text:
Environmental law for a sustainable world
Protecting the planet one court case at a time
ClientEarth, Europe's first public interest environmental law firm, is on a mission to transform the world's approach to sustainability.
Mega in conversation with
James Thornton
Ask the environmentalist James Thornton what it will take to protect the planet and you'd be forgiven for feeling perplexed at his response. "More lawyers" isn't the answer most people would think of. But then Thornton isn't most people.
The soft-spoken American – and Zen Buddhist priest – is a tireless scourge of environmental transgressors. With ClientEarth, the non-profit environmental law group he set up after moving to London from the US in 2001, he has accumulated an impressive catalogue of legal victories against governments and corporations throughout Europe.
His triumphs have transformed the continent's approach to pollution and conservation, helping safeguard its air quality, fish stocks and forests while also making it easier for individuals to bring environmental claims against the authorities and big business.
"The law has enormous power, and wielding it effectively can make a big difference to the environment," he explains. "It helps us ensure that governments and companies do the right thing."
Victory for cleaner air
Among Thornton's proudest achievements is his most recent – securing a series of high court rulings ordering the UK government to overhaul its plan for tackling air pollution.
In a landmark decision in February 2018, British judges placed oversight of the country's clean air legislation in the hands of the courts, stripping ministers of that responsibility after determining the current policy was unlawful.
"Air pollution is linked to the equivalent of 40,000 premature deaths a year across the UK but until a few years ago, people didn't really understand the problem," Thornton says. "Now, with our help, they do – and they're particularly worried about how it affects the health of their kids. They also understand that the government needs to do more."
Bringing US firms to heal
Thornton honed his legal skills while working as an environmental lawyer in the US during the 1980s and 1990s. After graduating in law from Yale, he joined the publicly-funded National Resource Defense Council in New York, where he brought 80 federal lawsuits against companies and municipal authorities for violating the Clean Water Act introduced in the 1970s by the Nixon administration.
He later went on to set up an NRDC office in Los Angeles. There, he was able to secure financial backing from several Hollywood celebrities attracted to the firm's ecological causes. He attributes his success to a focused approach.
"It's all about persistence, following the science and spending as much time as possible on making sure laws are implemented once enacted," he says. "It might seem odd, but environmental lobby groups tend to switch off once laws are enacted.They don't focus on whether laws are being implemented, which is crucial."
As his career progressed, he discovered that the US was not the only rich economy where environmental laws were routinely flouted. The situation in Europe was far worse. Not only were there hardly any European lawyers specialising in the environment, but it was also prohibitively expensive there for non-governmental organisations to bring court cases against corporations or governments.
That's what spurred him to leave the US and head to London. "We saw a big opportunity to change the thinking in Europe," he explains.
Reforming Europe
It didn't take long for him to make his mark. Just four years after setting up ClientEarth, Thornton won a landmark case that meant individuals pursuing environmental claims through the courts would no longer be liable for the other sides' costs if they lost.
The firm's efforts to reform Europe's unwieldy Common Fisheries Policy (CFP) have also borne fruit. Working with the celebrity British chef Hugh Fearnley-Whittingstall, ClientEarth laid the groundwork for the introduction of new laws banning trawlers from dumping unwanted fish back into the sea.
"The CFP victory was particularly satisfying as you have huge vested interests on the other side, particularly within the Spanish fishing industry," Thornton says.
Although ClientEarth has done much of its work in the West, its 150-plus staff are also helping shape environmental legislation in the developing world.
In China, at the Supreme Court's invitation, the organisation worked with Chinese officials and other Western experts for more than 18 months to devise a legislative framework to protect the environment.
The recommendations Thornton's team made – which include establishing training programmes for China's 3000 environment court judges – form part of Beijing's five-year, USD450 billion environmental protection plan.
"In some countries, the legal frameworks don't exist, or the laws aren't good enough. But if there is the will to improve them, we can improve them, and China is a very good example of that," says Thornton. "And it helps that, in China, the drive to do this is very much a top-down effort supported by big investments."
CAP in hand
ClientEarth's next project is arguably its most ambitious yet: reforming Europe's much-maligned Common Agricultural Policy, the EU's complex web of farming subsidies. To its detractors, the CAP is the major obstacle to the introduction of sustainable agricultural practices, contributing to the loss of natural habitats. Its favourable treatment of the meat and sugar industries, meanwhile, has been blamed for lifting Europe's obesity rate to 20 per cent.
"The CAP's EUR50 billion of annual subsidies to the farming industry are not aligned with the environment. And it is the main reason why Europe's biodiversity is getting trashed," Thornton says. "If we can realign the programme, that's EUR50billion that could be re-directed to building a sustainable system."
Although the CAP project is still very much in its infancy – ClientEarth has yet to secure funding – developments unfolding in the UK leave feeling Thornton bullish.
The British government's post-Brexit agricultural blueprint envisages granting subsidies only to producers that don't harm the environment. "The devil is in the detail of course, but it could serve as a template for the rest of Europe." Thornton says. "One thing you can bank on is that we'll be there to make sure it gets done."
That seems a safe bet. In his 40-year campaign to protect the environment, he has yet to lose a case.
Chief executive officer at ClientEarth
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The other day on a local news morning show one of the hosts was grilling up turkey ribs (video below). I had to ask what is a turkey rib? So as usual I scoured the net to figure it out.
This video is from Fox 8 Cleveland's morning show featuring the so called turkey ribs.
As it turns out there are a couple of variations of this product available, both versions are nothing more than a turkey shoulder or scapula as it were. It appears as the more common version is a pre-formed pre-cooked piece of turkey white meat on the bone. These are supposed to be made specifically to give you the same texture as a pork rib.
This just seems to be an interesting way to get more money out of what would be a scrap cut of turkey meat.
The second type is the same cut just uncooked. The only way to find these that I have found is in restaurant supply stores or online.
If you want to try something new you can try to do your own butchering. I have found the patented cutting process online here.
If you are looking to purchase them online (I found something that is NOT available at Amazon) they can be found here or here. I have also found bulk (20lb) boxes available locally at the Gordon Food Service Store, though they typically have to be special ordered.
There are 2 kinds of Turkey Ribs both are nothing more than a turkey shoulder. It appears as the more common version is a pre-formed pre-cooked piece of turkey white meat on the bone. These are supposed to be made specifically to give you the same texture as a pork rib.


Fox Reality will debut Tuesday, May 24, chief operating officer and general manager David Lyle said.
The network also announced carriage deals with Adelphia Communications Corp. and Insight Communications Co. Inc.
And three executives have been added to Fox Reality's senior management.
Bob Boden has joined the network as vice president of programming. He had held a similar post at GSN.
Lorey Zlotnick has come aboard as the network's VP of marketing after holding the same position at Bravo.
And David Nathanson has joined Fox Reality as VP of business and operations. Nathanson had been GM of Fox College Sports.


This fallen sequoia is the main tree you can drive through in this national stop (as long as your vehicle isn't more than 8 feet tall)! Likewise, make a speedy pit stop at Auto Log. You can't roll over it any longer, yet you can bounce out to snap a picture.
This is the tallest mountain in the adjoining United States and stands at the great tallness of 14,494 feet. Join the a large number of individuals who summit this mountain consistently through a long one-day climb or a two-day climb. All things considered, it's solitary a 22-mile round excursion climb!
It's additionally one of the hardest climbing grants to get in the US.


