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Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade might not fly iconic balloons this year due to strong winds
MACY'S THANKSGIVING DAY PARADE — Pictured: "Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade" Key Art — (Photo by: NBCUniversal)
NEW YORK — It's a time-honored tradition for many to watch the Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade, but this year it could be missing a key element: its 16 giant character balloons.
Officials in New York City may have to ground the iconic balloons due to windy conditions. They cannot be flown when sustained winds exceed 23 mph and gusts exceed 34 mph, per city regulations.
In 1997, the iconic Cat in the Hat balloon injured four people after being overtaken by strong winds. The following year, city officials instituted new regulations for grounding the giant balloons.
The National Weather Service is currently forecasting sustained winds of 22 mph and wind gusts of 39 mph during the parade. The sustained winds do not exceed the regulations, but the gusts do. Officials will have to monitor wind conditions and decide whether to allow the balloons to be flown.
They'll likely have to make that call on Thursday, as wind conditions can quickly change. The last time the parade's balloons were grounded due to inclement weather was 1971, according to the New York Times.
The good news is this year will be much warmer than last year's parade. The National Weather Service confirmed a low of 19°F that morning, which made it the second-coldest Thanksgiving Day in the city's history. This year, it's forecast to be 44-47°F.
All12 Courtside: Will Baylor stay on top of the Big 12?
by Robert Rimpson / Jan 14, 2021
In this week's episode of All12 Courtside, we take a deep dive into a couple of the most intense conference games from this past week, including #15 Texas Tech's upset of the #4 Texas Longhorns. We also talk in detail about the matchup between #2 Baylor and #13 West Virginia getting postponed due to COVID issues.
The Bears' lead at the top of the Big 12 conference has grown after a blowout win over the TCU Horned Frogs and the Longhorns' loss to the Red Raiders.
Police report filed when mother finds manipulation, self-harm in young son's group chat
by Cassie Nichols / Jan 9, 2021
TOPEKA, Kan. (KSNT) - A concerned Topeka mother is revealing the disturbing dangers of a popular messaging app after she was accidentally added into her 13-year-old son's group chat.
Terri Bayless filed a police report with the Topeka Police Department after discovering different forms of cyberbullying and manipulation taking place in her son's Snapchat groups. Other minors in the group chats convinced her son to hurt himself, according to Bayless.
Kansas delegation differs on whether to approve Joe Biden as president
by Alec Gartner / Jan 5, 2021
TOPEKA, Kan. (KSNT) - Kansas Congressional members are choosing different paths on whether they will vote to approve Joe Biden as the next president on Wednesday.
Four of the six lawmakers said they will not vote to certify the Electoral College results.


As many of you know, I've been extremely dedicated and passionate about ChartSmarter during the past three years. I am truly thankful to have added value to the portfolios of many traders and have taken pride in introducing new ideas to the conversation. As you can imagine, creating the game plan for each trading session has been a very time consuming and labor intensive endeavor.
With that being said, I have decided to transition ChartSmarter to a subscription-based model. In order to continue reading the daily Game Plans, you will need to sign up for an account via one of the below two options. As a thank you to my loyal readers, there will be a 2 week free trial when you signup to become a subscriber. There is absolutely no commitment, and you can cancel at anytime before the end of the free trial without being charged. After the 2 week trial period, you will be automatically charged.
The normal rate will now be $99/month or you can sign up for a year at $999 and get one month free.
I will continue to post as I have always done with Game Plans published the night before the market opens. I am happy to answer any questions you may have via email at chartsmarterblog@gmail.com. Thank you again for your continued and overwhelming support.
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The opinions expressed by the author are his own. Trades or positions discussed by the author are neither a solicitation to buy or sell a security, nor are they investment advice. Subscribers should always do their own due diligence before buying or selling a security. Every subscriber is responsible for his/her decision to buy or sell a security. Trading is extremely difficult and many lose all or a good portion of their capital.


NEW Lector Training Dates and application! Clink below for details!
Youth and adults with good reading skills are welcome to read the Scriptures at Mass. Coaching materials are provided, see below.
As ministers of the Word, lectors must allow the Scriptures to be deeply rooted in their lives. This requires more than a passing familiarity with the printed word. It also demands prayerful study and consultation with various resources that will assist in the comprehension of the sacred text. The lector must also practice the skills of public proclamation.
Because of the dignity, importance and responsibility of this particular ministry, pastors and those charged with the responsibility of coordinating parish worship, should take great care in assessing both the spiritual maturity and abilities of those who aspire to this ministry. No one should exercise this ministry who has not been properly prepared.
Candidates should have received the Sacraments of Initiation of the Church (Baptism, Confirmation and Eucharist) and regularly attend Mass on Sundays and holy days of obligation and frequently participate in the sacraments.
Candidates should be persons who have gifts and skills in public communication and reading.
Candidates should have a love and reverence for the Sacred Scriptures and engage in some form of regular study of them.
Candidates should understand the importance of this ministry and appreciate the need for study and preparation as well as the ministry's connection to Christian life and practice.
Click Here to sign up for lector training for July 15th and 22nd.


The United States of America is the top country by energy from vegetable oils in the world. As of 2013, energy from vegetable oils in the United States of America was 689 kcal per capita per day that accounts for 1.45 % of the world's energy from vegetable oils. The top 5 countries (others are Israel, Spain, Italy, and Greece) account for 6.99 % of it. The world's total energy from vegetable oils was estimated at 47,653 kcal per capita per day in 2013.


Translational research refers to the transformation of scientific discoveries into new ways to prevent, diagnose, and treat disease. Our Clinical & Translational Research Program includes basic research scientists whose goal is to have their laboratory discoveries transfer to the clinical setting and advance patient care, as well as clinicians involved in clinical research trials. Our clinical research program selects emerging therapies and strategies to offer to our patients as experimental alternatives to routine care. We test new drugs and new strategies through Tulane faculty investigator-initiated trials, as well as pharmaceutical industry trials and cooperative group trials. Our research patients come from our core teaching hospitals (Tulane Medical Center, VAMC, and UMC) and from our network of community oncology practices.
Tulane Cancer Center Program Faculty Members in the Clinical and Translational Research Program Include….


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, né le  dans la préfecture de Miyagi, est un escrimeur japonais spécialiste du fleuret.

Carrière

En 2008, il remporte le titre individuel lors des Championnats du monde juniors d'escrime.
Il est médaillé d'argent en fleuret par équipes aux Jeux olympiques de Londres en 2012 avec Yuki Ota, Kenta Chida et Ryo Miyake. Il s'agit de la première médaille olympique par équipe de l'histoire de l'escrime japonaise.

Notes et références

Liens externes

Fleurettiste japonais
Escrimeur aux Jeux olympiques d'été de 2012
Naissance en juillet 1989
Médaillé d'argent olympique japonais
Naissance dans la préfecture de Miyagi

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


My name is Velda Miller, and I was born and raised in an Amish home in Indiana. In April of 2014, I was sitting in my counselor's office, and we started praying about all the pain, the hurt, and the anger in my heart. It was also on this day that I accepted Jesus Christ and became a new person.
Soon after, I left the Amish, got my GED, and began attending a small Bible college in Kentucky; it was there that God gave me a desire to help young women find freedom and rest in Jesus Christ.
In early 2018, I became connected with MAP and God reaffirmed to me His calling. I interviewed in August and moved in one month later to begin my new role as the New Beginning's Mentor.
Please pray for the girls, their salvation, their Christian growth, and for me as I work with them.
To read more of Velda's testimony, click here.
We would like to invite you to come alongside and help us and the women who come to New Beginnings. You can do so by giving a one time gift or a monthly reoccurring gift.
Aaron Schwartzentruber: I left the Amish a few years ago, but then I fell on hard times. I lost my job, my apartment and had no money. I was homeless for several weeks. In early 2016, Joe and Esther took me in to their home. With a hand from MAP, I am now working a full-time job and living in my own apartment.
On September 4, I surrendered my life to Jesus Christ and have been faithfully attending Bible studies and church ever since.
John Shetler: I left the Amish a few years ago, and moved in with Joe and Esther until I could get on my feet. They had also taken my two sisters in when they left the Amish. My older sister and MAP helped me get my US Citizenship, birth record, and other necessary identification records. Along the way, I made some choices that got me in trouble with the law. Today, I'm back in Joe and Esther's home. Every week, I have a Bible study with Joe. I plan on getting baptized soon.
Katie Lee: My husband and I were dropped off at Joe and Esther's place on Christmas Day, 2014. Except for the clothes on our back, we had nothing. We were homeless. We moved in with Joe and Esther while MAP helped us get birth records, social security numbers, a car and job. It took over a year to get a birth record made out in my name, but in 2016, that became a reality. Today, we have a little boy named Michael, jobs and a place to live. In January of 2015, my husband and I both cried out to Jesus and He saved us.
Mahlon Burkholder: I left in the middle of the night from Ulysses, PA. I got dropped off at Joe and Esther's house and lived there for about six months. MAP helped me get my social security number, driver's license, a job and open up a bank account in my name.
On July 10, I got saved after going through a Bible study with Joe. I have no doubt in my mind that I now belong to the Lord. Last month, I moved back to Ulysses, PA to be closer to my family.
Sam Miller: My family and I left the Amish together when dad went to prison. MAP helped us through most of the process. Earlier in 2016, I fell off a roof and was in a coma for several weeks.
When I got out of the hospital, Joe and Esther let me move into their home. They provided counseling and taxi service. In the picture, it shows me shopping for groceries.
Steven Yoder: I left my Amish home in Michigan and moved in with Joe and Esther for almost nine months. They not only provided a home for me, but helped me get a job, driver's license and my first vehicle. While I was living with the Keims, I enjoyed the freedom of living in the English world; however, in the fall of 2016, I moved back with my family and re-joined the Amish.


