The mucosae of the oral cavity are different at the histological level but appear all equally exposed to common genotoxic agents. As a result of this exposure, changes in the mucosal epithelia may develop giving rise to Oral Potentially Malignant Lesions (OPMLs), which with time may in turn progress to Oral Squamous Cell Carcinomas (OSCCs). Therefore, much effort should be devoted to identify features able to predict the likeliness of progression associated with an OPML. Such features may be helpful in assisting the clinician to establish both appropriate therapies and follow-up schedules. Here, we report a pilot study that compared the occurrence of DNA aneuploidy and chromosomal copy number aberrations (CNAs) in the OPMLs from different oral anatomical subsites.
Samples from histologically diagnosed OPMLs were processed for high resolution DNA flow cytometry (hr DNA-FCM) in order to determine the relative DNA content expressed by the DNA index (DI). Additionally, array-Comparative Genomic Hybridization (a-CGH) analysis was performed on DNA obtained from diploid nuclei suspensions directly. When aneuploid nuclei were detected, these were physically separated from diploid nuclei on the base of their DI values by means of a DNA-FCM-Sorter in order to improve the a-CGH analysis.
Tongue OPMLs were more frequently associated with DNA aneuploidy and CNAs than OPMLs arising from all the other mucosal subsites.
We suggest that the follow-up and the management of the patients with tongue OPMLs should receive a distinctive special attention. Clearly, this hypothesis should be validated in a prospective clinical study.
Oral mucosae are exposed to genotoxic insults principally from chemical components contained in cigarette smoke, tobacco, food and beverages. About two thirds of oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs) may be explained by tobacco cigarette and alcohol consumption . In particular, tobacco smoke and alcohol appear to synergistically influence the development of oral epithelial dysplasia . The role of other agents such as fungi and viruses is also recognized including the sexually transmitted human papilloma virus (HPV). This virus, in particular, appears to be linked to a recent surge of cancers especially in young individuals and in anatomical subsites located at the back of the oral cavity as well as in the pharynx [3, 4]. As a result of these genotoxic insults, the normal epithelia may undergo with time to morphological changes leading to lesions appearing as patches/plaques with white (leukoplakia) or red (erythroplakia) or mixed color (erythroleukoplakia) . Altogether, these lesions are referred to as Oral Potentially Malignant Lesions (OPMLs). The actual transformation rate associated with these lesions is quite different, being those with a mixed appearance at a higher risk of neoplastic progression . These lesions may or may not be dysplastic. Both macroscopic and microscopic features may be evaluated differently due to the subjective criteria of classification. It is widely accepted that OPMLs associated with dysplasia deserve a closer clinical follow-up and earlier surgical treatment on the basis of a higher potential of malignant transformation with respect to non dysplastic OPMLs .
Concerning the anatomical subsites of development of OPMLs, it should be considered that the stratified epithelia covering the structures present in the oral cavity have diverse histological features, which may result in different levels of permeability. In addition, different oral subsites with the same pattern of epithelial differentiation were found to display different permeability properties . A different exposure to genotoxic insults may also occur at particular regions due to other causes i.e., due to a pooling effect. Both different permeability and different exposure may be reflected at the pathophysiological level by different rates of occurrence of OPMLs and progression of these lesions to malignant transformation among different subsites.
Most OSCCs arise from the floor of the mouth, the soft palate complex and the lateral/ventral tongue [9, 10]. Concerning the tongue, oncologically relevant lesions involve almost exclusively its lateral and ventral subsites, sparing the dorsum. It has also been reported that the lateral tongue displays a high recurrence rate after surgery for OSCC . Interestingly, however, a large study showed that there was no survival difference between patients with tongue cancer and cancers located at other oral cavity anatomical subsites .
It is conceivable that the epithelia covering subsites at high risk of cancerization  are more frequently associated with dysplasia. Alternatively, dysplastic lesions at these subsites may have a higher propensity to undergo malignant transformation.
Whatever hypothesis is true, it is expected that large genomic changes such as DNA aneuploidy, should be found more frequently associated with OPMLs arising from subsites at high risk of cancerization than in low risk subsites. Along this line, an early report indicated that DNA aneuploidy proved to be a prognostic indicator of malignancy progression in oral cancer . Recently, it has also been proposed that DNA ploidy analysis helps to identify oral epithelial dysplasia with a high risk of malignant progression . Furthermore, a pilot study reported that dysplasia from high risk subsites have a greater tendency to include genetic aberrations such as loss of heterozygosity (LOH) on 3p and/or 9p associated with elevated risk of progression .
In the present study, we took advantage of high resolution DNA flow cytometry (hr DNA-FCM) to detect subclones with DNA aneuploidy. Additionally, we evaluated by a-CGH chromosomal segmental gains and losses and chromosomal numerical aberrations, which are generally defined as DNA copy number aberrations (CNAs). This last approach was done, for the DNA aneuploid lesions, after the sorting DNA aneuploid epithelial nuclei. Using these techniques, we aimed to explore the relationship among OPML anatomical subsite, DNA aneuploidy and CNAs.
Patients with OPMLs were recruited in two different medical centers: the Oral Medicine and Oral Oncology Section of the University of Turin at the A.S.O. S. Luigi Gonzaga (Orbassano-Turin) and at the Department of Otolaryngology, "S. Martino Hospital" in Genoa. Patient written consent was obtained in every case according to the Institutional Ethic Committees (A.S.O. S. Luigi Gonzaga Prot. N. 11780 and S. Martino Hospital Prot. N. 1084) during an interview in which their tobacco and alcohol habits were recorded.
Inclusion criteria were the presence of one or more OPMLs (homogeneous and non-homogeneous leukoplakias, erythroplakias and erythroleukoplakias) affecting only a single oral cavity subsite and not extending to other subsites. The patients were all at first presentation, with no history of a previous cancer of the oral cavity.
For each individual OPML, micro-biopsies (by means of a curette) and incisional biopsies were obtained as previously detailed . In performing the micro-biopsies, care was taken to cause slight bleeding to ensure that the basal layers of the epithelium had been collected . The samples from the OPMLs, when these were relatively large, included also the lesion margins. Micro-biopsies were also obtained from "oral distant fields" (ODFs) at a distance from co-existing OPMLs and characterized by visually normal appearing mucosa.
Both micro-biopsies and incisional biopsies were subdivided in order to serve for both FCM and a-CGH analyses and histological diagnosis. The samples for DNA-FCM and a-CGH were either immediately submitted to FCM analysis or stored at -20°C to be processed at a later time. The histological diagnosis of dysplasia in ODFs and OPMLs was carried out by a specially trained pathologist, according to the WHO guidelines [17, 18]. ODF samples never harbored dysplasia. Dysplastic lesions included all grades of dysplasia.
Specific data concerning lesion size and homogeneity could not be reliably retrieved from the patients' clinical files.
Table 1 reports the number of patients enrolled in the study and the type and number of tissue samples used to perform FCM and a-CGH analyses. Some patients presented multiple lesions in the same anatomical subsite. Patients with tissue samples derived from the tongue or from all the other subsites were referred to as T or O patients respectively.
Patients enrolled in the study, type and number of samples used to perform the FCM and aCGH analyses.
§Fifty-six males and 51 females, with a median age of 58 years, range 26-86 without actual or previous oropharyngeal cancer. Sixty-four patients showed presence of lesions on the buccal mucosa, 21 on the tongue, 8 on the gum and 14 on other subsites.
*These 13 male and 14 female patients, with a median age of 64, range 26-83, were a subgroup of the 107 patients examined by FCM analysis. Fourteen patients showed presence of lesions on the buccal mucosa, 8 on the tongue, 3 on the gum and 2 on other subsites.
Tissue samples were processed to obtain DAPI stained nuclei suspensions following the method of Otto et al.  with modifications. High resolution DNA flow cytometry (hr DNA-FCM) of these samples was used as previously described in details to obtain DNA content histograms and to evaluate the DNA Index (DI). DNA diploid controls were represented by gender-specific human lymphocytes. The mean CV of the corresponding DNA diploid GO-G1 peaks was 1.2 ± 0.2%. The DNA diploid (DI = 1) and aneuploid sublines (DI≠1) detected in ODFs and OPMLs were sorted using a Cyflow Space FCM equipped with a PPCS unit (Partec GmbH, Muenster, Germany) at the purity of about 99%. Patients with tissue samples derived from the tongue or from all the other subsites were referred as T patients or O patients respectively. DI values were determined in 21 T and 86 O patients (Table 2).
Distribution of patients with OPMLs+ODFs in the tongue (T patients) or in all the other oral mucosal regions (O patients) or in Buccal Mucosa (BM patients) with respect to DNA diploid or aneuploid status.
*Once stratified for presence/absence of dysplasia in the OPMLs, ORM-H = 5.5 (p = 0.002).
§Once stratified for presence/absence of dysplasia in the OPMLs, ORM-H = 5.9 (p = 0.001).
The DNA aneuploid sublines detected by hr-DNA FCM were physically separated from the DNA diploid components with a FCM-sorter and submitted, as a pure subpopulation of nuclei from epithelial cells, to a-CGH to provide a genome-wide measurement of DNA copy number aberrations (CNAs).
Concerning DNA diploid lesions, no enrichment for epithelial cell nuclei was performed. Therefore, diploid nuclei from non-epithelial cells may be present in the sample processed for a-CGH.
After DNA FCM analyses and before DNA extraction, both aneuploid and diploid nuclei were washed twice with H2O at 3000 rpm, for 15 minutes at 10°C.
In order to investigate the link between CNAs and oral subsites, we first performed a contrast match with respect to sample DNA aneuploidy and with respect to smoke habit and gender of the patients. Overall, we obtained 37 different tissue samples from 27 patients (8 T patients and 19 O patients respectively) already assayed by hr DNA-FCM analysis (Table 1). Subsequently, the incidence of CNAs occurring in the samples of the two groups of patients was determined.
The sum of the segmental and numerical aberrations, which occurred within 41 chromosomal arms (no a-CGH probes were available for p arms of chromosomes 13, 14, 15, 21 and 22), irrespective of the size of the genomic region involved, were referred to as total gain, total loss and total gain+loss of genomic DNA. The sum was obtained by assigning a value of 1 for each chromosomal arm showing one or more CNAs events. In this way, each patient/lesion was characterized by a score ranging from 0 (no event detected) to 41 (gain/loss/gain+loss events detected in every arm of the chromosomes for which a-CGH probes are available). The rationale that prompted us to adopt this approach is that the pathophysiological consequences, in terms of genetic instability and risk of cancer development for the oral mucosa, of either large or small chromosomal aberrations are not fully established.
When multiple tissue samples were available from a single oral lesion, the highest sum value per chromosomal arm was assigned. By using this approach, we obtained for each patient/lesion a single aberration value.
In order to evaluate the relationship between DNA aneuploidy and oral mucosa subsites, the patients were subdivided between those having tissue samples from tongue (T patients, n = 21), those having tissue samples from all the other sites (O patients, n = 86) and those having tissue samples from Buccal mucosa (BM patients, n = 64). These latter group, which was the most represented subsite, was used to address whether the Tongue patients' lesions were different in terms of DNA aneuplody with respect to the lesions arising in a different specific oral mucosa subsite. The incidence of DNA aneuploidy occurring in the samples of the three groups of patients was determined. When both DNA aneuploid and DNA diploid sublines were detected in the same tissue sample, we took as representative the aneuploid one. Table 2 shows that DNA aneuploidy was more frequent among T patients with respect to both O patients (p = 0.0008) and BM patients (p = 0.001).
To verify whether the presence of ODFs in addition to the OPMLs could affect the results, we performed two separate analyses on OPMLs (Table 3) and on ODFs (Table 4), which confirmed that DNA aneuploidy was significantly more frequent among T patients with respect to both O patients and BM patients.
Distribution of patients with OPMLs in the tongue (T patients) or in all the other oral mucosal subsites (O patients) or in Buccal Mucosa (BM patients) with respect to DNA diploid or aneuploid status and to dysplastic or non-dysplastic status.
*Once stratified for presence/absence of dysplasia in the corresponding OPMLs, ORM-H = 4.5 (p = 0.005).
§ Once stratified for presence/absence of dysplasia in the corresponding OPMLs, ORM-H = 5.2 (p = 0.003).
Distribution of "oral distant fields" (ODFs) collected from patients with OPMLs in the tongue (T patients) or in all the other oral mucosal regions (O patients) or in Buccal Mucosa (BM patients) with respect to DNA diploid or aneuploid status.
*Once stratified for presence/absence of dysplasia in the corresponding OPMLs, ORM-H = 14 (p = 0.003).
§Once stratified for presence/absence of dysplasia in the corresponding OPMLs, ORM-H = 13 (p = 0.004).
Figure 1 shows the frequency of DNA aneuploidy among ODFs, non-dysplastic OPMLs and dysplastic OPMLs subdivided in either the tongue or all the other anatomic subsites.
Percentage of DNA aneuploid tissue samples, as determined by high resolution DNA flow cytometry (hr DNA-FCM), found in the tongue and in all the other anatomical oral mucosa subsites for Oral Distant Fields (ODFs), non-dysplastic and dysplastic Oral Potentially Malignant Lesions (nd-OPMLs and d-OPMLs, respectively). OR, odd ratio. The numerical data are shown in Tables 3 and 4. Standard errors for each data point are shown as vertical bars.
We tested the hypothesis that the frequencies of CNAs in OPMLs of T patients and O patients were different. As detailed in Materials and Methods, we used a score related to CNA gains and losses. A subset of 27 patients (8 T patients and 19 O patients, respectively) were analyzed.
Figure 2A shows that the total gain, including both segmental and numerical aberrations (see Materials and Methods), was higher in the tongue OPMLs than in the OPMLs from all the other subsites (p = 0.032 ANOVA F-test; p = 0.085 Mann-Whitney test). A similar result was obtained when only segmental chromosomal aberrations were analyzed (p = 0.072 ANOVA F-test; p = 0.07 Mann-Whitney test; data not shown). Figure 2B shows the total gains (including both segmental and numerical aberrations) for tongue and non-tongue OPMLs after subdividing them according to DNA ploidy. Tongue DNA aneuploid OPMLs were characterized by a higher total gains than non-tongue DNA aneuploid OPMLs (p = 0.002 ANOVA F-test; p = 0.033 Mann-Whitney test). A statistically significant difference was also found when only segmental chromosomal aberrations were considered for the analysis (p = 0.001 ANOVA F-test; p = 0.028 Mann-Whitney test; data not shown). Stratification for histology grade, smoking habit or gender, maintained the observed relationship between the CNAs total gains and anatomical subsite (data not shown).
Total gains of CNAs (see Material and Methods for details) of the tongue Oral Potentially Malignant Lesions (OPMLs) or of OPMLs from all the other anatomical mucosa subsites. The values ranged from 0 (no DNA copy gains) to 41 (one or more gains found in each one of the investigated chromosomal arms). (A) Unstratified data. (B) Data stratified for DNA aneuploidy. The number of samples in each group is shown. Each box represented the median and the first and third quartiles, and the whiskers extended as far as the minimum and maximum values after exclusion of the outliers (values more than 1.5 interquartile ranges below the lower quartile or above the upper quartile). Excluded outliers (with value less than 3 interquartile ranges outside the first and third quartiles) were displayed as circles.
The same analyses were performed considering the total losses or the combined gains plus losses providing no statistically significant differences (data not shown).
Concerning the chromosomal arms showing statistical significant segmental gains (p < 0.05) in the Tongue OPMLs with respect to all the other oral mucosa sites, we found the 7p e 20q (present in 5 out of 8 Tongue samples), 1p, 16p e 16q (present in 4 out of 8 Tongue samples).
Over the last decade, oral cancer prognosis remained quite dismal if compared with the improvement achieved for cancers arising in other anatomical districts. Despite existing recommendations for early detection, this failure was most likely due to the fact that the diagnosis of oral cancer was performed at advanced stages of the disease. Therefore, a prompt recognition of OPMLs with a high potential of cancer development and the early detection of OSCC appear essential to improve patients' outcomes.
This pilot study clearly indicated that tongue OPMLs (mainly leukoplakias) were associated with a high frequency of DNA aneuploidy and CNAs with respect to OPMLs in all the other mucosa subsites. In particular, this finding held also when we compared tongue and buccal mucosa, which was the most frequently affected subsite in the present series.
The preferential development of dysplasia and DNA aneuploidy in the tongue OPMLs may suggest to the clinician to adopt a shorter time interval in the follow-up. An early large study on oral premalignant lesions indicated that, in addition to OPMLs in the floor of the mouth and in the lips, tongue leukoplakias were at a higher risk being more frequently associated with dysplasia and carcinoma . Furthermore, in optimal agreement with our data, a recent pilot study demonstrated, by using image cytometry, that OPMLs originating from the tongue displayed a higher frequency of DNA aneuploidy than OPMLs from all the other anatomical subsites .
Remarkably, we also found that the frequency of DNA aneuploidy in the tongue ODFs with respect to the ODFs from all the other oral subsites was much higher. This may partially result from the fact that on average the distance between the tongue ODFs and the corresponding OPMLs was smaller with respect to the distance between the ODFs and OPMLs in all the other oral subsites.
Our results appear in good agreement with previously published DNA ploidy studies [13, 20–22]. In addition, we added here clear evidence that tongue OPMLs displayed a higher occurrence of gain-related CNAs. This finding was clearly evident with the use of a composite biomarker (total gain of CNAs), which was simply the sum of numbers of gains from every single chromosome. We suggest that this new biomarker may be useful to assess the potential transformation risk associated to OPMLs. It may be also worth to further investigate whether specific chromosomal aberrations associated with tongue OPMLs (for example, the segmental gains in 7p, 20q, 1p, 16p and 16q) may contain gene loci with oncogenic potential.
Altogether, our data indicate that the detection of histological dysplasia, DNA aneuploidy and chromosomal aberrations in the tongue OPMLs might be associated with a higher risk of cancer development. This suggestion, however, though in agreement with previous reports specifically addressing DNA aneuploidy as a biomarker of this risk [15, 23], is not yet proven. On the other hand, it is important to point out that the predictive value of both dysplasia and anatomical subsite remains in dispute [24–28]. Work is in progress to perform a prospective clinical study with an appropriate cohort of patients and a long-lasting follow up to challenge the usefulness of the presently proposed biomarker.
Tongue OPMLs were more frequently associated with DNA aneuploidy and CNAs than OPMLs arising from all the other mucosal subsites. We suggest, therefore, that the follow-up and the management of the patients with tongue OPMLs should receive a distinctive special attention.
Patrizio Castagnola, Davide Malacarne contributed equally to this work.
This study has been supported by Philip Morris International and by "Compagnia di San Paolo - Programma Oncologia".
PC participated in the design of the study, analyzed the data and wrote the manuscript. DM participated in the design of the study, performed the statistical analysis and analyzed the data. MM, AD and ED, performed the flow cytometry analysis and sorting and analyzed the data. PS and SC performed the CGH analysis and analyzed the data. GPT supervised the CGH analysis and analyzed the data. MP and SG were responsible for patients' interview, patients' treatment, sample collection and analyzed the data. WG conceived the study, participated in the design of the study and analyzed the data.