Smorgasburg is an outdoor food market that started in New York City. (There is now also one in LA.) Located in Brooklyn, it features around 75 vendors and is only open on weekends. Many food trends have come out of Smorgasburg, including the ramen burger and the raindrop cake.
During our trip to NYC, we spent a few hours at Smorgasburg. It was quite crowded, so it was hard to take photos of the individual stands.
I really wanted to try the Raindrop Cake. Inspired by a traditional Japanese dessert, Mizu Shingen Mochi, the dessert was introduced to the US by Chef Darren Wong at Smorgasburg and became a huge food trend last year. You might recall, I actually made a raindrop cake (recipe here). However, I wanted to try the original.
They offer a few different flavor syrups. We decided to get two: matcha and black sugar cane. When we got these, quite a few people came over to take a photo.
These ended up tasting exactly like the ones I made. I think they do use a different agar powder not easily available in the US which makes the cakes crystal clear. I haven't found that type of agar here. However, they still tasted the same as the ones I made. Mine are just a little cloudier.
On the one hand, I was relieved to learn that they tasted the same so now I can just make them at home. But knowing how easy these are to make, I did think they were quite overpriced at $8 each.
I've heard really good things about the doughnuts from Dough. We didn't have time during our trip to visit their physical store, so it worked out nicely that they have a booth here so I could try their doughnuts.
I was impressed with the unique flavor combinations and how fluffy the doughnuts looked. We chose two: toasted coconut and hibiscus.
The toasted coconut was super fluffy, but also very rich and filling. The hibiscus one got very smashed and I thought the glaze was too sweet.
I had wanted to try the ramen burger, but the line was ridiculously long. They had the longest line of all the vendors there.
It was a hot day and nearly everyone was getting a mango flower/rose on a stick. So we did as well. It was super juicy and refreshing. We walked away from the crowd towards the water to enjoy our treat.
Overall Smorgasburg was an interesting experience. It is a great idea to have so many food vendors in one place; I just don't like waiting in so many lines.
I went to the Winter market in November and took photos of someone else's raindrop cake 🙂 The wnter version is much smaller so I will definitely hit Smorgasburg on my next visit in the spring/summer/fall.
hehe! Aw that's too bad the winter version is smaller. it was really weird because people just came up and took a photo without actually talking to us/asking/etc.
hope you get to go!


