text:
<?php

// This file is part of Moodle - http://moodle.org/
//
// Moodle is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
// (at your option) any later version.
//
// Moodle is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
// GNU General Public License for more details.
//
// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
// along with Moodle.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

defined('MOODLE_INTERNAL') || die();

/**
 * Create the temp dir where backup/restore will happen and create temp ids table.
 */
class create_and_clean_temp_stuff extends backup_execution_step {

    protected function define_execution() {
        $progress = $this->task->get_progress();
        $progress->start_progress('Deleting backup directories');
        backup_helper::check_and_create_backup_dir($this->get_backupid());// Create backup temp dir
        backup_helper::clear_backup_dir($this->get_backupid(), $progress);           // Empty temp dir, just in case
        backup_controller_dbops::drop_backup_ids_temp_table($this->get_backupid()); // Drop ids temp table
        backup_controller_dbops::create_backup_ids_temp_table($this->get_backupid()); // Create ids temp table
        $progress->end_progress();
    }
}

/**
 * Delete the temp dir used by backup/restore (conditionally),
 * delete old directories and drop temp ids table. Note we delete
 * the directory but not the corresponding log file that will be
 * there for, at least, 1 week - only delete_old_backup_dirs() or cron
 * deletes log files (for easier access to them).
 */
class drop_and_clean_temp_stuff extends backup_execution_step {

    protected $skipcleaningtempdir = false;

    protected function define_execution() {
        global $CFG;

        backup_controller_dbops::drop_backup_ids_temp_table($this->get_backupid()); // Drop ids temp table
        backup_helper::delete_old_backup_dirs(strtotime('-1 week'));                // Delete > 1 week old temp dirs.
        // Delete temp dir conditionally:
        // 1) If $CFG->keeptempdirectoriesonbackup is not enabled
        // 2) If backup temp dir deletion has been marked to be avoided
        if (empty($CFG->keeptempdirectoriesonbackup) && !$this->skipcleaningtempdir) {
            $progress = $this->task->get_progress();
            $progress->start_progress('Deleting backup dir');
            backup_helper::delete_backup_dir($this->get_backupid(), $progress); // Empty backup dir
            $progress->end_progress();
        }
    }

    public function skip_cleaning_temp_dir($skip) {
        $this->skipcleaningtempdir = $skip;
    }
}

/**
 * Create the directory where all the task (activity/block...) information will be stored
 */
class create_taskbasepath_directory extends backup_execution_step {

    protected function define_execution() {
        global $CFG;
        $basepath = $this->task->get_taskbasepath();
        if (!check_dir_exists($basepath, true, true)) {
            throw new backup_step_exception('cannot_create_taskbasepath_directory', $basepath);
        }
    }
}

/**
 * Abstract structure step, parent of all the activity structure steps. Used to wrap the
 * activity structure definition within the main <activity ...> tag. Also provides
 * subplugin support for activities (that must be properly declared)
 */
abstract class backup_activity_structure_step extends backup_structure_step {

    /**
     * Add subplugin structure to any element in the activity backup tree
     *
     * @param string $subplugintype type of subplugin as defined in activity db/subplugins.php
     * @param backup_nested_element $element element in the activity backup tree that
     *                                       we are going to add subplugin information to
     * @param bool $multiple to define if multiple subplugins can produce information
     *                       for each instance of $element (true) or no (false)
     * @return void
     */
    protected function add_subplugin_structure($subplugintype, $element, $multiple) {

        global $CFG;

        // Check the requested subplugintype is a valid one
        $subpluginsfile = $CFG->dirroot . '/mod/' . $this->task->get_modulename() . '/db/subplugins.php';
        if (!file_exists($subpluginsfile)) {
             throw new backup_step_exception('activity_missing_subplugins_php_file', $this->task->get_modulename());
        }
        include($subpluginsfile);
        if (!array_key_exists($subplugintype, $subplugins)) {
             throw new backup_step_exception('incorrect_subplugin_type', $subplugintype);
        }

        // Arrived here, subplugin is correct, let's create the optigroup
        $optigroupname = $subplugintype . '_' . $element->get_name() . '_subplugin';
        $optigroup = new backup_optigroup($optigroupname, null, $multiple);
        $element->add_child($optigroup); // Add optigroup to stay connected since beginning

        // Get all the optigroup_elements, looking across all the subplugin dirs
        $subpluginsdirs = core_component::get_plugin_list($subplugintype);
        foreach ($subpluginsdirs as $name => $subpluginsdir) {
            $classname = 'backup_' . $subplugintype . '_' . $name . '_subplugin';
            $backupfile = $subpluginsdir . '/backup/moodle2/' . $classname . '.class.php';
            if (file_exists($backupfile)) {
                require_once($backupfile);
                $backupsubplugin = new $classname($subplugintype, $name, $optigroup, $this);
                // Add subplugin returned structure to optigroup
                $backupsubplugin->define_subplugin_structure($element->get_name());
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * As far as activity backup steps are implementing backup_subplugin stuff, they need to
     * have the parent task available for wrapping purposes (get course/context....)
     *
     * @return backup_activity_task
     */
    public function get_task() {
        return $this->task;
    }

    /**
     * Wraps any activity backup structure within the common 'activity' element
     * that will include common to all activities information like id, context...
     *
     * @param backup_nested_element $activitystructure the element to wrap
     * @return backup_nested_element the $activitystructure wrapped by the common 'activity' element
     */
    protected function prepare_activity_structure($activitystructure) {

        // Create the wrap element
        $activity = new backup_nested_element('activity', array('id', 'moduleid', 'modulename', 'contextid'), null);

        // Build the tree
        $activity->add_child($activitystructure);

        // Set the source
        $activityarr = array((object)array(
            'id'         => $this->task->get_activityid(),
            'moduleid'   => $this->task->get_moduleid(),
            'modulename' => $this->task->get_modulename(),
            'contextid'  => $this->task->get_contextid()));

        $activity->set_source_array($activityarr);

        // Return the root element (activity)
        return $activity;
    }
}

/**
 * Abstract structure step, to be used by all the activities using core questions stuff
 * (namely quiz module), supporting question plugins, states and sessions
 */
abstract class backup_questions_activity_structure_step extends backup_activity_structure_step {

    /**
     * Attach to $element (usually attempts) the needed backup structures
     * for question_usages and all the associated data.
     *
     * @param backup_nested_element $element the element that will contain all the question_usages data.
     * @param string $usageidname the name of the element that holds the usageid.
     *      This must be child of $element, and must be a final element.
     * @param string $nameprefix this prefix is added to all the element names we create.
     *      Element names in the XML must be unique, so if you are using usages in
     *      two different ways, you must give a prefix to at least one of them. If
     *      you only use one sort of usage, then you can just use the default empty prefix.
     *      This should include a trailing underscore. For example "myprefix_"
     */
    protected function add_question_usages($element, $usageidname, $nameprefix = '') {
        global $CFG;
        require_once($CFG->dirroot . '/question/engine/lib.php');

        // Check $element is one nested_backup_element
        if (! $element instanceof backup_nested_element) {
            throw new backup_step_exception('question_states_bad_parent_element', $element);
        }
        if (! $element->get_final_element($usageidname)) {
            throw new backup_step_exception('question_states_bad_question_attempt_element', $usageidname);
        }

        $quba = new backup_nested_element($nameprefix . 'question_usage', array('id'),
                array('component', 'preferredbehaviour'));

        $qas = new backup_nested_element($nameprefix . 'question_attempts');
        $qa = new backup_nested_element($nameprefix . 'question_attempt', array('id'), array(
                'slot', 'behaviour', 'questionid', 'variant', 'maxmark', 'minfraction', 'maxfraction',
                'flagged', 'questionsummary', 'rightanswer', 'responsesummary',
                'timemodified'));

        $steps = new backup_nested_element($nameprefix . 'steps');
        $step = new backup_nested_element($nameprefix . 'step', array('id'), array(
                'sequencenumber', 'state', 'fraction', 'timecreated', 'userid'));

        $response = new backup_nested_element($nameprefix . 'response');
        $variable = new backup_nested_element($nameprefix . 'variable', null,  array('name', 'value'));

        // Build the tree
        $element->add_child($quba);
        $quba->add_child($qas);
        $qas->add_child($qa);
        $qa->add_child($steps);
        $steps->add_child($step);
        $step->add_child($response);
        $response->add_child($variable);

        // Set the sources
        $quba->set_source_table('question_usages',
                array('id'                => '../' . $usageidname));
        $qa->set_source_table('question_attempts', array('questionusageid' => backup::VAR_PARENTID), 'slot ASC');
        $step->set_source_table('question_attempt_steps', array('questionattemptid' => backup::VAR_PARENTID), 'sequencenumber ASC');
        $variable->set_source_table('question_attempt_step_data', array('attemptstepid' => backup::VAR_PARENTID));

        // Annotate ids
        $qa->annotate_ids('question', 'questionid');
        $step->annotate_ids('user', 'userid');

        // Annotate files
        $fileareas = question_engine::get_all_response_file_areas();
        foreach ($fileareas as $filearea) {
            $step->annotate_files('question', $filearea, 'id');
        }
    }
}

/**
 * backup structure step in charge of calculating the categories to be
 * included in backup, based in the context being backuped (module/course)
 * and the already annotated questions present in backup_ids_temp
 */
class backup_calculate_question_categories extends backup_execution_step {

    protected function define_execution() {
        backup_question_dbops::calculate_question_categories($this->get_backupid(), $this->task->get_contextid());
    }
}

/**
 * backup structure step in charge of deleting all the questions annotated
 * in the backup_ids_temp table
 */
class backup_delete_temp_questions extends backup_execution_step {

    protected function define_execution() {
        backup_question_dbops::delete_temp_questions($this->get_backupid());
    }
}

/**
 * Abstract structure step, parent of all the block structure steps. Used to wrap the
 * block structure definition within the main <block ...> tag
 */
abstract class backup_block_structure_step extends backup_structure_step {

    protected function prepare_block_structure($blockstructure) {

        // Create the wrap element
        $block = new backup_nested_element('block', array('id', 'blockname', 'contextid'), null);

        // Build the tree
        $block->add_child($blockstructure);

        // Set the source
        $blockarr = array((object)array(
            'id'         => $this->task->get_blockid(),
            'blockname'  => $this->task->get_blockname(),
            'contextid'  => $this->task->get_contextid()));

        $block->set_source_array($blockarr);

        // Return the root element (block)
        return $block;
    }
}

/**
 * structure step that will generate the module.xml file for the activity,
 * accumulating various information about the activity, annotating groupings
 * and completion/avail conf
 */
class backup_module_structure_step extends backup_structure_step {

    protected function define_structure() {
        global $DB;

        // Define each element separated

        $module = new backup_nested_element('module', array('id', 'version'), array(
            'modulename', 'sectionid', 'sectionnumber', 'idnumber',
            'added', 'score', 'indent', 'visible',
            'visibleold', 'groupmode', 'groupingid', 'groupmembersonly',
            'completion', 'completiongradeitemnumber', 'completionview', 'completionexpected',
            'availablefrom', 'availableuntil', 'showavailability', 'showdescription'));

        $availinfo = new backup_nested_element('availability_info');
        $availability = new backup_nested_element('availability', array('id'), array(
            'sourcecmid', 'requiredcompletion', 'gradeitemid', 'grademin', 'grademax'));
        $availabilityfield = new backup_nested_element('availability_field', array('id'), array(
            'userfield', 'customfield', 'customfieldtype', 'operator', 'value'));

        // attach format plugin structure to $module element, only one allowed
        $this->add_plugin_structure('format', $module, false);

        // attach plagiarism plugin structure to $module element, there can be potentially
        // many plagiarism plugins storing information about this course
        $this->add_plugin_structure('plagiarism', $module, true);

        // attach local plugin structure to $module, multiple allowed
        $this->add_plugin_structure('local', $module, true);

        // Define the tree
        $module->add_child($availinfo);
        $availinfo->add_child($availability);
        $availinfo->add_child($availabilityfield);

        // Set the sources
        $concat = $DB->sql_concat("'mod_'", 'm.name');
        $module->set_source_sql("
            SELECT cm.*, cp.value AS version, m.name AS modulename, s.id AS sectionid, s.section AS sectionnumber
              FROM {course_modules} cm
              JOIN {modules} m ON m.id = cm.module
              JOIN {config_plugins} cp ON cp.plugin = $concat AND cp.name = 'version'
              JOIN {course_sections} s ON s.id = cm.section
             WHERE cm.id = ?", array(backup::VAR_MODID));

        $availability->set_source_table('course_modules_availability', array('coursemoduleid' => backup::VAR_MODID));
        $availabilityfield->set_source_sql('
            SELECT cmaf.*, uif.shortname AS customfield, uif.datatype AS customfieldtype
              FROM {course_modules_avail_fields} cmaf
         LEFT JOIN {user_info_field} uif ON uif.id = cmaf.customfieldid
             WHERE cmaf.coursemoduleid = ?', array(backup::VAR_MODID));

        // Define annotations
        $module->annotate_ids('grouping', 'groupingid');

        // Return the root element ($module)
        return $module;
    }
}

/**
 * structure step that will generate the section.xml file for the section
 * annotating files
 */
class backup_section_structure_step extends backup_structure_step {

    protected function define_structure() {

        // Define each element separated

        $section = new backup_nested_element('section', array('id'), array(
                'number', 'name', 'summary', 'summaryformat', 'sequence', 'visible',
                'availablefrom', 'availableuntil', 'showavailability', 'groupingid'));

        // attach format plugin structure to $section element, only one allowed
        $this->add_plugin_structure('format', $section, false);

        // attach local plugin structure to $section element, multiple allowed
        $this->add_plugin_structure('local', $section, true);

        // Add nested elements for _availability table
        $avail = new backup_nested_element('availability', array('id'), array(
                'sourcecmid', 'requiredcompletion', 'gradeitemid', 'grademin', 'grademax'));
        $availfield = new backup_nested_element('availability_field', array('id'), array(
            'userfield', 'operator', 'value', 'customfield', 'customfieldtype'));
        $section->add_child($avail);
        $section->add_child($availfield);

        // Add nested elements for course_format_options table
        $formatoptions = new backup_nested_element('course_format_options', array('id'), array(
            'format', 'name', 'value'));
        $section->add_child($formatoptions);

        // Define sources
        $section->set_source_table('course_sections', array('id' => backup::VAR_SECTIONID));
        $avail->set_source_table('course_sections_availability', array('coursesectionid' => backup::VAR_SECTIONID));
        $availfield->set_source_sql('
            SELECT csaf.*, uif.shortname AS customfield, uif.datatype AS customfieldtype
              FROM {course_sections_avail_fields} csaf
         LEFT JOIN {user_info_field} uif ON uif.id = csaf.customfieldid
             WHERE csaf.coursesectionid = ?', array(backup::VAR_SECTIONID));
        $formatoptions->set_source_sql('SELECT cfo.id, cfo.format, cfo.name, cfo.value
              FROM {course} c
              JOIN {course_format_options} cfo
              ON cfo.courseid = c.id AND cfo.format = c.format
              WHERE c.id = ? AND cfo.sectionid = ?',
                array(backup::VAR_COURSEID, backup::VAR_SECTIONID));

        // Aliases
        $section->set_source_alias('section', 'number');

        // Set annotations
        $section->annotate_ids('grouping', 'groupingid');
        $section->annotate_files('course', 'section', 'id');

        return $section;
    }
}

/**
 * structure step that will generate the course.xml file for the course, including
 * course category reference, tags, modules restriction information
 * and some annotations (files & groupings)
 */
class backup_course_structure_step extends backup_structure_step {

    protected function define_structure() {
        global $DB;

        // Define each element separated

        $course = new backup_nested_element('course', array('id', 'contextid'), array(
            'shortname', 'fullname', 'idnumber',
            'summary', 'summaryformat', 'format', 'showgrades',
            'newsitems', 'startdate',
            'marker', 'maxbytes', 'legacyfiles', 'showreports',
            'visible', 'groupmode', 'groupmodeforce',
            'defaultgroupingid', 'lang', 'theme',
            'timecreated', 'timemodified',
            'requested',
            'enablecompletion', 'completionstartonenrol', 'completionnotify'));

        $category = new backup_nested_element('category', array('id'), array(
            'name', 'description'));

        $tags = new backup_nested_element('tags');

        $tag = new backup_nested_element('tag', array('id'), array(
            'name', 'rawname'));

        // attach format plugin structure to $course element, only one allowed
        $this->add_plugin_structure('format', $course, false);

        // attach theme plugin structure to $course element; multiple themes can
        // save course data (in case of user theme, legacy theme, etc)
        $this->add_plugin_structure('theme', $course, true);

        // attach general report plugin structure to $course element; multiple
        // reports can save course data if required
        $this->add_plugin_structure('report', $course, true);

        // attach course report plugin structure to $course element; multiple
        // course reports can save course data if required
        $this->add_plugin_structure('coursereport', $course, true);

        // attach plagiarism plugin structure to $course element, there can be potentially
        // many plagiarism plugins storing information about this course
        $this->add_plugin_structure('plagiarism', $course, true);

        // attach local plugin structure to $course element; multiple local plugins
        // can save course data if required
        $this->add_plugin_structure('local', $course, true);

        // Build the tree

        $course->add_child($category);

        $course->add_child($tags);
        $tags->add_child($tag);

        // Set the sources

        $courserec = $DB->get_record('course', array('id' => $this->task->get_courseid()));
        $courserec->contextid = $this->task->get_contextid();

        $formatoptions = course_get_format($courserec)->get_format_options();
        $course->add_final_elements(array_keys($formatoptions));
        foreach ($formatoptions as $key => $value) {
            $courserec->$key = $value;
        }

        $course->set_source_array(array($courserec));

        $categoryrec = $DB->get_record('course_categories', array('id' => $courserec->category));

        $category->set_source_array(array($categoryrec));

        $tag->set_source_sql('SELECT t.id, t.name, t.rawname
                                FROM {tag} t
                                JOIN {tag_instance} ti ON ti.tagid = t.id
                               WHERE ti.itemtype = ?
                                 AND ti.itemid = ?', array(
                                     backup_helper::is_sqlparam('course'),
                                     backup::VAR_PARENTID));

        // Some annotations

        $course->annotate_ids('grouping', 'defaultgroupingid');

        $course->annotate_files('course', 'summary', null);
        $course->annotate_files('course', 'overviewfiles', null);
        $course->annotate_files('course', 'legacy', null);

        // Return root element ($course)

        return $course;
    }
}

/**
 * structure step that will generate the enrolments.xml file for the given course
 */
class backup_enrolments_structure_step extends backup_structure_step {

    protected function define_structure() {

        // To know if we are including users
        $users = $this->get_setting_value('users');

        // Define each element separated

        $enrolments = new backup_nested_element('enrolments');

        $enrols = new backup_nested_element('enrols');

        $enrol = new backup_nested_element('enrol', array('id'), array(
            'enrol', 'status', 'name', 'enrolperiod', 'enrolstartdate',
            'enrolenddate', 'expirynotify', 'expirytreshold', 'notifyall',
            'password', 'cost', 'currency', 'roleid',
            'customint1', 'customint2', 'customint3', 'customint4', 'customint5', 'customint6', 'customint7', 'customint8',
            'customchar1', 'customchar2', 'customchar3',
            'customdec1', 'customdec2',
            'customtext1', 'customtext2', 'customtext3', 'customtext4',
            'timecreated', 'timemodified'));

        $userenrolments = new backup_nested_element('user_enrolments');

        $enrolment = new backup_nested_element('enrolment', array('id'), array(
            'status', 'userid', 'timestart', 'timeend', 'modifierid',
            'timemodified'));

        // Build the tree
        $enrolments->add_child($enrols);
        $enrols->add_child($enrol);
        $enrol->add_child($userenrolments);
        $userenrolments->add_child($enrolment);

        // Define sources - the instances are restored using the same sortorder, we do not need to store it in xml and deal with it afterwards.
        $enrol->set_source_table('enrol', array('courseid' => backup::VAR_COURSEID), 'sortorder ASC');

        // User enrolments only added only if users included
        if ($users) {
            $enrolment->set_source_table('user_enrolments', array('enrolid' => backup::VAR_PARENTID));
            $enrolment->annotate_ids('user', 'userid');
        }

        $enrol->annotate_ids('role', 'roleid');

        //TODO: let plugins annotate custom fields too and add more children

        return $enrolments;
    }
}

/**
 * structure step that will generate the roles.xml file for the given context, observing
 * the role_assignments setting to know if that part needs to be included
 */
class backup_roles_structure_step extends backup_structure_step {

    protected function define_structure() {

        // To know if we are including role assignments
        $roleassignments = $this->get_setting_value('role_assignments');

        // Define each element separated

        $roles = new backup_nested_element('roles');

        $overrides = new backup_nested_element('role_overrides');

        $override = new backup_nested_element('override', array('id'), array(
            'roleid', 'capability', 'permission', 'timemodified',
            'modifierid'));

        $assignments = new backup_nested_element('role_assignments');

        $assignment = new backup_nested_element('assignment', array('id'), array(
            'roleid', 'userid', 'timemodified', 'modifierid', 'component', 'itemid',
            'sortorder'));

        // Build the tree
        $roles->add_child($overrides);
        $roles->add_child($assignments);

        $overrides->add_child($override);
        $assignments->add_child($assignment);

        // Define sources

        $override->set_source_table('role_capabilities', array('contextid' => backup::VAR_CONTEXTID));

        // Assignments only added if specified
        if ($roleassignments) {
            $assignment->set_source_table('role_assignments', array('contextid' => backup::VAR_CONTEXTID));
        }

        // Define id annotations
        $override->annotate_ids('role', 'roleid');

        $assignment->annotate_ids('role', 'roleid');

        $assignment->annotate_ids('user', 'userid');

        //TODO: how do we annotate the itemid? the meaning depends on the content of component table (skodak)

        return $roles;
    }
}

/**
 * structure step that will generate the roles.xml containing the
 * list of roles used along the whole backup process. Just raw
 * list of used roles from role table
 */
class backup_final_roles_structure_step extends backup_structure_step {

    protected function define_structure() {

        // Define elements

        $rolesdef = new backup_nested_element('roles_definition');

        $role = new backup_nested_element('role', array('id'), array(
            'name', 'shortname', 'nameincourse', 'description',
            'sortorder', 'archetype'));

        // Build the tree

        $rolesdef->add_child($role);

        // Define sources

        $role->set_source_sql("SELECT r.*, rn.name AS nameincourse
                                 FROM {role} r
                                 JOIN {backup_ids_temp} bi ON r.id = bi.itemid
                            LEFT JOIN {role_names} rn ON r.id = rn.roleid AND rn.contextid = ?
                                WHERE bi.backupid = ?
                                  AND bi.itemname = 'rolefinal'", array(backup::VAR_CONTEXTID, backup::VAR_BACKUPID));

        // Return main element (rolesdef)
        return $rolesdef;
    }
}

/**
 * structure step that will generate the scales.xml containing the
 * list of scales used along the whole backup process.
 */
class backup_final_scales_structure_step extends backup_structure_step {

    protected function define_structure() {

        // Define elements

        $scalesdef = new backup_nested_element('scales_definition');

        $scale = new backup_nested_element('scale', array('id'), array(
            'courseid', 'userid', 'name', 'scale',
            'description', 'descriptionformat', 'timemodified'));

        // Build the tree

        $scalesdef->add_child($scale);

        // Define sources

        $scale->set_source_sql("SELECT s.*
                                  FROM {scale} s
                                  JOIN {backup_ids_temp} bi ON s.id = bi.itemid
                                 WHERE bi.backupid = ?
                                   AND bi.itemname = 'scalefinal'", array(backup::VAR_BACKUPID));

        // Annotate scale files (they store files in system context, so pass it instead of default one)
        $scale->annotate_files('grade', 'scale', 'id', context_system::instance()->id);

        // Return main element (scalesdef)
        return $scalesdef;
    }
}

/**
 * structure step that will generate the outcomes.xml containing the
 * list of outcomes used along the whole backup process.
 */
class backup_final_outcomes_structure_step extends backup_structure_step {

    protected function define_structure() {

        // Define elements

        $outcomesdef = new backup_nested_element('outcomes_definition');

        $outcome = new backup_nested_element('outcome', array('id'), array(
            'courseid', 'userid', 'shortname', 'fullname',
            'scaleid', 'description', 'descriptionformat', 'timecreated',
            'timemodified','usermodified'));

        // Build the tree

        $outcomesdef->add_child($outcome);

        // Define sources

        $outcome->set_source_sql("SELECT o.*
                                    FROM {grade_outcomes} o
                                    JOIN {backup_ids_temp} bi ON o.id = bi.itemid
                                   WHERE bi.backupid = ?
                                     AND bi.itemname = 'outcomefinal'", array(backup::VAR_BACKUPID));

        // Annotate outcome files (they store files in system context, so pass it instead of default one)
        $outcome->annotate_files('grade', 'outcome', 'id', context_system::instance()->id);

        // Return main element (outcomesdef)
        return $outcomesdef;
    }
}

/**
 * structure step in charge of constructing the filters.xml file for all the filters found
 * in activity
 */
class backup_filters_structure_step extends backup_structure_step {

    protected function define_structure() {

        // Define each element separated

        $filters = new backup_nested_element('filters');

        $actives = new backup_nested_element('filter_actives');

        $active = new backup_nested_element('filter_active', null, array('filter', 'active'));

        $configs = new backup_nested_element('filter_configs');

        $config = new backup_nested_element('filter_config', null, array('filter', 'name', 'value'));

        // Build the tree

        $filters->add_child($actives);
        $filters->add_child($configs);

        $actives->add_child($active);
        $configs->add_child($config);

        // Define sources

        list($activearr, $configarr) = filter_get_all_local_settings($this->task->get_contextid());

        $active->set_source_array($activearr);
        $config->set_source_array($configarr);

        // Return the root element (filters)
        return $filters;
    }
}

/**
 * structure step in charge of constructing the comments.xml file for all the comments found
 * in a given context
 */
class backup_comments_structure_step extends backup_structure_step {

    protected function define_structure() {

        // Define each element separated

        $comments = new backup_nested_element('comments');

        $comment = new backup_nested_element('comment', array('id'), array(
            'commentarea', 'itemid', 'content', 'format',
            'userid', 'timecreated'));

        // Build the tree

        $comments->add_child($comment);

        // Define sources

        $comment->set_source_table('comments', array('contextid' => backup::VAR_CONTEXTID));

        // Define id annotations

        $comment->annotate_ids('user', 'userid');

        // Return the root element (comments)
        return $comments;
    }
}

/**
 * structure step in charge of constructing the badges.xml file for all the badges found
 * in a given context
 */
class backup_badges_structure_step extends backup_structure_step {

    protected function execute_condition() {
        // Check that all activities have been included.
        if ($this->task->is_excluding_activities()) {
            return false;
        }
        return true;
    }

    protected function define_structure() {

        // Define each element separated.

        $badges = new backup_nested_element('badges');
        $badge = new backup_nested_element('badge', array('id'), array('name', 'description',
                'timecreated', 'timemodified', 'usercreated', 'usermodified', 'issuername',
                'issuerurl', 'issuercontact', 'expiredate', 'expireperiod', 'type', 'courseid',
                'message', 'messagesubject', 'attachment', 'notification', 'status', 'nextcron'));

        $criteria = new backup_nested_element('criteria');
        $criterion = new backup_nested_element('criterion', array('id'), array('badgeid',
                'criteriatype', 'method'));

        $parameters = new backup_nested_element('parameters');
        $parameter = new backup_nested_element('parameter', array('id'), array('critid',
                'name', 'value', 'criteriatype'));

        $manual_awards = new backup_nested_element('manual_awards');
        $manual_award = new backup_nested_element('manual_award', array('id'), array('badgeid',
                'recipientid', 'issuerid', 'issuerrole', 'datemet'));

        // Build the tree.

        $badges->add_child($badge);
        $badge->add_child($criteria);
        $criteria->add_child($criterion);
        $criterion->add_child($parameters);
        $parameters->add_child($parameter);
        $badge->add_child($manual_awards);
        $manual_awards->add_child($manual_award);

        // Define sources.

        $badge->set_source_table('badge', array('courseid' => backup::VAR_COURSEID));
        $criterion->set_source_table('badge_criteria', array('badgeid' => backup::VAR_PARENTID));

        $parametersql = 'SELECT cp.*, c.criteriatype
                             FROM {badge_criteria_param} cp JOIN {badge_criteria} c
                                 ON cp.critid = c.id
                             WHERE critid = :critid';
        $parameterparams = array('critid' => backup::VAR_PARENTID);
        $parameter->set_source_sql($parametersql, $parameterparams);

        $manual_award->set_source_table('badge_manual_award', array('badgeid' => backup::VAR_PARENTID));

        // Define id annotations.