JOHOR BARU (THE STAR/ASIA NEWS NETWORK) - Johor's rich history is being rekindled, thanks to an age-old video clip going viral over social media.
The eight-minute clip, believed to have been made some 80 years ago, was part of a travel documentary series titled Fitzpatrick Traveltalks.
It was shown to American and British audiences by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Studios, a US media company founded in 1924.
Called Singapore And Jahore, the clip begins with footage of the Singapore port before showing the Causeway, which was completed in 1923, and scenes of Johor Baru.
One scene shows Sungai Segget with a small boat along its banks, with the Johor Baru High Court building and Masjid Sultan Abu Bakar visible.
The clip also shows two of Johor's past rulers - Almarhum Sultan Ismail Ibni Almarhum Sultan Ibrahim, the then Tunku Mahkota Johor, who was driving a vintage car before greeting the show's host just outside Istana Besar.
The host is then seen meeting Johor's second ruler Almarhum Sultan Ibrahim Ibni Almarhum Sultan Abu Bakar together with the Johor Military Force.
The clip was uploaded by Persatuan Bangsa Johor on its Facebook page, where it received more than 8,000 views.
Local historian Kamdi Kamil urged people, mainly the younger generation, to view the clip to learn about the state's rich history.
"To have such a major international production company depicting Johor Baru proves that the city was already well-known to foreigners back in the early days," he added.


