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William Stoughton and the Salem Witch Trials
March 15th, 2021 by Susan Holmes
Portrait hangs in the State House in Boston, Mass Painted by Mary Brewster Hazelton (1924)
WILLIAM STOUGHTON
Ok, let's talk about this William Stoughton dude. He is probably the tightest relationship among those of the Salem Witch trials, coming in as a first cousin 13 times removed. You can't pick your relatives …right? My relationship to him comes down through the Green line. Though distinguished as a notable across history…I think the guy stinks through and through. Let me know your opinion.
William was born to the parents of Israel Stoughton and Elizabeth Knight Stoughton and was the grandson of Thomas and Katherine Stoughton (1557-1622) who would be our 12 th great grandparents through the GREEN line. The Stoughton's were wealthy and large landowners but nothing compared to the land that William acquired. Though his date of birth is unknown he was probably born in 1631 and probably born in England somewhere. There are no records to prove that theory or even when exactly they migrated to the Massachusetts Bay Colony but by 1632 the Stoughton's were in Dorchester, Massachusetts and among the early settlers.
EDUCATIONS BEGINS
William was a Harvard graduate with a degree in theology, and it was his intention to become a Puritan minister, so he traveled to England where he attended the New College Oxford to continue his studies. In 1653 he received an MA in theology.
He was a deeply religious man though in my opinion, he needed some lessons in tolerance, and preached "The Lord's Promises and expectations of great things". He preached in Sussex until Charles II was restored to the throne in 1660 and the crackdown on religious dissenters began which caused him to lose his position. The realization that he would not likely get another position in England, he decided to go back to Massachusetts in 1662.
Portrait hanging in the Lucius Clapp Memorial in Stoughton, Mass.
Painted by Phylis Batchelder of Stoughton, Mass.
He refused offers of other ministerial positions and went into politics and land development, however, he did preach in Dorchester and Cambridge on occasion. . (that should have been the first clue!!! ) He served on the colony's council of assistants almost every year from 1671 to 1684. He was among those who were labeled an enemy of the colony for his moderate position on colonial charter issues. When his friend and business partner, Joseph Dudley, wasn't reelected to the council, and Stoughton, who was reelected by a small majority, he thought he'd "show them" by refusing to serve. (Sorry, but I already don't like this guy! )
He and this Peter Bulkley became agents representing the colonial interest in England. For 1,200 lbs they acquired land claims from the heirs of Sir Ferdinando Gorges and John Mason. This conflicted with some Massachusetts land claims in Maine. OHHH this pissed off Charles II because he wanted those claims for the Duke of York. They weren't able to get broader claims made by Massachusetts against other territories of Maine and the province of New Hampshire due to their limited authority and this upset the Lords of Trade because they wanted to have the colonial laws modified to their policies. All this did for Stoughton and Bulkley is piss off the colonial officials in London because they wouldn't give in.
Now, Stoughton and Dudley worked closely together politically and in land development, and they were business partners as well. In partnership with Dudley in the 1680s, Stoughton acquired significant amounts of land from the Nipmuc tribe in today's Worcester county. This partnership included a venture that established Oxford as a place to settle refugee Huguenots.
Now, I don't understand politics much, and I won't begin to tell you that I understand land claims or the like…but it sounds to me like these two dudes were just shady and ruthless. I could be reading more into it than what is because I've already made up my mind that I don't like these guys!
So Dudley and Stoughton basically used their political positions to make sure that the titles to lands they were interested in were judicially cleared which benefitted themselves, their friends, relatives, and other business partners. Crown agent Edward Randolph wrote that it was impossible to bring titles of land to trial before them where his Majesty's rights were concerned, the Judges also being parties.
Stoughton and Dudley ventured to obtain a million acres of land in the Merrimack River valley. Dudley's council, which included Stoughton and other investors, cleared the land's title in May of 1686.
When Dudley was commissioned in 1686 to be the temporary head of the Dominion of New England, guess who he appointed to his council?? Of course, Stoughton, and then he was elected by council to be the deputy president. During the administration of Sir Edmund Andros he served as magistrate on the council. As a magistrate he was especially hard on the town leader of Ipswich who had organized a tax protest against the dominion government, based on a claim that dominion rule without representation violated the right of the Englishmen.
In 1689 when Andros was arrested in an uprising inspired by the 1688 Glorious Revolution in England, guess who was one of the signatories to the declaration of the revolt's ringleaders? Yep you guessed it. Stoughton. His association with Andros made him particularly unpopular and he was denied elective offices. He, of course, appealed to the political power of the Mather family with whom he still had a positive relationship.
Increase (what a name) Mather and Sir William Phips arrived from England in 1692 carrying the charter for the new Province of Massachusetts Bay and a royal commission for Phips as governor, they also brought one for Stoughton as lieutenant governor.
WITHCRAFT ACCUSATIONS BEGIN
By now the rumors of witchcraft were starting to spread like wildfire…especially in Salem.. so Phips appoints Stoughton to be head of a tribunal to deal with those accused of witchcraft, and in June he was appointed chief justice of the colonial courts. He held this post for the rest of his life.
Stoughton was both the chief judge and prosecutor. The terminator so to speak. I mean, this guy was ruthless. In the case of Rebecca Nurse…he sent the jury back from deliberating to reconsider the not guilty verdict they had agreed on. Well, what's the jury to do…they came back with a guilty verdict and poor Rebecca Nurse was convicted.
Stoughton permitted the use of spectral evidence. That is the idea that a demonic vision could only take the shape or appearance of someone who had made a pact with the devil or was engaged in witchcraft. Oh Lordy! That left the door wide open! Cotton Mather argued that this was acceptable when making accusations but some judges did not feel it was acceptable in judicial proceedings. Stoughton was convinced of its acceptability and used his influence on the other judges to see it his way. Now, understand this guy was a Puritan Preacher, and for the times he probably wasn't really so out of line, but I'm having a hard time not judging him.
Phipps oversaw a reorganization of the colony's courts in November and December of 1692, to bring them into conformance with English practice. Stoughton was still sitting as chief justice and was to handle the witchcraft cases in 1693 but was given strict orders to disregard spectral evidence. With this thrown out, there were a significant number of cases that were dismissed due to lack of evidence. It makes me wonder what these accusations did to the accused reputations. Were people sued for slander in those days? I'll have to look that one up.
On January 3 1693 Stoughton ordered the execution of all suspected witches who had been exempted by pregnancy. Phips denied enforcement of the order. This totally pissed Stoughton off and he, once again, thought he would "show them" by leaving the bench for a brief time.
Unlike many others, Stoughton never felt remorse or guilt for the part he played in the convictions of "witches" or the use of spectral evidence during the trials.
Stoughton viewed himself as a caretaker, holding the government together until the crown appointed a new governor. As a consequence, he gave the provincial assembly a significant degree of autonomy, which, once established, complicated the relationship the assembly had with later governors. He also took relatively few active steps to implement colonial policies, and only did the minimum needed to follow instructions from London. A commentator in the colonial office observed that he was a "good scholar", but that he was "not suited to enforce the Navigation Act"
Sounds to me like he was a my way or the highway sort of guy. It's no wonder he died a bachelor.
William Stoughton died at home in Dorchester in 1701, while serving as acting governor, and was buried in the cemetery now known as the North Burying Ground. He was a bachelor, and willed a portion of his estate and his mansion to William Tailer, the son of his sister Rebeccah. Tailer, who was twice lieutenant governor and briefly served as acting governor. He was buried alongside Stoughton.
Stoughton, Massachusetts is named in honor of William, as is one of the Harvard College dormitories at Harvard Yard. Stoughton Hall was made possible by his gift of 1,000 pounds in 1698.
Here you can see pictures of his grave. It's as creepy as he is. https://www.oddthingsiveseen.com/2015/09/villains-end-grave-of-william-stoughton.html
It suits him as the above the ground tomb is engraved with skulls and overgrown with vines.
Here is a break down of the life of William Stoughton.
September 30, 1631: Born in England (or perhaps in Massachusetts), son of Israel and Elizabeth (Knight) Stoughton.
1650: Graduated Harvard University with a degree in theology.
June, 1653: Graduated New College in Oxford, England graduating with a M.A. in Theology.
1660: Served as a curate in Sussex, England.
1662: Returned to Massachusetts after the restoration of King Charles II of England to the throne after losing is position as a curate.
1662: Served as a clergyman in Dorchester, Massachusetts
April 29, 1668: Gave the election sermon (New-Englands True Interest; Not to Lie…, 1670)
1670: New-Englands True Interest; Not to Lie … is published
1671-1674: Selectmen in Dorchester
1676: Sent to England with Peter Bulkeley.
1684-1686: Served as Deputy President of the Colonies temporary
1686: Appointed Deputy to Gov. Joseph Dudley
March 3, 1687: Appointed Judge Assistant by Gov. Joseph Dudley.
1690's : A chief Magistrate and the first Chief Justice of the Massachusetts Supreme Court.
May 14, 1692: Appointed Lieutenant Governor of Massachusetts.
May 27, 1692: Gov. William Phipps issued a commission for a Court of Oyer and Terminer which appoints as judges Lt. Gov. William Stoughton and others, including: John Hawthorne, Nathaniel Saltonstall, Bartholomew Gedney, Peter Sergeant, and Samuel Sewall.
December 22, 1692: Appointed as the first Chief Justice of the Massachusetts Supreme Court.
1694-1699, 1700-1791: Served as acting Governor.
1698-1699: Stoughton Hall built on the grounds of Harvard University.
July 7, 1701: Died at his home at the northeast corner of Pleasant Street and Savin Hill.
1726: The South Precinct of Dorchester in named in his honored after Stoughton.
1781: Original Stoughton Hall torn down.
1805: The present Stoughton Hall at Harvard University is built on a different site.
1828: His tomb is repaired by efforts from Harvard University.
1855: Stoughton School erected in Dorchester, Massachusetts.
Online Sources:
Wikipedia entry on William Stoughton
Official Biography from the Commonwealth of Massachusetts
Salem Witchcraft Trials – Biography on William Stoughton
Biography on University of Missouri-Kansas School of Law
Biography on www.FindaGrave.com
Biography on www.Bookrags.com
The Stoughton Cup presented to Harvard University by William Stoughton in 1701
So what do you think of this guy? What's your opinion? Am I making too much out of it? I mean there is a lot written about him but his involvement with the Witch Trials is probably what he is most remembered for. Would anyone remember him if it hadn't been for the part he played in the hysteria? Let me know your thoughts in the comments and stay tuned as we explore the roles of some others!
Happy Hunting!!
The Pierce Family Historian!
Posted in SALEM WITCH TRIALS, THE SALEM WITCH TRIALSTagged Colonies, Massachusetts, Trial, William Stoughton, Witch4 Comments on William Stoughton and the Salem Witch Trials
SARAH AND DOROTHY GOOD and the Salem Witch Trials
HOW ARE WE CONNECTED TO THE SALEM WITCH TRIAL
OK. Now for the fun stuff. How are we related to those of the Salem Witch Trials? Please take this all with a grain of salt as I have not researched it in it's entirety and am only going from what relative finder has suggested. As we all know, the one family tree on Family Search is not at all reliable as some do no research and add without facts to the tree. However, relative finder is fun to play with and can offer up clues as to where to look for ancestors. None of the relationships mentioned here are set in stone for as I mentioned..I have not taken the time to research them (I'm too busy looking for the family of Daniel Johnson!!!!)
DOROTHY GOOD AND HER MOTHER SARAH
Because Sarah was among the first to be accused of witchery I'm going to start with her and her little daughter Dorothy or Dorcas as some records state. However, some of those on the list will also be mentioned.
Sarah Solart was born to prosperous Wenham innkeeper John Solart and mother Elizabeth about 1653. Her life before tragedy must have been fairly normal and carefree for those days though I can't imagine how they lived at that time. Everything changed for poor Sarah when her father committed suicide in May of 1672. Poor Sarah was barely 17 at the time. "Report of a jury of inquest… appointed upon the sudden death of John Soolart of Wenham, found him accessory to his own death by drowning himself."
Her mother Elizabeth was left with 6 daughters Mary (Solart) Edwards, Elizabeth (Solart) Lovett, Sarah (Solart) Good, Martha (Solart) Killam, Abigail (Solart) Larkum and Bethia (Solart) Herrick . After paying his debts, Solarts estate was valued at 500 pounds. Though the inheritance was to go to his daughters, Elizabeth quickly remarried a man by the name of Ezekiel Woodward. Her new husband got her share of the estate and refused to give the girls their share. (Ya think he was a gold digger?)
In 1682 Sarah married Daniel Poole who was an indentured servant. This would have made her about 29 when she married so perhaps she lived with her mother and step father up to that time. Daniel died in 1686 just four years after their marriage. This was the start of a downward spiral that Sarah just never seemed to pull out of. He left her butt deep in debt.
There was little a woman could do in those days to help themselves and without a family she did the next best thing and married William Good. Due to the lawsuits and debt that had piled up because of her first husband, they could barely survive. William was a common laborer and the debt was more that he could afford. Soon they found themselves homeless and poverty stricken. They lost their home in Salem to creditors and they went to begging to keep from starving. "Known as a pipe-smoking, muttering beggar, Sarah would go door-to-door with her 4-year-old daughter Dorothy in tow." She was described as "a forlorn, friendless, and forsaken creature, broken down by wretchedness of conditions and ill-repute."
It's hard to imagine the helplessness she must have felt. She surely was ashamed of her conditions and if you have ever been there…you know the feeling of helplessness I'm talking about. My heart just goes out to this poor woman. Sarah had long been a melancholy and somewhat confrontational woman, but under the circumstances…wouldn't you be too? So what do the good neighbors do? They accuse her of being a witch. I suppose she was an easy target due to her calamity, but good LORD! It's just hard for me to believe that people were that easily swayed.
It all started on March 1, 1692, when Sarah Good was charged with witchcraft, along with Sarah Osborne, and Tituba by the girls Abigail Williams and Elizabeth Parris . Sarah Good was an easy target for witchcraft. She was a beggar, almost at the very bottom of the social ladder. When Sarah Good was charged, she was a complete wreck. She was only 38 when she was accused but because of her conditions looked old beyond her years. To top it all off, she was pregnant, and also had a four and a half year old daughter, little impressionable Dorothy who also was coerced into testifying against her mother. She was a beggar, often muttered to herself, and cursed people who did not give her charity. During her trial, she said that she was muttering psalms to herself. Unfortunately, she could not come up with any of the psalms during her trial. Some think that was too much of a coincidence. She also never attended church. Even the most trusting Congregationalists would find that a bit odd. In court, Sarah said that she did not attend church because she did not have clothes good enough for church.
And let's talk about that husband of hers. Instead of sticking up for her he just joined right in and accused her too. I suppose under the circumstances it was his way of lightening the load or perhaps taking the focus off himself. On 1 Mar 1692, Colonel John Hathorne and Captain Jonathan Corwin examined her at Salem. At this time, her husband bizarrely testified, "She is an enemy to all good" and she "was a witch or would be one very quickly." After a second examination on 5 Mar 1692, where her husband again testified, "William Good saith that the night before his s'd wife was Examined he saw a wart or tett a little belowe her Right shoulder which he never saw before… They sent her to the jail in Boston on 7 Mar 1692. On 29 May 1692, the Boston jailer submitted his bill, "against the country," for "chains for Sarah Good and Sarah Osburn, 14 shillings…
Poor Sarah was considered guilty before the trial ever began. No one doubted that she and poor ole Sarah Osborne were witches. Sarah Osborne died in prison so she never made it to a hanging.
Sarah gave birth to her baby daughter Mercy Good while she was in locked up and not surprisingly the baby died shortly after birth probably due to malnourishment and prison conditions. Now things weren't bad enough for this poor woman but to have her little girl also accused. Sarah's daughter, Dorothy (the name Dorcas was also recorded erroneously) was only four and a half years old at the time. On March 24, she was taken custody, and was interrogated by the local magistrates for two weeks. Hungry, cold and missing her mother, Dorcas broke down and told the inquisitors what they wanted to hear, that her mother was a witch, consorted with the devil, and also that her mother had given her a snake that bit her. She was delivered to the Boston jail, but as the jails overflowed with the accused, she and her mother were transferred to the Ipswich jail. Mary Walcott and Ann Putnam II claimed the child was deranged and repeatedly bit them as if she were an animal.
Sarah Good and Sarah Osborne were not "condemned … when they refused to confess" . The court used spectral evidence, the afflicted reactions to the accused, and the statements of others to convict. After testimony against her by "William Allen, John Hughes, Samuell Brabrooke, Mary Walkut, Mercy Lewis, Sarah Vibber' Abig'll Williams, Elizabeth Hubberd, Ann Putman, Tittube indian, Richard Patch," and other Salem neighbors, she was indicted on 28 Jun 1692 for "afflicting Sarah Bibber, Elizabeth Hubbart, and Ann Puttnam."
Sarah Good never confessed her guilt, even as her four year old daughter, Dorothy, was also accused and jailed….and she was hanged on 19 Jul 1692 at Proctor's Ledge, Gallows Hill, Salem, Massachusetts Bay.
On the Gallow ladder Sarah's last words were to Rev. Nicholas Noyes who urged her to confess:
"You are a liar. I am no more a witch than you are a wizard, and if you take away my life God will give you blood to drink,"
(Warrant for the Apprehension of Dorothy Good )
[March 23,1692]
To The Marshall of Essex or his Dep't. You are in theire Majests names hereby required to bring before us Dorcas Good the Daugter of W'm Good of Salem Village tomorrow morneing upon suspition of acts of Witchcraft by her committed according to Complaints made against her by Edw'd Putnam & Jonat putnam of Salem Village.and hereof faile not Dated Salem. March 23d 1691/2
Per us *John Hathorne ] Assists. *Jonathan. Corwin ] Assists.
March 23d. 1691/2. I doe apoint mr Sam'll Bradbrook to bee my lawffull Deputy, to serve this summons and to make A true Returne per *George Herrick Marshall of Essex.
(Reverse) March 24. 1691/2 I have taken the body of Dorcas Good and brought her to the house of leut Nath: Ingersol and is in Costody #[there] *Sammuall brabrook Marshall's Deputy.
( Essex County Court Archives, Salem — Witchcraft Vol. 1, no. 61 )
Dorothy, referred to as "Dorcas" on the warrant for her arrest, received a brief hearing in which the accusers repeatedly complained of bites on their arms. She was sent to jail, becoming at age five the youngest person to be jailed during the witch trials. Two days later, she was visited by Salem officials. She claimed she owned a snake given to her by her mother that talked to her and sucked blood from her finger.
Dorothy remained in jail from March 24, 1692, the day she was arrested, until 10 December, when she was released on bond. She was never indicted or tried.
The Deposition of Ann Putnam, 3th March 1691/92
"I saw the Apparition of Dorothy Good, Sarah Good's daughter who did immediately almost choke me and tortured me most grievously: and so she hath several times since tortured me by biting and pinching and almost choking me, tempting me also to write in her book, and also on the day of her examination, the Apparition of Dorothy Good tortured me during the time of her Examination and several times since."
During Sarah Good's trial, Dorcas said that her mother had given her a snake. She showed the judge a red spot where she said that the snake bit her and sucked her blood. That was a big part of why Sarah was found guilty. Unfortunately for Dorcas, that snakebite also got her accused. The fact that her mother was an accused witch put and even bigger target on young Dorcas' face.
Dorcas was "examined" by officials for two weeks. Finally, she broke down crying and confessed. It is said that she confessed because she wanted to be with her mother. Little did she know that her mother, Sarah Good was to be taken away to be executed soon. Then, Dorcas was really alone. She spent several months in prison, unable to walk, and seeing little to no sunlight. None of the prisoners or wardens cared for her. All she could do was play with a little piece of cloth. If she moved any body part except her fingers, she would feel pain. At first she shouted and sobbed, but eventually, her spirit died, and she would just be silent.
Dorcas was in jail for eight months from March 24, 1692 until December 10, 1692. She was never charged, but was kept in the cold Ipswich jail until her her poor father managed to gather up £50 for Dorothy's bail and "board." By that time, the child suffered from grave psychological damage that would destroy the rest of her life. By some historic accounts, she had become insane.. When she left jail, she was a sad five-year old girl who later grew up to be a mad woman who could not do anything.
Sadly, no one seems to care that Sarah died. Everyone seems to think that justice was served, and that Sarah Good was a witch. Even those who didn't believe in witches were glad to get rid of her. It was Dorcas Good who got people to take a closer look. For starters, she was only four and a half years old. A four-year-old child got held in jail for over eight months. That poked at several people's consciences. Fortunately, Dorcas has not gone mad in vain. She is remembered. Sarah's husband received compensation money, and Dorcas' madness and young age is one step closer to the ending of the witch-hunts.
I still wonder if those people felt remorse for what they did. They had to didn't they? I mean holy moley! It just hard to digest!
Examination of Dorothy Good, as Told by Deodat Lawson)
The Magistrates and Ministers also did informe me, that they apprehended a child of Sarah G. and Examined it, being between 4 and 5 years of Age And as to matter of Fact, they did Unanimously affirm, that when this Child, did but cast its eye upon the afflicted persons, they were tormented, and they held her Head, and yet so many as her eye could fix upon were afflicted. Which they did several times make careful observation of: the afflicted complained, they had often been Bitten by this child, and produced the marks of a small set of teeth, accordingly, this was also committed to Salem Prison; the child looked hail, and well as other Children. I saw it at Lievt. Ingersols After the commitment of Goodw. N. Tho: Putmans wife was much better, and had no violent fits at all from that 24th of March to the 5th of April. Some others also said they had not seen her so frequently appear to them, to hurt them.
( Deodat Lawson. A Brief and True Narrative of Some Remarkable Passages Relating to Sundry Persons Afflicted by Witchcraft, at Salem Village Which happened from the Nineteenth of March to the Fifth of April 1692. Boston: Benjamin Harris, 1692, p. 9.)
(Mercy Lewis v. Dorothy Good )
[+ March 24, 1692]
The Deposistion of Mercy lewes aged about 19 years who testifieth and saith that on the 3d April 1692 the Apperishtion of Dorrithy good Sarah goods daughter came to me and did afflect me urging me to writ in hir book.
(Reverse) Mercy Lewis against Dorothy. Good .
(Mary Walcott v. Dorothy Good )
[+ March 24,1692]
The deposition of mary walcott agged about 17 years who testifieth that about the 21: march 1691/92 I saw the Apperishtion of Dorothy good sarah goods daughter com to me and bit me and pinch me and so she contineued afflecting me by times tell 24 march being the day of hir examination and then she did torment and afflect me most greviously dureing the time of hir examination and also severall times sence the Apperishtion of Dorothy good has afflected me by biting pinching and almost choaking me urging me to writ in hir book.
(Reverse) Mary Walcott agst Dorothy. Good — Dorothy good
(Ann Putnam, Jr. v. Dorothy Good )
The Deposistion of Ann putnam who testifieth and saith that on the 3th March 1691/92 I saw the Apperishtion of Dorythy good Sarah good's daughter who did immediatly almost choak me and tortored me most greviously: and so she hath severall times sence tortored me by biting and pinching and almost choaking me tempting me also to writ in hir book and also on the day of hir examination being the 24 March 1691/92 the Apperishtion of Dorithy good ly totor me dureing the time of hir Examination and severall times sence.
(Reverse) Ann puttnam ag't Dorothy Good
(Recognizance for Dorothy Good )
[December 10, 1692]
That on the Tenth day of December 1692 Samuel Ray of Salem. appeared before me Underwritten One of the Councill for their Maj:tis Province of the Massachusets Bay in New England and acknowledged himselfe Indebted unto Our Soveraign Lord & Lady the king & Queen the Sume of fifty pounds Currant Money of New: England on the Condition hereafter Named — Vid't: That Dorothy Good Daughter of William Good of Salem Labourer being Imprisoned on Suspicion of her being Guilty of the Crime of Witchcraft & being Now Let to Bail. that if the Said Dorothy Good Shall appear at the Next assize & Gener'll Goal Delivery to be holden at Salem & abide the Courts Judgment then the above Recognisance to be void Else to remain in force & vertue
(Reverse) Recog'ce not copied
( Essex County Court Archives, Salem — Witchcraft Vol. 2, no. 185 )
Stay tuned for more.
Happy Hunting
Posted in SALEM WITCH TRIALS, UncategorizedTagged Dorothy Good, Putman, Salem, Sarah Good, Trial, Witch, Wolcott2 Comments on SARAH AND DOROTHY GOOD and the Salem Witch Trials
Salem Massachuetts AND The Salem Witch Trials
February 24th, 2021 by Susan
The saddest story in the history of the country is that of the witch craze at Salem, Massachusetts, brought about by a negro woman and company of girls. The negress, Tituba, was a slave, whom Rev Samuel Parris, one of the ministers of Salem, had purchased in Barbados. We may think of Tituba as seated in the old kitchen of Mr. Parris's house during the long winter evening, telling witch stories to the minister's niece, Elizabeth, who was nine years old. She draws a circle in the ashes on the hearth, burns a lock of hair, and mutters some gibberish. They are incantations to call up the devil and his imps. The girls of the village gather in the old kitchen to hear Tituba's stories, and to mutter words that have no meanings. The girls were Abigail Williams, who was eleven, Anne Putnam who was twelve, Mary Walcot,and Mary Lewis who were seventeen, Elizabeth Hubbard, Elizabeth Booth, and Susannah Sheldon, eighteen, and two servant girls, Mary Warren and Sarah Churchill. Tituba taught them to bark like dogs, mew like cats, grunt like hogs, and to creep through chairs and under tables on their hands and feet, and to pretend to have spasms.
Mr. Parris had read the books and pamphlets published in England, how persons bewitched acted like animals, and went into spasms, and he came to the conclusion that they were bewitched. He sent for Doctor Griggs, who said that the girls were not sick, and without doubt were bewitched.
THE TOWN WAS ON FIRE!
People came to see the girls, who delighted with the success of their play, crept about all the more like cats and dogs, barking, mewing, and uttering piercing screams.
Sunday came, and when the congregation had finished singing, Abigail Williams said to Mr. Parris, "Now stand up and name your text."
The minister and everybody else was amazed, but he read his text.
"It is a long one," said Abigail.
The minister went on with his preaching.
"There, we have had enough of that," shouted another girl.
"There is a yellow bird on the minister's hat," cried Anne Putnam.
The parents of the girls stood aghast, and Mr. Parris, believing that they were assaulted by the devil, invited the ministers of the other parishes to come and hold a day of fasting and prayer. The ministers assembled, saw the girls go into fits, rolling their eyes, holding their breath, muttering gibberish, peeping like frogs, barking like dogs, and devoutly believed that they were bewitched. They prayed solemnly and fervently, recalling the saying of Jesus Christ, "This kind goeth not out except by fasting and prayer."
The news spread quickly, and the people came in crowds to see the girls.
"Who bewitched you?' they asked.
"Sarah Good, Sarah Osburn, and Tituba," the girls answered.
Sarah Good was a poor old woman, who begged her bread from door to door. Sarah Osburn was old, wrinkled, and sickly.
What a scene was around the meeting house, March 1st, 1692!
All of Salem was there, for the women who were accused of being witches were to be examined by the justices.
Sheriff and constable escorted the justices, John Hathorne and Jonathan Corwin, from Thomas Beadle's tavern to the meeting house and gave them seats in front of the pulpit. Rev. Parris prayed that God would direct them. The girls were there, and Sarah Good was brought in by the sheriff.
"Have you made a contract with the devil?" asked Justice Hathorne.
"Children, is this the person who hurt you?"
"Yes, she is sticking pins into me!" the girls screeched.
"Why do you torment the children?"
The girls went on with their screeching, and the justice and all the people were so deluded, and were such firm believers in witchcraft, that they accepted all that the girls said as truth, and the denials of the wrinkled old women as lies.
"Sara Osburn, have you made a contract with the devil? Asked the justice.
"I never saw the devil."
"Why do you hurt the children?"
"I do not hurt them."
"SHE DOES! She Does!" said the girls, and the people decided in their minds against her.
"Tituba, why do you hurt the children?"
"Who is it, then?"
"The devil, for aught I know."
"Did you see the devil?"
"Yes, he came to me and bid me serve him. Sarah Good and Sarah Osburn wanted me to hurt the children, but I would not."
"How does the devil appear when he comes to you?"
"Sometimes like a hog, and sometimes like a great black dog."
"What else have you seen?"
"Two cats, one red, and the other black. I saw them last night, and they said "Serve me, but I would not."
"What did they want you to do?"
"Hurt the children."
"Did you not pinch Elizabeth Hubbard?"
"Yes, they made me pinch her, and wanted me to kill her with a knife."
"How do you ride when you go to meet the devil?"
"On a stick. I ride in front, and Sarah Good and Sarah Osburn behind me. We go up over trees, and in a short time are in Boston or anywhere else."
Tituba had a great many other things to tell…that the devil sometimes wore a tall black hat, that one of his imps was about three feet high, hairy all over, and had a long nose, and that the imp came into Mr. Parris's house and stood by the fire.
The people believed her. Would she be likely to admit that she was a witch if she were not one?
The girls accused her of pinching them and she acknowledged that she did so. Therefore, the girls were telling the truth and Sarah Osburn and Sarah Good, were liars. So the justice and the people reasoned, and the sheriff took them to Ipawich jail which was about 10 miles away, and the people went home to talk over the event.
The ministers of Salem, Boston, and the surrounding towns met to consult over the situation. Among them was the learned Cotton Mather who accepted the terrible accounts as truth which had reached him from England. Few if any doubted that the girls were bewitched, and the girls were loving the attention so went on with their creeping, barking, mewing, and falling into convulsions, and crying that someone was sticking pins in them. They accused Martha Corey and Rebecca Nurse, two women who were kind to the poor, and very religious, but so credulous were Rev. Parris and Rev. Noyes and everyone else, that they were arrested. When they were examined before the justice, the girls all cried out that the women were tormenting them. "I am as innocent as a child unborn," said Mrs. Nurse: but the people, the ministers, and the justices, all lost their heads, and the women were committed to prison
. Mrs. Good had a little girl, Dorcas who was five years old, and the girls said that Dorcas helped her mother in tormenting them. "She bites me!" they cried, and showed the prints of teeth on their arms. The sheriff arrested Dorcas and put her in prison, where she was chained with her mother. It was believed that unless the witches were chained they would fly out through the keyhole. Sara Cloyse and Elizabeth Proctor were the next accused. The judges met sometimes at Thomas Beadle's tavern and sometimes in the meeting house.
The news spread quickly. No one doubted that the devil had come in great wrath to afflict the good people of Salem. Rev Lawson, Rev Parris, Rev Noyes, and other ministers preached sermons against witchcraft, making it clear that these manifestations were without a doubt produced by the devil. The whole colony was up in arms, and Lieutenant -Governor Danforth and his councillors, which consisted of six hundred men, went to Salem to sit in judgement at the trial of Sarah and Elizabeth. Abigail Williams brought a horrible accusation.
"I saw a company of witches at the Rev Parris's house," she said; "there were forty of them. They had a sacrament, and Sarah Cloyse and Sarah Good were their deacons, and the witches drank blood."
Sarah Cloyse fainted at the terrible accusation, and the girls went into convulsions. John, a negro of Mr Parris, rolled and tumbled upon the floor, and all cried out that the witches were tormenting them.
Governor Danforth and his councillors were amazed. The prisoners had no one to help them. There were few lawyers in America at that time. The governor and the judges asked them questions, having already made up his mind that they were witches, and poor women, friendless and alone, had nothing to say except "We are innocent."
No one believed them but took the word of the girls as the truth. The poor women were thrown into prison.
Instead of there being fewer witches, there were more, and in a short time the jails were filled with men and women. Among those arrested was Rev. George Burroughs, who had once preached in Salem, but who was living in Maine. The sheriff made a long journey to arrest him.
Not only the girls and Tituba, but others accused those arrested of being witches. If a man had anything against his neighbor, it was easy for him to take revenge by accusing him of exercising witchcraft. Samuel Shattuck who dyed clothes for a living, had trouble with Bridget Bishop. John the negro also had a grievance against her, and testified that she was a witch. "I saw her go through a hole no larger than my hand, " said John. The judges believe him.
Samuel Shattuck's child had fits. "I believe it is the work of Bridget," he said.
WHAT COULD THE JUDGES DO?
They condemned them to be hung. The Bible commanded that witches should not live. For one hundred and fifty years the laws of England had been in force against witches. Thirty thousand had been executed in England. Parliament had appointed a witch finder. King James had written a book against them. Archbishop Jewell had begged Queen Elizabeth to burn them. Rev Richard Baxter, whose name was reverenced all over, had written against the witches. In all lands they were seen as the enemies of God and man as they were conspiring with the Evil One against the livelihood of the community. The great and good Lord Chief justice of England, Mathew Hale had condemned those to death who were not near so diabolical as the accused, and had written a book referring from the Bible that witches were in cahoots with the devil!
Besides the people of Salem, the friends and neighbors all believed that the accused were witches, and ought to be put to death. They were magistrates, appointed by God, as they believed, to administer the laws faithfully and impartially. They had seen the girls go into fits and convulsions, and heard them cry when the witches pinched them. With the rest of the world, the judges lost their minds, and condemned the poor people accused to death.
TO THE HILL THEY GO!
Gallows were erected on a hill overlooking the village. Through the streets of Salem rattled the cart that bore them to their place of execution. They climbed the ladder with the halter around their necks, men and women, the minister, and those who had listened to his preaching.
People gazed in horror as their old friends and neighbors, swang in the air struggling at the throes of death. When life was gone from them, the bodies were thrown into holes, and piled with dirt. They trampled it down, and thought of them as suffering the torments of the devil.
HOW HORRIBLE!
If we were living in those days would we too have lost our judgement, reason, and common sense?
The wisest and best of men in 1692 fell for it, under the terrible delusion, wild foundation, and lamentable ignorance of the period.
Nineteen men and women were hung.
Giles Corey, who would neither say "Guilty" or "Not Guilty, " had rocks piled upon him til he was crushed to death.
One hundred and fifty men and women were thrown into prison before the people came to their senses!
The wife of Rev. Hale, of Beverly, was accused. There was not a woman in Massachusetts more beloved, honored and respected. The people were amazed. They could not believe that such a godly woman would join with the devil. They began to see, what they had not thought of before, was that perhaps the girls were lying about the witches tormenting them. The judges had not questioned the girls, …only the accused. The denials had been disregarded . Why would young girls lie?
THE SPELL WAS BROKEN
People saw that they had been under a delusion. Samuel Sewall, one of the judges, humbly confessed on Sunday in the old South Church in Boston, with tears rolling down his cheeks, and ever after, so long as he lived, kept a day of fasting and repentance once a year to manifest his sorrow to the world.
"Touching and sad a tale is told,
Like a penitent hymn of the Psalmist old,
Of the fast which the good man life long kept,
With a haunting sorrow that never slept.
As the circling years brought round the time
Of an error that left the sting of crime."
SET THEM FREE
The sheriff threw open the prison doors and the prisoners accused of being witches were released. The girls, having no one to believe their accusations, had no more stories to tell of being tormented. The great wave of superstition that had sent hundreds of thousands to an untimely grave in Europe, died out in the village of Salem.
Though fully and humbly confessing for their actions found little happiness in life. Forever before their eyes were the swinging forms of those who had died upon the gibbet due to their childish pranks and the terrible tragedy they had mustered.
I cannot begin to imagine the guilt they must have carried with them throughout their lives.
I hope you enjoyed this episode for the Salem Witch Trials. Stay tuned for upcoming post as I will reveal to you how The Pierce Family has connections to some of those involved. If you liked this post please leave me a comment in the comment section and STAY tuned for the next post. My source of information here was mostly from the book Old Times in the Colonies by Charles Carleton Coffin as well as most of the pictures. No copyright infringement was intended.
Posted in SALEM WITCH TRIALS, THE SALEM WITCH TRIALSTagged Booth Sheldon, coffin, Corey Proctor, Good, Hubbard, judge, Lewis, Massachusetts, Nurse, Osburn Mather, Parris, Putnam, Salem, Shattuck, trials, Williams Walcot, Witch1 Comment on Salem Massachuetts AND The Salem Witch Trials


text:
Q: Uncaught TypeError: undefined is not a function for window.location.pathname I keep getting Uncaught TypeError: undefined is not a function for the following code:
var jay = /^(\/gallery\/P[\w\dåäö\/]+)$/;
if(window.location.pathname.test(jay)) {  // It complains about this line
    alert(2);
}

console.log(window.location.pathname) prints /gallery/P1290574/%C3%A4ndra. The file is encoded in UTF-8. In the address bar it says /gallery/P1290574/ändra. When I run the regex on regexpal.com against /gallery/P1290574/ändra, it works like a charm but not on my website.
What have I missed? Do I have to change the regex so it can identify %C3%A4 too?

A: This should work for you:
var jay = /^(\/gallery\/P[\w\dåäö\/]+)$/;
if(jay.test(window.location.pathname)) {
    alert(2);
}

You've got the syntax of .test() backwards. It goes like this:
regex.test(variable);

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


CEJ Victory for Culturally Responsive Education!
Today the Mayor announced that the City is putting $23 million into the Executive budget for culturally responsive education and anti-bias trainings for tens of thousands of school staff. This is in direct response to the tireless work of parents from the NYC Coalition for Educational Justice (CEJ). Parents have been fighting, organizing and advocating for this for over a year, even delivering 20,000 petition signatures to City Hall a few weeks ago.
Click here to learn how CEJ has worked to make Culturally Responsive Education a reality in NYC schools.


text:
the metabunker
by matthias wivel & friends
« Shot in the Head
Shot in the Head II »
At Nightfall
Published on 20. 05. 2008 in commentary and criticism and pictorial arts. Closed
There is a distinct sense of hesitation to the work of the Italian Renaissance painter Sebastiano del Piombo (1485-1547). In spite of a high level of craft and an acute visual sensibility, many of his pictures are characterised by a searching insecurity, which also seems reflected in his notoriously low rate of productivity. According to Vasari's biography, his longtime friend and mentor, Michelangelo, went as far as to describe him as plain lazy. He did this at a time when the two artists had fallen out — allegedly over the older master choosing fresco instead of oil as the medium for his Sistine Last Judgement — but is somehow characteristic of the professional relationship that more than anything determined Sebastiano's career as an artist. The creative boost he got from the older artist's Protean vision developed over time to become a crushing creative dependency.
Sebastiano's portrait of the Flemish ambassador to Rome Ferry Carondelet (c. 1512-13), which is part of the great monographic show of his work, the first ever, that just closed in Rome and will open in Berlin at the end of June, is a prime example of his searching acuity in front of a sitter. Carondelet has momentarily stopped dictating to his alertly awaiting secretary. In the left part of the frame another servant has just entered carrying a message; he sees us and stops. But Carondelet does not see us — he looks inward, plunged in thought, hesitating. And while the immediate surroundings are painted with Flemish precision — presumably to cater to the taste of the patron – the contours of Carondelet's face dissolve in the slowly diminishing evening light.
Sebastiano's venezianismo is apparent. He was born Sebastiano Luciani, either in Venice proper or somewhere in the immediate surroundings of the lagoon, and was a pupil of Giovanni Bellini's, the artist who in the latter half of the 15th Century more than anyone had been responsible for bringing natural light into the art of painting. He was also a colleague of the slightly older Giorgione, who situated man in landscapes endowed with animated life and thereby effected a decisive change in Venetian painting. The haze of the evening landscape and Carondelet lost in thought owe a considerable debt to Giorgione's lyricism, but Sebastiano brings to the work a greater sense of substance, not just in the decor but in the characterisation of the sitter himself. There is more of a concrete presence in this picture than in the few, fascinatingly elusive surviving portraits from Giorgione's hand.
Impressively, the show collects almost every single work still extant from Sebastiano's time in Venice. This affords the viewer a great opportunity to appreciate just how innovative and ambitious an artist he was. The altarpiece for San Giovanni Crisostomo (c. 1509-10) is, for example, a radical interpretation of the traditional, frontally organized Sacra Conversazione (i.e. the Virgin and Child surrounded by saints), a genre in which Bellini had long been the master. Saint Chrysostom sits concentrating on his work, drenched in the late afternoon sun that also illuminates the Carondelet portrait and so many other pictures by Sebastiano. The primary innovation here is that the composition has been turned, so that we are seeing the protagonist and the surrounding architecture at a 90-degree angle. The framing and the diagonals created by the saints' attributes tighten up the surface and set the scene for an elegant arrangement of the figures both across the surface and in depth. Sebastiano makes genuine conversation out of his sacred model.
This acute attention to both space and surface influenced Sebastiano's younger colleague Titian — who at this time was yet to become the major figure we know him as — in important ways. The latter's groundbreaking, diagonally-arranged so-called Pesaro Madonna in the Church of the Frari in Venice (1519-26) is, for example, a further development of the San Giovanni Crisostomo altarpiece. And the four gently stolid saints Sebastiano painted for the organ shutters of San Bartolomeo (c. 1510-11) exhibit passages of loosely expressive strokes of a kind Titian — who is famous for his open brushwork — would only fully exceed more than twenty years later.
As the premier painter of Venice, Sebastiano was hired in 1511 by the Pope's banker Agostino Chigi, who at the time was providing crucial loans for Venice to fight the war it was involved in with France, Spain and the Holy Roman Empire. Chigi brought him to Rome, where he met Michelangelo and was almost immediately embroiled in the latter's intense rivalry with the upstart Raphael, who was quickly becoming the favourite of Pope Julius II. A thankless situation for any artist, even one of Sebastiano's talent, but at the same time one that initially led to the most productive and arguably creatively fertile period in his life.
Michelangelo's larger-than-life treatments of the passion of the individual in his aspiration to the Divine fed Sebastiano's sense of the monumental. In several important instances at different points in his career, he even worked on the basis of drawn designs sent to him by the older master from Florence where the latter spent most of his time between 1516 and the early 1530s. Sebastiano's pictures of these years thus offer a unique synthesis of Venetian luminosity and Central Italian delineation. As time went on, however, the more subtle human qualities of his work waned in favour of greater abstraction. The best pictures of the 1520s and 30s have a gigantesque, at times almost iconic quality to them. Sculptural volume wedded to graphic clarity across the surface in a way that anticipates the high-contrast condensation of essential elements in the work of a Zurbarán, or the analytic treatment of basic form in that of a Poussin or a Cézanne.
But just as often, the figures appear as if modelled in wax and the compositions lack the command and vitality of earlier times, while chromatic richness is eschewed in favour of clear demarcation of local colour. Especially the work of the last 20 years of Sebastiano's life, while still well crafted, is for the most part but a shadow of earlier glories. Part of the explanation for this should probably be sought in his presumably rather traumatic experiences during the Sack of Rome by Imperial troops in 1527 and what followed. In 1529, he returned to the city after a time in Venice to join his similarly newly returned patron, Pope Clement VII and in 1531 he was anointed piombatore, i.e. Bearer of the Papal Seal, for his loyalty and thereby acquired the moniker by which we know him today.
In the years following this major recognition, his productivity waned drastically. His newfound security was surely a contributing factor, but it seems his creative hesitation went deeper. Contemporary accounts suggest a creatively spent artist, an impression that is only reinforced by his own moving statement, late in life, that he felt it took him two years to complete what other painters in Rome would take two months to finish.
One thing he devoted a lot of his time towards from the early 1530s on was the development of new painting techniques, especially concerning the application of oil on stone. As initially mentioned, it was apparently his wish that Michelangelo adopt his generally successful findings in this area that led to his break with the older master who had returned to Rome in 1534 to paint his Last Judgement. We can only guess at what this estrangement from the man who had been such a dominating influence on him must have meant for Sebastiano, but it is clear that the shadow of the master lies heavy over his art to the very end. Michelangelo had both given and taken away.
As mentioned, their collaboration had culminated during the first years of their friendship, and is especially unforgettably embodied in the Pietà (i.e. the Madonna lamenting the dead Christ) that Sebastiano painted for a subsidiary altar in the church of San Francesco in Viterbo, North of Rome, in 1516. There is some disagreement about how much of the composition should be credited to Michelangelo, but the Madonna is obviously his invention, and if nothing else the body of Christ recalls his own, famous Pietà in St. Peter's. (1498-1500). Whatever the case might be, Sebastiano made what in its basic concept is a quintessentially michelangelesque idea his own.
The picture is an almost insistently emphatic statement of a belief in transcendence. The crepuscular glow that as already mentioned illuminates so many of Sebastiano's paintings is here giving final way to night. The soul of Christ has left his body and Mary is aware of this. With fragile yet resolute trust, she turns her face towards the moonlit heavens, and we as observers are invited to follow her beyond the dark and desolate landscape of our transient subsistence. This is fully conversant with Michelangelo's doubting idealism and hope for Being beyond the flesh, but Sebastiano's painterly lyricism imbues it with an acutely sensuous quality that is alien to the older master's sensibility. The body of Christ is of such physical beauty that the eye of the beholder is tempted to linger with it and forget what lies beyond. To hesitate and remain in the dark.
The exhibition, curated by Claudio Strignatti, is on display at Palazzo Venezia until June 2. It will open at the Gemäldegalerie in Berlin on June 28. Hopefully it will be installed with greater sensitivity there. The show in Rome is one of the most poorly installed shows I have ever seen. The paintings are displayed in separate boxes that prevent one from taking in more than one at a time, properly comparing juxtaposed works, or getting sufficiently close to study Sebastiano's brushwork. To make things worse, several of them are behind thick glass. The fascinating display of drawings is even worse: the works are also placed in boxes behind glass and placed on a plane surface instead of hung on a wall, making it almost impossible to properly study them. Everything is underlit, and the exhibition is given as egregious a theatrical design as I have ever seen. The hang is dissonant with the concept of the individual rooms as expressed in the accompanying texts, which by the way are marred by a translation into English that is unacceptably amateurish for such a high-profile show.
Nevertheless, the exhibition offers a singular opportunity to gain a retrospective overview of the work of a major and thoroughly fascinating artist of the 16th Century. Catch it in Rome or — surely better — Berlin. Also, take a look at the solid catalogue published in conjunction. The essays are of varying quality, but the actual catalogue by Mauro Lucco, Roberto Contini, Paul Joannides, and others — which covers the entirety of Sebastiano's oeuvre, not just the works in the exhibition — is a welcome addition to the lamentably sparse literature.
The last image is the Budapest Christ with the Cross, painted with oil on marble in the late 1530s.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


All kids in the Netherlands are encouraged to play outside today for the ninth edition of "Play Outside Day", initiated by organization Jantje Beton and children's channel Nickelodeon, NU.nl reports.
To encourage kids to play outside, activities are organized around the country by parents, community groups, schools and the kids themselves. Nickelodeon is also not broadcasting any kids' shows today.
According to spokesperson Yvette de Vries de Loos, this Play Outside Day is becoming increasingly important. "Playing outside used to be very common, but nowadays its no longer something that just happens. One in five children do not or only once a week play freely outside. 80 percent of children do not exercise enough." she said to NU.nl. "Outdoor play is essential for growing into a balanced adult. It is good for motor development, self-confidence, creativity and concentration and performance at school."
Everyone organizing activities were encouraged to register them on the Play Outside Day website, so that kids can check what's going on in their area. The organization thinks that about 90 thousand kids will play outside today.


...Thank Christophe! I remember this nice Shoebill in your favorite models top (b.t.w. on russian this bird - "kitoglav" from words "kit" (whale) and "g(0)lava" (head)) Very interesting brand with qualitative models!
I bought it from Amazon.co.jp in 2010. And now is out of stock and sometimes you may find it in ebay too!!
In Singapore you can still find some others interesting animal series from Japan and is more cheaper!
Sergey, Ken and Harriet... I loove your collections!!! They are AMAZING!!
Wonderful to see these collections in this forum. It is a feast for the eyes!
all members guètent and hunting animals for any collection.
A hobby that hides many hours of work and research.
You are real sick and in addition it is highly contagious, I am also addicted, but it's such a wonderful passion.
A lot of Dino models is on my list now. And I like the concept of Shelving mount on the wall.
Christophe, your collection is beautiful!! So many gorgeous figurines, I especially love the desk display, all your Kaiyodo and other birds.
- but having so many fantastic figueres so well displayed together... I can only say : SØØØde milde Mammon !
Thank you Sergey You can have batches of questions, they are very welcome. I will make better shelves and better pics asap.
...In a boxes!!?? It,s crime!!! For who? We live HERE and NOW not for future! We must see our beauty every day! My cabinet-room with my collection shelves (as my friends say) is "mighty generator of positive emotions"! NO BOXES!!!
Will be necessary to look at each picture slowly to marvel.
And I will have many questions to my friend.....and I will copy pics in my computer.
Wow! I really have enjoyed seeing everyone's collections!
I know you have a very good collections too!
Oh my Christophe... Your collection is huge I had no idea :) I like your vitrines!! All of them!
You have really wonderful collection... and still half of it in boxes?
What is the terror bird from(Next to the smilodon)?
Wonderful, amazing, inspiring and huge!
And so wonderfully displayed, arranged, so amazing!!! Thank You for showing us these photos!!!
Thank You again Christophe, Crazy Macaque-Animal-Collector!!!
Thanks. Again, still speechless! What a collection!
Here my 2 shelves. On upper one I put some of my Asiatic animals and lower contain all my horses and 2 rider figurines Upper display will be changed soon. Or I add there some more Asiatic animals from me boxes or maybe I will show all my South American fauna.
oh my god, Anna, did you have to do that?! my brain is already reeling from Christophe's photos, and then you post your collection!!!!
Christophe, i can't even think straight, your collection and displays are so spectacular.
Anna I love your self make animals and plan to get some more!
Gosh, you have two different bongoes.
And I suppose your animal models are all the priceless, original figueres ?
What brand is the cheetah-kitten to the left, please ? The little lizard in front of the croc ?
Another gorgeous collection!!! It's wonderful Anna, all your handmade figurines too, they look beautiful all together.
What make is the little red panda by your Gaur? Is it Kaiyodo?
Your collection is beautiful Ana! So many nice animals and also your masterpieces!
The Red Panda is Colorata! Cheetah kitten is Safari!
I am still very very curious on the little lizard!
I love your collection Anna :) Your amazing gaur :) wow!
Where's the red panda from(Next to the Gaur)? The guar really looks terrific!
The Red Panda is Colorata!
Thanks Mihnea, I want one!
Martin!!! You have a GORGEOUS collection! And how many models for example? And I,m envy you because WW collection... I have only orang. You need more and more place!
Fantastic and so crowded shelves Martin It's wonderful .
Could you show us more pics of the SAFARI ltd orangutan mother with baby and the new SAFARI ltd white rhino ?
If you have time, perhaps you will take a closer picture, please ?
Indian 4 1/2" tall and 6" long instead of 3" tall and 4.75" long).
Perhaps Safari will WISE UP and make a WW version of the Indian!
Oh, so much happened here since yesterday GREAT!
Carolynn, Gebe, Ken, Harriet, Balti and Mihnea, thank You for Your comments! I'm happy You like my little display.
Martin Thank You for Your comment about my shelves :) Yours vitrines are really impressive, great to see them!! Congratulations for Your very big collection As You may see on photo with my shelves, next to them is Praga Zoo calendar from You! And this month there is photo portrait of terrible Marabou Stork, really scary!!!
I would love to see rhinos bigger too but still... they are really amazing!!!


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text:
from south.utils import datetime_utils as datetime
from south.db import db
from south.v2 import SchemaMigration
from django.db import models

class Migration(SchemaMigration):

    def forwards(self, orm):
        # Adding model 'Answer'
        db.create_table(u'itest_answer', (
            (u'id', self.gf('django.db.models.fields.AutoField')(primary_key=True)),
            ('create_at', self.gf('django.db.models.fields.DateTimeField')(default=datetime.datetime.now)),
            ('num', self.gf('django.db.models.fields.IntegerField')(null=True, blank=True)),
            ('title', self.gf('django.db.models.fields.CharField')(max_length=250)),
            ('summary', self.gf('django.db.models.fields.CharField')(max_length=450, null=True, blank=True)),
            ('content', self.gf('django.db.models.fields.TextField')(max_length=5850, null=True, blank=True)),
            ('question', self.gf('django.db.models.fields.related.ForeignKey')(related_name='answers', to=orm['itest.Question'])),
            ('jump', self.gf('django.db.models.fields.related.ForeignKey')(blank=True, related_name='+', null=True, to=orm['itest.Question'])),
            ('conclusion', self.gf('django.db.models.fields.related.ForeignKey')(blank=True, related_name='+', null=True, to=orm['itest.Conclusion'])),
        ))
        db.send_create_signal('itest', ['Answer'])

        # Adding model 'Question'
        db.create_table(u'itest_question', (
            (u'id', self.gf('django.db.models.fields.AutoField')(primary_key=True)),
            ('create_at', self.gf('django.db.models.fields.DateTimeField')(default=datetime.datetime.now)),
            ('num', self.gf('django.db.models.fields.IntegerField')(null=True, blank=True)),
            ('title', self.gf('django.db.models.fields.CharField')(max_length=250)),
            ('summary', self.gf('django.db.models.fields.CharField')(max_length=450, null=True, blank=True)),
            ('content', self.gf('django.db.models.fields.TextField')(max_length=5850, null=True, blank=True)),
            ('test', self.gf('django.db.models.fields.related.ForeignKey')(related_name='questions', to=orm['itest.Test'])),
        ))
        db.send_create_signal('itest', ['Question'])

    def backwards(self, orm):
        # Deleting model 'Answer'
        db.delete_table(u'itest_answer')

        # Deleting model 'Question'
        db.delete_table(u'itest_question')

    models = {
        'itest.answer': {
            'Meta': {'ordering': "['num']", 'object_name': 'Answer'},
            'conclusion': ('django.db.models.fields.related.ForeignKey', [], {'blank': 'True', 'related_name': "'+'", 'null': 'True', 'to': "orm['itest.Conclusion']"}),
            'content': ('django.db.models.fields.TextField', [], {'max_length': '5850', 'null': 'True', 'blank': 'True'}),
            'create_at': ('django.db.models.fields.DateTimeField', [], {'default': 'datetime.datetime.now'}),
            u'id': ('django.db.models.fields.AutoField', [], {'primary_key': 'True'}),
            'jump': ('django.db.models.fields.related.ForeignKey', [], {'blank': 'True', 'related_name': "'+'", 'null': 'True', 'to': "orm['itest.Question']"}),
            'num': ('django.db.models.fields.IntegerField', [], {'null': 'True', 'blank': 'True'}),
            'question': ('django.db.models.fields.related.ForeignKey', [], {'related_name': "'answers'", 'to': "orm['itest.Question']"}),
            'summary': ('django.db.models.fields.CharField', [], {'max_length': '450', 'null': 'True', 'blank': 'True'}),
            'title': ('django.db.models.fields.CharField', [], {'max_length': '250'})
        },
        'itest.conclusion': {
            'Meta': {'ordering': "['num']", 'object_name': 'Conclusion'},
            'content': ('django.db.models.fields.TextField', [], {'max_length': '5850', 'null': 'True', 'blank': 'True'}),
            'create_at': ('django.db.models.fields.DateTimeField', [], {'default': 'datetime.datetime.now'}),
            u'id': ('django.db.models.fields.AutoField', [], {'primary_key': 'True'}),
            'num': ('django.db.models.fields.IntegerField', [], {'null': 'True', 'blank': 'True'}),
            'summary': ('django.db.models.fields.CharField', [], {'max_length': '450', 'null': 'True', 'blank': 'True'}),
            'test': ('django.db.models.fields.related.ForeignKey', [], {'related_name': "'conclusions'", 'to': "orm['itest.Test']"}),
            'title': ('django.db.models.fields.CharField', [], {'max_length': '250'})
        },
        'itest.question': {
            'Meta': {'ordering': "['num']", 'object_name': 'Question'},
            'content': ('django.db.models.fields.TextField', [], {'max_length': '5850', 'null': 'True', 'blank': 'True'}),
            'create_at': ('django.db.models.fields.DateTimeField', [], {'default': 'datetime.datetime.now'}),
            u'id': ('django.db.models.fields.AutoField', [], {'primary_key': 'True'}),
            'num': ('django.db.models.fields.IntegerField', [], {'null': 'True', 'blank': 'True'}),
            'summary': ('django.db.models.fields.CharField', [], {'max_length': '450', 'null': 'True', 'blank': 'True'}),
            'test': ('django.db.models.fields.related.ForeignKey', [], {'related_name': "'questions'", 'to': "orm['itest.Test']"}),
            'title': ('django.db.models.fields.CharField', [], {'max_length': '250'})
        },
        'itest.tag': {
            'Meta': {'object_name': 'Tag'},
            u'id': ('django.db.models.fields.AutoField', [], {'primary_key': 'True'}),
            'word': ('django.db.models.fields.CharField', [], {'max_length': '35'})
        },
        'itest.test': {
            'Meta': {'ordering': "['num']", 'object_name': 'Test'},
            'content': ('django.db.models.fields.TextField', [], {'max_length': '5850', 'null': 'True', 'blank': 'True'}),
            'create_at': ('django.db.models.fields.DateTimeField', [], {'default': 'datetime.datetime.now'}),
            u'id': ('django.db.models.fields.AutoField', [], {'primary_key': 'True'}),
            'num': ('django.db.models.fields.IntegerField', [], {'null': 'True', 'blank': 'True'}),
            'summary': ('django.db.models.fields.CharField', [], {'max_length': '450', 'null': 'True', 'blank': 'True'}),
            'tags': ('django.db.models.fields.related.ManyToManyField', [], {'related_name': "'tests'", 'symmetrical': 'False', 'to': "orm['itest.Tag']"}),
            'title': ('django.db.models.fields.CharField', [], {'max_length': '250'})
        }
    }

    complete_apps = ['itest']

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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text:
Buckeyes Host Top 2021 Receiver Beaux Collins
January 27, 2019 by Tony Gerdeman
St. John Bosco (Bellflower, CA) wide receiver Beaux Collins visited Ohio State unofficially this weekend. The Buckeyes offered a month ago.
Collins is ranked the No. 10 receiver in the nation and the No. 59 player overall in the 2021 recruiting class per 247Sports. He holds offers from OSU, LSU, Florida State, Florida, Notre Dame, Washington, and others.
Collins' sister Tyler plays basketball at Oberlin College in Northeast Ohio and the family took in a basketball game this weekend as well.
At 6-foot-4 and 195 pounds, Collins is a tall, physical receiver with good speed. Playing on a loaded roster this past season as a sophomore, he played in five games and caught nine passes for 224 yards, scoring twice.
Bosco had three receivers tally over 800 yards receiving last season, with two of them being seniors. Collins should move up the depth chart in 2019 and once again have 5-star quarterback DJ Uiagalelei throwing the ball.
The Buckeyes are still wrapping up their 2019 recruiting class, but already have seven commitments in the 2020 class. They do not yet have any verbal commitments in the 2021 class, but there are currently four Ohio prospects ranked in the Top 80.
Among that number is receiver Jayden Ballard out of Massillon Washington. Ballard is ranked the No. 12 receiver and the No. 65 player in the nation. Ohio State offered him back in June following a camp performance. Penn State has recently offered him as well.
The top player in the state is Pickerington North defensive end Jack Sawyer, who is the No. 3 player in the nation according to 247Sports. Sawyer is also a talented basketball player.
The No. 2 player in the state is also a Central Ohio prospect. Dublin Coffman safety AJ Kirk is the No. 2 safety and the No. 28 player in the nation. He also happens to be the younger brother of three-time All-American Mike Doss. Ohio State has not yet offered, but Kirk does hold offers from the likes of Michigan and Penn State.
Beaux Collins Highlights
[Beaux Collins photo courtesy Beaux Collins/Twitter. | Ohio State Recruiting]
Tagged in: Beaux Collins


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A single up and over garage door is simply lifted up and then tilts inwards to lay flat at the top of the door opening, with about a third of the door panel projecting overhead like a canopy. The mechanism for this kind of door consists of rolling wheels on each side of the frame, with a folding arm attached to each side of the door. The wheels run inside a track on the frame as the door lifts up.
An Up and Over garage door with a canopy operation can be converted to operate electrically, although it is not the ideal type of garage door for automation.
Another type of up and over garage door has a retractable mechanism with spring loaded side arms and a gear that can cope with more weight, while still allowing for easy opening. This sort of mechanism is recommended for heavy timber doors, or extra wide garage doors consisting of more than one panel. The retractable operating door is ideal for automation, with the addition of an electric motor. When fully open this type of up and over garage door is fully accommodated inside the garage above your head at the level of the top of the door frame. This type of door requires around one metre of clearance on the outside when opening, so it will need some driveway space.
We recommend electric up and over garage doors not only for the convenience of being able to remotely open and close your garage door at the touch of a button, but because the electric motor includes safety mechanisms which stop the door literally in its tracks if something interferes with its operation. Security features can also be built in to an automatic garage door which make it difficult to break in to your garage.
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Contact us for more information about the operation, maintenance, automation or installation of up and over garage doors. One of our expert consultants will be able to help you choose the ideal garage door to suit your property and lifestyle.


text:
Georgia Madden
First-time author Georgia Madden's novel Confessions of a Fashionable Mum will be published by Nero, an imprint of Black Inc in April 2015.
Using her own experience as a mum-of-two who traded the glitzy world of magazines for life on the suburban mummy circuit, Confessions of a Fashionable Mum is a laugh-out-loud tale of motherhood, relationships, and the heartache that comes from knowing you'll never again have a use for your favourite Louboutins.
Georgia is an interiors journalist and former features editor at Homes & Gardens magazine in London. She is published regularly in House & Garden, Home Beautiful and Inside Out magazines in Australia.
Georgia grew up in Hong Kong and London, and now lives in Sydney with her young family and growing menagerie of pets.
Follow Georgia's Blog at georgiamadden.tumblr.com
Rights available: Film & Television.


text:
Drug Law Reform Australia
Drug Law Reform Australia is a deregistered political party in Australia.[1] The aims of the party are to create a new regulatory system for illegal drugs in Australia, and influence the political debate around drug use towards decriminalisation and harm minimisation. The party is the outshoot of community groups lobbying elected politicians about the social effects of criminal drug prohibition, such as the community group Family and Friends of Drug Law Reform.
Greg Chipp
Drug policy reform
www.druglawreform.com.au
Politics of Australia
Greg Chipp, son of Australian Democrats' leader Don Chipp, founded the party with other drug law reform activists in 2013 to encourage a debate about alternative drug policy. Policy based on human rights, and pragmatic evidence based public health approaches to illegal drug use and reducing stigma and criminal ramifications for people who use illegal substances. The party registered with the Australian Electoral Commission in July 2013.[2]
In 2010, Australia's drug law enforcement budget was $1.1 billion.[3] Around every ten minutes someone in Australia is arrested for a drug violation, with 112,049 arrests in 2013–14.[4]
National Drug Strategy 2016–25
The draft National Drug Strategy 2016–25 reported that "during the period of the National Drug Strategy 2010–2015, evidence informed demand, supply and harm reduction strategies yielded positive results". However, the same draft strategy informs that in 2011–12, police made 76,083 drug seizures; the highest number of drug seizures in the last decade. The same year, 809 clandestine laboratories were detected nationwide; the highest number ever detected in Australia. In 2012–13, police made the second highest number of detections ever at 757. The report did not comment on whether this is due to an increase in police activity or drug availability. There is also no reference to harm caused by legislation or any indication of a review of drug laws. The new strategy is to operate for the next 10 years, to 2025, without questioning the underlying criminal punishment approach to illegal drug use.[5]
The party contested the September 2013 federal election three months after the party's official registration, with candidates in several jurisdictions (Victoria, South Australia, New South Wales and the Australian Capital Territory). Candidates received over 10,000 primary votes nationally in aggregate, but did not win any seats in the Australian Parliament.[6]
Drug Law Reform Australia proposed to nominate candidates for the Senate in the 2016 federal election in the states of New South Wales, Victoria and South Australia and the Australian Capital Territory.[6] When nominations closed, it had actually fielded senate candidates in New South Wales, Queensland and Victoria, and a total of 11 candidates for seats in the House of Representatives in the same states.[7]
The party received over 20,000 votes in the 2016 election, or 0.2% of the total votes.[8]
The party requested voluntary deregistration with the Australian Electoral Commission in July 2017. The party was officially deregistered on 31 July 2017.[9]
Australian National Council on Drugs
Drug courts in Australia
Drug liberalisation
Drug prohibition law
Help End Marijuana Prohibition (HEMP) Party
Illicit drug use in Australia
List of political parties in Australia
Methamphetamine use in Australia
"Drug Law Reform Australia". Australian Electoral Commission. 19 June 2015. Retrieved 17 March 2016.
http://www.aec.gov.au/parties_and_representatives/party_registration/registered_parties/drug-law-reform.htm
Drug Policy Modelling Project UNSW https://dpmp.unsw.edu.au/
https://www.crimecommission.gov.au/sites/default/files/IDDR-201314-SNAPSHOT.pdf
http://www.nationaldrugstrategy.gov.au/internet/drugstrategy/Publishing.nsf/content/73E3AD4C708D5726CA257ED000050625/$File/draftnds.pdf Page 4 National Drug Strategy (Draft document 2016-2025)
"Our Candidates". Drug Law Reform Australia. Archived from the original on 12 March 2016. Retrieved 17 March 2016.
"Candidates for the 2016 federal election". Australian Electoral Commission. 12 June 2016. Retrieved 12 June 2016.
http://www.abc.net.au/news/federal-election-2016/results/
Drug Law Reform Australia Voluntary Deregistration. Accessed via the Australian Electoral Commission (AEC) (official website). Retrieved 5 August 2017.
Political parties in Australia
House of Representatives (2019)
Liberal (61)
Centre Alliance (1)
Katter (1)
Senate (2019)
Lambie (1)
State and territory parliaments
(parties not represented federally)
Animal Justice (NSW: 2, Vic: 1)
Christian Democrats (NSW: 1)
Hinch's Justice (Vic: 2)
Liberal Democrat (Vic: 2, WA: 1)
Reason (Vic: 1)
SA-Best (SA: 2)
Shooters, Fishers and Farmers (NSW: 5, Vic: 1, WA: 1)
Sustainable Australia (Vic: 1)
Advance SA (SA: 1)
Transport Matters (Vic.: 1)
North Queensland (QLD: 1)
Other AEC-registered parties
Australia First
Australian Christians
Citizens Electoral Council
Conservative Nationals
Democratic Labour
Great Australian
Involuntary Medication Objectors
Love Australia or Leave
Non-Custodial Parents
Online Direct Democracy
Seniors United
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Yellow Vest Australia
Defunct parties
Politics portal


text:
Rock Solid Images secures new contracts worth $0.8m
Contracts with existing clients in Central America and West Africa
GEOSCIENCE firm Rock Solid Images (RSI) has won two reservoir evaluation contracts worth $0.8 million (£513,000) with existing clients.
The contracts, which will take around three months to complete, are for oil and gas developments in Central America and West Africa although the customers were not named.
Richard Cooper, RSI chief executive, said:"It's gratifying to see yet more repeat business from two long established clients of RSI.
"One project is from Central America, and the other from West Africa.
"Both projects involve careful processing and integration of seismic and well data, optimally combined to provide a valuable pre-drill de-risking tool."
RSI has bases in Aberdeen, Houston, USA, and Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
The business was acquired by Aberdeen-based Offshore Hydrocarbon Mapping (OHM) in2007.
At the time, OHM said its was offloading its loss making marine acquisition business to focus on geophysical processing and interpretation consulting.
Shares in RSI rose more than 12 per cent in early trading today.


text:
Das Landschaftsschutzgebiet Schafhauser Haar mit 163 ha Flächengröße liegt in der Gemeinde Wickede (Ruhr) im Kreis Soest. Das Gebiet wurde 2006 mit dem Landschaftsplan V Ense-Wickede durch den Kreistag als Landschaftsschutzgebiet (LSG) ausgewiesen. Das LSG liegt nordwestlich von Wickede. Das LSG grenzt im Norden das Landschaftsschutzgebiet Strullbachtal an. Im Westen und Norden geht das LSG bis zur Kreisgrenze. Im Norden grenzt es auch an die A 44.

Beschreibung
Das LSG umfasst die Haarlandschaft bei Schafhausen, durch welches sich ein Schleddental zieht. Im LSG befinden sich Waldbereiche und Offenlandbereiche mit Grünland und Acker. Im Gebiet befinden sich Baumreihen, Obstbäume und Feldgehölze. Das Grünland wird vielfach extensiv genutzt und hat naturnahe. Waldflächen.

Schutzzweck
Die Ausweisung erfolgte wie bei anderen LSGs im Landschaftsplangebiet zur Erhaltung oder Wiederherstellung  der Leistungsfähigkeit des Naturhaushaltes; wegen der Vielfalt, Eigenart oder Schönheit des Landschaftsbildes oder wegen ihrer besonderen Bedeutung für die Erholung. Ferner wegen der Bedeutung des Gebietes als Vernetzungs- und Rückzugsraum innerhalb einer intensiv genutzten Agrarlandschaft und der Ausstattung des Bereiches mit belebenden und gliedernden Landschaftselementen, wie Baumreihen, Obstbäumen und Feldgehölzen, des vielfach extensiv genutzten Grünlandanteils und der naturnahen Waldflächen.

Rechtliche Vorschriften
Wie in den anderen Landschaftsschutzgebieten im Landschaftsplangebiet besteht im LSG ein Verbot, Bauwerke zu errichten. Die Untere Naturschutzbehörde kann Ausnahme-Genehmigungen für Bauten aller Art erteilen. Wie in den anderen Landschaftsschutzgebieten besteht im LSG ein Verbot, Weihnachtsbaum-, Schmuckreisig- und Baumschul-Kulturen anzulegen. Es ist z. B. auch verboten, Bäume, Sträucher, Hecken, Feld- oder Ufergehölze zu beseitigen oder zu schädigen.

Siehe auch
 Liste der Landschaftsschutzgebiete im Kreis Soest

Literatur
 Kreis Soest: Landschaftsplan V Ense-Wickede. Soest 2006, S. 80 ff.

Schafhauser Haar

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
/ Floods spur mountain study
Floods spur mountain study
September 4, 2013 This article courtesy of Nature News.
Himalayan nations take action in response to changing climate and its deadly effects.
A snapshot of weather-related disasters in the Himalayas suggests that things are amiss on the roof of the world.
This spring, for example, western Nepal was hit by a severe drought, leading to crop failures and exacerbating an already serious food crisis. In June, the same region was devastated by its worst floods in 50 years, caused by unusually intense monsoon rains. The deluge wreaked havoc in the northern Indian states of Uttarakhand and Himachal Pradesh, killing at least 5,700 people and causing an estimated loss of US$2 billion.
After decades of such climate-related incidents, the eight member countries of the International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD), a regional body, have agreed that enough is enough. On Monday, they launched a three-year study that aims to comprehensively assess the current state of the Hindu Kush Himalayas, the enormous area sustained by the world's highest mountain range, and to make recommendations on how it might be safeguarded and developed.
And none too soon, say many scientists. As climate change tightens its grip, "disasters will become increasingly frequent", says Vinod Tewari, a geologist at the Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology in Dehradun, India. The Himalayas are getting warmer at a rate of 0.6°C each decade, three times the global average. Rainfall there is increasing at a rate of 65 millimetres per decade and the monsoon season is getting wetter. However, winters are getting drier.
As a result of the warming, most Himalayan glaciers are retreating rapidly. Glacier lakes are becoming larger and more numerous, inundating pastures and threatening downstream communities. The changing climate is also "taking a toll on alpine pastures and forests", says Maharaj Pandit, an ecologist at the University of Delhi in New Delhi. Some plants are shifting to higher altitudes, others are on the verge of extinction, and the incidence of invasive species is rising. "If the warming trend persists, we will see drastic changes in the ecosystems, with devastating consequences on biodiversity and the livelihood of mountain communities," he adds.
India and Nepal are not the only nations affected. Hindu Kush is a 3,500-kilometre mountain chain that spans eight countries — from Afghanistan to Myanmar. Known as Asia's water tower, the mountains provide ecosystem services and support the livelihoods of more than one-fifth of the global population.
"The impact of climate change is compounded by many other challenges that face the Himalayas," says David Molden, ICIMOD's director general. In the past few decades, the region has seen increasing population growth, energy shortages, pollution, environmental degradation and disasters — all of which challenge traditional livelihoods. "Once self-sufficient people now face dire economic poverty," he says.
To mitigate climate change, it is crucial to factor in all those challenges, says Molden. This is where ICIMOD's assessment comes in. It will, he says, review the current state of knowledge on glaciers, biodiversity, water resources and pollution, identify trends of changes in climate, demography and land use, and address issues such as poverty, hydropower development, natural disasters and food security. The result will be a set of policy recommendations on, for example, sustainable grazing, increased collaboration between nations, deforestation and flood prevention.
The Himalayas are of global significance, says Volker Mosbrugger, director of the Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum in Frankfurt, Germany. The report will help to manage the region's wealth of resources sustainably and empower mountain communities to tackle climate change, he says.
Pandit lauds the project as "timely and important", but says that it is the enforcement that matters. "Whatever decisions or recommendations are given, they have to reach local authorities."


text:
The True History of the State Prisoner: Commonly Called the Iron Mask
By George Agar-Ellis Dover (1st baron)
Matthioli did not set off so soon as he had promised the Abbé d'Estrades. We must wait for his arrival to know what he has to propose to the King.
POMPONNE.t
POMPONNE TO PINCHESNE.
Versailles, November 18th, 1678.
Neither the Count Matthioli, nor the Sieur Giuliani, are yet arrived here.
POMPONNE.
+ From the Archives of the Office for Foreign Affairs, at Paris.
I have just received a letter from the Count Matthioli, written from Zurich on the 5th of this month, in which he informs me, that the bad roads have been the cause, which has prevented him from travelling as quick as he could wish in his journey to the Court, but that he hopes to be there in a few days, and perhaps may be arrived before you receive this.
DE PINCHESNE.
PINCHESNE TO POMPONNE.
Venice, November 26th, 1678. Sir, I have received this week the two letters which you did me the honour to write to me, on the 4th
+ From the Archives of the Office for Foreign Affairs, at
and on the 7th of this month. I see by both of them, how much the King is disposed to receive the Count Matthioli favourably, and to listen willingly to his propositions, as soon as he shall be arrived at the Court. I think he must be there at present, as I have again received to-day a letter from him, from Soleure, dated the 9th of this month, in which he informs me that he has made as much expedition as possible, in order to arrive there quickly.
I send you only a packet belonging to the Count Matthioli, who arrived here some days ago, and who acquaints the Duke of Mantua with the circumstance. You must take great care to send
the letters that are in this packet to their destipation.
I am, &c.
POMPONNE.*
Powers granted to Pomponne, to treat with Matthioli.
The Duke of Mantua having testified to his Majesty, through the medium of the Count Matthioli, the extreme desire he has to make known his zeal for his interests ; and to acquire for himself, by the most intimate alliances into which he can enter with him, the same friendship and the same protection, which his predecessors have received from France on great and important occasions : His Majesty, therefore, who has always preserved a sincere affection for the family of the aforesaid Duke and for his person, has received with pleasure the sentiments that he has manifested to him; and in order to take the necessary measures with him for an alliance, which shall be both most intimate and most advantageous to the aforesaid Duke, he has given full power to the Sieur de Pomponne, counsellor in ordinary in all his councils, secretary of state and of his commandments and finances, in order to, with the aforesaid Count Matthioli, agree, treat, and sign such articles as to him shall seem good, for this particular alliance with the aforesaid Duke of Mantua ; promising, on the honour and word of a king, to consent to, and to confirm and establish now and always, all that the aforesaid Sieur de Pomponne shall, for this effect, conclude and settle, without contravening, or suffering the contravention of any part of it, in any manner whatsoever, and to furnish his ratification of it in proper form, within the time that shall be stipulated by the treaty. In witness whereof his Majesty has signed the present with his hand, and has caused to be affixed to it his privy seal.
* From the Archives of the Office for Foreign Affairs, at LEWIS.*
Done at Versailles, the 5th day of December, 1678.
* From the Archives of the Office for Foreign Affairs, at


text:
Buy Mp3 Music Online / VA / Clubfete 2022
VA — Clubfete 2022
Duration: 136:30
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30 Nico Santos - Would I Lie To You 03:24 $0.15
31 Tom Gregory - River 03:10 $0.15
32 Dua Lipa - Love Again 04:18 $0.15
33 Calvin Harris - By Your Side (Feat. Tom Grennan) 03:09 $0.15
34 The Kid Laroi & Justin Bieber - Stay 02:21 $0.15
35 Lil Nas X - Thats What I Want 02:23 $0.15
36 Milky Chance - Colorado 02:54 $0.15
37 Martin Garrix - We Are The People (Feat. Bono & The Edge) (Official Uefa Euro 2020 Song) 03:37 $0.15
38 Majestic X Boney M - Rasputin 03:06 $0.15
39 Lucas & Steve X Blackstreet - No Diggity 02:48 $0.15
40 Goodboys - Bongo Cha Cha Cha 01:53 $0.15
41 Younotus X Mi Casa - Chucks 02:49 $0.15
42 Fred Again.. X The Blessed Madonna - Marea (We've Lost Dancing) 04:45 $0.15
43 Galantis, David Guetta & Little Mix - Heartbreak Anthem 03:03 $0.15
44 Kungs - Never Going Home 02:50 $0.15
45 Pinkpantheress - I Must Apologise 01:48 $0.15
46 Elderbrook - Broken Mirror 03:08 $0.15