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Als RBDe 4/4 wurden die Triebwagen der Schweizerischen Bundesbahnen (SBB) bezeichnet, die ab 1984 für die als Neuer Pendelzug (NPZ) bezeichneten Regionalzugskompositionen angeschafft wurden. Sie tragen seit 1990 die Baureihenbezeichnung RBDe 560 sowie, im Fall der daraus hervorgegangenen Unterbauarten, RBDe 561 und RBDe 562. Sie werden von den Schweizerischen Bundesbahnen im Regionalverkehr eingesetzt. Die an Privatbahnen gelieferten Triebwagen wurden ursprünglich als RBDe 566 bzw. RBDe 568 bezeichnet.

Die meisten von 1987 bis 1996 gebauten Fahrzeuge RBDe 560, 561 und 568 durchliefen 2008 bis 2013 ein Komplett-Modernisierungsprogramm. Aus aufgearbeiteten Trieb- und Steuerwagen sowie neu beschafften Zwischenwagen entstanden Regionalverkehrs-Kompositionen mit der Bezeichnung «Domino». Die Triebwagen werden dabei einheitlich als RBDe 560 (94 85 7 560 XXX-X) bezeichnet. Nicht umgebaut wurden die technisch abweichenden Fahrzeuge, dazu zählen die vier Prototypen, die durch die Mittelthurgaubahn (MThB) beschafften Züge und die  Zweifrequenzfahrzeuge (RBDe 562).

Gemeinsame Merkmale

1984 wurden vier Prototypen dieses Triebwagens zusammen mit den passenden Steuerwagen (Bt), welche 1981 bestellt worden sind, damals noch unter der ursprünglichen Bezeichnung RBDe 4/4 mit den Nummern 2100–2103, ausgeliefert. Anschliessend wurden 80 Serienfahrzeuge (Triebwagen und Steuerwagen) bestellt, denen wenige Jahre später eine Nachbestellung über weitere 42 Fahrzeuge folgte. Hinzu kamen sechs über die SBB bestellte Fahrzeuge (PBr 568, MThB 566) und sechs Anschlussbestellungen (SOB 566, Montafonerbahn), wodurch insgesamt 134 Seriengarnituren gebaut wurden – die letzte lief 1996 vom Band.

Die Kompositionen mit den RBDe 560-Triebwagen und den dazugehörenden Steuerwagen wurden unter dem Projektnamen «Neuer Pendelzug» beschafft, was ihnen schliesslich das Akronym NPZ als Übernamen einbrachte. Aus Kostengründen wurde auf die Beschaffung neuer Zwischenwagen verzichtet, verwendet werden stattdessen umgebaute Einheitswagen (EW I und EW II).

Die Triebwagen haben eine Leistung von 1650 kW, eine Höchstgeschwindigkeit von 140 km/h, ein Gewicht von 70 t und sind 25 m lang. Sie können in Vielfachsteuerung verkehren. Die NPZ (560 000–083 und 560 100–141) bilden mit 126 Fahrzeugen die bisher grösste Serie an Regionalverkehrstriebwagen der SBB.

Fast alle RBDe 560 haben einen Namen. Sie bekamen meistens die Namen wie auch die Wappen von kleineren Ortschaften entlang der Strecken, an denen die NPZ verkehren.

Farbgebung
Alle vier Prototyp-Kompositionen wurden in unterschiedlichen Farbschemata abgeliefert, darunter auch die bei den Serienfahrzeugen angewandte Farbgebung (Wagenkasten weiss und blau, Türen gelb und Stirnseiten in roter Warnfarbe). Diese im Vergleich zur bisherigen grünen Farbgebung auffallende Buntheit führte zum Spitznamen «Kolibri».

Dieses Farbschema war bis zur «Domino»-Modernisierung in Gebrauch. Bei der letzten Nachbau-Serie (RBDe 560 100 ff.) wurde das bisher kurz vor dem Führerstand endende blaue Fensterband bis ganz zum Führerstand hin verlängert. Zudem wurden zahlreiche Fahrzeuge mit Aufklebern von S-Bahn-Systemen ergänzt (S-Bahn Basel, S-Bahn Bern, Ostwind, Réseau express vaudois etc.). Die Kleber werden jeweils an der Seitenwand beim Führerstand angebracht.

Bei den im Tessin als TILO («Ferrovia Ticino–Lombardia») verkehrenden Triebwagen wurden die üblichen SBB-Logos entfernt und die Aufschrift «TILO» oberhalb der Fenster angebracht. Die Logos von SBB und Trenitalia – den Besitzern der TILO – sind dagegen nur im Kleinformat angebracht.

Für den Glarner Sprinter wurden die zwei Triebwagen 560 120 und 560 123 mit passenden Aufklebern neben dem SBB-Logo und einer Sonderbemalung im Führerstandsbereich ergänzt.

16 NPZ-Garnituren sind inzwischen an Regionalps verkauft worden.

Der RBDe 560 131 und der zugehörige Bt 29-35 931 erhielten einen Spezialanstrich «Train des Vignes» und Haltanforderungstasten für Halte auf Verlangen. Der Zug wird seit Ablieferung zwischen Vevey und Puidoux-Chexbres eingesetzt. Bei Revisionen kann er durch RBDe 560 132 und Bt 29-35 932 ersetzt werden, die ebenfalls mit Haltanforderung ausgerüstet sind, aber im normalen «Kolibrianstrich» verkehren.

Für die vier NPZ-Prototypen, die nicht in das Modernisierungsprogramm einbezogen werden, fanden die SBB 2007/2008 verschiedene Abnehmer: zwei gingen an die Montafonerbahn (MBS), die Prototyp-Garnitur 560 000 ging mit Steuerwagen und einem EW-I-Mittelwagen an die Oensingen-Balsthal-Bahn (OeBB) und wurde mit deren Logo versehen. Die letzte Garnitur ging Ende 2008 an die  Chemins de fer du Jura (CJ), die sie nach dem eigenen Farbschema umlackierte.

Baureihen

RBDe 561

Im Jahre 2003 wurden kurzfristig sechs RBDe 560 (105, 127–128, 133–135) zu deutschlandtauglichen RBDe 561 (000–005) umgebaut, so dass sie von der SBB GmbH auf der Wiesentalbahn genutzt werden konnten. Ebenfalls angepasst wurden sechs zugehörige NPZ-Steuerwagen Bt 29-35 960–965 sowie zwölf Personenwagen (sechs  AB, sechs B), woraus sechs vierteilige Garnituren gebildet wurden.

Abgeändert wurden an den Trieb- und Steuerwagen die Einstiegstüren, die analog zu den RBDe 562 im unteren Bereich eingezogen wurden. Neu eingebaut wurden unter anderem das deutsche Zugfunkgerät ZF 90 und die Zugsicherung Indusi, zudem wurde der Stromabnehmer gegen ein Modell mit breiter, «deutscher» Wippe (1950 mm) ausgewechselt.

Mit Ablieferung der deutschlandtauglichen RABe 521 (Stadler Flirt) – von denen zehn Stück für den Betrieb der Wiesentalbahn und der Gartenbahn bestimmt sind – wurden die sechs NPZ-Garnituren per Mai 2006 wieder zur Schweizer Seite der Regio-S-Bahn Basel abgezogen. Die Triebwagen haben wieder Stromabnehmer mit 1450-mm-Wippe erhalten und verkehren unter Beibehaltung ihrer Umbaunummern wieder als konventionelle RBDe 560.

Die sechs «Wiesental-NPZ» (Trieb- und Steuerwagen) wurden ins Modernisierungsprogramm «Domino» einbezogen; dabei behielten sie die markanten, abgeänderten Türen. Sie tragen die höchsten Nummern der beiden Serien (RBDe 298–303, ABt 895–900).

RBDe 562

Sechs RBDe 560 (136–141) wurden bereits ein knappes Jahr nach Ablieferung, Anfang 1997, für den grenzüberschreitenden Verkehr auf der «Grünen Line» der Regio-S-Bahn Basel, zwischen Basel SBB und Mülhausen zu Zweifrequenzfahrzeugen umgebaut. Diese frankreichtauglichen Fahrzeuge erhielten die Bezeichnung RBDe 562 (000–005) und können ausser unter 15'000 V / 16,7 Hz (SBB) auch unter 25'000 V / 50 Hz (SNCF) betrieben werden. Des Weiteren sind aus Profilgründen die Einstiegstüren den französischen Perronhöhen angepasst worden.

Angepasst wurden zudem sechs zugehörige NPZ-Steuerwagen Bt 29-35 950–955 sowie 21 Personenwagen (sieben AB, zwölf B), woraus abzüglich eines AB-Reservewagens sechs fünfteilige Garnituren gebildet wurden.

Die sechs «Mulhouse-NPZ» (Trieb- und Steuerwagen) wurden nicht modernisiert, da der Umbau zu «Domino»-Zügen eine komplette Neuzulassung erforderlich gemacht hätte.

Zwischenzeitlich wurden der Steuerwagen 29-35 950 und der Triebwagen 562 002 abgebrochen. Sie waren in die Kollision zwischen zwei Zügen in Granges-près-Marnand am 29. Juli 2013 verwickelt. Dabei wurde ein Lokführer getötet.

Die Züge verkehrten seit dem Fahrplanwechsel 2012 unter anderem als Regio Express-Züge von Neuchâtel nach Frasne (Funktion als TGV-Zubringer), Zeitweise auf der Linie Neuchâtel – Biel/Bienne als Regio sowie auf der Linie Genf – La Plaine als Zusatz S-Bahnen sowie als Ersatzzug. Am 24. Dezember 2019 verkehrte letztmals eine Komposition als RE Neuchâtel – Frasne. Grund dafür ist, dass die Züge per 31. Dezember 2019 ihre Zulassung verloren haben, da sie nach dem Umbau nie nachgerüstet wurden und ihnen eine zweikanalige Rückstellung der Sicherheitssteuerung fehlt. Alle Trieb- und Steuerwagen wurden in mehreren Tranchen nach Zürich Altstetten und Olten überführt, wo sie als Ersatzteilspender für die Domino-Flotte dienten. Im November und Dezember 2020 wurden die letzten drei Triebwagen nach Kaiseraugst zum Abbruch überführt.

MThB RBDe 566, später SBB RBDe 561

Für den Betrieb des Seehas-Nahverkehrs konnte sich die Mittelthurgaubahn (MThB) 1993 kurzfristig mit der SBB auf die Übernahme von vier NPZ-Garnituren (Triebwagen und Steuerwagen) verständigen, die bereits für die SBB im Bau waren. Aus der Nachbau-Serie (1994–1996) erhielt die MThB 1994 die Fahrzeuge RBDe 566 631–634, die als neunter bis zwölfter Triebwagen an die SBB gegangen wären, während letztere bei der Industrie ihre Bestellung um vier Stück erhöhte.

Die vier Garnituren der MThB erhielten 1995, im Gegensatz zu den Zügen der SBB, auch je einen Neubau-Mittelwagen. Für den Verkehr nach Deutschland wurden die Fahrzeuge mit der Zugsicherung Indusi und einem Stromabnehmer mit breiter, «deutscher» Wippe (1950 mm) ausgestattet; praktisch dieselben Anpassungen sollten 2003 dann auch sechs SBB-NPZ-Garnituren für das Wiesental (RBDe 561) durchlaufen.

Die MThB-NPZ wurden bei der Liquidation der MThB an die Nachfolgegesellschaft Thurbo übertragen und weiter in ihren angestammten Diensten eingesetzt. Ab Anfang 2006 wurden neun bestellte Stadler Flirt (RABe 526 651–659) für den Seehas abgeliefert, womit die NPZ nicht mehr benötigt wurden. Nach Inbetriebnahme aller neun Flirt ab Juli 2006 sind die vier NPZ-Garnituren inklusive der beiden zusätzlichen Bt an die SBB übergegangen.

Die Triebwagen erhielten bei den SBB wieder Stromabnehmer mit «Schweizer» Wippe (1450 mm). Mit dem SBB-Design angepasster Front und SBB-Signet gelangten die Züge nach der Umzeichnung als RBDe 561 171–174/AB 30-35 671–674/Bt 29-35 971–976 auf der S-Bahn Luzern in den Einsatz, wo die Haltanforderungstasten beim Einsatz über die BLS-Strecke Langenthal–Wolhusen von Nutzen waren.

Die ehemaligen MThB-NPZ werden entgegen ersten Planungen nicht ins Modernisierungsprogramm «Domino» einbezogen. Zwei Triebwagen wurden nach weniger als 20 Betriebsjahren bereits abgebrochen. Einer davon (561 171) war zusammen mit einem Steuerwagen (Bt 29-35 976) am 6. Oktober 2011 in Olten in eine Kollision verwickelt gewesen, worauf beide Fahrzeuge abgebrochen wurden. Zwei Steuerwagen (971 und 972) wurden an die Sihltal-Zürich-Uetliberg-Bahn verkauft, welche sie für den Betrieb mit Re 456 anpassen will. Triebwagen 174 wurde 2015 an die SOB verkauft, die restlichen abgebrochen. Was mit den verbleibenden drei Steuerwagen (Bt 973–975) und vier Neubau-Zwischenwagen (AB 671–674) geschehen soll, ist nicht bekannt.

SOB RBDe 566, heute RBDe 561

Auch die Schweizerische Südostbahn (SOB) beschaffte vier zweiteilige NPZ-Garnituren, die der Nachbau-Serie (1994–1996) der SBB entsprechen und 1995 abgeliefert wurden. Die SOB liess das Erstklassabteil wie bei den bisherigen Fahrzeugen im Steuerwagen einrichten, diese sind somit als  ABt bezeichnet, während die Triebwagen RBDe 566 400–403, nach der Fusion 566 077–080, mit denen der SBB baugleich sind.

Nach der Fusion der alten SOB mit der Bodensee-Toggenburg-Bahn (BT) zur «neuen» Schweizerischen Südostbahn (SOB) erhielten die NPZ bis Ende 2003 eine Neulackierung im neuen Farbschema.

Da die vier Kompositionen im Regionalverkehrseinsatz ab Einsiedeln und Arth-Goldau durch Stadler Flirt ersetzt wurden, beteiligte sich die SOB nicht am Modernisierungsprogramm, sondern versuchte, die Fahrzeuge zu verkaufen, was aber nicht gelang. Vom Herbst 2013 bis zur Ablösung durch die Traverso 2019 wurden die Fahrzeuge für den Voralpen-Express verwendet. Die Triebwagen erhielten die TSI-Nummern 94 85 7 561 081–084 (plus 174 ex SBB, siehe oben).

PBr RBDe 568, neu Travys RBDe 560
Die Chemin de fer Pont–Brassus (PBr) besass keine eigenen Triebfahrzeuge, sondern betraute die SBB mit der Betriebsführung, die den durchgehenden Betrieb zwischen der eigenen Strecke Vallorbe–Le Pont und der PBr-Stichstrecke Le Pont–Le Brassus sicherstellten.

Im Rahmen der ursprünglichen Serienproduktion der RBDe 4/4 2104–2183 (1987–1990) bestellte die PBr zwei zweiteilige NPZ-Garnituren, die 1989 aus der Serienproduktion für die SBB abgezweigt wurden. Die Triebwagen, die eigentlich zwischen den SBB-Triebwagen 2149 und 2150 entstanden, erhielten die an die SBB-eigenen Fahrzeuge angehängte Bezeichnung RBDe 4/4 2184–2185. Nur kleine Aufschriften wiesen bei diesen Fahrzeugen auf die PBr als Eigentümerin hin, dagegen obliegt selbst die Wartung der Fahrzeuge bis heute der SBB.

Die Nachbau-Serie (1994–1996) wurde bereits unter der neuen Bezeichnung RBDe 560 100 ff. geliefert, worauf im Laufe des Jahres 1996 alle RBDe 4/4 ebenfalls umgezeichnet wurden (RBDe 560 000 ff.). Die beiden PBr-NPZ erhielten dabei die Bezeichnung RBDe 568 384–385. Nach der Fusion der PBr mit der Chemin de fer Yverdon–Ste-Croix (YSteC) zu den Travys im Januar 2001, wurden auch die beiden NPZ-Garnituren ins neue Farbschema umlackiert.

Die beiden Travys-NPZ (Trieb- und Steuerwagen) wurden ins Modernisierungsprogramm «Domino» der SBB einbezogen (neue Nummern RBDe 94 85 7 560 384 und 385 sowie ABt 50 85 39-43 984 und 985), die Travys erwarben zudem über die SBB zwei Niederflurzwischenwagen (B 50 85 29-43 384 und 385 CH-TVYS).

Montafonerbahn
Die österreichische Montafonerbahn verfügt über zwei zweiteilige NPZ-Garnituren, von denen die erste 1990 im Anschluss an die SBB-Serie 2100–2183 und die zweite 1993 vor der SBB-Nachbau-Serie (1994–1996) gebaut wurden.
Dazu kamen 2007/2008 zwei der vier der Prototyp-Garnituren, welche von den SBB nicht in das Modernisierungsprogramm einbezogen wurden.

Verwandte Baureihen
Nicht baugleich, aber in vielem verwandt mit den NPZ sind die «Privatbahn-NPZ», die als Vorlage für die NPZ dienten und bei verschiedenen Privatbahnen der Schweiz als BLS RBDe 565 und BLS (ex RM) RBDe 566 II, TPF-TRN RBDe 567 und SOB RBDe 566 existieren.

Modernisierung Domino

Nach 20 Jahren Einsatz näherten sich die ersten Trieb- und Steuerwagen der Nahverkehrspendelzüge (NPZ) dem Zeitpunkt für eine umfassende Hauptrevision, während die als Zwischenwagen eingesetzten EW I und EW II nach teilweise über 40 Jahren Einsatz zur Verschrottung anstanden. Daher startete die SBB 2007 ein Programm zur Modernisierung, das 2013 abgeschlossen werden konnte. Das Engineering für die Modernisierung wurde aus einem Konsortium der Ingenieurbüros Enotrac, Prose, und Helbling Technik durchgeführt, während die SBB für den Umbau der Fahrzeuge in ihren Werkstätten zuständig waren.

Die modernisierten Zugskompositionen verkehren mit bis zu vier Zwischenwagen unter dem neuen Namen Domino. Auch die Farbgestaltung änderte, der blau/weisse-Anstrich mit gelben Türen wich dem SBB-üblichen ICN-Farbschema in weiss und anthrazit mit roten Türen und roter Front.

Trieb- und Steuerwagen
Die 130 SBB-Garnituren – ursprünglich 126, zuzüglich vier von Thurbo übernommene – gliedern sich in fünf Unterbauarten: vier NPZ-Prototypen (560 000–003), 110 NPZ-Serienfahrzeuge (560 004–083, 100~132), sechs Wiesental-NPZ (561 000–005), sechs Mulhouse-NPZ (562 000–005) und vier Thurbo-NPZ (561 171–174). Zwei Unterbauarten respektive zehn Garnituren wurden von der Modernisierung ausgeschlossen, einerseits die Zweifrequenz-NPZ für den Betrieb nach Mülhausen im Elsass und Frasne (TGV-Anschlusszüge), da jegliche Veränderung an den Fahrzeugen eine aufwändige Neuzulassung in Frankreich notwendig gemacht hätte, andererseits die vier inzwischen verkauften Prototyp-NPZ aufgrund zahlreicher technischer Abweichungen zu den übrigen NPZ.

Die modernisierte NPZ-Flotte der SBB sollte 120 aneinander angeglichene Garnituren umfassen, wovon weiterhin zwei für den «Glarner Sprinter» und 13 für die SBB-Tochter Regionalps vorgesehen waren. Aus Kundensicht nennenswert sind der Einbau von Klimaanlage, Kundeninformationssystem und Videoüberwachung, der Ersatz von Sitzen und Bodenbelägen sowie Beschriftungen und Türtaster für Blinde und Sehbehinderte samt Nachrüstung der Halteanforderung in allen NPZ. Während des Umbaus wurde entschieden, die von der MThB stammenden Trieb- und Steuerwagen nicht umzubauen, zudem erhöhte die Regionalps ihre Bestellung auf 16 Züge. Somit sind bei den SBB 98 Züge sowie ein zusätzlicher Triebwagen verfügbar. Der eine zugehörige Steuerwagen 50 85 29-34 921 wurde am 5. Dezember 2000 bei einer Kollision mit dem Tem" 295 in Courtelary so schwer beschädigt, dass er per 30. November 2001 ausrangiert wurde. Der zweite zugehörige Steuerwagen 50 85 29-35 924 wurde vor dem Umbau zum ABt 888 2011 mit Unfallschaden ausrangiert.

Eine betriebliche Neuerung war die Formation der Trieb- und Steuerwagen mittels der neuen Zwischenwagen zu halbpermanenten Stammpendelzügen. Möglich wurde die Bildung von zwei- (ohne Zwischenwagen) bis sechsteiligen Stammpendelzügen, abhängig von Einsatzort, Grundauslastung, Streckenprofil und Anforderungen des Bestellers. Ein dreiteiliger Stammpendelzug mit einem Zwischenwagen kommt auf 75 Meter Länge, dies entspricht einem vierteiligen Flirt-Triebzug. In Vielfachsteuerung können bis zu drei Stammpendelzüge verkehren, dies entspricht in der Regel einer Zuglänge zwischen 225 und 300 Metern. Zu Hauptverkehrszeiten werden häufig Züge aus zwei oder drei zusammengekuppelten Stammpendelzügen eingesetzt, während in verkehrsschwachen Zeiten eine Garnitur ausreicht.

Um die Flexibilität des Modul-Konzeptes nutzen zu können, erhielten die Fahrzeuge eine neue Zug- und Traktions-Buselektronik, basierend auf der Vielfachsteuerung Vst9+. Während des Umbaus erhielten die Fahrzeuge neue Steckdosen an den Fahrzeugfronten, um die entsprechenden Signale zwischen den Stammpendeln übermitteln zu können. Mechanisch und pneumatisch werden die Fahrzeuge wie schon vor der Modernisierung mit UIC-Schraubenkupplungen und konventionellen Luftschläuchen verbunden. Insbesondere in der Westschweiz existieren jedoch Dominos mit automatischen Kupplungen an den Fronten (Domino AK); dort erfolgt das Verstärken oder Schwächen von Stammpendeln somit alleine durch den Lokführer in kurzer Zeit. Durch diese Neuerungen verloren die Fahrzeuge ihr bisheriges System VSt IIId und sind mit der übrigen SBB-Flotte nicht mehr elektrisch kompatibel. Erheblicher Vorteil der festen Stammpendelzüge ist die Möglichkeit, die Hauptbremsprobe vom Führerstand aus durchzuführen. Weitere technische Änderungen umfassten den Einbau einer modernen Notbremsanforderung und eines Energiemanagement-Systems, das den Energiebezug der zusätzlichen elektrischen Verbraucher von der 1000-V-Zugsammelschiene steuert.

Parallel zur Modernisierung, die für die Triebwagen durch das Industriewerk Yverdon und für die Steuerwagen im Werk Olten vorgenommen wurde, lieferte Bombardier die neuen Zwischenwagen ab. Der erste Zug ging 2009 in Betrieb. Das Modernisierungsprogramm wurde termingerecht 2013 abgeschlossen.

Mit dem Bedarf, ab Dezember 2012 die RE von Bern nach Bulle und Palézieux als Flügelzüge zu führen, wurden zwölf Fahrzeuge mit automatischer Zugkupplung vom Typ Schwab ausgerüstet; dabei bleiben die Seitenpuffer in Funktion. Auch die gesamte Regionalps-Flotte wurde entsprechend umgerüstet, um das Kuppeln und Entkuppeln der Verstärkungsmodule zu beschleunigen.

Für den Betrieb auf der neu mit ETCS ausgerüsteten Strecke Lausanne–Villeneuve wurden elf Triebwagen mit ETCS-Bordgeräten nachgerüstet.

Die Triebwagen blieben während ihrer Zeit vor dem Umbau von grösseren Unfällen verschont. Nach dem Umbau kam es am 29. Juli 2013 zu einer folgenschweren Kollision in Granges-près-Marnand, bei der ein Lokführer getötet wurde. Der RBDe 560 213 erlitt dabei so grosse Schäden, dass er abgebrochen werden musste. Ebenso betroffen war der führende Bt 29-35 950 des entgegenkommenden Mulhouse-NPZ, in dem der Lokführer zu Tode kam. Zudem wurde ein Zwischenwagen stark geknickt.

Niederflur-Zwischenwagen INOVA

Die Ausschreibung über 188 klimatisierte Niederflur-Zwischenwagen – samt weiteren 100 Stück als Option – verlangte in der Hauptvariante einen Wagen mit einer Lebensdauer von nur 20 Jahren, dies in Anbetracht der voraussichtlichen Restlebensdauer der NPZ-Garnituren. Dabei sollten die bestehenden EW-II-Drehgestelle nach einer Aufarbeitung weiter Verwendung finden, wovon sich die SBB einen markanten Kostenvorteil versprach. Als Nebenvariante ausgeschrieben wurde ein kompletter Neubauwagen mit einer Lebensdauer von 30 Jahren und für beide Varianten wurden Zielpreise vorgegeben.

Insgesamt trafen von fünf Herstellern Angebote ein, wobei die Hauptvariante deutliche Nachteile aufzeigte: sowohl die Tragfähigkeit als auch die Bauart der Federung der Drehgestelle standen den gewünschten Merkmalen des Zwischenwagens entgegen. Darüber hinaus war kein Hersteller bereit, die geforderte «Systemverantwortung» bei Verwendung eines vierzigjährigen, «fremden» Drehgestells zu übernehmen. In der Nebenvariante waren hingegen Angebote vorhanden, die unter dem Zielpreis lagen und in die engere Auswahl kamen. Von den beiden technisch gleichwertigen Angeboten von Bombardier Transportation (Schweiz) und Stadler Rail entschied erstere aufgrund eines geringfügig besseren Angebotspreises die Ausschreibung für sich. Aufgrund besonderer Herausforderungen hinsichtlich der geänderten Gewichtsverteilung der Drehgestelle wurde die Firma Prose zusätzlich damit beauftragt, die Drehgestelle auf Festigkeit, Laufverhalten und das Bremssystem hin zu überprüfen und anzupassen. Gemäss dem unterzeichneten Werkliefervertrag werden vorerst 140 Wagen beschafft, eine erste Option umfasst weitere 48, eine zweite Option weitere 100 Wagen.

Zu den geforderten Merkmalen der Zwischenwagen gehört die bei den SBB-Grossraumwagen übliche 2+2-Bestuhlung in Vis-à-Vis-Anordnung, was in einem Viererabteil pro Fenster resultiert. Die in der Schweiz unbeliebte Flugzeugbestuhlung wurde explizit nur als Ausnahme (Platzausnutzung) zugelassen. Darüber hinaus bestehen sogenannte Multifunktionszonen, die als Stellplätze für Velos, Kinderwagen oder Gepäck dienen können und längs montierte Klappsitze besitzen. Ein grundsätzlicher Unterschied besteht zwischen den Verstärkerwagen ohne WC und den regulären Zwischenwagen mit rollstuhlgängiger Vakuumtoilette, da in letzteren die Durchfahrtmöglichkeit mit dem Rollstuhl zwischen den Türplattformen verlangt wurde, was in einem breiten Mittelgang resultierte.

Aus den gestellten Anforderungen resultieren bei den Zwischenwagen drei verschiedene Wagentypen: AB-Wagen (mit WC, 4 Wagen), B-Wagen mit WC (95 Wagen, davon 13 für Regionalps, nach Bestellungsänderungen 105 Wagen, davon 16 für Regionalps) und B-Wagen ohne WC (41 Wagen bestellt, nach Bestellungsänderung 31 geliefert). Die erste Klasse wird in Zukunft im Steuerwagen angeboten, nur für den Glarner Sprinter reicht dies nicht aus und es werden zusätzlich AB-Wagen eingereiht. Die B ohne WC werden in Stammpendelzügen mit zwei Zwischenwagen eingesetzt, wobei der Einsatz von Zügen ohne Toilette bei diversen Bahnen nicht unüblich ist.

Alle drei Wagentypen besitzen an den Fahrzeugenden einen Wagenübergang und einen Hochflurbereich über den Drehgestellen, der jeweils drei Fenster und damit drei Viererabteile umfasst. Beim reinen B-Wagen sind zweimal 24 Zweitklass-Sitzplätze im Hochflurbereich vorhanden, beim AB-Wagen einmal 24 Erstklass-Sitzplätze und einmal 24 Zweitklass-Sitzplätze. Dazwischen befindet sich der Niederflurbereich mit je zwei Türen pro Wagenseite und vier Fenstern dazwischen. Der Niederflurbereich umfasst etwa 50 % der Wagenfläche, wo sich jeweils Zweitklass-Sitzplätze, Multifunktionszone und gegebenenfalls die Toilette befinden.

Im B-Wagen ohne Toilette sind bei den mittleren beiden Fenstern Viererabteile (16 Sitzplätze). Bei den äusseren beiden Fenstern – jeweils bei der Einstiegsplattform – ist auf einer Wagenseite jeweils die Multifunktionszone mit drei Klappsitzen, auf der anderen Seite des Mittelgangs ein fester Zweiersitz und ein Rollstuhlplatz (alternativ zwei längs montierte Klappsitze). Im Niederflurbereich eines solchen Wagens ohne Toilette sind damit 20 Zweitklass-Sitzplätze und 10 Klappsitze vorhanden.

Im AB- und B-Wagen mit Toilette sind die Sitze aufgrund des breiten Mittelgangs in 2+1-Bestuhlung, im ersten Abteil in Vis-à-Vis-Anordnung, im zweiten Abteil hingegen nur in einer Reihe, da das dritte Abteil (Viererabteil mit Rollstuhlplatz) versetzt wurde, um genügend Platz für die Toilettenkabine zu schaffen, die etwas mehr als den Raum eines virtuellen vierten Abteils einnimmt. Auf Höhe des versetzten dritten Abteils befindet sich auf der anderen Seite des Mittelgangs die Multifunktionszone mit vier längs montierten Klappsitzen, auf Höhe der Toilettenkabine verläuft der Durchgang als Seitengang. Im Niederflurbereich eines Wagens mit Toilette sind dadurch 13 Zweitklass-Sitzplätze und vier Klappsitze vorhanden.

Siehe auch
 Liste der Lokomotiven und Triebwagen der SBB

Literatur

Weblinks

 Bruno Lämmli: SBB RBDe 560

Anmerkungen

Einzelnachweise

RBDe 560
Elektrotriebwagen für Wechselstrom 15 kV 16,7 Hz
Triebfahrzeug (Schweizerische Südostbahn)
Triebfahrzeug (THURBO)
Triebfahrzeug (Chemins de fer du Jura)
Schienenfahrzeug (ADtranz)
Schienenfahrzeug (Brown, Boveri & Cie.)
Schienenfahrzeug (Flug- und Fahrzeugwerke Altenrhein)
Schienenfahrzeug (Schindler Waggon)
Schienenfahrzeug (Schweizerische Industrie-Gesellschaft)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Tommy McKearney ➤ Nothing worries an established ruling class so much as a series of unpredictable events over which they have no control.
Official newspaper of the Communist Party of Ireland.
This is especially so when these events pose questions about the stability of the status quo. There can be little doubt that developments over the last six months have given rise to just such concerns within governing circles in Dublin.
Look at what has happened over that short period.
Last December's British general election showed the fragility of partition, with unionism losing out in three of the four Belfast Westminster constituencies. Reconvening the Stormont Assembly has offered only temporary relief with the pandemic showing London rule to be more incompetent not to mention more undemocratic than anything emanating from Leinster House.
Electoral upset in the North was followed a few weeks later by shock in the South. Sinn Fein received the highest number of votes for any single party thus creating an unprecedented situation. Fianna Fail and Fine Gael in partnership were unable to form a majority government. The real question posed by that result is whether Sinn Fein's manifesto and canvas was so inspiring that it reversed the dismal results of its two previous election performances or did it reflect something different. Did it indicate the slow burning anger of a very sizeable percentage of the population? A disadvantaged section of working people outraged with the arrogant mistreatment meted out by a Fine Gael government kept in power by a clueless Fianna Fail?
The onset of the Covid-19 pandemic appeared at first to have given a reprieve to Leo Varadkar and his party. Clever PR created the impression of a competent and caring government. However, the mask has been slipping of late. He is preparing to reverse much of the €350 weekly pandemic payment while talking caustically about those drawing down more from that measure than they do at work. At the same time his ministers and mainstream media supporters speak darkly about budget deficits and no free money.
All the while, a global recession is looming on the horizon. Capitalism is facing a much greater crisis than that triggered by the financial crash of 2008 and in the opinion of many, its greatest challenge since the Great Depression of the 1930s. The International Labour Organisation is predicting 12 million full-time jobs will be lost across the EU in 2020. The OECD has estimated the decline in output could be in the level of between one-fifth to one-quarter in many economies, with consumers' expenditure potentially dropping by around one-third.
Compounding this, emergency measures taken to deal with the pandemic are raising concerns among free marketeers the world over. The Financial Times editorial of 9 May reflected the fears of the ruling classes when it wrote that short of a communist revolution it would be hard to imagine governments intervening in private markets more deeply than happened during the first months of lockdown.
Just one example illustrates the difficulties this could cause for a neoliberal Irish state. Currently, 80% of the nursing homes in the Republic of Ireland are privately owned profit-making business. These institutions are now coming under intense scrutiny. Over 50% of Covid-19 related deaths in the 26-Counties are associated with care homes, one of the highest rates the world. The obvious answer, to bring all healthcare under centralised state control, threatens this nice little earner for the private sector. Moreover, since the situation vis-à-vis care homes in the North is little different, this could well raise for a partitionist Dublin establishment the unwelcome spectre of demands for an effective all-Ireland health service free to all at the point of entry.
Recognising what is at stake, several high-powered commentators, here and abroad, are advocating a Keynesian approach to deal with the anticipated recession. In reality, they recognise the threat a second more intensive round of austerity would pose for capitalism. However, this would be a difficult option for a Dublin government that doesn't control its own currency and adheres slavishly to EU regulations preventing state intervention.
Moreover, even if the EU were to temporarily ease back on neo-liberalism, the southern Irish bourgeoisie would be reluctant to adopt Keynesianism. Crude demand stimulation would inevitably lead to another uncontrollable speculative bubble. On the other hand a more controlled investment programme might encourage demands for further, widespread state intervention. Something that could put us on the slippery slope towards socialism.
Faced with this dilemma, the more attractive option for the Southern Irish ruling class will be to batten down the hatches, protect big business, maintain a de facto austerity regime and hope to ride out the storm. With a right-wing coalition in office for the next five years, vague promises can be made but never kept. Meanwhile, a compliant mainstream media will point to southern Europe and tell us how much better off we are with our prudent, frugal government.
A major concern for the establishment will be to contain the disaffected, that disturbingly large number of people who voted for Sinn Fein and/or left-wing candidates. While coercion is an option, it is not the first choice. The more sophisticated strategy of shaping the opposition is favoured. It worked in Britain and no doubt it will be tried here.
Watch for the pundits encourage Sinn Fein to show maturity and serve patiently as an effective official opposition and tell them by thus acting 'responsibly', Mary Lou will undoubtedly lead the next government. Wait for the modest concessions offered to 'reasonable' trade union leaders who recognise that 'we're all in this together' and show restraint for the good of the nation.
Listen then for the howls of outrage directed against those in organised labour who call for direct action to break the emasculating Industrial Relations Act or resist redundancies or reject poverty wages. Hear too the demonisation of those activists calling for mass street protest against iniquitous inequalities.
Take time finally and consider whether capitalism deserves a five-year respite and an extension to its tenure thereafter. Or should we take a lesson from their own book and not waste this crisis?
Some men, faint-hearted, ever seek
Our programme to retouch,
And will insist, whene'er they speak
That we demand too much.
'Tis passing strange, yet I declare
Such statements give me mirth,
For our demands most moderate are,
We only want the earth - James Connolly
Tommy McKearney is a left wing activist and author of The Provisional IRA: From Insurrection to Parliament.
Containing By Restraining
By AM Thursday, July 9, 2020
Fianna Fail / Fine Gael / Green Party Coalition Tommy McKearney
David 7:36 PM, July 09, 2020
It'll be an interesting year or two. I don't know enough about political opinion in the 26, the rise of SF there stunned me if I'm honest. You know we're in trouble when the Tories implement Socialist policies trying to save main street.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


This method allows to update existing users.
(object/array) User properties to be updated.
The userid property must be defined for each user, all other properties are optional. Only the passed properties will be updated, all others will remain unchanged.
Additionally to the standard user properties, the method accepts the following parameters.
usrgrps array User groups to replace existing user groups.
The user groups must have the usrgrpid property defined.
(object) Returns an object containing the IDs of the updated users under the userids property.
Rename a user to John Doe.


Squeeze spinach dry with hands to extract as much liquid as possible.
Place spinach, yogurt, cheese, and pesto in food processor. Pulse until just combined. Season to taste with salt and pepper. Transfer to serving bowl.


text:
Founded in 2011, Lucinda Literary is a literary management firm specializing in big idea, popular science, and self-improvement books that look to change the way people work, behave, and live.
Our strong backgrounds in marketing and broad media and film relationships enable us to be strategists and advocates not just for the books, but for the long-term careers of our authors.
We take on a small number of new clients by design, which allows us to be hands-on, attentive, and editorially invested.
Most often, our clients are well-known in their fields as thought leaders—they are founders, entrepreneurs, and scientists—or bring an established media or online presence.
But sometimes there is just a great title concept. Or a compelling story that requires a professional writer. In these cases, our team excels at helping to develop books from the ground up. We help authors to generate their best ideas, and we're known to publishers for our ability to champion them.
Our Fiction
Lucinda Literary also selectively represents fiction. We look for voice-driven, emotionally raw, and often unconventionally told novels for adults and young adults. In children's books, we're excited by stories that transport us and break new ground.
Our Speaker's Bureau
Lucinda Literary's Speakers Bureau was founded in 2016 to offer lecture opportunities and relationships to all Lucinda Literary authors, along with a select list of authors represented by colleagues.
We have worked with all of the major publishers and a number of independents, including:
PenguinRandomHouse
Please see our Submissions page to learn more about what we're looking for. You can also view our Publishers Marketplace profile with a registered account.
© 2020 Lucinda Literary
135 East 57th Street, 14th Floor, New York, NY 10022
Site by cre8d


With the Satellite TV Dish Alignment Tool, locking on to your satellite signal is now a one person operation. The Satellite TV Dish Signal Alignment Tool will align your satellite dish whether you use Dish Network, Direct TV, or any other type of satellite tv. Did you know DirecTV, Dish Network, and other satellite providers will charge you over $100 to come out and re-align your satellite dish? Our Satellite TV Dish Alignment Tool will save you tons of money in the long run, especially if you move or use a satellite dish for your RV camper.
Satellite TV Dish Alignment Tool displays signal strength, according to dish position, with an easy-to-read analog needle, allowing you to make necessary adjustments without having to yell back and forth from the window. The Satellite TV Dish Alignment Tool quickly installs between the satellite dish and receiver. Satellite TV Dish Alignment Tool is powered by satellite receiver, so there�s no additional power connection.
The Satellite TV Dish Alignment Tool lets you easily tune your satellite dish and determine the direction of the strongest satellite signal. Great for remote satellite antennas.
The Satellite TV Dish Alignment Tool is the most useful tool in Satellite TV installation includes Direct TV, Dish Network, Bell ExpressVu, FTA and Satellite Internet systems. Designed with SMT technology, its superior sensitivity is capable to indicate signal from 0.2dB to 2300MHz. It is operated by LNB power. A built-in buzzer sounds higher pitch when dish gains higher signal. The Satellite Alignment Finder is complied with EMC directive and CE qualified. Nice low price Do It Yourself satellite alignment tool.
Adjust your Dish Network Satellite Dish Yourself Fast and Easy!
Direct TV and Dish Network will Charge $100 for alignment!
If you've ever had satellite service suddenly cut out on you, you know how aggravating and time consuming it can be to remedy the problem. But thanks to this easy-to-use Satellite TV Finder, you can correct the problem yourself in seconds! The Satellite TV Finder is perfect for installing new dishes, adjusting the dish on your RV, or simply making adjustments to residential dishes after windstorms, hurricanes, heavy rains or earthquakes.
Simply wire this affordable satellite dish alignment finder device between your dish and your receiver, turn on your equipment and adjust your satellite dish until the meter indicates optimum signal strength. Use the satellite dish tool today and you'll never have to wait on hold forever so your provider's service rep can schedule a repair appointment next week. And you'll never have to recruit a second person to help you with a lengthy trial and error process.
Bad Storm Knock Your DirecTV Satellite Dish Out?
1. Connect a jump cable from LNB to satellite finder's "TO LNB" input.
2. Connect the "TO REC" a DC 13-18 V power which comes from satellite receiver.
3. Make sure the satellite dish alignment finder is properly connected. Plug in the AC cord and turn on the satellite receiver. It will show light on the scale, the reading will be around 1.
4. Make a close dish alignment by setting Azimuth and Inclination.
5. Set the reading around 5 by adjusting satellite finder's level control on front.
6. Adjust dish position, feedhom position, and polarization to have the highest reading on the satellite dish alignment finder. If full scale, lower the reading by turning lever control counterclockwise.
7. Remove the jump cable and satellite dish alignment finder. Resume connection of satellite receiver and LNB.
- If the read out is jumping, the sensitivity is too high. Lower the sensitivity by adjusting S.A on the bottom. On the other hand, adjust the S.A clockwise to increase sensitivity.
Order the Satellite Signal Alignment Tool Today!


19/01/2000; Entry into force Date notif.
(1) It has proved technically impossible in the case of virtually all tractors without cabs to meet the expiry date for the transitional period laid down by Commission Decision 96/627/EC(3). It is necessary in those circumstances to postpone the end of the transitional period laid down by that Decision for those vehicles.
- 1 October 2003 for all new tractors."
Member States shall adopt the provisions necessary to comply with this Decision by 30 September 2001 at the latest. They shall forthwith inform the Commission thereof.
Done at Brussels, 18 January 2000.
(1) OJ L 105, 28.4.1977, p. 1.
(2) OJ L 277, 10.10.1997, p. 24.
(3) OJ L 282, 1.11.1996, p. 72.


text:
namespace mojo {

// static
bool StructTraits<blink::mojom::MediaDeviceInfoDataView,
                  blink::WebMediaDeviceInfo>::
    Read(blink::mojom::MediaDeviceInfoDataView input,
         blink::WebMediaDeviceInfo* out) {
  if (!input.ReadDeviceId(&out->device_id))
    return false;
  if (!input.ReadLabel(&out->label))
    return false;
  if (!input.ReadGroupId(&out->group_id))
    return false;
  return true;
}

}  // namespace mojo

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Skip to Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital Primary Content
Search Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital
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As Australia's best-known specialist eye and ear hospital, we attract some of the highest calibre health professionals from around the world. We are determined to provide the best possible patient care by fostering excellence in research and training. Our medical staff and other health professionals are leaders in a broad range of disciplines and specialities including:
Medical Training and Education
As a world leader in eye, ear, nose and throat services the hospital is at the cutting edge of research and teaching. This is supported through its close association with the University of Melbourne – Departments of Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and the Centre for Eye Research Australia (CERA) who are co-located at the hospital site.
© The Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital 2014


ST/SC Corporation Loan Online in Karnataka State: Corporation loan can be defined as a loan that is given to a company, rather than to a government organization or an individual person. So as we know that these days it is quite impossible to start a business of its own without taking any help from banks or other people. Especially, people who belong to SC/ST caste, they can't even afford a little amount of money to start a business or to start a shop of their own or for any other small business. So for them, Karnataka government has started a Corporation loan in 1975. This scheme will help these poor people to start their business, or to build their own home and other things. In our article ST/SC Corporation Loans in Karnataka, we will tell the procedure and eligibility criteria for every group. These are the schemes Karnataka government providing: self employment scheme, land purchase scheme, Ganga Kalyana scheme, micro-credit finance (kirusala), micro-credit scheme (nscfdc), safai karmachari rehabilitation programme.
For Scheduled Caste (SC) people, Karnataka government has started a new scheme as SC Corporation Loans in Karnataka. Under this scheme, people who belong to this SC group can easily get a loan for themselves. This will help these guys to develop themselves in a better way. Their growth rate will increase and they can compete with this advanced tech world. We will let you know all about this SC Corporation Loans in Karnataka, the eligibility criteria, application form and required documents here.
* You need to have Aadhar Card to start the application.
* Date of the birth certificate should be there with you like you can have an original certificate, or you can show your 10th class admit card as there they mention Date of Birth.
* You should have the community certificate that you belong to this SC group.
* You need to have your passport size photo with you.
* You need to have a proof that you belong to this SC group.
* You must be 18 yrs. old at least.
* You should not possess a great amount of money with you.
* And you will need to show the government that you really need this loan.
For Scheduled Tribe (ST) people, Karnataka government has started a new scheme as ST Corporation Loans in Karnataka. Under this scheme, people who belong to this ST group can easily get a loan for themselves. This will help these guys to develop themselves in a better way. Their growth rate will increase and they can compete with this advanced tech world. We will let you know all about this ST Corporation Loans in Karnataka, the eligibility criteria, application form and required documents here.
* You should have the community certificate that you belong to this ST group.
* You need to have your income certificate with yourself. Like people who are working in a company they can easily provide this, but those who don't work in a company they can just give a letter signed by the authorized person.
* You need to have a proof that you belong to this ST group.
Just follow these procedures and steps and you will easily finish applying for ST/SC Corporation Loans in Karnataka. So just read this article and make sure you apply for a loan with ease if you need it.


text:
Q: Conditional Probability: Bridge Hand given north and south has 8 spades I apologise as I'm pretty certain I could find the actual answer myself on these boards (as in the solution to the problem) but if possible I'd like it if someone can confirm whether my thinking is correct.

In the card game bridge, the entire 52 cards are dealt out equally to
4 players, E/W/N/S if N and S have a total of 8 spades among them,
what is the probability E has 3 of the remaining 5 spades?

This is example 2c on page 60 in "A First Course in probability 8th edition"
and gives the solution as $$\frac{{{5}\choose{3}}{{21}\choose{10}}}{{26}\choose{13}}\approx .339$$
Later in the book, it asks to recalculate this using conditional probability (question 3.3 page 102):

Compute the conditional probability that E has 3 spades given North
and South have a combined total of 8 spades.

My answer is then as follows:
Let E be the event that E has 3 spades. and F the event that N and S have 8 spades.
Then $P(E)=\frac{{{5}\choose{3}}{{21}\choose{10}}}{{26}\choose{13}}$
as it is given that 26 cards have already been dealt to N and S, of which 8 of the 13 spades have also been dealt. This means for E to occur we have to choose 3 of the remaining 5 spades and any combination of 10 cards remaining from the 21 leftovers (that is 26 remaining cards minus the 5 spades). All are divided by the reduced sample space.
(This is one of the parts in which I want to be certain)
As we only care about E we can consider N and S to be one person which will be dealt 26 cards, 8 of which must be spades, giving
$P(F)=\frac{{{13}\choose{8}}{{39}\choose{19}}}{{52}\choose{26}}$
this reasoning seems right to me as the two of them should receive any combination of 26 cards so long as 8 of them are spades. (We don't care if N has all 8 or if S has all 8.)
Then our conditional Probability is
$$P(E|F) = \frac{P(E\cap F)}{P(F)}.$$
My major issue is I'm not sure how I would go about calculating $P(E\cap F)$ in this instance. Logically I argue that the two events P and F are independent of each other, meaning
$$P(E\cap F)=P(E)P(F)$$ and so making our final conditional probability $P(E|F)=P(E)$ which yes does give me the right answer, but unless the question specifically states that these are independent of each other, I would then have to prove that $P(E\cap F)=P(E)P(F)$ holds surely?
Any clarification would be greatly appreciated. thank you.

A: The excellent answers provided by JMoraviz and drhab are already complete. Nevertheless, let me give a lengthier reasoning, which I believe could be helpful to novices.
Let the allocation of the players be fixed say N-E-S-W in the usual pattern. The problem tells us that the N-S pair has got 8 spades, which is equivalent to

the W-E pair has got 5 spades

Let "the W-E pair has got 5 spades" be the conditioning event $F$. Furthermore, let $E$ be the event

W has got 3 spades

Note first that we can distribute the 52 cards to the four players in $N={52\choose 26}{26\choose 13}{26\choose 13}$. This is because there are ${52\choose 26}$ ways to select 26 cards for the N-S pair and ${26\choose 13}$ to equally distribute the cards within this pair; then there are other ${26\choose 13}$ ways to distribute the other 26 among the W-E pair equally. By the Multiplication Principle, the sample space has thus $N$ elements, each having probability $1/N$.
Let us first compute $P(F)$. Here we are looking for the number of patterns 13-13-13-13 s.t. the pair W-E gets 5 spades overall (or, equivalently, the pair N-S gets 8 spades overall). The strategy is to select 26 cards for W-E s.t. 21 are non-spades and 5 are spades and then distribute these cards among W-E equally, i.e. 13-13. There are ${39\choose 21}$ ways to select 21 non-spades and ${13\choose 5}$ ways to select 5 spades. Thus, there are ${39\choose 21}{13\choose 5}$ ways to get 26 for the pair W-S and these can be distributed equally (i.e. 13-13) in ${26\choose 13}$ ways. Lastly, we are left with other 26 cards to be distributed between the members of N-S; this can be done in ${26\choose 13}$ ways. Thus the number of patterns 13-13-13-13 s.t. W-E gets 5 spades overall is ${39\choose 21}{13\choose 5}{26\choose 13}{26\choose 13}$ (again by the Multiplication Principle) and the probability of $F$ is
$$
P(F) = \frac{{39\choose 21}{13\choose 5}{26\choose 13}{26\choose 13}}{{52\choose 26}{26\choose 13}{26\choose 13}}.
$$
(Wait don't simplify yet, they will cancel out later!)
Now $P(E\cap F)$. Here we are looking for the number of patterns 13-13-13-13 s.t. W-E gets 5 spades overall and s.t. W gets 3 spades. From the $39$ non-spades there are ${39\choose 21}$ ways to get 21 cards. For each of these, there are ${21\choose 10}$ ways to give W 10 non-spade cards. This completes the distribution of the non-spade cards between W-E. Now, there are ${13\choose 5}$ ways to select 5 spade cards and for each of these, there are ${5\choose 3}$ ways to select three spades for W (and thus 2 spades for E). This completes the distribution of 26 cards among W-E with the required condition. We are left with 26 cards and these can be distributed to N-S in ${26\choose 13}$ ways.
Thus the number of patterns 13-13-13-13 s.t. W and E get 5 spades overall and s.t. W gets 3 spades.  is ${39\choose 21}{21\choose 10}{13\choose 5}{5\choose 3}{26\choose 13}$. The probability of $E\cap F$ is thus
$$
P(E\cap F) = \frac{{39\choose 21}{21\choose 10}{13\choose 5}{5\choose 3}{26\choose 13}}{{52\choose 26}{26\choose 13}{26\choose 13}}.
$$
And finally we have what we are looking for
$$
P(E|F) = \frac{P(E\cap F)}{P(F)} = \frac{\frac{{39\choose 21}{21\choose 10}{13\choose 5}{5\choose 3}{26\choose 13}}{{52\choose 26}{26\choose 13}{26\choose 13}}}{\frac{{39\choose 21}{13\choose 5}{26\choose 13}{26\choose 13}}{{52\choose 26}{26\choose 13}{26\choose 13}}} = \frac{{21\choose 10}{5\choose 3}}{{26\choose 13}}.
$$

A: Calculating $Pr(E\cap F)$, let us define our sample space as all ways of distributing the cards where order within each hand doesn't matter and where north and south's hands are considered collectively as one.  There are $\frac{52!}{26!13!13!}$ such distributions, each of which are equally likely to occur.
Let us count $|E\cap F|$ in this sample space.  To do so, first choose which eight spades north/south got and then which 18 non-spades north/south got.
Then, choose which three spades from those remaining east got and which 10 non-spades from those remaining east got.  All remaining cards will be given to west.
There are then $\binom{13}{8}\binom{39}{18}\binom{5}{3}\binom{21}{10}$ such arrangements implying the probability $Pr(E\cap F)$ is:
$$Pr(E\cap F)=\frac{\binom{13}{8}\binom{39}{18}\binom{5}{3}\binom{21}{10}}{52!/(26!13!13!)}=\frac{15152709}{276092852}\approx 0.05488$$
Continuing on to calculate $Pr(F)$, now we temporarily instead consider the sample space to be just the ways in which we divide the deck in half, i.e. giving 26 cards to north/south collectively where order within the hand is unimportant and giving the remaining cards to east/west.  There are $\binom{52}{26}$ such ways to do so, each of which are equally likely to occur.
We count $|F|$ in this sample space as being $\binom{13}{8}\binom{39}{18}$, thus making $Pr(F)=\frac{\binom{13}{8}\binom{39}{18}}{\binom{52}{26}}=\frac{44681065}{276092852}\approx 0.161833$
Taking the ratio $\frac{Pr(E\cap F)}{Pr(F)}$ will arrive at the same answer as given before after simplifications.
$$Pr(E\mid F)=\frac{Pr(E\cap F)}{Pr(F)}=\frac{39}{115}\approx 0.3391304$$

As an aside, let us look at $Pr(E)$ and inspect whether $E$ and $F$ truly are independent.
We let the sample space be all ways in which East is given a hand ignoring how the rest of the cards are distributed.  There are $\binom{52}{13}$ ways in which this can happen.  Choosing which three spades and which 10 nonspades gives us $\binom{13}{3}\binom{39}{10}$ possible hands and a probability of $Pr(E)=\frac{\binom{13}{3}\binom{39}{10}}{\binom{52}{13}}\approx 0.28633$
(notice that no mention of how spades are distributed among north/south appeared in the calculation of $Pr(E)$.  You seem to have confused calculating $Pr(E)$ with $Pr(E\mid F)$)
We compare $Pr(E\cap F)\approx 0.05488$ to $Pr(E)Pr(F)\approx 0.161833\cdot 0.28633\approx 0.04634$.  Indeed, even if we take the exact values we see that these are different numbers and therefore $E$ and $F$ are not independent as claimed.

A: For calculating $P(E\cap F)$ think of the number of ways that $13$ spades can be divided in this context such that exactly $3$ come in hands of $\bf E$ and exactly $2$ in hands of $\bf W$.
There are $\binom{13}3\binom{13}2\binom{26}8$ ways, and this on a total of $\binom{52}{13}$ ways.
This results in: $$P(E\cap F)=\frac{\binom{13}3\binom{13}2\binom{26}8}{\binom{52}{13}}$$
Sortlike you can find $P(F)$ as:$$P(F)=\frac{\binom{26}5\binom{26}8}{\binom{52}{13}}$$
Working this out with application of $P(E\mid F)P(F)=P(E\cap F)$ leads to:$$P(E\mid F)=\frac{13!13!5!21!}{3!10!2!11!26!}=\frac{\binom53\binom{21}{10}}{\binom{26}{13}}$$

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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We have eight studios in our service from our Nursery 1 studio to Queensland Approved Kindergarten studio providing a learning environment from 6 weeks to 5 years of age.
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The Kindergarten Guidelines were developed to enrich children's learning in the kindergarten year. The guidelines incorporate and value that parents and carers are the children's first educators and help support the ongoing learning. This is a brief overview, to find out more please click the below link.
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We provide sunscreen but if your child requires a preferred brand because of sensitive skin please feel free to provide it.


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How do I add 'X-Frame-Options' directive.
Hi, we have an AWS cloud based JAVA installation of Outsystems and I am looking at how we can restrict Outsystems applications being embedded in an iframe in other applications.
I know we can use the 'frame-ancestors' and/or the 'X-Frame-Options' directives to achieve what we need and I have successfully managed to get the 'frame-ancestors' one to work through the Platform security settings (Content-Security-Policy). However this works on Chrome, but doesn't work in IE.
So to solve, I want to also use the 'X-Frame-Options' directive and understand that it can be added via the 'Factory Configurations' module (from the Forge). I have downloaded Factory Configurations and tried updating the using the Shared Configurations, but without success.
Has anyone tried this before, and can advise me on what to do.
Did you check the HTTPRequestHandler extention's AddHeader action? Or are you looking for a more generic approach?
It seems that Internet Explorer doesn't fully support Content Security Policy directives. You can check the supported directives here: https://content-security-policy.com.
We are following the standards so that the browsers seamlessly support Content Security Policy headers added to OutSystems applications but, unfortunately, we cannot ensure that every browser supports every directive.
Let me know if you need any additional clarification.
By the way, thank you for your contribution Kilian!
Thanks Kilian and Lara for you replies.
In respect of what we need then the HTTPRequestHandler extention AddHeader action satisfies the requirements. By using the 'frame-ancestors' (via LifeTime) and the 'X-Frame-Headers' in the application it will cover pretty much all browsers. So I have a solution I can take forward.
By the way, this query is similar to a number of other platform configuration investigations we have done, so I guess I started out to look at how we could manage this directive through Configuration change as opposed to application code change.
Glad I could be of help. Good luck with your project.
We had used AddHeader or AddMetaTag method of HTTPRequestHandler extention for X-Frame-Options with value deny or SAMEORIGIN but then also security tool is showning us X-Frame-Options Header Not Set alert in report summary.Can any one help me how to resolve this security issue.
What browser are you using? Did you check if the X-Frame-Options header is sent on the request besides checking the security tool?
Also, doesn't Content Security Policy frame-ancestors directive apply to your scenario?
Thank you... and sorry for late reply, but I am still juggling with this issue.
Actually, I am getting 'X-Frame-Options Header Not Set' Risk when I run penetration tool ZAP Scanning tool.
I am not familiarized with that scanning tool.
If the header is being enforced in the browser, the problem is with the scanning tool. Otherwise, we will need to understand what's happening.


text:
/*
 * This code was generated by
 * ___ _ _ _ _ _    _ ____    ____ ____ _    ____ ____ _  _ ____ ____ ____ ___ __   __
 *  |  | | | | |    | |  | __ |  | |__| | __ | __ |___ |\ | |___ |__/ |__|  | |  | |__/
 *  |  |_|_| | |___ | |__|    |__| |  | |    |__] |___ | \| |___ |  \ |  |  | |__| |  \
 *
 * Twilio - Preview
 * This is the public Twilio REST API.
 *
 * NOTE: This class is auto generated by OpenAPI Generator.
 * https://openapi-generator.tech
 * Do not edit the class manually.
 */

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using Twilio.Base;
using Twilio.Converters;

namespace Twilio.Rest.Preview.Wireless
{
    /// <summary> fetch </summary>
    public class FetchSimOptions : IOptions<SimResource>
    {

        public string PathSid { get; }

        /// <summary> Construct a new FetchWirelessSimOptions </summary>
        /// <param name="pathSid">  </param>
        public FetchSimOptions(string pathSid)
        {
            PathSid = pathSid;
        }

        /// <summary> Generate the necessary parameters </summary>
        public  List<KeyValuePair<string, string>> GetParams()
        {
            var p = new List<KeyValuePair<string, string>>();

            return p;
        }

    }

    /// <summary> read </summary>
    public class ReadSimOptions : ReadOptions<SimResource>
    {

        public string Status { get; set; }

        public string Iccid { get; set; }

        public string RatePlan { get; set; }

        public string EId { get; set; }

        public string SimRegistrationCode { get; set; }

        /// <summary> Generate the necessary parameters </summary>
        public  override List<KeyValuePair<string, string>> GetParams()
        {
            var p = new List<KeyValuePair<string, string>>();

            if (Status != null)
            {
                p.Add(new KeyValuePair<string, string>("Status", Status));
            }
            if (Iccid != null)
            {
                p.Add(new KeyValuePair<string, string>("Iccid", Iccid));
            }
            if (RatePlan != null)
            {
                p.Add(new KeyValuePair<string, string>("RatePlan", RatePlan));
            }
            if (EId != null)
            {
                p.Add(new KeyValuePair<string, string>("EId", EId));
            }
            if (SimRegistrationCode != null)
            {
                p.Add(new KeyValuePair<string, string>("SimRegistrationCode", SimRegistrationCode));
            }
            if (PageSize != null)
            {
                p.Add(new KeyValuePair<string, string>("PageSize", PageSize.ToString()));
            }
            return p;
        }

    }

    /// <summary> update </summary>
    public class UpdateSimOptions : IOptions<SimResource>
    {

        public string PathSid { get; }

        public string UniqueName { get; set; }

        public string CallbackMethod { get; set; }

        public Uri CallbackUrl { get; set; }

        public string FriendlyName { get; set; }

        public string RatePlan { get; set; }

        public string Status { get; set; }

        public Twilio.Http.HttpMethod CommandsCallbackMethod { get; set; }

        public Uri CommandsCallbackUrl { get; set; }

        public Twilio.Http.HttpMethod SmsFallbackMethod { get; set; }

        public Uri SmsFallbackUrl { get; set; }

        public Twilio.Http.HttpMethod SmsMethod { get; set; }

        public Uri SmsUrl { get; set; }

        public Twilio.Http.HttpMethod VoiceFallbackMethod { get; set; }

        public Uri VoiceFallbackUrl { get; set; }

        public Twilio.Http.HttpMethod VoiceMethod { get; set; }

        public Uri VoiceUrl { get; set; }

        /// <summary> Construct a new UpdateWirelessSimOptions </summary>
        /// <param name="pathSid">  </param>
        public UpdateSimOptions(string pathSid)
        {
            PathSid = pathSid;
        }

        /// <summary> Generate the necessary parameters </summary>
        public  List<KeyValuePair<string, string>> GetParams()
        {
            var p = new List<KeyValuePair<string, string>>();

            if (UniqueName != null)
            {
                p.Add(new KeyValuePair<string, string>("UniqueName", UniqueName));
            }
            if (CallbackMethod != null)
            {
                p.Add(new KeyValuePair<string, string>("CallbackMethod", CallbackMethod));
            }
            if (CallbackUrl != null)
            {
                p.Add(new KeyValuePair<string, string>("CallbackUrl", Serializers.Url(CallbackUrl)));
            }
            if (FriendlyName != null)
            {
                p.Add(new KeyValuePair<string, string>("FriendlyName", FriendlyName));
            }
            if (RatePlan != null)
            {
                p.Add(new KeyValuePair<string, string>("RatePlan", RatePlan));
            }
            if (Status != null)
            {
                p.Add(new KeyValuePair<string, string>("Status", Status));
            }
            if (CommandsCallbackMethod != null)
            {
                p.Add(new KeyValuePair<string, string>("CommandsCallbackMethod", CommandsCallbackMethod.ToString()));
            }
            if (CommandsCallbackUrl != null)
            {
                p.Add(new KeyValuePair<string, string>("CommandsCallbackUrl", Serializers.Url(CommandsCallbackUrl)));
            }
            if (SmsFallbackMethod != null)
            {
                p.Add(new KeyValuePair<string, string>("SmsFallbackMethod", SmsFallbackMethod.ToString()));
            }
            if (SmsFallbackUrl != null)
            {
                p.Add(new KeyValuePair<string, string>("SmsFallbackUrl", Serializers.Url(SmsFallbackUrl)));
            }
            if (SmsMethod != null)
            {
                p.Add(new KeyValuePair<string, string>("SmsMethod", SmsMethod.ToString()));
            }
            if (SmsUrl != null)
            {
                p.Add(new KeyValuePair<string, string>("SmsUrl", Serializers.Url(SmsUrl)));
            }
            if (VoiceFallbackMethod != null)
            {
                p.Add(new KeyValuePair<string, string>("VoiceFallbackMethod", VoiceFallbackMethod.ToString()));
            }
            if (VoiceFallbackUrl != null)
            {
                p.Add(new KeyValuePair<string, string>("VoiceFallbackUrl", Serializers.Url(VoiceFallbackUrl)));
            }
            if (VoiceMethod != null)
            {
                p.Add(new KeyValuePair<string, string>("VoiceMethod", VoiceMethod.ToString()));
            }
            if (VoiceUrl != null)
            {
                p.Add(new KeyValuePair<string, string>("VoiceUrl", Serializers.Url(VoiceUrl)));
            }
            return p;
        }

    }

}


text:
Visiting Turkey: Museums of Archaeology Dazzle
Turkey museums boast mosaics, statues and more
Mark Wilson	November 30, 2015 2 Comments 382 views Share
The business of archaeology is booming these days in Turkey. For some sites, there is no longer a "season" for excavations; they continue year round. With each new discovery, this mantra is repeated: "More tourists will now visit the site." To house all the fresh finds, new museums are being built. So I recently hit the road to see several of these.
Statue of King Suppiluliuma in the Hatay Archaeological Museum. Photo: Mark Wilson.
While the archaeology museum in Antakya (ancient Antioch) was formerly in the city center, the new Hatay Archaeological Museum has been built north of the city past the Grotto of Saint Peter. Its displays are arranged chronologically with excellent presentations of the nearby sites of Tell Atchana and Tell Tayinat. The "Smurf-like" statue of King Suppiluliuma grabs one's attention. The Roman period is represented with a well-preserved milestone from the period of Vespasian. Pride of place still goes to the Late Roman mosaics from the villas and bathhouses of nearby Daphne. However, their restoration has been shrouded in controversy with charges of an incompetent job. Compared to the mosaics in the other museums that I visited, the colors in these were dull and lifeless.
In Gaziantep I stopped at the Zeugma Mosaic Museum, the world's largest mosaic museum. Although this museum is now several years old, I had only visited the old mosaic museum. Rescue excavations at Zeugma in the late 1990s on the Euphrates River brought to light outstanding mosaics from its Roman villas. These are now displayed in an attractive, well-lit fashion. I almost missed the mosaic with the iconic face of the gypsy girl, featured on all of the museum's souvenirs. It is tucked away in its own corner room, so fortunately a guard directed me into its darkened corridor. This museum is a must-visit while in the area.
The Zeugma Mosaic Museum in Gaziantep is the world's largest mosaic museum. Photo: Mark Wilson.
Our free eBook Ten Top Biblical Archaeology Discoveries brings together the exciting worlds of archaeology and the Bible! Learn the fascinating insights gained from artifacts and ruins, like the Pool of Siloam in Jerusalem, where the Gospel of John says Jesus miraculously restored the sight of the blind man, and the Tel Dan inscription—the first historical evidence of King David outside the Bible.
At Şanlıurfa I was astounded by the massive new archaeology museum there. Again arranged chronologically, artifacts from the Paleolithic site of Göbekli Tepe comprise many of these displays. The dioramas depicting life at that time were visually appealing to Turkish children visiting the museum. The artifacts from Late Antiquity were especially interesting because Edessa, the city's ancient name, was a center of Syriac culture. The dress of the figures was definitely eastern, and their inscriptions were in Syriac. I was disappointed that no displays featured the rich Jewish and Christian history of Edessa, chronicled decades ago by Judah Segal. Several years ago construction work south of the museum revealed a number of mosaics. To their credit, local officials preserved the mosaics and built a large, dome over them. Unlike the mosaics in the museums at Antakya and Gaziantep, the mosaics in Urfa's Haleplibahçe Museum are in situ. Displayed near the exit is the Orpheus mosaic repatriated from the Dallas Museum of Fine Art.
Mosaic depicting the Amazon queen Melanippe in Urfa's Haleplibahçe Museum. Photo: Mark Wilson.
My visits to these super-sized new museums raised a comparison with the Ephesus Archaeology Museum that reopened earlier this year. Rather than build a new structure to house the multitudinous artifacts from Ephesus, Turkey's most visited archaeological site, local authorities simply remodeled the old, small museum. The result is a disappointing display of familiar pieces with minimal explanation; for example, "Roman period." Given that the Austrian Archaeological Institute has been excavating in Ephesus for over a century, it is surprising that the signage is not in German as well as in Turkish and English.
It is wonderful that the signage in these museums is now in English. But why isn't a native English speaker brought in to proofread these? Frequent grammatical errors dotting these signs create an unnecessary annoyance. One object's mistranslation brought a smile to my face in the museum at Urfa: "Wave Tunes." The artifact was in a display of cooking utensils, and the Turkish phrase "Ezgi Taşı" should have been translated "Grinding Stone."
Because of the unstable security situation along the Syrian border, few foreign tourists are visiting southeastern Turkey now. Our BAS trip to the area was cancelled two years ago. The only group that I saw was a small American one in the Gaziantep Museum. I purposely traveled by public bus between and in these cities and walked extensively in their streets. I never felt unsafe at all. Normal life continues, although many Syrian refugees can be seen in the cities. Hopefully the marvelous artifacts in these new archaeology museums will soon be seen by more than just local people.
Mark Wilson is the director of the Asia Minor Research Center in Antalya, Turkey, and is a popular guide on BAS Travel/Study tours, including the upcoming "Sailing the Mediterranean with Paul." Mark received his doctorate in Biblical studies from the University of South Africa (Pretoria), where he serves as a research fellow in Biblical archaeology. He is currently Visiting Professor of Early Christianity at Regent University and Associate Professor Extraordinary of New Testament at Stellenbosch University. He leads field studies in Turkey and the eastern Mediterranean for university, seminary and church groups. He is the author of Biblical Turkey: A Guide to the Jewish and Christian Sites of Asia Minor and Victory through the Lamb: A Guide to Revelation in Plain Language. He is a frequent lecturer at BAS's Bible Fests.
More from Mark Wilson in Bible History Daily:
Tradition or History? BAS Travelers Encounter Both on Rhodes
Ancient Phoenix: The Harbor That Might Have Been
Destroying a Temple
Money Talks through Ancient Coins
Of Pirates and Virgins: Greek and Turkish Scholars Colloquiating
Pella: A Window on Survival
Tags: ancient coins ancient near archaeological archaeologists Archaeology archaeology places archaeology sites archaeology today artifacts and the bible bib arch Bible bible history bible history daily Biblical Biblical Archaeology Biblical Archaeology Places Biblical Archaeology Sites Biblical Artifacts biblical scholars biblical sites biblical topics biblical turkey biblicalarchaeology daily life and practice early christianity gobekli tepe hittite inscriptions jerusalem judah New Testament pella revelation roman period Temple at Jerusalem what did gladiators eat www.biblicalarchaeology.org zeugma excavations
First Person: Who Owns History?
By: Robert Cargill
The Antiquities Market—A "Cat and Mouse Game"
By: Abigail VanderHart
Archaeological Looting and the Destruction of Cultural Heritage
Endangered Heritage: Archaeological Looting in Turkey
I'm guessing that the reason the Jewish and Christian archaeological finds are minimized is that the Turkish government/religious environment does not value these traditions.
DS Bazil L Johnson says:
Prof Wilson, I am researching the 7 Epistles to the 7 Churches. I bought your book and is utilising it in my doctoral thesis at UNISA where you completed your doctorate. Is there anything new about the Seven Churches, please? When is your next study-tour to Patmos and the 7 Churches? I would like to be part of it. Thank you. DS Bazil Johnson
Cyber-Archaeology in the Holy Land – The Future of the Past
Who Was Jesus? Exploring the History of Jesus' Life


text:
Redistricting Apocalypse
By Andrea Germanos
Posted in: Civil Liberties, Coups, Politics/Gov., Repression, US | No comments
Amid an effort by the Republican Party to seize power with redrawn voting boundaries nationwide, GOP lawmakers in Ohio on Thursday approved a new congressional map that democracy advocates rebuked as "a classic partisan gerrymander."
"We are in a 1965 moment for democracy."
"The Buckeye State was supposed to be the poster child of bipartisan, transparent redistricting," Jen Miller, executive director of the League of Women Voters of Ohio, said in a statement Thurday. "Instead, Ohio leaders have disrespected voters, trampled the Ohio Constitution, and rigged the Congressional map to serve partisan, political operatives rather than fairly represent Ohioans."
The map proposal in Senate Bill 258—given an F for partisan fairness by the Princeton Gerrymandering Project, rolled out by Republicans with little time for voter input, and passed despite a 2018 redistricting reform ballot measure meant to discourage such partisan maps—could give the GOP an advantage in 13 out of 15 congressional districts.
The bill now awaits signature by Republican Gov. Mike DeWine.
"No Democrats supported the map," Axios reported, "meaning it will be in effect for just the 2022 and 2024 election cycles (rather than a full 10 years for a bipartisan map)."
According to state House Minority Leader Rep. Emilia Strong Sykes (D-Akron), "Ohioans and Democrats wanted to see a bipartisan, 10-year map, but as the process unfolded, it was clear Republicans had no intention of negotiating a compromise in good faith."
The new lines relied on tactics dubbed "packing" and "cracking," as local WCMH reported:
"Packing" is when alike voters are kept together to concentrate their power in a small number of districts and minimize it statewide. In OH-9, for example, Democratic voters from Toledo to west of Cleveland were packed together, forming a district that elected a Democrat by 26 points last year.
"Cracking" is the opposite but achieves the same goal. Alike voters in one place are split up among multiple districts to dilute their influence.
"Franklin County's black communities are packed into just one district, while its Latinos and the AAPI communities are split into different ones," Sen. Tina Maharath (D-Canal Winchester) said during debate Tuesday.
The vote in Ohio came amid a national gerrymandering spree by GOP lawmakers as new voting maps are drawn.
Speaking on "The Rachel Maddow Show" Thursday, voting rights expert and Mother Jones reporter Ari Berman said that "what Republicans are doing across the country is they are literally turning back the clock decades when it comes to voting rights. We are seeing the most intense efforts to undermine the right to vote and the most intense efforts to reduce fair representation since the Voting Rights Act was passed in 1965."
"We're in a moment where there's no substitute for federal action on voting rights," he added. "We are in a 1965 moment for democracy."
"There was no institute for the Voting Rights Act in 1965," said Berman, because "we weren't going to out-organize voter suppression, we weren't going to out-litigate voter suppression. Congress had to step in and act."
"We're in a similar situation today," he said, because "we're not going to out-organize or out-litigate extreme gerrymandering and voter suppression. Congress has to protect voting rights. There simply is no substitute right now."
Reporting by the Washington Post put the Ohio redistricting in the broader national context:
Democrats and advocates say the new lines are one of the many ways that Republicans in Ohio and elsewhere have sought to diminish the strength of Democrats, particularly those who are Black and Hispanic. In the last decade, the GOP-led Ohio legislature and Republican secretaries of state have limited ballot drop boxes, scaled back early voting and purged voter rolls—moves aimed at Democratic voters.
Republican legislators have blown past deadlines for proposing a congressional map, operating in secret to draw the lines. The map they eventually passed this week—which now goes to Gov. Mike DeWine (R) for his signature—gives them an overwhelming majority of the House seats, ignoring the amendment's requirement that lines be drawn to reflect the electoral makeup of the state.
In a Thursday column at the Post warning that a "redistricting apocalypse is here" to "assualt our democracy," Paul Waldman wrote that the new map in Ohio could be "the most egregious gerrymander of all" those underway.
Among the states experiencing such an assault, said Waldman, is Texas, where "Republicans essentially eliminated electoral competition. Only one of the state's 38 congressional districts will be competitive under the new map; 13 will be safely Democratic, and 24 will be safely Republican. If recent trends persist, the majority of the state's voters will be voting for Democrats within a few years, but Republicans will still control nearly two-thirds of the House seats."
Zeroing in on Ohio, Waldman added:
In September, the state's GOP-controlled redistricting commission approved state legislative maps that will guarantee the GOP a veto-proof supermajority in both houses, putting even a future Democratic governor at the mercy of the Republican legislature. Top it off with the incredible 13-to-two congressional gerrymander, and you have a state where Democrats are nearly half the electorate but have no power—and virtually no chance of ever gaining power.
That is precisely the point: to make elections irrelevant and eliminate the voters' ability to choose their leaders.
With the Ohio proposal now just awaiting DeWine's signature, progressive groups like Common Cause are urging him to veto the redrawn boundaries.
"Ohioans watched with dismay this week as an entirely new map was introduced as a substitute for Senate Bill 258, and then rushed at breakneck speed through both Senate and House committees, without a proper opportunity for the public to be able to weigh in," said Catherine Turcer, executive director of Common Cause Ohio, adding that "voters deserve better."
"Senate Bill 258 needs to be vetoed," she said, "because it unduly favors the political party in power, the very definition of gerrymandering."
Collin Marozzi, deputy policy director for the ACLU of Ohio, said that "DeWine alone has the executive privilege, and moral obligation, to honor the Ohio Constitution and veto Senate Bill 258, which artificially inflates partisan control of Ohio's congressional delegation to one party at the expense of another, and will not accurately reflect the people of Ohio in Congress—not by a long shot."
Germanos's:
'No Celebration Without Legislation': King Family Leads Voting Rights March
Progressive Lawmakers to Biden: 'Cancel Student Loan Debt.' All of It. Now.
Pandemic Response Report Denounces Leaving Global Health 'Hostage' to Big Pharma
Elitism is Not the Answer to Populism
130+ Global Groups Demand WTO Postpone Meeting Until Vital Patent Waiver Is Adopted
'We Need a Global Solution'
Europe's Largest Pension Fund Announces Fossil Fuel Divestment
New Climate Analysis Shows Near Total Global Failure to Meet 1.5°C Targets
Flawed From the Start, Afghan War's Bitter End Was 'Inevitable'
In 'Paradigm Shift,' Manhattan DA Will No Longer Prosecute Prostitution


The controls feel floaty and sluggish, the exact opposite of what I want in a shooter. The oxygen adds a constant annoyance that you have to manage for the first few hours, constantly having to keep in mind where you can refill your meager reserves. I never found a laser weapon that felt good, and the story was nonsensical at best and contradictory at worst. The characters were flat and the world uninteresting. It's a problem that Borderlands 2 barely managed to avoid by leaning heavily on the characters from the first game, but they couldn't use the same crutch again.
The one saving grace of this game is the co-op. Playing a game with your friends has the remarkable ability to make any game feel fun, and as a way to waste a weekend away, there are much worse ideas. The player characters abilities feel cool, if a little uninspired, and I loved playing as Nisha and using her "aim bot" like lawgiver ability to mow down waves of enemies in a split second. It isn't something that I would want to play by myself for any extended period of time, and that' is why I ultimately put it down long before the end of the game. There were a few cool things here, but ultimately it fell flat. They will have to take a good long look at their formula before they put out their next title, or I may find myself not coming back at all.


Warren T. Jackson was founded in 1967 in the beautiful wooded area of Mt. Paran. A neighborhood school that has also experienced strong growth, Jackson added a 7 acre Primary Campus (grades K-1) in 2007 that captures forest views on all sides. The Main Campus (grades 2-5) was renovated in 2005 to add a new wing to complement the existing architecture on the 12 acre campus. Warren T. Jackson is recognized as both a Georgia School of Excellence and a National Blue Ribbon School. In 2007, Warren T. Jackson was designated an IB World School.


Wife: I know you'll marry again someday. She will live in this house and sleep in our bed, and use my dishes. And that's alright. But I want you to promise me something.
Wife: I don't want your 2nd wife to wear my clothes.
Husband: Alright I promise. Your clothes won't fit Betty anyhow.


text:
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text:
Események
 Arnulf, bajor herceg magyar sereggel tér vissza hazájába, ahol hívei és a svábok is csatlakoznak hozzá. A Vils folyó mellett csapott össze a két had. Arnulf bajor, magyar, szász seregével szemben Konrád frank, szász, fáliai csapatai álltak. A csatában Arnulf győzött, ellenfele, I. Konrád a harcban szerzett sérüléseibe belehalt.

Születések

Halálozások
 december 23..: I. Konrád német király és német-római császár

10. század


Talent Cities is an opportunity to learn a little bit about yourself and some of the career options available to you in the Vista area.
The following survey asks you to list your Thrively strengths. If you do not remember you will need to log into your Thrively account.
Use the Priority Sectors page and Essential Skills page to help you complete the survey below.
Now that you have thought about your strengths, investigated the priority sectors and essential skills, and learned about your interests we would like to ask you about your career aspirations. Aspirations are your hopes, wishes, and dreams.


[FFmpeg-devel] [PATCH v3] lavu: add av_gettime_relative() and use it.
Previous message: [FFmpeg-devel] [PATCH v3] lavu: add av_gettime_relative() and use it.
Next message: [FFmpeg-devel] [PATCH v3] lavu: add av_gettime_relative() and	use it.
> > Also add similar av_usleep_relative().
> is not affected by clock jumps.
this is an excellent question. After verification in kernel/hrtimer.c, nanosleep() is using CLOCK_MONOTONIC despite that what is written in the man page. So your knowledge is exact and the answer to your question is no.
If noone disagree, I will simply just remove this new function in the next version of my patch.


Kevin Gates Won't Be at Mala Luna "Due to an Unforeseen Incarceration"
This weekend's inaugural Mala Luna Music Festival will bring a roster of EDM megastars along with up-and-coming rappers, hip-hop and R&B artists, the likes of which this city's never really seen before.
Excluding, that is, Baton Rouge rapper Kevin Gates, who was originally slated to perform at the festival and was just sentenced to 180 days in jail for drop-kicking a woman at a Florida show last year. According to the Associated Press, a Florida jury found Gates guilty of battery on Wednesday, sentencing him to 180 days in jail.
Organizers for the Mala Luna festival confirmed Thursday afternoon that Atlanta rapper Jeezy will take over Gates' original Sunday night time slot. "Unfortunately Kevin Gates is unable to perform in the forthcoming months due to an unforeseen incarceration," they said in a statement.


In mass tort litigation where thousands of claimants are involved, it is quite common or plaintiff's lawyers to procrastinate in cultivating their cases and may neglect securing prescriber testimony. This is a big oversight that your Brownsville medical device defense attorney should seek to capitalize on. Why? Because if a plaintiff does not have any causation testimony, their claim is drastically weakened.
A good example highlighting how a plaintiff's failure to take prescriber testimony created an opening to knock out their claim is In re Mentor Corp. ObTape Transobturator Sling Products. Liab. Litig., No. 4:13-cv-229, 2016 WL 4611572 (M.D. Ga. Sept. 2, 2016). In this case, a prescribing surgeon treated a plaintiff for incontinence with vaginal mesh. The plaintiff never had the vaginal mesh removed, but claimed that the mesh caused her to suffer chronic pain. But here's the problem – the plaintiff's lawyer failed to take the implanting physician's testimony and the physician died. The defendant wisely moved for partial summary judgment and was able to get the case booted out of court.
Under Texas law, a plaintiff is required to establish that the defendant both failed to provide an adequate warning regarding the device at issue and that a failure to warn proximately caused the plaintiff's injuries. Additionally, Texas adheres to the learned intermediary doctrine, which allows a prescription medical device manufacturer to provide an adequate warning about the risks associated with a medical device to a prescribing physician, not to the patient directly. This is why the prescribing physician's testimony can be so critical in these types of cases.
Since the implanting surgeon in the ObTape case passed away, there would be no way to obtain direct testimony. The plaintiff's counsel tried to salvage the case by arguing that a "reasonable" physician similarly situated to the prescribing surgeon would have found a failure to warn and a warning would have prevented the alleged injury. The Court did not buy it. The Court recognized the simple fact that a procrastinating plaintiff takes a major risk in that sources of evidence could disappear during the pendency of mass tort litigation.
Under Texas law, it does not matter what a "reasonable" physician would do. Causation is not some abstract legal concept. Courts have established that a plaintiff bears the burden to show that a different warning would have caused the plaintiff's own doctor or surgeon to stop prescribing a device. The plaintiff was unable to produce such evidence. Therefore, summary judgment for the defendant was granted.
The oversight by the plaintiff's counsel in the ObTape case is actually quite common in medical device litigation. For example, the plaintiff's lawsuit was filed nearly a decade after the plaintiff underwent implant surgery.
When medical device manufacturers are facing product liability claims in Brownsville, having qualified and skilled representation is essential. The law firm of Colvin, Chaney, Saenz & Rodriguez, L.L.P. is here to help. Our Brownsville product liability defense attorneys provide skillful representation to product manufacturers facing any type of product liability claim. You can rely on us to pursue every available option in an effort to secure a favorable outcome.


Bassett Unified School District is inviting parents, students and the community to attend Open House events through Thursday, May 19, showcasing the engaging academics and programs at each of its schools. Schools will feature campus tours of their newly renovated and modernized classrooms, presentations on student and staff achievements, and meet and greets with school staff and administrators. Bassett High's showcase will include an alumni and parent panel discussion on the school's academics and programs.
Don Julian Elementary School has been named a California Gold Ribbon School for promoting a college-going culture over the past five years through the No Excuses University program. The program creates a college-going culture that emphasizes students and parents to begin thinking and learning about different colleges at an early age. The Gold Ribbon is California's highest academic honor, created in 2015 as a substitute to the Distinguished School Program to honor schools for model programs during rollout of the new California Standards.
Follow-up Story: Sunkist Elementary School on April 6 hosted its second annual Vehicle and Career Day, where students attended presentations and viewed live demonstrations from industry leaders, including a pediatrician, nutritionist, professional photographer and digital marketer. Third- through fifth-graders attended 30-minute presentations from experts in various fields. Transitional kindergarteners through second-graders took part in Vehicle Day, where police cars, semi-trucks and fire trucks were displayed for students to investigate.
Follow-up Story: Five Bassett High students, portraying victims of a vehicle collision, sat stunned or lay unconscious in a pair of battered cars on April 19 as part of a two-day program designed to bring home the consequences of driving under the influence of alcohol or drugs, or driving while distracted. More than 500 juniors and seniors watched the "Every 15 Minutes" program unfold from the sidewalks, just 10 days before prom.
As Bassett High School senior Ailsa Thai wraps up a prestigious scholarship program at Ryman Arts, she has not only sharpened her skills – she has made a life-changing discovery: Artists don't have to suffer for their work. Thai is the second Bassett student selected in the 25 years that the Los Angeles-based arts program has provided high school scholarships. This year, Ryman Arts chose more than 300 high school students for its three-semester program. Photos are available.
Bassett High School senior Eric Marquez credits teachers at the school's Health Academy for helping him discover a deep desire to care for people and inspiring him to become a registered nurse. For his dedication to his academics, Marquez has been named one of 14 recipients of $400 scholarships through the Principal for a Day Scholarship program, a collaboration among area school districts. He received the award March 16.
Bassett High senior Ailsa Thai has been accepted into the prestigious Ryman Arts program – the second Bassett student selected in the program's 25-year history. Thai's passion and creative expression in art landed her a three-semester scholarship. She will hone technical skills in different mediums, including acrylics, watercolor and graphite. She will complete the program this spring with more than 300 high school students from across Southern California. Photos are available.
Follow-up Story: Seven Bassett High School students earned 15 individual medals in the Los Angeles County Office of Education Academic Decathlon held earlier this month for speeches on the importance of music education and success in a Super Quiz covering math, art and science. Decathletes Ailsa Thai, Natalie Rojas, Enrique Lucas, Alondra De Leon, Marianna Acevedo, Felipe Perez and Victoria Gurrola spent more than half a year preparing for the two-day competition among 50 schools. Photos are available. Photos are available.
Sixth-, seventh- and eighth-graders from Torch Middle School and Edgewood Academy competed against each other Feb. 19 in Bassett Unified School District's first math competition. Students went against their respective grade levels in groups of four in three, 30-minute rounds. The first two rounds focused on teamwork, with students explaining their problem-solving processes to each other to arrive at the same answer. The last round was based on individual tests. The top two students from each grade level will compete in the Los Angeles County office of Education's Math Field Day on Saturday, April 30. Photos are available.
Follow-up Story: Students poured glowing goo into clear jars and generated light with oranges as they unleashed their scientific curiosity at Bassett Unified School District's first Science and Engineering Fair. After each school held individual science fairs, students from first through 12th grade with the top projects competed for trophies at the Watanabe Center at Torch Middle School on Feb. 16. First-place winner Nueva Vista High School senior Angel Lopez-Alarcon compared changes in heart rates to determine whether a Christmas or French song would be more relaxing to listeners. Photos are available.


text:
Place Vendôme é um filme francês de Nicole Garcia, estreou em 1998.

Ligações externas

Filmes em língua francesa
Filmes da França de 1998


In late 2018, Sian tried her hand at Portraiture, after years of experimenting with creative and travel photography. After quickly developing a love for the craft, Sian began building a portfolio of work with the hope to build a career.
All photographs were taken on a Canon EOS 5D Mark IV, using a 28mm or 50mm lens, and edited in Lightroom and Photoshop.


The RBSA Gallery has a changing programme of exhibitions on three floors of gallery space. We are based in a converted jewellery factory just off St Paul's Square.
Contemporary art exhibitions are held in Galleries 1 and 2 (with lift access). The ground floor has space for solo shows and a Craft Gallery, which has established a reputation as the place to find exciting and unique contemporary craft.
Admission is free. Many artworks on show are for sale.
Find the RBSA Gallery: The RBSA Gallery is located in Birmingham's historic Jewellery Quarter – close to St Paul's Square and a short walk from the city centre along Newhall Street.
Accessibilty: There is wheelchair access throughout the building and an accessible toilet on the ground floor. If you have a health condition or impairment, please let us know if you require any particular assistance to arrange your visit and we will be happy to help.