Description: This is the largest Alopecosa species occurring in Denmark. The clear markings of the carapace and abdomen are characteristic and enable easy identification in the field. The ventral side of the prosoma (coxa, sternum, labium og maxilla) are dark brown to black while the underside of the abdomen is soothy black. Female carapace with wide light median band broadened anteriorly and covering the entire eye region. Two dark spots are present at the rear of the carapace opposite two kidney shaped blotches on the abdomen. Further back on the abdomen, there are two more spots at the first pair of the rather faint chevrons. Male is slimmer than the female and with more contrasted markings. Tibia I is not darker than other leg segment, swollen or furnished with long dark hairs as in males of other Alopecosa species. Size: Female 14-15 mm; male 10-12 mm.
Genus: Alopecosa Simon, 1885. (Fox-spiders). Characters of genus: Alopecosa seconds Pardosa in species richness within the Lycosidae. Medium-sized to large spiders with clear median band on the carapace wider than the eye group. Legs are stout with some males having swollen tibia I. Abdomen with clear cardiac mark. The species can be grouped by the colour of the ventral surface which is black in some species and light-coloured in others. The females dig a burrow where they guard their egg sack.


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Pair admit causing adopted son's 2000 death
Hunterdon couple plead guilty to reckless manslaughter to avoid a retrial
BY RALPH R. ORTEGA, CLAIRE HEININGER AND JOE TYRRELL
A Hunterdon County couple admitted for the first time yesterday that they caused the hypothermia death of their 7-year-old adopted Russian son more than six years ago.
Robert and Brenda Matthey stood before Superior Court Judge Roger Mahon in Flemington and pleaded guilty to one count each of second-degree reckless manslaughter in the death of Viktor Alexander Matthey.
The Mattheys are both serving 10-year prison terms after being convicted in May 2004 of child abuse for mistreating Viktor before his death. The jury was unable to reach a unanimous verdict on the more serious charges of aggravated and reckless manslaughter, and Hunterdon prosecutors had sought a retrial on those counts.
Under a plea deal reached with prosecutors, the Mattheys' original 10-year sentences would be reduced to seven years and the couple would drop their several outstanding appeals. The deal is pending approval by the judge. As a result, they could be out of jail as early as December.
"There's certainly no justice for Viktor," said Phyllis Matthey-Johnson, Robert Matthey's mother who adopted Viktor's 11-year-old twin brothers and now lives with them in Pennsylvania.
Viktor died in October 2000, 10 months after he and the twins were adopted by the Mattheys from an orphanage in Russia. Authorities discovered the boy died after he was locked in a dark and cold basement pump room overnight as a form of punishment in the couple's home.
Viktor's body temperature had dropped to 83.2 degrees by the time he arrived at Hunterdon Medical Center, where he died from cardiac arrest after two days on life support. The Mattheys blamed the boy's hypothermia on a nutritional disorder he had from malnutrition just after his birth in Russia.
Until yesterday, the couple had accepted no responsibility for the death.
In court yesterday, the Mattheys were silent and at times hid their faces from a courtroom photographer.
The tall, bearded Robert Matthey, 43, shrugged his shoulders, answering "yes," when Mahon asked if he understood he was pleading guilty.
He said he failed "to seek medical assistance for Viktor's deteriorating condition," including "moaning in his sleep, appearing zonked out, not standing on his own, and shivering prior to him going into cardiac arrest." The father admitted that he was "criminally reckless."
"I consciously disregarded the substantial risk that Viktor's medical condition could possibly cause death," he said.
Brenda Matthey, 42, read the same statement in a whisper, but dropped the word "deteriorating."
The Mattheys had previously said they struggled with the boys' misbehavior and claimed Viktor and his brothers had difficulties adjusting to their new lives in America.
The boys, as well as the couple's four biological sons, had been living with the Mattheys. Robert Matthey was working as a mechanic, while Brenda Matthey stayed at home to raise the children.
After Viktor's death, the Mattheys were questioned by state investigators about bruises and abrasions discovered on his body. They were arrested a week later and after a jury trial, were convicted in July 2004 on three counts of endangering the welfare of a child.
However, appeals and a hung jury on manslaughter charges kept their case in the courts. After the Mattheys unsuccessfully resisted efforts to retry the case, both sides began discussing a plea deal in August.
Negotiations dragged until this week, when the couple appeared before Mahon, ready to accept a deal.
"This was an extensive plea offer," Assistant Hunterdon County Prosecutor Dawn Solari said.
The agreement eliminated the first-degree aggravated manslaughter charges the couple would have faced had the case gone to trial.
In return, the Mattheys pleaded guilty to second-degree charges of reckless manslaughter, and agreed to drop appeals on their child abuse convictions. Those sentences also would be reduced to seven years instead of the original 10.
Prosecutors said they will recommend the couple be sentenced to four years in state prison on yesterday's plea. Because of New Jersey's No Early Release Act, the Mattheys will be eligible for parole after 85 percent of the sentence is served.
Counting time they have already spent in prison since their May 2004 child abuse convictions, the couple may become eligible for release by the end of this year.
James Gerrow Jr., vice chair of the State Bar Association's criminal practice section, said the deal seems like a good one for the Mattheys and a decent one for prosecutors.
"From a defense perspective, limiting a client's exposure to little more than time already served, you've done a good job," said Gerrow, executive assistant prosecutor in Burlington County.
In a telephone interview from her home in Pennsylvania, Matthey-Johnson said she was relieved the twins and the Mattheys' four biological sons would be spared the strain of a retrial. Three of the biological children are living with relatives, and the fourth is staying with the family's pastor.
James Yevgeniy Johnson, one of the twins, speaking on behalf of himself and his brother, Jeziah Vladimir Johnson, said he did not want Viktor's memory to be lost.
"I just want people to remember my brother, because he was a sweet kid and great brother and I really miss him," James, 11, said after his grandmother handed him the phone. "I can't get it out of my head."

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Cancer is a scary word, yet it does not only cause stress and anxiety among humans and their loved ones but also with their pets. Often characterized by a mass or swelling that can only be accurately diagnosed with medical and lab tests, many dogs have been reported to suffer the same illness.
It was only a few years ago when I learned about cancer existing in the world of dogs. At first, I thought only humans have them, but it turns out that I'm wrong. Dogs, can, in fact, have cancer cells.
Today I wanted to share with you a story I came across while watching dog videos only. It's about a brown and white dog people tried to save after seeing her face with massive swelling.
This is the story of a dog named Olivia.
A white dog with brown spots was spotted sporting a strange swelling on her head. She seems to be alone and homeless, so they reported her to a rescue group and asked for help.
Upon the rescuer's arrival, they gave her food to which she willingly obliged. They did not need to do much as this female dog seems to be accustomed to people, as she willing helped herself with the bits of food thrown her way. One man was able to pet her while she eats and eventually lifted the dog up to take back to the hospital.
She made no attempt to fight, flee or even wiggle her way out.
She was very calm and collected as if she knew they meant no harm. Upon arrival, the doctors were able to examine the huge mass that sits on top of her head. Blood is draining from the said mass. They put her on IV Fluid therapy and continued to assess her head.
They proceeded to shave the area around the swelling mass as preparation for the next step – an ultrasound. During the ultrasound, they found a very good news – her eye was still intact despite the massive mass covering it!
Next, they had to take a sample of the mass to check and diagnose. It was then that they found out the mass was malignant.
Did You Know That Your iPhone Could Help Rescue A Family Of Dogs? Awesome!


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Evander Grubb: Looking back at Bristol Manor Farm's former FA Cup history-maker
Evander Grubb made FA Cup history last September when he became the youngest player to score in the competition at the tender age of...


Some people love to throw around the adage "less is more" without knowing where that saying actually comes from. We saw it first in a Robert Browning poem called Andrew del Sarto (Called The "Faultless Painter"), which tells the story of the Renaissance artist who possessed great technical skill in his craft, but lacked soul. You know… soul. That elusive aspect… that je ne sais qoui… that infusion of heart from the artist who created the work that hits you in the sweet spot and keeps you coming back for more. If you're talking about a painting or interior design, I can understand how "less is more" is a popular critique. But if we're talking about a story filled with the hearts and souls of its characters, more is most definitely more. Ask any fangirl who just finished reading the very last page in one of her favorite author's recent books. She wants MORE. We can practically go crazy waiting for the next installment of that lit goodness from a writer we love, and it's heartbreaking when we've reached the end of a series. Like saying good bye to an old friend that's come along with you on your journey; or more accurately, you've come along with them on theirs. Either way, you've connected with the heart of that story and you want more of it–plain and simple. Don't believe me? I rest my case. However, I think we're on the same side of the gavel here so I know you'll be as excited as I was to check out Barnes & Noble's website for License to Spill, the second installment in the Pretenders series, and to see they've leaked a little more of the story for her readers to devour. Want the first 24 pages and missed the reveal? Here you go. Want more? Thought so. License to Spill drops June 24th. We're in the home stretch! Lisi will be back next week with her usual post. We spoke this morning and she said she misses you guys. We'd love to see more of you here on the blah-g. What would you like to see more of each week?


Made of high quality canvas, good durability.
Fashion and exquisite design, wearing comfortable and chic.
A great accessory for outdoor activities in summer.
Color: As picture shown, 4 colors for option.
Size: Adjustable, One Size fit most adults.
1. Due to the light and screen setting difference, the item''s color may be slightly different from the pictures.


