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Project acronym 15CBOOKTRADE
Project The 15th-century Book Trade: An Evidence-based Assessment and Visualization of the Distribution, Sale, and Reception of Books in the Renaissance
Researcher (PI) Cristina Dondi
Call Details Consolidator Grant (CoG), SH6, ERC-2013-CoG
Summary The idea that underpins this project is to use the material evidence from thousands of surviving 15th-c. books, as well as unique documentary evidence — the unpublished ledger of a Venetian bookseller in the 1480s which records the sale of 25,000 printed books with their prices — to address four fundamental questions relating to the introduction of printing in the West which have so far eluded scholarship, partly because of lack of evidence, partly because of the lack of effective tools to deal with existing evidence. The book trade differs from other trades operating in the medieval and early modern periods in that the goods traded survive in considerable numbers. Not only do they survive, but many of them bear stratified evidence of their history in the form of marks of ownership, prices, manuscript annotations, binding and decoration styles. A British Academy pilot project conceived by the PI produced a now internationally-used database which gathers together this kind of evidence for thousands of surviving 15th-c. printed books. For the first time, this makes it possible to track the circulation of books, their trade routes and later collecting, across Europe and the USA, and throughout the centuries. The objectives of this project are to examine (1) the distribution and trade-routes, national and international, of 15th-c. printed books, along with the identity of the buyers and users (private, institutional, religious, lay, female, male, and by profession) and their reading practices; (2) the books' contemporary market value; (3) the transmission and dissemination of the texts they contain, their survival and their loss (rebalancing potentially skewed scholarship); and (4) the circulation and re-use of the illustrations they contain. Finally, the project will experiment with the application of scientific visualization techniques to represent, geographically and chronologically, the movement of 15th-c. printed books and of the texts they contain.
The idea that underpins this project is to use the material evidence from thousands of surviving 15th-c. books, as well as unique documentary evidence — the unpublished ledger of a Venetian bookseller in the 1480s which records the sale of 25,000 printed books with their prices — to address four fundamental questions relating to the introduction of printing in the West which have so far eluded scholarship, partly because of lack of evidence, partly because of the lack of effective tools to deal with existing evidence. The book trade differs from other trades operating in the medieval and early modern periods in that the goods traded survive in considerable numbers. Not only do they survive, but many of them bear stratified evidence of their history in the form of marks of ownership, prices, manuscript annotations, binding and decoration styles. A British Academy pilot project conceived by the PI produced a now internationally-used database which gathers together this kind of evidence for thousands of surviving 15th-c. printed books. For the first time, this makes it possible to track the circulation of books, their trade routes and later collecting, across Europe and the USA, and throughout the centuries. The objectives of this project are to examine (1) the distribution and trade-routes, national and international, of 15th-c. printed books, along with the identity of the buyers and users (private, institutional, religious, lay, female, male, and by profession) and their reading practices; (2) the books' contemporary market value; (3) the transmission and dissemination of the texts they contain, their survival and their loss (rebalancing potentially skewed scholarship); and (4) the circulation and re-use of the illustrations they contain. Finally, the project will experiment with the application of scientific visualization techniques to represent, geographically and chronologically, the movement of 15th-c. printed books and of the texts they contain.
Project acronym 3D-REPAIR
Project Spatial organization of DNA repair within the nucleus
Researcher (PI) Evanthia Soutoglou
Host Institution (HI) THE UNIVERSITY OF SUSSEX
Call Details Consolidator Grant (CoG), LS2, ERC-2015-CoG
Summary Faithful repair of double stranded DNA breaks (DSBs) is essential, as they are at the origin of genome instability, chromosomal translocations and cancer. Cells repair DSBs through different pathways, which can be faithful or mutagenic, and the balance between them at a given locus must be tightly regulated to preserve genome integrity. Although, much is known about DSB repair factors, how the choice between pathways is controlled within the nuclear environment is not understood. We have shown that nuclear architecture and non-random genome organization determine the frequency of chromosomal translocations and that pathway choice is dictated by the spatial organization of DNA in the nucleus. Nevertheless, what determines which pathway is activated in response to DSBs at specific genomic locations is not understood. Furthermore, the impact of 3D-genome folding on the kinetics and efficiency of DSB repair is completely unknown. Here we aim to understand how nuclear compartmentalization, chromatin structure and genome organization impact on the efficiency of detection, signaling and repair of DSBs. We will unravel what determines the DNA repair specificity within distinct nuclear compartments using protein tethering, promiscuous biotinylation and quantitative proteomics. We will determine how DNA repair is orchestrated at different heterochromatin structures using a CRISPR/Cas9-based system that allows, for the first time robust induction of DSBs at specific heterochromatin compartments. Finally, we will investigate the role of 3D-genome folding in the kinetics of DNA repair and pathway choice using single nucleotide resolution DSB-mapping coupled to 3D-topological maps. This proposal has significant implications for understanding the mechanisms controlling DNA repair within the nuclear environment and will reveal the regions of the genome that are susceptible to genomic instability and help us understand why certain mutations and translocations are recurrent in cancer
Faithful repair of double stranded DNA breaks (DSBs) is essential, as they are at the origin of genome instability, chromosomal translocations and cancer. Cells repair DSBs through different pathways, which can be faithful or mutagenic, and the balance between them at a given locus must be tightly regulated to preserve genome integrity. Although, much is known about DSB repair factors, how the choice between pathways is controlled within the nuclear environment is not understood. We have shown that nuclear architecture and non-random genome organization determine the frequency of chromosomal translocations and that pathway choice is dictated by the spatial organization of DNA in the nucleus. Nevertheless, what determines which pathway is activated in response to DSBs at specific genomic locations is not understood. Furthermore, the impact of 3D-genome folding on the kinetics and efficiency of DSB repair is completely unknown. Here we aim to understand how nuclear compartmentalization, chromatin structure and genome organization impact on the efficiency of detection, signaling and repair of DSBs. We will unravel what determines the DNA repair specificity within distinct nuclear compartments using protein tethering, promiscuous biotinylation and quantitative proteomics. We will determine how DNA repair is orchestrated at different heterochromatin structures using a CRISPR/Cas9-based system that allows, for the first time robust induction of DSBs at specific heterochromatin compartments. Finally, we will investigate the role of 3D-genome folding in the kinetics of DNA repair and pathway choice using single nucleotide resolution DSB-mapping coupled to 3D-topological maps. This proposal has significant implications for understanding the mechanisms controlling DNA repair within the nuclear environment and will reveal the regions of the genome that are susceptible to genomic instability and help us understand why certain mutations and translocations are recurrent in cancer
Project acronym AAREA
Project The Archaeology of Agricultural Resilience in Eastern Africa
Researcher (PI) Daryl Stump
Host Institution (HI) UNIVERSITY OF YORK
Call Details Starting Grant (StG), SH6, ERC-2013-StG
Summary "The twin concepts of sustainability and conservation that are so pivotal within current debates regarding economic development and biodiversity protection both contain an inherent temporal dimension, since both refer to the need to balance short-term gains with long-term resource maintenance. Proponents of resilience theory and of development based on 'indigenous knowledge' have thus argued for the necessity of including archaeological, historical and palaeoenvironmental components within development project design. Indeed, some have argued that archaeology should lead these interdisciplinary projects on the grounds that it provides the necessary time depth and bridges the social and natural sciences. The project proposed here accepts this logic and endorses this renewed contemporary relevance of archaeological research. However, it also needs to be admitted that moving beyond critiques of the misuse of historical data presents significant hurdles. When presenting results outside the discipline, for example, archaeological projects tend to downplay the poor archaeological visibility of certain agricultural practices, and computer models designed to test sustainability struggle to adequately account for local cultural preferences. This field will therefore not progress unless there is a frank appraisal of archaeology's strengths and weaknesses. This project will provide this assessment by employing a range of established and groundbreaking archaeological and modelling techniques to examine the development of two east Africa agricultural systems: one at the abandoned site of Engaruka in Tanzania, commonly seen as an example of resource mismanagement and ecological collapse; and another at the current agricultural landscape in Konso, Ethiopia, described by the UN FAO as one of a select few African "lessons from the past". The project thus aims to assess the sustainability of these systems, but will also assess the role archaeology can play in such debates worldwide."
"The twin concepts of sustainability and conservation that are so pivotal within current debates regarding economic development and biodiversity protection both contain an inherent temporal dimension, since both refer to the need to balance short-term gains with long-term resource maintenance. Proponents of resilience theory and of development based on 'indigenous knowledge' have thus argued for the necessity of including archaeological, historical and palaeoenvironmental components within development project design. Indeed, some have argued that archaeology should lead these interdisciplinary projects on the grounds that it provides the necessary time depth and bridges the social and natural sciences. The project proposed here accepts this logic and endorses this renewed contemporary relevance of archaeological research. However, it also needs to be admitted that moving beyond critiques of the misuse of historical data presents significant hurdles. When presenting results outside the discipline, for example, archaeological projects tend to downplay the poor archaeological visibility of certain agricultural practices, and computer models designed to test sustainability struggle to adequately account for local cultural preferences. This field will therefore not progress unless there is a frank appraisal of archaeology's strengths and weaknesses. This project will provide this assessment by employing a range of established and groundbreaking archaeological and modelling techniques to examine the development of two east Africa agricultural systems: one at the abandoned site of Engaruka in Tanzania, commonly seen as an example of resource mismanagement and ecological collapse; and another at the current agricultural landscape in Konso, Ethiopia, described by the UN FAO as one of a select few African "lessons from the past". The project thus aims to assess the sustainability of these systems, but will also assess the role archaeology can play in such debates worldwide."
Project acronym ADAPT
Project Life in a cold climate: the adaptation of cereals to new environments and the establishment of agriculture in Europe
Researcher (PI) Terence Austen Brown
Host Institution (HI) THE UNIVERSITY OF MANCHESTER
Call Details Advanced Grant (AdG), SH6, ERC-2013-ADG
