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Home / Team Members
James C. McKeown
Partner Toronto, T: 416.869.2506 F: 416.862.8247 jmckeown@mathewsdinsdale.com vCard
Karin Traeger Assistant 416.862.8280 x307 ktraeger@mathewsdinsdale.com
Law Society of Ontario
McMaster University, B.A. (Hons.)
Queen's University, J.D.
Membership and affiliations
Canadian Bar Association
Ontario Bar Association
Labour relations
Construction labour relations
Litigation and advocacy
Jim is a Partner in our Toronto office. His current practice is focused on guiding employers through Ontario Labour Relations Board proceedings such as certification applications and unfair labour practice complaints. He also has experience with collective bargaining and grievance arbitration in the union setting, as well as human rights tribunal proceedings.
Jim assists employers with both union and non-union workforces in a wide range of industries, particularly contractors of all sizes in the construction industry as they manage relationships with Ontario's construction trade unions.
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The Best Lawyers™ in Canada 2023 recognizes 24 Mathews Dinsdale lawyers, from coast-to-cost, as leaders in the fields of Labour and Employment Law, Workers' Compensation Law, Education Law, Employee Benefits Law and Immigration Law.
Mathews Dinsdale is pleased to welcome Jeffrey Goodman as a Partner to the Firm. Jeffrey is a senior employment litigator with a broad depth of experience defending complex workplace claims, including class actions, discrimination, harassment and wrongful dismissal claims. He is regularly retained as an expert on Canadian employment law in domestic and international litigation, and is a prolific author. Welcome to our team!
Mathews Dinsdale is pleased to welcome Maureen Quinlan as a Partner to the Firm. Maureen is a senior employment litigator with a broad depth of experience defending complex workplace claims, particularly those covered by Employment Practice Liability Insurance. She has significant experience in civil litigation and statutory proceedings. Maureen is panel counsel for several major Canadian insurers in the EPLI area. Welcome to our team!
Mathews Dinsdale lawyers from coast-to-coast recognized in the 2022 Canadian Legal Lexpert® Directory as leaders in Labour Law, Employment Law, Construction Labour Relations, Occupational Health & Safety Law and Workers' Compensation Law.
22 Mathews Dinsdale lawyers, from coast-to-coast, are recognized as leaders in The Best Lawyers™ in Canada 2022 in the fields of Labour and Employment Law, Workers' Compensation Law, Education Law, Employee Benefits Law and Immigration Law.
Mathews Dinsdale is pleased to welcome John Craig as a Partner to the Firm. John's practice is focused on providing strategic advice to employers, and representing them before arbitrators, labour relations boards, human rights tribunals and the courts. Welcome to our team!
Mathews Dinsdale is pleased to welcome John Illingworth as a Partner to the Firm. John's practice includes a broad range of labour and employment issues, with a special focus on workers' compensation, occupational health and safety, and labour relations.
High Stakes Become Higher: Ontario OHSA Amendments Create Historic Director and Officer Fines and Even More Corporate Risk
The Government of ON passed Bill 88, the Working for Workers Act, 2022, which, among other things, contains various amendments to the Occupational Health and Safety Act.
In A Flash
Ontario WSIB Announces New Financial Measures at AGM
The Ontario government has announced a plan to reduce WSIB premium rates for 2022, and to distribute excess surpluses from the WSIB insurance fund to participating employers.
Ontario's Divisional Court Weighs in on the Limits to Barring an Injured Worker's Right to Sue
Court has partially overturned Decision No. 1227/19 of the WSIAT on judicial review, permitting a worker to sue for constructive dismissal and related aggravated, moral and punitive damages, despite the worker being entitled to receive benefits under the WSIA.
Ontario Aims to Streamline Employer OHS Reporting Requirements into a Single Regulation
A new regulation under the Occupational Health and Safety Act will come into force on July 1, 2021 in Ontario.
Ontario's New COVID-19 Paid Sick Days – Reimbursement for Employers and the Role of the WSIB
This article will answer key questions regarding the WSIB's role in reimbursing employers, the application process, and the impact of paid leave on WSIB costs.
Breaking with Traditional OHS Roles at Construction Projects? Ontario Court of Appeal Expands Potential Risk to Owners, Employers
The decision should be of concern to all "owners" and "employers" as it could significantly expand liabilities under the Ontario Occupational Health and Safety Act on construction projects.
OHS in Canada: The Year in Review 2021
Construction Labour Relations in Western Canada: Trends & Changes, and the Impact of COVID-19


An electrician from the local power company visits a classroom to demonstrate how houses get electricity.
Instruction in Social Studies and the Sciences begins with hands-on learning. Key vocabulary is introduced. Field trip experiences and resource persons are critical elements in providing concrete and vicarious learning experiences for the students. In addition to the regular science program, students participate in science laboratory activities as early as kindergarten. Students learn research skills and presentation strategies as early as six years old with the Native American presentations, a year or two later with County Fair studies, then State Fair studies, and finally World Fair studies. The quality of the student presentations, their research, and their displays in the World Fairs and Science Fairs are judged. All elementary students participate in Science Days each year, and Middle School students participate in Science Fairs.
State winner science project on Microbial Biofilms.
State Fair presentation on Rhode Island.
© April 21, 2019; 1:11am MDT – All Rights Reserved.


surfin estate, our journal: White Fence, Sticky Fruitman Has Faith.
White Fence, Sticky Fruitman Has Faith.
An other cool band from Woodsist records.
We take up that sound on the teaser of Polyester, the film by Jack Coleman on Al Knost.


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Children's Books > Children's Mystery Books
Saving the World and Other Extreme Sports:...
(Book #3 in the Maximum Ride Series)
by James Patterson
$4.19 Save $6.80!
Format: Paperback ($4.19 - $10.88)
Condition: Good $4.19
See All 19 Editions from $4.19
Join Max and her friends on a wild ride to save the world. The time has come to face the ultimate enemy . . . but are Max and her Flock ready?The time has arrived for Max and her winged Flock to face their ultimate enemy and discover their original purpose: to defeat the takeover of Re-evolution, a sinister experiment to re-engineer a select population into a scientifically superior master race . . . and to terminate the rest. Max, Fang, Iggy, Nudge,...
Read Full Overview
ISBN:031615427X
Release Date:July 2008
Publisher:Jimmy Patterson
Length:432 Pages
Weight:0.77 lbs.
Dimensions:1.2" x 5.3" x 7.6"
Age Range:12 to 15 years
Grade Range:Grades 7 to 10
6 - 8 Years 9 - 12 Years Action & Adventure Children's Children's Books Fantasy Fantasy & Magic Mysteries & Detectives Mystery, Thriller & Suspense Science Fiction Science Fiction & Fantasy
Max Ride 3 doesn't disappoint!
Published by Thriftbooks.com User , 13 years ago
Having been hooked on the first 2 Maximum Ride books by my best friend, I went on to read the third and it was amazing. Mysteries are uncovered in Saving the World and Other Extreme Sports: The Voice, the true Ari, and Max's family all proved to have intrestingplot twists. My favorite part, however, is Max and the flock's sarcastic wit when they need to use attitude. Don't read in public unless you want to be stared at for laughing out loud (I don' care, but...) Maximum Ride 3 continues to show James Patterson's amazing ability to not have sequels and thirds suck in comparison to the original. I love this book!
What a ride!
What a ride! I'm an adult with teenagers and I often read what they read. This book is a great ride. It's written mostly in the first person with down-to-earth street language (minus the curse words) which works well. By the middle of the book you find yourself convinced that the mutant characters could exist; their world is real. We can't wait till the rest in the series comes in the mail!
A wonderful read!
I know this series is written for teens, but, as an adult, I have loved every one of these books. I also read the two this series is based on, "When the Wind Blows" and "The Lake House". I love everything James Patterson writes. This one, #3, is no exception. The action is non-stop. I love Max's sense of sarcasm, as that's my type of humor, too. This is a perfect, quick, summer read, one I thoroughly enjoyed. I hope there are many more in the series.
Maximum Ride: Saving the World and Other Extreme Sports
I could praise this book in so many ways. Max is even more likeable now, and I'm glad that Fang's blog is actually part of the book as more than just a little extra, and I found some parts that were absolutely hilarious (everything with ter Borcht in it, basically). This book is so wonderful. Just as good as the rest of the series, and I am so sad that it's over. I am definitely going to find some more James Patterson books...
The Best kid series around
James Patterson does a wonderful job of actually feeling like you are the character. Every single page is action packed and a must for kids. This book will make any and I mean ANY reluctant reader begging for more.
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Jitni Dafa Lyrics from Parmanu is romantic song sung by Yasser Desai. Its music is composed by Jeet Gannguli and lyrics are written by Rashmi Virag.
Download the mp3 ringtone jitni dafa sung by Yasser Desai and make it as your phone ringtone For download click here https://ambaniurl.com/Jitanidafa.


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Aiken, Howard Hathaway
Howard Hathaway Aiken (March 8, 1900 – March 14, 1973) was a pioneer in computing, being the original conceptual designer behind IBM's Harvard Mark I computer.
A French physicist and mathematician who is generally regarded as one of the main discoverers of electromagnetism. The SI unit of measurement of electric current, the ampere, is named after him.
Celsius, Anders
A Swedish astronomer, talented mathematician, a professor of astronomy at Uppsala University, the first to perform and publish careful experiments aiming at the definition of an international temperature scale on scientific grounds.
French physicist. He was best known for developing Coulomb's law, the definition of the electrostatic force of attraction and repulsion. The SI unit of electric charge, the coulomb, was named after him.
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(303) 652-0130 enrollment@bvwaldorf.org
Have BVWS Contact Me
Attend a Tour
Waldorf FAQ
Profile of a Waldorf Graduate
Teacher Questionnaire
Innovative Curriculum
Elementary Grades
Extended Care/Camps
BigSIS Portal
School Google Calendar
Everything For Parents
Waldorf Links
the Kinder - 8th Grade Model
Student-Teacher Relationship
Transdisciplinary Thinkers
WAIT THROUGH 8TH FOR SMART DEVICES
the WHOLE CHILD PHILOSOPHY
INSPIRING A PURPOSEFUL LIFE
Red Rose Ceremony at Boulder Valley Waldorf. The first day of school is a rite of passage for the new first graders, marking the beginning of their journey through grade school. Each first grader receives a rose presented by the eighth-grade students, who welcome the young ones in to the "big" school.
Middle school students fare better when they are the "top dogs"
When schools have a longer grade span (such as with BVWS's pk-8th grade school), and middle school students can experience being the eldest, both their academic achievement and their overall learning environment are positively impacted in comparison to middle school students in lesser grade spans (such as a 6-8 middle school) where they restart as the youngest grade (or "bottom dogs").
Schwartz, A. E., Stiefel, L., & Rothbart, M. W. (2016). Do Top Dogs Rule in Middle School? Evidence on Bullying, Safety, and Belonging. American Educational Research Journal, 53(5), 1450–1484. https://doi.org/10.3102/0002831216657177
"We must be guardians of spaces that allow students to breathe, be curious, and to explore."
—Brené Brown, PhD LMSW and Research Professor at the University of Houston
Brené Brown speaks to the importance of a student-teacher relationship and classroom climate that invites in vulnerability, and by doing so, creates courageous classrooms where innovation, creativity, and learning will thrive. A key aspect of Waldorf Education is the ongoing self-education and self-development of the teacher as a learning, growing human being. It is through ongoing striving in this way that the teacher learns to set themselves aside and be "present", listening with the heart to what the children themselves are bringing and to what they need. As trusted and respected role models, Waldorf teachers work together with their students to create a safe, predictable, and inclusive learning environment.
(2017, April 7). Retrieved October 28, 2019, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DVD8YRgA-ck
At Boulder Valley Waldorf, we view the role of the class teacher as extremely important in providing continuity and integration across subject areas and grades, and as a constant guiding presence in the students' social and character development.
Students Socializing at Lunch. At Boulder Valley Waldorf, digital technology is not used for teaching, as we believe children learn best through direct interaction with one another as well as with teachers in exploring the world of ideas, participating in the creative process, and developing their knowledge, skills, abilities, and inner qualities. Technology as a tool begins in the Waldorf 9th grade curriculum. School policies also promote human interaction and relationships, such as declaring the campus a "no cellphone zone" for students, parents, faculty, and staff alike.
There is a reason why top Silicon Valley executives are saying "no" to the smartphone until at least age 14 for their children.
Let kids be kids a little longer. The Wait Until 8th movement empowers parents to say yes to waiting for the smartphone. Why wait?
SMARTPHONES ARE: changing childhood • are addictive • are an academic distraction • impair sleep • interfere with relationships • increase the risk for anxiety and depression • put your child at risk for cyber bullying • expose children to sexual content • Excessive use is altering children's brains • Technology executives ban smartphones for their children •
Wait Until 8th. (n.d.). Why wait? Retrieved from https://www.waituntil8th.org/why-wait
Children's academic achievement improves when they feel safe, supported, and have well-developed abilities for managing stress.
The Whole Child Report outlines key lessons discovered through research in the sciences of learning and development:
The brain and development are malleable.
Variability in human development is the norm, not the exception.
Human relationships are the essential ingredient that catalyzes healthy development and learning.
Adversity affects learning—and the way schools respond matters.
Learning is social, emotional, and academic.
Children actively construct knowledge based on their experiences, relationships, and social contexts.
Darling-Hammond, L., & Cook-Harvey, C. M. (2018). Educating the whole child: Improving school climate to support student success. Palo Alto, CA: Learning Policy Institute. https://learningpolicyinstitute.org/product/educating-whole-child-report
Waldorf schools are known for their welcoming and inclusive environment.
At Boulder Valley Waldorf, teachers are trained to recognize the unique individual and encourage each student to realize their full potential. We provide an education that is developmentally appropriate, based on an understanding of the stages of a child's physical, emotional and intellectual development.
Small class sizes and a class teacher that stays with the same group of students as they move through the grades foster strong personal connections, enabling students to feel safe and supported as they learn. Class teachers greet each student daily with a handshake at the door.
Learning at a Waldorf school happens in context. Subjects are taught in thematic units, utilizing both analysis and synthesis (whole-to-parts and parts-to-whole), which encourages flexibility of thinking. We are committed to teaching with the understanding that all subjects are interconnected and see the curriculum as a meaningful whole. By fusing artistic and academic instruction, we promote more complete learning, thorough retention and engender a deep love in the students for their subjects. Many Waldorf graduates have described their education as "learning to learn", which has given them the confidence to dive into any situation and know they can navigate and problem-solve in the face of uncertainty and complexity.
The world of tomorrow needs people who know how to learn effectively in the moment and problem-solve with a transdisciplinary mindset.
How will emerging technologies transform our lives and how we work over the next decade?
"Workers in the gig economy will self-direct their wage. They'll increase their salary by taking on jobs in which they can learn. People are learning as they go and considering new avenues for their career in the process. This will have wide-ranging implications—on work and educational establishments." –Eri Gentry, Institute for the Future
Jeffrey J Evans, Ph.D. also emphasizes the importance of life-long learning as a key characteristic for jobs of the future. Evans suggests the extent that relevance and timeliness can be successfully applied to solve complex, real-world problems depends on the extent to which the problem can be viewed through a transdisciplinary lens. How well can one integrate knowledge from all disciplines into a meaningful whole?
Institute for the Future. (2017). The Next Era of Human-Machine Partnerships. The Next Era of Human-Machine Partnerships. Retrieved from http://www.iftf.org/fileadmin/user_upload/downloads/th/SR1940_IFTFforDellTechnologies_Human-Machine_070717_readerhigh-res.pdf
Evans, J. (2014). Retrieved from https://polytechnic.purdue.edu/blog/what-transdisciplinarity
A meaningful life transcends the self and the present moment. It is the pursuit of meaning, not happiness, that provides improved health, lifelong satisfaction and resiliency in hardship.
Humans are not unique in their pursuit of happiness, as this pursuit happens across many organisms in the natural world, but we are undeniably unique in our ability to pursue meaning. Meaning connects us to others and enables our survival in the most dire of situations.
"The benefits of purpose in adults are well-documented in medical and academic research: better sleep, longer life, greater happiness, faster healing, and lower rate of serious problems like strokes and cardiovascular disease. The benefits for teens are similar but include an important bonus: better stress management. Purpose is becoming a critical life skill because it helps youth navigate the uncertainty of our fast-changing, technology-rich time."
—Ross Wehner, founder of World Leadership School in Boulder, Colorado, and TeachUNITED
Wehner, R. (2018). A New Focus on Purpose-Based Learning. Retrieved from https://www.nais.org/magazine/independent-school/spring-2018/igniting-the-spark/.
Smith, E. E. (2013, January 9). There's More to Life Than Being Happy. Retrieved October 28, 2019, from https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2013/01/theres-more-to-life-than-being-happy/266805/.
A core belief of Waldorf education is that learning be infused with meaning and purpose. We see ourselves as participating in a purposeful world infused with meaning. We see all humans – children and adults – as infused with purpose and meaning.
Boulder Valley Waldorf School
Formerly
Shepherd Valley Waldorf School
MEET BVWS
About BVWS
Explore our Curriculum
Understand Waldorf
6500 W. Drycreek Parkway
Niwot, CO 80503


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Q: Breaking a wordpress loop, then re-entering after inserting a div I'm building a Wordpress theme based around Twitter Bootstrap. With Bootstrap's responsive layout .row-fluid spans 100% of the page and can have 12 'spans' within one row.

    <?php query_posts('category_name=feature-articles&showposts=6'); ?>
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This creates 6 "span4", which I want to span across 2 different rows - but because of the loop, there's no way to close the original .row-fluid div and open another after 3 posts have been created.
For simplicity's sake, I want to get posts 1, 2 and 3, then close the .row-fluid div and create another, then get posts 4, 5 and 6. Is this possible with a bit of loop manipulation?

A: You'd have to put a counter in the loop, and when it reaches 3, add a close/open tag. I've also added if(have_posts()) to the start of your loop, to avoid errors (also allows you to output a message if there are no posts).

    <?php $i = 0 ?>
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Sometimes we don't feel like eating in the morning, but it's important that we do.
When we don't eat in the a.m. we have a harder time focusing, and become more tired at work. We can get cranky or restless. And it isn't just our moods that can suffer but our work can, too.
Here are some easy & fast breakfast ideas to get you ready for your day….
Whisk egg whites in a bowl and set aside.
Place an omelet pan over medium heat and add olive oil, tomatoes, onions, and basil, cooking until vegetables soften.
Remove vegetable mixture and wipe excess oil from pan.
Coat pan with cooking spray and pour in egg whites, cooking 2-3 minutes or until eggs start to set.
Add vegetable mixture, top with feta, and fold omelet, cooking for 1 minute. Serve immediately.
Save some basil for garnish if desired.
Coat skillet with nonstick cooking spray and heat over medium high.
Spoon enough mixture to create a 7.5 to 10cm round pancake into the skillet.
Cook until underside is slightly browned, then flip and lightly brown other side.
Repeat until all mixture is used.
Preheat oven to 350 degrees F. Line muffin pan and coat with nonstick spray (or add baking cups).
In a separate bowl, whisk egg, vanilla extract, yogurt, and water.
Combine wet and dry ingredients, mixing well. Then pour batter into baking cups and top with walnuts.
Bake for 20 minutes. Let cool 5 minutes before removing from pan.


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Tap The Thumbnail Bellow to See Related Gallery of "Area Rugs Las Vegas Exquisite On Bedroom Intended Fresh 9 Espan Us Within Remodel 7"


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Minority enrollment deserves attention
.Since 1996, minority enrollment at the University, including both undergraduate and graduate students, has remained at a low 13 percent. During the past six years, black and Hispanic enrollment has remained particularly low, as 3 percent of University enrollment is black and 2 percent is Hispanic. Further, since 1996, enrollment of freshmen of color at the University has remained steady at 17 percent.
However, getting minority students to come to the University is only half of the diversity battle. Minority freshmen on this campus are more likely to drop out of school than their white counterparts. Minority students are also less likely to graduate within five years of enrolling at the University; over the last five years the five-year graduation rate for minority students at the University has consistently been 10 percent to 15 percent less than the same rate for white students. The quality of education minority students have received at this University can also be criticized. To wit, a significant plurality of undergraduate minority students at the University is enrolled in the General College, a preparatory, non-degree program.
Given that the minority population in Minnesota as of 2000 was only 12 percent, some might argue that a minority enrollment of 13 percent at the University is appropriate. However, this ignores the fact the University is part of a major urban area where approximately 20 percent of the residents are considered people of color. The University, a major educational, cultural and economic institution in the Twin Cities metropolitan area, should, at a minimum, reflect the makeup of its environs.
Increased minority participation at the University is important for several reasons. As recent census data has revealed, wealth disparity is increasing in the Twin Cities area. A disproportionate number of people of color reside on the low end of the Twin Cities wealth distribution. As a land grant university with a mission to serve the state's people the University needs to take the lead in giving the state's poorer minority residents access to educational knowledge and tools that can be used to generate wealth. As citizens of urban areas all over the country have discovered, many urban ills are mitigated when wealth disparity decreases. Data from Census 2000 also revealed that Minnesota, and especially the Twin Cities area, is quickly becoming more diverse. In the future, people of color will become a larger part of this state's economy, government and culture. The University has a duty to be in the vanguard of preparing the state and its people for its increasing multicultural future.
To be sure, depressed minority enrollment is not entirely due to a lack of effort on the University's part. The University administration has refused to disavow affirmative action in a period where many other institutions throughout the country have. The University also participates in three TRIO programs, a federal government plan that assists students from poor households in preparing for and adjusting to college life. The Office for Multicultural and Academic Affairs is active on campus. Finally, the University makes a strong effort to recruit local inner-city high schools. However, for all of this work, minority enrollment has remained static and low in a quickly diversifying state; improvements in minority recruitment and retention programs at the University need to be made.
Improvement will come if the University becomes even more aggressive in its courting of minority students. The University needs to devote more resources to getting and retaining students of color to campus than it currently does. Further, the University has to strengthen its current affirmative action program and give minority status even more weight in the admission process. Critics of affirmative action, of course, will consider this last suggestion an anathema. Affirmative action critics would argue we live in a meritocracy where the playing field is level for all and all that is required to succeed is hard work. Under this world view institutional racism has been obviated and affirmative action is not only unnecessary but also inefficient and misguided. Yet wealth and opportunity disparity is increasing in this county, and more often than not minorities are in the boats that are not rising. Therefore, unless the critics of affirmative action are actually willing to question the effort and capabilities of this country's minorities, how can the existence of institutional racism throughout this country be denied? Affirmative action is still a viable and important program for this University to use in its attempts to provide educational opportunities to the minority populations of this and neighboring states.


The quality and profitability of high pressure die castings are driven by the tooling design, the layout of the gating system, the thermal control of the die and reproducible manufacturing conditions.
MAGMASOFT®'s unique integrated methodology of virtual experimentation and autonomous optimization lets the software automatically run through various die casting design and parameter combinations. MAGMASOFT® helps identify a set of process conditions best meeting the specified requirements. This is done quickly and comprehensively, matching different objectives considering all driving forces decisive for high pressure die casting quality.
This makes MAGMASOFT® key for part designers, toolmakers and die casters to layout optimal die cast component designs, implement reliable production processes, minimize quality risks, set up reliable process windows and realize the full potential of high pressure die cast materials.


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A Short Treatise on The Guardianship of the Jurist
Preliminary Discussions
1)The Definition of 'Authority' (walaya)
2) The Difference between Guardianship and Representation (or power of attorney) (al-Wilaya versus al Wikala)
3)The Meaning of Jurist
4)The Points of Dispute about the Guardianship of the Jurist
The Types of the Power of Authority (i.e. the eighth type of authority listed above)
The Types of Permission of the Guardian Jurist for the Action of Others
'The Guardianship of the Jurist' in the words of the Shi'a Jurists throughout history
1. Sheikh al-Mufeed, (d. 413 AH)
2. al-Sayyid al-Murtadha (d. 436 AH)
3. Abul Salah al-Halabi (d. 447 AH)
4. al-Muhaqqiq al-Hilli (d. 676 AH)
5. Ibn Fahd al-Hilli (d. 841 AH)
6. Al-Muhaqqiq al-Thani (Nurul Deen al-Karaki, d. 940 AH)
7. al-Muhaddith Faydh al-Kashani (d.1090AH)
8. al-Wahid al-Bahbahani (d.1206AH)
9. Mulla Ahmad al-Naraqi (d.1245 AH)
10. al-Sheikh Murtadha al-Ansari (d.1281)
11. Akhund Muhammad Kadhim al-Khurasani (d. 1329, after being poisoned).
12. Mirza Muhammad Husayn al-Na'ini (d.1355)
13. Sayyid Abul Qasim al-Khu'i (d. 1413)
14. Imam al-Khomeini (d. 1409)
The Role of the Jurist in Different Areas of Jurisprudence
1) Prayer
2) Fasting and Ritual Self-Isolation (i'tikaf)
3) Zakat
4) Khums, Anfal and Kharaj
5) Hajj
6) Jihad
7) al-Hijr (to limit someone's legal competence)
8) Marriage and Divorce
9) Judgment and Sentencing
10) Judicial Punishment and Blood-Money
The Principles Underlying the General Guardianship of the Jurist
The First Principle: Man is Gregarious by Nature
The Second Principle: The Rule Belongs Solely to Allah
The Third Principle: Islamic Jurisprudence is the Constitution of Life, including Government
The Fourth Principle: Islamic Government is a Necessary Part of an Islamic Society
The Fifth Principle: It is Necessary to Appoint a Leader who will take up the role of implementing the Islamic Laws in Order to achieve that Aim
The Sixth Principle: it is not Permissible to Suspend Divine Laws in the Era of Occultation
The Seventh Principle: The Consecutive Indications for the Necessity of the General Guardianship of the Jurist
Textual Evidence which supports the General Guardianship of the Jurist
A. Evidence from the Holy Qur'an
B. Evidence from the Narrations
1-the accepted narration of Umar ibn Handhala
2-the famous (or 'accepted' according to al-Jawahir, 21:394) narration of Abu Khadija
3-The Narrations indicating that the Scholars are the Heirs of the Prophets
4-The Jurists are the Fortresses of Islam
5-The Narration 'the jurists are the trustees of the Messengers'
6-The Holy Letter
Frequently Asked Questions and their Answers
1) What is meant by the Qualified Jurist?
a) Islam (being a Muslim) and Imaan (Faith)
b) Intelligence and wisdom
c) Justice
d) Knowledge and Expertise in the laws of Islam to the Level of Ijtihad (the ability to deduce Islamic laws from the legislative evidence)
e) Strength and Good Leadership
f) Turning away from the Love of this World
g) Masculinity
h) Legitimate birth
2) Is the Jurist Chosen for the position of guardianship by Appointment or by Election?
3) is the System of General or Unconditional Guardianship of the Jurist Compatible with Autocracy or Democracy?
4) if the ruling of a Mujtahid goes against the ruling of the jurist guardian, which one must be followed?
5) if there are Multiple Islamic Countries, should there be one guardian jurist for all, or is it permissible for each country to have its own guardian jurist?
Removing the Confusion about some Narrations that may seem to indicate the Obligation of remaining Silent during the Era of Occultation
The First Narration: the Authentic Narration of Ees ibn al-Qasim
The Second Narration: the (Marfu') Narration of Hammad ibn Isa
The Third Narration: The Narration of Sadeer
The Fifth Narration: the authentic narration of Abu Baseer
Proving the general guardianship of the jurist does not need any textual evidence once the previous seven principles are established. Therefore, the textual evidence that we will discuss in this chapter is really nothing but supportive evidence for what we have already established. Therefore, if some of the chains of the coming narrations are not authentic, or if the indication of some of the narrations is arguable, it does not harm the concept we are trying to prove.
Some scholars have denied the general guardianship of the jurist- including al-Muhaqqiq al-Khurasani 1 and al-Sayyid al-Khui 2, as well Sheikh al-Ansari who said that it would be easier to prove that pigs could fly- because of the deficiency of the textual evidence. This is out of place, because the textual evidence is nothing more than supportive evidence for the general guardianship of the jurist. As for the concept itself, it is one of the self-evident propositions, which need to specific evidence to be proven.
1-Allah, the Exalted, has said:
"And hold fast all of you together, to the Rope of Allah and be not disunited…" 3
It is obligatory for the believers to hold on to the rope of Allah in all their affairs, the most important of these affairs being governance. The rope of Allah during the era of occultation is the qualified jurist, who is the general representative of the Awaited Imam (atfs).
2- "And from among you there should be a group of people inviting to all that is good and enjoining what is right and forbidding what is wrong, and these it is that shall be successful" 4
3-"O you who believe, obey Allah and obey the Messenger and those in charge of the affairs from among you" 5
Using this Ayah as supportive evidence depends on a few points:
-firstly: that the apparent meaning of 'affair' ('al-amr' in 'ulil amr') is leadership, governance and running the affairs of the community. The use of 'affair' (amr) in this way is very common. The Commander of the Faithful (as) said: "when I took up the affair (amr), a group broke its allegiance…"6. He (as) also said: "the most worthy among people for this affair (amr) is the strongest of them for it, and the most knowledgeable of the Command of Allah in its regard."7. Also, in the sermon of the Master of the Martyrs to the companions of Hurr: "We, the household of Muhammad have precedence over those claimants in taking charge of this affair (amr) over you." 8
-secondly: the apparent meaning of the ayah being that the obedience to those in charge of the affair is the same as the obedience to the Messenger. This is supported by the two titles (those in charge of the affairs, and the Messenger) being coupled with one another without any separator between them. Obeying them can have two meanings.
The first is obeying them when they are clarifying the rules of Allah, the Exalted. This cannot be, because it is not a command different to the obedience to Allah which has already mentioned in the ayah. The other meaning is obeying the commands that emanate from them, meaning that they are in charge of running the social, political and judicial affairs of the community, and this must be the correct meaning.
-thirdly: the meaning of 'those in charge of the affair': numerous narrations have been narrated by our scholars with the meaning that those in charge of the affair mentioned in this ayah are specifically the twelve Imams (as) from the progeny of the Prophet (pbuh). Among them is the narration in al-Kafi, through his chain to Burayd al-Ijli from Abu Ja'far (Imam Baqir a.s): "it is specifically referring only to us. He commanded all of the believers until the Resurrection Day to obey us" 9
Because these narrations clearly express that the ayah is referring to the twelve infallible Imams (as), the late Imam al-Khomeini did not use this ayah to prove the guardianship of the jurist. However, it can be said that there is no doubt that the expression 'in charge of the affair' is different to expressions such as 'the close of kin (qurba)' 10 or 'the Household (ahlul bayt)' 11. The latter expressions mean the twelve Imams specifically (as), whereas the former is a general expression that includes anyone who has the authority to take charge of the affair according to the legislation. In the era of the presence of the Imams (as), they are the most complete example of the ones in charge of the affair, and the community was obligated to pay allegiance to them and obey them, without any doubt.
However, during the era of occultation, when the community is deprived of the most perfect example, then the authority to take charge of the affairs goes to he who is closest to the perfect example and that is the qualified jurist, so that he may stop anarchy.
Therefore, the limitation in the narrations is not real. Rather, it is relative 12, meaning that it was only meant to distinguish between the true Imams and the tyrant rulers who were claiming rights that did not belong to them. This does not hinder us from adhering to the ayah in order to establish the right of authority for the one who has this right according to legislation. Al-Kulayni narrated through his chain to the Commander of the Faithful (as): "Know Allah by Allah, the Messenger by the Message and those in charge of the affair by the enjoining good, justice and good actions" 13
In other words, there are three possibilities for the meaning of 'those in charge of the affair' in the ayah:
-the first: any ruler or leader unconditionally, as is the opinion of most of the Sunnis
-the second: the infallible Imams (as) specifically, as is indicated by the apparent meaning of some of the narrations, as is the opinion of the majority of the Shia scholars
-the third: those who have the authority to take charge of the affair- both in terms of the ruling and the specific example- according to the legislation. Therefore, it is not permissible to obey one who does not have a legislative right to take charge of the affair, and the right of obedience is specific to the infallible (as) in his presence, whereas in his absence this right goes to the one who has been appointed by the infallible, either specifically- such as the people appointed by the Commander of the Faithful (as), e.g. Malik al-Ashtar and Muhammad ibn abi Bakr and others- or generally such as the qualified jurist.
4- "Surely Allah commands you to fulfil the trusts to their owners and that when you judge between people you judge with justice; surely Allah admonishes you with what is excellent; surely Allah is All-Hearing All-Seeing." 14
The apparent meaning of 'trust' in the ayah is a general concept that includes the trusts of wealth and so on between people, as well as the trusts Allah has left with his slaves such as His Holy Book and His commands and prohibitions, and the trusts He has left with His vicegerents, which is leadership. They are the ones ordered to take care of the rights of their people and to be just between them, and to rule by what Allah has revealed. A part of the letter of the Commander of the Faithful to al-Ash'ath ibn Qays, his appointee at Azerbaijan reads: "your work is not a source of sustenance for you, rather, it is a trust around your neck" 15
There is no doubt that guardianship is one of the greatest examples of a trust, and perhaps the fact that it is coupled with ruling by justice in the ayah is evidence that it is the example of trust intended here. This is because ruling by justice is one of the affairs of guardianship and one of its branches, and one of the examples of fulfilling the trust to its owners.
The narrations that affirm the guardianship of the jurist in general are very many in number. Al-Naraqi has mentioned nineteen narrations in 'al-Awa'id', of which we will mention the most important ones:
Al-Kulayni has narrated from Muhammad ibn Yahya, from Muhammad ibn al-Husayn, from Muhammad ibn Isa (al-Yaqtini) from Safwan ibn Yahya, from Dawud ibn al-Husayn, from Umar ibn Handhala: "I asked Abu Abdullah (Imam Sadiq a.s) about two men from among our companions who were involved in a dispute with one another about a debt or inheritance. They sought the judgment of the ruler or the judges, is this permissible?
He (as) said: 'anyone who seeks their judgment, in truth or falsehood, then he has sought the judgment of a tyrant. Whatever that ruler rules for him will be considered illegitimate, even if it was right in reality, because he acted according to the rule of a tyrant, while Allah has commanded that the rule of a tyrant should be rejected. He, the Exalted, has said: 'they wish to seek the judgment of the tyrant, while they had been ordered to reject his ruling''.
I said: 'so what should they do?' He (as) said: 'they should look for he among you who has narrated our narrations and looked into what we have made permissible or impermissible and who knows our rulings. They should seek his judgment and be content with this, for I have made such a person a ruler over you. If he rules by our rules and that person does not accept that from him, then he has taken the rule of Allah lightly, and has rejected us, and whoever rejects us has rejected Allah, and this is the edge of associating partners to Allah'". 16
Sheikh al-Tusi narrated with his chain from Muhammad ibn Ali ibn Mahbub, from Ahmad ibn Muhammad, from al-Husayn ibn Sa'id, from Abul Jahm, from Abu Khadija: "Abu Abdullah (Imam Sadiq a.s) sent me to our companions and told me to tell them: 'if a dispute arises between you, or a disagreement about an issue of giving and taking comes about between you, be wary of seeking the judgment of any of those sinful people. Appoint between yourselves a man from among those who know what we say is permissible and impermissible, for I have made such a person a judge. Beware of raising your disputes to the tyrant ruler.'"17
There is no problem with the chains of the two narrations because the scholars have categorised both of them as 'accepted' narrations. As for their indication for our discussion we say:
The narrations speak specifically about judgment. However, there is no doubt that judgment is part of government and that its external power usually comes through the ruler and his police force. Otherwise, the judge himself has no power to implement or prevent. So judgment in itself is not alternate to guardianship, but is one of the tasks and roles included within guardianship.
This is why often the guardian (leader, ruler) himself takes up this task, or the judges take up this task by appointment from him. Therefore, using these two narrations to prove the authority of judgment for the jurists, but then saying they do not apply to them to rule- as is the opinion of most jurists- is not a valid distinction. A number of things indicate this point:
-the first: analysing the Holy Qur'an and honourable sunna shows us that rule (hukm), governance (hukuma), ruler (hakim) and expressions derived from those words are used to described a judge.
An example of the first is the following Qur'anic ayah in which the expression 'hukm' is used to indicate judgment:
"and if you judge between people, judge between them by justice" (4:58).
Similarly, the narration of Imam al-Sadiq (as) through Sulayman ibn Khalid in which the word 'hukuma' is used to indicate judgment: "be conscious of ruling for the ruling belongs to the Imam who is knowledgeable in judgment and who is just between the Muslims, similar to a prophet or a trustee of a prophet." 18
An example of the second is the narration of the Commander of the Faithful (as) in which the expression 'hokkam' (plural of Hakim: governor) is used to indicate governor: "He substituted for them instead of degradation, honour, and instead of fear, security, so they became governing (Hokkam) kings and knowledgeable leaders...they are the governors over people and kings in the extremities of the earth." 19 Similarly the narration from Imam al-Sadiq (as): "Our Shia will be the rulers and the heads (highest authorities) of the Earth in the government of the Qa'im"20.
Therefore the word 'hakim' (ruler) is used to mean both a judge (qadhi) and a ruler (Wali). In fact, the two posts have one general meaning, and this is because there is no implementation for the ruling of the judge unless he is appointed on behalf of the ruler. Because of this, the opinion that 'hakim' is synonymous with 'qadhi' but different to 'wali'-as is the opinion of Sayyid al-Khui 21 -is not supported by the usage of these words in the textual evidences.
-the second: the use of the expression 'over you' by the Imam in the accepted narration indicates superior status and this is the characteristic of the ruler who is in power. If it was supposed to mean judgment only then it would have been more appropriate to say: 'between you'.
-the third: in the first narration, the Imam (as) first uses the expression 'qadhi' and then 'hakim' and 'hakam'. This hints that the meaning is the judgment emanating from the ruler, and not the partial judgment like that between a husband and wife mentioned in the following ayah of the Qur'an:
"a judge from her family and a judge from his family" 22
-the fourth: the Imam (as) says: 'be wary of raising your disputes to the tyrant ruler'. This hints that the obligation is to resort to the just ruler who knows the legislative laws, and is it possible to imagine obligating the people to resort to the just ruler when he has no authority over the affairs of people?!
-the fifth: the fact that 'qadhi' is opposed to 'sultan' (king or ruler) indicates that the 'hakim' and 'qadhi' are different.
The context of the narrations is with regards to judgment and the raising of legal disputes. However, the end of the accepted narration, which says: 'I have made him a ruler (hakim) over you' is a universal principle which is mentioned in order to show the cause for the ruling. Therefore, it is the generality of the evidence, not the specificity of the situation that has authority in this case.
a- Al-Kulayni narrated through an authentic chain from Ali ibn Ibrahim from his father from Hammad ibn Isa from al-Qaddah from Abu Abdullah (Imam Sadiq a.s): "the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) said: 'whoever takes a path seeking knowledge on it, Allah will set him on a path to paradise. The angels lower their wings for the seeker of knowledge out of pleasure with him, and the inhabitants of the earth and the skies seek forgiveness for the seeker of knowledge, including even the whale in the sea...and surely the scholars are the heirs of the Prophets...the Prophets do not pass on dinars and dirhams as inheritance, but they pass on knowledge as inheritance. Whoever takes from this knowledge, he has attained abundant fortune.'" 23
b- The Commander of the faithful (as) said: "the people closest to the Prophets are the most knowledgeable about what the Prophets taught." 24
c- It is narrated from the Prophet (pbuh): "the scholars of my nations are like the prophets of Bani Israil". 25
These narrations are relevant because the scholars being the heirs of the Prophets or those closest to them or like them means that whatever role belonged to the Prophets belongs to them, except those roles about which it has been proven that they cannot be passed on, such as Prophecy, natural guardianship and essential virtues. If you want, I would say: what is meant is that the general roles are transferred to the scholars, including teaching people, guiding them, judging between them and managing their affairs.
The prophets, especially the Messengers (as) from among them, had the right of general guardianship. Allah, the Exalted, says:
"Certainly We sent Our messengers with clear arguments, and sent down with them the Book and the balance that men may conduct themselves with equity; and We have made the iron, wherein is great violence and advantages to men, and that Allah may know who helps Him and His messengers in the secret; surely Allah is Strong, Mighty." 26
The unconditional nature of the narrations means that the general guardianship that belongs to the Prophets transfers to the scholars of Islam.
The claim that what is meant by 'the scholars' is the twelve Imams specifically- as Sayyid al-Khui argues in al-Tanqeeh- is refuted by the fact that there is no evidence for such a specification. In fact, the beginning of the first narration, which says: 'whoever takes a path, seeking knowledge on it' indicates that there is no such specificity. Yes, there is no doubt that the infallible Imams (as) were the scholars who were perfect in knowledge.
Yes, the problem with using the first narration as evidence is that there is a clear expression in that narration that what is passed on as inheritance is knowledge and not general guardianship, and because of the presence of this connected contextual evidence, attributing the 'inheritance' to be for all the roles of the prophets is problematic.
Al-Kulayni narrates from Muhammad ibn Yahya from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from Ibn Mahbub from Ali ibn abi Hamza, who said: "I heard Abul Hassan, Musa ibn Ja'far (as) saying: 'When a believer dies, the angels, the parts of the earth on which he used to worship Allah on and the gates of heaven from which his actions elevate will weep for him. Similarly a crack appears in Islam that will not repaired by anything, because the learned believers are the fortresses of Islam, just as the walls of a city are its fortresses'"27.
The chain of narration: there is no problem with the chain of narration except with regards to Ali ibn abi Hamza al-Bata'ini because he was one of the major figures of the Waqifiya. However, it is possible to trust his narration, either because the one narrating from him is Hassan ibn Mahbub, about whose trustworthiness the scholars agree, or because of the testimony of Sheikh al-Tusi: 'the scholars have acted according to his narrations' 28.
Because of this, many of the great narrators such as Safwan, ibn abi Umayr, al-Bazanti, ibn Mahbub and others narrated from him. We ought to also keep in mind that his conversion to the belief of Waqifiya occurred only after the martyrdom of Imam al-Kadhim (as).
Its content and relevance: Imam al-Khomeini said regarding the relevance of this narration to the ruling under discussion:
'It is an obvious fact, as discussed earlier that within Islam there is a system and a government for all affairs. Thus, there remains no doubt that the jurist is not a fortress for Islam- just as a wall is for a township- except by being the maintainer of all the roles, including implementing justice and the judicial punishments, defending the country's borders, collecting taxes and dues, and spending them for the benefit of the Muslims and appointing premiers in the territories.
Otherwise, mere statutes would not be 'Islam'. In fact, it may be said: Islam is the government in all its roles, and the rules are the laws of Islam, and the rules are among its affairs. In fact, the rules are sought not for themselves but as instruments for implementing the laws of Islam and bringing about justice. Therefore, for a jurist to be a fortress for Islam, just as the walls of a city are a fortress for it, has no meaning unless it means that the jurist should be the guardian, having the same role as the Messenger of Allah and the Imams, may the blessing of Allah be upon all of them, when it comes to the affairs of ruling.' 29
The following quote from Imam Ali (as) from the sermon of Shiqshiqiya, in which he tells of the reason for accepting Khilafa, supports what Imam al-Khomeini says: "if people had not come to me and supporters had not exhausted the argument and if there had been no pledge of Allah with the learned to the effect that they should not acquiesce in the gluttony of the oppressor and the hunger of the oppressed I would have untied the rope of Caliphate". 30
One may argue that what springs to mind from the expression 'protecting Islam' is educational activities, calling to Islam, refuting the objections against Islam and similar things, and that implementation and the execution (of the laws) is a different issue altogether. Otherwise, one would have to say that the infallible Imams- except perhaps the Commander of the Faithful (as)- and many of the jurists throughout the history of the Shi'a were not protectors or fortresses of Islam because none of them had guardianship over the matters of governance or rule.
The answer to this argument is that: the discussion is in the realm of reality, meaning that the real guardianship belongs to the infallible Imam (as) in his presence, while in his occultation it becomes the right of the closest of people to him, and that is the qualified jurist. I
n the practical realm, however, this guardianship depends on the presence of an opportunity for them. Al-Kulayni narrated from Sadeer al-Sayrafi: "I entered upon Abu Abdullah (Imam Sadiq a.s) and said to him: 'by Allah, remaining seated (i.e. not rising up) is not appropriate for you'. He (as) said: 'and why, O Sadeer?' I said: 'because of the multitude of your followers, Shi'a and helpers.
By Allah, had the Commander of the Faithful (as) had as many supporters as you have, the tribes of Taym and Uday would not have coveted against him. He (as) said: 'O Sadeer, how many would they be?' I said: 'a hundred thousand'. He said: 'one hundred thousand?!' I said: 'yes, and two hundred thousand'.
He (as) said: 'two hundred thousand'?! I said: 'yes, and half of the world'. He (as) went quiet then said: 'would it be easy for you to come with us to the pasture?' I said: 'yes'. He ordered for a donkey and a mule to be prepared. I went ahead and mounted the donkey. He (as) said: 'O Sadeer, would you mind leaving the donkey for me?' I said: 'the mule is better looking and nobler (for you)'.
He (as) said: 'the donkey is friendlier towards me'.31 So I came down and he mounted the donkey and I mounted the mule. We kept riding until the time for prayer set in and he (as) said: 'O Sadeer, let us stop here and pray'. Then he (as) said: 'this is a salty land; it is better not to pray here'. So we continued to ride until we reached a red land and he saw a boy looking after a flock of sheep, and he (as) said: 'By Allah, O Sadeer, if our Shi'a were to the number of these sheep, it would not have been appropriate for us to remain seated.' We stopped there and prayed, and when we had finished prayer I went to the sheep and counted them. They were seventeen in number" 32
Al-Kulayni has narrated from Ali ibn Ibrahim from his father from al-Nawfali from al-Sakuni from Abu Abdullah (Imam Sadi a.s) who said: "the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) said: 'the jurists are the trustees of the Messengers as long as they do not enter into the world (dunya).' It was said: 'O Messenger of Allah, what do you mean by their entering into the world?' He (pbuh) said: 'following the (tyrant) ruler; if they do this, then be wary of them when it comes to your religion'". 33
The narration is authenticated in terms of its chain. It is relevant because one can argue that the unconditional expression of the narration indicates that the jurists are the trustees of the Messengers in all matters related to the message, the most clear of which is leadership of the community and the implementation of social justice. What we discussed earlier about the interpretation of the ayah: "Allah commands you to fulfill the trusts to their owners" supports this.
Earlier, we have also discussed the narration from the Commander of the Faithful (as) about the government being the clearest example of a trust. The sermon of the master of the martyrs (as), which he narrates from the Commander of the Faithful (as) also supports this.
In that sermon, the Imam urges towards enjoining good and prohibiting evil: "the running of the affairs and the laws are in the hands of the scholars of God, who are the trustees over his halaal and haraam…O Allah, you know that what occurred was not a competition for power or seeking the vanities of this world, but so that we could return the truths of your religion and bring about good in your land and so that the oppressed among your servants may feel secure…"34.
Yes, one may argue that the expression of the narration is not unconditional because of the end of the narration: 'be wary of them when it comes to your religion' which hinders the establishment of any unconditionality. The apparent meaning of the narration, when one considers its end, is that the jurist who adheres to religion and who is independent in his ability to clarify the laws and who is not following the (tyrant) rulers of the time is the trustee of the Messengers.
Al-Saduq has narrated in Kamalul Din: "Muhammad ibn Muhammad ibn Isam al-Kulayni narrated to us from Muhammad ibn Ya'qub al-Kulayni from Ishaq ibn Ya'qub: 'I asked Muhammad ibn Uthman al-Amri to take a letter of mine in which I had asked about issues which were problematic for me. An answer came to me in the handwriting of our master, the Present Imam (May Allah hasten his reappearance): 'as for the upcoming affairs, refer to the narrators of our narrations, for they (i.e. the narrators) are my proof against you and I am God's proof against them'''35.
The authenticity of the chain of narration depends on the principle of the authenticity of the 'teachers of license', because Muhammad ibn Muhammad ibn Isam has not been praised in any books of biography and so cannot be authenticated except by the fact that he was one of the teachers of al-Saduq. Similarly, Ishaq ibn Ya'qub is unknown and his authentication depends on his being a teacher of al-Kulanyi.
The narration is relevant in two ways. The first is from the aspect of the Imam's words 'as for the upcoming affairs…' while the second is from the aspect of the causality in the Imam's words 'they are my proof against you and I am God's proof against them'.
In order to make the indication of the narration clearer, we say the following:
1-What is meant by upcoming affairs is not the ruling regarding the events, but the affairs themselves. Sheikh al-Al-Ansari, while explaining this narration's indication of the guardianship of the jurist, said in his book 'al-Makaseb': 'the apparent meaning of 'upcoming affairs' is all affairs about which one- according to custom, intellect or legislation- must refer to the leader about, such as ruling with regards to the wealth of those who are unable to do so themselves because of absence, death, young age or foolishness.
Specifying it to the jurisprudential issues is far-fetched for a number of reasons…' He then mentions three reasons and says: 'the result is that the apparent meaning is that the expression 'upcoming affairs' is not specific to that whose ruling is doubtful nor is it specific to the legal disputes' 36
Therefore, the unconditional command to resort to the narrators necessitates resorting to them when it comes to narrations, rulings, solving of conflicts and legal disputes, just as it necessitates resorting to them when it comes to the implementation of jurisprudential rulings as well executing them and operating the guardianship depending on the needs and situations.
2-Obviously, what is meant by 'the narrators of our narrations' is not mere narrators of the expressions of their narrations without any understanding or expertise. The Imam (atfs) did not order his companions to resort to the narrations but to the narrators and said 'they are my proof' and did not say 'their narrations are my proof'. It is certain then that what is meant by this is the jurists whose knowledge is based on the narrations of the holy progeny (as).
3-The Imam (atfs) compared the narrators being a proof to himself being a proof. This comparison apparently indicates that the two expressions are identical in terms of concept and application. Indisputably we believe that the infallible Imam is a proof against us in that he has guardianship over the community in all its forms, including issuing edicts (if the expression is correct), passing judgment, and putting into practice the authority of guardianship and it is not permissible to go against him, and so the same would apply to the qualified jurist.
One may argue that the unconditional expression is arguable because it seems, when one looks at the holy letter, that the original letter of Ishaq ibn Ya'qub had in it a number of questions which were known to the asker, and in each of the Imam's answers he refers to these questions in the answer. Therefore, perhaps what is meant by 'the' in 'the upcoming affairs' is a reference to the events mentioned in the question asked by Ishaq ibn Ya'qub in his original letter.
The answer to this argument would be: the generality of the causality at the end of the Imam's answer necessitates that the narrators are a proof in all affairs.
1. Refer to the commentary on al-Makaseb by al-Muhaqqiq al-Khurasani, p. 93
2. Refer to 'al-Tanqeeh', which is Sayyed Khui's commentary on al-Makaseb, v.2 p. 156-176
3. Refer to ayah 3:103
4. Refer to ayah 3: 104
5. Refer to ayah 4:59
6. Nahjul Balagha, sermon 3.
7. Nahjul Balagha, sermon 173.
8. Biharul Anwar, 44:377.
9. al-Kafi, 1:276.
10. Shura: 23.
11. Ahzab:33.
12. A real limitation is when the examples are exclusively limited to specific people as an 'external proposition', i.e. that concept has no any other examples such as the Word of the Exalted: "Zakaat is only for the poor,..." (9:60). In this Ayah the eligible recipients of Zakaat are exclusively eight groups of people. Whereas a relative limitation is a concept that in a specific time has specific examples as a 'real proposition' such as when you say: 'Zaid is the most learned person' by which you mean in his time and place not at all times and places.
13. al-Kafi, 1:85
14. Refer to ayah 4:58
15. Nahjul Balagha, Letter no. 5
17. al-Tahtheeb, 6:303
18. Wasailul Shi'a, 27:17
19. Nahjul Balagha, sermon 192
20. Bihraul Anwar, 52:372
21. al-Tanqeeh, 2:169
24. Nahjul Balagha, wisdom no. 96
25. Biharul Anwar, 2:22
26. Refer to ayah 57:25
28. Uddatul Usool: 61
29. al-Bay' 2:632-633
30. Nahjul Balagha, Sermon 3
31. Note the humbleness of the Imam (as) in preferring a cheaper transport for himself.
32. al-Kafi, 2:242-243
34. Tuhaful Uqool: 172, sermon 131 in Nahjul Balagah is similar to this
35. Kamalul Deen, 2:483
36. al-Makaseb
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The Spread of Islam, From its beginning to the 14th Century
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Einstein's Paradox: God's Omniscience and Man's Freewill
Hijab, A Divine Value
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Miracle or Mirage? The Paradox of Miracles & Science
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text:
Dedicated worker receives car from CEO after walking all night to work
by: Kayla Gladney
Posted: Jul 16, 2018 / 09:12 PM CDT / Updated: Jul 17, 2018 / 11:56 AM CDT
HOMEWOOD, Ala. (WIAT) — The story of a dedicated man who was willing to walk all night to be on time for his first day of work has gone viral, prompting an outpouring of community support and a generous move by his employer's CEO.
Walter Carr works for Bellhops, a moving company that was hired to help a Pelham family move over the weekend.
Pelham Police spotted Carr after he was four hours into his trek from Homewood to Pelham, a distance of at least 14 miles. Police picked him up and took him to breakfast. After learning that his car had broken down the night before and that he had been walking since midnight, the officers gave him a ride to work.
Police took Carr to a Pelham home where Bellhops was scheduled to help move a family. Upon arrival, officers and Carr met Jenny Lamey. Officers were impressed with Carr's story and shared it with Lamey, who then shared it with the world.
"Yesterday was a long day. But a good day. Chris and I woke up around 5:45am to get everything staged and ready for the movers. Around 6:30am the doorbell rang. It was a police officer. He proceeded to tell us that he had picked up 'this nice kid' in Pelham early this morning. 'The nice kid', Walter, said he was supposed to help us with our move today. It was his first day on the job with this moving company (Bellhops) and he was 'training' today," Lamey explained in a now-viral Facebook post.
"The officer proceeded to tell us that the previous evening Walter's car broke down and he didn't know how he was going to get to work. So he left Homewood at MIDNIGHT and started WALKING to Pelham on 280. For those reading this that are not local, that's over 20 miles."
Lamey went on to share more of Carr's personal story, adding that his family moved to Birmingham after losing their home in Hurricane Katrina.
Even after walking over half of his trip, Carr declined Lamey's offer to rest before the rest of the moving crew arrived, getting right to work.
Lamey described Carr as humble when she asked him to tell an employee of the moving company what he did to get there.
"Walter said 'I walked'. That was it. Humble. I asked him to share a little more and when he did, the crew was in awe of him too! I don't know that Walter would have shared if I hadn't asked him to."
After hearing about Carr's inspiring journey to work, the CEO of Bellhops decided to surprise him with a gift. On Monday, CEO Luke Marklin gifted Carr his 2014 Ford Escape.
A GoFundMe page has been set up to help Walter Carr. Click here to donate.
For more information on Bellhops, visit the website here.


text:
How To Use Loli-O's!
Puts the "treat" in treatment!
Loli-O's was conceived over 5 years ago by a 23 year veteran Paramedic while transporting a young child. The physician ordered the patient to receive continuous breathing treatments during the transport to another hospital which was over an hour away. The patient was already anxious and apprehensive due to the new onset of asthma as well as the attempts at delivering mask and mouthpiece nebulizer treatments in the ER. During the transport, the patient would become more excited and upset during the treatment attempts which in turn caused the shortness of breath to increase, the heart rate to increase and the oxygen level to decrease. Definitely not the direction to go! The Paramedic then attempted to deliver the treatments by just allowing the nebulizer to "blow" the treatment into the child's face which met the same results as the other methods. It was a no go as well. While at a convenience store after the transfer, the Paramedic noticed a man with a small child at the checkout when the child grabbed a whole handful of lollipops and placed them on the counter! That was it! Lollipops! Now 5 years later, Loli-O's is ready to help kids get the treatments they need with a lot less anxiety and a whole lot more fun!
Join our email list for news and coupons!
This brand new pediatric nebulizer device will make giving breathing treatments to kids a breeze! Loli-O's uses Dr. John's lollipops proudly and exclusively. They are sugar free, gluten free, dairy free, manufactured in a peanut free facility and contain no dyes. The best part is they come in 5 different flavors and are delicious! Always use under adult supervision and recommended for ages 3+.
Copyright © 2020 Loli-O's


With twenty years of experience in plantation shutters Fit-ex offer you the best quality product range with the promise of a Price Guarantee that cannot be beaten.
Our products too are impressively guaranteed for three years from the date of installation.
Based in your area our Fit-ex operator has many shutter samples for you to examine at your leisure and our trained staff can assist with any type of enquiry.
We also offer a free home visit and professional measure service so that you can pick and choose how to shop with us.


text:
Ben Shaoul
Robert A.M. Stern
Construction Watch
By Zoe Rosenberg@zoe_rosenberg May 19, 2014, 5:55pm EDT
South of Chambers Street is experiencing a condo surge with the Alliance for Downtown New York claiming that 1,346 condominiums and 1,500 rental apartments are planned or already under construction. Here are the biggies: Robert A.M. Stern's 30 Park Place will bring 157 condominiums to the neighborhood at an average price of $3,200 per square foot, developer Ben Shaoul will be bringing 161 condos to the upper floors of the former Verizon building at 140 West Street, and the 191 condos at 50 West Street will average $1,900 per square foot. [WSJ]
30 Park Place
30 Park Place, New York, NY
50 West Street, New York, NY 10280
Next Up In Ben Shaoul
Lower East Side's Katz's Deli-adjacent condo gets its facade
Ben Shaoul's 'attainable' Upper East Side condo debuts apartments by Bravo design star
Touring Ben Shaoul's 'attainable' Upper East Side condos
Residents at Ralph Walker Tribeca Will Be First To Get Super Fast Internet
Ben Shaoul's 'Attainable' UES Condos Launch Sales from $880K
New Looks at Ben Shaoul's High-End East Village Condos


Training students for successful careers in the allied health care, business, and technical fields since 1984..
IntelliTec College has been training students for successful careers in the allied health care, business, and technical fields since 1984. IntelliTec College offers specialized career training with plenty of hands-on learning opportunities at three different campuses in Colorado.
The campuses of IntelliTec College provide classroom and learning environments that are very similar to those that are currently used in the industries, thereby preparing students for their future work environments. Students at IntelliTec College benefit from small class sizes with professors who are professionals in their fields. IntelliTec College offers short term programs that are designed to prepare students for successful careers in their chosen fields.
In order to accommodate students busy schedules, IntelliTec College offers day and evening classes. After graduation, a dedicated career services department helps students with job placement services.
IntelliTec College has three campuses in Colorado: Colorado Springs, Grand Junction, and Pueblo.
Students at IntelliTec College are both traditional students and working adults with other life responsibilities. Students can attend day and evening classes, depending on their schedule. Students at IntelliTec College are driven and motivated to earn their degree in a short amount of time and begin their careers in the allied health, business, or technical fields.
Students who attend IntelliTec College will receive plenty of hands-on experience, which is critical to success in their chosen fields. Flexible scheduling options and three campus locations make it easy for students across Colorado to attend IntelliTec College. Students who attend IntelliTec College receive an excellent education and future career opportunities.


text:
Q: Start VNC server on Ubuntu Gnome I'm trying to start a VNC server with Tight VNC Server on one Ubuntu Gnome PC and connect to it from another Ubunt Gnome PC with Remmina. This is my xstartup file:
#!/bin/sh
# Uncomment the following two lines for normal desktop:
unset SESSION_MANAGER
exec /etc/X11/xinit/xinitrc
[ -x /etc/vnc/xstartup ] && exec /etc/vnc/xstartup
[ -r $HOME/.Xresources ] && xrdb $HOME/.Xresources
#xsetroot -solid grey
#vncconfig -iconic &
#xterm -geometry 80x24+10+10 -ls -title "$VNCDESKTOP Desktop" &
#twm &
if test -z "$DBUS_SESSION_BUS_ADDRESS" ; then
    eval `dbus-launch --sh-syntax –exit-with-session`
    echo "D-BUS per-session daemon address is: \
    $DBUS_SESSION_BUS_ADDRESS"
fi
exec  gnome-session

But all I get is this when I try to connect:

Does anyone know what I'm doing wrong?


text:
Keras: The Python Deep Learning library with Tensorflow and CNTK
ASHWANI KUMAR Ambassador
updated one year ago
Hey, This is my first article, I hope you find informative. Currently, I get interested in the AI & Machine Learning. And start learning by experimenting as well. I usually use Tensorflow and CNTK in Parallel. So, First I give a little Introduction to both like What they are and What they do?Tensorflow is an open source software library for numerical computation using data flow graphs. Nodes in the graph represent mathematical operations, while the graph edges represent the multidimensional...
Natural Language Toolkit
Open-source software
Introduction to Google ARCore Development
Lars Klint Gooroo
In the past couple of years, if not more, the technology of virtual, augmented and, lately, mixed realities have taken a huge leap forward both for consumers as well as enterprise. Initially augmented reality (AR) almost entirely consisted of overlaying data on the real world, triggered by a shape, a logo, a QR code, or something else that could be easily recognised. Most of all it was very similar to a heads up display. Not really interacting with the real world, not really being part of your reality.
How to debug Django web apps using chrome developer tools and Django Debug Panel
Timothy Baker Ambassador
Django is a great framework for developing fast web applications with python, and it can certainly save you a ton of time if you are using python. It's one of my favorite frameworks that is around right now, and I think they do best at describing why right on their website. "Django, the web framework for perfectionists with deadlines"It's the framework that I choose if I need something up and running, yesterday, but I still want it to be something I would not be embarrassed that I'm the...
Tech skill and Salary analysis - United States and Australia
Carl Joseph Gooroo
Tech job seekers, both active and passive, are willing to make a move for the right offer. But when is the right time to move? Since the technology sector is ever expanding and evolving, it is hard to know when the market is best placed for a strategic relocation into another role. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the employment of tech and computer occupations is expected to grow 12% by 2024, greater than the average for all other occupations. Now more than ever it is important that...
Magneto Development: Things to remember while developing a Magneto website
Ankur Purohit
If you are looking forward to launching an e-commerce website, then you must get an idea about the merchandises you are going to sell and the visual layout of your website. Being a business owner, you should make a proper plan while choosing the platform and theme for your upcoming website.Most business persons choose Magento development for creating a fully-functional yet secure e-commerce store. However, you cannot come up with a successful online store by just picking the engaging theme and loading...
Microsoft Edge Extensions
Alex Mackey Gooroo
One of the most requested features for Microsoft Edge is extensions – and for good reason!Many of us take for granted being able to use browser based plugins such as LastPass's password manager or extensions for existing applications such as EverNote, OneNote & Skype. One of the first things I noticed when playing with Edge was the lack of a password manager which made everyday use very hard.The omission of extensions in a browser has the potential to severely impact uptake from every day users...
Two Strategies for Crossing Origins with Performance in Mind
Nik Molnar Gooroo
The web's same-origin policy is one of the cornerstone mechanisms upon which web security is built. It restricts the way that resources can be shared between web applications that have differing protocols, hosts or ports.A few years ago, the Cross-Origin Resource Sharing (aka CORS) specification extended the policy to enable various scenarios that were previously restricted. While the new scenarios are certainly useful, they introduce new considerations for the performance minded. The remainder of...
Program optimization
Tech Industry Salaries The Steadiest In 12 Months, According to Latest Stats From Gooroo
In the past month, tech professionals in Australia, the US and UK have seen the steadiest rates of salary and demand overall for the past year, varying by less than 0.3% from October.While Australia saw average salaries for mobile related positions fall by approximately 6% in November, an increase in infrastructure, big data and database salaries kept the average tech salary stable at $104,200 AUD."Mobile skills aren't going to fall out of favour anytime soon," says Greg Muller, CEO and Founder of...
Microsoft System Center
Windows Script Host
Australian Tech Jobs On The Rise While USA Faces Continued Decline, According To Latest Gooroo Stats
Australian tech jobs are seeing the highest average advertised salaries since March while the USA sees further declines, the October statistics from tech job analysts Gooroo reveal.In the three months to October 2015, the average advertised salary of Australian tech positions has increased by 1.4%, 1.2% and 2.0% in August, September and October respectively. The average salary for tech professionals in Australia is now AUD$104,301.Conversely, the United States of America has seen a marked decline...
Sketch To HTML Conversion Service Providers for Responsive Web Design
As there is a continuous race between Sketch to HTML service providers to offer distinguished services, it is a must for the clients to know the benefits that are there to be availed. The rewarding sketch technique is not less than a wonder for the developers to implement easy to use interface over the website. Moreover, a number of companies are there that are offering exceptional conversion services.Sketch to HTML has always been considered an ideal conversion technique by the web developers to...
Last updated: one year ago	by	ASHWANI KUMAR
Last updated: one year ago	by	Lars Klint
Last updated: 2 years ago	by	Timothy Baker
Last updated: 2 years ago	by	Carl Joseph
Last updated: 3 years ago	by	Ankur Purohit
Last updated: 3 years ago	by	Alex Mackey
Last updated: 3 years ago	by	Nik Molnar
Last updated: 3 years ago	by	Tom Hardy


text:
La route 374 est une route secondaire de la Nouvelle-Écosse d'orientation sud-nord située dans les régions du sud, du centre et du nord de la province. Elle relie principalement Sheet Harbour à New Glasgow, traversant une région extrêmement isolée de la province. Elle est tout de même une route moyennement empruntée, puisqu'elle relie 2 villes majeures de la province. De plus, elle mesure 86 kilomètres, et est une route asphaltée sur l'entièreté de son tracé.

Tracé
La route 374 débute à l'est de Sheet Harbour, à East River Sheet Harbour, sur la route 7, la route côtière. La 374 commence par se diriger vers le nord pendant une quarantaine de kilomètres, jusqu'à Trafalgar, «halte routière», puisque la 374 traverse une région très isolée, ne possédant presque aucun service le long de celle-ci. Elle passe notamment près des lacs Marshall Flowage, Anti Dam Flowage et Governor. Après Trafalgar, elle continue de se diriger vers le nord en arrivant dans une zone de plus en plus urbanisée, alors qu'elle approche de New Glasgow. Elle atteint finalement Stellarton, où elle est nommée la rue Foord, puis elle croise la route 104, la Route Transcanadienne, à sa sortie 24. Elle se termine 3 kilomètres au nord, sur la route 289, près du centre-ville de New Glasgow.

Intersections principales

Communautés traversées

East River Sheet Harbour
Lochaber
Trafalgar
Lorne
Hopewell
Riverton
Stellarton
New Glasgow

Notes et références

Annexes

Bibliographie

Liens externes

Route en Nouvelle-Écosse

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


We've been talking a lot recently about corporate social responsibility here on the Logistics Bureau blog and that's fine, because it's a topic well worth talking about. In fact, this post focuses on why you should talk about the CSR efforts being made by your organisation, while also revealing three communication mistakes that you should try hard to avoid.
The first and worst mistake would be to remain tight-lipped and reticent about communicating corporate social responsibility progress and achievements.
If your company doesn't tell the world about what's going on in its corporate social responsibility program, someone else will.
More than likely that somebody will be the media, which means there is a very real chance that your company's CSR efforts will be misrepresented. Far better for you to get the communication out there and make sure it accurately reflects what your CSR policies aim to achieve.
There is not a corporation in the world that doesn't face some challenges and setbacks in its corporate social responsibility efforts. That means that if you only discuss the positive aspects of your company's CSR program when you put out your reports or bulletins, your credibility might be called into question.
Be honest and open. Discuss the areas where your organisation is experiencing difficulties. Just as importantly though, communicate your plans for overcoming those difficulties. Society will appreciate the honesty. You might be surprised too, how often others are prepared to help, or at least provide some advice based on their own experiences.
While it's vital to communicate corporate social responsibility plans, that doesn't mean you have to issue a press release for every minor step you take towards realizing your strategic goals (Your company does have a CSR strategy doesn't it?).
Letting your customers and stakeholders know about the work you are doing for people and the planet, as well as for profit, is a way to increase transparency and promote confidence in your brand.
Keep people informed about your CSR successes, challenges and aspirations. Where's your company headed on the journey? Where is it now? How do you plan to attain your objectives and how far have you come?
By telling the world your company's CSR story while avoiding the mistakes outlined in this post, you can make sure the right version is heard and that nobody uses your silence as a reason to tell your story their way.


text:
Lady Panthers defend the pit against Lady Comets
Yovanni Fields
MONTICELLO – The Lady Panthers executed on both sides of the court in a non-league matchup against Fallsburg to defeat the Lady Comets 52-18, a convincing win for the Monticello squad. The Lady …
Aaliyah Mota scores two of her 22 points against the visiting Lady Comets to lead the charge in the Lady Panthers 52-18 win in the pit.
Yovanni Fields | Democrat
Emily Perna scored 7 points for the visiting Lady Comets in the tough loss to the Lady Panthers.
Posted Tuesday, January 24, 2023 6:30 am
MONTICELLO – The Lady Panthers executed on both sides of the court in a non-league matchup against Fallsburg to defeat the Lady Comets 52-18, a convincing win for the Monticello squad. The Lady Panthers were led by a monster 22-point outing from Aaliyah Mota, with 13 of those points coming in the second half.
Mota was locked in on both ends of the court, coming up with multiple steals and fast break buckets to keep Monticello in full control of this game from the jump to the final buzzer. Janee Vias added 14 points for the Lady Panthers, including six first-quarter points on back-to-back 3s to set the tempo early.
On the defensive end, Monticello initiated a full-court press that rattled the Lady Comets' guards.
The Lady Panthers closed out the first half on a 15-2 run to take a 27-7 lead into the half. They continued the trend in the third quarter, outscoring their opponents 12-3 to end the third quarter with a 29-point lead.
Emily Perna led the Lady Comets' scoring in the fourth quarter, scoring four of her seven points in the frame. She accounted for half of Fallsburg's second half scoring, attempting to cut the deficit created by multiple empty possessions and turnovers caused by the Lady Panthers smothering defense.
Both coaches expressed that they have things to take from and build off of after this matchup.
Sheila Burns, coach of the Lady Panthers, gave a huge shoutout to her seniors for setting the tone early and was excited about the play from her young core as well.
Coach Michael Ballard of the Lady Comets had some great things to say about both ball clubs and stated him and his girls will be ready for the matchup to come this following week.
Liberty offense heats up in road win
Lady Wildcats win non-league clash against Class D rival
Divisional dynamics
Then and now...
Darius Lee Memorial Classic tips off tonight
LOCH SHELDRAKE – The SUNY Sullivan Generals are back in action tonight following a win over Dutchess Community College on Tuesday to bring their season record to 13-5. The No. 13 team in the …
PA coyote/predator contests!
Reading an article on Coyote/Predator contests written by outdoor writer Mark Nale was very interesting. Mark said there will be about 26 contests held this winter in Pennsylvania. Some will consist …
LIBERTY – As part of his poignant life lessons, Ebeneezer Scrooge in Lewis Carroll's novel "A Christmas Carol", found himself being revisited by Ghosts of Christmas Past. …
WEST POINT – It's 6:00 p.m., and as the Army athletes have just packed up and exited the Gillis Field House at West Point when the legion of OCIAA division 2, 4, and 6 field enter …
LIVINGSTON MANOR – After early season cancellations and postponements, the Lady Wildcats got their first look at the Lady Blue Devils on Tuesday afternoon. Many of the players on the court were …
Read more sports stories


People gathered for a Christmas celebration at the Dale Hollow Pharmacy, owned by Thomas Weir, in 2015.
A federal judge has temporarily shuttered a pair of problem pharmacies on the Cumberland Plateau. The legal action is "a first of its kind action" by the Justice Department in a crackdown on prescription opioids.
The two pharmacies in Celina were already well-known to state regulators. Dale Hollow Pharmacy is one of the top dispensers of opioids per capita in the country, followed close behind by Xpress Pharmacy, which is just 100 yards away and owned by the same person, Thomas Weir.
Federal prosecutors, who announced the action Friday, say in court documents that on Saturdays, nearly 90 percent of the prescriptions were filled for opioids, with many patients driving long distances to pick them up. The Justice Department says recently, at least two people with multiple prescriptions filled at the pharmacies died of overdoses.
The pharmacies also did big business in buprenorphine, used to treat opioid addiction. But they sold an abnormally high amount of a special formulation that lacked the abuse-deterrent ingredient naloxone.
The pharmacists themselves had been in trouble for years, with two of them (Michael Griffith and Larry Larkin) losing their licenses previously for their own drug abuse. The pharmacist in charge, John Polston, has also served a state-imposed suspension.
Along with shutting down the pharmacies, federal authorities are also seeking monetary penalties for improper distribution of controlled substances and making false claims under Medicare. But authorities have not made public any criminal charges.
Clay County has been under scrutiny for years, with the Drug Enforcement Agency putting the community on notice last year. According to TennCare data, Clay County had the highest rate of controlled substance prescriptions in the state during 2018 with more than four per TennCare patient.


text:
module RubiGen

  # Manifest captures the actions a generator performs.  Instantiate
  # a manifest with an optional target object, hammer it with actions,
  # then replay or rewind on the object of your choice.
  #
  # Example:
  #   manifest = Manifest.new { |m|
  #     m.make_directory '/foo'
  #     m.create_file '/foo/bar.txt'
  #   }
  #   manifest.replay(creator)
  #   manifest.rewind(destroyer)
  class Manifest
    attr_reader :target

    # Take a default action target.  Yield self if block given.
    def initialize(target = nil)
      @target, @actions = target, []
      yield self if block_given?
    end

    # Record an action.
    def method_missing(action, *args, &block)
      @actions << [action, args, block]
    end

    # Replay recorded actions.
    def replay(target = nil)
      send_actions(target || @target, @actions)
    end

    # Rewind recorded actions.
    def rewind(target = nil)
      send_actions(target || @target, @actions.reverse)
    end

    # Erase recorded actions.
    def erase
      @actions = []
    end

    private
      def send_actions(target, actions)
        actions.each do |method, args, block|
          target.send(method, *args, &block)
        end
      end
  end

end

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Farnborough Murder: Man Bailed By Police
A man arrested in connection with the death outside the Old Courthouse pub in Farnborough last weekend has been released on bail.
The 37-year-old man from Farnborough was arrested on April 16th and has been bailed until June 14 2012.
An inquiry was launched on Sunday (April 15) after Ray Dibbs, 36 years old, died after being found outside the Old Courthouse pub in Cove Road, Farnborough on Saturday evening (April 14) with a head injury.
The businessman lived with his partner Rachel and their two children Harley, three, and Lily, 10, and Rachel's son Zack, 17.
In a statement she said: ''Ray was a loving partner. He loved his children Harley and Lily and he also loved my eldest son Zack.
''He was a really good friend to all his friends, who worked hard and was a very good businessman.
''I just miss him so much.''
Mr Dibbs' mother and father Roland and Sophia added:
''We are absolutely devastated and this has come as a huge shock to us. We cannot understand how this has happened. Ray was not a violent person or likely to get into any fights.
''He was a very successful businessman who worked hard all his life and has never been out of work. He was very popular and well liked.
''He was also a very good modern father who didn't mind changing nappies and getting involved in bringing up his children.
''Ray's family would like to thank all their friends for their support at this difficult time.''
Detective Chief Inspector Tim Rowlandson said:
"We continue to appeal to anyone who was in or near the pub before 6.30pm on Saturday night to make contact with us if we haven't already spoken to them."
Anyone with any information is asked to contact Aldershot CID on 101 quoting Operation Ancaster or via the website
www.hampshire.police.uk/internet/contact/message_officer.htm
You can also call the charity Crimestoppers line on 0800 555 111 where information can be left anonymously.
Minicom users should call 01962 875000.


text:
All six candidates running for federal office in the Kootenay-Columbia riding were in attendance at the Creston Valley Chamber of Commerce 2019 election forum on Oct. 16. (Photo Jenneil Peters)
Kootenay-Columbia candidates attend Creston Valley Chamber of Commerce 2019 election forum
About 120 people attended the Creston Valley Chamber of Commerce 2019 election forum on Oct. 16 at the Prince Charles Theatre.
Jenneil Peters
Oct. 18, 2019 10:30 a.m.
All six candidates running for federal office in the Kootenay-Columbia riding were in attendance: Abra Brynne (Green), Robin Goldsbury (Liberal), Trev Miller (Animal Protection), Rob Morrison (Conservative), Wayne Stetski (incumbent, NDP) and Rick Stewart (People's Party).
The event was moderated by Creston Valley Advance publisher Brian Lawrence and 94.1 Juice FM reporter Jensen Shields.
The forum opened with two-minute opening statements followed by questions previously submitted by locals via email.
Candidates fielded questions on security for seniors, climate change emergency, carbon tax, supply management for dairy farmers, universal pharmacare, and small business.
Goldsbury was the first to tackle the question of security for seniors emphasizing the Liberal Party's promise to boost Old Age Security at 75 and increase the Canada Pension Plan for widows.
Miller discussed the Animal Protection Party of Canada's strategies for combating climate change which included the removal of large subsidies from "ecologically ruinous industries" and divert the funds to strengthening the environment and climate change in Canada.
Morrison echoed the Conservative Party of Canada's promise to cancel the carbon tax when asked if he thought it was fair to impose the B.C. carbon tax on the rest of Canada.
When asked if the New Democrat Party would either eliminate or protect supply management for dairy farmers, Stetski reiterated the party's vow to protect supply management.
Stewart, from the People's Party of Canada, discussed replacing the Canada Health Transfer cash payments with a permanent transfer of tax points of equivalent value to provinces and the territories, giving the regions a stable source of revenue.
When asked if the Green Party would support the Canadian Federation of Independent Businesses' proposal to reduce CPP and EI contributions from small businesses, Brynne discussed the importance of small businesses in Canada and the Green Party's commitment to a vibrant green economy.
Each candidate ended the forum with a two-minute closing statement.
Watch the Creston Valley Chamber of Commerce 2019 election forum in its entirety below.
WATCH: Mobile glass blowing studio sets up shop in Kimberley
Kimberley Riverside Campground will remain a campground, Mayor McCormick says


Lee Sklar interview and more!
Music from my new project "Global Chaos" - What do you think?
Dingwall NG-2, Not your average token lefty.
SOLD Dingwall Z-1 5 String Fretless Amazing Quilted Bubinga Top!
SOLD Fender Custom Shop '58 P-Bass PB Relic, Blue Sparkle, Birdseye , Masterbuilt?!
Dingwall Z3 mod to 6-way switch: Which pickup combo for 6th position?
I played a Dingwall last night!
For Sale Dingwall NG3, 3-pickups! Laguna Seca Blue 5-String Bass, New & In-Stock!
Dingwall NG3 5-String Laguna Seca Blue, In-stock & Ready to Ship to YOU! FREE Premium gigbag!
Dingwall NG2 w/ebony board??? WHERE?!
So when did they make these, and where do I get one? Seems to be a Ferrari Yellow NG-2 with an ebony board and Carbon Fiber guard. NEED.


Latest and modern hijab fashion & Hijab styles for Muslim women, teenage girls and kids. Wedding hijabs styles trends 2013 for Arabian, Asian, European, and African.
Modern Man's World is a fashion and entertainment resource for the modern gentleman with product reviews, guides and how-tos when it comes to the world of fashion. Connect with other gentlemen, share tips and fashion advice here!
A fashion, beauty, and lifestyle blog that showcases how to thrift shop and put together fashionably relevant looks. We also talk about love life and everything in between for teenagers to young women.
An motivational website with fashion ideas, style tips, and clothing advice for all style types, people, occasions, and holidays. If you need clothing inspiration, visit us.
Hi, I am Mr. Renny Halim who.has printkaoskeren.blogspot.com. I can print tshirt directly from DTG printer. I use DTG ink from USA and standard distro T shirt.
Butik Online yang menyediakan busana muslim dan busana wanita berkualitas dengan harga terjangkau. Memberi kesempatan bagi siapa saja untuk menjadi reseller dropship.
Buy Rhonda Allison products fron skincarebyalana.com. Rhonda Allison focuses heavily on using only organic, natural products to give your skin the nutrition it needs to remain healthy, vibrant, and full of life.


Chrome 58+, ERR_CERT_COMMON_NAME_INVALID and missing_subjAltName | Diladele B.V.
After Chrome 58+ started to check for presence of subjAltName extension in SSL certificates presented by the remote sites, it turned out that the order of sslbump directives that Admin UI generates is not completely incorrect. If you have blocked http://www.youtube.com in Web Safety, then accessing https://www.youtube.com in Chrome 58+ results into ERR_CERT_COMMON_NAME_INVALID error message instead of the expected access forbidden page.
* We have blocked access to .youtube.com in Default Policy / Block by Domain.
* User types https://www.youtube.com into address bar of the browser. Note the httpS:// schema!
* Browser tries to establish CONNECT tunnel to http://www.youtube.com through Squid proxy.
* Squid forwards this request to ICAP web filter.
* Web Safety instructs Squid to decrypt the HTTPS connection (to be able to show the blocked page later).
* Squid mimicks the SSL certificate of http://www.youtube.com without contacting the actual YouTube. Thus mimicked certificate does not have subjAltName extension included.
* Chrome 58+ shows "Your connection is not private" message.
This happens because by default Squid does not include subjAltName extension into SSL certificates generated without contacting origin servers. See bug http://bugs.squid-cache.org/show_bug.cgi?id=4711 (will be fixed in Squid version 3.5.25+).