text:
Villiers Engineering
Villiers Engineering was a manufacturer of motorcycles and cycle parts, and an engineering company based in Villiers Street, Wolverhampton, England.
Not to be confused with Amherst Villiers, automotive engineer and developer of the supercharger for the 'Blower Bentley'
In the 1890s John Marston's Sunbeam had become extremely successful by relying on high quality of production and finish. But Marston was dissatisfied with the pedals on his machines, which he bought in. In 1890 he dispatched his son Charles to the US on a selling trip, but included in his instructions that Charles must discuss pedal engineering with Pratt and Whitney in Hartford, Connecticut and come back with a high-class pedal and the machinery for making it. Charles said that the Villiers Engineering Co. was "the ultimate fruit" of his trip to the US,[1] being impressed by the production system and the labour saving devices. He pointed out that "it was not possible to develop these at Sunbeamland, which had long been working on another plan, but it was possible to start them in a new factory".[1]
As a result of the tour, in 1898, John Marston bought a small Japanning works based in Villiers Street, Wolverhampton. Under the direction of Charles, the company made cycle parts for the Sunbeam company. As the factory was producing more parts than Sunbeam required, it sold components to other manufacturers.
1902 was a momentous year for Villiers. Firstly, John Marston sold the company to his son Charles for £6,000 on a loan against future profits. Secondly, it developed and patented the cycle free-wheel, which every cycle manufacturer required. The production of free wheels reached its peak just after the Second World War, as the company produced 80,000 per week or 4 million per year.
Production pre First World War
Apart from the production of freewheels outlined above, the company produced its first engine in early 1912, a 350 cc four-stroke complete with integral two-speed gearbox. Later that year it developed a 269 cc two-stroke (70mm bore and stroke) and the simplcity of this engine and attractive price made it a rapid success. During 1913 the Sun-Villers motorcycle was launched manufactured by the Sun Cycle & Fittings Co.
By 1914 the Villiers 269 cc 2-stroke engine had been adopted by a large number of motorcycle manufacturers, such as the Allday (Alldays & Onions), The Royal Ruby, The New Ryder, the Bown-Villiers, the Coventry-Eagle, the Gerrard, Sparkbrook, the Invicta (A. Barnett & Co), the Ixion, the Juno, and the Roulette.[2]
In spite of the huge success of the 269 cc two-stroke, the four-stroke engine had not completely been shelved, as in October 1914, J.H Motors of Oldham announced[3] two motorcycles, the No.1 fitted with a 2.75HP Villiers four-stroke engine of 349cc (74.5 x 80mm bore and stroke), and a 2.5HP two-stroke model using the Villiers 269 cc engine. Whether many of either model were made before war orders halted production in 1915 is unclear.
Other manufacturers known to use Villiers engines up to 1915 include the Campion, The Hobart,[4] the Chater-Lea, the Diamond, and the Excelsior.
Production during World War One
During World War One, in common with many firms not directly involved in making military transport, the Villiers factory changed to production of munitions, in particular fuses for 75mm shells. Companies engaged in war work still worked on new models anticipating the end of the war, with Villiers applying for 16 engine-related patents during the war. One particular issue was a generic problem – the fact that before the war most engines relied on German-made magnetos for ignition, which caused a major issue during the war. In January 1917 Villiers patented their solution to this problem – the flywheel-magneto, which became a standard feature of their engines.[5]
Production in the inter-war years
Immediately after the war Villiers picked up where they had left off, with supply of the 269 cc engine, now as the Mark II engine with different method of attaching the exhaust. By 1919 the bikes that used the Villiers engines included the Excelsior lightweight, the Diamond (D.F.& M. Engineering Co), the Royal Ruby, the Wolf Lightweight (Wulfruna Engineering), the Carfield, the Ruffells, the P.V. (Elliston & Fell), the Sparkbrook, the Yvel, the P&S lightweight (Pearson and Sopwith), the Chater-Lea, the Campion, the Victoria (of Glasgow), the Hobart, the Olympic, the Ixion, the Bown-Villiers, the Wilkin, and the Saltley. The engine remained much the same, and continued to use a separate magneto, though it did have an oil pump to provide crankcase and piston lubrication via a hollow crankcase bolt – a design that Villiers had patented during 1914/1915.[6]
The Mark III engine embodied some changes to crankcase and brushes in 1919/1920, and in March 1920 the new Villiers Mark IV engine complete with flywheel magneto was revealed.[7] In May 1920 a new British Excelsior lightweight model was announced, this being the first motorcycle to show the new Villiers engine using the flywheel-magneto instead of a separate magneto.[8]
In September 1922 Villiers announced the details of their new 1923 engine range,[9] which included 147 cc, 250 cc and 343 cc engines. These engines featured a radial finned cylinder head, with both the inlet and exhaust port being at the front of the engine, and they all had the Villiers flywheel-magneto. While the 147 cc relied on petrol-oil mixture for crankshaft lubrication, the two larger engines used a separate oil feed system. The new 250 cc engine produced 25 per cent more power than the older 269 cc engine.