Summary "This project explores the concept of agricultural spread as analogous to enforced climate change and asks how cereals adapted to new environments when agriculture was introduced into Europe. Archaeologists have long recognized that the ecological pressures placed on crops would have had an impact on the spread and subsequent development of agriculture, but previously there has been no means of directly assessing the scale and nature of this impact. Recent work that I have directed has shown how such a study could be carried out, and the purpose of this project is to exploit these breakthroughs with the goal of assessing the influence of environmental adaptation on the spread of agriculture, its adoption as the primary subsistence strategy, and the subsequent establishment of farming in different parts of Europe. This will correct the current imbalance between our understanding of the human and environmental dimensions to the domestication of Europe. I will use methods from population genomics to identify loci within the barley and wheat genomes that have undergone selection since the beginning of cereal cultivation in Europe. I will then use ecological modelling to identify those loci whose patterns of selection are associated with ecogeographical variables and hence represent adaptations to local environmental conditions. I will assign dates to the periods when adaptations occurred by sequencing ancient DNA from archaeobotanical assemblages and by computer methods that enable the temporal order of adaptations to be deduced. I will then synthesise the information on environmental adaptations with dating evidence for the spread of agriculture in Europe, which reveals pauses that might be linked to environmental adaptation, with demographic data that indicate regions where Neolithic populations declined, possibly due to inadequate crop productivity, and with an archaeobotanical database showing changes in the prevalence of individual cereals in different regions."
"This project explores the concept of agricultural spread as analogous to enforced climate change and asks how cereals adapted to new environments when agriculture was introduced into Europe. Archaeologists have long recognized that the ecological pressures placed on crops would have had an impact on the spread and subsequent development of agriculture, but previously there has been no means of directly assessing the scale and nature of this impact. Recent work that I have directed has shown how such a study could be carried out, and the purpose of this project is to exploit these breakthroughs with the goal of assessing the influence of environmental adaptation on the spread of agriculture, its adoption as the primary subsistence strategy, and the subsequent establishment of farming in different parts of Europe. This will correct the current imbalance between our understanding of the human and environmental dimensions to the domestication of Europe. I will use methods from population genomics to identify loci within the barley and wheat genomes that have undergone selection since the beginning of cereal cultivation in Europe. I will then use ecological modelling to identify those loci whose patterns of selection are associated with ecogeographical variables and hence represent adaptations to local environmental conditions. I will assign dates to the periods when adaptations occurred by sequencing ancient DNA from archaeobotanical assemblages and by computer methods that enable the temporal order of adaptations to be deduced. I will then synthesise the information on environmental adaptations with dating evidence for the spread of agriculture in Europe, which reveals pauses that might be linked to environmental adaptation, with demographic data that indicate regions where Neolithic populations declined, possibly due to inadequate crop productivity, and with an archaeobotanical database showing changes in the prevalence of individual cereals in different regions."
Project Adaptation, Dispersals and Phenotype: understanding the roles of climate, natural selection and energetics in shaping global hunter-gatherer adaptability
Researcher (PI) Jay Stock
Summary Relative to other species, humans are characterised by considerable biological diversity despite genetic homogeneity. This diversity is reflected in skeletal variation, but we lack sufficient understanding of the underlying mechanisms to adequately interpret the archaeological record. The proposed research will address problems in our current understanding of the origins of human variation in the past by: 1) documenting and interpreting the pattern of global hunter-gatherer variation relative to genetic phylogenies and climatic variation; 2) testing the relationship between environmental and skeletal variation among genetically related hunter-gatherers from different environments; 3) examining the adaptability of living humans to different environments, through the study of energetic expenditure and life history trade-offs associated with locomotion; and 4) investigating the relationship between muscle and skeletal variation associated with locomotion in diverse environments. This will be achieved by linking: a) detailed study of the global pattern of hunter-gatherer variation in the Late Pleistocene and Holocene with; b) ground-breaking experimental research which tests the relationship between energetic stress, muscle function, and bone variation in living humans. The first component tests the correspondence between skeletal variation and both genetic and climatic history, to infer mechanisms driving variation. The second component integrates this skeletal variation with experimental studies of living humans to, for the first time, directly test adaptive implications of skeletal variation observed in the past. ADaPt will provide the first links between prehistoric hunter-gatherer variation and the evolutionary parameters of life history and energetics that may have shaped our success as a species. It will lead to breakthroughs necessary to interpret variation in the archaeological record, relative to human dispersals and adaptation in the past.
Relative to other species, humans are characterised by considerable biological diversity despite genetic homogeneity. This diversity is reflected in skeletal variation, but we lack sufficient understanding of the underlying mechanisms to adequately interpret the archaeological record. The proposed research will address problems in our current understanding of the origins of human variation in the past by: 1) documenting and interpreting the pattern of global hunter-gatherer variation relative to genetic phylogenies and climatic variation; 2) testing the relationship between environmental and skeletal variation among genetically related hunter-gatherers from different environments; 3) examining the adaptability of living humans to different environments, through the study of energetic expenditure and life history trade-offs associated with locomotion; and 4) investigating the relationship between muscle and skeletal variation associated with locomotion in diverse environments. This will be achieved by linking: a) detailed study of the global pattern of hunter-gatherer variation in the Late Pleistocene and Holocene with; b) ground-breaking experimental research which tests the relationship between energetic stress, muscle function, and bone variation in living humans. The first component tests the correspondence between skeletal variation and both genetic and climatic history, to infer mechanisms driving variation. The second component integrates this skeletal variation with experimental studies of living humans to, for the first time, directly test adaptive implications of skeletal variation observed in the past. ADaPt will provide the first links between prehistoric hunter-gatherer variation and the evolutionary parameters of life history and energetics that may have shaped our success as a species. It will lead to breakthroughs necessary to interpret variation in the archaeological record, relative to human dispersals and adaptation in the past.
Project acronym BCOOL
Project Barocaloric materials for energy-efficient solid-state cooling
Researcher (PI) Javier Eduardo Moya Raposo
Summary Cooling is essential for food and drinks, medicine, electronics and thermal comfort. Thermal changes due to pressure-driven phase transitions in fluids have long been used in vapour compression systems to achieve continuous refrigeration and air conditioning, but their energy efficiency is relatively low, and the working fluids that are employed harm the environment when released to the atmosphere. More recently, the discovery of large thermal changes due to pressure-driven phase transitions in magnetic solids has led to suggestions for environmentally friendly solid-state cooling applications. However, for this new cooling technology to succeed, it is still necessary to find suitable barocaloric (BC) materials that satisfy the demanding requirements set by applications, namely very large thermal changes in inexpensive materials that occur near room temperature in response to small applied pressures. I aim to develop new BC materials by exploiting phase transitions in non-magnetic solids whose structural and thermal properties are strongly coupled, namely ferroelectric salts, molecular crystals and hybrid materials. These materials are normally made from cheap abundant elements, and display very large latent heats and volume changes at structural phase transitions, which make them ideal candidates to exhibit extremely large BC effects that outperform those observed in state-of-the-art BC magnetic materials, and that match applications. My unique approach combines: i) materials science to identify materials with outstanding BC performance, ii) advanced experimental techniques to explore and exploit these novel materials, iii) materials engineering to create new composite materials with enhanced BC properties, and iv) fabrication of BC devices, using insight gained from modelling of materials and device parameters. If successful, my ambitious strategy will culminate in revolutionary solid-state cooling devices that are environmentally friendly and energy efficient.
Cooling is essential for food and drinks, medicine, electronics and thermal comfort. Thermal changes due to pressure-driven phase transitions in fluids have long been used in vapour compression systems to achieve continuous refrigeration and air conditioning, but their energy efficiency is relatively low, and the working fluids that are employed harm the environment when released to the atmosphere. More recently, the discovery of large thermal changes due to pressure-driven phase transitions in magnetic solids has led to suggestions for environmentally friendly solid-state cooling applications. However, for this new cooling technology to succeed, it is still necessary to find suitable barocaloric (BC) materials that satisfy the demanding requirements set by applications, namely very large thermal changes in inexpensive materials that occur near room temperature in response to small applied pressures. I aim to develop new BC materials by exploiting phase transitions in non-magnetic solids whose structural and thermal properties are strongly coupled, namely ferroelectric salts, molecular crystals and hybrid materials. These materials are normally made from cheap abundant elements, and display very large latent heats and volume changes at structural phase transitions, which make them ideal candidates to exhibit extremely large BC effects that outperform those observed in state-of-the-art BC magnetic materials, and that match applications. My unique approach combines: i) materials science to identify materials with outstanding BC performance, ii) advanced experimental techniques to explore and exploit these novel materials, iii) materials engineering to create new composite materials with enhanced BC properties, and iv) fabrication of BC devices, using insight gained from modelling of materials and device parameters. If successful, my ambitious strategy will culminate in revolutionary solid-state cooling devices that are environmentally friendly and energy efficient.
Project acronym BEEHIVE
Project Bridging the Evolution and Epidemiology of HIV in Europe
Researcher (PI) Christopher Fraser
Call Details Advanced Grant (AdG), LS2, ERC-2013-ADG
Summary The aim of the BEEHIVE project is to generate novel insight into HIV biology, evolution and epidemiology, leveraging next-generation high-throughput sequencing and bioinformatics to produce and analyse whole-genomes of viruses from approximately 3,000 European HIV-1 infected patients. These patients have known dates of infection spread over the last 25 years, good clinical follow up, and a wide range of clinical prognostic indicators and outcomes. The primary objective is to discover the viral genetic determinants of severity of infection and set-point viral load. This primary objective is high-risk & blue-skies: there is ample indirect evidence of polymorphisms that alter virulence, but they have never been identified, and it is not known how easy they are to discover. However, the project is also high-reward: it could lead to a substantial shift in the understanding of HIV disease. Technologically, the BEEHIVE project will deliver new approaches for undertaking whole genome association studies on RNA viruses, including delivering an innovative high-throughput bioinformatics pipeline for handling genetically diverse viral quasi-species data (with viral diversity both within and between infected patients). The project also includes secondary and tertiary objectives that address critical open questions in HIV epidemiology and evolution. The secondary objective is to use viral genetic sequences allied to mathematical epidemic models to better understand the resurgent European epidemic amongst high-risk groups, especially men who have sex with men. The aim will not just be to establish who is at risk of infection, which is known from conventional epidemiological approaches, but also to characterise the risk factors for onwards transmission of the virus. Tertiary objectives involve understanding the relationship between the genetic diversity within viral samples, indicative of on-going evolution or dual infections, to clinical outcomes.
