forsberg at the top of the worlds scoring chart with eight goals.
"We won by the margin because we kept playing our game," Seguin said. "We're looking forward to the semifinal match."
On Saturday, Canada will play either Finland or the Czech Republic, who met in the other quarterfinal late Thursday.
Ryan O'Reilly and Brent Burns scored two goals apiece and added an assist, and Tyler Ennis and Jason Spezza had a goal each, as Canada hunts its 25th title. It last won in 2007, and has been waiting for a medal since winning silver in 2009.
This star-studded team led by Sidney Crosby has dominated, winning all seven group games, and scoring 49 goals before the nine on Thursday.
"It's nice to put ourselves in a position to get to the finals," Crosby said. "The important thing is to get better every game and at this point you've got to be at your best. It's win or go home, so we did a good job today."
Goaltender Mike Smith stopped 24 shots for his second shutout at the tournament.
"It was just a bonus," Smith said. "The way they play in front of me is the most important."
Smith tied the game for the Americans with a wrist shot 10:17 into the second period, and Coyle deflected in a slap shot by defensemen Seth Jones for the go-ahead goal.
"It was a big minute and a big boost for all the team," forward Trevor Lewis said.
Islanders forward Anders Lee had a pair of assists for the Americans.
Coyle also had an assist to go with his second goal in three games, since he joined the U.S. after his Minnesota Wild were eliminated in the NHL playoffs.
"It's always nice to help out with the scoring but it was a great zone tie-up by some of our linemates to create those chances and open it up," Coyle said.
Defenseman Jake Gardiner scored the third with a wrist shot midway through the final period as the U.S. set up a semifinal against.
Defenseman Roman Josi gave Switzerland the lead 13:04 into the game when he collected the puck behind the blue line, carved through the U.S. defense, and hit high past goaltender Connor Hellebuyck.
The U.S., which won its group with six victories and one loss, advanced to the semis for the second time in three years. It won the bronze in 2013.
The Islanders' Brock Nelson leads the U.S. In scoring, with six goals and nine points in eight games.
(TM and © Copyright 2015 CBS Radio Inc. and its relevant subsidiaries. CBS RADIO and EYE Logo TM and Copyright 2015 CBS Broadcasting Inc. Used under license. All Rights Reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed. The Associated Press contributed to this report.)


Affordable 10.14 acre lot, consisting of approximately 1 acre of open meadow and 9 acres of wooded land. There is a nice brook running along the back boundary, wildlife galore and the neighboring lots are all 10+ acres. This would make for a great recreational property or an ideal building lot for a camp. There is an electric pole on this property already. Income potential to harvest the marketable timber (mainly softwood), as the seller has owned the property for 30+ years now and has not cut any trees. Situated on a well maintained town road, in a quiet country setting and offering views of Jay Peak & the Green Mountain range. Conveniently located just a short distance to Newport City and Jay Peak Ski Resort. Priced to sell, well below the town assessment of $28,200.


text:
Navigating COVID-19 Tips for finding them Take our news quiz 📝 Difficulty not drinking
Hurricane Matthew: What we know now
Where is Hurricane Matthew now?
The hurricane is over Haiti on Tuesday. The region's strongest storm in almost a decade made landfall on Haiti's Tiburon Peninsula as a Category 4 hurricane with sustained winds of 145 mph. Heavy rain was falling across the country.
At 2 p.m. ET Tuesday the storm was 65 miles east-southeast of Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, and was moving north at about 10 mph.
Let's take a minute and talk about Haiti
This storm has the potential to devastate this Caribbean nation's towns and villages. Haiti, the poorest country in the Western Hemisphere, is already struggling to regain its footing almost seven years after an earthquake and ensuing cholera epidemic ravaged the nation. It is particularly vulnerable to vicious weather storms because it is one of the most deforested countries in the world: Less than 2% of the land still has trees. The country also has relatively steep terrain as well, making it prone to landslides.
Are people dying?
The storm has killed at least seven people across the Caribbean region, the Associated Press reported.
Here's where the hurricane will be next
A hurricane warning remains in effect for all of Jamaica, all of Haiti and portions of Cuba and the Bahamas. The U.S. coast could become a target later in the week.
Really, what does this storm mean for the U.S.?
The National Hurricane Center in Miami has issued a hurricane watch – which means hurricane conditions could develop within 48 hours – for Florida's Atlantic coast from Deerfield Beach to the Volusia/Brevard county line. A tropical storm watch is in effect from the Seven Mile Bridge in the Florida Keys northward to south of Deerfield Beach, including Lake Okeechobee. The latest forecast shows the center of the storm spinning to the east of Florida on Thursday and Friday before curving into the Carolinas on Saturday.
How prepared is the U.S.?
Anticipating Matthew's arrival, Florida issued a state of emergency. North Carolina Gov. Pat McCrory declared a state of emergency for central and eastern parts of the state. What does this mean? In very general terms, it means state lawmakers have the ability to access federal funding to help prepare for and respond to an emergency.
South Carolina Gov. Nikki Haley ordered evacuations of some coastal communities. The numbers had not been determined, but state emergency management officials said the total could exceed 1 million.