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I-League: All India Football Federation To Do Away With Relegation Due To COVID-19
AIFF technical director Isac Doru drew examples from 23 countrieswhich have 'frozen relegation' to help the teams in difficult times
I-League was held in a secure bio-bubble in Kolkata with Manipur-based club Neroca FC finishing at the bottom of the table. | Representational Image
2021-05-14T20:39:13+05:30 I-League: All India Football Federation To Do Away With Relegation Due To COVID-19
More stories from PTI
Published: 14 May 2021, Updated: 14 May 2021 11:07 pm
Acting on the recommendation of its technical director Isac Doru, the All India Football Federation's league committee on Friday proposed doing away with relegation for last season's I-League considering the extraordinary circumstances arising out of the COVID-19 pandemic. (More Football News)
Citing examples of other footballing nations from across the world, Doru had earlier recommended that no team should be demoted this season.
"The Committee agreed, and recommended to the Executive Committee that no team should be relegated from the Hero I-League, and that Neroca FC be granted permission to compete in the 2021-22 edition of the Hero I-League subject to getting the requisite license as per the decision of the Club Licensing Committee," the AIFF said in a statement.
Manipur-based club Neroca FC had finished at the bottom of the table in the last I-League.
The federation's all-powerful executive committee will be taking a final decision on the matter soon.
Doru drew examples from 23 countries, including the Netherlands (Eredivisie), Argentina (Liga Profesional de Futbol), Mexico (Liga MX), Romania (Liga 1), Japan (J-League and J2-League), on how they have "frozen relegation" and help the teams in difficult times.
"I have been in conversation with all club coaches during the pandemic and everyone mentioned about the challenges faced -- which included short duration for preparation, reduced training hours, difficulties in organising friendly matches, transfer problems among others," Doru said in the meeting.
Leagues CEO Sunando Dhar said that the AIFF had "approached all the participating clubs and all of them have unanimously mentioned to us in writing that under current circumstances relegation should be frozen."
The committee also discussed about hosting the other events -- Indian Women's League, Futsal Club Championship and I-League Qualifiers -- and decided to meet in a month's time to "assess the health parameters" and zero down on feasible dates for all stakeholders.
AIFF's senior vice-president and chairman of the league committee, Subrata Dutta urged everyone to take necessary precautions and stay safe amid the pandemic.
"Football, at the moment, has come to a halt and we only hope that this pandemic will subside soon which will enable us to plan our calendar likewise," Dutta said.
Also present in meeting were AIFF general secretary Kushal Das and Dhar, among others.
Real Madrid Midfielder Toni Kroos In Isolation After Close Contact With Positive COVID-19 Case
Penpa Tsering New President Of Tibetan Govt-In-Exile
PTI	New Delhi	All India Football Federation	Football	I-League Football	I-League, 2nd Division	Indian Super League (ISL)	Sports


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Q: How can I get the notification bar in my full screen android app? I have got an android app that uses a surface view to display a preview of the camera. This is all in full screen. Now, the problem is that when I try to pull down the notification bar from the top, I don't get anything. I can't pull down any notification bar.
What is the problem here? I have seen other apps where this is possible so there must be some kind of setting for that. Can someone please help me?

A: Add this to your manifest :
android:theme="@android:style/Theme.NoTitleBar.Fullscreen"

This can be what you want.
Don't use this.requestWindowFeature(Window.FEATURE_NO_TITLE);

A: Add this line in your manifest it will show notification bar in full screen mode
android:theme="@android:style/Theme.Holo.Light.NoActionBar"

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Rockwell Medical, Inc. is a biopharmaceutical company, which engages in the targeting of end-stage renal disease and chronic kidney disease and manufactures innovative products and services for the treatment of iron deficiency, secondary hyperparathyroidism and hemodialysis. Its dialysis products include Triferic, Calcitriol Vitamin D Injection, Hemodialysis Concentrates, CitraPure, Dri-Sate, and ancillary products. The company was founded by Robert L. Chioini in January 1995 and is headquartered in Wixom, MI.


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LPN Programs in Idaho
Becoming a Licensed Practical Nurse (LPN) can be financially and personally rewarding. On the financial side, LPNs earn a competitive salary, and the job market is growing rapidly.
In terms of personal rewards, LPNs enjoy a sense of satisfaction from helping others and making a difference in their lives.
If you want to become a Licensed Practical Nurse, look at our big list of LPN programs.
What Should I Expect from an LPN Program in Idaho?
You can also expect to receive quality education and training to become a successful LPN. As a student, you can expect to take LPN classes on:
Licensed Practical Nurses (LPNs) receive their training through a combination of classroom instruction and hands-on training through clinical rotations. Clinical rotations allow them to apply the concepts they learned in the classroom to real-world situations.
Becoming an LPN in Idaho takes around 12 months. The length of training can vary depending on different factors.
The cost of accredited LPN training programs can vary depending on the school or program. Tuition for most certification programs will range from $100 to $150 per credit.
LPN Classes in Idaho
With our comprehensive directory of schools, you can find the perfect program for your needs and interests. Contact schools directly for more information.
Educational institution Medical Assistant Training Boise 1818 N Midland Blvd Nampa ID 83651
(208) 996-9248 43.60 -116.59 43.6002858-116.5929136 5.00 4 8AM to 5PM 8AM to 5PM 8AM to 5PM 8AM to 5PM 8AM to 5PM Closed Closed 1,240 JC24+4V Nampa, Idaho
Nursing school Eagle Gate College Boise Campus 9300 W Overland Rd Suite 200 Boise ID 83709
(208) 400-5809 43.59 -116.30 43.5908279-116.2985687 2.60 5 1,241 HPR2+8H Boise, Idaho
Nursing school Stevens-Henager College - Boise School of Healthcare 1444 S Entertainment Ave #303 Boise ID 83709
(208) 901-3938 43.59 -116.28 43.5910896-116.2782056 8AM to 6PM 8AM to 6PM 8AM to 6PM 8AM to 6PM 9AM to 12PM Closed Closed 1,242 HPRC+CP Boise, Idaho
Nursing school Eagle Gate College Idaho Falls Campus 1592 E 17th St Idaho Falls ID 83404
(208) 285-4302 43.48 -112.00 43.4809522-112.0022978 5.00 2 8AM to 5:30PM 8AM to 5:30PM 8AM to 5:30PM 8AM to 5:30PM 8AM to 3PM Closed Closed 1,243 FXJX+93 Idaho Falls, Idaho
Nursing school Brittney Bowen, FNP 1919 Lincoln Way #315 Coeur d'Alene ID 83814
(208) 625-6000 47.69 -116.79 47.6928542-116.792647 5.00 19 7AM to 5PM 7AM to 5PM 7AM to 5PM 7AM to 5PM 7AM to 5PM Closed Closed 1,244 M6V4+4W Coeur d'Alene, Idaho
Nursing school Nightingale College Hub 527 Memorial Dr Pocatello ID 83201
(208) 254-4110 42.87 -112.43 42.8679199-112.4319754 8:30AM to 6PM 8:30AM to 6PM 8:30AM to 6PM 8:30AM to 6PM 8:30AM to 6PM Closed Closed 1,245 VH99+56 Pocatello, Idaho
Idaho's State Requirements
There are several requirements for you to gain licensure in Idaho. You must:
Complete an accredited LPN program
Register with Pearson VUE and
TEAS test results
Pass background checks and drug tests
A temporary permit allows you to work as a practical nurse under the title of Graduate – PN while processing your test. Temporary licenses are valid for up to 90 days.
LPNs moving to Idaho from another state need to obtain an endorsement from the Idaho Board of Nursing unless they are licensed in a Compact Nursing State.
What are the Details of the LPN Exam in Idaho?
The NCLEX State Board Examination in Idaho costs $200. Pearson VUE will review your documents and transcripts to determine if you are eligible after registering. They will contact you to let you know when you can schedule your exam.
What are the Regulating Bodies for LPNs in Idaho?
The State of Idaho Board of Nursing is the regulatory body for LPNs in Idaho. According to its website, the state has 3,268 Licensed Practical Nurses.
LPNs work in a variety of places, including hospitals, clinics, and long-term care facilities.
They may also work in private homes, providing care for patients who need assistance with basic needs such as bathing, dressing, and feeding.
Most practical nurses work at least 40 hours a week. You may work during the day, on weekends, evenings, or on-call.
How Much Do LPNs Get Paid in Idaho?
According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, the median annual wage for Licensed Practical Nurses is $49,440. The average hourly wage is $23.77.


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I would first like to express my sincere gratitude to the Italian Chairmanship for its hospitality and devoted work throughout this year.
Let me start by focusing on the crisis in and around Ukraine. Slovenia shares deep concern regarding the escalation of tensions in the Sea of Azov and the Kerch Strait. We urge all sides to refrain from the use of force and settle any disputes by peaceful means, in full compliance with the international law, OSCE principles and commitments, and fully respecting sovereignty and territorial integrity of Ukraine. We also support continued engagement of the Special Monitoring Mission on the ground.
Building trust and transparency among the participating States has never been more important than today. We actively contributed to these efforts during the Slovenian Chairmanship of the Forum for Security Co-operation this year. Ukraine was regularly on the agenda of this body, which significantly contributes to overall efforts to reduce tensions and promote cooperation.
This was also evident during the special session on the centenary of the end of the First World War, which provided valuable lessons-learned for the current security context. One of these is the need for multilateral mechanisms to prevent misperceptions and misunderstandings. This is why it is necessary to nurture the process of Structured Dialogue, which is exactly what we did by organizing a joint meeting of the Forum for Security Cooperation and the Permanent Council.
Together with the Italian OSCE Chairmanship we also organized a joint meeting on the Mediterranean. The event highlighted the closeness of Slovenia and Italy not only as neighboring countries, but also as participating States that are aware of the special importance of security of the OSCE's southern region. I therefore hope that we will be able to adopt the Declaration on the Mediterranean.
I am also pleased that we continued to advance dialogue on other topical issues, including arms control, small arms and light weapons, as well as mine action. We paid continued attention to South-Eastern Europe, which is an area of special importance both to my country and the OSCE, where almost half of its field presences are located.
Another area where we worked together with our Italian colleagues was the question of gender mainstreaming. I am glad that our advocacy of the role of women in security processes brought about the launching of the webpage of the OSCE MenEngage Network. Let me therefore emphasize the key role that men have in promoting gender equality.
Finally, I would like to underline that we all have a stake in making sure that the OSCE remains as effective as possible. I would therefore like to reiterate Slovenia's full support for the Secretary-General's reform agenda and his efforts to make the OSCE "fit for purpose".
This is, after all, one of the few international security organizations left where dialogue among participating States is not only possible, but also taken for granted. It is therefore up to us to use it to our collective benefit.
In this spirit, let me also wish every success to our Slovak friends, who are taking over the Chairmanship of the OSCE next year. You can count on our support and cooperation.