The aim of the BEEHIVE project is to generate novel insight into HIV biology, evolution and epidemiology, leveraging next-generation high-throughput sequencing and bioinformatics to produce and analyse whole-genomes of viruses from approximately 3,000 European HIV-1 infected patients. These patients have known dates of infection spread over the last 25 years, good clinical follow up, and a wide range of clinical prognostic indicators and outcomes. The primary objective is to discover the viral genetic determinants of severity of infection and set-point viral load. This primary objective is high-risk & blue-skies: there is ample indirect evidence of polymorphisms that alter virulence, but they have never been identified, and it is not known how easy they are to discover. However, the project is also high-reward: it could lead to a substantial shift in the understanding of HIV disease. Technologically, the BEEHIVE project will deliver new approaches for undertaking whole genome association studies on RNA viruses, including delivering an innovative high-throughput bioinformatics pipeline for handling genetically diverse viral quasi-species data (with viral diversity both within and between infected patients). The project also includes secondary and tertiary objectives that address critical open questions in HIV epidemiology and evolution. The secondary objective is to use viral genetic sequences allied to mathematical epidemic models to better understand the resurgent European epidemic amongst high-risk groups, especially men who have sex with men. The aim will not just be to establish who is at risk of infection, which is known from conventional epidemiological approaches, but also to characterise the risk factors for onwards transmission of the virus. Tertiary objectives involve understanding the relationship between the genetic diversity within viral samples, indicative of on-going evolution or dual infections, to clinical outcomes.
Project acronym BIAF
Project Bird Inspired Autonomous Flight
Researcher (PI) Shane Paul Windsor
Host Institution (HI) UNIVERSITY OF BRISTOL
Summary The agile and efficient flight of birds shows what flight performance is physically possible, and in theory could be achieved by unmanned air vehicles (UAVs) of the same size. The overall aim of this project is to enhance the performance of small scale UAVs by developing novel technologies inspired by understanding how birds are adapted to interact with airflows. Small UAVs have the potential to dramatically change current practices in many areas such as, search and rescue, surveillance, and environmental monitoring. Currently the utility of these systems is limited by their operational endurance and their inability to operate in strong turbulent winds, especially those that often occur in urban environments. Birds are adapted to be able to fly in these conditions and actually use them to their advantage to minimise their energy output. This project is composed of three tracks which contain elements of technology development, as well as scientific investigation looking at bird flight behaviour and aerodynamics. The first track looks at developing path planning algorithms for UAVs in urban environments based on how birds fly in these areas, by using GPS tracking and computational fluid dynamics alongside trajectory optimization. The second track aims to develop artificial wings with improved gust tolerance inspired by the features of feathered wings. Here, high speed video measurements of birds flying through gusts will be used alongside wind tunnel testing of artificial wings to discover what features of a bird's wing help to alleviate gusts. The third track develops novel force and flow sensor arrays for autonomous flight control based on the sensor arrays found in flying animals. These arrays will be used to make UAVs with increased agility and robustness. This unique bird inspired approach uses biology to show what is possible, and engineering to find the features that enable this performance and develop them into functional technologies.
The agile and efficient flight of birds shows what flight performance is physically possible, and in theory could be achieved by unmanned air vehicles (UAVs) of the same size. The overall aim of this project is to enhance the performance of small scale UAVs by developing novel technologies inspired by understanding how birds are adapted to interact with airflows. Small UAVs have the potential to dramatically change current practices in many areas such as, search and rescue, surveillance, and environmental monitoring. Currently the utility of these systems is limited by their operational endurance and their inability to operate in strong turbulent winds, especially those that often occur in urban environments. Birds are adapted to be able to fly in these conditions and actually use them to their advantage to minimise their energy output. This project is composed of three tracks which contain elements of technology development, as well as scientific investigation looking at bird flight behaviour and aerodynamics. The first track looks at developing path planning algorithms for UAVs in urban environments based on how birds fly in these areas, by using GPS tracking and computational fluid dynamics alongside trajectory optimization. The second track aims to develop artificial wings with improved gust tolerance inspired by the features of feathered wings. Here, high speed video measurements of birds flying through gusts will be used alongside wind tunnel testing of artificial wings to discover what features of a bird's wing help to alleviate gusts. The third track develops novel force and flow sensor arrays for autonomous flight control based on the sensor arrays found in flying animals. These arrays will be used to make UAVs with increased agility and robustness. This unique bird inspired approach uses biology to show what is possible, and engineering to find the features that enable this performance and develop them into functional technologies.
Project acronym BioBlood
Project Development of a Bio-Inspired Blood Factory for Personalised Healthcare
Researcher (PI) Athanasios Mantalaris
Host Institution (HI) IMPERIAL COLLEGE OF SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY AND MEDICINE
Summary Personalized medicine is a medical model that proposes the customization of healthcare, with decisions and practices being tailored to the individual patient by use of patient-specific information and/or application of patient-specific cell-based therapies. BioBlood aims to deliver personalised healthcare through a "step change" in the clinical field of haemato-oncology. BioBlood represents an engineered bio-inspired integrated experimental/modelling platform for normal and abnormal haematopoiesis that receives disease & patient input (patient primary cells & patient/disease-specific data) and will produce cellular (red blood cell product) and drug (optimal drug treatment) therapies as its output. Blood supply to meet demand is the primary challenge for Blood Banks and requires significant resources to avoid shortages and ensure safety. An alternative, practical and cost-effective solution to conventional donated blood is essential to reduce patient morbidity and mortality, stabilise and guarantee the donor supply, limit multiple donor exposures, reduce risk of infection of known or as yet unidentified pathogens, and ensure a robust and safe turn-around for blood supply management. BioBlood aims to meet this challenge by developing a novel in vitro platform for the mass production of RBCs for clinical use. More than £32b/year is spent to develop and bring new drugs to market, which takes 14 years. Most patients diagnosed with leukaemias are unable to tolerate treatment and would benefit from novel agents. There is a need to optimise current treatment schedules for cancers such as AML to limit toxicities and improve clinical trial pathways for new drugs to enable personalised healthcare. BioBlood's in vitro & in silico platform would be a powerful tool to tailor treatments in a patient- and leukaemia-specific chemotherapy schedule by considering the level of toxicity to the specific individual and treatment efficiency for the specific leukaemia a priori.
Personalized medicine is a medical model that proposes the customization of healthcare, with decisions and practices being tailored to the individual patient by use of patient-specific information and/or application of patient-specific cell-based therapies. BioBlood aims to deliver personalised healthcare through a "step change" in the clinical field of haemato-oncology. BioBlood represents an engineered bio-inspired integrated experimental/modelling platform for normal and abnormal haematopoiesis that receives disease & patient input (patient primary cells & patient/disease-specific data) and will produce cellular (red blood cell product) and drug (optimal drug treatment) therapies as its output. Blood supply to meet demand is the primary challenge for Blood Banks and requires significant resources to avoid shortages and ensure safety. An alternative, practical and cost-effective solution to conventional donated blood is essential to reduce patient morbidity and mortality, stabilise and guarantee the donor supply, limit multiple donor exposures, reduce risk of infection of known or as yet unidentified pathogens, and ensure a robust and safe turn-around for blood supply management. BioBlood aims to meet this challenge by developing a novel in vitro platform for the mass production of RBCs for clinical use. More than £32b/year is spent to develop and bring new drugs to market, which takes 14 years. Most patients diagnosed with leukaemias are unable to tolerate treatment and would benefit from novel agents. There is a need to optimise current treatment schedules for cancers such as AML to limit toxicities and improve clinical trial pathways for new drugs to enable personalised healthcare. BioBlood's in vitro & in silico platform would be a powerful tool to tailor treatments in a patient- and leukaemia-specific chemotherapy schedule by considering the level of toxicity to the specific individual and treatment efficiency for the specific leukaemia a priori.
Project acronym BM
Project Becoming Muslim: Conversion to Islam and Islamisation in Eastern Ethiopia
Researcher (PI) Timothy Insoll
Host Institution (HI) THE UNIVERSITY OF EXETER
Summary " Why do people convert to Islam? The contemporary relevance of this question is immediately apparent.""Becoming Muslim"" will transform our knowledge about Islamisation processes and contexts through archaeological research in Harar, Eastern Ethiopia, and examine this in comparison to other regions in sub-Saharan Africa via publication and a major conference. Assessing genuine belief is difficult, but the impact of trade, Saints, Sufis and Holy men, proselytisation, benefits gained from Arabic literacy and administration systems, enhanced power, prestige, warfare, and belonging to the larger Muslim community have all been suggested. Equally significant is the context of conversion. Why were certain sub-Saharan African cities key points for conversion to Islam, e.g. Gao and Timbuktu in the Western Sahel, and Harar in Ethiopia? Archaeological engagement with Islamisation processes and contexts of conversion in Africa is variable, and in parts of the continent research is static. This exciting 4-year project explores, for the first time, Islamic conversion and Islamisation through focusing on Harar, the most important living Islamic centre in the Horn of Africa, and its surrounding region. Islamic archaeology has been neglected in Ethiopia, and is wholly non-existent in Harar. Excavation at 5 key sites: 2 shrines, 2 abandoned settlements, 1 urban site, will permit evaluation of urban Islam, the veneration of saints, pilgrimage and shrine based practices, rural Islam, architecture and jihad, changes in lifeways, and early and comparative evidence for Islam and long-distance trade, through analysis of, e.g. architecture, epigraphy, burial orientation, imported artifacts, and faunal and botanical remains. Although it is fully acknowledged that conversion to Islam and Islamisation processes are not universal, my project is groundbreaking in developing and applying a transferable methodology for the archaeological explanation of ""Becoming Muslim"" in sub-Saharan Africa."
" Why do people convert to Islam? The contemporary relevance of this question is immediately apparent.""Becoming Muslim"" will transform our knowledge about Islamisation processes and contexts through archaeological research in Harar, Eastern Ethiopia, and examine this in comparison to other regions in sub-Saharan Africa via publication and a major conference. Assessing genuine belief is difficult, but the impact of trade, Saints, Sufis and Holy men, proselytisation, benefits gained from Arabic literacy and administration systems, enhanced power, prestige, warfare, and belonging to the larger Muslim community have all been suggested. Equally significant is the context of conversion. Why were certain sub-Saharan African cities key points for conversion to Islam, e.g. Gao and Timbuktu in the Western Sahel, and Harar in Ethiopia? Archaeological engagement with Islamisation processes and contexts of conversion in Africa is variable, and in parts of the continent research is static. This exciting 4-year project explores, for the first time, Islamic conversion and Islamisation through focusing on Harar, the most important living Islamic centre in the Horn of Africa, and its surrounding region. Islamic archaeology has been neglected in Ethiopia, and is wholly non-existent in Harar. Excavation at 5 key sites: 2 shrines, 2 abandoned settlements, 1 urban site, will permit evaluation of urban Islam, the veneration of saints, pilgrimage and shrine based practices, rural Islam, architecture and jihad, changes in lifeways, and early and comparative evidence for Islam and long-distance trade, through analysis of, e.g. architecture, epigraphy, burial orientation, imported artifacts, and faunal and botanical remains. Although it is fully acknowledged that conversion to Islam and Islamisation processes are not universal, my project is groundbreaking in developing and applying a transferable methodology for the archaeological explanation of ""Becoming Muslim"" in sub-Saharan Africa."


text:
'use strict';

const _test = require('tap').test;
const _jsonBody = require('./json-body');

_test('Parse object', assert =>{
  assert.plan(1);

  const result = _jsonBody.filter({
    body:'{"foo":"bar"}'
  });

  assert.equals(result.jsonBody.foo, 'bar');
});

_test('Parse array', assert =>{
  assert.plan(1);

  const result = _jsonBody.filter({
    body:'[123]'
  });

  assert.equals(result.jsonBody[0], 123);
});

_test('Parse number', assert =>{
  assert.plan(1);

  const result = _jsonBody.filter({
    body:'123'
  });

  assert.equals(result.jsonBody, 123);
});

_test('Does not parse standalone string', assert =>{
  assert.plan(1);

  const result = _jsonBody.filter({
    body:'abc'
  });

  assert.equals(result.jsonBody, undefined);
});

_test('Parse exceptions are ignored', assert =>{
  assert.plan(1);

  const result = _jsonBody.filter({
    body:'{1a]'
  });

  assert.equals(result.jsonBody, undefined);
});

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Q: Python analyze requests I'm interested in building an app that lets developers see http/https requests from their machine real time. Something like firebug, but it catches requests made not only from a browser but also a shell. My question is, is there any python packages that allow me to tap into the module that makes each request ? I'm not very clear as to what this is called but its basically like firebug or wireshark.

A: Such activities are often referred to as packet sniffing. See Packet sniffing in Python (Windows)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Vana-Kreeka skulptuur
OlüMpiamäNgud Vana Kreekas by Katri Silla 8817 views
Ancient Greek Theatre Combo by Aixa Rodriguez 17601 views
Merille Hommik
Published in: Education, Technology
Ebook Digital at Ebook Digital
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4 months ago Reply
Diana Bairamgulova , Kokk at Grand Hotel Bellevue
1. Vana-Kreeka skulptuur Merille Hommik
2. Arhailine periood Kuni a 450 eKr
4.

Nike from Delos, Athens National Museum, c. 550 BC

5.

Reconstruction of the Nike of Delos

6.

1. ca 600 eKr, 2. 575-550, 3. 560, 4. 530-520, 5. 515-500, 6. 485, 7. 320

7.

The statues of Kleobis and Biton mentioned by the ancient Greek historian Herodotus at BK 1.30; marble, ca. 580, from the sanctuary of Apollo at Delphi. Hgt of each figure: ca. 215 cm.

8.

Kouros Anavyssos, c. 530 BC. National Archaeological Museum in Athens

9.

Kouros in the National Archaeological Museum, Athens. Found on the Cycladic Island Santorini in a necropolis below Ancient Thera

10.

Upper part of an equestrian Kouros, Acropolis Museum, Athens

11.

Kenneth's Clark's The Nude is a classic study of this classical theme.

12.

Preparing a Block of Marble to form a Kouros Sculpture. A Grid of Lines was drawn and the Figure projected. A method that was applied for some early Kouros sculptures. Diagram from S. Woodford, An Introduction to Greek Art, Cornell University Press, 1986.

13.

Moschophoros: marble statue c. 570 BC. Acropolis Museum of Athens

15.

Kored ca 800-450 eKr

16.

So-called Lady of Auxerre, a female statuette in the Daedalic style. Limestone with incised decoration, formerly painted, ca. 640–630 BC, made in Crete?

17.

Lady of Auxerre, plaster cast at cast gallery at Classics dept. at the University of Cambridge.

18.

A hypothesis about the original aspect of the "Peplum Kore" (530/520 b.C., from Athens), as goddess Artemis. On a loan by the Glyptotek in Munich for the Bunte Götter exhibition.

19.

Pelopsi värvitud kored ca 530-520 eKr

20.

Kore (Acr. 673). 520-510 BC. Parian marble. New Acropolis Museum

21.

Kore Ateena akropolilt ca 520-510 eKr

22.

Chiotissa kore, by Archermos of Chios. ca. 520-510 BC

23.

Kore, ca. 530-520 BC, found on the Acropolis

25.

Grave stele of Aristion

ca. 510 BCE, Marble 2.02 m, Athens, National Archaeological Museum

27.

Nn Piombino Apollon

Ca 540-500eKr

Pronks

h 192 cm

28.

Birth of Aphrodite "Ludovisi Throne "

ca. 470-460 eKr. Marmor. K: 90. l: 142 cm

Rome, Museo Archeoligico Nazionale

29. "Ludovisi Throne" ca. 470-460 eKr. Marmor. K: 90 cm Rome, Museo Archeoligico Nazionale
31.

Discobolus. Marble, Roman copy after a bronze original of the 5th century BC. From the Villa Adriana near Tivoli, Italy.

The Townley Discobolus at the British Museum, with incorrectly restored head.

32.

Roman bronze reduction of Myron's Discobolos, 2nd century CE.

Glyptothek Munich

33.

Lancellotti Diskobolos

a version of the ancient diskobolos by Myron (450 B.C.)

Museo Nazionale Romano, Palazzo Massimo, Rome.

As a gift of Italy to Hitler it was for some time part of the stupendous artcollections of the Glyptothek of Munich . After the war the discobolo was returned to Rome.

34.

Lancellotti Diskobolos

36.

Myroni Athena ja Marsyas

Rekonstruktsioon Kopenhageni botaanikaaias

37.

Marsyas des Myron, 2. Jh.

Marmorkopie, Rom, Vatikanische Museen

38.

Myron "Athena ja Marsyas"

Marmork-oopiad

39.

Sculptures of the west pediment of the Temple of Zeus at Olympia. Olympia Archaeological Museum.

40.

Sculptures of the east pediment of the Temple of Zeus at Olympia. Olympia Archaeological Museum.

41.

Sculptures of the west pediment of the Temple of Zeus at Olympia: Apollo and fragments of Pirithous. Olympia Archaeological Museum.

42.

Sculptures from the west pediment of the Temple of Zeus at Olympia: Centaur and Lapith. Olympia Archaeological Museum.

