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News Releases Dunkin' Donuts June 07, 2013
DUNKIN' DONUTS CELEBRATES NATIONAL DONUT DAY WITH FREE DONUT OFFER AND THE LAUNCH OF THE GLAZED DONUT BREAKFAST SANDWICH
Dunkin' Donuts offers guests a free donut with the purchase of any beverage
Twitter followers are also invited to test their knowledge of the brand's donuts
from around the world for the chance to win $100 mGifts
CANTON, MA (June 7, 2013) – Today, June 7, is National Donut Day, and Dunkin' Donuts, America's all-day, everyday stop for coffee, donuts and baked goods, is marking the holiday with special treats for everyone. First, Dunkin' Donuts is treating guests to a delicious, free donut of their choice (while supplies last) with the purchase of any beverage. The offer is good all day today at participating Dunkin' Donuts restaurants nationwide. To help guests all around the world celebrate the joy of donuts, Dunkin' Donuts is also making this special offer available in its restaurants across the globe.
Dunkin' Donuts today also officially introduced the Glazed Donut Breakfast Sandwich as a permanent addition to the brand's menu. At only 360 calories, this unique sandwich features a fried egg and two slices of bacon between a sliced glazed donut, bringing together a classic bacon and eggs breakfast with the sweet taste of Dunkin' Donuts' beloved glazed donuts. The new sandwich is available at participating Dunkin' Donuts restaurants throughout the U.S.
Earlier this week Dunkin' Donuts also unveiled new Summer Fruit Donuts to celebrate the season. Dunkin' Donuts' new Summer Fruit Donuts are available in two fun fruit flavors: Lemonade, featuring a yeast shell, lemon filling, white dipping icing and lemonade bark topping; and Key Lime, featuring a yeast shell, key lime filling, white dipping icing and graham cracker topping. Both new donuts are available through August at participating Dunkin' Donuts restaurants nationwide.
Finally, Dunkin' Donuts is also celebrating on Twitter, with the National Donut Day Twitter Sweepstakes. Today, followers of @DunkinDonuts on Twitter will be presented with the name and image of a half-dozen of the brand's innovative donut creations from around the world. Fans who enter a guess as to the country where the donut is available, using the special hashtag #DDonut, will be entered for a chance to win a $100 Dunkin' Donuts mGift. Dunkin' Donuts will award a total of six $100 Dunkin' Donuts mGifts throughout the day. For official rules and additional information related to the National Donut Day Twitter Sweepstakes visit: http://www.dunkindonuts.com/content/dunkindonuts/en/promotions/national_donut_day_sweeps.html.
"National Donut Day is a perfect opportunity to connect with our fans and celebrate the many ways donuts make any moment in a busy day much sweeter," said John Costello, President, Global Marketing and Innovation at Dunkin' Brands. "As the donut leader we are excited to make this day special with a free donut with a purchase of a beverage, along with the launch of our innovative Glazed Donut Breakfast Sandwich, and chances all day to win Dunkin' Donuts mGifts on Twitter," he said.
National Donut Day, held the first Friday of June each year, was originally established in 1938 by the Chicago Salvation Army to honor women who served donuts to soldiers during World War I. Dunkin' Donuts has led the donut category for more than 60 years, selling approximately 2.4 billion donuts and MUNCHKINS® donut hole treats combined globally per year. Dunkin' Donuts throughout the United States offers more than 70 varieties of donuts, including beloved flavors such as Boston Kreme, Glazed and Chocolate Frosted.
To find a participating Dunkin' Donuts restaurant near you, visit https://www.dunkindonuts.com/aboutus/store/Search.aspx. To learn more about Dunkin' Donuts, visit www.DunkinDonuts.com or follow us on Facebook (www.facebook.com/DunkinDonuts) and Twitter (www.twitter.com/DunkinDonuts).
Glazed Donut Breakfast Sandwich
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Kenenisa Bekele caps an Ethiopian sweep in Edinburgh at the 2008 IAAF World Cross Country Championships (AFP / Getty Images) © Copyright
30 MAR 2008 Report Edinburgh, Scotland
Senior Men's Race Report - Edinburgh 2008
In a remarkable triumph over adversity and the spirited endeavours of defending champion Zersenay Tadese, Kenenisa Bekele cleared a series of obstacles to win a record sixth Senior Men's classic distance title - and US$30,000 - at the 36th IAAF World Cross Country Championships, at Holyrood Park, today.
Bekele overcame, in turn, a missed flight, overnight stomach troubles, a dislodged shoe early in the 12km race, and Tadese's determined mid-race surges, to regain the crown he had won in five successive years from 2002 to 2006. Today's victory takes his record number of individual World Cross Country titles to 12 (6 Long Course, 5 five Short Course, 1 Junior).
After increasing his total number of World Cross Country gold medals to 16 (including 4 team golds) and his record total count to 27 (16 gold, 9 silver, 2 bronze), Bekele acknowledged that his six classic victories might be the statistic that stands above all the others. Until today, the 25-year-old Bekele had shared a record five classic distance triumphs with Kenyans John Ngugi and Paul Tergat.
Having failed to finish in Mombasa last year, suffering stomach problems in the heat and humidity, Bekele fought back from the troubles thrown at him here to pull clear in the eleventh kilometre. In the end, it proved a comfortable victory over runner-up Leonard Patrick Komon, from Kenya, and Tadese, whose valiant title defence was rewarded with the bronze medal.
"As far as the sixth Long Course win is concerned, I tried to accomplish it last year but, because of the weather, I was not able to do it," Bekele said. "This has a very high honour in my life. I have won the double five times but I think this compares to that. However, I leave the judging to those of you in the media."
It was in the third kilometre that Bekele's shoe was caught from behind, and worked loose, as the field bunched taking a bend. From his place near the front, he dropped way down the field as he stopped to secure it. "My shoe did not fall completely off but I had to stop to undo it and put it back on, so it was as if it fell off because of the effort needed to put it back on," he said It was the first time, he added, such a misfortune had befallen him.
Having secured his shoe, Bekele worked his way back up the field and, before long, was in the leading group. When Tadese picked up the pace in the seventh kilometre, Bekele was well placed to respond. Dictating from the front, Tadese threw in several bursts, by the end of which he and Bekele had opened a small gap on the last challenging Kenyans, Komon and Joseph Ebuya.
A brief relaxation of pace allowed Komon and Ebuya to close up but, with four kilometres to run, the front four were well clear. With Tadese at the head, and the Kenyan pair side-by-side behind him, Bekele sat at the back before seizing his moment. Of his recovery from his near shoe disaster, he said: "It was near the beginning and I knew it would make the competition difficult because it is not easy to catch up after losing your shoe.
"I knew it would make the rest of the race tough. After the shoe came off I began to think a great deal about what I had to overcome and I had to focus a great deal on my race. If I had tried immediately to catch up it may have affected the rest of my race but instead I controlled my pace."
Bekele had arrived later than planned in Edinburgh the day before the race. He missed his flight connection at London Heathrow after a delay to his original Ethiopian Airlines flight from Addis Ababa left him with only 30 minutes to connect in London. His delay was unrelated to the widely-publicised teething problems at Heathrow's new Terminal 5.
Explaining how stomach trouble almost cost him dearly again, as it had last year, Bekele said: "The day before yesterday, as I was flying in from Ethiopia, there was a delay and I spent the night in London and arrived here yesterday about midday. I had eaten breakfast there before I left and, after it, I didn't feel well. I then had lunch and dinner here and at night I didn't feel well. I had to get up three or four times in the night to go to the bathroom and I wasn't feeling good."
Tadese said that he was happy with his run – "a bronze medal for my country is still important to me" – while Komon made a big impression in his first year out of the junior ranks. Aged 20, he led Kenya to a third successive team triumph (39 points) with Ethiopia second (105) and Qatar third (144).
David Powell for the IAAF
30 MAR 2008 General News No 'sole' can stop Bekele – Edinburgh 2008
30 MAR 2008 General News Dibaba takes her fifth gold - Edinburgh 2008
Kenenisa Bekele leading Joseph Ebuya - Edinburgh 2008 (Getty Images) © Copyright
Zersenay Tadese shadowed by Kenenisa Bekele - Edinburgh 2008 (Getty Images) © Copyright
Cross Country gold No. 6 - Kenenisa Bekele in Edinburgh (Getty Images) © Copyright
All pages related to this article
IAAF World Cross Country Championships
36th IAAF World Cross Country Championships

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Home » World » Asia » 10,200 kids dead, injured in Yemen's years-long conflict: UN
10,200 kids dead, injured in Yemen's years-long conflict: UN
Sunday, March 13th, 2022 at 3:30 PM
Photo Credit : IANS
Sanaa: The Unicef announced that 10,200 children have been killed or injured since the ongoing conflict in Yemen escalated nearly seven years ago.
"The actual number is likely much higher," Xinhua news agency quoted Unicef's Representative to Yemen Philippe Duamelle as saying in a statement.
"Following the intensification of the conflict in 2021, violence has continued to escalate this year and as always children are the first and most to suffer," Duamelle said.
Just over the first two months of this year, 47 children were reportedly killed or maimed in several locations across Yemen, he added.
The statement noted that "violence, misery and grief have been commonplace in Yemen with severe consequences on millions of children and families. It is high time that a sustainable political solution is reached for people and their children to finally live in the peace they so well deserve".
Last week, the Unicef had said that some 21 million people, or nearly 70 per cent of Yemen's total population, need life-saving humanitarian assistance.
In the country, nearly 400,000 children under the age of five are slipping from acute malnutrition to severe acute malnutrition, the humanitarian agency said.
According to the Unicef, Yemen remains one of the largest humanitarian crises in the world to date.
Since the civil war escalated in March 2015, tens of thousands of people have been killed, 4 million displaced, while the country remains on the brink of famine.
The Unicef said it requires $484.4 million to respond to the humanitarian crisis in Yemen in 2022.
The war started when the Iran-backed Houthi militia seized control of several northern provinces and forced the Saudi-backed Yemeni government of President Abd-Rabbu Mansour Hadi out of the capital Sanaa.
Yemen has been mired in a civil war since the Houthi militia overran much of the country militarily and seized all northern provinces, including the capital Sanaa, in 2014.
kids dead
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Alan to present on one or two (or more) of these subjects?
Any other topics on your minds?
> Ouch. Hurts. So much information!
> desperate for a framework.
> Can you tell us more about what Icing and SEO-Plugin are?
> system for application servers?
>>         * This Wednesday, 6:30 p.m., at LVL1, 814 E. Broadway.


