text:
"RAAF" redirects here. For the British auxiliary air force, see Royal Auxiliary Air Force. For other uses, see RAAF (disambiguation).
Air warfare branch of Australia's armed forces
31 March 1921 – present
14,313 Active personnel [1]
5,499 Reserve personnel
Garrison/HQ
Russell Offices
Motto(s)
Latin: Per Ardua ad Astra
"Through Adversity to the Stars"
Royal Australian Air Force March Past
RAAF Anniversary Commemoration – 31 March
Berlin Airlift
Malayan Emergency
Indonesia–Malaysia Confrontation
Military intervention against ISIL
www.airforce.gov.au
Commander-in-chief
(As Governor-General of Australia)
Chief of Air Force
Air Marshal Mel Hupfeld
Deputy Chief of Air Force
Air Vice Marshal Stephen Meredith
Air Commander Australia
Air Vice Marshal Joe Iervasi
Warrant Officer of the Air Force
Warrant Officer Robert Swanwick
Aircraft flown
EA-18G Growler, E-7A Wedgetail
F/A-18A/B Hornet, F/A-18F Super Hornet, F-35A Lightning II
AP-3C Orion, P-8A Poseidon
PC-21, Hawk 127, KA350
C-130J Hercules, C-17A Globemaster III, 737 BBJ, Falcon 7X, KC-30A MRTT, C-27J Spartan
The Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF), formed in March 1921, is the aerial warfare branch of the Australian Defence Force (ADF). It operates the majority of the ADF's fixed wing aircraft, although both the Australian Army and Royal Australian Navy also operate aircraft in various roles.[1][2] It directly continues the traditions of the Australian Flying Corps (AFC), formed on 22 October 1912.[3] The RAAF provides support across a spectrum of operations such as air superiority, precision strikes, intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance, air mobility, space surveillance, and humanitarian support.
The RAAF took part in many of the 20th century's major conflicts. During the early years of the Second World War a number of RAAF bomber, fighter, reconnaissance and other squadrons served in Britain, and with the Desert Air Force located in North Africa and the Mediterranean. From 1942, many RAAF units were formed in Australia, and fought in South West Pacific Area. Thousands of Australians also served with other Commonwealth air forces in Europe, including during the bomber offensive against Germany.[4] By the time the war ended, a total of 216,900 men and women served in the RAAF, of whom 10,562 were killed in action.[5]
Later the RAAF served in the Berlin Airlift, Korean War, Malayan Emergency, Indonesia–Malaysia Confrontation and Vietnam War. More recently, the RAAF has participated in operations in East Timor, the Iraq War, the War in Afghanistan, and the military intervention against the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL).
The RAAF has 259 aircraft, of which 110 are combat aircraft.
1.1 Formation, 1912
1.2 First World War
1.3 Inter-war period
1.4 Second World War
1.4.1 Europe and the Mediterranean
1.4.2 Pacific War
1.5 Service since 1945
2 Women in the RAAF
3 Ranks and uniform
4 Roundel
6 Current strength
6.1 Personnel
6.2 Aircraft
6.2.1 Current inventory
6.3 Armament
6.4 Current flying squadrons
6.5 Non-flying squadrons
6.6 Wings
6.7 Force Element Groups
6.8 Headquarters
7 Roulettes
8 Future procurement
A Royal Australian Air Force 737BBJ taxies at Sydney Airport
A RAAF aircraft technician opening a panel of a Boeing E-7A Wedgetail
Main article: History of the Royal Australian Air Force
Formation, 1912[edit]
The RAAF traces its history back to the Imperial Conference held in London in 1911, where it was decided aviation should be developed within the armed forces of the British Empire. Australia implemented this decision, the first dominion to do so, by approving the establishment of the "Australian Aviation Corps". This initially consisted of the Central Flying School at Point Cook, Victoria, opening on 22 October 1912.[6] By 1914 the corps was known as the "Australian Flying Corps".[7]
First World War[edit]
Main article: Australian Flying Corps
See also: Military history of Australia during World War I
Soon after the outbreak of war in 1914, the Australian Flying Corps sent aircraft to assist in capturing German colonies in what is now north-east New Guinea. However, these colonies surrendered quickly, before the planes were even unpacked. The first operational flights did not occur until 27 May 1915, when the Mesopotamian Half Flight was called upon to assist the Indian Army in protecting British oil interests in what is now Iraq.[8]
The corps later saw action in Egypt, Palestine and on the Western Front throughout the remainder of the First World War. By the end of the war, four squadrons—Nos. 1, 2, 3 and 4—had seen operational service, while another four training squadrons—Nos. 5, 6, 7 and 8—had also been established. A total of 460 officers and 2,234 other ranks served in the AFC, whilst another 200 men served as aircrew in the British flying services.[9] Casualties included 175 dead, 111 wounded, 6 gassed and 40 captured.[10]
Inter-war period[edit]
The Australian Flying Corps remained part of the Australian Army until 1919, when it was disbanded along with the First Australian Imperial Force (AIF). Although the Central Flying School continued to operate at Point Cook, military flying virtually ceased until 1920, when the Australian Air Corps (AAC) was formed. The Australian Air Force was formed on 31 March 1921. King George V approved the prefix "Royal" in June 1921 and became effective on 31 August 1921. The RAAF then became the second Royal air arm to be formed in the British Commonwealth, following the British Royal Air Force.[11] When formed the RAAF had more aircraft than personnel, with 21 officers and 128 other ranks and 153 aircraft.[12]
Second World War[edit]
See also: Military history of Australia during World War II
Europe and the Mediterranean[edit]
In September 1939, the Australian Air Board directly controlled the Air Force via RAAF Station Laverton, RAAF Station Richmond, RAAF Station Pearce, No. 1 Flying Training School RAAF at Point Cook, RAAF Station Rathmines and five smaller units.[13]
In 1939, just after the outbreak of the Second World War, Australia joined the Empire Air Training Scheme, under which flight crews received basic training in Australia before travelling to Canada for advanced training. A total of 17 RAAF bomber, fighter, reconnaissance and other squadrons served initially in Britain and with the Desert Air Force located in North Africa and the Mediterranean. Thousands of Australians also served with other Commonwealth air forces in Europe during the Second World War.[4] About nine percent of the personnel who served under British RAF commands in Europe and the Mediterranean were RAAF personnel.[14]
With British manufacturing targeted by the German Luftwaffe, in 1941 the Australian government created the Department of Aircraft Production (DAP; later known as the Government Aircraft Factories) to supply Commonwealth air forces,[15] and the RAAF was eventually provided with large numbers of locally built versions of British designs such as the DAP Beaufort torpedo bomber, Beaufighters and Mosquitos, as well as other types such as Wirraways, Boomerangs, and Mustangs.[4]
In the European theatre of the war, RAAF personnel were especially notable in RAF Bomber Command: although they represented just two percent of all Australian enlistments during the war, they accounted for almost twenty percent of those killed in action. This statistic is further illustrated by the fact that No. 460 Squadron RAAF, mostly flying Avro Lancasters, had an official establishment of about 200 aircrew and yet had 1,018 combat deaths. The squadron was therefore effectively wiped out five times over.[16] Total RAAF casualties in Europe were 5,488 killed or missing.[4]
Curtiss Kittyhawk Mk IA of 75th Squadron RAAF, which F/O Geoff Atherton flew over New Guinea in August 1942.
Pacific War[edit]
The Brewster F2A Buffalo participated in air campaigns over Malayan, Singapore and Dutch East Indies
The beginning of the Pacific War—and the rapid advance of Japanese forces—threatened the Australian mainland for the first time in its history. The RAAF was quite unprepared for the emergency, and initially had negligible forces available for service in the Pacific. In 1941 and early 1942, many RAAF airmen, including Nos. 1, 8, 21 and 453 Squadrons, saw action with the RAF Far East Command in the Malayan, Singapore and Dutch East Indies campaigns. Equipped with aircraft such as the Brewster Buffalo, and Lockheed Hudsons, the Australian squadrons suffered heavily against Japanese Zeros.[17]
During the fighting for Rabaul in early 1942, No. 24 Squadron RAAF fought a brief, but ultimately futile defence as the Japanese advanced south towards Australia.[18] The devastating air raids on Darwin on 19 February 1942 increased concerns about the direct threat facing Australia. In response, some RAAF squadrons were transferred from the northern hemisphere—although a substantial number remained there until the end of the war. Shortages of fighter and ground attack planes led to the acquisition of US-built Curtiss P-40 Kittyhawks and the rapid design and manufacture of the first Australian fighter, the CAC Boomerang. RAAF Kittyhawks came to play a crucial role in the New Guinea and Solomon Islands campaigns, especially in operations like the Battle of Milne Bay. As a response to a possible Japanese chemical warfare threat the RAAF imported hundreds of thousands of chemical weapons into Australia.[19]
RAAF volunteers from Brisbane leaving for training
In the Battle of the Bismarck Sea, imported Bristol Beaufighters proved to be highly effective ground attack and maritime strike aircraft. Beaufighters were later made locally by the DAP from 1944.[20] Although it was much bigger than Japanese fighters, the Beaufighter had the speed to outrun them.[21] The RAAF operated a number of Consolidated PBY Catalina as long range bombers and scouts. The RAAF's heavy bomber force was predominantly made up of 287 B-24 Liberators, equipping seven squadrons, which could bomb Japanese targets as far away as Borneo and the Philippines from airfields in Australia and New Guinea.[22] By late 1945, the RAAF had received or ordered about 500 P-51 Mustangs, for fighter/ground attack purposes. The Commonwealth Aircraft Corporation initially assembled US-made Mustangs, but later manufactured most of those used.[23]
By mid-1945, the RAAF's main operational formation in the Pacific, the First Tactical Air Force (1st TAF), consisted of over 21,000 personnel, while the RAAF as a whole consisted of about 50 squadrons and 6,000 aircraft, of which over 3,000 were operational.[24] The 1st TAF's final campaigns were fought in support of Australian ground forces in Borneo,[25] but had the war continued some of its personnel and equipment would likely have been allocated to the invasion of the Japanese mainland, along with some of the RAAF bomber squadrons in Europe, which were to be grouped together with British and Canadian squadrons as part of the proposed Tiger Force. However, the war was brought to a sudden end by the US nuclear attacks on Japan.[26] The RAAF's casualties in the Pacific were around 2,000 killed, wounded or captured.[25]
By the time the war ended, a total of 216,900 men and women served in the RAAF, of whom 10,562 were killed in action; a total of 76 squadrons were formed.[5] With over 152,000 personnel operating nearly 6,000 aircraft it was the world's fourth largest air force.[27]
Service since 1945[edit]
During the Berlin Airlift, in 1948–49, the RAAF Squadron Berlin Air Lift aided the international effort to fly in supplies to the stricken city; two RAF Avro York aircraft were also crewed by RAAF personnel. Although a small part of the operation, the RAAF contribution was significant, flying 2,062 sorties and carrying 7,030 tons of freight and 6,964 passengers.[28]
In the Korean War, from 1950–53, North American Mustangs from No. 77 Squadron RAAF, stationed in Japan with the British Commonwealth Occupation Force, were among the first United Nations aircraft to be deployed, in ground support, combat air patrol, and escort missions. When the UN planes were confronted by North Korean Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-15 jet fighters, 77 Sqn acquired Gloster Meteors, however the MiGs remained superior and the Meteors were relegated to ground support missions as the North Koreans gained experience. The air force also operated transport aircraft during the conflict. No. 77 Squadron flew 18,872 sorties, claiming the destruction of 3,700 buildings, 1,408 vehicles, 16 bridges, 98 railway carriages and an unknown number of enemy personnel. Three MiG-15s were confirmed destroyed, and two others probably destroyed. RAAF casualties included 41 killed and seven captured; 66 aircraft – 22 Mustangs and 44 Meteors – were lost.[29]
Two RAAF Mirage III fighters in 1980
In July 1952, No. 78 Wing RAAF was deployed to Malta in the Mediterranean where it formed part of a British force which sought to counter the Soviet Union's influence in the Middle East as part of Australia's Cold War commitments. Consisting of No. 75 and 76 Squadrons equipped with de Havilland Vampire jet fighters, the wing provided an air garrison for the island for the next two and half years, returning to Australia in late 1954.[30]
In 1953, a Royal Air Force officer, Air Marshal Sir Donald Hardman, was brought out to Australia to become Chief of the Air Staff.[31] He reorganised the RAAF into three commands: Home Command, Maintenance Command, and Training Command. Five years later, Home Command was renamed Operational Command, and Training Command and Maintenance Command were amalgamated to form Support Command.[32]
In the Malayan Emergency, from 1950–60, six Avro Lincolns from No. 1 Squadron RAAF and a flight of Douglas Dakotas from No. 38 Squadron RAAF took part in operations against the communist guerrillas (labelled as "Communist Terrorists" by the British authorities) as part of the RAF Far East Air Force. The Dakotas were used on cargo runs, in troop movement and in paratroop and leaflet drops within Malaya. The Lincolns, operating from bases in Singapore and from Kuala Lumpur, formed the backbone of the air war against the CTs, conducting bombing missions against their jungle bases. Although results were often difficult to assess, they allowed the government to harass CT forces, attack their base camps when identified and keep them on the move. Later, in 1958, Canberra bombers from No. 2 Squadron RAAF were deployed to Malaya and took part in bombing missions against the CTs.[33]
An RAAF F/A-18 with a USAF KC-135 Stratotanker, two F-15Es, an F-117, two F-16s and a RAF Tornado over Iraq
During the Vietnam War, from 1964–72, the RAAF contributed Caribou STOL transport aircraft as part of the RAAF Transport Flight Vietnam, later redesignated No. 35 Squadron RAAF, UH-1 Iroquois helicopters from No. 9 Squadron RAAF, and English Electric Canberra bombers from No. 2 Squadron RAAF. The Canberras flew 11,963 bombing sorties, and two aircraft were lost. One went missing during a bombing raid. The wreckage of the aircraft was recovered in April 2009, and the remains of Flying Officer Michael Herbert and Pilot Officer Robert Carver were found in late July 2009. The other was shot down by a surface-to-air missile, although both crew were rescued. They dropped 76,389 bombs and were credited with 786 enemy personnel confirmed killed and a further 3,390 estimated killed, 8,637 structures, 15,568 bunkers, 1,267 sampans and 74 bridges destroyed.[34] RAAF transport aircraft also supported anti-communist ground forces. The UH-1 helicopters were used in many roles including medical evacuation and close air support. RAAF casualties in Vietnam included six killed in action, eight non-battle fatalities, 30 wounded in action and 30 injured.[35] A small number of RAAF pilots also served in United States Air Force units, flying F-4 Phantom fighter-bombers or serving as forward air controllers.[36]
A Royal Australian Air Force F/A-18F Super Hornet at the 2013 Avalon Airshow
Military airlifts were conducted for a number of purposes in the intervening decades, such as the peacekeeping operations in East Timor from 1999. Australia's combat aircraft were not used again in combat until the Iraq War in 2003, when 14 F/A-18s from No. 75 Squadron RAAF operated in the escort and ground attack roles, flying a total of 350 sorties and dropping 122 laser-guided bombs.[37] A detachment of AP-3C Orion maritime patrol aircraft were deployed in the Middle East between 2003 and 2012. These aircraft conducted maritime surveillance patrols over the Persian Gulf and North Arabian Sea in support of Coalition warships and boarding parties, as well as conducting extensive overland flights of Iraq and Afghanistan on intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance missions, and supporting counter-piracy operations in Somalia.[38] From 2007 to 2009, a detachment of No. 114 Mobile Control and Reporting Unit RAAF was on active service at Kandahar Airfield in southern Afghanistan.[39] Approximately 75 personnel deployed with the AN/TPS-77 radar assigned the responsibility to co-ordinate coalition air operations.[40] A detachment of IAI Heron unmanned aerial vehicles has been deployed in Afghanistan since January 2010.[41]
F-35A Lightning will replace the ageing F-18 Hornets
In late September 2014, an Air Task Group consisting of up to eight F/A-18F Super Hornets, a KC-30A Multi Role Tanker Transport, an E-7A Wedgetail Airborne Early Warning & Control aircraft and 400 personnel was deployed to Al Minhad Air Base in the United Arab Emirates as part of the coalition to combat Islamic State forces in Iraq.[42] Operations began on 1 October.[43] A number of C-17 and C-130J Super Hercules transport aircraft based in the Middle East have also been used to conduct airdrops of humanitarian aid and to airlift arms and munitions since August.[44][45][46][47]
In June 2017 two RAAF AP-3C Orion maritime patrol aircraft were deployed to the southern Philippines in response to the Marawi crisis.[48][49][50]
Women in the RAAF[edit]
The RAAF established the Women's Auxiliary Australian Air Force (WAAAF) in March 1941, which then became the Women's Royal Australian Air Force (WRAAF) in 1951.[51] The service merged with the RAAF in 1977; however, all women in the Australian military were barred from combat-related roles until 1990. Women have been eligible for flying roles in the RAAF since 1987, with the RAAF's first women pilots awarded their "wings" in 1988.[52] In 2016, the remaining restrictions on women in frontline combat roles were removed, and the first two female RAAF fast jet fighter pilots graduated in December 2017.[53]
Ranks and uniform[edit]
A leading aircraftwoman from No. 75 Squadron wearing Auscam DPCU, 2008
Main article: Ranks of the Royal Australian Air Force
The rank structure of the nascent RAAF was established to ensure that the service remained separate from the Army and Navy.[54] The service's predecessors, the AFC and the AAC, had used the Army's rank structure. In November 1920 it was decided by the Air Board that the RAAF would adopt the structure adopted by the RAF the previous year.[55] As a result, the RAAF's rank structure came to be: Aircraftman, Leading Aircraftman, Corporal, Sergeant, Flight Sergeant, Warrant Officer, Officer Cadet, Pilot Officer, Flying Officer. Flight Lieutenant, Squadron Leader, Wing Commander, Group Captain, Air Commodore, Air Vice Marshal, Air Marshal, Air Chief Marshal, Marshal of the RAAF.[56]
In 1922, the colour of the RAAF winter uniform was determined by Air Marshal Sir Richard Williams on a visit to the Geelong Wool Mill. He asked for one dye dip fewer than the RAN blue (three indigo dips rather than four). There was a change to a lighter blue when an all-seasons uniform was introduced in the 1970s. The original colour and style were re-adopted around 2005.[57][58] Slip-on rank epaulettes, known as "Soft Rank Insignia" (SRI), displaying the word "AUSTRALIA" are worn on the shoulders of the service dress uniform.[56] When not in the service dress or "ceremonial" uniform, RAAF personnel wear the General Purpose Uniform (GPU) as a working dress, which is a blue version of the Australian Multicam Pattern.[59]
Roundel[edit]
Originally, the air force used the red, white and blue roundel of the RAF. However, during the Second World War the inner red circle, which was visually similar to the Japanese hinomaru, was removed after a No. 11 Squadron Catalina was mistaken for a Japanese aircraft and attacked by a Grumman Wildcat of VMF-212 of the United States Marine Corps on 27 June 1942.[60][61]
After the war, a range of options for the RAAF roundel was proposed, including the Southern Cross, a boomerang, a sprig of wattle, and a red kangaroo. On 2 July 1956, the current version of the roundel was formally adopted. This consists of a white inner circle with a red kangaroo surrounded by a royal blue circle. The kangaroo faces left, except when used on aircraft or vehicles, when the kangaroo should always face forward.[60] Low visibility versions of the roundel exist, with the white omitted and the red and blue replaced with light or dark grey.[62]
Badge[edit]
The RAAF badge was accepted by the Chester Herald in 1939. The badge is composed of the imperial crown mounted on a circle featuring the words Royal Australian Air Force, beneath which scroll work displays the Latin motto Per Ardua Ad Astra, which it shares with the Royal Air Force. Surmounting the badge is a wedge-tailed eagle. Per Ardua Ad Astra is attributed with the meaning "Through Adversity to the Stars" and is from Sir Henry Rider Haggard's novel The People of the Mist.[63]
Current strength[edit]
Personnel[edit]
As of June 2018, the RAAF had 14,313 permanent full-time personnel and 5,499 part-time active reserve personnel.[64]
Aircraft[edit]
See also: Current Royal Australian Air Force Aircraft
Current inventory[edit]
An F-35 taking off during the Australian International Airshow
An RAAF C-130J departing Point Cook
A C-17A Globemaster III
A BAE Hawk on approach
RAAF Dassault Falcon 7X
F-35 Lightning II United States stealth multirole F-35A CTOL 18[65] 72 total on order – five based in the US providing flight training[66]
Boeing F/A-18 Hornet United States multirole F/A-18A/B 54 / 15[67] 25 sold to Canada – at least 3 already transferred[68][69]
Boeing F/A-18 Super Hornet United States multirole F/A-18F 24[67]
Boeing E-7A Wedgetail United States AEW&C E-7A 6[67]
Boeing EA-18G Growler United States radar jamming 11[67]
Gulfstream G550 United States SIGINT / ELINT MC-55A 4 on order, deliveries 2023–2025[70]
Maritime Patrol
Boeing P-8A Poseidon United States ASW / patrol 12[71] additional 3 to be ordered[67]
AP-3C Orion United States maritime patrol 2 AP-3C variant replaced by P-8A Poseidon, 2 AP-3C EW variants remain
Airbus A330 MRTT France refueling / transport KC-30A 7[67] 1 with VIP configuration
Boeing C-17A Globemaster III United States strategic airlifter 8[67]
C-130J Super Hercules United States tactical airlifter C-130J-30 12[67]
C-27J Spartan Italy utility transport 10[67]
Boeing 737 BBJ United States VIP 2[72]
Dassault Falcon 7X France VIP 3[73]
AgustaWestland AW139 Italy SAR / utility 6[74] contracted with CHC Helicopter
Trainer Aircraft
BAE Hawk United Kingdom lead-in fighter trainer Hawk 127 33[67]
Pilatus PC-21 Switzerland trainer 49[75]
Beechcraft Super King Air United States multi-engine trainer / transport / ISTAR KA350 12[76][77]
MQ-4C Triton United States HALE maritime ISR 6 on order, deliveries from 2023[78]
MQ-9B Sky Guardian United States MALE armed RPAS 12–16 on order[79][80]
Armament[edit]
Paveway II laser guided bomb
AIM 9L Sidewinder
Air-to-air missile
ASRAAM United Kingdom IR guided missile 200 units[81]
AIM-120 AMRAAM United States beyond-visual-range missile 360 units[81]
AIM-9 Sidewinder United States 1297 units of which 47 were AIM-9X[81]
Air-to-surface missile
AGM-88 HARM United States anti-radiation missile
AGM-154 United States joint standoff weapon 50 units[81]
AGM-158 United States 260 units[81]
General-purpose bomb
JDAM United States precision guided munition 100 units[81]
GBU-15 United States precision guided munition 100 units[81]
GBU-10 Paveway II United States laser-guided bomb 100 units[81]
Mark 46 torpedo United States anti-sub weapon 250[81]
AGM-84 Harpoon United States 305[81]
Current flying squadrons[edit]
Main article: Structure of the RAAF
List of flying squadrons
No. 1 Squadron – Boeing F/A-18F Super Hornet (Multi-Role Fighter)
No. 2 Squadron – Boeing E-7A Wedgetail (AEW&C)
No. 3 Squadron – Lockheed-Martin F-35A Lightning (Multi-Role Fighter)
No. 4 Squadron – Pilatus PC9/A (JTAC Training)
No. 6 Squadron – Boeing E/A-18G Growler (Electronic Warfare)
No. 10 Squadron – Lockheed AP-3C Orion (Maritime Patrol)
No. 11 Squadron – Boeing P-8 Poseidon (Maritime Patrol)
No. 32 Squadron – Beechcraft King Air 350 (School of Air Warfare Support)
No. 33 Squadron – Airbus KC-30A MRTT (Air Refuelling/Transport)
No. 34 Squadron – Boeing 737 BBJ, Bombardier Challenger 604 (VIP Transport)
No. 35 Squadron – Alenia C-27J Spartan (Transport)
No. 36 Squadron – Boeing C-17A Globemaster III (Transport)
No. 37 Squadron – Lockheed C-130J-30 Super Hercules (Transport)
No. 75 Squadron – McDonnell Douglas F/A-18A Hornet (Multi-Role Fighter)
No. 76 Squadron – BAE Systems Hawk 127 (Lead-in Fighter Training/ADF Support)
No. 79 Squadron – BAE Systems Hawk 127 (Hawk Conversion/ADF Support)
No. 285 Squadron – Lockheed C-130H/C-130J-30 Hercules (C-130 Conversion)
No. 292 Squadron – Lockheed AP-3C Orion (AP-3C Conversion)
CFS – Pacific Aerospace CT4B, Pilatus PC9/A (Flying Instructor Training), Pilatus PC-21
ADFBFTS – Pacific Aerospace CT4B (Basic Tri-Service Flying Training)
No. 2 FTS – Pilatus PC9/A (Advanced RAAF and RAN Flying Training), Pilatus PC-21
No. 2 OCU – McDonnell Douglas F/A-18A/B Hornet (F/A-18A Conversion)
ARDU – Various Aircraft Types (Flight Testing)
Non-flying squadrons[edit]
List of non-flying squadrons
No. 1 SECFOR SQN – Airbase Force Protection
No. 1 EHS – Health Operations
No. 1 CCS – Combat Communications
No. 1 RSU – Wide Area Surveillance
No. 1 RTU – Airman Ab Initio Training
No. 3 CRU – Surveillance and Air Battle Management
No. 13 Squadron – RAAF Darwin Airbase Operations
No. 17 Squadron – RAAF Tindal Airbase Operations
No. 19 Squadron – RMAF Butterworth Airbase Operations
No. 20 Squadron – RAAF Woomera Airbase Operations
No. 21 Squadron – RAAF Williams Airbase Operations
No. 22 Squadron – RAAF Richmond Airbase Operations
No. 23 Squadron – RAAF Amberley Airbase Operations
No. 24 Squadron – RAAF Edinburgh Airbase Operations
No. 25 Squadron – RAAF Pearce Airbase Operations
No. 26 Squadron – RAAF Williamtown Airbase Operations
No. 27 Squadron – RAAF Townsville Airbase Operations
No. 28 Squadron – Administrative Support Operations
No. 30 Squadron – RAAF East Sale Airbase Operations
No. 31 Squadron – RAAF Wagga Airbase Operations
No. 65 Squadron – Airfield Engineering and Explosive Ordnance Disposal (EOD)
No. 87 Squadron – Intelligence Operations
No. 114 MCRU – Deployable Surveillance, Air Battle Management and Air Traffic Control
No. 278 Squadron – Operational Training
No. 381 SQN – Contingency Response Squadron
No. 452 Squadron – Air Traffic Control
No. 460 Squadron – Intelligence Operations
No. 462 Squadron – Information Warfare Operations
ASCENG SQN – Aircraft/Stores Compatibility Engineering Development
AMTDU – Air Movements Training and Development
ASES – Aircraft Systems Engineering Development
CSTS – Combat Survival Training
RAAF AIS – Aeronautical Information
RAAF BAND – RAAF Ceremonial Band
DEOTS – Explosive Ordnance Training
AVMED – Aviation Medicine Research and Development
JEWOSU – Electronic Warfare Operations and Development
OTS – Officer Ab Initio Training
RAAF Museum – Royal Australian Air Force Museum
RAAF SFS – Security and Fire Training
SAW – Air Combat Officer and Observer Training
RAAFSALT – Administrative and Logistics Training
RAAFSATC – Air Traffic Control Training
RAAFSPS – Officer and Airman Post Graduate Professional Training
RAAFSTT – Air Technical Training
SACTU – Air Defence Training
Woomera Test Facility – Augmented Testing Range
Wings[edit]
List of current wings
No. 41 Wing (Surveillance & Air Battle Management)
No. 42 Wing (AEW&C)
No. 44 Wing (ATC)
No. 78 Wing (Lead-in Fighter Training)
No. 81 Wing (Multi-Role Fighter)
No. 84 Wing (Airlift & VIP transport)
No. 86 Wing (Airlift & AAR)
No. 92 Wing (Maritime Patrol)
No. 95 Wing (Expeditionary Combat Support)
No. 96 Wing (Fixed Base Combat Support)
Air Mobility Control Centre – central combat airlift tasking control centre
ATW – Flying Training
DTWG – Aerospace Systems Development
CSCC – Combat Support Coordination
GTW – Ground Training
HSW – Health Operations
IWD – Information Warfare and Intelligence
RAAFCOL – Ab initio, career development, promotion and leadership training
Force Element Groups[edit]
Current force element groups
Air Combat Group – air combat capability
Air Mobility Group – air lift and aerial refuelling capability
Air Warfare Centre – information warfare, intelligence and capability development
Combat Support Group – combat support and air base operations capability
Surveillance and Response Group – surveillance and reconnaissance capability
Air Force Training Group – air force training capability and development
Headquarters[edit]
Air Force Headquarters RAAF – Air Force Executive
RAAF Air Command – Air Force Combat Forces
Roulettes[edit]
Main article: RAAF Roulettes
Roulette aircraft in formation
The Roulettes are the RAAF's formation aerobatic display team. They perform around Australia and South-east Asia, and are part of the RAAF Central Flying School (CFS) at RAAF Base East Sale, Victoria.[82] The Roulettes use the Pilatus PC-21 and formations for shows are done in a group of six aircraft. The pilots learn many formations including loops, rolls, corkscrews, and ripple roles. Most of the performances are done at the low altitude of 500 feet (150 metres).[83]
Future procurement[edit]
The first Australian F-35A takes off from Luke AFB on a test sortie in 2015
This list includes aircraft on order or a requirement which has been identified:
Up to 100 Lockheed Martin F-35A Lightning II (CTOL variant) with no fewer than 72 aircraft acquired to equip three operational squadrons. The remaining aircraft will be acquired in conjunction with the withdrawal of the F/A-18F Super Hornets after 2020 to ensure no gap in Australia's overall air combat capability occurs. On 25 November 2009, Australia committed to placing a first order for 14 aircraft at a cost of A$3.2 billion with deliveries to begin in 2014.[84][85] In May 2012, the decision to purchase 12 F-35s from the initial 14 order was deferred until 2014 as part of wider ADF procurement deferments to balance the Federal Government budget.[86] On 23 April 2014, Australia confirmed the purchase of 58 F-35A Lightning II fighters in addition to the 14 already ordered. Up to a further 28 more aircraft may be acquired.[87][88] The first two Australian F-35A Lightning II fighters were rolled out in July 2014, and began flying training flights with the USAF 61st Fighter Squadron in December 2014.[89][90]
Twelve Boeing P-8A Poseidons to replace the Lockheed AP-3C Orions.[91] A further three to be purchased and brought into service by the late 2020s, bringing the total number of aircraft to fifteen.[92]
Six MQ-4C Triton unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) to expand the surveillance of Australia's maritime approaches, with the possibility of purchasing a seventh air frame.[93] The drones will cost approximately A$6.9 billion over their entire life-time, with the fleet expected to be in service by late 2025.[94] They will be based at RAAF Base Edinburgh however will regularly conduct missions from RAAF Base Tindal.[95]
A possible further two KC-30As to support the incoming P-8A fleet, which would bring the total number of aircraft to nine.[92]
The RAAF has shown interest in acquiring armed unmanned drones. Air Marshal Geoff Brown stated that "it is certainly something we have put forward" and that the Reaper was one of the force's highest priorities. As of February 2015 six ADF personnel are currently training on the General Atomics MQ-9 Reaper in two USAF bases.[96] The RAAF is willing to spend A$300 million on the platform and is believed to be preparing to purchase eight drones and two ground stations.[97][98] In March 2017, it was reported that the acquisition program had been singled down to two UAV platforms: the MQ-9 Reaper and the IAI Heron.[99] In September 2017, IAI accused the Australian government of giving preferential treatment to General Atomics.[100] In November 2018, the Defence Minister Christoper Pyne announced that Australia would purchase between 12 and 16 MQ-9s though the variant of aircraft hasn't been decided yet.[80] In November 2019, the Australian Government announced the selection of the General Atomics Aeronautical Systems (GA-ASI) MQ-9B Sky Guardian as its preferred version of the Predator B for the RAAF's Project AIR 7003 medium-altitude long-endurance (MALE) armed remotely piloted aircraft system (RPAS) requirement.
A$4–5 billion project to replace the RAAFs 33 BAE Hawk 127 lead-in fighter trainers announced in the 2016 Defence White Paper. The project has a timeframe of 2022 to 2033.[101]
Four new MC-55A Peregrine SIGINT and ELINT intelligence gathering aircraft, based on the Gulfstream G550, in a A$2.5 billion procurement.[102][103]
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Beaumont, Joan (2001). Australian Defence: Sources and Statistics. The Australian Centenary History of Defence. Volume VI. Melbourne: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-554118-9.
Coulthard-Clark, Chris (1995). The RAAF in Vietnam. Australian Air Involvement in the Vietnam War 1962–1975. The Official History of Australia's Involvement in Southeast Asian Conflicts 1948–1975. Volume Four. Sydney: Allen and Unwin in association with the Australian War Memorial. ISBN 1-86373-305-1.
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Eather, Steve (1996). Odd Jobs: RAAF Operations in Japan, the Berlin Airlift, Korea, Malaya and Malta, 1946–1960. RAAF Williams, Victoria: RAAF Museum. ISBN 0-642-23482-5.
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Target Towing and Special Duties Flight RAAF
RAAF Washington Flying Unit
List of Royal Australian Air Force groups, List of Royal Australian Air Force wings, List of Royal Australian Air Force aircraft squadrons, List of Royal Australian Air Force independent aircraft flights


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Open Spatial Announces the Release of Munsys Ai 10.6
October 1, 2013 - in Corporate, Facility Management
Open Spatial today announced the release of Munsys Ai 10.6. The Open Spatial solutions include a central database with pre-defined Oracle Spatial data models and integrated applications for the management of water, sewer, drainage, cadastral, roads and electricity…
STAR-APIC Wins 3D Smart City Contract in Morocco
August 5, 2013 - in Corporate, Smart Cities
1Spatial, the Spatial Big Data Company which manages some of the world's largest spatial data, is pleased to announce STAR-APIC has been selected to deliver its Elyx 3D Smart City solution to manage the water, sewage and electricity networks for the municipalities…
Water-Smart Power: Why Our Power Plant Choices Matter in a Warming, Water-Constrained World
July 31, 2013 - in Energy, Projects
In a future of growing climate change impacts and water strains, the water implications of our electricity choices are way worth paying attention to. A new report from the UCS-organized Energy and Water in a Warming World initiative (EW3) tells it like it…
Los Angeles Maps Electricity Use at the Block Level
March 31, 2013 - in Electric Grid, Energy
The University of California at Los Angeles today published a map that brings some clarity to how the city uses electricity, block by block. For consumers, the interactive map shows how each block compares to others and consumption patterns by season. But…
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Design/Engineering, Modeling, Products, Stormwater
CoreLogic Expands Natural Catastrophe Risk Management Solution with Addition of Probabilistic Flood Model
IRVINE, Calif., Sept. 14, 2015—CoreLogic, a leading residential property information, analytics…
Products, Stormwater
Contech Engineered Solutions Releases a New Stormwater Design Tool
Contech Engineered Solutions launched a new on-line program for designing stormwater detention and…
Buildings, Energy, Facility Management, Renewal/Retrofit
IBM's Smarter Buildings Initiative Takes Aim at Retrofits
IBM's "building whisperer," Dave Bartlett, believes many of our buildings could use a diet. Bartlett,…
Corporate, Water
EPA Releases Technical Guides to Support Vapor Intrusion Assessment and Mitigation Activities
WASHINGTON, June 11, 2015—The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) released two technical…

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Erase bad credit instantly — that's the sense of urgency many people have when their housing situation changes, they need to borrow money for an emergency, or even when informed that a prospective employer might do a credit check.
Should You Take Out a Loan To Consolidate Your Debts?
Inflation means that your money loses money over time. It also means that you need to aggressively seek out the best yields, while being aware of the psychological impact inflation has on your decision making. A brief discussion of the impact of inflation on bonds and the importance of taxes is also included.


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Q: Transfer transparency from one image to another using imagemagick I am trying to take the alpha channel from one image and apply it to another.
In this particular case I want to "fix" the corners on the pink one. I want to use the alpha channel from the black one. This should smooth out the corners nicely.

I have tried commands like convert pink.png black.png -compose copy-opacity -composite out.png but it only seems to come out with the same transparency it already had.
Can anyone please explain how to do this?

A: Direct Answer
To make it so that pink.png has the same alpha channel as black.png use:
convert pink.png black.png -compose CopyOpacity -composite PNG32:fixed.png

Explanation
The fundamental problem was that Imagemagick was not choosing a PNG format that supports semi-transparent pixels. This is why my edges became jagged when I was changing the colour in the first place. You have various options to maintain the partial transparency:
convert (command) PNG32:out.png
convert (command) PNG64:out.png
convert (command) out.tif

Refer to Imagemagick's documentation on PNG sub-formats to find out what type of alpha channel each has.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


We are pleased to introduce Virtual Lending, which will enable you to submit a loan application via the Internet. Simply follow the instructions below, proceed to the loan application forms and select the type of loan you wish to apply for.You will be contacted by your credit union loan officer after your application has been received and processed.
If you are a member of the credit union, please enter your Member Number and AcuSTAR PIN and click the submit button. Click here if you are not a member of the credit union or if you are a member and do not have your PIN number.


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Bremen as
an investment location
Aeronautics and space industries
Automotive industries
Digital / Industry 4.0
Maritime industry and logistics
Funding and
Business parks and industrial estates
Commercial property / real estate
Property market report
Technology and start-up centres
ECOMAT research and technology centre
for Bremen
Bremen at trade fairs
Marketing projects
Funding for events
About Bremeninvest
Directions and contact
Bremen Stories
Bremen as an investment location
Wind power and wind energy - a major pillar in the future economic health of Bremen
We champion the cause of wind energy in Bremen and its practitioners and pioneers.
Bremen plays a key role in wind energy. Wind turbines and wind parks have been designed and built in Bremen since 1990. Wind energy is a thriving sector in the Bremen region and holds a great deal of potential for the future. Many of the industry's pioneering companies have based themselves here and form a strong network that covers all aspects of the value chain.
Today more than 120 companies and institutes employ more than 4,000 people across the industry, with approx. half of them working in offshore wind energy in Bremen and Bremerhaven. They are all part of a strong network that is ideal for facilitating a range of onshore and offshore wind energy projects.
In Germany, electricity generated by wind energy already accounts for 18 per cent of all power consumed in the public network, and plans are in place to increase this proportion further still.
Wind energy has a key role to play in the switch to renewable energy sources, and nowhere does the wind blow stronger than out on the high seas.
Thanks to its coastal location, Bremerhaven set itself on the course to offshore power generation more than ten years ago. Today the city is a internationally recognized competence centre for the offshore wind energy sector in Germany. Its maritime strength, expertise in logistics, and an integrated plan have together built a solid foundation for Bremerhaven as the port for offshore wind energy.
A unique network in Bremen
Research, development, production, service and maintenance – companies and institutes in Bremen and Bremerhaven cover all aspects of the wind energy industry:
Fraunhofer Institute for Wind Energy and Energy System Technology
ForWind – Centre for Wind Energy Research
Dynamic Nacelle Testing Laboratory (DyNaLab) for the testing of complete wind turbine nacelles
Rotor blade centre: test stand for rotor blades measuring up to 90 metres
Wind turbine research facility at the University of Bremen
Laboratory for the measurement of large gear systems at the University of Bremen
See our events calendar to find out about events and trade fairs on the subject of wind energy.
The WAB Wind Energy Agency in Bremerhaven facilitates collaboration and the exchange of knowledge among its 300 or so members. It is the leading network for wind energy companies in the north-west of Germany and a point of contact for Germany's offshore wind energy industry.
Dieter Voß
Ministry of Economic Affairs, Labour and Ports
P +49 (0) 421 361-32175
!ed.nemerb.haw[AT]ssov.reteid
www.wirtschaft.bremen.de
WAB - the Network for Wind Energy
go to network
Industries / Sectors
Bremen: The wind power state
pdf | 3 MB |
Tradition meets innovation
The state of Bremen covers 420 square kilometres and is home to around 670,000 people. Almost 22,000 companies provide more than 325,000 jobs. Below, we introduce some of the strong sectors that that make Bremen such an excellent business location.
How Bremerhaven aims to become a hydrogen pioneer
Will we all be driving hydrogen-powered cars in the future? The course for the future of this resource is currently being set in Bremerhaven.
A breath of wind at 360 kilometres an hour: a unique wind tunnel helps to optimise rotor blades for wind turbines
The whispering of strong winds: The Bremerhaven-based company Deutsche WindGuard GmbH is using a large wind tunnel to research the optimal shape and surface of wind turbine blades. It works for all well-known manufacturers in the industry.
A robot drone for the wind energy sector
Bremen-based researchers are developing a drone that can autonomously inspect wind turbines. Its USP is its ability to get 'hands on'.
The mobile workshop for wind farms
A Bremen-based company has launched the first independent service centre for offshore wind farms. It aims to facilitate servicing procedures for manufacturers and reduce maintenance costs for operators. Workers travel out into the North Sea from the home port in Emden, East Frisia.
Wind energy in Bremen at a glance
Bremen is a key hub for onshore and offshore wind energy. Here we highlight what the region has to offer – from skilled workers and facilities to sites and infrastructure.
Here's something blowing
Wind farm optimisation 'made in Bremen'
The BARD Offshore 1 wind farm is a real pioneer. It has continually increased its output, and in 2017 it produced the most energy of all German offshore wind farms – 1.5 TWh – thanks in no small part to two Bremen-based companies.
Off to the North Sea!
When wind turbines retire
Rotor blades withstand both wind and weather for decades. But it does create a problem when it comes to their disposal, as they don't decay and are nearly impossible to incinerate. Bremen's neocomp GmbH has developed a process – unique in Germany – which allows plastics that are reinforced with glass fibres to be recycled in an environmentally friendly way.
Irina Lucke, pioneer of offshore wind power: "Facing highs and lows together"
Irina Lucke has been at the helm of WAB since December 2016. We talked about her role in the german-wide trade association and the challenges that an ever-changing business and regulatory environment poses for the international wind energy industry.
Investing in Bremen
Marketing for Bremen


A thoroughly interesting place to see in Cornwall, you're in the heart of mining country here with a seven-mile trail through some of the world's best preserved mining landscape.
The Great Flat Lode circles around Carn Brea, where evidence of Neolithic settlements has been found, and is accessible to walkers, cyclists and horse riders as part of Cornwall's Mineral Tramway Trails.
A "lode" is a mineral vein and the two-mile long tin lode discovered here in 1870 is at a less acute angle than the normal 70-80 degrees, hence Great Flat Lode… although don't let that deceive you as you head along the trail! The discovery of the tin revived the fortunes of a declining copper mine. Along the way you'll see plenty of evidence of Cornwall's tin mining past in well preserved engine houses - including the works at South Wheal Frances and the famous South Crofty, Cornwall's last tin mine.
The Great Flat Lode circuits Carn Brea – between Redruth and Camborne. There is free parking at King Edward Mine Museum, Troon, Camborne Cornwall, TR14 9DP.
Carn Brea was once an ancient fortified hill settlement in Neolithic and then Iron Age times. At the top you'll find a monument and a castle, plus spectacular panoramic views, including South Crofty.
There are fascinating examples of Cornwall's illustrious tin mining past everywhere you look. Stop off at the King Edward Mine Museum to learn more.


↑ Campbell, G.S., and J.M. Norman (১৯৯০), The description and measurement of plant canopy structure. পৃষ্ঠা ১-১৯ In: Russell, G., B. Marshall, and P.G. Jarvis (সম্পাদক). Plant Canopies: Their Growth, Form and Function. Cambridge University Press.
↑ Parker, G.G. (১৯৯৫), Structure and microclimate of forest canopies. পৃষ্ঠা ৭৩-১০৬, In: Lowman, M.D. and N.M. Nadkarni (সম্পাদক). Forest Canopies. Academic Press, San Diego, CA.


I want to attend the kpop dance classes. Where do I book? / What should I do?
All classes must be booked online in advance. Go to the class schedule page then click on any of the BOOK NOW buttons. We do not take cash payment on the day.
Is there a mailing list? / I want to receive the class schedule updates?
You can sign up to our mailing list here to receive new k-pop class schedules, vote for next k-pop dance songs and hear about other DGC events.
It does vary per class. Currently it's £7 for one hour, £8.75 for a 1h 15m session and £10.50 for a 1h 30m session.
I'm a complete beginner with no dance experience / I've never danced before. Can I take part in classes?
Yes, complete beginners are welcome. 95% of new students have never danced before. Read our handy beginner's guide to DGC classes: click here!
Are there age requirements to attend classes?
Minimum age is 16 to take part in class. Please note: some venues (e.g. Soho Gyms and Gymbox) require you to be at least 18 years old.
I'm under 16. Can I attend if I have parental consent or my parent is present? / if I'm almost 16? / if I'm 15? / if I'm 14?
Where are your dance classes?
Sometimes we hold pop-up workshops at other locations but all the details will be on our class schedule.
Do I need a gym membership to attend classes?
No, there is no entrance fee at the gym venues even though you are not a member there. However you do need to sign in as a guest at the gym reception.
What is your booking terms & conditions? / What is your cancellation policy?
View our booking terms and conditions page here for full details.
How do I manage my booking? / How do I transfer my booking?
View our How to Manage Your Booking page here for full details.
How do I use Class Credits to pay for a new booking?
I'm female. Can I attend the male songs kpop dance classes? / I'm male. Can I attend the female songs kpop dance classes?
Yes you can. All our classes are open to both male and female students.
Wear any thing comfortable to dance in, e.g. gym clothes and trainers / sneakers. Make sure your shoes do not leave marks on the studio floor. There are changing rooms at the venues if you need to change before or after class. You can leave your belongings inside the dance studio at the sides.
It does vary depending on the song and the day of the week. On average, it's about 21 per class (January 2017).
I really want to go to Friday's class but it's fully booked! Can I squeeze in and pay on the door?
Unfortunately, we are not able to add any additional students in to fully booked classes and will turn away anyone who has not pre-booked. We must keep our class within this capacity to ensure that students have enough room to dance in the studio as well as to ensure the Health & Safety of our teachers and students within the venue.
What's the format of the classes?
We usually start with a warm-up: stretches and a mix of warm-up dance moves.
Then we teach you choreography – the actual kpop dance moves from the music video.
Do I need to attend all sessions in one week?
Can I start a song midway? / I've missed the first class – can I still join?
You can join the classes any time however we do recommend you join within the first 2 weeks (Part 1 or Part 2). Most of the sessions are drop-in classes; a specific section of the song is taught and previous class knowledge is not required (unless it's a recap class).
What are recap classes? If I didn't attend Part 1 – Part 4, can I learn from the recap only?
The "Recap" classes are aimed at those who've attended Part 1 – 4 classes and already know the choreography. These classes are more about having the chance to dance the whole song all the way through multiple times. We'll step through the choreo at a fast pace but we won't be re-teaching the song from scratch.
I would like to perform with at the next dance showcase / I want to audition for a song. What should I do?
For a particular song, you'll need to attend our classes for that song. Then you'll get an email after the whole song is taught asking whether you wish to audition to perform in the next show. You can read more about dance shows here. Please note – we don't accept applications to audition if you didn't attend class but you learnt the dance on your own.


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Auburn	35 articles
July 28, 2016 Kurt Niland Personal Injury
Auburn Auto Parts Maker Fined For Exposing Workers To Crushing, Amputation Hazards
An Auburn, Ala., auto parts manufacturer faces $106,000 in penalties for a number of federal safety violations that put its workers at risk of amputation, struck-by injuries, and getting caught in machinery. Violations at the Pyongsan America Inc. facility in Auburn may also land the manufacturer in the Occupational Safety and Health Administration's (OSHA) Severe Violator Program, which would put it under greater regulatory scrutiny. OSHA devotes more of its time and resources to monitoring companies categorized as severe violators than it does with most other companies. According to OSHA, its January inspection of the Pyongsan facility, which makes heating, ventilation, ... Read More
October 16, 2015 Temp Temple Personal Injury
Whistleblower lawsuit filed by former Auburn University employee
A wrongful termination lawsuit was filed this week by a former Auburn University employee claiming the school violated Alabama's Whistleblower Act by denying his rights to free speech and due process when he expressed concern over football ticket practices. According to AL.com, W. Matthew Davis' lawsuit claims he worked for the Auburn athletic department's fundraising arm, Tigers Unlimited, when he learned that "between 3,500 and 3,800" seats in the Tigers Unlimited donor area were being sold at face value, not through Tigers Unlimited. Fans pay a "donation," typically ranging from about $140 to $3,000, to reserve priority seating, although it was claimed ... Read More
July 28, 2015 Temp Temple Recalls
Kroger recalls seasonings for possible salmonella contamination
Popular supermarket chain Kroger has announced a sizable recall of four Kroger-brand seasonings sold in its stores. The Kroger recall was sparked by the FDA's discovery of Salmonella in a sample of the Kroger-brand Garlic Powder sold by a South Carolina store. According to the supermarket's press release, the following Kroger-brand seasonings were produced in the same facility with the same equipment as the Salmonella-tainted Garlic Powder and are now under recall: Kroger Bac'n Buds: 12 oz containers (Sell by: May 20 18PS4) Kroger Coarse Ground Black Pepper: 17.1 oz containers (Sell by: May 18 18PS4, Sell by: May 19 ... Read More
Feds order trucking company to stop retaliating against sick and tired drivers
Federal safety regulators have ordered an Auburn, Wash., based trucking company to stop retaliating against its truck drivers who refuse to drive because of illness or fatigue. It was the second time the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) ordered Oak Harbor Freight Lines to stop retaliating against drivers who invoked federal safety rules. The order came after a veteran 25-year commercial truck driver complained to OSHA that he had been suspended without pay at the company's Portland, Ore., terminal because he was too sick to drive. The driver alleged Oak Harbor violated the safe operating rules set forth in the Surface Transportation Act ... Read More
April 3, 2015 Temp Temple Consumer Fraud
Auburn University data breach exposed current, former and prospective student info
A "data security incident" has been confirmed by Auburn University, exposing the personal information of current, former and even prospective students. The data breach was discovered on March 2 after the University learned its servers were made accessible online by accident. According to a statement by Auburn's Office of Communications and Marketing (OCM), the information compromised in the Auburn University data breach was a mixture of names, addresses, birth dates, email addresses, academic information and even Social Security numbers. Auburn University's investigation also discovered the information had been accessible from Sept. 1, 2014 until March 2, 2015. No information linked to ... Read More
February 9, 2015 Temp Temple Personal Injury
OSHA cites auto parts supplier for multiple safety violations including electrocution risk
The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) levied approximately $158,020 in fines against Auburn, Ala., auto parts manufacturer SCA Inc., as well as its employee recruitment company Liberty Staffing, citing an extremely high number of dangerous safety violations to which employees have been exposed. OSHA says workers are at risk from on-the-job falls, amputations and electrocution. SCA, which supplies parts including blowers, heaters and evaporators for Hyundai, Kia and Ford, and Liberty Staffing received a total of 21 citations from OSHA. SCA has been issued fines by OSHA several times since 2008, while Liberty Staffing has not been cited previously for exposing workers to the company's many ... Read More
December 14, 2014 Kurt Niland Environmental
Auburn University study finds the BP oil spill may plague state for years to come
Oil and tar from BP's Deepwater Horizon oil spill is still trapped in the sand along Alabama's Gulf beaches four and a half years later, a new study by Auburn University researchers has found. The study may not come as a surprise to the residents of coastal Alabama who frequent the beaches, but it does demonstrate that the oil from the BP disaster is not as quick to degrade as some scientists expected. It's also another sign that Gulf Coast hasn't returned to normal the way BP's television ads have suggested. Many beachgoers might be surprised to find much of ... Read More
August 1, 2014 Kurt Niland Environmental
Flesh-eating bacteria in Gulf linked to BP oil spill
Cases of beach-goers contracting the flesh-eating bacteria Vibrio vulnificus continue to occur in the warm water of the Gulf Coast this year, and one Auburn University professor has uncovered a link between the potentially deadly bacteria and tar balls still present in the water after BP's 2010 Deepwater Horizon oil spill. Dr. Cova Arias, professor of aquatic microbiology at Auburn University, who has studied the impact of Vibrio on the Gulf's oyster industry, set out to find if the bacteria could live in the tar still found in the water and along the beaches of the Gulf Coast. According to ... Read More
June 5, 2014 Kurt Niland Consumer Fraud
U.S. indicts Auburn cardiologist on 10 counts of health care fraud
The U.S. government indicted an Auburn cardiologist May 21, accusing him of implanting patients with heart stents they didn't need so that he could bill federal and private insurance programs for his own financial gain. According to the indictment, Dr. Robert W. Mitchell allegedly performed unnecessary heart catheterizations from at least January 2006 to February 2012, falsely documenting the extent of coronary blockages in his patients and their need for the stent procedures. The federal government alleges that Dr. Mitchell then submitted false claims to Medicare, Medicaid, and private insurance companies for reimbursement, a practice that increased the profit margin ... Read More
March 26, 2014 Temp Temple Consumer Fraud
Auburn University reports a data breach; about 14,000 students and staff affected
Nearly 14,000 students and staff are now the victims of yet another data breach, this time occurring at Auburn University. The compromised files could have been accessed through the College of Business server between Oct. 21 and Nov. 21, a statement from Auburn University indicated. The FBI and an outside forensics team are currently examining the situation to see who and what were affected. Auburn will begin notifying those believed to be affected by the data breach by mail. Free credit protection monitoring will also be provided through Experian ProtectMyID to those being notified. Bill Hardgrave, the Dean of the ... Read More


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Published: December 1, 2019, 4:53 pm
Tags: Miami Dolphins, Dolphins, Dolphins Football, NFL, Local, Miami
Zach Thomas among semifinalists for Pro Football Hall of Fame
Flores thankful for opportunity with Dolphins ahead of Thanksgiving
Dolphins WR Jakeem Grant to go on injured reserve
Parker's big day helps Dolphins ground Eagles 37-31
Miami improved to 3-9 on the season
DeVante Parker #11 of the Miami Dolphins makes a catch against the Philadelphia Eagles during the second quarter at Hard Rock Stadium on December 01, 2019 in Miami, Florida. (Michael Reaves/Getty Images)
MIAMI GARDENS, Fla. – DeVante Parker made two acrobatic touchdown receptions and kicker Jason Sanders also had a circus-like scoring catch to help the Miami Dolphins rally past the slumping Philadelphia Eagles 37-31 Sunday.
Miami overcame a 14-point deficit in the second half with three touchdowns in less than 13 minutes -- a remarkable achievement for one of the NFL's lowest-scoring teams.
The Dolphins (3-9) won for the third time in their past five games, a surprising and perhaps costly turnaround for a team that will be shopping for a franchise quarterback in the 2020 draft.
The Eagles (5-7) lost their third game in a row and missed a chance to pull into a tie with Dallas atop the NFC East.
Trickery helped the Dolphins, who twice opted not to kick on fourth down and instead threw for a touchdown. The second such gamble by rookie coach Brian Flores paid off when Miami shifted out of field goal formation before holder Matt Haack threw a 1-yard pass to Sanders.
Parker did much of the rest. He finished with seven receptions for a career-high 159 yards and two scores, both on leaping grabs.
Parker jumped again to make a 34-yard catch that set up the score that put the Dolphins ahead to stay with 11 minutes left.
Tight end Mike Gesicki also got into the act with a leaping 14-yard touchdown catch. Ryan Fitzpatrick's surehanded targets helped him finish 27 for 39 for 365 yards and three touchdowns as Miami achieved season highs in points and yards (408).
Sanders returned to his usual role to kick a 51-yard field goal with 3:37 left that made the score 37-28. The Eagles kicked a field goal with 1:51 left and got the ball back, but Carson Wentz's desperation pass from midfield on the final play was intercepted in the end zone.
Wentz threw for three touchdowns to help build a 28-14 lead, but the Eagles were kept out of the end zone over the final 26 minutes. That quieted the thousands of green-clad spectators rooting for the visitors, who likely outnumbered Dolphins fans.
GAMBLES PAY OFF
Philadelphia was expecting a field goal try when Haack stood and instead took a shotgun snap, with four teammates flanked far to the left and five far to the right.
Haack ran to his left before flipping a fluttery pass to Sanders, who was part of the group on the left before slipping into the end zone uncovered.
Flores opted not to punt on fourth and 4 in the first quarter, and instead Parker scored on an eye-popping 43-yard catch and run.
Dolphins running back Kalen Ballage left in the second quarter with a left leg injury and didn't return.
Linebacker Nigel Bradham was evaluated for a head injury and cleared to return.
The Eagles host to the Giants on Monday, Nov. 9. The Eagles have won five in a row in the series and face the Giants again in the final game of the regular season.
The Dolphins play next Sunday at the Jets. Miami beat New York 26-18 in Week 9.
Copyright 2019 by Associated Press - All rights reserved.


The movie parts from the premise that Ludovic was born that way. He was raised no different than his siblings, but he was certainly different. They don't bother to go into any deep, bullshitted explanation of why he was born that way. The director simply states, Ludovic is this way, that's who he is. Unfortunately, for the rest of the neighborhood this isn't acceptable behavior. Ludovic's family tries their hardest to be comfortable with accepting their little boy as he was — everyone except his grandma. She's enjoying the heck out of her quasi-grandaughter. The neighbors though… they think he's either crazy or possessed.
The director also goes into the critical difference between being transgender and being a homosexual. Most people tend to shove everything non-heterosexual into one massive category they eloquently call "gay," but with Ma Vie en Rose there's a clear example of a transgender male. Here's a boy who identifies with everything that is socially accepted for his opposite gender, not necessarily a boy who likes boys.
In the end, Ludovic is convinced of who he is. He can't understand why anybody else thinks it's wrong that he wears dresses and wants to marry the neighbor's son. This movie pushes us to think further beyond simple human behavior, it makes us break the restricting boundaries of standard psychological analysis; as we see when Ludovic is taken to a "specialist". Ma Vie en Rose challenges its audience to accept that we're not all born one and the same. Humans come in different colors, flavors and mind sets. Thus, certain social constructs are mere impediments, guised as moral teachings, towards a more unified, tolerant and understanding world.


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Mnuchin says administration will consider new round of tax cuts in 2020
Treasury Secretary Steven Mnuchin said Monday that the Trump administration would consider proposing a package of tax cuts in 2020, trumpeting the strength of the U.S. economy despite the ominous financial indicators of recent weeks.
"I think there's no question the U.S. economy is in very good shape. As we look around the world, there's no question that China is slowing, Europe is slowing — the U.S. is the bright spot of the world," Mnuchin told reporters.
"And regards to a middle class tax cut, you know, we'll be looking at tax cuts 2.0, something that will be something we'll consider next year," he continued. "But right now, the economy is in very, very good shape."
President Donald Trump first teased the prospect of "a major tax cut for middle-income people" ahead of the 2018 midterm elections, following up on the $1.5 trillion Republican tax bill he signed into law in December 2017. While the proposal was a major talking point of the president's in the run-up to the midterm elections, Trump has seldom discussed it since.
Amid economic warning signs and fears of a forthcoming recession last month, National Economic Council Director Larry Kudlow asserted the administration was again reviewing a series of middle-class tax reductions.
"We are looking at it. Tax cuts 2.0. We are looking at all that," Trump's chief economic adviser told "Fox News Sunday."
But Trump has vacillated on various measures meant to shore up the economy heading into an election year, at first confirming he had "been thinking about" slashing payroll taxes before reversing his position the next day, insisting: "I'm not looking at a tax cut now."


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Home | Blog | Mass Incarceration | Prison & Jail Conditions | Are Alabama Sheriffs Violating Federal Law? It's Time to Investigate.
Are Alabama Sheriffs Violating Federal Law? It's Time to Investigate.
Today, in a letter sent to the United States Attorneys for the Northern, Middle, and Southern Districts of Alabama, the Southern Center for Human Rights, Alabama Appleseed Center for Law and Justice, the American Conservative Union, FreedomWorks, and the Adelante Alabama Workers Center urged an investigation into Alabama sheriffs with federal detention contracts who have personally pocketed substantial amounts of taxpayer money from jail food accounts. There is reason to believe that it is these sheriffs' federal contracts that have allowed them to reap especially rich rewards from jail food accounts — and that much of the money they have taken comes from the federal government, in likely violation of federal law.
Across the state of Alabama, many sheriffs contend that an archaic state law allows them to keep funds allocated to feed people housed in their jails for their own personal profit, and some sheriffs have relied on this interpretation to justify the transfer of hundreds of thousands of dollars into their personal bank accounts.(Etowah County Sheriff Todd Entrekin infamously purchased a $750,000 beach house with these funds.) Sheriffs claim that the law authorizes them to retain "leftover" food money for themselves, abusing public trust and creating a perverse incentive to spend as little money as possible on feeding the prisoners in their care.
These sheriffs' interpretation of Alabama law has been squarely rejected in an Attorney General opinion and by the current Governor of Alabama, Kay Ivey. "Public funds should be used for public purposes," Governor Ivey said in a statement in July, urging lawmakers to address the issue in the next legislative session."It's that simple."
In addition to personally pocketing state tax dollars, because a number of these sheriffs also house federal detainees (who are either defendants in federal criminal cases or immigrants facing deportation), there is reason to believe that some sheriffs have pocketed federal tax dollars for personal use.
There is a stark difference in the per capita reimbursement rate for feeding a state prisoner versus a federal prisoner. In Monroe County, Alabama, for example, the per capita reimbursement rate for feeding state prisoners is $1.80 per day. For federal prisoners, it is over five times higher: $10 per day. In 2016, the Monroe County Sheriff's Office received a total of $26,710.80 in food funds from the State of Alabama, $5,505.00 in food funds from municipal contracts, and $108,620.00 in food funds from the federal detention contract. On December 30, 2016, the sheriff "declared excess and paid to" himself $44,402.77 – over $12,000 more than the total amount he had received from state and municipal sources, combined.
The misappropriation of funds by sheriffs with federal detention contracts may violate federal contracting law and criminal law. In particular, they likely constitute crimes under 18 U.S.C. § 666, which penalizes an agent of a state or local government or agency receiving more than $10,000 per year from a federal contract who "embezzles, steals, obtains by fraud, or otherwise without authority knowingly converts to the use of any person other than the rightful owner or intentionally misapplies" property of the state or local government or agency valued at $5,000 or more. These sheriffs' actions also likely violate federal contracting law, such as the provision in the Intergovernmental Service Agreement with Etowah County which prohibits officials or employees of the recipient county from "participat[ing] personally" in performance of a contract in which he or she "has a financial interest," and from "[u]sing his or her official position for private gain."
"The law is clear, and Governor Ivey has been clear: jail food funds are public funds, and should be used only to feed incarcerated people," said Aaron Littman, staff attorney at the Southern Center for Human Rights. "Because these sheriffs have refused to disclose to the public how much taxpayer money they have taken, further investigation is urgently required to determine whether they are violating federal law."
When limited food funds are misappropriated by sheriffs, the Treasury isn't the only victim: the health and safety of the people incarcerated in these jails is jeopardized. Recent media coverage of the food served at the Etowah County Detention Center included reports that inmates are frequently served meat packaged in wrapping that says "Not Fit For Human Consumption," and donated chicken that is rotten and riddled with "tumors and abscesses and deformities."
"It appears that some sheriffs have placed personal profit above their sworn duty to ensure the basic human needs of those in their care," said Frank Knaack, executive director of Alabama Appleseed. "We are deeply concerned that those charged with enforcing our laws are instead breaking them. No one is above the law – this includes Alabama's sheriffs."
Sheriffs who pocket money paid by the federal government for feeding prisoners have abused the trust of the taxpayers — both in the state of Alabama and across America — out of whose paychecks these dollars came. Their actions also offend the conscience of all who believe that prisoners are to be safeguarded, not exploited for profit. An investigation into these sheriffs' actions is urgently required.
Read the letter here.