        $badge->annotate_ids('user', 'usercreated');
        $badge->annotate_ids('user', 'usermodified');
        $criterion->annotate_ids('badge', 'badgeid');
        $parameter->annotate_ids('criterion', 'critid');
        $badge->annotate_files('badges', 'badgeimage', 'id');
        $manual_award->annotate_ids('badge', 'badgeid');
        $manual_award->annotate_ids('user', 'recipientid');
        $manual_award->annotate_ids('user', 'issuerid');
        $manual_award->annotate_ids('role', 'issuerrole');

        // Return the root element ($badges).
        return $badges;
    }
}

/**
 * structure step in charge of constructing the calender.xml file for all the events found
 * in a given context
 */
class backup_calendarevents_structure_step extends backup_structure_step {

    protected function define_structure() {

        // Define each element separated

        $events = new backup_nested_element('events');

        $event = new backup_nested_element('event', array('id'), array(
                'name', 'description', 'format', 'courseid', 'groupid', 'userid',
                'repeatid', 'modulename', 'instance', 'eventtype', 'timestart',
                'timeduration', 'visible', 'uuid', 'sequence', 'timemodified'));

        // Build the tree
        $events->add_child($event);

        // Define sources
        if ($this->name == 'course_calendar') {
            $calendar_items_sql ="SELECT * FROM {event}
                        WHERE courseid = :courseid
                        AND (eventtype = 'course' OR eventtype = 'group')";
            $calendar_items_params = array('courseid'=>backup::VAR_COURSEID);
            $event->set_source_sql($calendar_items_sql, $calendar_items_params);
        } else {
            $event->set_source_table('event', array('courseid' => backup::VAR_COURSEID, 'instance' => backup::VAR_ACTIVITYID, 'modulename' => backup::VAR_MODNAME));
        }

        // Define id annotations

        $event->annotate_ids('user', 'userid');
        $event->annotate_ids('group', 'groupid');
        $event->annotate_files('calendar', 'event_description', 'id');

        // Return the root element (events)
        return $events;
    }
}

/**
 * structure step in charge of constructing the gradebook.xml file for all the gradebook config in the course
 * NOTE: the backup of the grade items themselves is handled by backup_activity_grades_structure_step
 */
class backup_gradebook_structure_step extends backup_structure_step {

    /**
     * We need to decide conditionally, based on dynamic information
     * about the execution of this step. Only will be executed if all
     * the module gradeitems have been already included in backup
     */
    protected function execute_condition() {
        return backup_plan_dbops::require_gradebook_backup($this->get_courseid(), $this->get_backupid());
    }

    protected function define_structure() {

        // are we including user info?
        $userinfo = $this->get_setting_value('users');

        $gradebook = new backup_nested_element('gradebook');

        //grade_letters are done in backup_activity_grades_structure_step()

        //calculated grade items
        $grade_items = new backup_nested_element('grade_items');
        $grade_item = new backup_nested_element('grade_item', array('id'), array(
            'categoryid', 'itemname', 'itemtype', 'itemmodule',
            'iteminstance', 'itemnumber', 'iteminfo', 'idnumber',
            'calculation', 'gradetype', 'grademax', 'grademin',
            'scaleid', 'outcomeid', 'gradepass', 'multfactor',
            'plusfactor', 'aggregationcoef', 'sortorder', 'display',
            'decimals', 'hidden', 'locked', 'locktime',
            'needsupdate', 'timecreated', 'timemodified'));

        $grade_grades = new backup_nested_element('grade_grades');
        $grade_grade = new backup_nested_element('grade_grade', array('id'), array(
            'userid', 'rawgrade', 'rawgrademax', 'rawgrademin',
            'rawscaleid', 'usermodified', 'finalgrade', 'hidden',
            'locked', 'locktime', 'exported', 'overridden',
            'excluded', 'feedback', 'feedbackformat', 'information',
            'informationformat', 'timecreated', 'timemodified'));

        //grade_categories
        $grade_categories = new backup_nested_element('grade_categories');
        $grade_category   = new backup_nested_element('grade_category', array('id'), array(
                //'courseid',
                'parent', 'depth', 'path', 'fullname', 'aggregation', 'keephigh',
                'droplow', 'aggregateonlygraded', 'aggregateoutcomes', 'aggregatesubcats',
                'timecreated', 'timemodified', 'hidden'));

        $letters = new backup_nested_element('grade_letters');
        $letter = new backup_nested_element('grade_letter', 'id', array(
            'lowerboundary', 'letter'));

        $grade_settings = new backup_nested_element('grade_settings');
        $grade_setting = new backup_nested_element('grade_setting', 'id', array(
            'name', 'value'));

        // Build the tree
        $gradebook->add_child($grade_categories);
        $grade_categories->add_child($grade_category);

        $gradebook->add_child($grade_items);
        $grade_items->add_child($grade_item);
        $grade_item->add_child($grade_grades);
        $grade_grades->add_child($grade_grade);

        $gradebook->add_child($letters);
        $letters->add_child($letter);

        $gradebook->add_child($grade_settings);
        $grade_settings->add_child($grade_setting);

        // Define sources

        //Include manual, category and the course grade item
        $grade_items_sql ="SELECT * FROM {grade_items}
                           WHERE courseid = :courseid
                           AND (itemtype='manual' OR itemtype='course' OR itemtype='category')";
        $grade_items_params = array('courseid'=>backup::VAR_COURSEID);
        $grade_item->set_source_sql($grade_items_sql, $grade_items_params);

        if ($userinfo) {
            $grade_grade->set_source_table('grade_grades', array('itemid' => backup::VAR_PARENTID));
        }

        $grade_category_sql = "SELECT gc.*, gi.sortorder
                               FROM {grade_categories} gc
                               JOIN {grade_items} gi ON (gi.iteminstance = gc.id)
                               WHERE gc.courseid = :courseid
                               AND (gi.itemtype='course' OR gi.itemtype='category')
                               ORDER BY gc.parent ASC";//need parent categories before their children
        $grade_category_params = array('courseid'=>backup::VAR_COURSEID);
        $grade_category->set_source_sql($grade_category_sql, $grade_category_params);

        $letter->set_source_table('grade_letters', array('contextid' => backup::VAR_CONTEXTID));

        $grade_setting->set_source_table('grade_settings', array('courseid' => backup::VAR_COURSEID));

        // Annotations (both as final as far as they are going to be exported in next steps)
        $grade_item->annotate_ids('scalefinal', 'scaleid'); // Straight as scalefinal because it's > 0
        $grade_item->annotate_ids('outcomefinal', 'outcomeid');

        //just in case there are any users not already annotated by the activities
        $grade_grade->annotate_ids('userfinal', 'userid');

        // Return the root element
        return $gradebook;
    }
}

/**
 * structure step in charge if constructing the completion.xml file for all the users completion
 * information in a given activity
 */
class backup_userscompletion_structure_step extends backup_structure_step {

    protected function define_structure() {

        // Define each element separated

        $completions = new backup_nested_element('completions');

        $completion = new backup_nested_element('completion', array('id'), array(
            'userid', 'completionstate', 'viewed', 'timemodified'));

        // Build the tree

        $completions->add_child($completion);

        // Define sources

        $completion->set_source_table('course_modules_completion', array('coursemoduleid' => backup::VAR_MODID));

        // Define id annotations

        $completion->annotate_ids('user', 'userid');

        // Return the root element (completions)
        return $completions;
    }
}

/**
 * structure step in charge of constructing the main groups.xml file for all the groups and
 * groupings information already annotated
 */
class backup_groups_structure_step extends backup_structure_step {

    protected function define_structure() {

        // To know if we are including users
        $users = $this->get_setting_value('users');

        // Define each element separated

        $groups = new backup_nested_element('groups');

        $group = new backup_nested_element('group', array('id'), array(
            'name', 'idnumber', 'description', 'descriptionformat', 'enrolmentkey',
            'picture', 'hidepicture', 'timecreated', 'timemodified'));

        $members = new backup_nested_element('group_members');

        $member = new backup_nested_element('group_member', array('id'), array(
            'userid', 'timeadded', 'component', 'itemid'));

        $groupings = new backup_nested_element('groupings');

        $grouping = new backup_nested_element('grouping', 'id', array(
            'name', 'idnumber', 'description', 'descriptionformat', 'configdata',
            'timecreated', 'timemodified'));

        $groupinggroups = new backup_nested_element('grouping_groups');

        $groupinggroup = new backup_nested_element('grouping_group', array('id'), array(
            'groupid', 'timeadded'));

        // Build the tree

        $groups->add_child($group);
        $groups->add_child($groupings);

        $group->add_child($members);
        $members->add_child($member);

        $groupings->add_child($grouping);
        $grouping->add_child($groupinggroups);
        $groupinggroups->add_child($groupinggroup);

        // Define sources

        $group->set_source_sql("
            SELECT g.*
              FROM {groups} g
              JOIN {backup_ids_temp} bi ON g.id = bi.itemid
             WHERE bi.backupid = ?
               AND bi.itemname = 'groupfinal'", array(backup::VAR_BACKUPID));

        // This only happens if we are including users
        if ($users) {
            $member->set_source_table('groups_members', array('groupid' => backup::VAR_PARENTID));
        }

        $grouping->set_source_sql("
            SELECT g.*
              FROM {groupings} g
              JOIN {backup_ids_temp} bi ON g.id = bi.itemid
             WHERE bi.backupid = ?
               AND bi.itemname = 'groupingfinal'", array(backup::VAR_BACKUPID));

        $groupinggroup->set_source_table('groupings_groups', array('groupingid' => backup::VAR_PARENTID));

        // Define id annotations (as final)

        $member->annotate_ids('userfinal', 'userid');

        // Define file annotations

        $group->annotate_files('group', 'description', 'id');
        $group->annotate_files('group', 'icon', 'id');
        $grouping->annotate_files('grouping', 'description', 'id');

        // Return the root element (groups)
        return $groups;
    }
}

/**
 * structure step in charge of constructing the main users.xml file for all the users already
 * annotated (final). Includes custom profile fields, preferences, tags, role assignments and
 * overrides.
 */
class backup_users_structure_step extends backup_structure_step {

    protected function define_structure() {
        global $CFG;

        // To know if we are anonymizing users
        $anonymize = $this->get_setting_value('anonymize');
        // To know if we are including role assignments
        $roleassignments = $this->get_setting_value('role_assignments');

        // Define each element separated

        $users = new backup_nested_element('users');

        // Create the array of user fields by hand, as far as we have various bits to control
        // anonymize option, password backup, mnethostid...

        // First, the fields not needing anonymization nor special handling
        $normalfields = array(
            'confirmed', 'policyagreed', 'deleted',
            'lang', 'theme', 'timezone', 'firstaccess',
            'lastaccess', 'lastlogin', 'currentlogin',
            'mailformat', 'maildigest', 'maildisplay',
            'autosubscribe', 'trackforums', 'timecreated',
            'timemodified', 'trustbitmask');

        // Then, the fields potentially needing anonymization
        $anonfields = array(
            'username', 'idnumber', 'email', 'icq', 'skype',
            'yahoo', 'aim', 'msn', 'phone1',
            'phone2', 'institution', 'department', 'address',
            'city', 'country', 'lastip', 'picture',
            'url', 'description', 'descriptionformat', 'imagealt', 'auth');
        $anonfields = array_merge($anonfields, get_all_user_name_fields());

        // Add anonymized fields to $userfields with custom final element
        foreach ($anonfields as $field) {
            if ($anonymize) {
                $userfields[] = new anonymizer_final_element($field);
            } else {
                $userfields[] = $field; // No anonymization, normally added
            }
        }

        // mnethosturl requires special handling (custom final element)
        $userfields[] = new mnethosturl_final_element('mnethosturl');

        // password added conditionally
        if (!empty($CFG->includeuserpasswordsinbackup)) {
            $userfields[] = 'password';
        }

        // Merge all the fields
        $userfields = array_merge($userfields, $normalfields);

        $user = new backup_nested_element('user', array('id', 'contextid'), $userfields);

        $customfields = new backup_nested_element('custom_fields');

        $customfield = new backup_nested_element('custom_field', array('id'), array(
            'field_name', 'field_type', 'field_data'));

        $tags = new backup_nested_element('tags');

        $tag = new backup_nested_element('tag', array('id'), array(
            'name', 'rawname'));

        $preferences = new backup_nested_element('preferences');

        $preference = new backup_nested_element('preference', array('id'), array(
            'name', 'value'));

        $roles = new backup_nested_element('roles');

        $overrides = new backup_nested_element('role_overrides');

        $override = new backup_nested_element('override', array('id'), array(
            'roleid', 'capability', 'permission', 'timemodified',
            'modifierid'));

        $assignments = new backup_nested_element('role_assignments');

        $assignment = new backup_nested_element('assignment', array('id'), array(
            'roleid', 'userid', 'timemodified', 'modifierid', 'component', //TODO: MDL-22793 add itemid here
            'sortorder'));

        // Build the tree

        $users->add_child($user);

        $user->add_child($customfields);
        $customfields->add_child($customfield);

        $user->add_child($tags);
        $tags->add_child($tag);

        $user->add_child($preferences);
        $preferences->add_child($preference);

        $user->add_child($roles);

        $roles->add_child($overrides);
        $roles->add_child($assignments);

        $overrides->add_child($override);
        $assignments->add_child($assignment);

        // Define sources

        $user->set_source_sql('SELECT u.*, c.id AS contextid, m.wwwroot AS mnethosturl
                                 FROM {user} u
                                 JOIN {backup_ids_temp} bi ON bi.itemid = u.id
                            LEFT JOIN {context} c ON c.instanceid = u.id AND c.contextlevel = ' . CONTEXT_USER . '
                            LEFT JOIN {mnet_host} m ON m.id = u.mnethostid
                                WHERE bi.backupid = ?
                                  AND bi.itemname = ?', array(
                                      backup_helper::is_sqlparam($this->get_backupid()),
                                      backup_helper::is_sqlparam('userfinal')));

        // All the rest on information is only added if we arent
        // in an anonymized backup
        if (!$anonymize) {
            $customfield->set_source_sql('SELECT f.id, f.shortname, f.datatype, d.data
                                            FROM {user_info_field} f
                                            JOIN {user_info_data} d ON d.fieldid = f.id
                                           WHERE d.userid = ?', array(backup::VAR_PARENTID));

            $customfield->set_source_alias('shortname', 'field_name');
            $customfield->set_source_alias('datatype',  'field_type');
            $customfield->set_source_alias('data',      'field_data');

            $tag->set_source_sql('SELECT t.id, t.name, t.rawname
                                    FROM {tag} t
                                    JOIN {tag_instance} ti ON ti.tagid = t.id
                                   WHERE ti.itemtype = ?
                                     AND ti.itemid = ?', array(
                                         backup_helper::is_sqlparam('user'),
                                         backup::VAR_PARENTID));

            $preference->set_source_table('user_preferences', array('userid' => backup::VAR_PARENTID));

            $override->set_source_table('role_capabilities', array('contextid' => '/users/user/contextid'));

            // Assignments only added if specified
            if ($roleassignments) {
                $assignment->set_source_table('role_assignments', array('contextid' => '/users/user/contextid'));
            }

            // Define id annotations (as final)
            $override->annotate_ids('rolefinal', 'roleid');
        }

        // Return root element (users)
        return $users;
    }
}

/**
 * structure step in charge of constructing the block.xml file for one
 * given block (instance and positions). If the block has custom DB structure
 * that will go to a separate file (different step defined in block class)
 */
class backup_block_instance_structure_step extends backup_structure_step {

    protected function define_structure() {
        global $DB;

        // Define each element separated

        $block = new backup_nested_element('block', array('id', 'contextid', 'version'), array(
            'blockname', 'parentcontextid', 'showinsubcontexts', 'pagetypepattern',
            'subpagepattern', 'defaultregion', 'defaultweight', 'configdata'));

        $positions = new backup_nested_element('block_positions');

        $position = new backup_nested_element('block_position', array('id'), array(
            'contextid', 'pagetype', 'subpage', 'visible',
            'region', 'weight'));

        // Build the tree

        $block->add_child($positions);
        $positions->add_child($position);

        // Transform configdata information if needed (process links and friends)
        $blockrec = $DB->get_record('block_instances', array('id' => $this->task->get_blockid()));
        if ($attrstotransform = $this->task->get_configdata_encoded_attributes()) {
            $configdata = (array)unserialize(base64_decode($blockrec->configdata));
            foreach ($configdata as $attribute => $value) {
                if (in_array($attribute, $attrstotransform)) {
                    $configdata[$attribute] = $this->contenttransformer->process($value);
                }
            }
            $blockrec->configdata = base64_encode(serialize((object)$configdata));
        }
        $blockrec->contextid = $this->task->get_contextid();
        // Get the version of the block
        $blockrec->version = get_config('block_'.$this->task->get_blockname(), 'version');

        // Define sources

        $block->set_source_array(array($blockrec));

        $position->set_source_table('block_positions', array('blockinstanceid' => backup::VAR_PARENTID));

        // File anotations (for fileareas specified on each block)
        foreach ($this->task->get_fileareas() as $filearea) {
            $block->annotate_files('block_' . $this->task->get_blockname(), $filearea, null);
        }

        // Return the root element (block)
        return $block;
    }
}

/**
 * structure step in charge of constructing the logs.xml file for all the log records found
 * in course. Note that we are sending to backup ALL the log records having cmid = 0. That
 * includes some records that won't be restoreable (like 'upload', 'calendar'...) but we do
 * that just in case they become restored some day in the future
 */
class backup_course_logs_structure_step extends backup_structure_step {

    protected function define_structure() {

        // Define each element separated

        $logs = new backup_nested_element('logs');

        $log = new backup_nested_element('log', array('id'), array(
            'time', 'userid', 'ip', 'module',
            'action', 'url', 'info'));

        // Build the tree

        $logs->add_child($log);

        // Define sources (all the records belonging to the course, having cmid = 0)

        $log->set_source_table('log', array('course' => backup::VAR_COURSEID, 'cmid' => backup_helper::is_sqlparam(0)));

        // Annotations
        // NOTE: We don't annotate users from logs as far as they MUST be
        //       always annotated by the course (enrol, ras... whatever)

        // Return the root element (logs)

        return $logs;
    }
}

/**
 * structure step in charge of constructing the logs.xml file for all the log records found
 * in activity
 */
class backup_activity_logs_structure_step extends backup_structure_step {

    protected function define_structure() {

        // Define each element separated

        $logs = new backup_nested_element('logs');

        $log = new backup_nested_element('log', array('id'), array(
            'time', 'userid', 'ip', 'module',
            'action', 'url', 'info'));

        // Build the tree

        $logs->add_child($log);

        // Define sources

        $log->set_source_table('log', array('cmid' => backup::VAR_MODID));

        // Annotations
        // NOTE: We don't annotate users from logs as far as they MUST be
        //       always annotated by the activity (true participants).

