Education secretary Damian Hinds has unveiled plans to get more youngsters playing competitive sports in school.
Mr Hinds outlined proposals for a school sports action plan at the Conservative Party Conference that will seek to train more sports teachers and coaches to boost sports opportunities for pupils.
Set to be published next spring, a number of high profile sports organisations, ranging from the Premier League and the FA to the RFU and England Netball, are set to contribute.
Increasing participation in sport is viewed as a key target, as figures from the Department for Digital, Culture, Media and Sport show a decline in the number of five to ten-year-olds taking part in organised school sports competitions.
In 2017, 55.6% of people in that age bracket took part in competitive sports, compared to 62.4% a summer previously.
The action plan, compiled by Mr Hinds in partnership with sports minister Tracy Crouch, will also attempt to "increase the profile of competitive sport between schools".
Mr Hinds said that despite the introduction, and subsequent doubling, of the PE and sports premium, more can still be done.
"We need to go further to ensure that every child, whatever their background, has the opportunity to explore different kinds of sport and take part in competitions in the one – or the many – that they enjoy," he said.
The primary PE and sports premium enables schools to receive funding in the region of £18,000 for enhancing the sport and PE provision on offer.
Sport England has also pledged to boost secondary school PE teacher numbers by an estimated 17,000, by committing £13.5 million between now and 2021.
The approach is designed to "help foster a more positive attitude to physical education" and is run in partnership with the Teaching Schools Council following a successful pilot earlier in 2018.
Around 90% of English schools are also signed up to School Games, a framework designed to promote all pupils, including those with disabilities, to participate in a meaningful sports competition.


I've wanted to be a published author since I was at primary school. I finished my first novel (one about unicorns, called 'Waterfall Mountain'!) when I was in my early teens. It was a portal fantasy involving, well, unicorns. Anyway… I wrote a lot of animal stories. I blame the late, great, Brian Jacques and his fantastic Redwall books. The first novel I wrote (and finished) about people was called The Kingdom of Malinas.
I was sixteen. At that age, you think everything you do is awesome. I wanted this book published.
Bear in mind, the internet wasn't really a thing when I was sixteen. All I could do was go to the library and read the Writers' and Artists' Yearbook.
First thing to do now when you want to self-publish? Get on the internet. Join forums. Check out Absolute Write. Do not send your MS to every vaguely accepting-sounding publisher you can find and then give up when you get an endless stream of rejections.
I self-published because I was young and impatient and I was lured in by all the vanity presses telling me that all the best authors of old are self-published, and it's cheap! And easy! And you will earn millions!
I ended up in contact with Minerva Press (they no longer exist) but, luckily for me, quickly realised they were a vanity press. While looking for real self-publishing companies, I came across Trafford.
The Kingdom of Malinas was published by Trafford Press first of all. I did all the editing, the layout, the design – my brother did my front cover. I paid Trafford money. I made nothing.
My second bit of advice? Do NOT pay a publishing company anything to publish your book. Just don't. Pay an editor, yes. Pay to get copies of your book, of course. But don't fork out money just because you're eager to be an author. Research. A lot.
After a few years (and TKoM is no longer published by Trafford), I chose Lulu. I rewrote my novel to the best of my ability at the time, and, this time round, hired a professional artist to design the cover.
This is my third bit of advice. HIRE AN ARTIST. Unless you're an artist yourself. In which case, I'm very jealous. I found my artist through DeviantArt. She was fantastic, and her cover is the one I still use. You must find an artist who is good at design, too, one who'll know how to give you a good font.
Font is what lets a lot of self-published books down. The titles and author names often look terrible and, to me, are usually the biggest giveaway that the book is self-published (not a bad thing, but will put some people off).
Do not let your little brother do your cover art. Unless – same as above – he is an artist.
If you're not confident of your editing abilities, or if you just want one, hire an editor. Get beta readers too.
A couple of years ago, I finally decided to rewrite TKoM again. For the final time. And this time, I published through Smashwords and Amazon as an ebook only. This is great because you don't have to pay anything. You don't need to buy proof copies, you see.
1. Research. Don't rush into anything.
2. Don't pay a publishing company.
3. Hire an artist and editor.
28 August: Teresa Edgerton - advantages of self-publishing when reprinting a back catalogue [initially traditionally published].


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Karl Lagerfeld dead at 85
Elias Jahshan
// Karl Lagerfeld dead at 85
// French media reports say he died in Paris after period of illness
// Iconic designer was the creative director of Chanel, Fendi and his own eponymous label
The creative mastermind behind some of the world's most recognisable luxury fashion retailers, Karl Lagerfeld, has died.
According to French magazine Closer, Lagerfeld died on Tuesday morning in Paris at the age of 85 following a bout of illness.
Another French magazine, Paris Match, shared a similar report.
The acclaimed German fashion designer is best known for being artistic director of French luxury brand Chanel, where he had been since 1983.
He was simultaneously the designer for Fendi and his own label, Karl Lagerfeld, and has previously collaborated with H&M.
Lagerfeld's death comes after he missed the Chanel haute couture show in Paris in January for the first time.
LVMH chief executive Bernard Arnault, whose firm owns Fendi and a host of other luxury retailers, said: "With the passing of Karl Lagerfeld we have lost a creative genius who helped to make Paris the fashion capital of the world and Fendi one of the most innovative Italian houses.
"We owe him a great deal: his taste and talent were the most exceptional I have ever known.
"Artistic director of Jean Patou in 1959, creator of Fendi since 1965, member of the LVMH Prize jury since its creation in 2013, he honored the LVMH group with an extraordinarily
stimulating creative and entrepreneurial friendship.
"I will always remember his immense imagination, his ability to conceive new trends for every season, his inexhaustible energy, the virtuosity of his drawings, his carefully
guarded independence, his encyclopedic culture, and his unique wit and eloquence.
"The death of this dear friend deeply saddens me, my wife and my children. We loved and admired him deeply. Fashion and culture has lost a great inspiration."
LOVstay February 20, 2019 at 1:44 am
The end of an era! RIP Karl Lagerfeld. Moment of sadness to the fashion world. A true LEGEND with a truly beautiful spirit.
LVMH buys Tiffany for €14.7bn
£12bn takeover bid on Tiffany after LVMH raises offer
Luxury e-tailer Xupes opens first UK retail store
Kardashian family launches resale platform selling items "directly from our closets"
Luxury brands left struggling from Hong Kong protests
N Brown hires Sarah Welsh to newly created role of retail...

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Practice & Study Resources
Slow on the Uptake
Chogyam Trungpa on Path Without Goal
Chögyam Trungpa on Spiritual Materialism
Homage to the Only Father Guru
Reflections on Kalapa
Namkha Drimed and Shambhala International
Money Flows Diagrammed
Keeping Alive the Transmissions
FAQ – Shambhala
FAQ – This Site
Radio Free Shambhala is an open space for all those inspired by the Shambhala Vision and the Buddhadharma Without Credentials of Chögyam Trungpa.
For an introduction to this web site, listen to Podcast #1, Let Dark Matter Self-Illuminate.
Shambhala refers both to Chögyam Trungpa's vision of an enlightened society, and to the community of people, his students whether old or young, who aspire to realize that vision. In the traditional language of body/speech/mind, this is body.
Radio refers to speech, to voice expressing through written words, audio, and video, in public and in person, whether through the web or in the same room.
Free is the confidence of unfabricated open space – gentle, confident, and gallant. It is the mind aspect, not shrinking from seeing things as they are, and not sucked into reactive modes. It is celebratory, and it is amused.
Radio Free Shambhala is not affiliated with Shambhala International, a Shambhala Buddhist church. It has arisen because many people, both within and outside that organization, are looking for further means to connect to and to fulfill their inspiration, to think bigger. This is true for those whose emphasis is on the Buddhadharma way and lineage of Chogyam Trungpa, and for those, who may or may not be buddhists, who see his Shambhala Vision as a secular/sacred way of meeting this world and society. We hope that the Radio Free Shambhala web site will be one of many vehicles for communicating about this view, its practice, and its action in this world.
The intention of Radio Free Shambhala is simple: to provide an open space for practitioners of Shambhala Vision. We are hosting your voices, but may not necessarily agree with any particular view. We will, however, work with you to protect the genuineness of that open space, through all that we are learning about right speech, decorum, conquering aggression, and action in the world.
We have two guidelines for all the expressions on this site:
Meet your fear; do not be afraid; be a warrior.
Be a warrior without anger.
Ed Michalik saw the need for such a site, and suggested the name Radio Free Shambhala in a conversation with Mark Szpakowski at Just Us Café in Halifax in Spring 2008.
Howard Harawitz provided the podcast intro music and technical support for podcasts.
Mark Szpakowski is site administrator.
Barbara Blouin, Andrew Safer, and Mark Szpakowski are site editors.
Juliete (Judith) Ferris is chaos dakini and Chögyam Trungpa representative.
If you would like to contribute to the site, please see the Submissions page.
All content, unless otherwise noted, is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-Share Alike 3.0 Unported License.
Shambhala Ownership and Control
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Tribute to Suzanne Duarte
Women and the Dharma
Knower of the Three Times
Open Dojo
Merton & Trungpa
How to Invoke Magic and Revitalize the Third Jewel
Chögyam Trungpa – Tribute 2011
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A Study of Monthly Review's Marxist Political Science in the Twenty-First Century: A View from China
Cheng Enfu and Fu Hao
Since 2000, Monthly Review has focused on the current world situation, pursuing the all-round development of Marxist studies. In this way, it has helped create a significant new trend within the U.S. left, especially in Marxist political science.
Marxism and STS: From Marx and Engels to COVID-19 and COP26
Helena Sheehan
At the recent conference of the Society for the Social Study of Science, I came to the conclusion that the history of Marxism in relation to science and technology studies is an increasingly forgotten story.
Daraja Press
Moving Beyond Capitalist Agriculture: Could Agroecology Prevent Further Pandemics?
Rob Wallace
The current complex of COVID-induced crises fits hand-in-glove with the system's "normal" operation. Stability has been the delusional realm of a small sliver of the Global North, awash in post-World War Two imperialism and the repeated reinvention (and re-imposition) of various plantation systems of cheap and racialized labor.
Boring From Within the Bourgeois Press: Part One
A. Kent MacDougall
Eugene V. Debs may be my all-time favorite American and Karl Marx my all-time favorite journalist. But my employer for a decade was The Wall Street Journal, and for another decade it was the Los Angeles Times.
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Listen: Communes, the rural and the urban, and the shadows of bureaucratization (Authors of "Venezuela, The Present as Struggle" on Cosmonaut) December 20, 2021
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We Must Return to the Future January 1, 2022 La Tizza Collective
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Home Lifestyle Health Popping balloons can cause hearing loss
Popping balloons can cause hearing loss
If you thought bursting balloons at a birthday party is plain fun, think again! Researchers have found that popping balloons can be louder than shotgun blasts — and can lead to permanent hearing loss.
"We are not saying don't play with balloons and don't have fun, just try to guard against popping them. Hearing loss is insidious — every loud noise that occurs has a potential lifelong impact," said one of the researchers Bill Hodgetts from University of Alberta in Canada.
The researchers measured the noise generated by bursting balloons and were startled to find that the impact, at its highest level, was comparable to a high-powered shotgun going off next to someone's ear.
Wearing ear protection and using a high-pressure microphone and a preamplifier, the researchers measured the noise effects by busting balloons three different ways: popping them with a pin, blowing them up until they ruptured and crushing them until they burst.
The loudest bang was made by the ruptured balloon at almost 168 decibels, four decibels louder than a 12-gauge shotgun, according to the study published in the journal Canadian Audiologist.
The Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety recommends that the maximum impulse level any Canadian should experience should not exceed 140 decibels. Even one exposure could be considered potentially unsafe to hearing for both children and adults.
"It's amazing how loud the balloons are," Dylan Scott, also of University of Alberta, noted.
"Nobody would let their child shoot something that loud without hearing protection, but balloons don't cross people's minds," Scott pointed out.
The results for the other two methods were slightly lower, but still a concern, he said.
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Take the Load off your Blood Pressure
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Optimal Blood Pressure Helps Our Brains Age Slower: Study


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/ Group - The Kinks
4 People in sitter grouping:
Formed in 1963, by the Davies brothers in North London, The Kinks are known as one of the seminal bands of the Sixties, with hits including You Really Got Me, Sunny Afternoon and Waterloo Sunset making them a success at home and in America. Credited with influencing their musical contemporaries, including The Who, The Kinks' legacy is still recognised today for its long-lasting influence on Britpop bands such as Blur and Oasis.
Ray Davies
Musician, singer and songwriter for 'The Kinks'
Sitter in 15 portraits
Mick Avory
Musician; drummer for The Kinks
Dave Davies
Musician; member of The Kinks
Pete Quaife
Musician; bassist for The Kinks


If you're like most Americans, you've changed employers a few times throughout your working career. In fact, the average person switches jobs 12 times during his or her lifetime!
While job hopping can get you a variety of experience, it can also create some complexity managing your finances – specifically when it comes to the money you've saved in employer-sponsored retirement plans such as a 401(k) or profit sharing plan.
Every time you leave a job where you contributed money to an employer-sponsored retirement plan, you are faced with the dilemma of determining how to handle those old plans. Naturally, each time you must ask yourself: what should I do with this account?
Generally, you have four options.
Your first option may be straightforward – simply leave the account invested in your former employer's retirement plan.
Some employers may allow you to keep your retirement savings invested in their plan after you change jobs or retire. That allows your savings to retain tax-advantaged growth potential until you withdraw it.
Additionally, if your former employer has a plan that provides access to low-cost "institutional" funds, you may be able to continue investing in those funds. Generally, they are less expensive than the funds available in a typical individual retirement account. Those two reasons alone can justify leaving your account invested in your former employer's plan.
However, managing more than one employer-sponsored retirement plan can become difficult over time.
For example, it may prove challenging to keep track of individual account statements from each employer-sponsored plan and effectively manage your investments if they are spread across different accounts.
Additionally, even though you may be able to leave your account invested in your former employer's plan, you are bound by the plan's rules and restrictions on investments as well as any extra restrictions for former employees.
2. Transfer your assets to your new employer's plan.
If your new employer provides you with access to a retirement plan, then you may be able to transfer your retirement assets into your new employer's plan. Having your retirement plan accounts in one location may make them easier to manage and allow you to maintain the tax-deferred status.
There are a few things to consider when evaluating this option.
First, ask your new employer whether their plan allows you to transfer your retirement assets from your former employer's plan and if there is a waiting period before enrollment in the new retirement plan is allowed.
Second, review the new plan's investment options and determine whether they are better than your previous plan. It is important to keep your money where it has the best growth potential.
Third, determine when you can access your savings in the new employer's plan without incurring penalties.
3. Take a lump-sum distribution.
Taking a lump-sum distribution means you have immediate access to your savings, allowing you to use that money however you wish.
However, depending on your age, this option can be costly because you may incur early withdrawal penalties and taxes may be levied by the IRS. Specifically, significant tax consequences and penalties may apply if you withdraw the funds before age 59½.
As with any financial decision, make sure you understand the tax implications before cashing out of your employer-sponsored retirement plan.
4. Rollover your assets into an Individual Retirement Account (IRA).
A rollover transfers your retirement assets held in an employer-sponsored retirement plan directly into a traditional IRA or a Roth IRA. Where the funds land between the two depends upon which option you are eligible for and which is allowed based upon tax rules.
Keep in mind, you are likely to pay more in fees and expenses if you roll over your assets to an IRA than you may pay in an employer-sponsored plan.
Additionally, if you hold company stock, Net Unrealized Appreciation (NUA) allows only the cost basis of the company shares to be subject to tax at the time of distribution and the difference to be taxed when the stock is sold. In this case, the favorable tax treatment of NUA is lost if the shares are rolled into an IRA.
Along with keeping your money in a tax-advantaged plan, you may have broader investment options compared to what was originally available in your employer-sponsored plan. Having more options to choose from gives you the ability to maximize your retirement contributions to those plans.
Online investment advisory programs like BluVest, available through HD Vest Advisory Services®, can provide account management, professional portfolio allocation and modeling that is best suited for your situation. With low account minimums and low fees, the BluVest Program provides tailored investment opportunities that allow you to easily save for your future.
HDVAS offers its BluVest online investment advisory services together with Financial Guard LLC, an unaffiliated sub-advisor retained by HDVAS.
Investments are subject to market risks including the potential loss of principal invested.


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The Social and Cultural Determinants Of Mental Health
by Nithin Valsamma Rajan
"Health is wealth""If wealth is lost nothing is lost but if health is lost something is lost".People of the present day confront many realities; pleasant ones such as the ever growing scientific progress on one hand and unpleasant ones such as the destructive elements of science on the other. Man stands perplexed between these.
There have been drastic changes in the outlook of human beings that raise questions concerning tradition and its values. The absence of mutual care and respect could be considered the biggest crisis of this day. Mental health is in a way more important than physical health, as physical sickness, unless chronic can be cured relatively quicker. Mental sickness however, takes a longer time to heal.
Once there were two parrots at a man's house. He wanted to go for a long journey, so he gave one parrot to a monk and one parrot to a butcher and started his journey. After months the owner of the parrots came back and took his parrots back home. Once when a guest came to see this man one parrot said please come in and sit down, can I give you some water to drink? This was the parrot at the monks place; the other parrot from the butcher placed asked what you want? Shall I chop it small etc. This is because of the atmosphere the parrots were. The one with the monk always heard kind words but the other parrot was always exposed to the butcher's language so they responded in their respective ways of learning. Atmosphere plays a very important role in the growth.
World Health Organization defines health as "Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity" .
Good health enables people to participate fully in society and provides the "means by which people can pursue their goals in life"
The World Health Organization describes mental health as "a state of well-being in which the individual realizes his or her own abilities, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and fruitfully, and is able to make a contribution to his or her community"
Traditional beliefs about mental Health
In the traditional belief system, mental illnesses are caused by a lack of harmony of emotions or, sometimes, by evil spirits. Mental wellness occurs when psychological and physiologic functions are integrated. Earlier thought patterns shared the Buddhist belief that problems in this life are most likely related to transgressions committed in a past life and that one's previous life and future life are as much a part of the life cycle as one's present life.
Factors that determine mental Health
Mental health differences occur with social or economic disadvantage. Health disparities negatively affect groups of people who have systematically experienced greater social or economic obstacles to health. These obstacles stem from characteristics historically linked to discrimination or exclusion such as race or ethnicity, religion, socioeconomic status, gender, mental health, sexual orientation, or geographic location. Other characteristics include cognitive, sensory, or physical disability .
As a result of the important work undertaken by the World Health Organization and its Commission on the Social, there is an increasing understanding of the ways in which social conditions — where we are "…born, grow, live, work and age…" — determine health outcomes. There is growing consensus that daily living conditions and the distribution of power, money and resources shape the incidence of physical health outcomes such as respiratory, cardiovascular and infectious diseases; cancers; obesity; and diabetes. By comparison, there is far less focus and collective agreement on the role of social conditions in shaping mental health outcomes. Mental health prevention and intervention efforts concentrate overwhelmingly on affecting individual, family and/or community change, while changing the broader social, political and economic conditions that impact mental health is often neglected.
Each stage of life also contributes to proper mental Health
Mental growth starts right from the time the baby is conceived by the mother. The mother has to be physical and mentally fit to deliver a healthy baby. She has to be given not only proper food to eat but also her emotions have to be taken care, as every change in the mother's mental thoughts will have an ever lasting impact on the child.
Even thou children are born into a family the socio-cultural of the society at large effects the child's growth from womb to tomb in different ways.
Erik Erikson, a German psychoanalyst heavily influenced by Sigmund Freud, explored many aspects of identity like ego, personal identity, socio-cultural identify. His theory of development considers the impact of external factors, parents and society on the development from childhood to adulthood. He explains them as follows
•	Sense of trust (when baby is born):
The sense of trust may be strengthened or weakened by the positive and negative experiences. If the mother provides loving, warm, and consistent care, the infant develops trust in her .With the maternal-infant attachment, the infant develops trust and feels secure. A mother substitute also, should try to provide experiences that develop trust. The sense of trust is accomplished with experiences and events which infants are repeatedly receiving when they are hungry, uncomfortable, cold, and lonely. If infants get attention in time, they develop a trust as an integral part of their development. Each close contact with the infants is an opportunity for them to experience the pleasure of intimacy.
•	Growth and development of a toddler (one to three years):
According to Erickson 1968 , when toddlers try to develop autonomy, during the process of autonomy, they overcome a sense of doubt. To hold on and let go technique is found during use of hands, eyes, mouth and sphincter. Toddlers can express emotion very strongly. They use "no" in their vocabulary. Swift change is seen in toddler's mood. They may get angry if they are unable to manipulate an activity. A temper tantrum is common. Sudden changes in their behaviour are difficult for the parents to understand and manage with. Parents may give into toddler's negativism, instead of handling it constructively. Toddlers like sameness, ritualism, which provides them with the sense of reliability and comfort. They prefer familial places, people, and routines.
•	Pre-schooler (3 to 6 years):
The pre-schoolers are interested in the meaning of relations. They talk to imaginary friends; they project in imaginary play. They learn social norms. They like to take responsibility. Their aggression is turned toward their parents. By five years, they are cooperative, sympathetic, and usually generous with their toys. The pre-schoolers are interested in stories and they like outside world. Everyday experience and parental encouragement to practice skills, lead to coordinated use of their basic motor and perceptual abilities. Proficiency depends more on the practice than on the age. Normal pre-schoolers like constant activity.
•	School age child (6 to 12 years):
The child may exhibit independence and still needs un-obstructive parental support. By the age of 7 years, school age children begin the stage of operational thinking. They learn to consider alternate solution to solve their problems. School going children develop a sense of industry versus sense of inferiority (Erickson 1968).A sense of industry is a sense of being able to make things perfectly. Those children who may fail to develop skills to make things may develop a sense of inferiority. School age children's self-concept is influenced by interactions with their friends, family members, and other persons. They enjoy plays involving gross motor activities such as ball sports, biking. They enjoy playing with friends and exhibit cooperation and social skills.
•	Adolescent (13 to 18 years):
According to Erickson, establishing a sense of identity is the developmental crisis of adolescence. Development of identity is the major need of the adolescent, before development of an intimate relationship. Adolescents perceive themselves as unique and distinct individuals. The adolescents experience unfamiliar feeling and seek peer approval because of the rapid physical growth and maturational changes. During this period, adolescents try to achieve autonomy from the family, hope to have a group identity and try to develop a sense of personal identity.
Adolescents are egocentric; therefore lack the ability to differentiate their own opinions from that of others. Because of their egocentrism, they lack understanding to assess the circumstances that require empathy and cooperation. During early adolescence, adolescents have concrete thinking. Gradually concrete functioning develops into abstract during middle adolescence. Adolescents experience different roles and are confused with role diffusion; Adolescents find it difficult to form satisfactory identity from the various aspirations, roles, and identifications.
•	Early adulthood (20 to 39 years):
Physical changes:-
•	Person has completed physical growth by the age of 20.
•	Person is active.
•	Severe illnesses are less common than in older age groups.
•	Person tends to ignore physical symptoms and postpone seeking health care.
•	Lifestyle habits such as smoking, stress, lack of exercise, poor hygiene, and family history of
•	Disease increases the risk of future illness.
Cognitive changes:-
•	Person has rational thinking habits
•	Conceptual, problem solving and motor skills increase.
•	Person identifies preferred occupational areas.
Psychosocial changes:-
•	Person separates from family and origin.
•	Person gives much attention to occupational and social pursuits to improve socio economic status.
•	Person makes decisions regarding career, marriage, and parenthood.
•	Person needs to adapt to new situations.
Sexuality:-
•	Person has the emotional maturity to develop mature sexual relationships.
•	Person is at risk for sexually transmitted infections.
•	Middle adulthood (40 to 59 years)
•	Physical changes occur between 40 and 65 years of age.
•	Individual becomes aware that changes in reproductive and physical abilities signify the beginning of another stage in life.
•	Menopause occurs in women and climacteric occurs in men.
•	Physiological changes often have an impact on self-concept and body image.
•	Physiological concerns include stress, level of wellness, and the formation of positive health habits.
•	Person may be interested in learning new skills.
•	Person may become involved in educational or vocational programs for entering the job market or for changing careers.
•	Changes may be including expected events, such as children moving away from home, or unexpected events, such as the death of a close friend.
•	Time and financial demands decrease as children move away from home and couples face redefining their relationship.
•	Adults may become grandparents.
•	Many couples renew their relationships and find relationships and find increased marital and sexual satisfaction.
•	The onset of menopause and climacteric may affect sexual health.
•	Stress health, and medications can affect sexuality.
•	Advanced adulthood (60+ years)
Psychosocial concerns:-
•	Adjustment to deterioration in physical and mental health and well-being.
•	Threat to independent functioning and fear of becoming a burden to beloved ones.
•	Adjustment to retirement and loss of income.
•	Loss of skills and competencies developed early in life.
•	Coping with changes in role function and social life.
•	Diminished quality and quantity of relationships and coping with loss.
•	Dependence on governmental and social systems.
•	Access to social support systems.
•	Costs of health care and medications.
Mental health concerns:-
•	Depression: The increased dependency that older adults may experience can lead to hopelessness, helplessness, lowered sense of self-control, and decreased self-esteem and self-worth; these changes can interfere with daily functioning and lead to depression.
•	Grief: Client reacts to the perception of loss, including physical, psychological, social, and spiritual aspects.
•	Isolation: Client is alone and desires contact with others but is unable to make that contact.
•	Suicide: Depression can lead to thoughts of self-harm.
THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF MENTAL DISORDERS
•	Adjustment Disorders
•	Anxiety Disorders
•	Childhood Disorders
•	Eating Disorders
•	Mood Disorders
•	Neurocognitive Disorders
•	Personality Disorders
•	Psychotic Disorders
•	Substance-Related Disorders
The Socio-Cultural Factors Which Determine Mental
Water takes the shape of the container it is in, same way mental health of each human being depends on certain factors which determine it they are.
Gender role
Gender is not regarding sex. It is a social construct of the society. It decides the fate of many especially of the female sex. It's very difficult to eliminate gender role. Education plays a very important role in this field. Education starts at home "A son who respects his wife proves that he has a good mother or sister". So this education starts at home. Gender difference is mostly taught at home which affects the growth of children. For e.g. pink for girls, blue for boys; doll for girl, gun for boy is the trend of parents today. This creates a growth difference in the children as they grow. As what they learn in their childhood remains with them till their fire wood, so parents have to be careful in parenting. They should create a healthy atmosphere for children so that they grow up with freedom without being affected by the choice of the society and he/she grows up with freedom of thought and speech guided with right and wrong.
Women suffer to this day even thou she has left her houses to offices, still there in no change in her services. The work she does is an addition to the already assigned work to her like cooking home keeping etc. Men are yet to change and bring equality in the work if both men and women are working the home chores should be shared between the husband and wife only then there is equality or she is ill-treated and it's a pathetic condition. She will be no more soon because of the burden she has to carry.
This is also very important factor which contributes to mental health. Exclusion is the opposite of inclusion, exclusion can create insecurity as we are not aliens in this planet we need cooperation between human beings to live in this world not only human beings but also nature is needed as unless the equilibrium is maintained we can't move further ahead.
Protection from Discrimination and Violence
This is the role of every government to protect its citizens from discrimination and violence, usually when government fails in their duty it leads to unrest which affects the mental health of the citizens.
Basic needs are food, clothing and shelter and if they provide it's a booster to the mental health when a country fails to provide this that will lead to depression. There are certain factors related to this basic need like even though basic need is food, clothing and shelter the provider of these are education and income.
Mental illness is associated with large costs to individuals and society. Education improves various health outcomes but little work has been done on mental illness.
Income is the single most important determinant of mental health. There is a persistent correlation world-wide between low income and poor health. With few exceptions, the financially worst-off experience the highest rates of illness and death. Adequate income is a prerequisite for many other determinants of health, for example, adequate housing, a nutritious diet and educational opportunities.
The prevalence of depression has increased considerably in the last decades so much so that, the World Health Organization in1999 rated depression as one of the main three causes of disability and morbidity in the developed world. Antidepressant drugs have at the same time become household names as their prescription more than doubled in the last decade, and the stigma associated with mental health have dwindled.
The Commission on Social Determinants of Health (CSDH) was established by World Health Organization in March 2005 to support countries and global health partners in addressing the social factors leading to ill health and health inequities. The Commission aimed to draw the attention of governments and society to the social determinants of health and in creating better social conditions for health, particularly among the most vulnerable people. The commission delivered it's report to the World Health Organization in July 2008 and it subsequently ended it's functions.
Overarching recommendations of the Commission
1. Improve daily living conditions
2. Tackle the inequitable distribution of power, money, and resources
3. Measure and understand the problem and assess the impact of action
Inequities are killing people on a "grand scale" reports WHO's Commission. Not being able to fulfill our basic needs due to income inequality creates stress and impacts our mental health. It makes it hard to fully participate in our communities and do the things that interest us.
Mental Health of People Who Migrate
The social and mental health of people who migrate from place to place are very much affected and their acculturation to the new environment depends on the age and other factors that influence it. Cultural factors, such as language, age, gender, and others, can influence the mental health of, particularly immigrants. Culture influences the human health and belief system; these factors will have differing effects, depending on the individual's degree of acculturation and their socioeconomic Status.
Several key cultural factors that are relevant to this process are described below
•	Language Knowledge of English is one of the most important factors influencing access to care.
•	Level of acculturation
•	Age In general, the younger people can easily adjust but it is not the same with the older generation
•	Family structure and intergenerational issues
•	Religious beliefs and spirituality
•	Gender Historically, men have acculturated more rapidly than women. This standard may be changing, however, as women enter the work force.
Traditional Values vs. Modern Values
The war between traditional values and modern values between cultures also influence the mental status of human being as change is not inevitable by all. So the area which they live the governments of that place all can contribute to the mental health of a person, as some places do not have religious freedom, cultural pressure as 'When you are in Rome be Romans', peer pressure especially for the younger generation.
Traditional values	Modern values
Male centric	Independent decisions
Extended families	Nuclear families
Ritualistic religion Not so traditional
Children dependent Children independent
Old age parents are looked after by children	Parents look out for old age homes as they don't want to be a burden for children
Marriage Live in relationships
Social hierarchy Freedom
Custom and tradition focused, reliance on the past Development focused, forward-looking
Traditional culture Multicultural
These include economic, social, cultural factors such as adequate housing, employment and education opportunities, access to good transport, and a political system that enhances health.
Governances.
This plays a very import role in the life of people, as everywhere there is a government which can be
•	Democracy
•	Monarchy
•	Theocracy
These governments will have a different impact on its people's living under their control. They have a different world view so it is difficult to cope up at times as their worldviews differ according to their principles of ruling.
Western World View	Middle-Eastern World View
Democracy Theocracy
Separation of religion and state Combination of religion and state, with religious authority
Freedom	Social hierarchy
Capitalism	Collectivism /Socialism
Liberalism	Religious piety
Globalization Isolationism
Multicultural	One culture, one ethnicity
Future innovation Past inspiration
Industrial / technological Agricultural
Development focused, forward looking Custom and tradition focused, reliance on the past
Compulsory Military Services
Certain countries when there is forced military services it can affect the mental status as it's a forced service as there is completion from the side of the state. A person living in a war prone area is more affected so government should take adequate steps to prevent war. War is not a solution to any problem the after effects of war are too dangerous to the society and it can be also a budding stage to the next war because of human ego and self-esteem. Wars should be avoided; the money each country set apart to buy arms and ammunitions should be allocated for the betterment of each citizen. Army should be there for every country for its services to natural disasters and not for man making disasters.
Compulsory Religious Conversion
When the countries are not democratically governed and it is controlled by a theocratic or dictatorship leadership. The people who are living in that place are affected by the decision the heads take, as it would be based on their religion or the ideology. The decisions taken may not be acceptable by all but are forced to follow them. It leads to suffocation and retardation in growth as the mind is not free its suppressed and oppressed by the feeling of rejection.
Forced Heavy Taxation
When there is recession the government tries to put the burden on the people to improve its condition even thou the higher class of the society will not be affected the lower class will be affected as they will lose their basic need of life as they try day and night hard to make both ends meet and during hard times if they are burdened by more taxation to provide for war etc. it affects the people
Forced Labour
Forced labour is any work or services which people are forced to do against their will under the threat of some form punishment. Almost all slavery practices, including trafficking in people and bonded labour, contain some element of forced labour. Forced labour affects millions of men, women and children around the world and is most frequently found in labour intensive and/or under-regulated industries, such as:
•	Agriculture and fishing
•	Domestic work
•	Construction, mining, quarrying and brick kilns
•	Manufacturing, processing and packaging
•	Prostitution and sexual exploitation
•	Market trading and illegal activities
This creates long standing mental health problems on human beings
Collective responsibility
An example from India will define what collective responsibility is.
Rural Unit for Health and Social Affairs (RUHSA)
It was started, responding to the felt need for providing health care services to a most backward rural development block in Vellore district. By Christian Medical College, Vellore (CMCH). The history dates back to the year 1944 when the "Rural Medical and Leprosy Unit" was proposed as a model training center for rural health care. The services provided by them are
•	Outreach health services
•	HIV Community based management program
•	Diabetes management program
•	Community Nutrition Program
•	A model Cervical cancer "Screen, educate, Treat" program
•	Referral Services
•	Farmers club
•	Micro finance
•	Community college
•	RUHSA has been actively involved in training rural youth in vocational training courses and paving the way for young people to find a better Future and thus contribute to rural development and better health.
•	Elderly Recreation Center
•	Mental Health Initiative
•	Community volunteers for sustainable development
•	The major aim of this service is to maximize the independence of mentally and physically challenged adult, children and elderly at home and with their working and social lives
•	CBR for Physically Challenged
•	Zero Waste Management Project
•	Organic farming
•	Water sanitation & Hygiene
•	Regular course
•	BSC. medical sociology
•	PG diploma in health management (PGDHM)
•	PG diploma in health administration (DHA)
•	PH.D program in social science
Short Training Courses
•	Capacity building training in primary health care for medical assistance
•	Training on integrated health and development
•	Field training for MSW students
•	"Rural health care in India" elective posting for international students
A society can make a person or break a person. Even thou human beings grow physical it's not a holistic growth. Physical growth and mental growth should go together hand in hand. Here we see all areas are taken care not only just health, as health will not be there if there are no supporting factors who keep up health.
A Tribute to the Father of Health Economics
Professor Gavin Mooney is known as an international founding father of health economics. He was born in Glasgow in 1943 and graduated from the University of Edinburgh before embarking on a career that saw him hold academic positions in the UK, Denmark and Australia. He moved to Australia permanently in 1993.
He was at the forefront of the development of techniques for applying economic theory and principles to the health sector, challenging the prevailing orthodoxy of prioritising efficiency over equity considerations in health care decision-making. Mooney is regarded as one of the leading health economics educators in the world and has taught on postgraduate programmes in nearly 30 countries. He received an Honorary Doctorate from UCT in June 2009.
His first job was as an actuary for a large insurance company. Personal experience along with the grim reality of the statistics that the poor and the wealthy die at different rates fuelled his passion for social justice. University postings around the world came next. While Mooney and many of his colleagues worked on the methods and theory of health economics, he felt pressed to put the ideas into service. In 1993 he moved to Australia. Having been influential in establishing the Centre for Health Economics Research and Evaluation in Sydney two years earlier, he joined the center and the University of Sydney as its first professor of health economics. He later established the Social and Public Health Economics Research Group to enable him to concentrate on his main intellectual passions: the economics of indigenous health, social justice and supporting the role of communities in decision-making about their health systems.
Described as 'one of the founding fathers of health economics', his research was driven by real world challenges and geared towards identifying practical solutions. If English is the universal language of flight controllers, then Mooney's Scottish accent is the universal voice of health economics. For this, he was widely loved and deeply admired. His passion for his field, and his dedication to serving others through it, had no bounds. It was infectious.
Gavin's enduring commitment to improving Aboriginal health is what we will remember him for. He worked at both academic and community levels to assist in advancing Aboriginal community controlled health services.
He was a powerful voice on the social determinants of health, on Indigenous health and on the impact of doctor shortages in Australia and in developing countries.
At the news of the death of professor Gavin Mooney Australian health minister Tanya Plibersek said it is a 'tragic loss for the health community, both in Australia and internationally'. She further said: 'Professor Mooney was a fearless advocate for social justice, and in particular the role of citizen juries, leading debates on the importance of consumers in determining how their health resources are allocated.
The Need for Change in the Outlook for Better Tomorrows
Change is not welcomed by all, if accepted also it takes a long time and it does not happen overnight. Or it has to be that powerful that human hand can't do anything, as its natural change of the nature. As human beings we often like to be safe in the cocoons and we believe that's life, it's difficult for us to digest the fact that there is a life outside it. The most beautiful life waits outside where we can fly to freedom also the colourful look of the wings is a delight to human eye.
In the ocean, waves are created by wind. It's not just one wave it's a continuous process only then the wave reaches shores and some become powerful some die down, same way we have to keep on drilling a new idea till it can change the situation.
I thought I can change the world and set out but I understood that it is not possible, so I decided to change my society I live in but that also was not possible. Then I decide to change my family but failed there also. Then I realized than changing the whole world it's easy and better to change myself. When I change, my family changes, when my family changes in turn my society does, when society does the whole world does. This shows the change of one self if I am self-determined then there will be change.
"Little drops of water forms a mighty ocean". A little leaven can change the whole batter, let us be a good leaven for change. So it's a collective responsibility from an individual to a collective group to provide the needed care and support for the total growth of a human being. Developed countries have different polices for the keep up the citizens safe from all kind of suppression of others by passing rules and regulation to up keep them in good health.
As weather plays an important role in the growth of crops same way even society plays an important role in the development of a healthy society. Each human being needs love and care, if the fail to get it then they die. Mental health also comes under basic needs of life, if only food clothing and shelter is considered as need of life its wrong.
Action to reduce inequalities in health resulting from social, cultural and economic determinants requires a comprehensive approach involving strategies both within and outside the health sector. This is not an easy task. It requires broad acknowledgement of the important role of social, cultural and economic factors that determine mental health and of socioeconomic inequalities in health. It also requires a long term commitment to confirm that interventions are improving the health of low socioeconomic groups.
People with strong family, cultural and community ties have better health than people who are socially isolated. Single parent families, people with mental illness, people with disabilities, people living alone and older people are particularly vulnerable to social isolation.
Mental health is affected by social and cultural influences. Living and working conditions and broad socioeconomic, cultural and environmental conditions. A clean and safe environment, adequate income, meaningful roles in society, good housing, population-based services and utilities, affordable nutritious food, education and social support within communities all contribute towards good mental health. Failing in any of these factors can lead to retardation in growth, so governments should take necessary action for the up keeping of its citizens.
Cite This Article As: Nithin Valsamma Rajan. "The Social and Cultural Determinants Of Mental Health." International Youth Journal, 11. October 2018.
Link To Article: https://youth-journal.org/the-social-and-cultural-determinants-of-mental-health
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omg. this sets the floor on fire. mental keyboard ride in this one.
heard it first played by dj deep on his legendary radio nova sessions back then.
this track took my head off when they keyboards went nuts.
cassio ware and grant nelson on the keys. it shows!


text:
Vecmīlgrāvis es un barrio de Riga, Letonia situado al norte de la ciudad a una distancia de entre 12 y 14 km del centro.

Desde 1203 hasta 1305 la zona perteneció a la Abadía de Daugavgrīva. Posteriormente fue traspasada a la Orden Livona y después sería incluida como propiedad de la Casa Mangaļi.

A partir de 1922 pasó a ser incorporada al territorio de Riga, sin embargo no hubo acceso posible hasta 1934, cuando se construyó el canal.

Véase también
Riga

Enlaces externos

 Rīgas pašvaldības portāla.
 Vecmīlgrāvis portālā Cita Rīga

Riga
Geografía de Letonia
Vecmīlgrāvis

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Whoever smelt it dealt it. Whoever denied it supplied it. I've heard that before.
Eagles, In the City 1979. Not the earlier Joe Walsh version. Never released as a single but a chart topper for sure. The 70's were great for the Eagles. One of my favorite bands of all time. I usually find good elevators to stink up in the city.
Howard Jones, No One Is to Blame 1986 version. Not the earlier album version, this is the Phil Collins remake with Howard Jones. He has several hits but this was the highest charting. I wish no one was to blame, but I confess, I did it.


FCC Chairman Ajit Pai has declared that teeing up the ATSC 3.0 transmission standard is a priority, suggesting it has the potential to let broadcasters offer much better service in a variety of ways.
Addressing the NAB Show in Las Vegas, Pai noted that the convergence of Media, Entertainment, and Technology—the M.E.T. Effect—had created a new digital economy, and with it, new challenges, new sources of competition, and new opportunities for the broadcasting industry.
He suggested the FCC's role was to make sure that its rules keep up with the times. "The last thing broadcasting—or any industry for that matter—needs is outdated regulations standing in its way," he stated. "And that's particularly true in communications, where things change so quickly. That's why I'll work aggressively to modernise the FCC's rules, cut unnecessary red tape, and give broadcasters more flexibility to serve their audiences. Broadcasting remains an indispensable part of America's communications landscape. And under my Chairmanship, broadcasting won't be seen as a speed bump," he averred.
Putting these principles into practice, he noted that there was a lot of excitement surrounding ATSC 3.0, or Next Gen TV. "This new transmission standard is the first one to marry the advantages of broadcasting and the Internet. And it has the potential to let broadcasters offer much better service in a variety of ways. Improvement in picture quality with 4K transmissions; immersive audio; better accessibility options; the ability to provide advanced emergency alerts, more tailored to a viewer's particular location. ATSC 3.0 makes all of these possible," he suggested.
"That's why I made it a priority to tee up the Next Gen TV standard. In my first full month as Chairman, the Commission voted unanimously to seek comment on a proposal to allow broadcasters to use the ATSC 3.0 transmission standard on a voluntary, market-driven basis," he advised.
"My view is simple: As with any industry, the FCC should promote innovation in the broadcasting business—not stand in the way of progress. We should allow interested broadcasters to experiment with this next generation standard," he declared.
"Regarding timeframe, the deadline for submitting input on our proposal is June 8. We'll then review the record carefully. Our goal is to issue a final authorisation of the Next Gen TV standard by the end of the year. We'll move quickly (by FCC standards, anyway) because I want the United States to lead the world in broadcasting, just as in the communications industry generally," he added.


ADSCT is the latest free classified site in Australia. Anyone can sign up here and post unlimited ads to sell/buy products. have a look at, RC Acrobatic Planes ADSCT is a market network that combines the core and size to connect with each other and to discover more opportunities and efficient ways to manage business interactions.


Does anybody know anything about Virtual Financial Group? If you have any information regarding this company please let me know. I am contemplating working for them but I would prefer to get some feedback if you know anything about them. Thank you in advance.
Yes. Been with VF for almost 3 years. The sister company is WFG. Effort and consistency is the factor to be successful. Tough skin and laser-focused no reason why one will not become massively successful. TransAmerica, Nationwide and Pacific Life are the main players. Crump comes in for cases declined. A system to follow for someone who is new to the financial services industry and wants guidance. I love it. Not much commuting anymore. Plus meeting great people nationwide and bringing value is very special. No complaints here.
Never heard of VF. I do know Transamerica, Nationwide and Pacific have top-notch life insurance plans.
I have been approached by them several times over the past few years and almost jumped in but they were vague on how they get their leads. Any insight?
Really don't have a clue, but I couldn't pass up the opportunity.
Virtual Assistant VSA Why Haven't I Seen this Before??


Pakistani Singer and Actor "Ali Zafar" pay tribute to the victims of the Peshawar attack. he has brought musicians, actors and some sportspersons together for the Urainge video. Check out the lyrics of #Urainge or Uddenge song with Video here in good quality.
"49 people were killed in a tragic terrorist attack in Peshawar Army school on 16th Dec 2014, out of them 133 were children :( :'( :'( "
Sahenge nahi ab hum koi sitam..
Nikhra hua, har su ho roop..


Hi, I'm Tom Steiner. I'm honored to be a part of the SDI Instructor Ambassador Program. I'm from Malta and I've been diving since 1979.
My first dive was in 1979 in Barbados, I have always been facinated by the underwter world and the peace you find there. For me it was the first contact with another world on this planet breathing freely underwater. Diving at the beginning was a hobby for me but very fast it became a true passion and I always wished this to become my work as a professional one day. It took some time to find the marks and how to start to live from Instructing Diving. With years of practice and experience it just happened and if I had to start all over again thats what I would do without any doubt.
For me the most important trait is that you need to understand the student you have in front of you. Teaching is not just pass a student but its also knowing their weakness and fears. To constently work on skills until they become part of the memory muscle.
Definitely Instructor courses and Open Water Courses, there is nothing more rewarding to see a person that can safely enjoy a dive simply because I want that the Diving Industry keeps a high standard of diving and that the techniques even if they evolve with time are taught the same way. At the end you want to have safe divers and students that enjoy what they do and become real divers.
Well there are still a couple of them, Truk lagoon, Andrea Doria, the Britannic, the SS President Coolidge, HMS Victoria and also Orda Cave in Russia.
Stay humble in what you do, don't become an Instructor with an ego and never stop learning after you finished your Instructor course there is still a long way up but it's worth the ride.


text:
Programs at the Sherborn Library
The Sherborn Library is at 3 Sanger St. (Sherborn Community Center) while the library is undergoing renovations. For information or to register, call 508-653-0770, or visit sherbornlibrary.org.
The Sherborn Library is at 3 Sanger St. (Sherborn Community Center) while the library is undergoing renovations. For information or to register, call 508-653-0770, or visit sherbornlibrary.org
Note: Due to boiler issues, the Sherborn Library will be closed until at least Thursday, Jan. 23.
Storytime, Stay & Play, Friday, Jan. 24 and 31, 10:30 a.m.: We will share books, rhymes and songs that build language and motor skills. Followed by a simple craft. For children from birth to age 4.
Winterfest, Sunday, Jan. 26, 1:30-3 p.m.: Join the Friends of the Sherborn Library for a fun-filled afternoon. Festivities will begin with craft and game stations from 1:30-2 p.m., light snacks and refreshments will be served from 2-2:15 p.m., and Jungle Jim will perform from 2:15-3 p.m. Jungle Jim combines balloon artistry, magic, comedy and improv to create an amazing experience for children. The children are given a series of safari adventure challenges, which are interactive performance pieces that will help them train to be safari adventurers.
Molly's Apothecary Spa Workshop for Kids, Thursday, Feb. 6, 4-5:30 p.m.: Make your own hand and body lotion and lip gloss in this fun workshop. This program is for kids from 7-17. Register online at sherbornlibrary.org.
Ed Morgan, Children's Garden Music Concert, Friday, Feb. 7, 10:30 a.m.: Come to the library for a musical concert featuring musician Ed Morgan. Sing along and dance to traditional children's songs with a twist. Recommended for children age 3-8.
Cookies and Coloring, Wednesday, Feb. 12, 3:30-4:30 p.m.: Stop by the library for a snack. We will have bookmarks and coloring sheets to decorate and color.
Mah Jongg, Mondays: Join the library's Mah Jongg Club. Our Mah Jongg players are welcoming and inclusive. Novices will receive very relaxed instruction from players who are happy to share their knowledge. The club meets on Mondays at noon or 1 p.m. — your choice. Contact the library if you would like to participate, 508-653-0770.
Going to Extremes: A Travel Journalist's Tour of the Globes Most Adventurous Places, Thursday, Feb. 4, 6:30 p.m.: An award-winning adventure travel journalist for the Boston Globe, the Washington Post, National Geographic Kids and the Providence Journal, Peter Mandel hunts his stories and photos in the world's far corners, including Antarctica, India, Egypt, Patagonia, the fjords of Norway, the mountain pathways of Japan, and the deserts of Africa. The author of 10 books, he'll show slides of his most extreme travel experiences — surviving a coup in Ecuador, visiting a "city" of penguins at the South Pole, fishing for piranha on Brazil's Rio Negro, floating in the Goodyear Blimp, sailing on an Arctic icebreaker, camping in the African bush, and kayaking to the Statue of Liberty — and talk about how adventure travel turns to prose in today's media. Register online at sherbornlibrary.org.
Spa Night, Thursday, Feb. 6, 6:30 p.m.: Join us for a fun, hands-on workshop with Molly's Apothecary. We'll be creating our own lotions and bubbling bath soap. Learn a new skill and take home handcrafted items to show off your hard work. For ages 18+. Register online at sherbornlibrary.org.
Cookbook Club, Thursday, Feb. 13, 6:30 p.m.: Are you a food adventurer? If you love to try new recipes, try out our club. Each person selects a recipe from the same cookbook (the library will provide copies) and prepares it for the group. We meet, eat our creations, discuss our recipes and select the next cookbook. Involvement is flexible — participate one month, skip a month. It's OK. To sign up, contact the library at 508-653-0770. Next cookbook: "Indian(-ish)" by Priya Krishna.
Genealogy Club, Wednesday, Feb. 19, 1 p.m.: Everyone is welcome to the library's ongoing Genealogy Club. Periodic guest speakers and helpful group discussion. Newcomers to genealogy and experienced researchers share thoughts and suggestions. The club meets the third Wednesday of the month at 1 p.m.
The Friends of the Sherborn Library have generously funded this program. Event facilities have been provided by the Sherborn Community Center Foundation. The SCC is available for private functions.


Grapes are hand-harvested and matured for 10-12 months in 20-30% new oak barrels.
On the nose, overflowing with red fruit. On the palate, the wine is pleasantly delicate. Should be drunk in its youth to enjoy its freshness.


text:
← Previous: About This Guide
Benefits of Digitization (aka Scanning)
Digitization Program Planning
A properly digitized collection broadens access, protects the safety of the original material and provides new options for research. One of humanity's responsibilities is to ensure that we properly preserve our Cultural Heritage for future generations. Good digitization and dissemination of the resulting Preservation Digital Objects is essential to our role as stewards of our history and culture. Digitization is not a buzz-word or fad; it is a fundamental shift in the way collections are accessed and protected.
Broader Access
Democratization of Data
Digitization profoundly broadens access by lowering the barrier to entry for discovering and examining Cultural Heritage collections. In the past, only a narrow demographic of the population had the time and resources to travel for the sole purpose of viewing a collection at a particular institution. Now, anyone with Internet access at their home, school, work, or local library can access a digital collection.
"One of the prized pieces of our collection is the Guttenberg Bible. That completely changed the dissemination of knowledge in its time. Digitization allows a similar dissemination, so a similar revolution is going on now. It breaks down the walls of time and space and now it's accessible to the entire world."
– Graham Haber, Photographer, The Morgan Library & Museum
"There are very few books written in Haitian Creole, and many Haitian schoolchildren don't have access to books because they are so hard to find in the country, and surprisingly expensive to ship. Our nonprofit organization has built a cloud-based digital library, which allows students in Haiti to access thousands of books on low-cost devices like Android tablets that are made in Haiti. Digitization allows us to fill our library with quality children's books in Creole, helping to support education and literacy for thousands of students."
– Nicole Comforto, Director of Educational Resources, Library for All
Moreover, the ability to access an entire collection of material culture that has not been curated for general audiences truly opens the possibility for new interpretations. Digitizing/Scanning entire collections allows new insights and discoveries from any viewer, not just the select few with physical access to the originals.
For researchers, having digital access to an object can save days of travel and thousands of dollars in expenses. This is especially true for collections which are spread out across multiple institutions. As a result researchers are more likely to cite the institution in their research [See 1.4 – Marketing, Branding, Reach & Politics].
"Some of [our] books are not widely available. They might be in one or two libraries in the entire world… so researchers, particularly those in the developing world wouldn't have had access to this information, and suddenly here it is on the Internet to read, download for later, and they can do full text searching — it has transformed the way they do their research. It has given them access to material they didn't even know they needed access to."
– Keri Thompson, Digital Projects Librarian, Smithsonian Libraries
Next Page: Safeguarding the Physical Collection →
Jump to a page:
Safeguarding the Physical Collection
Content Elaboration & Content Discovery
Marketing, Branding, Reach, & Politics
The Preservation Digital Object (PDO)
Types of Digitization
Digitization Prioritization
Setting High Image Quality Guidelines
Planning Collection Pulls
Establishing Handling & Presentation Protocols
Staffing Structure: Roles, Skills, & Efficiency
Hardware Ergonomics
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Welcome to your Private Client inspiration book for South Africa. This inspiration book was specifically designed to help you further dream about the ultimate South African experience you wish to partake in. It represents just a few of our favorite ways to see and experience the beauty that South Africa has to offer.
From exploring South Africa's diverse and luxurious game lodges to learning about the various social impact programs improving the lives of South Africans, there are plethora of inspiring and captivating experiences waiting for you.


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Ahead of Irma, Outrage Toward Sky-High Amazon Water Prices
Miami residents are buying water and supplies to be prepared for Hurricane Irma in Miami on Sept. 6, 2017. Florida governor Rick Scott has issued a state of emergency as Hurricane is expected to affect Florida on Sept. 9, 2017.Cristobal Herrera / EPA
Sept. 6, 2017, 7:13 PM UTC / Updated Sept. 7, 2017, 12:04 AM UTC
By Alyssa Newcomb
With grocery store shelves being cleared ahead of Irma's expected landfall in the United States this weekend, Floridians trying to wrangle important supplies ahead of the Category 5 storm have turned to Amazon.
There's just one problem: Prices for bottled water have skyrocketed, leading outraged Floridians to levy charges of price gouging.
A screenshot posted on Twitter showed a pack of 24-pack of Ice Mountain bottled water going for $99.99.
Hey @amazon @AmazonHelp, you should monitor the price gauging going on right now...$100 for 24pk of water that is usually about $10 ??? pic.twitter.com/Dll9HbrMtn
— Daniel A. (@TheReal_DannyA) September 6, 2017
But that wasn't the only example. Other Twitter users shared screenshots of a $63 jug of water and cases of water going for $30 to $40 — three to four times the usual price.
Why does @amazon have bottled water at these prices? #PriceGouging pic.twitter.com/VhDcMq7pB2
— Jasmine (@jazziehill) September 6, 2017
#Florida #water supplies running scarce we go to @amazon and this is what we see....price gouging? @PamBondi @POTUS #hurricaneirma2017 pic.twitter.com/ASplphDBhn
— SJT (@soniajanet27) September 6, 2017
An Amazon representative told NBC News in a statement that the company does not "engage in surge pricing and product prices do not fluctuate by region or delivery location."
"We are actively monitoring our website and removing offers on bottled water that substantially exceed the recent average sales price. Prices have not widely fluctuated in the last month. Lower priced offers are quickly selling out, leaving higher priced offers from third party sellers," the representative said.
If Amazon customers see a product that has "substantially increased in price," the representative said they can contact Amazon customer service to investigate and if warranted, they'll take appropriate action.
The examples shared on Twitter were from third-party vendors. Price gouging to capitalize on an emergency is against the law in Florida.
Related: Predicting Irma's Path Is Giving Supercomputers a Challenge
"The law compares the reported price of the commodity or service during the state of emergency to the average price charged over the 30-day period prior to the declared state of emergency. If there is a 'gross disparity' between the prior price and the current charge, it is considered price gouging," according to the Florida Attorney General Pam Bondi's website.
Meanwhile, with store shelves being emptied, Amazon is hoping to help connect people with the essentials they'll need ahead of the storm.
Amazon has been promoting a "storm readiness" section on its Prime Now site, offering residents in south Florida two hour delivery on essentials such as batteries, flashlights, snacks, and bottled water, with the caveat that there would be limited supplies.
Alyssa Newcomb
Alyssa Newcomb is an NBC News contributor who writes about business and technology.


Please get a second opinion.. I thought an RC was an all or nothing kind of deal..
Hudsongrl is pinpointing the very important thing to do. GET A SECOND OPINION. Partial removal is only an alternative in some cases, not a standard treatment. Get a second opinion from a urologist with many years of experience from bladder cancer.
Last edit: 4 years 10 months ago by Nicke.
Are you seeing Dr. Kozlowski? The removal of the tumor is very important in overall outcome.
Best luck to your husband!
Last edit: 4 years 10 months ago by Hudsongrl.
Thank you soooo much for your responses!!!
My husband had a depression for two days and couldn't tell me exactly what a doctor told him. Finally, yesterday he explained to me that he doesn't need to remove the entire bladder but only some part of it. He feels better and I thing he is ready to fight.


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CBU > Faculty Directory >
Veola Vazquez, PhD
Diversity Coordinator, PsyD Program
Psychological Services of Riverside - Licensed Psychologist
E-mail: vvazquez@calbaptist.edu
Office Location: James 125A
Major Emphasis
PhD Clinical Psychology Rosemead School of Psychology-Biola University 1998
M.A. Clinical Psychology Rosemead School of Psychology-Biola University 1995
B.A. Psychology-Spanish California Baptist College 1993
Psychology and Christian Thought
Lifespan Development (undergraduate)
Psychological Testing/Tests & Measurements
Practicum Supervision
Theories of Counseling
Human Growth and Development (MA and PsyD)
Advanced Psychopathology
Treatment Concerns of Interethnic & Interfaith Families
Personality Testing (PsyD)
Psychiatric Diagnosis (PsyD)
Academic Areas & Scholarly Interests
Interracial Relationships
Child Abuse and Child Welfare
Impact of racism on interracial marriages
Race-related coping vs. religious coping
Parenting mixed-race children
Role of forgiveness in coping with racism
Forgiveness processes among ethnic minorities
Role of forgiveness and micro-aggressions
Development of cultural humility in children
Resilience of cultural minorities and wisdom
Spiritual disciplines and resilience among cultural minorities
Trauma and resilience
Spirituality and coping
Teaching Experience at Institutions Other than CBU
Biola University (1998-2003)
Research, Presentations, & Publications
SELECTED PEER-REVIEWED ARTICLES
Knabb, J. J., Vazquez, V. E., Pate, R. A., Garzon, F. L., Wang, K. T., Edison-Riley, D., Slick, A. R., Smith, R. R., & Weber, S. E. (2021). Christian meditation for trauma-based rumination: A two-part study examining the effects of an internet-based 4-week program. Spirituality in Clinical Practice. Advance online publication. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/scp0000255
Knabb, J., Vazquez, V., & Wang, K. (2020). The Christian Contentment Scale: An emic measure for assessing inner satisfaction within the Christian tradition. Journal of Psychology and Theology. Advance online publication.
Knabb, J. J., Vazquez, V. E., Garzon, F. L., Ford, K. M., Wang, K. T., Conner, K. W., Warren, S. E., & Weston, D. M. (2020). Christian Meditation for Repetitive Negative Thinking: A Multisite Randomized Trial Examining the Effects of a 4-Week Preventative Program. Spirituality in Clinical Practice, 7(1), 34–50. https://doi.org/10.1037/scp0000206
Knabb, J. J., Vazquez, V. E., & Pate, R. A. (2019). 'Set Your Minds on Things Above': Shifting from trauma-based ruminations to ruminating on God. Mental Health, Religion and Culture, 22(4), 384-399.
Knabb, J., Vazquez, V., Wang, K., & Pate, R. (2021). The Christian Gratitude Scale: An emic approach to measuring thankfulness in every season of life. Spirituality in Clinical Practice. Advance online publication. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/scp0000278
Knabb, J. J., Vazquez, V. E., Wang, K.T., Bates, M.T. (2018). "Unknowing" in the 21st century: Humble detachment for Christians with repetitive negative thinking. Spirituality in Clinical Practice, 5(3), 170-187.
Knabb, J.J. & Vazquez, V. (2018). A randomized controlled trial of a 2-week internet-based contemplative prayer program for Christians with daily stress. Spirituality in Clinical Practice, 5(1), 37-53.
Vazquez, V. E., & Bergin, A. (2019). Effectiveness of a specialized inpatient treatment program for substance and alcohol abusing pregnant women. Journal of Drug Issues, 49(3), 436-449.
Vazquez, V. E., & Jensen, G. R. (2020). Practicing the Jesus Prayer: Implications for psychological and spiritual well-being. Journal of Psychology and Christianity, 39(1), pp. 65-74.
Vazquez, V. E., Otero, I., & Goodlow, J. (2019). Relationship stigma and Black-White interracial marital satisfaction: The mediating role of religious/spiritual well-being. Mental Health, Religion and Culture, 22(3), 305-318.
Vazquez, V. E., Stutz-Johnson, J., & Sorbel, R. (2021). Black–White Biracial Christians, Discrimination, and Mental Health: A Moderated Mediation Model of Church Support and Religious Coping. Psychology of Religion and Spirituality. Advance online publication. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/rel0000415
SELECTED PROFESSIONAL PRESENTATIONS
Vazquez, V.E., Senger, S., Esperante, J., & Manya, L. (2021). Religion/spirituality, expectations of discrimination, and distress among biracial Christians. [Poster presentation]. American Psychological Association (APA) 2022 Convention.
Vazquez, V., Arnett, J., Jimenez, F., Ponce, W., Tenorio, J., & Vazquez, A. (2022, March). Multiracial discrimination, religious/spiritual struggles, and race-based stress among biracial Black-White and Asian-White Christians. Paper presented at the Christian Association for Psychological Studies Conference (Virtual).
Knabb, J., Vazquez, V., Hall, M., & Wang, K. (2021, August). The Christian Worldview Scale: An emic measure for assessing a comprehensive view of life within the Christian tradition. In E. Johnson (Chair), Taking worldview (and culture) into account in psychological science [Symposium presentation]. American Psychological Association (APA) 2021 Convention (Virtual).
MacCallum, J. G., Matta, M. H., Chamberlin, S. M., Newman, S. R., & Vazquez, V. (2021, August). Deliberate rumination, trauma symptoms, and posttraumatic growth: The mediating role of Christian gratitude. [Poster presentation]. American Psychological Association (APA) 2021 Convention (Virtual).
Knabb, J. J., Vazquez, V., Pate, R., & Wang, K. (2021, March). An emic approach to gratitude to God: Toward a Christian understanding of thankfulness in all seasons. Paper presented at the Christian Association for Psychological Studies Conference (Virtual).
Vazquez, V., Stutz-Johnson, J. & Sorbel, R. (2021, March). Black-White biracial Christians, discrimination, and mental health. Paper presented at the Christian Association for Psychological Studies Conference (Virtual).
Hess, L., Soto, M., Vazquez, V.E. (2021, March). Embracing your diversity. Presentation/Workshop at the Association for Applied Sport Psychology Regional Conference (Virtual).
Knabb, J. J., Vazquez, V., Pate, R., Edison-Riley, D., Slick, A., Smith, R., Weber, S., Wang, K. (2020, March). Christian meditation for trauma-based rumination: A four-week program. Paper presented at the Christian Association for Psychological Studies Conference, Atlanta, GA.
Knabb, J. J. & Vazquez, V. (2019, October). Christian meditation for repetitive negative thinking:
Theory, research, and applications. Paper presented at the American Association of Christian Counselors World Conference, Nashville, TN.
Vazquez, V. (2019, March). Racism, marital conflict, and Black-White interracial marriage: The role of religious/spiritual well-being. Paper presented at the Christian Association for Psychological Studies Conference, Irving, TX.
Knabb, J. J., Vazquez, V., & Pate, R. (2019, March). "Set your mind on things above": Shifting from trauma-based ruminations to ruminating on God. Paper presented at the Christian Association for Psychological Studies Conference, Irving, TX.
Vazquez, V. (2018, August). Racism and Black-White interracial marital satisfaction: Moderated mediation of marital conflict and religious/spiritual well-being. Poster session presented at the Division 36: Society for the Psychology of Religion and Spirituality Hospitality Suite at the APA Convention, San Francisco, CA.
NON-ACADEMIC PUBLICATIONS/MUTLIMEDIA PRODUCTIONS
Vazquez, V. (2018, November 14). They're an adult: Time to act like one. Biola Center for Marriage and Relationships [Vlog post]. Retrieved from http://cmr.biola.edu/blog/2018/nov/14/theyre-adult-time-act-one/
Vazquez, V. (2018, October 3). Help! My friendships are shallow! [Vlog post]. Biola Center for Marriage and Relationships. Retrieved from http://cmr.biola.edu/blog/author/veola-vasquez/
Vazquez, V. (2018, September 24). APA Convention highlights: Summer 2018. Center for the Study of Human Behavior. [Blog post]. Retrieved from https://blogs.calbaptist.edu/cshb/2018/09/24/apa-convention-highlights-summer-2018/
Vazquez, V. (2018, September 17). What do I do with my kid's crazy emotions? Part 2. Southland Christian Church. [Podcast]. Retrieved from http://sccparents.libsyn.com/s3-e2-my-kids-crazy-emotions-pt-2
Vazquez, V. (2018, September 10). What do I do with my kid's crazy emotions? Part 1. Southland Christian Church [Podcast]. Retrieved from http://sccparents.libsyn.com/my-kids-crazy-emotions-part-1
Vazquez, V. (2018, July 27). Five tips for dealing with unsupportive family and friends: The inspired home educator, a Biola Youth Academics blog [Blog post]. Retrieved from http://youth.biola.edu/blog/unsupportive-family-and-friends/
Vazquez, V. (2018, June 12). Dating after divorced: What do I do? Biola Center for Marriage and Relationships [Blog post]. Retrieved from http://cmr.biola.edu/blog/2018/jun/12/dating-after-divorced-what-do-i-do/
Vazquez, V. (2018, February 6). What to think about abuse in relationships: Biola Center for Marriage and Relationships [Blog post]. Retrieved from http://cmr.biola.edu/blog/2018/feb/06/what-think-about-abuse-relationships/
Vazquez, V. (2018). The quarter question: A coin chronicles novel. Double Letter Press, Riverside, CA.
Vazquez, V. (2017). Convinced. Double Letter Press, Riverside, CA.
Vazquez, V. (2017). The penny predicament: Unity study. Double Letter Press, Riverside, CA.
Vazquez, V. (August, 2017). Engaged and Pregnant: Guest expert blog post. Biola University, Center for Marriage and Relationships, online blog.
Vazquez, V. (December, 2017). Boundaries and blended families: Biola Center for Marriage and Relationships [Blog post]. Retrieved from http://cmr.biola.edu/blog/2017/dec/19/boundaries-and-blended-families/
Vazquez, V. (2016). The penny predicament: A coin chronicles novel. Double Letter Press, Riverside, CA.
Vazquez, V. (2016). The nickel nuisance: Unity study. Double Letter Press, Riverside, CA.
Vazquez, V. (2015). The nickel nuisance: A coin chronicles novel. Double Letter Press, Riverside, CA.
Vazquez, V. (2011, Spring). Stagnant or growth. Precious Times Magazine, Viewpoint.
Vazquez, V. (2011, Fall/Winter). Uphill battles. Precious Times Magazine, Viewpoint.
Church Membership & Activities
Orangecrest Community Church
Community Service & Involvement
Women's Retreat Speaker
Interests & Hobbies
Hobbies: Writing fiction, sewing, camping
Family: Married with two children
Personal Philosophy
"Those who know your name trust in you, for you, LORD, have never forsaken those who seek you." Psalm 9:10


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Domaine Romanée-Conti is the world's most expensive wine.Henry Douglas says pay whatever it costs...
The most expensive example of something is not necessarily the best. But this is the case with Burgundy's Romanée-Conti. Made in tiny amounts of rarely more than 500 cases, most bottles hover in price between £12,500 to £15,000 each, which makes it the most expensive wine produced. Romanée-Conti is one of only eight wines produced by the Domaine, which range from La Tâche, Richebourg, Romanée-Saint-Vivant, Corton, Grands Échezeaux and Échezeaux to the even more recherché Le Montrachet.
All of these wines are allocated in limited amounts to serious collectors, which is why it is rare to see a full case for sale. A high proportion ends up on the wine lists of the world's great restaurants, where it is invariably drunk far too young. Wines of this caliber do not usually show their full potential until they are at least 20 or 30 years old, so it is shocking to think that most are drunk before they are even teenagers. I have only witnessed Romanée-Conti being drunk in a restaurant once – by a gentleman surrounded by attentive young women at the Chèvre d'Or on the Riviera. It was the 2000 vintage, but although relatively forward, the bottle hardly had a chance to breathe before being consumed. At the end of dinner there was a dispute about the price of the wine, which was €15,000. The diner thought it was €5,000 – the cost of Échezeaux 2000 immediately above it. It didn't seem to be a problem though: he thumbed out the full amount in €500 bills. Clearly the experience had been worth it.
How does one describe the experience? The most profound DRC bottles I have drunk were La Tâche and Richebourg 1942. It came about because of a mistake. A major collector sold them off – for a song – assuming that because they were older than some DRC he had drunk from a poor vintage, these would be past their prime as well. The power and purity of the fruit were instantly noticeable – even more astonishing considering they were made during the Second World War. The most impressive was the Richebourg, which left a lingering smell of ripe plums in the glass that lasted for hours.
When I visited the Domaine nearly a decade ago, co-director and winemaker Aubert de Villaine gave us a tasting of the latest vintage, then carefully returned every remaining drop back into their barrels. The unassuming de Villaine, now in his seventies, has been producing the wines since 1972. Adam Brett-Smith of Corney & Barrow, the UK agents for the Domaine's wines, sees the master's touch in every single detail of the wines' production. "Aubert has introduced tiny incremental changes over a sustained period of time. Take his introduction of organic and biodynamic principles – this wasn't a knee-jerk reaction – it was something he has been experimenting with for years."
Aubert doesn't take credit for the end production – he fervently believes that it is the terroir, or dirt, in the vineyard that is responsible for the wine's greatness. As he says, "Never forget that if the winemaker makes the wine, it is the soil that makes a Romanée-Conti. Therefore the cultivation and the winemaking must be in total obedience to the great terroir."
Richard Harvey, director of wine at Bonhams, sold a case of the 1988 vintage Romanée-Conti this year for £141,000. "What is extraordinary is that a case of the same wine sold for £42,450 in 2010. That was then the same price as a case of Pétrus 1982, which is now £50,000 a case. In 2011, DRC rose to £74,750 and by 2015 it was valued at £105,750. Obviously, the tiny production has something to do with it: Romanée-Conti makes 500 cases annually, while Lafite and the other First Growth Bordeaux produce around 20,000. The other fact is that Domaine de la Romanée-Conti is the only Burgundy that can be considered as a brand. Of course, it doesn't hurt that the Chinese adore it too."
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Home » IANS » Hockey nationals: Railways face Haryana, MP up against Maharashtra in semis (Preview)
Hockey nationals: Railways face Haryana, MP up against Maharashtra in semis (Preview)
Published on : Sat 16th February 2019, 09:18 PM
Hisar (Haryana), Feb 16 (IANS) Defending champions Railways, Haryana, Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra would take their shot at their spots in the final at the semi-finals of the 9th Hockey India Senior Women National Championship 2019 (A Division), here on Sunday.
In the first semi-final, defending champions Railways will take on Haryana. The match is expected to be competitive as both the teams have registered emphatic victories in their respective quarter-finals. Railways thrashed Madhya Pradesh Hockey Academy 7-0, while Haryana beat Jharkhand 8-3.
All eyes will be on the forwards of the defending champions as they have scored 51 goals in the five matches that they have played so far, with Navneet Kaur being the top-scorer in the competition with 10 goals and Vandana Katariya in the second place with seven goals.
On the other hand, Haryana have only scored 22 goals in the competition with their highest scorer being Devika Sen with four goals. But they will be looking to win the semi-final after losing out at this stage last year as well.
The second semi-final will see last year's runners-up Madhya Pradesh go up against Maharashtra.
Madhya Pradesh made their way through to the quarter-finals after winning three of their four Pool B matches and then defeated Karnataka by 1-0 in the last eight stage. They have scored 19 goals.
Maharashtra, which have eclipsed their last year's quarter-final finish, will be looking to spring another surprise after defeating Punjab in the quarter-finals on Friday.
Out of Maharashtra's 16 goals, forward H. Lalruatfeli has scored six and will be looking to step up again against Madhya Pradesh on Sunday.
ajb/pcj


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I was searching for a Property and found this listing (MLS® #3281574). Please send me more information regarding 26 Main St, Flemington Boro, NJ, 08822-1411. Thank you!
I'd like to request a showing of 26 Main St, Flemington Boro, NJ, 08822-1411 (MLS® #3281574). Thank you!


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Posted on October 18, 2014 October 18, 2014 by Steve
Where is Kosovo?
"Do you want to go to Kosovo?" asked my wife.
Kosovo, hhmmm, where is that? I vaguely recall some trouble there back in the 1990s. Something to do with the break up and civil wars in Yugoslavia. I think it's in the Balkans. I've never been to the Balkans before. Sounds interesting; let's do it.
A view across the city of Pristina, Kosovo.
Our purpose in going to Kosovo was to help lead a week long English-language camp for university students. On our way to and from the camp, which was to be held in Kosovo's Rugova Mountains, we were going to stay in the small capital city of Pristina (only 200,000 residents) for a few days.
After arriving at the new international airport (funded by the EU), we hopped into a taxi for the ten mile ride into the Pristina city center. One thing was clear right away. Most Kosovars love Americans! (This was refreshing to me, after having spent some time in France earlier this summer). The taxi driver was friendly, even though he didn't speak much English. As we drove into the capital city of Kosovar, we saw Bill Clinton Boulevard and a large mural of Bubba himself.
Another view of Pristina.
Kosovars love Americans because the US (along with NATO) helped them in response to Serbian aggression during the Kosovo War of 1999. Kosovo had been a semi-autonomous region of Serbia after the break-up of Yugoslavia. Serbia's people are ethnically Serbs and primarily Eastern Orthodox in religion (~85%), and Kosovo's people are primarily ethnic Albanian and Muslim, (although they are considered to practice Islam to a low standard, with not many regularly attending a mosque). This ethnic and religious tension boiled over in the post-communist, formerly Yugoslav world.
I'm not sure what that mobile phone shop is selling…
The Serbs, under President Slobodan Milosevic, revoked Kosovo's autonomy and a harshly repressive Serbian-led regime was installed. Albanians were largely purged from state industries and institutions.
Kosovars wanted for independence and in response Milosevic sent in secret police, army and paramilitary troops in March, 1999 to crush any dissent.
Widespread violence broke out in Pristina. Serbian and Yugoslav forces shelled several districts and, in conjunction with the paramilitaries, conducted large-scale expulsions of ethnic Albanians accompanied by widespread looting and destruction of Albanian properties. Many of those expelled were put onto trains apparently brought to Pristina's main station for the express purpose of deporting them to the border of Macedonia, where they were forced into exile. The majority of the Albanian population fled Pristina to escape to persecution.
NATO attacked the Serbs in a bombing campaign approved by Clinton. NATO troops entered Pristina in early June 1999 to bring peace. The UN set up a provisional administration to help the Kosovars rebuild their country. The 45,000 ethnic Serbs in Kosovo left to go to Serbia. Kosovo's parliament declared independence in 2008, although even today some countries do not recognize this claim.
Milosevic was subsequently indicted on the war crimes of genocide and crimes against humanity. The trial, which started in 2001, dragged on for five years but Milosevic died of a heart attack while in prison.
An independent nation.
Some friendly Kosovars.
Today Pristina, although struggling economically, is on the upswing. The small city center is lively and full of cafes and restaurants. There aren't many tourist attractions. A popular thing to do is to meet with friends and drink coffee.
While in Pristina we had the opportunity to stay at the home of a man I'll call George. He quickly became my friend and I enjoyed talking with him about Kosovo's history. During the 1990s, George worked as a translator for Kosovar leaders. On several occasions he was in meetings with Milosevic and other Serbs while working for Kosovo.
Mother Teresa.
George also knew Mother Teresa (born Anjezë Gonxhe Bojaxhiu in 1910, in Skopje in neighboring Macedonia, she died in 1997). Mother Teresa was an ethnic Albanian who left home at age 18 to become a Catholic nun and missionary. Mother Teresa was quoted as saying: "By blood, I am Albanian. By citizenship, an Indian. By faith, I am a Catholic nun. As to my calling, I belong to the world. As to my heart, I belong entirely to the Heart of Jesus."
On a visit to Pristina in the 1990s, Mother Teresa stayed at George's home. Regardless of who the guest is, George is a gracious and thoughtful host.
It was amazing to me that George knew both Mother Teresa and Slobodan Milosevic. I can hardly image two people who were farther apart on the spectrum of human life.
As I walked around Pristina, I realized that the future is wide open for the city and for Kosovo. Most of the UN reconstruction and influence from the past 15 years is gone. The conflicts of the 1990s are a generation in the past. The Kosovars, and especially the young people, are taking control of building their own future.
CategoriesEurope, Kosovo TagsAlbanian, Kosovo, Milosevic, Mother Teresa, Pristina, Rugova Mountains, Serbia, Yugoslavia
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