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Q: Horizontal alignment of widgets in ipython notebook Consider the following example:
%pylab inline

from IPython.html import widgets
from IPython.html.widgets import interact

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

def f(values):
    data = {
        'foo': ([1, 2, 3], [1, 4, 9]),
        'bar': ([1, 2, 3], [9, 4, 1]),
        'baz': ([1, 2, 3], [2, 2, 2])
    }

    for item in values:
        plt.plot(*data[item])

__ = interact(f, values=widgets.SelectMultiple(
    height=1000,  # it is going to be a long list
    description=' ',
    options=['foo', 'bar', 'baz']))

Having this I got a SelectMultiple widget and inline plot below it. As you can see the SelectMultiple list may be very long, so obvious intention is to   place it with plot into HBox. However pyplot is not a Notebook widget.
Are there any ways to solve the problem without tricky workarounds?
Thank you.


Pastor Isaac created time not only to visit our offices but also our projects in Kitengela.
He was happy that Optiven has continued to economically and socially empower and transform the society.
He met with Optiven Group CEO and the two agreed to keep supporting the Diaspora to keep investing back home.


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CB Insights: Counting on the Cloud for Accounting
Posted on June 1, 2017 May 31, 2017 10:04 pm
As smaller firms look for growth across the top and bottom lines – and across B2B relationships — the Cloud can help save time and streamline back office functions. Kenji Kuramoto, CEO and founder of Acuity, tells PYMNTS how SMEs (and even their accounting firms, also SMEs) can thrive in the cloud, moving beyond boxes of receipts to real time insight about daily cash flow and B2B relationships.
The cloud is synonymous with technology, with streamlined storage and multi-media offerings.
For back office functions, too, the cloud holds promise in digitalizing what has been manual, and what is critical to businesses of all sizes, especially smaller ones looking to grow.
Lack of efficiency can have its perils, especially for younger companies: CB Insights has said that, in examining more than 100 startups, "post mortem" 29 percent stated that running out of cash had been a chief reason for failure. To that end, leaner processes are critical, especially when it comes to cash coming in and out the proverbial doors.
Acuity announced late last month the debut of a new cloud service offering, which helps to create what is being billed as a "team of cloud accounting specialists" and which builds off already existing relationships with Apple, Google and Xero.
In an interview with PYMNTS, Kenji Kuramoto, CEO and founder of Acuity, an accounting service for early and growth stage tech firms, stated that roughly 15 percent of smaller accounting firms have embraced the cloud, which speaks to some disconnect in technology.
"It can be hard to pin down" what lies behind this bifurcation, said the executive, who posited that accounting firms, and the people who staff them may "tend to be a bit risk averse" and "rely on traditional mechanisms" when it comes to running a business.
Traditional processes, of course, include paper based files, and communications, and less than optimal efficiencies that come right alongside those conduits.
He noted that SME accounting firms (themselves smaller businesses) may in fact find a prod in moving to the cloud from their clients, who have in their own business build-outs been embracing everything from new servers to Gmail, and in the process have become aware of new ways to do old tasks. The scrutiny of what technologies and in place, and the manual handoff of everything from 1099 forms to sales receipts to employee-related documents may bring these clients to look at the way they do accounting in house, or how they do it through outsourced relationships. They may not in fact want to spend time on the bookkeeping function, or other functions offered through cloud suites including Acuity such as payroll.
Such investment in the cloud, said Kuramoto, comes when the SME is focused "more on just headcount" and has a profile where they have been in business for more than a year. The company is transitioning into a stage where accounting and back office functions become complicated.
Expansion beyond the confines of a local business also brings challenges, especially with sales made in different jurisdictions, or supply chain relationships similarly far flung (governing traditional B2B interactions), and where tax implications can differ. And here, Kuramoto told PYMNTS, is where accountants can add value, and grow along with their clients (and simultaneously scale into the cloud). "This has led to an ecosystem of cloud accounting tools," he noted, with efforts to shorten the time that invoices and payments and record keeping wend their way across parties.
The value proposition is there, and as noted separately last month 93 percent of a Xero "state of accounts" report found that 93 percent of SME accountants surveyed said they could add value to existing client relationships by turning attention away from automated tasks.
"The cloud allows for no limits," said Kuramoto to PYMNTS, in terms of generating reports and sharing them between vendors and customers and across back end functions – saving money, but also, of equal or even greater value, time.
Related Items:accounting, acuity, B2B, B2B Payments, cloud computing, News, SME
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I have a Professional Bachelor in Visual Communication, major in Interactive Design from The Danish School of Media & Journalism.
Between the lectures and exercises in visual communication, we got to go in depth with some projects.
The three years spent at The Danish School of Media & Journalism culminated in this project.
The product in the end was a working prototype of a VR-Comics experience and a presentation reel made as an add for the project.
I had the pleasure of interning at Postyr Postproduktion during the post production of the Danish comedy "Alle for tre/Three Heists and a Hamster". First order of business, I was charged with the production of the intro sequence of the movie.
Within five months I had my hands on several movies and TV-shows, creating graphics, setting up credits, concept art, storyboarding, 3D modelling and endless amounts of rotoscoping.
The creative brief for this project was.. brief; Make a 20 second halloween themed breaker for a childrens/youth channel of your own choosing using Cinema 4D.
During my time at The Danish School of Media- & Journalism, we did a collaboration with the students at Sonic College. The brief was fairly open; paired up, Interaction Designers and Sound Designers, we would blindfolded smell two objects and from the impressions, create visuals and soundscape.
The talented Composer and Sound Designer Ida Skjerk was responsible for creating the audio, and I the visuals.


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Q: Prove that $\lim\limits_{x \to 1} \frac{x+2}{x^2+1} = \frac{3}{2}$ I am required to prove the following limit using the epsilon-delta definition:
$$\lim_{x\to 1}\frac{x+2}{x^2+1}=\frac{3}{2}$$
So, ($\forall\epsilon>0)(\exists\delta>0)[0<\vert x-1\vert<\delta \implies\vert\frac{x+2}{x^2+1}-\frac{3}{2}\vert<\epsilon]$
Below is my working on getting the $\delta$ that I need:
$\vert\frac{x+2}{x^2+1}-\frac{3}{2}\vert\le\vert\frac{x+2}{x^2+1}\vert+\frac{3}{2}=\frac{\vert x+2 \vert}{\vert x^2+1 \vert}+\frac{3}{2}$ (Triangle Inequality)
But I know that $x^2+1\ge1$ for all values of $x$, so I can say that $\frac{\vert x+2 \vert}{\vert x^2+1 \vert}+\frac{3}{2}\le\vert x-1+3\vert+\frac{3}{2}\le \vert x-1\vert +3 + \frac{3}{2}<\delta+\frac{9}{2}$
So for every $\epsilon$, I choose $\delta=\epsilon-\frac{9}{2}$, then:$$0<\vert x-1\vert<\delta \implies\vert\frac{x+2}{x^2+1}-\frac{3}{2}\vert \le \vert\frac{x+2}{x^2+1}\vert+\frac{3}{2}\le\vert x+2\vert+\frac{3}{2}\le\vert x-1+3\vert+\frac{3}{2}\le \vert x-1\vert +3 + \frac{3}{2}<\delta+\frac{9}{2}=\epsilon$$
Am I doing this right? Is there something wrong to assume that $x^2+1\ge1$ for all values of $x$?

A: Hint:)
Notice that you can't never conclude from
$$|f(x)-\ell|\leq|f(x)|+|\ell|<\epsilon~~~~,~~~~~\ell\neq0$$
obtained by triangle inequality, a limit yield.

A: $\large{\vert\frac{x+2}{x^2+1}-\frac{3}{2}\vert=\vert\frac{2x+4-3x^2-3}{2(x^2+1)}\vert=\vert\frac{(x-1)(-3x-1)}{2(x^2+1)}\vert}$ Can you take it further?

A: $|\frac{x+2}{x^2 +1} - \frac{3}{2}| = |\frac{-3x^2 + 2x + 1}{2(x^2+1)}|$
Using your same logic about $x^2 + 1$, we can bound it from above this way:
$|\frac{-3x^2 + 2x + 1}{2(x^2+1)}| \leq |\frac{-3x^2+2x+1}{2}| \leq |-3x^2+2x+1| = |3x^2-2x-1| = |(3x+1)(x-1)|$
We're looking for any $\delta > 0$ that will make this expression less than $\epsilon$. Our main problem here is that we need a way to bound the expression $3x+1$. We can do this by letting $\delta \leq 1$. This is allowed because even if we can find a $\delta > 1$ that works, any $\delta$ less than it will work as well. So, if $\delta \leq 1$ then:
$|x-1| < 1 \implies -1 < x-1 < 1 \implies 0 < x < 2 \implies 1 < 3x+1 < 7$
Now we can bound our limit expression from above. If $\delta \leq 1$ and $|x-1| < \delta$ then:
$|(3x+1)(x-1)| < 7 \delta$
Which is less than epsilon if $\delta =\frac{\epsilon}{7}$
You might think you're done, and $\delta = \frac{\epsilon}{7}$. But remember our solution depended on $\delta \leq 1$. So what if $\epsilon = 100$? For this reason, we need to take the minimum of 1 and $\frac{\epsilon}{7}$. So the final answer is $\delta = \min\{\frac{\epsilon}{7}, 1\}$


Great Lent. St. John (Climacus) of Sinai, author of The Ladder (649). St. Sophronius, bishop of Irkutsk (1771). Prophet Joad (I Kings 13:11 -10th c. BC ) who dwelt in Bethel. Holy Apostles Sosthenes, Apollos, Cephas, Caesar, and Epaphroditus, of the Seventy (1st c.). St. Eubula, mother of St. Panteleimon (304). St. John the Silent of St. Sabbas monastery (558). St. Zosimas, bishop of Syracuse (662). St. John II, patriarch of Jerusalem (5th c.). Hieromartyr Zacharias, bishop of Corinth (1684). St. Osburga of Coventry, virgin (1015) (Celtic & British). St. John the Hermit of Cilicia (4th c.).