Join house historian and author, Shannon Bradley Byers and David Byers of Timeless Paranormal for the monthly History/Paranormal open house and tour starting at 10 am on June 23, 2018.
Celebrate Gwinnett county's bi-centennial year with a great program! At 10 am you will start the tour with Shannon and learn about the Wynne & Russell families and the amazing home that still stands 192 years after the Wynne family migrated here in 1826. You will hear about their ties to other prominent Gwinnett county and Atlanta families, the recent archaeology dig, and interesting tales of their paranormal investigations (Skeptics welcome!). After the tour, David will demonstrate and explain some of the equipment they use while investigating.
The two hour tour is free (though donations to the Wynne-Russell Preservation are welcome and greatly appreciated) and family friendly. Please note, no registration is needed BUT there is ONE tour, starting promptly at 10 am.


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March 11, 2015Maryland Names Poetry Out Loud State Champion: Kyle Shreve from Frederick CountyPress ReleaseThe Maryland State Arts Council (MSAC) today announced that Kyle Shreve, a freshman at Tuscarora High School in Frederick County, placed first at the 2015 Maryland Poetry Out Loud (POL) state final... Read More
March 03, 2015 MSAC Announces Individual Artist Award Recipients: Fellowships awarded to 88 Maryland artistsPress ReleaseMARCH 3, 2015 (Baltimore, MD) The Maryland State Arts Council (MSAC) announced today the 2015 recipients of MSAC's Individual Artist Awards (IAA). These awards recognize the exceptional artistic... Read More
February 27, 2015EIGHT MARYLAND STUDENTS COMPETE FOR 10th POETRY OUT LOUD STATE TITLEPress ReleaseMore than 16,000 students in 16 counties have competed in the 2015 Poetry Out Loud (POL) competition, with the strongest eight advancing through a series of school, county and regional contests,... Read More
July 03, 2014Touring Grants Support Maryland Presenters and PerformersPress ReleaseJoe's Movement Emporium, The Washington County Museum of Fine Arts, the Caroline County Public Library and Common Ground on the Hill are among the 31 organizations selected to receive Maryland State... Read More
June 25, 2014Winners of National Anthem Singing Contest AnnouncedPress ReleaseThe Maryland State Arts Council and Star-Spangled 200 have announced the winners of Star-Spangled Sing-Off, one of many activities in the lead up to the 200th Anniversary of "The Star-Spangled Banner... Read More
June 25, 2014Two NEA National Heritage Fellowships go to Maryland GroupsPress ReleaseNational Endowment for the Arts (NEA) Chairman Jane Chu today announced the 2014 recipients of the NEA National Heritage Fellowships, the nation's highest honor in the folk and traditional arts. The... Read More
June 06, 2014Public Urged To Vote For Favorite National Anthem RenditionPress ReleaseThe Maryland State Arts Council and Star-Spangled 200 are asking Marylanders to decide who should win the Star-Spangled Sing-Off, a statewide National Anthem Singing Competition. The competition... Read More
May 21, 20144th Annual Maryland Traditions Folklife Festival AnnouncedPress ReleaseFrom Maryland-rooted traditions like screen painting, banjo making and decoy carving to traditions with global origins, like Congolese Rumba, Chinese Calligraphy and Piñata Making that have taken... Read More
April 30, 2014Arts Council Moves Maryland Folklife Archive to UMBCPress ReleaseAt an April 21 ceremony at University of Maryland, Baltimore County (UMBC), the Maryland State Arts Council (MSAC) announced that its Folklife Program—the oldest of any state arts agency in the... Read More
April 15, 2014O' Say Can You Sing?Press ReleaseToday the Maryland State Arts Council (MSAC) and Star-Spangled 200 (SS200) kickoff the search to find Maryland's most talented vocalist to perform the National Anthem at Star-Spangled Spectacular.... Read More

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Plans for PA/PTA fundraising activities must be approved by the membership during a regularly scheduled meeting where there is a quorum.
All fundraising activities must also comply with the Chancellor's Regulations on Flea Markets (CR A-650), Fundraising Activities and Collection of Money from Students (CR A-610), Extended Use of School Buildings (CR D-180) and Sale of Nutritious and Non-Nutritious Foods (CR A-812), as appropriate.
Fundraising activities that are prohibited include: sale of movie/theater tickets (with some exceptions), door-to-door solicitation by unaccompanied children, raffle ticket sales to or by children, and gambling.
PA/PTA fundraising activities involving students during instructional hours are restricted to two per year.
There are no restrictions on the number of fundraising activities during non-instructional hours.
The PA/PTA needs the principal's written consent for fundraising events that are held during instructional hours and involve children or are on school property.
The parent coordinator may assist the PA/PTA in publicizing fundraising activities, but may not handle PA/PTA funds.
After any fundraising activity, the PA/PTA must prepare a Fundraising Activity Report. It must be filed with the principal no later than 5 days after the activity and presented at the next scheduled general membership meeting.
PA/PTAs must make every effort to deposit all cash received from a fundraising activity within one business day, but no longer than three business days. If funds cannot be deposited in the PA/PTA checking account immediately, they must be secured in a locked location on school grounds.