In 1926 Villiers introduced an even smaller engine, the 125 cc with twin exhaust ports and side mounted carburettor, and in 1927 they introduced the 344cc twin 2-stroke. Villiers were to go on to produce a wide range of single and twin cylinder 2-strokes primarily for motorcycle use. At the end of the 1920s they also started producing engines for stationary use, with the first model being the water-cooled WX11 and in 1933 the air-cooled Mar-vil. Villiers engines were also used in lawn mowers, for example the 147 cc engine was used in the Atco mowers of the 1920s and in 1931 it was joined by a 98 cc Villiers engine, known as the Midget.
The Villiers company also had links to the Seagull outboard marine engines, both of which owed their existence to John Marston. The Seagull engines used the Villiers flywheel magneto, and a 'Seagull-Villiers' carburetor.
In 1936, L. E. Baynes and Sir John Carden, trading as Carden-Baynes Aircraft of Heston Aerodrome, launched the Carden-Baynes Auxiliary, a light aircraft which was essentially a motorized Abbott-Baynes Scud 3 glider. This carried a retractable 249 cc Villiers engine driving a push-propeller and producing 9 bhp, and the fuel tank held enough to run the engine for thirty minutes. The 249 cc Carden-Baynes Auxiliary is believed to be the lowest-powered aircraft in the history of powered flight.
Production during the Second World War
During the war part of Villiers production was again turned to fuses for shells, with over 10 million produced, although they continued to make engines and cycleparts. Their engines were also used in small motorcycles designed for air drop with paratroopers – the Excelsior Welbike and the James ML paratrooper's machine known as the Clockwork Mouse.
Post-war production
In 1956, Villiers produced its two millionth engine and presented it to the Science Museum in London.
In 1957 Villiers absorbed JA Prestwich Industries, makers of the J.A.P. engines. In 1962 the company were claiming that:
"jointly the two companies produce a vast range of two-stroke and four-stroke petrol engines and four-stroke diesel engines from 1/3 to 16 b.h.p. These are the engines which power many of Britain's two-stroke motor cycles, scooters and three wheelers, and the great majority of the motor mowers, cultivators, concrete mixers, generating sets, elevators, pumping sets. etc."
Villiers manufactured a range of single and twin two-stroke engines (from 98 cc to 325 cc) for light motorcycle and vehicle manufacturers until the 1960s.
In the early 1960s, the company was taken over by Manganese Bronze Holdings, and in 1966 together with AMC became Norton-Villiers, and in 1972 merged with the BSA group to become Norton-Villiers-Triumph, which eventually went into liquidation in 1978.
Von Harten & Marston (1979), p. 58
"55 two-stroke and lightweight motorcycles", Motor Cycle, 23 July 1914
"Latest Designs", Motor Cycle, 15 October 1914, pp436-437
"For Sale 1915 Hobart-Villiers", Motor Cycle, 6 July 1916, Advertisements P26
'Improvements in or relating to Magneto-devices for Internal-combustion Engines', Patent GB111391, 31-1-1917
'Improvements in Oil Supply Systems for Crank Chambers and the like', Patent GB191509423, 1915
"A New Flywheel Magneto", The Motor Cycle, 25 March 1920, p363
"New Machines and an Old Name", The Motor Cycle, 13 May 1920, p540
"Three Sizes of Villiers Engine", The Motor Cycle, 28 September 1922, pp437-438
Von Harten, Marjorie; Marston, Melissa (1979), Man of Wolverhampton: Life and Times of Sir Charles Marston, Coombe Springs Press, ISBN 978-0-900306-53-2
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Villiers Engineering.
Local History site on Villiers
Autocycles with Villiers Junior, Junior Deluxe or 2F engines
British motorcycle manufacturers
Manufacturing in the United Kingdom
Hesketh
Megelli
Métisse
ABC (1919–1923)
Abingdon (AKD) (1903–1925)
Advance (1905–1947)
AER (1937–1940)
AJW (1928–1976)
AJS Motorcycles Ltd (1909-2000)
Alldays & Onions (1903-1915)
Ambassador (1946–1964)
Ariel (1902–1970)
Armstrong (1980–1987)
Ascot-Pullin (1928–1930)
AMC (1937–1966)
Baker (1927–1930)
Bat (1902–1926)
Baughan (1920–1936)
Beardmore Precision (1914–1930)
Blackburne (1913–1922)
Bradbury (1902–1924)
Brough (1908–1926)
Brough Superior (1919–1940)
BSA (1919–1972)
Calthorpe (1909–1939)
Chase Brothers Motorcycle (1903-1906)
Chater-Lea (1900–1936)
Clyno (1909–1923)
Corgi (1946–1954)
Cotton (1918–1980)
Coventry-Eagle (1901–1939)
Coventry Victor (1919–1936)
DMW (1945–1971)
DOT (1908–1978)
Douglas (1907–1957)
Dunelt (1919–1935)
Duzmo (1919–1923)
EMC (1947–1977)
Excelsior (1896–1964)
Francis-Barnett (1919–1966)
Greeves (1953–1976)
Haden (1912–1924)
Hazlewoods Limited (1895–1923)
Healey (1971–1977)
Hesketh (1981–1988)
Humber (1898–1930)
HRD (1922–1928)
Ivy (1911–1934)
James (1902–1966)
JAP (1903–1939)
Levis (1911–1939)
Martinsyde (1919–1923)
Matchless (1899–1966, 1988–90)
McEvoy (1926–1929)
Montgomery (1902–1939)
Ner-a-Car (1921–1926)
New Hudson (1903–1958)
New Imperial (1901–1939)
Norman (1935–1963)
Norton-Villiers (1966–1972)
Norton Villiers Triumph (1972–1978)
NUT (1912–1933)
OEC (1901–1954)
OK-Supreme (1882–1940)
P&P (1922–1930)
Premier (1908–1921)
Panther (1904–1967)
Quasar (1975–1982)
Quadrant (1901–1928)
Raleigh (1899–1967)
Rex-Acme (1899–1933)
Rickman (1960–1975)
Rover (1902–1924)
Royal Enfield (1893–1971)
Ruby (1909–1932)
Rudge (1911–1946)
Scott (1908–1965)
Silk (1976–1979)
Singer (1900–1915)
Sprite (1964–1974)
Sun (1911–1961)
Triumph (1885–1983)
Tandon (1947-59)
Sunbeam (1912–1964)
Velocette (1904–1971)
Villiers (1898–1966)
Vincent-HRD (1928–1959)
Wilkinson (1911–1916)
Wooler (1909–1954)
Zenith (1905–1950)


text:
Six-Week Cleanup Underway in British Columbia's Great Bear Rainforest
Tourism and Indigenous leaders are making a difference in British Columbia.
On August 18, a fleet of tourism ships began an unprecedented, six-week expedition to the Great Bear Rainforest's outer coast as part of the Marine Debris Removal Initiative, a project funded by the B.C. Ministry of Environment & Climate Change Strategy.
With the blessing from Indigenous leaders in the region, the expedition expects to remove between 75 and 100 tons of marine waste, including plastics, from up to 1,000 km of coastal beaches along the Great Bear Rainforest. A group of BC small ship tour companies developed this innovative project in response to tourism shutdowns due to COVID-19.
Removing marine debris and plastics is a priority under the global Oceans Plastic Charter and the UN Sustainable Development Goals, to which Canada has committed. It's a priority for Indigenous governments and communities, for sustaining ocean health and protecting community food harvest.
"In these trying and uncertain times, the proposal and initiative from the SSTOA provides a rare opportunity and a good news story," says Doug Neasloss, Stewardship Director with the Kitasoo-Xai'Xais Nation. "Marine debris is an on-going challenge and a removal initiative of this scale — to clean up a large, remote coastline — is an undertaking that will provide significant environmental benefit to Kitasoo/Xai'Xais territory and beyond."
The Great Bear Rainforest's outer coast is strewn with reefs, and far from roads and communities, therefore clean-ups here are challenging. But the expedition tour companies have the skills and vessels to take on this rugged work, so, when COVID-19 shut down their season, the leaders decided to use their assets for the common good.
This initiative is being funded as part of the province's COVID-19 stimulus funding and will provide needed work for 100+ crew and guides on nine ships, from five BC ecotourism companies. It will also employ a tug and barge and helicopter. In addition, a related in-shore clean-up done by members of Coastal First Nations communities will employ another 75 people.
"When it became clear we would not be able to operate under normal circumstances this summer and had to cancel a sold-out season, we turned our attention to the environment to give back to the coast that sustains us," says Kevin Smith, CEO of Maple Leaf Adventures and co-lead on the project with Russell Markel of Outer Shores Expeditions. "We dreamed up an initiative for which there weren't yet any dedicated resources. It's been really rewarding to work with our colleagues on this, together as friends, not competitors.
"We also applaud the Wilderness Tourism Association, coast First Nations and the Province of BC for their support in helping clean up our oceans, a positive story for this unprecedented time."
The crews, which include a number of scientists, are also collecting data on the debris they clean up, which they'll provide to the Ministry of Environment & Climate Change Strategy.
"Cleaning up plastic and garbage from beaches has been identified as a priority for our Nation and is critical to the long-term health of the marine environment in our territory," says Danielle Shaw, Chief Councillor for the Wuikinuxv Nation.
Cleaning up in the Great Bear Rainforest. PHOTO COURTESY MAPLE LEAF ADVENTURES
The project will be administered by the Wilderness Tourism Association of BC, of which the small ship tour companies are members. Their group, the Small Ship Tour Operators Association (SSTOA), is composed of seven 100% Canadian owned and operated, small-ship-based travel companies that specialize in providing niche wilderness travel experiences for groups of 6-24 guests along the British Columbia coastline. In particular, they operate in the Vancouver Island, Haida Gwaii, and Great Bear Rainforest regions. They have seen first-hand how marine debris can pile up on remote beaches only to be washed out into the ocean again during the next big storm, where they inevitably break down and become ocean microplastics.
"B.C.'s coastal environment is one of our greatest assets, attracting visitors from all over the world and supporting tourism in British Columbia," says Tourism, Arts and Culture Minister Lisa Beare. "Funding for these projects not only protects the marine environment, but provides jobs for people affected by the significant decrease in tourism as a result of the pandemic."
Wilderness Tourism Association executive director, Scott Benton, will remain in Victoria to administer the MDRI expedition. Benton will also be supported by Katherine MacRae, Executive Director of the Commercial Bear Viewing Association, who has been instrumental in bringing this initiative to the government and the Tourism Industry Association of BC's (TIABC) attention.
"Members of the SSTOA have pivoted to an innovative and reasonable idea that not only allows them to continue operating and employing skilled workers, but also provides a tremendous benefit to the province by cleaning up enormous amounts of harmful waste along the BC coastline that threatens marine wildlife, humans and the environment," says TIABC's CEO Walt Judas.
Air Canada Boxing Day Deals: Save Up to 50% on Great Vacations
Big Club Med Discounts for the Caribbean and Ski Trips in Europe
A Promising Year Of Tourism Slips Away For Dildo, Newfoundland
Ontario Government Invests in Northern Ontario Tourism

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


1. To know to be something that has been perceived before: recognize a face.
2. To know or identify from past experience or knowledge: recognize hostility.
3. To perceive or show acceptance of the validity or reality of: recognizes the concerns of the tenants.
4. To permit to address a meeting: The club's president recognized the new member.
5. To accept officially the national status of as a new government.
6. To show awareness of; approve of or appreciate: recognize services rendered.
7. To admit the acquaintance of, as by salutation: recognize an old friend with a cheerful greeting.
8. Law To enter into a recognizance.
9. Biology To exhibit recognition for (an antigen or a substrate, for example).
Adj. 1. recognizable - easily perceived; easy to become aware of; "this situation produces recognizable stress symptoms"
BUT On la reconnaissait à peine avec cet immense chapeau.
I was not related to the outlaw, or connected with him by any recognizable tie; he had put his hand to no writing or settlement in my favour before his apprehension, and to do so now would be idle.
Nobody could guess, for his Vizier was well closed, and nothing made him recognizable.
For the understanding of memory, and of knowledge generally, the recognizable resemblance of images and sensations is of fundamental importance.
In fact, fallen in their ranks, stiff, icy, the dead, still recognizable with ease, seemed to turn with complacency towards the Comte de la Fere, to be the better seen by him, during his sad review.
Vanstone was now easily recognizable, returning to the house from his morning walk.
Shelby was determined that everything should be brought into tangible and recognizable shape, let the consequences to her prove what they might.


How much is needed to reinstate my policy?
If your policy has lapsed, different factors may affect the amount needed to reinstate it - and we may need to get some additional information from you. It's best to contact your COUNTRY Financial representative if you wish to reinstate your policy.


text:
NEW YORK -- A team of New York-based filmmakers is producing a documentary about reclaiming Indigenous heritage, told through the experiences of an 18-year-old descendant of a U.S. Indian boarding-school survivor.
The story centers on Ku Stevens, a top-ranking Nevada athlete who organized a run along the 50-mile escape route his great-grandfather Frank Quinn took, fleeing from the Stewart Indian Boarding School to the Yerington Paiute reservation.
Paige Bethmann, director and producer of the "Remaining Native" documentary, who is Mohawk and Oneida, said it is named after the idea that he used his legs to preserve his identity, something she feels many Indigenous people are struggling with.
"Trying to preserve our cultural identities, our tradition, our language, because of how many obstacles the United States has put in front of Indigenous people, to get rid of that aspect," Bethmann outlined.
The film also follows the first federal investigation into the U.S. boarding schools, where Native American children were brought, and then abused if they spoke their native languages. It is estimated there were nearly 500 government-funded Indian boarding schools in the nation, including in New York state.
Bethmann's great-grandmother also was a U.S. residential school survivor. Bethmann pointed out making the film has helped her understand the complexities of her cultural identity and community.
"That's what this film has brought to me, is that pride in being Native American," Bethmann explained, "But also rebuilding a sense of myself that I felt like I've lost for so many years."
Production for "Remaining Native" started shortly after more than 1,300 unmarked graves were found near the sites of former Indian Residential Schools in Canada. Bethmann noted policies such as boarding schools and land removal were designed to disenfranchise Indigenous people.
"The biggest gap of understanding is the fact that we are here, despite all of those obstacles that we face that are not just something that is a relic of the past," Bethmann asserted.
The team plans to embed themselves in the community in the new year to keep a closer eye on the investigation at Stewart Indian Boarding School. Bethmann said the film will be released as early as 2023.
Ku Stevens profile N.Y. Times (paywall) 11/17/2021
Remaining Native documentary She Carries Her House Films 2021
Boarding school information National Native American Boarding School Healing Coalition 2021
The Columbia Generating Station, a commercial nuclear facility, operates at Energy Northwest's campus, which is surrounded by the Hanford site. (Tobin/Flickr)
Tribes Protest N-Reactor Project on Hanford Site


text:
You are here: Home / Destinations / Africa / South Africa Travel Guide: Things To Do In The Rainbow Nation
South Africa Travel Guide: Things To Do In The Rainbow Nation
January 3, 2018 By writeraccess Leave a Comment
Looking for a South Africa travel guide? The Rainbow Nation offers many paradise-like places — so many that it can be difficult to choose from the overwhelming number of options. To help you narrow down your itinerary, we've compiled a list of what to see in South Africa for you below!
Rainbow Nation Expedition: A South Africa Travel Guide
Things to Do in Cape Town | South Africa Travel Guide
1. Dive with the Sharks in Gansbaai
A post shared by supersirvi (@supersirvi) on Dec 13, 2017 at 9:00am PST
Here's an adventure adrenaline junkies won't want to miss! If you love diving and looking at marine life, how will you feel about being among some of the most dangerous creatures of the ocean? Gansbaai is the white shark capital of the world, so it's not surprising that one of their biggest attractions is shark cage diving. The waters of Cape Town are home to about 40 shark species, making it the perfect venue to see a wide variety of the fascinating marine predator.
2. See Marine Life at the Two Oceans Aquarium
If shark cage diving is a little too intense for you, no need to worry. You can still meet sharks and more marine life at the Two Oceans Aquarium. In fact, their Predator Exhibit allows you to view various species of sharks without having to swim with them. They also offer several other exhibits, such as one on environmental education, animal feedings, a specific penguin exhibit, and more.
3. Visit the Cape of Good Hope and Cape Point
When in Cape Town, a visit to the Cape of Good Hope and Cape Point is an absolute must! Keep in mind that the Cape of Good Hope and Cape Point will take about an hour to drive to from Central Cape Town and is a part of the Table Mountain National Park. For just 85 ZAR for adults and 30 ZAR for kids, you get to see an unparalleled view of the wonders of nature.
4. Head Over to Table Mountain
One of the city's most popular landmarks is a flat-topped shaped mountain called Table Mountain. There are several ways to enjoy this unique mountain in Cape Town. For one, you can catch a cable car and enjoy the fantastic view. You can also take their free audio tours and discover the stories and legends of the mountain. And when you're tired and hungry from all the hiking, you can also simply grab a bite at the Table Mountain Cafe.
5. Go Hiking in Lion's Head
A post shared by A Guides Life (@rodgerbowren) on Dec 12, 2017 at 10:34pm PST
Even if you aren't a sporty traveler, this is a trip you must not miss. This trail gives an amazing view from all directions, allowing you to see everything from the ocean to the Twelve Apostles and from the city bowl to Table Mountain! Fortunately for novices, it's a relatively easy hike that can be completed in two hours. Beginners are more than welcome to do the hike and experience the stunning views!
6. Visit the Kirstenbosch National Botanical Gardens
Resting on the eastern slope of Table Mountain is one of the best botanical gardens in the world, the Kirstenbosch National Botanical Gardens. Established in 1913, Kirstenbosch was created to conserve and promote South Africa's rich and diverse flora. For just 65 ZAR for adults, 35 ZAR for students, and 15 ZAR for kids between 6-17 years of age, you can walk in this majestic garden and nature reserve.
7. Go Shopping at the V&A Waterfront
This evening at 8.15pm, join the Elves & other festive characters like Merry Clause, the Candy Cane Dancers, traditional Carollers, & the beautiful Snow Fairy in Victoria Wharf, as they whisk everyone away on a wonderful Christmas journey filled with festive joy & celebration. pic.twitter.com/q7jw5zcDeN
— V&A Waterfront (@VandAWaterfront) December 12, 2017
When you're ready for a hiking break, you can get some Cape Town city vibes at the V&A Waterfront. The harbor was built by Queen Victoria and her son Alfred in the 19th century as a stopover point for European ships. It now opens its doors for tourists to come by and enjoy a grand view of Table Mountain and the Atlantic Ocean while they shop, dine, or otherwise enjoy the numerous activities the place has to offer.
8. Relive History in Robben Island
Standing several miles off the V&A Waterfront is Robben Island, which serves as a reminder of South Africa's troubled past. Tagged as a unique symbol of "the triumph of the human spirit over adversity, suffering, and injustice," the island gets thousands of yearly visitors who are eager to understand South Africa's history. The Robben Island Museum uses two ferries to transport its visitors and staff to the island.
9. Visit the Castle of Good Hope
At the heart of Cape Town lies a star-shaped fortress, which happens to be the oldest existing building in South Africa. The Castle of Good Hope was built in the 17th century as the center of Cape Town's administration and the armed forces. Even today, the castle remains a military stronghold while also housing several museums.
10. Go Wine Tasting in Constantia Valley
A post shared by Joanne McDonald (@jorogmac) on Aug 27, 2016 at 12:33pm PDT
Just beneath Table Mountain National Park, you can find Cape Town's vineyard, the Constantia Valley. With nine wine farms just 20 minutes away from the city center, Constantia Valley is the perfect place to go wine tasting. Each venue has its own features and comes with different prices. However, if you're there just for the sightseeing, then the valley is free to explore.
Things to Do in Johannesburg | South Africa Travel Guide
11. Take a Stroll in Nelson Mandela Square
A post shared by Jeremy Toljan (@jeremytoljan) on Jan 15, 2015 at 7:39am PST
Nelson Mandela is one of the most celebrated presidents of South Africa, which is why you'll find so many locals named after him. For example, Nelson Mandela Square used to be known as Sandton Square but was renamed in the year 2004 to honor the late president. Tourists can shop in several stores, dine in the many available restaurants, and even have a photo taken next to the statue of Nelson Mandela.
12. Have a Blast at Gold Reef City
A post shared by Bridget Wilson (@bridgetwilson96) on Dec 13, 2017 at 11:00am PST
Where a gold mine once stood is now a huge entertainment complex with a theme park and several casino facilities. Gold Reef City is one of the most popular entertainment places in South Africa. Aside from all the thrilling rides and fun casino games, Gold Reef City also gives you a taste of African culture. Not only can guests choose from various African cuisine while at the amusement park, but they'll also learn about African dances, music, and history.
13. Visit the Lesedi Cultural Village
South Africa is referred to as the 'Rainbow Nation' because of its diverse people and culture. A visit to the Lesedi Cultural Village lets you explore and appreciate just that. When traveling the world, immersing in the country's local culture is one of the most enjoyable and educational things you can do.
14. See the Animals at the Johannesburg Zoo
A post shared by jandi newall (@ohmydearests) on Aug 17, 2016 at 2:45am PDT
The Johannesburg Zoo often gets overlooked by tourists, but the upgrades it has gotten over the recent years makes it worth a visit. It's probably one of the oldest zoos, having been established in 1904. With 140 acres of land, it houses 320 different species of animals.
15. Go See the Lions at Lion Park
If you're in Africa to see the wild, then you shouldn't miss out on a trip to Lion Park. Lion Park is an eco-tourism spot that cares for the endangered Wild Dog. While here, you can also expect to see giraffes, zebras, and other wild animals.
Things to Do in Durban | South Africa Travel Guide
16. Visit uShaka Marine World
A post shared by Carmen Cooper (@carmlot) on Dec 14, 2017 at 4:44am PST
As the fifth largest aquarium in the world, it's no surprise that uShaka Marine World is one of the most popular attractions in Durban. Among the unique activities is the chance to dive among the surrounding shipwrecks. They also offer dolphin shows where you can see these adorable mammals in action.
17. Bring the Family to Addington Beach
A post shared by Richard Webb – Cape Town (@richard_we88) on Aug 18, 2015 at 11:02am PDT
Because of its subtropical climate, every day is a perfect day at the beach whenever you visit Durban. With this in mind, Addington beach is perfect for the whole family, especially if they love to surf! As an extra bonus, it's entirely free!
18. Take Pictures at Mini Town
A post shared by Durban (@suthcrank) on Feb 14, 2016 at 2:34am PST
Ever wanted to know how it would feel to be a giant? Well, wonder no more and visit Durban's Mini Town! Mini Town is a replica of Durban scaled down to 1:24 its size. Now there's a perfect place to take wacky photos!
19. Take a Boat Tour with the KwaZulu-Natal Sharks Board
A post shared by @pam.steck on Jul 5, 2016 at 1:45pm PDT
Even though the waters of South Africa are filled with sharks, shark attacks are rare in Durban. That's because their coastline is protected by shark safety gear maintained by the KwaZulu-Natal Sharks Board Maritime Center of Excellence. Take a boat tour with them in the morning and see them set up their safety systems. At the same time, you'll get to learn more about the sharks lurking in the waters of South Africa.
20. Gaze at Faith47's Murals
A post shared by mark stevens del rosario (@markdelro) on Nov 29, 2015 at 10:16pm PST
Faith47 is a South-African born artist who expresses her sense of social justice through her murals. Though she is originally from Cape Town, she has graced the streets of Durban with her artwork. You can see her amazing art in Warwick Junction.
More Spots to Visit in South Africa | South Africa Travel Guide
21. Addo Elephant National Park in Port Elizabeth
For just 200 ZAR for adults and 100 ZAR for kids, you get to enter the Addo Elephant National Park. Not only does it house about 550 elephants, it's also home to black rhinos, lions, hyenas, zebras, and many other wild animals. Hot days at the waterholes will give you the best elephant viewing experience.
22. Cango Caves in Oudtshoorn
A post shared by Jassy QB (@jassssyqb) on Dec 12, 2017 at 8:55am PST
If you're a fan of spelunking, then you'll love the Cango Caves. The 20 million-year-old caves contain limestone rock layers and stalagmite formations. Keep in mind that because it has become such a popular spot, it's important to book your tour in advance!
23. Big Tree in Tsitsikamma
A post shared by Koketso Molaolwe (@koketsomolaolwe) on Nov 24, 2017 at 4:54am PST
Nature lovers shouldn't miss out on a chance to be awed by the Big Tree in Tsitsikamma. The 36.6-meter high tree is around 600-800 years old. The forest where it stands in is the perfect place for a Zen walk and is highly recommended in every South Africa travel guide.
24. The Big Hole in Kimberley
A post shared by Jayni (@jayni_) on Aug 9, 2017 at 7:37am PDT
As majestic as it is, the Kimberley Big Hole is actually a man-made structure. This spot was just a quiet, plain hill until word got out there were diamonds beneath it. After that, people came in droves to find diamonds. It now serves as a tourist spot, famous for its status as one of the largest excavations in the world dug without machines!
25. Palace of the Lost City in North West Province
A post shared by Reinmar (@mitxcoac) on Jun 16, 2016 at 1:56am PDT
If it's luxury you seek, then you ought to hit the Palace of the Lost City! Inspired by a lost African tribe, the design is just enchanting. It's currently one of the leading hotels in the world. So if you're willing to spend a little bit more, this is the place to stay in!
If you loved this South Africa travel guide, you should also check out this video from Expoza Travel:
South Africa is a traveler's paradise. There's just so much to explore in a nation of diverse culture and people! In fact, it's one of the perfect places for a dream couple trip! So get your partner, pack your bags, bookmark this South Africa travel guide, and then go explore the beauty and the many colors of the Rainbow Nation!
What are the other places you want to see in this South Africa travel guide? Let us know in the comments!
Up Next: Caribbean Vacation Spots You Will Surely Love
Filed Under: Africa, Travel Advice


Meditation is the science of the Inner Mind. We offer kundalini Meditation Yoga and Meditation Classes in Melbourne. For our Meditation and Yoga courses contact us.
MEDITATION COURSES, MEDITATION YOGA CLASSES, MEDITATION INTENSIVES, MELBOURNE, YARRAVILLE, WESTERN SUBURBS.
INTENSIVES & CHANT SATSANGS T.B.A.
MEDITATION COURSES and MEDITATION CLASSES conducted by MIND-YOGA (Aust) is training in traditional, authentic Kundalini Yoga Meditation under the direct guidance of Meditation Master of 35 years teaching, Dean Das.
MEDITATION YOGA is to assist you in simply becoming 'a better person'.
A 'healthier', more 'aware', and more 'compassionate' person.
A person who grows in self-understanding - who learns to 'know' one's self better.
Who silences the demands of the 'conditioned' busy mind, allowing an understanding of the nature of self, and its relationship to the world to which we belong.
A person totally comfortable in their own skin.
MEDITATION YOGA COURSES and CLASSES is training in Complete Yoga - Yoga of the Body; Yoga of the Vital energy (Breath); and Yoga of the Mind - the Yoga of 'the three bodies' - constituting the human organism. Meditation Yoga 'reconditions' the whole human organism by oxygenating the blood cells; purifying the endocrine system; rejuvenating the central nervous system; stimulating and flooding the brain cells with 'positive' neurochemicals.
METHODOLOGY - Meditation Yoga methodology consists of 6 series of physical postures (asanas); in conjunction with breath regulations ( pranayamas); in conjunction with mental concentration (pratyahayara/dharana), bringing the mind to a state of 'one-pointedness' (samadhi), the entry point to the experience of Self.
TO 'MEDITATE' is a highly skilled pursuit. As with any learning, the quality of what is learnt is dependant upon the integrity of the knowledge being taught; the integrity of the student, and the integrity of the teacher. A poor teacher= poor knowledge; an average teacher = average knowledge; a teacher of integrity = quality knowledge.
DEAN DAS is an Australian born, Meditation Master, a direct disciple of revered Siddha Meditation Master, Swami Prakashananda Saraswati of Nasik, Western India. Dean Das lived with his Guru in a 'one-to-one', Guru-disciple relationship for 7 years atop the remote Sapta Shringi Devi mountain, Nasik, Western India. For the past 35 years, Dean Das has been teaching, lecturing, and writing on the philosophy and practice of authentic, traditional Meditation Yoga.
MIND-YOGA MEDITATION is the methodology of the 9th Century Siddha/Nath Tantric Yogic tradition of Western India.
Note: MIND-YOGA, MEDITATION CLASSES and COURSES require no prior 'pre-requisites'. You do not need to be 'young'; 'super-fit'; or capable of performing abnormal and pointless, 'monkey' contortions. If you can, that's ok too! Mind-Yoga is concerned only with your personal integrity, a willingness to learn, and a commitment to your personal growth. In the words of Dean Das' Guru - 'Don't give me your Money. give me your Mind and Love'.


There is a mixture of permanent offices, hot desks and co-working areas, along with a meeting room and a kitchen with perpetually hot coffee! The site boasts ample car parking, bike racks and is in walking distance of the Upper Rissington local amenities. HQ members also get special discount rates at the Runner Bean Gym (located just over the road).
HQ is the fruit of the collaboration between two self-employed friends, Nick Grant and Richard Myers. The aim is to build a community of like minded individuals from all business sectors and to promote internal and external networking and local business development opportunities.
Location, cost and facilities were what drove me to choose Offices. Decent and reliable broadband / telephone facilities are imperative for me plus the possibility of using meeting rooms to host colleagues in the future. As more tenants arrive, the feeling of community improves as does the possibility of more social, networking and self referral opportunities. I would definitely recommend HQ to a friend or colleague.
"Although, we expect to stay for the foreseeable future, the flexible leasing contract is great, and the fact the bills are all included in the monthly rent is really convenient. The offices are clean and tidy, and really good size for us (there was a good selection of sizes too), the village is peaceful, and having a supermarket and café over the road is great. I have already recommended HQ to a colleague!
HQ already has 50% occupancy, so please get in touch if you are interested in a tour of our available office space. We also offer various Virtual Office packages.


text:
» What is the History of Q4OS?
vaf
What is the History of Q4OS?
I've seen a lots of content about this distro, and became amazed of how light and adaptable this distro is.
In my research, i encountered information about what Q4 is and what he does. But I did not found anything related to the history of this system, why it has been created? By who? What was the checkpoints of the developing of the OS throughout this years?
Can someone give me a brief history of Q4OS?
Re: What is the History of Q4OS?
https://www.q4os.org/blog.html
hugok
From: Portugal
The second link is broken.
I would also like to know more about the system and the people behind this project. More information could be made available on the website, maybe an "About" tab could be added to the Q4OS Website.
Yes, we will consider to make some more information available.


Simply share a video of you learning something new on Vine or Instagram and you could win our prize of four tickets to Florida's Kennedy Space Center!
Shoot off a rocket in your backyard or learn how to maneuver a remote control helicopter. Need more inspiration? Check out our flash card idea-generator below!
Remember, your video doesn't have to be overly complicated.
Build a water fountain with PVC pipes.
Master a new yoga pose.
Try a new karate move.
Change the oil in your car.
Learn how to do CPR.
If you missed last week's entry, be sure to take a look here. Learn more about our contest and how to enter here.
This entry was posted in Educator Edition, Full Time Edition, Homeschool Edition, Student Edition and tagged #FLVSBrainChallenge, Contest, Engineering, Grit, Growth Mindset, Kennedy Space Center, NASA, Neuroplasticity, Neuropsychology, Psychology, Social Media, STEM, Video Contest on July 6, 2015 by Marissa Draeger.