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Book Review: Twitter and Teargas: The Power and Fragility of Networked Protest
This 200 Book Review written by Monica Nolan, Fall 2018.
Author Zeynep Tufekci's stated goal in Twitter and Teargas: The Power and Fragility of Networked Protest (2016) is "to provide empirically grounded, rich conceptual analyses of mechanisms that operate in the networked public sphere and that impact the trajectories and dynamics of networked social movements." (p. xxix). This sets up expectations for a dry, abstract discussion, but the book is anything but that. Tufekci draws on her multilayered experience as activist, programmer, and LIS academic to tell the recent history of digital technologies and social protest. Her account is vividly illustrated by page-turning narratives, often drawn from her personal experience, of protests ranging from Tunisia, to Tehrir Square, from Gezi Park to Occupy. Her core topic, the way that social media and other digital technologies have changed activist tools and culture, as well as the responses from the powers that be, has immediacy and urgency. I turned from reading her analysis of the uses of disinformation on social media platforms to newspaper headlines about Facebook's preparations for the upcoming U.S. election.
Tufnekci writes in her introduction, "my goal is not to judge success or failure, much less to provide recipes for either." Yet one can't help—or I couldn't—treating the book as an updating of Rules for Radicals, Saul Alinsky's 1971 manual for community organizing. From the LIS perspective, Twitter and Tear Gas functions as a manual of information about activist networks and their information needs. It also raises implicit questions about what role LIS professionals might play in the need to distinguish the real from the fake in the growing information stream, and presents a wealth of concepts useful for discussing the flow of digital information in the context of LIS services.
Early on the book offers an illustration of a basic form of information seeking, finding like-minded others (in Tufnekci's example, Egyptians dissatisfied with the political status quo). Examining this use, Tufnekci debunks "slacktivism" and unpacks the concept of digital dualism, that is, looking at online activity as a less "real" form of social interaction. In a later chapter she delves into the specific ways online social interactions follow basic human behavior patterns and how context (online, face-to-face, anonymous, reputation-based) can affect these behaviors; illustrating with examples that include Chinese youths, Brooklyn mothers, and consumers of borderline porn.
Another important concept Tufnekci articulates is that of attention as a resource, whose opposite is lack of attention (of which censorship is only one form); and the changes in gatekeeping (who receives attention) brought by digital technologies. In chapter 6, "Platforms and Algorithms" Tufnekci examines Facebook, and how the platform's design choices and algorithms are infused with almost invisible value judgements (Facebook's choice of the thumbs up icon and its bias for positive stories). The issues raised by Facebook's "real names" policy are essentially issues of cultural competency, as discussed by Montiel-Overall, Nuñez, & Reyes-Escudero (2015). In their chapter, Montiel-Overall et al. define cultural competence as recognizing the significance of culture (one's own and others'), educating oneself about other cultures and using that education respectfully. On these counts, Facebook has failed miserably. As Tufnekci documents, the real names policy affects activists and members of the LGBT community in unexpected way, and is blind to linguistic differences (a Turkish name which is identical to a vulgar expression in English).
Facebook's response has been to fix mistakes only when community pressure is exerted, without making change at an institutional level. The company seems to be operating at the cultural competency stage of color blindness, "everyone is the same to me" (Montiel-Overall et al., 2015, p.24). As Tufnekci points out, Facebook is, in effect, a privately-owned public sphere; and as her discussion makes clear, a de facto provider of information services. Yet the company prefers to view itself as a neutral platform for user content, perhaps as an excuse for its laissez-faire (and cost-saving) approach. This is an example of the difference between the passive institutional adherence to certain values (free speech) and the active ethic of caring that Montiel-Overall et al. (2015) discuss.
Tufnekci's discussion of the ecology of activism is particularly rich and draws at least linguistically on the ecological model of ELIS Savolainen (2010) discusses, a model that considers behavior in the context of social and cultural factors. One of the cultural factors Tufnekci focuses on over and over again is the anti-authoritarianism and distrust of institutions in today's activist cultures (at least on the left). While recognizing valid reasons for this attitude, Tufnekci's anecdote of Occupy Atlanta's failure to acknowledge its African-American members illustrates the invisible power structures of consensus, and its (cultural) bias towards the articulate and aggressive.
My reading experience was characterized by many, many moments of recognition. Past protest experiences came flooding back, including the often painful process of consensual decision-making, and how easily it can be derailed by one aggressive participant with an agenda. Tufnekci's discussion of the way the flood of fake news can lead to a state of doubt, distrust, and inaction brought up an even more visceral memory from the early days of the U.S.'s 2003 invasion of Iraq. I was working then with other activists on a documentary challenging the invasion's legitimacy. As an editor of a segment on the mainstream media, I watched hours of news footage with two other filmmakers and I remember vividly how we came to doubt the core belief motivating us, that there were no weapons of mass destruction concealed in Iraq and that the invasion was based on a lie.
I also brought to this reading my own technological biases: as a reluctant participant in the digital technology revolution, as a skeptic of the internet's early utopian dreams (Tufekci describes the early idealism of "cyberspace" as a place free of the class, race, and gender biases found in the "real" world), and finally as an infrequent to non-user of social media. Reading the first two chapters of Tufekci's book, where she outlines the ways Egyptian activists used social media to rally supporters and manage the logistics of a sustained resistance, I became reconciled to these platforms; after reading Chapter 6, which outlines the ways in which social media has created a public sphere which is privately owned and the problems that arise from these corporations algorithmic tweaking of peoples' perception of reality, I returned to my original state of dislike and distrust. In the end, I settled somewhere between these two extremes, considering instead a quotation from historian Melvin Kranzberg that Tufnekci returns to more than once: "Technology is neither good nor bad; nor is it neutral." (p. 122). As Tufnekci notes, the ways in which technology is not neutral continue to change even as their specifics are elucidated.
Montiel-Overall, P., Nuñez, A. V., & Reyes-Escudero, V. (2015). Latinos in libraries, museums, and archives: cultural competence in action! an asset-based approach. Retrieved from http://ebookcentral.proquest.com
Savolainen, R. (2010). Everyday Life Information Seeking. In Encyclopedia of Library and Information Sciences. Third Edition.
Tufekci, Z. (2017). Twitter and Tear Gas: The Power and Fragility of Networked Protest. New Haven & London: Yale University Press.
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Barbarian's Zach Cregger weighs in on the future of horror movies
Zodiac: David Fincher's Movie Turns 15, Browse Driving the Scenes Trivia
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Lil Nas X, Lindsey Buckingham and Low: October's best album reviews | Music
Low seemed a singular band from the outset. They were a married, practising Mormon couple, devoted to playing as quietly and slowly as possible, in the teeth of the early 90s grunge era. In fact, Low stood out so much that people felt obliged to invent a new subgenre to describe what they were doing: slowcore. It was a label the band disliked and quickly outgrew; it turned out they could move at quite a clip when it suited them.
Then, 25 years into their career, Low became more singular still. Their sound had always shifted and changed, occasionally in unpredictable directions, and electronic percussion had crept into 2015's Ones and Sixes. But nothing could quite prepare listeners for 2018's Double Negative, which took the kind of studio processes commonplace in modern mainstream pop – pitchshifted vocals, digital manipulation, the sidechain compression that causes the rhythm tracks on pop-dance hits to punch through everything else – cranked all of them up to 11 and applied them to a rock band. The end result was an album that genuinely sounded like nothing else. Low weren't the only alt-rock artists thinking along roughly similar lines – Double Negative was produced by BJ Burton, who had worked on Bon Iver's technology-fractured 22, A Million – but the sheer extremity with which the band's sound was altered shifted Double Negative into a category of its own.
Moreover, it was released 18 months into the Trump presidency, as his campaign managers were jailed for fraud, and Rudy Giuliani informed NBC that "truth isn't truth". Its lyrics seldom addressed American politics – dealing instead with everything from Mormon attitudes to same-sex marriage to mental health – but its short-circuiting bursts of unidentifiable sound, warped vocals and overwhelming mood of dread still seemed to fit the moment, feeling like a transmission from a country disastrously on the fritz, "dissolved into a state of awful inverse" as its closing track put it.
Album of the year acclaim duly followed, but the shock of Double Negative also seemed to raise concerns for the band who'd made it. It sounded like music literally pushed to the limit, and once you've pushed everything to the limit, the question of where you go next becomes pressing. Happily, that's a query that Hey What answers perfectly by refining and adapting its predecessor's sound.
The first thing you hear on opener White Horses is a guitar transformed into a kind of heaving, stuttering moan, followed by a rhythm track made up of crunching digital distortion. The latter sound might once have been produced by a guitar, but it's impossible to say for certain. The song ends with an unadorned minute and a half of its unflinching pulse, which speeds up and becomes the basis of the second track, I Can Wait. Next, when you encounter the spongy sonic textures of All Night – you eventually give up trying to work out what instrument was originally involved – it's hard not to be struck by the thought that on anyone else's album, this might constitute the weirdest track; on Hey What, it feels like a kind of breather, before you're plunged into the increasingly scourging soundworld of Disappearing.
Low: Hey What album cover. Photograph: Publicity image
Notice is thus served that Low are not interested in dialling down Double Negative's confrontational experimental edge, but that isn't the whole story. Hey What is also a far more melodically driven album than its predecessor. Alan Sparhawk and Mimi Parker's beautiful harmony vocals are largely unadorned with processing, and are louder, which seems to give the songs – or at least the listener – a little more space to breathe.
This chimes with the tone of the album, which couldn't be characterised as optimistic, but at least hits a note of stoicism. The strength of Sparhawk and Parker's partnership as bulwark against the former's struggle with depression informs Don't Walk Away and The Price You Pay (It Must Be Wearing Off). The lyrics of Days Like These consider the world lurching from crisis to crisis, but there's something really stirring about the melody, which strides through the backing's explosions of frazzled sound, while the extended instrumental coda feels calm and resolved. At other points, juxtaposition of the voices and the music is more unsettling: Hey boasts the album's loveliest tune, but it's set against a backing that keeps changing from delicate, flickering ambience to something far darker and creepier. Stranger still, in its own peculiar way, Hey What rocks, not least on the fantastic More, based around a riff that seems equal parts Led Zeppelin and My Bloody Valentine, if you squint.
A lot of bands have been compared to My Bloody Valentine over the years, largely because they were trying desperately to sound like them. Low really aren't, but they feel an appropriate name to raise nevertheless. The music Low are currently making carries a similar, head-turning, where-the-hell-did-this-come-from air to Isn't Anything and Loveless; as with those albums, the people behind Hey What are redefining how a rock band can sound. It says something – about Low and about rock music – that you have to delve back 30 years to find something with those qualities.
Related: Low: 'We want to punch new holes in the possibilities of music'
https://www.theguardian.com/music/ng-interactive/2021/oct/06/lil-nas-x-lindsay-buckingham-and-low-octobers-best-album-reviews
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Kelly Hu explains why her next project is especially personal. (Photo: Chris Delmas/AFP via Getty Images) For Kelly Hu, the actress behind tough characters in action movies such as X2: X-Men United and The Scorpion King and TV's Arrow, portraying a breast cancer patient, in the upcoming Lifetime movie List […]
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Even the largest of buildings require pillars to keep them erect. To be a dominant Model UN in the region we cannot delude ourselves with the idea of walking the road to success alone, and we need as strong and as ambitious pillars as our team for support in Planet Pursuing Peace.
We associate ourselves with the finest Pakistan has to offer, and without the slightest of hesitation, we present to you our pillars to whom we owe our success.
Hosted by one of the best institutes of Pakistan we can only expect the best events of Pakistan, and we take immense pleasure in collaborating with one of the most global MUN conferences of Pakistan, NUST International Model United Nations.
Just as no person can survive alone in this world, no event can thrive without collaborations with like-minded organizations. Team DSUMUN recognizes the need for teamwork and how imperative it is in bringing further ease and access to our participants. We take pleasure in announcing our collaborator, MUN4SKILLS for giving us their support in the mission of Planet Pursuing Peace and joining us for the rollercoaster ride of DSUMUN III.
Decisions for the future aren't always easy. Being as aware as the youth of today is, abundance in availability in options often leads to confusion. DSUMUN is proud to collaborate with Free Mind Works who personally look into the skills and interests of an individual and help them chart a path to success and a life of fulfillment.
MUN conferences are a community. We all have a common goal of spreading awareness of political and humanitarian crisis around the globe and empowering the tounge over the fist. DSUMUN is honored to collaborate with Peace and Stability Model United Nations to stand in the way of tyranny and injustice in the world.