Utah has quickly become one of our favorite states in the U.S. We've visited four times in the last couple of years, and each visit leaves us wanting more. The landscapes are diverse and the opportunities for outdoor adventures are outstanding. Our most recent visit to Utah was to the St. George region for the Instameet St. George hosted by Travel Mindset, and we set out to explore some of the great winter adventures the area has to offer. This trip was completely different from our past winter adventures in Utah, which included skiing, snowmobiling, snow tubing, and the like. This time around, we had a weekend full of beautiful hikes and gorgeous weather.
Johnson Canyon Trail is a short hike (approximately 1.8 miles roundtrip), but it definitely packs a punch. It is located at the entrance to Snow Canyon State Park and is a relatively easy hike with only minor elevation changes. Along the trail we found beautiful red rock walls and formations, black lava flows, and plenty of greenery and shrubs.
Once you reach the last section of the trail, you turn a corner and the view opens up to towering red rock walls that surround you on three sides. This is where you will find the Johnson Canyon Arch high up near the top of the rock walls. You can continue your hike until you reach the back of the canyon and looking out from this point will give you a wonderful view, especially if the sun is starting to set.
One thing to note about this trail is that it is only open during the winter months, so it's just one of the many advantages of visiting Utah in the winter. The trail typically opens the end of October and closes mid-March.
We were incredibly surprised by Snow Canyon State Park. Snow Canyon seems to get overshadowed by the "Mighty 5" National Parks nearby, but it's definitely a spot that you shouldn't miss. The Petrified Dunes is another fantastic (and short!) trail at Snow Canyon State Park. The trail is only 1.2-miles roundtrip, but I honestly don't' even know if we followed the trail. When you are on the dunes, you can pretty much walk anywhere choose, which is exactly what we did.
We arrived just before sunset, and we were fascinated by the formations that unfolded in front of our eyes. The terrain here is essentially made up of what used to be mountains of sand. Now you find hardened rock formations with intricate patterns that swirl their way off into the distance. It was mesmerizing.
We didn't stay at the Petrified Dunes long since it was getting dark and we weren't prepared with the proper gear and flashlights, but even a short visit to the dunes is well worth your time. Just like Johnson Canyon, there is a lot to see in a relatively small area. Micah and I didn't want to leave the Petrified Dunes, but thankfully a nearby campfire with s'mores was calling our names. The main campground at Snow Canyon State Park is not too far from the Petrified Dunes and camping in this park would be a blast sometime in the future. We weren't camping on this trip though, so instead our group had a bonfire at one of the day use sites—definitely a wonderful way to end a day out on the trails.
We have been wanting to hike The Narrows at Zion National Park for years. So, we were extremely excited that we finally had a chance to get back to Utah and give it a go. The Narrows is located in the narrowest part of Zion Canyon. Since it was winter during our hike, we rented dry suites from Zion Adventure Co. to keep us nice and toasty throughout our hike. You might be wondering why we needed dry suits for a hike, and that would be understandable. To hike The Narrows, you actually need to wade through the river, as the Virgin River is the trail! The water can be ankle deep or even higher than your waist depending on the time of year, the water level of the river and where you decide to walk. And talking about the level of the water, be sure to keep an eye on the weather conditions and alerts before setting off on this hike as flash floods in the canyon can be extremely dangerous.
There are a couple of ways to experience this trail—you can hike from the bottom up or top down. Hiking the trail top down requires a permit and will take you sixteen miles downstream all the way through the canyon. This means you start on one side and end on the other; it can take one to two days to finish the hike. The other option, to hike bottom up, means that you will enter and exit the canyon from the same point at the bottom of the river. You can hike as far back as Big Spring without a permit. If you want to complete the entire hike, it is strenuous and 10-miles roundtrip, but you can also just hike in as far as you feel up to and turn around whenever you'd like.
We went the bottom up route and hiked several miles into the canyon. Micah and I made partway into the Wall Street section of the canyon before turning around. We would have loved to keep going, but we spent too much time taking photos and we started getting hungry. Which reminds me, if you do this hike and plan to be out there all day, don't forget to bring plenty of snacks! Hiking through the river water is exhausting!
The views throughout the canyon are absolutely spectacular—towering rock walls and a rushing river create some pretty fantastic views. And, since we hiked the trail in the winter, we encountered very few other hikers. The trail can get quite busy in the summer, so even though the water and air are colder in the winter, we feel it's definitely a better time to hike it.
One of the last hikes during our trip was to Elephant Arch at Red Cliffs Desert Reserve. After all of the other amazing trails we experienced throughout the weekend, we certainly weren't expecting much here. Thankfully though, we were pleasantly surprised once again. To reach the trailhead, you have to drive down a bumpy dirt road—at first, we thought we had the wrong directions, but once we saw several parked cars, we knew we were in the right place.
The trail to Elephant Arch is 3.8 miles roundtrip, and the first part of the trail consists of walking along a dirt road and flat sandy path. Once again, we were treated with views of pretty red rock formations along the trail.
About halfway into the hike, the trail turned from flat into some small ups and downs over rocky outcrops. We scrambled our way along the path and eventually wound up standing at the base of Elephant Arch. Looking up at the arch, you can see how it really does resemble an elephant! At this point, you can choose to admire the formation from afar, or you can climb up and around to get right up next to, and even on top of the arch! We couldn't resist climbing all the way to the arch, and the views from the top were even better than they were from below. If you decide to go all the way up to the arch, too, just be careful because the rocks aren't always sturdy and the sand can make them slippery!
We actually hiked the Angels Landing trail in the summer, but it is another fantastic hike in Zion National Park so we couldn't resist mentioning it again. Angels Landing is an intense (and terrifying!) hike that consists of switchbacks, steep drop offs, and 1,500 feet of elevation gain in just 2.6 miles.
The first 2.1 miles of the hike consists of several sections of dizzying switchbacks, but the real challenge is the last 0.5 mile of the trail. The last half mile is definitely not for the faint of heart—you will be walking along narrow trails with hair-raising drop-offs (on both sides!) to the canyon floor around 2,000 feet below. The only thing you have to hold onto is fixed chain railings that sporadically line the path. It's intense to say the least, but well worth the effort if you can manage any fear of heights that you may have. The views from the top are incredible and the rush you get from the trail make it one of our favorite hikes of all time!
While Angels Landing is open year-round, and we know several people who have hiked it in the winter, do be aware that there is a chance that there could be snow and ice on the trail. So be sure to use extra caution and learn the conditions of the trail before you set out. Other than that, it is a fantastic trail any time of year, especially in the winter when the temperatures are more moderate!
Have you ever been to Utah in the winter? What are your favorite winter hikes?
Johnson Canyon Trail looks wonderful to visit. Did you see any snakes while hiking?
Yeah it was a really neat trail! We really enjoyed the Johnson Canyon Trail. We didn't see any snakes while we were hiking thankfully, but it would probably be a good idea to keep an eye out!
That part of the country is at least, AWESOME !!!! if not absolutely gorgeous, I loved watching and was amazed by Mountain goats that would climb vertical cliffs with no effort at all. Your photo's are beautiful and do justice to the beautiful sites of Zion and the St George area.
Thanks so much, Hal! Really appreciate it and totally agree–it's such an amazing part of the country! Will have to look out for the mountain goats next time. It's so amazing to see what they can do on those rocks, lol!
Can't wait to take a trip there and thike them all! 😉 Thanks for the tips!
I am really impressed by reading this article. Interesting post.. Thanks for sharing this blog.


text:
https://www.wsj.com/articles/not-trump-is-not-enough-to-govern-11603927057
'Not Trump' Is Not Enough to Govern
Biden calls for unity but is vague as to what he expects voters to unify for.
By Karl Rove
Wonder Land: Joe Biden is Bernie Sanders in sheep's clothing. Compared to the Democrats' grim vision of America, President Trump is the optimist. Images: AFP/Getty Images Composite: Mark Kelly
Joe Biden offered his closing argument on Tuesday with a speech at Warm Springs, Ga., the site of President Franklin Roosevelt's death on April 12, 1945. Biden campaign staff told reporters the Democratic nominee had devoted a lot of time to his remarks, and the 20-minute address showed signs of careful preparation. It was often measured in tone, sometimes elegant and—when Mr. Biden wasn't taking a two-by-four to President Trump's head—largely aspirational.
It was also written to give the candidate the chance to showcase his empathy and again quote his father's observations on life and adversity. "A job's about a lot more than a paycheck," Joseph Biden Sr. told his son. Somehow, nearly 70 years later, these recollections all come out pitch-perfect for the campaign trail. In any event, voters will want to know how Mr. Biden plans to stimulate the creation of those jobs. Does he have a plan?
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(i.e. methodologies including participatory, feminist, decolonising etc).
She will also cover the relationship between creative research and ethics. The workshop will give you a good understanding of how creative approaches can enhance all stages of the research process.
This event is heavily subsidised by the BPS West Midlands Branch.
The Branch do offer bursaries to attend BPS events, if you need financial assistance to attend this event more information about our bursaries can be found on the BPS Website. To apply you need to reside in the West Midlands.
To keep up to date on branch events follow us on Twitter @BPSWestMids or visit the West Midlands Branch Events webpage.
Please note this is a provisional timetable which is subject to change.


text:
Q: External connection to Mongodb cluster in kubernetes I've used mongo k8s sidecar to provision a 3 member replica set mongo cluster on kubernetes. I need to expose mongodb service externally and hence created a LoadBalancer.
This is how the service looks like
LoadBalancer Ingress:     xxx.yyy.elb.amazonaws.com
Port:                     <unset>  27017/TCP
TargetPort:               27017/TCP
NodePort:                 <unset>  30994/TCP
Endpoints:            100.14.1.3:27017,100.14.1.4:27017,100.14.2.5:27017

Trying to connect using mongodb shell 3.6 works fine
mongo --host xxx.yyy.elb.amazonaws.com
But in the java client code I see the following exception.
java.net.UnknownHostException: mongo-1.mongo.dev.svc.cluster.local
I can confirm that the mongo pods are up and running. I am able to connect to mongo from other pods within the cluster - just not able to reach it externally.
Few things I don't understand is whats exactly happening in the java client.
The java client (which uses spring-data-mongo for configuration) is being created as follows.
MongoClient mongoClient = new MongoClient( "xxx.yyy.elb.amazonaws.com" , 27017 );
The fullstack trace is as follows
Caused by: com.mongodb.MongoTimeoutException: Timed out after 30000 ms while waiting for a server that matches com.mongodb.client.internal.MongoClientDelegate$1@161f6623. Client view of cluster state is {type=REPLICA_SET, servers=[{address=mongo-2.mongo.dev.svc.cluster.local:27017, type=UNKNOWN, state=CONNECTING, exception={com.mongodb.MongoSocketException: mongo-2.mongo.dev.svc.cluster.local}, caused by {java.net.UnknownHostException: mongo-2.mongo.dev.svc.cluster.local}}, {address=mongo-0.mongo.dev.svc.cluster.local:27017, type=UNKNOWN, state=CONNECTING, exception={com.mongodb.MongoSocketException: mongo-0.mongo.dev.svc.cluster.local}, caused by {java.net.UnknownHostException: mongo-0.mongo.dev.svc.cluster.local}}, {address=mongo-1.mongo.dev.svc.cluster.local:27017, type=UNKNOWN, state=CONNECTING, exception={com.mongodb.MongoSocketException: mongo-1.mongo.dev.svc.cluster.local}, caused by {java.net.UnknownHostException: mongo-1.mongo.dev.svc.cluster.local}}]
    at com.mongodb.internal.connection.BaseCluster.createTimeoutException(BaseCluster.java:401)
    at com.mongodb.internal.connection.BaseCluster.selectServer(BaseCluster.java:120)
Why is the mongoClient using the pod name , even though I've passed the loadbalancer address? How do I fix this?
Thanks in advance

A: You are getting an error for mongo-1.mongo.dev.svc.cluster.local and that's the internal endpoint within the cluster. In other words, that's how you would get to your Mongo instance from other pods in the cluster.
On the Java client, you need to use xxx.yyy.elb.amazonaws.com:27017 as the Mongo endpoint configuration.
Something like this:
MongoClient mongoClient = new MongoClient( "xxx.yyy.elb.amazonaws.com" , 27017 );

To give you an overview of the path, your Mongo instance is exposed through a LoadBalancer Kubernetes Service on port 27017.
Then the traffic comes into the load balancer and from there gets forwarded to your endpoints 100.14.1.3:27017, etc.
Then from there, they enter the Node on the NodePort 30994 on each node.
Then the nodes that have a pod running reply with an answer.
The Mongo process in the container itself runs on port 27017 so the moment the traffic gets to the node on port 30994 the container runtime forwards the traffic to your application in the container to 27017.

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