The University of Texas at San Antonio (UTSA) permits Benefits-eligible Employees to accrue and use authorized leave. It is the intent of this policy to provide a guideline of the most utilized aspects of the state and federal regulations regarding authorized leave. This policy is not intended to be an exhaustive list of every applicable regulation. Please use the links provided for more detailed regulations.
This policy provides guidelines for the administration of leave authorized by the Texas Government Code Chapter 661, 662, 664 and federal laws as described in this policy.
This policy applies to all Benefits-eligible Employees, excluding students employed in positions, which require student status as a condition for employment.
Benefits-eligible Employee: An employee who is eligible to be a member of the Teacher Retirement System of Texas (TRS), or Optional Retirement Package (ORP) and required to work at least 20 hours per week, or appointed to at least 50% of a full time appointment, in a position that is expected to last at least four and one half months.
Benefits-eligible Veteran Employee: An employee who served in the United States army, navy, air force, coast guard, or marine corps or the Texas National Guard and who are eligible for health benefits under a program administered by the Veterans Health Administration of the United States Department of Veterans Affairs. Also, eligible to be a member of the Teacher Retirement System of Texas (TRS), or Optional Retirement Package (ORP) and required to work at least 20 hours per week, or appointed to at least 50% of a full time appointment, in a position that is expected to last at least four and one half months.
Educational Activity: A school-sponsored activity, including a parent-teacher conference, tutoring, a volunteer program, a field trip, a classroom program, a school committee meeting, an academic competition, or an athletic, music, or theater program.
Emergency Medical Services Volunteer : Emergency medical personnel who provide emergency pre-hospital care without remuneration, except reimbursement for expenses.
Submits request, in advance when possible, to use available leave time to his/her immediate supervisor.
Provides requested documentation supporting the need to use leave.
Reviews and, as appropriate, approves or denies requests for use of available leave time.
Maintains records of leave used.
Contacts Leave Management when medical and/or military leave documentation is received.
Processes requests that require medical and/or military documentation.
Assists departments in tracking employee's accrued and used leave balances.
Processes all paid and unpaid administrative leave.
Benefits-eligible Employees shall earn vacation leave beginning on the first day of employment in a benefits-eligible position and terminating on the last day of employment in a benefits-eligible position. Faculty members who have appointments of fewer than twelve (12) months do not accrue vacation leave.
The rate of vacation leave accrued each month is determined by length of state service in accordance with the schedule in Texas Government Code, Chapter 661.152.
Benefits-eligible Employees must have served a total of six (6) continuous months of employment with a state agency, before being eligible to use vacation leave.
Vacation leave not taken during the fiscal year in which it accrues may be carried forward to the next fiscal year in accordance with the limits provided in the Texas Government Code, Chapter 661.152.
All hours of unused vacation leave in excess of the maximum limit are credited to the employee's sick leave balance as of the first day of the next fiscal year.
The disposition of vacation balances (transfer or pay out) on employees who resign, are dismissed, or otherwise separate from state employment are outlined on the HR Leave Administration website.
With the approval of the appropriate Vice President, or his or her designee, a separating employee may be allowed to remain on the payroll after the last day worked to utilize vacation leave time in lieu of being paid in a lump sum.
Such employee is entitled to continue receiving all compensation and benefits that he or she was receiving on the last day of duty, including paid holidays, longevity pay, and hazardous duty pay, and is entitled to a general salary increase that takes effect before the accrued vacation time is exhausted.
However, such employee will not use or accrue sick leave, or accrue additional vacation leave while utilizing their vacation leave in lieu of being paid in a lump sum.
Full-time, Benefits-eligible Employees, (faculty & staff), shall accrue eight (8) hours of sick leave for each month of employment. A part-time employee accrues sick leave on a proportionate basis. This sick leave entitlement will be received for each month, regardless of the number of hours worked in that month. Sick leave accrual will terminate on the last day of employment.
An individual who lives in the same household as the employee and is related to the employee by kinship, adoption or marriage , or a foster child of the employee.
Sick leave for members of an employee's family who do not reside in the same household may only be taken to provide care to a spouse, child, or parent of the employee who needs such care as a direct result of a documented medical condition. Sick leave cannot be used for an employee's parent-in-law if they do not live in the same household.
All employees who must be absent under the conditions identified in (2) and (3) above must record the number of hours used. This applies to faculty members, even if the faculty member was not scheduled to teach classes during the period of absence.
To be eligible to use sick leave during a continuous period of more than three (3) work days, an employee must contact the Human Resources Department-Leave Management, and must provide acceptable medical documentation of the condition.
UTSA may require medical documentation for use of sick leave taken during a continuous period of three (3) or fewer work days. Contact Human Resources Department-Leave Administration for additional guidance.
A Benefits-eligible Employee whose sick leave balance is insufficient to cover an absence from work due to illness must use other accrued, paid leave. If other paid leave is insufficient to cover the absence, the employee will be placed on leave without pay.
Has exhausted any hours they are eligible to withdraw from the sick leave pool.
An employee who receives donated sick leave may use the donated sick leave based on the same circumstances as accrued sick leave.
An employee may not provide or receive remuneration, or a gift of any kind, in exchange for donated sick leave.
The dollar value of donated sick leave will be reported as the donor's income and UTSA will withhold taxes as the law requires.
For further information on donation of sick leave please see Texas Government Code, Chapter 661.207.
Benefits-eligible Employees transferring from one state agency to UTSA or within UTSA shall retain their unused sick leave, provided there is no break in service.
The estate of a deceased employee is entitled to payment for one-half of accumulated sick leave, or for 336 hours of sick leave, whichever is less. Please refer to Texas Government Code, Chapter 661.031 for additional provisions and exclusions.
Separated Benefits-eligible Employees cannot be paid for unused sick leave.
Separated from UTSA under a formal reduction-in-force and is re-employed by the state within twelve (12) months of separation with no minimum break in service.
Holidays are determined from information provided by the Texas State Legislature and are approved annually by the President.
Benefits-eligible Employees are entitled to observe Rosh Hashanah, Yom Kippur, Cesar Chavez Day, or Good Friday in lieu of any holiday or holidays on which the University is required to be open and staffed. Employees are entitled to observe these holidays provided that they use state compensatory time accrued or use available leave. Employee requests to observe these holidays should be submitted for approval to his or her supervisor in advance of the holiday.
For a Benefits-eligible Employee to be entitled to a paid holiday, they must be in a paid status on the workday before and after the holiday, unless the holiday falls on the employee's first or last workday of the month.
With supervisor approval, a Benefits-eligible Employee may take emergency leave with pay, not to exceed three (3) work days, due to a death in the employee's immediate family.
The President, or his or her designee, may make a determination of other reasons for emergency leave when the Benefits-eligible Employees shows good cause for such leave. Employees must first exhaust their available paid leave before requesting emergency leave other than Bereavement Leave. Employees must submit a written request for emergency leave through their management chain and receive management's support before it is routed to the appropriate Vice Presiden for consideration and decision.
Except for disciplinary suspensions, active military duty, and leave covered by Workers' Compensation benefits, all accumulated paid leave entitlements must be exhausted before LWOP is granted. Sick leave must be exhausted in applicable cases see Section B.
Subject to fiscal constraints, approval of LWOP constitutes a guarantee of employment at the conclusion of the specified leave period.
Except in the case of an employee returning from military leave without pay, a full calendar month in which an employee is on LWOP is not counted in computing: total state service credit for the purposes of vacation leave, longevity pay; or continuous state service. No employee shall accrue vacation or sick leave for such month.
Additional restrictions and regulations applicable to LWOP can be found in Regents Rule 30201, Section 3.
UTSA will grant paid military leave to Benefits-eligible Employees for the following types of military service.
National emergency active duty for members of a reserve branch of the United States Armed Forces .
Benefits-eligible Veteran Employees may be granted leave without a deduction in salary or loss of vacation time, sick leave, earned overtime credit, or state compensatory time to obtain medical or mental health care administered by the Veterans Health Administration of the United States Department of Veterans Affairs, including physical rehabilitation. Leave granted under this section may not exceed 15 days each fiscal year.
Employees will submit their request for leave under this section to his/her immediate supervisor in advance when possible. Employees will provide Human Resources – Leave Administration Department with the Veterans Affairs Health Administration documentation and validation of medical and mental health care appointment.
The President or his/her designee may grant additional days of leave under to the employee if deemed appropriate. Employees requesting additional days under this section must submit a written request for additional days through their management chain and receive management's support before it is routed to the appropriate Vice President. If the Vice President supports the request, he or she will present the request to the President for consideration and decision.
A Benefits-eligible Employee who has worked for the State of Texas (not just UTSA) for at least twelve (12) months (the months need not be continuous) and for at least 1,250 hours in the twelve (12) months prior to the first day of leave, is entitled to FMLA leave.
Employees may request to take FMLA on an intermittent or reduced schedule basis when medically necessary.
Intermittent is defined as leave taken in separate blocks of time to cover a single illness or injury.
Reduced schedule is defined as a schedule that reduces the number of hours an employee usually works in a day or a week.
FMLA leave runs concurrently with the employee's use of sick leave, vacation leave, or floating holiday. If an employee exhausts all paid leave and FMLA leave remains available, the remaining FMLA leave is without pay. Employees on FMLA leave who are receiving temporary disability benefit payments or workers' compensation benefits shall not be required to utilize paid leave.
When an employee returns to work after taking FMLA leave, he or she is entitled to be restored to the same position held when the leave started or to an equivalent position with equivalent pay.
Birth of a child and care for that child during the 12 months after the birth.
Placement of a child with the employee for adoption or foster care during the 12 months after the placement.
To care for a spouse, child, or parent who has a serious health condition.
For treatment of a serious health condition that makes the employee unable to perform the functions of his or her job.
To care for the employee's parent who has a serious health condition.
Parent is defined as a biological, adoptive, step or foster father or mother, or any other individual who stood in loco parentis. This term does not include parents "in law".
Son or daughter is defined as a biological, adopted, or foster child, stepchild, a legal ward, or a child for whom you stood in loco parentis, and who is of any age.
Duty during deployment to a foreign country as a member of the regular Armed Forces.
Duty during deployment to a foreign country under a call or order to active duty as a member of the Reserves or National Guard.
Spending time with military member while they are on Rest and Recuperation leave (R&R).
Twenty-six (26) weeks of FMLA leave may be used by the employee for military caregiver leave. This leave may be taken to care for an injured or seriously ill service member or veteran of the armed forces.
Veteran must be discharged under conditions other than dishonorable within the five-year period before you first take military caregiver leave.
The serious injury or illness must have been incurred in the line of duty on active duty or aggravated by service during active duty.
Caregiver leave extends to Next of Kin.
For further detail information, see UTSA Human Resources Department FMLA .
Benefits-eligible Employees who do not qualify for FMLA, and are giving birth, adopting or fostering a child, are eligible to take a parental leave of absence . This leave is not to exceed twelve (12) weeks . The employee must utilize all available vacation and sick leave during this time. This leave is limited to, and begins with the date of, the birth , or the adoption or foster care placement of a child under three (3) years of age.
A Benefits-eligible Employee summoned to jury duty or subpoenaed as a witness shall be excused from work. There is no salary or wage deduction of an employee who is called for jury service, nor is the employee required to account for any fee or compensation received for jury service. Employees are expected to work, if reasonably possible, the time when not actually in a court or administrative proceeding . At the discretion of their immediate supervisor, employees may be required to provide documentation of jury attendance.
All Benefits-eligible Employees are eligible for time off to vote when it is not possible for them to vote before or after their normal working hours on an official election day. No reduction in vacation allowance or salary will be made for time taken for this purpose. Employees will coordinate with their supervisors to schedule time off .
The President, or his or her designee, may grant administrative leave with pay to a Benefits-eligible Employee as a reward for outstanding performance as documented by the employee's appraisals. This leave will not exceed thirty-two (32) hours during a fiscal year.
A volunteer firefighter or an emergency medical services volunteer may be given paid leave for the purpose of responding to emergency fire or medical situations.
An admission, review, and dismissal meeting held by a school district regarding the child under the foster care of the employee.
Benefits-eligible Employees may use up to eight (8) hours of sick leave each fiscal year to attend educational activities of the employee's children who are students attending pre-kindergarten through grade twelve (12). For this section an employee is a parent when they are a person standing in parental relation.
The approval of the governor.
A Benefits-eligible Employee who is a person with a disability (as defined by Gov. Code 661.910) is entitled to a paid leave of absence not to exceed ten (10) work days each fiscal year for the purpose of attending a training program to acquaint the employee with an assistance dog to be used by the employee.
Benefits-eligible Employees are entitled to a paid leave of absence, not to exceed five (5) work days in a fiscal year, to serve as a bone marrow donor. They are also entitled to a paid leave of absence for up to thirty (30) work days in a fiscal year to serve as an organ donor.
Benefits-eligible Employees may take sufficient time off without a deduction in salary or accrued leave to donate blood, provided the supervisor has approved the employee's request for time off. Upon return to work, the employee must provide documentation of the blood donation during the period of absence. If an employee fails to provide such documentation, they will use leave, or be placed on leave without pay if no leave is available. A Benefits-eligible Employee may receive time off under this section no more than four (4) times in a fiscal year.
All requested leave for wellness incentives are subject to supervisor approval. This approval is based on business need and may be revoked or revised as needed.
Benefits-eligible Employees are allowed up to thirty (30) minutes during normal working hours for exercise three times each week. This is without deduction in salary, wages or any paid leave balances.
Benefits-eligible Employees are allowed to attend on-campus wellness seminars. This is without deduction in salary, wages or any paid leave balances.
Completes any health risk assessment tool.
Any unused time of the additional leave hours will expire twelve (12) months after it is received. This leave time may be used for any purpose approved by the supervisor.
In accordance with Government Code 661.908 it is mandatory that all departments keep time and leave records for all Benefits-eligible Employees.
In order to comply with the above code, each department must ensure that each Benefits-eligible Employee reports their time and attendance to a designated individual who must ultimately validate the data and ensure that accrued state compensatory time and any absences (vacation, sick, comp time, floating holiday, etc.) are recorded.


Kothligad (or Peth) is a hill fort in Maharashtra. It is located at a modest elevation of 1500 feet in the Raigad district of the state. The pinnacle of the fort is shaped in the form of a vertical funnel, lending it a peculiar look. There are caves carved out of huge rocks at the top of the fort, alongside a pond perfectly square in shape. There are cisterns of water within the fort. An array of cannon balls can be found scattered inside the fortified walls. The veryical tunnel has large cool rooms and spacious caves, along with the staircases which lead to the top. The top of the fort presents a very picteresque view of the forests of Bh'ma Shankar to the North and the pinnacle of Dhak-Bahiri towards the South-West.
Food is available in the base village. You may want to carry your own food though, as the food served is not very good.
There are no caves or shelters atop the fort, or on the way to it. Accommodation must be arranged for in the base village.
It is advisable to carry your own water along with you as there are no sources of fresh water once you leave the base village of Vadgaon.
The first part of the trek involves walking for more than an hour before the village of Peth. This path can test our patience as the climb goes through dense forests and the fort is hidden for the major part of the climb. There is a temple at the base of the fort. Prominent arrow marks begin to show up from this place onwards, pointing the direction towards the pinnacle. We need to follow the arrow marks to reach the door to the fort. The vertical tunnel begins from this place. There are well carved stairs inside the tunnel which lead us to the top of the citadel.
Rail: Local trains are available to Karjat from Mumbai on the central line. The trains plying on the Mumbai-Pune route also halt at this place.
Road: Karjat is well connected with other parts of the state through NH 4 and NH 7. After reaching Karjat, State terminal buses are available via Neral to Ambi Valley. A straight road from this place leads to the village Peth.
Availability of Night Trek : Available. Kothligad is a major attraction for night trek, owing to its modest height.


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Q: how can i access to Array of function in swift? i am new in swift.
i have make a collectionview in nib file and i have a subview of that in main view controller.
i want show array in collectionview but i could not.
first i make a model of day:
struct Days {
    let day: String
    let Image: String
    let temp: Double
}

then in daycell:
class DayCell: UICollectionViewCell {
    @IBOutlet weak var lblDay: UILabel!
    @IBOutlet weak var imgWeather: KBImageView!
    @IBOutlet weak var lblTemp: UILabel!
    func updateViews(day: Days) {
        lblDay.text = day.day
        imgWeather.setImageWithKingFisher(url: day.Image)
        lblTemp.text = String(day.temp)
    }
}

then in public class, i get json data with alamofire and decode that and put them in my model:
public class Publics {
    static let instance = Publics()

func showInfo(code: String, completion: @escaping ([Days]) -> Void)  {

    let DaysUrl = "http://api.openweathermap.org/data/2.5/forecast?id=\(code)&appid=3e28385cde03f6ee26c83b629ca274cc"
       Alamofire.request(DaysUrl, method: .get, parameters: nil, encoding: URLEncoding.httpBody).responseJSON { response in
            if let data = response.data {
                do {
                    self.myJson = try JSONDecoder().decode(JsonForecast.Response.self, from: data)

                    let counter = (self.myJson?.list.count)! - 1

                    let myDay1 = self.myJson?.list[counter-32]
                    let myDay2 = self.myJson?.list[counter-24]
                    let myDay3 = self.myJson?.list[counter-16]

                    let weekDay1 = self.getDate(date: self.getDayOfWeek((myDay1?.dt_txt)!)!)
                    let weekDay2 = self.getDate(date: self.getDayOfWeek((myDay2?.dt_txt)!)!)
                    let weekDay3 = self.getDate(date: self.getDayOfWeek((myDay3?.dt_txt)!)!)

                   let DaysArray = [
                        Days(day: weekDay1, Image: (myDay1?.weather[0].icon)!, temp: (myDay1?.main?.temp)!) ,
                        Days(day: weekDay2, Image: (myDay2?.weather[0].icon)!, temp: (myDay2?.main?.temp)!) ,
                        Days(day: weekDay3, Image: (myDay3?.weather[0].icon)!, temp: (myDay3?.main?.temp)!)
                    ]
                    completion(DaysArray)
                } catch {
                    print(error)
                }
            }
        }
    }

till here i do not have problem but now i want to show DaysArray in collectionview but i can not and my collectionview class is below:
class DayCollection: UIView, UICollectionViewDelegate, UICollectionViewDataSource, UICollectionViewDelegateFlowLayout {

    @IBOutlet var contentView: UIView!
    @IBOutlet weak var collectionDay: UICollectionView!
    var days = [Days]()

    func collectionView(_ collectionView: UICollectionView, cellForItemAt indexPath: IndexPath) -> UICollectionViewCell {

        let cell = collectionView.dequeueReusableCell(withReuseIdentifier: "DayCell", for: indexPath) as! DayCell

        Publics.instance.showInfo(code: "112931") { result in
            self.days = result
            print(self.days)
            DispatchQueue.main.async {
                self.collectionDay.reloadData()
            }
        }
        let day = days[indexPath.item]
        cell.updateViews(day: day)

            return cell

    }

    func collectionView(_ collectionView: UICollectionView, numberOfItemsInSection section: Int) -> Int {
        return days.count
    }

    override func awakeFromNib() {
        super.awakeFromNib()

        self.collectionDay.dataSource = self
        self.collectionDay.delegate = self
        self.collectionDay.register(UINib(nibName: "DayCell", bundle: nil), forCellWithReuseIdentifier: "DayCell")

    }
}

what should i do in mainVC class?
(maybe i should i use from protocol delegate or no?)

A: First of all if you want to have constants in a struct declare them as constants. private(set) is horrible.
struct Days {
    let day: String
    let dImage: String
    let temp: Double
}

And never ever declare struct members as implicit unwrapped optionals which are initialized with non-optional values in an init method. The init method in a struct is not needed anyway.

You have to add a completion handler
public func showInfo(code: String, completion: @escaping ([Days]) -> Void)  {

...

let daysArray = [
   Days(day: weekDay1, Image: (myDay1?.weather[0].icon)!, temp: (myDay1?.main?.temp)!) ,
   Days(day: weekDay2, Image: (myDay2?.weather[0].icon)!, temp: (myDay2?.main?.temp)!) ,
   Days(day: weekDay3, Image: (myDay3?.weather[0].icon)!, temp: (myDay3?.main?.temp)!)
]
completion(daysArray)
}

Then in the class of the collection view add a data source array
var days = [Days]()

and get the data
Publics.instance.showInfo(code: "Foo") { result in
   self.days = result
   DispatchQueue.main.async {
       self.collectionDay.reloadData()
    }
}

and return days.count in numberOfItemsInSection
Further force unwrap the cell
let cell = collectionView.dequeueReusableCell(withReuseIdentifier: "DayCell", for: indexPath) as! DayCell

If the code crashes you made a design mistake. With the optional binding the code doesn't crash but you don't see anything and you don't know why
and get a day
let day = days[indexPath.item]
cell.updateViews(day)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Monique's Home Assisted Living is located close to the Calverton area of Beltsville, Maryland. They offer senior housing in a well-managed community for senior citizens. The zip code of 20705 which this community is located in is densely populated, including roughly 26,188 people. It is a mostly middle income area, with a median per-family income of $73,669. They are located close by various local amenities, which include churches, retail shopping, and medical services. They're located just 3.4 miles from Adventist Rehab Hospital. There are 8 pharmacies within 1 mile of the facility. There are also 76 churches within 4 miles, which include Lutheran Church of the Abiding, Russ Wesley H, St Joseph's Church, and Restore A Child.
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ISLAMABAD - Three lawyers have filed a review petition against Asia's Bibi's acquittal." They will request for Aasia Bibi's name to be put on the Exit Control List till there is a verdict on the review petition, he said.
Religious Affairs Minister Noorul Qadri was in contact with the leadership of the religious party.
The trial court and Lahore High Court's verdicts sentencing her to death have been overturned.


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Function for cars, pedestrians, bicyclists, and buses.
Please RSVP now to help us prepare. Send an email with your name and which time you prefer to: chris.c.henry@ci.eugene.or.us or call 541-682-8472. Can't make the meeting? Visit the project website at eugene-or.gov/SWillametteStreet between June 12 -18th to take a survey.
The City of Eugene is committed to access for all participants to all of the City's events, facilities, and programs. All events are held in wheelchair accessible rooms. For individuals who are deaf or hard of hearing, an interpreter, note taker, or FM assistive listening system (if available) can be provided by request with one week notice prior to the event. Materials can be made available in alternative formats if requested one week prior to the event, or after an event. To arrange for these services, or for more information, please contact Chris Henry at chris.c.henry@ci.eugene.or.us or 541-682-8472.
May 31, 2013 in Community Events, Meetings, Neighborhood Issues, Safety.


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text:
Capriano del Colle (Cavreà in dialetto bresciano) è un comune italiano di  abitanti della provincia di Brescia in Lombardia. Tra il 1927 e il 1957 ebbe il nome di Capriano Azzano in quanto nello stesso periodo inglobò il comune di Azzano Mella.

Comprende le pendici orientali del Monte Netto, zona di produzione della DOC Capriano del Colle e protetto dal parco regionale omonimo.

Geografia fisica
L'abitato principale e la frazione di Fenili Belasi sorgono alle pendici del Monte Netto, detto anche Colle di Capriano, il quale si tratta di un isolato terrazzo argilloso rossastro che si eleva per 15-35 metri dalla pianura circostante.

Il territorio in pianura è bagnato dal fiume Mella, il cui corso funge da confine coi vicino comuni di Castel Mella, Azzano Mella e Dello. La località Fenili Belasi è inoltre attraversato dal Garzetta, ramo orientale del torrente Garza.

 Classificazione sismica: zona 3 (sismicità bassa).

Origini del nome
Secondo quanto riportato da Mazza (1986), il toponimo potrebbe derivare dal personale latino Caprius o Caprilius. Avanza inoltre l'ipotesi che il termine possa aver avuto origine dal latino cavra, se si considera che l'altura del Monte Netto fu per molti secoli un terreno utilizzato come pascolo per le capre.

Storia

Epoca medievale e veneta
Secondo Mazza (1986) il paese ha origini medievali: esso si formò attorno ad un castello, posto sulle pendici occidentali del Monte Netto, e ad una cappella dedicata a San Michele, la quale era una diaconia dipendente dalla pieve di Azzano Mella.

Secondo gli studi di Sandro Guerrini riportati sempre da Mazza (1986), a Capriano furono presenti in tempi diversi due castelli. Quello vecchio fu sede dei Confalonieri, feudatari vescovili della Pieve di Azzano, nonché capi dell'esercito vescovile, carica che li rese una delle famiglie più potenti nella corte del Vescovo-conte bresciano. Presso le località di Movico e di Torricello furono presenti altri castelli.

Nel XII secolo, la diaconia di San Michele entrò a far parte del capitolo della Cattedrale bresciana, come attestato da coeve bolle papali. Il capitolo ebbe il diritto di nominare un sacerdote o un chierico per la cura delle anime; tuttavia fino alla prima metà del Cinquecento il titolare non abitò in paese.

La presenza di un Comune è dimostrata dall'Estimo Visconteo del 1385 che lo inseriva nella quadra detta di Capriano con Mairano. L'istituto possedeva un vasto territorio, ma era molto povero tanto che fu privo di dipendenti, ad eccezione del massaro.

Nel 1427, il paese entrò a far parte della Repubblica di Venezia, come il resto del territorio bresciano. Fu assegnato alla quadra di Bagnolo a cui appartenne fino al 1797. Nel 1483 fu occupato brevemente dagli Sforza.

Secondo quanto riportato dal Da Lezze nel suo Catastico bresciano (1610), la cappella di San Michele risulta già eretta a Parrocchia: nei secoli precedenti aveva anche inglobato la diaconia dedicata San Lorenzo e le cappelle di Fenili Belasi e Pontegatello. Nel 1675, la fabbrica fu completamente ricostruita sulla base di un progetto steso dall'architetto Groppi.

Epoca napoleonica e asburgica
Nel marzo 1797, il comune entrò a far parte della Repubblica bresciana. Nel maggio fu assegnato al Cantone di Garza occidentale e in tale contesto rimase quando l'effimera repubblica confluì nel Dipartimento del Mella della Cisalpina. Nel maggio dell'anno seguente fu inquadrato nel Distretto del Monte di cui fu anche capoluogo. Nell'ottobre successivo fu poi inserito nel Distretto del Garza occidentale con la denominazione di Capriano e Pontegatello.

Dopo la parentesi dell'invasione austro-russa (1799), il comune ritornò alla Cisalpina. Nel maggio 1801, la repubblica napoleonica procedette ad una nuova riorganizzazione: il comune fu assegnato al Distretto III di Verola Alghisi.

In tale contesto rimase sotto la Repubblica Italiana. Con la riorganizzazione del napoleonico regno d'Italia (giugno 1805) si modificarono anche i confini del territorio comunale: Pontegatello fu assegnato ad Azzano, mentre Capriano ottenne in cambio la frazione di Movico, in precedenza assegnata al comune di Corticelle. Con Decreto 8 giugno 1805, il comune di Capriano con Movico fu quindi inglobato all'interno del Cantone III di Brescia, a sua volta appartenente al Distretto I, con capoluogo omonimo, del Dipartimento del Mella. Fu inoltre categorizzato all'interno della Terza Classe.

Nel 1810, il comune ricevette i territori dei soppressi comuni di Azzano con Pontegatello e di Corticelle. La denominazione fu convertita nel più semplice Capriano. La nuova municipalità fu quindi assegnata al Cantone II di Brescia del Distretto I, con capoluogo omonimo, del Dipartimento del Mella.

Con la caduta di Napoleone, il Congresso di Vienna (1814-1815) assegnò il territorio bresciano al Regno Lombardo-Veneto, a sua volta dipendente dall'Impero austriaco degli Asburgo. Privato dei territori di Azzano con Pontegatello e Corticelle, ritornati autonomi, a seguito della notificazione del 1816 fu inserito nel Distretto III di Bagnolo appartenente alla Provincia di Brescia.

Nel 1847 Santa Maria Crocefissa di Rosa istituì l'oratorio femminile.

Dopo l'Unità d'Italia
A seguito degli eventi della Seconda guerra d'indipendenza italiana (1859), il territorio bresciano entrò a far parte del Regno di Sardegna (dal 1861 Regno d'Italia). Secondo il Decreto Rattazzi, il comune di Capriano fu assegnato al mandamento V di Bagnolo appartenente al circondario I di Brescia dell'omonima provincia. Nel 1862, con Regio Decreto 5 ottobre 1862, n. 879, il toponimo fu trasformato in Capriano del Colle allo scopo di essere distinto da altre municipalità omonime.

Con , il vicino comune di Azzano Mella fu soppresso e il suo territorio fu incorporato in quello di Capriano. Contestualmente la denominazione della municipalità fu cambiata in Capriano Azzano. Nel 1957, fu effettuata l'operazione contraria, per la quale fu restituita ad Azzano l'autonomia.

Simboli

Il gonfalone è un drappo partito di giallo e di azzurro.

Monumenti e luoghi d'interesse

Architetture religiose
 Chiesa di San Michele: parrocchiale di epoca secentesca, completata nel 1675 su progetto dell'architetto Gianbattista Groppi. All'interno è presente unUltima Cena del Cossali. La torre campanaria, costruita nel 1737 è opera di Antonio Corbellini.
 Santuario Madonna della Neve: la fabbrica originaria è del XII secolo con rimaneggiamenti e restauri successivi. All'interno è presente una pala raffigurante la Madonna con Bambino che appare a papa Liberio, opera del Bagnadore datata 1593, e due affreschi rappresentanti San Rocco e San Carlo.

Architetture civili

 Palazzo Bocca-Vergine: è una costruzione disarticolata che sorge dove anticamente era posto il castello nuovo e che si eleva sulla parte più alta del paese dominando la piazza.
 Villa Belasi: si trova nella frazione di Fenili Belasi e trae nome dalla famiglia che lo costruì. Si tratta di un palazzo nobiliari ad impianto secentesco con caratteristica colombara. La facciata antistante la strada è piuttosto semplice e dotata di portale bugnato. Quella interna, invece, è caratterizzata da un porticato a sei luci.
 Torre Avogadro: costruita nel Cinquecento dai Bornati e poi da questi venduta agli Avogadro al termine del medesimo secolo. Da questa famiglia fu usata come casino di caccia.

Società

Lingua e dialetto
Nel territorio di Capriano del Colle, accanto all'italiano, è parlata la lingua lombarda prevalentemente nella sua variante di dialetto bresciano.

Evoluzione demografica

Geografia antropica
Oltre all'abitato sede comunale, Capriano del Colle possiede una frazione, Fenili Belasi, e diverse località e cascine.

Fenili Belasi
Frazione che sorge lungo la strada provinciale IX detta Quinzanese alle pendici occidentali del Monte Netto.

In epoca veneta fu terra esente e quindi feudo. Probabilmente fu retto brevemente in comune nel Seicento, dato che fu presente nell'Elenco dei comuni del Territorio di Brescia redatto nel 1679, ma non in quello edito nel 1766.

Movico
Da Maconis Vicus è una località posta sulla riva sinistra del Mella, lungo la strada provinciale che collega Quinzanello a Bagnolo Mella.

Secondo Paolo Guerrini (1955) fu una corte di origine romana, posseduta dal Monastero di Santa Giulia a cavallo dell'anno Mille.

In epoca veneta fu comune autonomo, assegnato prima alla quadra di Bagnolo e poi a quella di Mairano. Stando all'Elenco dei comuni del Territorio di Brescia del 1679, la municipalità fu poi associata a Corticelle cui rimase legata fino al 1805, quando con la Legge 8 giugno 1805 il territorio fu assegnato a Capriano per istituire il comune di Capriano con Movico.

Torricello
Località posta a settentrione di Movico, a cui storicamente appartenne quando quest'ultima si resse in municipalità autonoma. Ad essa appartengono vari cascinali come la cascina omonima, la Stallotto, la Bargnanina, la Bona e la Tre Camini.

Amministrazione

Note

Bibliografia

  .

Altri progetti

Collegamenti esterni

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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text:
What is Ransomware
as a Service (RaaS)?
Recent spikes in the use of the Ransomware as a Service (RaaS) model are easy to explain.
Ransomware attacks increased by 40% globally in Q3 2020, to 199.7 million cases. Attacks in the United States alone have increased by 139% year over year, with 145.2 million cases reported in Q3 2020.
Since Q3 2019, the average ransom demand has increased by 33% to $111,605. RaaS solutions are engineered explicitly for victim proliferation because of their low technical barrier to entry and enormous affiliate earning potential.
What is Ransomware as a Service (RaaS)?
How Ransomware as a Service (RaaS) Works?
Preventing Ransomware as a Service (RaaS) Attacks
Ransomware as a Service (RaaS) is a subscription-based model that allows affiliates to execute ransomware attacks using pre-developed ransomware tools. In simpler words, tweaking the Software as a Service (SaaS) business model gives rise to Ransomware as a service (RaaS). All successful hackers should know coding before, which is no longer a prerequisite thanks to the RaaS model.
Users of RaaS, like all SaaS solutions, do not need to be skilled or even experienced to use the tool effectively. As a result, RaaS solutions enable even the most inexperienced hackers to carry out highly sophisticated cyberattacks. For example, malicious actors who lack the skills or time to develop their ransomware variants can use RaaS kits to get up and running quickly and cheaply.
They're easy to come by on the dark web, where RaaS providers sell Ransomware as a Service the same way legitimate products are. A traditional RaaS kit includes 24/7 support, bundled offers, user reviews, forums, and other features similar to legitimate SaaS providers.
RaaS kits range in price from $40 per month to several thousand dollars – a small change compared to the average ransom demand of $234,000 in Q3 2020 (and trending upward). To become wealthy, a threat actor does not need every attack to be successful.
In this malicious franchise-style deployment model, cybercriminals write ransomware code. Once done, they sell/rent it to other cybercriminals. They provide technical know-how and step-by-step instructions on how to use the service to launch a ransomware attack, which includes a platform that can show the attack status in real-time.
The ransom money is split between the service provider, coder, and attacker once the attack is successful. Traditional rules do not constraints RaaS as it isn't a precise and transparent web service.
Each RaaS provider has its business model. However, with a few exceptions, all Ransomware-as-a-Service operators can be divided into four major categories based on the observations made thus far.
Subscription-Based
Some RaaS operators can provide access to various types of ransomware-centric services in exchange for a flat fee paid in Bitcoin or another cryptocurrency, similar to clear-web, subscription-based services (e.g., Netflix, Hulu, Dropbox, Salesforce, and so on). Customers can be billed at the end of each month or annually.
Affiliate-Based
In addition to the flat fee, RaaS operators who run affiliate programs may demand a profit percentage. The 'beneficiary' will get more help, possibly gain access to paywall features or content, case-specific tools, custom code, and so on.
Lifetime Licensing
This model considers the psychology of the purchase-once-use-forever business model. Some RaaS operators prefer to sell fully licensed ransomware kits or malicious tools rather than passive income from subscribers or affiliates. Off-the-shelf malicious tools are, of course, much more expensive than a subscription or joining an affiliate program.
The customer becomes a co-conspirator, splitting the profits with the RaaS operator. The profit cuts are primarily determined by how each actor contributes to the 'project.'
The sophistication and severity of these highly profitable attacks will almost certainly continue to rise. Businesses must implement proactive security measures that reduce the risk of a ransomware attack for proactive protection. There are a few best practices to follow to reduce the risk of RaaS attacks:
Backup Data and Systems
The first and most important step is setting up a data backup and recovery plan. Ransomware encrypts data and prevents users from accessing it. Organizations can mitigate the impact of an attacker encrypting data if ups are available for a quick recovery operation.
Update The Security Software Regularly
Ransomware frequently takes advantage of known flaws in software and operating systems. To help prevent ransomware attacks, keep your software up to date with every patch and update release. Additionally, Cybercriminals seek the quickest and most convenient method of gaining access to systems and networks. Installing regular security patch updates is critical to mitigating risk as they increase their use of CVEs to infiltrate organizations. Making the cost of gaining access outweigh the benefit of the ransom is the key to reducing the likelihood of a successful ransomware attack.
Culture Of Cyber Awareness
Protection against phishing is the most important preventative measure. Email phishing is a common ransomware attack vector. Organizations can prevent RaaS attacks by using anti-phishing email security. Fundamentally, businesses must enable their employees by cultivating a security culture. This situation implies that they must provide appropriate cyber awareness training and tools. The following are some examples of best practices:
Provide cyber awareness training once a year
Tests for phishing, smishing, and similar social engineering attacks
Tools for password management including multifactor authentication
Identify and report new phishing attack risks regularly
Filtering Of DNS Records
Ransomware frequently uses a command and control (C2) server to communicate with a RaaS operator's platform. You can use a DNS query to interact from an infected system to the C2 server. Organizations can use a DNS filtering security service to detect when Ransomware attempts to communicate with the RaaS C2 and block the communication. This mechanism can plan an infection-prevention role.
Endpoint Security With XDR
Endpoint security and threat hunting technologies, such as XDR, are another critical layer of ransomware defense, providing enhanced detection and response capabilities, which can help to reduce the risk of Ransomware.
The rise of Ransomware as a service (RaaS) is obvious: it's cheap, powerful, easy to deploy, and requires little to no technical knowledge. However, while Ransomware-as-a-Service (RaaS) is a brainchild and one of the most recent threats to prey on digital users, it is critical to take some preventative measures to combat this threat.
You can only mitigate the risks associated with RaaS by continuously monitoring systems and networks for flaws. When a company makes it difficult for cybercriminals to access data, the company's return on investment suffers. Schedule a demo with us today to ensure a more secure environment, thus making it difficult for cybercriminals to gain initial access.
Sophisticated attacks demand a strong, prepared workforce. Let us help you.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Q: Size of allocated memory to a pointer changes when increment the pointer  char *ptr = (char*)malloc(10);

    if(NULL == ptr)
    {
        printf("\n Malloc failed \n");
        return -1;
    }
    else if(argc == 1)
    {
        printf("\n Usage  \n");
    }
    else
    {
        memset(ptr, 0, 10);

        strncpy(ptr, argv[1], 9);

        while(*ptr != 'z')
        {
            ptr++;
        }

        if(*ptr == 'z')
        {
            printf("\n String contains 'z'\n");
            /* Do some more processing */
        }

       free(ptr);
    }

In the previous code, lets say that arguments to the program is: Mixx, the program gives a segmentation error.
And my question is:
When I do this in the while loop:
ptr++;

does this mean that the size of memory allocated to the pointer ptr also changes and that's why when I call the free() function it crashes.

A: Your hunch is correct: the behaviour of your program is undefined.
You must pass the original value of ptr to free.
(Also, while(*ptr != 'z') is vulnerable to overrunning your input. Consider checking for \0 too.)

A: You can only pass to free a pointer that was returned by malloc, calloc, or realloc.  What you passed it was a different pointer.  The fact that it points within the allocated block doesn't matter.
You need to keep track of the original pointer so it can be freed.
char *ptr = (char*)malloc(10);
char *ptr_sav = ptr;

...

free(ptr_sav);

Also, when you loop through the string, you're not checking to see if you reached the end of the string.  If you search past the null terminator, you access memory you don't own and invoke undefined behavior.
Add the check as follows:
while(*ptr != 'z' && *ptr != '\0')


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The benefits of the debt consolidation process make it one of the most successful debt assistance methods out there. For anybody who is wanting to seriously investigate the approach, you will need to know the steps. This method may not be well suited for you, and may not actually be available to you.
This is a strategy that calls for a good credit score. Somebody's credit rating is evidence of his or her inclination to honor his / her financial responsibilities. If it's inadequate, then a particular person is high-risk, and won't get a consolidation loan. When you have excellent credit ratings, the financial institution will be content to lend you cash, confident that they're going to be paid.
So, is consolidation available with your credit score? If you reside in Lake Village with a credit rating under 700, your credit is under exceptional and you are less apt to be approved. On the other hand, you should not assume that your credit score is the only thing that will determine your approval. People without any income source are unable to receive this type of consolidation loan, in spite of credit. Never request a debt consolidation loan without having exceptional credit and consistent stable income.
Alright, so you've got the continual cash flow plus the exceptional credit standing. You are all but assured approval for the consolidation loan in Lake Village, Arkansas. So what now? Step # 1 will be to consider which debts will be associated in the debt consolidation process. Your debt consolidation loan company should get these details within the initial meeting. Tally up the total amount of each one of the financial obligations so that you will have this info on hand, as well.
Ensure that any debt consolidation organization you deal with has a minimal rate of interest. A low rate of interest will lead to major savings. If it is not low enough to help save you cash, it is not worth the time. Take the time to investigate area banks as well as other lenders that provide consolidation loans to find out what ones have the cheapest rates.
Needless to say, low rates of interest are not the only things to consider that you should bear in mind when scouting for a debt consolidation loan that's good for you. You have to become acquainted with the loan's stipulations. The payment date and sum of your repayment will be in the terms. As will your rate of interest, your repayment agenda, and any kind of fines added for overdue payments.
Do not commit to a final decision without checking for ratings with the Better Business Bureau (BBB). BBB evaluations can typically be respected as they are made up of client service quality and feedback from customers. A- is the lowest tolerable ranking for a debt consolidation lender. The firms with A scores are the best to use.
Once you are sure that you have identified the very best financial institution and certain loan option for yourself, all that's left to do is to submit an application for the loan . W2s and pay stubs will certainly be enough as verification of earnings, and you'll also have to display proof of your identification, although you may complete the consolidation loan application form on the internet. This is how financial institutions validate that you will be able to make payments and you also are just who you profess to be. In order to complete the application routine, the consolidation loan company is going to ask for documents concerning the outstanding consumer debt, as well.
Many people are ecstatic to know that they can fill out their application form straight from the house with the swiftness of the web. Then again, not every individual is confident with filling out an application in this manner. You may submit an application on the telephone with many loan providers, and via the mail with other ones. Select which ever alternative suits you best.
When you're waiting for a reply, there are things taking place behind the scenes. It would not do any person a bit of good to misrepresent facts concerning their credit score, their income, or their identification, because all these issues are going to be addressed as you are awaiting an answer. The consolidation loan is going to be approved once all is determined honest and accurate plus your credit rating is deemed sufficient. Many get this notice via phone, and others learn via snail mail or e-mail. People who apply online are usually contacted over e-mail, whilst others are going to be approached over phone call or postal mail, respectively.
At long last, your consolidation loan application is approved, and you are helpless to hold your joy, while you go over the documents you have been asked to put your signature on. Don't sign something which you have never very carefully read and scrutinized. Even if your small print seems of minor importance, read it to make sure. Don't neglect to exercise extreme caution with a business simply because you feel positive about their reputation and BBB ranking. In the end you have to know what you've consented to on placing your signature to the document. You won't have to do anything else, once you have signed the consolidation loan arrangement. The lender will pay the organizations you have stipulated and establishes a new consolidation loan account. As the loan provider settles each unsettled balance, you are going to receive postal mail letters from those balances, informing you about the changes. Such letters ought to be filed , somewhere safe, for future need.
If you've got a poor credit history, you will understandably feel a bit unhappy because you'll not likely be able to get a debt consolidation reduction loan in your present-day credit predicament. If your credit rating is not a minimum of six-eighty, you shouldn't expect to be approved. There are a lot of different strategies available, for people like you.
Tremendous amounts of financial debt could necessitate the debt settlement strategy that's strongly suggested by many Lake Village people with subpar credit scores. It's an effective way of getting the actual balances reduced. Your lenders can be contacted by the debt settlement organization and together, they will workout a contract which is mutually useful to lenders and to you. Debt settlement agencies also work towards setting up a scenario in which you may find it much easier to afford your repayments. When payments are fair, you will make them easily and on time. So, as time passes, you advance on fulfilling your obligations and make great progress toward restoring your credit.
There will be a cost, however. Any amount of debt you have settled through the settlement agent shall be employed to determine a percentage which is then billed to you. This is often pricey in many circumstances. But many still utilize this method as the most beneficial alternative for their debt alleviation requirements and consumer credit eligibility.
This may be a last resort for many people, yet it is definitely a great way to get aid with consumer debt when you are in above your head. Your best option will be to keep away from personal bankruptcy forever if that is at all possible to do. Receiving a loan down the road should be close to hopeless once you have undergone the bankruptcy approach. You quickly become a certified high risk for every would-be loan provider when you choose to declare individual bankruptcy.
No credit score can make it through personal bankruptcy. A lot of people who file for either Chapter 7 or Chapter 13 bankruptcy notice that their scores promptly decline 2 hundred pts if not more. Your options and prospects on earth can be fewer and harder to come by as you grow ineligible for financial loans, selected purchases, as well as certain jobs which entail a credit check.
To have a bad situation worse, between legal professionals and processing charges, consumer bankruptcy costs a lot of cash. A lawyer can help you with the complex and demanding procedure, helping you get through it much easier than you might without one. The attorney will cost you money of course, so keep that in mind.
Though it is not difficult to disregard, we should furthermore note the various advantages of bankruptcy. First of all, you could negotiate deals with many of the lenders to get bad debts forgiven or settled with your own valuable assets instead of coming up with significant monthly installments and accumulating large amounts of interest for the rest of your lifetime. If you declare bankruptcy, you'll see that certain debts may not be covered. School loans are one particular personal debt not covered by personal bankruptcy. This financial debt will stay with you , until it's paid.
Personal bankruptcy should never be selected to manage your debt in Lake Village without conversing with a skilled credit debt counselor. After all, there may be other alternatives to declaring bankruptcy that can help you to escape your present consumer debt situation.
From here, there's no question that you've got several alternatives to examine, and you will probably need to do your homework. The foremost and hardest move is to discover your options and pick the one which is perfect for you. To really fix debt challenges, you will need to invest to an opportunity you've chosen, understand and comply with your arrangements, and look ahead to a better fiscal future.


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Can we 'live off the land' just from wild food's in the UK?
Living off the land is more than just the occasional foraging outing for a few fungi some elder flowers and sweet chestnuts. The phrase 'Living off the land' to me means much more than that, that in actual fact you would provide all your food from the land. This demands much more in time, energy, skill and commitment than collecting the occasional bit of wild food. But is it possible to 'live off the land' in the UK today?
A selection of wild soups, nettle (back) and alexander (front), the issue is that these soups were not made entirely from foraged ingredients; seasoning and cream, and in the case of the alexander soup potatoes, were all ingredients from the kitchen.
The whole population of the UK certainly couldn't live off the land, before agriculture when the inhabitants of the British Isles would have lived a hunter gatherer lifestyle there would have been a few thousand people roaming these islands moving from one seasonal glut to another, taking advantage of hazel nuts in autumn, birds eggs in spring, and other animals and plants as the seasons and availability dictated. But now with a population of around 60 million those resources would never support that number of people, instead we rely on agriculture both from within the country and imports to provide our food, even ingredients which could be foraged and found wild. There is no way that our naturally occurring 'wild' flora and fauna could be sustainably harvested to feed the population of the UK if they were to try to live off the land.
A brief autumn foraging session yielded a basket full of shaggy ink caps, but how long would this feed you for? and how much time would you need to spend foraging to feed your whole family?
Even on an individual basis the laws which we now have which govern access, animal welfare, wildlife and countryside issues, hunting and fishing etc.. make it impossible to move around the country to take advantage of wild food with the freedom that would have been allowed in the hunter gatherer era. Without this access we can't always take advantage of the woods where the hazelnuts grow if they are owned by someone else or shoot the deer that would feed a family for a week because we don't have a firearms licence or the permission to shoot it. So in short, no I don't think we can live off the land in the UK, certainly not as a society anyway, maybe individuals with the right knowledge and skill but even that would be very difficult bearing in mind the restrictions now placed on the methods we use to hunt and the ownership and authorisation to use land and pick or uproot plants.
Three Chinese Water Deer culled as part of the management of an invasive species on agricultural land. These are excellent wild food and something that our hunter gatherer ancestors would have been completely unfamiliar with as they were'nt introduced to the British Isles until the 1890's.
I would love to think that we could live off the land but realistically I don't think it possible in the UK at the moment.
Labels: 'Living off the land', Geoff
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