text:
Blog: Aviation Cyber Security
EFB Tampering. Approach and Landing Performance Part 1
PTP Aviation Team 14 Sep 2021
Approach and Landing Performance Part 1: Introduction and Landing Distance Calculations
Click here for part 2
Approach and landing performance applications perform calculations to provide critical performance data to pilots (e.g. speed / flap settings on approach)
Modifying any one of these could have severe consequences. For example, an aircraft going off the end of a runway or colliding with another aircraft on the runway due to incorrect landing distance calculations
To assess risk we used licenced commercial pilots in our simulator having made various modifications to an approach and landing performance application installed on an EFB
In a previous post we discussed the potential consequences of tampered take-off performance applications. We now discuss the integrity of Approach and Landing Performance applications, and potential consequences of them being tampered with.
As with the take-off performance application, PTP modified an approach and landing performance application on an EFB. In order to assess risks accurately we used licenced airline pilots in our commercial aircraft simulator – the pilots carried out tasks as if they were on a commercial flight including completing any applicable cross-checks. This ensured our assessment was accurate and enabled us to determine if there are any weaknesses as well as to consider what improvements could be made.
Approach and landing calculations
Calculation of approach and landing performance has always been a critical part of the planning phase prior to conducting an approach/landing. Various performance items need to be considered including;
What speed and flap setting to use on approach / landing?
How much runway is needed to stop the aircraft? Are Land And Hold Short (LAHSO) operations in use and if so will this be a concern for the stopping distance?
What sort of braking will be required and is reverse thrust required?
What are the weather conditions? Is the temperature a consideration (is it cold, i.e. will the altimeter overread)?
What is the elevation of the runway and is there any runway slope?
The calculation of these items is critical. A miscalculation could have significant consequences and hence in many airlines both pilots are required to independently calculate approach / landing performance. As a gross error check a comparison of the pilot's calculations is then made.
Whilst many pilots still use paper charts with a pen and paper to calculate their approach / landing performance, it is becoming increasingly common to calculate the performance using EFBs. Accuracy and efficiency (time saving) is improved by using EFB applications, all in all the use of EFBs ensures a more robust calculation of performance.
In airlines where pilots use paper charts to calculate their performance, whilst the EFB isn't doing the calculation is may still be providing much of the required data. Airport charts displaying critical data may be consulted from the EFB with items like the Landing Distance Available being obtained from the EFB chart / manual application.
As with take-off performance, sadly there have been multiple accidents over the years with the cause being attributable to the incorrect calculation of approach and / or landing performance.
It is also important to consider secondary effects of any miscalculation, including human factors. Pilot perception of a threat can affect their behaviour and how they handle the aircraft (including deliberate mishandling). In 1997, an MD11 crashed on landing in Newark, USA. The NTSB report states: "The flight crew's calculation error in determining the runway length required for landing influenced the Captain's subsequent actions during final approach and landing by… touching down early". The report also stated "… confusion about calculated landing distances may result in potentially hazardous miscalculations of available runway distances after touchdown".
The FedEx pilots concern about being able to stop the aircraft within the landing distance available resulted their mishandling of the aircraft on landing. A bounce followed by significant yaw and roll (resulting in a crash) was the outcome.
Full report: https://reports.aviation-safety.net/1997/19970731-0_MD11_N611FE.pdf
The FedEx accident has similarities to the Iberia A340-600 which overran the runway in Quito, Ecuador in 2007. The pilots deliberately dipped below the approach profile in order to attempt to land at the very beginning of the runway due to their concern about their ability to stop the aircraft prior to the runway end. This resulted in a hard landing, damaging important parts of the aircraft making it impossible to stop on the runway. Whilst all those on board survived the Iberia accident, the aircraft was written off.
Iberia A340 overrun at Quito, Ecuador
(More photos of Iberia Quito overrun available at: https://www.jetphotos.com/photographer/5766/photos)
Landing Distance Calculations
Runways come in various shapes and sizes (whilst always rectangular, runways are often built on terrain that isn't completely flat and therefore have varying degrees of slope).
Pilots assess the runway in use and decide upon an appropriate configuration for their landing. In order to assess where they must land by and what sort of braking will be needed, pilots determine the Landing Distance Available and then compare it with the calculated Landing Distance Required. Put simply, the Landing Distance Available must be greater than the Landing Distance Required.
Landing Distance Available (LDA):
The length of runway which is declared available and is suitable for the ground run of an aeroplane landing. This is a fixed distance, however landing after an extended "float" (a.k.a a "deep landing") will result in less than the entire LDA being available for the landing roll.
Landing Distance Required (LDR):
The required distance for an aeroplane to land and come to a complete stop. This is a variable distance and is affected by many factors. Aircraft weight / speed / flap / brake setting, weather conditions including wind / temperature, runway condition (dry / wet /icy) and slope, and several other factors affect the LDR
EFB's with landing performance applications enable pilots to compute the LDR. As with take-off performance applications, landing performance applications compute calculations locally as they often won't be able to receive signal / data in the air. They also need to be performed within a relatively short time (an hour or so) of landing when weather conditions and runways in use at the destination are known.
Having calculated the LDR, the applications often compare the LDR with the LDA and warn the pilots if there is a risk of the aircraft not stopping prior to the runway end. On EFB's where this function is not available, the pilots will compare the LDR with the LDA displayed on their approach chart to assess whether a deep landing would be an issue with regards to stopping on the runway, as well as appropriate autobrake settings. The lower the autobrake setting, the longer the landing roll will be.
When determining the autobrake setting, consideration is given to minimising brake wear. As with cars, aircraft brakes become worn over time and are replaced when they no longer perform adequately. Consequently, provided runway occupancy is not an issue, pilots will aim to minimise brake wear by using autobrake settings that result in longer (but still safe) landing rolls.
In May 2015, a Virgin Australia 737-800 stopped 5m from the runway end having landed within the required touchdown zone, using full reverse thrust, speedbrakes, and the autobrake function worked correctly. Ultimately the crew overrode the autobrakes and applied maximum manual braking whilst retaining full reverse thrust for longer than used in normal operations – thus preventing a runway excursion (by 5m).
The ATSB found that the crew calculated the landing distance required (LDR) using data for a dry runway, when in fact the runway was wet. As a result, the landing roll was significantly longer than it was expected to be. It was also noted that a 5 knot tailwind existed on final approach – something which had not been accounted for in the performance calculation. Had both items been accounted for, the subsequent calculations showed the aircraft's expected landing distance increased by around 12%.
It should be noted that most state and airline policies require a safety margin to be applied to landing distances. Commonly a 15% safety margin is applied, i.e. the calculated LDR is increased by 15% and then a comparison with the LDA is made. If the LDR (including safety margin) is greater than the LDA, either a higher deceleration rate is required (generally by increasing the brake setting / using a greater flap setting) or a different runway should be used. The ATSB stated that the 15% margin HAD been applied in the above incident, but the stopping performance was still worse than expected.
As with the take-off performance case, PTP were able to modify landing performance calculations. With the same conditions for landing, we were able to produce different outputs for the LDR – with no way of discerning that an incorrect LDR was being calculated:
Using the information above, the following graphic shows the stopping distances on a runway that is 2500m long:
Runway excursion risk
In simple terms not enough runway to stop the aircraft prior to the runway end. This can essentially be broken down into two sections:
Misrepresentation of the Landing Distance Available (i.e. changing the runway length)
Miscalculation of the actual Landing Distance Required (how much runway is needed to stop the aircraft). This could either be through directly modifying the application to produce an incorrect output (such as always presenting the same result – irrespective of the data entry), or modifying the stored data to reduce the calculation output (e.g. modifying the temperature effect on landing distance, or perhaps more significantly, supressing the effect of a tailwind on landing distance)
Modification of the LDR to suggest the aircraft will stop in a shorter distance than reality has obvious potential threat, as does modification of the LDA to suggest the runway is longer than it actually is. Pilots "should" reference charts to confirm the runway length is correct in the application, but this step is easily missed. However, there is no way of confirming the stopping distance calculated is correct – pilot experience would hopefully highlight gross errors e.g. 50% increases in landing distance, but smaller deviations would be unlikely to be noticed.
Runway and airfield weather conditions
Effectiveness of braking is significantly affected by runway contamination (water / snow / ice). Stopping distances can increase (in some instances by more than double) depending on runway condition, hence accurate calculation of the LDR is especially critical in poor weather scenarios.
When calculating LDR on contaminated runways, EFB performance applications generally apply factors to the dry runway LDR – these factors are stored in the database on the EFB. Modification of any of the applicable factors would produce a different LDR calculation.
Modifying the tailwind factor could have a very significant effect. In most instances it is acceptable to land with a tailwind, provided it is accurately accounted for. As a rule-of-thumb, the landing distance increases by 21% for the first 10 knots of tailwind. Suppression or reduction of the effect of a tailwind would likely result in a significantly increased (but unaccounted for) landing roll.
Unserviceable aircraft equipment
Aircraft regularly fly with unserviceable parts. Considering the number of items / parts fitted to a commercial aircraft, it is almost impossible to keep every item serviceable all the time. As a result, aircraft manufacturers create manuals which specify which parts can be unserviceable and for what duration is the unserviceability of that part acceptable (i.e. when does an engineer need to fix the part by). These manuals are called Minimum Equipment Lists (MEL) or Dispatch Deviation Guides (DDG).
The MEL / DDG will specify what factor needs to be applied to landing distances in the case of unserviceable parts. Landing performance applications allow pilots to select the aircraft deficiency and then the factor is applied automatically to the landing distance. For example, one wheel brake being inoperative could require the computed landing distance to be increased by 10%. If a factor was modified then the pilots often have no way of knowing whether it had been applied correctly as many applications do not display the factor being applied in the performance application itself. Instead, they tend to display "Factor Applied", or something similar.
We were able to supress the effect of inoperative items on a landing performance application. The application still showed that a performance correction had been applied, when it hadn't. In the take-off case the required thrust setting increased by 20% when applying the MEL factor. Suppression of this factor meant that the calculated thrust setting was 20% lower than it should be, yet the application displayed "Factor Applied". For landing calculations, suppressing the factor meant the landing distance calculation was up to 50% shorter than it should have been.
Suppressed MEL factor LDR calculation
Incidents / accidents
TACA International Airlines at TGU in 2008, overran the runway having landed with a 12 knot tailwind on a wet runway. Crew applied full manual braking 4 seconds after touchdown, unable to stop the aircraft prior to runway end the aircraft overran the runway at 54 knots resulting in several fatalities.
Report: Final report not being disclosed publicly, preliminary report: https://reports.aviation-safety.net/2008/20080530-0_A320_EI-TAF_PRELIM.pdf
Virgin Australia 737 at CHC in 2015, stopped 5m from runway end. Crew calculated LDR based on a dry runway when in fact the runway was wet. Also, a tailwind existed which had not been accounted for.
Report: https://www.atsb.gov.au/media/5774950/ao-2015-046-final.pdf
Iberia A340 at UIO in 2007, overran the runway after the pilot dipped below the profile to land on the runway due to concern about stopping distance.
Report: https://www.skybrary.aero/bookshelf/books/1689.pdf
FedEx MD11 at EWR in 1997, aircraft bounced and crashed after the pilot mishandled the aircraft on landing due to concerns about runway distance required. The crew miscalculated the landing distance available on the Airport Performance Laptop Computer.
Report: https://www.ntsb.gov/investigations/AccidentReports/Reports/AAR0002.pdf
SkyLease 747 at YHZ in 2018, aircraft landed with an 8 knot tailwind but was unable to stop, ultimately stopping 210m past the runway end.
Report: Investigation ongoing
Westjet 737 at YHZ in 2020, aircraft landed and overran the runway. Whilst the investigation is ongoing, the weather at the time included a tailwind on the landing runway and the runway condition was 100% wet snow.
Ground collision / runway incursion risk
Land And Hold Short Operations (LAHSO) is a procedure mainly used in the USA. It is an air traffic control procedure for aircraft landing and holding short of an intersecting runway or point on a runway, enabling an increase in efficiency through increased runway availability / capacity.
There are several variations of LAHSO. In the image below one aircraft is landing, the other aircraft is taking-off. The landing aircraft will be instructed to "land and hold short" of the intersecting runway (currently being used for take-off). The aircraft taking off is provided will full use of its runway.
Pilots carry out a calculation of their landing distance and assess whether they can land and stop prior to any intersections on LAHSO runways. If the LDR is close to or over the distance available prior to the intersection, increased deceleration (more braking / flap) would be needed – the alternative is to either refuse LAHSO or request a different runway. If the LDR was miscalculated pilots may believe they can land and stop prior to any intersecting runways, leading them into a false sense of security. The point at which this would become apparent would be when the aircraft fails to stop in time – i.e. too late. The result would be a potential runway incursion with the amplified threat of two aircraft colliding.
United Airlines 737 at Chicago O'Hare in 1997, aircraft landed but was unable to stop prior to the intersecting runway due to strong winds. A Boeing 747 taking off from the intersecting runway was instructed to stop by ATC, with the pilots braking so hard 6 tyres blew.
Report: None publicly available
Show all Android (70) Automotive Security (20) Aviation Cyber Security (26) Blockchain (3) Breach Handling (1) Careers At PTP (1) Cloud Security (2) Code Repository (1) Consumer Advice (27) Cyber Essentials (1) Cyber Liability Insurance (5) Forensics (1) Hardware Hacking (13) Heartbleed (5) Honeypots (6) How Tos (246) ICS, IIoT, SCADA (16) In the news (1) Incident Response (4) Internet Of Things (162) Macs / Apple (30) Maritime Cyber Security (37) Opinions (105) Passwords (38) PCI Advice (1) Ransomware (1) Red Teaming (25) Reverse Engineering (12) Security Blog (672) Shameless Self Promotion (8) Show on homepage (6) Social Engineering (10) Sustainability (1) Virtual Environments (1) Vulnerability Advisory (41) Vulnerability Disclosure (8)
See the other cool stuff we've been doing…
Domestic CCTV and audio recording
Audio bugging with the Fisher Price Chatter Bluetooth Telephone
Vulnerability Advisory
Gumtree – leaking your data and not really listening
A masterclass in responding to vulnerability disclosure: The Buddi app and tracker
What does the Product Security and Telecommunications Infrastructure bill mean for me?
Being introduced to, and getting to know your tester is an often overlooked part of the process. Yes, our work is über technical, but faceless relationships do nobody any good.
Meet the team »


