text:
Re-imagining the non-native speaker
September 21, 2011 | Sherrie Lee | Teaching, TESOL
A short essay on the debate on who makes a better English teacher: a native or non-native speaker of English
Advertisements for English teachers often stress native speakers (NSs) in their hiring requirements, thus denying those labeled as non-native speakers (NNSs) jobs even if they are qualified teachers (Reis, 2011, p. 140), as well as reinforcing discrimination against NNSs in their profession. As noted by Rubdy, the NS is privileged "not only in decisions concerning the norms for determining the most appropriate models for teaching the language, but also in recruiting teachers." In fact, the dichotomy between NS and NNS is "often essentialised by non-native speakers themselves, thus actively contributing to the adoption of such beliefs and their own disenfranchisement" (Rubdy, 2009, 158 – 159). This paper examines the debate about whether the NS is superior to NNS, highlights the global context of the English language, and addresses the challenges for the non-native English-speaking teacher (NNEST). In addition, this paper argues that the NS/NNS dichotomy is flawed for three reasons: i) every language user is a speaker of his or her own unique language; ii) the use of English has expanded well beyond the countries where English originated from; and iii) the NS/NNS dichotomy does not reflect the sociolinguistic complexities of language learning. Instead of viewing NS and NNS as a dichotomy, a continuum should be used to reflect the varying types and degree of proficiency of any English speaker.
Who is the Ideal English Teacher?
The NS is assumed to be "inherently [a] better language teacher than [a] NNS" (Reis, 2011, p. 140) because the NS comes from a country (e.g. United States and United Kingdom) where English originated from and the accompanying culture dominates in. Apart from the notion that "speakerhood relates to birth within a particular country" (Holliday, 2008, p. 121), the acceptance of the NS as an English teacher is tied up with ethnicity and race. For example, an ethnic Chinese who was born in the United States would not necessarily be considered an ideal English teacher because he or she "doesn't look right", never mind that "the birth criterion for being a 'native speaker' is fulfilled" (Holliday, 2008, p. 121).
The arguments against the NS as the ideal teacher include distinguishing language proficiency from teaching ability, as well as citing the advantages of having NNS as teachers. For example, the TESOL association, in their position statement (2006), states that "[t]eaching skills, teaching experience, and professional preparation should be given as much weight as language proficiency. … All educators should be evaluated within the same criteria" (in Reis, 201, p. 140). In addition, Moussu & Llurda highlight various advantages of the NNEST. For example, the NNEST, who learned English as a second language (L2) can "empathize very well with their students' learning difficulties" better than the native English-speaking teacher (NEST) who learned it as a first language (L1). Also NNESTs can be "greatly admired by their students because they are successful role models and often very motivated" (2008, p. 322).
Who is a Native Speaker anyway?
While the above arguments work with the NS and NNS labels, another set of arguments question the very label and identity of the NS, showing how inappropriate and false the dichotomy between the NS and NNS is. According to Moussu and Llurda (2008), "three arguments have been used to attack the legitimacy of the dichotomy:" i) everyone is a native speaker of his or her own unique language; ii) English has become an indigenized language in many countries outside the circle of BANA (British, Australasian, North American) countries; and iii) the NS/NNS dichotomy does not reflect the complexities of language learning in the local context. (p. 317).
The first argument that every language user is in fact a native speaker of a given language means that "speakers cannot be divided according to whether they have a given quality (i.e., native speakers) or they do not have it (i.e., non-native speakers), based on whether English is their first language or not" (Nayar, 1994, in Moussu & Llurda, 2008, p. 316). This dichotomy, Nayar argues, shows the "unfairness of Anglo-centrism, through which English is taken as the only language in the world that deserves attention." While some view this dichotomy as linguistic elitism, others consider it linguistic imperialism. The exclusivity of the English language is further questioned in terms of the concept of the ownership of English.
Who Owns the English Language?
The central point of the second argument is that English has become an indigenized language in many of the countries where English is not the native tongue but is an official language (what Kachru categorized as the Outer Circle countries) and therefore "speakers of English in such countries cannot be dismissed as non-native speakers of English just because they do not speak a centre variety of the language" (Moussu & Llurda, 2008, p. 317). Furthermore, as English spreads to the Emerging Circle countries where it is used as a foreign language or lingua franca (or contact language), "learners may be producing forms characteristic of their own variety of English, which reflect the sociolinguistic reality of their English use … far better than either British or American norms are able to" (Jenkins, 2006, p. 168). In fact, the number of so-called non-native speakers "vastly outnumber" native speakers (p. 158) such that the idea of the BANA countries 'owning' English becomes untenable, thereby weakening the dichotomy between NS and NNS.
What do the Labels Really Mean?
The third argument against the NS/NNS dichotomy is that it lacks contextualization, "on the grounds that it disregards the interdependence between language teaching and the local context where it takes place" (Moussu & Llurda, 2008, p. 317). Evidence from case studies show how individuals who could not easily self-identify as either NS or NNS. In Menard-Warwick's (2008) case studies , for example, two "intercultural teachers" show how the NS/NNS dichotomy fails to take into consideration their particular circumstances and context. One teacher, 'Ruby', is an adult ESL teacher in the United States who was born in Brazil to an American father and an English mother who were both bilingual in English and Portuguese. Her language proficiency in English was not consistent during her childhood but she eventually regained a native-like proficiency in English by the time she finished high school in the United States. Another teacher, 'Paloma', is a university-level Chilean EFL teacher who was born in a Spanish-speaking family in Chile and acquired English initially through academic study as a Chilean university and developed 'near-native' proficiency after 20 years in the United States. In both examples, both teachers have had deep contact with the so-called native source of English, the United States, and possess the linguistic and cultural competencies of the NS despite not being born in and having grown up in the United States.
Using a Continuum, Not Labels
The three arguments which challenge the NS/NNS dichotomy compels us to use alternative paradigms in addressing the legitimacy, proficiency and relevance of the English that any user possesses, and by extension, compels us to reconsider the divide between the NEST and the NNEST. Since English no longer operates in a monolingual and monocultural environment, the teaching and learning of English must accommodate the personal linguistic biographies and contexts of the teacher and learner. Hence there is no justification for the ideal English teacher to be the fair-skinned expert from an originating country of the language. Furthermore, the labels 'native speaker' and 'non-native speaker' perpetuate too simplistic a divide which remains largely unexamined and unquestioned by the majority of those who use it.
Instead of using NS/NNS labels, a continuum can be used to account for "all possible cases between the two extreme options, each corresponding to the two idealized notions of what traditionally was considered a native speaker and a non-native speaker" (Moussu & Llurda, 2008, p. 318). I would further suggest that this continuum introduce objective yardsticks such as technical competence (e.g. reading and writing skills), communicative competence (e.g. giving and receiving instructions), and intercultural awareness (e.g. a person asking "How are you?" may not be expecting a detailed explanation of your current state of affairs).
In light of the above discussion, I propose that all English teachers, regardless of country of origin, accent, race, cultural background, be given a new name: culturally competent English language teachers (CCELTs). Following from the proposed continuum, the CCELT can be evaluated against more neutral terms of reference which relate to the real challenges that face TESOL students: to be linguistically and communicatively competent in a global context of English used as first, second and contact languages. In addition, the ideal CCELT possesses multicultural pedagogical skills, as well as multicultural interpersonal awareness and skills. Examples of such multicultural skills include addressing the different learning styles of students of different ethnic backgrounds, and being sensitive to body language and its intended signals when interacting with a diverse group of students.
In nurturing ideal CCELTs, all teachers should look at one another as belonging to a "cooperative learning community and consider their development holistically" (Matsuda 1997, in Moussu & Llurda, 2008, p. 323). TESOL teacher preparation programs and hiring organizations should aim at developing CCELTs who are comfortable and confident in managing competencies regardless of perceived 'differences' and 'otherness'.
Despite the realities of discrimination against NNESTs, the changing nature of the contexts of use of the English language will require all stakeholders re-examine their previously held convictions of NS/NNS labeling in order to prepare English learners for the real world of English, as well as make the English teaching landscape a more equitable playing field for all teachers, thus making the TESOL profession a true profession. Those labeled as NNESTs, in particular, must themselves embrace their unique identity in shaping the English language teaching and learning landscape by demonstrating high levels of competence in language, culture, communication and pedagogy.
Personally, as a Chinese Singaporean with demonstrated competence in the English language, 'native' and 'non-native' English cultures, cross-cultural communication skills and pedagogical delivery, I am determined to succeed as a TESOL professional by continually demonstrating not just competence, but also how relevant my English language biography is to my teaching context.
This paper was written for a course in the MAT-TESOL at USC in July 2011.
Holliday, A. (2008). Standards of English and politics of inclusion. Language Teaching, 41:1, pp. 119 – 130. Cambridge University Press.
Jenkins, J. (2006). Current Perspectives on Teaching World Englishes and English as a Lingua Franca. TESOL Quarterly, 40(1), pp. 157 – 181.
Menard-Warwick, J. (2008). The cultural and intercultural identities of transnational English teachers: Two case studies from the Americas. TESOL Quarterly, 42(4), pp. 617 – 640.
Moussu, L. and Llurda, E. (2008). Non-native English-speaking English language teachers: History and research. Language Teaching, 41:3, pp. 315 – 348. Cambridge University Press.
Reis, D.S. (2011). Non-native English-speaking teachers (NNESTs) and professional legitimacy: a sociocultural theoretical perspective on identity transformation. International Journal of Society and Language 208, pp. 139 – 160.
Rubdy, R. (2009). Reclaiming the local in teaching EIL. Language and Intercultural Communication, 9(2), pp. 156 – 174.
Teaching English as an International Language and the Culture Concern (teacherlingo.com)
Non-native English Speakers in Philosophy (philosopherscocoon.typepad.com)
ChileEducationEnglish as a foreign or second languageEnglish languageeslFirst languageForeign languageNNESTTeacherUnited States
Previous The truths about teaching English
Next The Google I Never Knew
3 thoughts on "Re-imagining the non-native speaker"
marekkiczkowiak says:
Hi Sherrie,
Thanks for this balanced and in-depth discussion of the problem. You make some very interesting points. I particularly like your final suggestions which propose abandoning the black and white view in favour of a continuum. You also make a very important point when you say that 'introduce objective yardsticks such as technical competence (e.g. reading and writing skills), communicative competence (e.g. giving and receiving instructions), and intercultural awareness (e.g. a person asking "How are you?" may not be expecting a detailed explanation of your current state of affairs).'
Finally, I thought you hit the nail on the head when you wrote that teachers should be assessed 'related to the real challenges that face TESOL students: to be linguistically and communicatively competent in a global context of English used as first, second and contact languages.' It is bizarre that no recruiters actually ask their students if they would like to have classes with NESTs. They just assume students do while most studies have shown, students don't mind.
I was wondering if we could publish this post as a guest post on TEFL Equity Advocates. It would obviously include a link to your blog, so that the readers can easily find it. Alternatively, I would love to see a different post from you on the topic (perhaps on CCELTs).
Sherrie Lee says:
Hi Marek
Thank you for your feedback. I'd be happy for you to share this post on TEFL Equity Advocates. I also look forward to contributing to your website in future. 🙂
Pingback: 'Re-imagining the non-native speaker' by Sherrie Lee | teflequityadvocates


Social casino and mobile game developer Bee Cave Games today announced the close of a $5.5 million Series A round of funding from Matrix Partners. This marks Matrix's fourth investment in the company, and Matrix is the sole investor in the round. To date, Bee Cave Games has raised more than $10 million in equity.
Funds will be used to support the growth of Bee Cave's current and future titles. Bee Cave Blackjack & Slots is currently available in the iOS, Google Play, and Amazon App stores as well as on Facebook. Between original content and slots content licensed from Multimedia Games, Bee Cave has gained worldwide popularity for publishing the most fun slots online.
Josh Hannah, General Partner at Matrix Partners, has joined Bee Cave's Board of Directors to help the company continue to scale. Prior to joining Matrix, Mr. Hannah co-founded Betfair.com, revolutionizing the gaming industry by building the world's first online marketplace for sports betting.
To learn more about the Bee Cave Games experience, please visit www.beecavegames.com.
Bee Cave Games was founded in 2012 by game industry veterans with the mission to entertain the world with the best casino games. Based in Austin, Texas — Bee Cave Games features talent previously with companies including Zynga, Electronic Arts, Blizzard Entertainment and Multimedia Games. Bee Cave Blackjack & Slots features world-class Blackjack and Slots games, supports 18 languages and is available at the Facebook App Center, Apple iOS App Store, Google Play Store or the Kindle Fire App Store.


Where has the Twin Cities real estate market been and where is it heading? This monthly summary provides an overview of current trends and projections for future activity. Narrated by Carson Brooks (2014 Secretary, Minneapolis Area Association of REALTORS®), video produced by Chelsie Lopez.


At our meeting on January 18th, we heard an enlightening presentation from Captain Bill Pinamont of the Chester County Office of Veteran Affairs. Capt. Pinamont had a highly distinguished legal career with the US Navy. He has had a robust civilian law career and is currently performing public interest work on behalf of Chester County veterans. He has represented numerous clients before the Board of Veterans Appeals and the US Court of Appeals Veterans Claims in Washington, D.C.
State law requires every county to have a VA office but doesn't fund them. Consequently, the funding comes from county taxpayers. These county offices help veterans receive medical and mental health treatment and resources under VA Benefits. Captain Pinamont acts as an advocate for Chester County veterans who have been denied benefits or had their benefits reduced by the VA.
These VA offices advocate for medical and mental health benefits, pension benefits, provides support to vets with suicide ideation and work with families whose veteran committed suicide. They provide links to other resources including job training and educational benefits. Over the next 12 months, over $10,400,000 in financial benefits will be distributed to about 3,000 county veterans through the Chester County VA Office's efforts. According to Pinamont, that's just the tip of what should be received. As Pinamont pointed out, much of that $10 million will most likely be spent within the county.


Pepperoni, sausage, mushroom, ham, banana pepper, onion and green pepper.
Mushroom, black olive, green pepper, mushroom, spinach, and fresh tomato.
Grilled or breaded chicken, green pepper, onion and pizza sauce or ranch.
Steak, green pepper, and onion.
Mozzarella cheese, feta cheese, spinach, fresh tomato and fresh garlic with or without pizza sauce.
Mozzarella cheese, Parmesan cheese, ricotta cheese, fresh garlic and choice of topping.
Mushroom, black olive, onion, green pepper, banana pepper, spinach, and fresh tomato.
Mozzarella cheese, feta cheese, spinach, fresh tomato and fresh garlic with choice of pizza sauce.
All sicilian pizzas come on thick crust.
Grilled or breaded chicken, green pepper and onion with pizza sauce or ranch.
Mozzarella cheese, feta cheese, spinach, fresh tomato, and fresh garlic, with choice of pizza sauce.
Mozzarella cheese, Parmesan cheese, ricotta cheese, fresh garlic & choice of topping.
Fries, pepperoni, sauce, and cheese.
2 mozzarella sticks, 4 fried mushrooms, 2 chicken strips, 4 hot wings, and french fries.
Lettuce, tomato, onion, green peppers, and cucumber.
Lettuce, tomato, onion, green pepper, banana pepper, black olive, cucumber, and ham.
Lettuce, tomato, onion, green pepper, banana pepper, black olive, cucumber, and grilled chicken.
Lettuce, tomato, onion, green pepper, banana pepper, black olive, cucumber, ham, turkey and provolone cheese.
Lettuce, tomato, onion, green pepper, banana pepper, black olive, cucumber, feta cheese, and ham or anchovies.
With house sauce. Served with your choice of dipping sauce.
Mozzarella cheese and steak only.
Ham, pepperoni, sausage and bacon and mozzarella cheese.
Sausage, pepperoni, mushrooms, green pepper, onion and mozzarella cheese.
Onion, green pepper, banana pepper, mushroom, spinach, black olive, fresh tomato, and mozzarella cheese.
Grilled chicken, grilled onions and mozzarella cheese.
Pepperoni, sausage, mushrooms, and mozzarella cheese. Served with sauce inside.
Chicken, spinach, feta cheese, fresh tomatoes, ham, and mozzarella cheese.
Cheese, steak, lettuce, tomato, onion, and mayo.
Cheese, steak, onion, mushroom and green pepper.
Cheese, steak, onion, mushroom, green pepper, banana pepper, lettuce, tomato, and mayo.
Cheese, chicken, onion, mushroom, green pepper, banana pepper, lettuce, tomato, and mayo.
Cheese, lamb, onion, mushroom, green pepper, banana pepper, lettuce, tomato, and mayo.
Cheese, steak, onion, jalapeno and tomato.
Bacon, lettuce, tomato, onion, and mayo.
Burger with grilled onions, mushrooms, provolone cheese, and bleu cheese dressing.
Burger with the slice of ham, onion ring, a slice of cheese and BBQ sauce.
Onion, jalapeno, tomato, ranch, and cheese.
Served with Romaine lettuce and onion on pita bread.
Your choice of hot sauce or BBQ sauce.
Your choice of chocolate or strawberry.


Ubisoft Forums > Assassin's Creed > Assassin's Creed - General Discussions > When do you think ACIII should be released?
View Full Version : When do you think ACIII should be released?
Do you think AC3 should be released on December 21,2012 to coincide with the ending? Suppose the world did end and we couldn't have time to beat the game. How about December 20th, or the 19th? Or should they just release it in November again?
I think november is good, so we have time to talk about the end of the story before the end of the world.
Alex Amancio confirmed to IGN that it will be released November 2012.
Which is a good date. Not everyone can play through the game in just a few days and the game will likely take place over the course of a few weeks, not days.
I actually expect Desmond to wake up the day the game is released.
So.. November 13th or 20th is my guess. Games normally release on Tuesday, and AC normally around the middle of the month of November.
I think ACIII should be released on 12/31/2015.
ACR is toning back on the delay, as long as they don't delay it a second time, it's okay.
November. It gives us time to discuss the end of the game before the end of the world.
this will be the release date of the PC version /jk http://forums.ubi.com/groupee_common/emoticons/icon_razz.gif </div></BLOCKQUOTE> Actually, the reason why I gave that date is, so that it gives Ubisoft more time to think of ways to screw over North America in not giving us a Collector's Edition and give Europe 5 different CE's.


ARLINGTON, Va. — The aluminum-body 2015 Ford F-150 crew cab swept the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety's full slate of crashworthiness evaluations to qualify for a 2015 Top Safety Pick award. The F-150 extended cab turned in a good performance in 4 of 5 assessments but stumbled in the small overlap front test. The results are the first ratings for large pickups in a group the Institute is evaluating this year.
The Institute picked the F-150 to test first because it is not only the best-selling vehicle in the U.S. but also the first mass-market vehicle with an all-aluminum body.
"Consumers who wondered whether the aluminum-body F-150 would be as crashworthy as its steel-body predecessor can consider the question answered," says David Zuby, IIHS chief research officer.
In the test of the extended cab, there was significant intrusion. The steering wheel is close to the dummy's chest, and the dummy's legs are jammed against the instrument panel.
Since the F-150 is a unique vehicle with its aluminum body, the Institute also looked at repair costs for the 2015 model. Damage to aluminum body parts can be more complicated and pricier to repair than steel, analyses by the Highway Loss Data Institute have shown.
The Institute ran crash tests at 10 mph with the new F-150 crew cab and its 2014 steel-bodied predecessor. Engineers crashed the front left corner of the aluminum pickup into the right rear corner of the steel pickup at a 15 percent overlap, and then flipped the test and ran the steel pickup into the back of the aluminum one.
In both test scenarios, the aluminum F-150 had more extensive damage than the steel model. Total repair costs for the front and rear damage combined were 26 percent higher for the aluminum F-150. Extra time to repair the aluminum body accounted for the higher price to fix frontal damage, while higher parts costs pushed up the repair bill for the rear damage.
"From a simple bolt-on parts replacement to a more-involved removal and installation of entire body panels, fixing the aluminum F-150 is more expensive than repairing a steel-body F-150," Zuby says.
The IIHS fender-bender tests show the potential implications for out-of-pocket costs as well as insurance premiums when consumers opt for vehicles built with more aluminum.


text:
Hell on wheels by Walker
Hell on Wheels: Black Knights Inc. Julia Ann Walker
Black Knights Inc.—Behind the facade of their tricked–out motorcycle shop is an elite special ops team assigned the jobs too hot for anyone else to handle.
Ex–Marine Nate "Ghost" Weller is an expert at keeping his cool—and his distance—which makes him one hell of a sniper. It's also how he keeps his feelings for Ali Morgan in check. Sweet, sexy Ali has always revved his engine, but she's his best friend's baby sister...and totally off limits. Ali's never seen anything sexier than Nate Weller straddling his custom Harley—or the flash of danger in his eyes when she tells him she's in trouble. First something happened to her brother, and now she's become the target of a nasty international organization. With Nate, her life is in the most capable hands possible—but her heart is another story altogether.
Black Knights Inc. is a new series for me, and Julie Ann Walker a new author for me. So I was exited for this treat I gave myself, as I bought the whole series at once, a night before I went on vacation, when I panicked with the thought I didn't have enough reading material on my Kindle. Like that was even possible.
The base of the story is promising - ex-military men, motorcycle shop, worrier women - things I like to read, with the new twist of the motorcycles.
And the suspense story of the book in itself is great. It is pretty straight forward action, mixed in some dirty politicians, ex-CIA, and gangsters. Flat out gun fights against the threat on their lives, while trying to fleet across the country on a motorcycle.
The romance is bitter-sweet. They play through the 'I want you but can't have you' song-and-dance, and with the flashbacks to the past, the reasons for the push-pull comes very clear to the reader.
This being the first book in the series, there is a lot of characters introduced along the way. And not just as secondary characters playing part of this story, the author also gets into their life, struggles, and thoughts.
Yes, there is LOTS of thoughts of different people in this story. Their inner reflections described in detail. In, my opinion, way too much detail. And in details that had nothing to do with the story at hand, and went on a loop of they own. For example, a senator is called 'dude' by an gangster, and there is three paragraphs of the senator's thoughts why he was not a 'dude', and why no one should call him that. The tale the author was telling was intense, but there was so much of these inner reflections of unnecessary points, I wanted to yell "focus, and get to the point".
I really thought the warrior characters deserved a bit better, tougher, sturdier, than they were delivered. When in their inner thoughts they think "Getting old didn't only suck, it suckety-suck-suck-sucked", or instead of curse words "h-e-doubly hockey sticks" and "nucking futs" - in life or death situations, you just loose some respect, admiration towards them. Not that I encourage cursing, but if you don't like to write the words, then just skip them all together. The characters seemed very young, immature, and didn't develop much from that frame of thought.
So I have mixed feelings about this first tale of the series. While there was some deep emotions of grief, sorrow, courage, and love, and deadly action that gave surprising results, there was also these irritation facts that were dipping the scales into other direction. So only 3* for this book. But I'm intrigued enough to get into the book two, In Rides Trouble, after all, I bought the whole series, and I want to give it another chance.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
DHR Health and the Border Health Political Action Committee (BHPAC) "have been very effective in doing good things for South Texas," says Congressman Vicente González, D-McAllen
by Legislative Media | Feb 7, 2019 | Politics
Featured: As the Texas Legislature and Congress in 2019 began a new year of work, DHR Health and the Border Health Political Action Committee (Border Health PAC) will continue to develop and support state and federal legislation that benefit deep South Texas, according to Congressman Vicente González, D-McAllen. He is featured in this image on Saturday, December 9, 2017, at a major event held in the Embassy Suites in McAllen on behalf of his supporters, who brought Christmas toys to be distributed to low-income children in his district.
Mayor Molina, Rep. Canales, Sen. Hinojosa, successfully call on Gov. Abbott for state disaster declaration in response to flooding in deep South Texas; Edinburg Cable Network providing extensive coverage and updates on city's Facebook
by Legislative Media | Jun 22, 2018 | Politics
Featured: Mayor Richard Molina on Thursday morning, June 21, 2018, helped lead the city's emergency responses to flooding that affected his city and much of deep South Texas, including by issuing a Disaster Declaration for the City of Edinburg, and immediately sending it to Gov. Greg Abbott. Within several hours of Molina's communication with the governor's office, Abbott issued a state disaster declaration, which suspends any regulation or law that would prevent, hinder, or delay necessary action in responding to the estimated foot and more of rain which have fallen in Hidalgo County. The governor's declaration also suspends any laws that would slow up a state agency's emergency response needed to protect life or property.
Photograph Courtesy https://www.Facebook.com/CityOfEdinburgGovernment
Uncertainty about U.S. immigration laws' impact on Valley residents being transported by EMS at Border Patrol checkpoint in Falfurrias to be addressed in Edinburg on Friday, May 18
by Legislative Media | May 17, 2018 | Politics
Featured: Med Care EMS (https://www.facebook.com/medcare911/) holds transportation contracts for major hospital systems in deep South Texas, including Doctors Hospital at Renaissance, South Texas Health Systems, Mission Regional Medical Center, and Knapp Medical Center.
Image Courtesy of MED CARE EMS
Rep. Canales is the only Hidalgo County lawmaker who earns a perfect 100 percent rating from National Federation of Independent Businesses
Featured: Rep. Terry Canales, D-Edinburg, left, is interviewed by Mark Hanna, Publisher, Rio Grande Guardian, on Thursday, January 25, 2018, at Bob's Steak and Chop House in Edinburg. The two men discussed numerous major issues relating to the Texas Legislature, South Texas, and Hidalgo County. That conversation, which was broadcast live and is available on the Rio Grande Guardian, which is South Texas' first online newspaper, is available at no cost by logging on to: https://www.facebook.com/rgguardian/videos/1800590286640933/?sid=0.46409932360984385 .
Photograph By STEVE TAYLOR
National Federation of Independent Business (NFIB)/Texas, the state's leading small business association, has announced that Rep. Terry Canales, D-Edinburg, is the only state legislator from Hidalgo County – and only one of three Democrats in the Texas Legislature – who earned a perfect 100 percent rating on key measures of vital importance to small businesses in the state. "Small businesses are the life blood of our South Texas economy, and I will always make an effort to support policies that help small businesses grow, operate, and flourish," said Canales, the House District 40 lawmaker. "I invite anyone who has ideas to help small businesses to contact me with their vision, and I will help them learn about and become part of the state legislative process." He may be reached at his House District Office in Edinburg at (956) 383-0860 or at the Capitol at (512) 463-0426. House District 40 includes portions or all of Edinburg, Elsa, Faysville, La Blanca, Linn, Lópezville, McAllen, Pharr and Weslaco. "These distinguished lawmakers understand and value the true backbone of Texas' economy, small business owners, and the impact public policy changes will have on these owners' abilities to own, operate, and grow their businesses," said NFIB Executive Director Will Newton. "Lawmakers who vote with small business during session are fulfilling their campaign promises to keep the Texas economy robust, as small businesses account for 99.8 percent of all businesses in the state."
Edinburg EDC offices, effective on Monday, January 29, 2018, will be housed in Edinburg City Hall in order to generate new non-tax revenue for its jobs-creation mission, announce Mayor Molina and EEDC Board of Directors President Enríquez
by Legislative Media | Jan 24, 2018 | Politics
Featured: City Councilmember Gilbert Enríquez is sworn in on Wednesday, November 15, 2017 in the Council Chamber at Edinburg City Hall. With Enríquez in this image is his wife, Diana, and Judge Patty Ocañas-Olivarez, who administered the oath of office to the city councilmember, who soon after was appointed by his colleagues to serve on the five-member Edinburg Economic Development Corporation Board of Directors. The Edinburg EDC is the jobs-creation arm of the Edinburg Mayor and Edinburg City Council. Along with Councilmember Enríquez, who serves as President of the Edinburg EDC Board of Directors, Edinburg School Board Trustee Miguel "Mike" Farías serves as Vice-President, Isael Posadas, P.E., is Secretary/Treasurer, and Julio César Carranza and Noé Sauceda, Ph.D., are Members.
The Edinburg Economic Development Corporation's downtown offices, effective on Monday, January 29, 2018, will complete its relocation to Edinburg City Hall in order to generate new, non-tax revenue for its jobs-creation mission, Mayor Richard Molina and City Councilmember Gilbert Enríquez, the President of the EEDC Board of Directors, have announced. The Edinburg EDC is now based on the second floor at City Hall, as part of the Edinburg City Manager's suite. The Edinburg EDC's telephone number – 956/383-7124 – remains the same. "Upon my request, Edinburg City Manager Richard Hinojosa confirmed that there were excellent office space and related resources available at City Hall to house the staff and activities of the Edinburg Economic Development Corporation and its Board of Directors," the mayor said. "This action allows the Edinburg EDC to lease its vacated offices spaces, which will generate new non-tax revenue for its many vital projects." Soon to be listed as available for lease, the former Edinburg EDC offices, located at 101 North 10th Avenue, represent 3,200-square feet. That suite, which is part of the building owned by the Edinburg EDC, features five offices, one receptionist area, two conference rooms, a kitchen, one work station, a waiting area, a copy area, three bathrooms, closets and storage rooms. Rep. Terry Canales' legislative offices will remain in the other half of the Edinburg EDC building, which is located at 415 West University Drive, immediately west of the Hidalgo County Courthouse. "In our dedication to help existing businesses to expand, and to recruit new businesses, Edinburg City Hall will now truly become a one-stop center for economic development, because all the key issues needed for businesses to grow, from learning the zoning requirements, obtaining building permits, meeting with the key city and Edinburg EDC leadership, and so on, all will now take place in one location," said Enríquez. "So when potential developers come into City Hall, they are able to go to every department and get the answers they need in order to continue with the activities they want to do in Edinburg." The Edinburg EDC Board of Directors is comprised of Enríquez as President, Edinburg School Board Trustee Miguel "Mike" Farías as Vice-President, Isael Posadas, P.E., as Secretary/Treasurer, and Julio César Carranza and Noé Sauceda, Ph.D., as Members.


text:
Long Branch Community Center to Reopen May 16
Burney Simpson | June 2, 2022 May 8, 2022 | Categories Silver Spring
11Twitter66FacebookLinkedIn31RedditEmailFlipboardSubscribe
The Long Branch Community Recreation Center and Senior Center at 8700 Piney Branch Rd. will reopen on Monday, May 16 with a mix of activities targeted to families and older adults, according to Judy Stiles, spokesperson for the county's Recreation Department.
The rec center includes the senior center on the second floor, a gym, exercise rooms, an outdoor swimming pool, and fields for soccer, softball and other sports.
The rec center will hold a special reopening event on Saturday, May 21 with free activities that include dancing, music, food, inflatables, face painting and games.
"The reopening of the Long Branch Community Recreation and Senior Center makes it possible for the center to once again be a place for young people, families, and older adults to spend their leisure time," said Robin Riley, the county's recreation director.
The senior center provides a variety of free activities for those 55 and older, including daily exercise and wellness classes, entertainment and social pursuits.
It will celebrate its reopening from June 6–10, with free lessons on using its exercise equipment, how-to sessions on signing up for classes and its free lunch program, and specialty coffee with breakfast treats.
It will be open Monday–Friday, 9 a.m. to 4 p.m.
The rec center and senior center served as an emergency homeless shelter during the COVID-19 emergency. In March, the Nebel Street shelter in Bethesda opened to serve the homeless community.
Recreation Department photos
UPDATED: Police: 29-Year-Old Woman Missing Since Sunday


text:
Q: Define name space in DRF routes I need to define a custom namespace for DRF routes.
Let suppose I have following route.
from rest_framework import routers

router = routers.SimpleRouter()
router.register(r'users', UserViewSet)

Now if I want to define name space like user-create, add-new-user, update-user, delete-a-user. Then how can I do this?

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
You are viewing an old blog post! That means that links will be broken, and images may be missing.
Bills Passed in Congress, March 2014
The following are the bills the House and Senate passed last month. The bills were passed by voice vote except where indicated. Roll call votes for the House are found here, and for the Senate here. The descriptions of bills are essentially taken verbatim from the Congressional Record Daily Digest (Index).
SENATE 17 bills, 464 pages
Philippines Charitable Giving Assistance Act: Committee on Finance was discharged from further consideration of S. 1821, to accelerate the income tax benefits for charitable cash contributions for the relief of victims of Typhoon Haiyan in the Philippines, 4 pages
Victims Protection Act : By a unanimous vote of 97 yeas (Vote No. 62), Senate passed S. 1917, to provide for additional enhancements of the sexual assault prevention and response activities of the Armed Forces. 16 pages
Gabriella Miller Kids First Research Act: Senate passed H.R. 2019, to eliminate taxpayer financing of political party conventions and reprogram savings to provide for a 10-year pediatric research initiative through the Common Fund administered by the National Institutes of Health. 3 pages
Sandia Pueblo Settlement Technical Amendment Act: Senate passed S. 611, to make a technical amendment to the T'uf Shur Bien Preservation Trust Area Act, after agreeing to the committee amendment in the nature of a substitute. 6 pages
Child Care and Development Block Grant Act: By 96 yeas to 2 nays (Vote No. 77), Senate passed S. 1086, to reauthorize and improve the Child Care and Development Block Grant Act of 1990, after agreeing to the committee amendment in the nature of a substitute. 104 pages
Homeowner Flood Insurance Affordability Act: By 72 yeas to 22 nays (Vote No. 78), Senate passed H.R. 3370, to delay the implementation of certain provisions of the Biggert-Waters Flood Insurance Reform Act of 2012. (A unanimous-consent agreement was reached providing that the bill, having achieved 60 affirmatives votes, pass.) 44 pages
National Flood Insurance Program Act: Senate passed S. 2137, to ensure that holders of flood insurance policies under the National Flood Insurance Program do not receive premium refunds for coverage of second homes. (A unanimous-consent agreement was reached providing that the requirement of a 60 affirmative vote threshold, be vitiated.) 4 pages
Congressional Gold Medal to Shimon Peres: Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs was discharged from further consideration of S. 1456, to award the Congressional Gold Medal to Shimon Peres. 8 pages
Congressional Gold Medal to Montford Point Marines: Senate passed S. 2147, to amend Public Law 112-59 to provide for the display of the congressional gold medal awarded to the Montford Point Marines, Unites States Marine Corps, by the Smithsonian Institution and at other appropriate locations. 8 pages
HHEATT Act: Senate passed H.R. 4076, to address shortages and interruptions in the availability of propane and other home heating fuels in the United States. 3 pages
Fond du Lac Band of Lake Superior Chippewa Non-Intercourse Act: Committee on Indian Affairs was discharged from further consideration of H.R. 2650, to allow the Fond du Lac Band of Lake Superior Chippewa in the State of Minnesota to lease or transfer certain land, and the bill was then passed. 3 pages
Philippines Charitable Giving Assistance Act: Senate passed H.R. 3771, to accelerate the income tax benefits for charitable cash contributions for the relief of victims of the Typhoon Haiyan in the Philippines. 4 pages
Cooperative and Small Employer Charity Pension Flexibility Act: Senate passed H.R. 4275, to amend the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 and the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to provide for cooperative and small employer charity pension plans. 106 pages
American Fighter Aces Congressional Gold Medal Act: Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs was discharged from further consideration of S. 1827, to award a Congressional Gold Medal to the American Fighter Aces, collectively, in recognition of their heroic military service and defense of our country's freedom throughout the history of aviation warfare, and the bill was then passed. 8 pages
Ukraine Loan Guarantees: Senate passed H.R. 4152, to provide for the costs of loan guarantees for Ukraine, 11 pages
United States International Programming to Ukraine and Neighboring Regions: Senate passed S. 2183, entitled "United States International Programming to Ukraine and Neighboring Regions" 8 pages
Protecting Access to Medicare Act: By 64 yeas to 35 nays (Vote No. 93), Senate passed H.R. 4302, to amend the Social Security Act to extend Medicare payments to physicians and other provisions of the Medicare and Medicaid programs, by the order of the Senate of Thursday, March 27, 2014, 60 Senators having voted in the affirmative, 124 pages
HOUSE 25 bills, 622 pages
Home Heating Emergency Assistance Through Transportation Act of 2014: H.R. 4076, to address shortages and interruptions in the availability of propane and other home heating fuels in the United States; 4 pages
Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore Conservation and Recreation Act: S. 23, to designate as wilderness certain land and inland water within the Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore in the State of Michigan; 5 pages
North Fork Watershed Protection Act: H.R. 2259, amended, to withdraw certain Federal land and interests in that land from location, entry, and patent under the mining laws and disposition under the mineral and geothermal leasing laws and to preserve existing uses; 4 pages
Homeowner Flood Insurance Affordability Act: H.R. 3370, amended, to delay the implementation D218of certain provisions of the Biggert-Waters Flood Insurance Reform Act of 2012, by a 2/3 yea-and-nay vote of 306 yeas to 91 nays, Roll No. 91; 44 pages
York River Wild and Scenic River Study Act: H.R. 2197, to amend the Wild and Scenic Rivers Act to designate segments of the York River and associated tributaries for study for potential inclusion in the National Wild and Scenic Rivers System. 6 pages
United States-Israel Strategic Partnership Act: H.R. 938, amended, to strengthen the strategic alliance between the United States and Israel, by a 2/3 yea-and-nay vote of 410 yeas to 1 nay, Roll No. 95, 24 pages
Better Buildings Act: H.R. 2126, amended, to facilitate better alignment, cooperation, and best practices between commercial real estate landlords and tenants regarding energy efficiency in buildings, by a 2/3 yea-and-nay vote of 375 yeas to 36 nays, Roll No. 98. 34 pages
Suspending the Individual Mandate Penalty Law Equals Fairness Act: The House passed H.R. 4118, to amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986; 6 pages
Electricity Security and Affordability Act: The House passed H.R. 3826, to provide direction to the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency regarding the establishment of standards for emissions of any greenhouse gas from fossil fuel-fired electric utility generating units, by a recorded vote of 229 ayes to 183 noes, Roll No. 106. 12 pages
Providing for the costs of loan guarantees for Ukraine: H.R. 4152, to provide for the costs of loan guarantees for Ukraine, by a 2/3 yea-and-nay vote of 385 yeas to 23 nays, Roll No. 114. 4 pages
Responsibly And Professionally Invigorating Development Act: The House passed H.R. 2641, to provide for improved coordination of agency actions in the preparation and adoption of environmental documents for permitting determinations, by a recorded vote of 229 ayes to 179 noes, Roll No. 113. 34 pages
Farmers Undertake Environmental Land Stewardship Act: H.R. 311, to direct the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency to change the Spill Prevention, Control, and Countermeasure rule with respect to certain farms; 6 pages
Equitable Access to Care and Health Act: H.R. 1814, to amend section 5000A of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to provide an additional religious exemption from the individual health coverage mandate; 6 pages
Hire More Heroes Act: H.R. 3474, to amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to allow employers to exempt employees with health coverage under TRICARE or the Veterans Administration from being taken into account for purposes of the employer mandate under the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, by a 2/3 yea-and-nay vote of 406 yeas to 1 nay, Roll No. 115; 4 pages
Protecting Volunteer Firefighters and Emergency Responders Act of 2014: H.R. 3979, amended, to amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to ensure that emergency services volunteers are not taken into account as employees under the shared responsibility requirements contained in the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, by a yea-and-nay vote of 410 yeas with none voting "nay'', Roll No. 116; 6 pages
Federal Communications Commission Process Reform Act: H.R. 3675, amended, to amend the Communications Act of 1934 to provide for greater transparency and efficiency in the procedures followed by the Federal Communications Commission. 20 pages
ENFORCE the Law Act of 2014: The House passed H.R. 4138, to protect the separation of powers in the Constitution of the United States by ensuring that the President takes care that the laws be faithfully executed, by a recorded vote of 233 ayes to 181 noes, Roll No. 124. 6 pages
Water Rights Protection Act: The House passed H.R. 3189, to prohibit the conditioning of any permit, lease, or other use agreement on the transfer, relinquishment, or other impairment of any water right to the United States by the Secretaries of the Interior and Agriculture, by a recorded vote of 238 ayes to 174 noes, Roll No. 132. 6 pages
Faithful Execution of the Law Act of 2014: The House passed H.R. 3973, to amend section 530D of title 28, United States Code, by a recorded vote of 244 ayes to 171 noes, Roll No. 129. 4 pages
SGR Repeal and Medicare Provider Payment Modernization Act of 2014: The House passed H.R. 4015, to amend title XVIII of the Social Security Act to repeal the Medicare sustainable growth rate and improve Medicare payments for physicians and other professionals, by a yea-and-nay vote of 238 yeas to 181 nays, Roll No. 135. 198 pages
Preventing Government Waste and Protecting Coal Mining Jobs in America: The House passed H.R. 2824, to amend the Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977 to stop the ongoing waste by the Department of the Interior of taxpayer resources and implement the final rule on excess spoil, mining waste, and buffers for perennial and intermittent streams, by a recorded vote of 229 ayes to 192 noes, Roll No. 141. 6 pages
Corporal Justin D. Ross Post Office Building Designation Act: H.R. 1228, amended, to designate the facility of the United States Postal Service located at 300 Packerland Drive in Green Bay, Wisconsin, as the "Corporal Justin D. Ross Post Office Building'', by a 2/3 yea-and-nay vote of 418 yeas with none voting "nay'', Roll No. 144. 4 pages
Ensuring Public Involvement in the Creation of National Monuments Act: The House passed H.R. 1459, to ensure that the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 applies to the declaration of national monuments, by a recorded vote of 222 ayes to 201 noes, Roll No. 147. 4 pages
Protecting Access to Medicare Act of 2014: H.R. 4302, to amend the Social Security Act to extend Medicare payments to physicians and other provisions of the Medicare and Medicaid programs, 126 pages
Ukraine Support Act: H.R. 4278, amended, to support the independence, sovereignty, and territorial integrity of Ukraine, by a 2/3 yea-and-nay vote of 399 yeas to 19 nays, Roll No. 148. 48 pages
« The Untold Truth About the McCutcheon Decision • Congress Uses the Troops to Waste Your Money »


text:
Stand in là gì Update 01/2022
to do the job that another person was going to do or usually does, or to take that person"s place at an event, because they cannot be there:
Bạn đang xem: Stand in là gì
Muốn học thêm?
Nâng cao vốn từ vựng của bạn với English Vocabulary in Use từ gocnhintangphat.com.Học các từ bạn cần giao tiếp một cách tự tin.
a person who takes the place or does the job of another person for a short time, for example because the other person is ill or on holiday:
to do something that someone else is supposed to do or usually does, because they are unable to do it:
a person who takes the place or does the job of someone else for a short time because that person is not available:
If the latter, then hunger pangs must be some sort of illusion, a stand–in for states we cannot access consciously.
Proprietors" extended families and friends were often involved either as regular visitors to the home or as occasional stand–in carers.
False belief should be understood not as a stand–in for theoryof-mind understanding but as one of its components.
Thus, the "interpreter" is often acting as an assistant provider (or, conversely, as a stand–in for the patient) rather than permitting provider and patient to converse directly with each other.
Xem thêm: Definition Of Tháo Vát Là Gì ? Nghĩa Của Từ Tháo Vát Trong Tiếng Việt
The image no longer has the status of a stand–in or a more or less faithful substitute for concrete reality, but consists in an original, heuristic grasp thereof.
I do not believe that he is really the villain of the piece; he is merely the acting villain, a stand–in for other people.
The actor who is asked to endanger his life for a scene has the option of refusing and making the studio hire a stand–in or a double.
Following this initial usage, the approved model was only used as a stand–in for the production version in the previews in the fourth season.


text:
Great Lakes Theater, originally known as the Great Lakes Shakespeare Festival, is a professional classic theater company in Cleveland, Ohio, United States. Founded in 1962, Great Lakes is the second-largest regional theater in Northeast Ohio.  It specializes in large-cast classic plays with a strong foundation in the works of Shakespeare and features an educational outreach program. The company performs its main stage productions in rotating repertory at the Hanna Theatre in Playhouse Square, which reopened on September 20, 2008.  The organization shares a resident company of artists with the Idaho Shakespeare Festival.  On its main stage and through its education programs, GLT connects approximately 85,000 adults and students to the classics each season.

GLT's artistic directors have included Arthur Lithgow, Lawrence Carra, Vincent Dowling, Gerald Freedman, James Bundy and Charles Fee.

Origins

A professional regional theater, The Great Lakes Shakespeare Festival (GLTF), was launched in 1962 with a $50,000 budget (). Driven and supported by community members and volunteers at its inception, the theater continues to operate as a non-profit with a $3.6 million annual operations budget.

Later to become the first GLTF director, Arthur Lithgow directed Shakespeare Under the Stars, a professional summer theater troupe at Antioch College where he was a faculty member. Between 1952 and 1957, the troupe performed all of Shakespeare's plays and began traveling across Northeastern Ohio to perform at Stan Hywet Hall in Akron, at an old movie theater in Cuyahoga Falls, and at the Toledo Zoo. By 1962, the troupe was seeking a space to perform permanently while, simultaneously, a group of citizens led by the Lakewood Board of Education president, Dorothy Teare, were seeking cultural activities to occupy the Lakewood Civic Auditorium during the summer months. Thus, the Great Lakes Shakespeare Festival formed and premiered the first production, As You Like It, on July 11, 1962. It continued at the Lakewood Civic Auditorium that season and performed six of Shakespeare plays in rotation.

Notable moments
While the theater began staging Shakespeare productions exclusively, the repertoire expanded to other theatrical classics beginning in 1965. Eventually, to better capture that scope, the name was changed to Great Lakes Theater Festival (GLTF) in 1985.

In 1982, the GLTF moved from Lakewood to the Ohio Theater in Cleveland to become the first resident company in Playhouse Square, an historic district home to several 1920s venues. On September 20, 2008, GLTF relocated again to the newly renovated Hanna Theater, which is a 1921 building also located in Playhouse Square. An extensive fundraising campaign ($19.2 million) enabled renovations that maintained the Hanna's historic interiors but updated staging mechanisms as well as reducing seating to accommodate 550 audience members. Having raised $14.7 million independently, final funding assistance came from a matching grant from the Kresge Foundation as well as donations from Tom Hanks, who had interned at the theater in 1977-1979. In addition to financial contributions, Hanks also raised funding through his performance of "Tom Hanks at the Hanna," which earned him the honorary title: chair of the campaign. The theater reached its goals for the renovation as well as securing an endowment that would support operations in years to come.

In 2005, the GLTF won the Northern Ohio Live Magazine Award for Excellence in Theater and in 2006 won The Free Times Readers Choice Award for Best Performing Arts Group. Further accolades include the prestige as one of two Cleveland theaters, alongside the Cleveland Play House, with membership in the League of Resident Theaters, a designation that makes Cleveland only one of 11 US cities with that acclaim.

"Festival" was eliminated from the title in 2011 to better reflect its September through May season and programming format. Having staged over 300 productions, the theater celebrated its 50th season in 2011-2012 and commemorated the milestone with a gala hosted at the InterContinental Hotel & Conference Center in April 2012.

Notable alumni

One of the most well-known alumni of the GLTF is Tom Hanks, who went on to become an Academy Award winning actor. Having worked with the theater in the summers of 1977-1979 as an intern and core company member, Hanks credits that time for teaching him to act. Other Academy Award-winning alumni include Olympia Dukakis, recognized for her performance in the film Moonstruck (1987), Ruby Dee who won for her performance in the film American Gangster (2007), and Cloris Leachman best known for her roles in The Facts of Life and the Mary Tyler Moore Show. The theater's reputation and strong artistic direction attracted talented actors across the years. In 1994, years after she played opposite Paul Newman in The Hustler (1961), Piper Laurie performed Lyuba Ranevsky in the GLTF production of The Cherry Orchard. Jean Stapleton, who played Edith Bunker in the comedy series All in the Family, performed on the GLTF stage in 1986 (Arsenic and Old Lace). Hal Holbrook  collaborated with Gerald Freedman, artistic director, on King Lear (1990), Uncle Vanya (1991), and Death of a Salesman (1994). Holbrook is best known for his award-winning one man show Mark Twain Tonight. Additionally, the theater lists among its alumni actors who went on to play famously known television and film characters, such as Major Frank Burns of MASH performed by alum Larry Linville and Freddy Krueger played by former GLTF actor Robert Englund. Several actors returned to GLTC for performances even after achieving fame. For example, paying tribute to his father, Arthur Lithgow the first GLTC director, John Lithgow performed a tribute show titled "Stories by Heart" in 2010. Lithgow is known for his television roles in Third Rock from the Sun and Dexter, as well as film appearances in the World According to Garp and Terms of Endearment. Directors who gained experience at the theater include George Abbott among others.

Artistic directors

Arthur Lithgow, father of John Lithgow, was the founding artistic director and remained in that role until 1966. Alongside Dorothy Teare, Lithgow established a strong orientation to educational programming for local schools delivered through student matinees as well as classroom partnerships, subsidized in part by the Cleveland Foundation.

Lawrence Carra, a drama professor at Carnegie Mellon University, was the artistic director between 1966 and 1975, during which time he directed a contemporary production of Hamlet based on the shooting of Robert Kennedy.

During Vincent Dowling's tenure from 1976 to 1985, the company  moved from its Lakewood Civic Auditorium home to the Ohio Theatre of the Playhouse Square Center in 1982. Dowling had been a veteran actor of the Dublin Abbey Theater prior to taking on this post and was quoted as saying that his primary goal was to provide a drama diet for the Ohio community.

Gerald Freedman became the artistic director in 1985 and left in 1997 when the board required that the director be in residence year round. Increasing the theater's prestige, Freedman successfully attracted well-known actors and directors to the GLTF stage, including: George Abbott, Jean Stapleton, Hal Holbrook, and Ruby Dee. Under his direction, GLSF changed its name to the "Great Lakes Theater Festival.

Freedman was followed by James Bundy in 1998. James Bundy was the artistic director between 1998 and 2002 when he left to become the Dean of the Yale School of Drama and artistic director of Yale Repertory Theater. During Bundy's direction the theater realized its most attended season to date in 2001, with 77,000 audience attendees.

Charles Fee has been the artistic director since 2002. Under Fee's direction, the theater began partnerships with the Idaho Shakespeare Festival, Lake Tahoe Shakespeare Festival, and the Playhouse Square Foundation. Fee inherited more than $1 million in debt, but by making savvy decisions, such as becoming a summer-fall repertory theater, he has put the organization in strong financial standing.

Educational outreach

The theater began as a citizen-led endeavor to support community cultural engagement and maintains educational outreach as central to its mission today. Approximately 50,000 students in Northeast Ohio engage with the theater each year through student matinee series, school residency programs, surround programs (programs and workshops about productions,) writing contests, summer camps, and free community programming.

References

External links
 Great Lakes Theater Home page
 Great Lakes Theater History
 Great Lakes Theater: A Detailed History
Great Lakes Theater Company Records, Kent State University Archives

Shakespeare festivals in the United States
Culture of Cleveland
League of Resident Theatres
Arts organizations established in 1961
Tourist attractions in Cleveland
Theatre companies in Ohio
1962 establishments in Ohio

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Blogging is no more overnight game, it needs more and more hard work and patience to achieve success. Though it was never an overnight game but still situation was not as tough as it is today. The reason is simple as few years before it was just like penalty shot, nobody was there between you and goal post except goalkeeper. Similarly, as a blogger, you did not need to face too many difficulties once you have written something worth to your readers. But today you are playing a proper 90 minutes game, that means you need to tackle other players also, so only valuable content is not enough because thousands (maybe more than that) of other bloggers are also writing on the same topic. So bloggers need to offer something more to their readers. Here comes relevance of this post and probably you have also realized this issue and that is why you are interested to know the tricks to write a blog AND more particularly HOW TO WRITE A BLOG?
LET'S PLAY THE MATCH …….
Now do proper planning of your content keeping the target audience in your mind. Actually, as a blogger, our content is nothing but a solution to the problem of our readers. Sometimes the problem is technological, whereas sometimes it is just a good read for a reader in a pensive mood (or even unhappy mood). Your planning should include the selection of eye-catching headline and SEO friendly good content. So here are 5 most remarkable tricks what you should keep in mind while writing good content.
Now, this post is about blog writing tricks, so I can not end by discussing this topic after informing you that you should write an eye-catching headline and SEO friendly good content. I mean that is not your exact pain area and you want more. IS THIS NOT TRUE?
Then what you actually want here? I am sure that you actually want to know – how to write an excellent content for your readers. If I do not discuss that part then the topic will be incomplete, So hit the exact pain area of your readers to make your content worth to your readers.
That is why the selection of blog-post title is very important because from that title or headline readers develop an expectation about the content of your post. If your readers develop wrong expectation after reading your title then you simply can not meet their expectation.
WHAT DO YOU LOVE TO READ – BORING content or INTERESTING content? Travel blogger or lifestyle blogger can easily make their blog content interesting because they have a lot of stories to tell their readers. Now you may ask me that how can a technology blogger make his content interesting? Because you are not telling a story over there and there is a perception among the people that the content of technology blog cannot be interesting.
But it is not right. What do you say? I do not think so because there are a lot of technology blogs (like mashable, GigaOM etc) which are not boring, otherwise, nobody will read those blogs. You do not need to have a story to make your content interesting because without that you still can make your content interesting. But HOW?
Bloggers can make technology blog content interesting too. Here the trick is maintaining the flow of content and curiosity. Here we will talk about maintaining the flow of content in the next trick but what about curiosity? That too will be discussed in trick four which is nothing but speaking to your readers through content.
See here I am also maintaining a flow of content and that too with growing curiosity in your mind. Right? AND the result is, you are eagerly waiting to finish this part and jump to the next tricks.
Related post: How to decide on an optimal content size for your blog?
What do you understand by this maintaining the flow of content? What does it mean?
It actually means that each paragraph of your content must sound like a part of that whole content and each paragraph of your content must have a connection with the previous one. There must be an answered question through the content till the ends of that content, this will help to raise curiosity in reader's mind and force them to read the content till the last word.
Most professional bloggers always maintain such a flow of content what makes blog-reading more interesting and increase returning visitors.
Listening to other's conversation or Chatting with your friends and family.
You definitely prefer chatting with your friends and family members. Is it not true? WHAT DO YOU SAY?
Same way when an author speaks to his readers through his content then that content does not sound boring. Blogger should learn mind mapping of their audience and ask the exact question about what may come in reader's mind while the reader is reading that content. Explain that question in next step will make that content more likely a conversation between author and readers what readers will definitely enjoy and it also will help to maintain flow of content.
Bloggers should always be active to answer reader's query what they will make in the comment section, this way it will become both way interaction also. Most readers also enjoy reading of such comments.
A minor grammatical mistake is okay but if you make the same mistake again and again then it may create the wrong impression, so be little cautious when you are writing something and avoid such mistake. It is always recommended to use any tool to check grammatical mistakes in your content. Here is a list for you to check grammatical mistake in your blog posts.
Now you have read all 5 Tricks (How to write a blog) and I am sure that you are already working on some of the above mentioned tricks to improve the quality of content. So now it is your turn to share your tricks here to improve content quality.


text:
Q: Feed Azure OAuth access / refresh token to MSAL backend for caching I've got a mobile app that uses a native oauth flow via react-native-oauth (which makes use of an inAppBrowser) to complete the oath flow for ios. When it's complete, I have the tokens and idToken natively.
What I'd like to do now is to pass these to my backend web server, so that I can kick start some calendar sync process for this user. However, my backend is using MSAL.NET with a custom TokenCache, so expects the tokens to be present in this cache. To achieve this on the web app, there is an oauth flow baked into the web app that is hooked into this MSAL setup, and thus works:
// Hook the auth code up to the token cache, that will ensure it gets into the database (msal_token_cache)
TokenCache cache = new MsaldbTokenCache(userId, db).GetMsalCacheInstance();
ConfidentialClientApplication cca = new ConfidentialClientApplication(opts.ClientId,
    settings.Core.BaseUrl.UrlCombine(redirectUrl),
    new ClientCredential(opts.ClientSecret),
    cache,
    null);

AuthenticationResult result =
    await cca.AcquireTokenByAuthorizationCodeAsync(code, new[] {"Calendars.ReadWrite"});

I've no idea how to do this with my ios-authed tokens. I can't allow the web server to acquire the tokens via auth code exchange since it was initiated in IOS...
Can anyone help?

A: I would design the solution to be architecturally separated so that it supports both web and mobile, which should work fine as long as both clients use the correct scopes for OAuth redirects:

*

*A Rest API triggers the calendar sync process for the user received in the access token

*One client of the Rest API is the back end of a web app - which uses MSAL.Net - and perhaps issues cookies to the browser

*Another client of the Rest API is the mobile app - which uses React Native OAuth

I would avoid aiming to mix the 2 clients together though. If the web back end requires auth cookies then the mobile client will not be able to provide them.
The back end for the mobile app needs to a Rest API endpoint and it's possible that the existing back end may need to be refactored a little, to separate web client concerns from API concerns.


text:
La gru siberiana (Leucogeranus leucogeranus ) è un uccello della famiglia dei Gruidi. Gli adulti si distinguono da tutte le altre gru per il fatto di avere il piumaggio di colore interamente bianco candido, fatta eccezione per le remiganti primarie nere, visibili solamente quando l'uccello è in volo. È presente, con due popolazioni disgiunte, nella tundra artica della Russia occidentale e orientale. La popolazione orientale migra in Cina durante l'inverno, mentre quella occidentale trascorre i mesi invernali in Iran e, in passato, in India e Nepal. Tra le gru, questa specie è quella che migra sulle distanze più lunghe. Il numero di esemplari, in particolare quello degli appartenenti alla popolazione occidentale, è diminuito drasticamente nel corso del XX secolo a causa della caccia lungo le rotte migratorie e del degrado ambientale. Attualmente la popolazione globale viene stimata in 3500-4000 unità, per lo più appartenenti alla popolazione orientale, che sverna per il 95% nel bacino del lago Poyang, in Cina, un habitat che potrebbe aver subito delle alterazioni in seguito alla costruzione della diga delle Tre Gole. Fatta eccezione per gli esemplari reintrodotti, in Siberia occidentale rimangono solamente una decina di esemplari selvatici.

Descrizione
Gli adulti di entrambi i sessi presentano un piumaggio interamente bianco candido, fatta eccezione per il nero delle remiganti primarie, dell'alula e delle copritrici primarie. La fronte, la faccia e i lati della testa, privi di piume, presentano una colorazione rosso brillante, il becco è scuro e le zampe sono rosate. L'iride è giallastra. I giovani hanno la faccia interamente ricoperta di piume e il piumaggio di colore marrone sporco. Diversamente da altre specie di gru, la gru siberiana non ha remiganti terziarie allungate. Durante la stagione nuziale, è facile vedere sia il maschio che la femmina con le penne sporche di fango, in quanto tendono a immergere il becco nel fango e a spalmarselo addosso. Il richiamo è molto diverso dal suono strombazzante emesso dalla maggior parte delle altre gru: è un acuto fischio - toyoya - simile al richiamo di un'oca. La gru siberiana pesa in media 4,9-8,6 kg e raggiunge un'altezza di 140 cm circa. L'apertura alare misura 210-230 cm e la lunghezza 115-127 cm. I maschi sono in media più pesanti delle femmine. In un unico caso documentato, un maschio di dimensioni eccezionali ha raggiunto i 15 kg di peso.

Biologia
Quando si trovano nei loro siti di nidificazione le gru siberiane vivono a grande distanza l'una dall'altra e sono estremamente territoriali. In inverno occupano territori adibiti alla ricerca del cibo, ma possono formare piccoli stormi poco coesi e radunarsi in prossimità dei dormitori. Sono animali diurni, che dedicano quasi l'intera giornata alla ricerca del cibo. Quando si nutrono di vegetazione sommersa, spesso immergono la testa completamente sott'acqua. Quando emettono i loro richiami, allungano il collo in avanti. Gli studiosi hanno identificato il contesto nel quale vengono emessi particolari richiami e hanno scoperto che alcuni di essi variano in base al sesso. La variazione da un individuo all'altro è quasi inesistente e la maggior parte dei richiami ha una frequenza dominante di circa 1,4 kHz. Tuttavia, i richiami emessi all'unisono, duetti tra i due membri di una coppia, costituiscono le vocalizzazioni più caratteristiche, con marcate differenze da una coppia all'altra. La femmina produce il richiamo più acuto, il loo del doodle-loo con cui gli ornitologi trascrivono il suono di questi duetti. Entrambi i membri di una coppia camminano attorno ad altre coppie per minacciarle e allontanarle dal loro territorio. In cattività, un esemplare ha quasi raggiunto i 62 anni di età, mentre un altro è morto all'età di 83 anni.

Alimentazione
Pur essendo onnivora, questa gru si nutre principalmente di vegetali. Nei terreni estivi consuma una vasta gamma di piante, tra cui radici di falso elleboro (Veratrum album) e semi di Empetrum nigrum, nonché piccoli roditori (lemming e arvicole), lombrichi e pesci. In un primo momento si pensava che si nutrisse essenzialmente di pesce, dato il margine seghettato del suo becco, ma gli studi successivi hanno dimostrato che cattura prede animali soprattutto quando la vegetazione è coperta dalla neve. Inoltre, ingoia sassolini e pietrisco che aiutano a frantumare il cibo contenuto nel gozzo. Nei terreni di svernamento in Cina, gli studiosi hanno notato che la gru siberiana si nutre in gran quantità delle foglie sommerse di Vallisneria spiralis. Negli stomaci degli esemplari che svernano in India sono state rinvenute principalmente piante acquatiche. In cattività, tuttavia, questa specie è stata vista raccogliere con il becco anche coleotteri e uova di uccello.

Riproduzione
Le gru siberiane ritornano nella tundra artica verso la fine di aprile e l'inizio di maggio. Il nido si trova solitamente sulle sponde di un lago, in un terreno paludoso, ed è generalmente circondato dall'acqua. La maggior parte delle uova viene deposta nella prima settimana di giugno, quando la tundra è libera dalla neve. La covata comprende di solito due uova, che vengono incubate dalla femmina dopo la deposizione del secondo uovo. Il maschio rimane di guardia nelle vicinanze. Le uova si schiudono dopo circa 27-29 giorni e i giovani si alzano in volo all'età di circa 80 giorni. Di solito, a causa delle aggressioni tra fratelli, sopravvive solamente un unico piccolo. L'incremento demografico annuo è inferiore al 10%, il più basso riscontrato tra tutte le gru. Il successo riproduttivo può essere ulteriormente ostacolato dal disturbo arrecato dalle renne e, talvolta, dai cani che accompagnano i mandriani. Nascite in cattività sono state ottenute presso la International Crane Foundation di Baraboo dopo numerosi tentativi falliti. Dal momento che i maschi spesso uccidevano le loro compagne, gli studiosi hanno dovuto ricorrere all'inseminazione artificiale; le uova, poi, sono state fatte covare da altre specie di gru, come quella canadese. Durante lo sviluppo, inoltre, sono stati usati particolari proiettori che simulavano le giornate più lunghe dell'estate artica.

Migrazione
Questa specie nidifica in due regioni disgiunte della tundra artica della Russia: la popolazione occidentale lungo il fiume Ob', nella Siberia occidentale, e quella orientale in Jacuzia. È una migratrice sulle lunghe distanze e, tra le gru, è una delle specie che effettuano gli spostamenti più lunghi. La popolazione orientale sverna lungo lo Yangtze e il lago Poyang in Cina, e quella occidentale a Fereydun Kenar in Iran. La popolazione centrale, che in passato svernava nel parco nazionale di Keoladeo a Bharatpur, in India, è estinta.

Distribuzione e habitat
Originariamente l'areale di nidificazione della gru siberiana si estendeva dalla regione compresa tra gli Urali e il fiume Ob' fino ai fiumi Išim e Tobol a sud e alla regione della Kolyma a est. Da allora il numero di esemplari è diminuito a seguito dei cambiamenti dell'utilizzo del terreno, del prosciugamento delle zone umide per fare spazio ai terreni agricoli e della caccia lungo le rotte migratorie. In epoca moderna l'areale di riproduzione si è ristretto a due zone molto distanti tra loro, una occidentale, tra i bacini dei fiumi Ob', Konda e Sos'va, e una orientale, che ospita un numero di esemplari di gran lunga superiore, in Jacuzia, tra i fiumi Jana e Alazeja. Come la maggior parte delle gru, anche quella siberiana vive in paludi e zone umide poco profonde, spesso spingendosi in cerca di cibo anche in acque più profonde delle altre gru. Mostra un forte attaccamento alle zone di svernamento e di nidificazione e utilizza gli stessi siti anno dopo anno. La popolazione occidentale sverna in Iran, ma in passato alcuni esemplari trascorrevano l'inverno in India, spingendosi a sud fino a Nagpur e a est fino al Bihar. La popolazione orientale sverna prevalentemente nella regione del lago Poyang, in Cina.

Tassonomia

La gru siberiana venne descritta ufficialmente da Peter Simon Pallas nel 1773 con il nome scientifico Grus leucogeranus. L'appellativo specifico deriva dai termini greci leukos, «bianco», e geranos, «gru». Tuttavia, circa 100 anni prima, nel XVII secolo, una gru siberiana era già stata raffigurata da Ustad Mansur, un artista e cantore di corte del sovrano moghul Jahangir. George Robert Gray classificò le gru, compresa questa specie, nel genere Megalornis, mentre Richard Bowdler Sharpe suggerì di separare questa specie da Grus istituendo il genere Sarcogeranus. La gru siberiana è priva del complesso sistema di spire tracheali presente nella maggior parte delle gru, ma condivide questa caratteristica con la gru caruncolata. Anche il suo richiamo, che le coppie emettono all'unisono, differisce da quello della maggior parte delle gru e alcuni autori hanno suggerito di classificare la gru siberiana nel genere Bugeranus assieme alla gru caruncolata. Il confronto delle sequenze di DNA del citocromo-b, tuttavia, suggerisce che la gru siberiana è una rappresentante basale della sottofamiglia Gruinae e che la gru caruncolata è la sola specie del genere Bugeranus, considerato un sister-taxon delle gru del genere Anthropoides.

Secondo uno studio di filogenesi molecolare pubblicato nel 2010 il genere Grus, come inteso in passato, sarebbe polifiletico. A seguito del successivo riarrangiamento per creare generi monofiletici, la gru siberiana è stata trasferita nel ripristinato genere Leucogeranus, istituito dal biologo francese Charles Lucien Bonaparte nel 1855.

Conservazione

Lo stato di conservazione di questa specie è particolarmente critico e si stima che ne rimangano in tutto circa 3200-4000 esemplari, quasi tutti appartenenti alla popolazione orientale. Delle 15 specie di gru, questa è una delle più minacciate (solamente la gru americana del Nordamerica, della quale nel 2018 ve ne erano appena 750 esemplari, è più rara). La popolazione occidentale, scesa drasticamente a 4 unità nel 2002, si riteneva completamente estinta, fino a quando non venne avvistato un esemplare solitario in Iran nel 2010. Il sito di svernamento di Poyang, in Cina, ospita il 98% della popolazione, ma è minacciato dai cambiamenti idrologici provocati dalla diga delle Tre Gole e da altri progetti di sfruttamento delle acque.

Le testimonianze storiche indicano che in India questa specie occupava un areale di svernamento molto più esteso, essendo stata segnalata nel Gujarat, nei pressi di Nuova Delhi e molto più ad est, nel Bihar. Nel 1974 a Bharatpur svernavano fino a 75 esemplari, ma da allora il loro numero è crollato, tanto che nel 1992 ne venne segnalata una sola coppia e l'ultimo esemplare venne avvistato nel 2002. Nel XIX secolo era ben più numeroso il numero di questi uccelli che visitava l'India. Purtroppo, essi attirarono ben presto l'attenzione di cacciatori e collezionisti di esemplari museali. Un esemplare fuggito da un serraglio privato venne abbattuto nelle Ebridi Esterne nel 1891. È possibile che in passato la popolazione occidentale svernasse anche molto più a ovest di quanto non faccia oggi, in Egitto, lungo il Nilo.

La migrazione di uno stormo di esemplari che svernava in Iran è stato monitorato attraverso la telemetria satellitare. Grazie ad essa gli studiosi hanno scoperto che questi esemplari effettuavano una sosta all'estremità orientale del delta del Volga. La telemetria satellitare è stata utilizzata anche per tracciare la migrazione della popolazione orientale a metà degli anni '90, grazie alla quale sono state scoperte nuove aree di sosta lungo la rotta migratoria della specie nella Russia orientale e in Cina. La gru siberiana è una delle specie alle quali si applica l'Accordo sulla conservazione degli uccelli acquatici migratori dell'Africa-Eurasia (AEWA) ed è soggetta al Protocollo d'intesa relativo alle misure di conservazione per la gru siberiana, concluso nell'ambito della convenzione di Bonn.

Rapporti con l'uomo
Per alcune tribù di nativi siberiani - gli Jakuti e gli Jukaghiri - la gru siberiana è un uccello sacro associato al sole, alla primavera e agli spiriti celesti benevoli, gli ajyy. Nel poema epico jakuto Olonkho, sciamani e sciamane si trasformano in gru siberiane.

Note

Altri progetti

Collegamenti esterni
 International Crane Foundation's Siberian crane page .
 BirdLife Species Factsheet.
 Siberian Crane Flyway Coordination (SCFC) enhances communication among the large network of scientists, governmental agencies, biologists, private organizations, and citizens involved with Siberian crane conservation in Eurasia.
 Siberian Crane Wetland Project (SCWP) is a six-year effort to sustain the ecological integrity of a network of globally important wetlands in Asia that are of critical importance for migratory waterbirds and other wetland biodiversity, using the globally threatened Siberian crane as a flagship species.
 Online broadcasting of white cranes' lives from the Oksk hatchery arose.

Gruidae
Specie animali in pericolo di estinzione
Taxa classificati da Linneo


text:
HomeCosmeticsReview supports upcycled coffee potential for cosmetics
Review supports upcycled coffee potential for cosmetics
Sustainability continues to dominate the cosmetics and personal beauty care product industry in 2023, and companies, in turn, continue to research and develop innovative offerings to meet consumer demand. In a competitive market that already offers a plethora of green beauty brands and products, a particular cosmetic ingredient readily lends itself to the upcycling movement in cosmetics: coffee.
Something big is brewing
Coffee is already well-regarded as a cosmetic ingredient because of its high concentration of naturally occurring polyphenols like caffeine and chlorogenic acid. Caffeine is often used in products like eye-brighteners as its benefits include anti-aging properties, and chlorogenic acid is incorporated into various products for its powerful antioxidant benefits.
As coffee is industrially processed, by-products like spent coffee grounds or coffee silverskin are produced in high-volume amounts; as "about 50% of the coffee fruit is discarded in its production, the coffee industry is responsible for generating large quantities of residues," according to the recently published scientific review.
These by-products still contain "bioactive compounds and other chemical characteristics that can provide functional properties in cosmetic formulations," which means that as one of the most widely consumed beverages globally, there's a significant amount of by-products available for potential reuse.
Disposing of these by-products is a challenge for coffee manufacturers as there are potential environmental hazards related to its high-polyphenol composition, which can "present a phytotoxic effect when improperly discarded in the soil."
As coffee by-products potentially contain bio-actives that can still be utilized in cosmetics formulations, there is significant value in exploring potential opportunities to form mutually beneficial professional relationships. "Converting by-products into products of higher quality or value," like upcycling into cosmetics products, "represents the closing of the circle of a design aimed to increase the product's overall sustainability, in a circular economy mode."
Coffee silverskin
Though there are a variety of coffee by-products generated in processing, including "defective coffee beans, husks/pulp, parchment, silverskin and spent coffee grounds," the study identifies the latter two as their areas of focus as they are the most thoroughly studied for cosmetic application.
As detailed in the review, coffee silverskin and spent coffee grounds both maintain a "richness in bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity described as having interesting functional properties related to its fiber content, including emulsifying activity and emulsion stability, which can benefit cosmetic formulations."
Most are familiar with the spent coffee grounds left behind after brewing, but coffee silverskin, "a thin layer covering the green coffee seeds," that detaches during roasting and therefore is the only coffee by-product generated during this stage of processing. Silverskin is "rich in protein and minerals, particularly potassium, magnesium, and calcium."
Extensive research studies testing the cosmetic benefits of coffee silverskin report antioxidant and anti-aging benefits. In one study, 20 volunteers tested a silverskin extract cream against a hyaluronic cream, evaluating skin elasticity and firmness over a specified period. Researchers subsequently concluded that the coffee silverskin cream "provided similar results to hyaluronic acid regarding skin hydration and firmness, as well as volunteer acceptance."
The same researchers further demonstrated that coffee silverskin extract is safe for topical use and retains "antioxidant activity and stability during storage" in subsequent studies. Additional research into coffee silverskin's anti-cellulite benefits showed "improved penetration of nanoparticles" into the skin's surface for increased efficacy, which requires further investigation.
Spent coffee grounds
After brewing, spent coffee grounds remain. Like coffee silverskin, spent coffee grounds are "rich in proteins and minerals such as potassium and magnesium." Both demonstrate similar antioxidant potential.
Research into spent coffee grounds examined different topical applications for their efficacy, including hydrogel and exfoliating creams. In the hydrogel formulation, spent coffee ground extract demonstrated "promising results for anti-aging and skin lightening formulations" and concluded that the extract's inclusion "lowered apparent viscosity when compared with a control gel without extracts addition," resulting in a more stable formulation structure.
In the exfoliating body cream topical application, researchers focused on spent coffee ground's ability to mechanically remove dead skin cells and impurities on the skin's surface while still providing antioxidant benefits. Three formulations of differing spent coffee ground concentrations (4%, 6%, 8%) were tested with researchers examining exfoliating capacity, antioxidant capacity, and sensory analysis. Results showed that while all three formulations demonstrated similar exfoliation capacity, the 6% "showed a high content of antioxidants and polyphenols combined with good texture parameters like adhesiveness and cohesiveness."
Both the hydrogel and exfoliating body cream formulations tested "allowed delivery and permeation of bioactive substances without toxicity."
Other studies examined the photoprotection benefits of spent coffee ground extract in sunscreen formulations. Compared to green coffee oil extract, spent coffee ground was the most effective because it better adhered to the skin's surface for more complete penetration of the dermal layer. Based on these promising results, "SCG oil was presented as an alternative in cosmetic use since no irritative or allergic reactions on the occlusive patch test occurred, and the formulation had broad SPF protection and good mechanical behavior."
Naturally occurring chlorogenic acids show promise when addressing other common cosmetic concerns like acne and wound healing thanks to their anti-inflammatory benefits and as an effective ingredient to include in nutraceutical products.
Thanks to the abundance of conclusive research and results, some cosmetics and personal beauty care companies are already formulating products with coffee by-product ingredients and therefore adopting upcycling into their business models.
Kaffe Bueno, located in Denmark, recycles spent coffee grounds by processing them for use in skincare products. In Switzerland, brands Koffee' Up and SLVR Coffee both use coffee by-products in their product offerings: Koffee' Up produces a cosmetic oil from spent coffee ground extract with antioxidant benefits, and SLVR Coffee is the "first upcycled ingredient that is based on coffee silverskin."
According to market data source Statista, "the global anti-aging market was estimated to be worth about 62.6 billion U.S. dollars in 2021 and is estimated to see a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of nearly seven percent between 2022 and 2027."
As consumer demand for anti-aging products and more sustainable offerings continues to increase, it will be intriguing to see if U.S. cosmetics companies begin to formulate options similar to the European companies already in the coffee-byproduct space.
Source: Cosmetics
2023; 10(1):12. https://doi.org/10.3390/cosmetics10010012
"Chlorogenic Acids and Caffeine from Coffee By-Products: A Review on Skincare Applications"
Authors: R. Rodrigues et al
How to Create Heidi Klum's Up Do for the Holiday Season Festivities – Iles Formula
Introducing OLAPLEX Broad Spectrum Chelating Treatment
elf Wispy Cloud, Wildflower, Sahara, Golden Rays No Budge Cream Eyeshadows Reviews & Swatches
ColourPop Love Struck Pressed Powder Highlighter Review & Swatches
JCPenney Beauty offers comprehensive shopping experience


text:
Government fails to meet Freedom of Information Act deadline on National Citizen Service data
06 October 2011 by Andy Hillier
Cabinet Office blames 'administrative error' for failing to respond in the specified time to a request from Third Sector
The Cabinet Office has failed to meet the statutory time limit for responding to a request made under the Freedom of Information Act for details about the National Citizen Service pilot projects.
Third Sector made the request on 23 August for details about the social and ethnic backgrounds of the young people in this summer's programmes and the numbers completing the scheme or dropping out.
Under the terms of the act, the Cabinet Office should have responded within 20 working days, which expired on 20 September. Third Sector has referred the case to the Information Commissioner's Office.
The Cabinet Office said in June that it would improve the time it took to respond to freedom of information requests after the ICO had received other complaints about delays.
In a statement, the Cabinet Office said: "We aim to address all freedom of information requests as promptly as possible and we are currently working closely with the Information Commissioner's Office to ensure we reach the required standards.
"The Cabinet Office takes all freedom of information requests extremely seriously. In this instance, there was a delay that was caused by an administrative error."
The statement said the figures requested were not yet available because an independent evaluation was of the NCS was still taking place.
Asked to comment on the situation, Roberta Blackman-Woods, the shadow minister for civil society, said: "We constantly ask questions about the National Citizen Service, not to criticise but simply to get more information about who is benefiting from the scheme and its cost-effectiveness, particularly at a time of extensive cuts to public services for young people.
"If the government wishes to be open and transparent, it really needs to provide information before the freedom of information request stage – and, when a request is submitted, the information needs to be made available within the legal timeframe."
In June, the Education Select Committee of MPs called on the government to abandon the six-week NCS scheme, saying that the programme would be expensive and hard to justify in times of spending cuts.
Last month, Nick Hurd, the Minister for Civil Society, told parliament that almost a quarter of the 11,000 spaces on this year's programme had not been filled.
Communications Policy and Politics Volunteering Registered metered content
Volunteering ,
Policy and Politics ,
Communications ,
The Prince's Trust withdraws from National Citizen Service for 2012
A quarter of National Citizen Service places were not taken up
Sight-loss charity changes its name
Chair of trust and aide to Labour leadership hopeful suspended after 'antisemitic' tweets
Extinction Rebellion criticises inclusion on extremism watch list
Latest Communications Jobs
Trusts & Grants Manager Part-Time
Garden House Hospice Care Letchworth Garden City, Hertfordshire
Liveries Manager - Applicants must have experience of fundraising from Grant Making Trusts as a min
Treloar Trust Alton, Hampshire
Noah Enterprise Luton, Bedfordshire


Care: Machine wash on gentle cold. Do not tumble dry.
Den in White on Black is a funky cotton double gauze from Echino's collection for Kokka. Manufacturered in Japan. This double gauze is lofty and light and will work well for shirts, tops and dresses.


This snappy rhyming text has all the woodland animals zeroing in on a blackberry bush with its yummy, just-ripe treats. That is, until growly Bear turns up, sending them all scurrying in a farcical cascade of mishaps. But who will get the last berry--and the last laugh?
Pierce keeps the text light, with lots of appropriate onomatopoeia for all the animal noises when they're happily munching. Downey's lifelike art captures just a hint of whimsy in their gleeful gobbling. And, of course, there's more info on blackberries and their place in the "food web" and a yummy recipe for blackberry smoothie.
This is one of Sylvan Dell's better outings this season, with a more imaginative and sprightly treatment of a nature topic, but one that doesn't stray far from its factual basis.


Relax your feet in comfort while sitting in your wheelchair. This padded foot rests both your fee and calves for added comfort. Features: Cushion easily attaches with hook and loop straps. Made from polyurethane foam. Spot clean with mild detergent.


text:
Valdefresno es una ganadería española de reses bravas, fundada en 1992 por Nicolás Fraile Martín tras la partición de la ganadería del Puerto de San Lorenzo. La camada principal de las reses pasta actualmente en la finca homónima "Valdefresno", situada en el término municipal de Tabera de Abajo, en la provincia de Salamanca; está inscrita en la Unión de Criadores de Toros de Lidia.

Historia de la ganadería
En el año 1958, Juan Luis y Nicolás Fraile Martín compraron, junto a María Cascón, la ganadería de Dña. Mercedes Flores Sánchez, a la que le añadieron años más tarde dos lotes de vacas y sementales procedentes de Arturo Sánchez y Sánchez y de José Infante de Cámara. En 1976 se le añade ganado procedente de Lisardo Sánchez, formando la línea homónima dentro del encaste Atanasio Fernández.

Después de diversas particiones de la ganadería del Puerto de San Lorenzo, la definitiva llega en el año 1992, cuando Nicolás Fraile Martín se separa de su hermano Lorenzo y funda Valdefresno con la parte del ganado que le correspondió del Puerto, manteniendo de esta manera el encaste Atanasio Fernández en la línea de Lisardo Sánchez con la diferencia de selección del tipo de toro entre ambos ganaderos, teniendo Valdefresno un tipo de toro con más bravura.

En la actualidad, la propiedad de la ganadería es ostentada por sus hijos Nicolás y José Enrique Fraile Mazas, tras el fallecimiento del ganadero en el año 2014.

Toros célebres
 Cara alegre: indultado por Iván García en Beziers el 15 de agosto de 2006, al que le cortó simbólicamente las dos orejas y el rabo.
 Pitito: indultado por Miguel Ángel Perera en la feria de San Antolín de Palencia el 30 de agosto de 2006. Fue el primer toro indultado en la historia de la plaza.
 Rayito: toro negro de capa, de 535 kg de peso, indultado por Miguel Tendero en la Monumental de Barcelona el 1 de agosto de 2010.

Características

La ganadería está formada por toros de procedencia Atanasio Fernández y Lisardo Sánchez. Atienden en sus características zootécnicas las que recoge como propias el Ministerio del Interior:

 Toros altos de agujas, con gran desarrollo del tercio anterior, dándose los tipos aleonados, ensillados, plantados de atrás y de delante, zanquilargos, perfiles subcóncavos, rectos y con menor frecuencia subconvexos, badanudos y de gran padada. La cola es larga y gruesa, con borlón abundante. Con cabos proporcionados, excepto los de la línea Lisardo Sánchez, que son más gruesos de extremidades, en la cual se dan animales carifoscos, astracanados, con mucha papada y badana, de perfil convexo.
 Buena encornadura con característicos veletos y astiblancos, con mayor desarrollo de cuernos, con abundancia de animales acapachados y menor alzada.
 Sus pintas son negras, con accidentales muy típicos como el burraco y el carbonero. Con menor frecuencia se dan capas castañas, coloradas y cárdenas. Sus accidentales suelen ser salpicado, gargantillo, jirón y coliblanco.

Sanfermines

2013
Los toros de Valdefresno debutaron en los Sanfermines el 9 de julio de 2013; protagonizaron un encierro accidentado y rápido, con una duración de 2 minutos y 23 segundos dejando dos heridos leves por contusiones. La corrida fue estoqueada por Alberto Aguilar, David Mora y Rubén Pinar.

Hnos. Fraile Mazas

En el año 1996, Nicolás Fraile crea un segundo hierro en la ganadería de Valdefresno con vacas y sementales de esta última. Mantiene el antiguo hierro de su padre Juan Luis Fraile Valle, anunciándolo más tarde a nombre de sus hijos Nicolás y José Enrique, con el título de Hnos. Fraile Mazas; este hierro también está inscrito en la Unión de Criadores de Toros de Lidia.

Premios y reconocimientos
 1998: Premio "Toro de Oro" al mejor toro de la Feria taurina de Salamanca por el toro Manzano, lidiado por Andrés Sánchez el 16 de septiembre de ese año.
 2008: Premio del Colegio Oficial de Veterinarios de Valladolid por la bravura y nobleza del toro Fardero, lidiado por Domingo López Chaves durante la Feria taurina de la Virgen de San Lorenzo 2007.
 2015:
 Trofeo "Sangre Brava" al toro de la Juventud Cauriense de Coria por Buscador, otorgado por la peña taurina homónima.
 XXVIII Trofeo "Bobo de Coria" por el toro Buscador de la Juventud Cauriense como el mejor toro de los Sanjuanes 2015, otorgado por el Círculo Taurino Cauriense.
 2018: Premio a la mejor ganadería de los encierros de Medina del Campo y del Concurso Nacional de Corte de Novillos, otorgado por el ayuntamiento del municipio vallisoletano.

Referencias

Bibliografía

Enlaces externos
 Sastre, Ana (2008). "Nuestro campo bravo: Ganadería de Valdefresno" Castilla-La Mancha TV.
 Casas Ramos, David (2011). "Valdefresno (Por las Rutas del Toro)" Toros TV.

Ganaderías de toros en Castilla y León
Economía de la provincia de Salamanca