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NEW NATIONAL TECHNOLOGY ROADMAPS TO ADDRESS ENERGY...
New National Technology Roadmaps to Address Energy and Climate Change Challenges Unveiled at Energy Innovation 2016
The National Climate Change Secretariat (NCCS) and the National Research Foundation (NRF), Prime Minister's Office, Singapore, unveiled three new national energy technology roadmaps at Energy Innovation 2016. Co-organised by NCCS, NRF and the Energy Market Authority (EMA), the event is a forum for industry representatives, government agencies, academics and researchers to discuss how Singapore's future energy needs could be secured through technological innovation.
The energy technology roadmaps are part of efforts under the Energy National Innovation Challenge (ENIC) announced in 2011 to harness Singapore's R&D base to raise energy efficiency, reduce carbon emissions and increase energy options. The roadmaps guide the development of technology master plans by government agencies and formulation of funding initiatives for the Urban Solutions and Sustainability domain under the Research, Innovation and Enterprise (RIE) 2020 Plan[1].
Developed in collaboration with industry stakeholders, academic experts and technical consultants, the roadmaps are led by public agencies and cover the following technology areas:
Electro-Mobility
Land Transport Authority (LTA)
Industry Energy Efficiency
National Environment Agency (NEA), Economic Development Board (EDB)
(See Annex A for highlights of the technology roadmaps.)
Professor Low Teck Seng, CEO, NRF said in his opening remarks at Energy Innovation 2016: "The technology roadmaps that we are sharing today are one of the critical tools in our strategy to understand global technological trends. They highlight the research and development priorities for Singapore to develop the energy solutions we need for tomorrow. We believe the roadmaps will help stakeholders evaluate their business options and direct their investments, sharpen their R&D strategies, as well as develop policy to facilitate high impact outcomes for Singapore."
Mr Tang Tuck Weng, Senior Director, NCCS, said: "In support of the Paris Agreement on Climate Change, Singapore has made a commitment to reduce our Emission Intensity by 36 per cent from the 2005 levels by 2030 and stabilise our emissions with the aim of peaking around the same time. This is an ambitious goal given Singapore's limited renewable energy options. New technology that can improve energy efficiency and decrease our dependence on fossil fuels is thus a critical area that the Government is looking at. We are optimistic that the new roadmaps will spur research, development, demonstration and deployment of urban solutions that contribute towards our goal of addressing climate change and building a sustainable Singapore."
[1] Under the sixth science and technology plan for Singapore - the RIE2020 Plan - the government has committed $19 billion, over the next five years (2016 to 2020), to support and translate research, build up the innovation capacity of our companies to drive economic growth, and leverage science and technology to address national challenges. In RIE2020, the Urban Solutions and Sustainability domain seeks to develop a sustainable and liveable city through integrated solutions in energy, water and land for Singapore and the world.
About the National Climate Change Secretariat
The NCCS was set up as a dedicated agency under the Prime Minister's Office on 1 July 2010 to coordinate Singapore's domestic and international policies, plans and actions on climate change so as to secure a sustainable living environment for our future generations. NCCS will achieve this by adopting a Whole-of-Government approach and working with the People and Private sectors to devise and implement cost-effective mitigation and adaptation solutions, reap the opportunities arising from addressing climate change challenges and contribute towards global efforts to address climate change. For more information, please visit www.nccs.gov.sg.
National Research Foundation, Prime Minister's Office, Singapore
The National Research Foundation (NRF) is a department within the Prime Minister's Office. The NRF sets the national direction for research, innovation and enterprise (RIE) in Singapore. It seeks to invest in science, technology and engineering, build up the technological capacity of our companies, encourage innovation by industry to exploit new opportunities that drive economic growth, and facilitate public-private partnerships to address national challenges.
Under RIE2020, NRF is committed to create greater value in Singapore from our investment in research, innovation and enterprise through 1) closer integration of research thrusts, 2) stronger dynamic towards the best teams and ideas, 3) sharper focus on value creation, and 4) better optimised RIE manpower. Visit www.nrf.gov.sg/research/rie2020 for more details.


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Search jobs.ac.uk for teaching vacancies.
At jobs.ac.uk you can browse 1000's of teaching vacancies including jobs in UK universities, worldwide universities, further education colleges and other organisations. Here you can browse our available teaching vacancies as shown below.
Latest Teaching Jobs
Research Fellow/Officer in the Policing of Child-to-Parent Violence
University of Leeds - School of Law
Placed on: 12/07/2019 Salary: £33,199 to £39,609 Grade 7 p.a. pro rata
Salary: £33,199 to £39,609 p.a. pro rata. Due to external funding conditions an appointment can only be made to a maximum of £36, 261 p.a. pro- rata. Working Time: 60% fte, 3 days per week. Contract Type: Fixed Term (for 7 months, available until 30 April 2020 due to funding conditions). Are you an ambitious...
Lecturer in HRM and Leadership
QA Higher Education
Placed on: 12/07/2019 Salary: £50 per hour
Various daytime, evenings & weekend teaching hours available - £50 per hour About the role: As a student focused Lecturer in HRM and Leadership you will have the ability to: Plan, prepare, teach/deliver modules and support student's learning on a range of programmes and related subject areas Provide guidance, support and...
Professor in Chinese Culture
The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen
Placed on: 12/07/2019 Salary: Competitive, commensurate with experience and academic accomplishments.
Expires 12 Sep
The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen ("University") is established in accordance with the Regulations of the People's Republic of China on Chinese-foreign Cooperation in Running Schools upon approval of the Ministry of Education. The University is featured with an international learning environment, a bilingual teaching...
Research Fellow in Organic Optoelectronics - AR2239HM
University of St Andrews - School of Chemistry
Start Date: 7 October 2019, or as soon as possible thereafter Fixed term for 12 months Thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) materials are an increasingly important materials class for next generation solid-state lighting devices. The Organic Semiconductor Centre is internationally recognised for its research in this domain with activities on...
Lecturer in Psychology
University of Wolverhampton - Faculty of Education, Health and Wellbeing
The Faculty of Education Health and Wellbeing University of Wolverhampton is seeking to employ to a permanent post of Lecturer in Psychology. We welcome applications from all areas of Psychology and we particularly welcome applications that show expertise in Developmental and/ or Educational Psychology. We seek an enthusiastic colleague with expertise...
Lecturer/Senior Lecturer in Fashion Marketing - 0.6 FTE
University of East London - School of Arts & Digital Industries
Placed on: 12/07/2019 Salary: Salary starting from £39,890 p.a. pro rata, inc. London weighting
We are seeking to recruit a Lecture/Senior Lecturer in Fashion Marketing, with experience of teaching at a higher education level. You will have recent and relevant industry experience of fashion marketing and a strong CV which demonstrates this. Experience in brand development and designing project-based assignments that link to industry is a must....
Professor in New Media Studies
The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen - School of Humanities and Social Science
L/SL - Foundation Course in AAD
London Metropolitan University - Sir John Cass School of Art, Architecture & Design
Placed on: 12/07/2019 Salary: £35,253 to £52,227 per annum (inclusive of London Allowance). See advert text for details.
Lecturer or Senior Lecturer: Foundation Course Art, Architecture and Design Lecturer: Salary from £35,253 to £42,996 per annum (inclusive of London Allowance)orSenior Lecturer: Salary from £41,520 to £52,227 per annum (inclusive of London Allowance) Full time (35 hours per week) Location: Aldgate Site (Calcutta Building) ABOUT...
Teaching Fellow in Biomedical Science (Non-Clinical)
Imperial College London - Faculty of Medicine Centre
Campus: Hammersmith campus (White City) Job Summary The School of Medicine is seeking to appoint four Teaching Fellows to be part of the team developing and teaching in BSc Medical Biosciences programme (BMB). This new and exciting undergraduate science degree, which launched in October 2017, teaches both online and face-to-face, and has students...
Research Associate (Matterdesign) ( 2D Materials based Membranes) (2 Positions available)
Placed on: 12/07/2019 Salary: £32,236 to £39,606 per annum (according to relevant experience)
Research Associate (Matterdesign) ( 2D Materials based Membranes) (2 Positions available) Job Reference : S&E-14248 Location : Oxford Road, Manchester Closing Date (DD-MM-YYYY) : 12/08/2019 Salary : £32,236 to £39,609 per annum (according to relevant experience) Employment Type : Fixed Term Faculty /...
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Phishing: There are certain fake e-mails in circulation claiming to come from ING and referring to the launch of a new online platform. These e-mails are a case of phishing and should be ignored.
Never enter your username or password on a website you have accessed by following a link sent in an e-mail.
ING will never ask you to provide sensitive information (PIN or card reader response codes) by telephone or e-mail.
Watch this video for more tips on how to identify fraudulent e-mails and websites.
Find the answer via our frequently asked questions.
Not found what you're looking for? Call our help desk on +32 2 464 60 04.
We care about your online security. Find out how ING protects your banking details.
Don't have an ING Card Reader? Need a new one? Place your order now.
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Just tell us you want to become a customer. We will arrange everything with your other bank.