Lewis Hamilton took a big stride towards the 2014 World Championship with a vital win in Singapore. However, an electrical issue for team mate and Championship rival Nico Rosberg, saw the German drop out after only 12 laps. Even before the formation lap, Championship leaders Mercedes-Benz spotted the problem and knew a pit lane start was on the cards. To compound Rosberg's woes only the gears worked on his steering wheel and without the use of the MGU-K he couldn't even overtake the Caterham of Marcus Ericsson, before retiring. It was also a disappointing evening for Japanese driver Kamui Kobayashi, as an oil pressure problem saw him pull over before taking his place on the grid. However, it wasn't all plain sailing for Hamilton, with the Red Bull of three time Singapore winner Sebastian Vettel keeping him honest in the first stint. His lead doubled just after the first round of pit stops, where McLaren's Jenson Button and Kevin Magnussen opted for the prime soft tyre over the super soft. Magnussen had big problems other than those on track as his drinks bottle overheated after being placed by a hot electrical item in the car that made drinking impossible. A similar issue also affected the Torro Rosso of Daniil Kvyat. After the race had finished Magnussen was treated for heat injuries incurred during the race. The safety car, for the eighth time in eight races at the Marina Bay circuit, was deployed through contact between Sauber's Adrian Sutil and Force India's Sergio Perez, which left the Mexican's front wing scattered on the circuit. Ferrari's Fernando Alonso took the opportunity to pit for the prime tyre in response to Red Bull pitting both cars six laps earlier. However, Mercedes decided to leave race leader Hamilton out instead of pitting for new tyres. It was a bad day for Sauber as both cars suffered an issue where the battery wasn't charging causing a double DNF for the Swiss team, who are yet to score a point in 2014. When the race resumed on lap 38 Hamilton needed to build a 27 second lead as the Red Bulls and Ferrari of Fernando Alonso were not planning to stop again, whereas Hamilton was yet to fit the prime tyre. The Williams of Valtteri Bottas was following the same strategy as Alonso except he had fitted his tyres on lap 23 and as the race neared the end he began to struggle with his tyres and steering, with Button and Raikkonen on his tail. On lap 51 Hamilton was just a few seconds away from the magic 27 second gap but was struggling, having taken the super soft tyres further than anyone predicted, with great pace and pitted two laps later but lost the lead to Vettel. Crucially Hamilton was able to get ahead of Daniel Ricciardo, who was also carrying an electrical problem. One lap later Hamilton managed to pass Vettel into turn six using the fresher tyres and superior car. Just as the lead changed hands Jenson Button's race ended as the car shut down over the Anderson Bridge. The Brit was headed for a solid sixth place. The Torro Rosso of Jean-Eric Vergne exceeded the track limits at turn 7, warranting a five second penalty. With two laps to go Vergne managed to pass Hulkenberg, Raikkonen and Bottas and set about getting a 5 second gap. Perez also cruised up behind the train and as Bottas' tyres fell completely off the cliff, he managed to pass both his team mate and Raikkonen as they passed Bottas, to take 7th place. The Williams, however, fell out of the points in the final sector of the race. But for Hamilton the win brings a three point lead in the Championship for the first time since the Spanish GP in May but rival Nico Rosberg is well in the picture for this year's Championship. The battle moves on the Suzuka where neither driver has been on the podium let alone winning the race.


In 1968, roughly 20 per cent of all 50-year-old Swedish women were toothless.
Over the ensuing years, however, dental health in Sweden improved dramatically, according to Anette Wennström, a Swedish dentist. By 2004, most middle-aged Swedish women could smile with their own teeth, the beneficiaries of fluoride use and progressive dental health programmes. Just 0.3 per cent of 50-year-old Swedish women in 2004 had no teeth, Wennström found.
Wennström used data from the Population Study of Women in Gothenburg, Sweden, which started tracking dental health among other factors in 1968, to examine these trends. She also looked at the larger issue of how dental health reflects overall quality of life and health for her PhD dissertation at The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg. Her research showed in part that middle-aged women with more education had much better dental health than less well-educated women.
It turns out that the Swedes are nearly alone in Europe in having good solid data on dental health. A 2007 study conducted by Swiss researchers found that many countries in Europe lack sound epidemiological studies on tooth loss.
That matters because of the clear links that have been shown between oral health and other types of diseases, says Kristin Klock, a community odontologist and professor in the Department of Clinical Dentistry at the University of Bergen.
Klock herself looked at tooth loss in Norway for her own dissertation, finding that self-reported tooth loss among Norwegians was on par with other industrialized countries. And much like Sweden, there were socioeconomic differences: Individuals with more education kept their teeth longer than less well-educated individuals, she found.
But that is where the similarity between Sweden and Norway ends, Klock believes.
One important distinction between the two Scandinavian countries concerns funding. In Norway, children receive free dental care up to age 18, but afterwards, the patient must pay his or her own dental costs, with some exceptions. In Sweden, there is a ceiling on how much the patient has to pay out of pocket. Once dental expenses surpass this ceiling, the government covers the rest.
This difference might lead to the presumption that dental health in Norway is worse than in Sweden. But Klock says the differences in payment systems might actually encourage better dental health in Norway.
The problem is, however, that there is little information for researchers to use to draw conclusions on dental health and financing policies, Klock says.
Several studies have shown a link between bacteria in the oral cavity and the risk of atherosclerosis.
A study from Uppsala University published in mid-December 2015 shows that patients with coronary heart disease who do not have teeth have nearly double the risk of death as those who have all their teeth intact. The study was conducted with data from more than 15,000 patients from 39 countries.
Vedin said that they had plenty of data to work with, which makes their findings robust.
Gum disease is one of the commonest causes of tooth loss. Poor dental hygiene is one of the strongest risk factors for gum disease. Inflamed gums can trigger atherosclerosis, the Uppsala researchers believe.
However, the Uppsala study is only an observational study, which means that researchers cannot conclude that gum disease leads directly to heart problems, even if they find a correlation.
ADHD links to a vulnerability for severe dental anxiety Dentists could soon be fixing your teeth with cement Why do we dread the dentist? Light is not a bright idea in teeth bleaching The enamel on your teeth came from prehistoric fish Why do we brush our teeth in cold water? Why don't teeth heal themselves?
Wennström, Anette: Oral health in Swedish women. Impact of social and psychological factors over time, University of Gothenburg. Sahlgrenska Academy, November 2015.


Ever wondered how celebrities are so fashionable? They have help! Professional stylists have a hand in nearly every amazing outfit worn by your favorite stars, from incredible evening gowns for the Oscars to street-chic off-duty looks. We've rounded up some advice from celebrity stylists so you can reap the benefits of their knowledge without hiring your own personal wardrobe consultant.
Timothy Snell, stylist for Queen Latifah, encourages women to take their clothing to a tailor. It's difficult to find clothing that fits perfectly no matter your size and body type, so why not bring your almost-perfect items to a professional who can take them to the next level by altering them for a perfect fit. Not only can they shorten the hems of pants that are a little too long or sleeves that don't quite fit, a tailor can make boxier pieces, like a jacket or dress, fit like a glove. Snell recommends using the same tailor every time your clothing needs a little work. That way they will get to know what you need and your body type, which will help to make the alteration process easier and faster.
Stylist Chiara Solloa has worked with many clients, from musicians to actors, in her 10-year career. Her advice? Try clothes on. It may not look like it will fit or be the best for your body type when it is hanging flat on a hanger. Don't be afraid to head to the dressing room and see what it looks like on you. Solloa often tries clothing on when she's picking styles for clients. Even though her client's body types are not necessarily the same as her own, she finds that seeing the item on an actual person can really help to better establish how the piece wears.
Christina Ehrlich has dressed Tina Fey, Amy Adams, Penelope Cruz and more. She believes that a woman's closet should consist of both high-quality pieces and items with less-longevity. Her advice is to have some black separates (think a pencil skirt, blazer and fancy dress) that are high-quality and will last a long time. Pair those items with lesser quality ones to create a full wardrobe. This way you're not stuck with wearing the same 10 pieces over and over.


Bulgaria and Sweden will stage the UEFA European Women's Under-17 Championship final tournaments of 2019 and 2020 respectively.
Four years on from hosting the U17 EURO on the country's Black Sea coast, Bulgaria will be the venue for the equivalent women's tournament.
Bulgaria have never advanced beyond the qualifying round of a Women's U17 EURO, unlike Sweden, who were beaten in the 2013 final by Poland. The current crop of Blågult players will begin their elite round campaign in late March.
Sweden have twice organised a major UEFA tournament in recent years, namely the 2013 UEFA European Women's Championship and the 2009 European U21 Championship.
The Women's U17 finals were originally played as a four-team tournament at the Stade Colovray opposite UEFA's Swiss headquarters in Nyon, from the competition's inception in 2007/08 to the 2012/13 edition.
Eight sides were involved in the expanded 2013/14 finals in England, who were followed as hosts by Iceland, Belarus and, next May, the Czech Republic. Lithuania will hold the 2018 event.


Canada's official Ambassador of Lookbacks has a couple clips in United's new promo. Jared's mini-section is tucked in with a whole list of the UK brand's top riders and Chilko does Canada proud with some solid moves on some simple spots.
Jared Chilko's clips start at 8:51, for the impatient.