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You are here: Home1 / Blog2 / Latest News3 / Briefing on Domestic Violence and Abuse – COVID-19 and Legislative Ref...
Briefing on Domestic Violence and Abuse – COVID-19 and Legislative Reforms
The Women's Resource and Development Agency welcomes the proposed legislative changes regarding domestic abuse and violence both within the Northern Ireland Assembly and in Westminster Parliament. Activists, women's organisations and support providers have spent many years calling for adequate domestic abuse legislation in Northern Ireland. In the current global pandemic, domestic abuse and violence has sharply increased as many are put at greater risk due to the ongoing government-issued social distancing and lockdown measures. Creating adequate domestic abuse and violence legislation could not be more pertinent than it is right now. Whilst the quick action to introduce Northern Ireland-specific legislation is to be welcomed, this legislation is now over three years old and it is essential that we learn from the lessons in other jurisdictions and ensure that the women's sector are included in the application and implementation of relevant legislation moving forward.
COVID-19 and Domestic Abuse:
Refuge have reported a 25% increase in calls to their 24-hour national domestic abuse helpline1 since the lockdown began, while hits to the national domestic abuse website increased by 150% during the initial stages of Covid-19 lockdown. Some further concerns highlighted by Refuge include:
Ordinarily, the window for women to seek help is extremely limited. During periods of isolation with their perpetrators, this window narrows further,
Isolation is often used as a tool to abuse – and while the current lockdown has the potential to exacerbate abuse – it is not the reason for it,
Domestic abuse is a crime and is ultimately rooted in power and control. It is crucial that every woman who needs support knows where and how to access it.
Women's Aid have also shared similar concerns and have stressed that they are still here and still open. Services might look and operate a bit differently at the minute because of COVID but they are still available through different methods of communication.
"Women's Aid is here for all women and children experiencing abuse across Northern Ireland. If you need support or information around domestic abuse you can find your local Women's Aid Group contact information at this link https://www.womensaidni.org/get-help/local-groups/
You can also contact the 24hr Domestic and Sexual Abuse Helpline (managed by NEXUS) on 0808 802 1414. If you are like you are in immediate danger contact the PSNI on 999. If you need to contact the police but are not able to speak you can diall 999 and then 55 and the police will be alerted."
Northern Ireland Assembly – Domestic Abuse and Family Proceedings Legislation
We welcome the fast action by Minister Long to re-introduce domestic abuse legislation in Northern Ireland on 31st March 2020 (now due for a second reading before the end of April 2020). However, as the proposed legislation is now over three years old, we strongly support calls made by Women's Aid Northern Ireland for the following key issues to be addressed:
Introduction of Coercive Control and Stalking legislation
Non-fatal and fatal strangulation legislation
Recognition of Violence against Women and Girls and gender-based violence
Grant of Secure tenancies in cases of domestic violence and abuse
Review of the court systems in NI including criminal, civil and family courts
Introduce a Domestic Abuse Commissioner
Secure funding for specialised services and a review of tendering and procurement in relation to domestic violence and abuse services
WRDA also supports the removal of the caveat of "reasonable defence", as we are concerned with such measures being used as a justification of abuse by defendants through portraying victims of abuse as mentally unstable. Further, victims may suffer from mental health issues caused by abuse, and disabled women, who are already more likely to be victims of domestic abuse, could find themselves being disproportionately impacted by the implications of a "reasonable defence".
WRDA calls for a cross-departmental approach to implementing this legislation, as certain aspects, such as refuge and secure tenancies, will fall under the remit of other Ministers and NICS departments. Detailed information must also be outlined on the resourcing available to the PSNI, social services, legal professional, PPS etc. to ensure adequate implementation of the legislation. WRDA also calls for the full involvement of the women's sector, particularly in the drafting and implementation of any future Miscellaneous Bill to address issues not covered in the above legislation.
In order to make domestic violence legislation operational and reflective of the needs and realities of women in Northern Ireland, full consultation and communication with the sector is essential. As a regional organisation representing a wide range of the women's sector and women in NI, we look forward to working with public representatives, department officials and ministers in the coming months on both the above legislation and any related legislation to follow.
House of Commons – Domestic Abuse Bill
The second reading of the Westminster Domestic Abuse Bill 2019-21 is due to take place on Tuesday 28th April 2020. In light if this, there are several issues that need to be addressed relating the bill and to Northern Ireland. WRDA supports the views of Women's Aid and other organisations that the proposed Domestic Abuse Bill has the potential to create major change nationally in relation to domestic violence and abuse2. This bill was introduced with the intention of creating stronger provisions for challenging domestic violence and abuse in England and Wales. In doing this, the aim of the bill is to fulfil the UK's international obligations to combat violence against women and domestic violence as a signatory of the Istanbul Convention.
There are some gaps between this bill and the Northern Ireland bill, as certain protections afforded elsewhere in the UK through the bill do not apply to women in Northern Ireland.
These gaps include:
Provide guidelines to employers on recognising the signs of abusive behaviour
Introduction of a Domestic Abuse Commissioner (already in post for England and Wales)
Powers to deal with domestic abuse:
Introduction of domestic abuse protection order
Introduction of domestic abuse protection notice
Grant of secure tenancies in cases of domestic violence
Safer family court and child contact system
WRDA support the view of the Women's Aid Federation Northern Ireland that 'women experiencing domestic violence and abuse should have equal protections across the UK, their geographic location should not impact their recourse to justice3'. We ask that all elected representatives and political parties in Northern Ireland make themselves aware of the provisions in each bill to ensure women in Northern Ireland have the equivalency of services and do not have less rights than their mainland-UK counterparts.
We welcome these movements to create stronger domestic abuse bills across the UK, however, the Northern Ireland legislation should not be a diluted version of the GB bill, nor can the UK government leave Northern Ireland out of their effort to comply with the Istanbul Convention. We need the equal protection of victims and survivors across all of the UK.
Domestic Violence as a Workplace Issue
Domestic abuse affects job performance, and therefore, job prospects and financial security. This can be heightened when both the victim and perpetrator work in the same organisation. Many organisations over the years have expressed a willingness to support victims in the workplace, however, government support is needed to ensure this can happen. We support calls from Unison and other Trade Unions to have measures introduced to also see domestic violence as work issue. We support calls from unison to:
Guidance on identifying links between abusive behaviour and a perpetrator's role at work
Create workplace policies on domestic violence
Consider domestic abuse as a form of discrimination affecting workers' employment conditions and income
Introduce paid leave for those experiencing domestic abuse
Safe Housing – Housing Selection Scheme Review
Given the current lockdown, and the shortage in safe housing and refuge for victims, WRDA supports the call for greater funding to be allocated to Women's Aid Federation Northern Ireland in providing refuge to victims. It is also worth considering the 2017 Housing Selection Scheme (HSS) review. Many recommendations were made around the controversial 'intimidation points' mechanism, although the Executive collapsed and this review has not since been acted on.
WRDA believes it is worth considering recommendations made by Housing Rights in the HSS review in 2017 in relation to intimidation points and domestic violence. Specifically, Housing Rights partly agreed with the removal of intimidation points from the HSS, but only if alternative safeguards were put in place4. The existing points system does not adequately account for victims of domestic violence as victims received a low number of intimidation points compared to other crimes such as sectarian hate crimes. We support the view of Housing Rights that it would be appropriate to consider a separate award of "trauma" that would encompass domestic violence.
In summary, the support services provided by Women's Aid Federation NI to victims of domestic violence are invaluable. Further funding should be provided to deal with the rise in domestic violence throughout this pandemic to ensure women who are victims of domestic violence can access refuge. In the longer-term, it is crucial that a cross-departmental approach is taken, in consultation with the women's sector, to ensure the trauma victims have faced is recognised and that women are able to access safe housing.
For questions or queries, please contact Rachel Powell, Women's Sector Lobbyist, Women's Resource and Development Agency rachel.powell@wrda.net
1 Refuge: https://www.refuge.org.uk/25-increase-in-calls-to-national-domestic-abuse-helpline-since-lockdown-measures-began/
2 Women's Aid: https://www.womensaid.org.uk/what-we-do/campaigning-and-influencing/campaign-with-us/domestic-abuse-bill/
3 Women's Aid Federation Northern Ireland: https://www.womensaidni.org/call-to-action-the-domestic-abuse-bill/
4 Housing Rights HSS Review Consultation Response, 2017, pp.27-29: https://www.housingrights.org.uk/sites/default/files/policydocs/Housing%20Rights%20Response%20to%20DfC%20Consultation%20on%20Proposals%20for%20Fundamental%20Review%20of%20Social%20Housing%20Allocations_0.pdf
April 27, 2020 /by WRDA Communications
Tags: covid 19, Domestic Violence, NI
https://wrda.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/WomenJumpingLogo.png 500 500 WRDA Communications https://wrda.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/WRDA-Logo-558x156-1.png WRDA Communications2020-04-27 15:15:412020-04-27 15:15:41Briefing on Domestic Violence and Abuse – COVID-19 and Legislative Reforms
Department of Health Replies to Our Urgent Request for an Update on the Delivery of Perinatal Mental Health Services for Northern Ireland
NEW WEBINAR SERIES – Covid-19 Feminist Recovery Plan
The impact of COVID-19 on Women
Department for Communities Emergency Leadership Group Update
Childcare for All Campaign – COVID-19 Statement
Mike Nesbitt MLA questions the First and Deputy First Minister's on their response to the Feminist Recovery Plan
The Public Health Agency (PHA) is highlighting how important it is for people to look after their wellbeing as they stay at home to help stop the spread of coronavirus (COVID-19).
The Public Health Agency (PHA) is highlighting how important it is for people... Covid-19 Lobbying Update


international non government organisation whose headquarters are in the UK. These stations assist HM Coastguard in their task of helping people in trouble and saving lives at sea.
The Redcar station opened on 31 October 1996 and occupies the top two floors of the building known as the 'Zetland Lifeboat Museum'. The building was originally built in 1877 as a RNLI Lifeboat Station and later became a museum and HM Coastguard Station. It was vacated by HM Coastguard in 1990 and became the property of Redcar & Cleveland Council, who have kindly permitted its use as a Museum and Coastwatch facility.
a clear view out to sea.
Our outdoor webcams are ideal for showing the world the view from your hotel or guest house or any other interesting view you would love to share with the world.
We also supply live streaming webcams and a great real time live webcam hosting service too. Contact us for more information.
Map showing the location of this live webcam from Cleveland in Yorkshire.


Page 180 - Gallery Design of Coloring Design | Coralidea Desert Coloring Pages. Cooking Coloring Pages. Outer Space Coloring Pages.
collection of galleries from Coloring Design like Desert Coloring Pages. Cooking Coloring Pages. Outer Space Coloring Pages. and other designs you might like Cute Baby Animals Coloring Pages. Happy Easter Coloring Pages. Kids Coloring Pictures. Nature Coloring Page. Christmas Lights Coloring Page. Holloween Coloring Pages. Noahs Ark Coloring Pages.


Today's Show Me Your Pedalboard entry comes from Luca all the way from a tiny district in the North of Italy. Luca is a bass player with a working man's pedalboard, if he's not juggling playing bass in five different bands he's also giving guitar and bass lessons. Luca's pedalboard is indicative of his working lifestyle, all of the necessities with some extra fun pedals without going too overboard (pun intended!). Let's take a look at what Luca is rocking out with!
Working our way through the board, things start off into a Dunlop 105Q Bass Wah, with a TC Electronics Polytune tuner keeping Luca in tune. Things move onto an MXR Bass Octave Deluxe, huge fan of this pedal! You can check out our entry of sub wars where we dig into the pedal! A great contemporary of the BOSS OC-2 made by the wonderful guys at Dunlop! Things move onto an Ibanez Tonelok SB7 Synthesizer Bass pedal. These Ibanez tonelok pedals are incredibly underrated, they're great sounding pedals and really inexpensive. They're discontinued now, but more and more people are realizing their potential so get them while you can! Check eBay or Reverb or Craigslist, you'll be sure to find them. The synth pedal is followed up by some additional weirdness with the MXR Bass Auto Q envelope filter. Things then move onto a boost double team of a MXR Micro amp and a Xotic Bass BB Preamp. If you have to keep both I'd move the preamp up earlier in the chain, otherwise you only really need one of these guys. Just my two cents.
Luca's board finished up in a EBS Unichorus chorus pedal and a BOSS DD6 Digital delay. Honorable mentions go to a Sans-Amp Bass Driver DI and a BOSS RC-20.
Grazie, Luca! Thanks for sharing your board with PedalsAndEffects! If you haven't sent a picture of your pedalboard to us yet, email us at juan@pedalsandeffects.com. Until next time!


Mother Monster even FaceTimes with her grandma while getting ready.
Little Monsters, it's finally here – the day that we've been waiting for. Lady Gaga will be performing at the Super Bowl tonight and we're basically counting the minutes until the halftime show begins.
Luckily, Mother Monster has given us a sneak peek at what it takes to prep for halftime greatness. On her Instagram story, Gaga took us on a tour of her dressing room, the rehearsal space, and even a sweet family moment. Aww.
Gaga introduced her backstage tour by saying, "I will be playing the halftime show for Super Bowl LI. You are here today getting a behind-the-scenes peek at our preparation process for the show." We then see her doing intricate choreography with her backup dancers, as well as the warm-ups that she has to do in order to get ready to slay.
But perhaps the cutest part of Lady Gaga's story was when she received a FaceTime call from her grandmother. In the background, we can hear her grandma gush, "You look so beautiful," as she watches Gaga get her makeup done with her hair in rollers. We definitely agree, and we officially cannot wait until tonight.