Apparently we've taught the next generation very well; at least when it comes to a "quick fix" and immediate gratification we have. We introduced them to microwaved meals, drive thru windows, prepackaged/processed foods, high speed Internet and we've shown them what it looks like to cut corners in every sense of the word…including what it takes to be healthy and happy!
The wave on college campuses all across America is taking Adderall® (not prescribed to them) to stay focused for classes and during peak exam time. The newfound freedom, a hectic class schedule and the tendency for late nights comes with a price for most. Don't get me wrong, if someone has been prescribed Adderall® by a medical professional, that's one thing, and I'm not judging medically prescribed use of this drug. I'm referring to college students obtaining Adderall® by whatever means possible, because they have discovered that they can remain "more focused" than they can without it. As if this isn't enough to blow you away, I have yet to hear of a parent who is against it! In fact, I've spoken to a parent or two who have actually assisted in obtaining Adderall for their college student to help them stay more focused. But there are more and more parents burying their kids every single year because Adderall lead to death by suicide. For those cheering their kids along because of good grades while overlooking the use of Adderall®, perhaps you need to speak to a Mom or Dad that were forced into trading the cheering for mourning.
To make our Adderall® challenges even worse, now we're being warned of "fake" Adderall with comes with risks of its own. Fake Adderall® is being sold online and somebody is going to pay the price for it one way or another. My guess is that a big part of the influx in sales prompting this "underground" online "Adderall"frenzy stems from college students abusing the drug for the sake of "staying focused" and who are not willing to get a little more rest, forgo a few parties or buckle down for those good grates. They' d much rather get a quick fix.
WASHINGTON (Reuters) – Some websites are peddling fake versions of Adderall, a treatment for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder that is currently in short supply in the United States, federal regulators warned.
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration on Tuesday said it has learned of at least two cases in which people received counterfeit versions of the 30-milligram dose of the drug with the wrong active ingredients — ones that treat acute pain, not attention problems. The fake pill is ineffective and may be harmful, the FDA said.
IT'S NEVER TOO LATE TO PARENT!
There are much more important things in life than just good grades and at the TOP OF THE LIST should be GOOD HEALTH. Without health, we have nothing.
There is no replacement for rest. Not caffeinated drinks, not energy or sports drinks and certainly not Adderall® which can potentially rob them of their joy, it could toss them into depression and could cost them life.
Stress the importance of balance in all things! Warn them about things like Adderall® and talk to them about the RISKS of this kind of reckless solution to remaining artificially "alert" for their sake (as well as for the friends they might warn down the line).
There's a slight possibility that your child will get a semi-balanced meal if they are living on campus, but just in case; be sure they have a good multi vitamin too! Good nutrition is a giant step in feeling good!
If they want BRAIN POWER, they'll need to hydrate! Unless you (or they) are willing to purchase cases and cases of water stored in bottles guaranteed to expose them to things that cause cancer and disrupt hormones, you'll need to come up with a long-term, college-size solution for them! There is NO BETTER long-term solution than hydrating with Electrolyzed Reduced Water!
← It's a miracle! No…it's just water!
Great post Lynn! It's a shame that people are prioritizing short term goals like getting good grades through Adderall-induced all-nighters than the long term health of themselves.
I'm starting electrolyzed reduced water on Monday and excited to see the results! Water makes up most of our bodies and probably has to be the safest brain power booster out there.
Great minds think alike! So glad that you'll be introducing ERW to your body soon! You will be amazed at what the body can do when we give it what it needs. I'd be honored to walk you through the journey. If I can be of assistance, please let me know.


Abstract : This paper presents energy management strategy that includes a novel power split and optimization approach for the FED BRAVO program. AVL is responsible for developing and delivering the full hybrid propulsion system integrated into the Fuel Efficient Demonstrator (FED) Bravo vehicle, designed by PRIMUS. The developed energy management algorithm calculates component energy availability, driver demanded torque and manages the distribution of power between propulsion components. This includes a real-time, road load calculated power split between the three propulsion sources, namely Internal Combustion Engine (ICE), Integrated Starter Generator (ISG) and Front Motor (FMOT). Additionally, unique challenges of power split arose between the different propulsion sources due to the particular powertrain architecture selected for this vehicle i.e. a combined through the road and parallel hybrid structure. Specifically, the paper will discuss via case study the road load based power split and optimization methodology employed by AVL Powertrain and implemented on the FED BRAVO.


We believe kids and parents both can love summer! Summer gives us that much-needed break; however, summer can be too long and we start to get burned out. I believe in the motto, "If you fail to plan, you plan to fail'. Sounds almost too rigid but I have found that when I get things planned out and "scheduled", things get done. This goes with just about everything in life but lets' talk about summer fun! We want to help you get the most out of your summer! Write down your ideas and plans, that way you won't forget them. You can call it your summer bucket list and get your kids involved in the planning. Plan events with friends or family. That way you will be motivated to go and do things and your kids will love doing fun things with friends or cousins!