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As always, I must remind my customers that all items are sold as curios only and in no way do I guarantee successful outcomes. I do not claim to treat or cure any illness or condition. Nor do I offer my goods as a substitute for proper legal or financial advice. I sell tools for positivity only, not the outcome. You must add your own intent and energy. Working these items are up to you!


The Nigerian Ports Authority (NPA) has signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) with the Federal Road Safety Corps (FRSC) on the enforcement of safety standards in vehicles that operate to and from the ports.
Bisi Kazeem, Head Media Relations and Strategy, FRSC, the MD said the goals, would hopefully be achieved through the platform of Road Transport Safety Standardisation Scheme (RTSSS) which FRSC launched some years back to create orderliness in trucks and fleet operations.
The Managing Director, NPA, Mrs Hadiza Bala Usman stated that NPA launched an enforcement campaign for safety and minimum standards of trucks operating in ports within Lagos area, adding that it was in the effort to further upgrade and improve on the successes recorded that it adopted the FRSC's Road Transport Safety Standardisation Scheme (RTSSS) .
The whole purpose of the MOU is to ensure a safer road environment at the Ports.


Tropical Asia, including arid and semi-arid tropics, has a unique climatological distinction because of the pervasive influence of the monsoons. The summer southwest monsoon influences the climate of the region from May to September, and the winter northeast monsoon controls the climate from November to February. The monsoon brings most of the region's precipitation and is the most critical climatic factor in the provision of drinking water and water for rain-fed and irrigated agriculture. The El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon, which is geographically very extensive, has an especially important influence on the weather and inter-annual variability of climate and sea level, particularly in the western Pacific Ocean, South China Sea, Celebes Sea, and the northern Indian Ocean. Suppiah (1997) has found a strong correlation between the southern oscillation index (SOI) and seasonal rainfall in the dry zone of Sri Lanka; Clarke and Liu (1994) relate recent variations in south Asian sea-level records to zonal ENSO wind stress in the equatorial pacific. The influence of Indian Ocean sea-surface temperature on the large-scale Asian summer monsoon and hydrological cycle and the relationship between Eurasian snow cover and the Asian summer-monsoon also has been substantiated (Zhu and Houghton, 1996).
Several countries in this region have reported increasing surface temperature trends in recent decades. The warming trend over India has been reported to be about 0.57 °C per 100 yr (Rupakumar et al., 1994). In Pakistan, annual mean surface temperature has a consistent rising trend since the beginning of 20th century (Chaudhari, 1994). In most of the Middle East, the long-time series of surface air temperature show a warming trend. In Vietnam, annual mean surface temperature has increased over the period 1895-1996, with mean warming estimated at 0.32 °C over the past three decades. Annual mean surface air temperature anomalies over Sri Lanka during the period 1869-1993 suggest a conspicuous and gradually increasing trend of about 0.30 °C per 100 yr (Rupakumar and Patil, 1996).
In general, an increasing trend in temperature has been observed in southern and central India in recent decades in all seasons and over all of India in the post-monsoon seasons. This warming has generally been accompanied by increases in diurnality except over northern India in the winter, pre-monsoon and post-monsoon seasons. Srivastava et al. (1992) observed increase in trends of annual mean, maximum and minimum temperatures south of 23 °N and cooling trends north of 23 °N. The diurnal temperature range (DTR) shows an increasing trend in all the seasons over most of peninsular India. This is in contrast to many other land regions of the northern hemisphere (Nicholls et al., 1996).
Mean annual rainfall is considerably low in most parts of the arid and semiarid region of tropical Asia, and temporal variability quite high. In some places in the region, as much as 90% of the annual total is recorded in just two months of the year. Although, there is no definite trend discernible in the long-term mean for precipitation for the region or in individual countries during this time period, many countries have shown a decreasing trend in rainfall in the past three decades. In India, long-term time series of summer monsoon rainfall have no discernible trends, but decadal departures are found above and below the long-time averages alternatively for three consecutive decades (Kothyari and Singh, 1996). Recent decades have exhibited an increase in extreme rainfall events over northwest India during the summer monsoon (Singh and Sontakke, 2001). Moreover, the number of rainy days during the monsoon along east coastal stations has declined in the past decade. A long-term decreasing trend in rainfall in Thailand is reported (OEPP, 1996). In Pakistan, seven of 10 stations have shown a tendency toward increasing rainfall during monsoon season (Chaudhari, 1994).
Chattopadhyaya and Hulme (1997) analyzed the trends in potential evapotranspiration (PE) for 10 stations in India including stations in arid and semi-arid tropics. In the monsoon and post-monsoon seasons, PE was found to have decreased over the last 15 yr over the whole country, whereas in the winter and pre-monsoon seasons the trends are less consistent. The decreasing trend in PE is up to a maximum of about 0.3 mm day-1 decade-1 over west-central India in the monsoon and post-monsoon seasons (Figure 1). These trends are generally lower than for surface evapotranspiration (Ep) and represent a reduction in PE of less than 3% per decade. Changes in PE were most strongly associated with changes in relative humidity, particularly in the winter and pre-monsoon seasons. In the monsoon season, radiation was the dominant variable for regulating the PE variation at nearly all stations. Changes in both radiation and relative humidity are associated with decreases in PE in the post-monsoon season.
Figure 1. Mean linear trend (mm day-1 decade-1) in PE for the period from 1976 to 1990 for different seasons over India based on ten stations data. Dot size is related to trend.
while few droughts occurred during 1930-1960 and 1980-2000. This suggests some kind of low frequency oscillation of the monsoon system on the decadal scale (Das, 2000). Gregory (1994) observed that over arid and semi-arid regions of India, there have been periods in the last decades of the nineteenth century and first two decades of twentieth century when drought frequencies have been markedly higher than in recent years, though individual recent droughts may have been intense ones in some regions. There are also reports of an increase in thunderstorms over the land regions of tropical Asia (Karl et al., 1995). The frequency and severity of wild fires in grassland and rangelands in arid and semi-arid Asia have increased in recent decades (Pilifosova et al., 1996).
Low rainfall in arid and semi-arid regions dictates the formation of shallow soils, which are poor in organic matter and nutrients. Coupled with the conversion of grazing lands to farming, the arid region of India is undergoing an aggravation of desertification through erosion of lands and aeolian shifting of soil particles. In some locations, there has been a rise of water table with simultaneous increase of salinity and deterioration of soil regime. The variation of the aridity index line, computed by Penman method, over arid regions of India reveals a possible spread of arid conditions in the southeast direction (Jain, 1986).
Populations in arid or semi-arid areas of south Asia are most vulnerable because of their heavy dependence on agriculture and high population density. Monsoon depressions and tropical storms are important features of the climate in this region from the agricultural production point of view. These storms can be destructive, but also are the main source of moisture. An estimated 31% of cropland is already irrigated, which may reduce vulnerability somewhat, provided water resources remain adequate. Chronic hunger remains a problem, however, for the poorer segments of the population particularly in semi-arid and arid parts of the region (IPCC, 1995).
Africa is the largest tropical landmass with an east-west extent of about 6,000 km. It is the only continent, which has roughly equal landmasses within both hemispheres on either side of the equator. The vast continent is characterized by a wide range of climatic regimes. The poleward extremes of the continent experience winter rainfall associated with the passage of mid-latitude air masses. Over the rest of the continent, annual cycle is strongly determined by the position of the inter-tropical convergence zone (ITCZ), which is a primary feature of the meridional Hadley circulation (WCRP, 1999). The mean climate of Africa is further modified by the presence of large contrasts in topography and the existence of lakes across the continent (Semazzi and Sun, 1997). This basic climatic state is further significantly modified by the asymmetry of the continent, the adjacent ocean basins circulation, and the global Walker circulation, to produce the observed continental climatology (Hastenrath, 1985).
Rainfall is one of the most important natural resources for many of mainland Africa's 48 nations (Hulme, 1992). Inter- and intra-annual variability in rainfall is perhaps the key climatic element that determines the success of agriculture in these regions, where the climatic control of soil water availability through rainfall and evaporation is most prominent. In low-rainfall years, there may be droughts; in highrainfall years or even for short periods in low-rainfall years there may be floods. Extensive droughts have afflicted Africa, with serious episodes since independence in 1965-1966, 1972-1974, 1981-1984, 1986-1987, 1991-1992, and 1994-1995 (WMO, 1995; Usher, 1997). The aggregate impact of drought on the economies of Africa can be large: 8-9% of GDP in Zimbabwe and Zambia in 1992, 4-6% of GDP in Nigeria and Niger in 1984 (Benson and Clay, 1998).
African rainfall has changed substantially over the last 60 yr. Over tropical North Africa, this change has been notable as rainfall during 1961-1990 declined by up to 30% compared with 1931-1960. From an analysis of recent rainfall conditions in West Africa, Nicholson et al. (2000) concluded that a long-term change in rainfall has occurred in the semiarid and sub-humid zones of West Africa. Rainfall during the last 30 yr (1968-1997) has been on average some 15-40% lower than during the period 1931-1960. A similar, but smaller change has occurred in semi-arid and sub-humid regions of southern Africa.
Dennett et al. (1985) pointed out that, though the rainy season includes June through to September in most of the Sahel, the annual rainfall anomalies are related primarily to rainfall in August and, to a lesser extent, September. Sivakumar (1992) showed that at several locations in Niger, a significant decline in the annual and August rainfall has occurred since 1966. From examination of the change between 1931-1960 and 1961-1990 in mean seasonal rainfall over Africa, Hulme (1992) showed that rainfall change has been dominated by the reduction in June-July-August rainfall in the Sahel with widespread decreases of well over 0.4 mm day-1. Such a large relative rainfall change between these two 30 yr climatologies is unparalleled elsewhere in the world (Hulme et al., 1992). Hulme (1992) also showed that in the Southern Hemisphere tropical margins, December-January-February rainfall rates have declined, with decreases of more than 0.4 mm day-1 over parts of Botswana and Zimbabwe. Nicholson et al. (2000) showed that mean August rainfall during the 1968-1997 period was 55, 37 and 26% below the 1931-1960 average in the Sahelo-Sahara, Sahel and Soudan zones, respectively.
(ca. 120 km) between 1931-1960 and 1961-1990 and just under 3° latitude (ca. 330 km) between 1950-1954 and 1983-1987. Using normalised vegetation difference index (NDVI) data, Tucker et al. (1991) estimated a shift of up to 2.2° latitude (ca. 240 km) in the position of the 200 mm annual isohyet in the Sahel during the decade 1980-1990.
A number of theoretical, modelling and empirical analyses have suggested that noticeable changes in the frequency and intensity of extreme events, including floods may occur when there are only small changes in climate (Wigley, 1985; Katz and Acero, 1994; Wagner, 1996). Mason et al. (1999) identified significant increases in the intensity of extreme rainfall events over about 70% of the country in South Africa between 1931-1960 and 1961-1990. Le Barbe and Lebel (1997) showed that the average number of rainy events in August was reduced by about 30%.
Hulme (1992) categorized the possible causes for rainfall changes into three broad areas: those related to land cover changes within the continent; those related to changes in the global ocean circulation and associated with patterns of sea-surface temperatures (SSTs); and those related to the changing composition of the global atmosphere.
Air temperatures in the Sahelian and Sudanian zones of West Africa (SSZ) are usually high because of the high radiation load. From south to north, temperatures increase and rainfall decreases. Environmental conditions during the stage of crop establishment in the SSZ, especially in the low rainfall areas, are usually harsh since the sowing rains follow a long and hot dry season. Mean maximum temperatures could exceed 40 ° C at the time of sowing and absolute temperatures could be much higher (Sivakumar, 1989). Diurnal variations in the air temperature and soil temperatures at the surface and 5 cm depth before the onset of rains (Figure 2) show that the surface soil temperatures can increase rapidly from 27 ° C at 0700 h to 56 °C at 1400 h. Although the surface soil temperatures decrease after a rain, with a short dry period and clear skies, atmospheric conditions can quickly return to those described in 2. The highland areas of eastern and southern Africa are substantially cooler than lowland regions, and there is evidence that recent warming trends may have been exaggerated in these mountain areas (Hulme, 1996a).
The widespread deterioration of large areas of savannah in the semi-arid regions of Africa is believed to be associated with the overexploitation of marginal land via the removal of wood and overgrazing (Barrow, 1987). The net change of forest area in Africa is the highest among the world's regions, with an annual net loss based on country reports, estimated at 5.3 million ha, which contributes to 56% of the total destruction of forests worldwide. Because the open forests are mainly an unmanaged ecosystem, their regeneration may pose problems.
Figure 2. Diurnal variation in the air temperature and soil temperatures at the surface and 5 cm depth before the onset of rains on 10 May 1992 at Sadore, Niger.
Figure 3. Changes in the visibility from the 1960s to 1980s at Niamey, Niger (Data source: National Meteorological Services of Niger).
is becoming particularly serious at the beginning of the rainy season, when rains are usually preceded by dust storms with violent winds. Moving sand particularly affects crop establishment by damaging the seedlings by "sand blasting" and the high soil temperatures during this period cause further damage. Lack of adoption of appropriate strategies at the farm level, especially in the Sahelian zone, to reduce wind erosion and sand blasting is leading to suboptimal plant stands and replanting over large areas. This has a feedback effect on land degradation.
The existing climatic differences in South America are very great, climatic extremes such as the semi-arid, arid and desert are present in several countries. Due to topographic characteristics and geographical location, these climatic variations and their impact on economic activities and human beings are different from region to region.
Even though air temperature in some regions is not a limiting factor, except in the southern portion of the continent, the lack of precipitation or its irregularity is a serious problem, specially considering agricultural aspects.
Datsenko et al. (1996) analyzed the rainfall variations in the Brazilian northeast taking the city of Fortaleza as a reference. The study was carried out using the total annual precipitation data from 1849 to 1994. They observed that while the average air temperature tends to increase 0.57 °C/100 yr, a defined tendency of increased or decreased precipitation was not observed.
Vergara et al. (2001) evaluated the precipitation trend in the 1921 to 2000 period in the northeast of the Pampa Province (Argentina), a region that is a transition area between moist and semi-arid climate which extends to the western portion of Argentina, with high vulnerability to fluctuations in rainfall pattern. For the period analyzed, a drought cycle with a peak in 1940 and lasting until 1960 was observed. Subsequently, a tendency for an increase in precipitation reaching a peak in the 1990s and with a subsequent stabilization was observed.
Scian and Donnari (1996) analyzed the history of the droughts in the semi-arid regions of Argentina using historic data from 12 locations during 1930 to 1990. Use of various indices such as the Palmer drought severity index (PDSI), rainfall abnormalities, etc. permitted the consideration of the intensity and duration of droughts and it was concluded that the most severe drought affected the region from 1936 to 1942.
Another severe drought period in Argentina was studied by Navarro et al. (1996). It was observed that 1995 was exceptionally dry, quantified both by the rainfall index abnormality and by the Hansen drought index. These indices indicated that for the region under study (Azul), since 1984 the precipitation levels were below the historic average, with a peak low decreasing until 1995.
There are close to 20 regions in the world whose climate is affected by the ENSO phases, and Latin America is also affected with different characteristics throughout the continent. In Brazil the most affected regions are the northern portion of the Northeastern Region, the Eastern part of the Amazon (tropical zone) and the Southern Region (extra-tropical zone). The most well-known climatic abnormalities and whose impacts are largest are those related to the rainfall pattern, even though the temperature pattern may also be modified.
During the positive phase, normally the northeastern region of Brazil shows an increase in the intensity of the drought with the decrease of rainfall, while in the south of Brazil the region is favoured by an increase in precipitation (Cunha, 1999).
Martelo (2000) evaluated the impact of the El-Nino phenomenon in Venezuela observing that the precipitation pattern follows this parameter as well as the temperature in the North Atlantic. Olmedo (2000) evaluated the effects of the El-Nino in the Pacific coast of the Republic of Panama, observing that the effect of this disturbance is not homogeneous in the weather behavior. When El-Nino events are sequential, they observed that in general in the first year a reduction in the number of days and in the total amount of rainfall would occur, and an increase in these two parameters would occur in the second year. They observed that the most severe phase of the El-Nino would take place in the dry period of the second year (January to March), and in 1997 the average temperature registered was 2 °C higher than the average value for some months.
Alves and Repelli (1992) analyzed the influence of El-Nino on several sub-regions in the northeast of Brazil, comparing the climatic contrast in El-Nino years in the abnormality indices of sea surface temperature (SST). They observed that there is a relationship between precipitation and the SST indices in the different phases of El-Nino, and that in both cases, there is a reduction in rainfall in the Brazilian northeast.
Moschini et al. (1996), studying the effects of the El-Nino in the region of the Pampas (Argentina), observed a close relationship between the increase or decrease of rainfall depending on the warm or cold phase of the phenomenon respectively, which was also observed by Cunha (1999). In both the studies, the authors proposed agricultural techniques to mitigate the adverse effects of these abnormalities.
Dias and Rebella (1996) evaluated the probability of changes in monthly rainfall patterns in the Pampas region (Argentina), due to El-Nino. They detected that in 78% of the cases the probability of rain in the 1961-1990 series increased when compared with the 1921-1955 series.
Marengo (2001) and Marengo et al. (2001) analyzed the various conditions and forecast models of climatic changes in Brazil and Latin America and concluded that the study of climatic changes as well as the different scenarios to be determined need better qualification and quantification for Latin America. The authors emphasized that detailed studies of these aspects, which conclusively point out the changes or tendencies of average or extreme climate, that identify a regional warming, are scarce. Although in some regions systematic changes in rainfall or in temperature are shown, they attribute this to changes over 10 yr periods such as those which occurred in the Amazon in the period.
Cunha et al. (2001) observed that in those years of the El-Nino phenomenon, the southern region of Brazil and part of Argentina and Uruguay are favored by above average rainfall. On the other hand, evaluating the El-Nino and La-Niña events from 1938 to 1998 regarding the barley crops, they concluded that in most cases La-Nina had a positive impact and El-Nino a negative one.
correlated the SPI values with the productivity of the corn crop in Argentina. The correlation coefficient between SPI and yield was significant (r2 = 0.78). Dos Anjos and Santos (2001) evaluated the correlation between the SPI values and the El-Nino and La-Niña phenomenon for the semi-arid region in the Brazilian Northeast. They observed that in the phase in which these abnormalities had greatest impact were correlated with the values of SPI-6 and SPI-9.
Through a system of dynamic monitoring, Solano Ojeda et al. (2000) determined the advance of droughts, the most affected regions and the crops that suffered the impact of this abnormality during the 1998 and 1999 period in Cuba. They observed that the frequent climatic abnormalities registered in Cuba in the last decades culminating with the 1998/1999 period, had a noticeable negative impact on all socio-economic activities. Among the adverse phenomena, drought was most outstanding, since it duplicated its chance of occurrence as well as increased considerably the extremes and intensity.
Andressen et al. (2000) evaluated the changes in precipitation of the Bolivian high plains and the effects of these variations in the desertification and drought processes. Desertification in this area is highly relevant, since 41% of the area in Bolivia was subject to this phenomena (MDSMA, 1996, cited by Andressen et al., 2000). The authors also showed that the loss of productive land amounts to 1.8 million tons per year. The variations in precipitation observed in this period were large with amplitudes up to 5000% and with highly elevated inter-annual and special oscillation. Comparing the aridity index with the P/ETP, the authors concluded that for all locations of the Bolivian high plains, 75% of the months were classified as very dry or extremely dry.
Silvia et al. (1991) observed that the rainfall distribution and the stability of the rainfall pattern in the northeast of Brazil are intrinsically related. By analyzing the annual values for temperature and rainfall in 34 locations of the Brazilian northeast and the humidity index terms according to Thornthwaite (1948), the authors concluded that there is not a strong correlation between the intensity of the drought and possible climatic changes in the arid region.
A typical case of arid region can be defined through the evaluation of the conditions of the State of Rio Grande do Norte in the Brazilian northeast, located in the area of the Drought Polygon (Medina and Maia Neto, 1991). The study showed that the region above presented serious limitations for operational and profitable agriculture due to the long periods of drought. Even irrigation may be affected, if techniques for the preservation of the reservoirs are not adopted.
The inter-annual and intra-annual variations for two locations representing the semi-arid and the sub-tropical regions are presented in Figure 4. During the El Niño years, rainfall is considerably reduced in the semi-arid regions, while in the sub-tropical area such a reduction was not so noticeable.
Figure 4. Seasonal rainfall variability in a semi-arid region (Guruiu) and a sub-tropical region (Campinas) in Brazil.
rainfall, responsible for maintaining the volume of the reservoirs and underground water.


Comforting chicken noodle casserole with a simple homemade white sauce, cheese, chicken and egg noodles. My family loves this creamy, cheesy, easy recipe!
It's that time of year where sometimes you just need a warm, simple, comforting dish that your family will love. This chicken noodle casserole is the definition of comfort food!
It starts with a homemade white sauce, using really basic ingredients you hopefully already have in your pantry: butter, flour, chicken broth, salt, pepper and dried basil. The sauce is a replacement for what most people would use cream of chicken soup for. It's similar to my recipe for homemade cream of chicken soup, but this time it's thickened with flour.
When the sauce is thickened, you add it to a large mixing bowl with the remaining ingredients, chicken, noodles and cheese. The mixture is saucy, cheesy and delicious!
Pour everything into a large casserole dish, at least 9×13". Add a sprinkle of additional cheese on top and bake it until the cheese is golden and the mixture is bubbling at the edges.
Allow it to cool for at 10-15 minutes before serving, to allow it some time to set.
Comforting chicken noodle casserole with a simple homemade white sauce, cheese, chicken and egg noodles.
Melt butter in a large saucepan over medium to medium high heat. Add flour, salt, pepper, garlic powder, dried basil. Cook, stirring, for 1-2 minutes.
Slowly whisk in chicken broth, about a cup at a time, until mixture is thickened, about 5-10 minutes.
In a large mixing bowl stir together cottage cheese, egg, 1 cup of mozzarella cheese, and 1/2 cup parmesan cheese. Add mixture from the stovetop.
Fold in cooked chicken and noodles. Taste and add additional salt, pepper or dried basil, if needed.
Pour mixture into a 9x13'' baking dish. Top with remaining mozzarella and parmesan cheese.
Bake, uncovered, for 30-40 minutes or until golden on top and bubbly.
You can make this recipe up to 24 hours ahead of time. Assemble, cover tightly with foil and refrigerate. Bake as directed, but you may need to add 10-15 minutes to the baking time.
Only boil noodles for 5 minutes. Assemble and bake according to directions, and allow to cool.
Cover really well with a double layer of aluminum foil and freeze for up to 2 months. When ready to eat, bake from frozen for 1 1/2 hours (still covered with foil.) Then uncover and bake for another 20-40 minutes or so, or until it's hot and bubbly.
Made some slight changes but was a hit. Very easy to make and assemble. I really liked the fact I can freeze for a later time & pop in the oven. I made more than enough to freeze for next time.
Does it really take 24oz of cottage cheese?
Question- the photo shows an orange cheese topping (almost like a cheddar), which is what enticed me. But in the video the casserole looks much whiter and wetter. Which is more accurate? Could you maybe make a cheddar version, instead of mozzarella and parmesan? Just wondering. Thanks.
You could substitute cheddar for the mozzarella if you want. In the photos, the mozzarella and parmesan are golden from baking in the oven.
This was delicious, I made it tonight and we loved it. I think next time I will add some more seasonings just to bump up the flavor a bit, but the texture was great. Just enough sauce and cheese to make it creamy and yummy. I think more herbs would be nice. Thanks for a great recipe, it does taste better from scratch.
I followed this recipe exactly as written and found it's everything a weeknight dinner should be -easy, without sacraficing flavor. Thanks for sharing this great recipe!
Made this for my family (husband and 9 year old twins) and it was a mega hit!! Pretty easy to make using ingredients that you probably already have! Thanks for the delicious meal idea!


When the jury returned its guilty verdict Tuesday against U.S. Rep. Mel Reynolds, they installed the congressman among a distinctive group of officeholders.
From governors to judges to suburban mayors, Illinois' political landscape is littered with dozens of promising political careers that came to crashing conclusions-stopped dead by indictments for tax evasion, bribery or influence peddling.
In fact, the prosecution of public corruption helped make the political career of one governor, James Thompson, who as U.S. attorney masterminded a number of the investigations.
Such prosecutions undid the political careers of two other governors, Dan Walker and Otto Kerner.
Kerner went to prison in 1973 for his part in a racetrack scandal. Walker was sentenced to 7 years for fraudulently obtaining bank loans.
Federal probes also have claimed a once well-respected state attorney general. William Scott was convicted in 1980 of income tax fraud and served 7 months of a 366-day sentence.
Probes also helped defeat a state treasurer, Jerome Cosentino, who pleaded guilty in 1992 to participating in a check-kiting scheme.
But no list of the notorious is complete without the name of Paul Powell, the onetime secretary of state who was made infamous by the discovery of shoe boxes stuffed with $750,000 in cash that were found in his apartment the day after he died in 1971. Or of Orville Hodge, the former state auditor indicted in 1956 on charges of stealing more than $1.5 million in state funds.
One of the state's most sweeping probes came to light in 1988 when details of the Operation Greylord investigation of judicial corruption began seeping out. By the time the investigation was completed, 15 judges were convicted. Two others were later acquitted.
The number has been eclipsed only by the number of Chicago aldermen who have been indicted over the last two decades in a variety of federal investigations. Since 1973, more than 18 have been convicted on charges ranging from accepting bribes to influencing zoning cases. to influence-peddling on behalf of certain contractors.


Well at least they don't involve the students.
According to Dr. Maximillian Wachtel on PsychLaw Journal, "the average risk of a particular US student being shot at school in any given year" for any age group is 1 in 7.8 million. The risk of a student being shot and killed rises to 1 in 15 million.
With that in mind, I take you to Halfway, Oregon, where they take the fear associated with these rare events and add in a bit of real life drama (and panic).
Two masked men wearing hoodies and wielding handguns burst into the Pine Eagle Charter School in this tiny rural community on Friday. Students were at home for an in-service day, so the gunmen headed into a meeting room full of teachers and opened fire.
Someone figured out in a few seconds that the bullets were not drawing blood because they were blanks and the exercise was a drill, designed to test Pine Eagle's preparation for an assault by "active shooters" who were, in reality, members of the school staff. But those few seconds left everybody plenty scared.
Even though your child probably won't get shot, the chances of someone's child getting shot at school in the next year is extremely high (around 85-90%).
We are internalizing the high probability that an event like this will happen in the near future, and assuming that we are next on the list. Sure, that's possible, but is the "active shooter" drill at Pine Eagle Charter School a proper way to respond? Do we even need to prepare at all (beyond reasonable school safety guidelines)?
Do people ever stop to think just because something can happen it doesn't mean it will happen? We are talking about lottery odds here. I'm beginning to think the information age is not making us smarter, it's just making us more paranoid.


I just saw the speech of Charles Leadbeater at the Picnic Conference in Amsterdam. I`ve seen him speak before, so his speech was not really "groundbreaking", nothing new for me… , but cause he mentioned it today, I watched his promotion video for his book again (see above, 4min). For all of you who haven`t seen it yet, give it a try.
I think there is still much more… and the media industry is not using it yet.
… so for those who haven`t seen the TED presentation yet… a demo.
Value is in the uncopyable.
Media wants to be liquid.
Have You Ever Heard About WiMax? Or LTE?
Yes, there is the new iPhone 3G out now… but what`s the next-next level?
It allows you to carry video, voice and data just like WiFi, only much faster. On the high end maybe 6 Mbps, but not "per household" like from a cable provider, instead "per person".
Anyway, there`s a long way to go … who knows if the mainstream market will ever see "WiMax"… read more about it in an article by Shelly Palmer (Jack Myers Business Report).
But wireless highspeed network will be here soon!
By the way: LTE (Long Term Evolution) – mentioned in the headline – is a competing technology to WiMax developed by Verizon, AT&T and T-Mobile.
The new "Deutschland Online – Getting Connected" study from Prof. Bernd W. Wirtz is released. It reveals the current status and future evolution of broadband Internet in Germany. Get the full paper here.
By 2015 over 80 percent of all German homes will have a broadband internet connection. That`s more than twice as much broadband homes than 2006.
The introductory chapter presents a concise overview of the main findings. The second chapter focuses on the German broadband Internet market. The third chapter is devoted to the topic of convergence, i.e. the convergence of Internet, communication and media content. The fourth chapter explores the expectations which customers have of the new broadband technologies, while the fifth chapter deals with the latest trends involving the mobile Internet. We are already witnessing the way broadband Internet contains the seeds of a whole new culture – the digital lifestyle, which is the subject of chapter 6. And the seventh chapter puts the spotlight on a new generation of users, the IP generation, focusing on their needs and requirements. With an eye to the main international trends in the sphere of broadband Internet, Chapter 8 examines the global broadband market. And the final chapter closes with a look at the prospects and opportunities offered by this still-young, dynamic technology.
p2p Traffic Dominates the Net – Who profits?
iPogue, a German internet traffic management company, published a study where they tracked the internet traffic in August and September 2007 in 5 regions of the world.
The study showed that still P2P uses by far most of the internet traffic. The total share eaten by P2P ranges from 49 per cent in the Middle East to 84 per cent in Eastern Europe. At nighttime, p2p traffic jumps as high as 95 per cent of total bandwidth used. See the figures for Germany in the graphic.
Impressive numbers that show first, you can`t stop filesharing ever, and second, somebody makes a lot of money with filesharing.
In all this P2P and copyright disussions, we always talk about the copyright holders, artists, labels, and the users, consumers, fans… But we nearly never talk about the guys who really make the money in the new game.
It`s not just the consumers, and it`s not the edonkey, gnutella or bit torrent portals… it`s the ISPs.
If you see the share of traffic, it`s not difficult to guess why the users love to subscribe for a new DSL 6000 connection. Please don`t get me wrong, I don`t want to blame anybody! The ISP market is big money market, and most of the money is made cause of the content that is out there. So if anybody starts a "fairness" discussion, and I don`t want to say that there should be one, but when we talk about copyright, why don`t talk with/about the ISPs.


"My Jewish Roots" workshops sponsored by the Jewish Genealogical Society of Greater Orlando (JGSGO) continue in November with their third workshop—"Find DNA Ancestors and Cousins." DNA research has become increasingly popular as a genealogic tool to discover distant relatives, family mix and origins. JGSGO member Laurence Morrell described the results of his recent DNA testing.
The way this all got started was that I was curious about my genetic background. In 2012, I signed up with Family Tree for their DNA testing program, not knowing what to expect. After submitting a DNA sample, I was sent information about the results, which I still don't fully understand. A short time later, I received an email from Family Tree with a list of names of possible relatives. The first on the list was a Roger Morrell. That got me excited. Who was Roger Morrell? Are we related, and if so how? I followed the instructions on how to make contact, which I did. Soon thereafter, I received a response from someone with a totally different last name. What gives? After numerous emails sharing information we established that yes, perhaps we are related.
Here's how. Roger Morrell's grandfather was Joseph Morrell. I had never heard of him. Martha, Roger's niece, provided me with some information that allowed me to begin my own research. This Joseph Morrell lived in Savannah, Georgia, at the same time or shortly after my great-grandfather, Solomon Morrell lived there. Joseph's wife, Rachel Morrell, which is the same name as my grandmother, died in Savannah in 1897 due to a tragic accident. She is buried there in the Laurel Grove Cemetery, apparently in a pauper's section. Their daughter, Rosa, was also buried there years later.
Joseph Morrell's naturalization papers left a paper trail that was too coincidental for him not to be related somehow. His "first papers" were filed in Meriden, Connecticut, where my Uncle Phil and my grandmother were both born. Both my great-grandfather and "Joseph" eventually made their way to Savannah, Georgia, where their "second papers" were filed.
Looking at the 1900 Federal Census (Savannah, Georgia), I was unable to find a Joseph Morrell. However, I was able to find information about his children. With information given to me by my "new" relative, I was able to determine that yes, these were the children of Joseph and Rachel Morrell. After his wife died, Joseph was unable to care for the children, Rosa, Jennie, Jacob and Samuel. Rosa, Jennie and Jacob were sent to the Hebrew Orphan's Home in Atlanta, Georgia. Samuel (Sammie) remained as a boarder with a family in Savannah.
Apparently this action caused a rift in the family. Joseph eventually took three of his children back: Rosa, Jennie and Jacob, but they eventually became estranged, with little contact with their father after that. Through email contact with my "new" cousin, I was able to glean additional information. But, there was still nothing definite to solidly connect Joseph Morrell to my great-grandfather, Solomon Morrell.
Like any good sleuth, I dug deeper and deeper. I began to search city directories under the name Joseph Morrell. I was able to trace his movements and his marriage to his second wife Freda Posner. The one bit of information that really got my attention was a city directory entry from Passaic, New Jersey. There was a listing for a business "Morrell and Son and Morrell." It listed Solomon Morrell, his son Philip Morrell and Joseph Morrell. In my mind, that had to be the smoking gun. There had to be some kind of relationship between Solomon and Joseph. They were either brothers or first cousins!
Additional information came to light with the 1930 Federal Census. Joseph Morrell was living in Los Angeles, California. Why out there? He had always been on the East Coast. Well, I found Solomon's sister, Ethel, was living in L.A. My grandfather, Henry Morrell, the son of Solomon Morrell from his first wife, was also living in LA. Coincidence? I don't know.
The third in the series of Workshops held by the JGSGO, "Find DNA Ancestors and Cousins," will be held Thursday, Nov. 10 from 7 till 9 p.m. at UCF Hillel. The featured speaker will be genetic genealogist Diahan Southard, who has been in the field for 16 years. She will take the mystery out of DNA and provide the direction to accomplish your genealogy goals. The Workshop is free and open to the public. Please bring your own laptop to participate in the lab portion. It is also possible to attend live via the Internet.
Pre-registration is required to participate either in-person or online: http://www.jgsgo.org/MyJewishRoots. For more information about Jewish Genealogical Society of Greater Orlando, visit http://www.jgsgo.org and "like" us at http://www.facebook.com/jgsgreaterorlando. Questions? Email info@jgsgo.org.


When one thinks of magnetic-based bracelets and jewelry, one may imagine chunky and unattractive chunks of magnets that apparently weigh down one's wrists. One may set that notion aside as these bracelets may greatly benefit the health and be fashionable and useful wrist accessories. Magnet therapy has been around for some time now and the developments in jewelry fabrication experience allowed jewelers to make tasteful and sleek bracelets made of magnets.
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Nationell Idag (NI) var en högerextrem, nationaldemokratisk nyhetstidning med utgivning varje vecka. Under merparten av sin existens var veckotidningen knuten till partiet Nationaldemokraterna, men under 2014 användes beteckningen "obunden sverigedemokratisk". Tidningen kom ut för första gången 2002 i magasinsformat och betecknade sig då som "tidskrift för politik och kultur". År 2004 började tidningen att komma ut som tabloid med underrubriken "nyhetstidning med politik och kultur", men övergick senare till ha ett "fokus på svensk och europeisk politik och kultur". Tidningen gick i konkurs i oktober 2014. Flera av medarbetarna från Nationell Idag har senare gått vidare till tidningen Nya Tider och nätkanalen Exakt24.

Upplaga
Vid nedläggningen hade tidningen en upplaga på 1 800 exemplar per vecka och bestod av 16 sidor, med en ledarsida, flera sidor med inrikes- och utrikesnyheter och en kulturdel som berörde exempelvis litteratur, musik och film.

Tidningen utkom tidigare kring sex gånger årligen, men under början av 2007 ökade utgivningstakten till en gång per månad och i slutet av sommaren samma år ökades utgivningstakten ytterligare till varannan vecka. Målet var veckoutgivning, vilket skulle göra att tidningen uppfyllde kraven för presstöd. Samtidigt bedrevs en kampanj för att värva nya prenumeranter, vilket skulle bidra till det ekonomiska underlaget för tidningsprojektet. Den 30 juli 2009 var värvningskampanjen på 2 000 nya prenumeranter slutförd och i augusti samma år påbörjades således veckoutgivningen. Nationell Idag var därmed den första tidningen med nationalistisk profil på över 50 år som utkommit så ofta.

Statligt presstöd
För att erhålla statligt presstöd måste en tidning ges ut varje vecka oavbrutet i sex månader. För att klara detta, vilket innebar ökade kostnaderna för produktion och distribution till följd av den ökade utgivningstakten, så startades en insamlingskampanj med målet att få ihop 220 000 kronor. Som incitament erbjöds de som bidrog med pengar ett visst antal andelar i tidningen, som senare ska kunna bytas mot aktier, om tidningen i framtiden omvandlas till ett aktiebolag. I början av oktober 2009 hade tidningen fått in de pengar genom insamlingskampanjen som man eftersträvade.

Den första april 2010 meddelade Nationell Idag på sin hemsida att Tidningsstatistik AB slagit fast att tidningen uppfyllde alla krav på presstöd. Vid Presstödsnämndens sammanträde 21 april 2010 beviljades därför tidningen presstöd i enlighet med gällande regelverk, med ett belopp på nära 700 000 kronor för tiden augusti-december 2009 och knappt 1 700 000 kronor för 2010. En ledamot i nämnden, Niclas Malmberg, reserverade sig mot beslutet. Beslutet väckte stor medial uppmärksamhet och ledde till att en av de övriga ledamöterna i Presstödsnämnden, Martin Ahlquist, lämnade sin plats. Dåvarande kulturministern Lena Adelsohn Liljeroth ville att Presstödsnämnden skulle få nya regler.

2011 uppmärksammades Nationell Idag för att ha betalat ut en del av presstödet till en aktivist i Svenska motståndsrörelsen, som av tidningen utsetts till "årets fosterlandsvän". Tidningen uppgavs också ha använt presstödet för att finansiera en aktivistgrupp grundad av medlemmar i det nynazistiska nätverket Fria nationalister.

Idealisten

Idealisten var namnet på Nationaldemokraternas medlemstidning, vilken under partiets existens utkom till samtliga medlemmar tillsammans med Nationell Idag. Tidningen berörde endast frågor om moderpartiet och ungdomsförbundet Nationaldemokratisk Ungdom samt dess samarbetsorganisationer i Europa.

Chefredaktörer

Tidningens första chefredaktör var Fredrik Bergman. När tidningen övergick till tabloid format 2004 tog Marc Abramsson över tjänsten. Efter valet 2006 efterträddes Abramsson av Vávra Suk. I oktober 2011 tog Sanna Hill över efter att Vávra Suk beslutat att ta ledigt för att vila upp sig och hämta ny inspiration. Vavra Súk återkom sedan som chefredaktör i maj 2012, men i oktober samma år ersattes han av Jimmy Windeskog. Efter ägarbytet i början av 2014 tillsattes Patrik Ehn som ny chefredaktör den 27 mars samma år. Alla chefredaktörerna hade en partipolitisk bakgrund i Sverigedemokraterna och några fortsatte till Nationaldemokraterna efter partisplittringen.

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Externa länkar
 Officiell webbplats, arkiverad från originalet 1 november 2014.

Tidskrifter startade 2002
Partipolitiska tidskrifter
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Högerextremism i Sverige
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Steven Culpepper
Status Affiliate Faculty
Home Department of Statistics
Email sculpepp@illinois.edu
Overview Select Publications Press Links
B.S., Economics, Bowling Green State University, 2001
Ph.D., Educational Psychology, University of Minnesota, 2006
Psychometric models
Latent class models
Large-scale testing and assessment
Statistical computing
Balamuta, J. J., & Culpepper, S. A. (2022). Exploratory Restricted Latent Class Models with Monotonicity Requirements under PÒLYA–GAMMA Data Augmentation. Psychometrika, 87(3), 903-945. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11336-021-09815-9
Man, A. X., & Culpepper, S. A. (2022). A Mode-Jumping Algorithm for Bayesian Factor Analysis. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 117(537), 277-290. https://doi.org/10.1080/01621459.2020.1773833
Chen, Y., Liu, Y., Culpepper, S. A., & Chen, Y. (2021). Inferring the Number of Attributes for the Exploratory DINA Model. Psychometrika, 86(1), 30-64. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11336-021-09750-9
Culpepper, S. A., & Balamuta, J. J. (Accepted/In press). Inferring Latent Structure in Polytomous Data with a Higher-Order Diagnostic Model. Multivariate Behavioral Research. https://doi.org/10.1080/00273171.2021.1985949
McCaffrey, D. F., & Culpepper, S. A. (2021). Introduction to JEBS Special Issue on NAEP Linked Aggregate Scores. Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics, 46(2), 135-137. https://doi.org/10.3102/10769986211001480
NSF grant to support technology development to increase research accuracy
Are you resilient? Your brain may hold the answer
Culpepper becomes Beckman affiliate
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The Hutchins Sport program offers students a wide range of sports to choose from, combined with carnivals, sports days and inter-House competitions.
Sport is an integral part of the holistic education at The Hutchins School. The reasons for playing sport in a school are many and varied. Sport is only one avenue whereby a student can gain a range of skills. The expectation that boys put commitment to the School first derives from the clear value to their personal and educational growth of building collegiality among the boys.
Students are encouraged to participate at a level that they are comfortable with, whilst challenging their fitness and building their skills. Sportsmanship and fair play are paramount. Hutchins is regularly represented and recognised at state, national and international levels across various sports.


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[[missing key: search-facet.tree.open-section]] Politics and Public Policy (3)
[[missing key: search-facet.tree.open-section]] Social Policy and Sociology (3)
Comparative Social Policy (1)
Social Policy in Emerging Countries (1)
Sociology and Sociological Theory (3)
Social And Political Science 2010 and before (1)
Migration x
Sociology and Sociological Theory x
Development Studies x
Migration and Freedom
Mobility, Citizenship and Exclusion
Brad K. Blitz
Migration and Freedom is a thorough and revealing exploration of the complex relationship between mobility and citizenship in the European area. Drawing upon over 170 interviews, it provides an original account of the opportunities and challenges associated with the rights to free movement and settlement in Croatia, Italy, Slovenia, Spain and Russia. It documents successful and unsuccessful settlement and establishment cases and records how both official and informal restrictions on individuals' mobility have effectively created new categories of citizenship.
Migration and Culture
Elgar Research Reviews in Social and Political Science
Robin Cohen and Gunvor Jónsson
Migration and Culture marks a first in gathering a comprehensive collection of published articles linking migration and culture. Prior approaches to migration have often stressed statistical and economic factors. The theoretically challenging and comparative accounts represented here are part of a new wave of thinking which illustrates the meaning of migration and its profound cultural implications.
Pioneers of European Integration
Citizenship and Mobility in the EU
Edited by Ettore Recchi and Adrian Favell
The free movement of EU citizens is the most visible sociological consequence of the remarkable process of European integration that has transformed the continent since the Second World War. Pioneers of European Integration offers the first systematic analysis of the small but symbolically potent number of Europeans who have chosen to live and work as foreigners in another member state of the EU. Based on an original survey of 5000 people moving to and from the EU's five largest countries, the book documents the demographic profile, migration choices, cultural adaptation, social mobility, political participation and media use of these pioneers of a transnational Europe, as well as opening a window to the new waves of intra-EU East–West migrations.


text:
Disproportionate asset case ~ Misbah Ul Haq's account frozen
There is one widely circulated jocular story in Internet.
At New Wanderers way back on 24th Sept 2007, that one delivery remains frozen in the memories of all cricket lovers – Misbah bends to play that fatal scoop; ball going high on the air, landing in the hands of Sreesanth ~ the bowler was Joginder Sharma.
Pakistan started the final over needing a manageable 13, though with their last pair at the crease. Dhoni surprised everybody by asking Joginder to bowl that last over. That became 12 from six after Joginder Sharma bowled the widest of wides, then 12 from five after Misbah played and missed. He played and hit next time, launching Sharma's nervy full toss down the ground.
Six from four; one stroke would do it…… that scoop of Misbah zeroed on Sreesanth (the joke that went around was – Misbah then realised that Malayalis are everywhere in the World)…
Disproportionate Assets is a term used in India to describe where an individual's net assets significantly exceed the assets that one could possess after accounting for the assets that one previously held and all legal sources of income. In our neighbouring country, The Express Tribune states that one can find all kinds of genuine military goods —from new uniforms to night vision goggles — at flea markets in Karachi.
The Niazi is a branch of Lohani Pashtun tribe originating in Pakistan and eastern Afghanistan. In the Pashtun tribal hierarchy Niazi is one of the most respected tribe. Imrankhan was a Niazi and so is Misbah-ul-Haq, captain of Pak team. A solid middle-order batsmen best known for his composure with the bat, sometimes he is accused of trying to do too much in the end, waiting far too long for the end.
Tax evasion is rampant in Pakistan — according to FBR figures, less than 0.5 per cent of Pakistanis pay income tax, or just 750,000 individuals out of a population of some 180 million. According to newspaper reports, there is rampant corruption and stealing as well. Pakistani investigators have claimed that over 50,000 containers meant for US and NATO forces in Afghanistan have been pilfered within Pakistan with the alleged collusion of authorities. The Supreme Court of Pakistan is currently hearing a case about the pilferring of container trucks and investigators probing the scam have claimed that over 50,000 containers were stolen with the collusion of the Federal Board of Revenue (FBR) and National Logistics Cell (NLC),'The News' daily said quoting unnamed sources. The sources claimed tax evasion on the goods in the pilfered containers would amount to "trillion of rupees."
What connects all the above is the news that cricketer Misbah Ul Haq's bank accounts are reportedly frozen after alleged Rs 3.9 million tax evasion. Indian Express and other news agencies report that Pakistan captain Misbah-ul-Haq's woes multiplied today when the Federal Bureau of Revenue (FBR) froze his bank accounts for tax evasion and non-payment of dues tuning upto 3.9 million rupees. The FBR also froze the bank account of another Pakistan Test player Azhar Ali for same reason. A source close to Misbah said that the action taken by the FBR would be challenged as there was a dispute over amount of dues that the cricketer owed to the tax authorities.
The authorities are quoted as stating that while Misbah owed the FBR nearly 3.9 million rupees ($3900) while Azhar Ali also had to pay dues of 1.5 million. It is stated that there is an ongoing dispute between the players and the FBR over the payment of dues- and the present action is taken as taxable incomes were not declared properly in their returns.
15th Oct 2014.
Posted by Srinivasan Sampathkumar at Wednesday, October 15, 2014
Labels: Cricket, Crime, Interesting, People, Politics
marinir seo new to blogging I would say because my personal blog is just about a year old. But I have been a freelance writer for three years before I started my own blog and still a freelancer to this day so that makes it four years for me as a freelance writer. I know the many tricks about commenting in blogs and I get paid to crate accounts to make comments on blog sites of clients some of them are pretty up there in Google Pagerank.
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September 25, 2012 User2
TCA Abu Dhabi announces sponsorship to IPAF
Abu Dhabi: The Abu Dhabi Tourism and Culture Authority (TCA Abu Dhabi) announced today that it will sponsor International Prize for Arabic Fiction (IPAF), from next year marking the Prize's sixth cycle.
The Prize fits in well with the cultural focus of TCA Abu Dhabi, which is also responsible for the Abu Dhabi International Book Fair and the Louvre and Guggenheim developments.
With its ongoing association with the Booker Prize Foundation, IPAF will maintain its unwavering commitment to independence, transparency and integrity.
The change in funding comes at the end of the fifth year of the Prize which, since its inception in 2007, has grown from strength to strength with the support of the Emirates Foundation for Philanthropy. Following a new direction from its board, the Foundation was re-launched earlier this year as the Emirates Foundation for Youth Development, with a strategy that moves away from grant making to social investment in sustainable long term programmes which improve the lives of young people in the UAE positively and permanently.
Sheikh Sultan Bin Tahnoon Al Nahyan, Managing Director of the Emirates Foundation and Chairman of the Abu Tourism and Culture Authority, comments: Since its launch in 2007, the Prize has grown steadily building a reputation of transparency and independence not only regionally but also worldwide. It is with pride that Abu Dhabi will remain the main hub of the Prize. The new sponsorship will not affect the Prize's administration which shall remain the same. We see IPAF as an important Prize that has enriched global readers with the best in Arabic literature translated into different languages and we are committed to continue supporting this successful initiative.' Jonathan Taylor, Chairman of Trustees for the International Prize for Arabic Fiction, added We have been hugely grateful to the Emirates Foundation whose steadfast support over the first five years of the prize enabled its successful establishment. We now start a new chapter in partnership with TCA Abu Dhabi, which will ensure the future of the Prize and the continuation of the independence and integrity for which it is noted.' Over five years, the Prize has been awarded to six winners and, to date, IPAF novels have been translated into some 20 languages. The 2008 and 2009 winners are now available in English and publication in English has been secured for the winners in the three subsequent years. Rights for the latest (2012) winner, Rabee Jaber, have already been sold in several languages including Polish and Spanish.
Looking forward, submissions for the 2013 Prize closed at the end of June and are at an all-time high, with over 130 eligible submissions from authors from 16 countries across the Arab World: a reflection of the Prize's importance for the Arabic literary community. From this year, publishers are able to submit any new title by an author who has previously been shortlisted for the Prize, in addition to three other novels.
The Prize also welcomes three new trustees this autumn namely Jordanian publisher Maher Kayyali; Lebanese-American publisher Michel Moushabeck and Emirati poet and film-maker Nojoom Alghanem.
The longlist for the 2013 Prize will be announced in December 2012, followed by a shortlist announcement in January 2013. As is tradition, the winner will be announced at the Abu Dhabi International Book Fair in April 2013.
DED, MBRF sign MoU to strengthen consumer awareness towards
Mohammed bin Rashid receives Egyptian Information Minister
US Commerce Department to lift terror-related export restrictions on Sudan
Sudan closes airspace on Ethiopian border


Yeah, but no. I'd posit that people like a nice emotive narrative, and that is why people talking about children dying or being mentally scarred is what has caused vaccine rates to drop. Because just talking about statistics, rationally and calmly, isn't engaging them.
Personally, his delivery gives me the shits, but there isn't much of his content I take issue with. If you have some legit comments about *what* he's saying, rather than how, I'd really like to hear them. I'm actually curious - every time I ask that, people dodge, or assume I'm being hostile; I just want to know what you're seeing that I'm not.
I'll be horrified if Clive the Charlatan wins even one single seat.
Yeah...I think I'm happy to forgo my 50c a week if only they'd reinstate the reductions in state funding they have made in recent years. Anyone in a high income job willing to forgo their $4 per week?


The annual Cancer Research UK 'Christmas Fair' took place at the Wistaston Memorial Hall on Saturday 21st November 2015.
There were numerous stalls selling gifts, plants, books, DVDs, cakes, cheese, and Christmas cards, along with a Teddy Tombola and an efficient Tea Room serving drinks and snacks. The children were all excited to speak to Father Christmas and receive a present from him.
£3,715.53 was raised at the event for Cancer Research UK.
Cheshire East Council has welcomed the Chancellor's announcement to support the development of a multi-million pound centre of excellence at Alderley Park to spearhead research into anti-microbrial resistance (AMR).
The Chancellor announced an initial £4m investment to establish a major research and development centre at the Cheshire life science hub.
AMR is one of the greatest global public health issues facing countries across the world, threatening the effective prevention and treatment of an increasing number of infections and Cheshire East Council is pleased that this important work around this very serious issue will take place at Alderley Park.
A partnership of leaders from industry and academia has come together in the fight against the global problem of AMR and has now been given the go-ahead to create a multi-million pound centre of excellence at the heart of the Greater Manchester and Cheshire Science Corridor, with Alderley Park to act as the focal point of activity to combat anti-microbial resistance.
The centre will provide a world-class platform to develop cutting-edge and innovative treatments and, together with scientists and clinicians across the region, will develop a pipeline of new therapies and testing methods for the benefit of patients and society.
Support for the proposals reaffirms the continued importance of the Greater Manchester and Cheshire Science Corridor to the Northern Powerhouse and is anticipated to be the first of a number of significant science partnerships and investments between the public and private sectors in the region.
The partnership is now working closely with ministers to finalise the funding and further develop the proposals with partners across the region.
Council Leader Michael Jones said: "The development of new products to address anti-microbial resistance is the single most important research programme in the bio-science and medical world and Cheshire East, through Alderley Park, will become a major player in this ground-breaking work.
"As a Council and Borough we are proud that this work is taking place here in Cheshire East and that our businesses and employees are playing such a valuable role in rolling back the frontiers in the fight against new diseases that threaten our children and families at home and abroad.
Dr Peter Jackson, chairman of the partnership, said: "This is great news, not only for our scientists, technologists, clinicians and businesses but also for patients suffering from AMR infections across the world.
Dr. Chris Doherty, site director for Alderley Park, said: "The value to society of a sustainable supply of effective antibiotics is enormous.
Several Alderley Park-based businesses are already working on the development of new drugs and antibiotics as part of a global campaign to discover more effective treatments and anti-infectives.


Re: Can we assume C99?
On 16/05/17 20:02, Cantor, Scott wrote: I'm not entirely sure about the question you're asking here. By autoconf-compatible build files, you're talking about the end result of configure--the generated Makefiles and headers, or the intermediate autoconf/make scripts like configure/Makefile.in?


text:
Q: How to search for a specific string in couchbase array I have JSON documents of below format:
{
  "id":"1005",
  "config":{
      "properties":["ABC_001", "DEF_002", "PQR_009"]
   }
}

How can I search for a particular config.properties that matches pattern '%ABC%' and has an id=1005. In the above case, my output should be
config.properties:ABC_001

A: This gets you close:
select prop as `config.properties`
from test unnest config.properties prop
where test.id = "1005" and prop like '%ABC%'

Here's the output:
[
  {
    "config.properties": "ABC_001"
  }
]

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Kirsten Dunst video pokes fun at selfie culture: have we gone too far?
'Aspirational', the latest in director Matthew Frost's series of fictional short films, commissioned by Vs. Magazine, stars Kirsten Dunst playing herself. Accosted outside her house by two young women who use her as a celebrity prop for their selfies before taking off without a please or thank you, she is left stunned, shaken and used.
It's a jarring piece of work, which is sparking conversation on where 'selfie culture' is taking us. Are these characters typical of young people today? Is the internet affecting our ability to communicate in a real way with others? And how many tiny violins does it take to feel sorry for a talented and successful actor?
The lure of online validation from strangers is a phenomenon we're all still getting our heads around. In the not-so-distant days when our only option was to be broadcast at by the media, it took effort to voice an opinion. Letters and emails had to be written, phone numbers dialled. Then suddenly it was possible to post our unfiltered thoughts on anything and anyone on the internet for all to see, with absolutely no guidance on how best to do this or how to safeguard ourselves and others. If the adults don't know how to avoid becoming addicted to Facebook and Twitter, then surely there's no way they can teach their children to not fall prey to the next app or social network of the moment.
Research about our use of social media often yields massively conflicting results. For instance, studies show that passive use of Facebook makes us more depressed, but active use can improve our mood. Scrolling through pages of other peoples' achievements, happy relationships and beautiful babies can spark jealousy and depression on a bad day, but messaging friends, commenting on posts or simply clicking 'like' is proven to have a positive effect. It makes sense – a situation where your successful friend brags about their lovely life and you say nothing in return would be a bad night out but engaging with them and enjoying a conversation about life, love, the universe and everything in between feels much better!
Ultimately, in the same way we're responsible for our behaviour in day to day life, we're responsible for our actions in the online spaces we frequent. The term 'IRL' (in real life) is problematic because it's all real life – viewing online and offline as imaginary and real can be really dangerous and lead to odd and inappropriate behaviour.
Put simply, don't be a d*ck. Would you go in to your local pub alone and start shouting about your achievements, showing endless streams of Instagram photos and giving anyone who spoke to you a whole load of grief? I do hope not. So why is it ok to slam people – celebrities and otherwise – online, by name, sometimes going to the trouble of tagging them in the post?
Celebrities are an easy target because they don't feel real. They're so far away from our lives, often grotesque caricatures of their features and achievements – that's why so many people experience a meltdown when faced with one in a real life situation. Celebrities are people too!
'Selfie culture' isn't to blame for anything – we all are. We made it. The young characters in Matthew Frost's film might not be monsters – perhaps they're tongue-tied around famous people they respect. In this instance they're more likely to be self serving attention seekers, callously seeking to boost their online following. However, if they were made aware of how it feels to be used in this way, would their behaviour change? I'd like to think so.
Frost's film is useful because it asks questions – are we too obsessed with our online profiles? Are we becoming incapable of living in the moment…or could we? What is the effect of our behaviour on other people? Are we being considerate enough online? And who on earth are we trying to impress in the first place?


I have sensitive skin. I'm allergic to a couple of things; strong soaps, mud, certain skin lotions and washing powders. Very recently I started having a reaction to the topical mosquito repellant I use. Obviously, this presents quite a problem. I don't actually mind the bites as much as I am annoyed by the wailing of mosquitoes buzzing around me while I try to sleep. Prior to all of this my mom told me that mixing powdered cloves into skin lotion and smearing oneself with this concoction before bed was supposed to repel the flying fiends.
That gave me an idea. Obviously, making a natural product is no guarantee that it won't cause a reaction but it could lessen the odds, right? Maybe? Anyway, I took this logic with me as I set out to make my own mosquito repellant.
Step one: Google search natural mosquito repellants, find a few recipes that sound simple and realize that this could work out.
Step two: Realise that you don't have all the ingredients to make any one of the recipes properly but figure that you have a good enough idea to figure something out.
Step three: Steal a few branches from your neighbour's tea-tree tree (it looks like tea-tree and smells like tea-tree, therefore it is tea-tree) and remove all the leaves.
Step four: Put leaves in a container and, because you don't have a mortar and pestle, just smoosh them as well as you can by hand, then pour boiling water over them.
Step five: Toss in some whole cloves because, hey, why not?
Step six: Have second thoughts about whether whole cloves will do the trick and add some powdered cloves too.
Step seven: It has a nice smell so take a good whiff and pat yourself on the back for doing a good job so far.
Step eight: Fragrant water isn't going to stick to your skin very well, right? So let's add some oil to this mixture. Baby oil, to be precise, because that's what I had.
Step nine: The scent of the baby oil doesn't meld so well with the clovey, tea tree scent, but what the heck, it should still work. Hopefully.
Step ten: Maybe it won't work. Wild garlic is also supposed to repel mosquitoes and there's wild chives growing in the garden, which is close enough. Pick some and tear them into your jar then put the lid on.
Step eleven: Shake the jar throughout the day and admire the ominous colour that the water is turning. After a few hours the oil also starts turning a pale beige so take the lid off and give it a smell.
Step twelve: Wow. Hurriedly put the lid back on and try not to gag.
In hindsight, I think adding the chives was a very bad idea but I strained the liquid into a bottle with every intention of using it. By the time I was finished, indecision had settled in. Did I really want to smell so bad that I made myself nauseous, even if it does keep the mozzies away? I didn't have the guts to put it on my skin but I dabbed some of it onto the furniture around the bed. It didn't scare the mosquitoes away completely but I think there were less of them buzzing around. If you decide to try something like this at home, please, follow a proper recipe.