Get updates on what the town of Bow is doing all year long!
This is an article that appeared in the April 2018 edition of The Bow Times. Harry Judd and PSNH – What is the Connection?
This is an editorial that appeared in the June 2018 issue of the Bow Times. Is the Sky the Limit for School Superintendent Compensation?


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Crime, Local News, Massachusetts, National, New England, News, SE Mass, Top Video, US & World, West Bay
Warwick man sentenced to 15 years for terrorist plot after flipping for the government
December 20, 2017 Steph Machado
BOSTON, Mass. (WPRI) — Occasionally choking back tears, a Warwick man who plotted to behead a conservative blogger renounced ISIS in a Boston courtroom Wednesday morning, vowing to become a productive member of society after he serves time for his role in the terrorist plot.
Nicholas Rovinski, 27, was sentenced to serve 15 years in prison for conspiring to support ISIS and conspiring to commit an act of terrorism. He will receive credit for time served behind bars since his arrest in June 2015.
Assistant U.S. Attorney Stephanie Siegmann acknowledged in court that Rovinski differed from other federal terror subjects in that he has publicly renounced ISIS and was willing to cooperate with federal investigators, including testifying for three days against his co-conspirator David Wright.
Siegmann said Rovinski never complained nor wavered in his decision to cooperate during long prep sessions for his testimony, even as threats were made to kill him and his family and to behead his cat.
Rovinski, Wright and Wright's uncle Usaamah Rahim all plotted to behead conservative blogger Pamela Geller back in 2015, after ISIS (also known as ISIL or the Islamic State Group) issued a decree urging members to kill her over a cartoon contest of the Prophet Muhammad. The plot was never carried out.
"I'm striving to be a new man," Rovinski said in court Wednesday. "I accept responsibility for my actions." He said his crimes, for which he pleaded guilty in 2016, were full of "animus" and "evil."
Rovinski also said he hopes to be a productive member of society upon his release, aiming to do charity work to help the poor and veterans. "He feels really badly about having signed on to an ideology that is inimical to the military forces that protect the country," defense attorney William Fick said outside court.
While the plea agreement called for a possible sentence of 15-22 years, prosecutors and the defense team jointly recommended the lower-end 15 year sentence on Wednesday.
"There's no doubt that the defendant…posed a grave threat to the United States in June 2015," Siegmann said. She said his diagnosis of cerebral palsy is "not an excuse, but part of why he was so swayed" by Wright.
Court sketch of David Wright in court.
Wright was sentenced to 28 years in prison on Tuesday after being convicted by a jury in October. He was painted as the mastermind of the beheading plot, manipulating Rovinski into agreeing to the plan. Rahim, the third co-conspirator, was killed by police back in 2015 after lunging at officers with a knife.
After his arrest, Rovinski wrote two letters in prison to Wright, continuing to express a desire to recruit people to ISIS. But prosecutors said he later denounced the ideology and has fully cooperated since.
In emotional letters to the court, Rovinski's family members described him as someone who had trouble fitting in, in part because of his disability, and asserted he was "brainwashed" by Wright after Rovinski turned to Islam following some troubled teen years.
"They knew he was vulnerable and naive, and that he was a lost young man trying to fit in and find friends," Rovinski's mother Lori Rovinski wrote in a letter to the court, asking for leniency.
Read: Criminal complaint against Nicholas Rovinski »
Classmate: There was 'something off' about Warwick terror suspect »
Family members declined to comment on the sentence after the hearing.
Rovinski's Twitter photo from 2015
"If he hadn't had the misfortune for encountering Mr. Wright online, this phase may have gone by unnoticed," said Fick.
Still, Fick agreed the sentence as fair, while also calling it an "extremely, extremely severe punishment."
Judge Bill Young recommended that Rovinski be placed at FCI Danbury in Connecticut, a low-security facility where he would participate in a skills program. He was also ordered to have no contact with Pamela Geller, and to be on supervised release for the rest of his life once he completes his sentence.
"These are most serious crimes," Young said to Rovinski. "I'm glad you can acknowledge how fair the government has been."
Tagged Nicholas Rovinski, Terror Investigation, Warwick
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Tyler VanderWeele's Faculty Website
Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health > Tyler VanderWeele's Faculty Website > Books
Health and Well-Being Publications
Methodological Publications
Tools and Tutorials
Journal: Epidemiologic Methods
Human Flourishing Program
Initiative on Health, Religion, and Spirituality
VanderWeele. T.J. (2015). Explanation in Causal Inference: Methods for Mediation and Interaction. Oxford University Press.
Lee, M.T., Kubzansky, L.D., and VanderWeele, T.J. (2021). Measuring Well-Being: Interdisciplinary Perspectives from the Social Sciences and the Humanities. Oxford University Press.
Lash, T.L., VanderWeele, T.J., Haneuse, S., and Rothman, K.J. (2021). Modern Epidemiology, 4th Edition, Wolters Kluwer.
Tyler VanderWeele will also be an author of the 3rd Edition of the Handbook of Religion and Health, to be published by Oxford University Press, both with expected publication in 2021/2022.
Tyler John VanderWeele
John L. Loeb and Frances Lehman Loeb Professor of Epidemiology
The pandemic in prisons
'An enormous victory for public health'
Cellular signals
Conquering a killer


Ultra-realistic, multi-jointed swimbaits have been around for quite some time.
You're out on your lake, air temp is pushing 100 degrees but your dead set on a catching a few. You throw jigs, worms, deep diving cranks, spoons, spinner baits and everything else you can think of. You might catch one or two but putting a solid limit in the boat can be difficult.
Bass are like humans in the heat of summer. When its hot out, we don't want to be up and moving around. We would much rather sit on the couch and enjoy the A/C. Come dinner time, were not headed out to a restaurant, were staying in the air conditioning and grabbing something from the fridge.
Deep water (15 to 30-ft) is what bass consider air conditioning, so just as we are sitting on the couch during the heat of the day, bass are sitting down deep. There is a multitude of baits that will get down to the fish's strike zone but if you really want to get them off the couch, a subtle swim bait will often do the trick.
One of my favorite's is the "Bottom Walker" by River2Sea. Although this bait performs great on an umbrella rig, I choose to throw it by itself just as it comes out of the package. This bait is weighted perfectly and eliminates the need to rig with a swim bait hook. Just tie your favorite knot and get to fishing.
A great technique to fishing this swim bait is known as "yo-yo'ing" or "feathering". Make a long cast to your targeted area and let the swim bait fall on slack line. Watch your line for signs of a bass picking up your bait on the fall. Once the bait hits the bottom, Sharply snap your rod tip up to the 12-o'clock position and then let the bait fall again on slack line. Repeat this process until you feel a bass inhale your lure. Set the hook and put another bass in the live well.
Summer is winding down but most of the U.S still has temperatures in the 90's. This technique will catch those lethargic summer bass and will cover enough water to pick up those fall transition bass moving up to the shallows chasing bait fish.
Next time your out on the water, try fishing a subtle swim bait and give yourself a shot at catching more bass!


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"Sustaining DH" follows close upon the heels of "Sustaining MedArt," a project that investigated both the human-centered and technological ("socio-technical") factors that impact the long-term preservation of digital humanities projects. "Sustaining MedArt" culminated in the production of a website entitled The Socio-Technical Sustainability Roadmap (STSR) (www.sustainingdh.net), a resource that provides background information and a detailed scaffolding for exploring approaches to the long term sustainability of digital humanities projects. "Sustaining DH" supports the important work of taking the STSR "on the road," to institutions around the United States, for facilitated workshops. This project is generously funded by a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities, Office of Digital Humanities.
Approximately a year following the conclusion of our first NEH Research and Development Grant, the Visual Media Workshop team (with Dr. Alison Langmead at the helm) is embarking on its second NEH-funded project.
As some of you may recall, the first grant was dedicated to running an extensive case study of Images of Medieval Art and Architecture (http://www.medart.pitt.edu/), an early manifestation of a digital humanities project. The grant culminated in the creation of a website entitled The Socio-Technical Sustainability Roadmap (STSR) (www.sustainingdh.net), a resource for project managers interested in assessing the status and potential sustainability solutions for their digital projects.
As part of this grant, we have also proposed specific mechanisms for engaging with workshop participants and other interested individuals beyond the in-person workshops, offering virtual "office hours," for example, and other resources throughout the granting period.
More details on all of these activities will follow in the coming months!
For the second year in a row, I had the distinct privilege of attending the International Congress on Medieval Studies in Kalamazoo, Michigan. According to the Medieval Congress' Twitter feed (@KzooICMS), this unique conference attracted almost 3,000 attendees this year.
First, we asked of the attendees (mostly art historians): "How long do you want your research images to last?"
~41% selected "Until the end of my career"
~14% selected "Until the end of the research project (approx. 2-3 yrs)"
0 selected "Until the end of the week"
<1% selected "It doesn't matter to me"
Following this question, we asked: "How long do you expect your research images to last?"
~36% selected "Until the end of my career"
~23% selected "Until the end of the research project (approx. 2-3 yrs)"
<1% selected "Until the end of the week"
We then asked: "Is there a gap between your expectation and desire for image persistence, and are you concerned about it?"
~22% selected "I don't see a gap"
Finally, and perhaps, most importantly, we asked: "If you could store your research images communally, would you?
48% selected "Yes, in a heartbeat"
16% selected "Yes, I suppose"
32% selected "Maybe...talk to me more"
0 selected "No, it's fine"
Consider these as you will!
We also presented the attached "rogue" poster at various wine hours throughout the Congress.
For the past few weeks, I have worked on writing a reflection of my experiences thus far on the medart project. I did this partially as a way to wrap up my experiences this past semester and partially as a means to synthesize my work to make it more useful to the grant report.
To write my reflection, I started by going through any notes and spreadsheets I have saved to my computer and by going through my Constellation posts. The process of going through my old blog posts has been really useful for creating a comprehensive reflection. Being able to use the blog posts also helped me to see how important writing detailed blog posts was. As it were, I had a detailed record of everything I had done the past two semesters that I could work from.
I organized my reflection into five sections not including an introduction and conclusion. Each of the five sections was dedicated to one of the tasks I was assigned over the course of the past year. I lumped most of my earlier tasks like reading the grant, comparing file trees, and looking at the interview transcriptions into a section called "familiarization," because each of these tasks were geared toward familiarizing me with medart. The remaining sections were "Metadata," "The Wayback Machine," "Finding Aids," and "Urchin Reports." In each section, I wrote about why the task was performed, what I did, any problems that were encountered, and what we discovered from this task. Hopefully, as a synthesis of the work I have done, this reflection will be useful to the grant report.
I also took some time to write an introduction for the finding aids I wrote this semester. The finding aids will be in the appendix of the grant report. In the introduction, I provided background information on why we decided we needed finding aids and on the different versions of medart stored in the hard drive. I then went on to explain my method when creating the finding aids and the challenges that stemmed from the lack of consistent organization in the medart directories. Finally, I explained how the finding aids were organized and the best way to navigate them.
After break, I will be returning in May after attending the 52nd International Congress on Medieval Studies at Western Michigan University in Kalamazoo, MI. I'm excited to talk with medievalists about what we have learned about medart and to hear Aisling and Alison present at their roundtable. During the summer semester, I look forward to working on the socio-technical roadmap for medart.
It is early April, so the Sustaining MedArt team is once again preparing for the International Congress on Medieval Studies in Kalamazoo, Michigan. The project, originating with an initial usability survey in the autumn of 2014, explores the relationship between perceptions of site usability and sustainability. In particular, we entered this project wondering how user experiences correlate to preservation worthiness.
In addition to preparing our grant report for the NEH (with ample input from Jedd Hakimi, in particular), Dr. Langmead and I are planning our portion of the Collective (A Roundtable). This collective presentation, listed on page 43 of the Medieval Congress 2017 program/tome, is sponsored by the Material Collective, "a collaborative of art historians and students of visual culture" seeking "to foster a safe space for alternative ways of thinking about projects." For our participatory portion of this session, we will ask attendees to engage with questions about their personal collections of research images, among other things (await update in May!).
We interviewed Dr. Alison Stones, co-creator of the MedArt, and Philip Maye, a major contributor to the site. From these interviews, we learned a great deal about the site's origins and major moments of change throughout the past two decades.
Lindsay Decker, our courageous MLIS-student researcher, thoroughly examined various iterations of the website through an analysis of the website's file tree and the hard drive on which former instances are saved. Screen captures on the Internet Archive have played a vital role throughout this research as well. The end result? A comprehensive index of the site(s) modeled after an archival finding aid. Lindsay has blogged about her research processes here and here.
Jedd Hakimi continues to research and write extensively in preparation for the final grant report. He has provided helpful frameworks for thinking about various aspects of the project throughout the past few months.
I am producing an academic poster (WATCH THIS SPACE!) and am applying for various conferences (ditto). I will also be posting our presentation from Kalamazoo in late May!
I've spent the past month analyzing an Urchin Report on the usage of Medart. Google Urchin was Google Analytics predecessor. I was using Urchin 7 which is the newest version, but it was released back in 2010, so there haven't been any recent updates to it. I was warned that not every aspect of the software would work, and I found that to be true. There were no visitor data, but there were data on how many visits and hits there were to the site. Data on visit length did not appear consistently and neither did total bytes used. I was excited to find that Urchin had recorded bot activity, which gave me a more accurate depiction of site usage. We are more interested in use by real people, so I extracted bot hits from total hits to see how many real people used the site. However, Urchin states that it identifies bots by looking for "bot-like" activity which means there could be some inaccuracies. Therefore, while this data is helpful and shows some trends, it is possible that the information isn't exact.
I only had access to usage data from the past 18 months. 18 months initially consisted of Sept. 2015 to Feb. 2017, but since it is now March I have lost access to the Sept. 2015 data. Luckily, I had already recorded everything I needed from Sept. 2015 before the data disappeared. It appears that Urchin can only store 18 months of data at a time.
Since I worked on this mostly in February, I'm going to focus this post on data from Sept. 2015 to Feb. 2017. When looking at total and average visits to medart, it looks like there is a slight low in the summer months and a spike beginning in Oct. 2016. However, when we look only at hits and take out the bots, it is clear that there is a consistent usage increase September to October with a peak in November for both 2015 and 2016. There is a slight dip in December but the lows are definitely in the summer months (June, July, August). This shows that activity by real people follows a pattern dictated by the academic calendar. The spike in visits that began in Oct. 2016 is likely a result of increased bot activity which has continued to the present, not because of increased use by real people.
To reiterate, Urchin may not have accurately filtered out all the bots. One way we decided to combat any possibility of misinformation was by looking at hits to the glossary page. There's no reason for bots to be overly interested in the glossary page, but it would be something people would use. We decided that by focusing on the glossary we might get a better idea of how many real people use medart. I found that the glossary page appeared as one of medart's top 5 most visited content for the past 18 months. The glossary had 9,074 visits and was the third most visited page. In comparison, the home page had the most visits at 89,012. The vast difference in these numbers indicates that a large portion of home page visits could be bots. 9,074 visits are much closer to what we would expect from 18 months of usage. For each time period, Urchin would only give me information on the top 5 pages in medart. I went through month by month to see if the glossary was always in the top 5 content. The glossary didn't show up in the top 5 content at all until September, 2016. It is possible that the glossary rose in popularity as a result of the Sustaining Medart team's visit to Kalamazoo in May, 2016.
Medart's top 5 content consistently included the home page and the main menu pages for France and England, but interestingly enough, medart's page on the Tower of London also appeared consistently. In fact, this page was the fifth most visited page overall for the past year and a half. The Tower of London page got 7,096 visits, and users spent an average of 6 minutes and 12 seconds on it. This is compared to the glossary which saw 3 minutes of average time spent. Of all the top 5 content, users spent the most time per visit with the Tower of London page. This activity did not sound like bot activity, so why were so many users spending so much time on this page? I dug a little deeper and found that the Tower of London was in the top 5 all 18 months except during July, August, and September of 2016 with a low in Dec. 2015 and a peak in March, 2016. This very nearly mimics the academic calendar, so it could be something used for classes. I wanted to know how people were finding this page so I googled "Tower of London Medieval Timeline" and looked under google images. An image from the Tower of London page was one of the first to come up. I found that someone had posted a link to this page on Pinterest. After some more searching I found two more images from medart saved to Pinterest. It's exciting to see medart integrated into social media, and to see the effect it can have on site usage. It was good that I was able to get some insight on how actual people found medart. According to the Urchin Report, everyone who used medart got there by typing in the URL. This is extremely unlikely which is why I did some actual searching to get this information.
I did a similar search to find out how people were getting to the glossary. I googled "medieval glossary" and medart's glossary was the ninth result. I checked through the other results to see if any linked to medart but didn't find anything. People certainly can get to the glossary this way, but I think it's more likely that usage increased because of the presentation at Kalamazoo in May.
Overall, the Urchin Reports presented us with a lot of really helpful information. We got further validation that medart usage revolves around the academic calendar, and we were able to look more closely at bot activity on the site. The Urchin Report also led me to discover other ways people have linked to medart, such as through Pinterest.
I recently finished the finding aid for PITT_EDU–medart. PITT_EDU–medart is a folder containing the earliest version of medart. It was the primary directory for medart until they created VRCOLL out of a need for more storage space. However, instead of moving the contents of PITT_EDU–medart onto VRCOLL, they continued to maintain it. PITT_EDU–medart served as the nucleus of medart in that the contents of VRCOLL often linked back to material in PITT_EDU–medart. Some of what's on PITT_EDU–medart is no longer active on the medart site or in some cases never was. In this way PITT_EDU–medart is very much like a time capsule of medart's history.
PITT_EDU–medart includes relics of medart's past such as course materials from Alison Stones' "Introduction of Medieval Art and Architecture" classes. We know from interviewing Alison and by reading her work that medart was intended as a classroom tool. The course materials are further evidence of this. Assignment outlines, images to be used in assignments, and quizzes on vocabulary are some examples of course materials found on PITT_EDU–medart.
There is also evidence of experimentation in PITT_EDU–medart. I found a version of the search feature that I hadn't seen before. This further emphasizes that they considered a search feature but must have determined it wouldn't work for medart since it was never made live on the site. The wording on the search feature (can be seen in the above image) indicates doubt on the part of its creator in regard to its functionality. It's possible that it wasn't that they didn't think a search feature would work for medart, but rather couldn't get the search feature to workv period.
Another interesting discovery while creating the PITT_EDU–medart finding aid was consistency in the inaccuracy of France's alphabetical categories. Instead of a long list of sites in France, they are organized into sections such as A-C or D-K etc. However, when exploring the file trees I noticed that A-C or D-K was not always an accurate title for a particular section. For example, D-K has starts with Chadenac and ends with Montmouillon, L-Z starts with Lacharite and ends with Metz, N-R starts with Montmouillon and ends with Rouen. It was interesting to see these inaccuracies reflected in the hard drive. On the current medart website the sites are organized into the correct sections.
Creating this finding aid has given me the opportunity to evaluate the differences and connections between the VRCOLL and PITT_EDU–medart directories as well as with projects I worked on earlier this year.
To start the semester, I finished a finding aid I had started last semester. The finding aid was for VRCOLL-medart,one of the versions of medart we have stored on a hard drive. VRCOLL-medart is that largest of the three versions of medart, and the finding aid, as it is now, is 16 pages long. I set up the finding aid by listing the main folders and then recording either a summary of its contents or a detailed account. A lot of the finding aid had to be done on a case by case basis, because there really was no steady consistency to the organization of VRCOLL-medart. Some folders were titled after a monument and everything in the folder was used for medart's webpage on that monument. Other folders might be named "Business Cards" and contain a to-do list for a grad student, instructions on how to create an image retrieval link, a file that can't be opened named "History-of-medart," and not a single reference to business cards. In cases like that I had to list everything that was in the folder because there would be no way to summarize it other than "miscellaneous files," in which case half the folders in VRCOLL-medart would be labeled as such. The lack of consistency certainly contributed to the length of the finding aid. The reason for the disorganization of VRCOLL-medart might be simply because it was used for so long and by so many different people. Collaborative efforts by many graduate students with different organization strategies are probably the greatest reason for the inconsistencies. Another is the sheer size of VRCOLL-medart, which consists of 116 GB, far larger than any other version of medart we have. VRCOLL-medart is larger, because it also houses images and information for the Chartres website which was a separate project run by some of the same people. One aspect of VRCOLL-medart I found particularly interesting were the folders dedicated to specific countries. The medart website has images only of France and England, but VRCOLL-medart has folders for the Czech Republic, Germany, Greece, Italy, Poland, and Spain. At first, I thought these folders only contained images from these countries and that medart never had the time or funding to make webpages for them and put them up in medart. But interestingly enough there are multiple html webpages for each country including homepages for all of them except the Czech Republic. So the question is why did they not add the webpages and images to medart if they had already created them? All in all taking the time to thoroughly sweep VRCOLL-medart has provided us with quite a bit of useful information. There was email correspondence saved in VRCOLL-medart concerning requests to use medart images, questions about medart, and conversations between medart's creators. I also found a presentation two of the graduate students who worked on medart gave at a conference that gives us insight on their thoughts on medart and how it was intended to be used. There were also usage stats and a great deal of other information in VRCOLL-medart that will be useful to our understanding of medart's history. I'm interested to discover more about medart from the other two versions of it we have.
Recently, I have taken some time to explore the changes made to medart's menu page for England (menuengland). Some of the most drastic changes to medart occurred on this page. In the earliest snapshot we have of menuengland from 12.25.1996 the user had to navigate to the images they wanted through a map. The user had to click on the location of whichever monument they wanted images of. They did have a link to an alphabetic site list one could choose as an alternative to the map. In 2000, they increased the size of the map and made the alternative site list a more prominent feature on the site. By 2008, the map had been eradicated and the only navigation option was through the site list. I wanted to dig deeper into the reasons these changes were made and discovered a number of possibilities. My understanding is that the map used on the menuengland page of medart from 1996-2008 is an image map. One definition of an image map "is a list of coordinates relating to a specific image, created in order to hyperlink areas of the image to different destinations (as opposed to a normal image link, in which the entire area of the image links to a single destination)," (Wikipedia 2016). This essentially is what the map on menuengland does. There have been two different types of image maps. Server-side image maps were the first type and were used starting in 1993. The second type of image map is a client-side image map, and those were used starting in January of 1997. Therefore, we can assume that at least at first menuengland was using a server-side image map. I'm a little fuzzy on the different between a server-side and client-side image map, but I think it has to do with how the browser finds the URL you've clicked on within the image map. People had a lot of trouble with server-side image maps, because the browser didn't always understand where to send the user. Now if you happen to see an image map on the web (the sites I was on seemed to scoff at the continued use of image maps and referred to them as "mystery-meat navigation") it's almost always client-side (Bloom). The modifications to menuengland happened primarily in 1998 (35%), 2000 (21%), and 2001 (38%). After 2001 it was only modified once each in 2008 and 2009 and then twice in 2014 that I can tell. The modifications may have been more frequent in 1998 because they were switching to the newly invented client-side image map. Then in 1999 the Web Content Access Guidelines (WCAG) 1.0 was published. WCAG 1.0 mentions image maps quite a bit, because they are inaccessible to someone using a keyboard. They recommend web developers provide a text equivalent when using an image map (W3C 1999). This could explain the changes in 2000 and 2001. In 2000, they changed menuengland by enlarging the map and making the site list (their alternative to the image map) more prominent. Previously, the site list was at the bottom of the page, and after 2000 it was moved to the top of the page and enlarged. They also added an option to explore the sites by category. This may have been an attempt to better comply with the WCAG or at least to make the site more accessible. The image map was not fully removed until 2008. From the Wayback Machine I can tell the image map was removed sometime between 5/9/2008 and 12/16/2008. However, upon looking at the metadata I was able to find an exact date since there was only one modification in 2008: 10/7/2008. This is very near to when WCAG 2.0 was published (December 11, 2008). WCAG 2.0 similarly condemned image maps and urged web developers to provide alternatives to users who needed assistive technologies to use a computer (W3C 2008). Medart removed the image map prior to the release of WCAG 2.0, but if it was a hot topic at the time they may still have removed it for accessibility reasons. They replaced the image map with a site list organized alphabetically and created an identical one for menufrance. Connecting the actions of the creators of medart to what was going on in the world of web development is both enlightening and exciting. Adding that context gives the changes made to medart more meaning. The changes they made to menuengland were likely not made on a whim to improve aesthetics or style but instead to improve the accessibility of the site and extend its usefulness to more people. References Bloom, Zack. "A Quick History of Image Maps." Eager. Accessed November 28, 2016. https://eager.io/blog/a-quick-history-of-image-maps/. W3C. 1999. "Web Content Accessibility Guidelines." Last modified May 5, 1999. http://www.w3.org/TR/WCAG10. W3C. 2008. "Web Content Accessibility Guidelines." Last Modified December 11, 2008. http://www.w3.org/TR/WCAG20/. Wikipedia. 2016. "Image Map." Last modified November 11, 2016. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image_map.
With the help of Matt Burton we were able to successfully extract metadata from the medart folders via unix commands. We have since imported that data into an excel spreadsheet from which we have begun analyzing and organizing our findings. I have been specifically looking at when which directories were most frequently modified and which file types were used most prominently. Unsurprisingly, the files are overwhelmingly jpgs followed by gifs and the directory with the most files by far is the "image" directory. We have also looked at which months showed the most activity and have found that their actions directly reflect the school year with the most modifications taking place in May and June and the fewest during the winter holidays in December and January.
Unfortunately, we have only been able to find the date modified for these folders. Every avenue I have tried in my attempts to find the date created has yielded either November 4, 2014 (long after medart was created) or January 1, 1970 (long before medart was even thought of). While we will continue to look for new ways to capture the date created of these files, in the meantime there is a lot that can be learned from the metadata we already have.
Also, while combing through the data I came across a folder titled "Kalamazoo." In it I found presentation outlines for the 2009 International Congress on Medieval Studies. The Sustaining Medart team attended this same conference in May 2016 and will again in 2017. In 2009 two of medart's primary creators, Jane Vadnal and Phil Maye, presented on medart. While we don't have their actual presentations the outlines do give us some insight into the creation of medart and the intentions behind it. For example, we now know medart began as a way to turn Alison Stones' course materials into webpages.
Studying medart is constantly leading us to new surprises and discoveries at every turn. I'm excited to see what we will find next as we put more and more pieces of the medart puzzle together.
As Graves' data becomes available and conceptualized in visually informative ways, we're investigating ways in which the data can turn into objects that we can track through Itinera (itinera.pitt.edu). By honing and creating more geographically specific locations for these entities and tracking works of art through Graves' art sales, the VMW cohort under Brewer's guidance is working toward diversifying Itinera by mapping the European and non-Western routes of lesser tracked populations such as influential women and people of color through 18th-century Eastern Europe and Turkey. In our attention to multiple scales and modalities of historical vision, our attention focuses on the questions, how can we visualize and generate new insights into the travels of 18th-century travelers through contemporary identity politics and digital mapping methods? Furthermore, how can mapping diverse populations in this time over this space creating meaning through historical place-making?
As the end of the term approaches, the Sustaining MedArt team lead by Aisling Quigley continues to unearth and reconstruct the socio-technical history of the website, Images of Medieval Art and Architecture (www.medart.pitt.edu). While the digital forensics research has provided helpful insights into the foundations of the site, this work has been arduous. The digital forensics tools are complex and uncooperative, and the dissection of the site itself has revealed a tangle of messy innards. Despite numerous obstacles, however, our team perseveres undaunted! Indeed, the complexities are revelatory in and of themselves, and the data is slowly but surely bringing to light important moments in the website creation process. Following from this work, the team, comprised of Quigley, Lindsay Decker (read Decker's reflections on the subject here), and Jedd Hakimi, is discussing and establishing a firm infrastructure for developing a socio-technical digital preservation roadmap.
Undergraduate researcher Dheeraj K. Jalluri works on a neuroaesthetic research project investigating neural basis of artistic aesthetic experience in Abstract Expressionist art under Brewer's guidance. This semester, he is focusing on formulating a method to quantitatively analyze artwork qualities implicated in neuroaesthetic theories, such as symmetry and contrast and value using Photoshop. In future exploration, he gears his tools toward the crowd-sourcing tool Mechanical Turk and Fourier Analysis in the development of a larger research question that best suits these methods.
As an invitation to inter-institutional connection and networking, those interested in our efforts toward constructing bridges to other digital humanities spaces can follow #arthistory on our Digital Humanities Slack (https://t.co/BI1cizC4de) and through our new listserv at https://list.pitt.edu/mailman/listinfo/ddarth.


text:
package com.imminentmeals.prestige.example.models;

/**
 * A news article.
 *
 * An article consists of a headline and a body. In this example app, article text is dynamically
 * generated nonsense.
 */
public class NewsArticle {

  /**
   * Create a news article with randomly generated text.
   *
   * @param nonsense_generator the nonsense generator to use.
   */
  public NewsArticle(NonsenseGenerator nonsense_generator) {
    _headline = nonsense_generator.makeHeadline();

    final StringBuilder string_builder = stringBuilder();
    string_builder.append(_ARTICLE_OPENER);
    string_builder.append(_HEADER_OPENER).append(_headline).append(_HEADER_CLOSER);
    for (int i = 0; i < _PARAGRAPHS_PER_ARTICLE; i++)
      string_builder.append(_PARAGRAPH_OPENER)
                    .append(nonsense_generator.makeText(_SENTENCES_PER_PARAGRAPH))
                    .append(_PARAGRAPH_CLOSER);

    string_builder.append(_ARTICLE_CLOSER);
    _body = string_builder.toString();
    string_builder.setLength(0);
  }

  /** Returns the headline. */
  public String getHeadline() {
    return _headline;
  }

  /** Returns the article body (HTML) */
  public String getBody() {
    return _body;
  }

  private static StringBuilder stringBuilder() {
    if (_string_builder.get() == null) _string_builder.set(new StringBuilder());
    return _string_builder.get();
  }

  // Headline and body
  private String _headline, _body;
  // How many sentences in each paragraph?
  private static final int _SENTENCES_PER_PARAGRAPH = 20;
  // How many paragraphs in each article?
  private static final int _PARAGRAPHS_PER_ARTICLE = 5;
  private static final ThreadLocal<StringBuilder> _string_builder = new ThreadLocal<>();
  private static final String _ARTICLE_OPENER = "";
  private static final String _ARTICLE_CLOSER = "";
  private static final String _HEADER_OPENER = "
";
  private static final String _HEADER_CLOSER = "
";
  private static final String _PARAGRAPH_OPENER = "
";
  private static final String _PARAGRAPH_CLOSER = "
";
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Tucked among the backroads of Leesport, Pennsylvania, Berks County Residential Center exclusively hosts immigrant parents and children as they wait to learn their fate. It is one of three ICE facilities that hold families; the other two are in Texas.
At an ICE family detention center in Pennsylvania, one 10-year-old girl's medical records tell two different stories.
The Berks County Residential Center's contracted psychologist held several check-ins with the child and her mother while they were detained between December 2015 and May 2016. In his notes, the psychologist described a woman who could not discipline her daughter and a girl who threw tantrums when she didn't get her way. He wrote that he "politely reminded" the mom that she could "set boundaries."
As to the child's bedwetting, he suggested that she visit a urologist, just in case. But he wrote, "the impression she left on me and the interpreter was that her enuresis was related to nothing more than laziness."
While at Berks, the girl's condition dramatically worsened. She visited an adult urologist during the last month of her stay and never saw a pediatrician.
She was hospitalized in mid-March, 10 months after her release. She has potassium in her urine, and her doctors told her that her disease is incurable. A transplant would prove too difficult, and both her kidneys are failing.
This 10-year-old girl was hospitalized because of severe of kidney issues in March, 10 months after her release from Berks.
"Now, she has permanent damage," said Bridget Cambria, one of the pro-bono lawyers who represent detainees at Berks.
For 14 families, all without criminal records, life at Berks County Residential Center has become a long-term reality. In phone interviews, three current detainees told NBC they've grown tired of an education system that barely teaches, a medical unit that doesn't meet their needs, a cafeteria with inedible food, and a staff with no comprehension of their culture. But mostly, they're sick of lingering in limbo.
She and her associates, who are based in Reading, Pennsylvania, connected NBC with the mothers, who spoke under the condition that they remain anonymous for fear of retaliation from U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement, the facility's staff, and their abusers back home.
The center is run by county employees and contractors who advocates say lack fundamental aptitudes for their jobs. The children at Berks could be better served in the open, where more qualified and diverse individuals would see to their needs.
When the 10-year-old girl continually had nighttime accidents at Berks, not all medical professionals missed her warning signs.
One of the lawyers brought in someone from the outside to re-assess her. Kathryn S. Miller, a registered clinical social worker and play therapist-supervisor, noticed how close the family was -- how when the mother began to cry, her daughter quickly handed her a tissue and later affectionately plucked a piece of lint from her shirt. Miller asked them why they had left El Salvador, and they told her about the gang activity that had forced them to run. They had often heard gunshots around their home, and their neighbors would be robbed or disappear.
In Miller's notes, she wrote that the girl said gang members would "do bad things, and that's why I'm so scared." One had broken into her house to hide from the police. When he was in her home, she had been afraid for her life and her loved ones.
The psychologist declined comment to NBC on his work at Berks and directed contact through ICE, which has not granted an interview with him.
Tucked among the backroads of Leesport, Pennsylvania, Berks County Residential Center exclusively hosts immigrant parents and children as they wait to learn their fate. It is one of three ICE facilities that hold families; the other two are used for short-term detention in Texas. It's hidden, and locals might be surprised to find out it's even there.
Berks is one of three ICE facilities that hold families; the other two are in Texas.
At the two-floor center that holds up to 96 people, stark white walls surround detainees day and night in dorm-style rooms that, for some, become their home for years.
"It's such a creepy place," said Karen Hoffmann, a legal advocate for immigrants at Berks.
Beginning in November 2015, over two dozen immigrant families filed habeas corpus lawsuits that collectively comprise Castro v. Department of Homeland Security. Fourteen of the families are still at Berks. In the case, detainees who had failed their credible fear interviews for asylum decried the U.S. immigration system because of its lack of external review and asked for another chance to remain in the United States. The American Civil Liberties Union spearheaded the suit and has pushed it all the way to the Supreme Court.
All of the families involved in Castro were detained after crossing the southern border. Their confidential interview and habeas documents indicate that they were primarily asked "yes" or "no" questions, sometimes not even in their native languages, and they were often cut off mid-sentence during the interview process, according to their attorneys. After they had failed their interviews, immigration judges rubber-stamped those decisions during five-minute hearings. All of the immigrants were assigned to expedited removal and put in detention while awaiting deportation.
The asylum interviews took place under President Barack Obama's administration. Our former commander in chief cracked down on undocumented families after the 2014 immigration crisis, when women and children flocked to the United States seeking refuge from violence in El Salvador, Honduras, and Guatemala.
Since taking office, President Donald Trump has revamped expedited removal to apply to undocumented residents who have lived in the United States for up to two years, a dramatic extension of the policy.
In the early 2010s, a majority of asylum cases were granted, but numbers plunged after 2014. Last year, more than 56 percent of cases were denied, according to the Transactional Records Access Clearinghouse at Syracuse University. Given Trump's platform, they may continue to drop.
Both Obama and Trump said that undocumented criminals were their priority for deportation, but none of the immigrants in the Castro case have a criminal record, according to Hoffmann.
The Third Circuit of the U.S. Court of Appeals in Philadelphia ruled against the immigrant families in August, refusing them the capacity to challenge their deportation. That decision meant that "enemy combatants in Guantanamo who are not even on U.S. soil have more rights than asylum seekers," Kline said.
"How can that be, that people that you say are terrorists, who are trying to blow up the United States, who haven't even touched U.S. soil, have more rights to court procedure than a mom and child who are fleeing for their lives?" she asked.
The Supreme Court is expected to decide if it will hear the case in mid- to late-April. If it does hear Castro, the detainees' attorneys hope their clients will be set free until the scheduled court date, which could be set for years from now. If they win the case, they will be able to re-interview for asylum.
But if the appeal is denied in the next few weeks, all of the families will most likely be deported.
Since the lawsuit was filed almost a year and a half ago, ICE has maintained that everyone involved must remain in detention until a final ruling, according to the families' attorneys. Still, about half have been released because of medical issues or outside pressure, upon the discretion of ICE officials. The rest wonder why their illnesses — diabetes, or their children's ever-declining weight, or crippling depression — do not qualify them for discharge.
While the families wait to learn the Supreme Court's decision, their kids are growing up in confinement, and advocates say the center is not equipped for years-long stays.
"ICE is committed to ensuring that residents at the Center are provided a safe, secure and humane environment as they go through the immigration process, which also includes those who remain at the Center for extended periods of time," officials said in a statement.
In August, some of the mothers went on a hunger strike to demand their release, so fed up with the system that they were willing to forgo basic nutrition for weeks. Many of them are still at Berks. Amnesty International USA launched a campaign in March to free four children who all have Special Immigrant Juvenile Status and who have been in detention for over 500 days.
One of the mothers in the Castro case is from Honduras and has a 3-year-old son. When they crossed the border, he was only 22 months old. After getting picked up and transferred from Karnes County Residential Center in Texas, they have spent 18 months at Berks while her parents and siblings wait for them on the outside.
She said that the children aren't allowed to run around, and that her son spends all his time by her side, always monitored and controlled. Staffers tell her that he should be seated, and that he has no need to run and explore, she said.
The Berks Resident Handbook, which was included as evidence in a court case, says that children under 10 "are expected to be under the direct supervision of their parent at all times" unless there's an organized activity, or they're in school. Kids over 10 can get free movement passes, if their parents agree.
ICE officials said in a statement to NBC that "similar to other child care facilities and schools" detainees are allowed to run in the center's recreational areas.
School-aged children attend classes during the morning and early afternoon, for five hours each day, according to ICE. While they study, their moms wipe down almost the entire facility — the kitchen, lobby, phone areas, bathrooms, practically everything but the ICE offices.
"Once you drop your kids off, out comes the cleaning cart and you start cleaning," Cambria said.
Though the work program is technically voluntary and pays one dollar a day, mothers take part because if they are assigned to the kitchen shift, they're given juices and ice cream for their kids, who they say won't eat most of the other food in the cafeteria because it's gross. Menus from May and June 2016 show that residents had access to rice, beans and tortillas, but main courses tended more toward carb-loaded American favorites like pizza, chicken tenders, and hot pockets.
In class, three teachers and two assistants cover five subjects -- including physical education -- for all grade levels. In a statement to NBC, ICE wrote that "the curriculum is individualized for students based on their learning profiles and academic needs." In practice, kids are doled out worksheets or handed books for self-study.
Some detainees and their representatives indicated that the education is inadequate. When Hoffmann, the legal advocate, visited an 11-year-old at Berks, the girl asked if they could watch "Barbie: Princess Charm School." It was what they were doing in class, she said.
Most kids "really want to go to school and really want to learn," said Kline, one of the attorneys. "And then here's this school where they are doing worksheets and no one's teaching them anything."
Loulou, a young Syrian woman who was detained with her father for six months when she was 15 and 16 before being granted asylum, has deferred an offer of admission from Rutgers University, where she plans to study mathematics, to work for a year. She asked to use her nickname without her last name because members of her family are still waiting to come to the United States.
Loulou said that while at Berks, she didn't feel discriminated against by her teachers, but she added, "I never learned anything new." All of the assignments were "primary school level," and her instructors struggled to teach her. They would give her a vocabulary list each day that she would have to define, "and that was basically it" for language arts, she said.
A play area where families wait while they're being processed into Berks.
Sometimes, when the English teacher taught her math, she would just read from a textbook. If she had any questions about a problem, she was told to skip it.
Art projects are popular among the teachers. On the walls near the visitation area, crafty assignments for the season ask the children to describe where they hope to travel in the summer, or what they want for Christmas in December. For St. Patrick's Day this year, the attorneys said the kids had to fill out prompts about why they were lucky.
"What they want to write is 'I'm lucky because... I'm not. I'm stuck in this place, and I can't leave,'" Cambria said.
Some children ask their advocates for supplementary books. Before Donald Trump was elected, a 12-year-old boy requested a copy of "The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich" in Spanish, Hoffmann said. The kid's mother complained in Flores v. Holder, another case that involved Berks, that her son "gets bored" in class. Inn a June 2016 declaration, Joshua G. Reid, ICE assistant field office director in Philadelphia, responded by saying that the boy had been moved from the third- to sixth-grade classroom to a seventh- to tenth-grade level, where he appeared to be "challenged, yet doing well."
One of the mothers from El Salvador has a 16-year-old son, and they've both been at Berks for 18 months. He was excited to come to the United States, where he could study English and take classes in all different subjects.
"He says, 'Mom, I want to leave here so I can learn more,'" she told NBC.
Her son has slept next to her for a year and a half, through puberty. While other teenagers occasionally circle through Berks, he is usually the only boy his age.
"He looks out the window and asks, 'When will I get to leave through that door?' And I can't answer him because I don't know," she said.
Now, he has gotten so depressed that he skips lunch and takes a nap between classes. He doesn't like the cafeteria food, and like many of the other kids, he longs for dishes that reflect the cuisine from his country.
Another mother from El Salvador, who has a 7-year-old son, said that adolescents often get desperate, grabbing ropes and threatening to hang themselves, or wishing they would die.
"It's not just, that kids spend their childhoods locked in four walls," she said.
The counselors, childcare professionals who watch over detainees, are supposed to look out for their well being. But, according to the attorneys and some immigrant mothers, they lack essential qualifications, like Spanish fluency and cultural understanding, and their misconceptions can sometimes turn into racism.
One counselor often talked about his support for Trump during the campaign, according to an internal declaration that a former detainee filed against him. When the woman asked him to stop saying that Trump "will make sure all immigrants get out of this country," he "started picking the hairs out of his beard and throwing them at me," she wrote in the complaint, which was sent directly to the facility's executive director, Diane Edwards.
That same Saturday, he approached her daughter and two other children. "He asked the girls to let their hair down and to start dancing" to hard rock, she wrote, and whoever danced the best would be rewarded with candy.
The complaint was filed in November, and attorneys were told that there would be an investigation. When they followed up in January, they did not receive a response.
In a separate ChildLine report, a 6-year-old boy told Miller, the Pennsylvania social worker, that he had witnessed the same counselor refuse to help a 16-year-old detainee carry a 13-year-old, who had collapsed from lack of oxygen, to the medical center. ChildLine is the Pennsylvania Department of Human Services' (PDHS) child protective services program that sorts tips and sends them to a relevant investigative body.
NBC asked to speak to the counselor, who as of March still worked at Berks, but ICE has yet to grant the request. Officials would not confirm whether he is still employed by them, or whether they have ever looked into his behavior. ICE said in a statement that they "are committed to ensuring that residents at the Center are treated in a safe, secure and humane manner" and "allegations of possible misconduct are thoroughly reviewed and investigated."
The mothers also criticized the staff's routine bed checks, which take place every 15 minutes in compliance with the facility's agreement with PDHS.
According to Reid's declaration for Flores v. Holder, last summer his team was in negotiations with PDHS to change the frequency of bed checks to once per hour. ICE declined to discuss "matters of pending litigation" with NBC and the detainees say the policy has yet to be revised. Because of the constant nighttime intrusions, they're always exhausted.
In January, during a room check in the early morning, one detainee saw a staff member approach her daughter's bed. The move triggered her PTSD, and she screamed four or five times out of fear that her child would be attacked. When she visited the Berks psychologist, he wrote in his notes that "she acknowledged that she loudly screamed repeatedly, and indicated that she was 'ashamed' of her behavior."
Some mothers worry that they're failing their children. When the mom from Honduras' infant was shaking with a high fever, she tried to go to the medical wing to get him help (detainees aren't allowed to keep most medication, including aspirin, in their rooms). She was told to return in the morning, but when she showed up before 7 a.m., the medical staff said they couldn't see her son until 4 p.m., during walk-in hours.
ICE officials confirmed that Berks holds walk-in hours from 9-10 a.m. and 4-5 p.m. daily but disputed mothers' allegations that they didn't have true access to around the clock care. They said that residents with urgent needs "will receive treatment at the medical clinic 24 hours a day, 7 days a week."
Cambria said that the only thing the Berks moms care about is their children.
Many of the mothers have refused deportation because they fear their children will be hurt or killed if they return home. They're willing to endure a drawn out court process even if it means staying indefinitely in detention, putting their lives on pause.
"I want to keep fighting, for my son," one said.


text:
Тавробо́лій (, ) — обряд заколювання биків, установлений у Римі за династії Антонінів у зв'язку з поширенням культу сирійських та перських божеств, особливо Мітри й Кібели. Перші тавроболії пов'язані з культом Аттіса. Головний момент таїнства полягав у хрещенні кров'ю вбитого бика або барана. За Юліана в тавроболіях брали участь перші державні чиновники і представники вищих жрецьких колегій. Існування обряду можна простежити до 390 р. н. е. Серед жерців, які виконували цей обряд, існувала складна ієрархія. На численних античних рельєфах, що збереглися до нашого часу, знаходимо зображення, пов'язані з тавроболіями.

Література
 Словник античної міфології. — : Наукова думка, 1985. — 236 сторінок.
 Robert Duthoy: The Taurobolium, its Evolution and Terminology. Études préliminaires aux religions orientales dans l'Empire romain Bd. 10. Brill, Leiden 1969
 Neil McLynn: The Fourth-Century "taurobolium". In: Phoenix, Bd. 50, Nr. 3/4 (Herbst – Winter, 1996), S. 312–330
 Clifford Herschel Moore: On the Origin of the Taurobolium. In: Harvard Studies in Classical Philology, Bd. 17, (1906), р. 43–48
 Vecihi Özkaya: The Shaft Monuments and the "Taurobolium" among the Phrygians. In: Anatolian Studies, Bd. 47, (1997), р. 89–103
 Jeremy B. Rutter: The Three Phases of the Taurobolium. In: Phoenix 22 (1968), р. 226–249.

Римська міфологія
Захист тварин