Do you love the idea of being your own boss and growing a successful business? Well, your first step in this endeavor is finding a small business for sale.
Buying a small business is an awesome way to become a business owner. If the company is profitable, your risks are much lower than if you backed an unproven startup.
There are many ways you can find these hidden gems — the local paper, online sites, and business brokers. But we're going to focus on where you can find them online.
Here are 7 sites you can visit to find successful businesses for sale.
BizBuySell.com will give you the options to buy a business, sell a business, and get help with financing.
To narrow down your results, you can search by categories, states, and countries. You can even set your minimum and maximum price range.
You can search by business type and the amount you're willing to invest. If you need a business broker, this site allows you to find one of those, too.
You can even set up email alerts for listings that match your searches. This way, you're looking even when you aren't online.
BizQuest.com actually lets you advertise a little while also letting you look for businesses for sale. You can also find business brokers by location, business type, and industry.
The ads that you post are sent to partner websites like The Wall Street Journal and New York Times. BizQuest also gives you the option to browse listings in top cities as well as the most popular franchises and industries.
BusinessBroker.Net has a ton of listings just waiting for you to sift through. You'll be able to search for businesses or franchises, find brokers, and see listings by industry and location.
So, it might not be able to help you narrow your search down quite as much as you want, given how many listings there are, but it does have a financing and loan center. You will be offered professional help to guide you with all your big business-purchasing decisions.
DealStream.Com is another one that will allow you to post ads for what you need. A huge variety of active businesses around the world use it, too. This means that it's good if you're trying to buy internationally.
You can post your ads for free and connect with important people like experienced entrepreneurs, investment bankers, and business brokers.
An important step when looking for businesses for sale is getting advice. This site will allow you to get it from people who have been right where you are.
BusinessesForSale.Com's name really makes sense for them, considering the huge amount of business listings they have available in the United States and around the world. This includes franchises and makes it one of the best places to go if you want to buy an international business.
If you go with BusinessForSale, you will also be able to get email alerts and a service directory if you need an accountant, broker, or lawyer.
LoopNet probably has the largest amount of listings available, making it the most reliable resource when it comes to discovering business for sale in your region. It even has an app form that's available in both Google Play and App Store. You'll be able to look for listings whenever you want, no matter where you are.
Not only is LoopNet perfect if you have a busy schedule, but it's also partnered with commercial real estate firms like Century21, Cushman & Wakefield, CBRE, Sperry Van Ness, and Re/Max Commercial.
If you're looking to sell your current business, LoopNet will give you the opportunity to list your firm. Alternatively, if you are looking to sell or transfer your business, you should read more on how to do that to make it easier on yourself.
BusinessMart.com has both businesses and franchises available, as well as resources and services to help you get the funding you need to buy a new business.
You can also search by location and business category, and search franchises by your available capital. If you're interested in selling your business, then BusinessMart offers ad listings that will reach countless buyers.
Their site also allows for potential buyers and small business owners to receive quotes from vendors for services like phone systems and credit card processing to help grow a business.
If all online sources fail, you can always go with the tried and true: calling around and asking. This can be a great way to get some leads and will help you get a feel for the current market in your area.
A lot of local businesses don't actually advertise that they're for sale because they might not want customers and employees to find out about it. They will hire a broker late into the process and just sit back and wait for a buyer to come to them.
Looking around at businesses for sale can help you get your foot in the door with becoming your own entrepreneur. There are many resources you can find online to help you or you can even call around. No matter what you do, your next business is right around the corner!
For more business advice and tips, visit the business section of our blog.


Sabta first started in 2013 as a dream to help Chicago businesses like yours grow. I saw companies reeling to adjust to a rapidly changing digital world and the marketing landscape was full of traditional agencies, one-dimensional specialists, and countless vendors peddling their particular product or service.
But there was nobody to help businesses pull everything together. So I started Sabta. My goal was to build an agency that focused on transparency, sound business strategy, and in-depth multi-channel marketing expertise.
Iman has a diverse background in business, marketing, and specifically in growing Chicago area businesses. As President of TrainSignal, he led marketing, sales and tech/development until selling the company in 2013 for $23.6 million. Since then he's helped grow Outcome Health/ContextMedia to one of the country's fastest growing companies. In his spare time he advises businesses as an active angel investor and mentors entrepreneurs across the country.
He's also a contributing writer for Entrepreneur Magazine, has been in Crain's Chicago Business, Wall Street Journal, Chicago Tribune & Chicago Sun Times.


text:
The Food Axis
Cooking, Eating, and the Architecture of American Houses
Elizabeth Cromley
Blending architectural and social history with the necessity—and the passion—for food, this engaging new book attempts to understand the development of the American house by viewing it through one very specific lens: the food axis. Taking in far more than the kitchen, author Elizabeth Collins... More
Drawn to Life
Al Hirschfeld and the Theater of Tennessee Williams
Mark Cave and David Leopold
Carolina Cottage
A Personal History of the Piazza House
Margaret Ruth Little
Margaret Ruth Little's new book is a celebration and a history of one of the most recognizable vernacular house types in the Upper South, the Carolina cottage. The one-and-one-half-story side-gabled cottage—with its most distinctive feature, an integral front porch known as a piazza—offers not only... More
Private Passion, Public Promise
The James W. and Frances G. McGlothlin Collection of American Art
Sylvia Yount. introduction by Alex Nyerges
"We have spent the last decade immersed in the world of American art, never suspecting early on that our desire to learn and appreciate this legacy could result in so meaningful a commitment to Virginia."—James W. McGlothlinPrivate Passion, Public Promise: The James W. and Frances G. McGlothlin... More
Unfinished Blues
Memories of a New Orleans Music Man
Harold R. Battiste
American Art at the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts
Elizabeth O'Leary, Sylvia Yount, Susan J. Rawles, and David Park Curry
With this publication, produced in conjunction with the largest expansion in the history of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, the full scope of the museum's outstanding American art collection is represented for the first time.Following an introduction tracing the history of American art at this... More
Pittsburgh and Western Pennsylvania
Lu Donnelly, H. David Brumble IV, and Franklin Toker
Buildings of Pennsylvania: Pittsburgh and Western Pennsylvania considers the architecture, landscape, and town plans of thirty-one counties west of Blue Mountain and north to Lake Erie, including cities and communities big and small, from Pittsburgh, Beaver Falls, Johnstown, and Altoona to... More
Jack Beckham Combs. introduction by Julia Sweig
Asked to conjure an image of Cuba, most Americans see a country of elegant, crumbling buildings and old American cars. While it takes less than twenty-five minutes to fly from Miami to Havana, the United States and its island neighbor have been mired in hostility and distrust since the Castro... More
Furnishing Louisiana
Creole and Acadian Furniture, 1735–1835
Jack D. Holden, H. Parrot Bacot, and Cybèle Gontar
Thomas Jefferson's Academical Village
The Creation of an Architectural Masterpiece
Richard Guy Wilson
Thomas Jefferson's design for the University of Virginia is widely hailed as a masterpiece. It is his greatest architectural accomplishment, the summation of his quest for intellectual freedom. The story of the University encompasses the political and architectural worlds, as Jeffeson struggled... More
Photography and New Media in South Africa, 1950 to the Present
Tosha Grantham
Photography and video are powerful tools for shaping perception and effecting change, as is convincingly portrayed through the images in this catalogue. Featuring the works of sixteen South African photographers and video artists from 1950 to the present, the catalogue was conceived to accompany... More
Buildings of Delaware
W. Barksdale Maynard
The latest volume in the Society of Architectural Historians' prestigious Buildings of the United States series, Buildings of Delaware is the first book to document the state's architectural history from all periods. Extensively illustrated with photographs and maps, and supplemented by a glossary... More
The Hand and the Soul
Aesthetics and Ethics in Architecture and Art
Sanda Iliescu, ed.
The essays in The Hand and the Soul explore the question of how ethical ideas guiding the design process--a concern for the environment or for social justice--relate to the beauty of our buildings, cities, and artworks. The book presents a range of viewpoints and does not ignore the perils of an... More
Buildings of Massachusetts
Metropolitan Boston
Keith Morgan, Richard M. Candee, Naomi Miller, and Roger G. Reed
This latest volume in the Society of Architectural Historians' Buildings of the United States series analyzes the architecture, landscape, and planning patterns of the capital of Massachusetts and forty surrounding cities and towns that fan out from Boston Harbor. The term "metropolitan" here... More
Matisse, Picasso, and Modern Art in Paris
The T. Catesby Jones Collections at the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts and the University of Virginia Art Museum
A New York lawyer with Virginia roots, T. Catesby Jones acquired an extraordinary collection of paintings, drawings, prints, and sculptures by some sixty artists working in Paris during the early twentieth century. Jones's collection of almost three hundred works, divided between two Virginia... More
Train Time
Railroads and the Imminent Reshaping of the United States Landscape
John R. Stilgoe
Unlike many United States industries, railroads are intrinsically linked to American soil and particular regions. Yet few Americans pay attention to rail lines, even though millions of them live in an economy and culture "waiting for the train." In Train Time: Railroads and the Imminent Reshaping... More
The Antebellum Photographs of Jay Dearborn Edwards, 1858–1861
Prodigy Houses of Virginia
Architecture and the Native Elite
Barbara Burlison Mooney
In a list of objectives and inquiries meant to guide and make profitable the European travel of two young Americans in 1788, Thomas Jefferson noted, "Architecture [is] worth great attention. As we double our numbers ever 20 years we must double our houses.... It is then among the most important... More
Art, Royalty & Power in the Age of Jamestown
Virginia Museum Of Fine Arts. Introductory essay by Richard Ormond. Catalogue entries by James Taylor
The British monarchy's abiding connection to the sea during the age of exploration was a critical factor in the establishment of Britain's first colonies in the New World. It is unsurprising, then, that, alongside grand portraiture, a strong tradition of maritime painting was established in the... More
A Noble Feast
English Silver from the Jerome and Rita Gans Collection at the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts
Celebrating the stunning beauty of English silver crafted over three centuries, A Noble Feast offers unique insight into the developments that took place in eating and drinking habits in Stuart, Hanoverian, and Victorian England. Foreign influences, not only from France, Spain, and Italy but also... More
Wildfowl Carving in Southeast Louisiana
Building After Katrina
Visions for the Gulf Coast
Betsy Roettger, ed.
After the devastation caused by Hurricanes Katrina and Rita in the fall of 2005, entire towns, neighborhoods, and ecologies were destroyed. What remains is a complex web of social, economic, environmental, and cultural issues that demand new strategies for inhabiting this land. During the spring... More
The Thomas Jefferson Foundation Medal in Architecture
The First Forty Years (1966-2005)
UVA - School of Architecture. Edited by Jayne Riew, Lydia Mattice Brandt, and Karen Van Lengen. With an introduction by Garry Wills
The Thomas Jefferson Foundation Medal in Architecture is one of the most prestigious honors awarded in the discipline of architecture and its related fields, arising from the unique environment afforded by Jefferson's design for the University of Virginia. Since 1966, the medal has recognized the... More
Buildings of Pittsburgh
Franklin Toker
At the forefront of national and international change, Pittsburgh has long been portrayed as a place for innovative architecture. From its origins as a fort built in 1753 at the urging of a twenty-one-year-old George Washington, through its industrial boom, and into contemporary times, when it has... More
The Last Undiscovered Place
David K. Leff
With warmth and a keen eye for the nuances of history and place, David K. Leff offers this affectionate, insightful portrait of his adopted home of Collinsville, Connecticut, a village that looked perfectly ordinary until he fell prey to its rhythms and charm. The town taught him a new way of... More

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


There are many wedding ring designs, to suit everyone's tastes. The main purpose, with wedding rings, is to pick a model that looks great on your finger and it's comfortable to wear. Most couples choose unisex wedding ring designs. They want to wear identical rings, and a simple gold band is the most common option. However, you have hundreds of options; so don't settle for the first wedding ring you see.
When you are shopping for wedding rings, you need to know that's not absolutely necessary to buy the same model for both of you. The rings need to match, but matching doesn't mean identical ones. Women prefer delicate, feminine wedding ring designs, while men just want something as simple and discreet as possible. Well, neither of you has to compromise and to get a ring that's not what they dream of. Pick the style – for example, you can decide on modern, white gold wedding rings, that combine polished and matte finishes. From there, you can personalize the ring, to be perfect for you. Ladies can add some small stones to it, for a more feminine, appealing look. You can select traditional, white small diamonds, or you can go with colored gems. Your birthstone, for example, might be the right choice for the wedding ring. As for men, they can skip the stones and keep the ring as simple as they like.
Wedding rings are the symbol of your love and they will always remind you of your wedding day. They are meant to be worn every day, for the rest of your life. So it's very important to select wedding ring designs that both of you love and that are suitable for everyday wear. If you pick models with facets or that stuck out, make sure that the interior side, the ones that comes directly on the finger, is flat. The rings with a circular shape are uncomfortable to wear, they slip from the finger easily and you risk losing them. The size is also extremely important. If the ring is too tight, it will hurt your finger and make it swell. If the ring is too large, it can cause skin problems, because it rubs a lot against your finger.
Modern wedding ring designs are very appealing, both for men and women. If you want identical rings for the both of you, then this is the style you need. Modern designs come with simple, geometrical shapes and concentrate more on textures and finishes. You can find great combinations: white and yellow gold, shiny and silk finishes combined with mattes and textured ones. Very fashionable, those days, are platinum and even stainless steel. The combination between platinum and steel is very unusual, but extremely elegant.
Incorporating symbols of your love in the wedding ring designs is a very sweet, romantic idea. For example, you can use your initials as the leitmotiv of your wedding rings. You can also add special symbols, like twin hearts, flowers and so on. You can engrave the ring with something special for the two of you: the date you met, your wedding date, your favorite quotation or verse. You can even choose an unusual metal for your wedding ring, one that symbolizes the strength of your love. A good idea is wedding rings made of tungsten. This is the strongest, most durable metal used for jewelries, especially for wedding rings. It's practically indestructible, just like your love. This is making it the perfect material for wedding rings.
To conclude, the best wedding ring designs are the ones that suit your personality. You have a lot of options that you need to consider before deciding on a certain design. You don't have to give up on the ring you really want, because your spouse wants something a little different. For matching wedding rings, but with a personal touch, the two of you can agree on a design style, and then just add supplementary elements. Most women want some stones on their rings, while men feel like stones are not…manly enough. Well, that's no problem: ladies can have their diamonds, while men have the liberty to pick the minimalist design they prefer.
This was a very interesting article on wedding ring design. "Thumbs-up."


I work with people with different degrees of genealogy research experience. They seem to think I have some special talent for genealogy. I'm going to let you in on something. I sucked at genealogy the first couple of years I was researching. I made a ton of mistakes that made my new hobby very frustrating. Almost everyone has difficulties when they start out. Everyone makes mistakes.
It was frustrating when I couldn't find records or the data I found didn't seem to fit. I learned from my errors and became a better genealogist because of it.
These are some of the genealogy traps I fell into. Recognizing them can help you move past your own.
Do You Recognize Any of These Genealogy Traps?
I believed everything my grandmother told me. Why would she lie to me?
I believed everyone with the same surname from the same locality must be related in some way. Pacheco from Oakland? My grandfather was a Pacheco from Oakland! We must be related!
I didn't take time to understand the geography. Hawaii may be a small state. But there is a big difference in being born in Honolulu and born in Kilauea.
I didn't realize that there were no Mary and Joe's in Portugal and France. No matter how adamant someone is that their ancestor was Mary, John, or Frank, if they were born in a foreign country, they will have a foreign given name.
I didn't realize that surnames have no permanency. You might take your surname very seriously and see it as a solid, unchangeable part of your identity. I know I do. My Azorean ancestors seemed to change surnames with the weather. Finding varying surnames between children and parents is the norm.
I didn't know that most pre-1900 American records would be useless to me. I have what I call new immigrants who arrived after 1845. The last coming to America in 1907. No pilgrims, no Revolutionary War soldiers, no siblings fighting each other in the Civil War.
I didn't realize that Hawaii passed through many forms of government and that records available to the rest of Americans were not available to me. Those available records may be kept in different places, too.
I didn't realize that how many people came here illegally. Boy, was I surprised to find three illegal immigrants among my great grandparents!
I didn't realize that pre-1930 record keeping was spotty at best. Depending on the locality, it can be impossible to find a birth, death, or marriage record before the 1930s.
I didn't write down my sources. In the beginning, you think you will remember where you got information because you have so little of it. It's easy to keep it all straight, right? A couple of months of research and 50 pages of notes, you have no idea where you found a birth date.
How Do You Learn From Your Genealogy Mistakes?
I made most of those mistakes in the beginning. Heck, I still make mistakes. Once I realize what I've done wrong, I try to a different approach to my problem. I am really sorry for the cousin I sent to talk to the Mayor of Kauai only for him to realize it was the wrong family. We all make mistakes. If we learn from them, we become better genealogists and we get more from our research.
I spun my wheels for two years because I believed my grandma knew what she was talking about. After interviewing a cousin's wife, I realized I would never find my people because I was 20 years off on the immigration and had them born in the wrong country.
I didn't spend enough time learning. This last one is important. Genealogy is an acquired skill. Not only must you write down what people tell you and record what you see in documents, you must know how to analyze records, how to make sense of your findings, and figure out where to find resources that will answer your questions. I just jumped right in which lead to frustration.
Once I erased my charts and started over, I was able to start real research. But, I wasn't all that clear how to go about it. So, I went to the local public library and I read genealogy books (there was no internet in 1991). Then, I took an independent study course in beginning genealogy. Doing the assignments helped me develop my skills.
Genealogy is like any other hobby. You have to learn how to do it.
What would you add to my list of mistakes? Any tips you'd offer beginners? Tell us in the comments.
Bill, That's an important one! We can end up following the wrong trail especially if names are common.
I remember working on my great grandmother's maternal line in the Azores and realizing there were two Mello families but they originated in different villages. I had to go back over my notes and verify every descendant to separate the two families. Thankfully, her grandfather's name was Felicianno and there was only one Felicianno.


text:
Why Meghan Markle, Prince Harry's popularity plummeted in UK
2020 has been a year of charts: Terrifying vertiginous spikes on charts about COVID-19; charts demonstrating the wild oscillations of global stock markets; and nearly minute-by-minute charts plotting the chances of Donald Trump and his signature bizarro wraparound quiff remaining in the White House.
For the royal family, it's been no different.
For years – nay, decades – the charts that have plotted the popularity of the British monarchy and its various star players registered barely a tremor. The Queen was beloved, Harry adored, William managed to engender a reasonable amount of respect and there was a benign tolerance for Prince Charles, plant conversationalist and one time tampon-fancier. Nothing much ever changed.
RELATED: Embarrassing story behind wedding photo
Like so many things, the turbulence and ructions of this year have put paid to what was, in hindsight, a charming dreariness. The very day after Harry and Meghan Duke and Duchess of Sussex spectacularly announced they were quitting as full-time senior members of the royal family on January 8, the UK's pollsters have been regularly polling Brits for their views on the situation.
On Thursday YouGov, the nation's market research firm, released the latest set of numbers about how various HRHs are viewed by the hoi polloi and if your surname happens to be Sussex, look away now.
The news for Harry and Meghan was positively and utterly brutal.
RELATED: Four words that doomed Diana
RELATED: Massive Meghan red flag palace missed
For Harry, 48 per cent of adults have a positive impression of the former prince and 47 per cent have a negative view, resulting in a net score of 1, and which constitutes a 19-point drop from March this year.
Meghan, who is viewed positively by 33 per cent of UK adults and negatively by 59 per cent, creating a net favourability of -26. That's the second lowest score among the entire house of Windsor.
In fact, Camilla Duchess of Cornwall, the woman publicly dubbed by Diana, Princess of Wales as "the rottweiler" and who was the most hated woman in Britain for decades, is now more popular than Meghan.
And what of Harry, the ginger-haired charmer whose jappery and Diana-esque public persona saw him regularly take out the first or second spot in terms of royal popularity? The prince who was once the golden child of the royal family, the apple of a besotted nation's eye? He is now tied with his stepmother, Camilla.
Double ouch.
For the Sussexes, who only two years ago were globally hailed as the megawatt superstar saviours of the royal family, this poll marks a spectacular fall from grace and the UK public's affections.
It could be easy to discount these numbers: Who cares what a bunch of whiny, aggrieved Brits think of Harry and Meghan given they have chosen to make their future in sunny California rather than rainy Windsor?
But, there is a bigger, far more complicated picture here, at the heart of which lies the fact that Harry and Meghan's futures are still tethered, to some extent, to the UK.
To start with, while the couple have both been in North America since March this year and have not returned to the UK yet, at some stage they are going to have to make the return journey across the Pond.
While COVID has surely played a hand in keeping them thousands of kilometres away from his extended family, certain sadly inevitable events in the coming years will demand they spend far more time in Britain: Prince Philip's death, the Queen's passing, Prince Charles' ascension to the throne and William's investiture as the Prince of Wales.
These will all be historic moments for the house of Windsor and it would be unthinkable for Harry, as the sixth-in-line to the throne, to not attend.
Which is to say, they might have spent much of this year away from nitpicking Fleet Street and censorious palace courtiers but this is only a temporary state of affairs.
The reception he and Meghan face when they do land back in Blighty is likely to be markedly different from the one they enjoyed only 12 months ago.
In Finding Freedom, the recently published, sympathetic telling of the Sussexes' journey from newlyweds to palace escapees, authors Omid Scobie and Carolyn Durand make the case that their sky-high favourability was such that some viewed it as a threat to the royal status quo.
"Senior courtiers … were concerned that the global interest in and popularity of the Sussexes needed to be reined in. In the short period of time since their fairy-tale wedding, Harry and Meghan were already propelling the monarchy to new heights around the world. The Sussexes had made the monarchy more relatable to those who had never before felt a connection," Freedom reports. "However, there were concerns that the couple should be brought into the fold; otherwise, if left as they were, the establishment feared their popularity might eclipse that of the royal family itself."
Make no mistake, Harry and Meghan were unequivocally the crowd-pulling, superstars in the palace stable at the time.
But my, has that Crown-imperilling celebrity taken a spectacular hit in the wake of their quitting.
Days after their bombshell January announcement, 57 per cent of Brits said they had "no sympathy" for the couples' decision to step back with the same percentage saying they thought the Sussexes had treated the Queen unfairly.
As the year progressed, so too did a growing roster of grim polls.
After the duke and duchess in August urged Americans to vote in the US Presidential elections, comments that were interpreted as a tacit endorsement of Joe Biden, 49 per cent of people polled in the UK said they did not think it was appropriate for members of the royal family to discuss political issues. The same month, 48 per cent of British respondents said they thought Harry and Meghan should be stripped of their titles with only 27 per cent of people firmly stating they thought the couple should keep their titles.
(And in the wake of the couple's mooted $130 million Netflix deal being announced, YouGov found that 64 per cent of Britons were "not interested at all" in watching their content. Talk about voting with their remotes …)
It would surely take the thickest of skins to not be affected by these numbers. How will it feel for the couple, who have talked openly about their struggle with press criticism, to come face-to-face with their diminished public standing when they return to London?
(Factor in too that the couples' lawsuits against three British newspapers and their stinging rebukes of the press over the past year will hardly mean they are in for a glowing media reception.)
Right now, their return to home shores shows every indication of being a rough one indeed.
Looking back at this year, Harry and Meghan have spent the vast majority of it in a privileged bubble, first in their borrowed $20 million Canadian mansion, a monstrosity of brick and bad taste. Next came Tyler Perry's faux-Tuscan Beverly Hills compound. Lastly, in July, it was confirmed the duo had finally found their "forever home", a simple joint that features 16 bathrooms, a koi pond and separate wet and dry saunas. (Imagine having to make do with only one …)
While they might have stayed in close touch with the people and organisations that matter to them in the UK, their public focus this year has unequivocally been US-centric as they build their Stateside brand with gusto. In turn, Americans have welcomed them with open arms, a nation thrilled to be bits to have their very own real life members of the royal family happily setting up shop in their midst. U-S-A!
But that public devotion stands in direct contrast to the reception they may face when they arrive back onto UK soil.
It is worth noting that as this year has progressed, as they have faced one damning poll after another, is that Harry and Meghan have shown little if any inclination to try and get back into the good graces of Brits. There has been no campaign to win over Harry's countrymen and women, to curry favour and to remind the island nation why they loved the Sussexes so much at the beginning.
And this blind spot in the duke and duchess' plan could be a significant miscalculation.
No matter that they have set-up West Coast lives, they will always be tied to Britain and their choice to largely focus on working with US brands and platforms could very well bite them on their yoga-toned derrières. They will have to spend a certain portion of their lives in Great Britain – they repaid $4 million for their Windsor house after all – and won't be able to escape the anger and upset their choices have provoked and which are reflected in their various poll numbers.
Lucky for them then there is one member of the royal family who knows a thing or two about dealing with a groundswell of public animosity – Camilla. I'm sure she might have some pointers for Harry and Meghan; that and the secret to the perfect gin martini necessary to face an irate nation.
Daniela Else is a royal expert and writer with more than 15 years experience working with a number of Australia's leading media titles
— to www.news.com.au
Queen's Birthday Honours 2020: David Sterling awarded knighthood
The benefits of sailing from Britain
Former French President Sarkozy to appeal after sentenced to prison for corruption


text:
#ifndef __UVISOR_API_HALT_EXPORTS_H__
#define __UVISOR_API_HALT_EXPORTS_H__

#define UVISOR_ERROR_INVALID_BOX_ID             (-2)
#define UVISOR_ERROR_BUFFER_TOO_SMALL           (-3)
#define UVISOR_ERROR_BOX_NAMESPACE_ANONYMOUS    (-4)
#define UVISOR_ERROR_BAD_MAGIC                  (-5)
#define UVISOR_ERROR_BAD_VERSION                (-6)
#define UVISOR_ERROR_OUT_OF_STRUCTURES          (-7)
#define UVISOR_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETERS         (-8)
#define UVISOR_ERROR_NOT_IMPLEMENTED            (-9)

#define UVISOR_ERROR_CLASS_MASK     (0xFFFF0000UL)
#define UVISOR_ERROR_MASK           (0x0000FFFFUL)

#define UVISOR_ERROR_CLASS_PAGE     (1UL << 16)

typedef enum {
    USER_NOT_ALLOWED = 1,
    DEBUG_BOX_HALT,
} THaltUserError;

typedef enum {
    HALT_NO_ERROR = 0,
    PERMISSION_DENIED = 1,
    SANITY_CHECK_FAILED,
    NOT_IMPLEMENTED,
    NOT_ALLOWED,
    FAULT_MEMMANAGE,
    FAULT_BUS,
    FAULT_USAGE,
    FAULT_HARD,
    FAULT_DEBUG,
    __THALTERROR_MAX /* always keep as the last element of the enum */
} THaltError;

#endif /* __UVISOR_API_HALT_EXPORTS_H__ */

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
About DB Primary:
Version: primary-app-8.11
Build: 112
Served by: ip-172-31-20-41.eu-west-1.compute.internal
Served at: Tue Jan 19 05:13:58 GMT 2021
"Is Aldermaston Primary School right for my child?"
It's the big question you're asking yourself, right? And with so many wonderful schools in the local area, we're not going to claim we're 'the best' because that's your decision. You know your child better than anyone else - you know what sort of environment they'll thrive in, and what's going to make them feel safe and happy as they embark on their journey to school.
Here, we're going to provide an overview of what life is like at Aldermaston Primary School, and then invite you in to see it for yourself. Our head teacher, Mrs Higgs, will give you a personal tour of the school, while answering any question you have about how our school would meet the needs of your child.
But first things first…
How do you determine which is the best school for your child?
Looking at schools for the first time is pretty daunting, but don't worry, we've got you covered. With the help of both primary and secondary school teachers, a headteacher and educational consultant, we've put together a checklist to help you cover off all the important items and questions you need to be ticking off as you look around and compare your options.
Click to view the school evaluation checklist…
Getting to know our school
Academically…
Our early years' curriculum contains seven areas:
Every term we teach each subject within an overarching theme. We do this to put the lessons learned into a real-life context, making it easier for our children to relate to, understand and remember it.
When you enrol your child at Aldermaston, it's about more than just being a student at the school – it's about becoming part of the wider community.
We want you to be able to visualise what school life is really like, and to share that vision with your child to overcome any nerves they may be feeling.
We are holding a further Open Mornings remotely on Thursday, 10th December at 10am (Spaces are being booked up - please contact us asap to avoid disappointment).
If you would like to join, please contact the school office on enquiries@aldermaston.w-berks.sch.uk or by telephone on 0118 9713362. Thank you
Online Help Cookie Policy ©2000-2018 New Era Education Ltd | DB Primary
primary-app-8.11 build 112 served for Unknown by ip-172-31-20-41.eu-west-1.compute.internal at Tue Jan 19 05:13:58 GMT 2021


text:
package org.eclipse.php.astview.views;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;

import org.eclipse.php.astview.ASTViewPlugin;

import org.eclipse.swt.dnd.Clipboard;
import org.eclipse.swt.dnd.TextTransfer;
import org.eclipse.swt.dnd.Transfer;
import org.eclipse.swt.widgets.Tree;
import org.eclipse.swt.widgets.TreeItem;

import org.eclipse.jface.action.Action;

import org.eclipse.ui.ISharedImages;
import org.eclipse.ui.actions.ActionFactory;
import org.eclipse.ui.texteditor.IWorkbenchActionDefinitionIds;

public class TreeCopyAction extends Action {

	private static class TreeObject {
		private final TreeItem fTreeItem;
		private boolean fSelected;
		private final List fChildren;
		public TreeObject(TreeItem element, boolean selected) {
			fTreeItem= element;
			fSelected= selected;
			fChildren= new ArrayList();
		}
		public void setSelected() {
			fSelected= true;
		}
		public void addChild(TreeObject child) {
			fChildren.add(child);
		}
		public boolean isSelected() {
			return fSelected;
		}
		public TreeItem getTreeItem() {
			return fTreeItem;
		}
		public List getChildren() {
			return fChildren;
		}
		public String toString() {
			StringBuffer buf= new StringBuffer();
			if (fSelected)
				buf.append("* "); //$NON-NLS-1$
			buf.append(trim(fTreeItem.getText())).append(" ["); //$NON-NLS-1$
			for (int i= 0; i < fChildren.size(); i++) {
				TreeObject child= (TreeObject) fChildren.get(i);
				buf.append(trim(child.getTreeItem().getText()));
				if (i > 0)
					buf.append(", "); //$NON-NLS-1$
			}
			return buf.append("]").toString(); //$NON-NLS-1$
		}
		private String trim(String string) {
			if (string.length() > 60)
				return string.substring(0, 60) + "..."; //$NON-NLS-1$
			else
				return string;
		}
	}

	private final Tree[] fTrees;

	public TreeCopyAction(Tree[] trees) {
		fTrees= trees;
		setText("&Copy"); //$NON-NLS-1$
		setToolTipText("Copy to Clipboard"); //$NON-NLS-1$
		setEnabled(false);
		setImageDescriptor(ASTViewPlugin.getDefault().getWorkbench().getSharedImages().getImageDescriptor(ISharedImages.IMG_TOOL_COPY));
		setId(ActionFactory.COPY.getId());
		setActionDefinitionId(IWorkbenchActionDefinitionIds.COPY);
	}

	public void run() {
		Tree tree= null;
		for (int i= 0; i < fTrees.length; i++) {
			if (fTrees[i].isFocusControl()) {
				tree= fTrees[i];
				break;
			}
		}
		if (tree == null)
			return;

		TreeItem[] selection= tree.getSelection();
		if (selection.length == 0)
			return;

		Clipboard clipboard= null;
		try {
			clipboard= new Clipboard(tree.getDisplay());
			if (selection.length == 1) {
				clipboard.setContents(new Object[]{selection[0].getText()}, new Transfer[]{TextTransfer.getInstance()});
			} else if (selection.length > 1) {
				copyTree(selection, clipboard);
			}
		} finally {
			if (clipboard != null)
				clipboard.dispose();
		}
	}

	private void copyTree(TreeItem[] selection, Clipboard clipboard) {
		HashMap elementToTreeObj= new HashMap();
		List roots= new ArrayList();
		int indent= Integer.MIN_VALUE;

		for (int i= 0; i < selection.length; i++) {
			TreeItem item= selection[i];
			TreeObject treeObj= (TreeObject) elementToTreeObj.get(item);
			if (treeObj == null) {
				treeObj= new TreeObject(item, true);
				elementToTreeObj.put(item, treeObj);
			} else {
				treeObj.setSelected();
				continue;
			}
			// walk up to roots:
			int level= 0;
			item= item.getParentItem();
			while (item != null) {
				TreeObject parentTreeObj= (TreeObject) elementToTreeObj.get(item);
				if (parentTreeObj == null) {
					parentTreeObj= new TreeObject(item, false);
					elementToTreeObj.put(item, parentTreeObj);
					parentTreeObj.addChild(treeObj);
					treeObj= parentTreeObj;
					item= item.getParentItem();
					level--;
				} else {
					parentTreeObj.addChild(treeObj);
					treeObj= parentTreeObj;
					break;
				}
			}
			if (item == null) {
				roots.add(treeObj);
				indent= Math.max(indent, level);
			}
		}
		elementToTreeObj= null;
		StringBuffer buf= new StringBuffer();
		appendSelectionObjects(buf, indent, roots);
		String result= buf.length() > 0 ? buf.substring(1) : buf.toString();
		clipboard.setContents(new Object[] { result }, new Transfer[] { TextTransfer.getInstance() });
	}

	private void appendSelectionObjects(StringBuffer buffer, int indent, List selObjs) {
		for (Iterator iter= selObjs.iterator(); iter.hasNext();) {
			TreeObject selObj= (TreeObject) iter.next();
			if (selObj.isSelected()) {
				buffer.append('\n');
				for (int d= 0; d < indent; d++)
					buffer.append('\t');
				buffer.append(selObj.getTreeItem().getText());
			}
			appendSelectionObjects(buffer, indent + 1, selObj.getChildren());
		}
	}
}


Statesman's Signature Louvre Window system incorporates Alspec's Air-Flo 102mm or 152mm louvre gallery into our 125mm wide frame. Statesman's Louvre window is designed to allow full control over air flow and light, with easy to use operating handles and an integral fitted flyscreen inside the frame.
Please note: Information in this brochure may not apply to Statesman's Signature Louvre window. ie; frame heights and other options. Please visit our showroom and speak with our sales team for more information.


You are currently browsing the tag archive for the 'mitzvot' tag.
Yeshua's sacrifice was required to establish the New Covenant and secure our eternal redemption. In the Torah the covenantal pattern is arranged and later in Jeremiah 31 the revelation of the New Covenant is detailed. Also, the Apostolic Scriptures expound upon the New Covenant and Yeshua's involvement. Most error in regard to covenants originates from the attempt to define the biblical concept through one section or even a couple verses of Scripture. Without considering the whole Bible it is difficult to understand numerous aspects of Scripture including covenants. There are many other covenants and details to study but my intention is to equip you with a response to those who doubt the necessity for the blood of Messiah.
I had never thought to research this statement until this individual mentioned this apparent inconsistency. Since then I have been on the lookout for a clear reference to loving our enemies somewhere in the Torah. In this week's portion I believe there is a straightforward verse that is consistent with Yeshua's words.
It is commanded to help one who hates us! What does the L-RD command in Leviticus 19:18? Love our neighbor as ourselves. If our donkey had collapsed and we were striving for punctuality we certainly would not turn down a helpful hand even if it was someone we hated. So helping our neighbor as we would want to be helped is an act of love. Who is an enemy? Someone who hates us or seeks our destruction! Exodus 23 records a loving commandment to help rescue our enemies' donkey and in so doing we are demonstrating love for our enemy. We can rapidly dissipate ill feelings towards us by behaving sincerely with kindness and love. This is not easy but it is what G-d requires. Do you know of other references in the Tanach that implore us to love our enemies?
In conclusion, I have managed to distance myself from dissertating on the ambiguous topic of politics. The politics of today offer little benefit for selecting a candidate. Our own individual research is necessary. However, I can no longer resist because, right here in Parasha Mishpatim, there is a convicting commandment that is often disregarded.
This week we see a very important portion, especially in Judaism. In my opinion, Genesis 22:1-19 is one of the most difficult of all the trials Abraham faced. Here he is asked to offer his only son, whom he loves, as an offering. This whole passage contains messianic foreshadowing of Yeshua's ultimate sacrifice on our behalf. Some of the parallels include; Isaac being the "only son, whom you love" and Yeshua being G-d's only Son; both being offered as an offering upon G-d's request; the wood, which was the source of death since it sustained the fire, was placed on Isaac and he carried it up the mountain just as Yeshua carried the wooden cross up the hill; both Isaac and Yeshua had the faith to walk out their father's will; and so on.
Sure enough Abraham's "only son, whom you love", Isaac, is miraculously born and circumcised on the eighth day. Not only was Isaac promised to Sarah and Abraham just as Yeshua was promised to Mary and Joseph, but both mothers gave birth despite the physical impossibility. It is just as impossible for a woman without a menstrual cycle to give birth as it is for a virgin to give birth. It appears that Isaac is the first male to be circumcised on the eighth day. Ishmael was thirteen and there isn't any indication that the people in Abraham's household had just been born. Why is this significant? Because Isaac is the first child to fulfill the entire commandment of circumcision. Yeshua also fulfilled this commandment in its entirety by being circumcised on the eighth day.
("I will take you from the nations and gather you from all the countries and bring you into your own land. I will sprinkle clean water on you, and you shall be clean from all your uncleannesses, and from all your idols I will cleanse you. And I will give you a new heart, and a new spirit I will put within you. And I will remove the heart of stone from your flesh and give you a heart of flesh. And I will put my Spirit within you, and cause you to walk in my statutes and be careful to obey my rules. You shall dwell in the land that I gave to your fathers, and you shall be my people, and I will be your G-d. And I will deliver you from all your uncleannesses. And I will summon the grain and make it abundant and lay no famine upon you. I will make the fruit of the tree and the increase of the field abundant, that you may never again suffer the disgrace of famine among the nations. Then you will remember your evil ways, and your deeds that were not good, and you will loathe yourselves for your iniquities and your abominations. It is not for your sake that I will act, declares the Lord G-D; let that be known to you. Be ashamed and confounded for your ways, O house of Israel.
2) What was at fault with the first covenant? The commandments or the people who broke the commandments? (Since the Torah is G-d's eternal word – it could not be changed). G-d changes the people by writing the Torah on their hearts (Ezekiel :26-27 above and Jeremiah 31:33) The new covenant is not a cancellation of the Torah or even a cancellation of the Sinai covenant…the people are changed and made able to fulfill the covenant….keeping His commandments.
3) There are three things we learn from the story of the Gibeonites 2 Samuel 21:1-9: Covenants are binding; Covenants are intergenerational; breaking a covenant has dire consequences and a broken covenant requires atonement. G-d's covenants are eternal and He built on them and improves on them.
5) We as Christians only relate by covenant with G-d through being grafted into Israel (not through conversion) Ephesians 2:12-13 (remember that you were at that time separated from Christ, alienated from the commonwealth of Israel and strangers to the covenants of promise, having no hope and without God in the world. But now in Christ Jesus you who once were far off have been brought near by the blood of Christ.) ESV.
When I speak of keeping the commandments, it is not for the purpose of salvation…it is all about sanctification. It is not a burden but rather a lighter yoke as a disciple of the Messiah through the help of the Holy Spirit. Some will make statements such as "You are putting yourself back under the law". Paul uses the Greek word nomos to describe many different laws. Let me please state for clarity that I am no longer under The Law of Sin and Death because of salvation through Messiah.
Several months ago I had the opportunity to have lunch with a dear friend of mine who I have known for over 12 years. Although our relationship started out as a family friendship it eventually led to our family attending their church – he is a pastor.
We were called out of the church about 3 ½ years ago to start an incredibly exciting journey which will not end – and actually seems like it only just began. I had recently been trying to share with him the truths that G-d had revealed to us over this short time by extending an invitation to attend a study in our home but he declined.
He did, however, accept an invitation to lunch to celebrate his birthday – as is our custom. I had intended to discuss, at least to some degree, our recent experiences and encourage him to look further and find the truth that has been covered from "our" eyes for nearly two thousand years. "G-d is calling His people back to Torah"….this most excellent news was answered with grave concern spread across his face. My friend's concern was primarily regarding my relationship with Jesus Christ and I assured him that this was not a salvation issue but a sanctification issue.
He agreed to continue a discussion over email exchange as best that our schedules would allow…and so begins what I would like to share with you: "Thoughts from lunch". This will be a short series of exchanges (there is a total of 2 emails from him and 2 responses from me) between the two of us that I have found challenging. I will post his emails for your review and practice on how you may have responded. Every few days I will post the next exchange.
Below (the first email) is my friend responding to my explanation of how we are to live out our faith.
33And the L-RD spoke to Moses, saying, 34"Speak to the people of Israel, saying, On the fifteenth day of this seventh month and for seven days is the Feast of Booths to the L-RD. 35On the first day shall be a holy convocation; you shall not do any ordinary work. 36For seven days you shall present food offerings to the L-RD. On the eighth day you shall hold a holy convocation and present a food offering to the L-RD. It is a solemn assembly; you shall not do any ordinary work.
37"These are the appointed feasts of the L-RD, which you shall proclaim as times of holy convocation, for presenting to the L-RD food offerings, burnt offerings and grain offerings, sacrifices and drink offerings, each on its proper day, 38 besides the L-RD's Sabbaths and besides your gifts and besides all your vow offerings and besides all your freewill offerings, which you give to the L-RD.
The commandment of Sukkot is found in Vayikra [Leviticus] 23, Bamidbar[Numbers] 29, and Devarim [Deuteronomy] 16 with several other mentions throughout Scripture. It is crucial that these verses be the starting point for anyone interested in celebrating Sukkot. Once a solid knowledge of literal Scripture is acquired then one should begin reading the traditions of the feast. Have the ability to distinguish between man-made traditions and the mitzvot [commandments] of HaShem. In most cases Jewish traditions support the mitzvot [commandments] and make mitzvot [commandments] easier to keep. For example the mitzvah [commandment] of writing the words of the Sh'ma on the doorposts of your house is made easier by affixing a mezuzah. Although, some traditions may distract from the purpose and are not scriptural. For example, stepping over a silver spoon as a bride and groom enter the secluded room. Do you have any questions about what is commanded and what is tradition in relation to sukkot?
Please leave a comment with your questions. Also, here are some great resources to expand your knowledge of Sukkot and celebrate this joyous occasion together with Israel.
asher kidshanu b'mitzvotav v'tzivanu leishev ba-sukkah.
Who sanctifies us with His mitzvot and has commanded us to dwell in the sukkah.
Did you build a sukkah? If so, tell us about it!
These are some strong statements and ones that challenge the way we live. These are statements that make us uncomfortable and lead us to possibly justify our actions by saying, "This is so legalistic". Though these statements may seem presumptuous or too difficult to accomplish, they are simply examples of living out the Shema.
It would seem that we should talk about His mitzvot and Torah in general at ALL times. Whether it is at the dinner table, or with some friends we should be discussing Torah at least for a little while. This is not just a good idea it is a mitzvah and we should all take this very seriously. Just thinking about this task is quite daunting. Trying to bring up Torah or the Bible in every situation will be difficult but I can guarantee topics and discussion will become easier to initiate the more you know the Tanach. You will find yourself with much to say and much to share the more you study and apply the Tanach in your life. The classic snowball effect relates perfectly to this situation. The more you study, the more you want to discuss, the more discussion leads to more questions and possibly more people to discuss with, then before you know it you are bringing up Torah in all situations. Gentlemen, this should be our end goal. If we long to be a light to the nations and set an example for those around us then it is imperative to study, apply, then discuss and teach. Let's get the ball rolling and intensify our study of HaShem's beautiful gift: The Torah.
What are some study methods and resources you have discovered?


text:
Maryland expands vaccine eligibility even as vaccines remain in short supply
Maryland coronavirus updates: Maryland adds 3,292 coronavirus cases and 47 deaths, including second child under 10.
By Baltimore Sun staff
Baltimore Sun |
Number of cases
There are 317,815 total confirmed cases of the coronavirus in Maryland as of Jan. 14. See below for a breakdown by county, according to the state health department, and go here to see charts and maps of the makeup of confirmed cases in the state.
Allegany: 5,839
Anne Arundel: 29,358
Baltimore City: 35,199
Baltimore County: 43,403
Calvert: 2,899
Caroline: 1,608
Carroll: 6,210
Cecil: 4,267
Charles: 7,022
Dorchester: 1,759
Frederick: 13,970
Garrett: 1,689
Harford: 10,027
Howard: 13,195
Kent: 904
Montgomery: 53,283
Prince George's: 61,946
Queen Anne's: 2,099
St. Mary's: 3,998
Somerset: 2,052
Talbot: 1,458
Washington: 10,306
Wicomico: 5,531
Worcester: 2,717
10:32 a.m.: Maryland adds 3,292 coronavirus cases Saturday, 47 more deaths.
Yesterday's top stories
5:35 p.m.: Local business owners have said the indoor dining ban hurts their bottom line — especially as eateries in neighboring counties are still allowed to serve customers indoors.
Get updates on the coronavirus pandemic and other news as it happens with our free breaking news email alerts.
4:32 p.m.: A new Maryland policy that enables a5dults 65 and older to start getting inoculated for COVID-19 lacks critical details that officials and experts say could hamper the ability to ensure all those who want the vaccine can get it.
3:25 p.m.: The 5,400-square-foot, high-end clothing store at 809 Aliceanna St. shuttered Wednesday, following the 203-year-old company's bankruptcy filing this summer, according to Harbor East Management, the store's landlord.
2:50 p.m.: Maryland is doling out $30 million in coronavirus relief to about 90 entertainment venues in the state, including 23 organizations in Baltimore.
10:42 a.m.: These are the confirmed Maryland cases of the novel coronavirus, the illness that causes the COVID-19 disease, confirmed by the Maryland Department of Health. The charts and maps below show what has been reported by the state and update around 10 a.m. each day.
10:22 a.m.: A health care worker shortage has been exacerbated by the coronavirus pandemic. The lack of nurses may be the most consequential. Maryland nurses are stretched, stressed and spent. Some are leaving their jobs and signing on with staffing agencies that pay better and are driving up the cost of providing health care.
10:16 a.m.: The state has now recorded 320,739 cases and 6,322 deaths since health officials began to track the COVID-19 disease in March.


EquiChek™-SAA is a simple stall-side test that provides veterinarians, trainers or breeders with the opportunity to test for any inflammatory condition, including infections, where it matters, beside the horse. Blood can be analyzed without the need to send samples to a lab. In just two simple steps, you can tell if the horse has an active inflammatory condition.
The EquiChek™-SAA test detects a protein called Serum Amyloid A (SAA) which circulates in the blood. In a healthy horse SAA is generally very low, but the level of SAA rises significantly when the horse experiences a challenge that causes inflammation such as infection or damage to muscle. In many cases there may be no obvious signs, but a problem may be brewing, in medical terms referred to as subclinical.
Not only does SAA increase when there is a problem, it also falls very quickly if the problem is resolved. EquiChek™-SAA will tell you if the inflammation is under control, so if the horse is treated with antibiotics, and they work, EquiChek™-SAA can help to monitor recovery.


text:
Contact PEER
Subscribe to PEERMail
About PEER
PEER Accomplishments
PEER Financials
Work at PEER
Eco-Enforcement
Protecting Public Employees
Water and Wetlands
Wildlife Protection
Beyond 2020: Vision Papers
PEERMail
PEER Blog
PEER Video Library
Legal Resource Center
Donate to PEER
Why Support PEER?
The Woman from Monsanto Inside Interior
Tags: bees, DOI, FWS, GMO, insecticides, NWR, pollinators
For Immediate Release: Apr 01, 2019
Contact: Kirsten Stade (202) 265-7337
Former Executive Had Hand in Lifting GMO and Pesticide Bans in Refuges
Washington, DC — A former Monsanto executive serving as a political appointee within the U.S. Department of the Interior used her position to further the agrochemical giant's agenda promoting the use of bee-harming pesticides, known as neonicotinoids, and genetically modified crops (GMOs), according to filings posted today by Public Employees for Environmental Responsibility (PEER). Last August, at the urging of industry, the agency rescinded its ban on the use of neonicotinoid insecticides and GMOs within all National Wildlife Refuges.
Weeks later, President Trump announced he was going to nominate Aurelia Skipwith, a former official of the agrochemical company Monsanto, to run the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS), the nation's leading wildlife conservation agency, which manages the National Wildlife Refuge System. For two years she has worked as the Deputy Assistant Secretary of the Interior for Fish, Wildlife and Parks. Prior to that, she worked in research for six years at Monsanto (now part of Bayer) on new GMO and biotech products. Other jobs in her short career also entailed promoting agrochemical products.
FWS has not had a confirmed Director since Trump took office. Nevertheless, the de facto FWS leader who reported to Ms. Skipwith ordered the ban lifted. The FWS's 2015 ban was rooted in the biological risks to pollinators and other wildlife on refuges from use of those agrochemical/biotech products. Nearly 60 refuges have agricultural programs, growing various crops as forage for birds and other wildlife.
Documents obtained by PEER under the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) indicate that Ms. Skipwith was actively engaged during 2017-2018 in the FWS decision to reverse the neonicotinoids and GMOs ban. The Information Technology and Innovation Foundation (ITIF), an industry-funded think tank that led the effort on the ban rescission, saw the issue as falling "within Dep. Assistant Secretary Skipwith's portfolio and stewardship."
"Stewardship had little to do with Ms. Skipwith's involvement with this issue," said PEER Senior Counsel Peter Jenkins. "Influence peddling by former industry officials and lobbyists doing favors for their old benefactors appears to be the coin of the realm in today's Interior Department."
In addition to documents it released, the FWS blacked out more than 300 pages of responsive documents claiming they were "deliberative" under a FOIA exemption. PEER has challenged those redactions arguing that the agency applied the exemption too sweepingly.
"To avoid an actual conflict or the appearance of a conflict, Aurelia Skipwith should have recused herself from the agency's pesticide and GMO policy decisions because of her prior industry work," Jenkins added, noting that after her nomination as FWS Director did not advance last session, she has not yet been re-nominated in the current session of Congress. "It is late in the day when Monsanto executives are tapped to lead the prestigious agency that once housed Rachel Carson and many other wildlife conservation leaders."
The FWS ban was the byproduct of a series of successful lawsuits brought by PEER and coalition partners blocking approvals for neonicotinoid insecticides and GMOs within National Wildlife Refuges.
Look at documents linking Skipwith with GMO ban reversal
See the FWS ban reversal
Revisit PEER litigation leading to the ban
EPA Confirms PFAS in Aerial Pesticides
Chemical Safety Board Goes on Crony Binge
Justice Department Argues Trump Lost the Election
Arctic Refuge Becoming Oil & Gas White Elephant
Lawsuit Challenges Trump EPA's Approval of Radioactive Roads
Federal Industrial Safety Agency Withering Away
NRC Drops Plan to Deregulate Rad-waste Disposal
Beyond 2020: Pollution Enforcement
If You Had Any Decency, You'd Resign
PEER Statement on Armed Protestors Storming the U.S. Capitol
Wheeler Trashes Science on His Way Out the Door at EPA
Statement: Ten Steps to Ensure that Proper Leaders Run the Department of the Interior
Statement: In Praise of COVID Whistleblower Rebekah Jones
BLOG: Time to Break the PFAS Bond
Copyright 2001–2021 Public Employees for Environmental Responsibility
Phone: 202-265-7337 Fax 202-265-4192
962 Wayne Avenue, Suite 610
Silver Spring, MD 20910-4453


How I wanted to send this post out so quickly, however, I am glad it's finally here. If you haven't read the first part of this discussion kindly click here so you don't miss a thing and most importantly you get to understand this part better.Though I want to share a lot in this post like I promised, I would like to take it slow, one step at a time.
1.You are unique: we are all special and unique, and when we get to heaven, we will really understand this better. Stop beating yourself and wondering why me and embrace yourself, because that trouble came to you because of your uniqueness. This uniqueness distinguishes us and shows you just how valuable you are. You do know that what makes the eyes hurt may not necessarily make the foot hurt, but what hurts the thumb, could possibly do the same harm to the toe. We are members of His body and bones (Ephesians 5:30).That explains our uniqueness even in Christ. In the beauty industry, the uniqueness of skin and hair types are often taken into consideration but yet they haven't covered all of it especially, the Afro hair types are still yet to be satisfied fully. Likewise, in the health industries, the uniqueness of people are taken into consideration and this explains why some people respond well to some medication and others don't. Spiritually, we also are unique. Knowing who you are by the revelation that comes from the Holy Spirit will make you a master in life and happy is the one who finds this truth. When God says we are one, He doesn't mean that we are all the same,rather we are one body, different parts united together to be complete in one. Being a part of one body, makes it possible for you to find one person just like you, similar to you but still not exactly like you. For example, let's say the right thumb meets the left thumb, though they look identical, yet they serve in a very unique way since they don't face the same challenges everyday. The right thumb on a right-handed individual gets exposed to more work that the left thumb yet neither of them can function perfectly if they are interchanged by position. This is important because when you acknowledge this truth, you open up a door for God to teach you about who you are in a much more personal level. This knowledge will put you over and above sickness in a very simple way.
2. You have been sanctified: To be sanctified, is not just to make holy, for only God's presence can make a thing Holy. So when God said to the Priest in the old testament, sanctify yourself, He wasn't saying make yourself Holy, for no man can make himself holy except the presence of God. The presence of God at the burning bush, made that place holy such that, Moses could not stand there with his shoes on. Before that encounter and after that encounter, people walked there with shoes on and nothing happened. To be sanctified means to be separated for a unique purpose. For example, the tea-cup has been sanctified for serving tea, but if you choose to serve wine in it, it doesn't change the fact that it would be ethically wrong, because the wine glasses have been created and separated from other types of glasses to serve wine. Moreover, if the wine glass be put into the microwave, or used to store things in the freezer, that glass could be damaged, irrespective of its content or who had put it in there. Like wise, the tea-spoon, the table-spoon, fork and knife, you will usually see them on the dinner table but they are not set there to do the same and equal task, but rather, they work together to achieve a common purpose.
In the same vein, as Christians, we ought to understand that we can't just expose ourselves to any and every thing, or get involved with every and anything and expect to get away with it. We must understand Paul in 1 Corinthians 10:23, when He said all things are permissible but not all things are beneficial. This means that, although as Christians, we are free to do many things in Christ yet not everything we do is going to be beneficial. For example, there is no law against you for choosing to sleep all day or staying up all day and night, However, neither of these is beneficial to you. Hence, we choose not to sleep all day but to wake up everyday to do something much more beneficial for ourselves. Also, though there are no scriptural laws against a Christian choice of diet, that doesn't make eating poorly beneficial for you.
You can actually use this moment to examine your life by asking yourself this question, "what am I doing that I know is not beneficial?" and if you feel that you have to make any changes, go ahead and do it.
I won't write to you about food and drinks, because our subject of discussion is beyond that. So, I pray for you that today's post will prepare your mind and heart for what I will share on the next one. I pray that He gives you the insight beyond the things written here. God bless you!


text:
Q: Mixing Asp.net default validation with a custum submit action I have a page whose submit buttton does dot submit at all. It rathers has a some javascript in OnClientClick that employs some logic and redirects the user to a calculated URL. The thing is I want to use ASP.net default validation in this setup. I need to be able to query the state of the client side validation in the javascript. How do I do that?

A: This appears to be what your looking for, using ASP.NET Validation from client code
<asp:Button ID="btnAddEntry" runat="server" OnClientClick="ValidateAndAddNewEntry(); return false;" CausesValidation="true" ValidationGroup="AddEntry" Text="Create" />

JavaScript
function ValidateAndAddNewEntry()  {

var res = Page_ClientValidate("AddEntry");
    if ( res == true )
    {
        //Do work
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange