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text:
Both of the Georgia incumbents were re-elected.

See also
 List of United States representatives from Georgia

1800
Georgia
United States House of Representatives

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By Amy Elliott	- Jul 22nd, 2009 03:35 pm
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This week on the podcast, Mark Metcalf meets Jack Covert and Todd Sattersten, CEO and President, respectively, of 800-CEO-READ, a local company that sells business books and promotes great ideas. (We think THEY'RE a great idea!)
Jack and Todd are also co-authors of The 100 Best Business Books of All Time: What They Say, Why They Matter and How They Can Help You. Mark, Jack and Todd discuss the process of writing and publishing a book, from the seed of an idea to making a pitch to submitting P&L statements to your publisher and considering design.
Jack and Todd also talk about the future of books as we know them: how Amazon's Kindle will change the game, whether or not anyone will be able to compete with the Kindle and what will happen to books on paper.
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UFC superstar Brittney Palmer erased any doubt she's still not a phenom by recently dropping a crazy bikini photo shot of herself.
Palmer is one of the most recognizable faces in the UFC. She is one of half of the UFC's most famous octagon girl duo, along with fellow superstar Arianny Celeste. However, she is much more than just a star with the UFC. Check out some of her greatest photos on Instagram.


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Liz Tells Frank What Happened In…
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Liz Tells Frank What Happened In "The Following" Pilot
Posted by Liz Shannon Miller
Oh, ugh, she said in advance. What have I signed up for?
Tonight's viewing of The Following's pilot comes by reader request, and even though she immediately regretted making that request, I remain a slave to our loyal readers. It's only 44 minutes long, Frank! How bad could it be?
Sigh. Time for gross serial killer drama seen fit to be aired on a major broadcast network!
We start off in prison. Not so fun (despite what Orange is the New Black might have you think) especially after a whole bunch of guards get murdered! Poor guards.
And now poor Kevin Bacon, who's living in Brooklyn (WHAT A HIPSTER) and guzzling water in the morning because he is a druuuuunnnnnk because he is TORTURED by that time he totes caught James Purefoy being a crazypants murderer. (And he wrote a book about it! That apparently matters for some reason.)
A note about James Purefoy: James Purefoy belongs to an illustrious group that I refer to as The Amorphous Blob of Handsome British Actors. These actors are the Kryptonite to my super-power (memorizing IMDB listings): Basically, no matter how I try, I cannot tell these actors apart and/or remember their names. Literally, in the first draft of this post, Frank, I referred to James Purefoy as "XXXXXX" — I went back and looked his name up later.
Point is, Kevin Bacon's back on the case after James Purefoy escapes from prison, though Kevin does pack his trusty vodka in a water bottle because he is TORTURED, Frank, I don't know if I can be more clear about this.
Also tortured is Maggie Grace from Lost! She got stabbed by James Purefoy in 2004, and is now under guard. Another person who is under guard is James Purefoy's ex-wife, who (spoiler alert for I'm guessing twenty minutes from now) was fucking Kevin Bacon back in the day. IRONY! She has a son. I bet he's Kevin Bacon's secret son, because nothing about this show feels particularly unpredictable.
Now that things have stopped happening so fast and characters are no longer being introduced, I'm pretty bored. Oh, wait, we just learned that Kevin Bacon is on disability because he has a pacemaker because that's a treatment you might receive for a stab wound to the chest (sure).
I'd been told that this show was full of awful violence stuff, but we're 13 minutes in and nothing particularly awful has happened– OH WAIT, this groupie of James Purefoy's just got naked (save for underpants, because broadcast television) and her body is covered with quotes from stuff and she has a knife and YIKES she just stabbed herself in the head. For reasons.
Kevin Bacon chugs some vodka from his water bottle. I cannot honestly blame him.
There's a prison guard who's under suspicion, and Kevin Bacon and the other cops break into the guard's house to discover that the guard was being trained to be a serial killer by James Purefoy, which the guard acted out by killing his puppy dog–
This is UNPLEASANT TO WATCH. FOR FUCK'S SAKE, FOX. FOR FUCK'S SAKE. 25 minutes to go!
Maggie Grace's next door gay-bours are keeping her company, but she sends them home so that she can stare at the scars James Purefoy left behind when he totes tried to murder her. And now we have a flashback to said murder attempt! Boy, this show is FUN.
James Purefoy looks really tired, by the way. Not as handsome as other handsome men in The Amorphous Blob of Handsome British Actors. Alas.
But he still wants you to be his minion! I mean, friend. That's it. Friend.
Kevin Bacon is now hanging out with James Purefoy's ex-wife, and explaining that he didn't deserve her and she deserved a new chance. I don't know if we'll get to Secret Son's true parentage getting revealed in this episode, but DAMN that's so clearly the case.
Kevin Bacon is also now convinced that Maggie Grace is about to get killed by James Purefoy, because he'll want to "finish what he started." I think Maggie Grace was listed as a series regular, so I think she'll survive?
Wait, Kevin Bacon arrives at Maggie Grace's place to find her missing and the FBI agent guarding her dead. That's right, Frank, MAGGIE GRACE HAS BEEN TAKEN YOUR LIAM NEESON JOKE HERE.
By the way, in Taken Maggie Grace is playing a teenager. In The Following, she is playing a doctor. These two things are separated by a total of four years. Maybe Maggie Grace is a lady Doogie Howser? Or maybe Hollywood doesn't understand the aging of the human body.
Not to totally digress again, but to be honest, Frank, I'd expected there to be a higher body count in this show. I guess it helps that most of the people who have died have died in really horrifying ways.
Oh, no, it's revealed that Maggie Grace's gay-bours live so close next door that someone used their house to break into Maggie Grace's. Blood is everywhere! Sucks to be them! Sucks to be anyone on this show, flat-out.
Wait! The gay-bours weren't really gay! They were working with James Purefoy to help him capture and kill Maggie Grace! This show, man. This show. Kevin Bacon throws a chair.
By the way, Frank, I haven't been mentioning all of the Edgar Allen Poe references that this show incorporates, mostly because they're all pretty dumb, surface Edgar Allen Poe references and life is short.
Oh, good, Kevin Bacon's found James Purefoy, who is wearing a hoodie and beating the shit out of Kevin Bacon with a board. And Maggie Grace is now dead after James Purefoy cut out her eyes. (I guess I was wrong about the series regular thing.) Boy, this show is full of nice calming stuff.
But they nab James Purefoy and take him back to jail, though that probably won't keep him from recruiting more crazy people to do his serial killing bidding. James Purefoy basically taunts Kevin Bacon with this fact, whilst James Purefoy's minions kidnap James Purefoy's I'm-still-pretty-sure-he's-Kevin-Bacon's-secret son.
Frank, here's the problem I have with this show: I get that people are crazy, and that there are real-world examples of people getting obsessed with killers and whatnot, to the point of wanting to marry them or worship them or whatever. But… I guess, I just have to ask — why?
Oh, when I say "Why?" I don't mean "Why do people worship crazy people?" (spoiler alert: it's because people are crazy). I say, "Why make a TV show about them? What's the point? What does it add to the betterment of humanity?"
Nothing, I'm pretty sure is the answer. Absolutely fucking nothing.
Season Two starts in just a few weeks, Frank!
I won't be watching.
Tell someone else:
About Liz Shannon Miller
Liz Shannon Miller is a Los Angeles-based writer and editor, and has been talking about television on the Internet since the very beginnings of the Internet. She is currently Senior TV Editor at Collider, and her work has also been published by the New York Times, Vulture, Variety, the AV Club, the Hollywood Reporter, IGN, The Verge, and Thought Catalog. She is also a produced playwright, a host of podcasts, and a repository of "X-Files" trivia.
View all posts by Liz Shannon Miller »
Posted on January 7, 2014, in All the Spoilers, TV and tagged fox, James Purefoy, Kevin Bacon, Maggie Grace, so tired of serial killers, television pilots, The Following. Bookmark the permalink.	4 Comments.
jackie | January 7, 2014 at 2:13 pm
I really liked the show and it gets better as you go on, but it is predictable
Liz Shannon Miller | January 7, 2014 at 3:30 pm
Am I right about the secret son? I really hope I'm right about that!
Lieke | January 10, 2014 at 6:27 am
I'm so sorry for doing this to you.
I really hated the pilot. I mean, Maggie Grace's character survived and tried to move on from the trauma of having some psycho carve her up. And then the cute gay neighbours (who were basically the first people she trusted and who she thought were her friends) deliver her into the hands of that slimy creep Joe Carroll and she gets murdered anyway. Ugh.
The Poe references are indeed incredibly shallow and stupid. 'Classic Poe' = a punchline on the AV Club forums.
I don't know whether the son is really Kevin Bacon's son, but I wouldn't put it past this show.
Again, I'm so, so sorry.
Liz Shannon Miller | January 10, 2014 at 2:18 pm
Oh, it's okay. I've seen worse. Much, much worse. Zardoz worse. 🙂
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Hi, i want to know if there is a free (not a free trial) video editor for windows that is better than Movie Maker. I also want it to have some features to correct lighting and bad quality video. I know i can't make it perfect but people have said they have made it a little bit better.
You should probably save up some money for a program, but if that is 100% out of the question, Lightworks OR Blender will suit your needs. Although SonyVegas (not free but cheap) or a similar program would be your best bet.
Also, you should probably invest into proper lighting, audio, and camera equipment if you want higher quality videos.
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Alpha Geek Radio: TMS 1252: How edgy is that?
TMS 1252: How edgy is that?
Fletcher said it best. How edgy are your dumb 80's clothes. United has another victim. Karma has it's day. How much for those muddy jeans? Your doritos are singing to me. Recomentals and more on this episode of The Morning Stream.


Choosing the right wedding photographer and package is a very important decision. Not only do you need to find a proficient photographer but a friendly and reliable professional who cares about your big day as much as you do. Before any decisions or bookings are made I like to arrange an initial consultation to meet each other, view the albums, share thoughts and discuss things in more detail. Then I will leave you with everything we discussed to digest and think over, I don't believe in doing the hard sell to persuade you to make a booking. Should you wish to go ahead and make a booking only a 20% deposit is required to secure the date and the remaining balance is due within 28 days of your big day.
He captured it beautifully and for me especially.


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End of Year Review
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Summercamp Festival 2013 feat. Ghostpoet, Martha Wainwright, Delphic, Mount Kimbie and more: Camp and Furnace, Liverpool
on	 9th September 2013 Live reviews
Summercamp Festival nestled in neatly with a bustling Liverpool Bank Holiday, Getintothis' Mike Townsend, Emma Walsh and Sean Bradbury got the deckchairs out and tied their knotted hankies.
Cast under the Liverpool International Music Festival umbrella, Summercamp Festival promises a 'village fete meets bloc party' among the spacious setting of Camp and Furnace.
It must have been no short order to arrange Summercamp, given that across the rest of the city thousands of other acts were looking to tear up myriad venues.
But credit where it's due, Summercamp still managed to successfully jot down a wide array of heavy-hitting names into its booking ledger; Martha Wainwright, Ghostpoet, Steve Mason, Mount Kimbie and many others were all present and correct.
The gorgeous weather and high pedestrian traffic that engulfed Liverpool could only serve to pique interest in the whole circus.
Of course, life being what it is (if we may condense Sartre, "nauseous") not everything went to plan.
A couple of cancellations and a number of reshufflings served to cause a certain amount of confusion and frustration, but Summercamp ultimately provided the knockout punches where it mattered: on stage.
Mount Kimbie at Summercamp, Camp and Furnace
During our interview with them earlier this year, Mount Kimbie's Dominic Maker spoke in detail about the duo's new live show, suggesting that alongside their second album Cold Spring Fault Less Youth they have moved on from the awkward bedroom producers into a live juggernaut.
The addition of drummer Andy Ramsey is the driving force behind this transformation, allowing Maker and Kai Campos to concentrate on the timbre and resonance of their songs, safe in the knowledge that the beat is being maintained elsewhere.
Opening with Carbonated, arguably the most iconic song UK electronic music has produced in the last ten years, a healthily populated Furnace pulsates with that mesmerizing beat and looping reverb snare, slowly leading us towards an intoxicating, erratic finale of stabbed vocal samples and a trickle of raindrops.
Slow and Made To Stray, two highlights from Cold Spring…, have an almost post-rock feel to them, traversing a tightrope of textures before Campos and Maker's vocals creep towards the climax.
Mayor seems like its drawn the set to a close before Kampos erupts into a virtuoso MPC routine, delivering the final blow in this explosive, exhilarating performance.
The frailty of their recorded material is replaced by a robust, almost hostile energy tonight, and fuck is it exciting.
Joy Formidable at Summercamp, Camp and Furnace
There are only three of The Joy Formidable but the way their powerpop noise engulfs the big room, you could be forgiven for thinking half of their native Wales was on stage.
Their performance takes off with Cholla and refuses to come back down. Ritzy Bryan's wild eyed interactions with the crowd were one of the highlights when Getintothis caught the band at the Kazimier back in January.
While they are clearly less appreciable in a larger venue, the three-piece's raucous riffing and boundless energy keep the Furnace's home fires burning.
Back at Camp, Eagulls were soaring at a moody and effortless full throttle, driven by thunderous bass and thrashing twin guitars. Frontman George Mitchell's skeletal howl falls somewhere on the register between Jarvis Cocker and Sid Vicious, delivered with an irresistible Northern snarl.
There are no solos and no bullshit here, just a blistering and breathless garage punk assault.
Martha Wainwright brought huge vocals to the Camp stage sweeping over bright chords accompanied by an authoritative left foot stomp.
Her heady mix of indignation and heartfelt tenderness – and that trademark breathy yelp – make for an endearing live spectacle even if some of the material is a little samey.
She combated festival chatter adeptly with both rousing swells of volume and captivating fingerpicked subtlety.
Her set was cut slightly short with what seemed to be a sudden rush of illness, one (possibly) eagle-eyed and (certainly) addled Summercamper assuring those around him that she is pregnant.
Spectrals at Summercamp, Camp and Furnace
There was plenty of action to be had earlier in the day, of course.
Three late developing sixth-formers claiming to be Yorkshire's Spectrals look to utilise the energy that youth brings but Karaoke and A Heartbeat Behind fall on the wrong side of The Fratellis, as Louis Jones' usually deliberate vocals wander aimlessly with no real purpose or resolution.
There is simplicity to their Wichita debut Sob Story, which translates into that sort of meat and potatoes charm that British rock music is often celebrated for.
Today though, the monophonic guitar lines and two-dimensional structures sound very detached and well, oddly disaffecting.
Maybe it's the setting; people are either at the bar tasting some deep country ale or consoling their children foaming at the mouth because of the noise.
Courteous head nodding is about the close the rest of us get to dancing, as Jones commends the kids at the festival with a sarcasm that dodges the beaming parents. Most bands would struggle to engage a crowd this disinterested.
Or maybe the chicken came before the egg – we're not sure.
London three piece We Were Evergreen have emerged favorably from the capital's post-Noah and The Whale wave of folktronica bands.
Used derogatorily or not, the word "twee" has forced itself beneath the narrative of this promising young act, and as male/female vocal counterpoint and ukulele solos litter their debut singles, you'd be a brave man to play them with your windows down.
Today though, there is an impressive energy about their performance, as throbbing synths and a weighty bass drum propel the 'tronica' parts of Leeway and Baby Blue into prominence, transforming them into animated, energetic triumphs.
Merchandise at Summercamp, Camp and Furnace
Florida post-punks Merchandise are the best booking of the weekend, with the prospect of their 80s tinged mope-rock mini album Totale Nite in a live setting promising to be a spectacle.
Draped in black and sporting almost opaque Wayfarers, front man Carson Cox bravely trudges on amidst a cacophony of derivative sniggers.
Stereophonics on Jools Holland this ain't though, turning the Furnace into a dust bowl and rattling through the likes of Who Are You? and I'll Be Gone with the kind of confidence it took Johnny Cash sacks full of amphetamines to muster.
This ferocious and ludicrously self-assured set culminates in Anxiety's Door and oh man; what a song.
This is best-of-the-year stuff and the sort of tune that defines careers, with the eerily familiar She Sells Sanctuary programmed rhythm and plaintive, overdrive lead guitar drenching Cox's distant wail in a mighty wall of sound.
Thanks to Merchandise's performance, Summercamp Festival was the recipient of an early heady and potent shot in the arm.
The Staves have gathered somewhat of a cult following here in Liverpool, with several celebrated support slots and Jessica Stavely-Taylor, one third of the trio of sisters, studying at our very own LIPA.
Vocally it's gorgeous, with watertight harmonies humbly sitting on top of what are actually, very simple and traditional folk songs.
Lads are hugging their girlfriends from behind; teenage girls are filming every moment from the iPhones with tears streaming down their face, as the whole performance proceeds with that sort of shallow, nauseating over-sentimentality that has plagued mainstream UK music recently.
Nu-folk seems to have nestled between a place where the aesthetic of emotion and actual human emotion can mean the same thing. This is detached to the point where it isn't even escapism; it's just distant.
Maybe we're being too cynical, but we did just pay £8 for a cheeseburger so life seems a bit dark at the moment.
The Camp and Furnace feels beaten on day two of Summercamp Festival.
Footsteps have to be peeled off the floor, the smell of stale beer fills the air and barmen hunch tiredly over the beer taps with a look of forlorn overshadowed only by the hungover parents.
Considering the sheer scale of scheduling chops and changes over the course of the Summercamp weekend it was something of a relief to turn up and find the right band on the right stage at the right time.
Any other weekend that level of reshuffling might have been the nail in the coffin, but this is the August Bank Holiday weekend! This is Summercamp! The sun's shining, there's music and beer and boss pies! A little optimism, if you will. Please? Just say you'll try at least.
Delphic at Summercamp, Camp and Furnace
Delphic felt like a real festival showstopper, looking like silhouettes bouncing in and out of drifts of dry ice and strobe to their dance-pop sound. They transform the Furnace into a different place with a sonic volt of high energy and a fit-inducing light show.
Ghostpoet's reputation precedes him and his appearance at Summercamp, after a fantastic Liverpool show earlier this year, comes with a certain caveat of hype. Could he match expectations?
Turns out he could and he did, even exceeding it with so much cool and confidence it's no surprise why he's sauntered onto centre stage of the British hip hop scene.
His stream-of-consciousness lyrics flow with a sleepy kind of charm, accompanied by a hypnotic wave of beats and subtle hints of orchestral strings lulling the Furnace crowd into easy submission.
The series of unfortunate events which led to his switching days was Saturday's great loss and Sunday's festival highlight.
Steve Mason at Summercamp, Camp and Furnace
Steve Mason bounds on stage and despite Axl Rose levels of punctuality, is received warmly by one of the biggest crowds of the weekend.
Waving unapologetically and flanked by a bassist that makes Seasick Steve look like Mitt Romney, he launches into Lost and Found and Am I Just a Man with remarkably clean vocals for a guy with paint down his jeans.
Drawing largely from his excellent 2010 effort Boys Outside, it is the slower numbers that stand out, with the title track and All Come Down morphing into flag-waving, Joshua Tree-sized ballads.
Fire! is introduced alongside a wince-inducing delve into political rhetoric, as Mason implores the audience to get rid of all political parties and try their hands at anarchy.
Forgetting the fact that the only logical next step for a society after anarchy is dictatorship, this is hardly Luther King at The Lincoln Memorial, and this song like many on the difficult Monkey Minds In the Devil's Time lacks the vulnerability and softness of his earlier material as the performance begins to lull.
Time constraints mean that there is no time for any Beta Band, as Mason swiftly exits with a triumphant fist pump amidst a wail of cheers from the audience (unless you are a High Fidelity fan).
Earlier, another slew of bands had plied their trade.
Wave Machines are up there with the city's best right now, nominated for the GIT Award earlier this year and picking up a healthy national following.
Tim Bruzon's mischievous falsetto on I Hold Loneliness and the excellent Ill Fit meanders across woozy, unsteady hooks, turning up the heat on this humid Sunday afternoon.
With Getintothis being something of a cynical so and so ourselves, we have the utmost love and respect for Ed Harcourt's sharp tongued lyrics and ivory tickling melodies.
Anyone who emulates the likes of Jeff Buckley and Tom Waits is alright in our book, and having served his time on the gigging circuit without any real commercial success, Harcourt is just the right kind of bitter.
He masterfully balances poetic yet snidey social commentaries with all the glamorous drama of a grand piano, but lean too far into the melodrama and you risk making a bit of a knob of yourself.
Harcourt achieved this when he theatrically stopped everything mid-song because of interfering noise from the next room.
With an album of the year under their belt, there is a palpable excitement preceding Dutch Uncles arrival on the Furnace stage.
Fester and Bellio plod along wickedly, with an industrial beat and noodling synths effectively underpinning Duncan Wallis' convincing shriek.
Flexxin, an undisputed champion of this year's summer anthem sweepstakes, confidently builds on impish strings and acupunctural textures to turn into a heart-racing masterpiece.
Switching back to Camp and a folkier atmosphere, Benjamin Francis Leftwich (BFL) took to the stage with his distinctive dreamy lyrics and wheezy, almost asthmatic style of singing which is both at once exhausting and invigorating.
The early evening atmosphere suited BFL's unique style perfectly, lifting the audience into a celestial mood with his breathless vocals while keeping their feet securely on the floor with toe-tapping acoustic flourishes on the guitar.
Looking around it's hard not to think the event criminally underattended, but it turns out that's perfect for BFL as frustrated with the acoustics, he goes unplugged and settles himself on the ground among the audience for the last four songs.
It creates a very suitable 'Kumbaiah around the campfire' atmosphere for the Summercamp crowd.
A little more confident off-stage, Leftwich shows a more of himself to his intimate audience, smiling at singalongs to Atlas Hands and Pictures, surely a lovely way to end his tour.
Ending the set with grateful thanks to his accommodating crowd and special mention to Darren, his sound engineer who had flown in from Ireland especially, and who must have felt like a prize twat sitting off stage while Leftwich went unplugged.
Benjamin Francis Leftwich at Summercamp, Camp and Furnace
James Rand's Lunar Modular eventually grace the Camp stage with their presence following what appears to be a crash course in rocket science.
The set wanders slowly for much of the opening ten minutes, as synth crescendos threaten to penetrate the humid, slow motion theatrics.
Patience is rewarded in abundance though, as a chunkier bass and delicate dub delay swells into a climax bursting with color and energy almost to the point of collapse.
It still can't fill the room, however, and as audience members start to drop at an alarming rate you can't help feel there's a sense of anti-climax in the air – particularly as it's just gone 11.30pm and there is still three hours left of DJs to get through.
By the time Ewan Pearson takes to the Furnace stage at midnight, the situation reaches farcical levels.
Getintothis has been a solitary audience member only once before, but that was due to a wrong turning at the Edinburgh Fringe and a severe lack of any friends whatsoever.
As Pearson flicks between analogue acid-flecked leads and eerie base pounces, Getinothis is literally the last man standing, dancing awkwardly and fondling in our pocket for some kind of mind-altering substance we know isn't there to transport us from this horrible scene.
Look, this is a guy capable of filling Room One at The Warehouse Project, so you do have to ask yourself how this all went so wrong.
Perhaps it's the branding, as Summercamp marketed themselves at the over thirties as some kind of upmarket alternative to the events unfolding elsewhere in the city.
The strong bill of electronic acts largely only capture the attention of a younger generation though, who want more from their festivals than ale tasting and craft fairs and who certainly aren't used to paying £50 for the trouble.
Despite being part of the Liverpool International Music Festival, Summercamp organisers appeared to distance themselves from it.
Greenland Street felt like a gated community, striving to replicate the kind of organic passion and local pride that the events at Sefton Park seemed to have created quite naturally.
Taking into consideration that tickets for Sound City and Field Day are £35 and £45 respectively, it's hard to believe that the organisers thought they were justifying the prices based on the lineup alone, so it was fair to assume (and what they themselves suggested) that the music would be supplemented by various exciting food and arts based events.
They were certainly unlucky with all the artist cancellations and rescheduling, but by pricing the event so expensively, Summercamp set a high standard and rightly exposed themselves to criticism when things didn't run smoothly.
Liverpool International Music Festival seems to have been a success, standing as a testament to this city's fierce pride and passion for music.
Summercamp might not have been regarded as such an unequivocal success as its immediate contemporaries, but there were more than enough bright spots to contend with the obvious disappointments.
There may be a number of obvious factors involved, but at times there is no accounting for attendance. Another crack of the whip is what might be needed here.
As Jim Morrison said in Wayne's World 2, "book them and they will come".
Pictures by Getintothis' Keith Ainsworth and Chris Everett.
Further reading on Getintothis::
Liverpool International Music Festival 2013: its Liverpool Stage feat Tea Street Band, All We Are, GhostChant and more: Sefton Park, Liverpool.
Liverpool International Music Festival 2013: What Getintothis learnt.
Liverpool music 2013: Highs, lows and best of year so far
Liverpool's gig calendar 2013: Guide to essential gigs not to miss the rest of this year
FestEVOL Part One featuring The Tea Street Band, All We Are, Loved Ones, Dogshow, Bird, Dark Horses, The Sundowners, Clang Boom Steam and more: The Kazimier, Liverpool
FestEVOL Part Two feat Outfit, Baltic Fleet, By The Sea, Young Fathers, Wet Nuns, Ady Suleiman & more: The Kazimier, Liverpool
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Getintothis' Top 100 Albums of 2019 – A Year In Review
Albums of the year so far – Getintothis' top 25 staff picks for 2019
Primavera Sound 2019 review, picture gallery and what we learnt from Barcelona
Deeper Cuts Festival – an interstellar new music happening in Liverpool
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The Spectre of the Real is an exhibition of Social Art by a group of 23 artists, held in Brighton 13-21 April 2019 at SEAS Socially Engaged Art Salon.
Five artists gave talks. The first was given by Russell Honeyman, curator, to open the show. The talk concerns the Real, a concept of what lies beneath the illusion of everyday life – it contains a message of hope that we can make a better life, and that art can contribute. Following this, talks were given by Elizabeth Eade, O Yemi Tubi, Loraine Monk and Grant Lambie. Below is link to videos of the talks.


The rotating speed of the screw of the vertical screw conveyor is higher than that of the ordinary screw conveyor. Under the action of centrifugal force, friction is generated between the material and the enclosure. This friction prevents the material from rotating together with the spiral blade and overcomes the gravity of the material falling down, thus realizing vertical conveying of the material.This machine conveyance quantity is small, conveyance height is small, rotating speed is high, energy consumption is big.It is especially suitable for conveying powdery and granular materials with good fluidity, which is mainly used for lifting materials. The lifting height is generally no more than 8 meters.
When material into fixed in slot machine, due to the gravity of the material and its effect and the friction between the slot machine, material piling up at the bottom in machine does not rotate with the helix, and only in a rotating helical vane driven to move forward, like not rotating nut along the rotation of the screw for translational motion, to achieve the purpose of conveying material.The machine is convenient for multi-point loading and unloading, and can be mixed, stirred or cooled simultaneously during conveying. Sensitive to overload, easy to plug; The material has crushing loss, the structure of horizontal screw conveyor is simple, easy to install, maintain and troubleshoot.
Suitable for horizontal or slightly inclined continuous uniform conveying loose material, the working environment temperature is -20~40℃, the temperature for conveying material - 20~80℃.Its rotating speed is relatively low compared with the vertical conveyor, mainly used for horizontal or small inclination transfer for materials, the transport distance is generally not greater than 70 meters.
The spiral tube conveyor is a continuous spiral blade welded inside the cylindrical shell, the cylindrical shell rotates with the spiral blade together. Due to the centrifugal force and friction, the added material rotates with the housing and is lifted, the material under the action of gravity and slide along the spiral surface, make the material with spiral pipe rotation so as to realize the material to move forward, like not rotating along the rotation of screw nut for translational motion, to achieve the purpose of conveying material.
Low energy consumption and low maintenance cost; When feeding at the end, it can adapt to the requirements of uneven feeding, and can complete various technological requirements such as conveying, stirring and mixing at the same time.It is convenient to load and unload multi-point, and can convey materials with higher temperature. Suitable for horizontal conveying of high temperature materials; It has a good adaptability to materials with high temperature, uneven material supply, anti-crushing and anti-pollution requirements, as well as the process requiring multi-point loading and unloading. Practice has proved that it is effective in transporting cement clinker, dry limestone, phosphate ore, ilmenite powder, coal and slag.
The particle size of the material added at the end inlet shall not be greater than 1/4 diameter of screw. The particle size of materials from the intermediate feed inlet shall not be greater than 30mm. In order to ensure the cylinder does not produce deformation, charging temperature must be controlled under 300 ℃. The abrasion of blade and trough is very serious when conveying raw materials.
The screw mandrel of this machine is flexible, so the conveying line can be arranged according to the space curve. According to the length proportion of horizontal and vertical (large dip) sections in the layout line, its working principle is designed according to ordinary screw conveyor or vertical screw conveyor.
For the transmission line needs to be arbitrarily arranged according to the space curve to avoid the situation of material transfer; When too much material or hard material is put into the machine shell, the spiral will float freely without blocking.The noise is small.It is mainly used for horizontal and vertical conveying of materials at the same time. The speed of rotation is generally required to be higher than 1000r/min in vertical transmission.


*Non-gastrointestinal infections for colonoscopy and OGD (all infections minus gastrointestinal infections).
†All infections for screening mammography.
‡Non-respiratory infections for bronchoscopy (all infections minus respiratory infections).
§Non-genitourinary infections for cystoscopy (all infections minus genitourinary infections).


Synästhesie is the German word for Synesthesia, a disorder that assigns a different perception to a sensory stimulation. This is the concept behind the musical project created by Emiliano Di Clemente and Simone Mancin: two minds that perceive different sensations and create together a unique vision. They know each other and begin to collaborate in 2014 in Turin,thanks to the love of both for music genres such as progressive house, new wave, electronica and techno. In the following years come the rst releases, with the EP "Tunnel" on Inlab Recordings, and the tracks on Inner Symphony (Steyoyoke), the single "Lotus" (later remixed by Clawz SG) and the remix of "The Miracle of A Million Lights" by Rauschhaus.Their sets are distinguished by the use of melody and the great variety of sound and genres that characterize the whole project.
Soul Button, Mashk, Clawz SG, Dan Baber, Fractal Architect, Rauschhaus, Synasthesie, Anders., Talking Machines, Lumo.


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Are you looking to go further in life? Start with the education that you need to succeed! You'll find more than just exciting program options at Daymar College – you'll find friendly people who will help you accomplish your career goals! An education from Daymar College – Bowling Green can prepare you for an in-demand career opportunity.


text:
RBZ clamps down on illegal cash deals
THE Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe has banned with immediate effect all cash-in, cash-out and cash-back transactions, which were used by some dealers to extort cash from members of the public.
Further, the cash-in, cash-out and cash-back transactions, had become a source of price instability as traders would charge up to 60 percent if one was not making a cash transaction.
RBZ Director Financial Markets, National Payment Systems Mr Josephat Mutepfa yesterday said it had come to the attention of the apex bank that some economic agents were "engaging in illegal activities abusing the cash-in, cash-out and cash-back facilities thereby compromising the public interest objectives of national payment systems in the economy".
"Notable activities include the buying and selling of cash through mobile money agents at high rates above the approved charges for cash-in and cash-out with some economic agents not banking cash sales under the disguise of cash-back services," said Mr Mutepfa.
"The charging of commissions outside the approved framework adversely affects the smooth operation of payment systems and have the negative effect of distorting pricing of goods and services.
"In view of the above, all mobile payment system providers and merchants are hereby directed to discontinue cash-in and cash-out with immediate effect. Furthermore, all economic agents are, with immediate effect, directed to discontinue cash-back facilities."
He said banks, mobile payment system providers and other economic agents were reminded to ensure that the entire ecosystem operates within the confines of the law and enforce compliance.
An Econet official said yesterday that they were studying the ban. "I can confirm we received the directive and we are looking at it," said the official.
NetOne CEO Mr Lazarus Muchenje and Telecel Zimbabwe CEO Mrs Angeline Vere, were not answering their mobile phones when contacted for comment last night.
Finance and Economic Development Minister Professor Mthuli Ncube told journalists after yesterday's Cabinet briefing that the decision to ban cash-in, cash-out and cash-back transactions was motivated by the desire to reduce the burden on citizens who were needlessly losing value for their money.
"The feeling here was that on the cash-in, cash-out transactions, there was an implicit exchange rate that was applying because of the discounts that these agents were applying; discounts as high as 55 percent or 60 percent on RTGS balances.
"That's what (brought) that directive from the Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe. That is what it is trying to deal with, to make sure that it (discounts for cash) does not become yet another rate," said Prof Ncube.
He said the country was going back to multiple exchange rates and the RBZ ban seeks to try "to close that gap".
"Then over time, obviously cash in circulation will be increased; so we should expect that to happen," said Prof Ncube. Economist Mr Persistence Gwanyanya said the reaction by RBZ on the cash-in, and cash-out transactions "was ostensibly driven by the need to restore sanity in the financial services sector".
"Given the RBZ's primary duty to ensure price and financial services sector stability, the intervention of RBZ is unsurprising as our enterprising population was increasingly abusing the cash-in, cash-out facility by selling cash at exorbitant rates of up to 60 percent.
"However, what is more important is to understand the drivers of these unscrupulous behaviours for more effective policy intervention.
"We expected RBZ to concurrently increase the cash in the economy to recommended levels of 10 percent to 15 percent of money supply, which is also the desired level RBZ indicated in the recently announced Mid-Term Monetary Policy Review," he said.
With the current money supply level of around $15 billion, cash in circulation should be between $1,5 and $2,25billion. Presently, there is about $600 million cash in circulation, which Mr Gwanyanya said was "way lower than the required amounts".
"Whilst it may appear obvious that RBZ should simply increase cash in circulation, the issue is a bit complicated as the leadership has already indicated that the bond notes and coins are on their way out, with new currency coming.
"So it's illogical to increase the amount of money that is being phased out, which speaks to the need to expedite the new currency that was spoken about by the President himself," said Mr Gwanyanya.
- the herald
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text:
Southern Cross University Policy Library Home > Document > Risk Management Policy
Section 1 - Purpose, Scope and Definitions
Vice Chancellor's Executive Group
Heads of Work Units and Directors of Controlled Entities
Manager, Insurance and Risk
Risk Assessments and Management Plans
Operational and Major Project Risk Registers
Strategic Risk Register
Risk Management Action Plan
(1) The purpose of this Policy is to ensure that Risks to the University, its strategic plan or its objectives are identified, analysed and appropriately managed. It does this by creating a framework based on the Australia/New Zealand Standard for Risk Management (AS/NZS ISO 31000:2009) that includes:
processes for the identification and management of University risks;
accountabilities and responsibilities for Risk Management activities; and
communication, monitoring and review mechanisms to ensure that the University's Risk Management activities continuously improve and are responsive to change.
(2) The framework established by this Policy is not intended to eliminate Risk but rather provide structures to support the management of Risks to the University in order to:
maximise opportunities;
minimise adversity;
inform decision making and achieve improved outcomes and outputs;
assist in safeguarding the University's assets, staff, students, finances, property and reputation;
improve the quality of decision making; and
reduce costs through better targeted and more effective controls.
(3) This Policy applies to:
Council members;
staff of the University and its Controlled Entities and partnerships;
contractors; and
adjuncts.
(4) This Policy uses the following definitions:
Major Project means a project deemed by the Vice Chancellor to have the capacity to materially affect the University's operations or ability to achieve its objectives.
Risk is the effect of uncertainty on objectives. The level of Risk is measured in terms of Consequence and Likelihood.
Risk Management means a coordinated activity (or activities) to direct and control the University with regard to Risk.
Risk Management Action Plan means a document maintained by the Risk Manager on behalf of the Audit and Risk Management Committee through with the Committee can retain oversight of Risk issues that are not already reported to the Committee through the reporting processes established by this Policy, as described in Appendix C.
Risk Management Framework means all of the policy, governance and practical structures put in place by the University to manage Risk and includes this Policy, the documentation established by it, the University's policies for managing disruption-related risk (such as the Critical Incident Policy and Business Continuity Management Policy) and Work Health and Safety-related policies.
(5) Risk, and Risk Management, is considered in decision-making at all levels of the University.
(6) The University's management of Risk is proportionate to the ability of the Risk to cause harm to or promote the University and its objectives, regardless of the level of financial exposure associated with it. This means that all of the following must be tailored to the Risk being managed:
the seniority at which decisions are made about managing the Risk and at which oversight occurs;
the comprehensiveness of investigation and consideration of the context, and assessment of the Risk;
the volume of resources (human and otherwise) allocated to managing the Risk;
the number and level of detail of records to be made and kept to document management of the Risk; and
the formality of the monitoring and review processes, and the internal and external communication required.
(7) The Risk Management Framework will be reviewed at least every 5 years to ensure it is fit for purpose.
(8) All staff are responsible for University Risk Management and will comply with the Risk Management Framework, including this Policy. This includes:
understanding the University's objectives and the role that their work unit (or controlled entity) plays in achieving those objectives;
understanding their role in the University and the Risk context relevant to that role;
conducting proportionate Risk Management (see clause 6) appropriate to one's role; and
escalating and reporting significant Risks, or significant changes to the Risk context, to their line manager or, if there is a specific area of the University responsible for oversight of the Risk, to that area.
(9) If a Risk or Risk Management matter is escalated to a staff member in accordance with this Policy, that staff member must provide timely feedback to the reporter about any action intended or taken on that matter.
(10) All staff with line management responsibilities must ensure that Risk Management plays a role in performance management of direct reports.
(11) Council is responsible for overseeing University Risk Management. This includes:
developing and endorsing the University's Risk Management Framework;
approving major decisions that may affect the University's risk profile or exposure; and
annually endorsing the Strategic Risk Register.
(12) The Audit and Risk Management Committee's role and obligations are outlined in its Terms of Reference. Among other things, this involves:
satisfying itself that the University and any controlled entities have appropriate strategies in place to manage their Risks, and reporting its findings back to Council;
considering reports and information from various sources about Risk and Risk Management at the University and reporting on those to Council;
overseeing planning of internal audit activity, including approving the internal audit schedule; and
providing strategic advice to the Vice Chancellor about the University's Risk Management.
(13) The Vice-Chancellor is responsible for:
ensuring that the Risk Management Framework is implemented, communicated and complied with;
ensuring that a Strategic Risk Register is developed each time Council approves a new Strategic Plan and that the Register is reviewed, at least annually;
overseeing management of Strategic Risks by members of the Executive Group and reporting on that to each Audit and Risk Management Committee meeting;
proposing an internal audit schedule to the Audit and Risk Committee for consideration, having mind to the University's objectives and Risks; and
designating projects to be Major Projects and informing the Executive, the Major Project Manager and the Risk Manager of that designation.
(14) Members of the Vice Chancellor's Executive Group are responsible for:
managing, and reporting to the Vice Chancellor on, any strategic Risks that they own;
responding to, and actioning (if appropriate), internal (and external) audit recommendations and items recorded in the Risk Management Action Plan; and
ensuring that key strategic, operational and Major Project Risks within their areas of responsibility are identified, documented and communicated internally.
(15) Heads of work unit and directors of University controlled entities are responsible for Risk Management by their work unit or controlled entity including:
implementing, and ensuring compliance with, this Policy within the work unit or controlled entity; and
maintaining an Operational Risk Register for their work unit or controlled entity, that is reviewed at least annually and sent to the Risk Manager annually for collation.
(16) Managers of Major Projects are responsible for Risk Management of their Major Projects including:
building appropriate Risk Management into their project planning, activities and documentation; and
maintaining a Risk register for the Major Project that is regularly reviewed and sent to the Risk Manager annually for collation.
(17) The Manager Insurance and Risk is responsible for:
managing the Strategic Risk Register process, as directed by the Vice Chancellor;
collating Operational and Major Project Risk Registers annually, providing register owners with feedback to ensure standardisation and making recommendations to the Vice Chancellor about any Risks that the Risk Manager believes should be escalated to the Strategic Risk Register;
providing tools, advice and support to facilitate effective Risk Management including:
monitoring and distributing information about the University's risk environment to the Executive Group, Audit and Risk Management Committee and other internal stakeholders; and
maintaining Risk registers, Risk assessments and Risk Management plan templates on the University's Risk website;
compiling, on behalf of the Vice Chancellor, the Executive Group's update to each Audit and Risk Management Committee meeting about management of strategic Risks;
reporting to the Audit and Risk Management Committee on the Risk Management Action Plan (if in existence) and about any other relevant Risk matters; and
reviewing this Policy and the Risk Management Framework in accordance with clause 7.
(18) The University assesses Risk using the Risk Matrix and Descriptors approved by Council (Appendix B).
(19) Risks with the potential to affect the University's ability to achieve its objectives must be managed using the Risk Management process (Appendix A). Less significant Risks may be managed using the whole or part of that process, provided that management of the Risk is proportionate to the ability of the Risk to cause harm to or promote the interests of the University, as described in clause 6.
(20) Information about Risks and Risk Management must be reported to decision makers, advisers and oversight bodies through regular and ad hoc reporting channels as described in Appendix C.
(21) Wherever an activity, function or decision has the capacity to affect the University's operations or ability to achieve its objectives, a Risk assessment is required before a decision can be made on whether to proceed with or withdraw from the activity, or to escalate the Risk.
(22) The person or body responsible for the activity, function or decision must ensure that the Risks involved are assessed, documented and managed in accordance with clause 6. In the case of Strategic Risks, Major Project Risks and other Risks with the potential to affect the University's ability to achieve its strategic objectives, this must also involve developing a written plan on how Risks will be managed.
(23) The Risk Manager will publish template Risk assessments and management plans on the University's Risk website.
(24) Each work unit, and each controlled entity, will maintain an Operational Risk Register comprised of Risks to the work unit or controlled entity's operations. Each Risk in the Operational Risk Register must be allocated a Risk owner responsible for managing, monitoring and reporting on the Risk.
(25) The project manager of each Major Project will maintain a register of Risks to the Major Project, each allocated to a Risk owner responsible for managing, monitoring and reporting on the Risk.
(26) The Risk Manager annually collates all Operational and Major Project Risk Registers. The Risk Manager will provide feedback to Register-owners to ensure consistency in University documentation and make recommendations to the Vice Chancellor about any Risks they believes should be elevated to the Strategic Risk Register.
(27) The University will maintain a Strategic Risk Register comprised of Risks to the University achieving its strategic objectives. Each Risk in the Strategic Risk Register will be owned by a member of the Vice Chancellor's Executive Group who will be responsible for managing, monitoring and reporting on the Risk.
(28) The University's Strategic Risk Register will be developed as per the process in Appendix D.
(29) The Risk Manager will maintain a Risk Management Action Plan on behalf of the Audit and Risk Management Committee of Risk issues of interest to the Committee that are not already reported on through the processes described in C. The Committee may specify, from time to time, any items to be added or removed from the Plan.


Join an anger class today in our NW Oklahoma City office. It's easy – Just call Linda at (405) 628-7619 to enroll and get started. We have classes and plans for almost every schedule and budget.
Follow NW 59th St to Brookline Ave. and turn right (north) at the white Midtown Apartments high-rise (formerly "Lakeview Towers").
Just past the parking lot for the Midtown Apartments high-rise turn left into the south parking lot at Brookline Office Park.
If you get lost and need directions feel free to call me and I will guide you.


text:
Anthony Davis is day to day with a sprained right thumb
Lakers forward Anthony Davis drives against Nets forward Rodions Kurucs during a preseason game Thursday in Shenzhen, China.
By Broderick TurnerStaff Writer
An MRI exam on Anthony Davis' sprained right thumb Monday revealed no serious damage and the Lakers star is considered day to day.
Davis did not play in the Lakers' 104-98 preseason victory over the Golden State Warriors on Monday at Staples Center.
Davis was injured during the first half of the Lakers' exhibition game against the Brooklyn Nets on Saturday in Shenzhen, China, while trying to block a shot. He had it wrapped in black tape and returned to the court.
He finished the game with six points on two-for-seven shooting, two rebounds and a steal in 12 minutes.
Lakers fall to Nets in China under limited media access
The Lakers lost to the Nets, 114-111, falling to 1-1 in exhibition games this preseason. The game capped a wild week filled with uncertainty.
LeBron James and Golden State's Draymond Green and D'Angelo Russell did not play Monday.
Lakers forward Jared Dudley, who missed the first three games because of a knee injury, played Monday night.
The Lakers and Warriors play again Wednesday night at Staples Center and once more Friday night at the Chase Center in San Francisco.
All things Lakers, all the time.
Get all the Lakers news you need in Dan Woike's weekly newsletter.
Broderick Turner
Broderick Turner is a Los Angeles Times reporter who covers the Los Angeles Lakers and Clippers.
Lakers try to explain faltering at the finish against Warriors
The Lakers threw out plenty of catchphrases following a 115-113 loss to Golden State after leading by 19 points in the first half.
The Lakers lost? Five reasons the Warriors won the game
Lakers' two stars have off nights in loss, but Steve Kerr still likes what he sees
The Lakers faltered at the finish Monday night against the Golden State Warriors. Here are five reasons why.
The pair of LeBron James and Anthony Davis make the Lakers special, but they run into some problems in a 115-113 loss to the Golden State Warriors.
Plaschke: Where's the energy? Staples Center is a strange, cold place without fans
Attending a Lakers game at Staples Center without fans amid the pandemic is a strange experience for players and an exercise in futility for others.
Can the Lakers be the new Warriors with a twist: a LeBron-led dynasty?


text:
City of Kingfisher v. State of Oklahoma (1998)
Reporter Numbers:
1998 OK CIV APP 39, 958 P.2d 170
Oklahoma Court of Civil Appeals
Case Docket Number:
P.J. Stubblefield
REIF, J., and RAPP, J., concur
District Court Case No.:
CJ-1997-2980
Trial Court Judge:
John M. Amick
Appellant Lawyer(s):
Drew Edmondson, James Robert Johnson - OK AGs Office
Appellees Lawyer(s):
Sara J. Boeckman- Kingfisher City Attorney
View Case on OSCN
Appeal Docket Link
District Docket Link
Download Case PDF
Frontier Media Group et al v. Pottawatomie County Public Safety Center Trust (2022)
Open Records Act:
Lawson v. Sequoyah County 911 Trust Authority (2022)
Paulsen v. Wagoner County Sheriff's Office (2022)
State ex rel. Okla. State Bd. of Medical Licensure and Supervision v. Rivero (2021)
Held that executive sessions are a matter of more than local municipality concern, and a city charter that did not allow for executive sessions must yield to state statute (OMA § 307) that allowed for executive sessions under certain conditions. NOTE: This overruled 1980 OK AG 218.
KINGFISHER v. OKLAHOMA
1998 OK CIV APP 39
958 P.2d 170
69 OBJ 1435
Mandate Issued: 04/10/1998
Cite as: 1998 OK CIV APP 39, 0 0, 958 P.2d 170
THE CITY OF KINGFISHER, Appellee,
STATE OF OKLAHOMA; and DREW EDMONDSON, as Attorney General for the STATE OF OKLAHOMA, Appellants.
APPEAL FROM THE DISTRICT COURT OF OKLAHOMA COUNTY, OKLAHOMA;
Honorable John M. Amick, Trial Judge.
¶0 The trial court, by summary judgment, overruled Attorney General Opinion 80-218, 12 Okla. Op. Att'y Gen. 371, and decreed that home rule charter cities, contrary to charter provision that requires all meetings to be open, may conduct executive sessions for certain purposes.
AFFIRMED
Sara J. Boeckman, Kingfisher City Attorney, Kingfisher, For Appellee.
James Robert Johnson, Assistant Attorney General, W.A. Drew Edmondson, Attorney General, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, For Appellants.
Diane Pedicord, Sue Ann Nicely, Oklahoma Municipal League, Inc., Oklahoma City, Amicus Curiae, City of Kingfisher.
Sherry Blankenship, Ted Pool, Pool, Blankenship & Vincent, Oklahoma City, Amicus Curiae State of Oklahoma.
STUBBLEFIELD, P.J.
¶1 The City of Kingfisher, a "home rule" city, filed a petition in the district court seeking a declaratory ruling that Attorney General Opinion No. 80-218, 12 Okla. Op. Att'y Gen. 371 (Opinion), is invalid. The Opinion stated that section 307 of the Open Meeting Act, 25 O.S.1981 §§ 301-314 (Act), does not allow a municipality to enter executive sessions where the charter of the municipality requires all municipal meetings to be public.
¶2 City asserted that it had received a complaint that its executive sessions were in violation of the Act and that City officials had refrained from holding such sessions for fear of legal reprisal. However, City also asserted that it needed to: (1) consult with attorneys regarding pending state and federal litigation and a petition being circulated regarding a bond issue; (2) meet with its attorneys regarding negotiations for the purchase of real estate and utility easements; and, (3) discuss personnel matters, which, if done in open meeting, might violate state and federal labor laws. Thus, City sought declaration that the Opinion is null and void and that its Board could meet in executive session as provided by section 307.
¶3 After the trial court overruled the Attorney General's motion to dismiss, City filed a motion for summary judgment. In response, the Attorney General contended that there was no conflict between the Act and a municipal charter providing for all meetings to be open, because a municipal charter may expand open meeting requirements beyond that required by State law.
¶4 The Oklahoma Municipal League, Inc. (OML), filed an amicus curiae brief in favor of City's position. Its primary position was that a charter requirement that all city council meetings shall be open to the public does not foreclose the council from discussing certain subjects in closed session. It contends:
An executive session is part of an open meeting. It is not convened separately. Nor does it occur in a vacuum. The subject of the session is listed as an item of business for an openly convened meeting, is taken up in open meeting, and is acted on in open meeting. The fact that a discussion of a particular matter occurs without an audience does not render the entire meeting a closed meeting. The meeting is open.
¶5 The OML also maintained that any construction of a charter that prohibits executive sessions for the purposes set forth in section 307 is invalid because it irreconcilably conflicts with the statewide public policy of that statute.
¶6 Brown, Brown, Wood and Schoelen, Inc., (Brown), a corporation involved in pending litigation against City, filed a brief as amicus curiae in opposition to City's petition. Brown claimed that any executive sessions held by the city commissioners would be in violation of both the City Charter and the Act. Brown asserted that a violation of the Act would occur, even though the Act allows executive sessions for the purposes delineated by City, because the City Charter, pursuant to 11 O.S.1991 § 13-109, repeals the Act provisions for specific executive sessions, and the only unrepealed operative section of the Act is the prohibition: "No public body shall hold executive sessions . . . ." Section 307.
¶7 The trial court granted summary judgment to City, overruling the Opinion, and holding that home rule charter cities may conduct executive sessions for purposes allowed under 25 O.S. Supp. 1997 § 307, of the Open Meetings Act, even if city charters state that all meetings must be open to the public. The State and Attorney General appeal, asserting that the trial court erred as a matter of law (l) by ruling that a home rule charter municipality may conduct executive sessions under the Act despite the provision of the municipal charter that all sessions of the municipality governing board must be open to the public; and (2) by overruling the Opinion.
¶8 The facts of this case are not in dispute, and our review is solely upon a question of law. An appellate court [958 P.2d 172] independently reviews questions of law as it is its role to define the law. Baptist Bldg. Corp. v. Barnes, 1994 OK CIV APP 71, 874 P.2d 68.
¶9 In defense of the lower court's judgment, City points to the fact that the court in Oklahoma Association of Municipal Attorneys v. State, 1978 OK 59, 577 P.2d 1310, overruled Attorney General Opinion 77-222, 10 Okla. Op. Att'y Gen. 190, which concluded, under the 1977 version of the Open Meeting Act, a public body could not meet in executive session for the purpose of privately conferring with its lawyers. The court in that case, noting the attorney-client privilege recognized for public officers and agencies in 12 O.S. Supp. 1977 § 418.2,1 established that there are exceptions to the then-statutory limitation on executive session. The court held that a public body could engage in executive session with its attorney "concern[ing] a pending investigation, claim, or action, and disclosure of matters discussed would seriously impair the ability of the public body to process the claim or conduct the pending investigation, litigation or proceeding in the public interest." Id. at ¶19, 577 P.2d at 1315.2
¶10 City's Charter, adopted in June 1910, art. IV, § 3, in regard to the City's governing Board provides: "All sessions of said Board, whether regular or called shall be opened to the public." (Emphasis added.) That charter was amended in 1984, but the provision relative to open meetings remained unchanged.
¶11 The Open Meeting Act, 25 O.S. Supp. 1997 §§ 301-314, was promulgated in 1977. The Act has been amended twelve times. However, except for certain provisions relative to a board of education and exempting specifically enumerated "public bodies," there were no significant changes in the statutes relative to permissibility of executive sessions until 1993.
¶12 The two amendments made in 1993 broadened significantly those instances in which executive sessions were permissible under section 307 by providing:
A. No public body shall hold executive sessions unless otherwise specifically provided in this section.
B. Executive sessions of public bodies will be permitted only for the purpose of:
1. Discussing the employment, hiring, appointment, promotion, demotion, disciplining or resignation of any individual salaried public officer or employee;
2. Discussing negotiations concerning employees and representatives of employee groups;
3. Discussing the purchase or appraisal of real property;
4. Confidential communications between a public body and its attorney concerning a pending investigation, claim, or action if the public body, with the advice of its attorney, determines that disclosure will seriously impair the ability of the public body to process the claim or conduct a pending investigation, litigation, or proceeding in the public interest;
6. Discussing matters involving a specific handicapped child; or
7. Discussing any matter where disclosure of information would violate confidentiality requirements of state or federal law.
¶13 Relative to "home rule" and the supremacy of charter provisions over Oklahoma statues, 11 O.S.1991 § 13-109, provides:
Whenever a charter is in conflict with any law relating to municipalities in force at the time of the adoption and approval of the charter, the provisions of the charter shall prevail and shall operate as a repeal or suspension of the state law or laws to the extent of any conflict.
¶14 However, noting that a city charter draws its legal vitality from Okla. Const. art. 18, § 3(a) and from the implementing provisions of 11 O.S.1991 § 13-101, the Supreme Court in Simpson v. Dixon, 1993 OK 71, ¶21, n.42, 853 P.2d 176, 186, n.42, stated:
[958 P.2d 173] Charter provisions, which have the force of a city's fundamental law, supersede state law only when they affect a subject that is deemed to lie exclusively within municipal (or local) concern. All conflicting charter provisions must yield to the State's Constitution and to the general laws which govern state functions. (Footnotes omitted.) (Emphasis added.)
Id. at ¶21, 853 P.2d at 186.
¶15 The court in Reed v. City of Tulsa, 1977 OK 159, ¶8, 569 P.2d 451, 453, established that the test as to whether a home rule municipality's laws control over conflicting state statutes is: "Whether the power being exercised is purely municipal, or whether there is a wider public interest involved." Thus, our inquiry must focus on whether the city charter provision is strictly local or whether it has broader implications.
¶16 Herein, City contends that all municipalities with similar charter provisions are affected because their officials are caught in the same quandary — they can be held in willful violation of the City Charter and/or the Open Meeting Act if they hold executive sessions, but could be liable for claims pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 1983, if they deliberate relative to certain issues in a public meeting. City also claims that if the Opinion stands, the governing officials in any municipality with a similar law are restricted substantially in their protection of private rights as well as the public interest in matters of claims, litigation and bargaining for and purchase of land.
¶17 We are somewhat persuaded by OML's analysis that a private discussion session, where allowed by section 307, held as part of an open meeting, does not contravene City's Charter provision requirement for "all" open sessions. However, we must also conclude that such a charter provision addresses matters not purely of municipal concern.
¶18 A review of the areas of statutorily permissible executive sessions indicates clear intent to protect public and private interests. Non-public discussion regarding matters of employment, a specific child with a disability, and information protected by confidentiality laws insures protection for the reputations of private individuals, which might be affected by public discussion and comment. Aside from this individual protection, a clear public benefit accrues from avoidance of possible costly litigation that might result from open expression on these sensitive matters.
¶19 Private discussions regarding collective bargaining and purchase or appraisal of real property safeguards municipalities' bargaining position and insures sound application of public funds.3 Likewise, allowance of confidential communications between a public body and its attorney protects the public interest by insuring there is no impairment of the ability of a public officer or agency to process a claim or conduct pending investigation and/or litigation, or to proceed in the public interest. 12 O.S.1991 § 2502(A)(2).
¶20 The permissible executive session provisions promulgated by the legislature in section 307 reflect legislative protection of private and public interests that go well beyond matters of purely municipal concern. A much wider public interest is involved. Therefore, the conflicting municipal law must yield. Reed, 1977 OK 159 at ¶8, 569 P.2d at 453.
¶21 Based on the foregoing analysis, we find that the lower court properly overruled Attorney General Opinion 80-218 and granted summary judgment to City.
¶22 AFFIRMED.
¶23 REIF, J., and RAPP, J., concur.
1 Now codified at 12 O.S.1991 § 2502(A)(2).
2 As hereinafter noted, the subsequent 1993 amendments to section 307 provide for executive session for confidential communication between a public body and its attorney.
3 As stated in Oklahoma Association of Municipal Attorneys, 1978 OK 59 at ¶9, 577 P.2d at 1313, quoting from Sacramento Newspaper Guild v. Sacramento County Bd. of Supervisors, 69 Cal. Rptr. 480 (Cal. Ct. App. 1968): "If the public's 'right to know' compelled admission of an audience, the ringside seats would be occupied by the government's adversary, delighted to capitalize on every revelation of weakness."


The ecstatic love poems of Rumi, a Persian poet and Sufi mystic born more than eight centuries ago, are beloved by millions of readers in America as well as around the world. Rumi has been compared to Shakespeare for his outpouring of creativity and St. Francis of Assisi for his spiritual wisdom. Yet his life has long remained the stuff of legend rather than intimate knowledge.In this breakthrough biography, Brad Gooch brilliantly brings to life the man and puts a face to the name Rumi, while at the same time vividly coloring in his time and place-a world as rife with conflict as our own. The map of Rumi's life stretched over 2,500 miles. Gooch retraces this epic journey from Central Asia, where Rumi was born in 1207, traveling with his family-who were displaced by Mongol terror-as they settle in Konya, Turkey. Pivotal was the disruptive appearance of Shams of Tabriz, who, in the 1240s, taught Rumi to whirl and transformed him from a respectable Muslim preacher into a poet and mystic. Their vital connection as teacher and pupil, friend and beloved, is one of the world's greatest spiritual love stories. When Shams disappeared, Rumi coped with the pain of separation by composing joyous poems of reunion, both human and divine.