There are two main types of underfloor heating systems: wet (hydronic) and dry (electrical). A hydronic system pumps warm water through pipes beneath the floor to create heat, while an electrical system uses electric coils under the floor to achieve its warmth.
The pattern in which hydronic piping is installed is crucial, as unlike electrical underfloor heating, the heat spreads through the pipe gradually. Therefore, the pattern plays a large part in ensuring the room is heated evenly.
I used to consider underfloor heating as part of the plumbing domain; as something that had little relevance to the HVAC&R industry — despite obviously putting the 'H' in 'HVAC&R'. I simply hadn't seen many of these systems around before.
Now, this is not the first time that I have attempted to do a heating feature. Every time I had this whim, I was met with little enthusiasm from all sides, as people told me that South Africa does not really care as much for heating as many northern hemisphere countries do. Fair enough. Our weather is comparatively far more pleasant, being spared from the north's excessively brutal winters. That does not mean we do not need underfloor heating, though.
From all accounts, the domestic market has exploded as the emerging middle class demands the comforts of underfloor heating, finally accepting the fact that the initial capital outlay will pay for itself in what it saves in electricity compared to less efficient ways of heating.
Although the South African electrical underfloor heating market has been in existence for quite a long time, it's in terms of hydronic systems that things have truly picked up over the past five years or so — especially in commercial and industrial applications. From the foyer of the PwC tower to hunching over the floor in the Woolworths store in Kyalami Corner, Midrand, where you can feel the heat with one hand while the other side is planted on a cold spot.
Electrical offers a lower capital investment but hydronic is much cheaper to run.
Chicken battery cages, hospitals, crocodile farms, fancy hotels, and even just integrated domestic heating — the possibilities are vast.
According to a Global Market Insights research report, the global underfloor market was worth USD4 806.53-million in 2016, with massive growth forecasted for the next couple of years. The hydronic underfloor heating market size is set to exceed USD5-billion by 2024.
The official growth summary of the report states: "Growing consumer awareness towards energy conservation, along with significant increase in urban population, will augment the underfloor heating market.
It is important to note that underfloor heating systems are radiant, which means they do not heat or move the air. Instead, the radiation directly heats up the objects inside and the environment itself, such as the walls, tables, chairs and, of course, the people.
Underfloor heating also offers the benefit of being hidden out of sight. Unlike other types of heaters, they do not take up wall space or affect where furniture can be placed, as they are hidden beneath the floor itself. Because they spread under the entire area, there are no warm and cold spots close to and far away from the heater.
Heat pumps seem to be the most cost effective for smaller systems, with pellet boilers becoming more feasible the bigger the system becomes (generally above 30kW).
Although underfloor heating has often received a bad rap in South Africa, it is actually the most efficient form of heating, explains Ray Tewson, managing director of Warmup, a local manufacturer and supplier of underfloor heating systems. "Also, not only is it efficient, the comfort levels you get are unmatched when compared to other forms heating," he says.
Schröder has been around the block and is involved not only on the contracting and installation side, but also on the product manufacturing and supplying side. He says they have seen a definite increase in the popularity of particularly hydronic underfloor heating systems. "Hydro has been around 12–15 years locally. But it's really only over the past five years that the market on hydro floor heating has exploded. Not just commercially, but also domestically," he explains.
With so many obvious benefits, why isn't underfloor heating more popular in South Africa then?
The biggest resistance to hydro was the fact that the first companies who brought it into the country, didn't install it correctly and ever since, it has had a bad reputation. "Up until very recently, architects still questioned whether hydronic underfloor heating actually works," says Schröder. "This was a big issue from the start. People are also worried about leaks and there has been resistance. But now slowly but surely, the architects are getting used to it," says Schröder.
EcoSmart moved into the commercial and industrial market this year as well. As such, Stöhr has been focusing on meeting with engineers across the country to talk to them about the product. "Out of maybe 100 engineers, architects, and quantity surveyors I saw, only two even knew that the biomass boiler integrated with hydronic water underfloor heating option existed!" says Stöhr.
There is a misconception about heating in the market, explains Tewson. "Although heating is only usually used for three months a year in South Africa, it is calculated as an annual cost, lumping it together with air-conditioning cooling costs as well." Because of this, all types of radiant electric floor heating are seen as expensive to run and people instead spend money on less energy-efficient heating solutions such as oil heaters, electric bar heaters, gas heaters, and split air-conditioning units, instead of investing in a longer-term, more efficient solution for heating their home.
"Even if a client cannot afford the hydronic solution, it is important to advise them to put in electrical radiant floor heating as it is still more efficient and cost-effective than any of the alternatives," explains Tewson.
Various configurations of hydronic underfloor heating systems are available. A buffer storage tank with exchanger coil is one of the most common ones.
"Before the electricity prices went up in South Africa, everyone used to install electrical underfloor heating," explains Stöhr. "Most people still don't know that there is an alternative solution available in hydronic underfloor heating." This means that many people have put in electrical underfloor heating for large areas but never use it because it is too expensive to run.
When it comes to choosing between hydronic and electrical underfloor heating systems, there are pros and cons to both. Simplified, electrical offers a lower capital investment but hydronic is much cheaper to run.
As such, electrical is preferred for smaller areas while hydro is good for bigger spaces and especially applications that require heating 24/7. When it comes to smaller applications like a bathroom, which only needs heating for maybe three months of the year, electrical will work out cheaper.
"Hydronic floor heating doesn't lend itself to small areas," Schröder agrees. "It's not worth the costs." He says that generally, for anything bigger than 100m2, hydronic starts making sense and the running costs start balancing out the initial investment. But once you drop below 100m2, the costs escalate exponentially.
It is important to note that for retrofit applications, electrical underfloor is probably your best bet as hydronic requires about an extra 40–50mm floor height, which will affect the entire building levels, including things like doors and stairs.
Although currently about 90% of the products that Warmup sells into the local market are still for electrical underfloor heating systems, the hydronic side is growing fast, in particularly the commercial and industrial markets, explains Tewson.
Pioneer Floor Heating manufactures and installs both hydronic and electrical underfloor heating systems across the country. Schröder explains that they started off with electrical, as hydronic wasn't really available locally and the price of electricity was still negligible. But these days, about 70% of their business is hydronic systems.
Although Pioneer still moves about 450kW of electrical product every month in Johannesburg and surrounds, he explains that this is more for domestic and smaller, spot heating applications.
Installation cost may be further reduced for hydronic heating when installing an integrated biomass boiler system for all domestic hot water needs, as well as pool, Jacuzzi, radiator, towel rail, or fan coil heating.
Other than the usual domestic application, the possibilities for underfloor radiant heating are vast, explains Schröder.
Pioneer has been involved in many commercial applications, including the PwC tower in Midrand, the extension of the Rosebank Mall, Freedom Park, some government buildings, and even piping containers to be shipped for living quarters. Currently, they are busy with the Brits Hospital's staff accommodation, which boasts in excess of 86km of piping just for the hydronic system.
They have also been involved with providing underfloor heating for Woolworths. But here the heat is generated by means of heat recovery, virtually free as there is no heat source. The heat is generated as a by-product of the CO2 trans-critical refrigeration plant. The hot CO2 generated from the refrigerated plant is directed through a heat exchanger, which generates the hot water that is pumped back into the floor system. Thus, the only running cost comes from the circulation pump.
The Crown Technologies team have quoted on anything from yoga studios to butterfly farms and everything in-between. As the heat rises from the floor, it works particularly well in applications with large open areas and double-volume spaces, like airports for example, Britz says.
Electrical heating in particular works well in chicken batteries, explains Tewson. They have been supplying a number of hatcheries for many years now, improving the mortality rate of day-old chicks significantly. Traditionally, a large heat source is installed and the chicks huddle around it when it gets cold and as much as half of them die from dehydration within the first week. So, they installed underfloor heating instead and not only did it prevent the chicks from dying, their slaughter date moved up by a week as they could feed day and night now. It worked so well that underfloor heating was installed in seven more of that farmer's hatcheries.
Crocodile farms, veterinary clinic animal recovery enclosures, saunas, and so much more. If you require heating, underfloor is a good choice. Even frost protection of the surface below cold-storage rooms — there is a need for underfloor heating to prevent the sub-floor from freezing, cracking, and lifting, as well as preventing ice from building up, causing items either to stick to the floor or slide on slippery hazardous surfaces.
Before designing an underfloor heating system, it is important to know what you are working with. Firstly, you need to know the heat load of the area and how much heating is required, explains Britz.
Within any building, there would be a demand for a certain wattage per square metre, depending on the building's insulation and other contributing factors such as the type of bricks used and the resistance it offers. This helps the team calculate the size of the system. But as it can be tricky to get exact information from a client, they generally work on providing 100W per square metre.
You also need to look at running costs — how many hours a year the system will be required to run. This makes a huge difference because, as mentioned, electrical underfloor heating costs less to install while the running costs of hydronic is lower.
It is important to determine how many loops and pipes would be required for the system. According to Britz, the ideal pipe run is around 100m — 120m at a push. Anything bigger and you risk heat losses and pressure drops, making the system inefficient. Also, the more loops you have, the bigger the manifold has to be and the more actuators and hardware you need. For bigger areas, they would rather install multiple zones to get the most efficient solution.
There is more to underfloor heating than just the piping, though. How efficient and how effective your system is, will all depend on the heat source behind it.
Crown Technologies prefers heat pumps as a heat source as opposed to solar, specifically where you would need a large footprint. Not only that: with solar, it is hard to design for both summer and winter conditions without wasting any heat. That is why they often suggest hybrid systems, combining solar and heat pumps. By means of diversion of heat generated by solar collectors, it is possible to warm Jacuzzis or swimming pools, using the heat pumps as backup for periods of overcast weather.
"Heat pumps are still the most efficient heat source; you get the best coefficient of performance (COP) for the type of installations we do," explains Britz.
Pioneer also prefers using heat pumps as a heat source. "It offers the best capital layout versus running cost," says Schröder. He recently did a running cost comparison for a client, comparing the various heat sources and found heat pumps were by far the best value for money in the long term when compared to pellet boilers, electricity, and LPG gas.
When designing an underfloor system, it is important to get the most out of your heat source. Heat pumps do not like stop-starting and would rather run for longer periods, less frequently. As such, Pioneer designs these systems with a buffer tank rather, because generally, every time you have a circuit calling for hot water, the heat pump engages for one or two minutes and then switches off, stressing the compressor. You would rather have it come on once or twice an hour and run for 10 minutes and get the buffer tank up to temperature again and then switch off again. "It reduces the number of start-ups on the machine by 50–60%, which has a direct impact on the life expectancy of the machine," says Schröder.
When a client had a concern that the system was still using a lot of energy, Stöhr put a meter on the heat pump to track its energy usage. They found that the heat pump used 0.483kW just because it was on — not even when it was heating the water. It used almost 12kWh a day just by being on, which is not usually taken into account when calculating the efficiency of a heat pump. "The COPs are done under perfect conditions; it doesn't take all other factors into account," explains Stöhr.
The more things you heat with the pellet boiler, the quicker your return on investment. According to Stöhr, around 30kW is the dividing point — at 30kW the pellet boiler and heat pump capital outlay are pretty much on par. "Anything bigger than that and the pellet boiler starts becoming cheaper." It is a good investment for large installations like apartment blocks, or housing developments. They are currently doing an apartment block where they can reduce the electrical connection by 50% because they went for pellet burners instead of heat pumps in the end.
"What a heat pump uses in three days in winter, our pellet systems would use in a year, electricity wise," says Stöhr. With 1kg of pellets, you can generate 5.4kWh of energy. A tonne, which takes up roughly 1.2m3 of space, gives you 5 400kWh.
Note: Every single supplier I spoke to, provided their own calculations to prove in rand for watt value which system is more efficient. Some preferred heat pumps, some pellet boilers. Heat pumps seem to be the most cost effective for smaller systems, with pellet boilers becoming more feasible the bigger the system becomes. In the end, it will depend on the application. So, do your research for what you would need!
In terms of piping, you get what you pay for, says Schröder. But it is worth investing in imported piping with a 50-year guarantee. "The piping is built in under the slab; you want it to last at least 50 years." Pioneer mainly uses cross-polymer PEX pipe out of Europe. It is a multilayer cross-link pipe with three layers: two cross-linked layers of PEX and an oxygen EVOH barrier.
These systems are all closed-loop systems and they get filled once. A water treatment takes place, which displaces the oxygen out of the water so you don't have bacterial growth in the piping structure. If you do not use an oxygen-barrier pipe, you will have limited amounts of oxygen seepage through the actual wall of the pipe over prolonged periods. After a year or two, this will render your water treatment system useless, explains Schröder.
One of the most important things to consider when designing an underfloor heating system, is the temperature of the water that goes to the floor, explains Stöhr. The higher the temperatures used, the faster the deterioration of the water underfloor heating pipes. High water temperatures will heat the floor and thereby the room much faster; however, it will also be more difficult to control the set temperature of the room.
You have to calculate the water temperature according to the requirement and application, but it is generally 37–42°C —you shouldn't be going higher than that, Stöhr advises. Though, there are exceptions.
Pellet boilers are a good heat source for larger hydronic systems, especially integrated hot water systems.
The various experts interviewed have learnt a lot over the many years spent manufacturing, supplying, designing, and installing underfloor heating systems in this country. This is their advice for getting the most efficient, most effective systems.
Step two is making sure it is designed for the right capacity, Britz explains. If the system is designed under capacity in terms of the heat source, the area will never quite heat up enough and it will shorten the life expectancy of the equipment. Or if the wrong circuit breaker is installed, it will not be able to handle the heat source and it will keep tripping.
Another issue is not including the underfloor heating as part of the initial design. As it will affect the rest of the building, this has to be considered in the building plans from day one.
It is important to leave the installation of hydronic underfloor heating systems to the professionals, says Schröder. One of the biggest problems is incorrect circuit layouts. He says that often people will just phone up their local plumber to do the job — often to disastrous effect. The plumber will generally just loop a system and then loop the cold water return around, causing an uneven spread of temperature. Instead, you should loop the hot water and do a cold central return in-between the loops. That means an average spread of temperature between high and low. No matter where you are on the floor circuit, there will be an average spread of temperature.
Michael Carter of The Tech Butler, who does radiant heating and cooling installations locally, suggests rendering an energy model of the underfloor heating system before starting your design. This should be done after the heat load calculations.
Before starting on the design, you should also decide whether you are going to have a local thermostat in each room or a centrally controlled system, explains Carter. Other questions to ask before starting include: is there a plant room (or space for a plant room) for the hot water stores? Does the client want a combined hot water and underfloor system or separate systems? Do you require sound absorption?
"You would need to add 100mm extra to your floor level to accommodate for a hydronic underfloor system," he advises. A minimum of 45mm for the screed and 55mm for the piping and polystyrene.
Insulation is also key, and you need to be sure whether there is insulation in the slab. For a new build, this is now a non-negotiable requirement; however, it may present a challenge on refurb projects.
He also advises that when installing the piping for an underfloor hydronic system, the pipes should be tested under pressure and left while under construction to ensure that the installer is alerted when any of the pipes are cut accidentally.
The positioning of the manifold distribution boxes is crucial, and Carter advises to make sure they are installed for easy access.
According to Carter, a good rule of thumb to remember is that there is a 4°C difference between your feet and what it feels like at your head. "That's why 16°C at your feet will feel like 20°C at your head." That is also why thermostats should be installed head-height.
It is important to choose the right thermostat for your system as they range from basic to quite intelligent. There are simple thermostats, normally not very accurate, and will generally overshoot set temperatures, and then undershoot. The temperature variance in the room could be as much as 4–5°C. This influences energy usage. "The more accurate you get the thermostat, the more energy you will save," explains Stöhr.
Where possible, the manifold should be centralised to avoid long supply and return lead pipes.
When it comes to the actual underfloor system, you still get out what you put in, and there isn't much advancement other than materials becoming thinner and more durable. How efficient your system is will still depend on your heat source.
The major developments and energy saving have come in on the controllers and thermostat side. Thermostats have become 'smarter', says Tewson. The advanced, intelligent thermostats are set to your lifestyle and self-adjust accordingly so as to operate as efficiently and effectively as possible. Even telling you how much it is costing you in rand to run a particular system over a particular period. A new range of Wi-Fi and touch-screen thermostats can be controlled remotely from anywhere in the home or around the world.


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text:
import { round, roundValueSpecifiedByCourseSettings, roundScorePercentSpecifiedByCourseSettings, stringifyIgnoringFields, average } from 'app/shared/util/utils';

describe('Round', () => {
    it('Decimal length', () => {
        expect(round(14.821354, 4)).toBe(14.8214);
        expect(round(14.821354, 3)).toBe(14.821);
        expect(round(14.821354, 2)).toBe(14.82);
        expect(round(14.821354, 1)).toBe(14.8);
        expect(round(14.821354, 0)).toBe(15);
    });

    it('Turning points', () => {
        expect(round(2.4999999, 0)).toBe(2);
        expect(round(2.5, 0)).toBe(3);
        expect(round(2.55, 1)).toBe(2.6);
        expect(round(2.555, 2)).toBe(2.56);
        expect(round(2.5555, 3)).toBe(2.556);
        expect(round(2.55555, 4)).toBe(2.5556);
    });

    it('Other', () => {
        expect(round(9.99999999, 0)).toBe(10);
        expect(round(9.99999999, 1)).toBe(10);
        expect(round(5.55555555, 0)).toBe(6);
        expect(round(5.55555555, 1)).toBe(5.6);
        expect(round(1.00000001, 0)).toBe(1);
        expect(round(1.00000001, 1)).toBe(1.0);
    });

    it('should return NaN', () => {
        expect(round(Number.NaN, 2)).toBe(NaN);
        expect(round(Number.NaN, 1)).toBe(NaN);
        expect(round(9.9999, 0.5)).toBe(NaN);
    });
});

describe('Rounding of scores', () => {
    it('RoundScore', () => {
        expect(roundValueSpecifiedByCourseSettings(13.821354, { accuracyOfScores: 4 })).toBe(13.8214);
        expect(roundValueSpecifiedByCourseSettings(54.821354, { accuracyOfScores: 3 })).toBe(54.821);
        expect(roundValueSpecifiedByCourseSettings(0.821354, { accuracyOfScores: 2 })).toBe(0.82);
        expect(roundValueSpecifiedByCourseSettings(1000.821354, { accuracyOfScores: 1 })).toBe(1000.8);
        expect(roundValueSpecifiedByCourseSettings(4.821354, { accuracyOfScores: 0 })).toBe(5);
    });

    it('RoundScorePercent', () => {
        expect(roundScorePercentSpecifiedByCourseSettings(0, { accuracyOfScores: 4 })).toBe(0);
        expect(roundScorePercentSpecifiedByCourseSettings(0.222222, { accuracyOfScores: 3 })).toBe(22.222);
        expect(roundScorePercentSpecifiedByCourseSettings(0.5, { accuracyOfScores: 2 })).toBe(50);
        expect(roundScorePercentSpecifiedByCourseSettings(0.7999999, { accuracyOfScores: 1 })).toBe(80);
        expect(roundScorePercentSpecifiedByCourseSettings(1, { accuracyOfScores: 0 })).toBe(100);
    });
});

describe('stringifyIgnoringFields', () => {
    it('should ignore nothing', () => {
        expect(stringifyIgnoringFields({})).toBe(JSON.stringify({}));
        expect(stringifyIgnoringFields({}, 'a', 'b')).toBe(JSON.stringify({}));
        expect(stringifyIgnoringFields({ a: 'a' }, 'b')).toBe(JSON.stringify({ a: 'a' }));
        expect(stringifyIgnoringFields({ a: 'a' })).toBe(JSON.stringify({ a: 'a' }));
    });

    it('should ignore fields', () => {
        expect(stringifyIgnoringFields({ a: 1 }, 'a')).toBe(JSON.stringify({}));
        expect(stringifyIgnoringFields({ a: 1, c: 2, b: 3 }, 'a', 'b')).toBe(JSON.stringify({ c: 2 }));
        expect(stringifyIgnoringFields({ b: 1, c: 3 }, 'c', 'b')).toBe(JSON.stringify({}));
    });
});

describe('average', () => {
    it('should return an average of 0 for an empty array', () => {
        expect(average([])).toBe(0);
    });

    it('should return the average for a non-empty array', () => {
        expect(average([10])).toBe(10);
        expect(average([1, 3])).toBe(2);
        expect(average([1, 5, 4, 8])).toBe(4.5);
    });
});

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Very quickly we find ourselves at the beginning of Jesus' ministry in Mark's Gospel. Mark didn't take long to lay his groundwork and get into the core of the Message itself, and because there are few long teachings in Mark, this moment is crucial.
John the Baptist does not just prepare the way for Jesus, he foreshadows Jesus' life and what will become of the disciples as well. In this way, John is the first to show us what it means to be a disciple. Mark's readers are Christians who are suffering acute persecution, and many have seen their friend and relatives "handed over" to the Roman authorities to be persecuted and killed for their faith. We often wonder why God's children suffer, and Mark's readers are surely asking the same difficult and heart-wrenching questions.
The word "gospel" here literally translates as "good news." John has been taken to prison, Mark's readers suffer under acute persecution, and we often feel bits and pieces of their pain and anguish. And yet, at precisely that moment, Mark tells us Jesus is good news.
Jesus Christ transcends my circumstances. Jesus is good news when life is rich and full of joy, and Jesus is good news when peace is a million miles away. My relationship with Jesus is primary to my circumstances. It is not my current situation that gives meaning to my relationship with Jesus; it is the relationship that gives meaning and hope to my circumstances. The richness and depth in my relationship with Christ does not flow from my state of affairs; it is something that provides grounding and stability in all conditions.
May Christ enter your life speaking the good news of God.


text:
4 Ways To Catch The Emmys Red Carpet Online
Jason Merritt/Getty Images Entertainment/Getty Images
I love everything about the Emmys — rooting for my favorite shows, watching people feign shock when they're named the winner, and the jokes that are either hilarious or fall hilariously flat. But, like many fashion-loving TV fans, I'd have to say the red carpet is my favorite part of the evening. There's nothing more enjoyable than putting on sweats, eating popcorn, and watching Hollywood's most glamorous stars answer the question "who are you wearing?" If you don't have cable, you're probably wondering where to stream the 2015 Emmy Awards red carpet.
There's no need to be concerned, because the trusty Internet has got you covered for all your red carpet viewing needs. And, luckily, there are multiple options available in case one site decides to not cooperate on TV's biggest night. E! Online is my personal go-to, because its correspondents just take the red carpet so darn seriously (as they should). But, I may end up toggling tabs a bit this year — mainly because Elle's former Creative Director Joe Zee is hosting the coverage on Yahoo and he's sure to have plenty to say about how everyone's red carpet looks stack up.
Here are four ways to ensure you don't miss a single gown — the good, the bad, or the "what were they thinking?!"
For those of us addicted to red carpet coverage, E! Online is a godsend because they totally understand that no one should be deprived of watching all those glamorous arrivals. Because the red carpet shindig itself isn't enough, E! will begin their coverage at 4:30 p.m. EST with Countdown to the Red Carpet, hosted by Giuliana Rancic and Brad Goreski. At 6 p.m., the real fun begins when Rancic and Ryan Seacrest host two glorious hours of Live From the Red Carpet. Over 20 cameras will be on hand covering the arrivals, so you can rest assured that you won't miss a moment of the action — Glam Cam 360 and Mani Cam included, naturally.
Yahoo TV & Yahoo Style
Catch the red carpet show on both Yahoo TV and Yahoo Style beginning at 6:30 p.m. EST. Yahoo Style Editor-In-Chief Joe Zee (former Creative Director of Elle) will host the coverage, assisted by fashion correspondent June Ambrose and arrivals correspondent Amy Paffrath. If you can't get enough of Yahoo's coverage, catch them on the other side of the Emmy broadcast — post-show coverage will begin at 11 p.m. EST.
If E! and Yahoo aren't cooperating, head over to UStream — it's usually a safe bet that one of their users will be broadcasting the show live.
Alberto E. Rodriguez/Getty Images Entertainment/Getty Images
The minute a gown makes its first appearance on the red carpet, it'll be on Twitter. So if you can live without the red carpet chatter and are solely interested in seeing the stars' attire, your social media accounts will be your best friend on Sunday night.
Happy red carpet viewing!
Images: Getty; Giphy (3)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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2How do you get paid?
3How long do you want the loan for?


I would like to personally thank all of you for hiring Scott Le Roy to assist us with eEdge. His service is one of the best tools you could have given the Realtors.
As you may know, I know a little about websites, but in the past when we have been stuck with an KW website issue with we had to wait quite a while and even then maybe or maybe not the issue would be resolved.
With Scott all of the has been fixed!
He answers questions promptly and provides great feedback. He is a true asset to our organization.


Yesterday was the first time church was canceled due to snow since starting my pastorate. Our church certainly wasn't the only one, but it still feels weird – canceling church?
I don't recall it happening for me before. The church I grew up in was on a major road that was treated rather quickly in a snow emergency. Attendance may have dwindled on snow days, but I don't recall cancellations. In college, a snow day actually helped church attendance – it was a minuscule town and the two churches were about the only places you could get to on a snowy Sunday. And then my seminary years were spent in sunny southern California – no breaks for the preacher between December and April out there.
Don't hear me wrong – there was certainly good reason to cancel yesterday. This is a rural area and those mountain roads were horrible.
But, what does it mean to cancel church? Church cancellations were displayed on the local news channel and I couldn't help but notice a few of them were worded "so-and-so church: morning worship canceled." Worship is canceled? Could you imagine a town, state, or entire region in which God is not worshiped on a given Sunday morning? Or what about on a given day? Good thing it didn't snow when Jesus died for our sins.
Let's not mistakenly say that worship is canceled. It is at the very least a work-from-home situation. God must be worshiped – and not only on Sundays, but every day of our lives. It is our job as Christians, and God deserves it! I wonder how many Christians from yesterday's canceled churches worshiped God at home versus how many thought they had the day off.
The physical gathering of the people of God may be impossible due to the weather; but our union as the Body of Christ is never hindered. The next time it snows on a Sunday remember that the gathering called "church" may not happen, but worship is never canceled.


Texas A&M Aggies is playing on Thursday August 29th, 2019 at Kyle Field Parking Lots in College Station.
Texas A&M player suspended after arrest according to KIII TV3. COLLEGE STATION, TX (KXXV) - A Texas A M football player was arrested Friday night for pushing his girlfriend to the ground. College station police said 20-year-old Josh Walker, a junior linebacker for the Aggies , was arrested and charged with assault.
Texas A&M: Time to get previous the 8-get mark according to Houston Chronicle. In other words, A M needs to make the most of Garrett's turn-flopped presence while it can. He can once more team with many other end Daeshon Hall to give the Aggies a solid move-dashing tandem bike. The couple put together for 19 sacks previous season, with Garrett.


text:
Lead Your Team Managing
Hold the Flowers! What Your Assistant Really Wants
By Chad Brooks, Writer April 17, 2013 04:32 pm EST
. / Credit: Secretary Image via Shutterstock
Nearly all executives agree that their job would be a lot more difficult without the helping hand from their assistants, a new study finds.
Research from staffing firm OfficeTeam revealed that 94 percent of senior managers believe their administrative professional is important to their success at work, and more than 90 percent — a 25 percentage-point increase since 2005 — think support staff should get the recognition they deserve during next week's Administrative Professionals Day.
"Managers are busier than ever and rely increasingly on their assistants to help address business needs," said OfficeTeam executive director Robert Hosking. "Although it's important to recognize the efforts of all employees throughout the year, Administrative Professionals Day provides a unique opportunity to give thanks to a group whose daily contributions often occur behind the scenes."
[Easy (And Cheap!) Ways to Reward Your Employees]
OfficeTeam offers executives several ideas for recognizing employees not only during next week's Administrative Professionals Week, but throughout the rest of the year, including the following:
Acknowledge outstanding team members at a staff meeting so the feedback is public.
Handwrite a thank-you note acknowledging someone's great work.
Offer gift cards for coffee or the movies to employees who go above and beyond on a project.
Feature standout staff in the company newsletter.
Encourage employees to become active in professional associations and reimburse them for membership dues.
In celebration of Administrative Professionals Week, OfficeTeam is offering a free webinar, "Using Intuition to Advance Your Career," on April 23 at 2 p.m. EDT. It will provide advice on how workers can use observation, analysis and similar abilities to help get ahead.
The research was based on surveys of more than 1,000 senior managers at companies with at least 20 employees.
Follow Chad Brooks on Twitter @cbrooks76 or BusinessNewsDaily @BNDarticles. We're also on Facebook & Google+.
Chad Brooks is a Chicago-based writer and editor with nearly 20 years in media. A 1998 journalism graduate of Indiana University, Chad began his career with Business News Daily in 2011 as a freelance writer. In 2014, he joined the staff full time as a senior writer. Before Business News Daily, Chad spent nearly a decade as a staff reporter for the Daily Herald in suburban Chicago, covering a wide array of topics including local and state government, crime, the legal system and education. Chad has also worked on the other side of the media industry, promoting small businesses throughout the United States for two years in a public relations role. His first book, How to Start a Home-Based App Development Business, was published in 2014. He lives with his wife and daughter in the Chicago suburbs.
How to Find a Mentor
Grab Your Headphones: 50 Inspirational Songs for Entrepreneurs
12 Secrets to Keeping Employees Happy Without a Raise
Workable Review: Best Recruiting Software for Small Business
Zoho Review: Best Overall CRM Software
Best Professional Employer Organizations (PEOs) for 2019
lead-your-team
After the Interview: Sample Thank-You Letters
How to Make Your Small Business One of the Best Places to Work


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Home › The Crates › Official government footage of U.S. Navy observing a UFO (Video)
Official government footage of U.S. Navy observing a UFO (Video)
By DJ Blendz on 9 Mar 2018 • ( 0 )
GO FAST is the third of three official USG videos selected for release after official review by multiple government organizations. While To The Stars Academy of Arts & Science was the first to obtain a copy, it should be available to any member of the press or public via the Freedom of Information Act. This footage was captured by a U.S. Navy F/A-18 Super Hornet using the Raytheon ATFLIR Pod that was being operated by a highly trained aerial observer and weapons system operator whom the government has spent millions of dollars to train. Go Fast reveals a previously undisclosed Navy encounter that occurred off the East Coast of the United States in 2015 and the object in view remains unidentified…
‹ Intercepted Podcast: Covert history, revolutionary hip-hop, and the politics of empire (Stream)
"They probably call this old-school cause a n– ain't mumbling" (Video) ›
Tags: To The Stars Academy of Arts & Sciences, U.S. Navy, UFO's, unidentified aerial phenomena


Need help navigating CEDU earnings?
ChinaEdu (NASDAQ: CEDU) is expected to post its Q3 earnings at $0.14 per share on revenue of $21.87 million.
Rick's Cabaret International (NASDAQ: RICK) is projected to post its Q4 earnings at $0.15 per share on revenue of $28.57 million.
WPCS International (NASDAQ: WPCS) is expected to post its Q2 earnings.
FuelCell Energy (NASDAQ: FCEL) is estimated to post a Q4 loss at $0.03 per share on revenue of $44.83 million.


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Interested in a PLAGIARISM-FREE paper based on these particular instructions?...with 100% confidentiality?
Communication and Labor Relatoins Issues" Review the video below titled "Active Constructive Responding" (5 min 34 s). Click here to access the video if it is not playing correctly below. Next, describe a scenario within your organization or an organization you are familiar with that was similar to the scenario shown in the video. Describe which of the four (4) communication responses from the video occurred in your chosen scenario. Determine one (1) way the individual(s) in your scenario could have improved the response to ensure that it falls within the active constructive response criteria. Justify your response. Review the video below titled "Hong Kong protests over low wages" (2 min 6 s). Click here to access the video if it is not playing correctly below. Next, explain the purpose of two (2) key laws governing U.S. employment; then, determine how Hong Kong's government could use the same two (2) laws to help these struggling low-income workers. Justify your response.
July 31, 2017 Susan Njenga
Communication and Labor Relatoins Issues" Review the video below titled "Active Constructive Responding" (5 min 34 s). Click here to access the video if it is not playing correctly below. Next, describe a scenario within your organization or an organization you are familiar with that was similar to the scenario shown in the video. Describe which of the four (4) communication responses from the video occurred in your chosen scenario. Determine one (1) way the individual(s) in your scenario could have improved the response to ensure that it falls within the active constructive response criteria. Justify your response.
Review the video below titled "Hong Kong protests over low wages" (2 min 6 s). Click here to access the video if it is not playing correctly below. Next, explain the purpose of two (2) key laws governing U.S. employment; then, determine how Hong Kong's government could use the same two (2) laws to help these struggling low-income workers. Justify your response.
Linking Strategy to HRM Practices Read the table on pages 317 and 318 "Examples of Transformational Events Associated with HR Process" from your textbook. Create a similar table, with at least 3 levels, using specific details on the organization you are researching for the Capstone project. Offer a 200-250 word explanation on the decisions you have made on the table. Use at least one scholarly source other than the textbook to support your id
Get an A+| Custom, PLAGIARISM-FREE Papers All rights reserved.


While on hiatus from her late night talk show, Mo'Nique is apparently keeping busy at the gym. BET's "The Monique Show" was halted indefinitely last July, providing the actress with more time to maintain the slimmed-down physique that she discussed with viewers on her show early last year.
"I want to get to 180," she told audience members during the premier season of her show. "That's an amazing weight for me. I'm still a thick girl but it's a healthy weight."
The actress initially dropped 45 pounds, according to People magazine, going from a weight of 262 to 217.
In an interview with Black Voices last year, Mo'Nique shared more details on how she planned to reach her weight-loss goal.
Well, at least five times a week, Mo'Nique is up at 5:30 a.m. getting it in at the gym. She works for an hour with a trainer who keeps the routines exciting by having the comedienne do everything from weight training, boxing, and football drills to sprinting, pull-ups on the dip bar and, on warm days, jogging outdoors. Her workouts have increased in intensity and frequency over time, with her starting out with three times a week two years ago.
In recent months, the actress has taken to Twitter to demonstrate how she does it, and to inspire others to do the same.
Here, a look at Mo'Nique's workout regimen in tweets.


The Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) sold 207 billion naira in treasuries on Thursday to mop up liquidity, a day after it raised more money than planned via a debt auction as it moved to keep borrowing costs high to support the currency, traders said.
The bank is aggressively mopping up funds from the banking system to help curb inflation and battle weakness in the local currency. This is pushing up costs, especially for the government, which is battling to contain a widening deficit.
It sold six-bill open market bills (OMO) at 17.95 percent, higher than the 16.8 percent it paid to place the same maturity at the auction on Wednesday.
"They are mopping up liquidity at all cost, whereas the government is trying to reduce borrowing costs," one trader said.
"It seems like the central bank and the debt office have conflicting interests," another trader said.
Central Bank Governor Godwin Emefiele has said he expects rates to remain tight to support the portfolio inflows and the currency. The bank is due to decide on interest rates on Tuesday and most analysts expect it to leave the benchmark on hold at 14 percent.
Overnight rates had started to inch up, traders said. Money market rates opened at 11 percent on Thursday after they hovered between nine and 10 percent the previous day.
The naira traded at around 360 to the dollar on Thursday for investors, who have been offering to sell the U.S. currency at 365, close to the black market rate of 367.
A banking system liquidity shortfall which hit 59 billion naira on Wednesday was expected to widen to more than 100 billion, traders said.
Nigeria emerged from recession in the second quarter as oil revenues rose, but the pace of the recovery has been slow. The government has struggled to boost income, suggesting its deficit and short-term borrowing could rise further.
Africa's biggest economy has a series of debt issues lined up this year, but it has struggled to tap concessionary funds especially from the World Bank. It was planning for a shortfall of $7.5 billion for its 2017 budget, which could widen.
Rate-setter Doyin Salami said central bank investments in government treasury bills had risen 30 percent to 454 billion naira since December, leaving the bank providing "piggy bank" services to the state.


3/01/2010�� The Numbers Job � TGRFO ID Journal Entry 10: I've been told to forge false entries in the ledger at in . I need to complete this job without killing any of the location's residents or getting caught and spending time in jail.... Here's a tip: add code to your invoices that identify the customer, date or job number. Goods and Services Tax � the Australian Taxation Office (ATO) requires specific company and sales information to be included to issue a valid tax invoice .
21/08/2018�� In the US, recent jobs reports have generally been met with enthusiasm and positivity. Unemployment continues to drop to 10-year lows and most economists believe America is approaching �full employment.� Wage growth remains in positive territory. And yet, people are angry. Blue-collar... Hi We have a similar requirement. To resolve we have used the tracking functionality (under settings) in Xero to create "Project" codes or in your case job numbers.
Review this guide to job search email etiquette to learn more about what to write in your job search emails, how to format your email, how to make sure your email message is read, and sample job search email messages.
4/09/2013�� Become a Registered Member (free) to remove the ads that appear in thread area. Click here to reset your password. You MUST have a valid e-mail address so that you may receive the instructions to complete the reset.


"Le Miroir." Cover for Vogue, published November 15, 1927. Watercolor and ink on paper. 387x279 mm; 15 1/4x11 inches. Signed and dated "Geo Lepape, 1927" in lower left image, titled on verso. Darkened pinholes in corners, occasional slight discoloration at extreme edges, remnants of prior matting along verso edges.


text:
Q: Definer of Stored Procedure Most of the stored procedures has been created as a root at % or 'someUser' @ localhost
When I copy the procedure to another server, it does not work since the user 'someUser' is not there. The relevant line in dump file is shown below.
/*!50003 CREATE*/ /*!50020 DEFINER=`root`@`%`*/ /*!50003 PROCEDURE `SP_Name`(in dt varchar(10))

How do I successfully run the procedure on other server without creating an user there?

A: Change the 'username' in the DEFINER clause to the user that is running on the new server.
/*!50003 CREATE*/ /*!50020 DEFINER=`[new_server_user]`@`%`*/ /*!50003 PROCEDURE `SP_Name`(in dt varchar(10))

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Q: Can't connect to WebSocket using Socket.io | WS I'm trying to connect to wss://csgoexo.com/socket.io/ using socket.io-client@2.4.0. I really don't understand what I'm doing wrong. Could you help me, I can pay for it, I'm seriously tired of this. I also used "ws" library - all the same. Code:
const Io = require("socket.io-client"); //2.4.0

async function wsConnect(){
  const socket = Io('wss://csgoexo.com/socket.io/', {
    transports: ["websocket"],
    extraHeaders: {
      "User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_15_7) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/95.0.4638.54 Safari/537.36",
      "Origin": "https://csgoexo.com"
    }
  });

  socket.on('connect', () => {
    console.log('Connected!', {id: socket.id});
  });
  // socket.on('close', (reason) => {
  //   console.log(reason)
  // })
  socket.on("disconnect", (reason) => {
    console.log('Disconnected', reason)
    if (reason === "io server disconnect") {
      // the disconnection was initiated by the server, you need to reconnect manually
      socket.connect();
    }
    // else the socket will automatically try to reconnect
  });
  socket.on("connect_error", (error) => {
    console.log(error)
  });
}

wsConnect();

https://www.piesocket.com/ - it works with this service.
Error: 403. 'Unexpected server response: 403', CloseCode: 1006


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International Investor Award Winner
OMAN LNG
Oman Liquefied Natural Gas LLC (Oman LNG) is a joint venture established by a Royal Decree in 1994 and operates under the laws of the Sultanate of Oman. The Company engages in the business of producing and selling Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) and its by-product Natural Gas Liquids (NGLs). Last year the company reached a record high production rate of 10.4 million tonnes per annum. Since the inception, over 2,400 cargoes of LNG have been safely and reliably produced and delivered to various destinations around the globe.
HSE is the centre-piece of Oman LNG's world-class operations which enabled the company to break safety milestones to stand now at over 32 million man-hours worked without Lost-Time Injury (LTI). The company has strengthened its excellence in social responsibility by establishing "Oman LNG Development Foundation" in 2015, which today covers over 6,350 sustainable projects that extend across the entire country.
Visit OMAN LNG Website ⟶
About International Investor
International Investor Magazine
An online publication that provides insights, news and visual informative pieces with topics ranging from world markets, investing opportunities, industry analysis and so much more. All content is dedicated to the global investment community that wants to take a step ahead.
About International Investor ⟶
International Investor
International Investor Magazine © 2020. All Rights Reserved. Privacy Policy Cookie Policy


text:
<?php
defined('BASEPATH') OR exit('No direct script access allowed');

class Formulaire extends MY_Controller {

	public function index() {
		$this->load->model(array('Annonces_m','Updates_m','Users_m'));
		$user = $this->Users_m->getCurrentUser();

		$this->data['user_id'] = $user->id;
		$this->lang->load('global', $user->lang);

		$this->load->view('template', $this->data);
	}
}


LeaderSHIP... Time to Set Sail!
Home PHRRMCY LeaderSHIP… Time to Set Sail!
1.0 The action of leading a group of people or an organization.
1.2 treated as singular or plural The leaders of an organization, country, etc.
Can it really be that simply defined?
There are many books, programmes, seminars, talks, workshops and events on the subject and the Mary Seacole programme will be another take.
One thing is for certain and that it has many interpretations and ways of defining it.
1.0 The ability to do something that frightens one; bravery.
Courage is the hardest trait to possess!
To have the mental and moral strength to persevere regardless of repercussions.
Unfortunately titles and positions are usually confused with leadership but they just create authority and more responsibility.
None of which mean you're a leader in my eyes anyway!
Rules and structure are good as they help create structure and discipline in an organisation, but without the right type of leadership in place they create boundaries and lead to stagnation.
It takes courage to evolve with the changes occurring to bend the rules for the greater good, to become a trailblazer to change and not a pathfinder! To help improve the organisation or biz you are part of and indeed in healthcare its about improving patient outcomes!
But remember anybody could be a leader.
We can all be leaders in some form or another, if we learn to take charge, to assign time to personal growth, to mentor those in need to find more ways to give than to take, you certainly go above being a leader you become a better you and a better human.


text:
Julianne Holt-Lunstad, PhD
Julianne Holt-Lunstad
Professor of Psychology and Neuroscience
Email: julianne.holt-lunstad@byu.edu
1024 SWKT Provo, UT 84602
Dr. Holt-Lunstad's research is focused on the long-term health effects of social connection. Her work has been seminal in the recognition of social isolation and loneliness as risk factors for early mortality. Dr. Holt-Lunstad has worked with government organizations aimed at addressing this issue. She has provided expert testimony in a US Congressional Hearing, provided expert recommendations for the US Surgeon General Emotional Well-Being in America Initiative, and is currently a member of the technical working group for the UK Cross Departmental Loneliness Team. She also serves as a scientific advisor for the Australian Coalition to End Loneliness, the Foundation for Art & Healing, and research advisory panel for AARP Services, Inc., United Healthcare, and Rural Aging. She has been awarded the Citation Award for Excellence in Research by the Society of Behavioral Medicine, the George A. Miller Award from the American Psychological Association, the Mary Lou Fulton Young Scholar Award, the Marjorie Pay Hinkley Endowed Chair Research Award, and is a Fellow for the Association of Psychological Science. Her work has been highlighted in the BBC 100 Breakthrough Health Discoveries in 2015, and has been covered in the New York Times, The Washington Post, Time Magazine, Scientific American, This American Life, The Today Show, and other major media outlets.
Professor Holt-Lunstad runs the Social Connections and Health Research Laboratory at BYU.
© 2020 BYU FHSS computing Services. All right reserved.


text:
#ifndef PQRTEST_H
#define PQRTEST_H

#include <QtTest>

class PqrTest : public QObject
{
    Q_OBJECT

    private slots:
        void initTestCase();
        void read();
};

#endif // PQRTEST_H


Health Minister Aaron Motsoaledi had a lot of news to share on Thursday when he presented both the National Health Insurance and the Medical Schemes Amendment bills. But one of the pressing questions – exactly how NHI will be paid for – largely went unanswered.
Instead' the minister said it was up to the Treasury to determine funding. And he stuck to the adage that a spoonful of sugar makes the medicine go down' it seems – he promised the country would not do something unaffordable.
Replying to concerns on how medical aids would survive if the suggestion in the Medical Schemes Amendment Bill that co-payments be scrapped is adopted' he said he was "quite sure they will manage".
Motsoaledi did reveal there would be a single fund to pay for all health services in the country' both state and private. Contribution to the fund would be mandatory and it would purchase all health services for both private and state patients.
Health Minister Aaron Motsoaledi outlined changes proposed in the Medical Schemes Amendment Bill at a media briefing on June 21 2018. Here are six you need to know about.


text:
<!DOCTYPE html>

        <title>Intermediate SimpleWebRTC Demo</title>

Start a room

        <button id="screenShareButton"></button>

        <form id="createRoom">
            <input id="sessionInput"/>
            <button type="submit">Create it!</button>
        </form>

            <video id="localVideo" style="height: 150px;" oncontextmenu="return false;"></video>

Usage

This SimpleWebRTC demo is a close copy of &Yet's demo, with very minimal changes to make it work with XirSys services and signalling.  As such, this demo is not intended to be an example of an end user application.


Uhmmm, inquiring minds want to know- What did you have to do to get all those beads?
Here are some photos from yesterday- Lundi Gras. We should have some from Mardi Gras as events unfold.
Got to spend the past week sailing around the BVIs. Almost caught a lobster, too. Here's some pictures of The Baths at Devil's Bay, Virgin Gorda. Time for a new sticker, I think. This one is showing its age.
This right here has got to be top 5 of all time Represents! Tremendous!!!
Hi Joey, Here are some photos from a recent trip to the Philippines. These were fun photos to take. I did so much diving–it was nice break to pose with the sticker instead of look at fish. But know I think I need a new sticker!!
GMG Represents from 3000 leagues under the sea.
Overlooking Turtle Bay on the island of Cebu, The Philippines.


text:
EPA Releases Hydraulic Fracturing Study Plan
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has released its final plan to study the effect of natural gas production through hydraulic fracturing techniques on drinking-water resources.
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has released its final plan to study the effect of natural gas production through hydraulic fracturing techniques on drinking-water resources. The study will follow the water used in the hydraulic fracturing process throughout its usage cycle from acquisition to treatment and disposal.
Most notably, the study will include prospective and retrospective case studies designed to assess the actual impacts from existing well operations.
Study Sites Identified
Seven study sites were selected with citizen input, representing diverse regions and geologies. The prospective studies will be conducted in Washington County, Pennsylvania and Parish, Louisiana. The retrospective studies will be done in Dunn County, North Dakota; Wise and Denton Counties, Texas; Washington County, Pennsylvania; Bradford and Susquehanna Counties, Pennsylvania; and Las Animas County, Colorado.
In addition to the case studies, the report will include lab studies, toxicity assessments, scenario evaluation modeling, and a review of existing data gathered through academic peer review, state and federal agencies, and requests for information from industry.
Because of the high stakes associated with the study's results, EPA has spent significant resources developing the study's parameters. EPA began preparing for this study in March 2010 following a request from Congress. During the past year and half, EPA has met with more than 3,500 stakeholders at public meetings and accepted more than 5,000 written comments.
Federal Oversight Questioned
Despite this stakeholder engagement, Arkansas State Rep. Andrea Lea (R-Russellville), whose district sits atop the Fayetteville Shale, is not sure the EPA should be in charge of hydraulic fracturing regulation.
"The federal government's role should be as an information source, such as the U.S. Geological Survey, properly equipping state legislatures to make the decisions for their residents," said Lea. "Too many regulations stemming from EPA actions are one-size-fits-all and do not take into account the culture and the needs of Arkansas and her landowners."
Katrina Currie, a policy analyst at the Pennsylvania-based Commonwealth Foundation, agreed, saying a federal takeover of hydraulic fracturing oversight by the EPA would only reduce Pennsylvania's environmental protection.
"It is the local agents who daily have feet on the ground monitoring drilling and who understand the fracking process, needed precautions, and the area's history who are best equipped to handle local situations," said Currie.
Industry groups have resisted EPA's movement to regulate hydraulic fracturing at the federal level. Dan Whitten, vice president for strategic communication at America's Natural Gas Alliance, says natural gas development is best regulated at the state level.
"ANGA continues to believe that state regulatory professionals are best qualified to assess the unique geological characteristics of the shale plays in their region and the appropriate water disposal requirements that arise from those conditions," said Whitten in a press statement. "As EPA officials move forward we encourage them to partner with the states and take into serious consideration state regulators' existing on-the-ground expertise and ongoing oversight activities."
EPA expects to make preliminary findings in 2012 with a final report expected in 2014.
John Monaghan (jmonaghan@heartland.org) is the legislative specialist for energy and environment issues at the Heartland Institute.
Internet Info:
Hydraulic Fracturing, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency: http://water.epa.gov/type/groundwater/uic/class2/hydraulicfracturing/index.cfm
Energy Environment
Montana Utility Requests Solar Rate Change to Cover Costs
By Kelsey Hackem
PRESS RELEASE: Heartland Institute Experts React to Climate Emergency Resolution in Congress
By James Taylor, H. Sterling Burnett, Anthony Watts
Legislative Pulse: Examining Climate Change, Coal, and Environmental Protection in Pennsylvania
By H. Sterling Burnett
Maine Legislature Considers Creating Statewide Electricity Monopoly
By Bonner R. Cohen


The state of Kerala is still reeling from the shock of witnessing the massive floods that took place this past monsoon season. At this tragic time, words have no place. All we can do is rise to the occasion, think positively and take to action. This is the most important thing now.
Amma's heart is deeply pained when she thinks about those who lost their loved ones and livelihoods in the disaster. Amma feels their pain and prays to the Paramatman that they may regain their self-confidence and attain happiness, peace and prosperity.
When people are undergoing such an extreme crisis, just feeling sorry for them is of no use. We should also empathise with them and express that empathy through love and selfless service. The response and service we saw invoked by the floods is living proof that the mental strength and compassion needed for this empathy is always alive within us.
When the rain beat down incessantly, flooding the rivers and starting landslides, turning Kerala into an ocean of disaster, people here forgot all divisions. Separations of caste, creed and religion disappeared. Thoughts of rich and poor, high and low, all vanished. Party politics faded away. All thoughts and actions flowed in one direction, toward a single goal. Due to this, people had no difficulty in understanding and supporting one another. Moreover, they found the strength to overcome all obstacles. Hearts came together as one, and only compassion flowed. Actually, it overflowed, and we saw a second ocean rising from the floods— an ocean of compassion.
Here, at our university, too, several hundred students worked together for days on end to help rescue people trapped in life-threatening situations. They established a Help Line and worked its lines 24 hours a day, without caring about food or sleep. They were able to bring timely help to many people in many areas. What invoked their unified response was the love and compassion they felt towards those trapped by the floods. The selfless love they experienced made their actions extremely beautiful and successful, and an inspiration to everyone.
During those days, they did not think of "me" and "them." The power of compassion raised them to the unified awareness of "we." It was this awareness that guided them forward. If we can always kindle this miraculous force within us, our lives will flow as smoothly and beautifully as a river. This doesn't mean there won't be obstacles, but those obstacles will not be able to stop us. Life will move forward like a river's flow, going around and beyond everything, overcoming all obstructions.
With his limited strength and intelligence, man cannot stop natural disasters from happening. However, we can extend a hand to help and heal those who have been plunged into misery by these catastrophes. During such times, we are spontaneously able to express our compassion and love through our words and deeds. This strength is inherent in us. That is why it awakens in crises such as this. Only that which is inside the mind can come to be expressed outside. However, people are unable to sustain the bright flame of compassion and the strength to face and overcome any obstacle that they feel during such crises. These soon die away. Before we know it, people begin diverging back into their religious, political and communal groups. They start finding fault and clashing with each other. How much time and energy is wasted in such useless conflicts.
1. Just as humans have their system of laws, Nature also her laws as well. We have to understand and abide by Nature's laws. We should have the awareness that, in fact, Nature governs all the governments of the world.
2. We should always have the awareness that the Nature we behold is a massively powerful force. Before its immense strength, mankind is incredibly trivial and helpless. Hence it is crucial to approach Nature with respect and reverence.
3. It can take only a moment for Nature to take back everything she has so benevolently bestowed upon us.
Our desires have increased one by one, and in our rush to fulfil them, we have been abusing Nature. What we are seeing now is Nature's retaliation. When we lost our dharma, Nature lost hers too. Just as each nation has a set code of laws, the universe too has a set code of conduct called dharma. It is this code that maintains the harmony of life. This code of conduct is applicable to all countries and all people equally. For example, there is a set of road rules that we all have to obey when we drive. If we do not obey them, saying, "I will drive however I like," then we will only be endangering ourselves.
The more space we create in our heart for others, the more happiness and contentment we will feel. The law of the universe and of life is selflessness. This is why selfish and egoistic people are unable to wholeheartedly enjoy life and be happy: because their behaviour is out of tune with the law of the universe. This creation unfolds to the same tune and beat. Understanding this, when we fall in line with this law, peace, happiness and prosperity automatically become ours.
The love and compassion that overflows from our heart is the power that leads us to victory. How was Kerala saved from the great floods? What saved the lives of hundreds of thousands of people? It was the love and compassion that filled the hearts of people all over. This strength destroys all barriers and joins all hearts on a single string. May this love and compassion ever illuminate our hearts.


Today was another long day, and I'm beat, and this is going to be a relatively short post. Sorry, but we'll have to save the major introspective recap for later.
Things started off relatively flat.
At one point I was going about 80 when this guy passed me at a good clip. That was super sweet.
Later in the day, I passed this power plant, which I had seen on my way East. Turns out, it is the Escalante Station, a power plant that provides electricity to 250,000 people.
When I got to Gallup, I got off the highway and drove through town. I stayed at the Road Runner once. That was probably about 15 years ago.
As I was driving through town, a freight train went roaring past, bound for points west.
Earl's Family Restaurant was welcoming the stuffed bell pepper. How 1950's of them.
Next door to Earl's was another groovy restaurant, and I had to get a pic.
Later on, I passed the Cholla Power Plant that I had also passed on Day 2, shortly after leaving Winslow, AZ.
Eventually, we made it to California. When we got to Barstow, I found a Starbuck's that had free WiFi and wrote this post, on my upcoming lecture in Denver. Then we made our way to the nearest In n Out Burger, and then on home.
When we pulled into the driveway, Todd howled. They seemed really glad to be home. I am glad to be home. It feels a little weird. The road trip has come to an end, yet the house isn't finished. The next time I see it, it will be done.
I'm embarking on a new big adventure, with my lecture in Denver coming up, and all the ideas that has brought to the fore. I feel like I'm finally ready to seriously take up the problem of architectural theory. Where will all this lead me? Impossible to say, at this point.
It feels like I'm at the beginning of a new adventure.
I am thrilled to announce that I will be speaking in Denver, at FROST, on Saturday, November 6th. What's FROST? It stands for Front Range Objectivism Supper Talks. You can read the official announcement on their website, here.
This subject is one that I have been wrestling with for over 20 years, going all the way back to when I was in architecture school at Washington University in St. Louis. Very little of what I was told to read, under the heading of 'architectural theory', ever made any sense to me. It was the same in graduate school, when I was at SCI-Arc in the mid/late '90s. The history more or less made sense, because it was along the lines of 'so and so built this building here on this date' and it was relatively well rooted in reality. Plus, the history classes at SCI-Arc at that time were taught by Margaret Crawford, and she was not only a superb instructor with a passion for history, but she made it fun.
The theory, however, rarely seemed to bear any relationship to reality. Occasionally there would be good articles or essays, or a chapter of something that was mildly interesting or inspiring, but they were the exception.
I got out of school and started working, and could pretty much forget about the (theoretical) academic side of the profession for a while (although I remained a fan of architectural history, and still am.) Over the years, I accepted the occasional teaching gig, mainly teaching drawing, photography, and the like.
Then a couple of things happened almost simultaneously, that, broadly speaking, altered my relationship to theory (or philosophy) as such. I started taking piano lessons, and I started reading Ayn Rand.
The piano studies fascinated me because, the deeper I delved into them, the more I could see that the music theory bore an absolutely direct relationship to the notes on the paper and the playing of the instrument. It was as though the theory was actually the element that bridged the gap, if you will, between the notes on paper and the playing. It was the complete opposite of any architectural theory I had ever read.
This was around the same time that I was reading Atlas Shrugged for the first time. I had read The Fountainhead years before, but had never explored Ayn Rand's works further, and was completely unaware of any of her non-fiction. After Atlas, when I read some of her non-fiction, like Philosophy, Who Needs It and Capitalism: The Unknown Ideal, I became convinced that, here, like with music theory, was a series of ideas based on the strict observation of reality.
Why couldn't this exist for architecture? This has been my frustration all these years. It pretty much seems like Louis Sullivan pronounced 'form follows function' and that was the end, and no one else really took it anywhere from there. Then all the architects forgot all about Sullivan anyway, and he just became that guy who designed those flowery buildings in Chicago. 'Form follows function' became a kind of quaint, old-fashioned notion at best. I've even heard it mis-attributed to Mies van der Rhoe.
And so, I give up. I have finally decided to quit resisting and take it on. It's time for all this stuff to get dusted off and re-evaluated.
In this presentation, I will take a step back from Sullivan, and start with Eugene Viollet-le-Duc, the French architect and theorist, whose Lectures on Architecture from the mid-1800s were a big influence on Sullivan and the Chicago School.
Sullivan's greatest pupil was, of course, Frank Lloyd Wright, who unquestionably left a great legacy behind, although I'm not at all convinced he was the theoretician Sullivan was.
These three men will be the subject matter that we will address on the 6th. In due course, I intend to examine more fully the larger picture of the development of modern architecture through the 20th century, and its demise. I suspect there were some good principles at work that were lost, likely due to poor philosophical underpinning.
I am particularly appreciative of FRO, Kelly Valenzuela, and Diana Hsieh for their encouragement and support. See y'all on the 6th!
We left Russellville, Arkansas at about 8 this morning, and pulled into Albuquerque at a little past 9.
I think I'm just really ready to be home at this point, and was pretty motivated once I realized that I could get close enough tonight to make it the rest of the way with one long day tomorrow. The dogs were doing really well too, sleeping for the most part, so I just kept going.
There wasn't a ton of picture taking today, but there were a few interesting things that we saw.
Just after we pulled out of Russellville, we passed a cooling tower, so I'm guessing there is a nuclear plant there.
Once we hit Oklahoma (don't you just want to break out singing?!) the landscape really flattened out.
Today I packed up my little car, and P + T and I headed for home.
It was pretty emotional for me. The last few days had been a bit of a flurry of activity. I was welding like mad, and got some nice little 'extras' made that will give a little extra bit of a custom edge to the house.
Ms. Client, aka Farmer Jo, has a collection of horse shoes that she has found on the property over the several years they have lived there. I cut one in half and made her a pair of coat hooks out of it.
First, I apologize for not blogging in a while.
The last few weeks have been frustrating in a lot of ways.
I haven't been able to devote all the time to the project that I have wanted to, partially for exciting reasons that nonetheless took me away from my work here. And, partially because I've had to put out various fires and deal with things that just come up that required my attention, as happens in life.
The main thing house-related that has been occupying me has been the steel railings for the mezzanine. All the interior railings have been fabricated and were delivered to the powder coating shop today.
You may recall that I had built a prototype and reviewed it with the owners.
I am in the process of developing a talk that I will present next month in Denver, for Front Range Objectivism, as part of their Front Range Objectivism Supper Talks (FROST) series.
The title of my talk is "Ideas in Architecture" and the theme is how French architect Eugene Viollet-le-Duc's theories influenced Louis Sullivan (and the Chicago School in general) who in turn influenced Frank Lloyd Wright and all of modern architecture. So, I have been immersed in the philosophical nuts and bolts, so to speak, of my profession.
It's not stuff that I think about all the time as I go through my day, but it is crucially important as part of my background context for my work. And, as I review the material, some of which I read years ago, and some of which is new to me, I am struck at how the Objectivist philosophical context that I hold, even further back in my background context, gives me a frame of reference that makes this course of study much, much more clear and understandable than any of the architectural theory books I read during graduate school.
This has me wondering, do other Objectivists have a similar experience of the relationship between their philosophy and their work?
Appetizer: Has your study of, or the application of Objectivism to your life influenced the way you view and/or go about your work? Has Objectivism influenced either your career choice, or your internal context for your work?
Drink Special: Does your profession have a specific body of philosophy or theory? If so, how do you relate it to Objectivism? If not, should it have one? For the philosophers in the room, what led you to decide to make a full study of philosophy itself?
Happy Hour will take place from 9-10 p.m. Eastern and 6-7 p.m. Pacific, on Twitter.
For more info on the OLists, check out the OList Events page here.
New to Twitter and not sure how it works? A simple tutorial on getting started can be found here.
Want to lurk and follow along with the discussion, without joining Twitter? You can do that here.
Tuesday Night OLists Happy Hour: Where Do You Get Your News?
Turns out there has been a trending topic lurking all around me this week, just waiting to be written up as a Happy Hour Menu for tonight's OLists Twitter Happy Hour. Fortunately my subconscious finally sent it on up to my conscious brain just in time!
Then the subject came up in last Sunday's brunch, of creating a new website that would be a clearing house for general news & information about what's going on in the Objectivist movement. It generated a good amount of interest among the Brunchers.
Appetizer: Where do you get your news? Internet? TV? Old-fashioned paper? Do you bother?
Drink Special: Where do you get your news about what's going on in Objectivism (besides facebook friends and twitter?) This is where it might be useful to check out Danielle's post, as it seemed to be a pretty comprehensive list.
Day 56: Birthday in Tennessee! Hooray for Me!
Today is my birthday. In the spirit of everyone on the Book Face encouraging me to 'make it a great day' and 'do whatever you want to, it's your day' and all, I am starting off with a blog post.
I never really expected to still be here in Tennessee for my birthday this year. I thought I would be here for a few weeks, from late August into mid or late-September. But, the whole experience with the house has been so much better than I ever expected, that it has been well worth it.
In a little while, Bob and I are going to go pick up some of the steel parts for the mezzanine railings, and I will spend most of the day working on them. What better way to spend one's birthday than welding?!
A great question was asked this week on the OHomos list, about whether or not the discussions from our Twitter Socials would be compiled and posted as a blog post for those who couldn't make it for the event.
I think this is a great idea. I also think that with all the automated-ness of Twitter, there ought to be a way for that to be compiled with the push of a button. As great an idea as I think it is, I'm not into hours of command-c, command-v, command-c, command-v.
If there isn't an app for this already, there should be. Attention all you web developers out there!
Then I was looking over the OProducers list tonight and there are more than a few recommendations for various productivity software products that looked interesting.
Appetizer: What software do you use regularly that makes your life easier? (I mean besides the obvious ones like Outlook. Does anyone even use Outlook anymore?) Task management? Time management/tracking? Any new discoveries? What about web apps? Any novel uses for obvious things like Google Docs? Anyone else love their Google Reader as much as I do?
Drink Special: How can we get this Twitter Social easily compiled into a file that can be made into a blog post? Any ideas?
Today the drywall guys rocked.


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Is Merrick Garland making headway with the GOP?
Apr 5, 2016 8:01 PM EST
https://www.pbs.org/newshour/show/is-merrick-garland-making-headway-with-the-gop
Despite Congressional Republicans' pledge not to hold any confirmation hearings, Supreme Court nominee Merrick Garland made the rounds on Capitol Hill again Tuesday, meeting with GOP Senators John Boozman of Arkansas and Susan Collins of Maine. Gwen Ifill talks to Sen. Collins for more on the day's events and what they could mean for the battle over Antonin Scalia's empty seat.
GWEN IFILL:
U.S. Supreme Court nominee Merrick Garland made the rounds on Capitol Hill again today.
Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell remains determined not to hold confirmation hearings. Some Senate Republicans, including Judiciary Committee Chairman Charles Grassley, have announced a willingness to meet the nominee, although he and the Senate majority leader say they will not schedule hearings or a vote.
Today, Judge Garland did meet two Republicans, Senator John Boozman of Arkansas and Senator Susan Collins of Maine.
She joins us now from Capitol Hill.
Senator Collins, tell us about your meeting with the judge.
SEN. SUSAN COLLINS (R), Maine: It was an excellent meeting. We talked for over an hour about a range of issues that included his judicial philosophy, Second Amendment cases, the separation of powers, the executive overreach. We were able to touch on a great many issues.
Did you conclude that he is qualified for at least a hearing, if not confirmation?
SEN. SUSAN COLLINS:
I certainly believe that he is qualified for a hearing.
He has been a distinguished jurist for 13 years on the D.C. Circuit Court, and I found his answers to demonstrate that he's thought deeply about the issues, that he's highly intelligent, and that he's a careful, meticulous judge.
Having said that, I would, of course, not make a final decision on his nomination until there were public hearings, because it's that kind of in-depth vetting that gives you the information that you need.
As you know, your colleague Senator Mark Kirk of Illinois last week also met with Judge Garland and came away and said that he felt that his colleagues who wouldn't do that are closed-minded.
Do you agree with him?
No, I wouldn't say that, although I would hope that more and more senators would find time in their schedules to sit down with Judge Garland. I believe that they would benefit from hearing from him firsthand. And I know that I did.
You have said in other interviews that you are perplexed that Senator McConnell, that Majority Leader McConnell is drawing such a firm line on this. Tell me what you mean by that.
Well, Gwen, this is a very unpredictable political year.
And we have no idea who the next president is going to be. But if the next president is a Democrat, it's certainly conceivable that she or he might choose a nominee who is far to Judge Garland's left.
If the next president is Donald Trump, he's a very unpredictable person. Who knows who his nominee would be? In this case, we have a nominee with 19 years of experience. And I believe that we should take the process a step at a time.
And doing the meeting today was the first step, and I think the next step should be hearings.
Did the White House reach out to you directly to ask you to meet with him?
And what did you say to them?
I said I would be happy to meet with them.
I would note that that is standard procedure with every Supreme Court nominee on whom I have ever voted, regardless of what administration it was. The White House asks you to sit down with the nominee. And I have always found that those one-on-one conversations give me a great insight into the nominee's views, integrity, intellect, fidelity to the Constitution, and respect for the rule of law.
In your opinion, Senator Collins, is the opposition to Judge Garland rooted in principle, in policy, or in politics?
I believe that the Senate Republican leader, Mitch McConnell, sincerely believes that the next president should choose the next justice on the Supreme Court.
I don't happen to agree with him. As I look at the Constitution, the president has the right, indeed the obligation, to appoint judicial nominees, to nominate people for the courts, including the highest court in the land.
And, after all, President Obama is our president right now, and will be until January of next year. So, we just have an honest disagreement about this issue. But I certainly respect and understand the contrary point of view.
Part of what Senator McConnell, the point he has made is, why drag Judge Garland through what he called an unnecessary political routine if he's not going to be considered or confirmed?
Well, I don't think Judge Garland views it that way, or he wouldn't have agreed to be nominated for this important post.
And he did agree to be nominated. He is making the rounds on Capitol Hill. And one encouraging sign to me is before the congressional recent recess, there were only two of us on the Republican side that were willing to sit down with Judge Garland one-on-one to meet with him, and now there are more than a dozen Republican senators.
I believe that's a positive step forward, and it is the way the normal process would work. I would also note that it is not unusual for Supreme Court nominees to be contentious. There have been Democrats who have blocked Republican nominees, including when President Obama participated in a filibuster to try to block Justice Alito from being named to the court.
So, there have been political shenanigans on both sides of the aisle when it comes to the Supreme Court. I think it would be better if we depoliticized the process.
Shenanigans is such a good word.
Senator Susan Collins, Republican of Maine, thank you for joining us.
PBS NewsHour from Apr 05, 2016
This art gallery requires a wetsuit
What winning Wisconsin means for the presidential candidates
News Wrap: Panama Papers leak claims first major casualty
john boozman
susan collins


Photos of Iceland's jaw-dropping natural scenery frequently circulate online these days, and it would seem that there isn't a person alive who is immune to the rugged beauty of this tiny, unspoilt island. Floating between Greenland and Scandinavia in the ice-cold North Atlantic, the so-called 'Land of Fire and Ice' is an incredible contrast of volcanos and glaciers that will leave even seasoned travellers speechless at every turn. To truly discover the beauty of this unique destination, embark on an Iceland road trip on Þjóðvegur 1, Iceland's popular Ring Road, and build your own itinerary of lunar beaches, glacier lagoons, and thundering falls. The only challenge will be fitting everything in!
Jutting out 120m over the water from Vík í Mýdral's impossibly beautiful Black Sand Beach, Dyrhólaey Arch, the first stop on your Iceland road trip, represents the southernmost point of mainland Iceland and provides an incredible photo opportunity. You can reach the lookout by taking 218 off the Ring Road (near Vík) and following the road right up the hill.
In the 1970s, a US Military DC-3 plane crash-landed (thankfully with no casualties) on the black sand of Sólheimasandur Beach due to poor conditions, and the wreckage of this flight is now one of the most photographed sites in all of Iceland. Just past Sólheimajökull as you head east on the Ring Road towards Vík, notice a make-shift carpark on the side of the highway. The walk to the plane is 4km from this point, but it's incredibly flat and well-worth your time.
Sprouting off of Vatnajökull, Europe's largest ice-cap, the third stop on your Iceland road trip is this impressively blue glacier, an incredible sight (even in less-than-ideal weather). There are several trails of varying length that offer views of the ice (enquire at the nearby visitor centre), or you can join a glacier hike to explore beyond the perimeter of this natural wonder.
Covering nearly 14% of the country, Vatnajökull is Europe's second largest national park, and includes some of Iceland's most popular sights, such as the Jökulsárlón glacier lagoon, Svartifoss waterfall, and, of course, the Vatnajökull glacier and its brilliantly blue ice caves. Wander through this frozen world on a tour with Local Guide of Vatnajökull.
Plunging over 60m from the cliffs in front of a large cave, it's easy to see why this is one of the country's most beloved waterfalls (and there is no shortage of contenders). Find Seljalandsfoss just off the Ring Road near Hvolsvöllur, and explore the network of paths leading behind and around the falls for some incredible photos.
Unduly over-shadowed by nearby Jökulsárlón, this peaceful glacier lagoon in Iceland's south-east is one of the most magical places you'll ever lay eyes on. At first light, the sky glows an unnatural cotton candy pink as the enormous chunks of ice provide a perfect contrast of bubble gum blue beneath the snow-capped glacier.
This glacier-capped volcano actually erupted as recently as 2010, evacuating nearly 1,000 Icelandic residents and spewing enough volcanic ash into the air to ground all flights in western Europe for a week. Its tumultuous history aside, Eyjafjallajökull, with its many lava fields and ice-caps, is beautiful to explore, particularly on horse back. Join a guided ride up the glacier at nearby Skálakot farm for the full experience.
This small but stunning crater lake is part of Iceland's touristic Golden Circle route, but somehow seems to receive much less traffic than sites like Gullfoss and Geysir. All the better to enjoy the red volcanic caldera and the brilliant blue water all to yourself. Entry is a modest 400ISK (~€3) payable upon arrival.
Near Vík í Mýdral, this beautiful black sand beach was formed as lava flowed into the icy ocean and was instantly hardened; the shiny black pebbles we see today are a result of constant erosion from lapping waves. It's not just the "sand" of this beach that makes it note-worthy, however. Jutting out from the sea, the Reynisdrangar basalt "sea stacks" have eroded completely away from the Reynisfjall mountain they once belonged to, and the Gardar hexagonal basalt columns dominate the beach-front with an almost unnatural symmetry.
Suspected to have formed at the end of the last Ice Age nearly 9,000 years ago, this fascinatingly serpentine canyon presents a somewhat other-worldly landscape above the ice-blue River Fjaðrá. Near Kirkjubæjarklaustur, follow Road 206 for just a minute before reaching a small carpark, where you can hop out and clamber all over the cliff's edge.
If these beautiful spots have encouraged you to visit southern Iceland, we've still only scratched the surface of what's to come. From the popular Golden Circle to the dramatic Snæfellsnes Peninsula, prepare to be positively blown away by this bucket-list destination on your Iceland road trip!
When to visit: Iceland is an extremely popular summer destination, with great hiking, sunny weather, and nearly non-stop daylight hours. However, it can also make for a fantastic winter road trip, with fewer tourists, a magical dusting of snow, and the Northern Lights. If you do make the trip in winter, just adjust your itinerary to account for the shortened daylight hours (11am – 3pm) and the possibility of inclement weather. The Ring Road is well-maintained and routinely snow-plowed, so the driving is manageable as long as you take basic safety precautions.
Car hire: Keflavik International Airport offers a number of car hire options, with a nice AWD SUV costing around €50/day. Even in winter, it is unlikely that you will need 4WD (the snow tires on an AWD should be sufficient), but you may consider it if you plan to leave the Ring Road for camping or other excursions in summer. When you hire a car, it's also a good idea to include a portable Wifi hotspot (~€10/day), which will allow you to easily navigate, as well as provide peace-of-mind connectivity in the unlikely event of an emergency.
Where to stay: Accommodation in Iceland is expensive, with a double room at a decent hotel coming in at €60-100, depending on the area. In winter, the cold weather will force you to stay inside, and it's usually advisable to book your hotels/Airbnb's in advance to avoid arriving expectantly at a full hotel and finding no other accommodation for 200km. In summer, however, you will also have the option of camping or even hiring a camper van to sleep in (most companies stop renting vans on 1 December and will resume at the end of winter).
What to eat: Like everything else in Iceland, the food is amazingly expensive, with a simple restaurant meal costing €40-70 and even fast-food upwards of €20. It's not a bad idea to stock up on lunch supplies at a supermarket in Reykjavik to help save money. Many hotels also offer free breakfast included in the room rate, so be sure to take full advantage of this!
Planning your route: Limit your daily driving, as you'll be stopping your car every few minutes to take photos of new scenery. In winter, aim for just 2 hours, while you can comfortably double that during summer. If you are pressed for time, opt to drive just a section of the Ring Road rather than making the whole loop—I guarantee, you will never be bored, even if you drive the same 100km stretch of highway for 10 straight days.
We hope that this article has inspired you to visit Iceland. If you have any questions about the destination please leave these in the comments below.


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Home / Performance of Key HMIS Indicators for Child Health of Tamil Nadu for April to June during 2016-17
Performance of Key HMIS Indicators for Child Health of Tamil Nadu for April to June during 2016-17
Performance of key HMIS Indicators (UpTo District Level) for Child Health
NA: Not Available; Updated On Weekly Basis; Status As On: 03 Aug 2018, 1:57 PM; Financial Year: 2016-17; Provisional Figures for the Period April to June.
Title: Performance of key HMIS Indicators (UpTo District Level) for Child Health
Get data of Performance of Key HMIS Indicators for the upto district level. Main HMIS indicators for Child Health are reported live births, Reported Live Births to Total Deliveries, reported Still Births, Newborns weighed at birth, Infants given OPV 0 (Birth Dose), Infants given BCG, Infants given DPT, Infants given Pentavalent, Infants given Measles, fully immunized children, given Vitamin - A, Diptheria in Children, Polio in Children, Measles in Children, Diarrhoea and dehydration in Children, Infant Deaths reported, Deaths due to Sepsis, Deaths due to Asphyxia , Deaths due to Fever. Ministry of Health and Family Welfare launched the National Rural Health Mission (NRHM) to ensure necessary architectural corrections in the basic health care delivery system. A continuous flow of good quality information on inputs, outputs and outcome indicators facilitates monitoring of the objectives of NHM. To monitor the performance and quality of the health services being provided under the NRHM, the Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, is putting in place several mechanisms that would strengthen the monitoring and evaluation systems, through performance statistics, surveys, community monitoring, quality assurance etc. HMIS is an information system launched during October, 2008 which has been specially designed to assist health departments, at all levels, in managing and planning health programmes. HMIS is defined as A tool which helps in gathering, aggregating, analyzing and then using the information generated for taking actions to improve performance of health systems.
NRHM, birth, Infants, Pentavlent, OPV, Polio, Measles, child, DPT, BCG, Diarrhoea, Dehydration, Death, Sepsis, Asphyxia, Fever, Vitamin, Tet