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The Dispute Resolution Review - Edition 10
Fahad Bin Qader
Counsels Law Partners
I INTRODUCTION
As of March 2016, there are over 85,000 pending civil cases in the High Court of Bangladesh according to the Law Minister of Bangladesh,2 Mr Anisul Haque. One of the steps that the Bangladeshi government is currently taking to manage the overwhelming amount of pending cases is to divert more time and resources to alternative dispute resolution (ADR) instead of going through the traditional court process, which takes longer.
In Bangladesh there are two main ways to resolve a dispute without seeking the assistance of the court, one being mediation and the other being through arbitration. It must be stated that mediation in Bangladesh is unregularised except for certain laws that provide room for mediation. On the other hand, the concept of arbitration was introduced to legal system of Bangladesh from the beginning of the country's existence.
The first Act which has tried to tackle the issue was enacted in 1940 by the name of the Arbitration Act 1940,3 well before Bangladesh came into existence as an independent country. Hence the idea of an alternate means of handling court cases is not something new for Bangladesh, however, the implementation, practice and popularity of the Act has taken time. Though the 1940 Act was eventually repealed by the enactment of Arbitration Act 2001.4 The 2001 Act was heavily influenced by the UNCITRAL Model Law.5 The 2001 Act was mainly enacted to tackle some of the issues that were observed in its predecessor. The main issue with the 1940 Act was that it was extremely difficult to enforce foreign arbitration awards in Bangladesh. It was a result of the fact that the 1940 Act did not specifically have any provisions that dealt with foreign arbitral awards.
The Arbitration Act 2001 currently is the operative law that dictates the whole aspect of ADAR in Bangladesh, and the courts of Bangladesh are providing a steady flow of case law to sufficiently interpret and enforce the 2001 Act. The 2001 Act, though not perfect, attempts to resolve the issues observed in its predecessor.
ii Arbitration
i Form of arbitration clauses and their application
As per Section 9(1) of the Arbitration Act 2001 'An Arbitration agreement may be in the form of an arbitration clause in contract or in the form of a separate agreement,' so like many other country's arbitration law, Bangladesh also recognise an arbitration clause in an agreement. The other requirement for an arbitration clause to be valid is that it must be in writing if it is contained in any of the following forms as per Section 9(2) of the Arbitration Act 2001:
a a document signed by the parties;
b an exchange of letters, telex, telegrams, fax, e-mail or other means of telecommunication which provide a record of the agreement; or
c an exchange of statement of claim and defence in which the existence of the agreement is alleged by one party and not denied by the other.
It seemed that the Arbitration Act 2001 covered all the aspects regarding an arbitration clause, however, a question was raised regarding the legality of a separate arbitration agreement. This was seen as a problem as the Arbitration Act 2001 did not mention anything regarding a separate arbitration clause, however, this issue was resolved by the High Court Division of Bangladesh in the case of Lita Sama Samad Chowdhury v. Mohammad Hossain Bhuiyan.6 In this case the High Court stated that 'An arbitration agreement which forms part of another agreement shall be deemed to constitute a separate agreement which giving decision for the purpose of determining the jurisdiction of the arbitral tribune.' The High Court went so far as to criticise the decision of the joint district judge by stating 'The learned Joint District Judge committed illegality by not acting in accordance with law by not staying the proceeding of Money Suit.' The High Court division directed both the parties to take steps at first to refer the matter for arbitration as per the clause of the agreement to resolve the dispute. Hence, it was made clear that the arbitration clause would be considered as a separate agreement and it can also be used to determine the jurisdiction of the arbitral tribune. Therefore, the courts of Bangladesh have already accepted the status of an arbitration clause as a valid and very much as an enforceable term of a contract.
Two important aspects of the Arbitration Act 2001 that are of vital importance when an arbitration clause is present in the agreement are when is the correct time to apply for the matter to be referred for arbitration and the court's duty regarding the claim that was filed.
ii When to invoke the arbitration clause
As per Section 10 of the Arbitration Act 2001, an arbitration clause may be invoked at any time before filing a written statement (defence statement or response to particulars of claim) and the application to do so must be made to court where the claim is pending. After receiving the application, the court must as per Section 10(2) of the Arbitration Act 2001 '... if it is satisfied that an arbitration agreement exists, refer the parties to arbitration and stay the proceedings, unless the Court finds that the arbitration agreement is void, inoperative or is incapable of determination by arbitration.' Hence, the correct time to refer a matter to arbitration is after a claim has been filed at court and before the respondent or defendant has filed the defence.
Moreover, another way of invoking the arbitration clause is laid down in Section 27 of the Arbitration Act 2001, which states that the proceeding will be deemed to commence if any dispute arises where the concerned arbitration agreement applies and any party to the agreement has received a notice stating that the party wishes to refer a dispute to arbitration or a party has received from another party to the agreement a notice requiring that party to appoint an arbitral tribunal or to join or concur in, or approve the appointment of, an arbitral tribunal in relation to the dispute.
iii The court's duty when an arbitration clause has been invoked
The court's duty when an arbitration clause is invoked was clarified by the High Court Division in the case of International Sea Foods Limited v. BD Corporation7 where the Court stated 'A plaint will not be rejected under Order VII, rule 11 of the Code [the Code of Civil Procedure 19088] because of the presence of an arbitration clause.' The Proper recourse is to stay the proceedings under Section 10(2) of the Act, till the conclusion of arbitration proceedings. By the passing of this judgment the Court made two things abundantly clear. If a claim has been filed with regards to a dispute regarding an agreement where an arbitration clause has been mentioned then the correct time to refer the matter to arbitration is before submitting the defence statement, and the court must stay the proceeding and refer the matter for arbitration.
iv Jurisdiction
As per Section 7 of the Arbitration Act 2001 'where any of the parties to the arbitration agreement files a legal proceedings in a Court against the other party, no judicial authority shall hear any legal proceedings except in so far as provided by this Act'. Moreover, as per Section 2(b) of the Arbitration Act 2001 a court means 'District Judge's Court and includes Additional Judge's Court appointed by the Government for the discharging the functions of District Judge's Courts under this Act through Gazette notification'. Though, originally the jurisdiction was given to the courts of Bangladesh but as per ECOM Agro Corp. Lts. & Anr v. Mosharaf Composite Textile Mills Ltd9 if the arbitration procedure has already started in a different institute of Bangladesh then the courts of Bangladesh would not have any jurisdiction to accept and try a civil case in the courts of Bangladesh. In this case it was held that 'The defendant has already commenced a proceeding against the plaintiff before the Tribunal if the MCCI10 under the arbitration clause of the contract, which is not defined by the plaintiff. If it is so, under Section 7 of the Act, the subordinate Judge would have no jurisdiction to proceed further with the suit.' Therefore, if the arbitration process was initiated at tribunal then the courts of Bangladesh would not have any jurisdiction to try the case. This aspect of the law is crucial as it sets out a clear guideline as to the jurisdiction of the courts with regards to arbitration procedure and matters that must be left to the arbitration tribunals.
v Place of arbitration
Section 26 of the Arbitration Act 2001 provides the procedure to be followed while selecting a venue for the arbitration hearing to be conducted. Primarily the selection of the venue for holding the arbitration procedure is up to the joint mutual consent of the parties. However, if it seems that the parties cannot mutually agree upon a venue then the decision will rest upon the arbitral tribunal which will have regard to the circumstances of the case, including the convenience of the parties. The arbitral tribunal may, unless otherwise agreed by the parties, meet at any place it considers appropriate for consultation among its members, for hearing witnesses, experts or the parties, or for inspection of documents, goods or other property. Hence, the Arbitration Act 2001 does not provide many restrictions as to the actual location of the hearing rather it has been left to the parties to mutually agree upon the venue.
iii the Arbitral tribunal
i Composition of the arbitral tribunal
As per Section 11 of the Arbitration Act 2001, it is the right of the parties to an arbitration tribunal proceeding to determine the number of arbitrators and if the parties fail to mutually decide upon the number of arbitrators then there will be three arbitrators. If the number of arbitrators decided by the parties is an even number then another arbitrator must be appointed with the joint consent of the parties.
The procedures to appoint arbitrators have been provided in Section 12 of the Arbitration Act 2001. Primarily it has been left to the parties to arbitration to agree on a procedure for appointing the arbitrator or arbitrators. The arbitrator can be of any nationality, unless otherwise agreed by the parties. If the arbitration clause requires only one arbitrator to be appointed and a request to appoint the arbitrator by one party to the other was not agreed within one month of receiving such request then the party requiring the arbitrator to be appointed must apply to the district judge of Bangladesh for it to appoint such arbitrator in cases other than international commercial arbitration. In the case of international commercial arbitration then the appointment must be made by a judge of the Supreme Court who was in turn nominated by the Chief Justice.
Where there are three arbitrators to be appointed then each party will appoint one arbitrator each and the third arbitrator will be appointed jointly by the other two arbitrators. Moreover, if two arbitrators fail to mutually appoint the third the arbitrator then again in cases of international commercial arbitration the third arbitrator will be appointed by a judge of the Supreme Court who was in turn nominated by the Chief Justice and in other instances the district judge. The third appointed arbitrator shall be the chairman of the said tribunal. The appointment of the arbitrator by the district judge or Supreme Court judge must be made within 60 days of the receipt of the application thereof.
So, it can be said that the composition of the arbitral tribunal is primarily up to the joint decision of the parties, as it was further evident in the case of Mohammad Enamul Huq v. Govt. Bangldesh &Ors11 where the district judge wrongly did not allow the parties to propose names who may be appointed as the arbitrators and the High Court in response to the decision stated that 'The learned Joint District Judge in passing the impugned order stepped beyond his jurisdiction inasmuch as according to express provision of Section 12 of the Arbitration Act the District Judge is empowered to direct the parties to make proposal of the name of the Arbitrators.'
ii Arbitration procedure
General responsibilities of the arbitral tribunal are established in Section 23 of the Arbitration Act 2001, which states among other things that it is the duty of the tribunal to deal with any disputes submitted to it fairly and impartially. This Section also provides some general rights to the parties involved in the arbitration procedure such as the parties will be given opportunity to present their case orally or in writing or by both, each party shall be given reasonable opportunity to examine all the documents and other relevant materials filed by other party or any other person concerned before the tribunal, the tribunal shall deal with a dispute submitted to it as quickly as possible and the arbitral tribunal in conducting proceedings shall act fairly and impartially.
The Arbitration Act 2001 further provides that the tribunal is not bound by the Bangladesh Code of Civil Procedure and Evidence Act 1872.12 Hence, it provides the tribunal with a wide range of discretion while conducting the trial more specifically with regards to evidential matters. With relation to other procedural requirements as per Section 25 of the Arbitration Act 2001, the arbitration procedure will follow the same procedure that was agreed upon by the parties to the arbitration procedure through the arbitration clause in the agreement. In the instance where there is no agreement as to the procedural requirements of the arbitration then it will be duty of the arbitrators to set the procedure for the arbitration proceedings. As per Section 25(3) procedural and evidential matter relates to the time and place of holding the proceeding either in whole or in part, language of the proceeding, written statement of claim, specimen copy of defence, time of submission and range of amendment, publication of document and presentation thereof, the questions asked to the parties and replies thereof, written or oral evidence as to the admissibility, relevance and weight of any materials, power of the arbitral tribunal in examining the issue of fact and issue of law, submission or presentation of oral or documentary evidence and submission or presentation of oral or documentary evidence. Therefore, it is quite evident that arbitration as a procedure in Bangladesh is independent from the general ambit of the civil litigation and evidence law.
As per Section 29 of the Arbitration Act 2001 it is up to the tribunal to decide the period of time the claimant has to state the facts supporting his or her claim, the points at issue and the relief or remedy sought, and the period of time the respondent has to state his defence, unless parties have mutually decided upon a different time frame. The parties also have the right to submit all documents they consider to be relevant or may add a reference to the documents or other evidence they will submit in future. The parties are also at liberty to amend or supplement the claim or defence during the course of the arbitral proceedings unless the tribunal decides the amendments to be inappropriate considering fairness or the delay in making such amendments.
With regards to terminating an arbitral procedure, the tribunal holds various powers, for example, as per Section 35 of the Arbitration Act 2001, the parties are at liberty to agree on the powers of the arbitral tribunal in case of a party's failure to do what is necessary for the proper and expeditious conduct of the arbitration. However, the tribunal may terminate the arbitral proceedings if the claimant fails to communicate his or her statement of claim to the tribunal and if the respondent fails to communicate his or her statement of defence, the tribunal shall continue the proceeding without treating that failure in itself as an admission of the allegations by the claimant. Moreover, the tribunal may also dismiss the proceedings if the tribunal is of the opinion that there has been an inordinate and inexcusable delay on the part of the claimant in pursuing his or her claim and the delay has given rise or is likely to give rise to a substantial risk that it is not possible to have a fair resolution of the issues in that claim, or has caused or is likely to cause serious prejudice to the respondent. Moreover, as per Section 41 of the Arbitration Act 2001 an arbitral proceeding shall be terminated if:
a a final arbitral award is made;
b the claimant withdraws his or her claim;
c the parties agree to terminate the proceedings or the arbitral tribunal; or
d the tribunal finds that the continuation of the proceedings is unnecessary or impossible.
Whether the hearing is an oral hearing for the presentation of evidence or for oral argument, or whether the proceeding shall be conducted on the basis of documents and other materials will again depend on the decision of the arbitral tribunal as per Section 30 of the Arbitration Act 2001. The tribunal may hold an oral hearing at an appropriate stage of the proceeding either at the request of the parties or at its own motion unless the parties otherwise agreed that there shall be no oral hearing. The tribunal must also give sufficient prior notice before conducting a hearing and of any meeting of the tribunal for the purpose of inspection of different materials that are subject to the arbitration procedure. While making its decision, the arbitral tribunal must indicate to the parties the statements, documents or other information that was taken into consideration while reaching its decision.
Legal or other representation can be appointed by the parties to represent its case to the arbitral tribunal as per Section 31 of the Arbitration Act 2001. Moreover, as per Section 32 of the Arbitration Act 2001, unless otherwise agreed by the parties the tribunal may appoint different kinds of experts or legal advisers to report to it regarding different matters that might be an issue in the arbitral proceeding. In this instance the experts will have access to all the relevant documents or information that might be required to determine the issue referred to them. The parties have few rights as to the report produced by the expert and they also have the right to put question to the expert witnesses in order to testify them on the points of issue or issues, to review the documents, goods or other properties that were used by the expert to produce his or her report and the right to have reasonable opportunity to comment on the report, information, opinion or advice submitted in the tribunal by the expert.
With regards to a summons, the arbitral tribunal does not have any direct jurisdiction to compel any witness to come before the tribunal, however, as per Section 33 of the Arbitration 2001, the tribunal or a party with the permission of the tribunal may apply to the Court13 to issue a summons to the witnesses. The summons will have the same effect as the summons that was issued by the courts of Bangladesh. Therefore, a person who is compelled to attend the tribunal as per the summons and does not appear will be punished in the same manner as one failing to attend a summons for a hearing that was issued by the district judge.
iv the arbitral award
i Making of an arbitral award
Section 36 of the Arbitration Act 2001 the arbitral tribunal must decide the dispute in accordance with the rules of law as is designated by the parties as applicable to the substance of the dispute. Generally, in cases of arbitration proceedings the arbitration clause dictates the law of the country that shall be followed in determining the arbitration proceeding. Unless otherwise agreed by the parties, where there is more than one arbitrator the decision of the tribunal shall be made by a majority of all its members.
As per Section 38 of the Arbitration Act 2001 the arbitration award shall be made in writing and shall be signed by the arbitrator. In a proceeding where there is more than one arbitrator, the signatures of the majority of all the members of the arbitral tribunal shall be sufficient as long as the reason for any omitted signature is stated unless otherwise agreed otherwise by the parties. The arbitral award shall state its date and the place of arbitration and the award shall be deemed to have been made at that place. After the award is made a copy of the award signed by the arbitrator or arbitrators shall be delivered to each party.
ii Enforcement of an arbitral award
The award obtained by arbitration can be enforced in the same manner as if it was a decree of the court as per Section 44 of the Arbitration Act 2001.
With regards to foreign arbitration awards as per Section 45 of the Arbitration Act 2001, a foreign arbitral award shall on the application being made to it by any party, be enforced by execution by the Court under the Code of Civil Procedure, in the same manner as if it were a decree of the Court. An application for the execution of a foreign arbitral award should contain the original arbitral award or copy thereof duly authenticated in the manner required by the law of the country in which it was made, the original agreement for the arbitration or a duly certified copy thereof and such evidence as may be necessary to prove that the award is a foreign award. The High Court division has recently made it clear in Goenka Impex SA v. Tallu Spinning Mills Ltd (Civil)14 that if all the requirements are met a court must accept the foreign award as having the same force as a decree of its own.
iii Recourse against an arbitral award
A party has the right to apply to the court to set aside an order given by the arbitration tribunal, however, such application as per Section 42 of the Arbitration Act 2001 must be made within 60 days of the receipt of the award in cases where it is not an international commercial arbitration and in cases of international commercial arbitration the appeal must be made to the High Court Division within 60 days of the receipt of the award.
Section 43 of the 2001 Act provides the situations where the appeal against an arbitration award will be accepted and these are (1) when a party to the arbitration agreement was under some incapacity, (2) the arbitration agreement is not valid, (3) proper notice was not given of the appointment of an arbitrator or of the arbitral proceedings, (4) was otherwise unable due to reasonable causes to present his or her case, (5) the arbitral award deals with a dispute not contemplated by or not falling within the terms of the submission to arbitration, (6) the arbitral award contains decision on matters beyond the scope of the submission to arbitration, and (7) the composition of the arbitral tribunal or the arbitral procedure was not in accordance with the agreement of the parties.
Also, the High Court Division has wide discretion that can undermine a decision given by the arbitral tribunal in cases of foreign arbitral awards. The High Court Division can as per Section 43(b) of the Arbitration Act 2001 can set aside an arbitral award if it is satisfied that (1) the subject matter of the dispute is not capable of settlement by arbitration under any law of Bangladesh in force, (2) the arbitral award is prima facie opposed to the law for the time being in force in Bangladesh, (3) the arbitral award is in conflict with the public policy of Bangladesh, and (4) the arbitral award was induced or affected by fraud or corruption. This aspect of the Arbitration Act 2001 produces a huge number of controversies mainly due to the fact that the High Court can easily throw out a foreign arbitral award if it goes against the public policy of Bangladesh. It should be noted that the meaning of 'public policy' has not been defined in the Act, hence the power of the High Court in this regard is immense. This is because the legislators intended the courts to have enough power to dismiss an arbitral award if it might cause substantial harm to the economy or to any other sector of the country. This fact was evident in the case of Maisha Corporation (Pvt) Ltd v. BSMMU (Civil),15 where the High Court outright stated 'compensation for any part thereof can be allowed to spend from the Public Fund' furthermore a very vague definition of the term public policy was provided that stated 'It is against the Public Policy meaning thereby that Public Fund cannot be misused by granting such Award'. The High Court by delivering this decision has made its stance clear with regards to foreign arbitral awards.
The party appealing against the decision of the arbitral tribunal may be ordered by the Court or the High Court Division as the case may be to deposit the amount awarded by the arbitral tribunal in to it before it entertains the appeal. Therefore, the appeal procedure cannot be used to delay the payment of the arbitral award.
V Conclusion
Alternative dispute resolution in Bangladesh has two branches and of them only arbitration is regulated. Though the arbitration law of Bangladesh is far from perfect, especially with regards to enforcing foreign arbitral awards, the procedures involved in the process of invoking and later obtaining an arbitral award are sound. Now that the government of Bangladesh is focusing on the concept of alternative dispute resolution, more changes can expected soon.
1 Fahad Bin Qader is an associate barrister at Counsels Law Partners.
2 The Independent BD.
3 Came into force on 1 July 1940.
4 Came into force on 24 January 2001.
5 UNCITRAL Model Law on International Commercial Arbitration (1985).
6 6 ALR (2015)-HCD-20.
7 22 BLC (2017)-HCD-145.
8 Act No. V of 1908.
9 23 BLT (2015)-HCD-42.
10 Metropolitan Chamber of Commerce & Industry Bangladesh.
11 23 BLT (2015)-HCD-542.
12 Act No. I of 1872.
13 As per Section 2(b) court means the district judge.
14 2 ALR (2013)-HCD-427.
15 18 BLC (2013)-HCD-194.
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Hey everyone. OK looking good. Solar wind has not hit yet, wind speed is still low but the imf is playing ball. Now down to -14. I think Scotland will see Aurora tonight [b][/b]( if people north keep checking[b][/b]) and N Ire might also see Aurora. At this stage Eng chances of seeing Aurora is low. Though keep checking north. Skies terrible here!!


text:
namespace GraphQLParser;

/// <summary>
/// Lexer for GraphQL syntax.
/// </summary>
public static class Lexer
{
    /// <summary>
    /// Generates token based on input text.
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="source">Input data as a sequence of characters.</param>
    /// <param name="start">The index in the source at which to start searching the token.</param>
    /// <returns>Found token.</returns>
    public static Token Lex(ROM source, int start = 0) => new LexerContext(source, start).GetToken();
}


Want to wrap your Blackberry, iPod, Treo, or other pricey handheld in something more elegant than pleather? Bellagio Designs makes device-specific cases out of real Italian leather that fit like, well, gloves. You can charge, change memory cards, and perform any other necessary functions without removing your device from its case. See the company's site for the models and colors available for your gadget.


We are recruiting! Tradewind are currently working with an excellent school in Grimsby, who are searching for a Geography teacher to teach on a full time basis. We would welcome applications from teachers who are available sooner.
We are currently looking for an ambitious and innovative teacher to cover the summer term at a good academy in Grimsby. This has real potential to become a permanent position, so we welcome applications from teachers looking to work on a supply basis, or teachers looking for their next permanent position. This position will be paid to scale, meaning teachers can expect to earn between £120 and £180 per day.
The academy is part of a large and extremely successful multi-academy chain. There is a large focus on collaborative learning, and creating an innovative learning environment for students.
*A teacher who can teach Geography to KS4 students.
*A teacher with the ability to teach Humanities to KS3 students.
*A committed practitioner who wants to attain the highest standards for their students.
*A practitioner who is dedicated to creating innovative lessons for their students.
*A teacher with QTS (or equivalent teaching qualification.
If you have the ability to teach other humanities subjects to Key Stage 3 students this is desirable but in no means essential.
The school is incredibly accessible, being just across the road from a bus stop, and it has a large amount of free on-site parking.
*Excellent CPD and room for professional development.
*The opportunity to explore your teaching techniques.
Tradewind Recruitment is a Sunday Times Top 100 employer - stopping at nothing to ensure our candidates, clients and employees come first. At Tradewind, you will have access to 25 fully certified CPD courses, which is 18 more than our next nearest competitor, all focused on making you the best you can be. We have the very best people available to take your call and look after you every step of the way. We pride ourselves on exceptional service and take the time to get to know you. Put simply; we listen, we learn, we deliver. Why? Because our people matter most.
Awarded REC Audited Education gold standard - Tradewind Recruitment are committed to Safeguarding and are a proud Equal Opportunities Employer.


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Home › Nation
The Wake Up: Stormy Daniels, Uber, Senator Martin Golden
The porn star releases a statement.
Stormy Confession
Donald Trump's side-chick Stormy Daniels, who is a porn star, has been in the headlines for weeks. She was reportedly paid $130,000 — a week before the 2016 election — to stay silent about an affair with Trump. Although she spilled all the tea to In Touch back in 2011, she now refuses to answer if she had sex with Trump. Allegedly, if she confesses, she will lose $130,000.
Now, Stormy has released a full statement, saying, "The fact of the matter is that each party to this alleged affair denied its existence in 2006, 2011, 2016, 2017 and now again in 2018. I am not denying the affair because I was paid 'hush money' as has been reported in overseas owned tabloids. I am denying this affair because it never happened." See below:
Stormy Daniels (going on Kimmel tonight after Trump's State of the Union) issues a new statement saying she is denying having an affair with Trump not because of a settlement but because "it never happened."
She would also like you to follow her on Instagram.
From @a_cormier_ pic.twitter.com/J11O3WGGz3
— Tom Namako (@TomNamako) January 30, 2018
She clearly didn't deny the affair in 2011, but it sounds like Stormy doesn't want to jeopardize her coins. Denial is the best policy for anyone in the land of Trump.
No Uber For Racists
Uber is cracking down on racist passengers and Daniel Pollack is reportedly one of them. According to CNN.com, Pollack was "a senior adviser who worked for disgraced Trump appointee Carl Higbie." Higbie resigned earlier this month after making racist, homophobic and Islamophobic comments on the radio.
The racism doesn't fall from the Trump tree, Pollack is banned from Uber after a March 2017 incident in Atlanta. "Pollack's driver, Jasmine Coer, called the police after an 'aggressive ride' that she says began with Pollack asking if she was Muslim because of her headwear. Pollack was one of multiple passengers in the vehicle at the time. The driver said she was not Muslim." CNN.com continued, "According to a copy of the police report obtained by CNN, Pollack 'began yelling and cursing at her (Coer) and other customers' during his ride before being asked to leave the vehicle. 'He looks at me and I'm like, 'Sir, get out of my car. I'm calling the cops,' and he goes 'I'm white. I'm a white attorney and you're Black.'" A witness confirmed the incident.
Pollack was charged with disorderly conduct and is banned from the ride sharing app. This behavior is disgusting and to think he had the nerve to act this way with other passengers in the car. SMH.
'Ghetto' Drugs?
Much of America has sympathy for the horrible opioid crisis hitting the country — sadly, the same compassion wasn't given to folks suffering during the crack epidemic. Brooklyn State Sen. Martin Golden highlighted the differences in the reactions to opioids and crack when he said in the Brooklyn Daily Eagle, "It's not a ghetto drug. It's happening to doctors' kids." We all know what the coded language "ghetto drugs" means.
There has been outrage from Democrats and activists have been protesting Golden outside of his Brooklyn office. Dionna King, policy manager of the Drug Policy Alliance, told the New York Daily News, "This is the kind of language we've been seeing used in regards to the opioid epidemic. People are making delineations between the drug crisis that affects white people or affluent people and prior drug crises that happened to black and brown people. We know that policy responses are different considering who is a victim and who should be punished. Senator Golden's comments really shine a light on that. He's saying we should care about this because it's happening to people he empathized with as opposed to people he does not."
A spokesperson for Golden said the activists were engaged in "uninformed criticism." He also added, "Senator Golden is proud of what he has accomplished for his constituents and for New York and will put his record up against any of his opponents."
Andrew Gounardes, the Democratic challenger to Golden's seat, said the comments were "outdated." Looks like Golden may not hold that seat too much longer.
SOURCE: CNN, New York Daily News
Oprah Winfrey And Sterling K. Brown Shut Down The Golden Globes With Monumental Speeches
Black Harvard Students To Host Own Graduation Ceremony
Chrissy Teigen	, Donald Trump	, MSNBC	, net neutrality	, Stormy Daniels	, Uber
From Fred Hampton To Laquan McDonald: Why We Should Always Question The Chicago PD
Every Receipt Proving Candace Owens Is A Con Artist Who Is Following The Money
The Voting Rights Act Was Signed On This Day In 1965 And Now Trump Is Trying To Destroy It

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


PMR delivers key insights on the global plastic waste management market in its revised report titled 'Plastic Waste Management Market: Global Industry Analysis 2013 – 2017 and Forecast, 2018 – 2026.' The long-term outlook on the global plastic waste management market will remain positive with the plastic waste management market value expected to increase at a CAGR of 3.9% during the forecast period 2018 – 2026. According to the resin type, the thermoplastic segment is expected to register healthy growth during the forecast period with the generation of a high amount of plastic waste from industries. Based on the source of waste collection, the container & packaging segment is expected to witness a significant CAGR in terms of volume and value during the forecast period. Sales of plastic waste management in the global market is estimated to reach US$ 33,681.2 Mn by the end of 2018, witnessing a Y-o-Y growth of 3.2% over 2017. North America and Europe are collectively expected to account for over a 2/5th share in the global plastic waste management market by the end of 2018 and retain their position in the plastic waste management market during the forecast period.
Global Plastic Waste Management Market Dynamics: Growing end user demand for a higher content of recycled plastic in bottles is expected to boost the growth of the plastic waste management market over the forecast period. Utilization of recycled content in packaging reduces the environmental footprint of the package and incentivizes recycling. Various brand owners have shown strong commitment towards utilizing post-consumer recycled content in their products and packaging solutions, while ensuring that their products are compatible to be recycled with existing products. Limited market communication and value chain coordination is expected to be the key factor restraining the growth of the global plastic waste management market over the forecast period. The plastic waste value chain is highly fragmented and comprises various sectors, diverse and often mutually exclusive range of polymers and diversity in potential end-uses. The quality and quantity of the material flowing though the value chain is limited by coordination and lack of communication along the value chain. Utilization of plastic waste for the construction of roads is one of the key trends identified in the plastic waste management market across the globe. Various organizations across the globe are focusing on the development of plans to build houses utilizing plastic bottles to provide environment-friendly houses.
Global Plastic Waste Management Market Forecast: On the basis of resin type, market insights suggest that the thermoplastic segment will continue to dominate the plastic waste management market during the forecast period followed by thermosetting segment. On the basis of nature of service, the processing segment followed by disposal segment is projected to dominate the plastic waste management market in terms of values and volumes during the forecast period. On the basis of source of waste collection, packaging & container segment to remain dominant throughout the forecast period in the global plastic waste management market. The North America Plastic Waste Management market is dominate the global plastic waste management market throughout the forecast period. The rest of Europe is expected to dominate the Europe plastic waste management market, owing to the landfill ban across various countries in the region. The India plastic waste management market is expected to register the highest growth over the forecast period.
Global Plastic Waste Management Market: Competitive Landscape: Some of the market participants included in the report are B. Schoenberg & Co., Inc., Advanced Environmental Recycling Technologies, Inc., Replas, Clear Path Recycling, PLASgran Ltd., Custom Polymers, Inc., CarbonLITE Industries, Luxus Ltd., wTe Corporation, KW Plastic, Inc., Kuusakoski Group, Shanghai Pret Composites Co., Ltd., Republic Services, Inc., Reprocesses Plastic, Inc., 4G Recycling Inc., Vanden Global Ltd., TerraCycle, The WasteCare Group and Veolia Environmental SA.


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Modern Logo Redesign Spotlight: 11 Best Logo Changes
The Design Brief Template
You have an established brand, but you need to redesign your logo.
Maybe it's looking a little tired, or maybe it doesn't convey the correct brand message anymore.
The question is, how do you get it right?
The design landscape is changing, and logos need to keep up.
A huge part of having a successful brand is having a successful logo. And yes, we know a logo alone isn't "branding".
But:
A logo design is often the first thing customers see and is the way they recognise your brand in a crowded market.
You could have the best product or service in the world, but if you have a bad logo, customers will be less likely to invest in you.
Visual communication is a core part of engaging with your customers as visuals are easy to digest and understand (or at least they should be.)
Your logo should reflect who you are, your brand values whilst being eye-catching and easily recognisable.
Logo Redesign Trends 2020
When it comes to logo changes, you could get lost at the bottom of the pile. There are lots of evolving trends, and companies need to stay ahead of these to remain current.
Some of the redesign trends spotted in 2020 are throwbacks to the 80s and 90s whilst others are new on the scene and more experimental.
A big redesign trend in 2020 is the transition of logos from 3 dimensional to 2 dimensional to appeal to a more digitally focussed audience. Our world is much more digital than physical and brands have started to wise up to this.
Much of our communication is absorbed through online means, which 3D logos aren't best suited for. Flat, 2D logos render much better on digital devices providing users with a better overall experience.
Logo simplification is another biggie on the redesign front.
A cluttered logo does not appeal to the consumer of today. People are busy and want something they can easily digest and understand without having to try and work out what a logo means.
An effective logo is memorable and simple, so try and keep elements clear and easy to follow.
If you're a brand looking to redesign your logo, you should also think about colour gradients. Instagram (which we cover a little further down) have encapsulated this perfectly in their logo redesign. A colour gradient is a great way of adding personality and vibrancy without overpowering the overall aesthetic.
With that in mind, let's take a look at some of the best logo redesigns we've seen happen recently…
Starting in 2001, Mailchimp was originally developed as an email marketing tool for small businesses who lacked the capacity and resources of large organisations to access tools that would enable them to grow.
As the company evolved, customers wanted more functionality so the co-founders launched a selection of new channels including social posting digital ads, a marketing CRM, shoppable landing pages, advanced automations, and much much more. It has now expanded into a leading marketing platform for millions of businesses around the world. Not bad ey?
The whole premise of the Mailchimp culture is to be humble, independent and creative. This creativity shines through their branding, with Freddie the monkey as their playful icon.
When the company decided to redesign, they wanted to keep the playful Mailchimp spirit that is known and loved by the earliest customers whilst creating space for the brand to grow and connect with new customers. It was about balancing the company's loveable heritage while capturing their growth.
Some of the changes include simplifying 'Freddie' into a single colour treatment with slight tweaks to its shape and finer details so it looks great in any size. This simplification means it's suitable for wider reproduction with less fur, no 'M' on the cap and a simpler headline.
Notably one of the biggest changes is the loss of the script. While I like the aesthetics and fluidity of the old script, it has been replaced by a quirky wordmark which beams personality and visual presence. It's a strong identity which is difficult to ignore.
Keeping in line with the playful theme, what better background colour to use than yellow?
Particularly because this is the colour of bananas (Freddie's favourite), but also because it's not a colour used a lot on the web.
Combined with the black font this creates a bold yet fun identity which harnesses the brand's core values.
Instagram is one of the largest and most arguably loved social media platforms of today allowing people to share and interact with all kinds of photos and videos at their fingertips. It has become a way for people to express themselves and share an insight into their lives.
But since its launch in 2010, Instagram has become so much more than just a photo/video sharing platform.
It is now a tool for selling, networking and serious content creation for individuals and brands. And of course, it gave rise to a new breed of social media influencers (love them or hate them, you can't ignore their huge social presence.)
Because of these changes, Instagram didn't feel like their polaroid camera logo represented their community best.
Instead they refreshed their logo so it became flat and minimalist, moving away from the 3D appearance of the previous design. They also changed their colour palette into a vibrant 3 colour gradient using pink, purple and yellow whereas the colours in the previous design were all separate.
The overall appearance was vibrant, fresh and young, which ties in perfectly with their largest audience of 25-34 year olds.
For unity, they also applied the new 3 colour gradient to other applications including boomerang and layout so the whole brand was beautifully tied together.
Now although everyone has become accustomed to the new design, it wasn't always plain sailing. When the logo redesign first launched, people criticised it for being tacky.
From individuals to news sources to celebrities, the app received a lot of negative publicity.
But Instagram stuck to their guns, and judging by the size of the company today, they knew exactly what they were doing.
Back in the day, eBay was the go-to auction site for bidding on second hand bargains and getting that cheap thrill when you won someone's used high heels.
Bringing it up to modern day, eBay is now an all-encompassing ecommerce platform that enables consumer-to-consumer and business-to-consumer sales, operating more like a general shopping website. Sure, you can still bid, but it's no longer the essence of the business.
The redesign of the eBay logo represents this shift as it's moved away from the jumbled, playful typography to an organised set of lettering. This elevates the more serious positioning of the platform and the purpose it serves to individuals and businesses alike.
It's no longer people just selling 'stuff' for rock bottom prices but a platform where you can buy items directly from companies and resellers.
Although the letters no longer overlap they do still touch which is a subtle reflection of eBay's connected and diverse community.
Despite changing the typography, eBay has kept the same recognisable colour palette as this is one of the most well known elements of the brand.
Keeping this the same throughout reflects eBay's proud history but also points towards it's dynamic future.
Uber's last logo redesign in 2016 unfortunately coincided with the start of a lot of bad press for the company involving their culture, business practices and overall appreciation.
After pressuring CEO, Travis Kalanack, to step down in 2017, Uber was on a mission to save its brand image. They wanted to transition away from the negative press that had been surrounding the company.
The redesign of their logo signified something much bigger; they needed to prove to people they had changed and left the mistakes of the past behind. They needed to show they were a respectable company and regain the trust of their customers.
Although changes to the logo were quite subtle, they were effective in emphasising this u-turn.
By using only the company name instead of an icon it's more focussed on what Uber does. It creates a lasting impression and is instantly recognisable.
The brand opted for a clean, clear typography which was much easier to read by as many people as possible. Lots of cities globally rely on Uber so it needs to be clear and distinctive.
There is no fluff or decoration on their new logo – it simply does what it needs to. The core goal is for Uber to focus on the service they're delivering to their customers and not to distract away from this.
Following the onslaught of bad press, the aim is to build back trust from customers and deliver a good service.
Fast food giant Burger King embarked on their first logo redesign in 20 years, designed by creative agency Jones Knowles Ritchie.
Keeping in line with emerging redesign trends, their new logo is flat which is easier to use on digital communications as 2D images render a lot better.
Other changes include a simplified logo and colour palette as the blue has been removed altogether. The colours are still vibrant and reflect core ingredients to engage and entice customers into the brand.
This rebrand takes Burger King back to a classic look and feel of the logo used throughout the 1970s, 80s and 90s. The simplified logo is clearly two bun halves with the words 'Burger King' in the centre which is a throwback to the designs pre-1999.
"We were inspired by the brand's original logo and how it has grown to have an iconic place in culture. The new logo pays homage to the brand's heritage with a refined design that's confident, simple and fun." – Jones Knowles Ritchie
People applauded this redesign as it took them back to the classic look Burger King was so well known and loved for.
The revamped logo is a tribute to Burger King's heritage and emphasises the iconic place it holds in society.
Back in the 1990s, Netflix originally began by selling and renting DVDs by post, a world apart from what the TV and film industry is like today.
Who remembers that feeling of going into Blockbusters on Friday night to rent a film?! And buying a huge tub of Ben & Jerrys to go with it of course. Unfortunately times have changed, and buying and renting DVDs just doesn't happen anymore.
As times have rapidly changed, the logo for Netflix needed to reflect this.
Netflix decided to redesign in 2014, changing to a much more modern, stylish logo. As we've seen with other brand designs, they got rid of their 3D lettering and opted for a flatter design which is a lot more clean and crisp.
They also dropped the colours and background shadow which evoked memories of an old-style cinema and trapped the logo in the past.
Keeping the iconic red Netflix is known for, they brought this to the forefront creating an easily recognisable, strong brand.
Aside from their logo, Netflix have continued to smash their branding even further, turning their classic 'ta dum' (you can't help but play this in your head) into a longer music display for films that receive theatrical releases.
Teaming up with composer Hans Zimmer, Netflix wanted to create a sound that was intense and loud, but still felt familiar. The challenge was to keep the 'ta dum' audio but make it bigger and more cinematic for larger audiences.
"We were sitting in the theatre and the 'ta-dum' would come on and it would feel so short and so abrupt that you really didn't quite understand what you saw before you dove right into the film." – Tanya Kumar, Brand Design Lead at Netflix
Peugeot describes itself as the 'world's oldest surviving automotive brand' and updated its logo for the first time in 10 years.
"A new logo and brand identity are significant developments for any marque, let alone Peugeot, who has a history spanning more than 210 years." – Julie David, Managing Director of Peugeot UK
For the first time in 50 years, the car manufacturer decided to drop the lion's body from their logo and throw it back to their 1960s emblem which featured just the lion's head and mane.
As with every redesign of the Peugeot logo, the lion's head remains the centre piece as this is the most identifiable part of the brand.
It also looks stronger as it has a much bigger space and presence now the body of the lion has been removed.
This strength is further elevated by keeping the lion's head cased in the metal shield – another recognisable feature of the classic logo.
The redesign was introduced to mark the transition towards becoming an electrical car manufacturer. By 2025, Peugeot claims they will offer an electrical variant of every car model they produce.
The new logo reflects the changing model line-up and new philosophy of the brand as they move towards a more eco friendly offering.
First launched in 2008 by two students, Airbnb is an online marketplace which allows people to list their own property as short-term and long-term accommodation options.
Accommodation ranges from the usual two bedroom houses to a lavish castle (of which there are more than 600 listings) so you're spoilt for choice! Why not live it up like a King for a week or two?
The brand totally disrupted the hospitality industry and since it started, has grown into one of the go-to websites for anyone looking to book an overnight stay.
Belonging has always been a core part of Airbnb and their new brand positioning 'belong together' perfectly communicates this. It encapsulates the 4 meanings people, places, love and air b 'n' b into one logo to elevate the sense of community they hold so strongly.
In terms of the old Airbnb logo, it included tightly spaced, cushioney letters which, although communicated a sense of comfort and casualness which the brand represents, wasn't strong enough and very rarely appeared anywhere outside of their website and mobile apps.
'Linetos circular' was chosen as the new typography and is a lot nicer, cleaner and easy to read by as many people as possible in as many places as possible. As the company has grown, their intent is on increasing brand awareness to a mainstream audience which is where the new logo comes in.
Initially, the logo received some criticism at the time of its launch with people comparing it to the paper clip-esque logo of software company 'Automation Everywhere'.
For any brand this is unfortunate, as you want your logo to be unique and set you apart from other companies.
Coors has been on the market since the late 1970s and was produced in response to a need for a weaker beer with even fewer calories.
With the rise of craft beers, Coors saw a shift in consumer behavior and didn't want to be left behind. Whilst Coors are definitely not a craft beer (link to beer packaging post) they're still competing in a busy marketplace so they knew it was time for a refresh.
Their old logo was outdated, loud and cartoon-like lettering which desperately needed bringing up to date.
By changing to a flat logo, and getting rid of the loud 3D style lettering, it immediately looks more stylish, underrated and modern. Keeping the same minimalistic colour palette, the brand is still recognisable yet cool.
From the old logo, they have stripped back as much unnecessary detail as possible to reveal a crisp set of lettering.
The iconic mountain has also remained in the background of the wordmark, adding some form to the layout of the logo whilst playfully cropping the 'Coors' script.
To help differentiate Coors even further, the new logo comes with the tagline 'born in the rockies.'
Having this tagline accompany the Coors logo helps create an emotional connection between the brand and its consumer by telling the brand story.
Have you ever booked a holiday without checking the reviews on TripAdvisor? If so, you're very brave!
From honest (and sometimes damning) customer reviews to the best tourist day trips to travel photos, TripAdvisor is the world's largest travelling platform.
Hosting over 460 million users each month, the site helps millions of people enjoy better travel experiences by providing unbiased reviews and guidance.
Established in 2000, TripAdvisor celebrated its 20th birthday last year by embarking on a rebrand . The anniversary marked the perfect time to reflect on TripAdvisor's positioning in what has become a very crowded marketplace.
The company enlisted New York studio Mother Design to rethink their brand identity for the consumer of today. Due to the brand's global recognition, TripAdvisor were keen to keep their distinctive assets and refine them to create a more cohesive visual identity.
The iconic owl symbol remained but was made simpler into a single colour treatment. This small change reduced the complexity of the icon and made it easier to reproduce to a high standard in multiple sizes.
"The previous logo had quite a bit more detail, and only worked when rendered in multiple colours – one red pupil, one green pupil and a yellow forehead. We kept its signature large circular eyes, built its ears and beak from a single triangle, and increased the line weight.
By allowing the logo to live in one colour and reproduce well at all sizes, we've made it more flexible and less susceptible to misuse in the marketplace." – Mark Sloan, Head of Design at the studio
Also, the typeface changed to 'Colophon Foundry' which is a strong font that carries the weight of the global, human connection the brand believes in. People are at the heart of TripAdvisor as it's focus is to improve the travel experiences of others, so this typography ties in perfectly with it's ethos.
Despite the need for a rebrand , keeping the logo recognisable was key. Do you trust a hospitality venue which doesn't have their TripAdvisor rating displayed?
The TripAdvisor rating has become a global seal of approval, displayed proudly in both online and physical formats in display windows and on reception desks.
Nissan's logo redesign was intended to mark a key milestone in the Japanese maker's transformation plans.
Their new logo has kept classic elements such as the sun and bar design but unlike previously, these are not raised. This joins the likes of Volkswagen, BMW and Mini who have replaced their 3 dimensional emblems with a 2 dimensional logo.
As well as the visuals, the font has been refined with the lettering stretched out to create more space and offer a cleaner, minimalist aesthetic.
By making the logo flat and creating more space, the new design is a lot more user friendly.
The ties in with their aim to revitalise the brand and make it more human, transparent and energised. This human element is very important as Nissan wanted something that could easily be reproduced and was pleasing to the eye.
"The overall effect of the redesign is a transition from a hard-edged, industrial feel to a refined, familiar and digital-friendly look. Nissan's new logo symbolizes the company's dedication to keep innovating for new generations of customers." – Nissan
Nissan understands that our world is now more digitally focussed so brands need to have effective touchpoints to engage with customers in both offline and online formats.
Despite the changes to design, the company name has been kept at the centre. This evokes past memories and the heritage of the brand, whilst also conveying evolution and their commitment to adaptation.
Nissan combined the launch of the new logo with the launch of the electric Airya SUV to elevate their passion to keep innovating for new generations of customers.
Logo Redesign: Honourable Mentions
All of the above examples are perfect examples of logo redesigns in the modern age, but we're in a giving mood. It's why we've put together an honourable mentions section.
Think of it like a bonus round where we cover more modern logos from the brands you know and care about (or had no clue about, until now).
Let's take a quick look at some honourable logo redesigns.
Credit to Glitschka Studios
The Kiwi brand has been around for tens, if not hundreds of years (its main thing is shoe polish, you might recognise it). With the old brand you could tell it was looking tired and dated.
But the problem is making sure you don't lose all that history and recognition in a rebrand while still making a pretty big step forward.
Kiwi have done this by creating a bold and confident Kiwi character. The bold text only adds to this version, making it quite striking to look at.
Brand recognition is still on point, with the bright red colour and the overall simplicity of its execution.
It's for this reason that Kiwi is the first entry in our honourable mentions section. The new version doesn't change a lot, which is proof that a little can go a long way.
Credit to Sylvain Labs
You could say that the WNBA has had a tough time in separating itself from the competition.
But in times of massive social change, the WNBA has taken the step outside of the NBA box with this rebrand. Which is great for all involved, as the WNBA needed its own identity if it's to reflect the growth of women's basketball.
Knowing where you're going brand-wise is equally as important as where you've come from. There's a place for history, but memorable branding is decided by those that dare to challenge.
A bit like women's basketball, when you think about it.
Credit to Wieden and Kennedy
We go from one sport to the next with the F1s rebrand that left fans in a tizzy when it was announced. It's a logo rebrand we've covered before on the site in a post about sports branding.
This logo is, in a word:
Quality, despite what a lot of racing fans had to say when it was originally revealed in 2017.
Let's face it, the old logo was going nowhere fast, and it no longer captured the regal nature of the sport that emphasises tech and competition.
Many have warmed to the new F1 logo in time, but it took a while for many to go from one lane to the next as far as opinion goes. It's an example of a logo redesign that gets better with age.
It's such a drastic switch up from the original too, making it one of the perfect examples of sticking to your guns if you're looking to try something so different.
In other words, quality logo design is a marathon not a sprint.
Credit to Red & White
BT's previous logo screamed early 2000s, much to its own detriment. That was until the telecommunications company rebranded and rebranded strong.
The emphasis on purple and modern design brought the company into the modern day while carving out its own little niche in contras to Sky and Virgin, two of BT's biggest competitors.
There's beauty in simplicity, and BT's updated logo proves that. If there's a lesson to learn here, it's that you don't need to overly complicate your logo designs.
Sometimes some of the simplest designs work the best at attracting your target audience.
Credit to Jones Knowles Ritchie
Dunkin Donuts took a bite out of its own name to become Dunkin in 2019, a change that was fuelled mostly by coffee and the rise in healthy lifestyles.
And that's not to say that people have stopped buying donuts from them either, because they clearly have given the number of pastries sold by the chain.
If you line up all previous examples of Dunkin's logo through the years you'll notice that they've made things a lot simpler with every update.
Dunkin falls into a similar category that Burger King sits in, where stripping back your branding has a positive impact.
Logos are the visual representation of your brand so getting them right is crucial.
Getting the design of your logo right is arguably even more crucial as people become accustomed to your branding and it's about making a smooth transition.
Companies choose to redesign their logos for a whole host of reasons. Some require a complete overhaul whereas others just need a few tweaks here and there to make them more user friendly and to bring them into modern day.
Whatever the change may be, your customer and their needs should be at the forefront otherwise you run the risk of losing them. It's something we see product managers struggle with a lot (coming up with logo that best represents them that they're happy with).
Logos inform overall branding, but all of the best full rebrands require a little bit more commitment to change!
7 Easy Steps to a More Effective Logo Design
Tony Hardy
What is Logo Design?
17 Rebranding Failures and How Much They Cost (Updated: March 2021)


Due to age, the existing steel was compromised and there was potential of failure if deterioration continued. CR Meyer was tasked with the demolition and replacement of approximately 1,850 square feet of steel in three spill tubes. Each tube required 1,265 1" holes be drilled ten inches deep for anchor installation.
The project required a dewatering plan; a scan for rebar interference and anchor bolt holes; a 3D scan to allow for specialized fabrication of new steel panels; assembly and mobilization of barges; construction of a cofferdam; demolition of existing 80 year old liner; and hand packed special grout in spalled areas.
Challenges were the ever present water leaking by existing equipment and weather. Changing weather conditions were continuously monitored to ensure they didn't cause a 'high water' event which would require evacuation. To alleviate the situation, CR Meyer utilized extra dewatering equipment.
Everyone was extremely impressed with how quickly and efficiently the CR Meyer crew was able to get the additional braces and extensions in place. I received multiple compliments on how well they worked and how easy they were to work with.


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Myth Universe: Violent Times?
By Séan Mooney | Apr 19 2018
Many of us think that we are living in some of the most violent times yet known to man, Séan Mooney dispells this notion. There is a sense that violence is an increasing problem and that the past was generally a more harmonious era, but this could not be further from the truth. We live in the most peaceful era since civilisation began and violence is in decline in almost every domain. People feel the world of today is more dangerous than the past for several reasons. Firstly, journalists report disasters, not incremental progress, because that sells. Gory news footage stays with us, leading us to overestimate the likelihood of these events. Our change in standards is also outpacing our change in behaviour. UNICEF are concerned about the child mortality rate in Eritrea today, not that it plummetted five-fold since 1974.Today's advanced military arsenals might suggest war is more dangerous than ever but the annual global death rate from war is receeding. During World War II, 300 per 100,000 people died from war globally each year. This dropped to 22 in the 1950s, 5 in the '80s, and just 0.2 in the '00s. War has not occurred between developed countries for seventy years. There has also been a 90% reduction in genocides since post-World War II highs. Civil wars continue but are typically less destructive than interstate wars, and the Syrian civil war has only pushed the global war death rates back to 2000 levels.
"War has not occurred between developed countries for seventy years."
We live with the contstant threat of nuclear war but despite apocalyptic prophecies, no nuclear weapons have been used in combat since Nagasaki. Since then, the Cold War ended without destruction and 16 nations abondoned nuclear weapon programs. The number of nuclear weapons being maintained has been reduced by 80% and a global agreement has locked down the remaining nuclear weapons, with the phased elimination of all nuclear weapons having been endorsed in principle by major world leaders.Terrorism fears have been on the rise since the turn of the millenium but the truth is terrorism is incredibly rare. Each year since 2002, more people in America were killed by lightning, deer, peanut allergies, bee stings, and nightwear catching fire than by terrorist attacks. The homicide rate in much of modern-day Europe has dropped below one per 100,000 people per year, a hundred times less than it was in the Middle Ages. In the rest of the world, violent crime rates are expected to continue to drop with criminologists expecting the global homicide rate to be halved within 30 years. The rate of infanticide in the Western world today is less than a thousandth of what it was during Middle Ages. This contrasts the statement from a British coroner in 1862 that said police thought no more of finding a dead child than that of a dead dog.
Child abduction by a stranger is a common fear today, but is an extremely rare occurance: Warwick Cairns calculated that if you want your child to be kidnapped, you would have to leave the child outside and unattended for 750,000 years. Even children's entertainment is mellower. 17th century nursery rhymes resort to violence 10.8 times more frequently than television programs. Between the 15th and 18th centuries, 100,000 women were burned at the stake for witchcraft. Not only have we outgrown this, but also violence against women of all kinds, including female genital mutilation and human trafficking, are in decline. Although work is by no means done, women are being educated better, paid more, marrying later, and are in more influencial positions than ever. The rate of racially motivated attacks has been in decline throughout much of the world in the past hundred years.
"The rate of infanticide in the Western world today is less than a thousandth of what it was during Middle Ages."
Slavery was once thought of as an ethical part of life but is now condemned by countless treaties, conventions, and declarations. In 2015, there was a record number of people living in free and open societies. In the past, criticising the king or following the wrong religion could get you executed one of a hundred different ways. The Medieval apetite for torture knew no bounds and the English monarchy used to revel in beheading both friend and foe. Currently, there is a movement to nominate the Queen Elizabeth II for the Nobel Peace Prize.
"Warwick Cairns calculated that if you want your child to be kidnapped, you would have to leave the child outside and unattended for 750,000 years."
It is unlikely that we will ever outgrow war and violence entirely but modern society has its apetite for it. In total, 500,000 people were killed in front of packed crowds at the Colosseum for Roman entertainment whereas today there is controversy over every advertisement containing violence, and such outrage highlights not how low we have fallen, but how high our standards have risen.


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Bellamy Leaves
By den,
June 22, 2006 in News
Craig Bellamy has now officially signed for Liverpool. The news is a big blow for rovers fans who only saw Bellamy at Ewood for one season.
Bellamy had only good things to say about the Ewood Park club. "My time at the club was amongst the happiest of my career and I have a lot to thank the club for" were Bellamy's words.
Rovers fans will be looking for the club to bring in quality replacements up front, now that three strikers have left the club since the end of last season.
Keep in touch with the fans views on this topic on the brfcs.com messageboard Here


FUTURISTIC SNEAKERS THAT TEST THE LIMITS OF STREET STYLE.
Inspired by global street style, these women's shoes launch the next era of streetwear with an unexpected look fueled by a strong adidas identity.
A knit upper is designed to adapt to the shape of your foot. Pops of color in the fabric create a mélange effect, and embroidered details and raw-edge leather add texture. Everything rides on a sculpted midsole that gives the shoe a bold silhouette and striking proportions.


text:
When Day Breaks
The Kelly Group International (KGI): A super-elite, top secret, family-run business.
Qualifications: High intelligence, rock-hard body, military background.
Mission: Hostage/kidnap victim recovery. Intelligence gathering. Handling jobs the U.S. government can't…
Eden is said to be one of the most beautiful women in the world. Her face has graced countless magazines and her body has sold millions of dollars of clothing. But her fame and beauty has earned her more than she ever imagined. Evil is stalking her, determined to extinguish the ethereal beauty forever.
Swanson or "Swanny" as his teammates call him is always up for the next mission. He came back from Afghanistan wounded and scarred. Hardly the kind of man who even belongs in the same room with Eden. And yet there's something about the quiet beauty that stirs his blood and makes him dream of the impossible. Because Beauty loving the beast only happens in fairy tales and KGI doesn't deal in fairy tales. Ever.
"Smile! Come on Eden, give me sultry. That's it. One more. Perfect!"
Eden arched her neck, flipped her hair over one shoulder and sent her most smoldering glance straight into the camera lens. Her neck ached and she wanted a break, but there was still the dogs to contend with.
"Okay, that's a wrap. Justin, where are the goddamn mutts?" the photographer bellowed.
On cue, two Chihuahuas were carried onto the set while another assistant changed the backdrop. As Justin shoved one of the dogs into her arms, the tiny dog snarled at Eden and began to yap furiously.
"Yeah, yeah, the feeling's entirely mutual," Eden growled back. "Stupid hairball."
"Uh, Eden, they don't have much hair," Justin said in his tinny voice.
She rolled her eyes. The guy was so literal. "It was an expression," she said uselessly.
"Well, whatever, but be nice to them. We need to get these shots and you can't be scowling, nor can they be growling at you. You're supposed to be laughing. Flirty. Cute even."
Eden had to call back the growl that rumbled in her throat. King, her mastiff, wouldn't forgive this transgression. As soon as he smelled other dogs on her, he'd sulk for eternity. That is, until she broke out the treats as a peace offering.
Pasting on her brightest smile, she cuddled, or as much as she could when the dog was a wiggling mass of unhappiness, and turned her attention to the camera.
The photographer shot rapid-fire, capturing every angle. He barked commands at Eden as if she were the dog, and then she got on her knees and the two dogs gathered around her as she acted out playing with them, her smile bright, cheeks aching from the effort.
She had a huge, huge shoot the day after tomorrow and if they didn't get this wrapped up today, there went her one day off to get some much-needed downtime before the Aria cosmetics commercial shoot.
It had been a huge coup to land the lucrative contract. It would set Eden up enough that she could retire if she so chose, though she planned to work a few more years. She would only be in demand a few more years at best. There was always someone younger, more beautiful, more eager climbing the ranks. While Eden might be the big thing today, there was nothing to say that tomorrow she wouldn't be yesterday's star.
But she did plan to slow down some at least. She had already planned a vacation after the Aria account was finished. Already she was imagining being home with her father and brothers. Maybe she'd take them someplace nice. To the mountains. They all loved it there. It didn't really matter, though. She just wanted to be around her family again. It had been months since the last time she'd seen them for more than a day here and there. Though it had made her schedule tight and taken away from much-needed rest, she'd scheduled flights home occasionally when she had only a day between gigs.
"Are you with me, Eden?" the photographer snapped. "Believe me, sweetie, we all have things we'd rather be doing, but don't let me hold you up. By all means take all afternoon."
Eden shot him a glare before snapping back to the task at hand. She was bone weary and she was just ready to be done with it so she could sleep about twenty-four hours before flying to Paris for the Aria shoot. She had to look her absolute best. Fresh. Rested. Sparkling with life.
For another half hour she suffered through endless smiles, ignoring the dogs that seemed to hate her and getting them to cooperate for the camera. At one point, Eden slid her hand underneath the belly of one of the pooches, intending to scoop him playfully so they were nose to nose. Only the dog wasn't having it and sank his sharp teeth into Eden's hand.
"Ouch! Damn it!"
She dropped the dog and held her hand in her other palm, glaring at the offending dog, who looked supremely pleased with himself.
"Okay, that's a wrap," the photographer said in an irritated tone. "Get someone to look at her hand, damn it. Are you up to date on your tetanus shots, Eden?"
She gritted her teeth, still glaring at the smug dog she was positive was laughing at her.
"I'm fine. He didn't break the skin." Thank God. Her hands would be predominantly on display in the upcoming commercials, as would the rest of her body. She didn't need any blemishes or cuts.
Still, one of the assistants rushed over with a first-aid kit and clucked and fussed over Eden until he was satisfied that the spot was only red and would likely fade within a few hours.
She listened as he rattled off a ton of instructions for how to treat it, moisturize it and care for it so her skin was perfect for the upcoming shoot. She tuned it all out and glanced to where David and Micah waited in the wings.
They recognized it for the SOS it was and pushed forward, flanking her and herding her toward the exit.
"Thank God, that's done," Eden muttered.
"Oh, I don't know," Micah drawled. "You looked kind of cute with the little hairless rats."
She shot him a dirty look that guaranteed payback.
The two men her father had insisted oversee her personal security and traveled with her everywhere she went situated her between them as they left the studio. They were nearly to the waiting car, the driver having been alerted by David that they were coming out, when the world seemed to explode around them.
Screams sounded shrilly in Eden's ears as she went down hard, a two-hundred-pound man on top of her. There were hoarse shouts, more screams and the sound of scrambling people on the sidewalk. More glass shattering, windows of the building being broken out.
A car roared up, a barrier between Eden and whatever the hell was doing the . . . shooting? She dimly registered that it sounded like bullets smacking into concrete and glass, and she was certainly acquainted with what bullets sounded like.
Then she found herself hauled up and thrown into the backseat of the car and then Micah's hoarse shout of "Go, go, go!"
The car screeched, tires burning rubber on asphalt as they careened away from the scene.
ASIN: B00HDMM7JA
When Day Breaks in Other Languages:
Silence brisé
Unheilvoller Morgen
Kad svane dan


An eponymous label, Mrinalini was launched in 2008. Following a linear momentum, Mrinalini aims to filter fashion down to design, distill tradition and counter influences and distill tradition to create for people who don't like lines.
Mrinalini launched in India in 2008, the philosophy seeking to merge left with right, to power into a universal culture with the cable connecting to India. The brand currently retail across India, the Middle East.