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Feed Me, Obama, Feed Me: The Plan for Food Dependency →
Declassified NZ Defence Force Reports Reveal Chemtrail Linked To Outbreak Of Illnesses
Posted on December 29, 2010	by Clare Swinney
Thank-you to Ben Tomlin for advising us about these reports.
By Clare Swinney
Among a recently-released assortment of declassified reports of sightings of Unidentified Flying Objects (UFOs) from New Zealand, dating from 1952-2009, were letters written in 1999 and 2000 by a concerned citizen, who predicted that an outbreak of illnesses would occur after an "aircraft contrail," otherwise known as a 'chemtrail', was seen over a populated area.
Chemtrails, which are also commonly referred to as aerosols, differ from aircraft vapour trails in that they often linger in the sky for hours and can be seen in grid-like patterns, in parallel lines (see above) or forming 'X's in the sky.
While seeing a chemtrail does not constitute proof that the illnesses were caused by it, it is worth examining the issue, given all the evidence which shows that chemtrails are making people sick, and in light of what is known about their composition.
Evidence collected for over a decade reveals that chemtrails are used for at least seven functions, including weather control and military applications, and are comprised of a wide variety of harmful ingredients. They commonly include aluminium and barium, which are toxic to both humans and to the environment. They may include radioactive thorium, desiccated red blood cells, dangerous pathogens, including Mycoplasma Fermentens Incognitus, plus mold spores, ethylene dibromide, and self-replicating nanotubes that cause Morgellon's disease, which according to researcher Clifford Carnicom's findings, now contaminate virtually everyone.
The declassified reports, which are online under the heading: Original Files: NZ's UFO Sightings, were posted at a major New Zealand news site, Stuff.co.nz on December the 22nd, 2010, and were released to the public by the New Zealand Defence Force under the Official Information Act.
Buried among the total of 2,101 declassified documents, are letters, news clippings, and pages from magazine articles, which reveal that a private individual, whose name has been removed from the correspondence for privacy reasons, repeatedly tried to raise the alarm about the dangers of chemtrails in 1999 and early-2000. It appears that initially the correspondent, who will be referred to as 'Mr Gibson,' wrote to Warren Kyd, the member of the New Zealand parliament for Hunua. In his letter, which was dated May the 25th, 1999, he wrote that the trail he had seen was sprayed in a huge arc over Auckland and while one agency had advised him only a military aircraft could engage in that kind of activity, Air Traffic Control said it had come from a passenger plane en route to Fiji. This is not unlikely, as passenger planes have been seen spraying chemtrails in New Zealand, and elsewhere in the world.
Mr Gibson also referred the MP to an article from the April, 1999 edition of Nexus magazine. This article, by Canadian journalist William Thomas, titled Contrails': Poison From The Sky, (and since renamed Chemtrails': Poison From The Sky on the Nexus website), mentioned that in areas where these trails had been seen lingering, an emergency room had become 'inundated with flu-like cases,' and doctors and nurses were complaining of 'being extremely busy with respiratory diagnoses.' Thomas further wrote: 'In England, after lingering contrails and cobweb-like fallout were reported over London and Birmingham, the BBC reported on January 14, 1999 that more than 8,000 people – mostly elderly-died from pneumonia and other respiratory complications in the last week of December and the first two weeks of January 1999.'
In light of reports like these, Mr Gibson advised in his letter: 'If this plane was releasing something into our atmosphere and it causes like these magazines, [sic] suggests, a vast many people in Auckland will suffer from a Flu like sickness.'
A newspaper article, which is in Book 1 on page 37 in the files, and published ten days after the chemtrail was spotted over Auckland, revealed that a 'sudden surge' in ailments had occurred. 'The hospital emergency department has been very busy in the past few days with patients suffering respiratory-related disorders, including pneumonia and asthmas,' reported the NZ Herald on June the 3rd, 1999. (See below). In addition, a subsequent article in the NZ Herald, dated July the 6th, 1999 and titled: 'Death Rate Soars In Flu 'Plague," noted that about 100 people died at Auckland's Middlemore Hospital in June 'mainly from respiratory illnesses.'
In spite of Mr Gibson's prediction appearing to have been correct and supported by overseas reports, the government brushed his concerns aside. 'Inquiries have been made and Mr Kyd has been assured that there is no cause for you to be alarmed,' Kyd's Executive Secretary, Faith Sarten advised in a letter dated June the 21st, 1999.
Not satisfied with the response, Mr Gibson went to see Mr Kyd and on his advice subsequently wrote to the New Zealand Minister of Defence, the Hon. Mark Burton on February, the 9th, 2000. A reply from Hon. Burton can not be found in the file, merely an acknowledgement of receipt of Mr Gibson's correspondence.
More than a decade later and the New Zealand Government, which has by now received a multitude of letters, e-mails and phone calls from concerned citizens, is still not responding to their concerns regarding what evidence shows is occurring on a far larger scale.
For example, when I e-mailed 112 of the 122 members of Parliament on September the 10th, 2010 for a Chemtrail Mass Action, and asked them to help to stop this poisoning of our atmosphere from continuing, the most considered of a handful of replies received was that from the Executive Assistant to Catherine Delahunty, the toxics spokesperson for the NZ Green Party. It stated: "I can see your great concern about 'chemtrails.' However, the Greens have to prioritise their toxics work to known chemicals (and even then, are limited in what we can focus on)."
Join the Coalition Against Chemtrails/Geoengineering.
Below: The letter 'Mr Gibson' wrote to the MP for Hunua, Mr Warren Kyd, which is in Book 1 of the declassified files, on page 35, followed by the reply at page 36.
Below in 2 parts: An article from Book 1 on page 38, dated July 1999.
Below: In Book 1, at page 39, there is a copy of a letter sent to Paul Holmes, host of the popular 7pm current affairs program, Holmes, which aired on TV1 between 1989 and 2004.
Below: An article from the NZ Herald, on December 6, 1999, that was in Book 1 on page 44 and numbered 10. It appears to be the last entry related to this matter. Related:
What In The World Are They Spraying? By Michael J. Murphy.
Airplanes sprayed mysterious substance over Ukraine days before pneumonic plague outbreak.
Secret reports detailing UFO sightings in NZ released.
This entry was posted in Aluminium, Barium, Government, Health Effects, History, Overseas, Physical symptoms and tagged Auckland, Catherine Delahunty, New Zealand Parliament, NZ Defence Force, William Thomas. Bookmark the permalink.
12 Responses to Declassified NZ Defence Force Reports Reveal Chemtrail Linked To Outbreak Of Illnesses
bill blyth says:
Nice work Clare thank you.
Pingback: Declassified NZ Defence Force Reports Reveal Chemtrail Linked To Outbreak Of Illnesses | www.thetruthhurts.co.uk
Bruce Forney says:
Clare,
In your article, you mention the discovery of many nasty pathogens being identified, including specifically Mycoplasma Fermentens Incognitus. Can you tell me where you found reference to MFI? Carnicom's site? Or was it identified in New Zealand? Please let me know, if you have time. I have Fibromyalgia and I always trying to keep track of who knows what.
I started getting sick here in Tucson AZ in 1998…. the year I began to see the Chemtrails. I'm convinced my illness is caused by MFI, just as Dr. Garth Nicholson suggests in his body of related work. Thanks. Bruce
Mycoplasma Fermentens Incognitus was mentioned in articles posted at Rense.com and in relation to Dr Garth Nicholson's work. Not NZ work. (In regard to NZ, a NZ woman, believed to have Morgellons, had blood tests done recently and advises the samples/results went missing.)
Mycoplasma Fermentens Incognitus is referred to in this article:
What Chronic Disease Have You Been Labeled With?
Pingback: Militant Libertarian » Declassified NZ Defence Force Reports Reveal Chemtrail Linked To Outbreak Of Illnesses
HWD says:
The blindness epidemic also makes you wonder about the impact of plastic lenses now prevalent in contact lenses and glasses. Much harder to get glass lenses these days.
Pingback: Declassified NZ Defence Force Reports Reveal Chemtrail Linked To Outbreak Of Illnesses « AfterAmerica's Blog
Pingback: Scie chimiche e l'esplosione di malattie respiratorie: un rapporto declassificato in Nuova Zelanda ne rivela le connessioni | realtà o fantasia ?!
ailsaking says:
Excellent article Clare…
Thank-you very much Ailsa. In retrospect I wondered if UFOs were deliberately associated with chemtrails, to make this area of information seem more kooky?
Sehender says:
Hello from Germany 🙂
Same stuff here…some pictures from europe:
https://weltgewissen.wordpress.com/himmelsbeobachtungen-2008-2012/


Calgary, Canada – April 21, 2014 – High Arctic Energy Services Inc. (TSX: HWO) ("High Arctic" or the "Corporation") is pleased to announce that its Board of Directors has approved a monthly dividend payment of $0.015 per share to holders of common shares. The dividend is payable on May 14, 2014, to holders of High Arctic common shares of record at the close of business on April 30, 2014. The ex-dividend date is April 28, 2014. The dividend is designated as an "eligible dividend" for Canadian Income Tax purposes.


Awards | Times Publishing Inc.
The Tampa Bay Times is not only Florida's biggest and best newspaper, but for the past three decades the locally owned, independent daily has also been ranked among the Top 10 newspapers in the country. Its outstanding journalism has captured prestigious national awards, including 12 Pulitzer Prizes and numerous top honors from the most respected institutions that recognize excellence in the field of professional journalism.


RUSH: Here's Amy in Fort Eustace, Virginia. Amy, thank you for calling and waiting. Nice to have you on the program.
CALLER: Thank you so much for taking my call, Rush. I'm very excited to be talking to you.
CALLER: Yes, we move all the time. The Army has moved us eight times in the last 14 years. But, you know, I'm not complaining about that, I like it, it's always an adventure.
CALLER: But I was just talking with my mom the other day and none of my family lives anywhere that I ever lived growing up because they have moved around as well, so I really don't have a concept of going home anywhere. I go visit family, but it's not really my home, it's a strange city, you know, and we were trying to think of what constitutes home for me, and of course wherever my husband and my kids are, that certainly helps, but also I had this realization that no matter where I have lived, especially over the past ten years or so, I have had Rush Limbaugh. We have the radio everywhere, and I can just turn it on, and I wanted to thank you for being, I guess my stability and my home, especially for the past ten or 12 years.
RUSH: Wow. I don't know what to say. That is so sweet. That's so nice. Sweet's a metrosexual word.
CALLER: Well, you're much more attractive than the new Brawny man.
RUSH: Well, thank you. Thank you. I agree with that. Wow, I'm not often speechless and I'm not speechless now because I'm talking, but that's one of the nicest things anybody's ever said to me.
CALLER: Well, thank you. I've been trying to get a hold of you.
RUSH: So you left your home to make the call, even?
CALLER: I was driving, and I wasn't sure I was going to get through and I thought while I was driving I would try, and of course I got through, so I pulled over and I'm sitting here. It's at least 180 degrees out here, and I'm not going to be able to get my grocery shopping done because now I have to go pick up my kids, but we'll just go out to dinner tonight and celebrate that I got to talk to you, and it's a good day.
RUSH: Well, that is so nice. I wish my mother were alive to hear you say that. I really do — my mother — this would make her so proud. It would wash away whatever bad memories she might have of me for at least a couple days.
RUSH: No, no. I'm kidding. This would be something she'd be telling all of her friends about.
RUSH: She was always so excited when anybody loved her little boy.
CALLER: Well, we absolutely do here, and we talk about you and your show, and my husband has received one of the 24/7 for the military, one of the subscriptions.
CALLER: Yes. And so when he is traveling around, he logs in and when he's not able to listen to you during the day, he logs in and can get updated. So we just enjoy you and enjoy your show, and I wanted to tell you that you are like home for me. So thank you.
RUSH: Well, I appreciate that more than you know. I tell you what I'm going to do. I want you to hang on here. Mr. Snerdley will come get an address for you. I want to send you a bunch of Nobel Peace Prize commemorative coffee mugs.
RUSH: Yes. I might throw a couple other things in there, too. This is one of the highlights of the week here is your phone call. I thank you again so much.
RUSH: And, by the way, Amy is in the top ten of my favorite female names. Just so you know.
CALLER: Well, thank you. I was named after my grandmother, a very good woman. Thank you.
RUSH: Obviously she was and so are you.
RUSH: Does your husband know how to do fix-up things around the house?
RUSH: No, that's an endearing, loving comment. That's nothing he's going to get mad at.
CALLER: (Laughing.) He's actually pretty handy. I get nervous if he ever has super glue or weed killer in his hands because he tends to go over overboard there, but other than that he's pretty handy to have around.
RUSH: All right, terrific. You hang on here, don't hang up. I just remembered something. I have to tell this short little story. I was married, living in Kansas City, bought a little house, had no business buying it, but did. I had a next-door neighbor who just was constantly repairing, fixing, taking the oil out of the car, putting it back in, just to do it, always on the roof, had a couple six-packs up there with his buddies. My then-wife was saying, 'Why don't you do things like that?' 'I don't want to. I'll hire someone to get it done.' It was a judgmental thing. I've never been interested in that fix-up stuff. Which is why I have staff. But anyway, all of that that we've been discussing reminds me.


The moment everyone has been waiting for is finally here! Registration for ACHA 2018 is now open! Our Program Planning Committee, Continuing Education Committee, Board of Directors, and National Office can't wait to welcome you to Washington, DC for five days of networking, collaboration, and continuing education.
Every year, the ACHA Annual Meeting brings you new and innovative ways to connect with colleagues. This year, we've changed the format of the Preliminary Program to bring you an online version that's much more dynamic and interactive. Start with the Meeting Schedule at a Glance for an overview of each day.
You'll see that, as always, Tuesday is all about Pre-Conference Workshops. These are three-hour intensive sessions that are intended to help participants enhance specific skill sets or train to acquire specific competencies appropriate to practice in their discipline. This year we are bringing you 14 sessions sure to pique any interest.
Wednesday kicks off the core of the conference with the Opening General Session and Keynote Address. You can read more about our keynote speaker Anne Schuchat, MD (RADM, UPHS) from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, our Dorosin Memorial Lecturer Andres De Los Reyes, PhD from the University of Maryland, and Closing Presidential Session Speaker Jake Olson on our Featured Events page. There's also information about the ACHA Leaders' Appreciation Lunch, Newcomer's Orientation, and Assembly of Representatives. Additionally on Wednesday, we are pleased to bring you our Opening Reception: Celebrating Diversity – an always popular event great for networking and simply having some fun with your college health and wellness colleagues.
This year we are changing the format of the Awards and Fellows Celebration Dinner. Now entitled ACHA Celebrates! the evening will include the Awards and Fellows Presentation, a dessert reception, and a performance by the nationally known political satire group The Capitol Steps. This is no longer a ticketed event and will be open to all ACHA 2018 meeting attendees with their badges.
Stay tuned to this blog and the ACHA Annual Meeting website for more meeting details as the date approaches. New things coming soon include the general session listing, CE information, wellness activities, and more! We hope you'll join us at ACHA 2018 this spring!
I am Dr Alaka Chandak Director for Symbiosis Centre of Health Care & Associate Professor Of Symbiosis Institute Of Healgh Sciences , Symbiosis international (Deemed University) India , would like to attend ACHA meeting 2018.
I would be there attending Pre conference symposium and all relevant sessions from 29th May to 2 nd June 18.
Can you please communicate the registration fees as I am an individual member of ACHC.
What is the Accomodation Facilty? Is there any discount on registration as well as Accomodation as I am coming from India.
Thank you for your comment. More information about Registration and Fees and our host hotel with room rates is available on our website here: http://acha.org/AnnualMeeting18/Default.aspx. If you have any other specific questions, please contact kcrocker@acha.org.


Obviously, at this stage of the competition there are still a lot of matters to be decided in the preliminary rounds. However, there are already some clear-cut matches and there are a few possible tasty encounters on the horizon.
FC United of Manchester face the possibility of playing Maine Road should the latter see off 1874 Northwich and Prescott Cables.
Possibly my favourite possibility is Dudley Town (should they get past Bolehall Swifts and Market Drayton Town) v Stourbridge. My home town versus my team.
The standout game could well be Merthyr Town (if they beat Taunton Town first) against newly promoted Cirencester Town. These two battled it out at the top of the Calor Division 1 South & West last season and I am sure they would like to face each other again.
My former local team, Burgess Hill Town, have an opportunity to pit their wits against Chesham United should they get past Aveley in the preliminary round.
Newly promoted Northern League Premier side Ramsbottom United get an early chance to pit their wits against Whitby Town of the same division.
In the Vase, possibly the biggest name is Vauxhall Motors. They take on Rochdale Town in the first qualifying round. Should they get through that a trip to North Lincolnshire's Bottesford Town awaits.
My personal favourite possible tie is the wonderfully names West Allotment Celtic who, should they beat Eccleshill United, would get to take on former league club Nelson.
Hillingdon Borough get the honour of playing at Wembley (although not at the stadium) when they take on Wembley FC who's claim to fame is that the national team used their ground for training during the 1966 World Cup.


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Fællesskabet af Uafhængige Stater eller SNG''' (på russisk: Содружество Независимых Государств (СНГ) – Sodruzhestvo Nezavisimykh Gosudarstv) er et mellemstatsligt samarbejde imellem tidligere sovjetrepublikker primært for at sikre en fredelig afvikling af Sovjetunionens opløsning.

Oprindeligt var der 12 medlemslande. Ved Sovjetunionens opløsning i 1991 blev Fællesskabet af Uafhængige Stater dannet, og dens 12 medlemslande var: Armenien, Aserbajdsjan, Georgien, Hviderusland, Kasakhstan, Kirgisistan, Moldova, Rusland, Tadsjikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine og Usbekistan. De sidste tre sovjetrepublikker var de baltiske lande, der søgte mod vest i stedet for SNG. I 2004 blev de medlemmer af både EU og NATO.

I 2009 trak Georgien sig ud af SNG på grund af Ruslands støtte til udbryderrepublikkerne Abkhasien og Sydossetien.

I 2014 trak Ukraine sig ud af SNG på grund af Ruslands annektering af Krim og senere støtte til udbryderrepublikkerne Donetsk og Lugansk (Nyrusland).

 Samarbejde

Samarbejdet i SNG er mellemstatsligt, og foregår mellem uafhængige og suveræne stater. Sigtet med samarbejdet var primært at sikre en fredelig opløsning af Sovjetunionen. Forsøg på at udvikle SNG-samarbejdet på det økonomiske og sikkerhedspolitiske område har endnu ikke givet nævneværdige resultater.

SNG har fra starten været en gruppe af stater på forskellige udviklingsniveauer. Dynamikken kommer fra mindre grupperinger af lande inden for denne kreds, medens SNG først og fremmest er en ramme for bilaterale kontakter mellem de 11 statschefer.

På russisk initiativ og med EU's indre marked som forbillede oprettedes i september 2003 et "fælles økonomisk rum", som foruden Rusland omfatter Ukraine, Kasakhstan og Hviderusland. Disse fire lande tegner sig sammen for 90 % af SNG-landenes bruttonationalprodukt, og samarbejdet har udsigt til at blive mere effektivt end det i 1995 etablerede euro-asiatiske økonomiske fællesskab'' mellem Rusland, Hviderusland og de tre centralasiatiske republikker Kasakhstan, Kirgisistan og Tadsjikistan.

På det sikkerhedspolitiske område blev samarbejdet mellem Rusland, Hviderusland, Armenien, Kasakhstan, Kirgisistan og Tadsjikistan formaliseret i april 2003 ved oprettelsen af Den Kollektive Sikkerhedsaftales Organisation.

GUAM
Georgien, Ukraine, Usbekistan, Azerbajdsjan og Moldova indledte i 1997 et primært økonomisk samarbejde kaldet GUUAM. De reelle muligheder for at udvikle GUUAM-samarbejdet har dog været begrænsede. Efter kritikken fra Vesten til Islam Karimov for at have slået oprøret i Andisjan ned og Ruslands støtte har Usbekistan forladt GUUAM, derefter kaldes det GUAM.

Se også
Østpartnerskab

Eksterne henvisninger

Sovjetunionen
Etableret i 1991

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia