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Breaking News NFL
Arians expects Pierre-Paul to miss 'at least 5-6 months'
May 10, 2019 FLM 20 Comments Bruce Arians, Jason Licht, Jason Pierre-Paul, Tampa Bay Buccaneers
Jason Pierre-Paul could miss the 2019 season with a fractured neck, but Tampa Bay Buccaneers head coach Bruce Arians said Friday the team is anticipating he won't return any earlier than October.
"Very unfortunate," Arians said. "All we can do is just pray and hope for the best and hope it's one of those five- or six-month things and go from there."
The 30-year-old will visit neck specialists for opinions, and ESPN reported he will likely need an operation. NFL Network reported Pierre-Paul could indeed be headed for surgery — which would carry a recovery time of five to six months — but added there is hope the injury could heal on its own, and he could be ready for the start of the season.
The Buccaneers issued a statement that did not acknowledge the specific injury but confirmed the evaluation process is ongoing.
"As we stated last week following the news of Jason's auto accident, our immediate concern was for both Jason and his passenger," general manager Jason Licht said in the statement. "While Jason was treated and released in south Florida the same day of the accident, we wanted to ensure that our medical team had an opportunity to perform a thorough evaluation here in Tampa, and that process is currently ongoing."
The accident occurred around 5 a.m. Thursday in Broward County, Fla., and Pierre-Paul was taken to the hospital and released later that day. NFL Network reported Tuesday that Pierre-Paul's car went off the road after it hydroplaned during a rain storm.
Pierre-Paul was not ticketed.
He missed time due to an off-field injury in 2015, when he lost a finger and part of a second finger in a fireworks accident in Miami on July 4 of that year.
Pierre-Paul was traded from the New York Giants to the Buccaneers in March 2018, a year after signing a four-year, $62 million extension. He had 12.5 sacks, 20 quarterback hits and 16 tackles for loss in 16 games in 2018, his highest marks since 2014.
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By Rozsika Parker
The Subversive Stitch
In this book, author Rozsika Parker re-evaluated the reciprocal relationship between woman and embroidery into the fine arts. Embroidery has always been related to female domesticity. The status of embroidery declined: a major art form in the Middle Ages, practiced by both men and women. By the 19th century, it was regarded as specifically feminine, domestic, and low in the artistic hierarchy. It also considered 'sweated labor', the sewing done by working women, which is an issue just as relevant today.
In particular, she examines embroidery and how it has historically been both a source of pleasure and creativity and a source of oppression:
Embroidery has been the means of educating women into the feminine ideal, and of proving that they have attained it – witness the history of samplers, for instance – but it has also proved a weapon of resistance to the painful constraints of femininity. […] Limited to practicing art with needle and thread, women have nevertheless sewn a subversive stitch, managing to make meanings of their own in the very medium intended to foster polite self-effacement.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Томас-Морс -{MB-1}- () је ловачки авион направљен у САД. Авион је први пут полетео 1918. године.

Размах крила је био 11,2 метара а дужина 6,70 метара. Био је наоружан са 2 митраљеза калибра 7,7 милиметара.

Наоружање

Референце

Литература
 Детаљнији подаци о авиону

Ловачки авиони
Војни авиони 1910—1919.
Авиони Првог светског рата
Амерички ловачки авиони Првог светског рата
Томас-Морс авиони
Амерички ловачки авиони 1910—1919.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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ComputingTopicTypeExplainer
Skip the heady and abstract physics lectures. Let's talk about socks
Dan Garisto
Mark Montgomery
quantum computingqubitsentanglement
When pushed to explain why quantum computers can outspeed classical computers, stories about quantum computing often invoke a mysterious property called "entanglement." Qubits, the reader is assured, can somehow be quantum mechanically entangled such that they depend on one another. If more detail is needed, the reader is told that entanglement links qubits no matter how far apart they are—so long as the qubits are "coherent."
For the reader, things are far from coherent. Sure, entanglement is an important aspect of quantum computing. But what exactly is it?
In a few words, entanglement is when multiple objects—such as a pair of electrons or photons—share a single quantum state. Like threads in a tangle of yarn, entangled objects cannot be described as independent entities.
That explanation might be poetic, but it shouldn't be satisfying. Things are not so simple or concrete. But with a little bit of high-school-level math (near the end of this story), our intuitions—based on a lifetime of classical physics—can be retrained and redirected just a bit.
However, we should also make the following disclaimer: No brief explanation can be expected to convey a comprehensive understanding of quantum mechanics. Our goal is simply to illustrate the basic concepts behind entanglement, so the reader can gain a more thorough understanding of what's actually going on in this foundational phenomenon behind quantum computing.
Let's begin with a slightly modified example from the celebrated Northern Irish physicist John Stewart Bell:
Alice and Bob know that Prof. Bertlmann always wears mismatched socks. If his left sock is pink, his right sock is certain to not be pink. (Our illustrations are loosely based on Bell's own cartoons of his friend, Reinhold Bertlmann, which he drew for a 1980 article to explain entanglement.)
Meet Professor Bertlmann, with his predictably and reliably mismatched socks.Mark Montgomery
Alice and Bob wish to test if Prof. Bertlmann's choice in socks persists outside the classroom, so they decide to spy on him.
Suppose Alice is standing one block away, and she sees that Prof. Bertlmann's left sock is blue. Immediately, she knows that Bob—who's keeping an eye on Bertlmann's right sock—will see pink. This holds true even if Alice is light-years away from Bertlmann, following all the sartorial goings-on with a telescope. Once she measures the color of one sock, Alice instantaneously knows something about what Bob will measure about the other sock. This is because the pair of mismatched socks are what physicists (and overqualified wardrobe consultants) describe as being correlated with one another.
Alice sees that Prof. Bertlmann's right sock is blue; Bob can see that his left sock is pink. Mark Montgomery
There is no mystery to how this correlation arises: Every morning, Prof. Bertlmann intentionally mismatches his socks. If his left sock is blue, he will pull on a right sock that's pink. These correlations have three classical characteristics: They are real, local, and deterministic.
Real: The socks have a definite color prior to Alice's or Bob's measurement.
Deterministic: The color of the socks is not random. Given exactly the same initial conditions (for example, Tuesday, chance of rain, sore toe), Prof. Bertlmann will put on the mismatched socks the same way. Note: The specific colors worn on each foot may be difficult for Alice and Bob to predict, but the process is not strictly random.
Local: The color of the socks depends only on nearby surroundings—that is, what Bob sees should not depend on Alice's measurement.
Let us now suppose Prof. Bertlmann wishes to teach his snooping students a thing or two about entanglement. The next morning, he puts on a mismatched pair of quantum socks, whose colors are entangled.
Prof. Bertlmann complicates the situation by introducing quantum socks—whose color is indeterminate until it's been observed.
When Alice measures the left sock, the pair's indeterminate state of color collapses, so that Alice sees either pink or blue.Mark Montgomery
Unlike his classical socks, Prof. Bertlmann's entangled quantum socks are:
Unreal: The socks have no definite color prior to measurement.
Nondeterministic: The color of the socks is random. Measurements under the exact same initial conditions are unpredictable—for example, 50 percent of the time a sock will be pink, 50 percent of the time it will be blue.
Nonlocal: The color of each sock is dependent on nonlocal surroundings—that is, what Bob sees depends on Alice's measurement.
In the quantum case, if Alice measures the color of one sock, her measurement instantaneously updates the color of the other sock, which had previously been indefinite. (Note: Because the sock color is random, this does not, strictly speaking, transmit information—and therefore cannot be used for faster-than-light communication.)
But, Alice objects, the socks are close together—couldn't they send some signal to each other? Is the update really instantaneous? To further convince his students that there is something nonlocal happening, Prof. Bertlmann ships each of the socks to distant stars that are light-years apart from one another.
Now each of the professor's fabled quantum socks have been sent to different star systems, many light-years apart.
As before, when Alice observes the left sock, the pair's indeterminate state of color collapses. This measurement updates the color of the other sock instantaneously.
For simplicity, we've shown only Alice measuring, but the results do not change if Bob measures too.Mark Montgomery
Then he asks Alice and Bob to perform the same experiment.
Again, what Bob sees depends on Alice's measurement, even though there is no way for the socks to communicate. This result should be shocking. As Prof. Bertlmann puts it:
"How come they always choose different colors when they are looked at? How does the second sock know what the first has done?"
A brief historical detour: Anxiety about entanglement originates from the famous 1935 EPR paper by Albert Einstein, Boris Podolsky, and Nathan Rosen (collectively known as EPR, from their initials). EPR recognized that quantum mechanics specified a world that was nondeterministic and nonlocal, and argued that these properties implied that quantum mechanics is incomplete as a theory. Einstein was particularly concerned about the lack of locality. He famously lamented the instantaneous measurement update between entangled particles as "spukhafte Fernwirkung" ("spooky action at a distance") because he could not reconcile it with the "ideas of physics." From Einstein's letters to Max Born:
"If one asks what… is characteristic of the world of ideas of physics, one is first of all struck by the following: the concepts of physics relate to a real outside world… it is a further characteristic of these physical objects that they are arranged in a space-time continuum. An essential aspect of this arrangement of things in physics is that they lay claim, at a certain time, to an existence independent of one another."
To preserve these reasonable assumptions—and rescue physics from the seemingly irreconcilable weirdness that quantum mechanics introduced—physicists began playing with "hidden-variable theories."
According to hidden-variable theory, in Alice and Bob's experiment the quantum socks are secretly predetermined (by a "hidden" variable) to be one color or another, and it only seems as though Alice's measurement of the first sock instantaneously updates the color of the other sock. Hidden-variable theories, it was thought, could reproduce all the odd results quantum mechanics predicted without sacrificing local realism.
Here is where we return to the topic of this article—because quantum entanglement lies at the heart of questions about hidden-variable theory.
If hidden-variable theories are correct, entanglement is just an illusion of nonlocality; Bertlmann's quantum socks would not in that case actually have a strange connection irrespective of distance. But if hidden-variable theories are wrong, entanglement really does link the socks no matter how far apart they are.
Without any way of experimentally differentiating between either theory, physicists relegated the conundrum to the realm of philosophy—until Bell, the Northern Irish physicist referenced earlier, found a solution.
Back to the present day, where the skeptical students Alice and Bob are unimpressed by Prof. Bertlmann's supposedly entangled socks. Again, from their perspective, there is no experimental difference between "spooky" socks and hidden-variable socks, which only appear to update each other upon measurement but whose color (according to hidden-variable theory) would actually be preordained.
To enlighten his mistrustful mentees about the true nature of entanglement, Prof. Bertlmann sets up a new experiment.
In this experiment, Alice and Bob fly off in spaceships. A source shoots out entangled pairs of quantum socks toward them. Alice and Bob each have special detectors with two settings. Alice's detector can be in setting A or setting a; Bob's detector can be set to either setting B or setting b. (To pick a setting, they each flip a coin after the socks are sent so there is no way the socks know the settings ahead of time.)
To avoid any possible local effects, Alice and Bob fly light-years apart. They want this isolation so that they can tell if the sock color is predetermined or really updates upon measurement.
When Alice and Bob have different settings (a and B, or A and b), the socks sometimes match and sometimes mismatch.
When Alice and Bob share the same settings (A and B, or a and b), the socks always match. How could predetermined socks manage this correlation, if the random coin flip happened after the socks were sent?Mark Montgomery
Here is a sample output from Alice and Bob:
P B
As you can see, the colors Alice and Bob measure are random. Let's now add the detector settings, which are also random.
The table shows that when Alice and Bob use different settings, the socks sometimes match and sometimes mismatch. But if Alice and Bob share a setting (both uppercase or both lowercase), they always match. It's as if, despite the fact that Alice and Bob flipped coins after the socks were sent, the socks could somehow tell each other when to match across the vast distance. This is very strange—as if the sock color were predetermined!
After Alice and Bob have recorded all their data, they come back to Earth, where Prof. Bertlmann explains that the strange coincidence is not quite enough to reveal the true nature of entanglement. What they need is to measure how correlated the socks are, so Alice and Bob create a new table where pinks are -1 and blues are +1.
Combined Setting
"There is a very simple proof—that you can check on your own—which states that the absolute value of AB - Ab + aB + ab cannot be greater than 2 if the hidden-variable theory of sock color were true," Prof. Bertlmann explains.
Counting, Alice and Bob tally up their measurements and find the averages for AB, Ab, aB, and ab:
Then they plug the numbers into the formula and find that the (positive) sum exceeds 2!
Puzzled, they ask Prof. Bertlmann what it means. He responds:
"It is often said that entanglement is the essence of quantum mechanics. This simple mathematical inequality—that the formula based on the experimental results will conditionally yield an answer no greater than 2—is at the heart of entanglement. Neither classical correlations nor the correlations of hidden-variable theories could replicate the measurements you took of my socks. Since your answer is 2.3, which is greater than 2, the only explanation is that the entanglement you measured was a fundamentally quantum-mechanical phenomenon. Therefore, each pair of socks was indeed genuinely entangled. Before you measured them, there was no left sock color or right sock color; they were a single quantum object."
While no socks have been entangled in the real world (yet), there have been numerous experiments confirming that quantum correlations exceed Bell's inequality, as above. The first experiments entangled electrons and photons, but in the decades since, scientists have even managed to entangle tiny, nanoscale objects, such as a pair of submicroscopic drums.
So, what is entanglement? In our first definition, we said that "entanglement is when multiple objects share a single quantum state." We can update that definition with what we've learned: Entanglement is the amount by which multiple objects share a quantum state. By checking the correlations of our measurements, we can quantify how much entanglement there is between objects. The state of entangled objects cannot be described independently. Prof. Bertlmann's quantum socks, light-years apart, are not reducible to a left sock color and a right sock color. They remain a pair of indeterminate color until they are disentangled by a measurement.
In a quantum computer, qubits are separated by millimeters, not light-years. But the principle still holds, so an entangled pair really is one quantum object—at least until Alice or Bob takes a measurement.
Bertlmann's Socks and the Nature of Reality (1980)—J.S. Bell's explanation of his own work remains essential, lucid, and funny.
Is the Moon There When Nobody Looks? Reality and the Quantum Theory (1985)—N. David Mermin reviews the EPR controversy and what Alain Aspect's 1982 experimental confirmation of Bell's theorem means.
The Age of Entanglement: When Quantum Physics Was Reborn (2008)—Louisa Gilder's dramatized retelling of the debates between Einstein, Bohr, and others perceives entanglement from the vantage of a novel.
Schrödinger's Killer App: Race to Build the World's First Quantum Computer(2013)—Full of off-color asides, the late Jon Dowling's book is a rigorous but accessible introduction to the principles underlying quantum computing. It remains generously free online.
Quantum Entanglement Meets Superconductivity in Novel ... ›
Is Math the Key to Quantum Entanglement Protection? - IEEE ... ›
Entanglement Made Simple | Quanta Magazine ›
What Is Quantum Entanglement? Quantum Entanglement Explained ... ›
{"imageShortcodeIds":[]}
Dan Garisto is a freelance science journalist who covers physics and other physical sciences. His work has appeared in Scientific American, Physics, Symmetry, Undark, and other outlets.
Kiruba Shankar28 Jan, 2023
INDV
0 Replies Hide replies
Grerald Chapman10 Jul, 2022
-1-0+1+0 -0,0101,0000,,1111,+01,+01 ect....
entanglement!@ gofigure/ cohearnment exacta!!!
Philippe Jacquod17 Jun, 2022
The statement : "entanglement is when multiple objects—such as a pair of electrons or photons—share a single quantum state." is incorrect. Two electrons can be in a product state. The corresponding quantum state is not entangled.
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Is Worldcoin a Crypto-currency for the Masses or Your Digital ID?
The project aims to scan all the world's eyeballs
People queue up to have their irises scanned at an outdoor sign-up event for Worldcoin in Indonesia.
WorldCoin
In a college classroom in the Indian city of Bangalore last August, Moiz Ahmed held up a volleyball-size chrome globe with a glass-covered opening at its center. Ahmed explained to the students that if they had their irises scanned with the device, known as the Orb, they would be rewarded with 25 Worldcoins, a soon-to-be released cryptocurrency. The scan, he said, was to make sure they hadn't signed up before. That's because Worldcoin, the company behind the project, wants to create the most widely and evenly distributed cryptocurrency ever by giving every person on the planet the same small allocation of coins.
Some listeners were enthusiastic, considering the meteoric rise in value that cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin since they launched. "I found it to be a very unique opportunity," said Diksha Rustagi. "You can probably earn a lot from Worldcoin in the future." Others were more cautious, including a woman who goes by Chaitra R, who hung at the back of the classroom as her fellow students signed up. "I have a lot of doubts," she said. "We would like to know how it's going to help us."
This article is part of our special report Top Tech 2023.
Those doubts may be warranted. The 5-minute pitch from Ahmed, a contractor hired to recruit users, focused on Worldcoin's potential as a digital currency, but the project's goals have morphed considerably since its inception. Over the past year, the company has developed a system for third parties to leverage its massive registry of "unique humans" for a host of identity-focused applications.
Worldcoin CEO Alex Blania says the company's technology could solve one of the Web's thorniest problems—how to prevent fake identities from distorting online activity, without compromising people's privacy. Potential applications include tackling fake profiles on social media, distributing a global universal basic income (UBI), and empowering new forms of digital democracy.
But Worldcoin's biometric-centered approach is facing considerable pushback. The nature of its technology and the lack of clarity about how it will be used are fueling concerns around privacy, security, and transparency. Questions are also being raised over whether Worldcoin's products can live up to its ambitious goals.
So far, Worldcoin has signed up more than 700,000 users in some 25 countries, including Chile, France, and Kenya. In 2023 it plans to fully launch the project and hopes to scale up its user base rapidly. Many people will be watching the company during this make-or-break year to see how these events will unfold. Will Worldcoin succeed in reimagining digital identity, or will it collapse, like so many buzzy cryptocurrencies that have come before?
Where the Worldcoin idea came from
In early 2020, Blania started working with Worldcoin cofounders Sam Altman, former president of the legendary Silicon Valley incubator Y Combinator, and Max Novendstern, who previously worked at the financial-technology company Wave. The question driving them was a simple one, Blania says. What would happen if they gave every person on the planet an equal share of a new cryptocurrency?
Their thesis was that the network effects would make the coin far more useful than previous cryptocurrencies—the more people who hold it, the easier it would be to send and receive payments with it. It could also boost financial inclusion for millions around the world without access to traditional banking, says Blania. And, if the coins increase in value (as have other cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin and Ethereum), that trend could help redistribute global wealth.
Most ambitiously, the founders envisaged Worldcoin as a global distribution network for UBI—a radical approach to social welfare in which every citizen receives regular cash payments to cover their basic needs. The idea has become popular in Silicon Valley as an antidote to the job-destroying effects of automation, and it has been tried out in locations including California, Finland, and Kenya. When the Worldcoin project was unveiled in October 2021, Altman told Wired that the coin could one day be used to fairly distribute the enormous profits generated by advanced artificial intelligence systems.
The founders envisaged Worldcoin as a global distribution network for universal basic income.
To ensure even distribution of coins, Worldcoin needed a sign-up process that guaranteed that each person could register only once. Blania says the team didn't want to tie the cryptocurrency to government IDs due to privacy risks, and they eventually decided that only biometric iris scans could scale into the billions. Given the sensitivity of biometric data, the team knew that privacy protections had to be paramount. Their solution is a protocol based on Proof-of-Personhood (PoP)—a complex combination of custom hardware, machine learning, cryptography, and blockchain technology that Blania says can assign everyone a unique digital identity with complete anonymity.
The Orb is central to this approach. Behind its gleaming surface is a custom optical system that captures high-definition iris scans. To sign up for Worldcoin, enrollees download the company's app onto their smartphones, where it creates a pair of linked cryptographic keys: a shareable public key and a private key that remains hidden on the user's device. The public key is used to generate a QR code that the Orb reads before scanning users' irises. The company says it has invested considerable effort into making Orbs resistant to spoofing sign-ups with modified or fake irises.
The scan is then converted into a string of numbers known as a hash via a one-way function, which makes it nearly impossible to re-create the image even if the hash is compromised. The Orb sends the iris hash and a hash of the user's public key to Worldcoin's servers in a signed message. The system checks the iris hash against a database to see if the person has signed up before, and if not, it's added to the list. The public-key hash is added to a registry on the company's blockchain.
The process for claiming the user's free Worldcoins relies on a cryptographic technique known as a zero-knowledge proof (ZKP), which lets a user prove knowledge of a secret without revealing it. The app's wallet uses an open-source protocol to generate a ZKP showing that the holder's private key is linked to a public-key hash on the blockchain, without revealing which one. That way, Worldcoin won't know which public key is associated with which wallet address. Once this linkage is verified by the company's servers, the tokens are sent to the wallet. The ZKP also includes a string of numbers unique to each user called a nullifier, which shows if they've tried to claim their coins before without revealing their identity.
Worldcoin's Web3 applications
It didn't take long for Worldcoin to realize that its identity system could have broader applications. According to Blania, the first to spot the potential was Chris Dixon, a partner at the venture capital firm Andreessen Horowitz, which led the first investment round in Worldcoin. Blania says that about seven months after the team started work on the project, he told them, "This is super interesting tech, but I think you don't understand what a big deal it actually is."
On today's Internet, most activities flow through centralized platforms like Amazon, Facebook, and PayPal. Blockchain technology could theory remove these middlemen, instead using a decentralized networks of volunteers to regulate such functions as online payments, social media, ride-sharing platforms, and many other types of services—a vision for the future of the Internet dubbed Web3.
Worldcoin's biggest challenge may not be the functionality of its technology, but questions of trust.
But decentralization also enables new kinds of manipulation, including sybil attacks, named after the 1973 book Sybil, about a woman with multiple personalities. The anonymity of the Internet means it's easy to create multiple identities that let attackers gain disproportionate influence over decentralized networks. That's why cryptocurrencies today require members to carry out complex mathematical puzzles or stake large chunks of their money if they want to contribute to core activities like verifying transactions. But that means control of these networks often boils down to how many high-powered computer chips you can afford or how much crypto you hold.
Worldcoin will manage two different processes: signing up users and letting them claim the promised amount of the cryptocurrency as a reward for signing up. Signing up involves scanning users' irises and keeping records that connect those scans with their digital wallets. Claiming a reward requires verification that the user has indeed signed up, which can be done in a way that doesn't reveal any information about the user other than that they are signed up.Worldcoin
A method to ensure that every member of a network has just one identity could solve the sybil problem in a much more equitable way. And a unique digital ID could have applications beyond Web3, says Tiago Sada, head of product at Worldcoin, such as preventing bot armies on social media, replacing credit-card or government-ID verification to access online services, or even facilitating democratic governance over the Web. Toward the end of last year, Sada says, Worldcoin started work on a new product called World ID—a software-development kit that lets third parties accept ZKPs of "unique humanness" from Worldcoin users.
"A widely adopted PoP changes the nature of the Internet completely," says Sada. "Once you have sybil resistance, this idea of a unique person [on a blockchain], then it just gives you an order of magnitude more things you can do."
Worldcoin's pivot to World ID
Despite the startup's growing focus on World ID, Blania insists its ambitions for the Worldcoin cryptocurrency haven't diminished. "There is no token that has more than 100 million users," he says. Worldcoin could have billions. "And really no one knows what the explosion of innovation will be if that actually happens."
But the coin has yet to be released—those who sign up get an IOU, not actual cryptocurrency—and the company has released few details on how it will work. "They haven't shared anything regarding what their currency model or their economic model is going to be," says Anna Stone, who leads commercial strategy for a nonprofit called Good Dollar. "It's just not yet clear how individual users will benefit."
Good Dollar distributes small amounts of its own cryptocurrency to anyone who signs up, as a form of UBI. Stone says the project has focused on creating a sustainable stream of UBI for claimants, while Worldcoin seems to be committing far more resources to developing its PoP protocol than the currency itself. "Offering people free crypto is a powerful lead-generation tactic," she says. "But getting people into your system and getting people using your currency as a currency are two quite different challenges."
"It's really hard to revoke and reissue your iris." – Jon Callas
Leading UBI proponent Karl Widerquist, a professor of philosophy at Georgetown University–Qatar, says he's skeptical of the potential of cryptocurrencies for boosting financial inclusion or enabling UBI. He says their inherently volatile prices make them unsuitable as currency. But Worldcoin's one-time distribution seems even less likely to succeed, he says, because most people around the world are so poor that they spend everything they have right away. "The majority of people in the world are going to have none of this currency very quickly."
The company's vision for Worldcoin has also shifted as the importance of World ID has grown. While the company can't dictate what the token will be used for, Sven Seuken, Worldcoin's head of economics, says it is now positioning the coin as a governance token that gives users a stake in a blockchain-based type of entity called a decentralized autonomous organization (DAO). The company has ambitions to slowly transfer governance of its protocol to a DAO that's controlled by users, with voting rights linked to their Worldcoin holdings. Tokens would act less as a payment method and more like shares in a company that manages the World ID platform.
This pivot wasn't reflected in the pitch at the college in Bangalore, where enrollees were sold on the potential of a fast, cheap way to transfer money around the world. Seuken admits the company needs to update its public communications around the benefits of signing up, but he says explaining World ID's value at this stage of adoption is challenging. "Convincing users initially to sign up by pitching World ID, this would be a really hard sell," he says.
The risks of Worldcoin's biometric data
Informed consent is important, though, says Jon Callas, director of public-interest technology at the Electronic Frontier Foundation. It's problematic, he says, if users don't realize they're signing up for a global identity system, especially one that involves biometrics, which are a uniquely sensitive form of authentication. "It's really hard to revoke and reissue your iris," says Callas.
While ZKPs provide strong mathematical guarantees of privacy, implementation mistakes can leave gaps that attackers can exploit, says Martin Albrecht, a professor of information security at Royal Holloway, University of London. In 2020, researchers bypassed ZKPs that had been used to anonymize transactions in the privacy-focused cryptocurrency Zcash by exploiting their knowledge that the time taken to generate a proof correlated to the content of transaction data (specifically, the transaction amount).
Worldcoin's head of blockchain, Remco Bloemen, says that even if the company's ZKPs were cracked, there wouldn't be a leak of biometric information, as the ZPKs aren't connected to users' iris hashes and are based only on their private keys. But Albrecht says revealing a user's private key is still a significant problem as it would let you impersonate them. "Once you know someone's private key, it's game over," he says.
Glen Weyl, an economist at Microsoft Research, says that worries about Worldcoin's threats to privacy are overblown, given that the biometrics aren't linked to anything. But Worldcoin's stringent privacy protections have introduced a critical weakness, he adds. Because biometric authentication is a one-time process, there is no ongoing link between users and their World IDs. "You've just found a way to generate a key, and that key can be sold or disposed of in any way people want," he says. "They have no framework, in any sense, for making sure these wallets are tied to the people who received them, other than their trust relationship with the people that they've hired to do the recruiting."
A young woman has her irises scanned at a sign-up event in Bangalore, India. It's no accident that the scanning device, called the Orb, resembles a giant eyeball. Edd Gent
Without an ongoing link between World ID and the underlying biometrics, it's impossible to audit the registry of users, says Santiago Siri, board member of a competing digital identity system called Proof of Humanity (PoH). That's why PoH has built its registry of unique humans by getting people to upload videos of themselves that others can challenge if the videos seem fake. Siri concedes that the approach is hard to scale and has significant privacy challenges, but he says the ability to audit a system is critical for its trustworthiness. "How can I verify that of those 750,000 [Worldcoin] identities, 700,000 are not fake, or controlled by Andreessen Horowitz?" he says. "No one will be able to verify that, not even the Worldcoin people."
It's also questionable how useful the concept of "unique humanness" really is outside of niche cryptocentric applications, says Kaliya Young, an identity researcher and activist. Identity plays a broader role in everyday life, she says: "I care what your university degrees are, where you were born, how much money you make, all sorts of attributes that PoP doesn't solve for."
Worldcoin's biggest challenge may not be the functionality of its technology but questions of trust. The central goal of blockchains is to avoid relying on centralized authorities, but by using complex, custom hardware to recruit users, the company is setting itself up as a powerful arbiter of digital identity. "Worldcoin posits that everyone in the world should have their eyeball scanned by them and they should be the decider of who's a unique human," says Young. "Please explain to me how that's not ultracentralized."
What's more, Microsoft's Weyl says, the company's reliance on the "creepy all-seeing eye" of the Orb may create problematic associations. According to Weyl, projects like Worldcoin may give people "a sense of a dystopian future" rather than one that is "hopeful and inclusive."
In the end, the success of Worldcoin's ambitious 2023 goals may boil down to a question of narrative. The company is peddling a message of financial inclusion and wealth distribution while critics raise concerns around privacy and transparency. It remains to be seen whether the world will truly buy into Worldcoin.
This article appears in the January 2023 print issue as "A Cryptocurrency for the Masses or a Universal ID?"
Top Tech 2023
Top Tech 2023: A Special Report
Preview exciting technical developments for the coming year.
Can This Company Dominate Green Hydrogen?
Fortescue will need more electricity-generating capacity than France.
An Airship Resurgence
Pathfinder 1 could herald a new era for zeppelins
A New Way to Speed Up Computing
Blue microLEDs bring optical fiber to the processor.
The Personal-Use eVTOL Is (Almost) Here
Opener's BlackFly is a pulp-fiction fever dream with wings.
Baidu Will Make an Autonomous EV
Its partnership with Geely aims at full self-driving mode.
China Builds New Breeder Reactors
The power plants could also make weapons-grade plutonium.
Economics Drives a Ray-Gun Resurgence
Lasers should be cheap enough to use against drones.
A Cryptocurrency for the Masses or a Universal ID?
What Worldcoin's killer app will be is not yet clear.
IBM's Quantum Leap
The company's Condor chip will boast more than 1,000 qubits.
Arthritis Gets a Jolt
Vagus-nerve stimulation promises to help treat autoimmune disorders.
Smartphones Become Satphones
New satellites can connect directly to your phone.
Exascale Comes to Europe
The E.U.'s first exascale supercomputer will be built in Germany.
The Short List
A dozen more tech milestones to watch for in 2023.
Crypto's Slow Motion Gold Rush ›
Can Cryptocurrencies Actually Be Legal Tender? Should They? ›
Cryptocurrency - IEEE Spectrum ›
Worldcoin, the Eyeball-Scanning Cryptocurrency Unicorn, Hits ... ›
Sam Altman's Worldcoin Will Give Free Crypto for Eyeball Scans ... ›
Worldcoin ›
Keep Reading ↓Show less


text:
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Net.Http;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using Windows.Web.Http.Filters;
using Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestPlatform.UnitTestFramework;
using Newtonsoft.Json;

namespace WindowsRuntime.HttpClientFilters.Tests
{
    [TestClass]
    public class HttpClientTests
    {
        [TestMethod]
        public async Task TestClient()
        {
            var filter = new HttpBaseProtocolFilter();

         //   filter.IgnorableServerCertificateErrors.Add()

            using (var client = new HttpClient(new WinRtHttpClientHandler(filter)))
            {

                var html = await client.GetStringAsync("http://www.microsoft.com");

                Assert.IsNotNull(html);
            }
        }

        [TestMethod]
        public async Task TestPost()
        {
            var filter = new HttpBaseProtocolFilter();

            //   filter.IgnorableServerCertificateErrors.Add()

            using (var client = new HttpClient(new WinRtHttpClientHandler(filter)))
            {
                var uri = new Uri("http://www.microsoft.com/");

                var resp = await client.PostAsJsonAsync("https://www.googleapis.com/urlshortener/v1/url", new UrlShortener { LongUrl = uri });

                resp.EnsureSuccessStatusCode();

                var shortened = await resp.Content.ReadAsAsync<UrlShortenResponse>();

                Assert.AreEqual(shortened.LongUrl, uri);
            }
        }

        private class UrlShortener
        {
            [JsonProperty("longUrl")]
            public Uri LongUrl { get; set; }
        }

        private class UrlShortenResponse
        {
            public string Kind { get; set; }
            public Uri Id { get; set; }
            public Uri LongUrl { get; set; }
        }
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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$2,500,000 settlement for the family of a man who drowned in a poorly maintained apartment complex pool. After deducting attorney's fees and expenses, the clients' net recovery was $1,440,017.80.


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There are some feed ingredients in which as much as 50–80% of IE is lost as FE. Some grain by-products, such as ground corn, wheat, and wheat middlings, are included mainly as binders and fillers to enhance the physical characteristics of the pelleted feed. Clearly the appropriate level at which to include these poorly digested materials represents a compromise between the nutritional value of the diet and practical considerations such as the mechanical durability of the feed aggregate. Most fish species digest protein and lipid very well.
1993) for turbot (Scophthalmus maximus), Lupatsch et al. ), and Liu et al. 9. 8 for most species. 2. Effect of Temperature Fish are poikilothermic animals and water temperature, therefore, is the major factor determining their metabolic rate and energy expenditure. Variations in water (environmental) temperature have a great effect on their basal metabolism. 824 )−1 day−1 (3) where HEf is the fasting heat production (kJ), T is the water temperature (◦ C), and BW is the body weight (kg). Clarke and Johnson (1999) observed a curvilinear relationship between metabolic rate and temperature based on analysis of data from 69 teleost fish species.
More detailed studies with polar, temperate, and tropical species show no clear relationship between preferred environmental temperature and HEf or HeE across species (M´edale and Guillaume, 1999). 1. Bioenergetics 33 Within a species, increasing water temperature results in a curvilinear (almost-linear) increase in HeE up to a certain level (generally around the optimum temperature for growth), where an increase in temperature results in no increase in or, even, a depression of HeE. When the temperature is elevated further, fish stop feeding, and with further elevation metabolic disorders lead to death (upper lethal temperature).


text:
By: Shania Russell 20th Jul 2020 17th Jul 2020
Film, ReviewsFilm, masters of love, Reviews
REVIEW: 'Masters of Love' (2020) Approaches Romance With a Refreshing Sense of Vulnerability
"'Masters of Love' provides a particularly empathetic look into the lives of three fully-fleshed out characters."
Thanks to Hollywood tradition, rom-coms have long been defined by their clichés. Lighthearted and earnest, they often tell the story of a quirky character who, despite confronting a few twists and turns along the way, will find their fairy tale ending just waiting to be claimed. Although at its core, Masters of Love is a romantic comedy, filmmaker Matt Roberts takes a different approach to the genre, providing a candid look at love in the 21st Century.
Far from a sweeping tale of grand romance, Masters of Love provides an intimate look at three characters, equally uncertain about where their romantic lives have led them. The film's greatest achievement is painting a portrait of people whose struggles go beyond their dating lives, expanding into their careers and even personalities. Their conflicts, flaws and desires are interwoven in ways that they aren't always capable of seeing for themselves.
Soon-to-be-married Emmy (Sarah Ovens) believes she isn't ready to grow up. Despite her effortlessly organized fiancée, Samantha (Eleanor Fanyinka), planning the perfect wedding, her life feels far from settled. She struggles to find her place in a job where her opinions are shut down, while her fear of disappearing into married life bubbles to the surface. Yet, according to her brother Josh (Owen Roberts), she lives a "fairy tale life" not worth complaining about.
Josh faces rejection on all fronts, as his long-term relationship crumbles while his attempts to grow his food vlog are constantly dismissed. He soon finds himself on the couch of mutual friend, Niall (Ciaràn Dowd), a struggling comedian whose opening bit riffs on how impossible maintaining a relationship is. As Niall unhappily sleeps around, Josh mourns his relationship and Emmy wrestles with her future; all the while, the viewer is left to endure their every misstep, unable to do anything but hope for the best.
Courtesy of Signature Entertainment
Though the plot unravels slowly, the progression of events is never the point. The characters are easily the heart of the film. Despite the awkward and uncomfortable situations they find themselves in, it's difficult not to root for their success. Sarah Oven as Emmy is a particular highlight, her swarm of emotions intense and her relationship with Samantha endearingly sweet, even after the cracks begin to show. Their relationship is not only the most dynamic, but also the most fleshed out. Even so, Roberts and Dowd shape their characters into fully formed people, whose plights quickly elicit sympathy. Niall's despondency and pessimism are deftly balanced alongside his wry sense of humor, while Josh's vlogs stand out not for their comedic value, but for the insight they provide into his shaky emotional state.
The film's comedy is rarely overt, but emerges in moments of honesty, peeking out in the timing and delivery. Though there are interactions that feel undeniably scripted, the interactions between the core group of characters feel warm and familiar.
On the surface, Masters of Love is nothing viewers haven't seen before: it's an interwoven romantic tale of people who must ultimately confront their own fears and flaws if they ever expect to have a chance at happiness. But towards its ending, a character puts into words exactly what sets the film apart.
"The ones who think it's a fairy tale—they're the ones that don't last."
Masters of Love approaches romance with a refreshing sense of vulnerability, honesty and empathy. It creates characters whose self-destructive actions are frustratingly familiar and moments of pain unflinchingly real. Observant and bittersweet, the film provides a look into the lives of three people—into all the cracks of their relationships and the crevices of their character. At its core, Masters of Love understands that relationships are complex and never without struggle, but the possibility of something real makes it worth the pain.
Director: Matt Roberts
Producers: Matt Roberts, Mark Waites
Cast: Ciaràn Dowd, Sarah Ovens, Owen Roberts, Eleanor Fanyinka
Posted by:Shania Russell
Disability & Sexuality: Nothing About Us Without Us
Jeepers! It's Queer Censorship in Children's Entertainment!


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text:
Critical Analysis of Herman Melville's Moby Dick
Critical Analysis of Herman Melville's…
"Moby Dick is biographic of Melville in the sense that it discloses every nook and cranny of his imagination." (Humford 41) This paper is a psychological study of Moby Dick. Moby Dick was based on Melville's personal experiences, based on the adventures of Ishmael. Ishmael is an introverted, lonely, and alienated individual. He wishes to see the "watery part of the world." Moby Dick begins with the main character, Ishmael, introducing himself with the line "Call Me Ishmael." (Melville 1)
Ishmael explains about his background, with a depressed tone for the readers. "Some years ago-never mind how long precisely- having little or no money in my purse, and nothing particular to interest me on shore, I thought I would sail about a little and see the watery part of the world." (Melville 1) Storytelling revolves around his experiences in various towns such as New Bedford, Nankantuket. Eventually while in Nankantuket, Ishmael signed up for a whaling voyage on the Pequod. On this ship, characters like Queequeq, Starbuck, and the captain of the ship, Ahab, all voyaged together. Ahab, the captain of the ship, reveals his plan to hunt down a white whale named 'Moby Dick'. Ahab was a stone-hearted veteran sailor with a strong grudge against Moby Dick. Moby Dick was responsible for taking off Ahab's leg in his previous voyage. Ahab's planned an unauthorized takeover, which the whaling company had not in mind. Ahab irrationalism and ludicrous mindset seals the fate for Pequod's crew. In the tragic ending of Moby Dick, only Ishmael manages to survive, which was mainly due to the help of a coffin that his close friend built. Ishmael was a special character as he closely relates to the author's personal life.
There are several symbolisms between Ishmael and Herman Melville's own life. The name, Ishmael, can be traced back to the Bible. The Biblical story of Ishmael is one of a rejected outcast. This "rejected outcast" is linked to Ishmael of Moby Dick and Herman's own life. Herman's childhood played a crucial role in his life. His unconventional childhood full of twist and turns is evident throughout his writings. Born on August 1, 1819, in New York City, Herman was the third of 8 children. His mother belonged to Gansevoort's of Albany, who were Dutch brewers settled in Albany in the 17th century, achieving the status of the landed gentry.
"The Gansevoort's were eminent and prosperous people; while the (Herman's Father's side) Melvilles were somewhat less successful materially, possessing an unpredictable. erratic, mercurial strain." (Edinger 6) This huge difference became the root of Melville family's problems. While Herman's mother worked her way up the social ladder by moving into bigger and better homes, his father was spending way more than he earnt. "It is my conclusion that Maria Melville never committed herself emotionally to her husband but remained primarily attached to the well off Gansevoort family." (Humford 23) Allan Melville was also financially attached to Gansevoorts for support. "Apparently, the older son Gansevoort who carried the mother's maiden name was distinctly her favorite." (Edinger 7) Just like the Biblical Ishmael, the author felt alienated from his mother. The following are a few excerpts from some of Melville's works that reflects his childhood. A passage from Melville's Redburn shows that Melville was attached to his mother, "The name of the mother was the centre of all my heart's finest feelings." (Melville 33) Another poem he wrote says " I made the junior feel his place Subserve the senior, love him too; And soothe he does, and that is his saving grace But me the meek one never can serve, Hot he, he lacks quality keen, To make the mother through the soon, An envied dame of power a social queen". (Melville 211) Herman's father's side originally Scots with connections in the peerage, who were Boston merchants.
Allan Melville was a merchant and importer, dealing with French goods. "Allan Melville seems to have been socially charming and sensitive, but basically weak, with a long-standing dependence on his father, and more especially on his wife's bother Peter Gansevoort." (Humford 33) "Allan Melville's sons may have found a more substantial father experience with their maternal uncle Peter Gansevoort." (Edinger 8) Herman's father unintentionally neglected his children by being too involved in business. Allan Melville's unrealism and wishful optimism led to the financial crisis. "He seems to have been a man who constantly lived beyond his means, continually expecting a great windfall to be around the corner." (Humford 35) Allan Melville borrowed money for his business, but he was also trying to fulfill his wife's social ambitions by moving into larger homes. Eventually, that bubble burst and Allan Melville had fallen into a total financial and psychological collapse. Despite having good intentions, his money management was impractical. Family's dependence on the fatherly figure, Peter Gansevoort, grew after his father passed away following the financial collapse, affecting Herman's early psychological development. The effects would show up in his later writings. Herman's relatives helped as much as they could. Herman was forced to quit education and work when he was just 12. His older brother, who was conventionally the successful one owned a hat store. After a few months of job hunting failed, he decided to work at his brother's hat store. Gansevoort, his brother, eventually opened a law office and later became prominent in politics.
Herman Melville's Billy Budd: Analysis
"This is not the way Herman doubtless felt that one's adolescence should open." (Humford 40) Herman's ambitions to go to college, become an orator, and travel ceased to exist. "Herman was as unambitious as a man of sixty. Such careers do not begin at a hat shop." (Humford 41) He felt as lost as the Biblical Ishamel. Herman signed up as a common sailor on a merchant vessel sailing for Liverpool at the age of 20, following the uncertainty. (Edinger 22) After four months, Herman was back from his voyage, still lost and aimless. He signed up for a four-year voyage on a whaling ship when he was 21. (Edinger 22) While people his age were in college, Melville wrote in Moby Dick, "A whaling ship was my Yale College and Harvard." "From a cultivated, genteel environment, Melville was suddenly plunged, unprepared into the coarse life of the sea." (Rosenberry 31) "Moby Dick begins with the striking sentence, 'Call me Ishmael,' we are immediately confronted with the figure of the rejected outcast, the alienated man." (Porter 15) At the beginning of Judaic mythical history stands the figure of Abraham, the progenitor of the Jews. Abraham had two sons, Isaac, the legitimate, the accepted one, and Ishmael, the illegitimate, the rejected one. In the Bible (Gen:16) an angel speaks to Ishmael's mother Hagar saying; Behold, you are with a child and shall bear a son; you shall call him Ishmael; because the Lord has given heed to your affliction. He shall be a wild ass of a man, his hand against every man and every mans' hand against him, and he shall dwell over against all his kinsman. (Gen:16) Ishamel and his mother Hagar were cast into the wilderness to die. God saved Ishmael, who led the Muslims.
Issac, Ishmael's brother was a Christian. Christian's believe Ishmael was the enemy, and one who must be repressed and rejected. "To himself, Ishmael is the rejected orphan who through no fault of his own has been cruelly cast out and condemned to wander beyond the pale." (McSwenny 25) This connects well with Melville's life as his mother's neglected him for his brother and his father died. Melville's writings show that he was preoccupied throughout his life with figure of Ishmael. In Mardi he writes, "sailors are mostly foundlings and castaways and carry their kith and kin in their arms and legs." (Melville 21) In Redburn Melville writes "at last I have found myself a sort of Ishmael on the ship, without a single friend or companion." (60) In Pierre Melville writes "so that once more he might not feed himself driven out an Ishmael into the desert, with no maternal Haggard to accompany and comfort him." (125) "Melville had what might be called an 'Ishmael complex.'" It had two sources; personal life experience and identification with an archetypal image." (Edinger 16) The personal cause would be the insanity and death of his father and the following hardships. Melville was twelve and a half at the time when his father died, close to the Biblical Ishmael, who was thirteen.
"Most of the action is seen through the eyes of Ishmael. He will thus represent the author's ego…" (Edinger 10) If Melville was personally identified with the figure of Ishmael, it has more than a personal meaning, it represents the opposing attitude. "To speak as Ishmael means to speak from a position outside the orthodox convention." (Glien 89) If there is any doubt that the name Ishmael symbolizes a state of alienation and despair, this doubt can not survive the first paragraph of Moby Dick. "What does the opening sentence of Moby Dick mean? Ishmael is trying to say never mind what my real name is but think of me as a rejected outcast." (Dickinson 23) The mood of a "damp, drizzly November in the soul," sets the whole mood for the whole novel. "It is a state of depression, emptiness, and alienation from life values." (Glien 60) Herman Melville experienced many hardships in his life; an unstable childhood, neglecting by his mother, and his father not being the center male figure in the family. His father was a weak-willed individual who lived beyond his means, depending on his brother in law for financial support. His father's ultimate demise led to psychology effects as well. These hardships are symbolized in Moby Dick through Ishmael. Moby dick ultimately reflects the life of the Author and the hardships he went through.
The Bible. Revised Standard Version. Edinger, Edward. Melville's Moby Dick: A Jungian Commentary. New York: New Directions Books, 1978.
Glein, William. The Meaning of Moby Dick. NewYork: Russel & Russel, 1962.
Humford, Lewis. Herman Melville. New York: Quinn & Borden Comany Inc, 1929.
McSweeny, Kerry. Moby Dick, Ishmael's Mighty Book. Boston: Twayne Publishers, 1986.
Melville, Herman. Mardi. New York: New American Library, 1964.
Melvillle, Herman. Moby Dick. New York: Hendricks House, 1962.
Melville, Herman. Pierre. New York: Hendricks House, 1962.
Melville, Herman. Redburn. Garden City: Doubleday & Co, 1957.
Melville, Herman. "Timolean," Collected Poems. Chicago: Packard & Co, 1947.
Porter, Carolyn. "Call Me Ishmael or How to Make Double Talk Speak." New Essays on Moby Dick. Ed. Richard Brodhead. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1986.
Rosenberry, Edward. Melville. New York: Routledge & Kegan Paul Ltd, 1979.
Cite this article as: William Anderson (Schoolworkhelper Editorial Team), "Critical Analysis of Herman Melville's Moby Dick," in SchoolWorkHelper, 2019, https://schoolworkhelper.net/critical-analysis-of-herman-melvilles-moby-dick/.
Tags: Herman MelvilleIshmaelMoby Dick
Melville's Moby Dick: Great White Whale
Herman Melville's "Bartleby, the Scrivener": Summary & Analysis
Herman Melville: Biography & Author
Dystopia in A Clockwork Orange
Edna's Relationships in Kate Chopin's The Awakening


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Q: Writing Polar Equations In Parametric Form For an example problem, in my textbook, the author wanted to demonstrate how to graph a polar function. Deeming it most convenient, my author took the polar function $r=2\cos 3\theta$, and re-wrote it as the parametric equations $x=2\cos 3\theta \cos \theta$ and $y=2\cos 3\theta \sin \theta$. How did the author arrive at these parametric equations?

A: Hint: Use this fact that there is a transformation from Cartesian coordinate to Polar coordinate: $$x=r\cos(\theta), y=r\sin(\theta),\;\; r>0\;\;\text{and}\;\; \theta\in[0,2\pi]$$

A: Generaly if $r(\theta)$ is the polar function, the cartesian coordinates are given by $x(\theta)=r(\theta)\cos \theta$ and $y(\theta)=r(\theta)\sin \theta$. These are your parametric equations.

A: You can simply use the standard transformation from Cartesian coordinates to polar coordinate: Given $r>0\;\text{and}\;\theta\in [0,2\pi)$
$$x=r\cos(\theta),\tag{$x$}$$ $$y=r\sin(\theta)\tag{$y$}$$
You are given that $$r=2\cos (3\theta)\tag{$r$}$$ So, replacing $r$ in each of the equations $(x)$ and $(y)$ with its equivalent $r = [2\cos(3\theta)]$, gives you:
$$x=[2\cos (3\theta)] \cos (\theta)\;\;\text{and}\;\; y=[2\cos (3\theta)] \sin (\theta).$$

Here's a nice image to help make sense of the "standard transformation" from Cartesian to polar coordinates: The Cartesian point $(x, y)$ is the furthest point from the origin along the blue line (length $r$), so given $\theta$ and the radius $r$, $(x, y) = (r\cos
\theta, r \sin\theta)$.
It also helps to note the right triangle: $$\cos\theta = \dfrac{x}{r} \iff x = r \cos\theta\;\text{ and}\;\sin\theta = \dfrac yr \iff y = r\sin\theta.$$ This image is a good reminder as to how to transform $x, y$ into polar coordinates.

See also Polar coordinate system.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Born from PBC Linear, manufacturer of linear motion components actuators and motors offer its Workbench 3D printer with a printing build volume of 1 × 1 × 0.5 meter. The machine's SurePrint servo technology enables print layer resolution a low as 70 microns for a range of materials including ABS, Nylon and others. Plus, a folding gantry enables the machine to fit through a standard-sized door.
This machine can be used for a variety of applications for printing prototypes, production parts, artwork and sculptures, and personalized items commonly derived from 3D scans often used in the medical, fashion, education and entertainment industries. That said, machine shops can also use it to print jigs, fixtures and other components. In fact, 3DP has done that for its own in-house production needs.
For example, the company printed the profile rail wiper shown to the right for one of its machine tools. Although that machine has built-in rail surface wipers that push big steel chips off the rail surfaces, the wiper failed to catch smaller pieces that can be caught in between the rail and the ball bearing system, causing the ball bearing system to fail prematurely. The printed rail wiper added to the machine keeps small chips off the rail while helping retain oil and lubrication in the rail bearings.
In addition, 3DP printed a thread rolling machine die holder that stores the entire set of thread rolling instruments conveniently in one place, supporting the company's 5S workplace organization efforts.


The Reegle Blog has a very good overview of the curent state of development of renewable energy projects in Chile. My only quibble with the article is that it focuses solely on wind and solar projects, omitting other forms of renewable energy under development or being looked at in Chile, such as geothermal (where Chile has interesting potential), wave energy, biofuels, and the use of biodigestors to produce gas to power turbines in a rural setting. Nonetheless, I highly recommend the article. Unless Reegle beats me to it (quite possible, as backlogged as I am!), I plan to do posts on those energy sources in a Chilean context in the near future.


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Superheroes in the Field
Dyson Chee
2018 Young Superhero for Earth Award
Dyson Chee is a homeschooled junior who resides in Honolulu, Hawaii. He believes that the world is everyone's classroom and takes a project-based learning approach to fulfill many of his interests, which include ocean conservation, scientific research, and politics. While interning at a world-renowned coral research lab and the Hawaii State Capitol, he has also been working on a various range of issues related to ocean pollution by crafting a high-schooler led initiative, Project O.C.E.A.N., which supports and promotes environmental bills with fellow students, and actively engaging other youth.
Dyson ultimately hopes to inspire youth to be engaged and make a positive difference in the community, and his own work is greatly inspired by other young people. Dyson Chee currently serves as an ambassador for two non profit organizations: Philippe Cousteau's EarthEcho International and Student Voice. In March 2018, he was awarded The National Billy Michal Student Leadership Award by The National WWII Museum for his strong record of volunteerism, school and community activism, and helping to implement creative solutions to recognized problems. Dyson is also one of the 2018 Ocean Heroes Champions. Learn More


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Tag: The Wednesday Chef
Portland: Foodie Happenstance
Though we had planned to vacation in Portland during the fall, it was simply a happy coincidence that our trip happened to coincide with some great food-related events.
An Evening with Mark Bittman
Feast Portland: A Celebration of Oregon Bounty, was a four day festival in September highlighting the chefs, producers and food artisans in the state. We weren't able to take in all that many events (it would have busted our food budget for the entire trip), but we prioritized and made it to three.
The first was an Evening with Mark Bittman, where he would be delivering a talk titled "The Future of Food". I've been following Bittman's writing and cooking his recipes for a few years now, so it was neat to be able to hear him speak in person.
Waiting for Mark Bittman
The Arlene Schnitzer Concert Hall was packed, everyone eager to hear the New York Times columnist take on the current state of food in America. Without question, Bittman was preaching to the choir (and really, if you've read Food Matters, there wasn't anything groundbreaking to add), but I still appreciated his passion on the subject. The one stat that stuck with me was that only 1/4 meals eaten in the US contains a fruit or vegetable (shockingly, that stat would be 1/5, but the perfunctory piece of lettuce on a burger counts). He also talked about the importance of the upcoming soda tax vote in Richmond, California, as it had the possibility, if passed, of rippling outward (unfortunately, the measure wasn't passed – you can congratulate the soft drink lobby for their victory there).
Oregon Grand Bounty Tasting
I was a little heartbroken that tickets for the Feast Night Market were sold out by the time I got around to the website, so the Oregon Grand Bounty Tasting was a bit of a consolation prize. The $60 tickets set a level of expectation, but we were in the dark as to how the event would unfold, given there wasn't much information available. We should have known better – though this was the first Feast festival in Portland, it followed a successful template replicated in other cities like New York, so there was little chance of anything but an amazing event to anticipate.
The organizers had fenced off Pioneer Courthouse Square for a few days in preparation, so we were eager to see what was behind the blacked-out walls. Turns out, the event was true to its name – it really did showcase the bounty offered by the state.
How do you like 'dem onions?
We initially didn't think the Square would be big enough to hold the hundreds of people streaming in, but the organizers did an excellent job of using all built-in tiers to their advantage. Higher-end wine tastings were offered on the terrace, while the majority of food and libations samples were distributed in a massive tent on the ground level. Best of all, a cooking stage had been set up facing the outdoor amphitheatre.
Inside the tasting tent
Cooking stage
We learned about some great locally-produced products, from cheeses and baked goods to seafood. Notably, we were introduced to Jacobsen Salt (the first locally-mined Oregon salt), Olympic Provisions (mind-blowing salami), and Salt & Straw ice cream. With the overwhelming number of producers present, it would have been helpful to have a comprehensive list of all of the vendors – instead, we had to rely on memory and pictures to remember which products we wanted to source out after the event.
Olympic Provisions
Baked treats
Hot Lips soda
Even Stumptown Coffee was represented!
In between tastes, we made sure to check out Chris Consentino's demonstration. We had stopped by his Boccalone outlet in the Ferry Market while in San Francisco, though he is probably more well-known for his restaurant Incanto, and appearances on a variety of Food Network shows. Charismatic and funny, he put together a very interesting dish featuring foie gras and pine branches.
Chef Consentino on stage with Bon Appetit Editor in Chief Adam Rapoport
Though I don't think we were able to sample $60 worth of product, we were more than satisfied with the variety of food and drink, and the overall experience of the Bounty. Bravo to the organizers!
Feast Speaker Series
Our final Feast event was a Speaker Series entitled "The Global Local: Re-imaging Food Cultures" at the Gerdling Theatre. Many of the speakers had come from out of state, which provided us with the opportunity to hear from some of the current movers and shakers in the American culinary world.
The event as a whole was impressively well thought out and organized. A folk band in the lobby set the tone as we walked in, while at intermission, identical food stations spread throughout the two levels were ready and waiting to dish out samples to the hungry audience (it helps when Whole Foods is a sponsor, but they alone couldn't account for the incredible efficiency of the set-up).
Theatre lobby
The lecture portion itself was also nicely done. The ten speakers were interspersed with brief video "field dispatches" that helped provide the audience with a visual context of the Oregon agricultural layout. Even the time keeper was thoughtfully chosen – a lone guitarist sitting just off the stage would start lightly strumming to gently remind speakers that their time was up.
In terms of content, because of our tourist status, we would have loved to hear more about Portland's food scene specifically (one of the questions in the promotional material that got us hooked was, "How has Portland become the talk of the American food scene?"), but I'm sure locals thirsted for more national stories.
Highlights for me included Portland restaurant critic Karen Brooks. She distributed three small tastes (a piece of chocolate and a coffee bean among them), wrapped up in a small canvas bag for each audience member. She then crafted a wonderful communal experience as she described what each of the foodstuffs meant to her, and invited all of us to enjoy each item together. It was an effective way of driving home her core idea that "food is trust" – each of us was intimately connected to the artisan producer that crafted the product.
Chef Sean Brock's discussion about the Charleston pantry seemed a little out of place, but it was interesting to hear his take on a popular rice-based Southern dish, hoppin' john, that he serves at his restaurant. It was especially interesting because South Carolina has only recently started to grow rice again. Brock shared, "story tastes good."
Francis Lam interviews Chef Brock
Chef Gabrielle Hamilton, of the famed NYC restaurant Prune, was charmingly blunt about locavorism. Eating local, she said, was unremarkable because it was simply how she grew up.
Lucky Peach Editor in Chief Chris Ying also brought down the house with his tongue-in-cheek takedown of Yelp reviews.
Chris Ying deduces the true identity of a Yelp poster
Reflection about how, what and why we eat what we do in the context of the landscape and culture is fascinating to me, so I thought it was a valuable learning experience. I hope Edmonton can replicate this (on a smaller scale, of course) someday!
Meeting The Wednesday Chef
I've been reading Luisa Weiss's blog, The Wednesday Chef, for a few years now. While some of the recipes she captured caught my eye, it was the window into her life that kept me coming back. When it was announced that Luisa would be releasing a memoir, I knew I would pick it up – I wanted to learn more about her story, and of course, glean a few more of her recipes.
My Berlin Kitchen maybe didn't flow as well as I wanted it to (many of the chapters seemed to be built around specific recipes, which works as individual blog entries, but not as well in a novel format), but Luisa's elegant prose and ability to connect with the reader still made it an enjoyable read. So when I found out Luisa would happen to be in Portland conducting a reading and book signing at Powell's the week we were in town, I knew I had to be there!
Reading from My Berlin Kitchen
She was as sweet and articulate in person as you would expect, and seemed very genuine. The Q & A with the audience surprisingly focused more on her life and thoughts about Berlin; I really thought there would be more blog-related questions. I asked her how she feels her blog has changed over the years – she responded that it has become more personal, with people relating to her experiences.
With Luisa!
You never know what food-related events will crop up in Portland!
Sharon Yeo festivals, food, lectures, Portland, travel 1 Comment February 8, 2013 6 Minutes