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text:
Eric F Vermote
RSCH AST, EARTH SCIENCES REMOTE SENS
Employer: NASA
Eric Vermote received his Ph.D in 1990 in Atmospheric Optics from the University of Lille, France.Until 2012 he was a Research Professor in the Department of Geographical Sciences of the University of Maryland. He is currently a Research Physical Scientist at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center's Terrestrial Information Systems Laboratory . His research interests are in radiative transfer modeling, vicarious calibration, atmospheric correction, aerosol retrieval, and the generation of climate data record for terrestrial studies. Dr. Vermote is a member of the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer Science Team, the NASA National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System Preparatory Project Science Team for the VIIRS instrument, the Landsat Data Continuity Mission Science Team, and is responsible for the atmospheric correction over land surfaces in the visible-to-middle infrared.
Radiative transfer
Vicarious calibration
Cloud/Cloud Shadow masking
Vegetation monitoring (Agriculture) from remote sensing
Vermote E. et al. (Co-PI), "Maintenance and refinement of the MODIS Aqua/Terra surface reflectance product suite", NASA, 2014-2018
The primary objective of this proposal is the maintenance and refinement of a well calibrated, high quality, multi-satellite, daily, multispectral land surface reflectance dataset from 2000 to present, providing a critical data set of global land observations needed to advance Earth System Science. Such a high quality global multi-year dataset is fundamental for interdisciplinary studies of the earth system and can be used to study a wide range of land and climate related questions, quantify land use and land cover change, characterize processes and examine functions within the Earth's land surface over time. The objectives of this research proposal are directly relevant to those specified in ROSES 2013 A.46, Terra and Aqua – Algorithms – Existing Data Products.
This maintenance proposal covers the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) surface reflectance product suite, M[O,Y]D09 (level 2 surface reflectance), M[Y,O]D09GA and M[Y,O]D09GQ (gridded daily product at 500m and 250m), M[Y,O]D09Q1 and M[Y,O]D09A1 (gridded 8 day composite product at 500m and 250m), M[Y,O]D09CMG (the daily global product in the climate modeling grid at 0.05deg).
The focus of this proposed work will be:
a)	The close monitoring of the calibration and instrument characteristics (polarization, spectral response, band to band registration, noisy or dead detectors, instrument point spread function) and their impact on the surface reflectance product. This will provide critical input to downstream products (e.g. how the changes in the instrument impact the reflectance and cascade into Vegetation Indices, and Albedo).
b)	The continuous and systematic close-to-real-time evaluation of the surface reflectance product over the AERONET sites through the use of rigorous performance metrics (Accuracy, Precision and Uncertainties)
c)	The in-house quality assessment of the global performance of the product as well as the quality flags (cloud mask, exception conditions) mainly by using the Climate Modeling Product and inter-comparison with others dataset of opportunity (Terra/Aqua consistency, CALIPSO data for clouds)
d)	Algorithm minor refinements as needed (polarization correction, aerosol models improvements based on AERONET).
We request to join the Land Measurements Team, and play the role of liaison with the calibration team and will focus on calibration and validation of land measurements, including cross-calibration and inter-comparison of systematic measurements and data products from the different sensors used to produce a time series. These activities will also directly benefit from our involvement in the Visible Infrared Imager Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) and Landsat-8 science teams, providing a common approach to atmospheric correction.
Vermote E. et al. (Co-PI),➢"A Terrestrial Surface Climate Data Record for Global Change Studies :AVHRR Surface Reflectance FCDR and the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index TCDR", NOAA, 10/1/2009-9/30/2015
In this phase of the project we will continue to improve and validation the AVHRR product and transition the CDR's to NOAA NCDC: (1) AVHRR Surface Reflectance FCDR and the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index TCDR, in aggregate, for the period from 1982 – present), (2) LAI and fPAR ancillary data, in aggregate, for the period from 1982 – present. Develop near real time capability.
Vermote E. et al. (Co-PI), "Prototype Atmospheric Correction Algorithm for Sentinel-2 Data Stream", NASA, 10/1/2013-9/30/2016
This project is aimed at producing a merged surface reflectance product from the Landsat and Sentinel-2 missions to ultimately achieve high temporal coverage (2 to 4 days repeat cycle, depending on the latitude) at high spatial resolution (20-60m). The goal is to achieve a seamless/consistent stream of surface reflectance data from the different sensors.
After having established the basic requirements for such a product and the necessary processing steps: mainly calibration, atmospheric corrections, BRDF effect corrections, spectral band pass adjustments and gridding. We will demonstrate the performance of those different corrections by using MODIS and VIIRS (Climate Modeling Grid at 0.05deg) data globally as well as Formosat-2 (8m spatial resolution) data (one crop site in South of France where 105 scenes were acquired during 2006-2010).
We will also work on the simulation of the merged Landsat and Sentinel-2 mission by using Landsat-7, Landsat-8 and the SPOT-4 Take 5 dataset. SPOT-4 Take 5 dataset is a collection of 42 sites distributed globally and systematically acquired by SPOT-4 HRV-1 and HRV-2 every 5 days during the decommissioning phase of the SPOT-4 mission (February-June 2013).
Vermote E. (Co-PI), "NPP/VIIRS Land Product Validation Research and Algorithm Refinement: Surface Reflectance", NOAA, (2011-present).
This research support an evaluation of the accuracy of select operational algorithms for NPP/VIIRS land products. The work includes analysis of the land surface reflectance product, analysis and impact evaluation of the VIIRS SDR and VIIRS cloud mask.
We have developed VIIRS vicarious cross/calibration with Aqua over desert/bright sites. This method has been routinely applied to the data stream in order to provide near-real time monitoring of the VIIRS calibration focusing in the reflective domain. We focused in particular on the red and near-infrared bands (I1,I2 M5 and M7) which are critical for downstream products such as Vegetation indices which are used in near time for the monitoring of vegetation and agriculture area, for detecting climate induced anomaly (e.g. drought) and assessing impact on production and forecasting yields.
We have performed preliminary inter-comparison of MODIS Aqua and VIIRS surface reflectance, aerosol and cloud mask products using the Climate Modeling Grid (CMG) dataset developed for MODIS and VIIRS by our science computing facility. This activity has enabled to diagnose very rapidly issues with the VIIRS aerosol, cloud mask and reflectance algorithm on a global and continuous basis which is complementary with the detailed analysis performed on a limited amount of instrument sites (see next paragraph on the validation subset).
We have performed preliminary evaluation of VIIRS aerosol and surface reflectance products on validation subsets. This evaluation will be done by the use of the AERONET data collected at those sites which provide with the 6S radiative transfer code an independent basis to generate surface product and assess the properties of the aerosols.
Vermote E. (Co-PI), "Development of the surface reflectance Fundamental Climate Data Record from the Landsat archive, the LDCM mission and future Landsats",NASA/USGS, (2013-2017).
The Surface Reflectance standard product developed for MODIS provides the basis for a number of higher order land products for global change and applications research. Unfortunately there was no equivalent suite of standard geophysical products provided for Landsat 7 beyond Level 1b. This has placed the burden of standard processing of Landsat data on the user community. In the LDCM era of large volume, regional to global data Landsat processing and operational use of the data, there is an urgent need for product standardization. Through this proposal and building on our MODIS and Landsat experience, we will provide a standard surface reflectance product for LDCM including cloud and cloud shadow screening. The algorithm will be robust, globally applicable and fully automated for integration into the LDCM processing chain and the code made openly available for others to use (e.g. LDCM ground stations). The approach is to extend our current research on Landsat, carried out as part of the NASA LEDAPS project for N. America and test the approach globally. Prior to the launch of LDCM the project will apply the approach to the Mid Decadal Global Land Survey Data (Phase 2), with the aim of extending data product continuity. Experience of the team with AVHRR and MODIS vicarious calibration will be applied to LDCM and close attention will be given to pre and post-launch instrument testing and performance. The team will continue to participate in a number of strategic national and international programs (e.g. LCLUC, GLAM, IGOL and GOFC-GOLD), bringing the new capabilities of LDCM into the international land observation arena and looking for synergy with other observing systems (e.g. Sentinel 2).
Vermote E. (Co-PI), "Enhancing Compatibility of Sentinel 2 and Landsat data for improved monitoring of the Earth System", NASA, (2011-2016)
The overarching objective of the proposed research is to ensure coordination between the Landsat and Sentinel-2 programs such that the products forthcoming from these similar missions are as compatible as possible in support of their combined use for science.
More specifically, the objectives of the proposed research are to ensure:
1. careful cross calibration between Landsat and Sentinel 2
2. consistency in methods for atmospheric correction
3. effective cloud and shadow screening
4. compatibility of datasets in support of a whole suite of science applications,
including monitoring of land cover and land use change.
5. Sharing of data and methods in support of product validation
In addition, the proposed research supports a number of international science programs and objectives. For example, Land Cover (including land cover change) is one of the Global Climate Observing System (GCOS) Essential Climate Variables (ECVs). The proposed research may make possible the production of a Land Cover ECV based on datasets from both the Landsat and Sentinel programs. Further, near real-time monitoring of forest change would greatly enhance the REDD Program (Reduced Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation) and the GEO Forest Carbon Tracking Task.
Vermote E. (Co-I), "Sentinel 3 Science Products: A US contribution", NASA Earth Science U.S. Participating Investigator (2012-2017).
This proposal is to provide a US investigator team with support to participate in the development of land products from European satellite systems, with an emphasis on harmonization between US and ESA products from AVHRR, MODIS, VIIRS, ATSR, MERIS and Sentinel 3. Currently there are a number of similar products being generated by NASA (MODIS) and ESA (Glob- series) from the coarse-resolution instruments and there is considerable interest in cooperation between the various parties with respect to product inter-comparison, algorithm standardization, processing procedures, validation protocols and data sharing. With the major new instruments (i.e. VIIRS, Sentinel 3) in development there is an opportunity to improve cooperation on understanding instrument performance and developing products. Similarly, with new requirements for Essential Climate Variables (ECV's) being set by the Global Climate Observing System (GCOS), there is an opportunity for improved space agency coordination at the technical level on product generation. This proposed cooperation will focus on Level 1b (calibrated and geo-located radiances), cloud mask, surface reflectance, albedo, vegetation index, active fire and burned area products. The US team has considerable experience with the AVHRR and MODIS data processing and products and the VIIRS Land EDR's and has a number of on-going interactions with their European algorithm counterparts. Through support from this proposal the US PI team will participate in the Sentinel 3 product-team activities coordinated by ESA. Our European counterparts will be invited to participate in the NASA MODIS and VIIRS Science Team Meetings. The cooperation will be implemented in the framework of the GTOS GOFC- GOLD program and the CEOS Land Product Validation (LPV) working group, engaging a broader community in the various activities.
Vermote E. (Co-I), "Agricultural Monitoring Applications of VIIRS Data and Land Discipline Lead ", NASA, 2014-2017, ($49,000 excluding CS salary)
Vermote E. et al. (PI), "Development of the VIIRS Climate quality Surface Reflectance Product Suite", NASA, 2014-2017.
The primary objective of this proposal is the development of a well-calibrated, high quality, daily, multispectral-land surface reflectance product from the VIIRS sensor, providing global land observations to meet the needs of NASA Earth System Science and Applied Sciences and continuity with the EOS-MODIS surface reflectance product. Such a high quality, global, multi-year dataset is fundamental for interdisciplinary studies of the earth system and can be used to study a wide range of land and climate related questions, quantify land use and land cover change, providing the basis for time-series analysis to characterize processes and examine functions within the earth's land surface. A science quality surface reflectance product compatible with MODIS, will be a fundamental data record and a necessary input to several other VIIRS Land CDR's. It is recognized that the IDPS system is producing an intermediate surface reflectance product (SR-IP), however there is no plan of producing a consistent and reprocessed highly accurate surface reflectance from the beginning of the mission that will ensure the continuity with EOS-MODIS. It is recognized that the IDPS system is producing an intermediate surface reflectance product (SR-IP) and will make incremental improvements to known problems, however there is no plan for the IDPS to produce a consistent, reprocessed and highly accurate surface reflectance from the beginning of the mission that will ensure the continuity with EOS-MODIS and allow higher order CDR's to be developed.
This proposal covers the VIIRS surface reflectance product suite to continue the MODIS record: level 2 surface reflectance, gridded daily product, gridded 8-day composite product.
The focus areas will be:
a)	The close monitoring of the calibration and instrument characteristics and their impact on the surface reflectance product as well as upstream product (VIIRS Cloud Mask (VCM) and Aerosol), we will act as the land liaison with the calibration, VCM and atmosphere group. We will also provide those critical inputs to downstream products (e.g. Vegetation indices, Albedo).
b)	The continuous and systematic near real time Validation of the surface reflectance CDR product over the AERONET sites through the use of rigorous performance metrics (Accuracy, Precision and Uncertainties).
c)	The in-house quality assessment of the global performance of the product as well as the quality flags (cloud mask, exception conditions) mainly by using the global daily product and cross-comparison with others dataset of opportunity (consistency with Aqua MODIS, CALIPSO data for clouds).
d)	MODIS algorithm refinements from Collection 6 will be integrated into the VIIRS algorithm and shared with the NOAA JPSS project for possible inclusion in future versions of the operational product.
11/2012 - Present
Research Physical Scientist
NASA, Goddard Space Flight Center, Code 619
University of Maryland, Dpt of Geographical Sciences
Associate Research Scientist
Assistant Research Scientist
University of Lille, Lille, France, Dpt of Physics
Air Force Scientist
French Air Force, CERT-DERO, Toulouse, France
2009-2012, Spring	Instructor, GEOG-445: "Climatology". University of Maryland College Park.
2006, Fall	Main Instructor, GEOG-788 seminar course: "Advances in remote sensing of terrestrial global change: past, present & future", group teaching. University of Maryland College Park.
2004, Fall	Coordinator, GEOG-788 seminar course: "Advances in remote sensing of terrestrial global change: past, present & future", coordinated by Vermote E. and Roy D.P. University of Maryland College Park.
2002, Aug	Lecturer, International Summer School, l'Aquila, Italy: "Atmospheric and Oceanic Science".
2002, Jan	Lecturer, MIT/Goddard Short Course: "Remote Sensing of the Earth's Environment from Terra". NASA Goddard Space Flight Center.
2001, Oct	Lecturer, Master program of physics at University of Bari, "Advanced Remote Sensing", three lectures.
2001, Sep	Guest lecturer, GEOG-609: "Global Terrestrial Satellite Observing Systems course". University of Maryland College Park.
2001, Jul	Lecturer, NASA Summer Internship Program: "MODIS data use for land atmosphere remote sensing". NASA Goddard Space Flight Center.
2001, Jun	Lecturer, George Mason University workshop: "Earth Science Remote Sensing Data Processing, Analysis & Applications".
1998, Fall	Instructor, GEOG-480: "Advanced Remote Sensing". University of Maryland College Park.
1998, Apr 4	Presenter, "NOAA-AVHRR-PM channel 1 and 2 calibration results from 1982 to present", (GSFC), University of Maryland GEOG 789 course: The Impacts of El Nino taught by John Townshend, Jim Tucker and Bruce Douglas.
1998, Jan 29	Lecturer, MIT, Independent Activity Period (IAP) Course 12.265, 12.565, Techniques in Remote Sensing, "AVHRR and SeaWiFS Global Product".
1996, Apr 10	Presenter/ Lab instructor, "6S: Second Simulation of the Satellite Signal in the Solar Spectrum, an overview", UMD/Dept of Geography for Physical Fundamentals of Remote Sensing course.
1993, Dec 6-12	Lecturer, Commission of the European Communities on Remote Sensing, Joint Research Centre Ispra, Italy: "Remote Sensing and Radiative transfer modelling, Advances in the use of NOAA AVHRR for Land Applications", EUROCOURSES.
1987-1988, Sep	Lecturer, Undergraduate level engineering, HEI, Lille: "Introduction of numerical analyses and programming".
1987, Spring	Lecturer, Undergraduate level School of Pharmacy, Lille, France: "Spread Sheet and Relational Database software".
1990	Ph.D. Physics, University of Lille, France
1987	M.S. Computer Science, Hautes Etudes Industrielles, Lille, France
IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Society, 1996 - Present
Present	Reviewer for Remote Sensing of Environment, International Journal of Remote Sensing, Journal of Geophysical Research, IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, Applied Optics, International Journal of Chemistry and Ecology, Advances in Space Research,, Journal of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE A, ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Journal of the Optical Society of America, EEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters, Geophysical Research Letters, Atmospheric Research (around 20 papers reviewed each year)
Present	NASA/VIIRS Science Team Member
Present	Member of the Committee on Space Research (COSPAR)
Present	Review Editor for Frontiers in Atmospheric Science
Present	Landsat 8 Science Team Member
Present	MODIS Science Team Member (Land representative for calibration group)
Present	NPOESS/VIIRS Science Team Member (Land Representative for calibration and cloud mask group and surface reflectance lead)
Present	Associate Editor for the Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing
2015	NASA review panel
2015	Member of the International Scientific Committee for the 36th International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS)
2015	Judge at the Electronic STEM fair competition (projects in French), Robert Goddard French Immersion School, PGPS, MD.
2014 Member of the International Scientific Committee for the 4th International Symposium on Recent Advances in Quantitative Remote Sensing (RAQRS'14).
2013	NASA/GSFC Code 600 Publication award committee
2013	Member of Goddard Diversity Dialogue Project team
2013-2014	Member of the International Scientific Committee for the 4th International Symposium on Recent Advances in Quantitative Remote Sensing (RAQRS'14).
2013 Member of the Scientific Committee for the ESA Living planet symposium.
2012-Present	Adjunct Professor at the University of Maryland
2012-2013	Co-Chair of the Non Tenure Track Faculty Task Force
2009-present Associate Editor for the Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing
2008-present	Member of the GCOS (Global Climate Observing System) AOPC/TOPC Joint Working Group on Land Surface and Atmospheric issues
2007 Reviewer for NOAA Research Program/ Member of the review panel
2007 Reviewer for NASA Research Program/ Member of the review panel
2005-2007	Chair of Research Faculty Advisory Committee
2003	Reviewer for NASA Research Program/ Member of the 2 review panels
2001	Reviewer for NASA Research Program/ Member of the review panels
2001	Reviewer NSF Research Program
1999	Reviewer for the Centre for Earth Observation (CEO) European program
1995-1996	Chairman of IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Society, Washington DC/ Virginia Chapter
1995	Reviewer for NOAA Climate Research / Member of the review panel
2014	Group Achievement Award as part of the Suomi NPP Development Team
2014 PECORA Group Award as part of the Landsat 8 Team
2014	Certificate of appreciation for outstanding support to NASA Advanced Information Systems Technology Program
2013	Midwest Archives Conference, Presidents' Award presented to the 2006-2011 Landsat Science Team, "For outstanding support in improving the preservation and accessibilty of historically valuable documents and for contributing to public appreciation of the archival profession", April 2013.
2012	NASA Group Achievement award to MODIS NDVI Anomaly Team
2012	Hydrospheric and Biospheric Sciences (HOBI) Annual Awards – Scientific Achievement MODIS characterization Support Team & MODIS sensor working group
2012	Certificate of recognition for SUOMI National Polar orbiting Partnership Satellite System mission.
2011	University of Maryland "Research Leader" designation for level of research funding won
2010	Honored at the 3rd Annual University Wide Celebration of Scholarship and Research nominated by the Dean of BSOS.
2004-2008	University of Maryland "Rainmaker" designation for level of research funding won
2003	NASA group achievement award (signed by the NASA administrator), Group Achievement Award Aqua Mission Team, August 27 2003, In recognition of the talent, care, energy and devotion your outstanding group of civil servants, members of academia, and contractor personnel put into the Aqua Mission.
2003	NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) group achievement award (signed by the NASA GSFC director), Outstanding Teamwork Earth Observing (EOS) Aqua Mission Team, May 16 2003, In recognition of the talent, care, energy and devotion this outstanding team of civil servants, contractors, scientists, and academia put into the Aqua Mission.
2003	Customer Service Excellence Award, Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Support Team, April 2003, In recognition of your support for the calibration/characterization of the MODIS instrument on the Terra spacecraft.
1996	Award for service as the Chairman of IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Society, Washington DC/ Virginia Chapter.
Enrique Montano (2009-present) PhD, (Co-Advisor)
Corinne Carter (2012-present),Phd,(Committee Member)
Catherine Nakalembe (2012-present)),Phd,(Committee Member)
Yolande Munzimi (2012-present),Phd,(Committee Member)
Jie Zhang, (2011-present),Phd,(Committee Member)
Kim Do-Hyung, (2011-present), Phd, (Committee Member)
Alyssa Whitcraft, (2011-2014),Phd,(Committee Member)
Belen Franch Gras (2010-2013) PhD in Physics, University of Valencia, (Co-Advisor)
Inbal Becker-Reshef (2007-2012) PhD, (Co-Advisor)
Jyoteshwar Nagol (2006-2011) PhD, (Co-Advisor)
Angira Baruah (2007-2012) PhD, (Committee Member)
Evan Ellicott (2006-2009) PhD, (Co-Advisor)
Timothy Clark (2007-2008) Master, (Co-Advisor)
David Béal (2006) PhD, Université d'Avignon, France (External Examiner)
Marc Mallet (2003) PhD, Université de Toulon et du Var, France (External Examiner)
Catherine Schmetig (2000) PhD, Université du Littoral, France (External Examiner)
Misrak Gezmu (1998), Faculty, University of West Virginia (Advisor for NASA Summer Faculty Fellowship).
Isabelle Mao-Che, (1998) Master, University of Paris (Supervisor for Summer Internship)
Laura Dempere Marco (1997) Master, University of Valencia (Supervisor for Summer Internship)
Misrak Gezmu (1997) Faculty, University of West Virginia (Advisor for NASA Summer Faculty Fellowship)
Wulder, M. A., T. R. Loveland, D. P. Roy, et al. C. J. Crawford, J. G. Masek, C. E. Woodcock, R. G. Allen, M. C. Anderson, A. S. Belward, W. B. Cohen, J. Dwyer, A. Erb, F. Gao, P. Griffiths, D. Helder, T. Hermosilla, J. D. Hipple, P. Hostert, M. J. Hughes, J. Huntington, D. M. Johnson, R. Kennedy, A. Kilic, Z. Li, L. Lymburner, J. McCorkel, N. Pahlevan, T. A. Scambos, C. Schaaf, J. R. Schott, Y. Sheng, J. Storey, E. Vermote, J. Vogelmann, J. C. White, R. H. Wynne, and Z. Zhu. 2019. "Current status of Landsat program, science, and applications." Remote Sensing of Environment, 225: 127-147 [10.1016/j.rse.2019.02.015]
Kuhn, C., A. de Matos Valerio, N. Ward, et al. L. Loken, H. O. Sawakuchi, M. Kampel, J. Richey, P. Stadler, J. Crawford, R. Striegl, E. Vermote, N. Pahlevan, and D. Butman. 2019. "Performance of Landsat-8 and Sentinel-2 surface reflectance products for river remote sensing retrievals of chlorophyll-a and turbidity." Remote Sensing of Environment, 224: 104-118 [10.1016/j.rse.2019.01.023]
Franch, B., E. Vermote, J.-C. Roger, et al. E. Murphy, I. Becker-Reshef, C. Justice, M. Claverie, J. Nagol, I. Csiszar, D. Meyer, F. Baret, E. Masuoka, R. Wolfe, and S. Devadiga. 2017. "A 30+ Year AVHRR Land Surface Reflectance Climate Data Record and Its Application to Wheat Yield Monitoring." Remote Sensing, 9 (3): 296 [10.3390/rs9030296]
Pahlevan, N., S. Sarkar, S. Devadiga, et al. R. E. Wolfe, M. Roman, E. Vermote, G. Lin, and X. Xiong. 2017. "Impact of Spatial Sampling on Continuity of MODIS–VIIRS Land Surface Reflectance Products: A Simulation Approach." IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 55 (1): 183-196 [10.1109/tgrs.2016.2604214]
Roy, D., V. Kovalskyy, H. Zhang, et al. E. Vermote, L. Yan, S. Kumar, and A. Egorov. 2016. "Characterization of Landsat-7 to Landsat-8 reflective wavelength and normalized difference vegetation index continuity." Remote Sensing of Environment, 185: 57-70 [10.1016/j.rse.2015.12.024]
Vermote, E., C. Justice, M. Claverie, and B. Franch. 2016. "Preliminary analysis of the performance of the Landsat 8/OLI land surface reflectance product." Remote Sensing of Environment, 185: 46-56 [10.1016/j.rse.2016.04.008]
Skakun, S., B. Franch, J.-C. Roger, et al. E. Vermote, I. Becker-Reshef, C. Justice, and A. Santamaria-Artigas. 2016. "Incorporating yearly derived winter wheat maps into winter wheat yield forecasting model." 2016 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS), [10.1109/igarss.2016.7730869]
Claverie, M., J. Matthews, E. Vermote, and C. Justice. 2016. "A 30+ Year AVHRR LAI and FAPAR Climate Data Record: Algorithm Description and Validation." Remote Sensing, 8 (3): 263 [10.3390/rs8030263]
Morton, D. C., J. Nagol, C. C. Carabajal, et al. J. Rosette, M. Palace, B. D. Cook, E. F. Vermote, D. J. Harding, and P. R. North. 2016. "Dry-season greening of Amazon forests Reply." Nature, 531 (7594): E6-E6 [10.1038/nature16458]
Claverie, M., E. F. Vermote, B. Franch, and J. G. Masek. 2015. "Evaluation of the Landsat-5 TM and Landsat-7 ETM + surface reflectance products." Remote Sensing of Environment, 169: 390–403 [10.1016/j.rse.2015.08.030]
Claverie, M., E. F. Vermote, B. Franch, et al. T. He, O. Hagolle, M. Kadiri, and J. G. Masek. 2015. "Evaluation of Medium Spatial Resolution BRDF-Adjustment Techniques Using Multi-Angular SPOT4 (Take5) Acquisitions." Remote Sens., 7 (9): 12057-12075 [10.3390/rs70912057]
Franch, B., E. F. Vermote, I. Becker-Reshef, et al. M. Claverie, J. Huang, J. Zhang, C. Justice, and J. A. Sobrino. 2015. "Improving the timeliness of winter wheat production forecast in the United States of America, Ukraine and China using MODIS data and NCAR Growing Degree Day information." Remote Sensing of Environment, 161: 131-148 [10.1016/j.rse.2015.02.014]
Nagol, J. R., J. O. Sexton, D. H. Kim, et al. A. Anand, E. F. Vermote, D. C. Morton, and J. R. Townshend. 2015. "Bidirectional effects in Landsat reflectance estimates: Is there a problem to solve?" ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, 103: 129-135 [10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2014.09.006]
Breon, F., E. F. Vermote, E. Murphy, and B. Franch. 2015. "Measuring the Directional Variations of Land Surface Reflectance From MODIS." Geoscience and Remote Sensing, IEEE Transactions on, 53 (8): 4638 - 4649 [10.1109/TGRS.2015.2405344]
Whitcraft, A. K., E. Vermote, I. Becker-Reshef, and C. Justice. 2015. "Cloud cover throughout the agricultural growing season: Impacts on passive optical earth observations." Remote Sensing of Environment, 156: 438-447 [10.1016/j.rse.2014.10.009]
Franch, B., E. F. Vermote, and M. Claverie. 2014. "Intercomparison of Landsat albedo retrieval techniques and evaluation against in situ measurements across the US SURFRAD network." Remote Sensing of Environment, 152: 627-637 [ doi:10.1016/j.rse.2014.07.019]
Zhou, L., Y. Tian, R. B. Myneni, et al. P. Ciais, S. Saatchi, Y. Y. Liu, S. Piao, H. Chen, E. Vermote, C. Song, and T. Hwang. 2014. "Widespread decline of Congo rainforest greenness in the past decade." Nature, 509: 86-90 [10.1038/nature13265]
Morton, D. C., J. Nagol, C. C. Carabajal, et al. J. Rosette, M. Palace, D. Cook, E. F. Vermote, D. Harding, and P. North. 2014. "Amazon forests maintain consistent canopy structure and greenness during the dry season." Nature, 506 (7487): 221-224 [10.1038/nature13006]
Franch, B., E. F. Vermote, J. A. Sobrino, and Y. Julien. 2014. "Retrieval of surface albedo on a daily basis: Application to MODIS data." IEEE Transaction on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 52 (12): 7549-7558 [10.1109/TGRS.2014.2313842]
Nagol, J. R., E. Vermote, and S. D. Prince. 2014. "Quantification of Impact of Orbital Drift on Inter-Annual Trends in AVHRR NDVI Data." Remote Sens., 6 (7): 6680-6687 [10.3390/rs6076680]
Vermote, E., C. Justice, and I. Csiszar. 2014. "Early evaluation of the VIIRS calibration, cloud mask and surface reflectance Earth data records." Remote Sensing of Environment, 148: 134-145 [10.1016/j.rse.2014.03.028]
Roy, D., M. A. Wulder, T. R. Loveland, et al. C. E. Woodcock, R. G. Allen, M. C. Anderson, D. Helder, J. Irons, D. M. Johnson, R. Kennedy, T. A. Scambos, C. B. Schaaf, J. R. Schott, Y. Sheng, E. Vermote, A. S. Belward, R. Bindschadler, W. B. Cohen, F. Gao, J. D. Hipple, P. Hostert, J. Huntington, C. O. Justice, A. Kilic, V. Kovalskyy, Z. P. Lee, L. Lymburner, J. Masek, J. McCorkel, Y. Shuai, R. Trezza, J. Vogelmann, R. H. Wynne, and Z. Zhu. 2014. "Landsat-8: Science and product vision for terrestrial global change research." Remote Sensing of Environment, 145: 154-172 [10.1016/j.rse.2014.02.001]
Roy, D. P., Y. Qin, V. Kovalskyy, et al. E. F. Vermote, J. Ju, A. Egorov, M. Hansen, I. Kommareddy, and L. Yan. 2014. "Conterminous United States demonstration and characterization of MODIS-based Landsat ETM+ atmospheric correction." Remote Sensing of Environment, 140: 433-449 [10.1016/j.rse.2013.09.012]
Yeo, I.-Y., M. Lang, and E. Vermote. 2014. "Improved Understanding of Suspended Sediment Transport Process Using Multi-Temporal Landsat Data: A Case Study From the Old Woman Creek Estuary (Ohio)." IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth Observations Remote Sensing, 7 (2): 636-647 [10.1109/JSTARS.2013.2265191]
Franch, B., E. Vermote, J. A. Sobrino, and E. Fedele. 2013. "Analysis of directional effects on atmospheric correction." Remote Sensing of Environment, 128: 276-288 [10.1016/j.rse.2012.10.018]
O'Connell, J., J. Connolly, E. Vermote, and N. M. Holden. 2013. "Radiometric normalization for change detection in peatlands: a modified temporal invariant cluster approach." International Journal of Remote Sensing, 34 (8): 2905-2924 [10.1080/01431161.2012.752886]
Vadrevu, K., I. Csiszar, E. Ellicott, et al. L. Giglio, K. S. Badarinath, E. Vermote, and C. Justice. 2013. "Hotspot Analysis of Vegetation Fires and Intensity in the Indian Region." IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth Observations Remote Sensing, 6 (1): 224-238 [10.1109/JSTARS.2012.2210699]
Sobrino, J. A., B. Franch, R. Oltra-Carrio, E. Vermote, and E. Fedele. 2013. "Evaluation of the MODIS Albedo product over a heterogeneous agricultural area." International Journal of Remote Sensing, 34 (15): 5530-5540 [10.1080/01431161.2013.792968]
Verger, A., F. Baret, M. Weiss, S. Kandasamy, and E. Vermote. 2013. "The CACAO Method for Smoothing, Gap Filling, and Characterizing Seasonal Anomalies in Satellite Time Series." IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 51 (4): 1963-1972 [10.1109/TGRS.2012.2228653]
Feng, M., J. O. Huang, C. Huang, et al. J. Masek, E. Vermote, F. Gao, R. Narasimhan, S. Channan, R. Wolfe, and J. R. Townshend. 2013. "Global surface reflectance products from Landsat: Assessment using coincident MODIS observations." Remote Sensing of Environment, 134: 276-293 [10.1016/j.rse.2013.02.031]
Claverie, M., E. Vermote, M. Weiss, et al. F. Baret, O. Hagolle, and V. Demarez. 2013. "Validation of coarse spatial resolution LAI and FAPAR time series over cropland in southwest France." Remote Sensing of Environment, 139: 216-230 [10.1016/j.rse.2013.07.027]
Justice, C., M. O. Roman, I. Csiszar, et al. E. Vermote, R. E. Wolfe, S. J. Hook, M. Friedl, Z. Wang, C. B. Schaaf, T. Miura, M. Tschudi, G. Riggs, D. K. Hall, A. I. Lyapustin, S. Devadiga, C. C. Davidson, and E. J. Masuoka. 2013. "Land and cryosphere products from Suomi NPP VIIRS: Overview and status." J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 118 (17): 9753-9765 [10.1002/jgrd.50771]
Tan, B., R. E. Wolfe, F. Gao, et al. E. Vermote, J. O. Sexton, and G. A. Ederer. 2013. "Improved forest change detection with terrain illumination corrected Landsat images." Remote Sensing of Environment, 136: 469–483 [10.1016/j.rse.2013.05.013]
Samanta, A., S. Ganguly, E. Vermote, R. Nemani, and R. Myneni. 2012. "Why Is Remote Sensing of Amazon Forest Greenness So Challenging?" Earth Interact., 16 (7): 1-14 [10.1175/2012EI440.1]
Ju, J., D. P. Roy, E. Vermote, J. Masek, and V. Kovalskyy. 2012. "Continental-scale validation of MODIS-based and LEDAPS Landsat ETM+ atmospheric correction methods." Remote Sensing of Environment, 122: 175-184 [10.1016/j.rse.2011.12.025]
Ganguly, S., R. R. Nemani, Z. Gong, et al. H. Hashimoto, C. Milesi, A. Michaelis, W. Wang, P. Votava, A. Samanta, F. Melton, J. Dungan, E. Vermote, F. Gao, Y. Knyazikhin, and R. Myneni. 2012. "Generating global Leaf Area Index from Landsat: Algorithm formulation and demonstration." Remote Sensing of Environment, 122: 185-205 [10.1016/j.rse.2011.10.032]
Wang, D., D. Morton, J. Masek, et al. A. Wu, J. Nagol, J. Xiong, R. Levy, E. Vermote, and R. Wolfe. 2012. "Impact of sensor degradation on the MODIS NDVI time series." Remote Sensing of Environment, 119: 55-61 [10.1016/j.rse.2011.12.001]
Fenga, M., C. Huang, S. Channan, et al. E. Vermote, J. Masek, and J. Townshend. 2012. "Quality assessment of Landsat surface reflectance products using MODIS data." Computers & Geosciences, 38 (1): 9-22 [10.1016/j.cageo.2011.04.011]
Vadrevu, K., E. Ellicott, L. Giglio, et al. K. V. Badarinath, E. Vermote, C. Justice, and W. K. Lau. 2012. "Vegetation fires in the himalayan region – Aerosol load, black carbon emissions and smoke plume heights." Atmospheric Environment, 47: 241–251 [10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.11.009]
Samanta, A., S. Ganguly, E. Vermote, R. Nemani, and R. Myneni. 2012. "Interpretation of variations in MODIS-measured greenness levels of Amazon forests during 2000 to 2009." Environ. Res. Lett., 7 (2): 024018 [10.1088/1748-9326/7/2/024018]
Townshend, J., J. G. Masek, C. Q. Huang, et al. E. F. Vermote, F. Gao, S. Channan, J. O. Sexton, M. Feng, R. Narasimhan, D. Kim, K. Song, D. X. Song, X. P. Song, P. Noojipady, B. Tan, M. C. Hansen, M. X. Li, and R. E. Wolfe. 2012. "Global characterization and monitoring of forest cover using Landsat data: opportunities and challenges." International Journal of Digital Earth, 5 (5): 373-397 [10.1080/17538947.2012.713190]
Xiong, J., R. E. Wolfe, W. Barnes, et al. B. Guenther, E. Vermote, and V. V. Salomonson. 2011. "Terra and Aqua MODIS Design, Radiometry, and Geometry in Support of Land Remote Sensing." Land Remote Sensing and Global Environmental Change, 11: Springer Science + Business Media, 133-164 [10.1007/978-1-4419-6749-7_7]
Becker-Reshef, I., C. Justice, M. Sullivan, et al. E. Vermote, C. Tucker, A. Anyamba, J. Small, E. Pak, E. Masuoka, J. Schmaltz, M. Hansen, K. Pittman, C. M. Birkett, D. Williams, C. Reynolds, and B. Doorn. 2010. "Monitoring Global Croplands with Coarse Resolution Earth Observations: The Global Agriculture Monitoring (GLAM) Project." Remote Sensing, 2 (6): 1589-1609 [10.3390/rs2061589]
Samanta, A., S. Ganguly, H. Hashimoto, et al. S. Devadiga, E. F. Vermote, Y. Knyazikhin, R. Nemani, and R. Myneni. 2010. "Amazon forests did not green-up during the 2005 drought." Geophys Res Lett, 37 (5): L05401 [10.1029/2009GL042154]
Huang, C., S. Goward, J. Masek, et al. F. Gao, E. F. Vermote, N. Thomas, K. Schleeweis, R. Kennedy, Z. Zhu, J. Eidenshink, and J. R. Townshend. 2009. "Development of time series stacks of Landsat images for reconstructing forest disturbance history." International Journal of Digital Earth, 2 (3): 195-218 [10.1080/17538940902801614]
Vermote, E. F., C. Justice, and F. Breon. 2009. "Towards a Generalized Approach for Correction of the BRDF Effect in MODIS Directional Reflectances." IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing, 47 (3): 898-908 [10.1109/TGRS.2008.2005977]
Ellicott, E., E. F. Vermote, F. Petitcolin, and S. Hook. 2009. "Validation of a New Parametric Model for Atmospheric Correction of Thermal Infrared Data." IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing, 47 (1): 295-311 [10.1109/TGRS.2008.2006182]
Eck, T. F., B. N. Holben, J. Reid, et al. A. Siniuk, E. Hyer, N. O'Neil, G. Shaw, J. R. Vande Castle, F. Chapin, O. Dubovik, A. Smirnov, E. F. Vermote, J. S. Schafer, D. M. Giles, I. Slutsker, M. Sorokin, and W. Newcomb. 2009. "Optical properties of boreal region biomass burning aerosols in central Alaska and seasonal variation of aerosol optical depth at an Arctic coastal site." J. Geophys. Res., 114 (D11): D11201 [10.1029/2008JD010870]
Vermote, E., E. Ellicott, O. Dubovik, et al. T. Lapyonok, M. Chin, L. Giglio, and G. Roberts. 2009. "An approach to estimate global biomass burning emissions of organic and black carbon from MODIS fire radiative power." J. Geophys. Res., 114 (D18): D18205 [10.1029/2008JD011188]
Kotchenova, S., E. F. Vermote, R. C. Levy, and A. I. Lyapustin. 2008. "Radiative transfer codes for atmospheric correction and aerosol retrieval: intercomparison study." Applied Optics, 47 (13): 2215 [10.1364/AO.47.002215]
Vermote, E., and S. Kotchenova. 2008. "Atmospheric correction for the monitoring of land surfaces." J. Geophys. Res., 113 (D23): D23S90 [10.1029/2007JD009662]
Levy, R. C., R. C. Levy, S. Mattoo, E. F. Vermote, and Y. Kaufman. 2007. "Second-generation operational algorithm: Retrieval of aerosol properties over land from inversion of Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer spectral reflectance." J Geophys Res, 112 (D13211): 21 pp [10.1029/2006JD007815]
Sinyuk, A., O. Dubovik, B. Holben, et al. T. Eck, F. Breon, J. Martonchik, R. Kahn, D. Diner, E. Vermote, Y. Kaurman, J. Roger, T. Lapyonok, and I. Slutsker. 2007. "Simultaneous retrieval of aerosol and surface properties from a combination of AERONET and satellite data." Remote Sensing of Environment, 107 (1-2): 90-108 [10.1016/j.rse.2006.07.022]
Myneni, R., W. Yang, R. Nemani, et al. A. Huete, R. Dickinson, Y. Knyazikhin, K. Didan, R. Fu, R. I. Juárez, S. Saatchi, H. Hashimoto, K. Ichii, N. Shabanov, B. Tan, P. Ratana, J. Privette, J. Morisette, E. F. Vermote, D. P. Roy, R. E. Wolfe, M. Friedl, S. Running, P. Votava, N. El-Saleous, S. Devadiga, Y. Su, and V. V. Salomonson. 2007. "Large seasonal swings in leaf area of Amazon rainforests." PNAS, 104 (12): 4820-4823 [10.1073/pnas.0611338104]
Vermote, E., J. Roger, A. Sinyuk, N. Saleous, and O. Dubovik. 2007. "Fusion of MODIS-MISR aerosol inversion for estimation of aerosol absorption." Remote Sens Environ, 107: 81-89.
Vermote, E. F., and N. Z. Saleous. 2006. "Calibration of NOAA16 AVHRR over a desert site using MODIS data." Remote Sens Environ, 105 (3): 214-220 [10.1016/j.rse.2006.06.015]
Masek, J. G., E. F. Vermote, N. Z. Saleous, et al. R. E. Wolfe, F. G. Hall, K. F. Huemmrich, F. Gao, J. L. Kutler, and T. Lim. 2006. "A Landsat Surface Reflectance Dataset for North America, 1990–2000." IEEE Geosci. Remote Sensing Lett., 3 (1): 68-72 [10.1109/LGRS.2005.857030]
Remer, L. A., Y. Kaufman, D. Tanré, et al. S. Mattoo, D. Chu, J. Martins, R. Li, C. M. Ichoku, R. C. Levy, R. G. Kleidman, T. F. Eck, E. F. Vermote, and B. N. Holben. 2005. "The MODIS aerosol algorithm, products, and validation." J Atmos Sci, 62 (4): 947-973 [10.1175/JAS3385.1]
Li, R., L. Remer, Y. Kaufman, et al. S. Mattoo, B. Gao, and E. Vermote. 2005. "Snow and Ice Mask for the MODIS Aerosol Products." IEEE Geo and Rem Sens Lett, 2 (3): 306-310.
Gatebe, C. K., M. D. King, S. Platnick, et al. G. T. Arnold, E. F. Vermote, and B. Schmid. 2003. "Airborne spectral measurements of surface–atmosphere anisotropy for several surfaces and ecosystems over southern Africa." J. Geophys. Res., 108 (D13): 8489 [10.1029/2002JD002397]
Justice, C. O., J. R. Townshend, E. F. Vermote, et al. E. J. Masuoka, R. E. Wolfe, N. Saleous, D. P. Roy, and J. T. Morisette. 2002. "An overview of MODIS Land data processing and product status." Remote Sensing of Environment, 83 (1-2): 3-15 [10.1016/S0034-4257(02)00084-6]
Wolfe, R. E., D. P. Roy, and E. F. Vermote. 1998. "MODIS land data storage, gridding, and compositing methodology: Level 2 grid." IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 36 (4): 1324-1338 [10.1109/36.701082]
Justice, C. O., E. Vermote, J. R. Townshend, et al. R. Defries, D. Roy, D. K. Hall, V. V. Salomonson, J. L. Privette, G. A. Riggs, A. Strahler, W. Lucht, R. B. Myneni, Y. Knyazikhin, S. W. Running, R. R. Nemani, Z. Wan, A. R. Huete, W. van Leeuwen, R. E. Wolfe, L. Giglio, J. Muller, P. Lewis, and M. J. Barnsley. 1998. "The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS): Land Remote Sensing for Global Change Research." IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 36 (4): 1228-1249 [10.1109/36.701075]
Non-Refereed
Kinne, S., B. N. Holben, T. F. Eck, et al. A. Smirnov, O. Dubovik, I. Slutsker, D. Tanre, G. Zibozdi, U. Lohmann, S. Ghan, R. Easter, M. Chin, P. Ginoux, T. Takemura, I. Tegen, D. Koch, R. A. Kahn, E. Vermote, L. Stowe, O. Torres, M. Mishchenko, I. Geogdzhayev, and A. Hiragushi. 2001. "How well do aerosol retrievals from satellites and representation in global circulation models match ground-based AERONET aerosol statistics?" Remote Sensing and Climate Modeling: Synergies and Limitations Dordrecht, Boston, London: 103-158.
Wulder, M. A., T. R. Loveland, D. P. Roy, et al. C. J. Crawford, J. G. Masek, C. E. Woodcock, R. G. Allen, M. C. Anderson, A. S. Belward, W. B. Cohen, J. Dwyer, A. Erb, F. Gao, P. Griffiths, D. Helder, T. Hermosilla, J. D. Hipple, P. Hostert, M. J. Hughes, J. Huntington, D. M. Johnson, R. Kennedy, A. Kilic, Z. Li, L. Lymburner, J. McCorkel, N. Pahlevan, T. A. Scambos, C. Schaaf, J. R. Schott, Y. Sheng, J. Storey, E. Vermote, J. Vogelmann, J. C. White, R. H. Wynne, and Z. Zhu. 2019. "Current status of Landsat program, science, and applications." Remote Sensing of Environment 225 127-147 [10.1016/j.rse.2019.02.015]
Kuhn, C., A. de Matos Valerio, N. Ward, et al. L. Loken, H. O. Sawakuchi, M. Kampel, J. Richey, P. Stadler, J. Crawford, R. Striegl, E. Vermote, N. Pahlevan, and D. Butman. 2019. "Performance of Landsat-8 and Sentinel-2 surface reflectance products for river remote sensing retrievals of chlorophyll-a and turbidity." Remote Sensing of Environment 224 104-118 [10.1016/j.rse.2019.01.023]
Franch, B., E. Vermote, J.-C. Roger, et al. E. Murphy, I. Becker-Reshef, C. Justice, M. Claverie, J. Nagol, I. Csiszar, D. Meyer, F. Baret, E. Masuoka, R. Wolfe, and S. Devadiga. 2017. "A 30+ Year AVHRR Land Surface Reflectance Climate Data Record and Its Application to Wheat Yield Monitoring." Remote Sensing 9 (3): 296 [10.3390/rs9030296]
Pahlevan, N., S. Sarkar, S. Devadiga, et al. R. E. Wolfe, M. Roman, E. Vermote, G. Lin, and X. Xiong. 2017. "Impact of Spatial Sampling on Continuity of MODIS–VIIRS Land Surface Reflectance Products: A Simulation Approach." IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing 55 (1): 183-196 [10.1109/tgrs.2016.2604214]
Roy, D., V. Kovalskyy, H. Zhang, et al. E. Vermote, L. Yan, S. Kumar, and A. Egorov. 2016. "Characterization of Landsat-7 to Landsat-8 reflective wavelength and normalized difference vegetation index continuity." Remote Sensing of Environment 185 57-70 [10.1016/j.rse.2015.12.024]
Vermote, E., C. Justice, M. Claverie, and B. Franch. 2016. "Preliminary analysis of the performance of the Landsat 8/OLI land surface reflectance product." Remote Sensing of Environment 185 46-56 [10.1016/j.rse.2016.04.008]
Skakun, S., B. Franch, J.-C. Roger, et al. E. Vermote, I. Becker-Reshef, C. Justice, and A. Santamaria-Artigas. 2016. "Incorporating yearly derived winter wheat maps into winter wheat yield forecasting model." 2016 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) [10.1109/igarss.2016.7730869]
Claverie, M., J. Matthews, E. Vermote, and C. Justice. 2016. "A 30+ Year AVHRR LAI and FAPAR Climate Data Record: Algorithm Description and Validation." Remote Sensing 8 (3): 263 [10.3390/rs8030263]
Morton, D. C., J. Nagol, C. C. Carabajal, et al. J. Rosette, M. Palace, B. D. Cook, E. F. Vermote, D. J. Harding, and P. R. North. 2016. "Dry-season greening of Amazon forests Reply." Nature 531 (7594): E6-E6 [10.1038/nature16458]
Claverie, M., E. F. Vermote, B. Franch, and J. G. Masek. 2015. "Evaluation of the Landsat-5 TM and Landsat-7 ETM + surface reflectance products." Remote Sensing of Environment 169 390–403 [10.1016/j.rse.2015.08.030]
Claverie, M., E. F. Vermote, B. Franch, et al. T. He, O. Hagolle, M. Kadiri, and J. G. Masek. 2015. "Evaluation of Medium Spatial Resolution BRDF-Adjustment Techniques Using Multi-Angular SPOT4 (Take5) Acquisitions." Remote Sens. 7 (9): 12057-12075 [10.3390/rs70912057]
Franch, B., E. F. Vermote, I. Becker-Reshef, et al. M. Claverie, J. Huang, J. Zhang, C. Justice, and J. A. Sobrino. 2015. "Improving the timeliness of winter wheat production forecast in the United States of America, Ukraine and China using MODIS data and NCAR Growing Degree Day information." Remote Sensing of Environment 161 131-148 [10.1016/j.rse.2015.02.014]
Nagol, J. R., J. O. Sexton, D. H. Kim, et al. A. Anand, E. F. Vermote, D. C. Morton, and J. R. Townshend. 2015. "Bidirectional effects in Landsat reflectance estimates: Is there a problem to solve?" ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing 103 129-135 [10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2014.09.006]
Breon, F., E. F. Vermote, E. Murphy, and B. Franch. 2015. "Measuring the Directional Variations of Land Surface Reflectance From MODIS." Geoscience and Remote Sensing, IEEE Transactions on 53 (8): 4638 - 4649 [10.1109/TGRS.2015.2405344]
Whitcraft, A. K., E. Vermote, I. Becker-Reshef, and C. Justice. 2015. "Cloud cover throughout the agricultural growing season: Impacts on passive optical earth observations." Remote Sensing of Environment 156 438-447 [10.1016/j.rse.2014.10.009]
Franch, B., E. F. Vermote, and M. Claverie. 2014. "Intercomparison of Landsat albedo retrieval techniques and evaluation against in situ measurements across the US SURFRAD network." Remote Sensing of Environment 152 627-637 [ doi:10.1016/j.rse.2014.07.019]
Zhou, L., Y. Tian, R. B. Myneni, et al. P. Ciais, S. Saatchi, Y. Y. Liu, S. Piao, H. Chen, E. Vermote, C. Song, and T. Hwang. 2014. "Widespread decline of Congo rainforest greenness in the past decade." Nature 509 86-90 [10.1038/nature13265]
Morton, D. C., J. Nagol, C. C. Carabajal, et al. J. Rosette, M. Palace, D. Cook, E. F. Vermote, D. Harding, and P. North. 2014. "Amazon forests maintain consistent canopy structure and greenness during the dry season." Nature 506 (7487): 221-224 [10.1038/nature13006]
Franch, B., E. F. Vermote, J. A. Sobrino, and Y. Julien. 2014. "Retrieval of surface albedo on a daily basis: Application to MODIS data." IEEE Transaction on Geoscience and Remote Sensing 52 (12): 7549-7558 [10.1109/TGRS.2014.2313842]
Nagol, J. R., E. Vermote, and S. D. Prince. 2014. "Quantification of Impact of Orbital Drift on Inter-Annual Trends in AVHRR NDVI Data." Remote Sens. 6 (7): 6680-6687 [10.3390/rs6076680]
Vermote, E., C. Justice, and I. Csiszar. 2014. "Early evaluation of the VIIRS calibration, cloud mask and surface reflectance Earth data records." Remote Sensing of Environment 148 134-145 [10.1016/j.rse.2014.03.028]
Roy, D., M. A. Wulder, T. R. Loveland, et al. C. E. Woodcock, R. G. Allen, M. C. Anderson, D. Helder, J. Irons, D. M. Johnson, R. Kennedy, T. A. Scambos, C. B. Schaaf, J. R. Schott, Y. Sheng, E. Vermote, A. S. Belward, R. Bindschadler, W. B. Cohen, F. Gao, J. D. Hipple, P. Hostert, J. Huntington, C. O. Justice, A. Kilic, V. Kovalskyy, Z. P. Lee, L. Lymburner, J. Masek, J. McCorkel, Y. Shuai, R. Trezza, J. Vogelmann, R. H. Wynne, and Z. Zhu. 2014. "Landsat-8: Science and product vision for terrestrial global change research." Remote Sensing of Environment 145 154-172 [10.1016/j.rse.2014.02.001]
Roy, D. P., Y. Qin, V. Kovalskyy, et al. E. F. Vermote, J. Ju, A. Egorov, M. Hansen, I. Kommareddy, and L. Yan. 2014. "Conterminous United States demonstration and characterization of MODIS-based Landsat ETM+ atmospheric correction." Remote Sensing of Environment 140 433-449 [10.1016/j.rse.2013.09.012]
Yeo, I.-Y., M. Lang, and E. Vermote. 2014. "Improved Understanding of Suspended Sediment Transport Process Using Multi-Temporal Landsat Data: A Case Study From the Old Woman Creek Estuary (Ohio)." IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth Observations Remote Sensing 7 (2): 636-647 [10.1109/JSTARS.2013.2265191]
Franch, B., E. Vermote, J. A. Sobrino, and E. Fedele. 2013. "Analysis of directional effects on atmospheric correction." Remote Sensing of Environment 128 276-288 [10.1016/j.rse.2012.10.018]
O'Connell, J., J. Connolly, E. Vermote, and N. M. Holden. 2013. "Radiometric normalization for change detection in peatlands: a modified temporal invariant cluster approach." International Journal of Remote Sensing 34 (8): 2905-2924 [10.1080/01431161.2012.752886]
Vadrevu, K., I. Csiszar, E. Ellicott, et al. L. Giglio, K. S. Badarinath, E. Vermote, and C. Justice. 2013. "Hotspot Analysis of Vegetation Fires and Intensity in the Indian Region." IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth Observations Remote Sensing 6 (1): 224-238 [10.1109/JSTARS.2012.2210699]
Sobrino, J. A., B. Franch, R. Oltra-Carrio, E. Vermote, and E. Fedele. 2013. "Evaluation of the MODIS Albedo product over a heterogeneous agricultural area." International Journal of Remote Sensing 34 (15): 5530-5540 [10.1080/01431161.2013.792968]
Verger, A., F. Baret, M. Weiss, S. Kandasamy, and E. Vermote. 2013. "The CACAO Method for Smoothing, Gap Filling, and Characterizing Seasonal Anomalies in Satellite Time Series." IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing 51 (4): 1963-1972 [10.1109/TGRS.2012.2228653]
Feng, M., J. O. Huang, C. Huang, et al. J. Masek, E. Vermote, F. Gao, R. Narasimhan, S. Channan, R. Wolfe, and J. R. Townshend. 2013. "Global surface reflectance products from Landsat: Assessment using coincident MODIS observations." Remote Sensing of Environment 134 276-293 [10.1016/j.rse.2013.02.031]
Claverie, M., E. Vermote, M. Weiss, et al. F. Baret, O. Hagolle, and V. Demarez. 2013. "Validation of coarse spatial resolution LAI and FAPAR time series over cropland in southwest France." Remote Sensing of Environment 139 216-230 [10.1016/j.rse.2013.07.027]
Justice, C., M. O. Roman, I. Csiszar, et al. E. Vermote, R. E. Wolfe, S. J. Hook, M. Friedl, Z. Wang, C. B. Schaaf, T. Miura, M. Tschudi, G. Riggs, D. K. Hall, A. I. Lyapustin, S. Devadiga, C. C. Davidson, and E. J. Masuoka. 2013. "Land and cryosphere products from Suomi NPP VIIRS: Overview and status." J. Geophys. Res. Atmos. 118 (17): 9753-9765 [10.1002/jgrd.50771]
Tan, B., R. E. Wolfe, F. Gao, et al. E. Vermote, J. O. Sexton, and G. A. Ederer. 2013. "Improved forest change detection with terrain illumination corrected Landsat images." Remote Sensing of Environment 136 469–483 [10.1016/j.rse.2013.05.013]
Samanta, A., S. Ganguly, E. Vermote, R. Nemani, and R. Myneni. 2012. "Why Is Remote Sensing of Amazon Forest Greenness So Challenging?" Earth Interact. 16 (7): 1-14 [10.1175/2012EI440.1]
Ju, J., D. P. Roy, E. Vermote, J. Masek, and V. Kovalskyy. 2012. "Continental-scale validation of MODIS-based and LEDAPS Landsat ETM+ atmospheric correction methods." Remote Sensing of Environment 122 175-184 [10.1016/j.rse.2011.12.025]
Ganguly, S., R. R. Nemani, Z. Gong, et al. H. Hashimoto, C. Milesi, A. Michaelis, W. Wang, P. Votava, A. Samanta, F. Melton, J. Dungan, E. Vermote, F. Gao, Y. Knyazikhin, and R. Myneni. 2012. "Generating global Leaf Area Index from Landsat: Algorithm formulation and demonstration." Remote Sensing of Environment 122 185-205 [10.1016/j.rse.2011.10.032]
Wang, D., D. Morton, J. Masek, et al. A. Wu, J. Nagol, J. Xiong, R. Levy, E. Vermote, and R. Wolfe. 2012. "Impact of sensor degradation on the MODIS NDVI time series." Remote Sensing of Environment 119 55-61 [10.1016/j.rse.2011.12.001]
Fenga, M., C. Huang, S. Channan, et al. E. Vermote, J. Masek, and J. Townshend. 2012. "Quality assessment of Landsat surface reflectance products using MODIS data." Computers & Geosciences 38 (1): 9-22 [10.1016/j.cageo.2011.04.011]
Vadrevu, K., E. Ellicott, L. Giglio, et al. K. V. Badarinath, E. Vermote, C. Justice, and W. K. Lau. 2012. "Vegetation fires in the himalayan region – Aerosol load, black carbon emissions and smoke plume heights." Atmospheric Environment 47 241–251 [10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.11.009]
Samanta, A., S. Ganguly, E. Vermote, R. Nemani, and R. Myneni. 2012. "Interpretation of variations in MODIS-measured greenness levels of Amazon forests during 2000 to 2009." Environ. Res. Lett. 7 (2): 024018 [10.1088/1748-9326/7/2/024018]
Townshend, J., J. G. Masek, C. Q. Huang, et al. E. F. Vermote, F. Gao, S. Channan, J. O. Sexton, M. Feng, R. Narasimhan, D. Kim, K. Song, D. X. Song, X. P. Song, P. Noojipady, B. Tan, M. C. Hansen, M. X. Li, and R. E. Wolfe. 2012. "Global characterization and monitoring of forest cover using Landsat data: opportunities and challenges." International Journal of Digital Earth 5 (5): 373-397 [10.1080/17538947.2012.713190]
Xiong, J., R. E. Wolfe, W. Barnes, et al. B. Guenther, E. Vermote, and V. V. Salomonson. 2011. "Terra and Aqua MODIS Design, Radiometry, and Geometry in Support of Land Remote Sensing." Land Remote Sensing and Global Environmental Change 11 133-164 [10.1007/978-1-4419-6749-7_7]
Becker-Reshef, I., C. Justice, M. Sullivan, et al. E. Vermote, C. Tucker, A. Anyamba, J. Small, E. Pak, E. Masuoka, J. Schmaltz, M. Hansen, K. Pittman, C. M. Birkett, D. Williams, C. Reynolds, and B. Doorn. 2010. "Monitoring Global Croplands with Coarse Resolution Earth Observations: The Global Agriculture Monitoring (GLAM) Project." Remote Sensing 2 (6): 1589-1609 [10.3390/rs2061589]
Samanta, A., S. Ganguly, H. Hashimoto, et al. S. Devadiga, E. F. Vermote, Y. Knyazikhin, R. Nemani, and R. Myneni. 2010. "Amazon forests did not green-up during the 2005 drought." Geophys Res Lett 37 (5): L05401 [10.1029/2009GL042154]
Huang, C., S. Goward, J. Masek, et al. F. Gao, E. F. Vermote, N. Thomas, K. Schleeweis, R. Kennedy, Z. Zhu, J. Eidenshink, and J. R. Townshend. 2009. "Development of time series stacks of Landsat images for reconstructing forest disturbance history." International Journal of Digital Earth 2 (3): 195-218 [10.1080/17538940902801614]
Vermote, E. F., C. Justice, and F. Breon. 2009. "Towards a Generalized Approach for Correction of the BRDF Effect in MODIS Directional Reflectances." IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing 47 (3): 898-908 [10.1109/TGRS.2008.2005977]
Ellicott, E., E. F. Vermote, F. Petitcolin, and S. Hook. 2009. "Validation of a New Parametric Model for Atmospheric Correction of Thermal Infrared Data." IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing 47 (1): 295-311 [10.1109/TGRS.2008.2006182]
Eck, T. F., B. N. Holben, J. Reid, et al. A. Siniuk, E. Hyer, N. O'Neil, G. Shaw, J. R. Vande Castle, F. Chapin, O. Dubovik, A. Smirnov, E. F. Vermote, J. S. Schafer, D. M. Giles, I. Slutsker, M. Sorokin, and W. Newcomb. 2009. "Optical properties of boreal region biomass burning aerosols in central Alaska and seasonal variation of aerosol optical depth at an Arctic coastal site." J. Geophys. Res. 114 (D11): D11201 [10.1029/2008JD010870]
Vermote, E., E. Ellicott, O. Dubovik, et al. T. Lapyonok, M. Chin, L. Giglio, and G. Roberts. 2009. "An approach to estimate global biomass burning emissions of organic and black carbon from MODIS fire radiative power." J. Geophys. Res. 114 (D18): D18205 [10.1029/2008JD011188]
Kotchenova, S., E. F. Vermote, R. C. Levy, and A. I. Lyapustin. 2008. "Radiative transfer codes for atmospheric correction and aerosol retrieval: intercomparison study." Applied Optics 47 (13): 2215 [10.1364/AO.47.002215]
Vermote, E., and S. Kotchenova. 2008. "Atmospheric correction for the monitoring of land surfaces." J. Geophys. Res. 113 (D23): D23S90 [10.1029/2007JD009662]
Levy, R. C., R. C. Levy, S. Mattoo, E. F. Vermote, and Y. Kaufman. 2007. "Second-generation operational algorithm: Retrieval of aerosol properties over land from inversion of Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer spectral reflectance." J Geophys Res 112 (D13211): 21 pp [10.1029/2006JD007815]
Sinyuk, A., O. Dubovik, B. Holben, et al. T. Eck, F. Breon, J. Martonchik, R. Kahn, D. Diner, E. Vermote, Y. Kaurman, J. Roger, T. Lapyonok, and I. Slutsker. 2007. "Simultaneous retrieval of aerosol and surface properties from a combination of AERONET and satellite data." Remote Sensing of Environment 107 (1-2): 90-108 [10.1016/j.rse.2006.07.022]
Myneni, R., W. Yang, R. Nemani, et al. A. Huete, R. Dickinson, Y. Knyazikhin, K. Didan, R. Fu, R. I. Juárez, S. Saatchi, H. Hashimoto, K. Ichii, N. Shabanov, B. Tan, P. Ratana, J. Privette, J. Morisette, E. F. Vermote, D. P. Roy, R. E. Wolfe, M. Friedl, S. Running, P. Votava, N. El-Saleous, S. Devadiga, Y. Su, and V. V. Salomonson. 2007. "Large seasonal swings in leaf area of Amazon rainforests." PNAS 104 (12): 4820-4823 [10.1073/pnas.0611338104]
Vermote, E., J. Roger, A. Sinyuk, N. Saleous, and O. Dubovik. 2007. "Fusion of MODIS-MISR aerosol inversion for estimation of aerosol absorption." Remote Sens Environ 107 81-89
Vermote, E. F., and N. Z. Saleous. 2006. "Calibration of NOAA16 AVHRR over a desert site using MODIS data." Remote Sens Environ 105 (3): 214-220 [10.1016/j.rse.2006.06.015]
Masek, J. G., E. F. Vermote, N. Z. Saleous, et al. R. E. Wolfe, F. G. Hall, K. F. Huemmrich, F. Gao, J. L. Kutler, and T. Lim. 2006. "A Landsat Surface Reflectance Dataset for North America, 1990–2000." IEEE Geosci. Remote Sensing Lett. 3 (1): 68-72 [10.1109/LGRS.2005.857030]
Remer, L. A., Y. Kaufman, D. Tanré, et al. S. Mattoo, D. Chu, J. Martins, R. Li, C. M. Ichoku, R. C. Levy, R. G. Kleidman, T. F. Eck, E. F. Vermote, and B. N. Holben. 2005. "The MODIS aerosol algorithm, products, and validation." J Atmos Sci 62 (4): 947-973 [10.1175/JAS3385.1]
Li, R., L. Remer, Y. Kaufman, et al. S. Mattoo, B. Gao, and E. Vermote. 2005. "Snow and Ice Mask for the MODIS Aerosol Products." IEEE Geo and Rem Sens Lett 2 (3): 306-310
Gatebe, C. K., M. D. King, S. Platnick, et al. G. T. Arnold, E. F. Vermote, and B. Schmid. 2003. "Airborne spectral measurements of surface–atmosphere anisotropy for several surfaces and ecosystems over southern Africa." J. Geophys. Res. 108 (D13): 8489 [10.1029/2002JD002397]
Justice, C. O., J. R. Townshend, E. F. Vermote, et al. E. J. Masuoka, R. E. Wolfe, N. Saleous, D. P. Roy, and J. T. Morisette. 2002. "An overview of MODIS Land data processing and product status." Remote Sensing of Environment 83 (1-2): 3-15 [10.1016/S0034-4257(02)00084-6]
Wolfe, R. E., D. P. Roy, and E. F. Vermote. 1998. "MODIS land data storage, gridding, and compositing methodology: Level 2 grid." IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing 36 (4): 1324-1338 [10.1109/36.701082]
Justice, C. O., E. Vermote, J. R. Townshend, et al. R. Defries, D. Roy, D. K. Hall, V. V. Salomonson, J. L. Privette, G. A. Riggs, A. Strahler, W. Lucht, R. B. Myneni, Y. Knyazikhin, S. W. Running, R. R. Nemani, Z. Wan, A. R. Huete, W. van Leeuwen, R. E. Wolfe, L. Giglio, J. Muller, P. Lewis, and M. J. Barnsley. 1998. "The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS): Land Remote Sensing for Global Change Research." IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing 36 (4): 1228-1249 [10.1109/36.701075]
Kinne, S., B. N. Holben, T. F. Eck, et al. A. Smirnov, O. Dubovik, I. Slutsker, D. Tanre, G. Zibozdi, U. Lohmann, S. Ghan, R. Easter, M. Chin, P. Ginoux, T. Takemura, I. Tegen, D. Koch, R. A. Kahn, E. Vermote, L. Stowe, O. Torres, M. Mishchenko, I. Geogdzhayev, and A. Hiragushi. 2001. "How well do aerosol retrievals from satellites and representation in global circulation models match ground-based AERONET aerosol statistics?" Remote Sensing and Climate Modeling: Synergies and Limitations 103-158

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Scholarships are provided to students who are financially weak. There are merit-based scholarships and sports-scholarships.
Around 90 students got a scholarship from my batch.
Indian overseas bank is located within the premises of the college for any banking needs.
My college is great when it comes to infrastructure. We have one building for first-year students. Then it is divided into departments where each department is allocated with a separate building.
We have a cool Library which also has a Mac lab.
Automobile and aeronautical students have great labs in which they have their own custom-made planes and cars.
We have 3 hostels.2 for boys and 1 for girls. And Food in the college hostel is average.
There are several PGs and apartments around college where price is also reasonable.
There are several restaurants around college which offer multiple cuisines.
Some Popular service based Companies like Infosys, TCS, CTS visit our campus and rarely some product based Companies Like Amazon visit. Some Bpo's visit late during the placement season.
The average salary is around 3-4 LPA. Highest would around 6 LPA. Around 50% of a batch would be placed.
Students can join internships during the final semester.
Eligible Criteria to join b.tech was to have 50% in my Higher Secondary.
I took HITSEEE their own entrance exam to help me get admitted in the course.
Mostly everyone will be admitted to most of the courses given that they have the minimum eligibility.
Aeronautical and Automobile Courses need significantly higher marks since they are the best courses offered in our college.
There are lots of clubs in which every student can participate. Dance, photography club, Art club are available. And lots of importance on cultural and sports events can be notified. In general, the college life will be filled with fun, knowledgeable, healthy environment.
The infrastructure of the University is excellent. Hostel foods are good as if homemade. Nearby Andhra PGs are available in low cost. The quality of labs is good. And the library has the vast collection of knowledgeable books.
Morning 9 am to 5 pm is the class timing. The quality of teaching is very good and overall you can get a practical knowledge and different experience.
The course fee is INR 3.5 lakh per year. You will get a scholarship based on your performance in your higher secondary. 300 students averagely getting the scholarship. Education loans can easily be availed in HDFC bank.
You will get internship course in Mysore aviation which is part of our university and u can get an internship in TAAL, Hosur. The average salary is INR 3.5 Lakh/ annum. The Alumni is Excellent and instruments for education purpose is good.
I've yet get admission Still yet to come Would love to have a beautiful campus and greeny surroundings still looking forward to it.
Quality of classrooms are very high rates and still yet to discover When I looked through the brochure they said hostel mess is quite delicious and healthy.
Still yet to get through the college I heard it's way too great and one of the prestigious college.
Around INR 9lakhs Scholarships I don't have any still haven't applied any and don't know about scholarships in HITS.
Keys recruiters are Infosys HCL TCS Airforce Alumni is network is considerably week on our campus. It's is known for its labs for aeronautical engineering and aerospace segment.
Daily routines are not so hectic Teaching is good Overall experience is good.
There is a wide variety of companies that come to our college to hire freshers majority of which are IT, Banking, Management, Govt.etc Stipend ranges from 20k to 200k per month with various offers to avail A well-communicated network of University that keeps a record of its alumni.
Sports and cultural events are very famous in Hindustan. The life in college is enjoyable.
Class timings are from 9:00 Am to 4:30 PM. Quality of teaching is average in my perspective.The overall experience is good.
The course fees are INR 1,85,000/year. There were many scholarships are there for students, if your overall marks in academic are more than 50% then you will be eligible for the scholarship.
The internships will be provided by the college. The companies that hire on campus are IT, Manufacturing.Finance and sales. Average salary figures are about INR 20000/month.
There are many clubs and associations on campus and the main festivals are cultural and sports fests. The college life is simply superb.
There are many hotels near to campus and hostels fee is about INR 4,000 per month. PG's outside the college charge INR 3000 per month and the food is good which cost INR 50 per meal.
My course fee is INR 2 lakhs per annum. Average No of students who get the scholarship is INR 3000. Educational loans are provided by SBI bank.
There are many companies offers job through campus placements. The salary package varies from INR 5-25 lakhs per annum.
No internships had done yet. No stipend. IT COMPANIES are hiring many students from mechanical, CSE branch but with fewer packages. Average salary: INR 2.8lakhs per annum every year. Highest salary: INR 10lakhs per annum 2017 batch from mechanical and automobile.
There are many hotels near to campus and hostels fee is about INR 4,000 per month. PG's outside the college charge INR 3,00,0 per month and the food is good which cost INR 50 per meal.
Class and projects are given in classes. Timings are 8:30 am to 3:30 pm. Teaching quality is very good.
My course fee at Hindustan University, Chennai is INR 2 lakhs per annum. Average No of students who get the scholarship is 3000. Educational loans are provided by SBI bank.
I have not done any internship. Key companies such as Volkswagen, Bosch, and Royal Enfield do come on the campuses for recruitment. Average package is INR 2.5 lakh to INR 11 lakh per annum.
I don't know much about the hostel facility. Infrastructure is awesome.


Today we started our day with another fulfilling breakfast. After this we continued to work on Wynchemna TV. We are making a whole program to watch! We have weather, news, gossip and much more! After this we headed to lunch so we could fuel up for our big hike – Grouse grind ! This hike is the equivalent to walking up the CN tower one and a half times, that's a lot of stairs. The mountain called us and we all answered, as we trudged up the steps to see the best view of Vancouver. At the top we were awaited by snacks and a lovely grizzly bear habitat. They are so cute when they are sleeping. After we took enough selfies at the top we loaded into the gondola for a relaxing ride down. Though the smell was that great – gross! After this we enjoyed some delicious sandwiches, boy did we need those calories. After this we were all pretty tuckered our so we enjoyed a Wynchemna tradition, Spa night ! Face masks, pores strips and massages. What an amazing end to the day. We can't wait for Granville island tomorrow !


Are you interested in getting straighter teeth, but are not ready to walk around for a year with traditional metal braces on your teeth? If so, you may want to consider tray aligners to help straighten out your teeth. Here at bluedot dental, we specialize in Invisalign. Call us to find out more!
Invisalign allows you to get the straight, gorgeous smile you have always wanted, while allowing you to avoid those unsightly metal brackets that scream adolescence. With Invisalign, you use a series of trays that shift your teeth into the location that is best for them to be in, over the course of 6-18 months, on average. Each tray moves the teeth slightly more, and the final trays are meant to hold your teeth in place and let them stop shifting. They are typically much less painful than traditional braces, too!
Once all is said and done, you will have a final set of tray that holds your teeth in their final position long enough for them to settle into place. Then, when you remove your Invisalign trays, you don't have to worry about your teeth shifting back. Call us today at bluedot dental and find out what your smile could look like with Invisalign!
When you want to get started with Invisalign, you simply have to come in and see us here at bluedot dental. We need to take a look at the current state of your mouth, and figure out if you would benefit the way you want from Invisalign. Then, if your mouth is a good candidate, we will set up your first set of trays, which are quite similar to where your teeth are currently located.
From there, additional trays are created by comparing where you are now to where you want your smile to be. Then, a set of trays that will be changed out about every two weeks are formulated, putting slightly different pressures on your teeth to get them toward their final destination. You wear the trays for around two weeks, unless Dr. Jeziorski tells you otherwise, then switch up to the next set of trays. This continues until you have achieved the look you were going for.
"Amazing customer service, they made everything more than bearable and were super supportive in their care. So patient, even when I had to take breaks. Can't say enough great things!"
"Really appreciate the service & friendly atmosphere. State of the art equipment had me in and out, crown done! Highly recommend the practice!"
"Very friendly staff. Professional atmosphere. I would highly recommend!"
"Staff is awesome! Everyone is friendly and compassionate. You will feel like family. I suggest you give him a try, I guarantee you will not regret it!"


text:
Emmerson Mnangagwa disappears from the country
By Staff Reporter on November 6, 2017
There are unconfirmed reports suggesting that the former vice president of the Republic of Zimbabwe Emmerson Mnangagwa has skipped the country.
Mnangagwa was fired from government and the ruling party this afternoon.
It not clear where he might have disappeared to.
According to a statement by Zanu-PF spokesperson Simon Khaya Moyo, Mnangagwa was fired for being disloyalty and little probity in the execution of duties.
More to follow…
Emmerson MnangagwaSimon Khaya Moyo


text:
Q: Guest Additions won't install in Windows 98 I'm trying to set up file sharing between my Mac OS and Windows 98. I think the reason it's not working at the moment is that I haven't installed Guest Additions.
However, Guest Additions .iso is attached in Media Manager. It also looks fine in settings (see screengrabs, correct me if I'm wrong).
Settings:

In the virtual machine it doesn't automatically run, and if I try to manually run it nothing happens.
Bottom two .exe files don't run in W98, top .exe does nothing if you click on it:

Any ideas?

A: VirtualBox Guest Additions don't exist for Windows 98.
VirtualBox Guest Additions work fine for Windows XP.
Modern Macs do not support SMB Network sharing with pre-XP operating systems like Windows 98 (my old Leopard machine did it fine, my new Mavericks machine won't do it at all), otherwise, you could switch on sharing with your Win98 virtual machine, and access files on there in OSX's Finder.
So what's the work around?
Make a WinXP virtual machine.
Either just use that instead, and use the Guest Additions to share files;
Or use WinXP as a middleman - and network your Win98 VM with your WinXP VM, and copy your files from Win98 to WinXP and then to OSX.
Most Win98 programs run fine in WinXP, so most people just use WinXP with Guest Additions, and leave it at that.

A: Andrew is right. VirtualBox Guest Additions don't exist for Windows 98, even if it exists there is no easy way to install it. And without Guest Addition shared folder will not going to work.
(when I try to execute the guest addition executable, its just throw error)

There is no such issue with the Windows XP virtual machine.

A: Currently, Guest Additions does not support Windows 98, only NT-based versions of Windows are supported. I hope this gets fixed soon. (Windows 98 is not NT-based. And also, any version of Windows that came after 2000, excluding ME, is definitely NT-based. So is NT, obviously.)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


There are two major hormones that affect weight gain and loss, Leptin and Insulin.
Leptin governs appetite, insulin controls glucose (and by effect fat metabolism).
The brain uses leptin to determine how much fat we have. If it thinks that there is too much it will suppress appetite, increase body temperature, make us fidgety, and all sorts of things to burn off the excess fat. If it thinks there is too little then we will feel hungry.
We get fat because of two problems, either leptin is not being secreted (rare condition), or leptin is not being received by the brain (leptin resistance common problem).
Hypothalamus (in the brain) may not receive leptin if there is something wrong with it.
There are two known ways in which this happens, leptin receptors becoming bad because some sugars get attached to them or there is inflammation.
Glucose normally does not attach easily, but other sugars like fructose (in sugar or fruits), galactose (milk) attach readily to these receptors. Artificial sweeteners are also not safe. It is better to cure the sweet tooth than trying to seek replacements.
Omega 6 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) is used to provide inflammatory signaling in the body. Omega3's provide anti-inflammatory signaling. When the two are equal in concentration then our body works best. If there is too much difference, then we get problems. Its not easy to get Omega 3. We are getting huge amounts of Omega 6 from our vegetable refined oils. Just look at their PUFA ratios, eg suffola contains 54% Omega 6 and 7% Omega 3.
The bad ratio can cause a lot of problems, including inflammation of hypothalamus.
If you have got leptin resistance, then you will get fat, and the fat gets deposited around the liver and other organs.
The fat deposition interferes with Livers well being. Liver being the main organ that controls metabolism, we get what is called metabolic syndrome. This causes the beginning of Insulin resistance.
Insulin's main job is to tell all cells to store glucose and other nutrients. When glucose is high, insulin is secreted to reduce the glucose levels. It also tells the cells to stop using fat, so that glucose level can be reduced more efficiently. Our body does not like glucose levels to be high at all. The total glucose in the blood should be less than 5 gms.
Glucose is not a problem for people who don't have insulin resistance. You can know this if you get your PP blood sugar (2 hours after eating rice) and it is around 80. Don't do this test after eating some slow digesting carbs like whole wheat. You will not get the best results.
To lose fat you want to keep your insulin down for a long time, so that the body can use fat.
The solution is to eat less number of times (not more than 3 times, no snacking in between). Also eat less amount of carbs, and eat simple starches, like potatoes and rice, rather than complex ones which will keep the insulin high for a longer time.
In addition you can skip meals ie fasting. It is also very good to skip carbs in a meal entirely if you can eat only meat at a meal.
1) Get rid of all high omega 6 sources, like refined oil, large quantities of nuts (cashews and almonds are OK).
2) Use low Omega 6 sources like Desi Ghee (vegetable ghee like Dalda are poisons), Coconut oil, Olive Oil.
3) Use high Omega 6 but with nearly equal amount of Omega 3 oils like mustard oil or Canola oil. Avoid cooking with these ;-), as PUFA are unstable.
4) Supplement Omega 3 to fix the imbalance by eating some fish (oil). Flax seeds are not very useful, but possible for vegetarians.
5) Get rid of concentrated sources of fructose like commercial drinks including fruit juices, coke etc.
6) Reduce consumption of sweet fruits like Apple, Pineapple, Melons, etc. They are bad in excess.
7) Eat at most 3 times a day, no snacks in between.
8) Skip meals, when not feeling hungry or deliberately if you can handle it.
9) Eat more fat and less carbs at each meal.
10) If non-vegetarian sometimes skip carbs completely, by eating only a meat diet.
11) It is useful to eat more protein when wanting to lose fat, as protein helps by satiating and forcing the body to use fat.
Weight training can be used to increase metabolic rate by building muscle mass and increase insulin sensitivity by burning excess glycogen. Both will help in reducing fat. Sprints and high intensity training also help the same way. Treadmills don't help and are bad for the knees. The best way to exercise does not require machines. A Bar and weights are all that you need. Squat and Deadlift are the best exercises.
Calorie in Calorie out is good in theory, but in practice it does not work. Our body's energy requirement is not constant. It increases and decreases with food availability. The trick is not to give it less food, but to fix the system which manages fat.
Hi. I wanted mention that vegans can get quality omega 3 (EPA and DHA as opposed to the ALA offered by flax) in pill form. There's a company out there, v-pure, that offers algae-based omega 3. No I'm not associated with them in any way and they are more expensive than fish oil but I am leery of just getting ALA omega 3 due to low conversion rates to EPA and DHA.


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Sigiloso1776
Illinois gun control group sends out alert to "red flag" minorities?!?!?!?
Sure as hell looks like it! It almost appears that they are trying to alert family members of new minority gun owners (since they're the largest growing demographic of legal gun owners due to COVID and social unrest) that this tool is available:
https://www.dearevanston.org/post/know-about-fro-firearms-restraining-order-in-illinois-can-help-save-lives
People for a Safer Society is a non-profit grassroots gun violence prevention organization that focuses on gun-violence prevention education, awareness, and advocacy. One of our current initiatives is making sure that Illinois residents are aware of FRO - a life-saving law that can help curb gun violence NOW.
As we all struggle to respond to the many challenges 2020 has brought, some challenges have become more deadly as the year has progressed.
Black and Brown people have long been disproportionately plagued by gun violence. This isn't news. But the situation has worsened considerably since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Gun sales in Illinois have greatly increased since March. With increased gun sales comes the inevitable rise in gun violence, be it domestic gun violence, suicides, homicides, or accidental shootings.
As reported by Everytown for Gun Safety, "As the coronavirus has rolled across the country, its virulent impact has not been evenly felt. Black Americans are nearly twice as likely as white Americans to die from COVID-19. They are more than four times as likely to die from firearm homicide. City gun violence has persisted even amidst shelter-in-place orders. Systemic and structural discrimination against communities of color is resulting in these communities disproportionately experiencing the deadly effects of both public health crises."
While this double health crisis looms, we want to inform Illinois residents about the Firearms Restraining Order (FRO) which went into effect in January of 2019. This law can help to temporarily remove firearms from people who pose a danger to themselves or others.
Illinois is one of 19 states to have a law like this - sometimes called Extreme Risk Protection Orders (ERPO) or "red-flag laws."
Studies have shown that these laws reduce gun violence in the states where they exist. But they only work if people use them.
Why is a FRO needed?
Some individuals in crisis and at risk of harming themselves or others may not be prohibited from purchasing or possessing firearms because:
-- They haven't been convicted of a prohibitory crime;
-- They aren't subject to a domestic violence restraining order; or
-- They don't meet the criteria for an involuntary hospitalization civil commitment for mental health treatment, or, if they do, family members are hesitant to commit their loved ones.
A FRO offers family members and law enforcement a judicial pathway for temporarily removing firearms and prohibiting future gun purchases. While a FRO is in effect, an individual in crisis can safely access help and care that could stop a violent situation from occurring.
Visit Speak for Safety Illinois for detailed information about how people can get a FRO by clicking here: speakforsafetyil.org
There are also downloadable and printable resources to share widely by clicking here: speakforsafetyil.org/resources.
We hope that sharing this information will help save lives in our communities.
Ok, first of all, most black people killed in inner cities like are killed with guns used by gang members. Red flag laws won't affect that, as the guns are usually "illegal" or stolen anyways (criminal gang members don't have valid FOID cards, which is required to buy/own a gun in Illinois). Secondly, this is clearly meant to target LEGAL minority gun owners in Illinois (those who have FOID cards who have recently purchased their firearm legally).
Once again, gun control groups focus on LEGAL gun owners, not the violent people committing the violence.
Intercepted dispatches: whistleblower foils anti-gun IL county board member plan
Sheriffs tell ATF to F off
Nullification of IL AWB begins


I was shocked when I saw this.
I honestly thought my eyes were playing tricks on me.
Low and behold though, they were actually there. Singing "Somewhere over the rainbow". It added some romantic appeal to my day, and before I knew it, I was singing with the surfboards in harmony.
Just when I thought I'd seen the most bizarre thing humanely possible in pink canaries singing, I saw 10 elephants with Albanian marathon riding them..
It was actually quite a pretty site. The elephants weren't aggressive and the runners looked like they were in paradise.
How did I know they were Albanian?
But not just any type of grass. Seriously the greenest, brightest, prettiest grass you've ever seen. Prettier than the fake grass you'll see in the green section of an indoor golf course, only this grass was 100% real and authentic.
If only I'd known supplements were going to be there, I would have visited the Lost City years ago! I saw containers of moisturizer, blush, concealer, collagen and cucumber!
I'm not sure how they all got there, but I saw about 100 wrist-watches every 15 meters. Each one a different brand. I think the previous inhabitants had some sort of watch fetish or something. There's honestly no other explanation I can think of. I grabbed a few Daniel Wellington's and stuffed them into my prada bag.
There were many pairs of shoes there, but no socks! How did the inhabitants run without getting blisters and calluses on their feet?
Unfortunately I couldn't take any of these shoes home with me, because I'm a size 11.
Now I'm not much of an art lover myself, but at the same time I can appreciate a good painting. I swear the styles of paintings differed depending on whether you were from the north or the south of France. The north was more of a contemporaneous, post-modern form of art, whereas the south was more of an Italian-influenced monogamous style.
The funny thing was though, that the paintings weren't hanging up anywhere. They were just lying on the ground face up!
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We would like to extend our sincere thanks to everyone who attended the 2019 aSa Software Forum. We truly appreciate you being with us in Pittsburgh for this special occasion. Please take a few minutes to complete our follow-up survey so that we can continue to grow and improve our events.


Finance Minister Yanis Varoufakis is heading to the Eurogroup meeting of the euro area's finance ministers on Monday with six proposals aimed at appeasing them. In an effort to reach a compromise, he is pulling back the proposal for a 50% haircut from the settlement of debts in 100 installments because budget deficits are already at 1 bln euros per month and the fiscal gap in April is already estimated to be at 3 bln euros.
In February, the 1-bln-euro fiscal gap in tax revenue for January not only wasn't covered but practically doubled with the government now focused on proposing reforms to present to its international creditors aimed at dealing with the humanitarian crisis at a cost of 200-250 mln euros just for starters.
Greece's creditors aren't negative concerning food and power to vulnerable households but want these to be counterbalanced with other measures, especially considering the government's abolition of the 5-euro fee for every hospital visit. On its part, the government hopes that it can fund its humanitarian program with cost-saving to occur through the better administration and modernization of the public sector with introduction of various measures e.g. "smart" citizen cards, etc.
No more "haircuts" are being discussed, but the 100-installments settlement for overdue debts hope to gain revenue for the government.
The government wants to commit to an independent General Secretariat of Public Revenue, but wants the group's responsibilities to be cut and moved to the political leadership of the ministry. Brussels is concerned regarding this decision.
This is viewed as a government "trick" that merely takes the current Fiscal Council that already exists and is renamed the Tax Council, an institution whose existence the International Monetary Fund (IMF) has demanded from other countries, such as Romania.
The body targeting tax audits will have the participate of private offices (lawyers etc.) as recommended by the Task Force and 500-800 foreign tax auditors. It is an idea that the the finance ministers of Germany, France and the UK have already suggested to Varoufakis.


RBX would like to congratulate Carl Counts for reaching 1,000,000 accident free miles with us. Carl has been an outstanding driver for us for almost 10 years! Congratulations and thanks for all you have done! Carl will receive a plaque with his name and achievement, a customized 1 million miler sticker for his truck, and a custom Letterman's jacket from RBX!


Take a Shot – Get your Bracket and Play!
Well the Madness of March has started again. Join in the fun by submitting a bracket to Robinson Noble's 5th annual tournament contest. It's free to play. Simply fill in a bracket and send it to rpowell [at] robinson-noble.com or amckeag [at] robinson-noble.com. If you didn't receive a bracket in your email, you can download one here. Brackets are due no later than 8:00 AM, Thursday, March 19th. Late Entries will be accepted, however, you will not get credit for the games that have started when the entry was received. We'll be updating the results right here on our blog.
Please note that Robinson Noble employees and family members may also participate, but will compete for a separate, Company-sponsored prize.
We'd like to thank Chilli Head for providing the basketball hoop photo under a Creative Commons license.


This lovely colour mix is even cosy to look at and if you're a fan of reds & purples you can't go wrong. Generous and warm, our lovely cashmere scarves come in a great range of colours from bright & cheerful to subtle and classic. Every scarf is made from a different cashmere jumper so, although they are made in colour themes, each one is unique & luxuriously soft. Each scarf measures approximately 1.5m x 18cm. All our cashmere products are machine washable on a cold setting.


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Q: Pythonic way for check and poll mechanism What is the pythonic way of checking if multiple sub strings are present in the string?
For eg. I'm doing poll and check on the download status through API. The API returns status as "Download complete", "x% Downloaded" or "Installing".
Now, I want to check if 'downloaded' and 'installing' strings are present in status returned by API and if not, raise exception. I have implemented this by very novice way.
if api_object.status == 'Download Complete'  :
        break

elif 'Downloaded' in api_object.status.split():
        time.sleep(interval)

elif 'Downloaded' not in api_object.status.split() or \
'Installing' not in api_object.status.split():
        raise Exception("Error")

I would like to know any better approaches for comparison.
Thanks in advance.

A: A slightly more compact version:
if api_object.status == 'Download Complete':
    break
elif 'Downloaded' in api_object.status:
    time.sleep(interval)
elif 'Installing' not in api_object.status:
    raise Exception("Error")

A: I don't know if your code is "pythonic" or not, but it is easy to understand and that's what matters most, even if it is a bit longer. Check the following "more pythonic" way:
....
elif all([(x not in status) for x in ['Downloaded', 'Installing'] ]):
....

does it read better?

A: How about:
status = api_object.status.partition(" ");
try:
    action = {
        "Downloaded": doA
        "Complete": doB
        "Installing": doC
    }[status[2] or status[0]]
except KeyError:
    # unknown status
    raise
action();

Using a dict is a common idiom in python to replace a missing switch-statement. doA through doC shall be callables, which you call in the last line. Using the partition(sep) method and the or operator, one can easily pick the correct part of the string: If it exists, one gets the part behind the space, otherwise one gets the whole string.
One should note though, that caching the dictionary might be useful in a performance critical application to safe time for hashing the keys and building the dict.
For case insensitive matching, one would call lower() on the status string (before partition) and put the keys to lower case.
In this particular case, a break is required. One could do this by allowing the callable to return a boolean value, which, if True, triggers a break or a similar approach.

A: Here is my code :
if 'Download Complete'  == api_object.status:
    break
if 'Installing' == api_object.status:
    continue
if api_object.status and api_object.status.endswith('Downloaded'):
    time.sleep(interval)
else:
    raise Exception("Error")