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Home » Publications » [all items] » The Americas and US » news » Export Development Canada » Corruption
Bombardier cooperating with SFO corruption investigation
(Compliance Week, Boston, 6 November 2020) The U.K. Serious Fraud Office (SFO) on Thursday confirmed it is investigating plane maker Bombardier over suspected bribery and corruption in relation to contracts and orders from Indonesian airline carrier Garuda Indonesia. According to the...
Country: Canada, Indonesia, United Kingdom ECAs: Export Development Canada Issue: Corruption
EDC review of Bombardier bribery compliance policies nears completion
(Compliance Week, Boston, 18 February 2020) Export Development Canada (EDC) announced it has completed its independent review of Bombardier's compliance policies and procedures, concluding there is progress in its ethics and compliance program. EDC initiated the review of Bombardier in 2019...
Country: Canada, United Kingdom ECAs: Export Development Canada Issue: Corruption
UK judge rules EDC can proceed with sale of Gupta jet
(Corporate Jet Investor, London, 21 November 2019) A judge in the UK courts has ruled that the sale of Global 6000 ZS-OAK can now go ahead, after Export Development Canada (EDC) settled its litigation with Westdawn Investments. Westdawn Investments is a South African company that is owned by...
Country: Canada, South Africa, United Kingdom ECAs: Export Development Canada Issue: Aircraft, Corruption
Export Development Canada: Out from the shadows
(Above Ground, Ottawa 29 August 2019) For decades, Export Development Canada (EDC) has been subject to minimal public scrutiny, with media and Parliament rarely asking questions about the social and environmental costs of the business it supports. But recently, with some of the agency's highest...
Country: Canada ECAs: Export Development Canada Issue: Climate Change, Corruption, Human Rights, Transparency Member: Above Ground
EDC claims review clears them of SNC-Lavelin transaction wrongdoing
(iPolitics, Ottawa 25 July 2019) Canada's export credit agency says a third-party investigation has cleared the organization of any wrongdoing in providing a political risk insurance policy to SNC-Lavalin in 2011 for a dam project in Angola. EDC said Thursday a review by international law firm...
Country: Canada ECAs: Export Development Canada Issue: Corruption
Federal review of EDC finds inadequate disclosure practices
(Globe and Mail, Toronto, 2 July 2019) A federal review of Export Development Canada has exposed serious shortcomings at the Crown corporation, noting its disclosure practices fall far short of other financial institutions, and that the agency is not legally obligated to consider the...
Country: Canada ECAs: Export Development Canada Issue: Corruption, Transparency Member: Above Ground
See no evil: How EDC is bankrolling companies accused of bid-rigging, graft and human-rights violation
(Globe and Mail, Toronto, 4 June 2019) Export Development Canada once described itself as the country's 'secret trade weapon.' But The Globe's review of thousands of transactions reveals a pattern of secrecy and lax supervision. In Latin America, billions of dollars in Canadian government-...
Country: Brazil, Canada, Mexico, South Africa ECAs: Export Development Canada Issue: Corruption
Liberals caught again in SNC Lavalin EDC Scandal
(Yorkton This Week, Yorkton SK, 15 May 2019) Export Development Canada (EDC), Canada's export credit agency, was created in 1944 to promote Canadian business overseas. It has 12 offices across Canada and 19 regional offices around the world. According to CBC reports SNC Lavelin have borrowed...
Country: Canada, Mexico ECAs: Export Development Canada Issue: Corruption
SNC-Lavalin insider's bribery allegations spark EDC probe
(CBC, Toronto, 3 April 2019) Export Development Canada has hired outside legal counsel to review some of its dealings with SNC-Lavalin. The review comes after a company insider told CBC News the engineering giant secured billions in loans from the Crown agency over the years, some of which he...
Country: Canada, Switzerland ECAs: Export Development Canada Issue: Corruption
Canadian officials tried to warn EDC of 'significant reputational risk' in South African deal with Gupta brothers
(Globe & Mail, Toronto, 26 March 2019) Senior federal officials sought to warn Canada's export agency that it had suffered "significant" risk to its reputation because of its US$41-million loan to the controversial Gupta brothers who were at the heart of a South African corruption scandal,...
Country: Canada, South Africa ECAs: Export Development Canada Issue: Aircraft, Corruption
SNC-Lavalin case brings public scrutiny to hundreds of millions in EDC loans
(Above Ground, Ottawa, 22 February 2019) Following reports that engineering giant SNC-Lavalin lobbied federal officials intensively in the lead-up to its criminal prosecution on corruption charges, public attention has been brought to the hundreds of millions in government loans the company has...
Country: Canada ECAs: Export Development Canada Issue: Corruption Member: Above Ground
Bringing Accountability and Transparency to Export Development Canada's Practice
(Above Ground, Ottawa, 12 November 2018) Canada's Export Development Act is under review. In our submission (pdf) to the government...
Country: Canada ECAs: Export Development Canada Issue: Climate Change, Corruption, Human Rights, Transparency Member: Above Ground, Bank Track, Both ENDS, Friends of the Earth USA
Auditor general finds 'deficiencies' at Export Development Canada
(National Observer, Ottawa, 30 April 20188)Canada's federal auditor general says there are "significant deficiencies" at Export Development Canada when it comes to risk management.The Office of the Auditor General of Canada...
Bombardier-Gupta affair provokes timely public debate on accountability of EDC
http://aboveground.ngo/bombardier-gupta-accountability-edc/
(Above Ground, Ottawa, 26 March 20188) Ongoing media coverage regarding the sale of a Bombardier jet to the Gupta family in...
Country: Canada, South Africa ECAs: Export Development Canada Issue: Aircraft, BRIC countries, Corruption, Transparency
South Africa's Guptas hid Bombardier jet, EDC says in court repossession efforts
(Globe and Mail, Toronto, 19 February 2018) Canada's export credit agency is worried that a Canadian EDC financed Bombardier luxury jet could become the escape vehicle for the controversial Gupta brothers as they flee a corruption prosecution in South Africa, according to court papers filed by...
Country: Canada, South Africa ECAs: Export Development Canada Issue: Aircraft, Corruption, Debt


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Looking again at Robert Frank's The Americans
"The Americans," Robert Frank, sixth printing, 1997
When bloggers refer to Robert Frank, they usually mean his still pictures from around the time of The Americans, one of the most important photo books of the last century. Given the ubiquity of Frank's influence, it's a shock to remember that it was first published nearly 50 years ago.
I first saw The Americans when it was republished in 1969. I wasn't a photographer yet, but its pictures were a revelation to me. They were dark & ferocious. They broke all the rules. There was a sense of the consuming strangeness of being an outsider looking into scenes whose participants saw nothing at all strange. I had never felt this kind of excitement -- mixed with discomfort & even fear -- in photographs before. I wondered what made them so different. They were completely unlike the pictures I had previously admired, which were perfectly composed & intended to mean only one thing. In those pictures the photographers had seemed to be in complete control. But Frank had let go of that. He had volunteered for the vulnerability of being a stranger. As a triple outsider (Swiss, a Jew, a New Yorker in the outlands), Frank had allowed the world to wash over fresh eyes and mean what it means, not what he -- or we or anyone -- decided it should mean.
Surprise, it didn't mean only one thing anymore. Welcome to the sixties.
"Gallup, New Mexico," Robert Frank, All rights reserved
I have always carried in my head one picture from The Americans of a bar in Gallup, New Mexico. Tilted, blurry, glimpsed between indistinct silhouettes, dominated by a glaring overhead bulb, it shows rough men in jeans & cowboy hats standing at a bar. It's a spy shot really, taken warily, possibly a hip shot. The awkward angle & unheard-of tilt emphasize the photographer's urgency. The picture has a drunken, transgressive quality.The ugly room & grainy print let us know we're in the lower depths. Yet the composition recalls a high-noon showdown, a classic & ultimately noble shootout between a good cowboy & a bad cowboy. Except the man facing the camera is an Indian.
Here's a true story: In 1970 I passed through Gallup on my way to the West Coast. A major Native American pow-wow was underway -- dances, a rodeo, trading, sports & socializing. Indians from many tribes were there, along with a few white tourists from a nearby RV camp. At night the main street, which was one long lineup of bars as I remember it, was full of Indian men. The tourists were nowhere to be seen. The Indians were drinking hard. Outside the bars, cops waited in parked cars -- a surprising variety of cruisers & uniforms -- I supposed they were tribal police in addition to local, county & state. I drank a couple of beers in the bars, but I was acutely self-conscious. The drunkeness was frightening. In the hour or so I was there I saw two fights break out. I retreated to my car & campsite.
Notice on Yancey Richardson Gallery website, 7/2007
To my mind The Americans is a work of contrarian genius. But the contrariness doesn't end there. After he made the book, Frank turned primarily to making movies. When the book finally began to receive critical acclaim in the U.S., he left New York City & moved to a gloomy exile in rural Nova Scotia. To many at the time, his actions seemed inexplicable if not self-destructive. But, unlike his contemporary, J.D. Salinger, who became a recluse in New Hampshire after his novel Catcher in the Rye became a national sensation, Frank continued to turn out work, both movies and stills. Like another contemporary, Bob Dylan, Frank had no intention of repeating what his fans wanted for the rest of his life.
"Andrea, Mabou, 1977 (with ship), " Robert Frank, All rights reserved
Frank's later photographs are very different from those in The Americans. Still black and white, with a taste for underexposure, using large format, polaroids, cinema film, employing narrative, scratched negatives, scrawled & typed words, populated with signposts, land & sea scapes, wild skies and very few people, these pictures seem composed in a dark runic language. The ones I have seen are beautiful, but I don't understand the language. I don't have the key.
My guess is that meaning is no longer the point. The Americans went a long way toward shattering complacent ideas about public meaning. The more recent works seem to say the only meaning is personal -- & even that may be impossible.
Posted by Tim Connor at 9:05 PM
my idol!
i love that book with all my heart. if i ever feel bad about phototgraphy, i open it up and feel renewed.
Christine (CA) said...
Fascinating images and commentary.
The Robert Frank exhibit at the Tate a couple of years ago was absoluetly FULL of young people. I was as intrigued by that fact more than anything.
I'm not sure I agree with the opinion that Nova Scotia was a gloomy retreat for him. I love that part of the maritimes, and I believe his neighbor in the summers at least is Richard Serra.
Cheers from Nancy
Tim Connor said...
Nancy, Thanks for that correction. I try not to make assumptions but I always do. Tim
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Visual culture, generously defined
"Seeing is an act of creation...the camera can be an extension of genius in the hands of any one of us."
Caged pine
Permit? To make a video?
Get up, stand up...
Pulling our daisy: Robert Frank film festival
Latest Almanac Magazine is online
Che for sale
True or hoax?
Teens to Bush: "We do not want America to represen...
Swimsuit dancer, Mermaid Parade

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Paint and Materials Sales Tax: a Case for the Status Quo
A case against making paint and materials tax-free for Minnesota body shops.
By Paul Bignall
For the third consecutive year, the Alliance of Automotive Service Providers – Minnesota (AASP-MN) is pushing to have paint and materials taxed at the retail level instead of wholesale. Their position is simply one of financials. By changing the law (or, as they would argue, the interpretation of the law), shops would purchase paint and materials tax free and then charge sales tax to their customers for those supplies. This would remove the cost of sales tax from the shop owner and place it on the customer. The net effect is that the shop's cost goes down, thus profit goes up.
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Let me start my case against the idea right there. Shop profit goes up. That's great…however, if someone wins, someone loses. Who loses? We all do. How? The Department of Revenue predicts that if this change happens, it will generate an additional $2.4 million in tax revenue for fiscal year 2012. At my shop, our work is generally 20 percent customer pay work and 80 percent insurance pay. Using that split, insurance companies would be paying 80 percent of the $2.4 million, or approximately $1.9 million. I contend that if insurers' losses (the amount they pay out in claims) goes up by $1.9 million, their revenue (the amount they collect in premiums) will go up by the same amount or more. If premiums go up, we all pay more for auto insurance.
Let's detour for a moment into the world of big business, specifically big insurance business. Joanne LaMettry, director of AASP-MN's collision division, says:
"…there has been no testimony against the proposal – including from the insurance industry – with which we have had many discussions about this matter. They have not raised objections and have not made any reference to raising premiums if this measure were to pass."
I assume from her statement that she takes the silence of insurers as their acceptance of this proposal (similar to the silence of collision repairers as acceptance of it). I view silence as the insurance industry's only option. For insurers to come out in favor of this change is simply pulling money out of their own pockets. To come out against it is political fodder for big business not wanting to pay its fair share in taxes. They stand to gain nothing by commenting on this issue. Furthermore, to think premiums wouldn't rise is putting your head in the sand. Applying the same 80/20 customer-pay/insurer pay split mentioned before to the revenue department's projections through fiscal year 2015, insurers would pay out $9.3 million. How could they do that and not raise premiums?
That leads to my next argument against the proposal: accountability. Maybe I'm naïve, but if you bring an issue to the state legislature seeking a change in taxation, you had better be able to show a need for it or how it's in the best interest of the state. This proposal has neither. When I asked LaMettry why the association was advocating this change, her response was:
"The simple answer to your question is that this change would add dollars to each and every shop's bottom line."
That's the reason eight different legislators signed on to author this file? I find it difficult to believe that was sales pitch that received bi-partisan support in both the state House and Senate. No, it was not.
The argument the AASP-MN made is that the sales tax paid by shops on these materials is a hardship, and current estimating software doesn't provide an opportunity for recovery of the sales tax paid. Therefore, it's a business expense that cannot be recovered by the shop. I counter with the fact that there are many costs associated with owning and running a business; accordingly, you have to price your goods and services to cover those costs. Just because you choose to turn a blind eye to "Business 101" doesn't make a case for legislative action.
Measuring Materials
The companion argument to that is that there is no way to accurately measure the amount (physically or financially) of materials used in the course of the repair. Most of the paint and materials are consumed in the course of the repair; therefore, those items should not be taxed at the retail level.
AASP-MN made the case to the Department of Revenue that our current formula-based calculation (dollar amount per hour X number of paint hours = retail cost of paint and materials) is an appropriate basis to calculate sales tax because a significant majority of the value of the paint and materials is physically transferred to the repaired vehicle. In simpler terms, if this change were to take place, the customer would pay sales tax on the paint applied to their car as well as the sandpaper, tape, masking paper and paint overspray that goes in the trash.
The net effect of this would be moving the point of imposition of the sales tax from where it could be accurately measured (shop buys a gallon of paint pays tax on a gallon of paint; shops buys 100 sheets of sandpaper, pays tax on 100 sheets of sandpaper) to where it can't be measured. Two repairs may require two hours of paint time, but may use vastly different amounts of materials and supplies. This change will move the taxation of these supplies from an auditable place to one where it will be impossible to track.
This does not make the current legislation any more accurate; nor does it serve the best interest of the state.
If you're a shop owner in Minnesota, I encourage you to call or e-mail your state legislator and help them understand the impact of House File 359 and Senate File 367 if they become law. Whether you're a member of the AASP-MN or not, they're representing your industry, and this change impacts your business.
Paul Bignall is COO of Dale's Auto Body, Inc., in Grand Rapids, Minn. He can be reached at (218) 328-5734 or [email protected].
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BodyShop Business 2022 Executives of the Year
This year's Single-Shop award winner is Michael Bradshaw of K & M Collision in Hickory, N.C., and the Multi-Shop winner is Matt Ebert of Crash Champions.
For the 38th consecutive year, BodyShop Business has recognized distinguished collision repair facility owners and managers with its Executive of the Year award.
The awards are given to true collision repair "visionaries": individuals who have experienced great success by being forward-thinking, overcoming challenges and persevering. Winners are selected based on experience, special achievements and involvement within the local community and collision repair industry.
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The goal is not to declare war against insurers; it is to declare independence for your organization so that you're able to provide the highest level of service to your true customers.
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We can avoid a fate similar to Quint's in the movie Jaws if we embrace ADAS, technology and training.
By Jason Stahl December 8, 2022
Welder Woman: Forging a Trail with Fire
Jaime Shewbridge is the first woman to have won the 2020 I-CAR Instructor of the Year award and the 2021 Welding Instructor of the Year award — and she's not done yet.
By Meagan Kusek November 30, 2022
It's Time to Talk About Money with Young Body Techs
It's time that we as leaders start to educate our young technicians on how to manage, grow and save money.
By Rachel James November 28, 2022
Boosting the Value of Your Business
If you have more than five years before you plan to exit your business, there are many things you can do to increase its value and decrease your asset gap.
By Matthew Di Francesco November 17, 2022
Running a Family Collision Business: Stay in Your Lane
In a family business, it's important to divide the duties and respect each other's lanes.
By Sheila Samuel-Lefor November 8, 2022
Need the 411: What Should Consumers Do After a Vehicle Crash?
What do you do when consumers need info after experiencing a vehicle crash?
By Barrett Smith November 3, 2022
DRPs: A Broken Model?
How can insurers and repairers work together to streamline the claims process and earn a fair profit?
By Lee Amaradio October 27, 2022


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Q: How to rewrite domain in nginx ingress? I'm trying to configure ingress rewrite rule for my domain as follows
https://example.com/?page=emailVerify&token=fhgfgfkhfkfkhfhjfhfhj&lang=en_US
to:
https://example.com/my_api/?page=emailVerify&token=fhgfgfkhfkfkhfhjfhfhj&lang=en_US
I tried with annotation but it replacing the etire query string
nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/app-root: /my_api/$1

A: You can use permanent rewrites. Take a look: nginx-rewrite-rules-to-re-write-every-match-of-a-certain-regex-except.
You can also use annotation nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/rewrite-target . Add following line to your ingress definition: nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/rewrite-target: my_path/$1
Useful article: nginx-rewrite-examples.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Arte y cultura »
The 30-Second Trick for Path of Exile Affixes
Autor Tema: The 30-Second Trick for Path of Exile Affixes (Leído 1060 veces)
maplestoryif2
« en: 03 de Noviembre de 2018, 07:47:11 am »
Dirty Facts About Path of Exile Affixes Uncovered
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The French School donates 1500€ to the Partners' Street Children School "Maer Achol"
On Tuesday, June 25th, the French International School of Dhaka (EFID) handed over a check of €1,500 to the school for street children, Maer Achol.
The donation comes from the profits of the football tournament, organized every year by EFID in February and which welcomes over 700 students from various international schools in Dhaka.
The Maer Achol school, founded in 2002 by Christian Raymond, founder and director of the NGO partners, is dedicated to the rehabilitation and education of street children to help them find a place in society and improve their quality life.
To learn more about Maer Achol, click here.
To learn more about EFID, the only international school providing a bilingual curriculum, click here.


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Our regular Filipino Life Group meeting was cancelled last Friday. Instead of having a quiet evening at home, some of the ladies in the group decided to get together in one of their homes for dinner and socialising. I was really chuffed to be invited, as it had been a long time since I was included in a women's group.
I went there with no expectations, except to eat and socialise. Upon my arrival, I was warmly greeted by everyone. However, I soon discovered that most of them conversed with one other in their own language (Tagalog), leaving one or two of them to converse with me in English in order to keep me company. Still I was happy to be there, if only to see the love between them as they laughed and teased one another (as it appeared to me).
One woman had spoken in tongues only twice before in her life, and never again since. She just hasn't been able to do it again. I urged her that she should be able to speak in tongues again: as the Holy Spirit had already given her the ability to do so, she just needed to yield to the Holy Spirit and to let Him use her vocal chords. Because He is a gentleman, He is not going to open her mouth and force her. She needs to partner up with Him, and He is ready whenever she is.
Another woman has been given the gift of Prophecy. She would often hear God speaking to her about people and their situations. Bible verses would come thick and fast, which God would ask her to share on Facebook, etc. -- but she would be overcome with fear, afraid she may hear God incorrectly. So she would keep the words to herself, only to see that things would happen just as she had heard in the first place. It has been two years since she last allowed herself to prophesy.
As I heard this second woman speak, I discerned the spirit of Fear controlling her, hampering her from speaking the Word of God to her brothers and sisters - words of life, of encouragement, of direction and of instruction (because this is the level of prophecy that she has been given by God). I saw that many people in her circle have lost out because of the fear that was over her; she needed to be freed from this. So I called all the women to gather around to pray for her. Everyone held hands where they were (almost in a semi circle), except me; I stood behind the woman as I had in mind to cast out the spirit of Fear. The woman who spoke tongues only twice before held the hand of the woman with the gift of Prophecy as they were sitting next to each other.
I began my prayer with praise and thanksgiving to God for the women gathering and for the gift of Prophecy He has given to this (second) woman. Then, I addressed the spirit of Fear, took authority over it and began to command it to leave. Just then this (second) woman let out a cry, immediately followed by an outburst of tongues. After a few minutes, the other woman (who spoke tongues only twice before) also started to burst out in tongues. Both were now speaking in tongues quite loudly as I continued my prayer. Before long, I also heard another (third) woman crying aloud.
When I looked around the group, I saw that just about every woman in the semi circle was crying one way or another. The third woman who cried aloud was, by now, looking like she was desperate to say the name Jesus - which she eventually did. The room was electric, sounds of tongues and praises to God, in amongst all the crying, were heard. The Holy Spirit had come among us and ministered to each and everyone, as each had need.
After some time, the sounds began to get quieter, and then to whispers, and eventually to silence. As we all opened our eyes, we looked at each other and cried out, "Wow! That was amazing and completely unexpected!" We were all astounded! This was more than dinner and socialising -- this was a date with the Holy Spirit! Hallelujah!
As the women dried their eyes in sobs and smiles, I saw just how the Holy Spirit had traveled. He started from the first woman on the left right through to the last woman on the right. Hence why the outburst of tongues and the crying happened in the order they did. It was an astounding revelation; a revelation which inspired me to ask each and every woman from left to right to share as to how they had experienced the Holy Spirit.
One woman cried as she felt her heart swell up with emotion and compassion for the woman we were praying for.
Two had a vision of seeing the colour "white" in their mind's eye ("white" signifying the presence of God). One of these women also had a feeling that she was about to be prophesied over.
One was so overwhelmed with all the manifestations of the Holy Spirit that were happening to everyone that she became afraid and cried, but at the same time, she felt unexplained happiness in her heart.
One confessed she had come from a reserved Christian denomination and has never experienced anything like this before, but she loved what she saw and heard, and thoroughly enjoyed experiencing the presence of the Holy Spirit.
Another, being still a new Christian, said that she also felt an overwhelming emotion to cry, and that she simply allowed herself to cry.
The woman who spoke in tongues only twice before has now just experienced her third time! She was ecstatic about it, and said that she felt she can control it, so she will speak more tongues in the future. I encouraged her to do so because it will edify her and is also a powerful tool for intercession and spiritual warfare.
The woman who cried the loudest said that when she heard the two women spoke in tongues, she could understand that they were praising God! At this, I discerned that she may have been given the gift of "interpretation", which she is excited about. She also saw the name "Jesus" written on her own forehead. She didn't know how she could see this or what was happening to her, but she had a strong urge to shout out loud the name "Jesus". She held herself back because she felt inhibited to do so. She didn't recall calling out His name, but I assured her that she did because I saw and heard her do so (as I mentioned above). Later, she questioned why His name was written on her forehead. I gave her a couple of scriptures which could explain this Revelation 14:4 and 22:4, but I felt it was also because the Holy Spirit was wanting the Name Jesus to be glorified in that moment of praises and speaking in tongues.
The woman who was given the gift to Prophesy (for whom we were all praying) said that she saw God's huge hand over us all as we were praying, crying and speaking in tongues. Wow! We were bowled over about this! When asked about the fear she had, she said that she no longer feels afraid to prophesy. The spirit of Fear has gone, and she will now go back to operating in her gift of Prophecy. I asked if she had any word for anyone in the group, and sure enough she prophesied over one of the women (who had already been given the feeling that she would be prophesied over, mentioned earlier). Both women broke down in tears, as one prophesied over the other. It was a very touching moment to witness. This is the kind of Godly moments that the enemy had been trying to obstruct in these past two years, but now no more... !!
I also stated and believe that the woman who has been given the gift to Prophesy will prophesy in tongues too, and the other one (who saw the name Jesus on her forehead) will interpret those tongues. They both smiled, as I said this, because they already work together as colleagues in their earthly profession. And so it seems that God wants them to work together in the spiritual realm, too.
The final testimony came from a woman who is currently following the Muslim faith, but has been fellowshiping with us for sometime now. When the Holy Spirit made His round, she felt some kind of tingling coming from the top of her head going right down to her feet. She wanted to shout the name "Jesus", but a voice in her mind said "No!". Then she felt a dark destructive power trying to engulf her (which would be the spirit of Islam/Antichrist). Again she wanted to scream the name "Jesus", but somehow she couldn't, it was preventing her, so all she could do instead was to cry. Later that night as I gave her a lift home, she said that when she was crying during the Holy Spirit visitation, she could almost see the face of Jesus among us, in our circle -- just like how she had seen Him in the film "Risen" when He sat among His disciples after His resurrection. She saw His face so clearly and could also hear Him calling her.
Taken from the Film "Risen"
Jesus with His disciples, after His resurrection from the dead.
Wow, what power, what love He has for her and for all of us! I saw the goodness and the power of God through His Holy Spirit that night, manifesting among us. As I pondered on this, I realised that this is reminiscent of what happened in the "Upper Room", mentioned both at Jesus's last supper (Mark 14:15; Luke 22:12) and at the Day of Pentecost (Acts 1:13). Indeed, what took place with us that night took place in the kitchen/dining room located on the upper floor of the house -- our very own "upper room". There were 11 of us, which is the number of Jesus' disciples before Judas was replaced. We all had goose pimples as we spoke about this. Let there be many more "upper room experiences" as God pours out His Spirit in these last days, just as He promised.
17 '"In the last days, God says, I will pour out my Spirit on all people. Your sons and daughters will prophesy, your young men will see visions, your old men will dream dreams. 18 Even on my servants, both men and women, I will pour out my Spirit in those days, and they will prophesy.
As the evening/night came to an end, husbands turned up at the door to pick up their wives. Frantic conversations (in Tagalog) were heard among them. I can only assume that the wives were telling their husbands about what had happened. It was like dry wood catching fire - everyone was ablaze -- including me; I went home rejoicing, impatient to share everything with Rob, too.
All the glory be to God, the Lord Jesus and the Holy Spirit!


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The Church of God (Restoration) is a plain dress Christian denomination founded in the 1980s by American evangelist Daniel (Danny) Wilburn Layne. Members of this group believe that they are ordained by both prophecy and divine command to restore the church of God as it was in the Book of Acts, and believes that it alone is the only true church. Many of the church's teachings originated from the Church of God (Anderson) movement thirty years earlier.

History
Danny Layne was raised in the Church of God (Anderson) in Ontario, California, where his father was a minister. He claimed that he lived a life of drug addiction (heroin), drug dealing, crime and sin on the streets of San Francisco for several years. Layne began preaching in the Church of God (Guthrie, OK) after his conversion in May 1980.

After Layne's death in 2011, the church's chief Apostle is D. Ray Tinsman of Greenville, Ohio, along with 11 other minister are also called Apostles, including Henry Hildebrandt.

Church government
The group is officially presbyterian-hierarchical in ecclesiastical polity, with the General Ministerial Body having the greatest authority in doctrine and practice, especially those recognized as apostles. However, many ex-members claim that it was actually episcopalian, with Daniel Layne acting as de facto archbishop until his death in 2011. Daniel Layne was officially held to be an Apostle in the Church of God (Restoration).

While there is no official church headquarters, individual congregations are expected to be more than a loose association, and submit to the decisions of the General Ministerial Body. There is no formal membership, however, those who attend regularly are expected to strictly adhere to the standards and theology taught by leaders in the movement.

The General Ministerial Body consists of male and female ministers, who call themselves "The Seventh Trumpet Angel Ministry". Ministers must be saved and sanctified, not divorced and remarried, and agree with the Church's theology and practice. They must also feel personally called of God and have the approval of the General Ministerial Body.

Beliefs and doctrines
The group considers itself to be "anti-denominational", with roots in the holiness movement and Church of God (Anderson) of which Daniel Sidney Warner was one of the leading ministers in the late 19th century. Warner had been associated with the Churches of God General Conference, and was greatly influenced by the "anti-denominational" teaching of that denomination.

This group also claims to closely follow all the teachings of the Bible, and practices excommunication to some  former members it considers to be errant from its very strict and real interpretation of the Bible and actively work against the group. They believe and teach that they are the one and only true church and that anyone outside of their group who is saved will eventually join them.

The doctrines of the Church of God (Restoration) seem to be similar to the original doctrines of the Church of God (Anderson), although the "Anderson" churches are now indistinguishable from most other evangelical churches in the USA.

The following is a list of some of the emphasized doctrines and practices:
 The Church sees itself to be a restoration of the original church that Jesus built.
 As with most Holiness Churches, they believe that one willful sin causes a person to lose his salvation.
 Entire sanctification as a second work of grace after justification by faith
 Unification of the children of God in one body. They teach that God's will is to unite his people one more time in one visible Church before he returns to take them home. Every person that is a true Christian will become a part of the movement once they hear the sound of the 7th Trumpet, which is interpreted to be the preaching and teaching of God through the body of Christ, which the group feels is their movement.
 Divine, physical healing and anointing with oil by the Elders.
 Holy kiss when greeting each other with the same sex, in a non-sexual way.
 Separation from the world by dress and actions, including:
 Men wear primarily black dress clothes with white shirts to worship services, but casual dress is worn during the week, excluding denim
 Neckties, wedding rings, and jewelry are forbidden, as are other superfluous and unneeded articles of dress
 Bright colors, such as red, orange, yellow, bright green and bright blue, are not worn, as the church believes that they portray a potentially worldly spirit and draw unnecessary attention to themselves.
 Women wear dark-colored hose and girls wear thick stockings, skirts with wide pleats to the ankles, and vests that cover their waistline.
 Most male adherents wear beards.
 Women and girls do not cut their hair, and wear it tied back at all times in a plain bun (women) or braids (girls)
 Church worship is a cappella. This is similar in practice to the Churches of Christ and plain Anabaptist churches, believing that musical instruments in worship are not sanctioned by scripture.
 Strong focus on outreach and missionary endeavors.
 No discrimination based on ethnicity, language, culture, gender, or social status. They reject the concept of race distinctions and believe there is only one human race.
 Strong teaching against sexual immorality, including homosexuality.
 Nonresistance, precluding all military service and employment as police officers.
 No remarriage following divorce, although reunification with a first spouse is permitted if that relationship was not adulterous for both spouses. This differs from what Warner taught.
 Belief in corporal punishment of children, as a last resort. They believe that they are forbidden to spank their children by hand, because the hand is considered an instrument of love, guidance and comfort.
 Excommunication of those that leave the Church and actively attempt to help others leave the Church, or are a threat to the Church.
The church has been accused of implicitly teaching several other controversial doctrines. Though the church officially denies these claims, former members have maintained that these views are promoted by members of the church. The most popular accusations include: praying to apostles or in their names, belief in Ray Tinsman as the messiah, and belief in reincarnation. Former members have also published threats against church leaders including violence and death threats.

Eschatology
The official eschatology of the sect is a form of church historicism. This church teaches that the sounding of the 7th Trumpet referenced in the Book of Revelation began around the same year in 1980 when Daniel Layne was saved, alleging that there was a general discontent among many of its current adherents that were in various Churches of God at that time. A variation of this "7th Seal message" had been taught in other Churches of God for approximately 50 years prior to this point.

Daniel Sidney Warner and the earlier ministers of the Church of God (Anderson) taught that the restoration of the church was prophesied by the Old Testament prophets, in the New Testament, and in the Book of Revelation. They taught that the time period from 270 to 1530 was the "Papal age" and 1530 to 1880 was the "Protestant age", with 1880 being the year the church of God was restored with the full message of salvation, sanctification, and unity of God's people. Warner describes how he came up with these dates in Birth of a Reformation. From a number of scriptures in Daniel and Revelation, he took "time, times, and half a time", "42 months" or "1260 days" (Dan 7:25; 12:7, Rev 11:3; 12:6; 12:14; 13:5;) to mean 1260 years of the "Papal age", holding that in symbolic language one day is one year. The 1260 years of the "Papal age" is added to the time that the church lost its unity and purity, which gives the end of the "Papal age" as 1530 AD. Then using the symbol from Revelation of "three days and a half" (Rev 11:11), with each day equaling a century, they held that the duration of the Protestant age was 350 years, which brings them to 1880. This date was the beginning of the full restoration of the church of God and called the "Evening Light age".

The Church of God (Restoration) builds the dating of their movement on the same dates as the Church of God (Anderson) earlier ministers did. They also hold that in about 1930 the Church of God (Anderson) as a whole became apostate and there was silence in the spiritual heavens for "the space of half an hour" (Rev 8:1). This one half-hour is taken to mean 50 years, using one hour in symbolic language as one century. The time of the "silence period" ended in 1980, which was about the time of the beginning of Daniel Layne's ministry.

Some reject the date of 1880 and claim the dates 270 and 1530 hold no historical significance and were only obtained by back-dating from 1880. They also point out that while there is Biblical authority to use the symbol of one day for a year (Num 14:34; Eze 4:6), there is no Biblical authority to use one day as a century or one hour as a century, which the Church of God (Restoration) uses to get the 350 years of the Protestant age and the 50 years of the silent time.

Congregations
The Church of God (Restoration) has about 20 congregations worldwide (with about half in the United States and Canada) as well as mission stations in Haiti, Nepal, India, the Philippines, Kenya and Ireland.

They urge all Christians to unite and bind into one visible body of believers, which they believe should be their own. The group draws most of its members from various Anabaptist and Church of God churches, but includes a diversity of backgrounds, both religious and cultural. One method of outreach has been to have a large group of adherents attend conventions or services of other churches (often churches from which members have been previously gleaned) with the apparent goal of gaining new members. In recent years their outreach efforts have increasingly focused on street meetings and new congregations in large urban centers.

Bimonthly publication
The Gospel Trumpet is a bi-monthly publication that is published in English, German, and Russian. Some of its clip-art and writings are copied from the original century-old Gospel Trumpet, with which it has no other continuity. The current publishers claim to follow in the steps of the original Gospel Trumpet by publishing strongly against denominationalism and sin. There is also a bi-monthly paper, The Shining Light, intended for children.

Criticism
The Church of God (Restoration) remains the focus of controversy, with many accusations leveled by ex-members across the world. According to former members the church is cult-like and controls dress code, internet access and relationships. Former member Tina Wall said, "I believe Church of God is a cult, you can't think for yourself, nothing. You just follow the leaders." Fear of Hell is used to control members and to make member obey church leaders.

Most of the accusations stem from well-known doctrines of the Church of God (Restoration) such as divine healing, shunning and excommunication. The Church rejects the notion that the husband is the spiritual head of the family. The Church teaches rather that the husband is the head of the home in domestic affairs and bears some responsibility for spiritual matters, but that the pastor has more authority in spiritual matters than the father/husband holds.

For a number of years, they did not believe in accessing any medical help, nor using medicine, but divine healing from God. There have been a number of deaths within the group, of newborns, children, and adults, which normal medical procedures may have prevented. However, due to political and judicial pressure in 2001, a resolution was approved by the General Ministerial Body that now recommends that all underage children be provided with appropriate medical care. Adults are free to choose for themselves. When adults are critically ill they are supposed to choose divine healing rather than medical care.

References

Literature
Andrew L. Byers: Birth of a Reformation - Life and Labors of Daniel Sidney Warner, Anderson, IN, Los Angeles, CA etc. 1921.

External links
The Church of God (Restoration) Official Home Page
An Inside Look at the Church of God Short historical overview of the Church of God movement
Church of God Restoration - Restored or Fallen? | Douglas Wall
The Cult Education Institute

Church of God denominations
Holiness denominations
Nondenominational Christianity
Christian new religious movements

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


An ongoing catalogue of Knossos Games website issues and minor updates.
As part of the holiday-themed update at Thanksgiving, I created a new Knossos Games banner for all pages.
This fall included several big content updates: a new Neuron Activation Level puzzle and website update, a new Gerrymandering puzzle, the return of the holiday logic problems, and a feature article about logic and puzzlemaking in Imagine magazine.
More updates are on their way in the new year!
My mom loves Christmas decorations. She decorates every available space in the house with garlands, greens, candles, wreaths, and lights. Her navity scene was hand-carved in Germany and was a gift from my dad on their honeymoon. But nothing compares to her collection of Christmas tree ornaments.
Every Thanksgiving, dozens and dozens of boxes descend from the attic to decorate the Christmas trees. Yes, trees. We started with one in the living room, but with so many ornaments, she became a museum curator, only able to display a small fraction of the continuously growing collection on any one holiday. For years, my dad refused to put up a second tree, knowing this would be the path to extreme self-indulgent holiday cheer.
In the sprit of her unrelenting passion for Christmas tree ornaments, the latest holiday logic problem celebrates the yearly chaos of choosing which ornaments should go where. This puzzle was modified from one originally posted in 2005. It is an homage to the holiday-themed grid-based logic problems I made as a kid, but which have been entirely lost. I updated the puzzle text and clues (including changing some of the ornaments and tree locations), added new graphics and a detailed solution.
I started writing holiday-themed logic problems as a kid. I really liked solving grid-based logic problems, and once I figured out how they worked, I started creating my own. Unfortunately, I can't find any copies of those original puzzles I made. But those early puzzles inspired me to start writing holiday-themed logic problems again once I got serious about the Knossos Games website in the mid-2000's. As these puzzles aren't published in the magazine (or anywhere else), they are a special bonus to my website visitors.
Even though my earliest logic problems were of the grid-based variety (both solving and creating), I have avoided that type of puzzle when writing for the magazine. In fact, I refrained from writing logic problems for the magazine altogether for the first five years. It was only when I found an interesting though flawed logic problem that I published my own improved version in the magazine. The following year I wrote the two-year garden logic problem and have written about one per year every year since.
When writing a logic problem, you want to situate or structure the puzzle using a natural order or pre-existing rules. This helps solvers initially engage with the puzzle, as they can utilize their prior knowledge to gain an entry point and start solving. The order of Santa's reindeer, memorialized in story and song, made for an obvious choice. I used the L-shaped arrangements of the two-year garden logic problem as the basic structure for this new puzzle.
Top: L-shaped example from two-year garden logic problem. Bottom: L-shaped example from reindeer games holiday logic problem.
This puzzle was originally posted to an older version of the website in 2004, then resurrected as part of the newest version of the website in 2015. When I decided I wanted to restart the holiday logic problem tradition, I found a copy of the clues to this puzzle, but no solution! I had to go back and solve the puzzle myself to remember how it worked. I rewrote the entire prologue to the puzzle, utilizing actual proclamations found on the internet as a basis for the language used. The new version of the puzzle added graphics and a detailed solution.
Imagine magazine has graciously allowed me to share with everyone the logic article I wrote for their most recent issue!
• I've written several logic puzzles (organized both chronologically, in the order they were published, and thematically), including a few special holiday logic puzzles.
• Two logic puzzles were specifically styled after Raymond Smullyan's "knights and knaves" or "truth tellers and liars" puzzles. The first Castaway puzzle (based on the reality television show Survivor), adds people who sometimes lie and sometimes tell the truth. Smullyan calls these people "normals". The second Castaway puzzle, not mentioned in the article, defines different ways in which people might lie based on whom they are speaking to. I have not found a similar Smullyan puzzle (although by no means have I read them all).
• The rubber stamp puzzles were directly influenced by battleship puzzles I had seen in Games magazine. Another example of a grid-based number puzzle, albeit one I created and not based on one of the Nikoli puzzles, are the gerrymandering puzzles. Another example of a puzzle I created that was inspired by a different puzzle are the space pods puzzles. I wrote a blog entry about how I tried to improve upon another Games magazine puzzle I had seen.
The article also includes a sidebar of puzzle books. I've listed those in a separate blog post if you're interested in details and links.
Again, I'd like to thank Imagine and my editor, Melissa Hartman, for giving me the opportunity to write an article like this, in addition to my continued puzzle contributions. If you like the article and Knossos Games in general, please consider subscribing.
There are "origin story" blog entries for some of the logic puzzles I've written: the Coin Box problem, the Two-Year Garden problem, and the Castaway (Part 1) problem. I'm working on more.
I also wrote about the updates (part 1, part 2) of the logic puzzles for the most recent version of the web site.
Finally, here's the blog entry that started it all, where I discuss how making puzzles and my job as an educational psychologist are really two sides to the same coin.


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Series Discussion
KINGDOM HEARTS 2nd Phase
A theory on how a Yozora Kingdom Hearts game would work
Thread starter Alpha Baymax
REGISTER TO REMOVE ADS
Face My Fears
She's not an "it"!
KingdomKurdistan said:
Sora's voice acting is perfectly competent and often quite brilliant. It is very very rarely subpar. He gets the tone, inflection and delivery right most of the time, unlike many of his co-stars.
I don't care how well-known actors are. Nor did I claim well-known actors would somehow sell more copies. I care about competence and quality. Many times, that correlates with star power, but not always. Not mostly, either. I don't care to find out who the Disney actors are because they're either good or simply unobtrusive. No one is expecting oscar-winning performances, just ones that don't take you out of story. Many times, perfectly good film actors do terrible jobs on KH because it's either not their medium, they had crap material to work with, or they were directed terribly. Mostly, though, I fear the biggest issue is actors aren't really acting but reading lines off a page without any context. It's quite literally phoning it in. Compare it with the astonishing performances in The Last of Us (which uses motion capture with actors on set).
I'm honestly surprised how many are content with acting quality among KH fans. I don't really watch dubbed animation, I'm more of a cinema freak, so could it be I'm just unaccustomed to it? I'm happy to concede the issue lies with me, just want to understand it 'tis all.
On topic, I wouldn't mind a Yozora game, though I'd only play it because it's connected to KH. Otherwise, the genre really isn't for me. Ten years ago, I'd have been smitten for the Yozora/Verum Rex stuff, but it seems like I feel ive grown out of that grown up stuff now.
Well since almost everyone involved with the series voice acted at least once before - either for the KH series already (original character voice actors) or Disney voice actors (in the blockbuster films), I think it's safe to say that it's the direction. Riku is the most painful one to watch in KH3 because he is like a brick wall, probably horrible direction to have Riku seem "stoic and mature". It's also hard to voice act when the animation is just characters looking at each other and not really doing anything else besides talking and/or just being exposition, which is basically reading lines of information (see Ienzo).
But circling back to your issue, what was wrong with Yozora's voice acting? I thought Dylan Sprouse did a pretty good job.
Reactions: OrionGold
I'd be curious about a game solely built with original worlds. It's just less fun to theorize about.
I'm iffy about a Yozora-solo game. His appeal is mostly him being Noctis-kinda. Verum Rex works more as a tongue in cheek reference. Granted I'm not a Nomura-stan so maybe I'm just cynical.
He could surprise me.
Reactions: KingdomKurdistan
Alpha Baymax
On a scale of α to ζ.
Rodin said:
I can't see a Kingdom Hearts game without Disney worlds be they Disney-proper, Marvel or Star Wars. Even 358/2 Days, the game where Disney worlds didn't even matter had Disney worlds for gameplay purposes. Disney will be integrated in some fashion in a hypothetical Verum Rex game, that's not going to change.
I don't blame you being cynical about this idea. After all, Final Fantasy XV is a mixed-bag of an experience even though that game is an amalgamation of Nomura's original Versus XIII ideas and Tabata's XV. I am willing to give Nomura the benefit of the doubt and expect the ideas that didn't make it into XV to be more realised in a Verum Rex game.
Yozora teaming with Oswald the Rabbit would be fun.
Mexican Sora
The Realm of Tamales
Please, no more Agrabah/Wonderland for the love of god
Mexican Sora said:
A Wonderland and Agrabah based on the Live-Action remake with the Verum Rex cast would be an entirely different experience than the traditional Kingdom Hearts exploration of Disney worlds.


Email marketing is one of the most important activities today for any internet businessperson. Here are the basic concepts and a list of email terms and definitions that you are most likely to come across as you deal with the email marketing process, building your list, creating and sending messages, or dealing with your IT department or broadcast vendor.
Email marketing is the process of managing lists, developing ad campaigns, creating promotional offers, broadcasting email messages, and tracking the results. Email marketing systems generally combine advanced message broadcast systems along with tracking systems that can monitor the reception, opening, and response to email messages that have been sent.
e-Mail Marketing is key to marketing strategies of most websites, with marketers measuring much of their success through their email marketing solutions. Yet despite the relatively simple idea of email marketing it has many variants in terms of not only appearance but also delivery, with differing organisation behind each one. Understanding what kind of email marketing strategy will work best for your marketing campaigns, and the level of support and work behind it is fundamental for ensuring maximum results.
C - Fully managed service (outsourcing).
Refers to a test situation in which a list is split into two pieces with every other name being sent one specific creative, and vice versa. See also Nth name.
The part of an email message or Web page that is visible without scrolling. Material in this area is considered more valuable because the reader sees it first. Refers to a printing term for the top half of a newspaper above the fold. Unlike a newspaper, email and Web page fold locations aren't predictable. Your fold may be affected by the users' preview pane, monitor-size, monitor resolution, any headers placed by email programs such as Hotmail, etc.
Microsoft Access software is a tool used for developing a database. Any database vendor you work with -- email broadcaster, list broker, third-party list-hygiene service, etc. -- should be able to work with this format. Several other batabase tools are available.
An exchange between two publishers in which each agrees to run the other's comparably valued ad at no charge. Value is determined by rate card, placement, size of list, quality of list, name brand fame, etc.
A marketing partner that promotes your products or services under a payment-on-results agreement.
An active request by a reader or subscriber to receive advertising or promotional information, newsletters, etc. Generally affirmative consent does not included the following -- failing to uncheck a pre-checked box on a Web form, entering a business relationship with an organization without being asked for separate permission to be sent specific types of email, opt-out.
Email message that notifies subscribers of an event or special price.
Company that provides a Web-based service. Clients don't have to install software on their own computers; all tasks are performed on (hosted on) the ASP's servers.
An automated process that verifies an email sender's identity.
An anti-spam program that evaluates header and content of incoming email messages to determine the probability that it is spam. Bayesian filters assign point values to items that appear frequently in spam, such as the words "money-back guarantee" or "free." A message that accumulated too many points is either rejected as probable spam or delivered to a junk-mail folder. Aka content-based filter.
A list developed by anyone receiving email, or processing email on its way to the recipient, or interested third-parties, that includes domains or IP addresses of any emailers suspected of sending spam. Many companies use blacklists to reject inbound email, either at the server level or before it reaches the recipient's in-box. Also Blocklist and Blackhole list.
An action by an ISP to not forward your email messages to the recipient. This is a distinct activity from a Bounce.
A message that doesn't get delivered promptly is said to have bounced. Emails can bounce for more than 30 reasons: the email address is incorrect or has been closed; the recipient's mailbox is full, the mail server is down, or the system detects spam or offensive content. See hard bounce and soft bounce.
Message sent back to an email sender reporting the message could not be delivered and why. Note: Not all bounced emails result in messages being sent back to the sender. Not all bounce messages are clear or accurate about the reason email was bounced.
The process of dealing with the email that has bounced. Bounce handling is important for list maintenance, list integrity and delivery. Given the lack of consistency in bounce messaging formats, it's an inexact science at best.
Also return rate: Number of hard/soft bounces divided by the number of emails sent. This is an inexact number because some systems do not report back to the sender clearly or accurately.
The process of sending the same email message to multiple recipients.
An email server function that forwards all questionable email to a single mailbox. The catch-all should be monitored regularly to find misdirected questions, unsubscribes or other genuine live email.
Acronym for Common Gateway Interface. It is a specification for transferring information between the Web and a Web server, such as processing email subscription or contact forms.
An anti-spam program that requires a human being on the sender's end to respond to an emailed challenge message before their messages can be delivered to recipients. Senders who answer the challenge successfully are added to an authorization list. Bulk emailers can work with challenge-response if they designate an employee to watch the sending address' mailbox and to reply to each challenge by hand.
How many subscribers leave a mailing list (or how many email addresses go bad) over a certain length of time, usually expressed as a percentage of the whole list.
When a hotlink is included in an email, a click-through occurs when a recipient clicks on the link. Click-through tracking refers to the data collected about each click-through link, such as how many people clicked it, how many clicks resulted in desired actions such as sales, forwards or subscriptions.
Total number of clicks on email link(s) divided by the number of emails sent. Includes multiple clicks by a unique user. Some email broadcast vendors or tracking programs define CTR differently.
An acknowledgment of a subscription or information request. "Confirmation" can be either a company statement that the email address was successfully placed on a list, or a subscriber's agreement that the subscribe request was genuine and not faked or automatically generated by a third party.
Inexact term that may refer to double-opt-in subscription processes or may refer to email addresses which do not hard bounce back a welcome message. Ask anyone using this term to define it more clearly.
Arrangement in which companies collecting registration information from users (email sign-up forms, shopping checkout process, etc.) include a separate box for users to check if they would also like to be added to a specific third-party list.
Cost per Action (also can be Acquisition). A method of paying for advertising, or calculating results from non-CPA marketing.
Cost per Click. A method of paying for advertising. Different from CPA because all you pay for is the click, regardless of what that click does when it gets to your site or landing page.
An email message's copy and any graphics.
To send the same email message to at least two different mailing lists or discussion groups.
Clickthrough Rate. Slightly inexact because some clicks "get lost" between the click and your server. Also be sure to ask if the CTR is unique, meaning that each individual user is only counted once no matter how many times they click on a link.
An email server used by only one sender. A dedicated server often costs more to use because the expense can't be spread among many users, but it performs better than a shared server. Email usually goes out faster, the server is more secure, and you eliminate the possibility that another sender could get the server blacklisted for spamming.
The process of removing identical entries from two or more data sets such as mailing lists.
Number of emails sent minus the number of bounces and filtered messages. A highly inexact number because not all receiving ISPs report accurately on which email didn't go through and why not.
The process of measuring delivery rates by format, ISP or other factors and delivery failures (bounces, invalid address, server and other errors). An inexact science.
An organized effort to disrupt email or Web service by sending more messages or traffic than a server can handle, shutting it down until the messages stop.
A shortened version of an email newsletter which replaces full-length articles with clickable links to the full article at a Web site, often with a brief summary of the contents.
An email service in which individual members post messages for all group members to read ("many to many.") In contrast, a newsletter is a "one to many" broadcast, where comments by members or subscribers go only to the message sender.
An anti-spam software application being developed by Yahoo and using a combination of public and private "keys" to authenticate the sender's domain and reduce the chance that a spammer or hacker will fake the domain sending address.
A process that requires new list joiners to take an action (such as clicking on an emailed link to a personal confirmation page) in order to confirm that they do want to be on the list. Sometimes interpreted incorrectly by some email broadcast vendors to mean a new subscriber who does not opt-out of or bounce a welcome message.
Email Change of Address. A service that tracks email address changes and updates.
The combination of a unique user name and a sender domain (JohnDoe@anywhere.com). The email address requires both the user name and the domain name.
Service that matches email addresses to a database of personal names and postal addresses. Appending may require an "OK to add my name" reply from the subscriber before you can add the name to the list.
The software recipients use to read email, such as Outlook Express or Lotus Notes.
The portion of the email address to the right of the @ sign. Useful as an email address hygiene tool (e.g. identify all records where the consumer entered "name@aol" as their email address and correct it to "name@aol.com").
A software tool that categorizes, sorts or blocks incoming email, based either on the sender, the email header or message content. Filters may be applied at the recipient's level, at the email client, the ISP or a combination.
The portion of the email address that is displayed in most, though not all, email readers in place of, or in addition to, the email address.
An automated process in which a robot program searches Web pages or other Internet destinations for email addresses. The program collects the address into a database, which frequently gets resold to spammers or unethical bulk mailers. Many U.S. state laws forbid harvesting. CAN-SPAM does not outlaw it by name but allows triple damages against violators who compiled their mailing lists with harvested names.
Content distributed to subscribers by email, on a regular schedule. Content is seen as valued editorial in and of itself rather than primarily a commercial message with a sales offer. Also known as an ezine.
The portion of the email address to the left of the @ sign.
Another name for an email broadcast service provider, a company that sends bulk (volume) email on behalf of their clients.
Pre-programmed messages sent automatically based on an event such as a date or anniversary.
A legitimate message mistakenly rejected or filtered as spam, either by an ISP or a recipient's anti-spam program. The more stringent an anti-spam program, the higher the false-positive rate.
Whatever appears in the email recipient's inbox as your visible "from" name. Chosen by the sender. May be a personal name, a brand name, an email address, a blank space, or alpha-numeric gobbledegook. Note - this is not the actual "from" contained in the header (see below) and may be different than the email reply address. Easy to fake. Aka Email Friendly Name.
An email vendor that also provides strategic consulting and creative support, in addition to sending messages.
A new, free email service offered by Google, giving users 1GB of storage space, email search and conversation threading. Gmail also uses technology to add advertisements next to messages containing keywords that match those of advertisers in its AdWords program, a policy that means promotional materials sent by one company could carry text ads of its competitors.
An email message sent automatically to a list member who unsubscribes, acknowledging the request. Always include an option to resubscribe in case the unsubscribe was requested accidentally.
Email message which contains any type of formatting other than text. This may be as simple as programming that sets the text in a specific font (bold, italics, Courier 10 point, etc.). It also includes any graphic images, logos and colors.
Message sent to an invalid, closed or nonexistent email account.
The portion of the Domain that is to the right of the last period, e.g. "com, net, gov". This is useful for email hygiene.
The process of cleaning a database to correct incorrect or outdated values. See also List Hygiene.
Internet Message Access Protocol, a standard protocol for accessing email from a server.
A unique number assigned to each device connected to the Internet. An IP address can be dynamic, meaning it changes each time an email message or campaign goes out, or it can be static, meaning it does not change. Static IP addresses are best, because dynamic IP addresses often trigger spam filters.
A spam-industry term for a forged email, in which a spammer or hacker fakes a genuine email address in order to hide his identity.
A Web page viewed after clicking on a link within an email. Also may be called a microsite, splash page, bounce page, or click page.
What happens when links go bad over time, either because a Web site has shut down or a site has stopped supporting a unique landing page provided in an email promotion.
The list of email addresses to which you send your message. Can be either your house list or a third-party list that sends your message on your behalf.
The act of maintaining a list so that hard bounces and unsubscribed names are removed from mailings. Some list owners also use an email change-of-address service to update old or abandoned email addresses (hopefully with a permission step baked in) as part of this process.
The organization or individual who has gathered a list of email addresses. Ownership does not necessarily imply "with permission."
The actual purchase of a mailing list along with the rights to mail it directly. Permission can only be "sold" if the subsequent mailings continue to match the frequency, brand name, content, and "from" of the past owner's mailings -- and even then this is a somewhat shaky procedure on the spam-front. You are in effect buying a publication, and not just a list.
An orchestrated attempt to shut down a mail server by sending more messages than it can handle in a short period of time. See DOS.
A list of email addresses that receive mailings or discussion-group messages.
A communication error between two email servers, usually happening when a misconfigured email triggers an automated response from the recipient server.
A code to make an email address in either a text or HTML email immediately clickable (mailto:JohnDoe@anywhere.com). When the link is clicked, it usually opens the user's email client and inserts the email address in the To: link of a blank message.
Mail Transfer Agent. A computer that forwards email from senders to recipients (or to relay sites) and stores incoming email.
Mail service provider, such as Hotmail or Gmail.
Also known (confusingly) as an "email sniffer." Message format which includes both an HTML and a text-only version in the same message. Most (but not all) email clients receiving messages in this format will automatically display the version the user's system is set to show. Systems that can't show HTML should show the text version instead. This doesn't always work — in particular for many Lotus Notes users. Also, no data, except HTML open rates and possibly link click tracking, is transmitted back to the sender regarding which version a recipient wound up viewing.
The act of segmenting a list for a test in which names are pulled from the main list for the test cell by number -- such as every 5th name on the list. See also a/b split.
The number of HTML message recipients who opened your email, usually as a percentage of the total number of emails sent. The open rate is considered a key metric for judging an email campaign's success, but it has several problems. The rate indicates only the number of emails opened from the total amount sent, not just those that were actually delivered. Opens also can't be calculated on text emails. Also, some email clients also use it to scan message content without actually opening the message, which is falsely calculated as an open. See preview pane.
A specific, pro-active, request by an individual email recipient to have their own email address placed on a specific mailing list. Many list renters and buyers now require list owners to provide proof of opt-in, including the actual email or IP address date and time the request was received.
A specific request to remove an email address from a specific list, or from all lists operated by a single owner. Also, the process of adding an email addresses to lists without the name's pre-approval, forcing names who don't want to be on your list to actively unsubscribe.
An email recipient who got your message via forwarding from a subscriber. (Some emails offer "forward to a friend" in the creative, but the vast majority of pass-alongs happen using email clients, and not that tech.) Pass-alongs can affect the formatting of the email, often stripping off HTML. Also known as viral.
A targeting method in which an email message appears to have been created only for a single recipient. Personalization techniques include adding the recipient's name in the subject line or message body, or the message offer reflects a purchasing, link clicking, or transaction history.
Software used to encrypt and protect email as it moves from one computer to another and can be used to verify a sender's identity.
A form of identity theft in which a scammer uses an authentic-looking email to trick recipients into giving out sensitive personal information, such as credit-card or bank account numbers, Social Security numbers and other data.
Text in an email message that includes no formatting code. See HTML.
Post Office Protocol, which an email client uses to send to or receive messages from an email server.
Options a user can set to determine how they want to receive your messages, how they want to be addresses, to which email address message should go and which messages they want to receive from you. The more preferences a user can specify, the more likely you'll send relevant email.
The window in an email client that allows the user to scan message content without actually clicking on the message. See open rate.
The metric for the quantity of email messages delivered from an email server. Pushed - Bounces = Delivered. Also the act of sending those messages. Since a mailer cannot control or oftentimes accurately forecast the number of bounces a campaign will receive, knowing expected ROI per email pushed is oftentimes more useful.
Where an email message goes after you send it but before the list owner approves it or before the list server gets around to sending it. Some list software allows you to queue a message and then set a time to send it automatically, either during a quiet period on the server or at a time when human approval isn't available.
Read email: Not measurable. Only opens and clicks are measureable in any way. You can never know if a recipient simply read your message.
An email message that refers to a commercial action -- a purchase, complaint or customer-support request -- based on a business relationship between the sender and recipient. Generally are not covered by CAN-SPAM requirements.
Creative that includes video, animation, and/or sound. Rich-media emails often collect high open and click rates but requires more bandwidth and are less compatible with different email clients than text or regular HTML email-format messages. Some mailers also consider transactional email "rich".
Email addresses placed on a list (sometimes secretly) to determine what messages are sent to the list and/or to track delivery rate and/or visible appearance of delivered messages. Seeds may also be placed on Web sites and elsewhere on the Internet to track spammers' harvesting activities.
The ability to slice a list into specific pieces determined by various attributes, such as open history or name source.
A segment of a list determined by any number of attributes, such as source of name, job title, purchasing history, etc. CPM list renters pay an additional fee per thousand names for each select on top of the base list price.
An unsubscribe mechanism that allows a consumer to selectively determine which email newsletters they wish to continue receiving while stopping the sending of others.
The informal name for a new anti-spam program combining two existing protocols: Sender Policy Framework and CallerID. SenderID authenticates email senders and blocks email forgeries and faked addresses.
Number of email names transmitted in a single broadcast. Does not reflect how many were delivered or viewed by recipients.
An email server used by more than one company or sender. Shared servers are less expensive to use because the broadcast vendor can spread the cost over more users. However, senders sharing a server risk having emails blocked by major ISPs if one of the other users does something to get the server's IP address blacklisted. See dedicated server.
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol, the most common protocol for sending email messages between email servers.
Email sent to an active (live) email address but which is turned away before being delivered. Often, the problem is temporary -- the server is down or the recipient's mailbox is over quota. The email might be held at the recipient's server and delivered later, or the sender's email program may attempt to deliver it again. Soft-bounce reports are not always accurate because they don't report all soft bounces or the actual reason for the bounce.
A one-time broadcast to an email list, separate from regular newsletters or promotions, and often including a message from an outside advertiser or a special promotion from the list owner.
The popular name for unsolicited commercial email. However, some email recipients define spam as any email they no longer want to receive, even if it comes from a mailing list they joined voluntarily.
An agreement between email list owners, publishers or advertisers to sponsor each other's mailings or newsletters for free. See ad swap.
The practice of changing the sender's name in an email message so that it looks as if it came from another address.
Copy that identifies what an email message is about, often designed to entice the recipient into opening the message. The subject line appears first in the recipient's inbox, often next to the sender's name or email address. It is repeated in the email message's header information inside the message.
The person who has specifically requested to join a mailing list. A list has both subscribers, who receive the message from the sender, and pass-alongs.
A Do Not Email list that you run against any lists you plan on sending mail to prior to the send. Required by CAN-SPAM.
Plain newsletter with words only, no colors, graphics, fonts or pictures; can be received by anyone who has email.
Web page that appears after user has submitted an order or a form online. May be a receipt.
also known as transactive email. A creative format where the recipient can enter a transaction in the body of the email itself without clicking to a web page first. Transactions may be answering a survey, or purchasing something.
Unsolicited Commercial Email, also called spam or junk mail.
An email message that includes a video file, either inserted into the message body, accessible through a hotlink to a Web site or accompanying it in an attachment (least desirable because many ISPs block executable attachments to avoid viruses).
Message sent automatically to new list members as soon as their email addresses are added successfully.
Advance-authorized list of email addresses, held by an ISP, subscriber or other email service provider, which allows email messages to be delivered regardless of spam filters.
A piece of malicious code, often delivered via an executable attachment in email or over a computer network.
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