        // Return the root element (logs)

        return $logs;
    }
}

/**
 * structure in charge of constructing the inforef.xml file for all the items we want
 * to have referenced there (users, roles, files...)
 */
class backup_inforef_structure_step extends backup_structure_step {

    protected function define_structure() {

        // Items we want to include in the inforef file.
        $items = backup_helper::get_inforef_itemnames();

        // Build the tree

        $inforef = new backup_nested_element('inforef');

        // For each item, conditionally, if there are already records, build element
        foreach ($items as $itemname) {
            if (backup_structure_dbops::annotations_exist($this->get_backupid(), $itemname)) {
                $elementroot = new backup_nested_element($itemname . 'ref');
                $element = new backup_nested_element($itemname, array(), array('id'));
                $inforef->add_child($elementroot);
                $elementroot->add_child($element);
                $element->set_source_sql("
                    SELECT itemid AS id
                     FROM {backup_ids_temp}
                    WHERE backupid = ?
                      AND itemname = ?",
                   array(backup::VAR_BACKUPID, backup_helper::is_sqlparam($itemname)));
            }
        }

        // We don't annotate anything there, but rely in the next step
        // (move_inforef_annotations_to_final) that will change all the
        // already saved 'inforref' entries to their 'final' annotations.
        return $inforef;
    }
}

/**
 * This step will get all the annotations already processed to inforef.xml file and
 * transform them into 'final' annotations.
 */
class move_inforef_annotations_to_final extends backup_execution_step {

    protected function define_execution() {

        // Items we want to include in the inforef file
        $items = backup_helper::get_inforef_itemnames();
        $progress = $this->task->get_progress();
        $progress->start_progress($this->get_name(), count($items));
        $done = 1;
        foreach ($items as $itemname) {
            // Delegate to dbops
            backup_structure_dbops::move_annotations_to_final($this->get_backupid(),
                    $itemname, $progress);
            $progress->progress($done++);
        }
        $progress->end_progress();
    }
}

/**
 * structure in charge of constructing the files.xml file with all the
 * annotated (final) files along the process. At, the same time, and
 * using one specialised nested_element, will copy them form moodle storage
 * to backup storage
 */
class backup_final_files_structure_step extends backup_structure_step {

    protected function define_structure() {

        // Define elements

        $files = new backup_nested_element('files');

        $file = new file_nested_element('file', array('id'), array(
            'contenthash', 'contextid', 'component', 'filearea', 'itemid',
            'filepath', 'filename', 'userid', 'filesize',
            'mimetype', 'status', 'timecreated', 'timemodified',
            'source', 'author', 'license', 'sortorder',
            'repositorytype', 'repositoryid', 'reference'));

        // Build the tree

        $files->add_child($file);

        // Define sources

        $file->set_source_sql("SELECT f.*, r.type AS repositorytype, fr.repositoryid, fr.reference
                                 FROM {files} f
                                      LEFT JOIN {files_reference} fr ON fr.id = f.referencefileid
                                      LEFT JOIN {repository_instances} ri ON ri.id = fr.repositoryid
                                      LEFT JOIN {repository} r ON r.id = ri.typeid
                                      JOIN {backup_ids_temp} bi ON f.id = bi.itemid
                                WHERE bi.backupid = ?
                                  AND bi.itemname = 'filefinal'", array(backup::VAR_BACKUPID));

        return $files;
    }
}

/**
 * Structure step in charge of creating the main moodle_backup.xml file
 * where all the information related to the backup, settings, license and
 * other information needed on restore is added*/
class backup_main_structure_step extends backup_structure_step {

    protected function define_structure() {

        global $CFG;

        $info = array();

        $info['name'] = $this->get_setting_value('filename');
        $info['moodle_version'] = $CFG->version;
        $info['moodle_release'] = $CFG->release;
        $info['backup_version'] = $CFG->backup_version;
        $info['backup_release'] = $CFG->backup_release;
        $info['backup_date']    = time();
        $info['backup_uniqueid']= $this->get_backupid();
        $info['mnet_remoteusers']=backup_controller_dbops::backup_includes_mnet_remote_users($this->get_backupid());
        $info['include_files'] = backup_controller_dbops::backup_includes_files($this->get_backupid());
        $info['include_file_references_to_external_content'] =
                backup_controller_dbops::backup_includes_file_references($this->get_backupid());
        $info['original_wwwroot']=$CFG->wwwroot;
        $info['original_site_identifier_hash'] = md5(get_site_identifier());
        $info['original_course_id'] = $this->get_courseid();
        $originalcourseinfo = backup_controller_dbops::backup_get_original_course_info($this->get_courseid());
        $info['original_course_fullname']  = $originalcourseinfo->fullname;
        $info['original_course_shortname'] = $originalcourseinfo->shortname;
        $info['original_course_startdate'] = $originalcourseinfo->startdate;
        $info['original_course_contextid'] = context_course::instance($this->get_courseid())->id;
        $info['original_system_contextid'] = context_system::instance()->id;

        // Get more information from controller
        list($dinfo, $cinfo, $sinfo) = backup_controller_dbops::get_moodle_backup_information(
                $this->get_backupid(), $this->get_task()->get_progress());

        // Define elements

        $moodle_backup = new backup_nested_element('moodle_backup');

        $information = new backup_nested_element('information', null, array(
            'name', 'moodle_version', 'moodle_release', 'backup_version',
            'backup_release', 'backup_date', 'mnet_remoteusers', 'include_files', 'include_file_references_to_external_content', 'original_wwwroot',
            'original_site_identifier_hash', 'original_course_id',
            'original_course_fullname', 'original_course_shortname', 'original_course_startdate',
            'original_course_contextid', 'original_system_contextid'));

        $details = new backup_nested_element('details');

        $detail = new backup_nested_element('detail', array('backup_id'), array(
            'type', 'format', 'interactive', 'mode',
            'execution', 'executiontime'));

        $contents = new backup_nested_element('contents');

        $activities = new backup_nested_element('activities');

        $activity = new backup_nested_element('activity', null, array(
            'moduleid', 'sectionid', 'modulename', 'title',
            'directory'));

        $sections = new backup_nested_element('sections');

        $section = new backup_nested_element('section', null, array(
            'sectionid', 'title', 'directory'));

        $course = new backup_nested_element('course', null, array(
            'courseid', 'title', 'directory'));

        $settings = new backup_nested_element('settings');

        $setting = new backup_nested_element('setting', null, array(
            'level', 'section', 'activity', 'name', 'value'));

        // Build the tree

        $moodle_backup->add_child($information);

        $information->add_child($details);
        $details->add_child($detail);

        $information->add_child($contents);
        if (!empty($cinfo['activities'])) {
            $contents->add_child($activities);
            $activities->add_child($activity);
        }
        if (!empty($cinfo['sections'])) {
            $contents->add_child($sections);
            $sections->add_child($section);
        }
        if (!empty($cinfo['course'])) {
            $contents->add_child($course);
        }

        $information->add_child($settings);
        $settings->add_child($setting);

        // Set the sources

        $information->set_source_array(array((object)$info));

        $detail->set_source_array($dinfo);

        $activity->set_source_array($cinfo['activities']);

        $section->set_source_array($cinfo['sections']);

        $course->set_source_array($cinfo['course']);

        $setting->set_source_array($sinfo);

        // Prepare some information to be sent to main moodle_backup.xml file
        return $moodle_backup;
    }

}

/**
 * Execution step that will generate the final zip (.mbz) file with all the contents
 */
class backup_zip_contents extends backup_execution_step implements file_progress {
    /**
     * @var bool True if we have started tracking progress
     */
    protected $startedprogress;

    protected function define_execution() {

        // Get basepath
        $basepath = $this->get_basepath();

        // Get the list of files in directory
        $filestemp = get_directory_list($basepath, '', false, true, true);
        $files = array();
        foreach ($filestemp as $file) { // Add zip paths and fs paths to all them
            $files[$file] = $basepath . '/' . $file;
        }

        // Add the log file if exists
        $logfilepath = $basepath . '.log';
        if (file_exists($logfilepath)) {
             $files['moodle_backup.log'] = $logfilepath;
        }

        // Calculate the zip fullpath (in OS temp area it's always backup.mbz)
        $zipfile = $basepath . '/backup.mbz';

        // Get the zip packer
        $zippacker = get_file_packer('application/vnd.moodle.backup');

        // Zip files
        $result = $zippacker->archive_to_pathname($files, $zipfile, true, $this);

        // Something went wrong.
        if ($result === false) {
            @unlink($zipfile);
            throw new backup_step_exception('error_zip_packing', '', 'An error was encountered while trying to generate backup zip');
        }
        // Read to make sure it is a valid backup. Refer MDL-37877 . Delete it, if found not to be valid.
        try {
            backup_general_helper::get_backup_information_from_mbz($zipfile);
        } catch (backup_helper_exception $e) {
            @unlink($zipfile);
            throw new backup_step_exception('error_zip_packing', '', $e->debuginfo);
        }

            // If any progress happened, end it.
        if ($this->startedprogress) {
            $this->task->get_progress()->end_progress();
        }
    }

    /**
     * Implementation for file_progress interface to display unzip progress.
     *
     * @param int $progress Current progress
     * @param int $max Max value
     */
    public function progress($progress = file_progress::INDETERMINATE, $max = file_progress::INDETERMINATE) {
        $reporter = $this->task->get_progress();

        // Start tracking progress if necessary.
        if (!$this->startedprogress) {
            $reporter->start_progress('extract_file_to_dir', ($max == file_progress::INDETERMINATE)
                    ? core_backup_progress::INDETERMINATE : $max);
            $this->startedprogress = true;
        }

        // Pass progress through to whatever handles it.
        $reporter->progress(($progress == file_progress::INDETERMINATE)
                ? core_backup_progress::INDETERMINATE : $progress);
     }
}

/**
 * This step will send the generated backup file to its final destination
 */
class backup_store_backup_file extends backup_execution_step {

    protected function define_execution() {

        // Get basepath
        $basepath = $this->get_basepath();

        // Calculate the zip fullpath (in OS temp area it's always backup.mbz)
        $zipfile = $basepath . '/backup.mbz';

        $has_file_references = backup_controller_dbops::backup_includes_file_references($this->get_backupid());
        // Perform storage and return it (TODO: shouldn't be array but proper result object)
        return array(
            'backup_destination' => backup_helper::store_backup_file($this->get_backupid(), $zipfile,
                    $this->task->get_progress()),
            'include_file_references_to_external_content' => $has_file_references
        );
    }
}

/**
 * This step will search for all the activity (not calculations, categories nor aggregations) grade items
 * and put them to the backup_ids tables, to be used later as base to backup them
 */
class backup_activity_grade_items_to_ids extends backup_execution_step {

    protected function define_execution() {

        // Fetch all activity grade items
        if ($items = grade_item::fetch_all(array(
                         'itemtype' => 'mod', 'itemmodule' => $this->task->get_modulename(),
                         'iteminstance' => $this->task->get_activityid(), 'courseid' => $this->task->get_courseid()))) {
            // Annotate them in backup_ids
            foreach ($items as $item) {
                backup_structure_dbops::insert_backup_ids_record($this->get_backupid(), 'grade_item', $item->id);
            }
        }
    }
}

/**
 * This step will annotate all the groups and groupings belonging to the course
 */
class backup_annotate_course_groups_and_groupings extends backup_execution_step {

    protected function define_execution() {
        global $DB;

        // Get all the course groups
        if ($groups = $DB->get_records('groups', array(
                'courseid' => $this->task->get_courseid()))) {
            foreach ($groups as $group) {
                backup_structure_dbops::insert_backup_ids_record($this->get_backupid(), 'group', $group->id);
            }
        }

        // Get all the course groupings
        if ($groupings = $DB->get_records('groupings', array(
                'courseid' => $this->task->get_courseid()))) {
            foreach ($groupings as $grouping) {
                backup_structure_dbops::insert_backup_ids_record($this->get_backupid(), 'grouping', $grouping->id);
            }
        }
    }
}

/**
 * This step will annotate all the groups belonging to already annotated groupings
 */
class backup_annotate_groups_from_groupings extends backup_execution_step {

    protected function define_execution() {
        global $DB;

        // Fetch all the annotated groupings
        if ($groupings = $DB->get_records('backup_ids_temp', array(
                'backupid' => $this->get_backupid(), 'itemname' => 'grouping'))) {
            foreach ($groupings as $grouping) {
                if ($groups = $DB->get_records('groupings_groups', array(
                        'groupingid' => $grouping->itemid))) {
                    foreach ($groups as $group) {
                        backup_structure_dbops::insert_backup_ids_record($this->get_backupid(), 'group', $group->groupid);
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

/**
 * This step will annotate all the scales belonging to already annotated outcomes
 */
class backup_annotate_scales_from_outcomes extends backup_execution_step {

    protected function define_execution() {
        global $DB;

        // Fetch all the annotated outcomes
        if ($outcomes = $DB->get_records('backup_ids_temp', array(
                'backupid' => $this->get_backupid(), 'itemname' => 'outcome'))) {
            foreach ($outcomes as $outcome) {
                if ($scale = $DB->get_record('grade_outcomes', array(
                        'id' => $outcome->itemid))) {
                    // Annotate as scalefinal because it's > 0
                    backup_structure_dbops::insert_backup_ids_record($this->get_backupid(), 'scalefinal', $scale->scaleid);
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

/**
 * This step will generate all the file annotations for the already
 * annotated (final) question_categories. It calculates the different
 * contexts that are being backup and, annotates all the files
 * on every context belonging to the "question" component. As far as
 * we are always including *complete* question banks it is safe and
 * optimal to do that in this (one pass) way
 */
class backup_annotate_all_question_files extends backup_execution_step {

    protected function define_execution() {
        global $DB;

        // Get all the different contexts for the final question_categories
        // annotated along the whole backup
        $rs = $DB->get_recordset_sql("SELECT DISTINCT qc.contextid
                                        FROM {question_categories} qc
                                        JOIN {backup_ids_temp} bi ON bi.itemid = qc.id
                                       WHERE bi.backupid = ?
                                         AND bi.itemname = 'question_categoryfinal'", array($this->get_backupid()));
        // To know about qtype specific components/fileareas
        $components = backup_qtype_plugin::get_components_and_fileareas();
        // Let's loop
        foreach($rs as $record) {
            // We don't need to specify filearea nor itemid as far as by
            // component and context it's enough to annotate the whole bank files
            // This backups "questiontext", "generalfeedback" and "answerfeedback" fileareas (all them
            // belonging to the "question" component
            backup_structure_dbops::annotate_files($this->get_backupid(), $record->contextid, 'question', null, null);
            // Again, it is enough to pick files only by context and component
            // Do it for qtype specific components
            foreach ($components as $component => $fileareas) {
                backup_structure_dbops::annotate_files($this->get_backupid(), $record->contextid, $component, null, null);
            }
        }
        $rs->close();
    }
}

/**
 * structure step in charge of constructing the questions.xml file for all the
 * question categories and questions required by the backup
 * and letters related to one activity
 */
class backup_questions_structure_step extends backup_structure_step {

    protected function define_structure() {

        // Define each element separated

        $qcategories = new backup_nested_element('question_categories');

        $qcategory = new backup_nested_element('question_category', array('id'), array(
            'name', 'contextid', 'contextlevel', 'contextinstanceid',
            'info', 'infoformat', 'stamp', 'parent',
            'sortorder'));

        $questions = new backup_nested_element('questions');

        $question = new backup_nested_element('question', array('id'), array(
            'parent', 'name', 'questiontext', 'questiontextformat',
            'generalfeedback', 'generalfeedbackformat', 'defaultmark', 'penalty',
            'qtype', 'length', 'stamp', 'version',
            'hidden', 'timecreated', 'timemodified', 'createdby', 'modifiedby'));

        // attach qtype plugin structure to $question element, only one allowed
        $this->add_plugin_structure('qtype', $question, false);

        // attach local plugin stucture to $question element, multiple allowed
        $this->add_plugin_structure('local', $question, true);

        $qhints = new backup_nested_element('question_hints');

        $qhint = new backup_nested_element('question_hint', array('id'), array(
            'hint', 'hintformat', 'shownumcorrect', 'clearwrong', 'options'));

        $tags = new backup_nested_element('tags');

        $tag = new backup_nested_element('tag', array('id'), array('name', 'rawname'));

        // Build the tree

        $qcategories->add_child($qcategory);
        $qcategory->add_child($questions);
        $questions->add_child($question);
        $question->add_child($qhints);
        $qhints->add_child($qhint);

        $question->add_child($tags);
        $tags->add_child($tag);

        // Define the sources

        $qcategory->set_source_sql("
            SELECT gc.*, contextlevel, instanceid AS contextinstanceid
              FROM {question_categories} gc
              JOIN {backup_ids_temp} bi ON bi.itemid = gc.id
              JOIN {context} co ON co.id = gc.contextid
             WHERE bi.backupid = ?
               AND bi.itemname = 'question_categoryfinal'", array(backup::VAR_BACKUPID));

        $question->set_source_table('question', array('category' => backup::VAR_PARENTID));

        $qhint->set_source_sql('
                SELECT *
                FROM {question_hints}
                WHERE questionid = :questionid
                ORDER BY id',
                array('questionid' => backup::VAR_PARENTID));

        $tag->set_source_sql("SELECT t.id, t.name, t.rawname
                              FROM {tag} t
                              JOIN {tag_instance} ti ON ti.tagid = t.id
                              WHERE ti.itemid = ?
                              AND ti.itemtype = 'question'", array(backup::VAR_PARENTID));

        // don't need to annotate ids nor files
        // (already done by {@link backup_annotate_all_question_files}

        return $qcategories;
    }
}

/**
 * This step will generate all the file  annotations for the already
 * annotated (final) users. Need to do this here because each user
 * has its own context and structure tasks only are able to handle
 * one context. Also, this step will guarantee that every user has
 * its context created (req for other steps)
 */
class backup_annotate_all_user_files extends backup_execution_step {

    protected function define_execution() {
        global $DB;

        // List of fileareas we are going to annotate
        $fileareas = array('profile', 'icon');

        // Fetch all annotated (final) users
        $rs = $DB->get_recordset('backup_ids_temp', array(
            'backupid' => $this->get_backupid(), 'itemname' => 'userfinal'));
        $progress = $this->task->get_progress();
        $progress->start_progress($this->get_name());
        foreach ($rs as $record) {
            $userid = $record->itemid;
            $userctx = context_user::instance($userid, IGNORE_MISSING);
            if (!$userctx) {
                continue; // User has not context, sure it's a deleted user, so cannot have files
            }
            // Proceed with every user filearea
            foreach ($fileareas as $filearea) {
                // We don't need to specify itemid ($userid - 5th param) as far as by
                // context we can get all the associated files. See MDL-22092
                backup_structure_dbops::annotate_files($this->get_backupid(), $userctx->id, 'user', $filearea, null);
                $progress->progress();
            }
        }
        $progress->end_progress();
        $rs->close();
    }
}

/**
 * Defines the backup step for advanced grading methods attached to the activity module
 */
class backup_activity_grading_structure_step extends backup_structure_step {

    /**
     * Include the grading.xml only if the module supports advanced grading
     */
    protected function execute_condition() {
        return plugin_supports('mod', $this->get_task()->get_modulename(), FEATURE_ADVANCED_GRADING, false);
    }

    /**
     * Declares the gradable areas structures and data sources
     */
    protected function define_structure() {

        // To know if we are including userinfo
        $userinfo = $this->get_setting_value('userinfo');

        // Define the elements

        $areas = new backup_nested_element('areas');

        $area = new backup_nested_element('area', array('id'), array(
            'areaname', 'activemethod'));

        $definitions = new backup_nested_element('definitions');

        $definition = new backup_nested_element('definition', array('id'), array(
            'method', 'name', 'description', 'descriptionformat', 'status',
            'timecreated', 'timemodified', 'options'));

        $instances = new backup_nested_element('instances');

        $instance = new backup_nested_element('instance', array('id'), array(
            'raterid', 'itemid', 'rawgrade', 'status', 'feedback',
            'feedbackformat', 'timemodified'));

        // Build the tree including the method specific structures
        // (beware - the order of how gradingform plugins structures are attached is important)
        $areas->add_child($area);
        // attach local plugin stucture to $area element, multiple allowed
        $this->add_plugin_structure('local', $area, true);
        $area->add_child($definitions);
        $definitions->add_child($definition);
        $this->add_plugin_structure('gradingform', $definition, true);
        // attach local plugin stucture to $definition element, multiple allowed
        $this->add_plugin_structure('local', $definition, true);
        $definition->add_child($instances);
        $instances->add_child($instance);
        $this->add_plugin_structure('gradingform', $instance, false);
        // attach local plugin stucture to $instance element, multiple allowed
        $this->add_plugin_structure('local', $instance, true);

        // Define data sources

        $area->set_source_table('grading_areas', array('contextid' => backup::VAR_CONTEXTID,
            'component' => array('sqlparam' => 'mod_'.$this->get_task()->get_modulename())));

        $definition->set_source_table('grading_definitions', array('areaid' => backup::VAR_PARENTID));

        if ($userinfo) {
            $instance->set_source_table('grading_instances', array('definitionid' => backup::VAR_PARENTID));
        }

        // Annotate references
        $definition->annotate_files('grading', 'description', 'id');
        $instance->annotate_ids('user', 'raterid');

        // Return the root element
        return $areas;
    }
}

/**
 * structure step in charge of constructing the grades.xml file for all the grade items
 * and letters related to one activity
 */
class backup_activity_grades_structure_step extends backup_structure_step {

    protected function define_structure() {

        // To know if we are including userinfo
        $userinfo = $this->get_setting_value('userinfo');

        // Define each element separated

        $book = new backup_nested_element('activity_gradebook');

        $items = new backup_nested_element('grade_items');

        $item = new backup_nested_element('grade_item', array('id'), array(
            'categoryid', 'itemname', 'itemtype', 'itemmodule',
            'iteminstance', 'itemnumber', 'iteminfo', 'idnumber',
            'calculation', 'gradetype', 'grademax', 'grademin',
            'scaleid', 'outcomeid', 'gradepass', 'multfactor',
            'plusfactor', 'aggregationcoef', 'sortorder', 'display',
            'decimals', 'hidden', 'locked', 'locktime',
            'needsupdate', 'timecreated', 'timemodified'));

        $grades = new backup_nested_element('grade_grades');

        $grade = new backup_nested_element('grade_grade', array('id'), array(
            'userid', 'rawgrade', 'rawgrademax', 'rawgrademin',
            'rawscaleid', 'usermodified', 'finalgrade', 'hidden',
            'locked', 'locktime', 'exported', 'overridden',
            'excluded', 'feedback', 'feedbackformat', 'information',
            'informationformat', 'timecreated', 'timemodified'));

        $letters = new backup_nested_element('grade_letters');

        $letter = new backup_nested_element('grade_letter', 'id', array(
            'lowerboundary', 'letter'));

        // Build the tree

        $book->add_child($items);
        $items->add_child($item);

        $item->add_child($grades);
        $grades->add_child($grade);

        $book->add_child($letters);
        $letters->add_child($letter);

        // Define sources

        $item->set_source_sql("SELECT gi.*
                               FROM {grade_items} gi
                               JOIN {backup_ids_temp} bi ON gi.id = bi.itemid
                               WHERE bi.backupid = ?
                               AND bi.itemname = 'grade_item'", array(backup::VAR_BACKUPID));

        // This only happens if we are including user info
        if ($userinfo) {
            $grade->set_source_table('grade_grades', array('itemid' => backup::VAR_PARENTID));
        }

        $letter->set_source_table('grade_letters', array('contextid' => backup::VAR_CONTEXTID));

        // Annotations

        $item->annotate_ids('scalefinal', 'scaleid'); // Straight as scalefinal because it's > 0
        $item->annotate_ids('outcome', 'outcomeid');

        $grade->annotate_ids('user', 'userid');
        $grade->annotate_ids('user', 'usermodified');

        // Return the root element (book)

        return $book;
    }
}

/**
 * Backups up the course completion information for the course.
 */
class backup_course_completion_structure_step extends backup_structure_step {

    protected function execute_condition() {
        // Check that all activities have been included
        if ($this->task->is_excluding_activities()) {
            return false;
        }
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * The structure of the course completion backup
     *
     * @return backup_nested_element
     */
    protected function define_structure() {

        // To know if we are including user completion info
        $userinfo = $this->get_setting_value('userscompletion');

        $cc = new backup_nested_element('course_completion');

        $criteria = new backup_nested_element('course_completion_criteria', array('id'), array(
            'course','criteriatype', 'module', 'moduleinstance', 'courseinstanceshortname', 'enrolperiod', 'timeend', 'gradepass', 'role'
        ));

        $criteriacompletions = new backup_nested_element('course_completion_crit_completions');

        $criteriacomplete = new backup_nested_element('course_completion_crit_compl', array('id'), array(
            'criteriaid', 'userid', 'gradefinal', 'unenrolled', 'timecompleted'
        ));

        $coursecompletions = new backup_nested_element('course_completions', array('id'), array(
            'userid', 'course', 'timeenrolled', 'timestarted', 'timecompleted', 'reaggregate'
        ));

        $aggregatemethod = new backup_nested_element('course_completion_aggr_methd', array('id'), array(
            'course','criteriatype','method','value'
        ));

        $cc->add_child($criteria);
            $criteria->add_child($criteriacompletions);
                $criteriacompletions->add_child($criteriacomplete);
        $cc->add_child($coursecompletions);
        $cc->add_child($aggregatemethod);

        // We need to get the courseinstances shortname rather than an ID for restore
        $criteria->set_source_sql("SELECT ccc.*, c.shortname AS courseinstanceshortname
                                   FROM {course_completion_criteria} ccc
                                   LEFT JOIN {course} c ON c.id = ccc.courseinstance
                                   WHERE ccc.course = ?", array(backup::VAR_COURSEID));

        $aggregatemethod->set_source_table('course_completion_aggr_methd', array('course' => backup::VAR_COURSEID));

        if ($userinfo) {
            $criteriacomplete->set_source_table('course_completion_crit_compl', array('criteriaid' => backup::VAR_PARENTID));
            $coursecompletions->set_source_table('course_completions', array('course' => backup::VAR_COURSEID));
        }

        $criteria->annotate_ids('role', 'role');
        $criteriacomplete->annotate_ids('user', 'userid');
        $coursecompletions->annotate_ids('user', 'userid');

        return $cc;

    }
}


text:
Social/Society
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Georgian Gov't Offers Help to Tourism Sector after Russian Travel Ban
The Georgian government has decided to assist the country's tourism sector by partially paying their bank loan interests in order to help the field develop after the Russian ban on flights with Georgia.
The statement was made by the Prime Minister Mamuka Bakhtadze who said the government will help entrepreneurs involved in tourism, in particular owners of small and medium hotels, in co-financing loans.
"The most important thing for us is to support our citizens who are employed in the tourism sector, among them the most vulnerable group - owners of small and medium hotels. Many of them have bank loans, taken to develop the appropriate infrastructure, and we will help them co-finance the interest of these loans," he announced.
The PM highlighted that these entrepreneurs took out loans in response to the fact that tourism was the fastest growing sector, and many of them planned to expand their hotels or to build a new one.
"Consequently, the mechanism we have created with the European Union, in cooperation with European institutions, is a credit warranty scheme that will be directed to those entrepreneurs employed in the tourism sector. All projects that have been planned and which now face obstacles [due to the Russian flight ban] will be assisted. No hotel construction should be stopped," he stressed.
Bakhtadze also noted that the government will activate marketing campaigns abroad and contribute to launching new flights to Georgia.
"I have daily communication with the representatives of the tourism sector. The Ministry of Economy has developed this working plan based on the information they provided," he added.
Georgia's Minister of Economy and Sustainable Development, Natia Turnava, said the new program of grants will be launched from September for the owners of small and family-type hotels.
Turnava says the new program will be just one of the mechanisms used to assist the tourism sector affected by the Russian sanctions.
The Minister said that work is ongoing to co-finance the interest rates on bank loans and financing of marketing activities and added that the Ministry of Economy is working with the Ministry of Finance to do so. The service will also be utilized by the "Produce in Georgia" project.
Turnava says that apart from helping to pay the interest on loans, the Credit-Guarantee Scheme introduced by the government gives guarantees to the banks when owners of small and medium hotels want to expand their businesses and need loans.
"The Credit Guarantee Scheme will be fully oriented to these types of businesses and will offer an additional guarantee to banks, not only supporting existing businesses but also promoting their expansion and financing interesting projects," she explained.
Regarding advertising Georgia abroad and attracting more foreign tourists, Turnava said by the end of July, up to 800 journalists and bloggers will be brought to Georgia to tell the world about it.
"We have an ongoing contract with CNN, Bloomberg and National Geographic where Georgia is advertised and popularized as being a safe and attractive country for tourists. Marketing plans and campaigns have been activated for the Baltic States, Saudi Arabia and Ukraine," she said.
Bloggers and journalists will come to Georgia from the United States, Germany, Holland, Great Britain, Czech Republic, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, Bulgaria, as well as from the Republic of Korea, Kazakhstan, Ukraine, Israel, Azerbaijan, Turkey, Qatar and the United Arab Emirates.
The guests will visit various parts of Georgia and film resorts and tourist attractions, to prepare videos, reports and articles about Georgia as a tourist attraction and a safe country, with unique culture and diverse nature.
Georgian tourism faces challenges after Russian President Vladimir Putin imposed an embargo on direct flights with Georgia, which significantly reduced the inflow of tourists and visitors to the country- Russian tourists amount to around 25% of the total visitors annually.
By Thea Morrison
Image source: reginfo.ge
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl