text:
Chu Chu RocketAfter BurnerAlex Kidd in Miracle WorldCoD: World at WarDante's Inferno
Editorial: You Failed SEGA
But you can avenge the death of Jet Set Radio.
By Levi Buchanan
Updated: Jun 15, 2012 9:55 pm
Posted: Feb 23, 2009 9:25 pm
When planning last week's Where Did Sonic Go Wrong? feature, I asked fellow IGN editors about their take on Sonic's trajectory. Hilary Goldstein, editor-in-chief of IGN Xbox, linked Sonic's fortunes directly to SEGA's: "The real problem is that for many years, SEGA invested considerable resources into games that were critical hits but financial failures. SEGA chose to break up the teams that made Jet Set Radio, Panzer Dragoon Orta and Gunvalkyrie -- three of the best SEGA titles of the past generation -- and focus on products that made cash."
Remember that for a moment.
There is something deliciously rich about reading message board rants and blog missives that excoriate publishing giants like Activision and Electronic Arts for pushing a steady stream of sequels and franchise expansions into the marketplace. Gamers act as if they abhor such practices, but sales figures say something quite different. Last holiday season, EA released the innovative first-person free-runner Mirror's Edge as part of their stated effort to focus more on original, non-annual games. Guess how Mirror's Edge sold? It didn't even reach the top 20 in November, it's first month of release, typically the window where games make their biggest splash.
Nice moves, guys.
Is Mirror's Edge a perfect game? No. But it was an intense effort from EA to respond to concerns that videogames were turning into soulless commodities. Instead of rewarding EA's risk-taking, we all said "more please" to Call of Duty: World at War. That's not a slam against World at War, because it is a fine World War II shooter. But how many World War II shooters do we really need to play? Your dollars just told these publishers that you value refinements over revolutions.
But this is hardly a new phenomenon. The duplicitous nature of gamers once laid low an entire hardware maker by not supporting what they are now publicly demanding: SEGA.
The last hardcore gaming rig?
On September 9, 1999, SEGA released the Dreamcast in North America. The console was the culmination of four years of listening to complaints about the Saturn and responding with a feature set that met almost all of them. It wasn't just the addition of a modem for online play and the ease of programming to encourage greater third-party support, though, that made the Dreamcast such a special machine. The Dreamcast was SEGA's love letter to gamers that wanted fresh concepts and ideas.
The majority of gamers stamped it with "return to sender."
Samba! Sony's promises of "Toy Story" graphics for the PlayStation 2 (still waiting) blunted the Dreamcast's momentum and eventually forced SEGA into pulling the plug before it pulled the whole company under with it. The embrace of the PS2 is not a negative. The effect of the PS2's success on the videogame industry -- heck, the entire entertainment industry -- cannot be undersold.
But SEGA was trying to do something very clever with Dreamcast software like Samba de Amigo, Space Channel 5, ChuChu Rocket!, and Jet Grind Radio. Why did gamers largely turn their backs on this stuff? And does anybody see the crazy irony behind the lamentation of an over-reliance on franchises when great games like this now exist in the rear view mirror?
It wasn't always like this. There was a time in this industry when SEGA reigned supreme. SEGA's development studios were arcade kings due to such blistering hits like Space Harrier and After Burner. Their rule was extended by monsters like Daytona USA, Virtua Cop, and Virtua Fighter.
That success was not replicated at home right away. The Master System was a flea on the rear-end of Nintendo's elephant. Nevermind the amazing games for the Master System like the Phantasy Star and Alex Kidd in Miracle World. The NES cleaned the Master System's clock. The Genesis, on the other hand, was a big hit and ran neck and neck with the Super NES for sometime. Factors contributing to that success are legion, from Sonic the Hedgehog to the emergence of Madden. The accurate recreations of arcade hits like Altered Beast sure didn't hurt either. SEGA was starting to really show its chops with innovative home games during the Genesis' halcyon days, from ToeJam & Earl to Ecco the Dolphin. And SEGA was rewarded for those efforts.
Not so much with the Saturn, but that was a disaster of SEGA's own making. Two of SEGA's greatest achievements appeared on the Saturn -- Panzer Dragoon and NiGHTS -- but the console was so mishandled and mismanaged that you cannot fairly blame gamers for letting the Saturn wither on the shelf.
Panzer Dragoon Orta was pure escapism. No gangs. Just dragons.
But not the Dreamcast. And definitely not the first wave of SEGA's post-hardware games. After an initial outpouring of success with the Dreamcast, SEGA threw hardcore gamers a real party with such incredible new games like Jet Grind Radio and Samba de Amigo, as well as excellent arcade ports such as SEGA Rally and House of the Dead 2. The original Dreamcast titles were fresh ideas we had not seen before, especially something like Jet Grind Radio, which pioneered an entirely new art style for games that is still used today. How did we thank SEGA? By stepping over Shenmue on the way to pre-order SSX.
Remember the quote from Hilary that opened this editorial: "The real problem is that for many years, SEGA invested considerable resources into games that were critical hits but financial failures. SEGA chose to break up the teams that made Jet Set Radio, Panzer Dragoon Orta and Gunvalkyrie -- three of the best SEGA titles of the past generation -- and focus on products that made cash."
Thankfully, we don't have to play stuff like this anymore, right?
Hilary is dead right. SEGA did not see the death of the Dreamcast as a reason to stop weaving its magic and immediately set about crafting its unique brand of games for the surviving machines like the Xbox. But sales of those games certainly told them otherwise. We weren't interested no matter what system they appeared on. Take your flying dragon action game and stuff it up Sonic's cakehole. That gorgeous rocket-skating game with a bleeding edge soundtrack? Eat it. We're playing Tony Hawk's Pro Skateboarding 4! And then we're going to have the cojones to complain a few years later that -- boo hoo -- EA just keeps annualizing Need for Speed. (Side note: Those of you that ignored EA's Shox are jerks.)
I bring this up now specifically because of the economic climate. In 2001, there was an assumption that videogames were recession-proof. After the last six months of heartbreaking stories about studio closures, we know that's not true.
At DICE 2009, EA CEO John Riccitiello's stated his belief that the recession was a "blessing" for the industry. It would shake out C-level players that made C-level games. He also said EA would continue to invest in new ideas with games like Dante's Inferno and Dragon Age. Good on them. If they are great games, then the ball is definitely in our court.
Watch the teaser trailer for EA's upcoming Dante's Inferno.
The shrinking amount of discretionary dollars to spend on videogames puts us at a critical crossroads. They way we spend them right now could have very long-reaching effects on the games of the next ten years.
I implore you to consider the legacy of SEGA's business-driven abandonment of games like Jet Set Radio Future. The tanking of the Dreamcast cannot be avenged, but nor should it be forgotten. So, think about the ghost of Panzer Dragoon before you put down that copy of Dead Space and pick up the latest Guitar Hero. And before you curse Activision for ditching games like Brutal Legend, look down and make sure you don't have the blood of Gunvalkyrie on your hands. Because if you do, you lack the righteousness needed to rail against that decision.
Spend smartly. Spend like the possibility of a new Jet Set Radio depends on it.
ChuChu Rocket
iPhoneWirelessGame Boy AdvanceDreamcast
Why Batman's New Robin Is a Murderous SOB in The Brave and the Bold
16h ago - What to expect from the new Batman and Robin movie.
Batman: The Brave and the Bold
Joshua Yehl


The crawl process is essential to the Indexing side of SharePoint 2010 Search. Exploring the Search Service Application screens provides some insight to the configurable components that make up Search in SharePoint 2010, but you may actually have to dive deep into the system documentation and other resources to gain an understanding for the steps that occur within the subsystems, when SharePoint is instructed to crawl content.
One myth about SharePoint 2010 crawl process is that when content is crawled it never touches the file system of the Crawl Server and goes directly to Query Server...this isn't true. The way it works in environments that have crawler and query roles on separate servers is; a content index is built on the crawl server initially, but is moved in batches to the query server(s). The point when all batches have propogated to the query server, then it may appear as if there is no foot print on the Crawl server's file system...this is because all the batches have been moved up.
From a server topology perspective, Search requires three different server roles. These include Crawl Server, Query Server, and Database Server. Each of these roles plays a role in the crawl process. For scalability and availability, the architecture supports configurations that include one or many of each of the server roles. Determining the best topology is a balancing act of capacity requirements with available resources.


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Q: pop up date picker to set a date I want to make a pop-up date picker (DATE ONLY) when a user clicks on a button and set the selected date in my code.
NSDateComponents *comps = [[NSDateComponents alloc] init];
[comps setDay:8];
[comps setMonth:9];
[comps setYear:2018];
NSDate *earlier = [[NSCalendar currentCalendar] dateFromComponents:comps];

I can manually set a date by typing like this but I don't know how to set the date from the date picker. How do I do it?

A: What you need to do is

*

*Add NSDatePicker to your view and set the settings as needed in Storyboard.

*Connect the delegates and iboutlets.

*Then get and set the date as follows

NSDate *myDate = myDatePicker.dateValue; // get
myDatePicker.dateValue = myDate; // set

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
package org.datasyslab.geosparkviz.core;

import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
import org.apache.spark.api.java.JavaPairRDD;
import org.apache.spark.api.java.function.PairFunction;
import scala.Tuple2;

import java.awt.Graphics;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.util.Iterator;

// TODO: Auto-generated Javadoc

/**
 * The Class RasterOverlayOperator.
 */
public class RasterOverlayOperator
{

    /**
     * The back raster image.
     */
    public BufferedImage backRasterImage = null;

    /**
     * The distributed back raster image.
     */
    public JavaPairRDD<Integer, ImageSerializableWrapper> distributedBackRasterImage = null;

    /**
     * The generate distributed image.
     */
    public boolean generateDistributedImage = false;

    /**
     * The Constant logger.
     */
    final static Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(RasterOverlayOperator.class);

    /**
     * Instantiates a new raster overlay operator.
     *
     * @param backRasterImage the back raster image
     */
    public RasterOverlayOperator(BufferedImage backRasterImage)
    {
        this.backRasterImage = backRasterImage;
        this.generateDistributedImage = false;
    }

    /**
     * Instantiates a new raster overlay operator.
     *
     * @param distributedBackRasterImage the distributed back raster image
     */
    public RasterOverlayOperator(JavaPairRDD<Integer, ImageSerializableWrapper> distributedBackRasterImage)
    {
        this.distributedBackRasterImage = distributedBackRasterImage;
        this.generateDistributedImage = true;
    }

    /**
     * Join image.
     *
     * @param distributedFontImage the distributed font image
     * @return true, if successful
     * @throws Exception the exception
     */
    public boolean JoinImage(JavaPairRDD<Integer, ImageSerializableWrapper> distributedFontImage)
            throws Exception
    {
        logger.info("[GeoSparkViz][JoinImage][Start]");
        if (this.generateDistributedImage == false) {
            throw new Exception("[OverlayOperator][JoinImage] The back image is not distributed. Please don't use distributed format.");
        }
        this.distributedBackRasterImage = this.distributedBackRasterImage.cogroup(distributedFontImage).mapToPair(new PairFunction<Tuple2<Integer, Tuple2<Iterable<ImageSerializableWrapper>, Iterable<ImageSerializableWrapper>>>, Integer, ImageSerializableWrapper>()
        {
            @Override
            public Tuple2<Integer, ImageSerializableWrapper> call(
                    Tuple2<Integer, Tuple2<Iterable<ImageSerializableWrapper>, Iterable<ImageSerializableWrapper>>> imagePair)
                    throws Exception
            {
                int imagePartitionId = imagePair._1;
                Iterator<ImageSerializableWrapper> backImageIterator = imagePair._2._1.iterator();
                Iterator<ImageSerializableWrapper> frontImageIterator = imagePair._2._2.iterator();
                if (backImageIterator.hasNext() == false) {
                    throw new Exception("[OverlayOperator][JoinImage] The back image iterator didn't get any image partitions.");
                }
                if (frontImageIterator.hasNext() == false) {
                    throw new Exception("[OverlayOperator][JoinImage] The front image iterator didn't get any image partitions.");
                }
                BufferedImage backImage = backImageIterator.next().image;
                BufferedImage frontImage = frontImageIterator.next().image;
                if (backImage.getWidth() != frontImage.getWidth() || backImage.getHeight() != frontImage.getHeight()) {
                    throw new Exception("[OverlayOperator][JoinImage] The two given image don't have the same width or the same height.");
                }
                int w = Math.max(backImage.getWidth(), frontImage.getWidth());
                int h = Math.max(backImage.getHeight(), frontImage.getHeight());
                BufferedImage combinedImage = new BufferedImage(w, h, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_ARGB);
                Graphics graphics = combinedImage.getGraphics();
                graphics.drawImage(backImage, 0, 0, null);
                graphics.drawImage(frontImage, 0, 0, null);
                logger.info("[GeoSparkViz][JoinImage][Stop]");
                return new Tuple2<Integer, ImageSerializableWrapper>(imagePartitionId, new ImageSerializableWrapper(combinedImage));
            }
        });
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * Join image.
     *
     * @param frontRasterImage the front raster image
     * @return true, if successful
     * @throws Exception the exception
     */
    public boolean JoinImage(BufferedImage frontRasterImage)
            throws Exception
    {
        if (this.generateDistributedImage == true) {
            throw new Exception("[OverlayOperator][JoinImage] The back image is distributed. Please don't use centralized format.");
        }
        if (backRasterImage.getWidth() != frontRasterImage.getWidth() || backRasterImage.getHeight() != frontRasterImage.getHeight()) {
            throw new Exception("[OverlayOperator][JoinImage] The two given image don't have the same width or the same height.");
        }
        int w = Math.max(backRasterImage.getWidth(), frontRasterImage.getWidth());
        int h = Math.max(backRasterImage.getHeight(), frontRasterImage.getHeight());
        BufferedImage combinedImage = new BufferedImage(w, h, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_ARGB);
        Graphics graphics = combinedImage.getGraphics();
        graphics.drawImage(backRasterImage, 0, 0, null);
        graphics.drawImage(frontRasterImage, 0, 0, null);
        this.backRasterImage = combinedImage;
        return true;
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


The TPS will not contact you again in relation to your registration (unless you have number(s) registered with the Corporate TPS, where they will contact you annually by email to renew your subscription - this is still a free service).
If you do receive a call from someone claiming to be from the TPS or a similar sounding organisation, asking for personal information or charging you for this service, our advice is to not pay or give them any personal details, it is most likely a scam.
We are aware of a number of organisations that call from overseas, possibly India, claiming to be the TPS or affiliated with the TPS or BT. They ask for your credit card details to complete a registration to stop unwanted calls. They often claim that you previously gave your permission for this call. This is a scam. Never give out your credit card details over the phone.
- our advice is NOT to pay them.
Beware of Unregulated Companies Charging For Their Services!
There are other companies that are not necessarily scams but they are not the TPS. They usually claim to offer a similar or even an enhanced service to the TPS. This is not true.
They make exaggerated claims about the effectiveness of their service and may even suggest that the TPS does not work.
All of the above are commercial organisations, all of which charge consumers for a service that is unregulated.
TPS is the only official Opt Out service that companies are required to abide by under the UK law and that is regulated by Ofcom and enforced by the Information Commissioners Office (ICO).
These companies, whose goal is to generate revenue from a service already available free of charge, cannot offer you a better service than that offered to you for free by the official TPS run by the Direct Marketing Association (DMA).


View and Download Airwalk user manual online. Airwalk Scooter pdf manual download.
Are you trying to figure out why the lights on your hoverboard keep flashing? Diagnose what the. Hoverboard Parts: Repair Instructions and Customizations.
Calibrating your hoverboard is the first step in troubleshooting any problems you might be having. Hoverboard Parts: Repair Instructions and Customizations.
electric self-balancing scooter safely, and enjoy the fun that it will bring.. Please read the entire user manual, to learn important safety information, such as:.
Related Post "Airwalk Hoverboard Manual"


You can modify your search criteria and try again. Otherwise you can use our Auto Finder to be notified of new matches by email or call our sales team at (800) 313-9787 for help locating the perfect fit at!
Drive with standard confidence in the 2019 Ford Fusion. From the available rear spoiler to the distinctive grilles, the Fusion was designed to get you noticed. Plus, the comfort and style of the interior invite you to slip behind the available leather-wrapped steering wheel, dial the rotary gear shift into Drive and follow your own road. Think of the Fusion as your companion taking on the road with sophisticated exterior design. New grille designs like the chrome mesh on Titanium and a five-bar chrome deliver a sharp, finishing touch, so you can turn heads with confidence. Inside, the available cooled driver and passenger seats and an available heated steering wheel are comfort and convenience right where you need them, while the placement of the rotary gear shift dial opens up space in the center console for cup holders as well as storage. The Fusion features three stunning models and five different trims, plus three available EcoBoost engines 1.5L, the 2.0L and the 2.7L and intelligent all-wheel drive. The Fusion is filled with savvy tech, including SYNC 3, FordPass app access, SiriusXM radio and Apple CarPlay and Android Auto compatibility. It also offers a suite of safety features, including Ford Co-Pilot360, enhanced active park assist, pre-collision assist with automatic emergency braking and inflatable rear safety belts.
The 2019 Ford Escape is for those who live on the go. This capable SUV has versatile seating/cargo combinations and its engineered to deliver the performance your lifestyle requires. Youll find a 2.5L I-4 with intake variable cam design, a 1.5L turbocharged EcoBoost engine, or a 2.0L Twin-Scroll EcoBoost rated at 245hp. Handling control comes courtesy of standard AdvanceTrac with roll stability control, curve control and torque vectoring control. For added traction, theres the available intelligent 4-wheel drive system, and if you need to tow, the it provides a maximum tow rating of up to 3,500 lbs. You want to carry lots of cargo? No problem. The rear seats fold to provide up to 68 cu. ft. of cargo capacity or fold down either of the 60/40 split rear seat backs and still have room for a passenger. If youre carrying items such as luggage, leave both seat backs up and youll have 34 cu. ft. of cargo space. Accessing the rear of the vehicle is also a breeze, thanks to an available hands-free, foot-activated liftgate. And to help you while slowly backing up the vehicle, a rearview camera is standard, and a reverse sensing system is available. The Escape connects you to more than just the road, with technology features including available SYNC 3, SiriusXM radio, FordPass app access and Apple CarPlay and Android Auto compatibility. Youll also find a comprehensive suite of safety features such as a blind spot information system, adaptive cruise control, cross-traffic alert, lane keeping system, forward collision warning with break support and enhanced active park assist.


He suggests that this is part of a larger effort to ensure that the Palestinian youth continue to see Israelis as their enemies thereby ensuring fresh recruits for the militant wing of Hamas. A study, also reported by The New York Times in February, shows that then-Palestinian textbooks were less self-critical and included more negative depictions of their ethnic neighbors than Israeli textbooks. However, both described the other as an enemy.
Also absent from the new textbooks is any mention of the Oslo peace accords in 1993, which was the first face-to-face resolution between Israel and The Palestine Liberation Organization.
Is Hamas Really Using Civilians As Human Shields?


This entry was posted on Thursday, September 29th, 2011 at 8:12 pm and is filed under What's Happening?.	You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed. You can leave a response, or trackback from your own site.
Initially, many physicians may be excited about the thought of severing their ties with insurance companies once and for all, forgoing the piles of paperwork that go with einsurance contracts and patient billing as you begin a cash only medical practice. But while it is tempting to imagine a medical practice that accepts only cash, this type of niche medical practice is not feasible for every position or every location. Before you cease your contracts with insurance companies and open up a cash only medical practice, it is vital that every doctor complete research into this type of office. Most doctors also find that they will need to continue to accept insurance claims for some time while they make the transition to cash pay, and they may even need to work part-time in another medical practice or clinic in order to maintain their income while they build a cash only clientele.
I completely agree and lots of physicians actually do that. Amazing how an insurance company can get away with paying say $30.00 for a $100.00 visit!


text:
What Does Hiv Do To The Human Body
How Does Hiv Affect The Body
How HIV infects us: Mucous membranes, dendritic cells, and lymph nodes | Khan Academy
The human immune system involves many types of cells which guard against germs responsible for most diseases. The immune system's most important guard cells are B-cells and T-cells, which are special white blood cells. B-cells and T-cells cooperate to fight any germ that attacks the human body.
B-cells produce particular proteins, called antibodies, that try to neutralize the invading germ. After a person recovers from an infection, these antibodies continue to circulate in the bloodstream, acting as part of the immune system's "memory." Immune system memory explains why a person rarely suffers a second attack from an infectious disease such as measles. If the same germ is encountered again, the antibodies will recognize and neutralize it. T-cells attack the germ directly and try to kill it.
How Is Hiv Spread Through Sex
You can get infected from sexual contact with someone who has HIV. Sexual contact that can transmit HIV includes:
If you have sex, the best thing you can do to prevent HIV infection is practice "safer sex" with any partner who is not proven to be HIV negative . To do so, always use protection–this could include using a condom, dental dam, or other latex barrier, and/or . It is also important to avoid "rough sex" or other activities that might cause bleeding. If you use lube with a condom, make sure it is water-based, not oil-based. Oil-based lube causes latex condoms to break. See more ; note that, if used correctly and consistently, condoms also protect against other sexually transmitted infections and against pregnancy.
If you have unprotected sex with someone who is infected, it doesn't mean that you will be infected, too. But there is always a chance, especially if your partner is not on effective HIV medicines. Using condoms and PrEP reduces your risk.
HIV is NOT spread by:
hugging or massage
sex toys you don't share
daily living with someone who has HIV
For more information, see in the Daily Living section.
What Are Hiv And Aids
HIV is the virus that causes AIDS . HIV attacks the immune system by destroying specific white blood cells called CD4 positive T cells that are vital to fighting off infection. The resulting shortage of these cells leaves people infected with HIV vulnerable to other infections and diseases, and additional complications.
AIDS is the final stage of HIV infection. A person infected with HIV is diagnosed with AIDS when he or she has a dangerously low number of CD4+ T cells as well as one or more opportunistic infections, such as some types of pneumonia or tuberculosis, that do not typically affect people with healthy immune systems.
Although HIV infection and AIDS primarily affect the immune system, they also disturb the nervous system and can lead to a wide range of severe neurological disorders, particularly if HIV goes untreated and progresses to AIDS. Many of the most severe neurological conditions can be prevented with antiretroviral therapy. However, even individuals who receive this treatment can develop less severe neurological and cognitive difficulties.
Read Also: Can I Get Hiv From Spit
Can Hiv Pass From Mothers To Their Babies
Infection can pass from pregnant women living with HIV to their babies in the womb and during birth. Taking HIV medications during pregnancy and childbirth dramatically lowers the risk of a baby becoming infected with HIV.
After birth, transmission can occur through breast milk. The highest risk may be in the early months after birth. It is recommended that new mothers who are living with HIV formula-feed their babies rather than breast-feed.
If you are a woman living with HIV and you intend to become pregnant, or you find out that you have during your pregnancy, talk to your provider immediately about ways to minimize the chances that your baby will become infected, too.
How Is Hiv Spread From Person To Person
HIV can only be spread through specific activities. In the United States, the most common ways are:
Having vaginal or anal sex with someone who has HIV without using a condom or taking medicines to prevent or treat HIV. Anal sex is riskier than vaginal sex.
Sharing injection drug equipment , such as needles, with someone who has HIV.
Less common ways are:
From mother to child during pregnancy, birth, or breastfeeding. However, the use of HIV medicines and other strategies have helped lower the risk of mother-to-child transmission of HIV to 1% or less in the United States.
Getting stuck with an HIV-contaminated needle or other sharp object. This is a risk mainly for health care workers. The risk is very low.
HIV is spread only in extremely rare cases by:
Having oral sex. But in general, the chance that an HIV-negative person will get HIV from oral sex with an HIV-positive partner is extremely low.
Don't Miss: Does Cookie Johnson Have Hiv
How Long Does Hiv Survive Outside The Body
In general, the virus doesnât live long once itâs outside of a human body. Studies show that HIV grown in the lab, when placed on a surface, loses most of its ability to infect — 90% to 99% — within several hours. And the level of virus tested was much higher than whatâs found in bodily fluids. So contact with dried blood, semen, or other fluids poses little risk.
Tiny amounts of HIV have been found in saliva, poop, sweat, and tears. But research shows it poses little risk.
The virus canât survive in water, so you donât have to worry about swimming pools or hot tubs.
One study found HIV can live in used needles for over a month if the temperature and conditions are just right. That means sharing needles or syringes, like during drug use, raises your risk of infection.
Stages Of Hiv Infection
About a month after you get HIV, you might feel like you have the flu. This is the first stage, called primary or acute HIV infection. Symptoms include:
The next stage is called clinical latency, or chronic infection. You might have no symptoms, or only mild ones, for 10 years or more.
Without treatment, as HIV keeps multiplying inside your body, youâll move into the third stage, which is AIDS. A person who has HIV is diagnosed with AIDS when they have fewer than 200 CD4 cells per cubic millimeter of blood or when they get whatâs called an AIDS-defining condition.
AIDS-defining conditions are certain cancers and illnesses called opportunistic infections.
Recommended Reading: What Are The Symptoms Of Having Hiv
If You Already Have Hiv
If you are infected with HIV, you can greatly lower the risk of spreading the infection to your sex partner by starting treatment when your immune system is still healthy.
Experts recommend starting treatment as soon as you know you are infected.footnote 21
Studies have shown that early treatment greatly lowers the risk of spreading HIV to an uninfected partner.footnote 22, footnote 23
Your partner may also be able to take medicine to prevent getting infected.footnote 17 This is called pre-exposure prophylaxis .
Steps to avoid spreading HIV
Take antiretroviral medicines. Getting treated for HIV can help prevent the spread of HIV to people who are not infected.
Tell your sex partner or partners about your behaviour and whether you are HIV-positive.
Follow safer sex practices, such as using condoms.
Do not donate blood, plasma, semen, body organs, or body tissues.
Do not share personal items, such as toothbrushes, razors, or sex toys, that may be contaminated with blood, semen, or vaginal fluids.
The Science Of Hiv And Aids
How HIV/ AIDS Affects the Human Body
HIV stands for Human Immunodeficiency Virus, a pathogen that works by attacking the human immune system.
HIV specifically targets CD4 cells, the bodys principal defenders against infection, using them to make copies of themselves.
Antiretroviral drugs target specific stages of the HIV lifecycle to stop HIV from replicating.
Explore this page to find out more about , , and .;
HIV stands for Human Immunodeficiency Virus, a pathogen that works by attacking the human immune system. It belongs to a class of viruses called retroviruses and more specifically, a subgroup called lentiviruses, or viruses that cause disease slowly. 1
HIV cannot replicate on its own, so in order to make new copies of itself, it must infect cells of the human immune system, called CD4 cells. CD4 cells are white blood cells that play a central role in responding to infections in the body. 2
Over time, CD4 cells are killed by HIV and the bodys ability to recognise and fight some types of infection begins to decline. If HIV is not controlled by treatment, the loss of CD4 cells leads to the development of serious illnesses, or opportunistic infections. In people with normal CD4 cell levels, these infections would be recognised and cleared by the immune system. 3
Read Also: How Is Hiv Test Done
Respiratory And Cardiovascular Systems
HIV makes it hard to fight off respiratory problems such as the common cold and flu. In turn, an HIV-positive person may develop related infections, such as pneumonia.
Without treatment for HIV, advanced disease puts an HIV-positive person at an even greater risk for infectious complications, such as tuberculosis and a fungal infection called pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia .
PJP causes trouble breathing, cough, and fever.
The risk of lung cancer also increases with HIV. This is due to weakened lungs from numerous respiratory issues related to a weakened immune system.
According to available research , lung cancer is more prevalent among people with HIV compared to people without it.
People with HIV are more likely to develop high blood pressure. HIV also raises the risk of pulmonary arterial hypertension . PAH is a type of high blood pressure in the arteries that supply blood to the lungs. Over time, PAH will strain the heart and can lead to heart failure.
If a person has HIV with a low CD4 count, theyre also more susceptible to tuberculosis .
TB is an airborne bacterium that affects the lungs. Its a leading cause of death in people who have AIDS. Symptoms include chest pain and a bad cough that may contain blood or phlegm. The cough can linger for months.
Perceived Vs Documented Risk
A perceived risk is one that is based on belief rather than fact and persists despite the unlikeliness of the event ever occurring. By contrast, a documented risk is based on statistical evidence of something actually occurring. Where a perceived risk is about theory, a documented risk is about the fact.
With regards to HIV, the potential to infect does not translate into an actual risk unless the exposure satisfies four specific conditions:
There must be body fluids in which HIV can thrive. This includes semen, blood, vaginal fluid, and breast milk. HIV cannot thrive in parts of the body that have high acidity .
There must be a route by which HIV can enter the body. This includes sexual intercourse, shared needles, occupational exposure, or transmission from mother to child.
The virus must be able to reach vulnerable cells inside the body. This requires the rupture or deep penetration of the skin and/or the absorption of the virus through the mucosal tissues of the vagina or anus. Scrapes, abrasions, and skin prick do not offer the deep penetration needed for an infection to occur. HIV cannot pass through intact skin.
There must be sufficient quantities of virus in the body fluids. Saliva, sweat, and tears all either contain enzymes the inhibit HIV or have a pH hostile to HIV.
Unless all of these conditions are satisfied, an HIV infection simply cannot occur.
Recommended Reading: Can Hiv Be Transferred By Saliva
What Does The Virus Do
All viruses must infect living cells to reproduce. HIV takes over certain immune system cells that are supposed to defend the body. These cells are called CD4 cells, or T cells.
When HIV takes over a CD4 cell, it turns the cell into a virus factory. It forces the cell to produce thousands of copies of the virus. These copies then infect other CD4 cells. Infected cells don't work well and they die early. Over time, the loss of CD4 cells weakens the immune system, making it harder for the body to stay healthy.
Pop question: True or false: CD4 cells are cells in the body that fight HIV.
How Do You Get Or Transmit Hiv
You can only get HIV by coming into direct contact with certain body fluids from a person with HIV who has a detectable viral load. These fluids are:
Semen and pre-seminal fluid
Rectal fluids
Vaginal fluids
For transmission to occur, the HIV in these fluids must get into the bloodstream of an HIV-negative person through a mucous membrane ; open cuts or sores; or by direct injection.
People with HIV who take HIV medicine daily as prescribed and get and keep an undetectable viral load have effectively no risk of sexually transmitting HIV to their HIV-negative partners.
Don't Miss: How Can Hiv Be Cured
What Does Hiv Do To The Body
One of the effects of HIV on the human body is that it weakens the immune system and exposes the body to diseases and infections which it would normally fight off.
HIV stands for Human Immunodeficiency Virus and if left untreated can lead to AIDS which is fatal. There are different ways in which you can get HIV, namely unprotected sex with an infected partner, mother to child during birth, transfusion of infected blood, and the use of infected syringes. HIV can go undiagnosed for an extended period of time and you would probably have to do specific tests like ELISA and Western Blot for a conclusive diagnosis. These tests detect antibodies that the body makes when infected with HIV. A person infected with HIV may not show any visible symptoms of the infection and can appear healthy for years.
Donor Testing And Significance
In Germany, both HIV antibody and HIV NAT testing are mandatory.
2.3.1 HIV Antibody Testing
Initial testing of a donation is carried out with antibody screening test systems approved in Europe according to the German Medicinal Products Act in connection with the In Vitro Diagnostics Directive . Tests used in Germany recognise antibodies to all known HIV-1 groups and HIV-2. Reactive screening test results must be followed by a serologic confirmation test or a NAT assay. An additional second blood sample has to be investigated for confirmation of an HIV infection . Until the results are clarified, the donation is separated and should be preserved for additional investigations. The donor is deferred until the final results are available . According to current knowledge, the vast majority of reactive HIV antibody screening test results of blood donors are non-specific, i.e. false-positive, and have other causes, e.g., immune complexes in the specimen .
2.3.2 Detecting HIV RNA by NAT
The diagnostic window period, which is between 3 and 6 weeks for antibody screening tests, can be shortened by application of NAT. Depending on the level of viraemia, the sensitivity of the assay used and the infecting HIV, an infection can be detected as early as about 11 days post infection . The HIV NAT enables sensitive detection also of non-HIV-1 M:B. Reference materials for the detection of different HIV-1 genotypes are available .
Cost-Benefit Calculation
You May Like: How Much To Get Hiv Test
Infection And Infectious Diseases
HIV is able to enter the body via intact mucous membranes, eczematous or injured skin or mucosa and by parenteral inoculation. When transmitted by sexual contact, HIV attaches first to dendritic cells or macrophages/monocytes; HIV using CCR-5 as a co-receptor is then preferentially replicated . HIV is taken up by macrophages and replicated as shown for M cells in the mucosa . HIV exposure to blood cells can result in the direct infection of T helper cells and the transmission of R5 and X4 viruses . As mentioned above, 1 HID is equivalent to approximately 500-1,000 HIV particles, with a higher dose required for infection via mucous membranes compared to infection via the bloodstream, e.g. by needle stick injury. The majority of new HIV infections are still transmitted sexually. Another epidemiologically relevant route is parenteral administration of drugs and also snorting of drugs with epistaxis.
Transmission of HIV via blood or transplanted organs, including bone, is possible from about days 5-6 after infection of the donor. Mother-to-child transmission has been demonstrated from the 12th week of gestation, but transmission occurs predominantly in the final trimester and particularly shortly before or during birth . HIV can be transmitted via breast milk .
How Is Hiv Recognized
How Long Can HIV Virus Survive Outside Human Body?
Doctors use laboratory tests to confirm HIV infection. The Elisa and Western Blot analyses identify people who have been exposed to HIV. These tests determine if the blood contains particular antibodies that result from contact with the virus. They do not identify who among a group of infected individuals will develop the disease. The presence of antibodies or HIV markers means the person has been infected with HIV but no one can predict when and if they will get AIDS related symptoms.
Doctors diagnose AIDS by blood tests and the presence of specific illnesses such as pneumocystis carinii pneumonia or Kaposi's sarcoma. These diseases overcome the weakened immune system and are responsible for the high death rate among AIDS patients.
Recommended Reading: Does Hiv Medication Make You Gain Weight
How Long Can You Live With Hiv Without Knowing
How Is Hiv Different From Other Viruses
How Can Hiv Be Transmitted Through Saliva
What Is Hiv Ab Ag Test
How Long Does It Take To Test Positive For Hiv
Can You Get Hiv From Blood Transfusion

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
using NUnit.Framework;
using StructureMap.Configuration;
using StructureMap.Configuration.DSL;
using StructureMap.Graph;
using StructureMap.Source;
using StructureMap.Testing.Widget3;

namespace StructureMap.Testing.Configuration
{
    [TestFixture]
    public class NormalGraphBuilderTester
    {
        #region Setup/Teardown

        [SetUp]
        public void SetUp()
        {
        }

        #endregion

        [Test]
        public void AddAssembly_SadPath()
        {
            var builder = new GraphBuilder(new Registry[0]);
            builder.AddAssembly("something");

            builder.PluginGraph.Log.AssertHasError(101);
        }

        [Test]
        public void Call_the_action_on_configure_family_if_the_pluginType_is_found()
        {
            var typePath = new TypePath(typeof (IGateway));

            bool iWasCalled = false;
            var builder = new GraphBuilder(new Registry[0]);
            builder.ConfigureFamily(typePath, f =>
            {
                Assert.AreEqual(typeof (IGateway), f.PluginType);
                iWasCalled = true;
            });

            Assert.IsTrue(iWasCalled);
        }

        [Test]
        public void Configure_a_family_that_does_not_exist_and_log_an_error_with_PluginGraph()
        {
            var builder = new GraphBuilder(new Registry[0]);
            builder.ConfigureFamily(new TypePath("a,a"), delegate { });

            builder.PluginGraph.Log.AssertHasError(103);
        }

        [Test]
        public void Create_system_object_successfully_and_call_the_requested_action()
        {
            var memento = new MemoryInstanceMemento("XmlFile", "anything");
            memento.SetProperty("FilePath", "something");
            memento.SetProperty("XPath", "nodeName");
            memento.SetProperty("NodeName", "something");

            bool iWasCalled = false;

            var builder = new GraphBuilder(new Registry[0]);
            builder.WithSystemObject<MementoSource>(memento, "some xml", policy =>
            {
                Assert.IsInstanceOfType(typeof (XmlFileMementoSource), policy);
                iWasCalled = true;
            });

            Assert.IsTrue(iWasCalled);
        }

        [Test]
        public void Do_not_call_the_action_on_ConfigureFamily_if_the_type_path_blows_up()
        {
            var builder = new GraphBuilder(new Registry[0]);
            builder.ConfigureFamily(new TypePath("a,a"), obj => Assert.Fail("Should not be called"));
        }

        [Test]
        public void Do_not_try_to_execute_the_action_when_requested_system_object_if_it_cannot_be_created()
        {
            var memento = new MemoryInstanceMemento();
            var builder = new GraphBuilder(new Registry[0]);

            builder.WithSystemObject<MementoSource>(memento, "I am going to break here",
                                                    delegate { Assert.Fail("Wasn't supposed to be called"); });
        }

        [Test]
        public void Log_an_error_for_a_requested_system_object_if_it_cannot_be_created()
        {
            var memento = new MemoryInstanceMemento();
            var builder = new GraphBuilder(new Registry[0]);

            builder.WithSystemObject<MementoSource>(memento, "I am going to break here", delegate { });

            builder.PluginGraph.Log.AssertHasError(130);
        }

        [Test]
        public void WithType_calls_through_to_the_Action_if_the_type_can_be_found()
        {
            var builder = new GraphBuilder(new Registry[0]);
            bool iWasCalled = true;

            builder.WithType(new TypePath(GetType()), "creating a Plugin", t =>
            {
                iWasCalled = true;
                Assert.AreEqual(GetType(), t);
            });

            Assert.IsTrue(iWasCalled);
        }

        [Test]
        public void WithType_fails_and_logs_error_with_the_context()
        {
            var builder = new GraphBuilder(new Registry[0]);
            builder.WithType(new TypePath("a,a"), "creating a Plugin", obj => Assert.Fail("Should not be called"));

            builder.PluginGraph.Log.AssertHasError(131);
        }
    }
}


Crate training is something that all dog owners are likely to need at some point in a dog's life. At Cats, Dogs & Peace of Mind we can build it into how we help you look after your dogs while you're away, or simply too busy!
It's not something that everyone agrees with but when employed properly, crate training can be an effective tool for managing a dog's behaviour for at least a limited time. They are helpful from short-term training and management, plus they give a dog somewhere to call their own space – a permanent retreat to go to when they want to sleep or just want some time out on their own.
To transport your dog between places.
Crates should only be used for safety. They should never ever be used as a form of punishment. How long a dog is crated is very much dependent on age, size and level of anxiety.
Dogs that suffer from separation anxiety should not be crated. They may become manic, putting themselves at risk. Older dogs should not need crating as they have hopefully been trained.
Large, active dogs may find it difficult to adjust to being in a crate, not least because they require more room in which to manoeuvre themselves. There are dogs that respond very well to being crate-trained, but there are others who are happier with more gradual introduction to the crate.
First you need to choose the ideal crate. Our rule of thumb is the bigger the better bearing in mind the dog's size. Once you have made your choice, bring it home and ensure it is as cosy and comfortable as it can be. Begin the training by leaving the door open and allowing the puppy chance to explore it as it sees fit.
Don't be shy about hiding tasty treats inside for your pup to discover, and place a soft blanket for your dog to snuggle into. Start introducing consistent cues to encourage your dog into the crate. For example, you could simply say 'bed!' and toss a treat inside for your puppy to chase.
Once your dog is inside enjoying the tasty morsel, slowly close the door and wait a short while. Before you let your dog out again, use another treat as a reward. This aim is to condition the dog to expect nice things when they go into the crate.
When you do open the door, avoid any display of emotion and don't reward your dog just for coming out.
At feeding time, place the bowl of food inside the crate as far back as you can reach and gradually move back. The door can be left open for the first few times, until your dog appears comfortable eating in the crate. When you feel happy this is the case, close the door. Over time increase the time the door is closed until your dog is no longer phased being inside for a few minutes.
It is important to note that a dog should not be confined to a crate for much longer than two or three hours at a time – especially while you are crate-training a puppy. When you work all day, it's unfair to expect a dog to remain crated from when you leave to when you return.
Ideally, your dog needs to be released as often as possible – if it's feasible every hour or so would be perfect.
This can be discussed as part of the bespoke programme we would put together for looking after your dog when you book the services of Cats, Dogs & Peace of Mind.
Some dog owners opt to use a play-pen instead of a crate, as this can afford more space in which, especially larger dogs, can feel comfortable.
It's not good for dogs to be left for long stretches as it can lead to them developing behavioural problems. If they are in a crate they may well come to associate the crate with negative experiences, making them very reluctant to use it.
The crate needs to be as inviting as it can possibly be. Place a bowl of water inside. Some owners choose to place an Adaptil diffuser close by in the room to reinforce feelings of calm and security. The crate needs to be chew-resistant, unlikely to pose a choking hazard, and should have a comfortable inner lining.
Your dog's favourite toys can be put inside, and it's a good idea to have one special treat that only appears when the crate is in use. In your dog's mind this will reinforce the idea that the crate brings rewards.
The crate needs to be the right size. If it's too small your dog is going to be cramped and uncomfortable. The only downside of a crate being considered too big is that it could encourage your dog to keep one side for sleeping and the other for littering.
A good benchmark for the best crate size is if your dog is able to sit, stand and turn inside.
When you choose where the crate should be sited, it needs to be away from direct sunlight or draughts.
Don't be in too much of a hurry when trying crate training. When your dog shows signs of stress, like crying or kicking up a fuss, you are probably introducing the idea of the closed crate too soon.
Take it easy when training your puppy. Try to pick up on any stress or feeling of discomfort. When done properly, your dog should learn to love the crate and he or she will go there by itself. Over time, the aim is for you to be able to leave and run errands while your dog is at home and the crate is left open so the animal can come and go as it pleases!
If you have any useful tips for your dog, please share them by leaving a comment below.
If you would like to discuss how Cats, Dogs & Peace of Mind can help you look after your dog while you are away or simply too busy, please don't hesitate to make contact.


text:
An Interview with Education Officer Sonja Price
Home 2021 November An Interview with Education Officer Sonja Price
8th November 2021 9th November 2021 , Authors, 0
We are delighted to welcome Sonja Price, the RNA's Education Officer, to the blog. Sonja, first of all, congratulations on your appointment to the committee! What attracted you to the Education Officer role?
When browsing the RNA newsletter one morning, the role jumped out at me as something I could do as both a novelist and a university teacher. I'm involved in course structuring and teaching in my day job at a university in Germany. I used to live there, and they kept me on when I moved back to England. Teaching Creative Writing and writing itself feeds into each other and it always surprises me how much talent there is out there. As a full member of the RNA after graduating from the NWS, I thought I could look at the work from both sides and hopefully offer the right mixture for all kinds of writers.
As a graduate of the New Writers' Scheme (and a Joan Hessayon Award nominee), what role did the RNA have in your development as a writer?
The RNA believed in me! The reader's report was very encouraging and contained useful advice regarding the romance in my book. After careful consideration, I sent my revised manuscript off yet again to another round of agents and promptly received an offer of representation from Jane Conway-Gordon
.
Can you tell us a little about your journey to publication?
I was sitting next to an artist at a dinner party, and she asked me what I did. I said that besides teaching I wrote secretly. I think so many of us do in the beginning. She urged me to show someone my work and it snowballed from there. I entered the Mslexia First Novel competition. Getting longlisted gave me the confidence to approach agents at all. At least a dozen requested my full manuscript, which wasn't bad but when none of them went the whole way, I approached a literary consultancy who recommended the NWS. And the rest is history!
What was the inspiration for your first novel, The Giants Look Down?
On the way to work, I was listening to a report on the Vale of Kashmir. With the Himalayas, a string of lakes and fertile farmland, it could be a kind of paradise were it not for the earthquakes and the wars fought over it by India and Pakistan. My imagination took flight. What would the life of a Hindu girl look like if she grew up wanting to be a doctor like her father in this predominantly Muslim region in the 1960s? What would happen if she eventually had to choose between love and her calling? I must admit that I've never been to Kashmir but my agent, who is very familiar with the area, said it sounded authentic. No one said otherwise, not even the Indians who checked my story. You can do so much research-wise these days. I had to be very sensitive about the political tensions of the region, though, and answered some very critical questions put to me by a journalist when it was finally published. But I explained that writers go where their imagination takes them and they used that as the title for a substantial article!
What does your writing day look like? Do you write early in the morning or late at night? Do you go out to a coffee shop, or do you have a writing space in your house? Do you have to juggle writing with other obligations, and if so, how do you make it work?
Well, I've just moved to the seaside and am lucky enough to have a room of my own to work in. Writing at home is best for me as there's less distraction. I write early in the morning when I'm fresh and full of energy, but I do have to juggle my writing with my teaching in Germany. That has been made much easier though by the fact that I can teach remotely instead of flying over once a month.
How many drafts do you usually go through before a project's complete? What does your revision process look like?
Far too many! But writing the first draft is the hardest bit. Yet over time, I've got to enjoy the rewriting and editing process more and more. It's satisfying to work on something that's already down on paper. Mind you, chocolate biscuits and the odd glass of Chardonnay help!
What writing projects are you working on now?
I'm working on two books. One is set in the Canadian Wilds. I love writing about the exotic from the confines of my study and yes, you've guessed it, I've never been there either. The other is set in Devon, inspired by my new home. We'll see which wins out first.
You recently taught a course for the RNA — Honing Your Craft: Which Aspects of Your Writing are a Breeze and Which a Challenge? What was that experience like?
Interacting with fellow writers is always rewarding. The difficulty lay in the heterogeneity of the group. Some had written quite a few books and were published, and others were new to the game. The seasoned writers were very generous with their advice and the newcomers were ever surprising in the extracts they gave in. The course gave us all an opportunity to talk about tricky aspects of our writing and how we deal with them; secure space to discuss what works and what doesn't.
What advice do you have for emerging authors who want to improve their craft?
Grow a thick skin. Being talented is important but it's often tenacity that beats the publishing odds.
What advice do you have for seasoned authors who are thinking about someday teaching a course as an RNA Learning tutor?
Develop an angle of your writing into a course that others would benefit from. Something that is characteristic of your writing, or the marketing process. Don't be put off by the technical side of remote teaching. We'll help you with that if you have trouble.
Website: sonja-price.com
Sonja was talking to Victoria Chatfield.
Victoria Chatfield originally hails from New York where she worked as a social media manager in the fashion industry. While she started out as a ghostwriter for magazine editors, she's now a member of the NWS, writing romantic suspense and psychological thrillers. (She loves the really bad boys.) Find her on Facebook and Twitter at @vavazquezwrites.
An Escape to Provence by Sophie Claire
25th July 2022 25th July 2022 , Authors, New Releases, 0
We are delighted that you could join us to talk about your new release. Could you tell us a...
Kate Ryder: Summer in a Cornish Cove
25th June 2018 22nd June 2018 , Authors, Writing, 0
Today we welcome recent NWS graduate, Kate Ryder, to the blog talking about her debut novel, Summer in a...
JL Merrow: Redeeming a Rotter
24th October 2018 23rd October 2018 , Authors, Rainbow romance, Writing, 0
Today, I am delighted to welcome JL Merrow to the blog talking about her latest novel, Love at First...
Liam Livings: writing, publishing and promoting
14th November 2018 12th November 2018 , Authors, Rainbow romance, Writing, 0
Today, we're delighted to welcome Liam Livings to the blog. Hello Liam – would you like to start by...
An Interview with Library Liaison Officer Laura E. James
We are delighted to welcome Laura E. James, the RNA's Library Liaison Officer (LLO) and Industry Awards Organiser (IAO),...
Joan Hessayon Award contenders 2018: Sue McDonagh
4th May 2018 28th March 2018 , Authors, Awards, Writing, 0
We are delighted to introduce you to the seventeen authors contending for the coveted Joan Hessayon Award in 2018....
Joan Hessayon Award contenders 2018: Zoe May
20th April 2018 4th April 2018 , Authors, Awards, Writing, 0
Jane Godman: It's All in My Head – Writing as Therapy
26th February 2018 1st March 2018 , Authors, Writing, 0
Today we welcome Jane Godman to the blog, talking about writing with a life-altering condition. Jane is a multi-published...
An Interview with Library Liaison Officer Laura E. JamesAsk an Industry Expert: Alice Lutyens


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text:
Павел Оскарович Корган (14 марта 1925 ― 23 ноября 2006) ― советский и российский педагог, основатель и первый директор школы №17 с углубленным изучением английского и финского языков города Петрозаводска (1967-1996), заслуженный учитель школы Карельской АССР (1974), почётный гражданин города Петрозаводска (1997).

Биография
Павел Оскарович Корган родился 14 марта 1925 года в США, в городе Ханкок, штат Мичиган. Его отец Оскар Корган (Oscar Corgan) был иммигрантом из Финляндии. В 1920 году вступил в Коммунистическую партию США. Последние два года в Америке семья Корганов жила в Нью-Йорке, где Оскар возглавлял работу Комитета технической помощи Карелии, занимавшегося вербовкой рабочей силы и сбором технических средств в советскую Карелию. В начале 1930-х годов произошел массовый исход нескольких тысяч североамериканских финнов под влиянием коммунистов в Республику Карелия в Советском Союзе, в ответ на призыв правительства Карелии о наборе квалифицированных рабочих для помощи в построении социализма в России. Это было в годы Великой депрессии в США, поэтому этот призыв понравился многим. Оскар Корган и Матти Тенхунен работали в качестве оплачиваемых рекрутеров, чтобы ускорить эту эмиграцию. В 1934 году семья Коргана переехала в СССР в город Петрозаводск. 4 ноября 1937 года его отца арестовали  в Калевале посреди ночи, он подвергся репрессиям и был расстрелян через два месяца после ареста. Был реабилитирован в 1956 году. После расстрела отца его дети Мейми и Паули (Павел) были депортированы и помещены в трудовые лагеря.

В 1941 году Павел завершил обучение в Пайской 7-летней школе и начал свою трудовую деятельность в Пайском механизированном лесопункте. С 1942 по 1946 годы работал на строительстве металлургического комбината в Челябинске, направлен на объект по трудмобилизации.

После войны вернулся в Петрозаводск и продолжил обучение в вечерней школе. В 1950 году успешно сдал экзамены и поступил на физико-математический факультет Карело-финского государственного университета, ныне Петрозаводский государственный университет. В 1955 году завершил обучение в нём.

Педагогическую работу начал в 1952 году, будучи ещё студентом. Стал работать в школах Карелии, среди которых были и школа рабочей молодёжи, и Лахденпохская средняя школа. В 1955 году стал работать учителем физики, а позже был назначен директором средней школы № 2 в городе Лахденпохья.

В 1959 году принято решение перевести способного педагога работать в город Петрозаводск. Занял должность инспектора отдела школ Министерства просвещения Карельской АССР. В 1963 году назначен на должность директора школы № 40. Принял участие в основании школы № 17 с углубленным изучением английского и финского языков. С 1967 по 1996 годы был её первым бессменным директором. Были налажены международные связи по программе обмена учениками со школами США и Финляндией. В 2008 году этой школе присвоено имя Павла Оскаровича Коргана.

С 1965 года и на протяжении 22 лет Корган избирался депутатом Петрозаводского городского Совета депутатов трудящихся, являлся председателем постоянной комиссии по народному образованию. Неоднократно награждался государственными наградами СССР и Российской Федерации.

Решением Петрозаводского городского Совета от 27 мая 1997 года за большой личный вклад в развитие образования удостоен звания "Почётный гражданин города Петрозаводска".

Проживал в городе Петрозаводске. Умер 23 ноября 2006 года.

Награды и звания
 Орден Октябрьской Революции (1981),
 Орден Трудового Красного Знамени» (1971),
 Орден Дружбы (Россия) (1995)
 Медаль «В ознаменование 100-летия со дня рождения Владимира Ильича Ленина» (1970).
 Заслуженный учитель Карельской АССР (1974).
 другими медалями

 Почётный гражданин города Петрозаводска (27.05.1997)

Память
 В 2008 году школа № 17 города Петрозаводска стала именоваться именем Павла Оскаровича Коргана.

 Переводчица Галина Усова в автобиографическом сборнике повестей и рассказов «Повесть о первой ненависти» вспоминает работу с Павлом Корганом в Лахденпохье (учителя физики Павел Оскарович из повести «Дно залива» и Оскар Георгиевич из рассказа «"Декамерон" в Берёзовке»): «Был он человеком весёлым и общительным, к тому же холостым, и молоденькие незамужние учительницы так и вились вокруг него, наперебой приглашая на свои дни рождения и другие сборища, а то и напрашивались сделать у него в комнате уборку или постирать ему белье. Физик с явным удовольствием праздничные сборища посещал и был украшением общества, а также не отказывался ни от уборки, ни от постирушек, но пока что не был замечен в том, чтобы отдавать кому-то предпочтение. <…> Она сразу поняла, что дорога не будет грустной, когда увидела на платформе знакомую широкоплечую фигуру, и ей радостно улыбнулся Оскар Георгиевич, обнажая свои великолепные белые зубы и приветственно помахав рукой в тяжелой кожаной рукавице».

Семья

Его сестра Мейми Оскаровна (Осиповна) Севандер (Корган) (Meimi Sevander, род. 23 июля 1923 года, Brule - 22 апреля 2003 года, Умео) - доцент, организатор и первый декан факультета иностранных языков, заведующая кафедрой английского языка Карельской государственной педагогической академии. Заслуженный учитель школы Карельской АССР. Почётный гражданин побратима Петрозаводска города Дулута (штат Минесота, США). Окончила английское отделение Карело-Финского учительского института, работала учителем в школах, директором школы №25. Автор многочисленных учебников, статей и методических пособий. Активно создавала факультет иностранных языков Карельского государственного педагогического института, 20 лет занимала должность декана, воспитала несколько поколений специалистов в области английского языка. В 1992 году переехала в Висконсин, США. Она является автором нескольких книг о судьбах американских финнов, эмигрировавших в Советский Союз, в частности книги «Они забрали моего отца».

Мужем Мейми был Милтон Севандер, работал в симфоническом оркестре Карельского радио и телевидения, был в нём первым тромбоном, они поженились в 1948 году. У них родилась дочь, Стелла Севандер, преподаватель кафедры языковых исследований университета Умео.

Примечания

Литература
 Терентьева, Е. П. Корган Павел Оскарович / Н. П. Терентьева // Карелия: энциклопедия. В 3 т. Т. 2. К–П. – Петрозаводск, 2009. – С. 94.
 Свинцов, Д. Прийти и не сдаваться : [о педагоге Павле Оскаровиче Коргане] / Дмитрий Свинцов // Петрозаводск. – 2005. – 10 марта (№ 10). – С. 7.
 Олюшкин, К. Директор школы Павел Корган / К. Олюшкин // Лицей. – 1995. – № 9. – С. 9.
 Корган Павел Оскарович // Петрозаводск : библиогр. указ. лит. – Петрозаводск, 2003. – С. 24.

Ссылки
 Корган Павел Оскарович
 Биография Коргана П.О.

Депутаты Петрозаводского городского совета
Выпускники ПетрГУ
Почётные граждане Петрозаводска

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Come and join us on the last Friday of the month for our Uke Social meeting and get your fix of fun and music making. This meeting is where members of all levels can come together to learn in an ensemble format. While we'll be concentrating on our material from the month there will also be time for learning new tunes and jamming together. If you are not a member and would like to come by, email ukuleleinspired@gmail.com and we can send over the material we are working on for the month.