.NET is a general purpose development platform. With .NET, you can use multiple languages, editors, and libraries to build native applications for web, mobile, desktop, gaming, and IoT for Windows, macOS, Linux, Android, and more.
Why do developers choose .NET?
Reliable and strongly typed server side language.
Why do you like .NET?
Why do developers choose PurpleJS?
Why do you like PurpleJS?
What are the cons of using .NET?
What are the cons of using PurpleJS?
What tools integrate with .NET?
What tools integrate with PurpleJS?
What are some alternatives to .NET, PurpleJS, and Zen Rails Base Application?
Microsoft has done an incredible job of keeping the .NET Framework powerful and stable. It is well designed and keeps getting more robust with each release. It isn't the most popular technology in this space, but I think a good case can be made to use .NET in many new projects.
As we started on Windows Phone we use C# and .NET for most of our apps and sites. Being a small team of 2, using .NET enables us to work on each part of the service without having to switch to different languages.
I use .NET alongside with C# since my university studies, and I really enjoy it. Especially .NET Core, which is the best thing that happened to Microsoft since... ever.
Server side development language and frameworks: ASP.Net MVC 4, Asp.Net WebApi 2, Razor View engine, Moq, Entity Frameworks, etc.


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Q: Why my neural network isn`t learning and why it prediction is equal on all test dataset? I try to train my first simple neural network. I downloaded dataset from kaggle with already written on tensorflow model. I try to repeat this model on pytorch, but my network obviously not training and prediction does not change from example to example. Please help me. What wrong I do?
My model
class NeuralNetwork(nn.Module):
def __init__(self):
    super(NeuralNetwork, self).__init__()
    self.conv_2d_1 = Conv2d(3, out_channels=16, kernel_size=16, padding=0)
    self.pooling1 = MaxPool2d((2, 2))
    self.conv_2d_2 = Conv2d(16, out_channels=32, kernel_size=32, padding=0)
    self.pooling2 = MaxPool2d((2, 2))
    self.conv_2d_3 = Conv2d(32, out_channels=64, kernel_size=16, padding=0)
    self.pooling3 = MaxPool2d((2, 2))
    self.l1 = Linear(64*25, 128)
    self.l2 = Linear(128, 2)
    self.sigmoid = Sigmoid()
    self.dropout = Dropout(0.2)
    self.relu = ReLU()
    self.softmax = softmax
    self.flatten = tr.nn.Flatten()

def forward(self, x):
    x.requires_grad = True
    x = self.conv_2d_1(x)
    x = self.relu(self.pooling1(x))
    x = self.conv_2d_2(x)
    x = self.relu(self.pooling2(x))
    x = self.conv_2d_3(x)
    x = self.relu(self.pooling3(x))
    x = self.flatten(x)
    x = x.reshape(64*25)
    x = self.l1(x)
    x = self.l2(x)
    return x

Optimizer and loss function
loss_fn = CrossEntropyLoss()
optimizer = Adam(model.parameters(), lr=1e-3)

Training cycle
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
test1 = tr.Tensor([0, 1]).to('cuda:1')
test2 = tr.Tensor([1, 0]).to('cuda:1')
epochs_number = 10
loss_data = np.zeros((train_clear.shape[0] + train_ill.shape[0]) * epochs_number)
loss_data_cursor = 0
model.train()

for k in range(epochs_number):
    i = 0
    while i < max(train_clear.shape[0], train_ill.shape[0]) + 1:
        try:
            optimizer.zero_grad()
            prediction = model(tr.Tensor(train_clear[i]).to('cuda:1'))
            loss = loss_fn(prediction, test1)
            loss.backward()
            optimizer.step()
            # print(loss, prediction, test1)
            loss_item = loss.item()
            loss_data[loss_data_cursor] = loss_item
            loss_data_cursor += 1
        except:
            pass
        try:
            prediction = model(tr.Tensor(train_ill[i]).to('cuda:1'))
            loss = loss_fn(prediction, test2)
            optimizer.zero_grad()
            loss.backward()
            optimizer.step()
            # print(loss, prediction, test1)
            loss_item = loss.item()
            loss_data[loss_data_cursor] = loss_item
            loss_data_cursor += 1
        except:
            pass
        i += 1
    plt.plot(loss_data)
    plt.show()

Training loss

The test
model.train(mode=False)
prediction1 = model(tr.Tensor(train_clear[0]).to('cuda:1'))
prediction2 = model(tr.Tensor(train_ill[5]).to('cuda:1'))
prediction1, prediction2, model.parameters(), test_clear[0].shape
rand = tr.randn(test_clear[0].shape).to('cuda:1')
prediction3 = model(rand)
prediction1, prediction2, prediction3, model.parameters(), test_clear[0].shape

Test results
 (tensor([ 0.2431, -0.3565], device='cuda:1', grad_fn=<AddBackward0>),
 tensor([ 0.2431, -0.3565], device='cuda:1', grad_fn=<AddBackward0>),
 tensor([ 58.9911, -75.1154], device='cuda:1', grad_fn=<AddBackward0>),
 <generator object Module.parameters at 0x00000183A4845970>,
 (3, 180, 180))

A: I see that you are using Cross Entropy Loss. If this is a classification task you should probably apply Softmax on the final output. Softmax will bound the values to be within the range of 0-1 by relatively scaling them.

A: I finded solution. My problem was a using of torch.nn.ReLU instead of torch.nn.functional.relu. I finded that it isn`t equivalent methods and my problem was solved when I replace it.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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text:
TV ReviewsBurn NoticeSeason 4
Burn Notice: "Past & Future Tense"
Zack Handlen
Burn NoticeSeason 4
"Past & Future Tense"
Ahh, stunt casting. When word came down that Burt Reynolds was going to guest star in an episode of Burn Notice, was there any doubt he'd be playing an older, retired spy? Someone who's seen some of the same horrors and violence that Michael Westen has, and can serve as a cautionary tale of Michael's potential future. Reynolds does his expected shtick, less acting than resting on his gravelly voice and iconic image, but it works. Partly because he and Donovan play well off each other, and partly because, well, I don't want to sound cruel, but… Reynolds is an old man now. His face is frozen, his movements are stiff, and he looks a little lost. Whether or not that's intentional (and the show lets him be hardcore and pathetic), it gives an edge to "Past & Future Tense" that most Burn Notices don't really try for. Paul isn't a winner, and if Michael keeps down the path he's on, he's liable to end up as bad or worse.
I've never been completely behind the "Is Michael losing his soul?" arc. I don't dislike it, and it seems the sort of expected thing for a show like this to do. I just don't have any real investment in it. Laugh all you like (no, go ahead, I can't hear you so I don't really care), and I agree, talking about "emotional investment" with such a beach breeze show sounds ridiculous, but the only way the Danger of the Dark Side works is if you care if a character goes full heartless or not. It can't be an intellectual thing. I don't think there's any danger of Burn Notice becoming a richly textured tragic drama, and that's cool—I like just enjoying it. The thing is, without that texture, Michael's whirling moral compass is never going to be all that powerful a theme.
So when Fiona got slap happy at the end of "Past," it was of course exciting, and I'm curious to see how this develops, but I'm not really connecting with it. I don't look at Michael and think, "Wow, he's really becoming a horrible monster!" I mean, earlier in the episode, Michael and Fiona kidnap a guy on suspicions that he's part of a Russian hit team. Of course he is, and of course kidnapping him leads them to the next step of the plot, but it's not like they're engaging in due process, or working as part of an official organization, or, y'know, not breaking a bunch of laws. I guess Fiona's live-wire nature means it makes sense she has a scale of morality—she's good at heart, so hurting bad guys and saving good guys is all that matters to her. I'm just not sure her frustrations with Michael's behavior are as impactful as the show seems to think they are. Like, she's been getting upset with him for seasons now, is this supposed to be an escalation?
Paul made a much better counterpoint to the dangers of Michael's ways, because for the most part, it was a show-don't-tell kind of lesson. (I'm not saying "Past" was subtle about the comparison. It was subtle for Burn Notice.) He's grumpy, trigger happy, and just on the edge of incompetence. That last is a sharp choice, really. It would've been all too easy to play Paul as either still amazing at his former work, or else as a complete, bumbling mess. By walking a line in between those (he mucks up a few times, but he's able to deliver the beat-downs when necessary), it means he can't be dismissed as a caricature. I love the last scene between him and Michael, when Michael realizes Paul's losing his memory. Paul says, all he has left are the stories. He doesn't finish the thought, but it's impossible not to—soon, the stories will be gone too.
As for the rest of the episode? Fiona and Jessie's attempts to get more info on Jessie's Big Burn were all right. I'm not a huge fan of Richard Kind, but I am still very curious what'll happen when Jessie finally learns the truth. The fight against the Russian wet-work team sent to kill Paul was fun, although I found the resolution, with Michael and co. managing to lock the Russians in a house, far-fetched even for this show. (I mean, surely someone would've heard the boards going over windows.) John Doman (better known as Rawls from The Wire) was more interesting as the Senator who screwed Paul over, and having Paul's attempts to blackmail him fail so thoroughly was great. Hell, even Maddy got a chance to shine.
So far, this has been a strong season for Burn Notice, and while I'm not convinced that the battle for Michael's soul is being handled as well as it could be, Burt Reynolds guest turn here made some good steps in the right direction. Beyond that, it was funny, clever, and (apart from my misgivings about the Russians), expertly done.
Todd's at Comic Con this week, so I'm stepping in for him briefly. Feel free to try and play us against each other. (And don't forget, Noel used to cover the show too!)
"Psychiatrists have nothing on spies when it comes to over-analyzing their friends' behavior."
Just once, I'd like to see Fiona seduce a fat man with a fat wife and come up empty. Marv is supposedly working in the intelligence community, surely there are videos he had to watch about how hot women offering possible sexual favors may have ulterior motives?
"Do you know where this bar is?" "Uh, yeah, it's a bar."
The fake Michael Westen ID this week? The Russian Boogeyman Michael Westen. And he really seemed to be enjoying himself.
I don't mean to undersell Reynolds work as an actor here, because he carries himself well. And few people could've sold the following as well as he does: "But if you call me an old-timer, you're going to be wearing your ass around your head. Like a hat."
"Are you telling me I can't kill Russians when they invade Florida?"
Recent from Zack Handlen
Black Mirror reminds us that sometimes unhappy people sing happy songs
Black Mirror steers into a skid, with mixed results
In its 5th season premiere, Black Mirror presents a new kind of fighting game

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Sambal Tempe - High protein, Very easy to prepare!
Sambal Tempe (also known as Sambal Goreng Tempe) is a very popular Indonesian spicy fried recipe. It has a delicate blend of flavours and textures which means, it is crispy, sweet, sticky and tangy in taste. Sambal Tempe combines really well with -for example- Semur Daging and a fresh cucumber salad.
The preparation time is just 10-15 minutes and preparing this wonderful side dish only takes 10 minutes. The required ingredients are affordable and available in the market in all seasons.
The delicious Sambal Tempe goes perfectly with rice. Additionally, it can even be tossed up with flat rice noodles. Since it is highly good in flavor, choosing an ideal main dish would make the menu excellent for breakfast, lunch or dinner.
Cut the Tempe in small even strips.
Divide the Tempe in two even parts and frie (per batch) in hot oil until golden brown and crispy. Drain on kitchentowel.
Do the same with other batch.
Heat fryingpan and add 2-3 tablespoons of oil and fry half (1/2 clove) of the chopped garlic. Add half (1tbsp) of the Sambal Bajak, half (2tbsp) of the palm sugar.
Bake and stir shortly and add the fried tempe.
Stir until the fried tempe is covered in the spicy and glossy mixture.
Repeat the above steps for the other part of the mixture.
It is true that continental cuisine flavors are just brilliant producing best and tasty recipes. But Indonesian cuisine is unique that is rich and plenty in ingredients. So trying it once in a while for having a change in menu is quite ideal. The best benefit is, the ingredients required for preparation are available at a very low cost and does not require much time to prepare.
Opting to try and taste Sambal Tempe will surely add a very good recipe to the current list of regular menus. The primary reason for recommending Sambal Tempe is because of the fact that there is very low fat and absolutely high in protein apart from adding adequate carbs. Cooking it either once in a week or once in a while will add to the maintenance of good health.
Tempeh is originally a product form the Indonesian island Java. It is made from fermented soy beans, and has a completely other texture and nutritional value as -for example- Tofu.
Tempeh is made with culturing that binds the soybeans in a special metal mold and gives it is specific shape and texture. It has a firm texture and the flavour is very specific. Some people describe this as 'earthy'. For the Indonesian kitchen it is an important source of protein and Tempeh is used in many recipes.


Getting a mayfair gardens condo is similar to purchasing any genuine estate property. Elements including the place, safety, cost, house loan and also other variables you commonly take into consideration even though purchasing a home should also be regarded even though buying a apartment. Listed here are few that ideas that allow you to in picking out a greatest condominium at correct cost.
Situation in the condominium: For those who are purchasing a completely new condominium then you definitely may possibly not be facing numerous issues as in case of a renovated rental. When you are likely for any renovated rental do not forget to examine every inch in the house. Primarily, acquire care from the plumbing plus the electrical function. Check the condition of your cabinets, home windows, doors etcetera. No matter whether it really is a newer or renovated condominium, get it inspected by industry experts.
Community and surroundings in the rental: To possess enjoyable remain with the mayfair gardens condo it is actually critical to be aware of about the community i.e. should they be pleasant and supporting in character. The realm shouldn't be much too noisy. To be sure that the realm is ideal to remain at any time from the working day, go to the condominium at various times of your working day. When you have youngsters, find an area which has a college within the close by place. It would be easy to pick a location that most closely fits your lifestyle.
Value: Expense of the mayfair gardens condo is an additional aspect to generally be viewed as in advance of signing the sale documents. Generally, the price of any real estate home depends over the sizing, further amenities offered like the swimming pool, health club, library, club house etcetera, area from the residence and any upgrades done to your property. Verify the many charges and ensure that the last rate most effective suits inside your budget limit.
Servicing of the condominium: 1 very good reason why men and women prefer to individual a condominium rather than a home is they would not have to deal with the apartment upkeep. The condominium upkeep affiliation will consider treatment of all of the exterior repairs. You merely really have to fork out a month to month maintenance fee. That's why, while acquiring the condominium do inquire with regard to the servicing costs with the condo.
No of owners residing within the condominium complex: This can be one of the factors overlooked by lots of persons even though purchasing a apartment. It can be advisable to prevent buying condominium complexes exactly where more than 20% on the inhabitants usually are not proprietors. A apartment intricate with far more quantity of entrepreneurs will likely have a nicely structured and arranged condominium house entrepreneurs association to take care of the condo servicing. Badly maintained complexes do not glance great and it might even cause reduced resale worth.


Earlier this year we were invited to develop the logo design and identity for the 2016 Masters Hockey World Cup and Grand Masters Hockey World Cup.
The Masters and Grand Masters World Cup is a biennial hockey competition that will bring over 18 nations and hundreds of players, coaches, managers, judges, umpires and spectators to Australia.
From March 28th to April 11th, 2016, the Masters Hockey World Cup will be held at the National Hockey Centre at Lyneham, Canberra. The event includes both male and female hockey players aged 35 – 60 from all over the world.
Neon Zoo was invited to develop the identity and logo design for the Masters World Cup and Grand Masters World Cup (see below) for the 2016 tournaments.
The brief for the logo required the host city, Canberra, to be a prominent part of the final design. It was to be engaging, approachable and represent the elite level of hockey that the event attracts.
As part of the identity development, the logo will be used across medal designs, signage, programs, promotional material, t-shirts and souvenirs, marketing to the vast number of players, coaches, judges, umpires and families that will be visiting Australia for the event.
In May 2016, Newcastle will host the Grand Masters Hockey World Cup. This event will include palyers aged 60+ and will be held at the Newcastle International Hockey Centre over a period of two weeks from 28th of March to April 11th.
Like the Masters Games in Canberra the event is expected to bring teams from over 18 nations and generate millions of dollars to the local tourism economy.
Whilst the relationship between these two events was important, it was equally important that we created an individual identity for each event in order to market the tournaments for their respective age brackets and promote the individual locations of each event.
The two host cities were selected from only three locations in Australia that have international standard water-based grounds in the one facility, As we get closer to the events, we'll keep you up-to-date on how to find out more about the games.


Rubik's Cube: Easier Than English?
Jeff Qian demonstrates his lightning-speed Rubik's Cube moves for his teacher, Bethany Bradshaw.
Zeli "Jeff" Qian is a cubist — as in Rubik's Cube. Qian, a native of Zhejiang Province in southeast China, can align all the colors in the cube-shaped puzzle in 18.27 seconds, a time that's listed in the World Cube Association's record books.
When he first attempted to solve Rubik's Cube, it took Qian five minutes — still an impressively short time by most standards. He says he played obsessively every day, month in and month out, until he was fast enough to enter competitions. Still, Qian doesn't boast about his ability. "My speed is not that fast compared with a lot of the best players," he says. The world record is currently 5.5 seconds.
Qian brought that same laser focus and determination to NC State, where he's studying mechanical engineering. He's also honing his English speaking, writing and research skills through Department of Foreign Languages and Literatures courses for non-native speakers of English.
His writing and research instructor, alum and lecturer Bethany Bradshaw (M.A., English '13), has high expectations of Qian and his classmates from around the world. "These international students are some of the most hard-working and motivated students I have encountered," she says. "To get to NC State, they have worked very hard in English and other classes in their home countries, and they are eager to take full advantage of the educational opportunities here." The students are expected to write papers according to the conventions of the American academy and standard academic English, which is their second — or sometimes third or fourth — language.


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Star Trek: Deep Space Nine (abbreviated as DS9) is an American science fiction television series created by Rick Berman and Michael Piller. The fourth series in the Star Trek media franchise, it originally aired in syndication from January 3, 1993, to June 2, 1999, spanning 176 episodes over seven seasons. +more Set in the 24th century, when Earth is part of a United Federation of Planets, its narrative is centered on the eponymous space station Deep Space Nine, located adjacent to a wormhole connecting Federation territory to the Gamma Quadrant on the far side of the Milky Way galaxy.
Following the success of Star Trek: The Next Generation, Paramount Pictures commissioned a new series set in the Star Trek fictional universe. In creating Deep Space Nine, Berman and Piller drew upon plot elements introduced in The Next Generation, namely the conflict between two alien species, the Cardassians and the Bajorans. +more Deep Space Nine was the first Star Trek series to be created without the direct involvement of franchise creator Gene Roddenberry, the first set on a space station rather than a traveling starship and the first to have an African American as its central character: Starfleet Commander, and then Captain, Benjamin Sisko (played by Avery Brooks).
Changes were made to the series over the course of its seven-year run. In the third season, the starship USS Defiant was introduced to enable more stories away from the space station, and the fourth added Worf (Michael Dorn), a character who originated on The Next Generation, to the main cast. +more The final three seasons deal with a story arc, that of the war between the Federation and an invading Gamma Quadrant power, the Dominion. Although not as popular as The Next Generation, Deep Space Nine was critically well-received. Following the success of Deep Space Nine, Paramount commissioned Berman, Piller and Jeri Taylor to produce Star Trek: Voyager, which began in 1995. During Deep Space Nine run, various episode novelizations and tie-in video games were produced. After the show ended, various novels and comics continued the crew's adventures.
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The main setting of Deep Space Nine is a space station near the planet Bajor, built by the imperialistic Cardassians during their long, brutal occupation of Bajor. After liberating themselves through a guerrilla war, the Bajorans invite the United Federation of Planets to jointly administer the station. +more The station is renamed Deep Space Nine, and a Starfleet crew is assigned to manage it, led by Commander Benjamin Sisko.
Shortly after his arrival, Sisko discovers a stable wormhole in Bajoran space between the Alpha Quadrant and the unexplored Gamma Quadrant, and the station is moved near the wormhole's entrance. The wormhole is the home of powerful, non-corporeal aliens whom the Bajorans worship as "the Prophets". +more Sisko is revered by the Bajorans as the Prophets' "Emissary"; although he is initially uncomfortable with being a religious figure, he gradually grows to accept his role.
Deep Space Nine and Bajor quickly become a center for exploration, interstellar trade, political maneuvering, and finally open conflict. Threats come not only from Cardassians, Klingons and Romulans from the Alpha Quadrant, but later from the Dominion, a powerful empire in the Gamma Quadrant ruled by a race of shapeshifters. +more The starship USS Defiant is assigned to help protect the station. When the Dominion and the Cardassians take up arms against the Federation and its allies starting in the fifth season, Deep Space Nine becomes a key Federation base in the Dominion War.
According to co-creator Berman, he and Piller considered setting the new series on a colony planet, but they decided a space station would appeal more to viewers, and would save the money required for a land-based show's on-location shooting. They did not want the show set aboard a starship because Star Trek: The Next Generation was still in production, and in Berman's words, it "seemed ridiculous to have two shows-two casts of characters-that were off going where no man has gone before".
While its predecessors tended to restore the status quo ante at the end of each episode, allowing out-of-order viewing, DS9 contains story arcs that span episodes and seasons. One installment often builds upon earlier ones, with several cliffhanger endings. +more Michael Piller considered this one of the series' best qualities, allowing repercussions of past episodes to influence future events and forcing characters to "learn that actions have consequences. " This trend was especially noticeable toward the series finale, by which time the show was intentionally scripted as a serial.
Unlike Star Trek: The Next Generation, interpersonal conflicts were prominently featured in DS9. This was at the suggestion of Star Trek: The Next Generations writers, many of whom also wrote for DS9, who said that Roddenberry's prohibition of conflicts within the crew restricted their ability to write compelling dramatic stories. +more In Piller's words, "People who come from different places-honorable, noble people-will naturally have conflicts". The series took a more cynical view of human nature and the United Federation of Planets than the utopian vision presented in The Next Generation, and unlike its predecessor it featured main characters who were not from the Federation and could offer an alternative perspective.
Main cast
Character's species
Avery Brooks Benjamin Sisko Commanding Officer Seasons 1-7 Human
Avery Brooks Benjamin Sisko is the Starfleet officer placed in charge of Deep Space Nine. At the start of the series, he is a grieving widower (his wife having been killed by the Borg at the Battle of Wolf 359) and the father of a pre-teenage son, Jake. +more He and Jadzia Dax discover the Bajoran wormhole, which the Bajorans believe is the home of the Prophets, their gods and protectors. The Bajorans hail Sisko as the Emissary of the Prophets, an exalted religious status that initially makes him uncomfortable but that he gradually comes to embrace. At the end of the third season, he is promoted to captain, and he eventually becomes a key leader of Federation forces against the Dominion. The seventh season reveals that Sisko's mother was possessed by one of the Prophets long enough to ensure he was born. Benjamin Sisko is the Starfleet officer placed in charge of Deep Space Nine. At the start of the series, he is a grieving widower (his wife having been killed by the Borg at the Battle of Wolf 359) and the father of a pre-teenage son, Jake. He and Jadzia Dax discover the Bajoran wormhole, which the Bajorans believe is the home of the Prophets, their gods and protectors. The Bajorans hail Sisko as the Emissary of the Prophets, an exalted religious status that initially makes him uncomfortable but that he gradually comes to embrace. At the end of the third season, he is promoted to captain, and he eventually becomes a key leader of Federation forces against the Dominion. The seventh season reveals that Sisko's mother was possessed by one of the Prophets long enough to ensure he was born. Benjamin Sisko is the Starfleet officer placed in charge of Deep Space Nine. At the start of the series, he is a grieving widower (his wife having been killed by the Borg at the Battle of Wolf 359) and the father of a pre-teenage son, Jake. He and Jadzia Dax discover the Bajoran wormhole, which the Bajorans believe is the home of the Prophets, their gods and protectors. The Bajorans hail Sisko as the Emissary of the Prophets, an exalted religious status that initially makes him uncomfortable but that he gradually comes to embrace. At the end of the third season, he is promoted to captain, and he eventually becomes a key leader of Federation forces against the Dominion. The seventh season reveals that Sisko's mother was possessed by one of the Prophets long enough to ensure he was born. Benjamin Sisko is the Starfleet officer placed in charge of Deep Space Nine. At the start of the series, he is a grieving widower (his wife having been killed by the Borg at the Battle of Wolf 359) and the father of a pre-teenage son, Jake. He and Jadzia Dax discover the Bajoran wormhole, which the Bajorans believe is the home of the Prophets, their gods and protectors. The Bajorans hail Sisko as the Emissary of the Prophets, an exalted religious status that initially makes him uncomfortable but that he gradually comes to embrace. At the end of the third season, he is promoted to captain, and he eventually becomes a key leader of Federation forces against the Dominion. The seventh season reveals that Sisko's mother was possessed by one of the Prophets long enough to ensure he was born. Benjamin Sisko is the Starfleet officer placed in charge of Deep Space Nine. At the start of the series, he is a grieving widower (his wife having been killed by the Borg at the Battle of Wolf 359) and the father of a pre-teenage son, Jake. He and Jadzia Dax discover the Bajoran wormhole, which the Bajorans believe is the home of the Prophets, their gods and protectors. The Bajorans hail Sisko as the Emissary of the Prophets, an exalted religious status that initially makes him uncomfortable but that he gradually comes to embrace. At the end of the third season, he is promoted to captain, and he eventually becomes a key leader of Federation forces against the Dominion. The seventh season reveals that Sisko's mother was possessed by one of the Prophets long enough to ensure he was born.
René Auberjonois Odo Chief of Security Seasons 1-7 Changeling Constable (unofficial)
René Auberjonois Constable Odo is the station's chief of security. He is a Changeling, capable of assuming any shape he wishes, though he normally takes the form of an adult male humanoid. His origins are initially unknown; he was discovered by the Bajorans some years before the beginning of the series and subjected to painful experimentation until they realized he was sentient. He longs to find his own people; but when he finally does, he learns they are the authoritarian rulers of the Dominion. Odo is torn between his longing to be with his people and his opposition to the Dominion's totalitarian imperialism. He comes to love the Bajoran Kira. Constable Odo is the station's chief of security. He is a Changeling, capable of assuming any shape he wishes, though he normally takes the form of an adult male humanoid. His origins are initially unknown; he was discovered by the Bajorans some years before the beginning of the series and subjected to painful experimentation until they realized he was sentient. He longs to find his own people; but when he finally does, he learns they are the authoritarian rulers of the Dominion. Odo is torn between his longing to be with his people and his opposition to the Dominion's totalitarian imperialism. He comes to love the Bajoran Kira. Constable Odo is the station's chief of security. He is a Changeling, capable of assuming any shape he wishes, though he normally takes the form of an adult male humanoid. His origins are initially unknown; he was discovered by the Bajorans some years before the beginning of the series and subjected to painful experimentation until they realized he was sentient. He longs to find his own people; but when he finally does, he learns they are the authoritarian rulers of the Dominion. Odo is torn between his longing to be with his people and his opposition to the Dominion's totalitarian imperialism. He comes to love the Bajoran Kira. Constable Odo is the station's chief of security. He is a Changeling, capable of assuming any shape he wishes, though he normally takes the form of an adult male humanoid. His origins are initially unknown; he was discovered by the Bajorans some years before the beginning of the series and subjected to painful experimentation until they realized he was sentient. He longs to find his own people; but when he finally does, he learns they are the authoritarian rulers of the Dominion. Odo is torn between his longing to be with his people and his opposition to the Dominion's totalitarian imperialism. He comes to love the Bajoran Kira. Constable Odo is the station's chief of security. He is a Changeling, capable of assuming any shape he wishes, though he normally takes the form of an adult male humanoid. His origins are initially unknown; he was discovered by the Bajorans some years before the beginning of the series and subjected to painful experimentation until they realized he was sentient. He longs to find his own people; but when he finally does, he learns they are the authoritarian rulers of the Dominion. Odo is torn between his longing to be with his people and his opposition to the Dominion's totalitarian imperialism. He comes to love the Bajoran Kira.
Alexander Siddig Julian Bashir Chief Medical Officer Seasons 1-7 Human Lieutenant, junior grade (Seasons 1-3) Lieutenant (Seasons 4-7)
Alexander Siddig Julian Bashir is the station's chief medical officer. Somewhat tactless and arrogant at first, he nevertheless develops friendships with several of the station's residents, particularly Miles O'Brien and the mysterious Cardassian tailor and ex-spy Garak. It is later revealed that his high intelligence and physical skill are the result of illegal genetic enhancements his parents obtained for him as a child because he was falling behind his classmates. Siddig was credited as Siddig el Fadil, a shortened form of his birth name, for the first three seasons, before adopting the stage name Alexander Siddig after discovering that viewers did not know how to pronounce his name. Siddig continued to be credited as Siddig el Fadil when he directed. Julian Bashir is the station's chief medical officer. Somewhat tactless and arrogant at first, he nevertheless develops friendships with several of the station's residents, particularly Miles O'Brien and the mysterious Cardassian tailor and ex-spy Garak. It is later revealed that his high intelligence and physical skill are the result of illegal genetic enhancements his parents obtained for him as a child because he was falling behind his classmates. Siddig was credited as Siddig el Fadil, a shortened form of his birth name, for the first three seasons, before adopting the stage name Alexander Siddig after discovering that viewers did not know how to pronounce his name. Siddig continued to be credited as Siddig el Fadil when he directed. Julian Bashir is the station's chief medical officer. Somewhat tactless and arrogant at first, he nevertheless develops friendships with several of the station's residents, particularly Miles O'Brien and the mysterious Cardassian tailor and ex-spy Garak. It is later revealed that his high intelligence and physical skill are the result of illegal genetic enhancements his parents obtained for him as a child because he was falling behind his classmates. Siddig was credited as Siddig el Fadil, a shortened form of his birth name, for the first three seasons, before adopting the stage name Alexander Siddig after discovering that viewers did not know how to pronounce his name. Siddig continued to be credited as Siddig el Fadil when he directed. Julian Bashir is the station's chief medical officer. Somewhat tactless and arrogant at first, he nevertheless develops friendships with several of the station's residents, particularly Miles O'Brien and the mysterious Cardassian tailor and ex-spy Garak. It is later revealed that his high intelligence and physical skill are the result of illegal genetic enhancements his parents obtained for him as a child because he was falling behind his classmates. Siddig was credited as Siddig el Fadil, a shortened form of his birth name, for the first three seasons, before adopting the stage name Alexander Siddig after discovering that viewers did not know how to pronounce his name. Siddig continued to be credited as Siddig el Fadil when he directed. Julian Bashir is the station's chief medical officer. Somewhat tactless and arrogant at first, he nevertheless develops friendships with several of the station's residents, particularly Miles O'Brien and the mysterious Cardassian tailor and ex-spy Garak. It is later revealed that his high intelligence and physical skill are the result of illegal genetic enhancements his parents obtained for him as a child because he was falling behind his classmates. Siddig was credited as Siddig el Fadil, a shortened form of his birth name, for the first three seasons, before adopting the stage name Alexander Siddig after discovering that viewers did not know how to pronounce his name. Siddig continued to be credited as Siddig el Fadil when he directed.
Terry Farrell Jadzia Dax Chief Science Officer Seasons 1-6 Trill
Terry Farrell Jadzia Dax is the station's science officer. A member of the Trill species, the humanoid Jadzia shares a symbiotic existence with a long-living "symbiont" named Dax, who has already experienced seven prior lives "joined" with other Trills. The previous host, Curzon Dax, a larger-than-life diplomat and womanizer, was a close friend of and mentor to Sisko, and that friendship is continued with Jadzia, whom Sisko familiarly calls "old man". She marries Worf during the show's sixth season. When Terry Farrell declined to renew her contract at the end of that season, her character was killed off, and Ezri Dax introduced as Dax's next host. Jadzia Dax is the station's science officer. A member of the Trill species, the humanoid Jadzia shares a symbiotic existence with a long-living "symbiont" named Dax, who has already experienced seven prior lives "joined" with other Trills. The previous host, Curzon Dax, a larger-than-life diplomat and womanizer, was a close friend of and mentor to Sisko, and that friendship is continued with Jadzia, whom Sisko familiarly calls "old man". She marries Worf during the show's sixth season. When Terry Farrell declined to renew her contract at the end of that season, her character was killed off, and Ezri Dax introduced as Dax's next host. Jadzia Dax is the station's science officer. A member of the Trill species, the humanoid Jadzia shares a symbiotic existence with a long-living "symbiont" named Dax, who has already experienced seven prior lives "joined" with other Trills. The previous host, Curzon Dax, a larger-than-life diplomat and womanizer, was a close friend of and mentor to Sisko, and that friendship is continued with Jadzia, whom Sisko familiarly calls "old man". She marries Worf during the show's sixth season. When Terry Farrell declined to renew her contract at the end of that season, her character was killed off, and Ezri Dax introduced as Dax's next host. Jadzia Dax is the station's science officer. A member of the Trill species, the humanoid Jadzia shares a symbiotic existence with a long-living "symbiont" named Dax, who has already experienced seven prior lives "joined" with other Trills.
Marc Alaimo Dukat The former Cardassian prefect of Bajor during the occupation; he becomes leader of the Cardassian Union after inviting the Dominion to absorb Cardassia Seasons 1-7 Cardassian
Aron Eisenberg Nog Quark's nephew, a close friend to Jake Sisko, who becomes the first Ferengi to join Starfleet Seasons 1-7 Ferengi
Max Grodénchik Rom Quark's brother and Nog's father, who initially works at Quark's bar before quitting to become a maintenance engineer on DS9's staff Seasons 1-7 Ferengi
Andrew J. Robinson Elim Garak A disgraced Cardassian spy living in exile on Deep Space Nine, where he works as a tailor and strikes up a friendship with Bashir Seasons 1-7 Cardassian
Rosalind Chao Keiko O'Brien Miles O'Brien's wife, a botanist who briefly becomes a schoolteacher on Deep Space Nine Seasons 1-7 Human
Wallace Shawn Zek Grand Nagus (leader) of the Ferengi Alliance Seasons 1-3 & 5-7 Ferengi
Philip Anglim Bareil Antos A progressive Vedek (a high-ranking Bajoran cleric) who becomes Kira's lover Seasons 1-3 & 6 Bajoran
Louise Fletcher Winn Adami A conniving, ambitious Vedek who is selected to become Kai, the spiritual leader of Bajor Seasons 1-7 Bajoran
Salome Jens female Changeling Spokesperson for the Founders of the Dominion who later oversees the war effort in the Alpha Quadrant Seasons 3-4 & 6-7 Changeling
Kenneth Marshall Michael Eddington A Starfleet security officer on Deep Space Nine who betrays the Federation and joins the Maquis Seasons 3-5 Human
Robert O'Reilly Gowron Chancellor of the Klingon Empire Seasons 3-5 & 7 Klingon
Chase Masterson Leeta A "Dabo girl" at Quark's bar who eventually marries Rom Seasons 3-7 Bajoran
Penny Johnson Jerald Kasidy Yates A civilian freighter captain who becomes Sisko's love interest Seasons 3-7 Human
Jeffrey Combs Brunt A "liquidator" for the Ferengi Commerce Authority Seasons 3-7 Ferengi
Jeffrey Combs Weyoun A Dominion administrator, negotiator, and military commander, eventually in charge of the Dominion forces in the Alpha Quadrant; he is replaced several times by clones as various Weyouns perish Seasons 4-7 Vorta
Ishka Quark's mother, a highly successful businesswoman who agitates for civil rights for Ferengi females Seasons 3 & 5-7 Ferengi
+more_G. _Hertzler'>J. G. Hertzler Martok An influential Klingon general who commands the Klingon forces in the Dominion War Seasons 4-7 Klingon
Tora Ziyal Dukat's half-Bajoran daughter Seasons 4-6 Bajoran-Cardassian
Casey Biggs Damar Dukat's aide, who succeeds Dukat as leader of Cardassia and then leads the Cardassian rebellion against the Dominion Seasons 4-7 Cardassian
Barry Jenner William Ross Commander of Starfleet forces in the Dominion War Seasons 6-7 Human
James Darren Vic Fontaine A holographic simulation of a 1960s Las Vegas lounge singer who offers helpful personal advice Seasons 6-7 Hologram
Recurring characters
The setting of the series-a space station rather than a starship-fostered a rich assortment of recurring characters. It was not unheard of for "secondary" characters to play as much of a role in an episode as the regular cast, if not more. +more For example, "The Wire" focused principally on the recurring character Elim Garak, while in "It's Only a Paper Moon", the central characters were Nog and Vic Fontaine, with the regular characters in supporting roles.
Several Cardassian characters figure prominently in DS9, particularly Gul Dukat, a senior member of the Cardassian military involved in the occupation of Bajor, played by Marc Alaimo. A complex character, Dukat undergoes several transformations before ultimately resolving as a profoundly evil character, and Sisko's archenemy, by the show's conclusion. +more A StarTrek. com article about Star Treks greatest villains described Gul Dukat as "possibly the most complex and developed bad guy in Star Trek history".
Elim Garak, portrayed by Andrew Robinson, is the only Cardassian who remains on the space station when the Federation and the Bajorans take over. Although he maintains that he is merely a simple tailor, Garak is a former agent of the Obsidian Order, the feared Cardassian secret police; his skills and contacts on Cardassia prove invaluable on several occasions, and he becomes a pivotal figure in the war with the Dominion.
Damar (Casey Biggs) is introduced in season 4 as an aide to Gul Dukat, and he rises in stature as Dukat regains prominence. He becomes the leader of the Cardassian Union when Dukat has an emotional breakdown, but, dissatisfied with Cardassia's relationship with the Dominion, Damar forms and leads an insurgency against the Dominion, playing a vital role in its eventual defeat.
Jeffrey Combs has stated that he had auditioned for the role of William Riker on Star Trek: The Next Generation, but when Jonathan Frakes (who won the part) later directed the DS9 episode "Meridian", he recommended Combs for a part. Combs made his Star Trek and DS9 debut as a one-episode alien named Tiron, before being cast as two recurring characters, the Ferengi Brunt and the Vorta Weyoun. +more He would go on to appear in 31 episodes of DS9. In "The Dogs of War", he became one of the few Star Trek actors to play two unrelated roles (Brunt and Weyoun) in the same episode. He would later play the recurring role of Shran on Star Trek: Enterprise.
In addition to Quark and his brother Rom (Max Grodénchik), several other Ferengi had recurring roles, including their shrewd mother Ishka (Andrea Martin, later Cecily Adams), who eventually engineers a social revolution on Ferenginar; Rom's son Nog (Aron Eisenberg), the first Ferengi to join Starfleet; and Grand Nagus Zek (Wallace Shawn), the Ferengi leader. The Bajoran character Leeta (Chase Masterson), who works at Quark's bar and later marries Rom, is sometimes involved in the Ferengi storyline.
The Klingon Empire plays a significant role in DS9. Aside from Worf, recurring Klingon characters include Chancellor Gowron (Robert O'Reilly), leader of the Empire, who was introduced on The Next Generation, and General Martok (+more_G. _Hertzler'>J. G. Hertzler), a leader of the Klingon forces in the Dominion War, who succeeds Gowron as Chancellor when Gowron is killed by Worf late in the series. Kor, a Klingon character from Star Trek: The Original Series, appears in three DS9 episodes; one of them, "Blood Oath", unites Kor with two other Klingons from the original series: Koloth and Kang. John Colicos, William Campbell and Michael Ansara reprised their original series roles.
Morn is a minor character who is a fixture in Quark's establishment, sitting at the bar over the course of seven years. It became a running joke that, though the other characters remark on how talkative and funny he is, he never speaks a word on camera. +more Morn did have a line in the script for pilot episode "Emissary", but it was cut due to run time considerations, after which the creators conceived the joke that he never talks.
Ferengi
Nog (Star Trek)
Changeling (Star Trek)
Bajoran
Keiko O'Brien
Trill (Star Trek)
Borg (Star Trek)
Jadzia Dax
Bajoran Prophets
Star Trek: Deep Space Nine ran for seven seasons, from 1993 to 1999. The first season started half-way through the typical broadcast season running from fall to spring and had fewer episodes than typical Star Trek runs.
Major plotlines focus on several key Star Trek cultures, especially interactions between the Bajorans, Cardassians, Ferengi, Klingons, and the Federation. Each of these cultures is represented by major characters in the main or recurring cast.
Major arcs revolve around Bajor's recovery from Cardassian occupation; the Maquis, a rebellious Federation splinter group; and the Dominion, a hostile imperial power from the other side of the galaxy. The war between the Dominion and the Federation spans the last two seasons of the show, after tensions between the two gradually increase from the beginning of the third season. +more Throughout the series, loyalties and alliances change repeatedly: pacts with the Cardassians are made, broken, and remade; a short war with the Klingons flares up and is settled; Bajor grows into political stability; and formerly neutral powers are drawn into conflict.
Bajor
In the first episode, Starfleet Commander Benjamin Sisko arrives at Deep Space Nine, a space station formerly operated by the Cardassians during their oppressive occupation of the planet Bajor. He is assigned to run the station jointly with the newly liberated Bajorans as they recover from the Cardassian occupation, to help pave the way for Bajor's entry into the Federation. +more Sisko and Jadzia Dax stumble upon a wormhole leading to the distant Gamma Quadrant, and discover that it is inhabited by beings who are not bound by normal space and time. To the strongly religious people of Bajor, the wormhole aliens are their gods (the Prophets) and the wormhole itself is the long-prophesied Celestial Temple. Sisko is hailed as the Emissary of the Prophets, through whom the Prophets act.
Bajor's politics and religion, and Sisko's status within it, provide the basis for long-lasting story arcs. Early seasons show Bajor reckoning with the aftermath of occupation and establishing itself as a democracy. +more Meanwhile, Sisko initially considers his role as a religious icon with discomfort and skepticism, striving to keep his role as commander of the station distinct from any religious obligations that the Bajorans try to place on him. Later, he becomes more accepting of his role and, by the end of the series, he openly embraces it. He is often called upon to choose between his role as Emissary and his duties to Starfleet, as when he persuades the Bajorans to withdraw their application for Federation membership after receiving a vision from the Prophets. The political and religious implications of Sisko's status for Bajor and its spiritual leaders (most notably, Winn Adami) provide a central arc that lasts until the end of the series.
The Maquis
The station crew early on contends with a resistance group known as the Maquis. Rooted in the events of The Next Generation episode "Journey's End", in which Native American settlers refuse to leave when their planet is given to Cardassia as part of a treaty, the Maquis are an example of the show's exploration of darker themes: its members are Federation citizens who take up arms against Cardassia in defense of their homes, and some, such as Calvin Hudson, a long-time friend of Sisko's, and Michael Eddington, who defects while serving aboard the station, are Starfleet officers. +more The show's critique of traditional Star Trek themes can be seen in episodes such as "For the Cause", in which Eddington compares the Federation to the implacable alien hive mind known as the Borg: "At least [the Borg] tell you about their plans for assimilation. You assimilate people and they don't even know it. ".
The Dominion War
The second-season episode "Rules of Acquisition" marks the first mention of the Dominion, a ruthless empire in the Gamma Quadrant, though they are not fully introduced until the second-season finale, "The Jem'Hadar". It is led by "the Founders", a race of shape-shifting Changelings, the same species as DS9's security chief Odo. +more They were once persecuted by non-shape-shifters (whom they call "solids") and they seek to impose "order" upon any who could potentially harm them, which includes nearly all solids. The Founders have created or genetically modified races to serve them: their sly diplomats and administrators, the Vorta, and their fearless shock troops, the Jem'Hadar. These races worship the Founders as gods.
At the start of DS9s third season ("The Search"), with the threat of a Dominion attack looming from the other side of the wormhole, the USS Defiant, a prototype warship, is stationed at Deep Space Nine, providing an avenue for plot lines away from the station. With the third season, writers from the now completed The Next Generation began to write regularly for DS9.
In the middle seasons of the show, the Dominion foments discord to weaken the Alpha Quadrant powers, manipulating the Klingons into war with the Cardassians and almost inciting a coup d'état on Earth. In the fifth-season episode "By Inferno's Light" the Dominion annexes Cardassia, and goes to war with the other major powers of the Alpha Quadrant in the season finale "Call to Arms". +more The Dominion War tests Starfleet's commitment to its ethics; when the formerly neutral Romulans are persuaded to ally themselves with the Federation ("In the Pale Moonlight"), it is only through criminal and duplicitous acts on Sisko's part, thus providing an example of the moral ambiguity prevalent in DS9 in comparison to the other Star Trek series.
Another example of DS9s darker nature is the introduction of Section 31, a secret organization dedicated to preserving the Federation way of life at any cost. This shadowy group, introduced in "Inquisition", justifies its unlawful, unilateral tactics by claiming that it is essential to the continued existence of the Federation. +more Section 31 features prominently in several episodes of the Dominion War arc, especially as it is revealed that it attempted a genocide of the Founders.
The Ferengi
In DS9, the Ferengi are no longer an enemy of the Federation, but rather an economic power whose political neutrality is, for the most part, respected. A number of episodes explore their capitalistic nature, while others delve into the race's sexist social norms. +more Unlike their depiction in Star Trek: The Next Generation, where they were generally portrayed as sexist buffoons for comedic purposes, in DS9 they received a more complex depiction. Some Ferengi characters seek life paths outside the pursuit of profit, such as Nog, who becomes the first Ferengi to join Starfleet; others attempt to reform Ferengi society from within, such as Ishka, who leads a women's rights revolution on the Ferengi homeworld, and Rom, who leads a strike against unfair working conditions in Quark's bar.
The Mirror Universe
Several episodes of DS9 explore the Mirror Universe, first introduced in the Star Trek: The Original Series episode "Mirror, Mirror". In the second-season episode "Crossover", Kira and Dr. +more Bashir are accidentally sent to the Mirror Universe and discover that it is dominated by a ruthless Klingon-Cardassian alliance and Terrans (humans) are slaves. Over the course of five Mirror Universe episodes of DS9, the Terran workers form a resistance movement and eventually liberate themselves ("Through the Looking Glass", "Shattered Mirror", "Resurrection", "The Emperor's New Cloak").
The series was created by Rick Berman and Michael Piller at the request of Brandon Tartikoff, and was produced by Paramount Television. The original Star Trek series had been pitched as the science fiction equivalent to television westerns such as Wagon Train and DS9 was instead analogous to shows like The Rifleman, featuring a town or trading post right on the edge of the frontier. +more As overall head of Star Trek production, Berman served as executive producer for the series's entire run. Piller initially served as second executive producer and showrunner, but left the series in 1995 to manage Star Trek: Voyager. Writer Ira Steven Behr was promoted by Berman to replace Piller as showrunner and held that role for the remainder of the series. In addition to Berman, Piller, and Behr, key writers included Robert Hewitt Wolfe, Ronald D. Moore, Peter Allan Fields, Bradley Thompson, David Weddle, Hans Beimler and René Echevarria.
Several actors also directed episodes, including Avery Brooks who directed and starred in the critically acclaimed episode "Far Beyond the Stars".
DS9 was the first television series in the Star Trek franchise to use computer-generated imagery (CGI) for exterior space shots. Although a few other television series, like Babylon 5, were using CGI exclusively to avoid the high expense of model photography, the Star Trek franchise had continued to use primarily physical models for exterior space shots because producers decided models provided more realism. +more DS9 continued using models where needed, such as the Season 4 premiere and the alternate-universe episode "Shattered Mirror". During the battle sequences between the Federation and Klingon fleets, the effects department used Playmates toys, Ertl model kits and Hallmark Bird-of-Prey Christmas ornaments in the background in an effort to keep production costs down.
The USS Defiant was the first full-fledged starship in the Star Trek franchise to have a CGI model used in regular production. It was first built and animated by VisionArt, which was responsible for the morphing of Odo. +more The CGI Defiant was featured heavily in the Season 4 episode "Starship Down", where it battled a CGI Jem'Hadar ship in a CGI gas giant's atmosphere.
The series started using Foundation Imaging and Digital Muse in 1997 (Seasons 6 and 7) for its effects as part of the ongoing storyline of the Dominion occupation of the station. The station itself remained a physical model throughout the series' seven-year run except for the final scene of the series. +more In October 2006, the physical model of the station was sold for $132,000 in an auction at Christie's auction house in New York City.
The opening sequence was likewise modified in the fourth season, most notably by the introduction of CGI inserts of construction work being performed on the station's exterior by suited maintenance crews, and more docking and launching activity by ships, along with subtle colored wisps of nebulae added to the background starfield. Accordingly, the solo trumpet (preceded by a solo French horn) featured prominently in the main theme by Dennis McCarthy to accentuate the lonely isolation of the outpost was augmented by a chorus of brass as the station attained a more bustling atmosphere following the presence of the wormhole.
The digital effects were done in standard definition and thus the series cannot be re-released in HD format without re-doing the special effects.
Overall 176 episodes of Star Trek: Deep Space Nine would be produced with an average run-time of 43 minutes each. Geek.com calculated 126 hours of total viewing time for the series.
The show debuted in January 1993 with the double-episode "The Emissary", half-way through the 6th season of The Next Generation. This is the first time that two Star Trek franchise series aired concurrently, which would continue until DS9 ended in 1999, except for late 1994, when Next Generation ended and DS9 was alone on the air. +more But in the next year, Star Trek: Voyager aired on the then-new UPN network, so that once again two shows from the franchise aired.
The most acclaimed episodes of DS9 include these: "In the Pale Moonlight", in which Sisko wrestles with compromising his ethics to win the Dominion War; "The Visitor", in which an elderly Jake Sisko tries desperately to undo the loss of his father; and "Far Beyond the Stars", in which Sisko has a vision of himself as a writer coping with racism in 20th-century New York.
background: tan; color: white;"|Season 1
Although DS9s ratings remained solid, it was never as successful as the syndicated Star Trek: The Next Generation, with approximately 6% versus 11% of US households watching during sweeps months. However, it continued to perform better than its franchise sibling Star Trek: Voyager, which averaged around 5% according to the Nielsen ratings. +more One factor was the increasingly crowded syndicated marketplace, which provided viewers with a number of alternative television series to follow. Another factor was the minimal promotion for DS9, as Paramount focused its efforts on its flagship network series Star Trek: Voyager. From 1995 onwards, most of the independent stations joined new networks (UPN and The WB), and these primetime shows gradually pushed syndicated programming into less favorable time slots as the US television market expanded from four networks (in 1987 when TNG premiered) to six.
Critical reception
DS9 was well received by critics, with TV Guide describing it as "the best acted, written, produced, and altogether finest" Star Trek series. Though debuting in the shadow of The Next Generation, DS9 achieved a considerable level of success in its own right. +more According to a press release through Newswire on April 7, 1999, it was the #1 syndicated show in the United States for adults 18-49 and 25-54. The characters of DS9 were featured on the cover of TV Guide ten times during its run, including several "special issue" editions in which a set of four different-covered versions were printed.
The series won a number of awards. It was nominated for Emmy Awards every year of its run, including for makeup, cinematography, art direction, special effects, hairstyling, music (direction and composition), and costumes. +more Of these, it won two for makeup (for "Captive Pursuit" and "Distant Voices"), one for special visual effects (for "Emissary"), and one for its main title theme music (by composer Dennis McCarthy). It was also nominated for two Hugo Awards in the category of Best Dramatic Presentation for "The Visitor" and "Trials and Tribble-ations".
Deep Space Nine drew praise from African-American, Latino and other minority viewers for its handling of the minority characters, particularly the Sisko family members. In addition, actor Alexander Siddig (who portrayed Dr. +more Bashir) expressed his enthusiasm for the fact that he, with his English accent, unusual screen name at time of casting (Siddig El Fadil), and North African heritage was a main character on a prominent television series, despite not being as easily racially identifiable to audiences as many other TV actors and characters were at the time.
Andrew J. Robinson commented on DS9 not being as popular as its predecessors: "It's not the most popular because it's the most morally ambiguous. +more Whenever you have characters who are gray rather than black and white. Although they are more interesting, they are more difficult for people to get a handle on. I loved DS9 because they were gray, because the characters were not easily definable, but that's not for everybody".
Author Terry J. Erdmann commented: "DS9 was never as popular as its two predecessors, although it arguably was a more critically acclaimed series". +more In 2018, IndieWire ranked Star Trek: Deep Space Nine as the 3rd best space science fiction show set in outer space, while placing Star Trek (1966-1969) in 8th place and Star Trek: The Next Generation (1987-1994) in 12th place among other shows in this genre, including 18 overall.
In 2016, The Washington Post called the Dominion war arc possibly the "richest narrative" of the Star Trek universe, though the arc's only standout episode is "In the Pale Moonlight", which it ranked the 4th best episode of all Star Trek for highlighting the moral confusion and compromises that can occur during war. In 2016, the Los Angeles Times ranked DS9 third of all Star Trek films and TV series. +more In 2017, Vulture ranked it the best live-action Star Trek television show. In 2019, Popular Mechanics ranked it the 16th best science fiction television show ever. In 2021, Variety magazine ranked it ninth among Star Trek film and television series. In 2021, Empire magazine ranked it the 46th greatest television show ever, saying its seasons-long character and story arcs make it good for binge-watching.
Former cast members and staff
In a 2007 interview with If Magazine, George Takei, who had played the character Hikaru Sulu in The Original Series, criticized DS9 for being the polar opposite of Gene Roddenberry's philosophy and vision of the future. Writer +more_C. _Fontana'>D. C. Fontana thought that as a World War II veteran Roddenberry would have appreciated the show and its dark themes. Bjo Trimble, one of the major forces behind the letter-writing campaign that helped renew The Original Series for its third season, commented that she thought Roddenberry would have "come to like DS9, had he lived to see it", and that "the only reason there were not full battles in early Star Trek is lack of funds to pull it off, and lack of technology to show it. Otherwise, GR would certainly have added it; he knew what audiences liked".
Roddenberry is quoted in The Making of Star Trek DS9 as having doubts that a non-exploration show could work, and being displeased with early concepts presented to him in 1991. However, Rick Berman stated in the Star Trek: Deep Space Nine Companion that Roddenberry had given him his blessing for developing it close to his death.
At Shore Leave 14 in July 1992, Majel Barrett commented on Roddenberry's involvement, saying: "He knew about it, but he was not about to become involved. He had done what he wanted to do and that was it. +more He just wished them Godspeed and go ahead. And as long as the name Star Trek is on it, yes, the estate will have a part of the action. ".
Ronald D. +more Moore, one of the series' main writers (who previously wrote for Star Trek: The Next Generation and would go on to create the re-imagined Battlestar Galactica), praised the show as the "ultimate achievement for the [Star Trek] franchise" in 2002:.
I think Deep Space [Nine] was the show that really took Star Trek as far as you could take it. You have The Original Series which is a sort of a landmark, it changes everything about the way science fiction is presented on television, at least space-based science fiction. +more Then you have Next Generation which, for all of its legitimate achievements is still a riff on the original. It's still sort of like, ok, it's another star ship and it's another captain - it's different but it's still a riff on the original. Here comes Deep Space [Nine] and it just runs the table in a different way. It just says ok, you think you know what Star Trek is, let's put it on a space station, and let's make it darker. Let's make it a continuing story, and let's continually challenge your assumptions about what this American icon means. And I think it was the ultimate achievement for the franchise. Personally, I think it's the best of all of them, I think it's an amazing piece of work.
Scholarly reception
J. Emmett Winn, in his discussion of the portrayal of Ferengi, criticized the show for "perpetuat[ing] racial stereotypes and promot[ing] mainstream cultural assimilation as a noble, desirable quest and as the correct way for the racialized "other" to exist".
Since the end of the series many other scholars have addressed a variety of aspects of the show, including Victor Grech's analysis of the Cardassians as representing Nazis; Douglas Cowan's chapter looking at religion in science fiction "Heeding the Prophet's Call: Star Trek: Deep Space Nine"; and Roger A. Sneed's The Dreamer and The Dream: Afrofuturism and Black Religious Thought and Lisa Doris Alexander's article "Far Beyond the Stars: The Framing of Blackness in Star Trek: Deep Space Nine", both of which address the way Deep Space 9 broke new ground in depicting race in science fiction.
Babylon 5, another science fiction series with a similar premise, set on a space station, aired around the same period as Deep Space Nine. Babylon 5 creator +more_Michael_Straczynski'>J. Michael Straczynski indicated that Paramount Television was aware of his concept as early as 1989, when he attempted to sell the show to the studio, and provided them with the series bible, pilot script, artwork, lengthy character background histories, and plot synopses for 22 "or so planned episodes taken from the overall course of the planned series".
Paramount declined to produce Babylon 5, but later announced Deep Space Nine was in development, two months after Warner Bros. announced its plans for Babylon 5. +more Straczynski stated that, even though he was confident that Deep Space Nine producer/creators Rick Berman and Michael Piller had not seen this material, he suspected that Paramount executives used his bible and scripts to steer development of Deep Space Nine. He and Warners did not file suit against Paramount, largely because Straczynski did not see it as a productive option, with negative repercussions for both TV series. In 1993, he responded to a Deep Space Nine fan who saw the lack of legal action as proof that Straczynski's allegation was unfounded, "If there is any (to use your term) winking and nudging going on, it's on the level of 'Okay, YOU (Paramount) know what happened, and *I* know what happened, but let's try to be grownup about it for now,' though I must say that the shapechanging thing nearly tipped me back over the edge again. If there are no more major similarities that crop up in the next few weeks or months, with luck we can continue that way. ".
On June 30, 1993, between seasons one and two, DS9 followed the example of other Star Trek series in releasing the original score from its pilot episode on CD. The title theme was also made available as a CD single. +more Music from several other episodes is included on The Best of Star Trek releases.
Originally created in the hope that Frank Sinatra Jr. +more would take the role, the character Vic Fontaine (instead played by 1960s heart throb James Darren) was introduced in the sixth-season episode "His Way". The character was a self-aware holographic Las Vegas lounge singer and night club owner from the early 1960s. Vic was popular with the station's crew and performed many period songs by, among others, Frank Sinatra and Nat King Cole. Darren's role allowed him to release This One's from the Heart on August 24, 1999, featuring songs that Vic sang in the show and other period pieces.
On February 12, 2013, La La Land Records released a limited edition, four-disc soundtrack collection entitled the Star Trek: Deep Space Nine Collection. The discs contain various cues from episodes scored by Dennis McCarthy, Jay Chattaway, David Bell, Paul Baillargeon, John Debney, Richard Bellis and Gregory Smith. +more Only 3000 copies of the collection were printed.
Episodes of DS9 were made available on VHS cassettes. The series was released on VHS in the United Kingdom starting August 2, 1993. +more Each video cassette contained two episodes and unique artwork and character/plot information. The first VHS release in the United States came on November 19, 1996.
Beginning in 1996, DS9 began releases on LaserDisc. Picture and sound quality in this format was significantly better than that of VHS cassettes; however, the Laserdisc format was discontinued in 1997. +more Only 30 discs, or the first 60 episodes, were released, comprising the first, second and part of the third season before Pioneer halted its production of Star Trek laserdiscs in October 1999. DS9 LaserDiscs were also produced for the Japanese and European markets. In Japan, the first five seasons were released in a series of ten boxed sets (two per season) before they were cancelled around the same time as the US releases. In Europe, a select few DS9 episodes were released on PAL laserdisc: "Emissary", also included in the boxed set Star Trek: The Pilots; "The Way of the Warrior", parts 1 and 2; and "Trials and Tribble-ations" from DS9, "The Trouble with Tribbles" from Star Trek: The Original Series, and "More Tribbles, More Troubles" from Star Trek: The Animated Series.
Following the DVD release of Star Trek: The Next Generation in 2002, DS9 was released on DVD beginning in February 2003. DS9 was released in boxed sets of one season each, which were released approximately one month apart. +more Each season contains several "special features", including a biographical look at a main character, information from make-up designer Michael Westmore on how various aliens were created, and interviews with cast members and crew members.
The sets also include "Section 31" easter eggs that give a brief look at other aspects of the series. The Region 2 and 4 DVDs also come with bonus CD-ROM discs that allow users to build a "virtual" DS9 on their computer with each release (this software can no longer be installed as the on-line registration is no longer available). +more On October 26, 2004, a boxed set of all seven season sets was also released.
In 2017, the complete series was released on a DVD box set, with 176 episodes on 48 discs; the set also included a variety of extras that was the same as those on the 2003 Box Set. An example of bonus content is a featurette
Deep Space Nine: A Bold New Beginning".
In 2017, Ira Steven Behr announced he had reconvened much of the former cast and crew of Deep Space Nine for a documentary film entitled What We Left Behind. It had a very positive response and surpassed its fundraising goals, and this success led to ground-breaking conversions of Deep Space Nine footage into higher definition although it caused some delays. +more A screening version was released in late 2018 in Hollywood, New York, and at the Destination Star Trek convention in the UK.
By February 2017, the documentary was partially finished, with an Indiegogo fundraising page set up to crowdsource the rest of the money needed to complete it. In addition to interviews with cast and crew, the documentary will explore Deep Space Nines legacy; Behr also reconvened the series' old writers' room to develop a script for the first episode of an imagined eighth season, which will be featured in the film. +more In 2017, a tentative release date was set for 2018. In the summer of 2018, the makers scheduled special release events starting in October 2018. A version was able to be screened at these special release events at Paramount in Hollywood and some other locations, but a decision was made to delay the media release to increase the amount of high-definition conversions.
In 2017, a fundraiser for the documentary surpassed its target of nearly $150,000 within a day of going live. It went on to raise over $500,000 by March 2017, almost four times the amount requested. +more When it concluded it had raised over $631,000 from thousands of donations.
Development of What We Left Behind took extra time due in part to the large amount of material for editing and technical challenges. This includes crafting special effects footage and working with CBS to make high-definition scans. +more The makers also expanded the amount of footage that is being remastered, and innovated with a 16:9 scan of the original DS9 film.
In August 2018, it was announced the documentary would have original music scored by Star Trek veterans Dennis McCarthy (256 Star Trek episodes scored) and Kevin Kiner (10 Star Trek episodes scored). The documentary's producer is Kai de Mello-Folsom, in consultation with others from the original creative team including Star Trek franchise legends such as Michael Okuda, Jonathan West, and Doug Drexler.
It premiered in late 2018 at the following locations:
* Los Angeles, October 12 * New York City, October 14 * Birmingham, UK, October 20, during the Destination Star Trek convention
The strong community support and overall response, as well as the creative team's access to resources to create the high-definition sequences led to a delay to increase the sequences filmed in higher definition for the documentary. Although the screening version was complete and could have been released as-is, a creative decision was made to undertake converting more sequences into high definition. +more One teaser showed concept art of a Star Trek spacecraft, which appears in the documentary in an animated sequence. The spacecraft design was by John Eaves, who designed many spacecraft in the franchise's television shows and theatrical films.
On May 13, 2019, there was a limited theatrical release. It played at about 800 theaters and grossed over $380,000. +more The film reviewed various aspects of the series from a perspective of twenty years later, explored a plot for a notional eighth season, and included many clips re-scanned from original footage in high definition.
On Rotten Tomatoes it has an approval rating of 100% based on reviews from 9 critics.
Pocket Books has published several dozen books based on DS9. Some of these were novelizations of memorable episodes, such as "Emissary", "The Search" and "What You Leave Behind", which were usually published a few days after the episode aired in the United States. +more Several novels were part of "crossover" series between the Star Trek franchises, while others were part of other franchises but dealt with events laid out in DS9. For example, The Battle of Betazed tells of how Deanna Troi attempted to resist the Dominion occupation of her world (mentioned in the episode "In the Pale Moonlight"). Most focus on the station and its crew, with a notable exception being Ira Steven Behr and Robert Hewitt Wolfe's Legends of the Ferengi.
The "Millennium" series by Judith and Garfield Reeves-Stevens, published by Pocket Books beginning in 2000, consists of The Fall of Terok Nor (book 1), The War of the Prophets (book 2), and Inferno (book 3). The series lays out an alternate ending to DS9 (the novels were actually written before the series concluded) in which a second wormhole is created by the actions of a number of shady characters, destroying the station. +more In the space-time distortion that occurs, most of the crew are transported 25 years into the future-a future in which the Federation and its allies are virtually crushed and a fanatical sect of Bajorans who worships the Pah-wraiths have ascended to power and plan to destroy the universe to bring about a higher state of existence. Inferno ends the series as an unexpected mode of time travel is discovered after the end of the universe, allowing the DS9 crew to alter past events.
Avatar, a two-part novel published on May 1, 2001, picked up where the series left off. It began season 8 of DS9, into which A Stitch in Time (a biographical look at the life of Garak, written by Andrew Robinson himself) was incorporated retroactively. +more The events of "What You Leave Behind", DS9s series finale, caused some radical changes to occur in Season 8. As Benjamin Sisko had entered the Celestial Temple, Colonel Kira was given command of the station while a new commander named Elias Vaughn took over her position, Garak became the leader of post-war Cardassia, Odo helped the Changelings rebuild, and Rom presided over the Ferengi Alliance.
Other publications, such as the Deep Space Nine Technical Manual and Deep Space Nine Companion, are common to most of the Trek series. The DS9 Companion contains detailed episode guides and interviews with actors, writers, directors and other staff members.
DS9 series influences were included in role-playing game reference books from Last Unicorn Games and Decipher, Inc. +more Additionally, several novels have also been released in audio form, narrated by René Auberjonois and Armin Shimerman among others.
Outside its line of novels, DS9 has been the subject of several comic books published by Malibu Comics, Wildstorm Comics, Marvel Comics and IDW. One-Marvel's Starfleet Academy-is a spin-off detailing Nog's experiences as a cadet at the title academy in San Francisco. +more Another DS9 comic series became an example of licensed Star Trek works influencing each other as Tiris Jast, a major character from Wildstorm's N-Vector, appeared in the novel Avatar, Book One.
Several video games focus on DS9. The first is Crossroads of Time, a 1995 side-scrolling game for the Super NES and Genesis. +more It takes place around the time of the series premiere, borrowing some stories from early episodes such as "Past Prologue" and creating others. A number of problems reportedly impeded the game's development process, and it was met with mixed reactions.
Three DS9-themed games were released for the PC: Harbinger in 1996, The Fallen in 2000, and Dominion Wars in 2001. A board game was released as part of the now-defunct "component board game" series, which includes a compatible board game for Star Trek: The Next Generation. +more DS9s role-playing book is one of several that failed to be released into wide circulation when Decipher, then publisher of the Star Trek role-playing game, discontinued its line.
DS9 is featured prominently in the Star Trek Customizable Card Game, particularly its second edition. In the first edition, Deep Space Nine is the titular fifth set, followed by one titled "The Dominion" and several other DS9-themed sets. +more In the second edition, there are two types of cards for the United Federation of Planets, which may be placed at Earth or Deep Space Nine. The Ferengi, Dominion, Cardassian, Bajoran, and Maquis affiliations are primarily DS9-derived material, while the Klingon affiliation also borrows strongly from it.
The PC game Star Trek Online features Deep Space Nine as a trading hub. The lower ring (The Promenade) contains vendors, and the upper ring offers views of surrounding space. +more The expansion Victory is Life is focused around DS9 and the Gamma Quadrant.
In 2019, the Star Trek: Deep Space Nine - Red Alert video game gambling machine was announced, with a tie-in promotion to the Las Vegas Star Trek convention.
Along with the rest of the Star Trek franchise, DS9 has had much merchandising including Action figures, keychains, and models. The station itself is the subject of many of these items. +more Paramount sells Starfleet uniforms, including the so-called "DS9-style" uniform with various division colors.
DS9 was represented at Star Trek: The Experience, an attraction at the Las Vegas Hilton with an immersive reenactment of the DS9 universe, as an adventure on the bridge of the Enterprise and on DS9. Staffed by costumed actors, Quark's Bar & Restaurant served Star Trek-style cuisine, and hosted gatherings such as conventions. +more The Shopping Promenade sold souvenirs such as "official" Starfleet uniforms and action figures. The attraction closed in September 2008.
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Updated June 28, 2019. All listings are U.S. Pacific Daylight time. Add 3 hours for Eastern, 8 for London time.
Noon to 2 PM (8 to 10 PM in London): Joe's Joint with Joe Paton
Relaxing music for your Sunday from Joe Paton. An emphasis on jazz, but some other genres included.
2 to 5 PM: Oldies And More with Radio Rick
An in-depth look at the 50s into the 70s. A mix of the big hits and other songs of interest, including album tracks and regional tunes. Fun mandatory, gloom prohibited!
5 to 8 PM: It's Country! with Deb
Pre-recorded for first airing on July 7. Replaying July 11. Deb plays your favorite country, from the classics to the best from today. This show will be replayed Thursday, July 11. Subsequent country shows will be live on Sundays and replayed on Thursdays, at least for now.
4 to 7 PM Pacific (7 to 10 PM Eastern): Tuesday Night Of Gold with Ron Stein
Ron Stein brings you three hours of music from his vast record and CD collection. Features and themes are a major part of the show. A diverse selection of oldies, some not heard anywhere else. Mibbit Web Chat for this show only Put your nickname in the nick field. In the channel field, type (or paste) #tnog
11 AM to 3 PM: Replay: Radio Rick's Home Town Countdown
Counting down the hits from a local radio station survey from the first two decades of rock-and-roll. Lots of extras and regional favorites. The countdown airs live Saturday nights 6 till at least 9 PM.
3 to 5 PM (11 PM to 1 AM Thursday London time): Replay: Paton Place with Joe and Lyn Paton
Lyn and Joe bring you a wide variety of music, lots of humor, and even do some happily married sniping, whatever that is. An entertaining two hours in which anything can happen, and often does. A replay of the show from the prior Thursday.
Noon to 2 PM Pacific (8 to 10 PM London time): Paton Place with Joe and Lyn Paton
Lyn and Joe bring you a wide variety of music, lots of humor, and even do some happily married sniping, whatever that is. An entertaining two hours in which anything can happen, and often does.
Not airing on July 4. 5 to 8 PM: Replay: It's Country with Deb
Deb plays your favorite country, from the classics to the best from today. No replay if there isn't a country show on Sunday. The July 11 airing will be a replay from Sunday, July 7. At least temporarily, starting July 14, the live show airs Sunday with the replay on Thursday.
On Hiatus: 7 to 9 AM: A New Song with Deb
Contemporary Christian music designed to uplift and encourage you. Conversation and requests as well. A New Song will likely return in a different time slot.
5 to 9 PM: Radio Rick's Top Shelf Oldies Show
The Ride brings you my Top Shelf Oldies show, focusing on requests and more obscure tracks.
8 to 10 AM: Saturday Morning Oldies
Rick and Deb interact with you, as well as playing music from the first two decades of the rock era.
Noon to 2 PM (8 to 10 PM London time) on the second Saturday of each month: The Crock Pot
Lyn and Joe Paton play a variety of music in the first hour, then Joe rocks the house for the last half of the show.
5 to 6 PM: Matt The Cat's Juke In The Back
Matt The Cat plays the soul before rock-and-roll, the 40's and 50's R&B that paved the way for rock to enter the mainstream. Includes lots of info on the artists and record companies involved.
6 till 9 PM Or Later: Radio Rick's Home Town Countdown
Counting down the hits from a local radio station survey from the first two decades of rock-and-roll. Lots of extras and regional favorites. Usually runs three hours, sometimes up to four.
This page includes all of the currently scheduled live and feature programming on Ride Radio. When no scheduled program is on, we run automated oldies from our ever-growing library of nearly 40,000 songs.
Thanks for riding with us!


text:
"""NetVLAD keras layer."""

import math
import tensorflow as tf
from typeguard import typechecked

@tf.keras.utils.register_keras_serializable(package="Addons")
class NetVLAD(tf.keras.layers.Layer):
    """Applies NetVLAD to the input.

    This is a fully-differentiable version of "Vector of Locally Aggregated Descriptors" commonly used in image
    retrieval.

    See [NetVLAD: CNN architecture for weakly supervised place recognition](https://arxiv.org/abs/1511.07247), and.
    [Towards Learning a Universal Non-Semantic Representation of Speech](https://arxiv.org/abs/2002.12764)

    Args:
        num_clusters: The number of clusters to use.
    Input shape:
        3D tensor with shape: `(batch_size, time, feature_dim)`.
    Output shape:
        2D tensor with shape: `(batch_size, feature_dim * num_clusters)`.
    """

    @typechecked
    def __init__(self, num_clusters: int, **kwargs):
        super().__init__(**kwargs)
        if num_clusters <= 0:
            raise ValueError("`num_clusters` must be greater than 1: %i" % num_clusters)
        self.num_clusters = num_clusters

    def build(self, input_shape):
        """Keras build method."""
        feature_dim = input_shape[-1]
        if not isinstance(feature_dim, int):
            feature_dim = feature_dim.value
        self.fc = tf.keras.layers.Dense(
            units=self.num_clusters,
            activation=tf.nn.softmax,
            kernel_regularizer=tf.keras.regularizers.l2(1e-5),
        )
        self.cluster_centers = self.add_weight(
            name="cluster_centers",
            shape=(1, feature_dim, self.num_clusters),
            initializer=tf.keras.initializers.TruncatedNormal(
                stddev=1.0 / math.sqrt(feature_dim)
            ),
            trainable=True,
        )
        super(NetVLAD, self).build(input_shape)

    def call(self, frames):
        """Apply the NetVLAD module to the given frames.

        Args:
            frames: A tensor with shape [batch_size, max_frames, feature_dim].

        Returns:
            A tensor with shape [batch_size, feature_dim * num_clusters].

        Raises:
            ValueError: If the `feature_dim` of input is not defined.
        """
        frames.shape.assert_has_rank(3)
        feature_dim = frames.shape.as_list()[-1]
        if feature_dim is None:
            raise ValueError("Last dimension must be defined.")
        max_frames = tf.shape(frames)[-2]

        # Compute soft-assignment from frames to clusters.
        # Essentially: softmax(w*x + b), although BN can be used instead of bias.
        frames = tf.reshape(frames, (-1, feature_dim))
        activation = self.fc(frames)
        activation = tf.reshape(activation, (-1, max_frames, self.num_clusters))

        # Soft-count of number of frames assigned to each cluster.
        # Output shape: [batch_size, 1, num_clusters]
        a_sum = tf.math.reduce_sum(activation, axis=-2, keepdims=True)

        # Compute sum_{i=1}^N softmax(w_k * x_i + b_k) * c_k(j),
        # for all clusters and dimensions.
        # Output shape: [batch_size, feature_dim, num_clusters]
        a = a_sum * self.cluster_centers

        # Compute sum_{i=1}^N softmax(w_k * x_i + b_k) * x_i(j),
        # for all clusters and dimensions.
        # Output shape: (batch_size, feature_dim, num_clusters)
        frames = tf.reshape(frames, (-1, max_frames, feature_dim))
        b = tf.transpose(
            tf.matmul(tf.transpose(activation, perm=(0, 2, 1)), frames), perm=(0, 2, 1)
        )

        # Output shape: (batch_size, feature_dim, num_clusters)
        vlad = b - a

        # Normalize first across the feature dimensions.
        vlad = tf.nn.l2_normalize(vlad, 1)

        # Output shape: [batch_size, feature_dim * num_clusters]
        vlad = tf.reshape(vlad, (-1, feature_dim * self.num_clusters))

        # Renormalize across both the feature dimensions (already normalized) and
        # the cluster centers.
        vlad = tf.nn.l2_normalize(vlad, 1)

        return vlad

    def compute_output_shape(self, input_shape):
        input_shape = tf.TensorShape(input_shape).as_list()
        return tf.TensorShape([input_shape[0], input_shape[-1] * self.num_clusters])

    def get_config(self):
        config = {"num_clusters": self.num_clusters}
        base_config = super().get_config()
        return dict(list(base_config.items()) + list(config.items()))

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Little Dutch Bead Maze RAINBOW pink. This wonderful rainbow-shaped bead maze is fun and trains the child's dexterity and motor skills. Also it is very decorative! The rainbow has four arches and each holds ten beads. Material: Metal, Wood, non-toxic water-based paint. Size: 27,5 cm x 6 cm. Age: 12 months+.


text:
My favorite nutrition-researcher, Jenny Thompson, has this to say about eggs today:
Do not fear the egg. Embrace the egg. (Metaphorically, of course. Not literally.)
Even better than we thought
A University of Alberta (UA) press release calls eggs "one of nature's perfect foods." And that's not an overstatement.
For years, I've been defending the egg as one of the most nutritious dietary choices you can make. Don't believe anyone who tells you an egg is a heart-harming cholesterol bomb.
Eggs are loaded with nutrients, including omega-3 fatty acids and essential amino acids. You also get vitamins D and E, and a host of B vitamins. And then round that out with ample minerals: calcium, potassium, and iron.
And now, according to UA researchers, eggs are even better than we thought.
Two years ago, I told you about another trial from UA. In that study, they showed that digestive enzymes convert egg proteins into peptides that lower high blood pressure.
This new trial reveals that peptides in egg yolks are a very rich source of antioxidants. Analysis shows that two uncooked yolks contain the same level of antioxidants as an apple.
The key word is "uncooked." Cooking reduced antioxidants by half. Even so, a poached or boiled egg (with the yolk unbroken) still delivers a good antioxidant punch.
But there's an important angle the Alberta team doesn't address: the free-range factor
Eggs analyzed in this new study came from chickens fed wheat and corn. But that's not a normal diet for a chicken.
Research shows that organically raised free-range chickens produce eggs with significantly better nutrition.
In a study I told you about a few years ago, free-range eggs contained three times more omega-3 than conventionally raised eggs. Also, twice as much vitamin E, 40 percent more vitamin A, 50 percent more folate, and 70 percent more vitamin B-12.
That's a huge benefit!
And the eggs were much safer too. A UK government survey showed that eggs from chickens raised in factory farm cages are FIVE TIMES more likely to test positive for salmonella compared to eggs from organic, free-range birds.
Note to the Alberta team: Try testing a few free-range eggs and I'll bet your antioxidant numbers soar!