text:
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The Giffin Grip is designed to re-center and hold leather-hard wheel thrown pottery for trimming. It works equally well with waxing the foot or banding with under glazes or engobes.
Three arms gently corral your pot into the center. After an initial, one-time adjustment, the Giffin Grip simply snaps on and off your wheel. The standard version is designed for counter-clockwise rotation (a clockwise version is also available).
Centering and trimming are made much easier. A must have pottery tool!


fist which prevents the fingers from being straightened.
keep the fingers open and straight.
hand – the extensor digitorum communis and the ulnar nerve.
there is optimism for the new technique.
and assist the 'normal' hand, he says.


text:
does a land contract have to be recorded
In Florida, land installment contracts are otherwise known as "mortgages" which requires a foreclosure in case of default. ARTICLE 1. Draft a contract for deed. It is a written agreement by … The term of the lease, including the date of execution and termination details, should be stated in the contract. In order for a lender to perform a refinance of that land contract, there needs to be proof it was recorded (preferably when the land contract was originally executed). Recorded Land Contract vs. Non-Recorded. Be aware that, within 20 days of signing the agreement, you must file a record of the land contract in the office where the property is located. The property/Deed doesn't get … Copyright 2020 Leaf Group Ltd. / Leaf Group Media, All Rights Reserved. Before buying any interest in land, you should check (or have a lawyer check) the property records at the county courthouse to find out if the Seller's interest in the property has been recorded, and if anyone else, besides the Seller, has recorded an interest in the same property. Registering a Land Contract Conventional mortgages must be registered, or recorded, in order to notify the public that the lender has a lien against the property. Recorded documents do not establish who owns a property--this is instead of the function of a title that establishes the legal owner of the asset. The transfer fee is due at the time the land contract is recorded, along with a transfer return. Real estate rules (as they pertain to land contracts) vary depending on the state, and you'll need to pay close attention to these depending on your area. When dealing with Recorded Land, there will be a reference to a book and page number in the document description or a reference to a Case File number. However, both the buyer and the seller may wish to record the contract to protect their interests in the property. (3) Determine the condition of property: Before signing the installment land sales contract, the Buyer should inspect the property. The memorandum of land contract is an abbreviated legal document referencing the land contract itself. If a buyer later purchases the property from the landlord during the lease term, the subsequent owner may terminate an unrecorded lease contract. Make sure you research these requirements, as well as the property you are considering. A land contract is not legally required to be recorded in Michigan. What Happens if the Buyer Fails to Make the Land Contract Payments Due? She also provides travel-related content online and holds a Juris Doctor from Thomas Cooley Law School. As to long-term leases, another Oregon law permits (but does not require) the recording of the lease or a memorandum of the lease. The landlord or lessor retains the ownership interest in the property during the lease term and following the termination of the lease. Additionally, if it is NOT recorded and Buyer and/or Seller loses their copy of the contract, it can create … Do a title search. A land lease is also called a ground lease, whereby the tenant utilizes the property for residential purposes, such as a primary or secondary residence or to develop or make improvements on the land. If you have a valid Land Contract or Memorandum of Land Contract recorded with the county recorder's office, you may be eligible to take advantage of the standard homestead credit and mortgage deduction benefits. After you have been in the land contract 12 months, you can use the new/appraised value. Other requirements for admission to record of certain instruments. Some states don't require you record the contract. Any lease extensions or renewals must also be recorded to provide notice to subsequent purchasers. Rather than working with a lender, the buyer deals directly with the seller and makes monthly payments until the purchase price and interest is paid off. A land contract or contract for deed is a real estate contract purchase whereby the seller retains the title or deed of the property until the purchaser can finish making installments of the agreed-upon asking price. Description of the property. Look up your state's law for recording land contracts. Some states don't require you record the contract. Many states do not require short-term leases to be recorded. In Massachusetts, Recorded Land is the most common form of land recording. This means you pay a smaller fee. Recording gives notice to the world of the Buyer's legal rights to the property. This means that while a deed or mortgage will not be recorded, documentary stamp taxes and intangible taxes will still be due from the Buyer. I hope that the information that I provided has been helpful. One advantage of a memorandum, according to Valley Real Estate, is that it's only one page. It is legal and enforceable as soon as the parties sign it. Florida law treats land contracts as if they are mortgaged or financed transactions. It is a written memorandum signed by the parties bound to the agreement, notarized in recordable format, and capable of being performed. The buyer is usually permitted to move into the property as soon as the contract is signed, but he does not get legal title to the property until he completes payments. Does the Death of the Lessor End a Ground Lease? The written contract may include the names and addresses of the landlord and all tenants and the address of the property. Many ground leases are long-term leases and may be subject to state recording statutes. Pursuant to some state recording statutes, long-term land leases must be recorded to satisfy the statutory provisions. If the Seller does not record it, the Buyer should record it to protect the Buyer's interest. Ohio gives the seller 20 days to record, while Minnesota gives the buyer four months to register. This is further complicated by the fact that many jurisdictions don't require that the land contract be recorded with the county. It can also spell out which party is responsible for paying property insurance and taxes. This article tells you about contracts for deed. §39-1-1. Do you need to have an attorney review a land contract? It works a bit like a mortgage, but instead of a bank providing financing, the seller finances the sale of real estate in periodic installments. How to Acquire Property Based on Past Due Real Estate Taxes. The seller retains ownership of the property until that point. A land contract or deed for sale is a way to buy property without a mortgage. The parties to the contract may enter into a ground lease agreement for the purposes of developing commercial property. AUTHENTICATION AND RECORD OF WRITINGS. An installment sales contract is any type of contract that calls for periodic payments, but in real estate, it is generally referred to as a land contract, contract for deed, or contract for sale. This article was written by Texas RioGrande Legal Aid. Recordation of certified copies of certain instruments. Before signing the contract, the buyer should thoroughly inspect the property to see what repairs are needed. The presumption is there was an offer, acceptance, exchange of lawful consideration, and that there is performance running on both sides of the contract. If the state does not have any laws requiring the record of land leases, property owners or tenants may utilize their options to record the lease agreements to avoid potential consequences of unrecorded lease agreements. (C) Within twenty days after a land installment contract has been signed by both the vendor and the vendee, the vendor shall cause a copy of the contract to be recorded as provided in section 5301.25 of the Revised Code and a copy of the contract to be delivered to the county auditor. Sometimes homes for sale by land contract require a lot of repairs. With a land sale contract, a buyer purchases a property by making payments to the seller for a specific term. Some states have recording statutes regulating the recording requirements for certain real property instruments. A real estate instrument that affects any property transfer or conveyance of an interest in real property is typically recorded at the register of deeds office in the county where the property is located. However, if it is not recorded and a third party buys an interest in the property in good faith, then they have a right to enforce that interest against the party who failed to record their land contract. §39-1-2. The land contract is fully and perfectly legal. When the lease is presented to the county recorder, certain information should be included in the contract to provide an accurate interpretation of the agreement between the landlord and the tenant. Land that has gone through a Land Court Registration and Decree process is called Registered Land. Rather, recorded documents are … Under New York law, a land contract need not be recorded to be legal. 1: Not recording the Land Contract or a Memorandum of Land Contract in the public records. … Up-front Costs. §39-1-3. Once you record the contract, all the details of the sale become part of the public record. Land contracts can be a good option for buyers. Look up your state's law for recording land contracts. When it's time to refinance, it's very important to understand whether or not the land contract was recorded with the county when you purchased the home. Land contracts are a form of owner financing. Notarize the land contract or memorandum and have it witnessed if state law requires it.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Meta-joke
Meta-joke refers to several somewhat different, but related categories: self-referential jokes, jokes about jokes (also known as metahumor), and joke templates.[citation needed]
1 Self-referential jokes
2 Joke about jokes (metahumor)
3 Joke template
Self-referential jokes
This kind of meta-joke is a joke in which a familiar class of jokes is part of the joke..
Examples of meta-jokes:
An Englishman, an Irishman and a Scotsman walk into a bar. The bartender turns to them, takes one look, and says, "What is this - some kind of joke?"
A Priest, a Rabbi and a Leprechaun walk into a bar. The Leprechaun looks around and says, "Saints preserve us! I'm in the wrong joke!"
A woman walked into a pub and asked the barman for a double entendre. So he gave her one.
An Irishman walks past a bar.
Three men walk into a bar... Ouch! (And variants:)
A dyslexic man walks into a bra.
Two men walk into a bar... you'd think one of them would have seen it.
Two men walk into a bar... the third one ducks.
A seal walks into a club.
Two men walk into a bar... but the third one is too short and walks right under it.
Three blind mice walk into a bar, but they are unaware of their surroundings so to derive humour from it would be exploitative — Bill Bailey[1]
W.S. Gilbert wrote one of the definitive "anti-limericks":
There was an old man of St. Bees,
Who was stung in the arm by a wasp;
When they asked, "Does it hurt?"
He replied, "No, it doesn't,
But I thought all the while 'twas a Hornet." [2][3]
Tom Stoppard's anti-limerick from Travesties:
A performative poet of Hibernia
Rhymed himself into a hernia
He became quite adept
At this practice, except
For the occasional non-sequitur.
These non-limericks rely on the listener's familiarity with the limerick's general structure:
There was a young man from Peru
Whose limericks all stopped at line two
(may be followed with)
There was an old maid from Verdun
(and even with an explanation that the narrator knows an unrecitable limerick about Emperor Nero)
Why did the elephant cross the road? Because the chicken retired.
Two drums and a cymbal roll down a hill. (Cue drum sting)
Two birds are part of a migrating flock. One looks at the other and says, "do you even know where we're going?" to which the other replies, "what do I look like, a refrigerator?"
A self-referential knock-knock joke:
A: Knock, knock!
B: Who's there?
A: The Interrupting Cow.
B: The Interrupt--
A: MOOOOOOOO!!
A self-referential meta-joke:
I've never meta-joke I didn't like.
Why did the chicken cross the road? To have his motives questioned.
Sarcasm is the lowest form of wit.
There was a man who entered a local paper's pun contest. He sent in ten different puns, in the hope that at least one of the puns would win. Unfortunately, no pun in ten did
Joke about jokes (metahumor)
Metahumor as humor about humor. Here meta is used to describe the fact that the joke explicitly talks about other jokes, a usage similar to the word metadata (data about data), metatheatrics (a play within a play, as in Hamlet), or metafiction.
Marc Galanter in the introduction to his book Lowering the Bar: Lawyer Jokes and Legal Culture cites a meta-joke in a speech of Chief Justice William Rehnquist:[4]
I've often started off with a lawyer joke, a complete caricature of a lawyer who's been nasty, greedy, and unethical. But I've stopped that practice. I gradually realized that the lawyers in the audience didn't think the jokes were funny and the non-lawyers didn't know they were jokes.
E.B. White has joked about humor, saying that "Humor can be dissected, as a frog can, but the thing dies in the process and the innards are discouraging to any but the pure scientific mind."[5]
Another kind of metahumor is when jokes make fun of poor jokes by replacing a familiar punchline with a serious or nonsensical alternative. Such jokes expose the fundamental criterion for joke definition, "funniness", via its deletion. Comedians such as George Carlin and Mitch Hedberg used metahumor of this sort extensively in their routines. Hedberg would often follow up a joke with an admission that it was poorly told, or insist to the audience that "that joke was funnier than you acted."[6] These followups usually get laughs superior to those of the perceived poor joke and serve to cover an awkward silence. Johnny Carson, especially late in his Tonight Show career, used to get uproarious laughs when reacting to a failed joke with, for example, a pained expression. Similarly, Jon Stewart, hosting his own television program, often wrings his tie and grimaces following an uncomfortable clip or jab. Eddie Izzard often reacts to a failed joke by miming writing on a paper pad and murmuring into the microphone something along the lines of "must make joke funnier" or "don't use again" while glancing at the audience.
In the U.S. version of the British mockumentary The Office, many jokes are founded on making fun of poor jokes. Examples include Dwight Schrute butchering the Aristocrats joke, or Michael Scott awkwardly writing in a fellow employee's card an offensive joke, and then attempting to cover it with more unbearable bad jokes.
Limerick jokesters often rely on this limerick that can be told in polite company: "A limerick packs jokes anatomical/ Into space that is quite economical./ But good ones, it seems,/ So seldom are clean,/ And the clean ones so seldom are comical."
Joke template
This kind of meta-joke is a sarcastic jab at the fact that some jokes are endlessly refitted, often by professional jokers, to different circumstances or characters without significant innovation in the humour.[7]
"Three people of different nationalities walk into a bar. Two of them say something smart, and the third one makes a mockery of his fellow countrymen by acting stupid."
"Three blokes walk into a pub. One of them is a little bit stupid, and the whole scene unfolds with a tedious inevitability."
—Bill Bailey:[1]
"How many members of a certain demographic group does it take to perform a specified task?"
"A finite number: one to perform the task and the remainder to act in a manner stereotypical of the group in question."
There once was an X from place B,
Who satisfied predicate P,
The X did thing A,
In a specified way,
Resulting in circumstance C.
The philosopher Sidney Morgenbesser summarised Jewish logic as "If P, so why not Q?"
Self-reference
Meta-reference
Snowclone
^ a b Bill Bailey, "Bill Bailey Live - Part Troll", DVD Universal Pictures UK (2004) ASIN B0002SDY1M
^ Wells 1903, pp. xix-xxxiii.
^ http://books.google.com/books?id=eKNK1YwHcQ4C&pg=PA683
^ Marc Galanter, "Lowering the Bar: Lawyer Jokes and Legal Culture", University of Wisconsin Press (September 1, 2005) ISBN 0299213501, p. 3.
^ "Some Remarks on Humor," preface to A Subtreasury of American Humor (1941)
^ Mitch Hedberg, "Mitch Hedberg - Mitch All Together", CD Comedy Central (2003) ASIN B000X71NKQ
^ "Stars turn to jokers for hire"[dead link]
Mount Liang
Ruputer
Meta-reference — Metareference, a metafiction technique, is a situation in a work of fiction whereby characters display an awareness that they are in such a work, such as a film, television show or book. Sometimes it may even just be a form of editing or film… … Wikipedia
Joke — This article is about the form of humour. For other uses, see Joke (disambiguation). Contents 1 Purpose 2 Antiquity of jokes 3 … Wikipedia
Meta noise — For other uses, see Meta noise (disambiguation). Meta noise refers to inaccurate or irrelevant metadata. This is particularly prevalent in systems with a schema not based on a controlled vocabulary, such as certain folksonomies. Examples:… … Wikipedia
Joke — Als Witz bezeichnet man einen kurzen Text (Erzählung, Wortwechsel, Frage mit Antwort oder Ähnliches), der einen Sachverhalt so mitteilt, dass nach der ersten Darstellung unerwartet eine ganz andere Auffassung zutage tritt. Der plötzliche… … Deutsch Wikipedia
Elephant joke — An elephant joke is a joke, almost always an absurd riddle or conundrum and often a sequence of such, that involves an elephant. Elephant jokes were a fad in the 1960s, with many people constructing large numbers of them according to a set… … Wikipedia
Russian jokes — ( ru. анекдоты (transcribed anekdoty), literally anecdotes) the most popular form of Russian humour, are short fictional stories or dialogues with a punch line. Russian joke culture features a series of categories with fixed and highly familiar… … Wikipedia
Anti-humor — (or anti comedy) and anti jokes[1] (also known as unjokes) are a kind of humor based on the absence of an expected joke or punch line in a narration which is set up as a joke. This kind of anticlimax is similar to that of the shaggy dog story.[2] … Wikipedia
Metatheatre — The term metatheatre , coined by Lionel Abel, has entered into common critical usage; however, there is still much uncertainty over its proper definition and what dramatic techniques might be included in its scope. Many scholars have studied its… … Wikipedia
Metafiction — For the album by Vic Mignogna, see Metafiction (album). Metafiction, also known as Romantic irony in the context of Romantic works of literature, is a type of fiction that self consciously addresses the devices of fiction, exposing the fictional… … Wikipedia
Arlo and Janis — Infobox Comic strip title=Arlo and Janis caption= Arlo and Janis creator=Jimmy Johnson current= status=Running syndicate=NEA comictype=print genre=Humor first=July 29, 1985 last= Arlo and Janis is a comic strip written and drawn by Jimmy Johnson … Wikipedia


If these are the two marriages of the Charles DENTON who emigrated with Richardson's Party, then Charles DENTON was the stepfather of William Senior DENTON. It would also mean that his daughter Ann DENTON was actually a daughter of Elizabeth SENYOR. The Death Notice (Cape Archives) for Ann is consistent with a baptism on Christmas day 1803 in Sheffield, and although it lists her parents as Charles and Ann, those who registered the death would have thought of Ann WOLSTENHOLME as being her mother. If this is correct, then Ann would have been the only daughter to emigrate with Charles and Ann (aka Hannah). Jane DENTON married George ELLIOTT in 1816 and Sarah DENTON married Thomas JEFFERSON in 1820. Both marriages were witnessed by Joseph HUDSON, who was also a witness at the marriage of William Senior DENTON. Ann DENTON was probably listed as aged 13 on the Settler Return so that a lower deposit for a child under 14 would be payable.


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This outstanding example of a 2019 Mercedes-Benz C-Class C 300 is offered by Mercedes-Benz of Clear Lake. This Mercedes-Benz includes: 10.25 CENTER DISPLAY WHEELS: 18 TWIN 5-SPOKE Tires - Front Performance Aluminum Wheels Tires - Rear Performance WHEEL LOCKING BOLTS (PIO) Wheel Locks REAR CROSS TRAFFIC ALERT *PRICE TO FOLLOW* SELENITE GREY METALLIC CRYSTAL GREY FABRIC HEADLINER MAGMA GREY, MB-TEX UPHOLSTERY Premium Synthetic Seats NATURAL GRAIN GREY OAK WOOD TRIM LIVE TRAFFIC *PRICE TO FOLLOW* SD-CARD NAVIGATION PRE-WIRING PREMIUM PACKAGE Keyless Start HD Radio Hands-Free Liftgate Satellite Radio Power Door Locks Keyless Entry Power Liftgate Remote Trunk Release BLIND SPOT ASSIST Blind Spot Monitor HEATED FRONT SEATS Heated Front Seat(s) *Note - For third party subscriptions or services, please contact the dealer for more information.* You appreciate the finer things in life, the vehicle you drive should not be the exception. Style, performance, sophistication is in a class of its own with this stunning Mercedes-Benz C-Class. Beautiful color combination with Selenite Grey Metallic exterior over Magma Grey interior making this the one to own! You can finally stop searching... You've found the one you've been looking for.


text:
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                "title": "Informazioni",
                "itemInfo": "Visualizza questo elemento",
                "itemInfoLink": "in ArcGIS Online.",
                "licenseHeader":"Licenza",
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Q: Activity.onDestroy behind the scenes And what does destroy really mean? It's familiar to me, that pressing back key will cause activity to get "destroyed", or when the developer calls function finish(), or when the system needs memory and etc...
And also familiar that we need to perform cleanup procedure in onDestroy like unBindDrawables ( see example ) for avoiding OutOfMemory Exceptions.
My question is:

does activity's destroy mean that reference to activity object is removed? i.e.   activity object gets available to GC? If so why do we need to explicitly remove reference to activity's associated views?

Consider example:
If object A has a reference to object B and B is referred only by A, then if we nullify the A's reference there's no need to explicitly set B's reference to null, Both will GC-ed...
My intuition tells me that activity's case is something like this... Please tell me where is my mistake.
Thanks!

A:
does activity's destroy mean that reference to activity object is removed? i.e. activity object gets available to GC?

Yes, insofar as Android lets go of the activity. If you have a reference to it (directly or indirectly) from a static context, it will not be garbage-collected.

If so why do we need to explicitly remove reference to activity's associated views?

You do not "need to explicitly remove reference to activity's associated views".

A: When you press back button your app isn't destroyed but paused and the SO calls the onPause() method.
It can be destroyed if the SO detects, for example, a low memory condition then it destroy and will call onDestroy method.
In this method you have to clean up threads (if you started them) or everything that is unnecessary anymore and cause the resource consuption.
If you are familiar with Servlet the onDestroy method in android is very similar.
Hope this help you

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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text:
Natalja Konstantinowna Matwiejewa (ros. Наталья Константиновна Матвеева, ur. 23 maja 1986 w Moskwie) – rosyjska biegaczka narciarska.

Kariera
Po raz pierwszy na arenie międzynarodowej Natalja Matwiejewa pokazała się 6 listopada 2004 roku w zawodach FIS Race w fińskim Muonio, gdzie zajęła 47. miejsce w biegu na 10 km stylem klasycznym. W marcu 2005 roku wystąpiła na Mistrzostwach Świata Juniorów w Rovaniemi, gdzie była czwarta w sprincie stylem klasycznym. W Pucharze Świata zadebiutowała 22 października 2005 roku w niemieckim Düsseldorfie, gdzie zajęła 3. miejsce w sprincie stylem dowolnym. Wym samym w jednym starcie wywalczyła swoje pierwsze punty i zarazem pierwsze pucharowe podium w karierze. W sezonie 2005/2006 punktowała jeszcze sześciokrotnie. Była między innymi czwarta 30 grudnia 2005 r. w Novym Měscie i szósta 4 lutego w Davos. W efekcie zajęła 29. miejsce w klasyfikacji generalnej. W tym samym roku zdobyła srebrny medal w sprincie na Mistrzostwach Świata Juniorów w Kranju. Wystartowała także na Igrzyskach Olimpijskich w Turynie, gdzie zajęła 30. miejsce w sprincie stylem dowolnym.

W sezonie 2006/2007 była druga w Düsseldorfie i w Changchun, a w czołowej dziesiątce plasowała się jeszcze trzy razy. Dało jej to siedemnaste miejsce w klasyfikacji generalnej i trzecie w klasyfikacji sprinterskiej, w której lepsze były tylko Finka Virpi Kuitunen i Słowenka Petra Majdič. Wystartowała na Mistrzostwach Świata w Sapporo, gdzie w sprincie drużynowym była dwunasta, a indywidualnie zajęła 23. miejsce. W styczniu 2007 roku została mistrzynią Rosji w sprincie. Matwiejewa wygrała pierwsze zawody sezonu 2007/2008 – sprint techniką dowolną w Düsseldorfie 27 października 2007 roku. Było to jej pierwsze pucharowe zwycięstwo w karierze. Później nie osiągała już takich sukcesów, na podium stanęła tylko raz, 1 marca 2008 roku była druga w sprincie w Lahti. W klasyfikacji tego sezonu zajęła 21. miejsce, a w klasyfikacji sprinterskiej była czwarta.

Rywalizację w sezonie 2008/2009 zaczęła od zajęcia 21. miejsca w Ruce. Następnie była szósta w Davos 14 grudnia, a tydzień później zajęła drugie miejsce w Düsseldorfie. Jednak wszystkie kolejne jej wyniki, łącznie z występem na Mistrzostwach Świata w Libercu zostały anulowane po tym, jak w jej krwi wykryto erytropoetynę (EPO). W efekcie została zdyskwalifikowana na dwa lata przez Międzynarodową Federację Narciarską.

Do występów na arenie międzynarodowej powróciła w sezonie 2011/2012. Nie wystartowała w pierwszych zawodach sezonu w Sjusjøen, a cyklu Ruka Triple w Ruce nie ukończyła. Jednak 3 grudnia 2011 roku w Düsseldorfie zajęła drugie miejsce w sprincie techniką dowolną, ustępując tylko Amerykance Kikkan Randall. Stała na podium w Otepää i Davos.

Przed sezonem 2012/2013 w okresie letnim miała nieudaną operację kolana. Uniemożliwiło jej to starty w Pucharze Świata w listopadzie i grudniu. Powróciła do rywalizacji 12 stycznia w Libercu zajmując 12. miejsce w sprincie stylem klasycznym.

Osiągnięcia

Igrzyska olimpijskie

Mistrzostwa świata

Mistrzostwa świata juniorów

Puchar Świata

Miejsca w klasyfikacji generalnej

Miejsca na podium w zawodach indywidualnych Pucharu Świata chronologicznie

Miejsca w poszczególnych zawodach Pucharu Świata
stan po zakończeniu sezonu 2019/2020

Linki zewnętrzne
 Profil na stronie FIS

Uwagi

Przypisy

Rosyjscy biegacze narciarscy
Rosyjscy olimpijczycy
Medaliści Mistrzostw Świata w Narciarstwie Klasycznym 2017
Uczestnicy Zimowych Igrzysk Olimpijskich 2006
Ludzie urodzeni w Moskwie
Urodzeni w 1986
Rosyjscy sportowcy ukarani za doping

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Writer, editor, teacher, coach--I have plied my craft in just about every situation that calls for putting words on paper or screen. I have earned my living as a magazine feature writer, a documentary producer, a creative writing teacher, a scholarly writer, a business writer, a print editor, a radio reporter, and a non-fiction book writer. I have not earned a penny for but am also experienced at film & TV scriptwriting (I live in LA and that's what you do when you're a writer in LA). After a side trip into academia (ABD in English Lit) and a very brief blip as a family therapist (MA in Psych), I have spent the past ten or so years writing, editing and producing content for an online magazine I founded, MidLifeBloggers.com as well as other online outlets.


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Air Liquide committed to producing renewable hydrogen for the West Coast mobility market with new liquid hydrogen plant
News | October 8, 2019
Air Liquide's biogas technology enables our recent $150M investment to produce and supply renewable liquid hydrogen to the western U.S. mobility markets.
Today, Air Liquide joins the nation in celebrating National Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Day, raising awareness of fuel cell and hydrogen technologies that contribute to the US energy transition. In celebrating this day, Air Liquide announces plans to produce renewable liquid hydrogen at our plant to be located in North Las Vegas, Nevada. Hydrogen will be produced in part from renewable natural gas (RNG) upgraded from biogas using our advanced separation membrane technology.
The deployment trajectory for hydrogen energy infrastructure requires investments in the development of reliable and resilient hydrogen supply chain solutions. This large scale project will include production of 30 tons of liquid hydrogen per day. This project represents the first step expanding hydrogen supply to the region, enabling the market in California to continue its growth to an expected 200 stations by 2025. California currently has the largest total number of fuel cell vehicles and one of the largest networks of retail refueling stations in the world.
Air Liquide is committed to producing hydrogen to meet the renewable requirements of the mobility market in California. In addition to this new production facility, Air Liquide has announced the world's largest hydrogen production project utilizing a proton exchange membrane-based electrolyzer, located in Canada. Air Liquide has also invested in the development of two new landfill biogas purification plants in the U.S. that will help support the pathways to renewable hydrogen. The purification and valorization of biogas is a promising example of resource utilization in a sustainable economy. As world leaders with technologies and expertise that span the entire biogas to RNG to hydrogen market, Air Liquide is transforming the way sustainability is approached.
Air Liquide's commitment to hydrogen energy
Over the past 50 years, Air Liquide has developed unique expertise enabling it to master the entire hydrogen supply chain, from production and storage to distribution and the development of applications for end users, thus contributing to the widespread use of hydrogen as a clean energy source, for mobility in particular. Air Liquide has designed and installed more than 120 stations around the world to date. Hydrogen is an alternative fuel meeting the challenges of clean transportation and contributes to the improvement of air quality. Used in a fuel cell, hydrogen combines with oxygen in the air to produce electricity, emitting only water. It does not generate any pollution at the point of use: zero greenhouse gases, zero particles and zero noise. Hydrogen provides a solution to the challenges posed by sustainable mobility and regional pollution.
Dr. John Somavarapu Receives IOMA International Harmonization Award


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29 April 2020 23 min read
Developing a product marketing strategy for a freemium product
Membership content | Product Marketing | Promoted Posts | Leadership
Alex Girard
Download the deck >
My name's Alex Girard and I'm a product marketing manager at HubSpot. Today I want to talk to you about developing a product marketing strategy for a freemium product. First, let me give you a bit of background.
I own HubSpot's marketing products from a product marketing perspective, we have marketing sales and service products and I do the product marketing for our marketing products.
To give you a little flavor of what'll be included in this article:
I'll start with a quick history lesson of HubSpot's move towards freemium and how we grew our product line over A time to get to the freemium space.
Next, I'll walk you briefly through how we got to this point, from a positioning standpoint, and how we came to our final positioning and what that looked like.
I'll then go through some post-launch plays that we ran, some things that we did after we launched, and are still doing to this day.
Finally, I'll touch on what really worked, some unique tactics that I thought were really useful for freemium specifically.
A quick history lesson to start
Here's a timeline of HubSpot's product:
We started in 2006 with our Marketing Hub, that's the product that I own at HubSpot, it's kind of our flagship product and it was our only product for a really long time from 2006 to 2014.
We were only a single app, we had our marketing tools, and then in 2014 we added on the CRM. We realized that we could have both a marketing hub and a CRM and our sales reps could start to take users who are leveraging the CRM and start to upsell them into the marketing tools over time, that was a really great motion.
As we added on more and more products, we started to figure out how we could continue to use this freemium motion, so in 2016, we launched Sales Hub.
In 2018, we launched Service Hub and that completed our product suite.
We represent our product suite through the flywheel…
So what we see here is that marketing feeds into sales, the marketing can generate leads, pass them on to sales, who turn them into customers, pass it on to services, and then your services team turns your customers into promoters of your brand.
Those promoters of your brand really become your best marketing channel at the end of the day and feedback into your marketing - you can take your customer service and turn that into your best marketing channel, and at the center of all this is your customers. Your customers are really at the center of your business.
That's the bare bones of the inbound methodology in our flywheel at HubSpot.
From premium to freemium
If we look at this from a timeline perspective, in 2006, we had one premium offering.
If someone wanted to buy our marketing tools, they had to do some research on HubSpot, get on the phone with a sales rep, purchase through a demo maybe and go through this long drawn out sales process.
In 2014, we finally had this first freemium product.
Someone could go to our website and start using HubSpot right away for free without having to talk to anyone, and kick the tires, see if it worked for them. This was really great for our sales team, so as we layered on more and more service lines over time, we started to lean into this freemium motion.
Every single product launch we had going forward for different hubs, we continued to layer on freemium services with them.
With the Marketing Hub, we were always this premium product, but we realized that's not really how people are buying today, people want to try something out, see if it will work for their business before they actually go for it and buy.
We needed to match what we were selling in Marketing Hub to the way that our customers wanted to buy from us. That was a big reason why I wanted to start exploring the freemium strategy.
This is a quote from Nicholas Holland, he's a VP of product at HubSpot and owns the Marketing Hub from a product side.
This is that free users are absolutely brutal, and if your product isn't absolutely delightful, if you don't deliver your customers with an absolutely amazing experience while they're using your product, they'll just move on.
By moving into the freemium space, we were ensuring that we were giving our customers the best experience possible, and that brought itself up not only through our freemium products but also up to our premium products as well, so we were making sure that we had airtight products by going down into freemium.
The journey into freemium
So we started this journey into the freemium space in 2018 and we started to add various marketing tools down into the free CRM.
In 2018, we took Conversations, which is our live chat tool, and we brought that down into free, and then we also took our Forms tool, and we moved that down to free. So now we had a good sense of lead generation within the free tools, but we still were missing that lead nurturing part.
So this last summer in 2019, we added both Ads and Email down into the free CRM as well.
So now you have a full suite of marketing tools that you can leverage to do your marketing all without paying HubSpot a dime. That was our journey to this point in freemium.
Positioning: How we decided to position our free marketing tools in the market
Now, I want to talk about just a brief exercise on how we thought about positioning these products and how we got to our final positioning and what that looked like.
So first, free email is nothing new. There are hundreds, if not thousands of free email service providers out there.
The logos above just scratch the surface, so we realized we weren't launching anything necessarily revolutionary here, there's a bunch of free email service providers. The question that we wanted to answer with our positioning is what truly separated HubSpot from all other email service providers out there and all other free email service providers out there, what made us unique? What's something that we could hang our hat on?
To get to that we went through this process here, and asked ourselves the following questions:
What's the status quo with email service providers today?
Why is there a problem with that status quo?
Why is that status quo not necessarily satisfying the needs of people that are using a free email product? And,
If there's a problem with the status quo, what's the alternative?
What's the alternative that those people can leverage? And finally,
What's the unique solution that we offer?
What's the status quo?
When we thought of the status quo, we thought of the fact that everyone has a system of record, everyone leverages a CRM of some kind at their business. If you're an enterprise, you might use HubSpot or Salesforce, someone like that. If you're just getting started you might be using Excel spreadsheets, but no matter what you have a way of tracking the engagement that your customers have with your business.
You also have a system of engagement of some kind, you are using different marketing tools to reach out to these customers in some way, you have email, ads, chat, there's a bunch of different ways you can do it. But for most companies, these tools are separate. They live in different systems and don't really speak to each other, they might be loosely integrated, but for the most part, they operate in separate worlds.
Why is that a problem?
As we all know, as marketers, personalization always wins. Personalization really always wins when it comes to marketing. But personalization without a CRM, without that system of record backing it is really just smoke and mirrors - it doesn't always work.
This is another Nicholas Holland quote, he has a way with words.
Personalization without a CRM just doesn't work, it doesn't cut it. If you have this system, where your system of record and your CRM aren't speaking with your marketing tools, and aren't working with your marketing tools, you're really not able to achieve that personalized marketing that everyone's looking for at the end of the day.
So, we thought the alternative was to have a system of record that layered on these marketing tools that were fully integrated, that spoke directly to them. So you could use customer data to inform the marketing campaigns you're putting out there. That really allows you to get to the perfect ideal state where you're able to deliver your customers with personalized marketing.
The solution CRM we offered was the fact we had the HubSpot Marketing Hub layered on top of our free , and that allows you to grow your business, find success and deliver your customers with that amazing experience.
Being free isn't everything - what sets you apart?
One thing I'd like to just double click on for a second is that I only mentioned the word free once during that positioning statement. If you're launching a freemium product, rarely is the fact that your product's free going to be the big differentiator for you.
With email there are so many different tools whether it's MailChimp or Constant Contact or Active Campaign, if we just went forward and said HubSpot now has free email and it's free, people probably wouldn't have cared all that much.
We had to figure out what was different for us that would get people excited about the fact we had a free product. So what we see here is the physical manifestation of that positioning statement that we went through.
This is our homepage on launch day, we went forward with the tagline, 'Email loves CRM, and love shouldn't cost a thing'. So email and CRM, they're this perfect pairing for each other. We alluded to the fact that they were free, and then the love was important from a brand perspective and tied into loving your customers > grow better. That was our thought process there.
Post-launch plays
I want to walk through just a couple of post-launch plays that we ran, some things that we're doing still to this day to make sure that we have a successful launch. I think it's important to note at this point that with a freemium product, the real work that you do as a product marketer starts after you launch.
I think we have launch goggles as product marketers, we say, "Okay, the product is launching on this date", and we work super, super hard to get to that date and we charge forward, and then it launches and the next day, we all go on vacation.
For freemium products, you really aren't doing your company any good if you just get a bunch of free users in, and that's it, they just sit there stagnant. With that in mind, we had to consider how can we take those free users, show them the value within our free product, and then upgrade them into our premium tools over time, so they can see even more value out of our product and grow their businesses with us.
When we looked at the groups of users that we had to address from this, we realized that we had three groups:
The heavy users of our free tools - people that were using them a lot and getting a lot of value out of them.
The light users - the people that might have downloaded it, used it once, and then let it sit.
Our current paying customers - this is probably the one that you stress out the most about when you launch a freemium product. You have people that are paying good money to use your software, and you're about to take something that they're paying you for and you're gonna bring it down to Free. So how do you communicate this to those customers to make sure that they still see value in paying you on a monthly basis for the product that you're offering?
Heavy users
For our heavy users, we ran a lot of review campaigns. At HubSpot we see a lot of value in generating reviews of our software from promoters of our brands, it's a big part of the flywheel methodology.
The email that you see here is one that we send to our customers asking them to write a review of our product saying, "Hey, you are a heavy user of our ads tool. We would love it if you wrote a review on G2 Crowd for us".
Running these review campaigns can be a great way to activate those free users, and we found out that heavy users of the tool like to be acknowledged as heavy users of tools. So acknowledging someone as one of the best and most frequent users of a tool really gets those free users excited and activates them to act on your behalf.
On top of that, we also do a lot to generate case studies. We had a long beta of these tools going forward - tools are beta for quite some time and while the tools are in beta we do a lot to figure out who are these heavy users and how can we start to work with them so we can maybe launch with them?
By the time we launched, we had roughly two or three customer case studies and some of them had started with the free tools in our beta and had upgraded to paid tiers over time before the product launched. So we were able to tell that growth story of how someone started on our free product, was able to see the value and grow their business, and then eventually start paying for our products because they had grown their business so much, which is a really great, compelling story that we want to tell.
Another thing we did is we showed the value of upgrading to our paid tiers for these heavy users, so these heavy users are seeing a lot of value out of our free product. We made sure that within products we were surfacing different premium features that they could use so they could get even more value if they did decide to upgrade.
We started to bring locks within the system so they can see, "Oh if I upgrade I can get access to their landing pages tool or their social tool", we made sure the limits that were in free were very apparent so they could know when they were approaching the limit and see the value they would get if they did decide to upgrade over time.
A lot of things we did to make sure within products that they would see the value in upgrading. But we also did run campaigns to say, "Hey, you're getting a lot of value out of this, if you upgrade, you could get these additional features", so making sure that they were just always aware of the additional value that was within our paid tiers.
For light users, the idea here is to get them activated. So turn them from a light user into a heavy user so then you can then run those same plays that we just talked about.
But the real first thing we did is show the value of other free tools that they may not have signed up for initially. We have a wide variety of free tools within HubSpot's free product and so someone might have signed up for our free email tool, tried it once and stop using it, but maybe they weren't aware that we had free sales tools or a free ads tool, and so making sure that they can know that through an email campaign, or educational materials is really important and got us the ability to activate a lot of these customers over time.
The next step is leveraging the community, letting people know they're supported within these free tools, and they have a support system backing them. We're very fortunate at HubSpot to have a super active community on community.hubspot.com of users that are trading tips and secrets and showing how they use the tool or how they want the tool to work. That's a natural feedback channel for our product team which is really great.
We also have HubSpot Academy, which is an open-source education platform where people can get educational resources not only on our product but on marketing in general. What you can see on the slide above is a free tools course that we launched alongside the launch, where we said, "Hey, you just downloaded our free marketing tools, if you want to learn everything there is to know about these free marketing tools, feel free to go check out this course".
So, someone who might have downloaded it and felt lost, we hit them with an email campaign a week after they downloaded with this course, so they could dive in, see what they're missing, how to use the tools, and start to get value out of it.
The final group is our current customers. They're paying for our product, we just brought it down to free, how do we communicate with these people to make sure that they don't downgrade to our free product?
One thing we did is we went through the process of adjusting our positioning for our paid product. We wanted to make sure things we were leaning on heavily with those paid tiers, when we brought those same tools down into free, that our positioning in our paid tiers was updated to reflect that.
We weren't leaning so heavily on email in our Starter product when it was now available for free. We started talking about how Marketing Hub Starter was really for companies that were starting to scale and starting to grow their business, and it wasn't just a tool that had email and ads because that was now in free.
We also made sure that we showed the value of their current tier versus the free product and made that very apparent to our customers. Whenever we were in the products, we would surface different things that they only had in Marketing Hub Starter versus our free marketing tools.
And if someone wanted to downgrade? We showed them the pop-up you can see in the above slide, where it says, "Hey, are you sure you want to downgrade? You'll lose all this if you do. If you do, by all means, click that button, you can, but we just want to make sure it's apparent that if you do downgrade, you'll lose these specific features".
That did a lot to make sure we were retaining these people that are currently paying for our product.
I've talked about our history of the products, talked about the positioning, talked about some post-launch plays that we're running currently to this day. Now I want to talk about launch week and a couple of different tactics that we ran that really worked for us.
What really worked: A few launch tactics that took us over the edge
One thing I want to stress is that this was a company-wide effort. In 2019, perhaps while it was kind of an S-year, we really focused on the usability of our product. We didn't have many product launches, but we did have this one and so I was able to rally the troops at HubSpot and make sure that everyone was activated for this, it was really a company-wide effort where we had the social team, the paid team, our co-marketing team, everyone was activated in support of this launch.
With that in mind, I want to talk about just some unique tactics and some things that particularly worked well when launching a freemium product.
I know this is not unique to a freemium product, but it worked really, really well. We did a lot with executive thought leadership content, and exclusive media launches, to really make this launch sing.
What you can see here is the Fast Company media piece that we did, we gave them exclusive rights to break the story, and that did a lot to expand our reach with this launch.
How did we approach our PR and communications play?
First, we took a global approach. PR was important in North America. It was really, really, really important in Japan. The Japanese market really cared that we had kind of high profile pieces, so we made sure we were aware of that and we activated our PR team at our Japanese office to make sure they knew that they had to prioritize PR and communications.
So, based on the region that we're in, PR and communications might be more important for that region and we wanted to make sure that we took that into account. Another thing we did was leverage exclusive releases, that Fast Company article is something that we've been trying to do for many, many years at HubSpot, we've been trying to work with Fast Company and media outlets like them for a while.
The way we were able to do it with this launch was to offer them exclusive rights to break the story. If you have a big product launch coming up, take into account how you might be able to leverage exclusives to get a media outlet that you might otherwise not be able to leverage.
Another thing we did was create a lot of thought leadership content for this launch and leveraged our execs to share this out. We are super fortunate at HubSpot to have an exec board that has a really big following on social and they're really active on social, and they're very outspoken on social.
Thanks to that, I was able to go to our exec team, share with them the positioning, share with them how I wanted them to talk about these tools, and they were able to go to their social networks on Twitter and LinkedIn and their own communities and share out the message for me. That expanded the reach of this campaign 10 times over, by leveraging their own communities.
We're also super fortunate at HubSpot to have an active partner community of marketing agencies that resell our software for us, and we made sure that we were co-launching this with them. We gave them:
Early access to these tools,
An early heads up,
The same enablement materials that we gave to our service and sales team so that they felt supported in this launch and they knew exactly how we were approaching it from a launch standpoint, which gave them
The confidence to also promote this launch on our behalf so that they felt included in the launch.
That did a lot to expand our results.
What did we gain?
We activated 14 HubSpot executives to support the launch on social through thought leadership content, we tracked during the week or two of launch 33 unique articles that were launched across various media outlets. And this spanned 10 different countries. So we had a broad net that we cast with this launch.
Another thing we did is we launched on Product Hunt. For anyone reading who isn't familiar with it, Product Hunt is a community of builders, of product people essentially. And what you do on Product Hunt is you have someone to 'hunt' your product essentially, post your product on Product Hunt and say, "Hey, my product team has been working on this thing. I would love it if you all checked it out and let me know what you think of it". And then people on Product Hunt will then go and they will leave comments. They'll leave reviews, they'll upvote the product if they like.
So we did a Product Hunt launch on the same day as our product launch and we had Dharmesh Shah, our co-founder and CTO, hunt the product and he has a really big following on Product Hunt so we were able to leverage his following on that platform.
Tips on having a successful Product Hunt launch
So first and foremost, make sure your product is a good fit for Product Hunt. If you are asking the Product Hunt community to give your $400 a month product a try, you're probably not gonna get a lot of traction, no one's going to just go on there and kick the tires on a $400 product.
Product Hunt is really specific for the freemium space, which is why we considered it as essential for this launch. The Product Hunt community also tends to lean a little bit more B2C, so if you have a B2B product you might want to just be a little bit more careful about what you're launching on there. We thought that free email was enough that people could grok that concept and be able to understand what we were offering. But if you have something that's really in the weeds, from a B2B standpoint, you may want to be a little careful before you consider Product Hunt.
Another thing is post early, the game of Product Hunt is to get the most upvotes that you can on the day that you launch so if you are posting at noon on launch day, you've wasted six hours that you could have already been getting those upvotes during the day of launch.
Make sure that when you wake up on launch day the first thing you do is post on Product Hunt.
Another thing you want to make sure you're doing is, if you can, try to get a hunter or a person to post the product that has some kind of clout on the platform. We're very lucky that we had Dharmesh at our disposal who was able to hunt our product for us. But if you don't have someone at your own company, who has that audience on Product Hunt, don't be afraid to reach out to someone within your network or someone who might be able to advocate for your brand on your behalf to post the product for you. That's totally okay to do.
The great thing about posting with someone that has an audience on that platform is every single person that follows Dharmesh on Product Hunt got pinged the day of launch that Dharmesh is hunting a new product, so we were able to leverage that audience Dharmesh had.
One other important thing is to stay active in the comments. If people are responding to you make sure you're engaging with them. Make sure you're responding and addressing any concerns or answering any questions they might have. That's going to help you keep traction on your post on Product Hunt.
What's the goal?
Your goal with Product Hunt is to get your product within the top 10 products launched that day by the number of upvotes. If you do that, you'll get into Product Hunt's weekly digest email, which goes out to all their users globally. This makes it a great way to get your product in front of hundreds of thousands of people who are willing to try something out and maybe pitch it to their marketing team over time, which is what we were hoping for, and what we saw by doing this launch strategy.
On launch day we got 814 upvotes on our product. We were the number four that day, on launch day, which was absolutely amazing. We were included in that weekly digest, which was our goal, and we got 30 unique reviews of the product and had an overall rating of 4.8 out of five which we were really, really pleased with.
Internal enablement
The final launch tactic that I want to share with all of you, probably the most important one, probably the one that moved the needle the most for us at HubSpot for this launch is making sure that you have a strong internal enablement campaign.
Something I realized as I did this is I have an active audience of 3000 Hub Spotters globally, who are primed and ready to help me support this launch. If I was a marketer, and I knew that I had 3000 people out there who were actively waiting to help me with my product launch, I'd be a fool not to activate them.
So, make sure you don't ignore the employees that are at your company who can help you really take your product launch to the next level.
Tips for a successful internal enablement campaign
You want to incentivize your colleagues in some way. This could be a leaderboard showing who did the most, you could offer gift cards, you can go as extreme as we did at HubSpot and offer one of your employees an all-expenses-paid trip anywhere in the world.
You want to make sure you're incentivizing your colleagues in some way to participate.
The next thing is you want to make sure you're finding a way to track engagement on your internal enablement campaign. If everyone's taking all these actions, and you're incentivizing them in some way, and then you don't know who's taking the most actions or who's really participating, it all goes for not.
At HubSpot, we use a software called Gleam.io, it's a great way to track engagement on an internal enablement campaign, there's a lot of different software options out there but just making sure that you have a way to track engagement will ensure the success of your campaign.
You want to also remove as much friction as possible from participation. Not everyone is going to be willing to create awesome, unique content for your launch. We had one HubSpotter who sat his five-year-old son down and recorded him creating an email within our free marketing email tool and posted on LinkedIn and it went semi-viral, it got a couple of thousand views. And that was incredible. But I can't expect every single person at HubSpot to create content like that.
Making sure that you create lazy tweets or you offer them the opportunity to simply re-share something that is going out from the company's Twitter page is a great option. Having simple ways for everyone at the company to participate will make sure that you are broadening your reach with an internal enablement campaign.
Finally, explain the importance of the campaign to the business overall. It would have been one thing if I went up to everyone and said, "Hey, my name is Alex. I've been busting my butt on this product launch for the past couple of months. I would love it if you all share this tweet". It's another thing if I go and say, "Hey, we've been working on launching free email marketing into our free CRM. And that is super important for us as a business because it's going to help us ignite the growth of our marketing hub over time, it's going to help us grow as a business. Please help us support".
When we take option B we get people invested in the success of the campaign themselves because they're invested in the success of the company and they see it as their duty to help share the campaign.
So, making sure that you're explaining the importance of the launch to the business, will go a long way in helping you launch a successful internal movement campaign, as well as incentivizing them in some way.
We were able to activate 900 Hub Spotters in support of this launch, so roughly a third of our employee base, and they took 3.5 thousand individual actions in support. An action could have been a tweet or a LinkedIn post or creating a blog of some kind, which was really awesome. We did have one lucky winner of an all-expenses-paid vacation to wherever they want in the world. We partnered with one of our customers to help present that to our lucky winner.
The main takeaways
First and foremost when you're launching a freemium product, rarely is the fact that your product's free going to be the big differentiator, you don't want to lean into that too much in your positioning. Instead, you want to figure out what's unique to your business versus any other freemium product out there, that you can hang your hat on as a company.
You want to keep in mind not only your new users but your current users and how you're solving for them through this launch as well. Make sure you have talking points ready to go so that when your current customers come asking why you're doing this and what value they get from paying for your product, you have a good answer for that.
With a freemium product, there might be different channels, like Product Hunt, like an internal enablement campaign, that you hadn't previously considered but you're definitely going to want to consider. Think of these new unique channels you might want to explore based on the fact you're launching a freemium product.
Last, and certainly not least, don't ignore your employees as a way to apply a megaphone to your campaign and expand your reach to leverage all of their audiences as well.
Thank you so much for taking the time to read my article today, and good luck!
Alex Girard is a Product Marketing Manager at HubSpot in Cambridge, MA, where he leads product marketing efforts for their Marketing Hub.
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Welcome to the World of Home Smart Speakers!
Here we discuss the Top 7 Smart Voice Assistant Gadgets to determine the best Home Smart Speaker.
In the world of Home Smart Speakers, the Amazon Echo is perhaps the market leader. It has the ability to play music, provide food recipes, change the heating in your house, order a taxi, order a takeaway and so much more – all utilising voice commands. It has seven microphones, enabling it to hear you from across the room. Therefore, this device can hear you regardless of whether the room is significantly noisy or not. The wonderful thing about the Amazon Echo is that it never stops developing. It's regular updates being added directly to the product with little or no effort required from the user.
However, nothing is perfect. One slight issue with this Smart Speaker is the fact you have to keep it in one place at all times. So, if you want to take it from the front room to the kitchen to ask it about recipes, then you'd have to unplug it from the living room, pick it up and then find an area in the kitchen to plug it into. Another issue people have with the product is its ability to (mostly) only answer factual questions. The Amazon Echo is unable to respond to complicated commands.
Bottom Line – Leader in the Market for Simple Commands.
Google Home is undoubtedly the main competitor to the Amazon Echo in the Smart Speaker Sector. The main thing that separates Google Home from the Echo is the fact that Google Home integrates Chromecast for media streaming, something the Echo simply isn't capable of doing due to Chromecast belonging to Google. Google Home Smart Speaker also has the ability to answer more conversational and complex commands, allowing you to almost have a real conversation with the product. Perhaps the best feature on Google Home is its ability to send visual information to your phone or laptop. As of very recently, Google Home Smart Speaker is also capable of making phone calls. Google is the most powerful search platform in the world. Therefore, Home's search capabilities second-to-none in the field of smart speakers and voice-led services.
On the other hand, there are some limitations to Google Home Smart Speaker. One limitation is its inability to hear you from a certain distance – something that isn't as much of an issue with the Amazon Echo. Another problem some users have found with Google Home Smart Speaker is that you are unable to create lists or audio reminders. This lacking feature isn't a disaster, but is something that leaves room for an improvement. Many people using the Echo find this feature particularly appealing and efficient.
Bottom Line – Google Out-wins Competitors on Complex Commands.
Triby is a portable Smart Speaker that incorporates voice control. Utilising Alexa, the system an Amazon Echo uses, Triby's target market is leans towards families. Due to its magnetic body, you'll often find a Triby on a fridge. The portable nature of the product makes it stand out from the crowded marketplace. When it comes to the home and technology, practicality is always a selling point. Another excellent feature of the Triby, in addition to its ability to play music and make calls through voice commands, is its capability to receive messages from your phone. If a family member is out and going to be late for tea, they can send a pre-programmed message to the Triby (using a Wi-Fi connection) and it will show up on the Smart Speaker.
Bottom Line – Family Oriented Smart Device.
Links to Third Party Apps.
Ivee voice is another fantastic home Smart Speaker. In a similar way to Google Home and Amazon Echo – it has the ability to link with a variety of third party services and apps such as Uber and Spotify. Ivee is one of the smallest voice assistants on the market. Meaning it won't stand out like a sore thumb in your front room. Also, in comparison to the competition, is reasonably priced.
Although Ivee voice does support some third-party apps, at this moment in time it isn't comparable to the amount that the top Smart Speaker possess'. This side of things will hopefully develop as time goes on. But, for many, it's probably worth paying the extra money for Amazon Echo and Google Home. Keep an eye out for this one going forwards.
Bottom Line – The Best Things Come in Small Packages?
Just like the Invoxia Triby, FABRIQ is a battery powered, portable device that incorporates Alexa. Unlike Triby, however, the battery life is excellent and the size of it makes it portable and worthwhile. Although there are no third-party apps on the device, you can ask it to provide information that can be found online, as well as to play music, set reminders and order food. The design of this Smart Speaker is exceptional and would fit in seamlessly within a living room. It's also one of the cheapest home smart speakers on the market, making it very attractive to people who just want to test if they like having a voice assistant in their home.
Considering the price currently stands at £40, there has to be some limitations with this device. One of the problems people seem to have with this device is the need to physically turn it on and wait for it to load. When one of the biggest selling points of these home Smart Speakers is their ability to work completely hands free, it is a slight problem when you have to physically move to turn it on. The lack of apps is of course disappointing, but for £40 it's difficult to argue about value for money with the Fabriq Portable Smart Speaker.
Bottom Line – Great Value for Money.
It was only a matter of time before Microsoft weighed in on Home Smart Speakers and although this product isn't officially on the market yet, it will be soon. With Alexa and Google Home dominating the industry, it's time for Cortana to enter the fray and there's no doubt it will provide strong competition to the Echo and Google Home. With a better sound system than both of its main Smart Speaker rivals and its ability to make calls from the get go using Skype, it will certainly be interesting to see how this Microsoft product develops when it hits the market in the US this Autumn.
Bottom Line – One to Watch!
It's been six years since we first met Siri across Apple products, and at the end of this year we will get to know her better than ever before in the form of Apple's first Smart Speaker. If Microsoft's Cortana is set to compete against the smart talking heavyweights of Google Home and the Amazon Echo, then so is the Apple Homepod. The device will be equipped with 6 microphones and an A8 chip, a processor more powerful than can be found anywhere else in the market.
Only limited information has been released regarding the product. However, one feature that has been teased is its ability to send messages, likely through iMessage. This would certainly set it apart from other voice assistant Smart Speakers. It also possesses spatial awareness, meaning that regardless of where the product is placed in a room, the speakers will ensure that the best possible sound is emitted from the device. But, arguably more revolutionary than this, IKEA have teamed up with Apple to improve shopping experience through this Artificial Reality device.
The Apple Homepod is not being released until December. Therefore, we will have to wait until then to see how it matches up to the competition in practice. One thing's for sure – Apple are entering the voice race of Smart Speakers, and competitors don't get much bigger.
Bottom Line – Another Large Competitor could take the Market Share.


An Algerian military plane crashed during a training flight, killing two people on board, the country's defence ministry said on Thursday.
The pilot and co-pilot were killed during the "night-time training flight", it said, adding that it was investigating the causes of the accident.
In April an Ilyushin IL-76 transport plane slammed into a field near an airbase south of Algiers, killing 257 people — Algeria's deadliest such incident in 20 years.
Algerian media reports that several previous accidents were due to poor maintenance of the military fleet.


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Gay Journalist Has Best Twitter Comeback to Homophobic Asshole Ever
Personally, I'm not a huge fan of Twitter given it seems to encourage vapid shouting matches between outsized egos trying to insult each other with as few words as possible. But I do use the medium and appreciate those who have managed to refine Twitter takedowns to an art form. ...read more
By Ben Cohen Nov 21, 2017
Cenk Uygur Behaves Like an A**hole, Gets Booted from Flight
Cenk Uygur is an asshole. Really, there's no better way to describe him. You could get more specific, stating without fear of contradiction that he's a self-important loudmouth and a bloviating bully utterly lacking in any awareness of how full-of-shit he is, but honestly it's ...read more
By Chez Pazienza Apr 11, 2016


Crafty escapism: I love road trips!
A road trip and a crochet project go together perfectly in my mind. We have just returned to Houston, Texas after a whopping fifteen hour, two day road trip from a week in the mountain biking and waterfall mecca of Brevard, North Carolina. We drove through five further states: South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi and Louisiana. I spent a large proportion of the trip just looking out of the window at the countryside, quite different from that of my home country. My hubby and I take turns driving too but I still managed to complete almost a whole shawl, starting the foundation row the day before we left and having just a few rows remaining at the top to complete.
My shawl is Humphrey by Joanne Scrace of The Crochet Project. It's my second make from their Shawls Book Two. I've become quite a fan of The Crochet Project recently. Their tagline is "Think Differently About Crochet" and their mission is to design, write and promote beautiful, modern crochet patterns. The first Crochet Project shawl, Missed Kingfisher, was made as a gift and I was quite sad to part with it. Having a photo isn't quite the same.
Next time we go on a road trip I am determined to combine shopping along the way. Ravelry has a tool for just this purpose: The Road Trip Planner. It's on the tab "Yarn" on the left hand side half way down just below the search box for finding a shop. Type in your starting location, your destination and specify how far you're willing to detour. Planning when to stop en-route is my department so perhaps I could coincidentally find a dog park or café next door to a yarn store. Somehow I don't think my family will be fooled for a second.
Awwwhh thank you Paula. Have fun with the Road Trip Planner!!


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Greta Van Susteren to leave Fox News after 14 years
Greta Van Susteren will depart Fox News after 14 years with the network, Fox News announced Tuesday morning.
Brit Hume will take over as the new host of "On the Record."
"We are grateful for Greta's many contributions over the years and wish her continued success," Fox News co-presidents Jack Abernethy and Bill Shine said in a statement.
Abernethy and Shine added: "As one of the best political analysts in the industry, Brit is the ideal choice to host a nightly political program while the most dynamic and captivating election in recent history unfolds. Having Brit at the helm of this show will enable Fox News to continue on track to have its highest-rated year ever as the network dominates the cable news landscape." – READ MORE
Cal State LA offers segregated housing for black students
Burning Man on lock down as cops hunt for missing girl


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Woodend Primary School offers the chance to play basketball in a mixed competition catering for students in years 2/3, 4/5 and 6/7.
The games are played at the Morphett Vale Basketball Stadium which is an undercover venue. Years 2/3 and 4/5 play on Tuesday night and 6/7 on a Monday night.
Times for these matches are either 3.50pm, 4.35pm or 5.20pm.
It is $5 per player per game and spectators are free.
Players wear navy blue shorts and a basketball top which will be supplied and then returned when the player ceases to play or at the end of the year.
Teams are able to play all year round with a break during the school holidays. It is a great way to make new friends and keep fit and learn some new skills. Even if you have never played before come and give it a try. Our coaches are able to teach you the rules of the game and at training you will be able to better your skills.
Training days are at the coach's discretion and usually happen after school on the basketball court in front of Room 1.
Training will go for approx. 45-60minutes. If the weather is forecast at 32˚ in the morning training will be cancelled. You will be required to wear a hat and have a drink bottle for training.
Registration forms for Basketball are available in the school office.


The 2018 North American Car of the Year is available with two petrol units as well as a hybrid powertrain.
If you own a recent-model Honda Civic or Accord, you should pay more attention where you park it.
The Honda Accord owner didn't have any insurance.
The driver of the Honda Accord had a clear red light, which they chose to ignore.
Honda will update the software for the Accord and Insight backup camera free of charge.
The fourth-generation Accord was a big step up compared to its predecessor.
Not only did they not fight, they didn't even stop to exchange insurance details!.
If you do ever find yourself on the run in a harsh environment, you'll probably be better off with an SUV.
A huge accident, with potentially dire consequences, was averted by the truck driver's swift reaction.
Toyota's saloon has been the best-selling midsize car in the US for Q1 of 2018.
The 2018 Honda Accord still costs more to lease than many of its rivals.


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10 Maps that Explain Switzerland
May 26, 2015 ~ Kenneth J Davis
Ah, Switzerland. Land of fondue, chocolate, and neutrality. If you want to learn more about this unique little country, maps are a great way to start. Not only does Switzerland have fascinating geography, but it also has a long and storied tradition of cartography and design.
1. Where in the world?
But you already knew that, right? And you also knew that the capital is Bern, not Zurich or Geneva. Switzerland is not very big. It's the world's 135th largest country. Four U.S. counties are larger. But what it lacks in size it makes up in other ways. For example, The Economist ranked it the best country in the world to be born in.
2. Confoederatio Helvetica
Switzerland is made up of 26 cantons, many of which were established as sovereign states hundreds of years ago. Then, in 1848, with the establishment of the Swiss Constitution, the cantons joined together to form the Swiss Confederation, or in Latin, Confoederatio Helvetica. That's where the abbreviation "CH" comes from.
Switzerland is a federal states and the cantons still retain strong identities and policy autonomy, in a way that's analogous to the states in the U.S.
3. A multilingual nation
Switzerland has four official languages: German (the most prevalent), French, Italian, and Romansh. Romansh is spoken by less than 1% of the population, and only in a few places in Eastern Switzerland. I personally have never heard an utterance of Romansh. But it's the only language unique to Switzerland, so I suppose it has a special place in the Swiss national identity.
The Swiss have a well-deserved reputation as polyglots. Almost all Swiss people I know speak at least two Swiss languages plus English, and some many more.
4. Let's get physical
This map shows the terrain of Switzerland together with land use. You can immediately see that Switzerland is a mountainous country, with the Alps dominating the southern 2/3 and the smaller Jura Mountains along the northwest border. The bit in the middle, which is also where most of the people live, and most of the agricultural land and industrial production are located, is called the Swiss Plateau.
You'll also notice the lakes. Switzerland has a lot of them, including some of the biggest lakes in Europe. Most Swiss lakes, including Geneva, were formed when the ice sheets of the last glacial period retreated, leaving deep basins carved by ice, and filling with water from the melting glaciers. More on the ice age below.
5. A geologist's paradise
Ok, this one's not a map. It's a geologic cross section (source) showing a very simplified version of what the earth might look like if you cut out a slice 50 km deep and several hundred km long from Italy in the south, through the heart of the Swiss Alps, and north into France. The diagram gives an idea of the folding and faulting wrought by the massive tectonic collision that created the Alps.
In simplest terms, the Alps formed when two tectonic plates, the African and Eurasian plates, collided over millions of years. It all started in the Late Cretaceous, around 100 million years ago, when the ocean that separated what are now Eurasia and Africa began to close. Eventually the two continental masses themselves collided, with rocks on African side thrust up and over the Eurasian plate. The suture where the two plates became fused is called the Insubric Line.
The Alps are tectonically active to this day, raising up on the order of 1 mm per year. To geologists, the Alps are special because they were the first collisional mountain range to be studied extensively and much of the early understanding of structural geology comes from those pioneering Alpine studies.
6. The ice age
Made with the Swiss Federal Geoportal mapping tool
If the great tectonic collision provided the medium of folded, faulted and uplifting rock, the ice ages were the sculptor who fashioned the Swiss Alpine landscape into the wonder that we recognize today. The map above shows the extent of the ice cap that covered much of present-day Switzerland during the last glacial maximum, about 20,000 years ago.
The glaciers carved the spectacular U-shaped valleys and jagged peaks of the Alps. They also created the basins that would eventually be filled with water and form the Swiss lakes. Other evidence of the the glaciers is often visible in Switzerland, such as great boulders carried by the ice and stranded, and gentle hilly moraines that dot the Swiss Plateau.
7. The trains run on time
Back to the present day. One of the best things about Switzerland is the passenger train network, depicted on the map above, which you'll find in every train car and station in the country. It's the densest passenger network in Europe. You really can get just about anywhere on the train, even high into mountain villages on the many cog wheel and narrow gauge lines. And the trains are on time. Well, 95% of them, according to the Swiss national railway company. To really appreciate the attention to detail that the Swiss give to rail travel, check out this incredible diagram.
8. Let's hit the slopes
When you think of Switzerland, you think of skiing, and the Swiss Alps have some of the top ski resorts in the world. One thing I love about the alpine ski resorts, aside from the great slopes, are the beautiful hand drawn piste maps. Here's one of the Grindlewald/Wengen area in the Bernese Oberland. Just looking at it makes me want to start planning next year's ski trip.
9. Direct democracy
"Anti-Einwanderungsinitiative 2014" by Furfur, based on the file Kantone der Schweiz.svg, made by KarzA. – Own work, data source: Neue Zürcher Zeitung: SVP-Abstimmungskrimi vorbei: Die Überraschung ist perfekt. Licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 via Wikimedia Commons.
Switzerland is famous for its direct democracy, the process whereby voters frequently weigh in on referendums, popular initiatives, and even have veto power over laws. The Swiss vote a lot. Elections happen about four times a year and often contain several referendums at the national, cantonal, and local level, as well as ballots for elected representatives.
The map above shows the results of a popular initiative in 2014 that sought to restrict immigration by EU nationals into Switzerland. It passed narrowly, with strong support from the Italian- and German-speaking regions and despite opposition in the French-speaking regions.
Immigration is a contentious issue in Switzerland (as in many other parts of the world). Relative to its population, immigration levels are quite high, compared to say, Germany or even the U.S. In some cases, xenophobia wins out in popular initiatives, such as when the Swiss voted in 2009 to prohibit the construction of minarets.
10. A rich cartographic history
With its varied geography and strong scientific and educational traditions, it's no surprise that Switzerland has produced some stunning cartography. The first official map series to encompass all of Switzerland was produced by Guillaume-Henri Dufour and published from 1845-1865. The result of decades of surveying, drawing, copperplate engraving, and printing, the map achieved a high level of accuracy and detail for its time, and is also distinguished by the attractive use shading to show topography. More information on the Dufour map, as well as the equally impressive Siegfried map is available here.
Swiss excellence in mapping continues to this day. For example, the Federal Geoportal has a great mapping tool that allows you to access and display hundreds of data layers, from road networks to wetlands.
Weighted Density and City Size: Who Knew Milwaukee Is So Dense
You're probably familiar with the concept of population density. It's the total population divided by the area. When talking about cities, it's commonly understood that high population density is a necessary if not sufficient condition for urban vibrancy and efficient mass transit. But it can be difficult to compare population densities of metropolitan areas because the administrative boundaries have an arbitrary effect on measurement. For example, if the LA metro area is defined at the county level and includes all of San Bernardino County, which is mostly empty desert, you get a pretty meaningless density measurement.
Now, you can look at smaller administrative areas to get a better handle on the population density of a city. In the U.S. the census tract is the highest resolution. With the areas and populations of each census tract, you can calculate an even more interesting metric: population-weighted density, which is the the average of each resident's census tract density. That means that areas where more people live get more weight in the overall density calculation.
Another way to think about population-weighted density is the density at which the average person lives. The simple population density of the entire U.S. is 87 people per square mile. That really does not tell us much. But the population-weighted density is over 5,000 people per square mile. The average American lives in an urban area. (That example is from a U.S. Census report on metropolitan areas.)
An interesting (if not intuitive) insight from population-weighted density is the strong relationship between city size and density. Big cities are more dense. The plot below shows the population weighted densities and total populations of the 100 U.S. largest cities (well, technically core-based statistical areas). Click on the image for the interaction version if you want to mouse over the dots to identify individual cities.
Click for interactive version. Note log-log scale.
The cities are categorized by region, showing the general pattern that southern cities are the least dense and northeastern and western cities the most dense. This regional difference is emphasized in the linear fits shown for each region. I was surprised by how dense on average the western cities are. Honolulu is a real outlier in terms of having a high density for its size. Unsurprisingly, the sprawling giants of Atlanta, Dallas, and Houston are low-density outliers.
Incidentally, I got the idea for this graph after listening to a very interesting podcast on Streetsblog about the urban form of Milwaukee. It mentioned that Milwaukee is actually one most the most dense cities for its size, especially when looking in the Midwest. And sure enough, Milwaukee lies well above the blue trend line for Midwest cities. If you have 45 minutes and are interested in Milwaukee you should definitely listen to the podcast. Full disclosure: I was born and raised there.
Technical notes: Plot made with plot.ly using data from U.S. Census. The color palette is inspired by the film Rushmore and is from Karthik Ram's wesanderson R package. Yes, this was all an elaborate excuse to try out the Wes Anderson color palettes.
A nice in-depth look at urban density and implications for transit can be found here.
Finally, if you are interested in extreme urban density, check this out. I can't vouch for the accuracy of the data, but the web site name suggests it's probably pretty legit.
Two Ways to Map Global Mercury Emissions
May 7, 2015 ~ Kenneth J Davis
I've been playing with an interesting dataset recently, and it got me thinking about challenges in effectively visualizing geospatial data. Specifically, how do you best display a continuous variable whose values span several orders of magnitude?
The dataset I'm working with comes from the Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Program. It's a estimate of global anthropogenic emissions of mercury per 0.5 x 0.5 degree grid square. One important reason why AMAP generated these data (and how they did it is an interesting problem and the topic for another post) was to help atmospheric transport modelers who need to know where on earth emissions are coming from. But the data also allow for a nice visualization of global sources of mercury pollution that goes beyond simple maps showing emissions by country.
I'll present two options here, and I'd love feedback on what works best. I think there are also trade-off depending on what the purpose of the visualization is (presentation vs. exploration) and the scale. Both are made on CartoDB. You can zoom, scroll, and click on a point to see the data. Check out the full-screen option which I think is pretty cool.
The first is perhaps the more flashy one. It uses yellow circles whose size are proportional to mercury emissions. There is a multiply effect so areas of overlap appear orange-red.
This one is a more traditional chloropleth approach using an orange-red scale to represent the magnitude of emissions over each grid square.
Some technical notes:
The dataset contains around 45,000 grid squares (areas with no anthropogenic emissions, like oceans, are no data) with mercury emissions ranging from about 10^-5 to 12,000 kg. That's around 8 orders of magnitude. Some quick exploration of the data revealed that almost all the mercury emissions came from less than 10 percent of the model area.
Cumulative sum of mercury emissions (normalized to 1) as a function of magnitude of emissions in each cell. Almost all emissions are from cells with greater than 10 kg emissions. Note log scale on x axis.
Most areas have very small emissions, but a few have very high emissions. The data are like this because the emissions estimates are made using both point sources, "area" sources like artisanal mining, and population as a proxy for some general emissions. In any case, to facilitate visualization I removed the very-low-emissions-value grid squares. The remaining ~5000 squares comprise ~93% of total emissions. These data still have a pareto-like distribution ranging almost three orders of magnitude, but they are easier much easier to display on a map.
Cumulative sum of mercury emissions (normalized to 1) as a function of magnitude of emissions in each cell. Cells with < 50 kg Hg removed. Note log scale on x axis.
Note that the maps display mercury emissions per square km for each cell, not total mercury emissions. That is because the areas of the 0.5 x 0.5 grid cells vary with longitude. Those closest to the equator are larger, closer to the poles are smaller. So it makes for a more accurate display to normalize by the cell area.
An important factor in the visual appearance of continuous data like these is where to choose the breaks separating data points into different colors or sizes. This is especially difficult with pareto or power law distributions. CartoDB has several built in options for binning data. After playing around with them I choose head/tail breaks, which seems to work well on this type of distribution. CartoDB also allows you to easily change the breaks manually with cartoCSS. It was a challenge to find a binning and color/size scheme that portrayed the data in the most accurate way, while also maintaining a clear and striking appearance.
Color on the chloropleth comes from colorbrewer.
For more information on the development on the emissions model, see this paper.