Jonathan Lash, president of the World Resources Institute, presided over a press conference in late January that gave him a deep sense of personal pride and professional validation.
Lash, along with three other environmental leaders, stood before a large gathering of journalists at the National Press Club in Washington the day before President Bush's State of the Union speech to present a united front and determined agenda to combat climate change—specifically global warming.
Lash was joined by the chief executive officers of some of America's largest companies, including the CEOs of Alcoa, Caterpillar, Duke Energy, DuPont, Florida Power and Light, General Electric, Lehman Brothers, Pacific Gas and Electric, and PNM Resources.
Coming together as the U.S. Climate Action Partnership, the group of business and environmental leaders said there was an urgent need for a coordinated, economy-wide, market-driven approach to climate protection. Their call to action included policies that would achieve reductions of between 60 percent and 80 percent in all U.S. greenhouse gas emissions by 2050.
Sound policies, they argued, can be economically viable, environmentally responsible and politically achievable. "Our goal is to help our nation create public policy that would act aggressively and sustainably to slow, stop and reverse the growth of greenhouse gas emissions," they declared.
The group pressed U.S. policymakers in Washington to enact a policy framework of mandatory reductions in greenhouse gas emissions from major emitting sectors, including large stationary sources, transportation, and energy use in commercial and residential buildings.
They recommended that the U.S. Congress set short- and mid-term emission reduction targets, establish a national program to accelerate technology research, development and deployment, and create initiatives to encourage action by other countries, including those in the developing world.
"These are complicated problems. There must be reasoned and serious debate about solutions. But debate cannot substitute for action," the group's statement said.
In an interview at his office near Union Station a week after that event, Lash said the briefing proved that the disconnect between the U.S. business and environmental communities on global warming had effectively ended.
"It was a remarkable moment to have a set of corporate leaders showing real vision and courage and actually asking to be regulated. That press conference was a real gesture of vision and courage for the CEOs. Remember, their shareholders expect them to increase shareholder value and not be the Jolly Green Giant," Lash told The Washington Diplomat.
"These leaders wanted to do more than just offer general principles. They wanted to focus on solutions. I thought it was great—to see the heads of many of the world's largest corporations step up and say we want to help solve this problem was great. That will keep me going for months," he added.
But Lash cautioned that there is no time to bask in the glow of that moment, because there is still a great deal of work to do on the challenge of global warming.
Lash is widely seen as one of the world's leading environmental leaders who is able to blend idealism with pragmatism. Determined and aggressive yet also affable and relaxed, Lash can speak the language of climate change to both environmental activists and corporate leaders.
A native of New York City, Lash is a former Peace Corps volunteer and federal prosecutor. He worked as a senior staff attorney at the National Resources Defense Council and headed the Vermont Agency of Natural Resources before being named president of the World Resources Institute (WRI) in 1993. He also served as the co-chair of President Bill Clinton's Council on Sustainable Development and sat on the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development's High Level Advisory Group on the Environment.
Several years ago, Rolling Stone magazine named Lash one of the 25 most important environmental leaders in the United States, and last year he was named one of the 100 most influential people in finance by Treasury & Risk Management magazine.
Lash has shaped U.S. environmental policy for nearly 15 years from his post at WRI, an environmental think tank that tries to create practical ways to protect the Earth and improve people's lives through public and private action. This year, the institute celebrates its 25th anniversary. In 1982, the founders saw the need for an institution that would be independent and broadly credible, whose research had to be both scientifically sound and politically practical and would draw on, not duplicate, the expertise of academic centers.
Lash said the hallmark of WRI's work is rigorous analysis, practical solutions and strong partnerships. It now works with more than 300 partners in 80 countries including governments, nongovernmental organizations and private companies.
As part of that mission, Lash has worked closely with key businesses and also reached out to Wall Street. "We've been active in courting institutions on Wall Street because it seems to us if we wanted to reach people who own shares, the most credible way was working with the institutions they turn to for advice, not just under our own flag. So we are actively looking for these partnerships," he explained.
He also cited accelerating action at the state and local levels as a sign of impatience with the federal government's failure to act on the issue. For example, last year California passed tough legislation to reduce greenhouse gas emissions regardless of what happens at the national level. Several states in the Northeast signed a climate agreement in 2005 setting a voluntary cap on greenhouse gas emissions. Additionally, a number of states passed renewable portfolio standards that require a certain percentage of their electrical power to come from renewable sources and impose conditions on utilities to buy wind or solar power or biogas. Some states have also enacted their own fuel efficiency standards for automobiles.
"More than 300 cities and more than half the states are taking action on their own, which is a very strong political indication that people are saying, 'Let's get on with it,'" Lash said. He noted that many companies are now backing mandatory emissions cap legislation—something that would have been unthinkable six or seven years ago—because they prefer the predictability and coherence of clear federal laws rather than dealing with a patchwork of conflicting state laws.
Lash believes the convergence of these forces is likely to translate into action by Congress in the next several years. Sen. Barbara Boxer (D-Calif.), chairwoman of the Environ-ment and Public Works Committee, has drafted legislation that would cut U.S. greenhouse gas emissions to 80 percent below 1990 levels by the year 2050. Other lawmakers have offered more modest proposals, but almost all represent a significant change in direction for the country.
The United States has about 5 percent of the world's population but is contributing about a quarter of all greenhouse gas emissions. The Bush administration had until recently refused to acknowledge that humans were warming the planet in harmful ways, and it continues to oppose unilateral limits on U.S. emissions.
Lash said serious congressional action will not only stop the increase in U.S. emissions, but finally get the country moving toward actual reductions, and he is calling for a law to put the United States on a path consistent with the global effort to limit world concentrations of greenhouse gases to 450 to 550 parts per million.
According to Lash, the U.S. political consensus on climate change is being propelled by important scientific research. For example, the decade-old scientific consensus on climate change was reaffirmed dramatically on Feb. 2 by the U.N. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, which concluded that global warming is unequivocal and that human activity is "very likely"—more than 90 percent probable—the main driver of rising temperatures in the past 50 years.
Lash also credited science for helping to achieve solutions, citing a possible upcoming breakthrough in the most important alternative to corn-based ethanol, cellulosic ethanol, which breaks down the basic cellulosic structure of any kind of plant matter and enables people to make food and fuel from it. He also noted that important research in nanotechnology is poised to result in new batteries with many times the capacity of the best existing chemical storage batteries.
He said that although global warming is caused by emissions from all countries and every molecule of carbon has the same impact on the atmosphere, the brunt of responsibility at this point lies with the United States and China. Lash pointed out that China will pass the United States in overall emissions by 2009, much earlier than had been expected. Nevertheless, the United States is still much higher than China in per-capita emissions, with the average American using seven times as much energy and 12 times as much gasoline as does the average Chinese.
Lash said he wants his think tank to be at the center of the coming climate change debate and play a positive role in finding solutions. "I'm incredibly proud of what we've done over the last 25 years. I think we've broken all sorts of new ground. There weren't any think tanks looking at these kinds of issues when we started," he said.
Lash deeply regrets the "decade of denial" in the United States on climate change, but said it's now necessary to look ahead and not back.


text:
Q: Getting every HTML object with a specific STYLE property I'm looking for a javascript function that returns every element in the document that has a specific style property (eg: background-color). Ideally, I'd like to pass the value as a parameter so that it only fetches the ones whose property matches that specific value, but unless there's a magical way to do this, getting every object that HAS that property is enough, as I could check everyone to check if the value matches the one I want.

Example:

   Hey this is a  test
   So  have a nice
        day

In this case, assume I wanted:
getElementByCSS('color','#DDD')

it should return elements id1 and id4

I'm using jQuery, I'm betting there must be something in the jQuery library that makes this task simple, but I'm open to other libraries or native JS code if needed. I've been racking my brain but I can't find a simple way of doing this, the answer's probably in some jQuery call.
Thanks in advance!
Bruno
EDIT: Fixed mistake in example, thanks to Alex R. and mplungjan

A: jQuery selector filter
jQuery selector filters are used to filter HTML elements based on some criteria. In your case its CSS styles hence a selector filter would be most appropriate thing to do. Following code may be a good starting point.
$.extend($.expr[":"], {
    css: function(element, index, meta, stack) {
        // this should be changed to a regular expresion because colours
        // are reported as rgb(r, g, b) which obviously contains commas as well
        var params = meta[3].split(",");
        var val = $(element).css($.trim(params[0])).toLowerCase();
        return val == $.trim(params[1]).toLowerCase();
    }
});

And should be used as:
$(":css(font-size, 20px)");

This is a working example on JSBin. And to check its code.

Important: Upper code in not tested but should be easy to develop further (like checking for parameters, converting values etc.)

A: Here you have the solution:
function getElementByCSS(cssPropertyName, valueToMatch, parentToSearch){
  if(parentToSearch == null) parentToSearch = document;
  $(parentToSearch).find('*').filter(function(){
     return $(this).css(cssPropertyName) == valueToMatch;
  });
}

Use it like this:
$redElements = getElementByCSS("background-color", "red");

Third parameter is to limit inside which parent element to search (default document, but searching in all the document can be really slow, use this param wisely)
Hope this helps. Cheers

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Best Worn Out Slippers Photos is free HD image. This image was upload at January 05, 2019 upload by Victoria in Slip On.
Description: Best Worn Out Slippers Photos from the above 1300x866 resolutions which is part of the Slip On. Download this image for free in HD resolution the choice "download button" below. If you do not find the exact resolution you are looking for, then go for a native or higher resolution.
They can be worn in and around the home, or even out to the store. switching footwear means less wear and tear on your daily shoe and/or orthotic inserts.This shopping feature will continue to load items. in order to navigate out of this carousel please use your heading shortcut key to navigate to the next or previous heading. Vionic pleasant is podiatristdesigned orthotic slippers that will provide comfort when you need it the most. they are perfect for around the house especially if you have hard surfaces such as tile or wood. Slippers are light shoes that are easy to put on and off and are intended to be worn indoors, particularly at home. everybody wears slippers. because of this, we tend to overlook their importance. house slippers (good slippers to be more exact) provide cushioning and support, help keep our feet warm .
These house slippers are my comfort knitting. they are the the kind of thing you caston while contemplating the next big project, no worries just easy practical work.
28 Photos of "Best Worn Out Slippers Photos"


text:
- How do I commit case-sensitive only filename changes in Git?

  ```
  git config core.ignorecase false
  ```
  - [git config documentation](https://jk.gs/git-config.html)
  - [git mv](http://stackoverflow.com/questions/8904327/case-sensitivity-in-git)
  - [How to remove a directory in my GitHub repository?](http://stackoverflow.com/questions/6313126/how-to-remove-a-directory-in-my-github-repository)

- How to solve the problem when you just change the case sensitivity in one folder name, but after push on GitHub you got like 'SQL' and 'sql' at the same time?

  ```
  git mv SQL/ SQL_weird
  git rm -r sql
  git add -A
  git mv SQL_weird/ SQL
  git add -A
  git status
  git commit -a -m "bla bla..."
  ```

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
<?php

namespace Google\AdsApi\AdWords\v201705\cm;

/**
 * This file was generated from WSDL. DO NOT EDIT.
 */
class RequestContextOperand extends \Google\AdsApi\AdWords\v201705\cm\FunctionArgumentOperand
{

    /**
     * @var string $contextType
     */
    protected $contextType = null;

    /**
     * @param string $FunctionArgumentOperandType
     * @param string $contextType
     */
    public function __construct($FunctionArgumentOperandType = null, $contextType = null)
    {
      parent::__construct($FunctionArgumentOperandType);
      $this->contextType = $contextType;
    }

    /**
     * @return string
     */
    public function getContextType()
    {
      return $this->contextType;
    }

    /**
     * @param string $contextType
     * @return \Google\AdsApi\AdWords\v201705\cm\RequestContextOperand
     */
    public function setContextType($contextType)
    {
      $this->contextType = $contextType;
      return $this;
    }

}


text:
Craig Goldblatt
(0)1 Write Review
Craig Goldblatt is an experienced bankruptcy litigator, with a focus on complex bankruptcy disputes and bankruptcy appeals. The core of his practice has been protecting the interests of secured creditors, financial institutions and insurance companies in bankruptcy-related disputes, though he has also represented leading technology, transportation and communications industry clients in bankruptcy matters. Mr. Goldblatt joined the firm in 1994.
Mr. Goldblatt represents parties in all stages of bankruptcy proceedings. The core of his practice involves bankruptcy and insolvency related trial-level matters and appeals—particularly the representation of financial institutions and other commercial creditors in bankruptcy litigation.
He has argued three bankruptcy cases before the Supreme Court of the United States, and one before the en banc Third Circuit. He has testified before a congressional committee on issues of bankruptcy law and policy.
He has also developed a particular expertise on consumer bankruptcy matters, representing several major mortgage servicers, holders of credit card and other unsecured debt, and bankruptcy trustees in a variety of regulatory investigations, bankruptcy disputes and appeals.
Outside of his bankruptcy practice, Mr. Goldblatt participated in WilmerHale's representation of the University of Michigan, from the district court to the Supreme Court, in Grutter v. Bollinger, 539 US 306 (2003).
The Supreme Court's decision in that case held that institutions of higher education may consider race as a factor in admissions decisions. He has also represented an array of pro bono clients in civil rights, criminal and constitutional litigation.
Mr. Goldblatt is a conferee of the National Bankruptcy Conference and is the chair of the ABA Business Bankruptcy Committee's Subcommittee on Bankruptcy Litigation. He previously served as Chair of the Subcommittees on Bankruptcy Appeals and on Environmental and Mass Tort Claims.
He is a fellow of the American College of Bankruptcy, and chairs the College's Fourth Circuit Education Committee. He has taught as an adjunct professor at the Georgetown University Law Center. He is a regular speaker at ABA, ABI and other conferences on bankruptcy matters. Mr. Goldblatt also serves on the Board of Trustees of the Lawyers' Committee for Civil Rights Under Law.
Representing the petitioning creditors in the involuntary bankruptcy case filed against the Houston Regional Sports Network and related litigation and appeals.
Representing a leading debt buyer in an investigation and litigation by the Office of the US Trustee arising out of its proof-of-claim filing practices.
Representing a leading financial institution in matters relating to the servicing of mortgage loans for borrowers in bankruptcy.
Representing a chapter 13 trustee in the Supreme Court regarding the disposition of undisbursed funds upon conversion of the bankruptcy case to chapter 7.
Representing Alcatel-Lucent, on appeal from a judgment in favor of a bankruptcy trustee for more than $335 million, arising out of the Winstar bankruptcy, on theories of preferential transfer, breach of contract and equitable subordination.
Involvement in the firm's representation of debtors in complex and high-profile bankruptcy matters, including PSINet, Iridium, US Office Products and Kmart.
EDUCATION :
JD, University of Chicago Law School, 1993
BA, Georgetown University, 1990
ADMISSIONS :
CLERKSHIPS :
The Hon. David H. Souter, US Supreme Court, 1995 – 1996
The Hon. Richard D. Cudahy, US Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit, 1993 – 1994
Rate : $$$
What types of cases Attorney Craig Goldblatt & Wilmer Cutler Pickering Hale and Dorr LLP can handle?
Wilmer Cutler Pickering Hale and Dorr LLP can handle cases related to laws concerning Financial Services, Banking, Litigation, Insurance, Bankruptcy. We manually verify each attorney's practice areas before approving their profiles and reviews on our website.
Where is Wilmer Cutler Pickering Hale and Dorr LLP located?
Wilmer Cutler Pickering Hale and Dorr LLP is located at 1875 Pennsylvania Ave NW, Washington, DC 20006, USA. You can reach out to Wilmer Cutler Pickering Hale and Dorr LLP using their phone line 202.663.6483. You can also check their website wilmerhale.com or email them at [email protected].
How much would it cost to hire Wilmer Cutler Pickering Hale and Dorr LLP?
Craig Goldblatt lawyer charges are specific to each case. However, they work with contingency fees and its ranges from $$ to $$$. They also provide free consultation [and no obligation quotes] if you are interested to hire.
Are Craig Goldblatt reviews trust-able?
We have the ratings and reviews moderation team who checks and verifies every review submitted on our website manually. You can trust all the reviews you see on Craig Goldblatt lawyer profile listing.
Công ty TNHH TVDT Luật VN
Đường Nguyễn Quang Bích 60
Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh VN
Brett A. Emison
Langdon & Emison Attorneys at Law
South Clark Street
Chicago 60603 IL US
Tara Swartz
Swartz Law, LLC
State Street 100
Boston 02109 MA US
Kenneth L. Sheppard, Jr.
Sheppard Law Offices, Co., L.P.A.
East Gay Street 35
Columbus 43215 OH US
Navid Yadegar
Yadegar, Minoofar & Soleymani LLP
Century Park East 1875
Los Angeles 90067 CA US
McGuire Law Firm
East 10th Street Plaza 200
Edmond 73034 OK US
Orfelia Mayor
Bankruptcy Law Firm of Orfelia Mayor
Fort Lauderdale FL US
Jason Stephens
Stephens Law Firm, PLLC
South University Drive 1300
Fort Worth 76107 TX US
Brian Orlow
The Orlow Firm
Main Street 71-18
11367 NY US
John Schill
The Schill Law Group, PLLC
East Vía de Ventura 8700
Scottsdale 85258 AZ US
Your overall rating of this lawyer:
Is this your profile?Claim it now.
Pennsylvania Avenue Northwest 1875
Washington 20006 DC US
Banking Lawyer
Insurance Lawyer
Litigation Lawyer
Administrative Lawyer
Lina Stillman
Employment Lawyer
Broadway 42
New York 10006 NY US
Carla Gilbertson
Katherine Forster
I want to Hire Consults Take Advise
By submitting an above form, you are agree to our terms and privacy policy.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Ryan Reynolds & Conan O'Brien Recreate 'The Notebook' Kiss
The sequel video you never knew you needed.
Nov 3 2016, 12:56 pm EDT
The Notebook may have come out back in 2004 but that hasn't stopped people from still asking for a sequel to this day. Well, be careful what you wish for because Ryan Reynolds and Conan O'Brien decided to grace us all with The Notebook 2, but I'm pretty sure it's not exactly what anyone had in mind.
On last night's episode of Conan, the actor and the host got into an array of shenanigans but the greatest, by far, was their parody video of The Notebook 2. Replacing Ryan Gosling and Rachel McAdams as Noah and Allie, the duo recreated the iconic kiss in the rain scene from the film and they didn't hold back. At all.
Looks like Ryan Gosling and Rachel McAdams have got some serious competition. It's not exactly the sequel any of us have been waiting for, but close enough.
Tune into the 4:30 mark below to watch The Notebook 2 parody:
More From Film, TV & Theatre
All of 'Game of Thrones' Emmy Nominations for 2019
Emmy Nominations 2019: The Full List
Stranger Things Season 4 Is "Definitely Happening"
Who Is the American in Stranger Things Finale?
'Big Little Lies' Season 2 Failed Andrea Arnold
Ashleigh LaThrop On Her 'Handmaid's Tale' Twist
First Look at 'My Brilliant Friend' Season 2
'Succession' Season 2: Everything We Know
Hear Beyoncé Sing "Can You Feel the Love Tonight"
'Outlander' Season 5: Everything We Know
Andrew Garfield Explains That Ryan Reynolds Kiss
Ryan Reynolds and Andrew Garfield's Globes Kiss
Ryan Reynolds Reveals What Blake Lively Taught Him
Blake Lively & Ryan Reynolds Take Kids to Airport
Blake Lively Trolls Ryan Reynolds on His Birthday
Ryan Reynolds Is Confused by Taylor Swift's Squad


text:
Lena The Plug
American YouTube star
Birthday: June 1, 1991
Birthplace: California, U.S.
Sign: Gemini
Lena The Plug Rank
37th born on June 1
282nd born in California, U.S.
1489th most famous youtube star
1050th Gemini
About Lena The Plug
Lena Nersesian, popularly known as Lena the plug, is a social media personality and also a YouTube star. She is famous for posting videos related to her glute workouts, viral challenges, and pranks on her channel.
She started her YouTube channel in 2016, and as of February 2020, it had over a million subscribers.
She is also very popular on Instagram for her s*xy pictures. As at January 2020, she had over 2 million followers on that platform.
She has a height of 5 Feet 1 Inch.
She loves travelling and shopping.
Viewers of Lena The Plug, also viewed
David Dobrik (25)
Slovakian YouTuber
PewDiePie (32)
Swedish YouTuber
Alex Wassabi (31)
American YouTuber
KSI (28)
English YouTube star
F.A.Q. about Lena The Plug
When is her birthday?
Lena The Plug's birthday is on June 1, 1991.
In how many days is her birthday?
Lena's birthday is in 131 days
She is 30 years old.
Where is Lena from?
She was born in California, U.S..
Lena The Plug's Popularity
Lena The Plug is a famous American YouTube star, who was born on June 1, 1991. As a person born on this date, Lena The Plug is listed in our database as the 37th most popular celebrity for the day (June 1) and the 237th most popular for the year (1991).
People born on June 1 fall under the Zodiac sign of Gemini, the Twins. Lena The Plug is the 1050th most popular Gemini.
Aside from information specific to Lena The Plug's birthday, Lena The Plug is the 7374th most famous American and ranks 282nd in famous people born in California, U.S.
In general, Lena The Plug ranks as the 11913th most popular famous person, and the 1489th most popular youtube star of all time. "The Famous Birthdays" catalogs over 40,000 famous people, everyone, from actors to actresses to singers to tiktok stars, from serial killers to chefs to scientists to youtubers and more. If you're curious to see who was born on your birthday, you can use our database to find out who, what, where, when and why. You can search by birthday, birthplace, claim to fame or any other information by typing in the search box, or simply browse our site by selecting the month, the day, the horoscope, or any other clickable option.


Decadence creates custom tiered cakes, sculpted specialty cakes, petit fours and desserts for all celebrations. If fresh and local ingredients, quality confections accented with sincere customer service is important to your event than Decadence is your dessert company.
Our recipes can also be recreated to be vegan, gluten free, wheat free, corn free, dairy and sugar free. Our alternative recipes will meet your dietary needs and be as delicious and beautiful as those traditionally baked.
At Decadence we are passionate about baking! We work tirelessly to create the best quality confections. Our ingredients are pure, fresh and local. We seek out local pesticide free and organic fruits to create our fillings, preserves and fruit curds. All of our bakery items are made from scratch. We even organically raise chickens to produce eggs for our products. We are always looking for interesting ingredients and experimenting with new recipes. We customize our recipes to reflect the palates of our clients.


Join us for a special Mothering Sunday service on 31 March at 10:30 celebrating & remembering the wonderful women in our lives.
In days gone by Mothering Sunday became a day when domestic servants were given a day off to visit their mother church, usually with their own mothers and other family members. It was often the only time that whole families could gather together, since on other days they were prevented from doing so by conflicting working hours.
Children and young people who were "in service" (as household servants) were given a day off on that date so they could visit their families (or, originally, return to their "mother" church). The children would pick wild flowers along the way to place in the church or give to their mothers.


text:
Cannabis Industry Dealt Setbacks In Congress As Year Draws To A Close
While the cannabis market in the U.S. continues to develop, federal efforts to regulate and reform that market are proceeding at a snail's pace. In recent days, Senator Mike Crapo (R-ID), the chair of the Senate Banking Committee, dashed hopes for a prompt passage of the SAFE Banking Act through the upper chamber of Congress. The SAFE Act would allow cannabis businesses access to banking services, which they are generally denied due to the federal prohibition of the category, but Crapo's statement goes beyond the act itself and lays out his concerns with cannabis more broadly.
"I remain firmly opposed to efforts to legalize marijuana on the federal level," Crapo said. "I also do not support the SAFE Banking Act that passed in the House of Representatives. Significant concerns remain that the SAFE Banking Act does not address the high level potency of marijuana, marketing tactics to children, lack of research on marijuana's effects, and the need to prevent bad actors and cartels from using the banks to disguise ill-gotten cash to launder money into the financial system."
The statement proposes that only companies selling products that are less than 2% THC could qualify for banking, which if adopted would render the bill essentially pointless. Industry advocates had hoped the committee would vote on the issue before year-end, but momentum has now stalled.
Crapo's comments weren't the only setback for the emerging cannabis industry to come out of Washington in the past week. In a year-end spending package finalized over the weekend, several cannabis-oriented provisions were removed at the last minute, including one measure that would have barred the U.S. Justice Department from interfering in state-level adult-use markets and another that would have paved the way for the District of Columbia to set up a legal sales system.
Subscribe to Shanken News Daily's Email Newsletter, delivered to your inbox each morning. You will also receive the Cannabis edition as part of your subscription.
Tagged : cannabis, SAFE Banking Act
Previous : Oregon Formally Bans Beverage Alcohol Products Containing Cannabis Next : BevMo Names Josiah Knutsen As President And CEO


Ashton and Roddy's Boatyard Wedding — Wedding Savvy Wedding Consulting, Inc.
When we met with Ashton and Roddy, they asked us, do you think this can be done ... get married and have our reception in a Boatyard? It was a special place to them - Roddy's family has owned and operated the boatyard for some time and Roddy is now a part of the tradition. Ashton, who works in DC, had become an Annapolitan at heart via her time spent with Roddy and fell in love with the city, the water, and the boats as well! In meeting with these two it became apparent - we have to make this work - it's just so them!
The boatyard was transformed into a picturesque, garden party overlooking Back Creek. Guests were greeted with a signature cocktail and glass of champagne in preparation of the big day.
Ashton and Robby worked with our Senior Consultant Leslie Jefferson. Ashton and Roddy had a vision to transform the boatyard into a wedding experience that would be fun, and memorable with understated elegance. Since the reception will be outdoors, the couple wanted to incorporate a natural, earthy look. We worked with Bobby Nock from Reiter INteriors and Great Expectations Florists to create the outdoor vision of a natural, organic, vintage look. Bryan Loane with Loane Brothers Tents was a critical component in the transformation of the outdoor space into a picturesque wedding venue.
The couple were married under a beautiful flower archway surrounded by their family and friends. Guests enjoyed cocktail hour along the transformed driveway of the boatyard. Ken's Creative Kitchen provided delicious appetizers as guests enjoyed the sounds of a guitarist.
The event continued with dinner stations under the tent amongst guests tables and clusters of vintage seating. Guests danced the night away to the sounds of Sam Hill Entertainment. A sparkler departure completed the evening and the couple departed via boat!
Ashton and Roddy, thank you for allowing Wedding Savvy to be a part of the wedding transformation of the boatyard! It was a beautiful wedding that will be one of my favorite event spaces! Congratulations on an amazing wedding!!


text:
RUSSIAN - AITMATOV, Chingiz
AITMATOV, Chingiz
Jamilia
This whole world of beauty and unrest was revealed to me through Daniyar's song. Where did he learn all this, who told him all this? I understood that such love for his land could have come only from someone who longed for it with his whole heart of many years; who earned this love through suffering. As he was singing, I could see him - a small boy, wandering along the roads in the steppe. Was it then that the songs about homeland were born in his soul? Or was it when he was marching the fiery miles of the war?
Listening to Daniyar, I wanted to fall on the ground and firmly, like a son, embrace it - if only because it could inspire such love in a person. For the first time I felt inside me the awakening of something new, something I couldn't even name yet, but it was something irresistible, the need to express myself, yes, express - not just see and feel the world myself, but to bring my vision, my thoughts and feelings to others; to tell people about the beauty of our land with as much inspiration as Daniyar had. I was trembling with unexplained fear and happiness for something unknown. But back then I haven't yet realized that I needed to take up a paintbrush.
This was a man deeply in love. He was in love, I felt, not just with another person; it was a different, enormous love - love for life, for the land. Yes, he saved this love in himself, in his music; he lived for this love. An indifferent person could not have sung like that, no matter how good of a voice he had.


text:
Emmys: 7 of 'Big Bang Theory's' Best Season 7 Moments
The CBS ratings behemoth is nominated for seven Emmys, including best comedy, lead actor Jim Parsons and supporting actress Mayim Bialik
Lesley Goldberg
More Stories by Lesley
'Shrinking' Creators on Harrison Ford, Therapy and 'The Muppets'
Big Bang Theory Piano - H 2013
CBS' The Big Bang Theory continued to build its ratings momentum in season seven, but beyond the numbers, the comedy about a group of lovable nerds and the ladies who love them also featured a handful of major (and amusing) milestones in the show's geeky history.
The series, which hails from executive producers Chuck Lorre, Bill Prady and Steve Molaro, collected seven Emmy nominations this year — including for best comedy, an award the series has yet to take home.
Ahead of Monday's Primetime Emmys — where Big Bang Theory will go head to head with Silicon Valley, Louie, Modern Family, Orange Is the New Black and Veep — here's a look at the seven of the funniest moments from season seven.
New pairings
One of the best things about Big Bang Theory's seventh season was the show's ability to pair characters who haven't traditionally had many scenes together. One of the best was when Howard (Simon Helberg) and Amy (Mayim Bialik) — as well as Bernadette (Melissa Rauch) and Leonard (Johnny Galecki) — are paired together during Raj's (Kunal Nayyar) scavenger hunt. The scene resulted in the duo finding that while they don't have a lot in common — they do share a love for Neil Diamond.
Howard's song for Bernadette — aka "If I Didn't Have You (Bernadette's Song)"
To celebrate one of Howard and Bernadette's (many) relationship milestones, producers enlisted Garfunkel & Oates writing duo Kate Micucci and Riki Lindhome — who have both guest-starred on the series — to pen "If I Didn't Have You" with the entire cast there to sing backup behind the former mama's boy. The lyrics are perfectly on point — Joss Whedon! Steve Jobs, Doctor Who! — but it's the combination of geek cred and sentiment that made this such a memorable moment not only in season seven but for the entire series.
James Earl Jones is really funny
After the gang is locked out of attending San Diego Comic-Con, Sheldon hunts down James Earl Jones with the hope that he'll be a panelist at his event, but the Star Wars alum has other plans. Together, they go on a wild day of fun that includes Lion King karaoke, amusement park rides, a sauna, strip club trip and Ding Dong Ditch with Carrie Fisher.
RIP, Professor Proton
After Bob Newhart's alter-ego Professor Proton passes away, the character reappears to Sheldon in a dream in an episode dedicated to Star Wars Day. Not only did producers team with Lucasfilm for the episode, but Emmy-winner Newhart received a Star Wars education and dressed up as Obi-Wan Kenobi as the series re-created Dagobah. The Force is strong with Newhart.
Sheldon and Amy finally kiss.
Amy plans a romantic Valentine's Day date for Sheldon (Jim Parsons), complete with a ride on a train for her rail-loving boyfriend. When he pays more attention to a fellow train enthusiast, the duo wind up in a heated exchange that ultimately ends with Sheldon finally planting one on Amy. While the smooch was brought on by a fight, it ended in a very honest moment for the couple that was more than earned and ranks as one of Sheldon's biggest milestones to date.
Penny and Leonard's last marriage proposal
Following multiple marriage proposals over the course of the show, the on-again, off-again couple finally found themselves on the same page — at the same time. When Penny (Kaley Cuoco) finds herself out of a job on Serial Ape-Ist 2, she realizes it's time to start making smart decisions — and proposes to Leonard in a very matter-of-fact fashion. It's a rather anti-climatic moment for the beloved couple that Leonard quickly — and amusingly — makes right when he reveals that he's been carrying an engagement ring around in his wallet for "a couple years." It's another of the show's major milestones that is a perfect blend of on point for the characters, funny and sweet. All the awwwwws.
Raj's what-if
What would Raj (Kunal Nayyar) and Leonard be like if they had been roommates? Fat! The Christmas episode reimagines the longtime friends as roommates having tons of fun — with food. The result was a sequence with both Nayyar and Galecki in fat suits — with Stuart (Kevin Sussman) along for good measure. Because anyone in a fat suit (looking at you, Joey and Monica!) is always fun.
What was your favorite Big Bang Theory season seven moment? Sound off in the comments below.
Email: Lesley.Goldberg@THR.com
Twitter: @Snoodit
Fireside Chats: 'Whiplash' Star Miles Teller on Filming Intense Drum Scenes
'The Big Bang Theory's' Nerdiest Guest Stars
'Big Bang Theory' Plots Major Career Change for Penny in Season 8
Joanna Newsom, Andy Samberg, Max Greenfield, and Tess Sanchez
Comic-Con: 'Big Bang Theory' Writers Tease Season 8, Offer Fans Big Surprises
'Big Bang Theory's' Big Bucks: Why the Cast Will Earn $1 Million Per Episode


text:
Lead Channel
Start ups Retail banking
Coconut searches for new CTO as Crossley departs
Coconut, the UK-based provider of a current account for freelancers and self-employed people, is searching for a new CTO following the departure of current incumbent Allistair Crossley.
New of Crossley's departure after three and a half years with the startup was announced by Coconut chief Sam O'Connor on LinkedIN.
"I'm sad to soon say goodbye to our CTO Allistair Crossley who, as many of you know, is a bit of a legend," O'Connor wrote. "He's been the architect of Coconut's technology and the creator of our incredible engineering team."
The new applicant will be expected to have in-dpeth experience in software development and mobile app engineering and will ideally have worked in a fast-growth startup environment says Co'Connor.
Coconut went fully remote in the first few weeks after the Pandemic broke and is expected to remain a remote-first company indefinitely.
Crossley has not revealed his new destination.
Sponsored: [New Report] Sustainable Finance Live - Supply Chain Traceability: Better Data, Lower Risk
[New Report] Will banks use digital security as a post-pandemic differentiator?
Coconut joins RBS bail out queue
01 April 2019 0 1


text:
Tag "Blade Runner 2049"
New Blade Runner anime series coming to Adult Swim and Crunchyroll
In 1982 director Ridley Scott released Blade Runner, a science fiction film that was loosely based on the Philip K. Dick story, "Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep." At its
Warner Bros. releases Blu-ray details for 'Blade Runner 2049'
"The key to the future is finally unearthed…" Sci-fi is one of those genres that takes a thought and turns it into a world of possibilities. This was something that
'Blade Runner 2049' takes you back to a place created 35 years ago (review)
"The key to the future is finally unearthed. Bring it to me." There is nothing that epitomizes sci-fi noir like the 1982 film, Blade Runner. This film not only restructured
Watch the final Blade Runner 2049 prequel short from the director of Cowboy Bebop
"Cowboy Bebop" is widely regarded as one of the best anime series ever made. It's a series full of intriguing storylines and amazing characters. In other words, the anime series
Blader Runner 2049 gets their own Johnnie Walker variant
If you remember 1982's Blade Runner, you'd remember Rick Deckard (Harrison Ford) was always drinking Johnnie Walker whisky. The new sequel to the beloved film Blade Runner 2049 is no
'Blade Runner 2049' prequel short introduces us to Sapper Morton
Denis Villeneuve has the unenviable task of creating a sequel to Ridley Scott's beloved sci-fi classic, Blade Runner. Not only does he have to weave a brand new story, but
Blade Runner 2049 clip sees Gosling go beyond cyberpunk LA
What has been a long 35 year wait is now almost over. The long awaited sequel to Ridley Scott's sci-fi epic is almost upon us. Warner Bros released "Bigger Than
'Blade Runner 2049' prequel short introduces us to Niander Wallace
The Blade Runner 2049 Experience is coming to San Diego Comic-Con
Blade Runner 2049's newest trailer came out today along with an announcement on their off-site Blade Runner 2049 Experience coming to San Diego Comic-Con this week. Alcon Entertainment and Johnnie
Blade Runner 2049 new trailer drops hints on the future of replicants
Warner Bros. dropped a new trailer for Alcon Entertainment's Blade Runner 2049 this morning revealing a little more detail on the replicants and the Blade Runners. LAPD Officer K (Ryan Gosling) is
Official trailer for Blade Runner 2049 brings the sci-fi feels!
"Your story isn't over yet…there is still a page left…" Seriously, can you not look at this picture and just scream out FINALLY?! Close your eyes, and picture, if you will,
Blade Runner 2049 trailer tease reveals new trailer on May 8
Blade Runner 2049 will be having a Facebook Live Q&A session on Monday, May 8th, at 9 a.m. PST. Fans will get to ask questions to director Denis Villeneuve and
'Blade Runner 2049' Facebook Live event announced; Two character posters released
Get your questions ready for the cast and crew of Blade Runner 2049. Ever since the Blade Runner 2049 put out its first trailer late last year, things have gotten a
CinemaCon 2017: From Blade Runner to Transformers, here are the winners and losers from this year's show
Who came out on top at the trade show in Vegas? The biggest movie studios descended upon Las Vegas last week for CinemaCon and was ready to wow theater owners
CinemaCon 2017: Sony debuts stunning 'Blade Runner 2049' footage during presentation
Sony comes out guns blazing to kick off CinemaCon 2017. During the Sony presentation, studio chief Tom Rothman brought out Ryan Gosling to talk about Blade Runner 2049. Rothman revealed
Blade Runner 2049 raises a question
With the new Blade Runner 2049 teaser trailer now out, there's a lot of questions being raised about various topics regarding the original film. One of the biggest, being about
The first trailer for 'Blade Runner 2049' has arrived
"Replicants are like any other machine, they're either a benefit or a hazard. But if they're a benefit then it's not my problem." These words were spoken by Rick Deckard
Blade Runner sequel officially titled 'Blade Runner 2049'; First official image released
It's official. Blade Runner 2 is now Blade Runner 2049. Although it's not much, Warner Bros and Alcon Entertainment have released a behind-the-scenes picture of director Denis Villeneuve, producer Ridley


When you purchase a new home, there are a plethora of decisions to make. Some of these decisions will have little impact on your financial future, while others can be costly. Your interest rate is one aspect of buying a home that can cost you big in the long-run. Let's take a closer look at interest rates and how it can affect your home-buying experience.
This can be a difficult question to answer. There are several factors that must be considered to determine your interest rate. Your credit score, for example, will be carefully evaluated. Generally, the higher your credit score, the lower interest rate that you will qualify for. This is just one reason why improving your credit score prior to making such a large purchase is ideal. In addition, how much you provide for a down payment is also taken into consideration. If you have a larger down payment, you can qualify for much lower interest rates.
Does Location Affect Interest Rates?
Yes, your location can certainly affect your interest rate. Certain areas in the country may have lower interest rates than others. Additionally, various lenders can offer you different interest rates. While these rates may be close, even just a 0.5 difference can cost you hundreds of dollars over the life of the loan. This is why it is vital that you spend time shopping around for the best interest rates.
Does Loan Type and Terms Affect Interest Rates?
Again, the answer is yes. When you are applying for a home loan, there are several options available. You can decide the different loan types that you want and each type can affect your interest rate. Additionally, the loan terms you agree to can affect your interest rate. If you choose a shorter term length, such as a 15-year loan, you may receive lower interest rates and you will save a significant amount of money over the course of the loan — particularly when compared to a 30-year loan.
What Can I Do to Receive a Low Interest Rate?
Improve your credit score. You can do this by paying off debt, paying bills on time, and check your credit report for errors.
Save a minimum of 20% of a down payment on the home.
Prepare for a 15-year mortgage loan.
Shop around for low interest rates.
Once you are ready to purchase your new Collingwood home, real estate agent Christine Smith is ready to help. Contact her today and in no time, you will be moving into your dream home.


text:
GamingToys & Board Games
The Best and Weirdest Merch to Celebrate Star Wars Day
Tres Dean
Image: Sideshow Collectibles
As far as made-up holidays go, Star Wars Day is pretty hard to beat. Celebrated annually on May the 4th in homage to the popular "May the Fourth be with you" pun (despite the fact that the anniversary of the original film is just over two weeks later, making it all the more mystifying that Lucasfilm established the holiday based around a pun, but whatever), it's become an all-consuming commemoration of everything we love about a galaxy far, far away.
While it's not quite so transparent a holiday centered around consumerism as, say, Alien Day (which was established by Reebok in 2016 to commemorate the launch of their annual Alien Stomper sneaker drops), it's impossible to celebrate Star Wars without talking about merchandise. Star Wars merch is sort of the epicenter of pop culture merchandise. It's the first film franchise to become so fully and inextricably attached to the action figures, props, and collector's items associated with it and to this day the products themselves are pretty beyond comparison in the grand scheme of pop culture merchandise.
If you're feeling the pull of the Force (or just have some money to burn), here are some of the best (and some of the weirdest) pieces of Star Wars merchandise with which you can celebrate May the Fourth.
Mace Windu Black Series Force FX Lightsaber | $198
Image: Hasbro
Ever since their debut way back in 2008, Force FX lightsabers have been the cream of the crop when it comes to Star Wars merchandise. There are more high-end collectibles and more accessible toys out there, but they deliver in full on the most universal aspiration of Star Wars fans around the world: to know what it's like to hold a lightsaber. Crafted to screen-accuracy from die-cast metals, plexiglass, and complex lighting and wiring, they're a genuinely impressive collectible that any Star Wars fan should have in their collection. While there's a killer assortment available these days, you can't go wrong with the recent Mace Windu saber.
Star Wars The Black Series Mace Windu Ep3 Force FX Lightsaber
Sideshow Collectibles Full Scale The Child Figure | $375
Like I said, so much of Star Wars collectibles center around giving fans the chance to feel like they own a piece of the Star Wars universe. And over the last year there's been no single piece of the Star Wars universe more universally beloved than Baby Yoda. Official merchandise, including a number of replicas of the character, has finally started to hit stores after his surprise reveal in The Mandalorian but none of them can touch Sideshow Collectibles' screen-accurate and true-to-size recreation of the character. If you, like Werner Herzog, would like to see the baby, this is how to make it happen.
Buy it now for $375
Star Wars 'The Empire Strikes Back' Ice Planet Board Game | $25
Image: Amazon
Star Wars merchandise has been around for decades and old collectibles fetch crazy prices on the secondary market. While new merchandise is almost indisputably of higher quality that that which was produced by Kenner back in the '70s and '80s, there's definitely a draw in seeing what Star Wars merchandise looked like back in its infancy. If you don't have the money to blow on an original, check out this reproduction of one of the original Star Wars board games.
Hasbro Games Star Wars The Empire Strikes Back Hoth Ice Planet Adventure...
LEGO Ultimate Millenium Falcon | $998
LEGO Falcons are always pretty top-tier as far as Star Wars collectibles go. This one, which comes in at over 7,500 pieces, is the best (and most challenging) of them.
LEGO Star Wars Ultimate Millennium Falcon 75192 Expert Building Kit...
Heroes & Villains Tie Fighter Bomber Jacket | $120
Image: Heroes & Villains
Leave your screen-printed Target tees at home and show your fandom in style. This Heroes & Villains-produced bomber jacket is a truly killer bit of Star Wars apparel that looks more like something from your favorite street-style Instagram account than a piece of Star Wars clothing.
Adidas Alphaedge 4D Star Wars 'Death Star' | $158-$555
Image: adidas
Adidas's Star Wars collaborations have ranged from classic (those Mace Windu Harden vol 4s remain hard as hell) to catastrophic misses. Consider this one of the former. A subtle colorway paying homage to the Death Star with a select few bits of iconography incorporated into the muted upper, it's among the best the brand's collaboration with Star Wars has to offer.
Buy 'em now for $158-$555
Darth Vader Elite 2-Slice Toaster | $34
Do you need this? No. Does ANYBODY need this? No. Should you get it anyway? Absolutely. This thing rules.
Uncanny Brands Star Wars Darth Vader Elite 2-Slice Toaster- Star...
Arcade 1Up Star Wars Home Arcade Cabinet | $415
Anyone who grew up in the era of arcades has likely fantasized about having an arcade cabinet in their home one day. Recently Arcade 1Up has made waves by finally making that dream accessible. Their scaled-down (slightly, that is) replicas of classic arcade cabinet games are affordable and easy to track down, meaning you can finally have a classic Star Wars cabinet game in your home, office, or even bedroom if your whole vibe is "rise and game".
Arcade1Up Star Wars Home Arcade Cabinet with Custom Riser


text:
Q: The project failed to build after enable-migrations side info: I'm following the MVC 4 course on pluralsight
Problem:
I have an ASP.NET MVC4 internet application. Everything goes like thebook tells me but
after enable-migrations into the package-manager console i get en error:The project 'somesite.web' failed to build.
I deas?

A: Try to build the project somesite.web by yourself and check the detail error.


Modify all text links – Webydo - Participate.
Currently when you make a piece of text a link the text changes its state to blue, underlined text. You have the capability to change only the color of the text. I would like to be able to adjust all options for the link.
You also have the option to remove the underline by clicking on the "underline" button.
I still cannot add a "tel:" callable phone number to text links. It keeps adding http:// in front of it. Grr so irritating. You have to add an HTML unit to create your own phone numbers that are linkable to the actual phone number for mobile phones.
how do I remove blue text from mobile editor in webydo? When I see my website in a mobile device some numbers appear in blue. I want this text to have the same appearance as the rest of the text.


A visit to Mohamed Aly Mosque and the ancient Citadel, a spectacular medieval fortress perched on a hill above the city. Originally built by Salah El-Din in 1176 to fortify the city against the Crusaders, the Citadel was modified and enlarged over the centuries by subsequent rulers and today is a complex of three mosques and four museums.
After that visit Old Cairo where you will enjoy, the Hanging Church, Abu Sirga Church and Synagogue, visit the mosque of Amr Abn Alas.
Pick up from your hotel in air-conditioned vehicle; Entrance fees to the sightseeing mentioned above; Qualified Guide during the tour; Transfer back to your hotel.
Food or beverages during the tour; Any extra services not mentioned above; Any personal expenses or tips.


Home > Case Study > How app & application bridging the gap between GPS wearable and tracking?
How app & application bridging the gap between GPS wearable and tracking?
The client is the prominent makers of GPS tracking wearable! The patron is the leader in manufacturing groundbreaking simple and innovative GPS tracking solutions. Driven by a leadership team comprising experienced and skillful mavens and have global patents for wearable devices. The devices are invented for industry verticals like education institutes, big brands or traders, foster homes, old-age homes, nursing homes and much more.
The client wanted to make a mobile app and application that connects people to their near and loved ones. Further to get help immediately in case of medical emergency, personal security threats, accidents etc., by impeccably synchronizing the wearable device and app &application.
Finding the exact connectivity technology to connect client's tracking device with the iOS & Android mobile apps was the first challenge encountered.
Achieving accuracy in fetching the location of a user whose device has triggered an alert was a roadblock.
Further, not just tracking but also monitoring the health of the wearer was required by the client.
We built a custom Amber 360 app which is complete security tracking software. The gps tracking app & application is to overcome the connectivity challenge encountered in synchronizing the app and device. The custom-built profile also served the reason of clearly distinguishing the wearable device's signal for the mobile app to pick it up and pair without confusions.
To perk up the accuracy of the location information sent, we decided to take average value of multiple location fetches. So, the developers came up with codes that induce a few seconds waiting period to take the average of multiple location fetches and send the best possible locations detail to the guardian.
An agent license is designed for a smaller GPS reseller. An agent can undertake all functions except adding and removing devices from the platform.
An admin license provides a totally dedicated server for the customer who wants to run their own GPS tracking business. An Admin license provides a fully customized home screen with the customer's details and logo.
A fully license is designed for professional GPS tracking company with their own technical team and have their own servers. The fully license provides a fully customized home screen with the customer's details and logo.
Multiple Alerts: The device and app sync was done in such a way that the app receives notifications under every circumstance the connectivity status.
Security: After pairing, a code will be generated by the wearable device which can be recognized only by the app to make sure that the sync has happened correctly.
Walkthroughs: The app facilitates an inclusive walkthrough on how to get started including device activation, app to device pairing and alert message configurations to help users set preferences without confusion.
Maps: Using GPS and maps the location information of app user is generated.
Having 11+ years of experience, we are leading GPS tracker, IoT Solution & Fitness Monitoring Equipment Company. We offer comprehensive GPS tracking ODM/OEM/JDM services with customization of app & application.
We are focused on providing one-stop solution on GPS tracking devices. Avail technical after-sale support from China GPS tracker manufacturer who is capable to assemble 8000+ devices per day.
The app was booming which helped in garnering more users for the device in a short time span. The GPS tracking technology encouraged people from diverse age groups, especially senior citizens to use the tracking device.
Thus the client was able to achieve their motive of rendering simple, tech-enabled help for personal health and security protection.


text:
\section{Introduction}
There are many types of data for which complex-valued representations are natural and appropriate. For example wind measurements may use complex-valued data to represent joint measurements of magnitude and direction~\citep{goh2006a}. Direction of arrival is naturally modeled in ultrawideband communications using complex values~\citep{terabayashi2014a}. It is also common to work with certain real-valued data, such as audio and EEG recordings, by first transforming them to complex-valued data in the frequency domain via a complex basis, as with the Fourier transform. Motivations behind complex-valued nets (CVNNs) are that they could be used with such real-to-complex transformed data, or that they may be used for learning complex-valued representations as alternatives to Fourier and related transforms.

Whilst research into CVNNs has developed in parallel with real-valued networks, there has been relatively little focus on CVNNs in deep learning and complex-valued representation learning. Most research targets highly-specific signal-processing domains such as communications and adaptive array processing. Several factors contribute to the slow adoption of CVNNs in applications outside of these domains: first, they are difficult to train because complex-valued activation functions cannot be simultaneously bounded and complex-differentiable; second, there are few if any known methods for regularization and hyper-parameter optimization specifically developed for CVNNs. Despite such obstacles, research on CVNNs is growing steadily, with new theoretical results~\citep{zimmermann2011a,sorber2012a,hirose2012a} appearing on the heels of comprehensive treatments in recent texts~\citep{hirose2006a,mandic2009a,hirose2013a}.

Research on complex-valued activation functions and calculation of their derivatives for application to CVNNs is generally split between those composed exclusively from holomorphic activation functions and those composed exclusively from non-holomorphic activation functions. Holomorphic functions are complex differentiable at every point in a neighborhood of their domain. Non-holomorphic functions are not complex differentiable, but may be differentiable with respect to their real and imaginary parts. Each has advantages: Holomorphic activation functions may be more successful at jointly modeling phase and amplitude, however they are unbounded and therefore non-holomorphic activation functions may be preferred at times. For example if one were to build a complex-valued Long-Short Term Memory network, the only suitable gating function in the complex domain would necessarily be non-holomorphic.

In this paper, we follow a more general framework~\citep{amin2011a,amin2013a} for building CVNNs, both deep and temporal, that allows for activation functions that are composed from combinations of both holomorphic and non-holomorphic functions. We do this by utilizing the mathematical conveniences of the Wirtinger derivative, which simplifies many of the computations that are required for gradient descent for complex-valued functions.

The remainder of this paper is organized as follows. In Section~\ref{sec:back} we cover the background for CVNNs. Section~\ref{sec:wirt} describes the Wirtinger derivative and how it is applied to back-propagation for gradient descent with complex-valued activation functions. We present experiments that illustrate the utility of the methods in Section~\ref{sec:expe} and we provide concluding remarks in Section~\ref{sec:concl}.

\section{Background}\label{sec:back}
Complex numbers extend the concept of one-dimensional real numbers to two dimensions by expressing an ordered pair $(x,y)\in\mathbb{R}$ as a point $z\in\mathbb{C}$ in the complex plane, where $z = x+iy$ and $i=\sqrt{-1}$. Numbers in the complex domain provide a natural means for jointly expressing magnitude, $|z|$, and phase or direction, $\arg(z)$.

Suppose we wish to learn a function $f:\mathbb{C}^m\to\mathbb{C}^n$ by optimizing the squared error
\begin{equation}\label{eqn:obje}
\mathcal{L}(z) = |z|^2 = z\overline{z}\quad,
\end{equation}
where $(\overline{\cdot})$ denotes the complex conjugate operator. Note that $z\overline{z}=(x+iy)(x-iy)=x^2+y^2\in\mathbb{R}$ and therefore the objective function is real-valued even though $z$ is complex-valued.

Real-valued functions of complex variables are non-holomorphic and therefore their complex derivative is undefined. However if we denote $\mathcal{L}(z)=u(x,y) + iv(x,y)$ with $u:\mathbb{R}\to\mathbb{R}$ and $v:\mathbb{R}\to\mathbb{R}$ and $u$ and $v$ are real-analytic ($u$ and $v$ are differentiable) functions then it is possible to find a stationary point in the objective function. Stated more simply, we may perform gradient descent with a real-valued cost function of complex variables even though the function does not have a complex derivative.

In this paper we apply the Wirtinger derivative~\citep{wirtinger1927a} to compute the gradient~\citep{brandwood1983a}. Doing so allows us to perform differentiation on functions that are not complex-analytic but are real-analytic. It also provides a means for easily composing a combination of holomorphic and non-holomorphic functions within the computational graph of a neural network. Finally, by taking advantage of basic properties of the Wirtinger derivative, we perform gradient descent using two Jacobians per computational node.

Due to space limitations the following summary is necessarily brief. A great overview of the core mechanics of complex-valued nets and the Wirtinger derivative is found in~\citet{mandic2009a}. This and other literature are built on the theory developed in~\citet{brandwood1983a} and \citet{bos1994a} for optimization of complex-valued nets using respectively first- and second-order derivatives with Wirtinger calculus. For a deeper discussion of Wirtinger calculus and optimization techniques we refer the reader to \citet{kreutz-delgado2009a,li2008a}. Finally~\citet{amin2011a,amin2013a} advocate a framework for composing holomorphic and non-holomorphic functions in complex-valued nets.

\subsection{Complex-Valued and Real-Valued Nets}
The components of a complex-valued number can be represented as a bivariate real number, so it is natural to ask why a complex-valued representation may be preferred. A multiplication of values in the real domain yields scaling. A multiplication of complex values yields scaling and rotation. Hence if we wish to model magnitude and phase jointly, it may be more natural to do so by using a complex representation.

There are cases when we may wish to model real-valued processes in the complex domain. For instance one cannot determine the instantaneous frequency or amplitude of a real-valued periodic waveform from a single sample. Applying the Hilbert transform yields a complex-valued waveform with the same positive frequency components. However we suggest that complex-valued networks may also learn important relationships on instantaneous frequency and amplitude.

\subsection{Activation Functions}
Activation functions that are bounded and differentiable are generally desirable for training neural networks. (The rectified linear unit is a notable exception for boundedness.) Due to Liouville's theorem, the only entire (holomorphic over the entire complex domain) function that is bounded is a constant. Thus we must choose between boundedness and differentiability for complex nets.

Split-complex activation functions operate on the real and imaginary or phase and magnitude components independently and merge the outputs together. Such functions are not holomorphic. However it is easy to define a bounded split-complex activation function, for example Geourgiou and Koutsougeras' magnitude squashing activation function~\citep{georgiou1992a}. It is suggested by~\citet{mandic2009a} that the split phase-magnitude and real-imaginary approaches are appropriate when we can assume rotational or cartesian symmetry of the data, respectively.

Alternatively we may choose to use fully complex activation functions that are bounded almost everywhere. Certain elementary transcendental functions have been identified which provide squashing-type nonlinear discrimination with well defined first-order derivatives~\citep{kim2003a}. These functions have singularities, but with proper treatment of weights or using other regularization mechanisms singularities may be avoided. Figure~\ref{fig:act} shows magnitude and phase surface plots for a complex $\tanh$ activation function and Geourgiou and Koutsougeras' activation function. The $\tanh$ activation has regularly spaced singularities along the imaginary axis beyond the limits of the plots.

\begin{figure}
\begin{center}
\begin{subfigure}{0.22\textwidth}
    \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{images/activation_1a.pdf}
    \caption{$|\tanh(z)|$}
\end{subfigure}
\begin{subfigure}{0.22\textwidth}
    \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{images/activation_1b.pdf}
    \caption{$\arg(\tanh(z))$}
\end{subfigure}
\begin{subfigure}{0.22\textwidth}
    \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{images/activation_2a.pdf}
    \caption{$\left|\frac{z}{1+|z|}\right|$}
\end{subfigure}
\begin{subfigure}{0.22\textwidth}
    \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{images/activation_2b.pdf}
    \caption{$\arg\left(\frac{z}{1+|z|}\right)$}
\end{subfigure}
\caption{Fully complex elementary transcendental function (a,b)~\citep{kim2003a} and split phase-magnitude (c,d)~\citep{georgiou1992a} activation functions. Axes: $\Re(z), \Im(z), f(z)$.}\label{fig:act}
\end{center}
\end{figure}

\section{Wirtinger Framework for Gradient Descent}\label{sec:wirt}
This section outlines the routine for optimizing an arbitrary complex-valued neural network using the Wirtinger derivative and gradient descent. The network has a real-valued objective function of complex variables. It may have any combination of holomorphic and non-holomorphic activation functions. Wirtinger calculus (also known as $\mathbb{CR}$ Calculus in some texts) facilitates defining a computational graph that can be modularized as in many popular deep learning libraries, thereby allowing the construction of deep or temporal networks having many layers.

In the following subsection, the core concepts of Wirtinger calculus are reviewed. The following subsection describes the framework for building a computational graph and performing gradient descent.

\subsection{Wirtinger Derivatives}
Define $z\in\mathbb{C}$ and $x,y\in\mathbb{R}$ with $f(z)=g(x,y)=u(x,y) + iv(x,y)$. We extend the definition of $f$ to include the complex conjugate of its input variable so that
\begin{align}
f(z)&=f(z,\overline{z})=g(x,y)=u(x,y) + iv(x,y)\notag\\
z&=x+iy\notag\\
\overline{z}&=x-iy
\end{align}
Using this definition, the $\mathbb{R}$-derivative and $\overline{\mathbb{R}}$-derivative of $f$ are defined as:
\begin{align}
\left.\frac{\partial f}{\partial z}\right|_{\overline{z}\text{ is constant}}\quad\text{and}\quad\left.\frac{\partial f}{\partial\overline{z}}\right|_{z\text{ is constant}}
\end{align}
We note that the $\mathbb{R}$-derivative and $\overline{\mathbb{R}}$-derivative are formalisms, as $z$ cannot be independent of $\overline{z}$. However we treat one as constant when computing the derivative of other, applying the normal rules of calculus. Using these definitions, \citet{brandwood1983a} shows that
\begin{align}
\frac{\partial f}{\partial z}=\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{\partial f}{\partial x}-i\frac{\partial f}{\partial y}\right)\quad\text{and}\quad\frac{\partial f}{\partial\overline{z}}=\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{\partial f}{\partial x}+i\frac{\partial f}{\partial y}\right)
\end{align}

We note that the $\overline{\mathbb{R}}$-derivative is equal to zero for any holomorphic function. Recall the Cauchy-Riemann equations which state that for the complex derivative of $f(z)=g(x,y)=u(x,y)+iv(x,y)$ to exist, the following identities must hold:
\begin{align}
\frac{\partial u}{\partial x}=\frac{\partial v}{\partial y}\quad\text{and}\quad\frac{\partial v}{\partial x}=-\frac{\partial u}{\partial y}
\end{align}
If we expand the right had side of the $\mathbb{\overline{R}}$-derivative and substitute the Cauchy-Riemann equations the $\mathbb{\overline{R}}$-derivative vanishes. Thus an equivalent (and intuitive) statement about a holomorphic function is that it does not depend on the conjugate of its input. As an example, consider the loss function in Eq.~\eqref{eqn:obje}. It is real-valued and therefore non-holomorphic and it clearly depends on the conjugate of its input variable, having $\mathbb{R}$- and $\overline{\mathbb{R}}$-derivatives of $\overline{z}$ and $z$, respectively.

It is further shown by Brandwood that if $f:\mathbb{C}\to\mathbb{R}$ is a real-valued function, either $\frac{\partial f}{\partial z}=0$ or $\frac{\partial f}{\partial\overline{z}}=0$ is a necessary and sufficient condition for $f$ to have a stationary point. By extension if $f:\mathbb{C}^N\to\mathbb{R}$ is a real-valued function of a complex vector $\bm{z}=(z_1,z_2,\dots,z_N)^T$ and we define the cogradient and conjugate cogradient
\begin{align}
\nabla_{\bm{z}}&=(\partial/\partial z_1,\partial/\partial  z_2,\dots,\partial  z_N)^T\\
\nabla_{\bm{\overline{z}}}&=(\partial/\partial \overline{z}_1,\partial/\partial  \overline{z}_2,\dots,\partial\overline{z}_N)^T
\end{align}
then $\nabla_{\bm{z}}f=0$ or $\nabla_{\bm{\overline{z}}}f=0$ are necessary and sufficient to determine a stationary point. Finally, Brandwood uses Schwarz's inequality to show that the maximum rate of change of $f$ is in the direction of the conjugate cogradient $\nabla_{\bm{\overline{z}}}f$. Using these definitions, we can perform gradient descent with the conjugate cogradient operator.

\subsection{The Computational Graph}
We wish to perform gradient descent on a computational graph having a real-valued cost function and an arbitrary composition of holomorphic and non-holomorphic functions. Performing back-propagation on such a graph can be unwieldy if we choose to repeatedly switch between complex and real-valued representations of the graph. If we remain in the complex domain for all computations and use Wirtinger calculus, it is easier to build a modular framework that is useful for deep networks.

Consider a complex-valued function,
\begin{align}
\bm{F}(\bm{z},\bm{\overline{z}})&=[f_1(\bm{z},\bm{\overline{z}}), f_2(\bm{z},\bm{\overline{z}}),\dots,f_M(\bm{z},\bm{\overline{z}})]^T\quad\text{with}\\
\bm{z}&=[z_1,z_2,\dots,z_N]^T\quad\text{and}\\
\bm{\overline{z}}&=[\overline{z}_1,\overline{z}_2,\dots,\overline{z}_N]^T\quad.
\end{align}

We define the Jacobian matrices,
\begin{align}
\mathbf{J}_{\bm{F}}&\triangleq\frac{\partial \bm{F}(\bm{z,\overline{z})}}{\partial\bm{z}}\\
\mathbf{J}^c_{\bm{F}}&\triangleq\frac{\partial \bm{F}(\bm{z,\overline{z})}}{\partial\bm{\overline{z}}}
\end{align}

\begin{figure}
\begin{center}
\fbox{\includegraphics{images/dependency.pdf}}
\end{center}
\caption{Computational dependency graph for a composition of functions $(\bm{F}\circ\bm{G}\circ\bm{H})(\bm{z,\overline{z}})$ with $\bm{F}$ real and $\bm{H}$ holomorphic. Top: naive computation requires keeping track of up to four dependencies per function. Bottom: using properties of the complex derivative we need only keep track of two dependencies per function.}\label{fig:dep}
\end{figure}

A deep neural network is constructed from a composition of several non-scalar functions. Suppose we have a composition of functions $(\bm{F}\circ\bm{G}\circ\bm{H})(\bm{z,\overline{z}})$, with $\bm{F}$ being a real-valued (non-holomorphic cost function), $\bm{G}$ being a non-holomorphic complex-valued function, and $\bm{H}$ being a holomorphic function. We would like to compute the gradient of $\bm{F}$ with respect to $\bm{\overline{z}}$. Figure~\ref{fig:dep} shows the dependency graph for back-propagating the gradient. The top part of the figure shows the Jacobian matrices for each stage of back-propagation. The naive method requires keeping track of four dependencies for every function in the graph.

We need keep track of only two partial derivatives for each function, as shown in the bottom part of Figure~\ref{fig:dep}~\citep{amin2011a,li2008a}. Keeping in mind that $\bm{F}$ is a real-valued function of complex variables and that $\bm{H}$ is holomorphic s.t. $\frac{\partial\bm{H}}{\partial\bm{\overline{z}}}=0$, we apply the chain rule to the Jacobian matrices:
\begin{align}\label{eq:jac}
\mathbf{J}^c_{\bm{F}\circ\bm{G}}&=\mathbf{J}_{\bm{F}}\mathbf{J}^c_{\bm{G}}+\mathbf{J}^c_{\bm{F}}\overline{\mathbf{J}_{\bm{G}}}\notag\\
&=2\Re\left(\mathbf{J}_{\bm{F}}\right)\left(\mathbf{J}^c_{\bm{G}}+\overline{\mathbf{J}_{\bm{G}}}\right)\\
\mathbf{J}^c_{\bm{F}\circ\bm{G}\circ\bm{H}}&=\mathbf{J}^c_{\bm{F}\circ\bm{G}}\overline{\mathbf{J}_{\bm{H}}}
\end{align}

More generally, given arbitrary functions $\bm{F}$ and $\bm{G}$ in the computational graph, we compose their Jacobians in the following way~\citep{kreutz-delgado2009a}:
\begin{align}\label{eq:jac}
\mathbf{J}_{\bm{F}\circ\bm{G}}&=\mathbf{J}_{\bm{F}}\mathbf{J}_{\bm{G}}+\mathbf{J}^c_{\bm{F}}\overline{\mathbf{J}^c_{\bm{G}}}\notag\\
\mathbf{J}^c_{\bm{F}\circ\bm{G}}&=\mathbf{J}_{\bm{F}}\mathbf{J}^c_{\bm{G}}+\mathbf{J}^c_{\bm{F}}\overline{\mathbf{J}_{\bm{G}}}\notag
\end{align}

\section{Experiments}\label{sec:expe}
The Discrete Fourier Transform of $N$ regularly-sampled points on a waveform yields complex coefficients of $N$ orthogonal complex sinusoids. However the Fourier representation may not be the best transform for a given learning task. Deep networks are regularly trained to learn data representations that are more suitable than hand-picked features. In this experiment, we generate real and complex-valued waveforms having wide-band spectral components at multiple phases and magnitudes. We train recurrent complex- and real-valued models to predict the $N$-th frame of a waveform given the first $N-1$ frames. In the following subsections we detail the data, models, and results.

\subsection{Data}
We generated four synthetic datasets having wide-band frequency spectra with random phases: Sawtooth-Like, Sawtooth-Like (Analytic), Inharmonic, and Inharmonic (Analytic). Each dataset had unique training, validation, and testing partitions. The training sets consisted of 10,000 observations split into 10 batches. The validation and test sets each had 1 batch of 1,000 observations.

Datasets were generated as described below. Each observation (waveform) has 1024 samples with a Nyquist frequency denoted $\Omega$. The waveform was split into four  non-overlapping rectangular-windowed frames of 256 samples. The first three  frames were used as input to the model and the remaining frame is reserved as ground truth for inference.

\subsubsection{Sawtooth-Like}
Each waveform has a fundamental frequency drawn uniformly from the range $[0, \Omega)$ There are harmonics $n = (2,\dots, N)$ above the fundamental frequency, with all harmonic frequencies being less than $\Omega$ and each harmonic having an amplitude of $1/n$. All sinusoidal components have a random phase drawn from a uniform distribution $[0, 1)$. Each real-valued waveform is made complex by adding a zero-valued imaginary component.

We refer to these waveforms as ``Sawtooth-Like'' because they have the same spectral components of a a band-limited sawtooth waveform. However since the phases of the spectral components are scrambled, the time-amplitude waveforms do not look like sawtooth waveforms. Each frame of an observation has a number of waveform periods in the range of $[0, 128]$. The expected number of periods per frame is 64.

\subsubsection{Sawtooth-Like (Analytic)}
Waveforms were generated as above, but with the following modification. For each frequency component with frequency $\omega$ and phase $\phi$, a sinusoidal component is added to the imaginary axes having frequency $\omega$ and phase $\phi - \pi/2$. An analytic signal encodes instantaneous magnitude and phase. In cases where a real-valued network was trained with this dataset, the real and imaginary parts of the data were split and hence there were twice the number of inputs and outputs as other experiments.

\subsection{Inharmonic}
Inharmonic waveforms were generated with five spectral components, each having a frequency drawn from a uniform distribution in the range $[0, \Omega)$, a phase drawn from a uniform distribution in the range $[0, 1)$, and an amplitude of $1/5$. Hence the phases of the individual components are random but not drawn from the full available range of $[0, 2\pi)$. These waveforms are unlikely to exhibit periodicity.

\subsection{Inharmonic (Analytic)}
Analytic waveforms were generated as above using the same methodology as for the Sawtooth-Like (Analytic) dataset.

\subsection{Models}
We trained real- and complex-valued neural networks having one hidden recurrent layer of size 256. The input and output layers had 256 units each, with the exception of real-valued networks trained on the analytic datasets; these had 512 inputs and outputs. All models had weights and biases. Hence models had either 197,376 or 328,704 trainable parameters. Models were trained with a $\tanh$ activation function on the hidden layer and linear activation on the output layer.

\subsection{Training}
Training was performed for exactly 1000 epochs using mini-batch stochastic gradient descent with a momentum of $0.9$ and the mean squared cost function. We employed a learning rate with power scheduling decay~\citep{senior2013a}.

We and other authors have found that complex-valued networks are extremely sensitive to initial conditions and learning rates~\citep{zimmermann2011a}. In order to facilitate finding a good setting of hyperparameters, we performed hyperparameter optimization using Spearmint~\citep{snoek2012a} for the following parameters: initial weight scaling, learning rate, and learning rate decay half life. For each dataset, 100 real- and complex-valued models were trained with unique hyperparameter settings and initial weights. The final model was chosen using the best performance on the validation set.

\subsection{Results}
\begin{table}
\caption{Test Error}\label{tab:results}
\begin{center}
\begin{tabular}{l|ll}
Dataset & Complex & Real\\
\hline
\hline
Sawtooth-Like & 0.1179 & 0.1060\\
Sawtooth-Like (Analytic) & 0.3497 & 0.1937\\
Inharmonic & 0.1664 & 0.1376\\
Inharmonic (Analytic) & 0.2011 & 0.1999
\end{tabular}
\end{center}
\end{table}

\subsubsection{Overall Comparison}
Each dataset was trained, validated, and tested on a complex- and real-valued network. We had hoped that complex-valued networks would outperform real-valued nets. In most cases, the final error between complex and real nets was comparable. However in all experiments, the real-valued networks had a lower final test error. Table~\ref{tab:results} shows that both real and complex valued networks perform best on the Sawtooth-Like dataset. We were not surprised by this result. Considering that this dataset consists of only harmonically related spectral components, we presume that this dataset is easier to learn than the Inharmonic datasets.

We were surprised that both real and complex-valued networks had difficulty learning the Analytic datasets. These datasets encode instantaneous frequency and phase, and we therefore expected that they would work well with the complex valued network. It is possible that the fully complex $\tanh$ activation function is inappropriate for this dataset since instantaneous frequency does not change between inputs and outputs. In future work we will examine the performance of other activation functions on this dataset.

\subsubsection{Optimization}
The left pane of Figure~\ref{fig:curve} shows the sorted error across hyperparameter settings employed with the Sawtooth-Like dataset. We find it notable that most settings perform relatively poorly. There were only a few settings for both types of networks that achieved optimal performance. This figure underscores how sensitivities both types of networks are to hyperparameter settings.

The right pane shows the validation error across epochs for the Sawtooth-Like dataset. Note the discontinuity in the error curve for the complex-valued net. The complex valued nets are quite difficult to train and can easily approach regions of instability. We believe this is due to the singularities of the $\tanh$ function.

\begin{figure}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=0.5\linewidth]{images/exper_epoch_rates.pdf}
\end{center}
\caption{Left: Sorted validation error for hyperparameter optimization. Right: Validation error for best-performing hyperparameter setting. Both figures associated with Sawtooth-Like dataset.}\label{fig:curve}
\end{figure}

\subsubsection{Filters}
We examined the input-to-hidden weights of the models. We found that despite the worse performance of complex-valued networks, they learned filters that are easily relatable to the datasets. Figure~\ref{fig:filt} shows the magnitude frequency responses of the first three input-to-hidden weights for the Sawtooth-Like (Analytic) (left) and Inharmonic (right) datasets. Observe that the frequency response of the complex model for the Sawtooth-Like dataset exhibits harmonically spaced peaks in the spectrum. The filters from the real-valued network are much noisier and it is difficult to discern any harmonic spacing. The filters of the complex model trained on the Inharmonic dataset also show high selectivity for a few spectral peaks, whereas, the filters learned by the real-valued model show selectivity but to a more limited degree.

\begin{figure}
\begin{center}
\begin{subfigure}{0.45\textwidth}
    \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{images/filters_5.pdf}
    \caption{Sawtooth-Like (Analytic)}
\end{subfigure}
\qquad
\begin{subfigure}{0.45\textwidth}
    \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{images/filters_7.pdf}
    \caption{Inharmonic}
\end{subfigure}
\caption{Magnitude frequency response of first three filters for complex (top) and real (bottom) valued nets. The x axis shows frequency index and the y axis shows magnitude.}\label{fig:filt}
\end{center}
\end{figure}

\section{Conclusions}\label{sec:concl}
Despite potentially widespread applicability to machine learning tasks, the deep learning and representational learning communities have not fully embraced complex-valued nets. We argue that the mathematical conveniences of Wirtinger calculus offer a means for building a modular library for training complex-valued nets. Towards this end, we composed several synthetic datasets and compared the performance of complex- and real-valued nets. We found that complex-valued nets performed about as well as, but not better than, real-valued counterparts. We highlighted the fact that training complex-valued nets brings different challenges, including difficulties of boundedness and singularities in the activation functions. Finally we showed that despite poorer performance, complex-valued nets learn filter representations that are adapted to the domain of the data.

It is obvious that there are many challenges to successfully training complex-valued nets. We must find good methods for avoiding the singularities in holomorphic cost functions. There is no complex equivalent to the rectified linear unit. The models are extremely sensitive to initial conditions of the weights and to the learning rate. We will continue to explore these topics in future work. Our experiments were conducted on GPUs using a modified branch of the Chainer deep learning framework.\footnote{\href{http://docs.chainer.org/en/stable/index.html}{http://docs.chainer.org/en/stable/index.html}}. As we continue to investigate complex-valued networks, we intend to develop our framework further and release it to the community.

\bibliographystyle{iclr2016_conference}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


text:
/* */
'use strict';

const TREE = Symbol();
const ROOT = Symbol();
const NEXT = Symbol();
const ITERATE_FUNC = Symbol();

class TreeIterator {
        constructor(tree, root, firstResult, iterateFunction) {
                this[TREE] = tree;
                this[ROOT] = root;
                this[NEXT] = firstResult;
                this[ITERATE_FUNC] = iterateFunction;
        }

        next() {
                const tree = this[TREE];
                const iterateFunc = this[ITERATE_FUNC];
                const root = this[ROOT];

                if (!this[NEXT]) {
                        return {
                                done  : true,
                                value : root
                        };
                }

                const value = this[NEXT];

                if (iterateFunc === 1) {
                        this[NEXT] = tree._node(value).previousSibling;
                }
                else if (iterateFunc === 2) {
                        this[NEXT] = tree._node(value).nextSibling;
                }
                else if (iterateFunc === 3) {
                        this[NEXT] = tree._node(value).parent;
                }
                else if (iterateFunc === 4) {
                        this[NEXT] = tree.preceding(value, {root: root});
                }
                else /*if (iterateFunc === 5)*/ {
                        this[NEXT] = tree.following(value, {root: root});
                }

                return {
                        done  : false,
                        value : value
                };
        }
}

Object.defineProperty(TreeIterator.prototype, Symbol.iterator, {
        writable : false,
        value    : function() {
                return this;
        }
});

TreeIterator.PREV = 1;
TreeIterator.NEXT = 2;
TreeIterator.PARENT = 3;
TreeIterator.PRECEDING = 4;
TreeIterator.FOLLOWING = 5;

Object.freeze(TreeIterator);
Object.freeze(TreeIterator.prototype);

module.exports = TreeIterator;


text:
You Need A Man - Shanice - Shanice (Cassette, Album)
Posted on 17.11.2019 17.11.2019 by Malakora
Label: LaFace Records - 73008-26058-1 • Format: Cassette Album • Country: Indonesia • Genre: Hip Hop • Style: RnB/Swing
You Need A Man - Shanice - Shanice (Cassette, Album), The Pub With No Beer - Slim Dusty - The Man Who Is Australia (CD), Soul On Fire - Various - RFG 11 (CD), Позволь Мне Проверить Твое Сердце - Мичел* - Поет Мичел (Vinyl, LP), Get Up! - Global Deejays - Global Deejays (DVDr), All Along The Watchtower - Bob Dylan - MTV Unplugged (CD, Album), Along The Dotted Line - My Bitter End - Painting The Town Red Through The Back Of My Head (CDr), Ein Härli Sviensk Såmmada - Göran Ringbom - Ringboms Glimtar (CD), Where They Hang (Clean) - Gangsta Boo - Sippin & Spinnin / Where They Hang (CDr), Visions (Of A Post-Apocalyptic World): Part I - The Blood Divine - Awaken (Cassette, Album) Kids Praise! - Kids Praise! 3 Funtastic Family! (CD, Album)
9 thoughts on " You Need A Man - Shanice - Shanice (Cassette, Album) "
Daihn says:
Shanice is the fourth studio album by American R&B singer Shanice, released March 9, on LaFace fuvapulandtacu.vingdisclangnirempfarhandlogebirdwirec.infoinfo album peaked at No. 15 on Billboards Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums and No. 56 on Billboard The lead single, "When I Close My Eyes" held the record for the biggest leap in 1-week on the Billboard Hot (from No. 91 to #16) until The song peaked at No. 12 on the Hot chart.
Akirisar says:
Shanice released her debut album, [Discovery in Although the album wasn't a major pop hit, Shanice did score some decent hits like "(Baby Tell Me) Can You Dance" and "No 1/2 Steppin." In , Shanice teamed up with R&B group, Kiara on their song, "This Time" which was an R&B hit.
Malarr says:
Inner Child is the second studio album by American R&B singer Shanice, released November 19, on Motown Records. The album peaked at number 13 on Billboard's Top R&B Albums chart. The lead single "I Love Your Smile" peaked at #2 on the US Billboard Hot and #1 on the R&B charts/5(41).
Sashicage says:
"It's for You" is a song by Shanice and produced by Eric Kirkland and Michael Angelo Saulsberry of Portrait with drum programming by Maurice Thompson. It also features a rap verse from Brett Bouldin. It was one of the singles released from the soundtrack of the film The Meteor Man. It became another moderate hit for the singer.
Zolojora says:
"Lovin' You" is a song recorded by American singer Minnie Riperton from her second studio album Perfect Angel (). It was written by Riperton and Richard Rudolph, produced by Rudolph and Stevie Wonder, and released as the album's fourth single on March 14, The song peaked at number one on the US Billboard Hot on April 5, Additionally, it reached number two on the UK Singles.
Goltitaur says:
View credits, reviews, tracks and shop for the Cassette release of Shanice on Discogs. Label: LaFace Records - 4 • Format: Cassette Album • Country: Saudi Arabia • Genre: Hip Hop • Style: RnB/Swing.
Vudok says:
Shanice. Shanice Lorraine Wilson-Knox (born May 14, ), better known as Shanice, is a Grammy-nominated American R&B/soul singer-songwriter. She scored two Top 5 Billboard hit singles: "I Love Your Smile" in and "Saving Forever for You" in
Daim says:
Shanice is the fourth studio album by American R&B singer Shanice, released March 9, on LaFace Records. The album peaked at No. 15 on Billboards Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums and No. 56 on Billboard The lead single, "When I Close My Eyes" held the record for the biggest leap in 1-week on the Billboard Hot until /5(67).
Digore says:
It is approximately days on delivery date. You wholeheartedly support customers as satisfactory. Thank you for you seeing it. fuvapulandtacu.vingdisclangnirempfarhandlogebirdwirec.infoinfo Despite the huge success of her "I Love Your Smile," Shanice's subsequent efforts failed to make an impact on an audience growing increasingly fond of gangsta rap and less sugary R&B/5(52).
The Pub With No Beer - Slim Dusty - The Man Who Is Australia (CD)
Forests Of Nereid - Steve Verity - Digital Planet (Cassette)
One Silver Dollar - Marilyn Monroe - Primadonna (Vinyl, LP)
Why - Mikey B (3) - Breaking Down The Barriers (Vinyl, LP, Album)
Maujin on You Need A Man - Shanice - Shanice (Cassette, Album)
https://leomabawebdidetourdupabirthlubning.co/kledaciktchochzari/express-amour-various-latnudeildin-latin-faculty-cd-album.php


text:
Q: Why does my JMS client not consume messages from the Topic? I have ActiveMQ running on the localhost using the default port, 61616. I put some messages in a Topic called topic.STUDENTS. I have a client program that I am trying to use to read the messages in the Topic. Here is the main part of the program that does not work as expected. I was expecting to get some of the message back but instead I just receive null.
 public void receiveMessages() throws URISyntaxException, JMSException, Exception {

    try {
    //Create a ConnectionFactory
    ActiveMQConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ActiveMQConnectionFactory("tcp://localhost:61616");

    //Create a Connection
    Connection connection = connectionFactory.createConnection();
    connection.start();

    //Create a session
    Session session = connection.createSession(false, Session.AUTO_ACKNOWLEDGE);

    //Create the destination (Topic or Queue)
    Destination destination = session.createTopic("topic.STUDENTS");

    //Create a MessageConsumer from the Session to the Topic or Queue
    MessageConsumer consumer = session.createConsumer(destination);

    //Wait for a message
    Message message = consumer.receive(1000);

    if (message instanceof TextMessage) {
        TextMessage textMessage = (TextMessage) message;
        String text = textMessage.getText();
        System.out.println("Received: " + text);

    } else {
        System.out.println("Received: " + message);
    }

    consumer.close();
    session.close();
    connection.close();

       } catch(Exception e) {
        System.out.println("Caught: " + e);
        e.printStackTrace();
    }
    }

This code basically apes the code from ActiveMQ 'Hello World' example: http://activemq.apache.org/hello-world.html
Does anyone know why I do not receive any messages from the Topic? Here is one message that is in the Topic that I can see through the ./activemq browse topic.STUDENTS command:
JMS_BODY_FIELD:JMSText = Invention-my-dear-friends-is-93%-perspiration-6%-electricity
JMS_HEADER_FIELD:JMSExpiration = 0
JMS_HEADER_FIELD:JMSMessageID = ID:user-thinkpad-335i-59919-1457977678059-1:1:1:1:3
JMS_HEADER_FIELD:JMSPriority = 4
JMS_HEADER_FIELD:JMSDestination = topic.STUDENTS
JMS_HEADER_FIELD:JMSTimestamp = 1457977678409
JMS_HEADER_FIELD:JMSRedelivered = false
JMS_HEADER_FIELD:JMSDeliveryMode = persistent

A: Topics do not retain messages by default, so if you start the consumer after you've produced the messages then any message that was sent before the consumer arrived is gone.  If you want to consume messages that were produced while your consumer was offline then you need to use a Queue or register a durable Topic subscriber on the Topic prior to producing the messages.