43. VANA-KREEKA PLASTIKA KLASSIKALISEL PERIOODIL 5.-4. saj. eKr.
44. KÕRGKLASSIKA e kõrge stiil – 5. saj. II pool
47.

Varvakioni Athena (Rooma vähendatud koopia Pheidiase Athena Parthenosest)

marmor

National Archaeological Museum, Athens

52.

Lapith fighting a centaur. South Metope 7, Parthenon, ca. 447–433 BC.

53.

Lapith fighting a centaur. South Metope 26, Parthenon, ca. 447–433 BC.

56.

Lapith fighting a centaur. South Metope 30 , Parthenon, ca. 447–433 BC.

57. Parthenoni idafriis

A bearded man (probably the archon basileus) receives a folded cloth (probably the sacred peplos of Athena) from a child (probably a boy). Block V (fig. 34-35) from the East frieze of the Parthenon, ca. 447–433 BC.

58.

Part of the central section of the east frieze. From left to right: Two girls carrying stools, the priestess of Athena, the Archon Basileus and a child holding the peplos.

59.

Athena holding a spear (now missing) watches the procession of the Great Panathenaia; next to here, the lame god Hephaistos leans on a crutch. Block V (fig. 36-37) from the East frieze of the Parthenon, ca. 447–433 BC.

60.

Olympians. l-r, Hermes, Dionysus(?), Demeter, Ares. . Block IV from the east frieze of the Parthenon, ca. 447–433 BC.

61.

Cavalcade. Block XLVII from the north frieze of the Parthenon, ca. 447–433 BC.

62.

Girls walking in single line; the first one on the left carries a thymiaterion (incense burner), the others oinochoai (jugs) or phiales (bowls) for libations. Block VIII (fig. 57-61) from the south frieze of the Parthenon, ca. 447–433 BC.

63.

Part of the central section of the east frieze. From left to right, Iris (standing), Hera and Zeus.

64.

Cattle led to the sacrifice. Blocks XLV, 137 and XLVI, 144 from the south frieze of the Parthenon, ca. 447–433 BC.

66.

The left hand group of surviving figures from the East Pediment of the Parthenon, exhibited as part of the Elgin Marbles in the British Museum.

68.

Iris. West pediment N, Parthenon, ca. 447–433 BC.

69.

Reclining hero, perhaps the river-god Ilissos. West pediment A, Parthenon, ca. 447–433 BC.

72.

Orpheus, Euridyke ja Hermes

73.

Hegeso hauamonumendi relfjeef

koopia

74. Kresilas

Haavatud amatsoon (rooma koopia)

marmor

157.48 x 53.34 x 55.88 cm

75. Kresilas

Bust of Pericles bearing the inscription "Pericles, son of Xanthippus, Athenian".

Marble

Roman copy after a Greek original from ca. 430 BC.

Musei Vaticani

76.

Roman copy of Athena after original 5th century BCE Greek sculpture by Kresilas

80. Polykleitos

Doryphoros

82.

Diadumenos of Polyclitus. Cast in Pushkin Museum, Moscow

83.

Diadumenos, National Archaeological Museum of Athens

84.

Polykleitos, The Doryphoros. Cast in Pushkin Museum, Moscow.

85. Kreeka plastika teine õitseaeg e KÕRGE STIIL 4. saj eKr
86.

Head of a warrior, found in the Athena Alea temple in Tegea. From the West pediment bearing a scene of the Trojan War. By the sculptor Scopas. ca. 350-330 BC.

87.

Meleager. Marble, Roman copy of the Flavian age after a Greek original attributed to Scopas. From the Palatine Hill.

88.

Youth head from the Athena Alea temple in Tegea. From the East pediment bearing a Calydon boar hunt. By Skopas. Ca. 350-330 BC.

89.

Skopas

Tantsiv menaad

90. Praxiteles

Sisalikutapja Apollon e Apollon Sauroktonos

91. Leochares

Belvedere Apollo Marble h. 2.24 m (7 ft) Roman copy of a Greek original from the fifth century BC Pio Clementino Museum, Vatican

92. Praxiteles

Aphrodite of Cnidus, plaster cast in Moscow Pushkin museum after original of roman marble in Capitolian Museum

94. Praxiteles

Parian marble, H. 2.15 m . Archaeological museum of ancient Olympia, Greece. From the German excavations of the Heraion at Olympia, 1877.

96.

Hermes bearing the child Dionysos, by Praxiteles. Parian marble, H. 2.15 m (7 ft. ½ in.). Archaeological museum of ancient Olympia, Greece. From the German excavations of the Heraion at Olympia, 1877.

99. Leochares

Belvedere Apollo. Marble, Roman copy of 130–140 CE after a Greek bronze original of 330–320 BC. Found in the 16th century.

Vatican museums

103. Lysippos

Kaapija e Apoxyomenos

104.

" Apoxyomenos" ("the Scraper"). Marble, Roman copy of the 1st century AD after a Greek bronze original ca. 320 BC. From the Trastevere in Roma.

H 2,05 m

Vatican museums

105.

Apoxyomenos, after Lysippos. plaster cast in Pushkin Museum, Moscow

109.

Kontraposti jooned

110.

The Hermes from Atalante, in the National Archaeological Museum in Athens. This 2nd century BC statue represents a deceased youth in heroic nudity, after an original dating from the 4th century AD and inspired by the lysippean style.

111.

L'Ercole Farnese, conservato nel Museo archeologico nazionale di Napoli.

112.

Head of Socrates (ca. 470–399 BC). Roman copy after a Greek original by Lysipp (ca. 320 v. Chr.).

113.

Portrait of Socrates. Marble, Roman artwork (1st century), perhaps a copy of a lost bronze statue made by Lysippos.

Louvre

H 33,5 cm

114. Hellenistlik skulptuur 3.-1. saj eKr
117.

Portrait of a poet, best known as "pseudo-Seneca": the bust was identified for a very long time with the Roman philosopher Seneca. It was acknowledge as spurrious after the discovery of an inscripted portrait bearing Seneca's name (1813). Marble, Roman copy of the 2nd century CE after a Hellenistic original. Found in a river near Auch (France).

H 31 cm

Louvre

118.

So-called Seneca. Ancient Roman bronze now at the National Archaeological Museum of Naples, Italy

119.

Chrysippos of Soli, second founder of Stoicism. Marble, Roman copy after a lost Hellenistic original of the late 3rd century BC.

H. 35 cm

British Museum

120.

Antisthenes. Marble, Roman copy after a Hellenistic original. From the Villa of Cassius at Tivoli, 1774.

Musei Vaticani

121.

Bust of Euripides. Marble, Roman copy after a Greek original from ca. 330 BC.

Musei Vaticani

122.

Portrait of Homer, known as Homer Caetani (the bust was found in the walls of the Caetani Palace at Rome). Pentelic marble, Roman copy (2nd century CE) of a Greek original (2nd century BC).

Louvre

123.

Sleeping Hermaphroditus. Greek marble, Roman copy of the 2nd century CE after a Hellenistic original of the 2nd century BC, restored in 1619 by David Larique; mattress: Carrara marble, made by Gianlorenzo Bernini in 1619 on Cardinal Borghese's request.

Louvre

127.

Drunken Dionysos and satyr. Marble, Roman copy from the 2nd century CE after an Hellenistic original. Marble; original elements: heads, torsos and thighs of Dionysos and satyr, right arm of Dionysos; restored elements: legs of Dionysos and satyr, arms of the satyr.

Museo nazionale romano di palazzo Altemps

128.

Copy of marble sculpture by Heliodorus. Ca. 100 BCE Object in the collection of the Naples Museum of Archeology

130.

Statue of the river Nile, Museo Chiaramonti, Vatican Museums, Rome. It dates to the Early Empire, the 1st Century BC.

132.

Surev gallialane

134.

So-called Ludovisi Gaul and his wife. Marble, Roman copy after an Hellenistic original from a monument built by Attalus I of Pergamon after his victory over Gauls, ca. 220 BC.

Dimensions H. 2.11 m

Palazzo Altemps (Museo Nazionale Romano), Rome, Italy

136.

Pergamon, Great Altar of Zeus

141.

Farnese härg e. Toro Farnese

National Archaeological Museum of Naples, Italy

143.

Melose Aphrodite

147.

Rhodians Agesander, Athenodorus and Polydorus

Laocoön and his sons, also known as the Laocoön Group. Marble, copy after an Hellenistic original from ca. 200 BC.

Musei Vaticani

Teaching Techniques: Project-Based Learning
OlüMpiamäNgud Vana Kreekas
Katri Silla
Ancient Greek Theatre Combo
Aixa Rodriguez
1.transavangard ja neoekspressionism
1.kontseptualism
1.minimalism ja postminimaalkunst
1.op ja kineetiline kunst konspekt
10.postpop ja hüperrealism

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Lansbury was originally thought of for this role.
Angela Lansbury auditioned to play Mrs. Robinson.
Considered to play the stern nanny who helps change the life of the Banks family.
Angela Lansbury was considered for the role of Ratched.
Lansbury was one of the thirty actresses considered by the director, George Stevens, for the role of Alice Tripp.
Lansbury begged MGM mogul Louis B. Mayer to let her play the Lady DeWinter part. He refused, insisting that she was better suited for the Queen Anne role--which Lansbury hated.
Note: This Angela Lansbury trivia and all celebrity trivia on notstarring.com is submitted and reviewed by movie fans from around the world. We strive to provide reliability with our rejected movie roles, and we go to great lengths to try and corroborate entries. Still, by its nature, this type of trivia will always be prone to rumor and funny Hollywood gossip and should be relied upon with appropriate caution. Please help by reporting corrections for this Angela Lansbury trivia or other celebrity trivia.