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Battle At Horseshoe Bend, Second in Michael Aye's War 1812 Historical Novel Series, Released Today From Boson Books/Bitingduck Press
Michael Aye, Boson Books' popular historical novelist best known for his Fighting Anthonys maritime history series, has penned the second in a trilogy about the War of 1812. Battle at Horseshoe Bend, released today from Boson Books/Bitingduck Press, follows Remember the Raisin and the events of the war from the battle at Horseshoe Bend to the burning of Washington, DC.
Battle At Horseshoe Bend
Pasadena, CA (PRWEB) December 15, 2014
It's August 1813. The Red Sticks, under the encouragement of England and Spain, have attacked peaceful Fort Mims. Hundreds are killed: men, women, children, and babies. Only eighteen people escape. Secretary of War John Armstrong calls for an all-out war against the Red Stick nation. Major General Andrew Jackson has been placed in overall command of the forces sent to end the Indian problem. But President Madison knows Jackson can be a loose cannon. He needs someone he can trust to be a controlling force: Jonah Lee.
Fresh from the northwest campaign, Jonah and his adopted brother Moses have just gotten home to Georgia when the dispatch arrives. Jonah is morose and grieving over the loss of his love to an Indian raiding party, so Moses feels this new assignment may be a balm for him. From the Battle at Horseshoe Bend to the burning of Washington, D.C., Michael Aye's "Battle at Horseshoe Bend" is a fictionalized account of the events of this decisive war. Released today in print and Kindle format, the book will become available in additional formats (Kobo, Apple) over the course of the next few days.
Aye is the author of The Fighting Anthonys maritime fiction series. "Horseshoe Bend" is the second novel in the War 1812 series, after "Remember the Raisin." Historical Naval Fiction says of "Raisin": "The book appeared to be well researched and the plot flowed well as it linked the various battles together. As you would expect from the author of a naval fiction series the Lakes action was well written and I look forward to reading more of the wider conflict from the perspective of Jonah Lee. Recommended."
The third and final volume of the War 1812 trilogy will focus on the Battle of New Orleans. Aye will also release the seventh in the Fighting Anthonys series, "HMS Leopard," in 2015. A trilogy about last great era of piracy will follow the conclusion of the first two series. The first title in this new series will be "Pyrate, The Rise of Cooper Cain." Book One will take place in 1810. The Publisher will release the series in Hardback and ebook simultaneously with the paperback version to follow the next year.
Boson Books was founded in 1996 as one of the first e-publishers on the Web. Acquired in 2012 by Bitingduck Press, Boson remains a full-service publisher with a particular interest in fiction by and for scientists, narrative non-fiction, and fiction for teen boys. Submissions are open for the 2016 catalog; guidelines are available on the publisher website.
Jay Nadeau
Bitingduck Press, LLC


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Best of friends
It's not how long they've been in my life, it's what they bring to it.
Over supper one night we were discussing friends and friendship. The girls asked me if I had a best friend, to which I said that I didn't have a best ever best best friend from the first day at school but I was lucky to have 10 years with Mme Cholet and the best of friends which is a group equivalent of BFFs!
Growing up in a small village with an older brother, horses, rabbits, ferrets, dogs and friends there was always something to do and somewhere to go. We're talking about the 70s when our flared dungarees got stuck in our chains, the sun always shone and London was about as far removed from village life as you could get. As time marched on and we all went our different ways the one thing that remained was friendship, those of us who went to boarding school would write endless letters about things that had happened at school and ask loads of questions about what was happening at home, whilst the friends still at home would regale us with stories of what was happening in the village and ask us all about what was happening at school, at exeats and holidays our worlds would merge again and we would pick up where we left off.
Nowadays with friends all over the place and children scattered far and wide the easy catch ups aren't as easy to sort out but when we get together we savour every minute and need a week to recover. Heartwarmingly the one thing that remains is the comfortable friendship and the little things that make me love my group of friends.
They're all special in their own ways and whilst we don't sit and chat about how we first met or silly things that have happened over the years there's some things about my friends that make them the best of friends ....
The friend from college who chained her bike to mine one night so that I had to wait for her to emerge bleary eyed in the morning to release my bike.
The neighbour who offered to make a cup of tea when I was in labour, then made one for herself.
The colleague who suggested I changed shifts to be on her shift pattern and then dragged me out for a very long walk when I was in need of space and a friendly face.
The loon who sent me a text and I could read the laughter when she mentioned my Spoken English O Level.
The one who turns up empty handed when I am cooking and leaves with a dish of deliciousness.
On meeting little knowing that life would change in one conversation.
The one who we tease about the late night phone slots but love her all the same!
There's the ones who enlarge photos of the house when I have moved everything around and ask where I have put all my nik naks.
The amazingly intuitive one who knows, sometimes when I don't, that I need support and sends me something daft through the post.
Not forgetting the friend who without realising has made a difference to my day with a completey out of the blue text or phone call.
The one who took a photo of my ironing pile for her to look at when her ironing pile was nothing more than a pimple but it was stressing her out.
The Godmothers who love my girls and they love them.
The childhood friend who refers to me as his youngest oldest when he is my oldest oldest.
The group who sit around and talk rubbish until the early hours and then pick up where we have left off.
The one who laughs at jokes despite not getting them first time.
Those who by just saying a few words can start off laughter.
The neighbour who warmed us up and offered us baths when our boiler died, only to find that their water had been cut off following a leak in the road.
The friends who we met on holiday and have laughed with ever since.
The equally enebriated one who congratulated me on holding my glass so still whilst sleeping and proceeded to tell everyone the next day.
Those who turn up and know where everything is in my kitchen.
The one that walks in and gives me marks out of 10 for the hall way tidiness.
The playground mum who when Big Welsh had been really poorly held me tight in the playground and let me cry.
The colleagues who popped in for visits and walked the dog when I was too ill to do anything.
The ones who share the same taste in music and get in touch when they hear a tune.
The school friends who all made journeys to be with a friend who had a terminal brain tumour and those who were there for me.
The flower farmer who makes the best risotto.
The radio presenter who stares at me open mouthed at my accident prone episodes.
The hospital visitor who washed my back when I was slow and in pain following my third caesarian.
The nice woman at the end of my radio asking me very nicely to attend an incident who then became a good and very trusted friend.
The email from a friend who asked to borrow one of the girls' name and then said in her book Love Potions "thank you for everything but especially for lending me your gorgeous Milla".
Those who influence and shape the look of the day.
Those who I've lost contact with and then they come back into my life and it's like they've never been away.
Those who are no longer in my life but who I think of and hope they are safe, well and happy.
The one who said "thank you for never giving up on me" when her new partner exerted his bullying authority and cut her off from all her friends.
There's the ones who have their favourite chair in my kitchen.
The one that the girls all adore who we don't see enough and when she's with us it's full on laughter and when she's gone she leaves us chortling long after.
Those on a different time zone whose emails brighten up the morning when they're fast asleep and we're wide awake.
The friend from Ross on Wye whose recipes always make me hungry and wish she was closer.
The wise friend who wrote Practically Perfect and told me I was perfectly perfect even if I didn't think so at the time.
The step sister who is a year older than me for 6 days only.
The neighbours in our 20s who we would have a quick drink with, forgetting we had said "just a quick drink".
The friend who said don't do it but I did it anyway, who then didn't say I told you so.
Everyone who lives along the the M4, A303, A40, A470 or within a 100 mile radius of wherever I am going and says pop in when you're passing.
Not forgetting the newly acquainted friend who turned up and asked if there was anything she could do to help who was then shown the baby that needed cereal and the hoover.
Or the one with OCD who copes admirably in my organised chaos.
The loyal ones who were always there and continue to be.
And above all, those friends who make me laugh, smile and get hayfever moments!
That's what makes my friends the best of friends.
#foreverfriends #flowerfarmer #Godmothers #bestoffriends #friendsforever #collegefriends


360bybike is Now Part of ArtCOP21, and We're SO Close to Our Fundraising Goal!
Well, there you have it. 4,559 km down of 40,000. The cycling part of this segment of the tour is done. Once I find a cord to transfer my GPS data onto my computer I'll try to play around and make up a map.
For now, there's more work to do.
Don't worry, the scragglebeard is temporary.
We're SO close to our goal of fundraising $3,500 for 350.org. Together we've raised $3,367 in donations ranging from $5 to $800. The deadline for donations is December first and we only need $133 more. If you have donated, thanks again for your contribution to the global climate movement and your support for this project. If you haven't, 350.org is a great organization that is galvanizing global change on greenhouse gasses like no one else. Their website should be obvious and my fundraising page can be found at http://tinurl.com/360bybike.
If you haven't read the recently published story on climate justice in West Oakland (written by my college classmate Molly Presson), you can do so here.
Watch out for more stories to be published here in the near future, especially surrounding the Paris climate conference (COP21). I'll be in Hong Kong documenting climate-related events in the city, and will hopefully be sharing stories from other contributors from around the world!


The world's financial markets are more interconnected now than ever before, but the economic tools used to measure success and growth fall short in today's dynamic global economy, according to Zachary Karabell, author of The Leading Indicators and a keynote speaker at Dairy Forum 2018.
Zachary Karabell is an American author, historian, money manager and economist.
Silicon Valley is often held up as the gold standard of revolution and transformation, but what if replicating the Valley isn't the point? Other hives of innovation and growth buzz around the country and in almost every city around the world. Where will innovation happen, and how will what we build change as its venue changes?
Zachary Karabell, president of River Twice Research, says that although the next century will probably be dominated by a Western framework of rule and treaties, he is unsure that America will "dominate" or if America ever did dominate on a prolonged, global level.
This panel focuses on the global economic environment and regional economic growth. Where is growth likely to come from? Is the U.S. still the major catalyst for growth? Will Europe hold? Is China slowing down? Are frontier and emerging markets still sources for great growth?
Zachary Karabell on Leading Indicators of Success Every day we are bombarded with numbers. Some tell us how we are doing. Others indicate whether the economy is growing or shrinking and whether the future looks bright or dim. Figures showing gross national product, balance of trade, unemployment, inflation and consumer confidence guide our actions, yet few of us know what they mean or why they are so important.
In the closing video from our 2014 Miami event, we highlight the testing conditions in financial markets. Robert Westcott, former advisor to President Clinton, examines 'climate change', whilst economist Zachary Karabell argues we should be looking at different indicators all together.
In this lively discussion, economist Daniel Altman, political scientist expert Ian Bremmer, and economic and political analyst Zachary Karabell present what each sees as the top risks for this year—and well beyond.
Zachary Karabell, Economic Analyst, Political Historian, and Award-Winning Author, on how important it is to take risks in order to grow and achieve success in any industry, and the surplus of capital versus income inequality.
For too long, says author Zachary Karabell, we've adhered to outdated statistics for measuring economic health. Why follow a '50s road map in the 21st century when newer, more useful guides are available?
Author Zachary Karabell uses an example from an Obama policy speech to illustrate how politicians falsely portray the state of the economy.
Economist Zachary Karabell suggests a different take on the available data and statistics, making it more relevant to the individual. National averages that are often relied heavily upon, he says, are rarely useful in any given individual's life.
n today's uncertain economy, both the public and the world's leaders rely heavily on certain indicators to tell us how we are doing. Gross national product, balance of trade, unemployment figures, inflation, and the consumer price index determine whether we feel optimistic or pessimistic about our future and dictate whether businesses hire or hunker down, governments spend trillions or try to reduce debt, and individuals buy a car, get a mortgage, or look for a job. Yet few of us know where these numbers come from, what they mean, or why they rule our world.
Zachary Karabell presents "Trend and Repeat: What History and Economics can Teach us about the Future" Recorded January 15, 2014 as part of the January Series of Calvin College.
In an age of connectivity, how do different generations interact? Do they trust each other? How do companies seek, find and retain key talent as the worldview of people of different ages in the workplace differs? What does the contrast in attitudes between Millenials and everyone else portend for productivity and business's future?
Sharing and so-called "collaborative consumption" is poised to alter city life, company life, and family life. We now use digital tools to assist in sharing cars, bikes and apartments. But we've always shared apartments, restaurants, libraries, workspace and health clubs. As a host of new platforms transform the economics of sharing, what are the parameters of these new transparent eco-systems? How are business, social and cultural norms re-orienting around collaborative consumption and the sharing economy?
Challenges and opportunities confront business from every direction, in ways that change almost hourly. Business models and ecosystems are being upended, disruptors emerge from the tiniest and least noticed corner, customers and employees demand new treatment, and the entire landscape becomes ever more global. How can and should leaders adapt?
Techonomy Detroit 2013 is a series of conversations and workshops we began last year at our first Detroit conference. Our urgent theme is the role of technology and innovation in boosting American economic growth, job creation, and urban revival. The all-day Techonomy Detroit focuses on issues that form the foundation of the urban century, with technology at the core of the conversation. We see it as the central source of both disruption and opportunity.
The Great Recession could have put the brakes on the global march toward sustainability. Instead, it only proved sustainability's necessity, Aron Cramer and Zachary Karabell argue in their new book, "Sustainable Excellence: The Future of Business in a Fast-Changing World."
After more than a decade of intimate economic relations, China and the United States have become deeply intertwined. Historian Zachary Karabell maintains that while neither country is fully at ease with this partnership, the occasional tension over intellectual property, human rights, and regional strategy pales in comparison to the deepening and on-going economic bonds that tie the two countries together.
Zachary Karabell discusses the global trade relations and analyzes how China's economic success is inextricably linked to the buoyancy of the U.S. economy.
"The Beginning of a Beautiful Friendship? China, the U.S. and the Future of the World's Most Important Bilateral Economic Relationship," February 6,2012. Featuring: Zachary Karabell, President of River Twice Research, award winning Portfolio Manager of the China-US Growth Fund, author of "Superfusion: How China and American Became One Economy and Why the World's Prosperity Depends on It."
As China's influence expands, how will it influence global innovation?
Can the U.S. Stay Competitive?
Slow trains; second class cell service; inferior infrastructure; third-tallest buildings; fourth-rate education; 34th in infant mortality. What are we still best at? As innovation flourishes around the world, can the U.S. stay strong? How? This session seeks some answers.
Zachary Karabell examined Chester Alan Arthur, who was propelled into the presidency by the assassination of James Garfield and turned his back on the patronage system that had nurtured him. Mr. Karabell argued that in creating a professional civil service he set America on a course toward even greater reforms in the decades to come.
Zachary Karabell: "The Fate of Our Nation - Are Better Times Ahead or Worse Days in Store?"
Presented at the Colorado Foothills World Affairs Council on 05/15/2012.
Historian, economist, and journalist Zachary Karabell talks about how Garfield's vice president Chester A. Arthur created professional civil service and ushered in a new era of reform in America.


text:
from flask import request
from .. import db
from ..models import User
from datetime import datetime
import pytz
from sqlalchemy import CheckConstraint
from flask.ext.login import current_user
from collections import defaultdict, OrderedDict
from ..email import send_email

class CartItem(db.Model):
    """Functions as association table between listings and merchants"""
    __tablename__ = "cartItems"
    __table_args__ = (
        CheckConstraint('quantity > 0'),
    )
    merchant_id = db.Column(db.Integer, db.ForeignKey('users.id', ondelete='CASCADE'),
                            primary_key=True)
    listing_id = db.Column(db.Integer, db.ForeignKey('listings.id', ondelete='CASCADE'),
                           primary_key=True)
    quantity = db.Column(db.Integer)

    listing = db.relationship("Listing")

    @staticmethod
    def get_vendor_cart_items_dict():
        """returns a dict where the keys are
        vendors and the fields are a list
        of items in the cart from that vendor"""
        vendor_items_dict = defaultdict(list)
        for item in current_user.cart_items:
            vendor = item.listing.vendor
            vendor_items_dict[vendor].append(item)

        # uses sorted dict so vendor order in cart
        # is in alphabetical order of company names
        sorted_dict = OrderedDict(sorted(vendor_items_dict.items(),
                                         key=lambda pair: pair[0].company_name))
        return sorted_dict

    @staticmethod
    def get_vendor_ids():
        """returns all the ids of all the vendors represented in a cart"""
        return [item.listing.vendor_id for item in current_user.cart_items]

    @staticmethod
    def get_total_price(cart_items=None):
        """returns the total price of the given cart_items. if None, returns
        the total price of all of the current user's cart_items"""
        if cart_items is None:
            cart_items = current_user.cart_items
        prices = [item.listing.price * item.quantity for item in cart_items]
        return sum(prices)

    @staticmethod
    def delete_cart_items(cart_items):
        for cart_item in cart_items:
            db.session.delete(cart_item)

    def __repr__(self):
        return "<CartItem: merchant_id {}, " \
               "listing_id {}, quantity {}>".format(self.merchant_id,
                                                    self.listing_id,
                                                    self.quantity)

class Status:
    PENDING = 0
    APPROVED = 1
    DECLINED = 2

class Order(db.Model):
    __tablename__ = 'orders'
    id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)

    date = db.Column(db.DateTime)
    status = db.Column(db.Integer)
    merchant_id = db.Column(db.Integer, db.ForeignKey('merchant.id', ondelete='CASCADE'),
                            primary_key=True)
    vendor_id = db.Column(db.Integer, db.ForeignKey('vendor.id', ondelete='CASCADE'),
                           primary_key=True)
    company_name = db.Column(db.String(64))
    referral_name = db.Column(db.String(64))
    comment = db.Column(db.Text)

    def __init__(self, date, vendor_id, referral_name):
        self.status = Status.PENDING
        self.date = date
        self.vendor_id = vendor_id
        self.merchant_id = current_user.id
        vendor = User.query.get(vendor_id)
        self.company_name = vendor.company_name
        self.comment = None
        self.referral_name=referral_name

    def __repr__(self):
        return "<Order: {}>".format(self.id)

    @staticmethod
    def order_cart_items_from_vendor(vendor_id, referral_name, date=None):
        """Orders all the items in the cart from a given vendor"""

        if date is None:
            date = datetime.now(pytz.timezone('US/Eastern'))

        cart_items = filter(lambda item: item.listing.vendor_id == vendor_id,
                            current_user.cart_items)
        order = Order(date, vendor_id, referral_name)
        total = reduce(lambda x,y: x + y, map(lambda item: item.listing.price * item.quantity, cart_items))
        referral_name = referral_name
        vendor = User.query.get(vendor_id)
        merchant_id = current_user.id
        merchant = User.query.get(merchant_id)
        send_email(vendor.email,
                   'New merchant order request',
                   'merchant/email/order_item',
                   merchant=merchant,
                   cart_items=cart_items,
                   referral_name=referral_name,
                   total=total)
        # send confirmation to the merchant
        send_email(merchant.email,
                   'Confirmation of order request',
                   'merchant/email/confirm_order',
                   vendor=vendor,
                   cart_items=cart_items,
                   total=total)
        for item in cart_items:
            p = Purchase(
                order=order,
                listing_id=item.listing.id,
                product_id=item.listing.product_id,
                quantity=item.quantity,
                item_name=item.listing.name,
                item_price=item.listing.price,
                unit=item.listing.unit,
                item_quantity=item.listing.quantity
            )
            db.session.add(p)

        db.session.add(order)
        CartItem.delete_cart_items(cart_items)
        db.session.commit()

    def get_total(self):
        total = 0
        for purchase in self.purchases:
            total += purchase.quantity * purchase.item_price
        return "${0:.2f}".format(total)

    def get_date(self):
        """Get date formatted as mm-dd-yyyy"""
        date = self.date.date()
        return '{}-{}-{}'.format(date.month, date.day, date.year)

    def get_time(self):
        """Get time formatted as mm-dd-yyyy"""
        return self.date.time().strftime("%I:%M%p")

    def get_merchant_info(self):
        merchant_id = self.merchant_id
        merchant = User.query.get(merchant_id)
        if merchant:
            merchant_info = {
                'company_name': merchant.company_name,
                'full_name': merchant.full_name(),
                'email': merchant.email
            }
        else:
            merchant_info = {'company_name': 'USER DELETED FROM SYSTEM' }
        return merchant_info

    def get_vendor_info(self):
        vendor_id = self.vendor_id
        vendor = User.query.get(vendor_id)
        if vendor:
            vendor_info = {
                'company_name': vendor.company_name,
                'full_name': vendor.full_name(),
                'email': vendor.email
            }
        else:
            vendor_info = {'company_name': self.company_name}
        return vendor_info

    def get_purchase_info(self):
        purchases = self.purchases
        purchase_info = []
        for purchase in purchases:
            purchase_info.append({
                'product_id': purchase.product_id,
                'quantity': purchase.quantity,
                'name': purchase.item_name,
                'price': purchase.item_price,
                'unit': purchase.unit,
                'item_quantity': purchase.item_quantity
            })
        return purchase_info

    @staticmethod
    def order_cart_items():
        """Takes the cart items and makes an order
        for each vendor represented in the cart"""

        date = datetime.now(pytz.timezone('US/Eastern'))
        vendor_ids = set([item.listing.vendor_id for item in current_user.cart_items])
        referral_name=set([item.listing.referral_name for item in current_user.cart_items])
        for vendor_id in vendor_ids:
            Order.order_cart_items_from_vendor(vendor_id, date, referral_name)

    def get_all_purchases(self):
        return Purchase.query.filter_by(order_id=self.id).all()

class Purchase(db.Model):
    __tablename__ = 'purchases'
    id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)

    # model relationships
    order_id = db.Column(db.Integer, db.ForeignKey('orders.id'))
    order = db.relationship("Order", backref="purchases")
    listing_id = db.Column(db.String(64))
    product_id = db.Column(db.String(64))
    # purchase properties
    quantity = db.Column(db.Integer)
    item_name = db.Column(db.String(64))
    item_price = db.Column(db.Float)
    unit = db.Column(db.String(32))
    item_quantity = db.Column(db.String(32))

    def __init__(self, order, listing_id, product_id, quantity, item_name, item_price, unit, item_quantity):
        self.order = order
        self.listing_id = listing_id
        self.product_id = product_id
        self.quantity = quantity
        self.item_name = item_name
        self.item_price = item_price
        self.unit = unit
        self.item_quantity = item_quantity

    def __repr__(self):
        return "<Purchase: {} Listing: {}>".format(self.id, self.listing_id)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


The response to my first installment on the series was instant. Kevin, who was an old boy of St. Sebastian College, wrote to me all the way from Australia reminding me of his experience with Mr. "ƒ"¹…"Daddi Bidi' on a hunting episode.
The story goes like this. "ƒ"¹…"Mr. Daddi Bidi and friends returning from a hunting trip had confronted a wolf and a lion from two sides; he was left with only a single bullet. A panicked team mate had pleaded: "Machang! Do something quickly; otherwise we all are going to be dead ducks"!
There was hardly any time to think, and all he had was a single bullet, a hand gun and a Keththa (curved knife similar to a sickle) with long handle. As the wolf and the lion lazily relaxed, Daddi Bidi had fixed the Keththi-mita (handle of the sickle) on the ground and fired at the Keththa. Lo and behold! According to him, Keththa had flown to the right hitting the wolf and the bullet got the Lion! The Master was heard saying: "Boys, that's what is called killing two birds with one stone"!
Our "ƒ"¹…"Yarn' teacher's story about "ƒ"¹…"killing the tiger on the rock' is slightly different. Being pompous about his own home-made bullets he maintained that he always considered seriously about the type of ammunition he used – in this case not to take any chances with a fearsome tiger!
"So did you take Rata Pathuran (imported bullets ) Sir? " One boy showed an interest in the story.
"What are you talking Putha, I always take my own Pathuran"; I can always depend on them rather than on imported stuff ".
Having said that, his countenance changed, looked suddenly very serious and somewhat excited and wanted the whole class to gather around him; the boys pretended to believe whatever he uttered.
"Putha, when the tiger came to the rock to sun-bathe I had no option but to get him in one shot". He shrugged his shoulders.
"It's frightening even to listen Sir, you have been very brave I must say," one quipped.
"It was a long wait Putha, and I was getting exhausted, famished and beginning to lose my control when the fellow arrived gracefully and settled down on the warm rock. Could I waste any time? No! In a jiffy had to decide what type of Pathuran I should use. Then again, I thought Putha, why should I worry? I am dead sure of my own Pathuran no! So quickly I broke the gun, loaded one of my bullets and fired, but then amazingly the gun appeared to be jammed to my horror!".
"A very brave act sir'! A student praised him with an ulterior motive to skip another drawing lesson.
Subsequently during a lesson a student commented: "That tiger story was very interesting Sir, I am sure you have many more experiences like that"¦"¦."?
"Putha, an elephant stood right across the path munching some leaves. In a panic the only thing I could do was to ride the bicycle as fast as I could. Even when I was getting closer to the elephant it did not budge an inch.
I continued to paddle with all vigour and upon reaching the elephant at close range I let the bike pass under his stomach, did a somersault on to the elephant's back and jumped again onto the bike from the other side and rode away. That saved my life that day".
"Ok, then. Listen carefully. I had a good friend who was a pilot. One day he said to me "ƒ"¹…"Machan you have been a good friend for years but I have never taken you on a plane trip, what a shame? How about next Sunday?, he suggested".
"Early Sunday morning Putha I went to the Ratmalana Airport. He had arranged a two-seater plane for the ride. While he sat at the controls I sat behind him. I could see mechanical devices moving forwards and backwards in between my feet as he maneuvered the plane.
At times I felt as if the plane was going to fall down and my friend said, "Don't worry Machan I am just taking a turn, enjoy the view"!
"In moment, Putha, came a bolt from the blue. He said, Machan, very unusual, there's a sudden engine failure and the plane is only gliding at present due to momentum; it could at any minute nose dive! What am I going to do with you? I am sorry Macho. I have the parachute to eject but I am worried about you".
"I looked around and told my friend Putha, don't you worry about me mate, you just jump out and I will find my own way to safety".


Trade Show participation can lead to a significant investment for businesses, both in terms of time and money. It is, therefore, in the best interest of your business know what you're getting out of it, or else it will be a total loss. In fact, it is recommended for you to be well prepared on how exactly you will be able to gauge the success of the Trade Show you plan on attending before it even occurs.
First, as mentioned about you need to think of registering your business for a Trade Show as an investment (in terms of marketing), and just like any other investment, you need to make a Return on Investment at the end of it. The first step in achieving this is by setting well-defined goals and objectives that you plan on accomplishing with your attendance. Some businesses sign up for Trade shows to increase their brand's awareness, others look forward to increasing on their customer base by capturing and converting leads.
It is by reviewing your set measurable goals and objectives that you can actually gauge and see whether the trade show was a success for your business. That being said, let's jump into what metrics you should check, tips you could try and ideas you could apply to help you gauge your success.
The major reason many businesses set themselves up for trade shows is to generate sales. Why? It's simply because the first thing you learn about businesses in school is that they are made to make a profit. This profit will only come because of you selling your products or services.
The main metrics you need to track here include: Number of orders set, the number of sales each of your sales rep has made, and total sales closed.
For you to have quantifiable numbers to review and track, you will have to get your sales team together. Set a common target, let's say you are aiming to generate $300K of sales within the period of time the trade show will last. You may want to break this down to $100K per day, and even further down to sales to make by each of your sales rep.
If your main objective of signing up for the trade show was to increase your customer base by capturing potential leads then you might have to review these key metrics: Number of people who visited your booth, people who booked later appointments, and website visitors.
We highly recommended that you utilize a smart data collection platform such as 42 GameChanger which helps you capture and qualify leads in real time. Trust me, this will save you a lot of time later to measure your success metrics and compare it with your set objectives. you will need to have an efficient analytics tool to help you break down and classify data. Another good example is Hubspot that can also be directly integrated with your business's CRM.
Get access to the list of visitors expected to attend the Trade Show from the hosters.
Do some research on what these visitors expect and want that your business can provide.
Have your sales team reach out to them with only what they want and have them fill in their information.
If you just signed up for the trade show to get your name out there and build brand awareness. You will need to later review these key metrics against your set objectives: Social media followers, booth visits and newsletter subscribers.
You will need to track your business' and hashtags mentions. You can, however, track such information with social media analytics tools that will help you process and analyze this data.
Make sure you sign up for the right trade show.
Ensure that you know your target audience, their location and if they are more likely to attend the trade show.
Keep the social media fire burning across all your platforms, and also invest in paid Ads.
Follow up on lead responses.
Work doesn't end at the trade show, just following up on prospective leads can provide you with metrics such as email clicks and open rates.
By having your sales team send out follow-up emails, you will get an overview of how prospective leads are engaging with your business as a result of the trade show. Therefore determining whether you're the trade show was a success or not.
Trade Shows might be the investment you need to make your business succeed. That is why the above tips have been provided to help you gauge if your Trade Show was a success or not. They could also act as guidelines for upcoming trade shows, making sure you don't walk in the dark.


Tamara is for our babes that want more coverage and support from their lingerie.
The halter silhouette provides a plunge neckline and keyhole detailing with lace panels. Made with our soft and comfortable lace, the lace is firmer to hold a fuller shape.
The halter clip can be worn unclipped for those that like their straps in a standard style.


How many of us want to just declutter our whole home in the New Year?! It's hard to make that first step. You really just don't know where to start sometimes. We live in a family home, meaning it belongs to my husband's family. So when I moved in, gasp.. I found out that it was more of a storage area for things no one wanted. Whenever there was too much of something, this house was used to store those 'things' in. Just to give you an idea, when I moved in, the living room area had 6 china cabinets in it…6. There were also 1960s couches and some dresser drawers. Not lying. They weren't beautiful, extravagant ones either, they were 1960s or older and termite ridden. The other rooms were just filled with lots of stuff and more old furniture.
Don't get me wrong, I am grateful for having home, I am only describing what I faced. I won't go into further details, but I will tell you that I cried… a lot, in that first 6 months there. Decluttering seemed to be a massive impossible feat. So, I am speaking from experience when I tell you that any help is useful. The Turquoise Home has some pretty useful steps to follow to get things started or at least lock down an action plan.
Click HERE for some help in decluttering an entire room an din only 5 simple steps.


text:
Address by President Nelson Mandela at the unveiling of the monument to Enoch Sontonga on Heritage Day
Minister of Arts and Culture, Science and Technology;
Premier of Gauteng;
Mrs. Rabotape;
Ladies and gentlemen.
I am deeply moved, to be part of this historic occasion to honour an African patriot, a distinguished son of South Africa, one who has bequeathed on our generation - generations before and generations to come - so much to celebrate and so much to be proud of.
By the pride with which we bellowed your melody and its lyrics - in good times and bad - we were saying to you, Enoch Mankayi Sontonga, that with your inspiration, we could move mountains. Today, we can do much more by honouring you as a free nation, as masters of our destiny, as beneficiaries of the blessings that you enjoined The Almighty to bring upon us.
We are free at last. Africa is unshackled; and her spirit can rise majestically in a renaissance yet to come, but a renaissance that indeed will come, from the sweat of her children's brows.
In unveiling this memorial to Enoch Sontonga, in declaring this Enoch Sontonga Memorial Park, and in naming the Enoch Sontonga Avenue, we are formalising the honour that we have kept in our hearts and, as a united nation, acknowledging an epic contribution to Africa's quest for her dignity.
It is a great privilege for me to share in this homage to the memory of a great man, one who evoked Africa's rebirth, even as the smoke lifted on a long and devastating era of battles lost to a better-armed force.
In paying this tribute to Enoch Mankayi Sontonga, we are recovering a part of the history of our nation and our continent.
When our first democratically-elected government decided to make Heritage Day one of our national days, we did so because we knew that our rich and varied cultural heritage has a profound power to help build our new nation.
We did so knowing that the struggles against the injustice and inequities of the past are part of our national identity; they are part of our culture. We knew that, if indeed our nation has to rise like the proverbial phoenix from the ashes of division and conflict, we had to acknowledge those whose selfless efforts and talents were dedicated to this goal of non-racial democracy.
Enoch Sontonga stands tall and distinguished among these luminaries, as the architect of our ode to joy and pain, a builder of the nation just born.
Our humble actions today form part of the re-awakening of the South African nation; the acknowledgement of its varied achievements.
Among these achievements are the tools of the re-awakening of the South African nation; the acknowledgement of its varied achievements.
Among these achievements are the tools of Stone Age people living in South Africa millions of years ago; sites of human settlement hundred-and-fifty thousand years ago; a unique Rock Art heritage as old as twenty-five thousand years; relics more than a thousand years old of farming, mining and the work of artisans in Thulamela and elsewhere. All these are part of our forgotten heritage left by more than three million years of human civilisation in our country.
However, many of them are known only to a few experts or lie unrecognised and neglected. We need to make this heritage accessible to all South Africans, and to the world, for their enrichment and enjoyment.
Compatriots;
It is one of the ironies of our history that, like the relics of our more distant past, the grave of Enoch Sontonga lay neglected and unseen, even as his words and music nourished the soul of our nation.
We therefore do indeed feel blessed that we can today pay honour to this hero of our nation.
We owe a debt of gratitude to those who have made it possible for us to recover this history, like the great historian Professor Jabavu. They include the poet Samuel Mqhayi, who was inspired to build on Sontonga's message with verses that have become part of Sontonga's legacy.
I might add that this has some significance to me personally, for I drew a great deal of political courage in my youth from hearing Mqhayi give a breathtaking recital of his famous poems.
The initiative which has culminated in today's events owes much to a partnership of government, historians, musicians and others who cared.
But above all, we owe this to the countless men, women and children across generations who carried this anthem in their heart, in the face of bullets and the hangman's noose; in moments of terrible privation and in the joy of celebration.
The circumstances of Sontonga's burial, in a segregated cemetery, in an unmarked grave with incomplete recourse, is a harsh reminder of the times in which the hymn was composed.
Then as white domination consolidated itself in the crucible of a gold-mining industry that was forging new kinds of chains, another voice was heard amongst the oppressed; the assertion of African pride bent on regaining independence.
It comes as no surprise that Enoch Sontonga was a founder member of one of the independent churches whose establishment was amongst the most powerful expressions of this mood.
Nkosi sikelel' iAfrika, Maluphakanyisw' uphondo lwayo - so truly did the hymn speak of its time that it was taken up by the people, in what became South Africa, and far beyond its borders.
Nkosi Sikelela is, then, a hymn born of the clash of vast historical forces. But what a hymn it is, this simple appeal for national redemption, for continental salvation.
Morena Boloka is not a clarion call to arms. It is not an incitement to the barricades or a scream for revenge.
God sëen Afrika might have warmed up the blood of slaves with the fire of faith; but it is not a tune of glory to the might of one over the other. It has always been an ode to peace; a celebration of human solidarity in diversity.
Lord Bless Africa speaks quietly, only of thanks and blessing for the people, its teachers and the land we live in. It is a prayer for crops and rain, for harvest, health and peace for all.
It is the torch that has lit our way. This is the torch that even as we fall, we hand on, one to the other, to the end of time.
It unites town and countryside; workers and professionals; students, teachers and those without formal education; religions of every denomination and those with no formal religion. The vision which once sustained the oppressed now unites all in our liberated nation.
And so today, we celebrate Enoch Sontonga's gift to us, a heroic message of calm, written in the eye of the storm. Today it forms part of our national anthem; and along with Die Stem, it embellishes various strands of our past in a unison of inclusiveness, of the oneness of South Africa's people.
Dear Enoch Sontonga:
In our hearts you are a father, an inspiration to generations. We all wish that we had met, so we could embrace you for the courage you gave us in the struggle, for the strength you give us today as we strive to build a better life for all. We owe you more than we can ever say.
You remind us with every breath we take, that we have the nation that you prayed for, a nation that we hope to make better, a nation growing in peace and with God's blessing. You remind us that Africa's children are indeed lifting themselves up in her renaissance.
And now I am honoured to bestow on Enoch Sontonga posthumously, the Order for Meritorious Service Gold, in recognition of his outstanding service in the public interest, through his creativity and talent which has continued to guide and inspire our country. The medal is to be received by his granddaughter, Mrs. Ida Rabotape.


text:
Q: Cross compilation using clang for target aarch64-cros-linux-gnu Maybe I've got a silly question, but I stuck with that issue. I'm trying to do cross compilation using clang-5.0 of simple test program for target aarch64-cros-linux-gnu:
int main(int argc, const char **argv)
{
    return 0x2;
}

So, when I'm running clang with the next command:
/home/alex/Dev/CustomToolchains/Google/clang-5.0/aarch64/usr/bin/clang --sysroot=/home/alex/Dev/CustomToolchains/Google/clang-5.0/aarch64/usr/aarch64-cros-linux-gnu -Qunused-arguments -grecord-gcc-switches -fPIE -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fstack-protector-strong -pie -fno-omit-frame-pointer main.cxx -o main3 -B/home/alex/Dev/CustomToolchains/Google/clang-5.0/aarch64/bin -target aarch64-cros-linux-gnu

I'm getting an error:
ld.bfd: no input files
clang: error: linker command failed with exit code 1 (use -v to see invocation)

But when I'm removing --sysroot and -target parameters everything is ok. I have checked --sysroot path and it's exists but I'm not sure if it correct. clang docs says that this folder must contain bin, lib, include directories, but in the sysroot directory there are only next folders:
lib  lib64  NOTICE-eglibc  NOTICE-gdb  sbin  sys-include  usr  var

So, how I can specify correct toolchain path to the clang for my target triple aarch64-cros-linux-gnu? or where I can get that toolchain?
Big thanks for answers.
PS. I'm a newbie with all linux/clang/cros compilation -related staff, so I'm sorry for mistakes in my question.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Infantile Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis
Haltia-Santavouri Disease
Most of the infants with Infantile Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis appear to develop normally up to 6 months of age after birth. After 6 months, slowly they start developing indifference to the surroundings. Their reflexes to stimuli show an unusual delay or are often completely absent. There is mental retardation as they lose coordination in their activities; skillful tasks are difficult to be performed. They lose ability to speak, to reason out and there is deterioration in their previously acquired skills of activity.
In these children the brain development begins to cease and they develop microcepahaly. Children also suffer from recurrent attacks of seizures. In addition, they also have neuromuscular abnormalities such as cerebellar ataxia in which the voluntary movements are poorly coordinated. Hence, there is a loss of balance while walking and maintaining posture becomes difficult. The child is unable to stand or walk by himself. Moreover abnormal involuntary movements of hands are observed.
As the disease progresses the child develops generalized muscle weakness and loss of muscle tone (hypotonia). Later, there are muscular spasms and rigidity of the entire body. The most important feature of this disease is the involvement of the eyes. There is narrowing of the retinal vessels, macular pigmentation which is accumulation of yellowish-gray pigmentation on the macula densa.There is retinal degeneration. The child experiences visual disturbances and impairment. This is due to optic nerve atrophy. In majority of the cases studied, it was found that eventually the child losses his vision completely by the end of 1-2 years. The neurodegeneration is continued and there is a complete loss of brain activity. The child soon becomes completely immobile, there are sudden spasms in the muscles, reflexes are exaggerated, light or no response to stimuli. This finally culminates into death [10].
Psychomotor Retardation
[symptoma.com] psychiatrical Psychomotor Retardation It is characterized by rapid deterioration with psychomotor retardation, loss of speech, seizures, ataxia, blindness, hypotonia, microcephaly, and occasional convulsions. [symptoma.com]
It is characterized by rapid deterioration with psychomotor retardation, loss of speech, seizures, ataxia, blindness, hypotonia, microcephaly, and occasional convulsions. Mapped to chromosome 1p32. [icd10data.com]
Seizures (6 patients) and psychomotor retardation (1 patient) were the initial symptoms in the INCL group. All the patients in the group of LINCL had the usual findings. [scielo.br]
[…] deterioration, ataxia, and epileptic seizures [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov] Seizures may be drops, vacant spells or motor seizures with violent jerking of the limbs and loss of consciousness. [symptoma.com]
Seizures may be drops, vacant spells or motor seizures with violent jerking of the limbs and loss of consciousness. Seizures may be controlled by medicines for several months but always recur, becoming difficult to control. [checkorphan.org]
Interpretation: In view of its natural history, late-infantile CLN2 disease should be considered in young children with delayed language acquisition and new onset of seizures. [pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
His seizure frequency has reduced. Otherwise the course is progressive. [annalsofian.org]
Myoclonic seizures don't usually cause a complete loss of consciousness or severe shaking or jerking the way a generalized tonic-clonic seizure does. Myoclonic seizures can be preceded by an aura, or a sense that a seizure is going to happen. [verywellhealth.com]
Myoclonus
Other features like myoclonus, ataxia and vision loss develop later in the course with optic atrophy being detectable within 2½ years of vision loss. [annalsofian.org]
Clinical manifestations include seizures, progressive mental and motor deterioration, myoclonus, visual failure, dementia and premature death. [alliedacademies.org]
Myoclonus can also occur due to several diseases of the spine or the nerves. Occasionally, myoclonus can occur as a result of electrolyte or hormonal changes. [verywellhealth.com]
Clinical features include mental retardation and behavoural distubance, which may be accompanied by extrapyramidal symptoms (facial dyskinesia) and myoclonus epilepsy. [alzheimer-europe.org]
Affected people may experience loss of muscle coordination (ataxia ), seizures that do not respond to medications, muscle twitches (myoclonus), visual impairment, and cognitive/motor decline. It occurs predominantly in the Finnish population. [rarediseases.info.nih.gov]
Cerebellar Ataxia
We suggest CLN genes should be considered in the molecular analyses of patients presenting with adult-onset autosomal recessive cerebellar ataxia. [Indexed for MEDLINE] Free full text [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
[icd10data.com] Cerebellar Ataxia We suggest CLN genes should be considered in the molecular analyses of patients presenting with adult-onset autosomal recessive cerebellar ataxia. [symptoma.com]
ataxia, bulbar symptoms, and extrapyramidal and pyramidal signs, but without retinal lesions and rapidly progressive dementia. [icd10data.com]
Skin biopsies are done which have specific findings for the particular type of NCL. In Infantile NCL, GRODs, curvilinear bodies (CB), and fingerprint profiles (FP) are seen [11].
EEG shows disorganized spike and slow wave complexes, loss of posterior dominant rhythm characteristic in infantile form to eye opening.
MRI shows cerebral and cerebellar atrophy, elevated glial marker, and high amount of lactate in grey and white matter.
DNA testing has been used to identify NCLs like Infantile NCL , localizes GROD (granular osmiophilic deposits) of CLN-1 [10].
Histological studies of Infantile NCL show neuronal loss. In late onset NCL, there are vacuolated lymphocytes observed. For juvenile onset NCL, along with neuronal loss there is extensive gliosis and complete loss of purkinje cells. In adult onset variant, findings include neuritis due to distension of axon hillock seen in III layer.
Enzyme assays are the best diagnostic tests for the condition. The PPT enzyme levels are measured from a sample of a dried blood spot taken on a filter paper, and if the enzyme activity is less than 5% of normal, Infantile Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis is confirmed.
NCLs are fatal disease. There is no specific treatment for NCL, however a palliative treatment is given to arrest the progress of the neuronal damage. The goal of the treatment is to provide the nervous cells and tissue with adequate amounts of the deficient enzyme PPT. This can be acquired through stem cell transplants which are being explored currently. Enzyme therapy of virally mediated CLN1 gene has improved neurological condition and gene replacement treatment by using injection of AAV2-PPT1 has increased the enzyme levels. Experiments show that these methods help to slow the progress of the nerve damage.
Besides these, symptomatic treatment is given to control convulsions like lamotrigine, valroic acid derivatives. Spasticity and rigidity is controlled by muscle relaxants such as baclofen and benzodiazepine derivatives. A drug named Flupirtine has proved to protect PPT1-deficient cells from apoptosis. In a particular experiment, a PPT1 deficiency infected mice was treated with CLN1 gene and it showed neurogical improvement. This therapy is also being thought of to use for humans.
Infantile Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis is an incurable disease. Hence the prognosis is bad. Children deteriorate progressively. They develop degenerative symptoms. The child can survive from 2 to 5 years barely after the diagnosis.
There are 8 CLN genes that undergo mutations (CLN 1-8) due to an enzyme deficiency called palmitoyl protein thioesterase-1 (PPT1). The most commonly affected genes in pediatric age group are CLN 1, 2 and PPT 1 found in lysosomes of the cells of lipopigments leading to cellular destruction [3] [4]. This enzyme normally removes the fatty acids from the cells so that they can be used for energy, but due to the gene mutation there is a deficiency of the enzyme which in turn causes an increase in the accumulation of the fatty acids.
Palmitoyl protein thioesterase-1 has a variety of other cellular functions such as endocytosis, vesicle trafficking, apoptosis and forming synapses.
Clinical database reveals that the actual incidence of Infantile Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis is seen in children. Studies over past 10 years with the help of molecular genetics for confirmation of clinical diagnosis have concluded that the epidemiology of NCLs has got a worldwide distribution more over in specific geographical areas [5].
On further investigation it was found that, the incidence of childhood onset Infantile Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis in Italy is less as compared to other European countries [6] [7]. It is estimated that 2 to 4 live births of every 100,000 are affected with this disease.
Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis is an inherited autosomal recessive disorder. In this, an individual who carries both of the diseased mutated genes will manifest the symptoms. Depending on the age, symptoms and morphology, it is classified into four major types.
These are Infantile Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis (NCL) in which the defective gene is NCL1, late infantile NCLs in which the defective gene is NCL2, juvenile NCLs in which the defective gene is NCL3 and adult NCLs in which the defective gene is NCL4 [8]. The lipopigments that accumulate in the nerve cells, muscles, skin and tissues throughout the body, form and resemble different shapes such as curvilinear bodies or comas or fingerprints bodies or granular osmophilic deposits (GROD). These are important references for diagnosis on histological examination [9].
The possibility of prevention of NCL can be expected by newborn screening and treatment. Prenatal diagnosis and genetic counseling has a vital role in the prevention of NCLs. DNA analysis provides reliable information about carriers for NCLs.
Infantile Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis (NCL) is a genetic disorder affecting the nervous system fatal in character. It is also known as Batten disease. It occurs due to degeneration of neuronal cells leading to progressive decline in mental and motor capacities, retinal degeneration, epilepsy and microcephaly [1].
In this disorder, there is accumulation of autofluoroscent lipopigments which replicate lipofuscin and ceroid in the nerve cell; hence it is named as Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis, first introduced by Zeman and Dyken in 1969 [2]. Studies reveal the importance of prenatal diagnosis in prevention of this disease.
Infantile Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis is an inherited autoimmune recessive disorder. It is found in children who inherit 2 defective genes from their parents. A child who has only one copy of defective gene is normal and is the carrier for NCL. They may have children suffering from this disorder but do not manifest any symptoms themselves.
In Infantile Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis, there is a deficiency of an enzyme called palmitoyl protein thioesterase-1 (PPT1) which leads to genes mutations. The specific gene that is involved in Infantile Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis is CLN 1 gene. This gene acts on the nervous system which involves the brain and other structures called spinal cord, putamen, and thalamus.
Infantile Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis affects infants. They are born healthy and develop normally up to 6 months from birth, but after 6 months their mental development comes to a halt. Later by one year age, there are signs of further decline and child fails to thrive. They remain bedridden and get repeated attacks of convulsions. There are muscular spasms. The most important part of the body affected in almost every case is the eye. There is retinal degeneration, the optic nerve undergoes atrophy, and there is a complete visual loss. The child is completely mentally retarded, he loses his ability to think and reason.
Deposits of lipopigments are found in the nerve cells, skin, muscles and various tissues of the body; hence the diagnosis can be very well obtained from the histology reports of these specimens. The specimens show characteristic forms of coma (curvilinear bodies), finger prints inclusions etc which are peculiar features in diagnosing INCL.
CT scans and MRI shows nerve damage, areas of atrophy. There is no specific treatment for this disease as there is a progressive degeneration and outcome is fatal. However, recent studies link stem cell replacement and gene therapy to arrest the nerve damage and hence increase the period of life expectancy of the child. Apart from this, certain muscles relaxants, anti convulsion treatments are given periodically to the child.
Hofmann SL, Peltonen L. The Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinoses. In: Scriver CR, Beaudet AL, Sly WS, Valle D, editors. The metabolic and molecular basis of inherited disease. NewYork: McGraw-Hill; 2001. p. 3877–94.
Zeman, W., Dyken, P. Neuronal ceroid-lipofuscinosis (Batten's disease): relationship to amaurotic familial idiocy. Pediatrics 44: 570-583, 1969.
Mole SE, Goebel HH, Williams R, editors. The neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (Batten disease). 2nd ed. Biomedical and Health Research. Amsterdam: IOS Press; 2009.
Pathogenesis and therapies for infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (infantile CLN1 disease) Jacqueline A. Hawkins-Salsbury, Jonathan D. Cooper, Mark S. Sands Biochemical et biophysica acta (BBA) volume 1832, issue 11 November 2013. Pages 1906–1909.
Williams RE: Appendix 1: NCL incidence and prevalence data. In The Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinoses (Batten Disease). 2nd edition. Edited by Mole SE, Williams RE, Goebel HH. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2011:361-363.
Moore SJ, Buckley DJ, MacMillan A, Marshall HD et al. The clinical and genetic epidemiology of neuronal ceroid lupofuscinosis in Newfoundland. Clin Genet 2008, 74:213-222.
Verity C, Winstone AM, Stellitano L, Will R, et al. The epidemiology of progressive intellectual and neurological deterioration in childhood. Arch Dis Child. 2010, 95:361-364.
Carpenter S, Karpati G, Andermann F. A type of juvenile cerebromacular degeneration characterized by granular osmiophilic deposits. J Neurol Sci. 1973;18:67-87.
Sleat DE, Gin RM, Sohar I, Wisniewski K, et al. Mutational analysis of the defective protease in classic late-infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis, a neurodegenerative lysosomal storage disorder. Am J Hum Genet.1999;64:1511-1523.
Anderson GW, Smith VV, Brooke I, Malone M et al. Diagnosis of neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (Batten disease) by electron microscopy in peripheral blood specimens. Ultrastruct Pathol. Sep-Oct 2006;30(5):373-8.
Narducci N, Verga ML, Binelli S, et al. Neuronal ceroid-lipofuscinosis: a clinical and morphological study of 19 patients. Am J Med Genet. 1995;57:137-141


text:
Italy Kosher Union
Our staff is available for information.
The Kasherut division is under the supervision of Rav Y. Belinow.
Dr. Meyer Piha
Rav Levi Piha
Rav Yisrael Piha
Reuven Baruzzo
Administrator and coordinator of IKU – dott. Meyer Piha (www.italyjewishguide.it). A lecturer in 2nd level Professional Master's Programme on Food Safety and Kosher Food Safety (II level Master – Thank you letter). Contact: iku.okmeyer@gmail.com
Rabbi and an IKU coordinator for Turin and Piedmont. Graduataed as Rabbi in New York , with a great experience in the Kosher sector in Melbourn (Australia), worked in Vancouver and Alaska in Kosher supervision. Studied in Israele , London, Montreal etc. Contact : lpicha770@gmail.com
Rabbi and IKU coordinator for the Center – South and Islands. Graduated from the famous "Rabbinical Yeshiva in Melbourn (Australia) and has a rabbinical degree from the USA. He also has a Teudà of Shochet (operator in the kosher meat sector) from Netivot in Israel. At the moment he lives in Rome and obtained a scholarship as a SHOCHET for the Jewish community of Rome. A new member in IKU staff as a coordinator and supervisor for the center-south of Italy. Contact : yisroelpiha@gmail.com
Coordinator and a technical specialist in Kosher ingredients and analysis of production process. Contact: robaruzzo@libero.it
Every year the United States alone consume kosher-certified products for more than 150 billion dollars; the consumption keeps growing both in Europe and in Israel. The market of kosher-certified products includes not only observant Jews following their own nutritional laws, but also Muslims and millions of people who are either vegetarians or who suffer from an intolerance to lactose. Market experts agree that the kosher certification reassures the customers, as the products are supervised and they satisfy high quality standards. Used both for food products targeted to end customers as well as ingredients list for industrial manufacturing or for products for a specific trade mark, the kosher certification improves the brand's profile on the market and permits to widen its market share. Today, the kosher certification is surely a market niche but it enjoys an opinion leader role and it represents age-old cultures and traditions.
The IKU Kosher Certification Offers:
Counseling on kosher for specific corporate requirements
Kosher certification for companies
A wide expertise and know-how in:
– analysis of the ingredient
– analysis of the factory
a reliable response to your requirement of kosher certification
IKU avails itself of the ultimate technologies. In Italy, the number of kosher-certified companies keeps growing at high pace. IKU is more and more attentive to the requirements of the manufacturers applying for the certification, and avails itself of Rabbis who are both experts in Jewish laws as well as in several sectors of the food industry. In order to obtain a kosher certification, a product must fulfill rigid quality standards and all its production steps must conform to Kosheruth and Jewish Laws. Its compliance to such rules must be verified periodically on the production place by experts, and the certification (that expires and must be renewed) can be withdrawn at any stage, when the guarantees requested are not no longer met. This is why Italy Kosher Union avails itself of specialized personnel and modern, digital methods. We are a globally renowned reference point, together with other USA agencies. Our staff will be happy to provide the food industry with information and quotes. The kosheruth division is under the supervision of Rabbi Y. Belinow. The coordinator and manager of IKU is Dr Meyer Piha.(www.italyjewishguide.it) .
Contact us for further information.
Did You Know That… Kosher Certifications In The World. The OU Kosher Certification:
OU Kosher is the world widest association for kosher certification, it certifies more than 250,000 products in almost 5,000 factories spread in more than 60 countries. The OU brand, one of the most renowned in the world, immediately improves the customers' perception of the products world-widely, with beneficial effects also on its commercialization. OU Kosher stands out amongst the associations dealing with kosher certification, because it is part of a non-profit organization founded in 1898, allowing it to obtain the highest levels of integrity without any conflict of interest. It is represented by 500 rabbis operating on the field, in the whole Europe and worldwide, from the Americas to Australia, from the Far East to South Africa. They are experts and qualified in modern food production techniques and in biological and chemical systems, but in the complex Jewish Laws as well. The New York headquarters are manned by 50 coordinating rabbis, who have the role of accounts for OU-certified companies, and are sided by ingredients specialists, flavor analyzers and other assistants. A top-notch computer system collects and allows the traceability of the information on products and ingredients. The OU database contains information on more than 200.000 ingredients for food products.
what is kosher?


This is an adventurous tour you will not want to miss! You will able to get up close and personal with all the natural wildlife. This is a four hour tour that will fly by before you know it! You feel like a cowboy starring in a movie, as you tour Sedona, where over 40 movies has been made for over 50 years. You love seeing the magnificent sandstone monoliths, deep areas of pine forest, river canyons straight our of a portrait, basting in a beautiful tapestry of desert wonder.
You will begin your tour with a safety briefing at a private faculty near Sedona. After this safety briefing, you will meet up with your tour guide. At this time, you will get your helmets, gloves, and goggles. Jump in the van and head out to the trailhead, about eight miles west of Sedona.
With your lead driver and guide, your lead driver will drive your ATV, riding up the hills to lookouts, vistas, and the quiet serene locations. You will be amazed by scarlet colors from the rock formations above you down to the well worn path below. Enjoy snacks and water along the tour. After your tour has finished, you will be driven back to the departure point.
Your ticket includes local taxes, snacks, bottled water, driver, and guide. Your ticket does not include gratuities and hotel pickup and drop-off. Confirmation will be received at time of booking, and driver minimum age is fifteen and a half with learners permit. Book this exciting canyon tour today!
The guided ATV tour begins approximately 45 minutes north of Phoenix in the Sonoran desert near the Agua Fria River Valley. This area, amidst the beautiful Bradshaw Mountains, is perfect for off-roading. There are creek crossings and places for wash riding, as well as gorgeous views of the Arizona landscape.
You'll be accompanied by a certified guide with a vast knowledge of the plant life, wildlife, history and climate of the area. You can hear stories about the Native Americans who once farmed, hunted, survived and evolved in this unforgiving desert.


text:
Меморандум о суверености Босне и Херцеговине је конститутивни акт којег су на сједници Скупштине Босне и Херцеговине одржане 14. октобра 1991. године донијели муслимански и хрватски посланици, док су се српски посланици успротивили већинском прегласавању и напустили сједницу.

Претходни догађаји
Скупштина Босне и Херцеговине, којом је доминирао Савез комуниста, донијела је 31. јула 1990. године уставни амандман XL, којим се радикално промијенио конститутивни статус етничких нација. Наведеним амандманом Босна и Херцеговина је дефинисана као "суверена демократска држава народа Босне и Херцеговине – Муслимана, Срба и Хрвата и припадника других народа". Суштински амандман је у први план ставио државну сувереност на грађанској основи, а у други план етничку сувереност и равноправност. Управо овим документом утемељена је могућност прегласавања у разним варијантама, што је једну од три стране могло да доведе у неравноправан положај према друге двије, што се убрзо и догодило.

Доношење и усвајање Меморандума
На засједању Скупштине Босне и Херцеговине од 14. октобра 1991. године представници муслиманске и хрватске политичке партије, без представника српске партије, који су напустили сједницу, донијели су Меморандум о суверености Босне и Херцеговине, чиме су покушали да изврше на одређен начин државни удар. Према ријечима Биљане Плавшић, српски представници нису намјерно напустили сједницу, чије засиједање је трајало дубоко у ноћ, већ су сматрали да је завршена и отишли су на спавање. Формално овај чин су направили посланици СДА и ХДЗ-а, против посланика СДС-а. Међутим, чињеница да су све три странке имале скоро стопроцентну изборну подршку националних база, као и да су се њима при гласању за и против, по националном кључу придружили и многи посланици опозиционих странака, показује да је то заправо било преломно изјашњавање легитимних представника читавих народа за излазак из скраћене Југославије или останак у њој.

Одредбе Меморандума полазиле су управо од уставног амандмана XL, који је прихваћен јула 1990. године. Наиме, муслимански и хрватски представници у Скупштини Босне и Херцеговине су сматрали да према садржају поменутог амандмана није потребно обезбиједити сагласност српских представника у Скупштини приликом доношења конститутивних одлука о државном статусу Босне и Херцеговине, што је наведено у тачки 1 Меморандума.

Меморандумом је дефинисано у тачки 2 да се Босна и Херцеговина залаже за функционисање заједничких југословенских институција, али неће присуствовати раду највиших органа ако нису присутне све републике. Тачка 3 се односни на одлуку да Босна и Херцеговина, имајући у виду њен национални састав, неће прихватити никакво уставно рјешење будуће југословенске заједнице у којој не би истовремено биле и Србија и Хрватска, са којима би требало да буде повезана на исти начин. У сљедећој тачки се наводи да Босна и Херцеговина тежи потпуној демилитаризацији њеног простора, као и да подржава прекид ватре у насталом сукобу, напомињући да ће уложити све напоре да остане неутрална. Даље се у тачки 5 наводи да ставови изнесени у овом Меморандуму изражавају вољу већине посланика Скупштине и да као такви представљају обавезујући основ за понашање државних и политичких органа Републике.

У Меморандуму, у склопу тачке 6, муслимани и Хрвати су представљени као субјект који одлучује о судбини државе и као такви прецизирали су која су подарена права која ће Срби као мањина моћи остваривати. Прецизирањем појединих права Србима, као што су култура, економија, социјална питања, етичност и слично, покушали су да одреде оквир културног идентитета, што је покушај редуковања етничке нације у габарите културолошке етничке групе. Према томе, по Меморандуму скупштинска већина (муслимани и Хрвати) чинили су државотворан народ јер су могли без Срба доносити уставне акте.

Посљедице усвајања Меморандума
Свака одлука Меморандума о суверености Босне и Херцеговине понаособ имала је за циљ да омогући Влади Босне и Херцеговине да донесе одлуку којом изражава жељу да СР Босна и Херцеговина буде призната као независна држава. Меморандум је јасно означио прекретницу, не само јер је наговјештавао политичку будућност Босне и Херцеговине ван Југославије, него и зато што је донесен на основу отвореног раскида националних политичких елита, које су о њему имале потпуно супротне ставове. Меморандум је усвојен без српских представника, чиме је угрожен уставно-правни поредак, јер нико није могао донијети одлуку у име Срба из Босне и Херцеговине да они остану без своје домовине Југославије, односно да буду мањина у независној Босни и Херцеговини.
У складу са тим, као одговор на усвајање Меморандума о суверености Босне и Херцеговине, 24. октобра 1991. године основана је Скупштина српског народа у Босни и Херцеговини.

Види још
 Република Босна и Херцеговина
 Распад СР Босне и Херцеговине
 Референдум о независности Босне и Херцеговине

Референце

Литература
 Кецмановић Ненад, Немогућа држава, Београд 2007.
 Нешковић Радомир, Недовршена држава. Политички систем Босне и Херцеговине, Сарајево, 2013.
 Република Српска у Одбрамбено-отаџбинском рату, историјски преглед, Републички центар за истраживање рата, ратних злочина и тражење несталих лица, Бања Лука, 2018.
 Хронологија догађаја на мјесту претходне Југославије 1990-1995, Бања Лука, 2002.

Спољашње везе
 http://www.pfsa.unsa.ba/pf/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/Memorandum-1991.pdf
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cYBc1gteoMs

1991.
Распад СФРЈ
Историја Босне и Херцеговине у савременом добу

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