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Hom coneix amb el nom de guerres d'independència d'Escòcia un conjunt de campanyes militars que van enfrontar a Escòcia i Anglaterra des de finals del  fins a mitjans del . L'origen d'aquestes batalles es troba en l'objectiu anglès d'ocupar i annexionar el país escocès, mentre que Escòcia cercava mantenir la independència i la integritat del seu territori.

La Primera Guerra d'Independència, entre 1296 i 1328, va començar amb la invasió anglesa d'Escòcia i va concloure amb la signatura del Tractat d'Edimburg-Northampton, de 1328. Una segona invasió del país, liderada per Eduard Balliol i sostinguda pels anglesos, suposà l'esclat de la Segona Guerra d'Independència, que durà des de 1332 fins a 1357. Només el Tractat de Berwick va permetre acabar amb el conflicte.

Aquest període i tots els conflictes associats van suposar per a Escòcia una greu crisi nacional, que va tenir conseqüències molt importants en la història posterior del país. Tot i així, Escòcia va poder assolir el seu objectiu en el conflicte, com era mantenir el seu estatus de nació lliure i independent.

D'altra banda, cal destacar també que les batalles van tenir una importància destacada en el camp de la tecnologia militar. Així, va ser durant aquest període que es va començar a emprar l'arc llarg anglès, que esdevindria un dels elements més destacats de l'armament a l'edat mitjana.

Primera Guerra d'Independència (1296-1328)

Els inicis de la guerra (1296-1306)

La Primera Guerra d'Independència d'Escòcia (1296-1306) es pot dividir en quatre fases diferenciades:

 Invasió inicial, amb èxit, de les tropes angleses (1296)
 Campanyes dirigides per William Wallace, Andrew de Moray i altres Guardians d'Escòcia, que es conclouen amb la submissió d'Escòcia negociada per John Comyn (1297-1304)
 Noves campanyes dirigides per Robert Bruce, des de la seva coronació fins a la victòria escocesa a la Batalla de Bannockburn (1306-1314).
 Iniciatives diplomàtiques i campanyes militars dirigides pels escocesos a Escòcia, Irlanda i el nord d'Anglaterra, fins a la signatura del tractat d'Edimburg-Northampton (1314-1328).

La guerra es va iniciar amb el saqueig de la ciutat de Berwick per part de les tropes d'Eduard I d'Anglaterra, al març de 1296. L'exèrcit escocès no va trigar a donar resposta, tot i que fou derrotat durament a la batalla de Dunbar. Aquesta derrota va comportar la desfeta de la resistència escocesa i, al juliol del mateix 1296, l'abdicació de Joan Balliol com a rei d'Escòcia. Cap a finals d'agost, l'exèrcit anglès havia ocupat pràcticament la totalitat del territori escocès, i el rei Eduard d'Anglaterra decidí traslladar la Pedra de Scone des de l'abadia de Scone, a Escòcia, fins a l'abadia de Westminster, a Londres. Poc després, el monarca convocà el Parlament a la ciutat de Berwick per tal que la noblesa del país li rendís homenatge. D'aquesta forma, Anglaterra donava per completada l'ocupació d'Escòcia, tot i que el territori no era, ni de prop, plenament dominat.

A partir de 1297, les revoltes organitzades a diferents llocs d'Escòcia per William Wallace, Andrew de Moray i altres nobles del país, van obligar a Eduard I a enviar nous contingents de tropes alhora que tractava d'arribar a acords amb els dirigents del regne. Tot i que el monarca va aconseguir obligar a la noblesa sublevada a Irvine, la constància de les campanyes de William Wallace i Andrew de Moray van portar a la primera victòria escocesa, que va tenir lloc a la batalla de Stirling Bridge. Com a conseqüència d'aquesta batalla, William Wallace va ser proclamat al març de 1298 Guardià d'Escòcia i les seves tropes es llançaren a diverses incursions al nord d'Anglaterra.

El rei Eduard però, planificà una nova invasió amb la qual cercava vèncer definitivament a William Wallace i els seus seguidors. Les tropes angleses marxaren, així, cap a Escòcia, on derrotaren a la resistència a la Batalla de Falkirk (1298). La campanya continuà durant mesos i Eduard I va aconseguir restablir el seu domini sobre bona part del país. A més, el prestigi de William Wallace quedà seriosament afectat, fins al punt que va renunciar al títol de Guardià d'Escòcia i va passar a viure com a fugitiu.

El regnat de Robert Bruce (1306-1314)

El mateix 1298, Robert Bruce i John Comyn van ser proclamats com a nous Guardians d'Escòcia en substitució de William Wallace. Les tensions entre ambdós però, van fer que el bisbe de Saint Andrews, William de Lamberton, rebés també el títol el 1299. En paral·lel, durant aquest any les pressions diplomàtiques de França i el Papa van convèncer a Eduard I per posar en llibertat a Joan Balliol i col·locar-lo sota la tutela del Pontífex. Per la seva part, William Wallace va traslladar-se a França per sol·licitar l'ajuda directa del rei Felip IV, i és possible que el seu viatge arribés fins a la mateixa Roma.

Una sèrie de noves campanyes angleses, planificades per Eduard I entre 1300 i 1301, van concloure amb una nova treva entre Escòcia i Anglaterra el 1302. Només un any més tard però, l'exèrcit anglès tornà a atacar les darreres posicions escoceses, entre les quals destacava com a plaça forta el castell de Stirling. La caiguda d'aquesta fortalesa, a principis de 1304, obligà als darrers nobles que encara no ho havien fet a rendir homenatge a Eduard I. Tot i així, Robert Bruce i William de Lamberton van pactar una nova aliança amb l'objectiu d'alliberar el país i convertir a Robert en nou rei d'Escòcia.

El 1305, amb la captura i execució de William Wallace, Escòcia semblava haver estat definitivament conquerida. El 1306 però, es produí un fet que canviaria el rumb dels esdeveniments. L'enemistat entre Robert Bruce i John Comyn arribà a l'extrem i el primer acabà assassinant el segon. Segons indiquen les fonts, John Comyn havia informat Eduard I sobre les intencions de Robert Bruce d'obtenir la corona d'Escòcia, trencant així un acord entre ambdós Guardians. Bruce però, va aconseguir els informes de la traïció, fet que donà peu al conflicte entre tots dos.

Amb la mort de John Comyn, Robert Bruce va reunir a tots els sacerdots d'Escòcia i als nobles que continuaven recolzant-lo, i es va fer coronar Rei dels escocesos a l'abadia de Scone. Immediatament, el nou monarca inicià una campanya militar per tal d'alliberar el país, tot i que després de ser derrotat va haver de fugir d'Escòcia i declarat fora de la llei. Segons explica la llegenda, ocult en una cova i decidit a abandonar la lluita, va veure com una petita aranya volia fer una teranyina en un espai massa gran per a ella. El rei s'hi va veure reflectit amb la seva lluita, tirant endavant la lluita malgrat que les circumstàncies semblessin no aconsellar-ho. En qualsevol cas, llegenda o no, el 1307 tornà a col·locar-se al capdavant de la resistència i desafià a les tropes angleses en diferents batalles. Amb la mort del rei Eduard d'Anglaterra el seu bàndol semblà reforçar-se, amb un suport cada cop més gran i unes tropes que augmentaven dia rere dia. Amb aquest exèrcit va presentar-se davant dels anglesos a Bannockburn, on aconseguí una important victòria el 1314.

De Bannockburn a Edimburg-Northampton (1314-1328)
Amb la victòria de Bannockburn, Escòcia tornà a recuperar la iniciativa en el conflicte. En aquest sentit, el 1320, un grup de nobles escocesos van transmetre al Papa l'anomenada Declaració d'Arbroath, on li presentaven la independència d'Escòcia respecte d'Anglaterra. Dues declaracions similars van ser també enviades pel clergat i pel mateix rei Robert Bruce.

En el camp militar, el 1322 l'exèrcit escocès va vèncer a les tropes angleses d'Eduard II d'Anglaterra a la Batalla de Old Byland, en terres del comtat de Yorkshire. Amb aquesta derrota, el rei anglès es va veure obligat a reconèixer la independència d'Escòcia, alhora que li va fer perdre bona part dels seus suports a Anglaterra. Cinc anys més tard, el 1327, amb el seu assassinat i l'ascens d'Eduard III d'Anglaterra al tron, Robert Bruce va tornar a envair Anglaterra per tal de millorar les condicions del seu regnat. Amb la nova situació, Anglaterra es va veure obligada a signar el Tractat d'Edimburg-Northampton, segons el qual es reconeixia, de facto, la independència d'Escòcia i a Robert Bruce com a rei. A més, per tal de garantir la pau, el fill i hereu de Robert I, David II, va contraure matrimoni amb la germana d'Eduard III d'Anglaterra.

La Segona Guerra d'Independència (1332-1357)

Després de la mort de Robert I d'Escòcia, el nou rei David II era encara massa jove per a regnar i Thomas Randolph, I comte de Moray va esdevenir el nou 'Guardià d'Escòcia. A l'altra banda de la frontera però, Eduard III, encara que hagués signat el Tractat d'Edimburg-Northampton, estava determinat a venjar-se per la humiliació que, al seu entendre, els escocesos li havien fet patir. Per a aconseguir els seus objectius, comptava amb l'ajuda d'Eduard de Balliol, fill de Joan de Balliol, i que era alhora pretendent al tron d'Escòcia.

El rei anglès, alhora, disposava del suport d'un grup de nobles escocesos, entre els quals també destacava Henry Beaumont, coneguts com els 'desheretats''' ('the Disinherited). Tots ells ja havien col·laborat amb Anglaterra durant la Primera Guerra de la Independència i, després de la Batalla de Bannockburn, Robert Bruce els havia desposseït dels seus títols i les seves terres per donar-se-les, com a premi, als seus aliats. Quan es restablí la pau, no van rebre cap indemnització. És per això que aquests nobles desheretats volien recuperar les seves possessions i serien, en darrer terme, la causa de l'inici de les hostilitats.

El comte de Moray va morir el 20 de juliol de 1332. La noblesa escocesa es va reunir a la ciutat de Perth, on escollí a Donald Mormaer, comte de Mar com a nou Guardià d'Escòcia. En un descans, un petit grup capitanejat per Eduard Balliol es va fer a la mar des del riu Humber. Aquest grup, de poc més de cent homes, estava format per nobles desheretats i mercenaris al seu servei, i, tot i les seves intencions, estava condemnat al fracàs.

Eduard III d'Anglaterra seguia oficialment en pau amb David II d'Escòcia, de manera que els seus tractes amb Eduard de Balliol es feien de forma discreta. Òbviament el monarca coneixia els fets i és probable que Eduard de Balliol li hagués rendit homenatge en secret abans d'iniciar l'expedició. Tot i així, li negà el permís per envair Escòcia a través del riu Tweed, que establia la frontera entre ambdós països, ja que hagués estat una acció massa visible i hauria trencat qualsevol relació entre els dos reis. En canvi, Eduard III acceptà una acció marítima com la iniciada per Eduard de Balliol, tot i que negaria qualsevol coneixement, ho desautoritzaria i confiscaria totes les propietats angleses dels implicats en cas que l'operació no reeixís.

Els desheretats'' desembarcaren a Kinghorn, al Fife, el 6 d'agost. Les notícies dels seus moviments els precedien, de forma que, en el seu avanç cap a Perth, es van trobar amb un gran exèrcit d'infanteria a les ordres del nou Guardià d'Escòcia, Donald Mormaer. Durant aquesta batalla, coneguda com a Batalla de Dupplin Moor, el petit exèrcit d'Eduard Balliol, dirigit per Henry Beaumont, va derrotar a les tropes escoceses malgrat la superació numèrica d'aquestes. Beaumont va emprar en la seva victòria les mateixes tàctiques que els anglesos aplicarien i difondrien posteriorment durant la Guerra dels Cent Anys, amb cavallers a peu al centre i grups d'arquers a les ales de l'exèrcit. Atrapats sota una mortífera pluja de fletxes, la gran majoria dels soldats escocesos no van arribar, ni tan sols, a tocar a les línies angleses. Quan la massacre finalitzà, Donald Mormaer, Robert Bruce (fill il·legítim de Robert I d'Escòcia), nombrosos nobles i gairebé 2000 soldats més havien mort a la batalla.

Com a conseqüència del resultat d'aquesta batalla, Eduard de Balliol es coronà com a rei dels escocesos, primerament a la ciutat de Perth i, posteriorment, al mes de setembre, a l'abadia de Scone.

Tot i així, l'èxit d'Eduard de Balliol va sorprendre Eduard III d'Anglaterra, qui, atemorit per l'èxit de l'acció i davant del risc d'una nova invasió escocesa d'Anglaterra, decidí dirigir-se al capdavant dels seus homes fins a la frontera com a mesura de precaució.

A l'octubre d'aquest mateix 1332, Archibald Douglas, que havia estat nomenat poc abans com a nou Guardià d'Escòcia, signà una treva amb Eduard de Balliol. En aquest tractat es van incloure certes clàusules que permetien reunir-se al Parlament d'Escòcia i que fos aquest qui decidís sobre la persona del monarca. En paral·lel, Eduard de Balliol es va desprendre en aquest moment de bona part de les seves tropes angleses i es dirigí cap a Annan, a la costa nord del Solway Firth. També feu públiques dues cartes, on afirmà que, amb l'ajuda d'Anglaterra, reivindicava novament el regne d'Escòcia, alhora que defensava que aquest sempre havia estat un feu depenent d'Anglaterra. Va prometre igualment la cessió de terres a Eduard III d'Anglaterra al llarg de tota la frontera, inclòs Berwick-upon-Tweed, així com el seu servei a aquest durant tota la seva vida.

Malgrat el control aparent d'Eduard de Balliol sobre tot el territori, Archibald Douglas el va atacar per sorpresa al mes de desembre a Annan, amb les primeres llums del matí. Bona part dels soldats d'Eduard van morir en l'atac, però ell mateix aconseguí fugir a cavall, mig nu, per a refugiar-se a Carlisle.

A l'abril de 1333, l'aliança dels dos Eduard, de Balliol i III d'Anglaterra, va assetjar la ciutat de Berwick amb un poderós exèrcit. Archibald Douglas va intentar trencar el setge al mes de juliol, però el seu exèrcit va ser derrotat i ell mateix va morir a la batalla de Halidon Hill. El rei David II, acompanyat de la reina, es van refugiar per seguretat al castell de Dumbarton, alhora que Berwick, després de la rendició davant de l'exèrcit anglès, fou annexionada formalment a Anglaterra. Amb aquests fets, Escòcia passava a estar dominada pràcticament a la seva totalitat per Anglaterra: bona part del territori es trobava ocupada militarment per l'exèrcit anglès i fins a vuit comtats de la zona dels Lowlands van ser cedits a Anglaterra per Eduard de Balliol.

Donada aquesta situació, a principis de l'any 1334, el rei Felip VI de França va proposar concedir-li asil al rei David II a França, tant a la seva persona com a la totalitat de la seva cort. Acceptant aquesta proposta, David II arribà a França al mes de maig del mateix 1334, i s'instal·là amb la seva cort al castell normand de Gaillard. Felip VI va decidir també incloure a Escòcia i al seu monarca en les negociacions de pau que en aquell moment es realitzaven entre França i Anglaterra. Aquestes negociacions, curiosament, no van dur a la consecució de la pau, sinó que van acabar donant inici a la Guerra dels Cent Anys.

En paral·lel, a Escòcia, malgrat l'absència de David II, diversos Guardians van mantenir viva la lluita contra els anglesos. El novembre de 1334, Eduard III d'Anglaterra va intentar una nova invasió d'Escòcia, tot i que va haver d'aturar les operacions al febrer de 1335 a causa del mal temps i en no aconseguir els resultats desitjats. El juliol però, i acompanyat d'Eduard de Balliol i 13.000 soldats, tornà a avançar cap al nord. Aquesta nova campanya anà dirigida contra Glasgow i Perth, on s'aturà mentre els seus homes saquejaven i arrasaven tots els camps de la regió. Davant d'aquesta violència, els escocesos van modificar la seva estratègia, tot intentant evitar les batalles a camp obert. Alhora, es va procurar evacuar, en la mesura de les possibilitats, els habitants dels Lowlands cap als turons i les terres del nord, més segures. Tot i així, certs cabdells, com ara bé David de Strathbogie, el comte d'Atholl i Robert II, nebot de Robert I, van preferir sotmetre's a Eduard III d'Anglaterra, retent-li homenatge a Perth.

Finalitzada la campanya, i amb Eduard III novament a Anglaterra, els últims líders de la resistència escocesa van escollir a Andrew Murray com a nou Guardià d'Escòcia. Ràpidament, aquest negocià una treva amb el rei anglès, amb una durada fixada d'un any (fins a 1336), procés on tant el rei de França com el Papa van enviar emissaris per tal de cercar la pau definitiva entre Anglaterra i Escòcia. Al mes de gener de 1336, els escocesos van presentar una proposta de tractat segons la qual reconeixien com a rei a Eduard de Balliol, ja ancià i sense descendència, a canvi que el seu successor fos el mateix David II, qui abandonaria el seu exili francès i es traslladaria a Anglaterra. Tot i això, el mateix David II rebutjà aquesta proposta, fet que suposà el final de la treva.

Al mes de maig, un nou exèrcit anglès, comandat per Henry de Grosmont, primer duc de Lancaster, envaí Escòcia amb el suport d'un segon exèrcit encapçalat pel mateix rei Eduard III. Ambdós exèrcits van devastar una gran àrea del nord-oest d'Escòcia, amb els saqueigs d'Aberdeen i Elgin (Escòcia), a la vegada que un tercer exèrcit arrasava el sud-oest del país i la vall del riu Clyde.

La força i brutalitat d'aquestes invasions va canviar la visió del conflicte que tenien altres potències. Així, Felip VI de França va comunicar que faria tot allò que fos possible per ajudar els escocesos, alhora que posava a punt una gran flota, acompanyada d'un nombrós exèrcit, per tal d'envair ja no només Escòcia sinó la mateixa Anglaterra. Davant d'aquesta amenaça, Eduard III d'Anglaterra avortà immediatament la campanya. Al seu torn, Escòcia, amb Andrew Murray al capdavant, va prendre la iniciativa en capturar i destruir ràpidament les fortaleses angleses, devastant, fins i tot, els camps anglesos i fent aquests inhabitables pels camperols anglesos.

L'amenaça, cada cop major, d'un possible atac francès, va fer perdre el control del conflicte a Eduard III d'Anglaterra i, amb ell, el control del territori escocès, que passà a mans dels mateixos escocesos. Així, a partir de 1338, mentre Agnes Dunbar, comtessa de Dunbar i de March, continuava resistint les tropes que assetjaven el castell de Dunbar, la resta d'Escòcia va conèixer un període de pau, ja que Eduard III havia fet públiques les seves reivindicacions sobre la corona de França i havia desplaçat les seves tropes a Flandes, fet amb el qual s'iniciava la Guerra dels Cent Anys.

En qualsevol cas, en només nou anys el regne que havia organitzat en el seu moment Robert Bruce havia quedat pràcticament destruït. Bona part de la noblesa escocesa havia mort als diferents combats i l'economia d'Escòcia, que només havia començat a recuperar-se de les guerres anteriors, havia quedat novament destruïda pràcticament a la seva totalitat. Així, doncs, l'Escòcia que es va trobar David II en tornar al juny de 1341, era un país devastat i amb gran necessitat de pau i bon govern.

El monarca, al seu retorn i donada aquesta situació, va decidir mostrar-se digne del seu il·lustre progenitor, Robert Bruce. Va trencar les treves amb Anglaterra i retornà el suport que havia rebut de França col·laborant amb el rei Felip VI durant la Guerra dels Cent Anys. El 1341 encapçalà una incursió de l'exèrcit escocès a terres angleses, forçant així a Eduard III a desplaçar tropes cap al nord del país. Després de diverses operacions com aquesta, el 1346 Felip VI de França sol·licità a David II la invasió completa d'Anglaterra, per tal d'obligar a aquesta a trencar el setge anglès sobre la ciutat francesa de Calais. El rei d'Escòcia acceptà formalment la proposta i avançà cap al sud amb un exèrcit de 12.000 homes. En el seu avanç cap a la ciutat de Durham, es va topar amb un exèrcit anglès de 5.000 homes que avançava cap al nord des de Yorkshire. Ambdós contingents es van enfrontar a la batalla de Neville's Cross, on l'exèrcit escocès va patir una gran derrota. El mateix David II va ser ferit per dues vegades al rostre i fou fet presoner pels anglesos. Després d'un període de convalescència, fou empresonat a la Torre de Londres durant onze anys, mentre Escòcia era manada pel seu nebot, Robert Stewart. Aprofitant aquesta avinentesa, el 1355 Eduard de Balliol tornà a marxar cap a Escòcia al capdavant d'un petit exèrcit per tal de conquerir novament la corona del país. Tot i així, només va poder controlar part de Galloway, alhora que les seves forces minvaven. Finalment, el 1356 retirà definitivament les seves pretensions al tron escocès, i va morir vuit anys més tard, el 1364, sense descendència.

Finalment, en aplicació del Tractat de Berwick, el 3 d'octubre de 1357, David II va ser posat en llibertat després que Escòcia hagués pagat a Anglaterra un rescat desorbitat de 100.000 marcs, quantitat que s'havia d'abonar en un termini màxim de deu anys a partir de la posada en llibertat. Per a poder fer front a aquests pagaments, David II, ja novament al tron, va haver d'apujar fortament els impostos a la població. Aquest fet li va fer perdre bona part de la seva popularitat, ja que la població entenia que la recaptació no podia dedicar-se al pagament d'un deute contret pel mateix monarca. A més, en aquell moment l'economia d'Escòcia era encara pitjor que en anys anteriors, donats els efectes de l'epidèmia de pesta negra. Així, el primer pagament es realitzà en les formes i temps acordats; el segon s'abonà amb retard i la resta mai arribaren a pagar-se.

El 1363, David II va accedir a viatjar a la capital anglesa, on acceptà que, en cas que morís sense descendència, la corona d'Escòcia passaria al rei Eduard III d'Anglaterra, al seu cunyat o bé a algun dels seus fills. Tot i així, perquè la cerimònia de coronació fos vàlida, la Pedra de Scone tornaria a Escòcia. Malgrat la concreció d'aquesta negociació, els escocesos el rebutjaren i van proposar, en lloc seu, continuar els pagaments del rescat, els quals havien augmentat ja fins a les 100.000 lliures, alhora que amenaçaven de deposar a David II. El 1365 se signà un nou tractat segons el qual s'establia una treva de vint-i-cinc anys de durada, però aquest document fou derogat el 1369 per un nou tractat, més favorable per a Escòcia. Aquest document, signat en plena guerra d'Anglaterra contra França, preveia acceptar els 44.000 marcs ja abonats com a part deduïble del deute inicial, alhora que la quantitat restant s'hauria d'abonar en anualitats de 4.000 marcs durant els següents 14 anys.

Malgrat aquests tractats de pau i la nova estabilitat a ambdós costats de la frontera, David II va perdre la seva popularitat i el respecte de la noblesa escocesa, en haver contret matrimoni en segones núpcies amb la vídua d'un petit senyor feudal. Finalment, el monarca va morir al febrer de 1371, deixant la corona en mans del seu nebot, Robert Stewart. D'altra banda, quan el 1377 va morir Eduard III d'Anglaterra, encara restaven 24.000 marcs per pagar, que ja mai serien abonats.

Vegeu també
 Història d'Escòcia
 Independentisme escocès

Referències

Enllaços externs

 Guerres d'independència d'Escòcia

Història d'Escòcia
Guerres del segle XIII
Guerres del segle XIV
Escocia
Independentisme escocès


Snippet of our rehearsal, back in January; Eric Whitacre's Seal Lullaby.
See you guys 5th of July, hopefully we'll play this great Seal Lullaby again!
Amazing winter concert with Voces8 at the Laurenskerk, Rotterdam. Sold out production of De Doelen; "Winter Tales".
And even an unexpected cosy winter feeling, because the Netherlands were covered in beautiful snow on this very day!
Photo by Jan Hordijk. With Voces8, Laurens de Boer; piano, Hans Woudenberg; cello, Karin Dolman; viola, Cisem Ozkurt; violin.
In Memoriam Hans van Ommeren, amazing photographer and person.
Photo by Hans van Ommeren, May 2018.
Here's the live recording of the premiere of Peter-Jan Wagemans' 'The Bell and the Maiden', written for me! Enjoy!
What a blast! Yesterday I had the honor playing the premiere of 'The Bell and The Maiden' in a full house Jurriaanse Zaal at de Doelen, Rotterdam! It was an amazing experience to play for such an enthusiastic audience and for all my dear friends and family who were there. Also many many thanks to Peter-Jan Wagemans, who wrote a magnificent piece for me with my energy in mind; therefore the piece came very natural to me. I hope he and I added a great piece to the harp repertoire! Stay tuned for the recording, will follow soon!
Premiere of "The Bell and The Maiden" (2017) specially written for me, solo harp, by Peter-Jan Wagemans. 27th of November 2017, Jurriaanse Zaal, De Doelen.
New website! With many thanks to Richard Alma (images) & Samuel Boss, (make-up). Also the past few months I've focused on my new solo program for coming season, since that's almost ready I'm taking on more concerts again! Send me a message to get in touch.
Annemieke Breunesse is a Dutch harpist based in Utrecht, the Netherlands and loves contemporary music. She works with composers like Jan-Peter de Graaff, Peter-Jan Wagemans, and others. She's also president of a composers' collective & ensemble called Shapeshift. Read more..


CHICAGO The Greater Chicago Food Depository says food banks throughout the city are in desperate need of donations.
The economic downturn is making it harder for many to feed their families.
The food depository says there has been a big jump in demand for help at area food banks. That's expected to go up as the holiday season approaches. And they need more supplies to meet the demand.
The number of people turning to pantries, soup kitchens and shelters in Cook County has gone up 30 percent over the past year, according to the Greater Chicago Food Depository.
The demand increases as food prices soar. The rising cost of food is making it harder for many working people who are trying to make ends meet.
The Greater Chicago Food Depository distributes more than 46 million pounds of food each year. Chicago lung specialist Dr. Anas Nahhas volunteers every two weeks to come to the depository to purchase food for a Bridgeview food pantry.
"The demand is increasing, like, 300 times now," said Nahhas.
On Wednesday, the food depository is distributing more than 130 pounds of food to Chicago's hungry.
The depository feeds more than 500,000 hungry men, women and children annually.
"Across the board, we've seen an increase of 30 percent in the number of people turning to pantries and food kitchens. For people living paycheck to paycheck, the added cost of food and fuel, these are the things that can really make it difficult," said Bob Dolgan, Greater Chicago Food Depository.
The Noble Evangelistic Ministries' Mother Jones Food Pantry joined the Chicago food depository in August and has already run out of its quota of food for the month. Pastor Virgil Jones says all he has is a few cans of peaches to give out to the hungry families.
"An elderly lady said she bought three cans of cat food to survive on. Kids (are) telling me that they only eat lunch at school, once during the day and after that they have no other food to eat at home," Jones said.
Pastor Jones showed the bills he is receiving from the Greater Chicago Food Depository and how he owes them more than $700 and must pay them before he can receive more food.
Dolgan says much of the food is given away for free. They charge 7 cents a pound for perishables. He added that they provide consultation, training and financial management to the pantries that need it. Dolgan said that Noble Evangelistic Ministries owes more than $432 and just received food October 17. They have met with the pantry and will have food for them Friday.
If you'd like to donate money to help Noble Evangelistic Ministries pay its debt, visit the Greater Chicago Food Depository at 4100 W. Ann Lurie Dr., Chicago and donate to account A01306.


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Prime Entertainment inks deal with Nat Geo Mundo
Paris and L.A.- based producer and distributor Prime Entertainment Group has inked a deal with National Geographic Mundo. The broadcaster has picked up the documentary Those On The Other Side from ...
Paris and L.A.- based producer and distributor Prime Entertainment Group has inked a deal with National Geographic Mundo.
The broadcaster has picked up the documentary Those On The Other Side from Prime's catalog, to be aired in the U.S. and the Caribbean. The feature doc follows ordinary Mexican families living on both sides of the border.
"We've had in the last year a growing success with our catalog in North America," said David Freydt, MD of Prime, in a statement. "We like the programs we distribute very much and we're happy they suit the needs of so many prestigious channels, especially in the U.S."
Prime recently signed several deals with TV channels in the U.S. including Sony AXN, AMC Sundance and Reelz. Discovery recently picked up the docuseries Einsatzgruppen The Nazi Death Squads from director Michaël Prazan.
Nat Geo Mundo was launched in 2011 broadcasting in American Spanish for an U.S. audience.
National Geographic, Prime Entertainment Group, Those On The Other Side
Nat Geo acquires RadicalMedia's "From the Ashes"
Nat Geo picks up docuseries from Katie Couric, Jay Z
Quebecor Content teams up with Nat Geo to bring docs to Club illico
Coming Soon: "Invite Only Cabo," "Hell on Earth"

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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You are here: Home / Featured / Center Talk Editorial: Black Students Matter — Have You Talked with...
Center Talk Editorial: Black Students Matter — Have You Talked with Your Own Kids About This?
December 1, 2015 /0 Comments/in Featured /by SSC WebTeam
UCLA[vii]
"Black Students Matter" — Have You Talked with Your Own Kids About This?
By Lisbeth Gant-Britton
November 30, 2015 – As black college students return from the Thanksgiving holiday wondering if Black Students Matter, many of them may take heart from Brown University's current November 20, 2015 proposal to spend up to $100 million to address racism and diversity on that campus throughout the decade. Students of color at that institution had called for change following a recent situation in which campus police mistakenly "slammed" a Dartmouth student into handcuffs, although he was only on campus to participate in a Latino student conference.[i]
Meanwhile, on that same Friday, November 20, 2015, across the country at Lewis & Clark College in Portland, Oregon, an African American college student told police he was assaulted by three other college-age males, all white and hurling racial epithets, near the campus swimming pool. According to reports, the student managed to fend off the attackers and get back to his dorm room. Earlier in the week, students on that campus had also noted racial slurs on a social message app, but authorities do not know if the incidents are directly related. Meanwhile, a broad cross-section of Lewis and Clark students has already held a large sit-in to protest the racially-charged remarks.
Lewis & Clark College, Portland, Oregon
Portland Mayor Charlie Hales noted: "While we are a city that prides itself on the broad protection of free speech, no matter how abhorrent the content may be, I am calling on all of us to stand together against the use of ugly, disturbing language that inexcusably threatens or otherwise creates fear in any other person."[ii]
To date, black student groups on more than 23 campuses around the country have issued manifestoes concerning the theme of Black Students Matter and Black Lives Matter. From Yale to UCLA, they recount incidents with a similar ring: what they consider to be incidences of disrespectful treatment by their student peers and/or others on campus, expressions of outright racial or ethnic hostility.[iii] Racially insensitive situations outside of class have even been found at Harvard, where last week students discovered black tape on the portraits of (only) the black professors in the prestigious law school.[iv]
In nearby Springfield, Massachusetts, Springfield College President, Mary-Beth A. Cooper, agreed with students on that campus who held a moment of silence regarding recent racial incidents at the University of Missouri and elsewhere: "We must take seriously our role in making certain that every member of our community—faculty, staff, and student—is open to dialogue and are prepared socially to engage in the conversations that allow us to embrace and celebrate diversity."[v]
I clearly remember an incident on a campus where I used to teach. I was one of the few African American professors there. One evening, a newly-arrived African American student from an urban background went back to his dorm room, only to find that someone had set it on fire. Although the actual blaze was small, its message was loud and clear. I remember the speed with which faculty and administrators gathered to assess the situation. We attempted to make the fastest possible provisions for campus-wide, dorm by dorm dialogues about the incident. While deployment of this procedure was by no means easy, I think it went a long way towards bringing forth an important teaching opportunity in as timely a manner as possible. To varying degrees, teaching moments are occurring today around these current issues on many of the campuses in question.
University of Missouri, November 9, 2015-Resignation of resignation of President Tim Wolfe[vi]
But today's situations cry out for even more concerted support from concerned adults of all races and persuasions, on campus and off. This is not just an ivory tower issue. It is a major teaching moment in the broadest sense possible. It's our opportunity to help as many young people of all races, ethnicities, religious and cultural persuasions come to meaningful terms with these situations and learn from them. Many adults have already been weighing in, but young people need to see even more people of good conscience honestly and openly grappling with these situations ourselves. Have you had a talk with your own kids about this? As parents and concerned adults, we remember the tumultuous times this country has already been through. No one wants our precious young ones to have to go through that nowadays. The only way to prevent going backwards is the old-school way: to have our kids put down the cell phones and stop sending the texts long enough to talk with us face to face—to do some serious soul-searching–perpetrators and victims alike.
If you have ideas about how to get such a conversation going in your family or neighborhood, please let us know. We'd love to hear from you. Because we think you agree that Black Students Matter—very much.
[i] http://www.theroot.com/articles/news/2015/11/brown_university_to_spend_millions_to_address_campus_diversity_racism.html
[ii] http://www.theroot.com/articles/news/2015/11/black_student_assaulted_by_3_white_males_using_racial_slurs_at_lewis_clark.html?wpisrc=newstories
[iii] http://www.theroot.com/articles/news/2015/11/_studentblackout_movement_demands_institutional_change_in_schools.html
[iv] http://www.theroot.com/articles/news/2015/11/portraits_of_harvard_law_s_black_professors_defaced.html?wpisrc=obinsite
Office of the President <officeofthepresident@springfieldcollege.edu>
[vi] http://www.theroot.com/articles/news/2015/11/_studentblackout_movement_demands_institutional_change_in_schools.html
[vii] https://wspucla.wordpress.com/2015/10/14/blackbruinsmatter-sparks-dialogue-about-racism-at-ucla/
Applications Now Available for the MLK Oratorical Contest "Fly" at the Pasadena Playhouse – January 26 – February...


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Hurricane Harvey Advisory Number  23
1000 PM CDT Fri Aug 25 2017
...EYE OF CATEGORY 4 HARVEY MAKES LANDFALL BETWEEN PORT ARANSAS AND
PORT O'CONNOR TEXAS...
...CATASTROPHIC FLOODING EXPECTED DUE TO HEAVY RAINFALL AND STORM
SURGE...
SUMMARY OF 1000 PM CDT...0300 UTC...INFORMATION
ABOUT 30 MI...45 KM ENE OF CORPUS CHRISTI TEXAS
ABOUT 45 MI...75 KM SW OF PORT OCONNOR TEXAS
MAXIMUM SUSTAINED WINDS...130 MPH...215 KM/H
PRESENT MOVEMENT...NW OR 325 DEGREES AT 7 MPH...11 KM/H
MINIMUM CENTRAL PRESSURE...938 MB...27.70 INCHES
CHANGES WITH THIS ADVISORY:
SUMMARY OF WATCHES AND WARNINGS IN EFFECT:
* Port Mansfield to High Island Texas
* Port Mansfield to Sargent Texas
* North of Sargent to High Island Texas
inundation from rising water moving inland from the coastline in the
indicated locations. For a depiction of areas at risk, please see
the National Weather Service Storm Surge Watch/Warning Graphic,
available at hurricanes.gov.  This is a life-threatening situation.
somewhere within the warning area, in this case within the next few
hours. Preparations to protect life and property should already be
Interests in southwestern Louisiana should continue to monitor the
progress of this system.
DISCUSSION AND 48-HOUR OUTLOOK
At 1000 PM CDT (0300 UTC), the center of Hurricane Harvey was
located near latitude 28.0 North, longitude 97.0 West.  Harvey has
just made landfall on the Texas coast over the northern end of San
Jose Island about 4 miles (6 km) east of Rockport.  Harvey is
moving toward the northwest near 7 mph (11 km/h).  The hurricane is
expected to slow its forward motion and move slowly over
southeastern Texas during the next couple of days.
Maximum sustained winds are near 130 mph (215 km/h) with higher
gusts.  Harvey is a category 4 hurricane on the Saffir-Simpson
Hurricane Wind Scale.  Weakening is forecast during the next 48
hours while the center of Harvey is over southeastern Texas.
Hurricane-force winds extend outward up to 40 miles (65 km) from the
center and tropical-storm-force winds extend outward up to 140 miles
(220 km).  A Texas Coastal Ocean Observing Network station at
Aransas Pass recently reported sustained winds of 111 mph (178 km/h)
and a wind gust of 131 mph (211 km/h).
The minimum central pressure just reported by an Air Force Reserve
Hurricane Hunter aircraft is 938 mb (27.70 inches).
RAINFALL:  Harvey is expected to produce total rain accumulations of
15 to 30 inches and isolated maximum amounts of 40 inches over the
middle and upper Texas coast through next Wednesday. During the same
time period Harvey is expected to produce total rain accumulations
of 5 to 15 inches in far south Texas and the Texas Hill Country over
through southwest and central Louisiana. Rainfall of this magnitude
will cause catastrophic and life-threatening flooding.
rising waters moving inland from the shoreline.  The water is
expected to reach the following heights above ground if the peak
surge occurs at the time of high tide...
Port Aransas to Port O'Connor...9 to 13 ft
Port O'Connor to Sargent...6 to 9 ft
N Entrance Padre Island Natl Seashore to Port Aransas...5 to 8 ft
Sargent to Jamaica Beach...4 to 6 ft
Port Mansfield to N Entrance Padre Island Natl Seashore...3 to 5 ft
Jamaica Beach to High Island...2 to 4 ft
Mouth of the Rio Grande to Port Mansfield...1 to 3 ft
High Island to Morgan City...1 to 3 ft
The deepest water will occur along the immediate coast near and to
the northeast of the landfall location, where the surge will be
accompanied by large and destructive waves.  Surge-related flooding
depends on the relative timing of the surge and the tidal cycle, and
can vary greatly over short distances.  For information specific to
your area, please see products issued by your local National Weather
Service forecast office.
WIND:  Hurricane conditions are occuring along the coast in the Port
Aransas to Port O'Connor area and should spread over other portions
of the hurricane warning area during the next several hours.
Tropical storm conditions are occurring in other portions of the
hurricane and tropical storm warning areas.  Tropical storm
conditions are likely to persist along portions of the coast through
at least Sunday.
SURF:  Swells generated by Harvey are affecting the Texas,
Louisiana, and northeast Mexico coasts.  These swells are likely to
cause life-threatening surf and rip current conditions. Please
consult products from your local weather office.
TORNADOES:  Tornadoes are possible through Saturday near the middle
and upper Texas coast into far southwest Louisiana.
Next intermediate advisory at 100 AM CDT.
Next complete advisory at 400 AM CDT.


What Is Your Foolish Opinion of Boston Beer?
Are capacity issues holding Boston Beer back?
In this edition of The Motley Fool's "Ask a Fool" series, Motley Fool analysts Jason Moser and Brendan Mathews take a question from a reader who asks, "I have a position in Boston Beer (NYSE:SAM); how far do you think it can run once they fix their capacity issues? Should I increase my position?"
Jason refers to Boston Beer's most recent quarter, in which the company reported a bit of a hit to net income because of unanticipated demand for its product. While in the short run that can result in potential volatility for the stock price, ultimately it's a good problem to have. Boston Beer continues to pick up market share on the overall domestic beer market thanks to the fast growth rates craft beer is witnessing, and with a founder in Jim Koch who is still invested in the day-to-day operations of the business, investors in Boston Beer should feel great about the stock as a long-term holding today.


Rigging refers to the use of mechanical load-shifting equipment and associated gear to move, place or secure a load. Lifting loads with rigging predominantly involves working and/or load traversing at height. Risks of workers falling, or suspended loads falling must be considered.
We have produced guidance on how to be safe when load-lifting with rigging.
This code provides recommendations and procedures for safe practice while carrying out lifting with rigging. It includes guidance for determining the appropriate loading methods, configurations and equipment for load-lifting in construction.
Note: As there may be some minor errors in the load charts for chain slings, we recommend that manufacturer charts are used.


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Sort By... Brand Product Name Newest Products Priced Low to High Priced High to Low Rated Low to High Rated High to Low Total Reviews Best Sellers 12 Per Page 24 Per Page 36 Per Page 48 Per Page 60 Per Page
American Indian Code Talkers Paperback Younger readers can discover the little known history of American Indian Code Talkers in this...
American Indian Code Talkers Paperback
Item #: BB30206 -
Younger readers can discover the little known history of American Indian Code Talkers in this volume through photos, infographics, timelines, charts and easy-to-read text. As they follow along, readers will learn about the lives of many Native Americans who acted heroically for their country even as they faced hardship and discrimination.
Tuskegee Airmen Paperback Younger readers can discover the little known history of brave fighter pilots known as the Tuskegee...
Tuskegee Airmen Paperback
Younger readers can discover the little known history of brave fighter pilots known as the Tuskegee Airmen in this volume through photos, infographics, timelines, charts and easy-to-read text. As they follow along, readers will learn about the lives of many African American men who acted heroically for their country even as they faced hardship and discrimination.
WASP's Paperback Younger readers can discover the little known history of female pilots known as WASPs in this...
WASP's Paperback
Younger readers can discover the little known history of female pilots known as WASPs in this volume through photos, infographics, timelines, charts and easy-to-read text. As they follow along, readers will learn about the lives of the many women who acted heroically for their country even as they faced hardship and discrimination.
Buffalo Soldiers Paperback With primary source photos, infographics, timelines, and easy-to-read text, younger readers will...
Buffalo Soldiers Paperback
With primary source photos, infographics, timelines, and easy-to-read text, younger readers will learn about the African American men known as Buffalo Soldiers, who served on the Western frontier. As they follow along, readers will learn about the lives of many African American men and women who acted heroically for their country even as they faced hardship and discrimination.
My First 10 Paintings Introducing 10 of the most famous artworks of all time. Celebrated works of art reveal themselves...
My First 10 Paintings
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Free Gift! Professor L. Otto Funn
Introducing 10 of the most famous artworks of all time. Celebrated works of art reveal themselves through cut-out pages where kids must keep turning in order to see the full painting.
Harlem Hellfighters Paperback Younger readers can discover the little known history of the Harlem Hellfighters in this volume...
Harlem Hellfighters Paperback
Younger readers can discover the little known history of the Harlem Hellfighters in this volume through photos, infographics, timelines, charts and easy-to-read text. As they follow along, readers will learn about the lives of many African American men who acted heroically for their country even as they faced hardship and discrimination.


CPP LTD is a leader in the facilitation of specialised protective packaging and handling systems primarily in the Pharmaceutical, Automotive, Aerospace and Environmental industries. These special projects are underpinned by our process driven 3 D's philosophy – Define, Develop and Deliver – which enables the delivery of bespoke, reusable, multi-trip packaging and product handling systems. CPP also provides other general and bespoke plastic products and solutions to its Customers through 3rd party suppliers and manufacturing partners.
CPP ensures a high quality service to its Customers through a process driven methodology that embraces preferred suppliers, manufacturers and subcontractors thus ensuring the products are delivered direct from our manufacturing partners to our Customers and with a flexibility that allows delivery world-wide either directly or through distributors. Our strength lies in our ability to draw different components and disciplines together, assemble, check and deliver, to achieve the correct outcome for our Customers.
Our Company prides itself on the quality of its Products and Services that it provides to its Customers and considers the registration and integration of the BS EN 9001:2015 fundamental to the processes and is a demonstration of our total commitment to Quality and the Environment.
Our Define, Develop and Deliver philosophy enables us to collaborate with our partners to produce intricate customised packaging and protection solutions from inception to conclusion thus ensuring confidence, minimising impact and maximising efficiency. This fundamental philosophy that we have endeavoured to adhere to for the last 37 years is underpinned by our longstanding ISO 9001 accreditation.
Risk based thinking for an effective quality management system and applying the Plan, Do, Check, Act cycle around our Define, Develop and Deliver process enables us to ensure the necessary controls, processes and check points are in place to monitor and measure our performance and where necessary implement improvements. This process is essential to our primary goal – the provision of total commitment and service to our Customer.


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If You've Never Thought of It Like That
Following a question about the practicality of their work work yesterday, Creative Capital artist Heather Dewey-Hagborg dryly remarked that "I have been contacted by many police departments." Another artist, Jeffrey Gibson, was simply suspicious of the idea. "We live an overachieving culture," which diminishes free thinking. "I'm not looking to make an impact," he said.
IdeaFestival founder Kris Kimel picked up that thread shortly thereafter saying that the subject of impact or of practicality was something he often addressed as founder and evangelist-in-chief of the festival. But surprise, like creative outcomes, can't be scheduled. So his response to that question, he said, was simply this:
I have no idea what you'll get out of it. That's the POINT.
The image above, by the way, comes from our Instagram feed. You should really have a look at it.
Stay curious™
"Nonsense," Isn't


Spices are important components of Indian foods. They contribute towards making our foods delicious, make our foods look colored and flavored. They play a vital role in making our foods healthy and enjoyable too. There are various kinds of spices available in the market and they are the ingredients that help us in many ways to maintain our good health.
They are in big demand today in the national and international market and they come in different forms too. The wide popularity of these spices has in another way impacted our life because they come with various ingredients that are hazard to our health. It is the reason they need to be tested before presenting them out in the market to the consumers. We can say that due to the black market and various other intended purposes by few agents they adulterate the spices with the aim of getting profits in the market in one or another form.
Consuming such adulterated spices always result into unhealthy states causing several kinds of illnesses and other health ailments too. This is the reason even after producing raw spices, they are harnessed and packaged after careful analysis in which through examination is done. This is the reason why many of the spices producing states approach to various companies which are specialized at testing. For mass consumption it is vital that one we get in the market are healthy and free from adulteration. It is the reason the Government of India set up standard and according to this standard the companies bringing out spices in the market must prove the products are well examined and tested.
If you are one of those persons engaged in supplying of such spice products, the first thing that you need is to get your products tested from verified ISO certified laboratory. When it comes to having of such laboratory, Spectro Analytical Lab is the one majority of companies prefer. The reason being is it has all kinds of equipments and required expertise in the professionals engaging in the work of analysis.
Though there are some companies that run laboratories in the country which claim to offer the quality service, but before you set up a deal, it is important that you find out the details about the quality of services offered by the laboratories if they maintain the quality as per standard sets by the Government. Spice product testing is very important to prevent any adulteration towards the food safety for us and it is only because of the welfare of the people or consumers that government established the regulation.
When you want to get your spice products tested, it is better to choose the one which is more reliable and presently Spectro Analytical Lab has been serving clients from all across the country with its affordable cost which most of the clients are able to avail the expert services professionally. If you are in need of such food product testing, you should not rush anywhere because the professional experts are waiting to get your product tested.
Do All Metals Rust and Are vulnerable to Corrosion?


I created this group for all north Atlanta suburbanites who have a heck of a time finding a hitting partner with a schedule that matches yours. Hopefully this group will gain enough members so that won't be a problem - Wow! We did it!
ACT NOW! Registration for SPRING SINGLES Ends 4/18/16!! Great Discounts for New and Returning Players!
Registration for FALL SINGLES Ends10/12!!- Great Discounts for New and Returning Players!
3.0-3.5 guy looking for partners!


text:
Zimpapers Digital
The Sunday Mail
H-Metro
B-Metro
Kwayedza
Manicapost
The Southern Times
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Nyami Nyami
Why South Africa should revert to greater protection for some of its industries
15 Jul, 2019 - 15:07	 2019-07-19T00:19:35+00:00 2019-07-15T15:15:51+00:00 0 Views
eBusiness Weekly
David Richard Walwyn
After years of relative silence, debates about the pros and cons of tariffs in international trade have become a regular feature. The renewed interest has been sparked by the actions of US President Donald Trump, the first president since the Great Depression to impose, or threaten to impose, higher tariffs on imported goods.
In March this year, the US imposed tariffs of 25% on Chinese imports worth $250 billion a year. Although the intended extension of the measures to all Chinese goods is presently on hold, the US has threatened similar steps against the European Union.
The debate is important for countries that are struggling to diversify their economies, in South Africa's case to build its capacity in medium and high technology-based industries.
South Africa's manufacturing sector has been significantly affected by trade liberalisation policies dating back to the nineties. At the time, these were widely adopted as a means of stimulating national economies in developed countries that were characterised as being hamstrung by high input costs and stagnant local markets. It was argued that open markets would help create jobs, raise levels of productivity and competitiveness, and ultimately increase economic output.
Our study, has shown that, relative to our peer group and stage of industrial development, South Africa's industrial policy is too focused on supply-side instruments. These include tax allowances for research and development, and direct financial support for human resource development or capital investment.
The study began with two initial propositions:
· that the transition had been overdone; and that
· the country's more traditional manufacturing sectors, such as leather goods and footwear, metal products and clothing, had been slow to respond to the new policy framework.
The study confirms both.
We conclude that the policy changes of the nineties were too extensive and South Africa's industrial policy regime should be rebalanced as a means of growing employment and Gross Domestic Product (GDP). A combined approach of selective tariffs and better marketing to potential beneficiaries could rebuild the important contribution of manufacturing to the economy.
The nineties
In the nineties, South Africa was emerging from a period of heavy protection and isolation. It was partly self-imposed and partly the consequence of international sanctions. The lowering of tariffs was seen as a means to achieve two objectives. First, to raise the international competitiveness of its manufacturing base. And, second, to loosen the stranglehold of upstream industries, including manufacturers of basic chemicals, iron and steel, and paper.
In broad terms, the nineties can be characterised by the shift in the industrial policy regime reliant on market protection, high tariff levels and state procurement (collectively known as demand-side support) to a proliferation of instruments, such as research and development tax incentives and a focus on reducing the input costs of firms (known as supply-side support).
Between 1991 and 2001, average tariff levels fell from 27.5% in 1990 to about 8% in 2006 and 5% in 2016.
Unfortunately, the promises of economic growth and job creation in the manufacturing sector as a consequence of trade liberalisation were not forthcoming. The reform led, instead, to many casualties, with firms in the vulnerable industries contracting and shedding jobs.
Although increasing by 50% from 1994 to 2006, the contribution of manufacturing to GDP has hardly changed since 2007, despite an overall 26% growth in the economy (2007 to 2018). As a result, the proportion that manufacturing contributed to the economy dropped from 21% in 1994 to 13.2% in 2018.
Several segments of the manufacturing sector have weakened considerably. In some cases, they have disappeared almost entirely. Output of the textiles, clothing, leather and footwear sub-sector has declined by 40%. Textile manufacturing has been the worst performer, with its economic output now less than 60% of its 1994 level.
The exception – automobiles
The automobile sector has grown most strongly since 1994. It is the one sub-sector which retained high tariff protection. These can be effective. But tariffs in support of the automobile sector have not been cheap. They came at a considerable cost to the economy, and in this case, also to government. It is estimated that the cost to the Department of Trade and Industry of the Automotive Production and Development Programme has been R5 billion a year.
In terms of the policy focus, the data supported the view that supply-side measures are too dominant and the overall policy mix should be re-balanced to provide more demand-side support. The support can be principally in the form of tariff protection and a revision to the local content specifications for public procurement. This will be done to revitalise South Africa's manufacturing sector in an approach analogous to the automobile sector.
Furthermore, the results of the study have shown that the traditional industries have failed to respond sufficiently to the post-1994 policy shift. They made little use of the new instruments. Policy changes invoke a similar set of responses. Traditional firms have been suspicious of the new instruments and reluctant to engage with them. On the other hand, the more open firms were enthusiastic about new possibilities that such policy changes may reveal.
The use of research and development tax incentives, a key component of the supply-side incentives, has been highly variable. The major beneficiaries have been the high-technology sub-sectors, which have strong absorptive capability, characterised by a willingess to identify and absorb useful external knowledge.
We recommend that more effort should be made to assist the traditional industries in understanding, and hence benefiting from, the new policy environment, rather than allowing them to disappear entirely. A wider re-balancing of innovation policy in favour of stronger demand-side instruments is also recommended. – Reuters
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Jillian Michaels' Feuds Through the Years: From Andy Cohen Clapbacks to Keto Diet Controversy
By Johnni Macke
Jillian Michaels Jewell/Invision/AP/Shutterstock
Drama, drama, drama! Jillian Michaels is not afraid to speak her mind, no matter what the topic, resulting in many feuds with health professionals and celebrities over the years.
The former Biggest Loser star has publicly called out Andy Cohen, Lizzo and Teddi Mellencamp for their differing opinions — and questioned fitness trends and weight loss programs.
"We've not been friendly for years," Michaels exclusively told Us Weekly in January 2019 of her tumultuous relationship with Cohen. "I did his show once and it was a really awful experience," referencing her 2013 interview on Watch What Happens Live With Andy Cohen.
The personal trainer called the Bravo host "extremely rude … condescending and unprofessional" after the pair's rocky first meeting. Cohen, for his part, named Michaels his least favorite guest, claiming she was "mean to my staff."
The pair's feud didn't stop there, fueling the fire for many years to come. After Michaels shared her controversial opinions on the keto diet in January 2019, Cohen fired back at her and her negative thoughts on the health plan.
Al Roker, who lost weight on the keto plan, also clapped back at Michaels after she denounced the diet.
"So @JillianMichaels says #Keto is a bad idea. This from a woman who promoted on camera bullying, deprivation, manipulation and more weekly in the name of weight loss," he tweeted at the time. "Now those sound like bad ideas."
Michaels addressed both Cohen and Roker's comments about her later that month on the "Skimm'd From the Couch" podcast.
"What's so disappointing is that for years I've done the Today show. For years I've done segments with this guy," she said of Roker. "I was always greeted with the 'Kiddo,' right? And the big hug and the 'How's the family?' and, like, I always thought we were homies."
As for Cohen, Michaels noted that he is "just not a nice guy."
Scroll down to relive some of Michaels' most noteworthy feuds over the years.
Listen to Us Weekly's Hot Hollywood as each week the editors of Us break down the hottest entertainment news stories!


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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Swami Rama was a citizen of the world. He was a master of meditation who lectured, wrote books, established numerous teaching centers, and founded a hospital and medical school in the Himalayan foothills. With his unique abilities, he helped change the way science viewed the mind-body relationship, opening the door to the more holistic approach of modern medicine. This book, the fifth in a continuing series, contains the firsthand recollections of six people who, like me, came to Swami Rama as students and disciples, and whose lives were transformed. In these short narratives my fellow seekers write eloquently about their personal relationships and experiences with Swami Rama, generously sharing stories about their lives and aspirations, their struggles and inspirations. Through these memoirs we learn not only how Swami Rama individually guided these students but also how we all can live better lives. We learn that yoga meditation is not just a physical practice or an abstract philosophical tradition but a living, breathing, practical path that influences everything we do.


text:
Intervence může označovat:
ekonomie
 Ekonomická intervence – zásah či zákrok ekonomické autority ve prospěch cílů, které preferuje v makroekonomickém měřítku
 Měnová intervence
 Relativní finanční intervence – zásah do finanční ekonomiky nadnárodních firem

sociologie
 Krizová intervence – služba pro pomoc sociálně slabým

medicína
 Terapeutický zákrok - například Psychoterapeutická intervence, Intervenční radiologie, Perkutánní koronární intervence

vojenství a mezinárodní bezpečnost
 Vojenská intervence – násilné vměšování jednoho státu do vnitřních záležitostí jiného státu
 Diplomatická intervence

právo
 Hlavní intervence – třetí osoba podá žalobu proti dosavadním stranám sporu
 Vedlejší intervence – třetí osoba vstoupí do již zahájeného soudního řízení jako tzv. vedlejší účastník

umění
 Výtvarná intervence – začlenění výtvarného díla do veřejného prostoru
 Umělecká intervence – aktivní tvůrčí vstup jiného autora (autorů), který reaguje na aktuální výstavu nebo vybrané dílo

historie
 Francouzská intervence v Mexiku
 Vojenská intervence v Jemenu
 Vojenská intervence v Libyi
 Ruská vojenská intervence na Ukrajině (2014–současnost)
 Ruská vojenská intervence v Sýrii
 Sibiřská intervence – vojenská intervence USA, Japonců, Francouzů a Britů na konci první světové války v Rusku

epizoda televizního seriálu
 Intervence (Hvězdná brána: Hluboký vesmír)

Související články
 Intervencionismus

Externí odkazy

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
West African regional leaders impose new sanctions on Mali
ACCRA, Ghana (AP) — West African regional leaders imposed new sanctions Sunday on Mali, suspending most commerce and financial aid to the country after its military rulers said they would stay in power for four more years instead of holding elections next month as promised.
The sanctions mark the steepest consequences for Mali to date, and include land and air border closures with other countries belonging to the regional bloc known as ECOWAS, according to a statement released after a day-long meeting in Ghana's capital.
ACCRA, Ghana (AP) — West African regional leaders signaled Sunday that they will oppose an effort by Mali's coup leader to extend his time in power by four more years instead of holding a democratic election next month as originally promised.
The regional bloc known as ECOWAS had called for a special meeting in Ghana's capital after Malian authorities released a timetable a week ago that pushed back the presidential vote until 2026. The junta led by Col. Assimi Goita initially had agreed to hold a new election in late February, 18 months after it first seized power.
It wasn't immediately known whether the West African leaders gathering in Ghana's capital would further toughen existing sanctions against Mali's coup leadership. The bloc already has put in place travel bans and a freeze on financial assets of all members of the transitional authority and their families.
In his remarks Sunday, Burkina Faso's president said the proposed extension of the junta's time in power "is of concern to the entire West African region."
"As much as we are aware of the complexity of the situation in this country, we are also convinced that all the political, economic and social reforms aimed at rebuilding Mali can only be carried out by democratically elected authorities," said Burkinabe President Roch Marc Christian Kabore, who is also the current chairman of the West African Economic and Monetary Union.
After overthrowing Mali's democratically elected president, coup leader Goita had promised to swiftly return the country to democratic rule. Doubts deepened about his intentions, though, after he effectively launched a second coup nine months later, forcing out the chosen transitional civilian leaders and becoming president himself.
Mali's junta maintains that elections can't be held because of deepening insecurity across the country, where Islamic extremists have been fighting a decade-long insurgency. They also say it's essential to draft a new constitution and put it before voters in a referendum, a lengthy endeavor that would pave the way for new local and legislative elections before any presidential vote.
They initially proposed a five-year extension, but West African leaders said a new document sent Friday revises that to four years total.
The French military, which helped push the militants from power in northern Mali in 2013, is now in the process of drawing down its troop presence in Mali. Many fear their departure will only deepen the crisis despite the presence of U.N. peacekeepers and regional forces bolstering Malian troops' efforts.
Critics of the junta fear that the political turmoil will further undermine the Malian military's response to Islamic extremist attacks at a time when they will increasingly be bearing the responsibility for fighting militants.
Krista Larson reported from Dakar, Senegal.
Francis Kokutse And Krista Larson, The Associated Press
What a B.C. court ruling could mean for Halifax park evictions
A British Columbia judge has overturned orders evicting people living at a homeless encampment in downtown Vancouver park, a decision law experts and advocates say could carry precedent and lessons for Halifax. In a ruling delivered last week at the Supreme Court of British Columbia, Justice Matthew Kirchner concluded the Vancouver Park Board was not justified in issuing the eviction orders on July 8 and Sept. 7 of last year. The judge's reasons included the board's lack of notice to park reside
Hochul budget would boost school aid, offer tax relief
ALBANY, N.Y. (AP) — New York would boost state school aid, provide sweeping property tax relief and deliver bonuses to health care workers over the next year if lawmakers pass a $216.3 billion budget outlined by Gov. Kathy Hochul on Tuesday. Top legislative leaders are expected to keep negotiating with Hochul to finalize the budget, which must be in place by April 1. The final budget often largely resembles a governor's budget proposal, with some tweaks sought by lawmakers. SPENDING INCREASES Ho
Accessibility of Pfizer pill in Canada raises ethical questions
Recently approved antiviral pill 'paxlovid' has been dubbed a game-changer. Despite this, concerns persist about the accessibility of the pill and who should be getting it first. Bioethicist Kerry Bowman shares insight on the issue
Gyms to gradually reopen in B.C., but indoor organized gatherings still banned: province
Gyms and fitness centres across B.C. will be allowed to start gradually reopening as of Jan. 20, the province announced Tuesday in an update on public health restrictions. Other previous restrictions, including the ban on indoor organized gatherings like wedding and funeral receptions, are being extended until Feb. 16. Bars, nightclubs and lounges must remain closed and capacity limits of 50 per cent are still in place for theatres and stadiums. Provincial Health Officer Dr. Bonnie Henry said sh
Ontario's winter storm cleanup expected to take all week
Ontarians have no choice but to dig out from a severe winter storm. But it's not just the snow making news. Jeff Semple explains why an Ottawa boy named Clayton McGuire is being hailed a hero, and how Ontario Premier Doug Ford's storm response is prompting mixing reviews.
On MLK Day, King III implores Senate to act on voting rights
ATLANTA (AP) — A day before the U.S. Senate was expected to take up critical legislation on voting rights that is looking likely to fail, Martin Luther King, Jr.'s eldest son condemned federal lawmakers over their inaction. Speaking in Washington, D.C. on Monday, Martin Luther King III said though he was marking the federal holiday named for his father, he wasn't there to celebrate. He was there to call on Congress and President Joe Biden to pass the sweeping legislation that would help ease Rep
No downside to getting first COVID-19 shot now, doctor says
People may reconsider their reasons for not getting vaccinated against COVID-19 after the emergence of the Omicron coronavirus variant, says infectious diseases physician Dr. Lisa Barrett.
Cosmonauts conduct spacewalk at ISS
Cosmonauts outfit the Nauka Multipurpose Laboratory Module during a spacewalk at the International Space Station. (Jan. 19)
Expectations high as rejuvenated Whitecaps kick off pre-season training
VANCOUVER — After tasting the playoffs last season, the Vancouver Whitecaps are hungrier than ever. The club finished the 2021 Major League Soccer campaign with a 12-9-13 record, good for sixth in the West, and played its first post-season game in four years. Vancouver lost the first-round matchup 3-1 to Sporting Kansas City, and the experience is fuelling the 'Caps as they begin training for the 2022 season this week. "We wanted more. We were happy we made the playoffs but we expected more from
School in B.C.'s Interior closes after teachers refuse to work due to high number of unmasked students
An elementary school in the city of Armstrong, in B.C.'s Interior, will remain closed this week as teachers refuse to work due to a high number of students not wearing masks amid a surge of COVID-19 cases. The closure started Friday after several teachers at Armstrong Elementary expressed concern about a high number of mask exemptions being granted to students, resulting in what they worry is an unsafe work environment, said North Okanagan-Shuswap Teachers Association president Graham Gomme. Gom
Tories urged to reconsider compromise on documents about fired scientists
OTTAWA — Government House leader Mark Holland is urging the Conservatives to reconsider their rejection of a compromise proposal that would allow MPs to finally see unredacted documents related to the firing of two scientists at Canada's highest security laboratory. In a letter to his Conservative counterpart, Gerard Deltell, Holland repeats his proposal to allow a special all-party, security-cleared committee to review all the documents, aided by three former senior judges who would decide whet


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Katinong est un village du Sénégal situé en Basse-Casamance. Il fait partie de la communauté rurale de Suelle, dans l'arrondissement de Sindian, le département de Bignona et la région de Ziguinchor.

Lors du dernier recensement (2002), la localité comptait 677 habitants et 94 ménages.

Histoire
En milieu Diola, l'histoire se raconte de fils en fils. Elle est orale.

Assémé est un des fondateurs du Village de Katinong. Il s'est distingué par le choix du site devant abriter le village, car chasseur, il observa longtemps pour en fin tomber sur Sireune, zone où en saison des pluies, on observe à l'œil nu de multiples pores (sirobomrobom en Diola) sortant de terre comme des bulles d'air d'où jaillissait de l'eau clair comme l'eau de roche.

Ainsi il se dit que le village qu'il fondera sur ce site sera prospère. Nous petits-fils de Assémé avons trouvé un village luxuriant et prospère. De Sireune à Aguilaye en passant par Teumboul, Diayoss, Dianiack, Liwane et Eboula (sortie de Djibabancone), de Alouss, Kadioutouwa, Foodj à Aloyor, la culture du riz y donnait un rendement jamais égalé sur une parcelle de terre.

La zone poissonneuse était réservée au Foumpeullafu, la paille pour couvrir les toits des cases du village de Katinong au Boulouf poussait abondamment dans Koubolock, endroit où un rite annuel était organisé pour faire tomber la pluie obligatoirement le jour même et pour la suite de la saison des pluies. Assémé dirigeait lui-même en personne ce rite.

Chefferie à Katinong

En contact avec la colonisation, puis l'administration sénégalaise, Bindjoumé Coly fut nommé premier chef de village. À sa mort, sa succession a été assurée par Afourou Coly, qui rendit populaire ce village par son intelligence, sa clairvoyance et son sens pointu de management.

Viendront comme chefs de village Abourou Coly, puis Famaranding. Ansou Diedhiou fut intronisé en 1996. Le management de ce dernier fut contesté par une partie des villageois en .

Témoignage sur Allo, fils d'un chef du village« Allo », le fils du pacifique FEU chef de village Abourou, a tiré sa révérence ce Samedi 3 mai et est inhumé le lendemain dimanche 4 mai 2020.

"""Monsieur ELHADJI COLY, Professeur d'Histoire et Géographie à Kolda, tient à lui rendre un vibrant Hommage à travers ces mots""".

Diayonkol ou fouyonkol, cette tige de mil restante, après qu'on ait enlevé l'épi consommable, voilà ce qu'est cet objet représentant une personne qui s'appelle Kémo Coly.
Cet homme Kémo Coly ou Kémo Diayonkol, ou encore Kémo « Allô » nous a quitté en silence. Un silence qui illustre son temps de la maladie qui l'a fragilisé depuis belle lurette. Kémo Diayonkol est parti en ce mois béni de ramadan joindre l'au-delà. De par sa dimension et son sens de l'humour, son rappel à Dieu ne peut être loin d'un silence s'il y avait silence autour d'un mort. « Allô » est mort, « Allô » est parti, mais « Allô » est encore là ; car la bonté de l'homme « Allo », fait que toute la planète communique par cette expression « Allô ».
Petit de taille mais grand de par son peuple, le village de Katinong dans le département de Bignona, a bien son « Allô ».
Bien-sûr un « Allô », oui un « Allô » qui a vécu en communion avec son peuple et jusque loin de sa terre natale. Souvenirs oui, ils sont nombreux ses faits et gestes rigolos qui faisaient enthousiasme partout.
Souvenirs oui en 1989 à l'occasion d'une cérémonie culturelle d'allamane, que les sages et autres initiés du village imposaient aux non-initiés (kambathie). «Àllô » de par ses gestes, ses paroles avec des mots doux, plongeaient toute l'assistance dans un concert de rire commun. Au milieu de la foule et du cercle de danse, « Allô » a séduit tout un monde en voulant faire quelques pas de danse (kathing thing).

Souvenirs oui, en 2004, Katinong ce beau village aux fromagers géants, tient son bukut (la grande initiation). Un moment fort culturellement qui illustra Kémo Diayonkol dans ses œuvres et ses hautes responsabilités. Une chanson fétiche lui a été attribuée par les sages pour montrer le poids de la responsabilité qui pesaient sur ses épaules de par son Dioungou (nom du son bois sacré) pour donner le ton à tout Katinong. A cette année de bukut,

Souvenirs oui, Bacotch et ses quartiers voisins rendaient visite au quartier de Lingtane de Afourou Coly, le talentueux prédécesseur chef de village de Abourou, père de « Allo ». Les trois quartier d'Orient venaient déposer un futur initier du nom de Tébognaa, leur Assumpul dans les bras de ses paires de Lingtane. Comme un jeune garçon sur les épaules de Karim Diedhiou, « Allô »''' en plein air, maniait son couteau long et blanc dans une symphonie de chants, de coups de fusil, y compris des pas de danse dans un décor et ambiance indescriptible.

Des pages et des pages finiront certes mais pas les faits et gestes de cet homme qui vient de nous quitter.

Des quatre coins du village ceinturé par des ancêtres comme Arrimbossy, Djilinssary, Diatimbeu, et tant d'autres, « Allô » est inhumé en terre natale. Hommage mérité à un inconditionnel de la vie sociale, un ami à tous sans distinction d'âge, de sexe et de religion. Adieu « Allô », que la paradis soit ta dernière demeure, nos prières t'accompagnent et le peuple de Katinong te dit grand merci.

Jumelage Katinong-Richebourg

En 2006, le village de Baïla propose à leurs partenaires venant de France de visiter les villages voisins.

Bernadette Courty de la Mairie de Richebourg conduite par Samcidine Coly, prendra ainsi contact avec les villageois.

Monsieur Kadialy, Soulalou,  Kady Badji, Soupailly Diémé, Maï Badji ainsi que le chef du village Ansou ont mobilisé tous les habitants pour accueillir les hôtes. À cette occasion, ont été visités l''école, le dispensaire et le verger du village.

Un projet de jumelage et de partenariat germa et se concrétisa en  pour un petit projet de lutte contre la pauvreté et la sous-alimentation.

Aujourd'hui en 2017, la finition de la construction de la maternité du village a été réalisée grâce au soutien de Bernadette et de ses amis. L'inauguration a eu lieu le jeudi  en présence du Maire de la commune rurale de Suelle ainsi que plusieurs élus locaux et la population.

Les populations qui jadis devaient se rendre à 4 km pour un simple pansement ont trouvé des réponses. Il y a une matrone au nom de Soupaye, les attentes sont encore là pour l'équipement et permettre aux femmes de faire leur accouchement dans Katinong, leur localité.

Personnalités
 Yaya Coly, enseignant, ancien ambassadeur du Sénégal aux Comores, né à Katinong en 1932

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Liens externes
 Plan local d'hydraulique et d'assainissement (PLHA) : Communauté rurale de Suelle (PEPAM, )
 Répertoire des villages officiels du Sénégal (PNDL)

Village dans la région de Ziguinchor


Eliphalet Haskell was b. 3 Jun 1753 in Gloucester, Essex County, Massachusetts, d. 7 Nov 1833 in New Gloucester, Cumberland County, Maine. Eliphalet is my 4th great-grandfather.
Transcription: ELIPHALET HASKELL/DIED/Nov. 7, 1833/AEt. 80.
Ancestral Chart No. 16, continuing Merrill Haskell's direct family line, compiled by Grace Ware (Holbrook) Haskell's. Chart 16 continues from Chart 1 with Eliphalet Haskell back to William Haskell who was born circa 1617 in Charlton-Musgrove, Somerset, England. It appears that William and his older brother Roger, younger brother Mark, and younger sister Joan sailed for American circa 1635. They landed at Salem in Massachusetts and settled in Cape Ann (Beverly and Gloucester).
After receiving his BS degree, Merrill Haskell continued on and received his Master of Commercial Science Degree at the Amos Tuck School of Administration and Finance (at Dartmouth College) on 21 April 1916. Here is an image of his diploma.
The first afternoon Dr. Grace Burnett examined the girls who had not brought certificates. Later, a few went in swimming, the rest watching and waiting, to see the effects; some were not allowed to swim, but others were sceptical [sic] owing to reports of the "dangerous pond." A twenty-five-foot portion being roped off to prevent the possibility of going out over one's depth, and someone of responsibility always being on hand at the swimming hour proved enough, and soon all those who could, were longing to learn to swim and never missed a day.
The first day acquaintance was not easy, for many of the girls never having been out of their homes were naturally shy with so many strangers about. Their first night's experience at sleeping out caused them to be up or at least wide awake at dawn. each proceeding night their sleep improved till in three or four days they slept soundly till the rising bell sounded at six o'clock.
First of all with bloomers over their nightgowns, they had calesthenics [sic] in the barn with Helen Bradley. Each day a certain number were portioned to a duty, & four girls set the tables for the day, and helped the cook with the food preparation.
Breakfasts were of cereal, fruit sometimes, and eggs, also cocoa and bread. Inspection at nine oclock of all the tents meant that everything should be neat - no str**gs etc on the ground, bags and shoes under the beds, and all else out of sight with the exception of a small piece of oilcloth on which were laid each each person had on her bed with her toothbrush and comb and brush.
Charlotte B. Haskell was b. 5 July 1819, New Gloucester, Cumberland County, Maine, daughter of my great-great-great-grandparents, Amos and Sarah "Sally" (Johnson) Haskell. She made this cross stitch sampler circa 1830, when she was 11 years old. The original sampler is now at my Dad's house and is in excellent condition.
Alfred Haskell died August 29th A.D. 1816 Aged 3 yea.
Wrought by Charlotte B.Haskell Aged 11 years. 1830.
as the first efforts of an infants hand.
Prepare her tender heart to feel thy love.
And write thy name thyself upon her heart.
To share the sweets of blest redeeming love.
My grandmother's (Grace Ware (Holbrook) Haskell) genealogy research includes several binders of notes, ancestral charts and other family history information. Here is one of her ancestral charts documenting five generations starting with my grandfather. I am in the process of documenting the data that she gathered and providing sources for her research. The numbers on the far right of the page correspond with the next chart in the series going back in time.
Merrill Haskell graduated from Dartmouth College with a Baccalaureate of Science Degree in 1915. My Dad recently found a copy of his diploma while cleaning out some old files at home.
Now this is backpacking in style! That would be me being carried on my Dad's pack frame. We did a lot of hiking when I was growing up. Not sure I enjoyed every trip, but I certainly learned to enjoy it as I got older. I remember many trips to Evans Notch and Grafton Notch in the White Mountains and trips to Baxter State Park in Maine. The hiking gene seems to be missing in my teenage son, but hopefully he finds it again as he gets older.
While in high school, my Dad and I took an annual summer trip to Baxter State Park to hike and fish. We spent time at Wassataquoik Stream, Russell Pond and Wassataquoik Lake. In 2007 my wife, son and I hiked the 7 miles in to Russell Pond from Roaring Brook Campground and had a great time. Here are some of my favorite photos of that trip.
My grandmother, Grace Ware (Holbrook) Haskell kept a book of dates from 1926 to 1945. Her entries were quite regular at times and sporadic at other times. I plan on posting her entries as a regular part of my blog. Some of the handwritten entries are very hard to decipher, but I will do my best.
At the start of 1926, a year before she married my grandfather, Merrill Haskell, it appears that Grace was in France and Italy.
The house we occupied as headquarters stands up from the water's edge in an open space about two hundred feet, overlooking all the pond. Beyond the house is the barn a fairly large one with good upper loft. Below the barn is the little clapboarded house we used as kitchen, and in front of this we pitched our fly as shelter for the dining tables. Across the open space about one hundred feet from the kitchen we pitched the tents in which we all slept with the exception of our camp cook and camp advisor who slept on the porch of the house.
The sixteenth of July then a number of us motored to the top of Ames Hill loaded with every possible article imaginable in the way of food, bedding, tents, clothing, etc.
Helen Bradley, Mr. Daudelin and myself were of the first to settle down, then with the help of Mr. Dorr Bradley and his daughters, and Mr. Cook we put up tents and began to put up tents.
On the eighteenth we all congregated: - Mr. Bradley drove some girls in his car, then Mr. Cook and I also filled our cars with all kinds of things and took more girls, mostly from Vernon. At the same time Mr. Moffitt and Sarah and Helen Bradley went to West Halifax to bring that group of girls to camp.
In all there are seventeen girls received that day, and we lunched on sandwiches and milk prepared for us by Miss Sutherland - camp cook - and Miss Lesley.
My grandfather, Merrill Haskell was b 6 Feb 1892 in Portland, Cumberland County, Maine. In this photo with his mother, Clarissa Hollingsworth (Merrill) Haskell, he is 8 months old.


우리는 중국에서 파우더 코팅 유로 울타리 제조 업체 및 공급 업체 / 공장 전문화되어 있습니다. 파우더 코팅 유로 울타리 중 하나 인 Anping Enzar Metal Products Co.,Ltd. 중국 유명 브랜드 중 하나 인 저렴한 가격 / 저렴한 가격으로 고품질의 파우더 코팅 유로 울타리 도매업.
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text:
Q: If the range of $y = f(x)$ is $-1\leq y\leq 2$, what is the range of $y = 1/f(x)$ If the range of $y = f(x)$ is $-1\leq y\leq 2$, what is the range of $y = 1/f(x)$
Could someone explain why is it not $-1\leq y\leq 1/2$?

A: When you take the reciprocal of the sides of this inequality, you need to flip the inequality signs. Because $y = \frac{1}{f(x)}$ is undefined when $f(x) = 0$ and $y$ is not monotonic over it's entire domain, let's seperate the inequality into two inequalities as following:
\begin{align}
\tag{1}
0 > f(x)\geq -1
\newline
\tag{2}
0 < f(x) \leq 2
\end{align}
Then, from $(1)$ and $(2)$, you get:
\begin{align}
\tag{3}
\frac{1}{f(x)}\leq-1
\newline
\tag{4}
\frac{1}{f(x)}\geq \frac{1}{2}
\end{align}
We can say that the range of $y = \frac{1}{f(x)}$ is $(-\infty,-1] \cup [\frac{1}{2},\infty)$
Note: A way you can intuitively see this is for $-1\leq f(x)<0$, as $f(x)$ get closer to zero, the value of $\frac{1}{f(x)}$ gets bigger, starting from $-1$. You can use a similar method to see for $0<f(x)\leq 2$, this time the value of $\frac{1}{f(x)}$ will get closer to $1/2$ when the value of $f(x)$ gets closer to $2$, and the value of $\frac{1}{f(x)}$ will approach $\infty$ while $f(x)$ approaches $0$.

A: *

*
Using $f(x)=x$ (the red line) as an example, notice that  its
reciprocal (the blue curve) has a greater absolute value than itself
on $(-1,1).$
Also, notice that its reciprocal gets infinitely large on the right
side of $0$ and infinitely small on the left side of $0.$
This shows why the reciprocal of a function with range $[-1,2]$
cannot possibly lie within $[-1,\frac12].$

*In general, when applying a decreasing function to an inequality and flipping its inequality signs, the new inequality is equivalent to the original one.
Notice that $\displaystyle\frac1x$ is a decreasing function if and only if its domain lies on either side of the $y$-axis. So, the inequality $$a\leq f(x)\leq b$$ is equivalent to $$\frac1a\geq \frac1{f(x)}\geq \frac1b$$ if and only only $a$ and $b$ have the same sign.

A: Your question is equivalent to finding the range of $g(x)=\frac{1}{x}$ over the domain [-1,2]. Notice that the function is not defined at $x=0$ so we instead find its domain over $[-1,0)\cup(0,2]$.
Now, the $g(x)$ is strictly decreasing over the intervals $(-\infty,0)$ and $(0,\infty)$ which means that

*

*for any $a,b\in (-\infty,0)$  where $a<b$, $g(a)>g(b)$

*for any $c,d\in (0,\infty)$  where $c<d$, $g(c)>g(d)$
You can see this by either plotting $g(x)=1/x$ , or by differentiating to find $g'(x)=\frac{-1}{x^2}<0$ for all $x\in \mathbb{R}≠0$
So for $$0<x≤2$$
$$g(0)>g(x)≥g(2)$$
Αs stated before, $g(0)$ is not defined, but what you can do is see that $$\lim_{x\rightarrow0^+}\left(\frac{1}{x}\right)=+\infty$$
so , roughly speaking, $$+\infty>g(x)≥\frac{1}{2} $$
$$\Rightarrow \text{range of g over }(0,2]=\left[\frac{1}{2},\infty \right)$$
Similarly,for $$-1≤x<0$$
$$g(-1)≥g(x)>g(0)$$
and again,$$\lim_{x\rightarrow0^-}\left(\frac{1}{x}\right)=-\infty$$
so , roughly speaking, $$-1≥g(x)>-\infty $$
$$\Rightarrow \text{range of g over }[-1,0)=\left(-\infty,-1\right]$$
Note: The reason we had to divide the domain into 2 parts was to ensure that the upper and lower bounds lay in a domain in which the function was strictly decreasing.
You can use this strategy to solve many inequalities in general. For example, since $\ln(x)$ and $e^x$ are monotically increasing over their entire domains, you can take natural logs/exponentials of both sides while preserving the inequality. Similarly, if sides of the inequality are both positive or  both negative, you can square with both while preserving the inequality, as $x^2$ is strictly increasing over $(-\infty,0]$ and $[0,\infty)$.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


I like all of the Junie B. Jones books!
Bones and Gobie. Gobie is a goblin. Bones is a Beanie Baby. Gobie is my favorite and Bones is my brother's favorite ( Tom ).
His name is Platypus and he is a platypus but his short name is Platy! I got him in a happy meal and I've had him for a long time.
His name is Grape and he is a goblin just like my others and I've had him a long time and he is my favorite and he has green hair and his hair is named Slime and another goblin has hair named Slime too. His name is Grape and we had that name at the beginning of the sentence .
His name is batty. My brother made him and he has a black pin for him and I made it and the person who made it is me and my name is Laura and there is a black bat and his name is Radar.
His name is Sun. He's a goblin like the others I told you about. I've had him since Halloween, 1996. I love him a lot.


text:
Government trying to avoid complete shutdown of South Coast
Loop News Created : 10 August 2018 Barbados News
Minister of Energy and Water Resources, Wilfred Abrahams
The issues plaguing the South Coast Sewage Plant continues to give government headaches and they are hoping that the entire stretch of Highway does not need to be excavated in order to fix.
Minister of Energy and Water Resources, Wilfred Abrams, along with the General Manager of the Barbados Water Authority (BWA), Keith Halliday, held a press conference today to provide updates on the state of both the Bridgetown and South Coast Sewage Treatment Plant.
Abrams said while the Bridgetown Plant will soon be "under control", the South Coast fix was proving more diffiuclt.
The six injection wells which were ordered to be constructed under the previous administration, at a cost of $3.7 million were revealed by the Minister to be nothing more than just a temporary fix and are functioning as disposal wells to hold sewage.
"We do not have injection wells at the South Coast Sewage Plant, we are unable to determine how deep the wells are and this is something that is causing us great concern," Abrams told reporters.
He said the team is about to start construction of a eight inch outfall off Graeme Hall, estimated at just over $2 million, and will address the levels of affluent running into the Swamp.
He also revealed another issue is the discovery a breach in two lines in the network, the inflow line and the force main, as showed in dye tests, which means there is no outlet for the waste to get out. He said they are close to identifying where the breaches are and the goal is to correct it internally.
Abrams said if this internal fix is impractical and the line needs to be replaced the BWA will need to dig up the road on Highway 7 from Graeme Hall to the traffic lights on Rendezvous- an exercise which will involve all utility and emergency services.
He said this will only be a last resort.
"The road would have to be blocked and at some time we would have to restrict access entirely to that area because of how dangerous it is to do it. Digging up that road is the last option for us because to dig and fix that will take months."
"If there is a chance that we can fix it without digging up the road that is what we intend to do, if we however we reach a point that the breach is too big to be sealed from the inside then that is what we will do. But we are not going about it willy-nilly."
He added the Ministry will provide an update in a week in regards to the whether the fix to the sewer line can be done internally or if another option will be taken.
South Coast Sewage Plant
Bridgetown Sewage Treatment Plant
Traffic disrupted as BWA probes sewage issue
South Coast sewage issue deemed a national crisis
South coast beach being closed for weeks
Former NBA alum Caron Butler to join Digicel NBA Jumpstart Elite Camp
FaceApp: Myths, risks in app that gives you peek into older self


1892; see homosexual + -ity.
Homosexuality, in Greek life, 85;practice of Rosicrucians, 84.
Homosexuality is a romantic cult rather than a physical vice.
Homosexuality was, of course, known before they came, but they made it honorable.
Homosexuality of all kinds flourished, it will be seen, notwithstanding the fearless yet fair application of a very severe law.
Homosexuality in English schools has already been briefly referred to in chapter iii.


JCA Engineering has secured a five-year maintenance contract with Chelsea and Westminster Hospital NHS Foundation Trust.
The contract, which was awarded following a competitive tender, will see JCA Engineering providing M&E maintenance across the estate encompassing the main site at Fulham Road, as well as several smaller clinics.
Service provision at the site includes planned preventive, reactive and building maintenance, external areas maintenance, energy and utility maintenance, fire safety systems and procedures, the estate's emergency and contingency planning, and statutory testing.
JCA Engineering has previously delivered several projects for the hospital, the most recent being the design and construction of an HVAC infrastructure upgrade to cater for a new NICU and ICU expansion project.
JCA Engineering will work together with Chelsea and Westminster Hospital NHS Foundation Trust to enhance the user experience and deliver service that goes beyond performance expectations. The contract delivery will be built around achieving excellence in customer service and ensuring the safety of staff, patients and visitors.
Previous: The latest in modern facilities management – CAFM Explorer 10 is here!


:? Hi I am new to making jewellery and new to this forum. I wondered if anyone could help me.
I have seen some beads on a website which somebody has used and I don't know what type of beads they are. They are donut in shape and allow you to string them with a bead in the middle of the hole. Also, do you know where I could purchase these?
I am in the process of making enough jewellery for my website and hope to launch it soon.
PS I'm looking forward to speaking with you all in the future.
I have found some which are called "washer beads". Not sure if the holes will be in the right place, but hey-ho. I'm sure I can use them anyway.
I have turned into a bead-maniac!
I think you may mean hematite donut beads. They have two holes which allow threading of a bead in the middle. I had some a little while ago and ordered some again last week. I'll send you a picture.