Single malts exist all over the world in various shapes and sizes, and few scottish malt producers talk much about the flavour of the grain they use. Instead, it's a lot of focus on yeast and maturation - perhaps because mostly they all use the same barley!
Copeland is the most commonly grown species of barley in the USA. This new make is the most like their whisky, with strong fruity notes and a rich grain base and slight spice. Rich, fruity, and clean.
Sharply fruity, with lots of dried fruit notes. It's also more earthy and definitely more spicy. Very unique – this is my second favourite of the distillates.
More "simply" grain – the grain comes forward more at the centre here than in any of the other new makes, with candied fruit still playing around in the background. This is nice – I quite like the grain forward nature. However, it isn't as complex as the other distillates, and it is ever so slightly astringent.
Incredible – rich barley, pine –evolving over time. It is abundant in flavour: rose, rich rice, jasmine tea, licorice, clove, Campbell's tomato soup, and green tea. This is absolutely phenomenal – rich, complex, balanced, textured. Excellent.
You can't taste these, but the other stuff Westland makes is fantastic: I recommend the Westland American Oak, Sherry Wood, Peated, and Garryana.


text:
What's on TV tonight
Wednesday May 17 2017, 12.01am, The Times
Nigel is among the subjects of A Time to Live, which documents the experiences of people faced with a terminal illness
WELLPARK PRODUCTIONS
Viewing guide, by Joe Clay
A Time to Live
BBC Two, 9pm
Have you wondered what you would do if you were told you may have months to live? The group of 12 remarkable people featured in the latest offering from the award-winning documentary film-maker Sue Bourne (My Street, The Age of Loneliness) found out that death is round the corner and their reactions might surprise you. "I don't ever like to say that I'm dying," says Louise, 45, who has stage 4 breast cancer. "I'm not dying — I'm living." Rather than wallowing in self-pity, they have all chosen to make the most of the time they have left. Their optimism and good humour radiate from the screen. It seems that


text:
Q: Discrepancy in result when calculating time using decimal(10,1) I have query that returns total seconds as 28943 , I am using below query to convert seconds
CREATE TABLE dbo.MyTable
(
  userID int,
  uDateTime datetime,
  totalsec bigint
)
INSERT INTO dbo.MyTable VALUES (123, getdate(),1503);
INSERT INTO dbo.MyTable VALUES (123, getdate(),893);
INSERT INTO dbo.MyTable VALUES (123, getdate(),14524);
INSERT INTO dbo.MyTable VALUES (123, getdate(),6631);
INSERT INTO dbo.MyTable VALUES (123, getdate(),13);
INSERT INTO dbo.MyTable VALUES (123, getdate(),889);
INSERT INTO dbo.MyTable VALUES (123, getdate(),4490);
GO
SELECT  userid,Format( SUM(CAST((CAST(totalsec as float) / 3600)as decimal(10,1))) ,'N1')
FROM dbo.MyTable
group by userid,cast(udatetime as date)

```

Output :  1,'07/07/2021',7.8

When I am running below query
```
SELECT
    FORMAT(SUM(CAST((CAST(28943 AS float) / 3600) AS decimal(10, 1))), 'N1')
```

Output : 8.0

I was wondering why there is this discrepancy in output?

A: The first query get its data from a table were you sum up values that you have cut if with decimal(10,1)
In the secound query you already inserted the sum. The sum function doesn't do anything without a table as source.
Hence you have different results because you calculated with different values.

A: I found out why I am getting 7.8 .
below query solved the issue
SELECT  userid,Format( CAST(SUM(CAST(totalsec as float) / 3600)as decimal(10,1)) ,'N1')
FROM dbo.MyTable
group by userid,cast(udatetime as date)


text:
/ StarWars
Star Wars: Battlefront II
'Star Wars': Samuel L. Jackson Interested in Revisiting Mace Windu
By Cameron Bonomolo - July 29, 2018 02:13 pm EDT
Incredibles 2 and Captain Marvel star Samuel L. Jackson is "always" open to one day reprising his role as purple lightsaber-wielding Jedi Master Mace Windu.
Asked by Red Carpet News TV about revisiting Windu after returning as ice-slinging superhero Frozone in the 14-years-later sequel to The Incredibles, Jackson said, "I'll cash that check."
"Yeah, I'm totally interested in revisiting Mace Windu, always," Jackson said. "Jedi never die."
Jackson starred as the cool-headed Jedi Master in all three of the George Lucas-directed Star Wars prequels, ultimately meeting his end at the hands of the twisted Palpatine (Ian McDiarmid) following a betrayal by corrupted Jedi Knight Anakin Skywalker (Hayden Christensen).
Jackson advocated for the character to resurface during the Star Wars Celebration 40th anniversary panel in 2017, telling Lucasfilm president Kathleen Kennedy to "just say the word" and he'll reprise the role in his own Star Wars standalone or a sequel installment.
"I know you're all in my corner on this. We all know Jedi can fall from incredible heights and survive, so apparently, I am not dead," Jackson said. "Yes, I have two appendages right now, but we know the long and rich history of Star Wars characters reappearing with new appendages and being stronger and better than they ever were. Mace Windu is awaiting his return, let's make it happen!"
The star previously told EW Windu could join the "long history of one-handed Jedi," and shared his theory of Windu's survival with Lucas, who has since stepped away from the ongoing saga after selling Lucasfilm to Disney in 2012.
"George [was] like, 'I'm okay with that. You can be alive,'" Jackson said.
In June, reports surfaced Disney was putting future 'A Star Wars Story' films on hold following the poor performance of the Ron Howard-directed Han Solo prequel. The studio was said to be focusing on the in-the-works Star Wars: Episode IX, leaving potential spinoffs centered around Obi-Wan Kenobi and Boba Fett in limbo.
Jackson most recently returned as super spy Nick Fury in the post-credits tag in Marvel Studios' crossover epic Avengers: Infinity War, sending a distress signal for yet-to-debut powerhouse superhero Carol Danvers (Brie Larson), who will join the Marvel Cinematic Universe in the 1990s-set Captain Marvel in March.
LEGO Star Wars: The Skywalker Saga Release Date Leaked
Star Wars: The Mandalorian's Din Djarin Rumored to Be Debuting New Ship Soon
The Book of Boba Fett: "Chapter 4" Has Special Agents of SHIELD Connection
Latest The Book of Boba Fett Episode Ending Has Star Wars Fans Excited
Star Wars: New Young Boba Fett Actor Reveals Set Photo With Temuera Morrison
Star Wars Leak Reportedly Spoils Bad Batch Season 2 Release Date
Star Wars: Battlefront 2 Developer Promises Multiplayer Fix
Star Wars Just Established A Major Connection To The Old Republic


text:
Home Tags The Kapil Sharma show
Tag: The Kapil Sharma show
Kajol had a big crush on Akshay Kumar, reveals Karan Johar...
Jyoti - April 29, 2019
We all knows that Kajol and Karan Johar are best friends. Recently, the duo appeared on Kapil Sharma's show. In a fun-filled chat show, the...
Alia Bhatt gets offended by Kiku Sharda's jokes on The Kapil...
Bollywood actress Alia Bhatt is currently busy in the promotions of her upcoming film Kalank. The actress along with her film's co-stars – Varun...
Navjot Singh Sidhu
The Kapil Sharma Show: Archana Puran Singh reveals she get less...
Archana Puran Singh who has replaced Navjot Singh Sidhu on The Kapil Sharma Show after he was shown the door post his comments on...
Kapil-Sharma
Sunil Grover to return to The Kapil Sharma Show, but there's...
Jyoti - February 21, 2019
The Kapil Sharma Show has been in the news after Navjot Singh Sidhu's remarks on Pulwama terror attack. Soon after, 'Boycott Kapil Sharma' started trending on social...
The Kapil Sharma Show: Krushna Abhishek finally breaks his silence on...
After Sidhu's comments on the 14th February terrorist attack in Kashmir got the nation furious. Fans demanded to boycott him from the comedy king's...
Kapil Sharma welcomes Archana Puran Singh on The Kapil Sharma Show,...
The Kapil Sharma Show has been in the news over Navjot Singh Sidhu's statements about the Pulwama terror attack. Fans were outraged on social media and...
Navjot Singh Sidhu on being sacked from Kapil Sharma Show: I...
Recently, there have been news doing the rounds that Navjot Singh Sidhu will be replaced in The Kapil Sharma Show post his comments on Pulwama attack. Navjot...
Archana Puran Singh confirms shooting for The Kapil Sharma Show
Recently, there have been news doing the rounds that Archana Puran Singh has replaced Navjot Singh Sidhu in The Kapil Sharma Show post his comments on Pulwama...
Kapil Sharma brings back his character Rajesh Arora in The Kapil...
Jyoti - January 17, 2019
Ace comedian Kapil Sharma is back with his popular show The Kapil Sharma Show. The show has topped all the charts when it comes to TRP...
The Kapil Sharma Show: Salman Khan reveals why he doesn't kiss...
Jyoti - January 3, 2019
Comedian Kapil Sharma is back with his popular show The Kapil Sharma Show. The first season was aired on December 29 where guests Sara Ali Khan, Rohit Shetty and Ranveer Singh...
फिल्म '83' के लिए रणवीर ऐसे बने कपिल देव, इस तरह...
बेटे संग क्लीनिक के बाहर अभिनेत्री अमृता सिंह , मां को...


text:
Q: Endpoint for getting friends who have been to a venue The website has had for some time now a section that shows friends who have been to a certain venue, yet I do not see an endpoint for getting this information.
Is such an endpoint in the works or is this considered a privacy issue like friends history even though they're both on the website???

A: There is no API endpoint with this functionality yet. There's a variety of reasons for why this is the case, but the primary one is that it hasn't hit the top of our priority stack just yet (this element of the website was not built off of the API)


text:
@echo off
REM Script to install the updates
net user Administrator p@ssw0rd /active:yes

SET install_dir=%~dp0
REM Getting rid of the \ at the end
SET install_dir=%install_dir:~0,-1%
cd %install_dir%
dir /b %install_dir%\*.cab > updatelist.txt
for /f "delims=" %%i in (updatelist.txt) do (
   echo Processing %%i
   call applyupdate -stage %%i
)

echo.
echo Commit updates
applyupdate -commit


Silver medals produced by the U.S. Mint are not just beautiful pieces of art, although that is part of what makes them so unique. They are also a convenient and cost-effective way for collectors to add this popular precious metal to their numismatic portfolios. Silver medals feature historic designs that reflect classic American themes and values. They tell our Nation's unique story and make ideal gifts for friends and loved ones.


Get Zatacka (Achtung die Kurve!) on your Android Device. Many years after the classic Dos-Game-Hit, you can now play Zatacka (Achtung die Kurve!) on the go.
► Singleplayer Mode! ◄Why do you want to play alone? Destroy your friend. But for those you have no friends, you'll get a Singleplayer Mode, soon. But in the meantime challenge everybody.
► Why should i download? ◄- It's fun and very addictive- Best Multiplayer one screen experiences on Android.- It's FREE!


text:
yqqlm
This is an article news aggregation network that provides the most valuable sports, international, exploration, and fashion information.
After being convicted of infringing on the name right of"Michael Jordan", Jordan Sports Company changed its name
By yqqlm yqqlm
Senior Journalist Li Jing
The name of Michael Jordan in the Shanghai court After the judgment of the rights dispute case, Jordan Sports Co., Ltd. changed its name.
Recently, the Shanghai court ruled that Qiaodan Sports Co., Ltd. suspended the"Jordan" business name and Involving the"Jordan" trademark. On January 13, 2021, The Paper journalists inquired about Tianyancha APP and learned that on January 12, 2021, the original Jordan Sports Co., Ltd. had a business change and the company name was changed to Zhongqiao Sports Co., Ltd.
The Paper previously reported that on December 30, 2020, the Shanghai Second Intermediate Court filed a dispute over the name right of former American professional basketball player Michael Jordan v. Jordan Sports Company and Bairen Trading Company The verdict of the first instance was pronounced, and it was judged that Jordan Sports Company publicly apologized to the plaintiff in newspapers and on the Internet, and clarified the relationship between the two; Jordan Sports Company stopped using the"Jordan" business name in its corporate name; Jordan Sports Company should stop using the"Jordan" company Trademarks, but for trademarks involving"Jordan" that exceed the five-year dispute period, reasonable methods including distinctive signs should be used to indicate that they are not related to former American basketball player Michael Jordan (Michael Jordan); Jordan Sports Company should compensate the plaintiff with RMB 300,000 for mental damage and soothing money; Jordan Sports Company should compensate the plaintiff with RMB 50,000 for reasonable expenses incurred by the lawsuit in this case.
The day after the court's decision, Jordan Sports issued a public statement stating that "this civil judgment is consistent with the administrative judgment of the Supreme People's Court and will not affect our company's legal right to use the Chinese trademark"Jordan""The public has widely known and clearly distinguished the relationship between the two, and our company is also actively adopting various measures to avoid confusion.""Jordan Sports will continue to do well in the"Jordan" brand products."
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This is a smaller cut of our signature Aqua Iridescent.
This glitter is perfect for your projects that require delicate shimmer that a chunkier cut would be too big, but still shiny enough to give it a glow.
We have tried to take accurate photos depicting the true colour as much as possible. This glitter is a craft glitter and is not recommended for using as makeup.


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Our sewing program at Pearl Street Is growing!
We picked up one more used sewing machine so we can make ALL THE THINGS!
I can't wait to see what the Purple Catters want to make for the holidays!
Thank you to everyone that has purchased pillows in the past week! We are so happy and proud!! It's wonderful what we make from repurposed fabric and donations.


A man is driving along a lonely country road as midnight approaches. I don't know how old the man is–perhaps 40, maybe 45. For the time being, it's not important. Nor do I know his name. Jeff? Fred? Ferdinand? Pick a name, any name. Just as with his age, it is irrelevant right now.
The man (okay, we'll settle on Ferdinand!) glances in his rearview mirror. A dark stretch of asphalt merges into the background, swallowed by the night. He can't help but inhale deeply, taking in the warm summer air through the open window of his car. Above, in an oily canvas of night sky, hundreds of stars sparkle like diamonds. He used to study astronomy as a kid, and, momentarily, he looks up, through the windshield, seeing if maybe, just maybe, he can identify some of those stars. No such luck. Like eighth-grade algebra, the knowledge is gone, captured by the wide gulf of years, of time and distance.
He hasn't driven through a town of significant size for miles. He's "smack-dab in the middle of Nothingville," as his mom used to say about the house and town he grew up in. Where is he headed? I'm not sure, and neither is he. Doesn't matter. What matters is the drive, the stars, the gentle night breeze wafting in through the window, the fields and trees that come and go, come and go, as he drives on. There are few houses. But occasionally, there is a porch light in the distance, a beacon in the dark. It makes him reminisce. He grew up on a farm. He couldn't wait to get away, escape to the city. Now he wonders if perhaps that had been a mistake. His life isn't what he thought it would be. Maybe that's why he's on this long drive. Maybe he's running away, fleeing something from a long-ago, irretrievable past.
Ferdinand sighs, turns on the car's radio. He scans through the stations–not getting much, this far away from populated areas. He comes across a sports-talk station with a caller screaming in a heavy Brooklyn accent about why the New York Jets need to move in a new direction. The host cautions restraint, the caller yells again. Ferdinand presses a button, and the angry Jets fan is gone. For a moment, Ferdinand imagines the owner of that voice, that frustrated fan. He's shut him out, erased him from the confines of the car, but surely the man is still raging from somewhere in Brooklyn. An apartment, perhaps? Maybe the guy lives above a bakery or a pizza parlor, or a pawnshop. Maybe he owns a brownstone on a busy corner, with cars honking and people talking on the streets and sidewalks outside. Miles away from Ferdinand. Worlds away.
He continues to drive, cruising along at 55. Not a single car passes him. The road is his, and his alone. He imagines driving through a vortex, through an intersection of space and time, plunging into a parallel world, as if a character in an old Twilight Zone episode. And all the while, he continues to scan through the radio dial.
There's one station playing '80s pop. He pauses on this one. Some of the songs he remembers well from his youth. This makes him feel at once nostalgic, and old. Could that really have been thirty years ago? He glances in the rearview again, not to look out for traffic–he knows there isn't any–but to check his thinning hair and the worry lines on his forehead. Where has the time gone?
Muttering, Ferdinand fiddles with the dial again. The scanner skips over stations and plays back static with others, interspersed with a few more songs that he doesn't care for–there's a heavy metal piece, a country song. A grunge number from the '90s. Just as he's about to switch the radio off entirely, he hears something odd. A voice, talking to him. But not just any voice.
Ferdinand shakes his head, hits his forehead with the palm of one hand. Don't do what? Don't go where? And how can he be hearing himself on the radio?
"I need some sleep," he says. The next sign of life, the next town–he'll pull over, get a room for the night. Maybe order some takeout, watch a movie. Relax.
He reaches to turn off the radio.
He takes a long, deep breath, looks out the window at the stars, at the empty, open vastness of the night.
And if he's not . . . what does it mean? How can it be?
Maybe he has driven into the Twilight Zone, after all.
This is an idea that hit me with the force of a hammer last week. The scene unfolded in my mind as described above, formulated within seconds upon waking from an overnight sleep. As I always do when an idea that energizes me comes, I immediately jotted down the gist of it, the essentials–so I wouldn't forget anything important. I did the same thing with the scene that came to me in a dream back when I was in high school–the dream that morphed into Mitchell Brant's dream in the opening chapter of The Eye-Dancers. For two decades, I couldn't seem to fit that episode into a story–until, at last, The Eye-Dancers was born.
Will this new idea, this new situation, also take weeks or months or years to grow and expand and flesh out into a story, or even a novel? I hope not. But I don't have much control over it, either. This is how ideas work for me, most of the time. Every now and then, an idea arrives fully formed, beginning to end, a complete story that only needs to be written. But that is the exception, not the rule.
The rule is both riveting and frustrating. Exhilarating and tantalizing. Because what normally happens is–I am given a piece, a small slice of the whole. Just enough to hook me, pull me in, grasp onto to me like a feisty dog taking a firm hold and not letting go. I am forced in, unable to discard, feeling the need to explore the path and see where it leads. See what discoveries await on the other side. Sometimes that process is sudden and immediate. Other times it is slow and full of pitfalls, as I await the pleasure of a capricious and all too often stingy muse.
So, for right now, I reluctantly set Ferdinand aside. Oh, I'll think about him. I'll turn his predicament over in my mind a thousand times before Sunday. But I know the full story cannot be forced. Just as Ferdinand's voice spoke to him from the radio, so it will to me–in its own way, at a time and place of its choosing. I can coax and goad and ponder and cajole, but I cannot dictate. The creative process must be allowed to work its magic in its own inscrutable way.
Then again, maybe tonight I will dream of this again, and, maybe, upon waking, the riddle will be solved, and the story will be written.


I have a relative who has the fatal disease, Pemphigus Vulgaris.
He/she is on 5 mg. of Prednisone every other day.
I am concerned when Prednisone will no longer be effective.
Mayo is fantastic at unusual diseases.
Does anybody know of any research or other treatments?
Can anybody suggest a specialist at a Mayo campus?
Hello @another_keesh, welcome to Connect. I don't have any knowledge on pemphigus vulgaris but thought I would give you a few places to start until someone more familiar joins your discussion. I would suggest calling Mayo Clinic to see if they are able to setup an appointment with a specialist.
Thank you for being an advocate for your relative.
I'd like to add my welcome, and also thank @johnbishop for the guidance and some great information.
I hope @earljohnson5030, and @gonefishinmt will return to give you some insight, perhaps about their experiences with Prednisone, as well.
Since your relative may most likely see a dermatologist, I thought you might like to know that the Mayo Clinic dermatology department in Minnesota offers one of the nation's few comprehensive inpatient treatment programs for managing complex dermatologic problems.
@another_keesh, what were the symptoms, and when was your relative diagnosed? Besides the Prednisone, is there anything else he/she does to manage the pain and discomfort?
"it started out that my gums were white.
pain in my mouth. could hardly eat.
http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40265-015-0353-6 Zhao, C. Y., & Murrell, D. F. (2015). Pemphigus vulgaris: an evidence-based treatment update. Drugs, 75(3), 271-284. A useful starting point for finding up-to-date information on medical therapies is to use "google scholar".
Thanks, I will forward this on to my relative.


text:
R.I.P. Remote Control?
When Microsoft unveiled its revamped Dashboard interface for the Xbox 360 late last year, it posed an intriguing question: Are we soon to see the death of the living room remote control?
By further integrating the voice and gesture recognition systems of the Xbox 360 Kinect system, Microsoft took the first tentative steps toward eliminating the remote control entirely. The Kinect system, which uses a camera and microphone to track user motion and sound, had already been leveraged heavily for game titles. But by splicing it with the central Xbox user interface, Kinect could go a step further. A universal remote control … without the remote control.
Console systems aren't just for games anymore. Along with its competitors, the Nintendo Wii and the PlayStation 3, the Xbox 360 has been trying to leverage its Internet connectivity features and shed its reputation as just a video game platform. It would much rather you think of it as a central hub for all your home entertainment needs — TV, DVD, on-demand movies, streaming music, chat and social media. And yes, on occasion, video games.
The intent is clear. By putting all your home entertainment options into one place, and providing a controller-less interface, the Xbox hopes to change the living room dynamic in a fundamental way.
But does it work? And maybe more importantly — do you really want your TV looking and listening back at you?


Oxalic acid is a naturally occurring compound in many plant foods. It is used in industry as a bleaching agent and for rust removal. In your body, oxalic acid can combine with calcium in the kidneys to form kidney stones in susceptible people. Oxalic acid is poisonous when consumed in high quantities, so people with certain health conditions should avoid high oxalate foods.
Kidney stones are a major side effect of excess oxalic acid, according to a study conducted by scientists at the Department of Pharmacognosy, Ultra College of Pharmacy, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India. In the study on laboratory animals, oxalic acid kidney stones were reduced by administration of the herb Salvadora persica, also known as peelu, toothbrush tree or mustard tree. Researchers found the herb to exert both preventive and curative effects. The study was published in the November 2010 issue of the journal "Methods and Findings in Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology."
Oxalic acid can cause kidney damage following a certain surgical procdure, according to a case study reported by researchers at the Departments of Nephrology and Renal Pathology, Evangelismos General Hospital, Athens, Greece, in the February 2011 issue of the journal "Clinical Nephrology." The patent had undergone a gastric bypass surgery for treatment of obesity and subsequently developed excess oxalic acid in the kidneys. Dialysis did not improve kidney function. Researchers hypothesize that the surgical procedure may lead to malabsorption of fats and increased fatty acids in the intestine. Calcium in the intestines, which normally binds to oxalate and prevents it from being absorbed, binds to the extra fatty acids. Oxalate is then absorbed into the bloodstream and accumulates in the kidneys as they attempt to filter the oxalate out of the bloodstream. A low fat and low oxalate diet is prescribed.
Excess vitamin C consumption may lead to oxalic acid kidney stone formation, explains Sareen S. Gropper, co-author of the book "Advanced Nutrition and Human Metabolism." While oxalic acid is a product of the breakdown of vitamin C and may, theoretically, accumulate to form kidney stones, doses of as much as 10 g of vitamin C have not been associated with increased oxalate stone formation. Some experts caution that anyone who is at increased risk for forming calcium osalate stone should avoid high doses of vitamin C.
Oxalic acid is a poison that can cause a range of potentially life-threatening symptoms. John E. Duldner, Jr., M.D., of The University of Maryland Medical Center, lists abdominal pain, convulsions, kidney problems, low blood pressure, mouth and throat pain, shock, tremors, vomiting and weak pulse as possible signs of oxalic acid poisoning. First aid treatment includes drinking water or milk, unless the the person is experiencing symptoms that make it difficult to swallow, such as vomiting, convulsions or decreased alertness. Seek emergency care if these symptoms appear suddenly.


The achieved level and problems with ICT development in the Kyrgyz Republic determine the necessity to move away from a one-sided policy of just developing communications and information technologies to the formulation of a nation-wide strategy to integrate with the world information society.
The Asian and Pacific Training Centre for ICT for Development, in partnership with the Academy of Public Administration under President of Kyrgyz Republic (APAPKR), and Central Asian Research and Education Network (CAREN) co-organized the CIS Sub-Regional Workshop and the Kyrgyzstan National Launch of Women ICT Frontier Initiative (WIFI) on 24-27 April 2017 at the Academy of Public Administration in Bishkek.
The Asian and Pacific Training Centre for ICT for Development (APCICT) organized a session on "Women ICT Frontier Initiative: ICT Enabled Women Entrepreneurship" at the Second Regional Central Asia Research and Education Network (CAREN) Conference on 26 April 2017 in cooperation with CAREN.


Subtopia is an underwater themed adventure, a slot machine created by Net Entertainment which will give you gorgeous graphics and symbols that are mostly related to a submarine, its crew which is in search for an adventure and an underwater city. There is a certain vintage feel to it, in the style of Jules Verne's 20,000 Leagues Under The Sea, which gives you one extra reason to try it out if you enjoy the adventure genre.
In Subtopia, you will be able to activate up to 20 paylines, all of them being available on 5 reels. It was created by Net Entertainment, a developer that included in it scatter symbols, free games, multipliers and wilds. Even the prizes look good, giving you up to $50,000.
Among the features that make Subtopia a fun choice you will find the wild symbol, a scatter, a round of free spins and the multiplier. It's the complete package, all the features that you expect to see in a modern game.
The wild symbol takes the form of a gold robot of some kind, with the word Wild mentioned at the bottom. It is the one that can act as a substitute, replacing other symbols when this will lead to the formation of a new winning combination. The wild can't substitute for a symbol with an extra role, like a multiplier or a scatter. You shouldn't expect any prizes from it either, this is not that kind of wild symbol.
The game's spins will benefit from random multipliers, when they do get triggered, which will give you x2 to x5 the usual amount for the winnings that are offered that round.
The Compass Scatter is another important part of the features offered in Subtopia. Appearing in scattered positions on the reels, the Compass will get you prizes when a certain number of symbols are present. Get at least two of them, and your reward will be a prize worth x2 the triggering bet. With the maximum of five scattered Compass symbols, the prize is the equivalent of 100x the triggering bet.
The game asks for at least three scattered Compass symbols to be in any position, in order for it to give you the free spins round. You get a Multiplier Meter for the duration, which will change at random and give you between x2 and x6 the usual amount.
You start out with the selection of the paylines, up to 20 being available in this game. Next, you can decide on the number of coins to be used in each case, the range being 1 to 10. The final decision concerns the denomination, the value of the coin, which goes from $0.01 to $0.50. You end up with wagers of up to $5, the total going up to $100 per spin (200 coins).
As for the rewards, they can get you up to 10,000x, or 100,000 coins. In cash, it means $50,000, not a bad prize for a game like this.
Subtopia has a bit of a vintage feel to it, the kind of design I would imagine being used for a game that was about the works of Jules Verne. You have a full crew of characters inside, from the captain, to the scientist lady, the girl mechanic, the deep sea diver or the young inventor. There is metal all around the reels, with the background being from the engine room of the submarine, filled with pipes and wheels.
Symbols: Gold Robot (wild), Compass (scatter, 100x triggering wager), Scientist (2,000x), Sub Captain (1,200x), Scientist Lady (900x), Deep Sea Diver (600x), Girl Mechanic (400x), Ace (150x), King (100x), Queen (80x), Jack (60x) and 10 (50x).
The vintage feel of this submarine and underwater themed slot will be a lot of fun for the fans of Jules Verne and the work he left behind. If you love a good adventure, I suggest you give Subtopia a chance.
This Subtopia slot is offered by all online casinos with Net Entertainment software, playable either in practice or in real money mode.