I broke the 100 followers mark this weekend! What in the world? Let me say, we all know "it's not about the numbers" and all that, but come on....it's a little bit about the numbers. All that I mean by that is, it's much more exciting to be doing this whole blogging thing when you know there are people actually reading the things that you're posting. But much more than it being about the quantity of followers, it's about the quality. And you guys have been making me a very happy girl with all your sweet and thoughtful comments lately.
So in addition to that just really making me happy, we had a pretty great weekend. Arsen decided to take the day off on Friday, and I worked from home until one. We decided we wanted to try something new, go somewhere we'd never been before...just shake things up a bit. So we went to Mckinney, another suburb really close to here that we've heard quite a bit about. We went to their downtown area, which is super cute. It has a lot of old buildings that have been revamped and turned into restaurants, bars, and shops. And there were a ton of antique shops, which I love. Sounds like a pretty crazy adventure, right?
We had lunch/dinner at a little Italian restaurant called Sauce. I'm still doing my cleanse/healthier eating thing, so it made it a bit of a challenge. Needless to say, I failed on that meal. We split a pizza, and it was pretty amazing. I also had a strawberry basil mojito and it was yum. After eating we did a little walking around town and stopped in a couple of antique stores. I lovelovelove all the little treasures you can find in antique stores and could spend hours looking around. Arsen was not quite as impressed, shockingly enough. I also discovered it was his first time ever in an antique store, which just blew my mind.
After that I decided that we should have a good old fashioned movie night. We went to rent a few movies at an actual video store, not a Redbox or On Demand, popped some popcorn, and cuddled up for a couple of movies. We watched Friends With Kids, which was eh, and 21 Jump Street, which was surprisingly hilarious. Pretty great evening I must say.
Saturday we randomly decided to have some people over. Our friends Amelia and David (the newly engaged couple), and Joel and Mitch (roommmates, not a couple) came over for a fun night in. Arsen grilled some short ribs and fajita meat that he gets at a local Mexican grocery store and it was delicious. We (everyone else) watched the Rangers game, then a bit of the Olympics, then things got really wild...we played a bit of Catch Phrase. If you've never played the game, it is so much fun. I am not competitive in the least, but I do get just a teeny tiny bit into this game. We ended up playing for a couple of hours...until David decided Wii Zumba was a good idea. No one else was into it, but he had a great time for about three minutes. And I'm not sure I've ever laughed that hard. Everyone sat around awkwardly watching him...it was absolutely hilarious.
Today was pretty low key. Lunch at Chuy's (best Mexican food ever), went to the gym (to combat the Mexican food), went to visit Arsen's parents, and now....now we are watching yet another movie. Addie is curled up in my lap, I'm showered and ready for bed...it's just after 9 pm and I've got this entire day wrapped up. So now I'm going to cuddle up with my hubby and my pup and finish this movie, and head to bed nice and early. Goodnight friends!
I love your site! I like all the pictures, Cute!
I keep saying we are going to go to different towns and walk around to explore. The problem is that I always get the urge to explore when it's 100 degrees outside! HA!
Congrats on the hundred love!! You deserve every single one. You and Arsen seriously should be in the running for most attractive couple ever. And catch phrase is such a winner, that game cracks me up!
congrats! you're so sweet. and we love antiquing! we make sure to stop in a few whenever were in new/different towns. did y'all find anything? :) and I'd love to have a Mexican meat market nearby... being in South Texas you'd think there'd be one.
So glad for you hitting 100. I still have a ways to go but am working on it daily. New follower from the Southern Bloggers list. I'm in Tennessee. Julie @ http://icreatpurtythangs.blogspot.com.
ahh congrats on hitting 100! Im only 8 away, Im hoping it will happen soon! haha Im a new follower, cant wait to read more!
yay congrats! and y'all are so cute...i must also agree with you in that chuys really is the best!! i lived in dallas for a couple years about 7 years ago lol. it was a lot of fun!
oh my god, you have the most beautiful teeth i have ever seen!!!


text:
Meet and emerging name and figure within the digital realm, Kode Abdo popularly known as Bosslogic
Bosslogic excels as an talented digital artist and is taking giant strides with his own brand and studio "Lineage Studios"
When we talk about the Digital world, it has been one sector which has been growing immensely across the globe. In today's era no business can work efficiently in the absence of Digital platforms, in which the digital art is creating lot of buzz and the artist just excel tremendously. Digital art seems fascinating to the hears but the skills it needs is beyond our imagination. Meet the most promising future name of Digital art who has enthrall with his artistic skills across Australia and now exploring globally – Kode Abdo popularly known as Bosslogic (@bosslogic). This artist has come across a long journey which is truly inspirational.
The pro knowledge and skills he has built in himself has made him the master of digital art. Each of his designs are unique and enhances an art which narrates a story in each piece of art. With his stellar work and results, Bosslogic has swiftly become one of the most demanded persons of entertainment industry. He is well-known for his work and that is the reason his massive clients only do his mouth publicity. Here Kode Abdo sets a perfect example of a proverb, 'One must master their skills efficiently, the success will knock his door incredibly.' There are several digital artists but Bosslogic has made his own unique place in the huge entertainment industry with the long list of renowned clients.
At the tender age, Bosslogic started his career with a drawing which gradually build his skills as a digital artist. He did the right implementation of digital tool and graphics in the industry which includes movies, comics, video game and many more. He keeps on upgrading himself with all the current trends and work accordingly with his pro-skills. He has even created a poster of a film like Avengers, superhero inspired mashups using Abode photoshop, End Game and Aladdin and just recently did The Batman. His skills of digital art are creating miracle in each of his projects, which leads him to the big opportunity to personally contacted by famous name - Dwayne "The Rock" Johnson for his upcoming 2022 adventure/fantasy film called Black Adam. His collaboration with the popular director, the Russo Brothers of the Marvel as amazed the industry and Australia people the success and name he has gained in short span of time is seen in his achievements.
His success tags don't end here, recently he is approached by Jake Gyllenhaal for creating a poster for Sea Wall/A Life. He also runs his own brand and studio Lineage Studios in New York, US.
entertrainmentmoviesbatman

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


You may have seen the national media coverage of the flooding in North Dakota and Minnesota. Some of us here at NewGeography.com live right in the middle of it. I parked my car this morning at the base of an earthen dike holding back the Red Red River in Grand Forks, ND. Here in Grand Forks we were wiped out by a similar flood and fire in 1997. We evacuated more than 50,000 people at that time and virtually every property in the area was affected.
Since 1997, hundreds of homes have been bought out and $400 million was spent on a dike and diversion protection system creating 2,200 acres of green space and more than 20 miles of trails in our little urbanized area of about 70,000.
This has created a strange feeling - feeling a little useless sitting back and watching the herculean efforts in Fargo while we assemble pieces in the invisible flood wall and listen to officials reassure the public. Many from this area have boarded buses to head down to the Fargo area and help out. Meanwhile, you won't find a drain plug or generator at a store in town.
In the western part of the state, Bismarck's situation was alleviated by taking explosives to an ice dam on the Missouri River.
In western North Dakota, parts of small towns including Linton, Hazen, Zap, and Mott have had problems with overland floods.
The most concern now is the rising Red River, making up the North Dakota and Minnesota Border. Thousands of volunteers from around the area have converged on Fargo to help, but the situation is now getting serious. Sandbagging takes a lot of effort and sandbag dikes are subject to failure.
Right now the cities of Fargo and Moorhead are holding strong, but the rural surrounding areas are in trouble.
And, here's the direct link to the Fargo river guage, updated about every hour. Fargo successfully defended against a flood just under 40 feet in 1997. 41 feet would be a new record, and the region is scrambling to get the protection systems up to 43 feet.
The problem is -- it just keeps on snowing and raining and the projected crests keep rising. The Red River flows north. Our colleague Doug just headed down to Fargo to help protect his sister's house wearing his only possession he has remaining after the Grand Forks floods and fire in 1997: his belt.


text:
'AGT' Contestant Kristen Cruz Wows The Judges With Her Powerhouse Cover Of 'I See Red'
By ETCanada.com Staff.
The judges on "America's Got Talent" were blown away by 19-year-old singer Kristen Cruz.
Cruz, who hails from Irving, Texas, has become well-known on social media for her covers of pop, soul and worship songs while making beverages such as iced coffee and smoothies. With 2 million followers on TikTok, her covers have garnered even more millions of views. Her rendition of Miley Cyrus' "Nothing Breaks Like A Heart" has 28.9 million views and 6.3 million likes. Cruz also has a celebrity following, with Ellen Pompeo, Ariana DeBose, and David Arquette among her followers on Instagram.
Stepping onto the "AGT" stage, Cruz said her dream is "to inspire people, to make them feel that you don't have to be anything else but yourself."
While the judges were certainly all rooting for her, it was clear that none of them expected the powerful performance of "I See Red" by Everybody Loves An Outlaw that Cruz delivered. The whole panel, including Simon Cowell, gave Cruz a standing ovation. Cowell even gave the young vocalist two thumbs up as he stood.
'AGT' Magician Jannick Holste Stuns Simon Cowell With Dance Infused Act
"Unbelievable," he said. "Was that really you singing?" he asked jokingly.
Fellow judge Howie Mandel was also blown away. "You open your mouth and you're on fire!" he told Cruz.
"I want your voice!" Heidi Klum exclaimed. "Me too," said Sofia Vergara.
"I love everything about you," Klum added of Cruz. "You are a star already in the making. You just have a real gift you just have 'it'".
"The moment you started singing you became so powerful so confident," Vergara said. "It was unexpected, and it was sexy!"
'AGT': Sneak Peek At Mind-Bending Acrobatic Performance From Kristy Sellars
Though sometimes stingy with compliments, Cowell couldn't agree more with the other judges. "I was surprised also because we have a lot of overconfident singers who come out here and they're dreadful … Your voice is what I would call 'seasoned'", he continued. "You're not like someone just starting. Your range, your tone. You have great taste by the way, because it was a great great choice of song."
Adding in one final quip about Cruz's social media persona, Cowell told the singer, "You don't need smoothies when you sing, trust me."
Cruz unsurprisingly got four 'yeses' from the judges and has advanced to the next round.
Rady Children's Hospital One of Sites to Begin Offering COVID Shots for Babies, Tots
San Diego County Reports 7-Day Low in New COVID-19 Cases, at 864


text:
The 2012–13 Football League Trophy, known as the Johnstone's Paint Trophy for sponsorship reasons, is the 29th season in the history of the competition. It is a knock-out tournament for English football clubs in League One and League Two, the third and fourth tiers of the English football.

In all, 48 clubs will enter the competition. It is split into two sections, Northern and Southern, with the winners of each section contesting the final at Wembley Stadium. Chesterfield are the defending champions, having beaten Swindon Town in the previous year's final, 2–0.

First round
The draw for the first round of the competition took place on 18 August 2012. Sixteen clubs were given a bye into the second round, and the remaining 32 clubs, including the holders, were divided into four geographical regions.

Northern section

Southern section

Byes

Northern section
Bradford City, Bury, Crewe Alexandra, Doncaster Rovers, Hartlepool United, Sheffield United, Shrewsbury Town, Walsall.

Southern section
Barnet, Brentford, Cheltenham Town, Colchester United, Leyton Orient, Plymouth Argyle, Torquay United, Wycombe Wanderers.

Second round
The draw for the second round of the competition took place on 8 September 2012, with matches played in the week commencing 8 October 2012.

Northern section

Southern section

Area Quarter-finals
The draw for the Area Quarter-finals was made on 13 October 2012, and the matches will be played in the week commencing 3 December 2012.

Northern section

Southern section

Area Semi-finals
The draw for the Area Semi-finals was made on 8 December 2012, and the matches will be played in the week commencing 7 January 2013.

Northern section

Southern section

Area finals
The area finals, which serve as the semi-finals for the entire competition, were contested over two legs, home and away.

Northern section

Crewe Alexandra won 3–2 on aggregate.

Southern section

Southend United won 3–2 on aggregate.

Final

References

External links
Official website

EFL Trophy
Trophy
Trophy
2012–13 domestic association football cups

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Watch Golden Girl Rue McClanahan's Hilarious 1990 Videos About Pet Care
Rae Alexandra
Rue McClanahan and her cat Celestine in 'The Cat Care Video Guide' (1990). (YouTube)
If you're one of the thousands of humans across America who have taken on a pet during shelter in place, adjusting to living with your new animal friend doesn't involve a very steep learning curve. Animals are awesome, and shelters tend to explain basics to you before you leave with a new foster or adoption.
In 1990, however, it was apparently left up to Rue McClanahan—then at the peak of her fame playing Blanche Devereaux in The Golden Girls—to make instructional VHS presentations about how to take care of cats and dogs.
In both The Dog Care Video Guide and The Cat Care Video Guide, McClanahan—whose Blanche was a refreshingly sex-positive TV icon for older women—is accompanied by a British veterinarian named Dr. David Griffiths. And, let me tell you, the sexual tension between these two is electric. Just look at this supercut from The Dog Care Video Guide:
These two immediately get down to business in The Cat Care Video Guide as well. McClanahan promises to explore "the mysterious inner workings of the feline mind," while Dr. Griffiths purrs, "I'd be happy to have my brain picked by such an enchanting woman."
McClanahan goes on to smile her way through a cat attack, a room filled with running and hissing felines, and Dr. Griffiths' stern warnings about predators. "Owls," he says at one point, "have been known to carry a cat off."
Together, the two run through important decisions regarding your new pet: how to pick the animal that's right for you, the importance of spaying and neutering, and how to give medication. Truly, it's all a soothing reminder of a simpler time. (Also, it's really funny—at one point during a discussion about the best kinds of bowls to buy, when McClanahan suggests picking up something "with a wide, flat bottom," Dr. Griffiths has to stop himself from laughing.)
You can find much of McClanahan's cat and dog care videos on YouTube. But here's a taster that juxtaposes a montage of senior citizens petting kittens with even more flirting:


The entry door of your home is the central focal point for guests and onlookers, and it plays a crucial role in representing you. While most homeowners probably inherited their entry door with the purchase of their home, many view their current entry door as an unfortunate representation of their style and personality. Do you identify?
Let us help to fix that. Invest in an entry door that reflects who you are to those guests and onlookers. Our team here at Brock Doors and Windows can help you do that and ensure your door stays within the unique architectural detailing of your Brampton home. Together, we will incorporate both your style and your home's architecture.
Energy efficiency: No matter the style of entry door you choose, homeowners want—demand, actually—energy efficiency (as they should!). The good news? Brock offers only energy-efficient products. Earth friendliness is important to us and we view offering energy-efficient options as our honor and responsibility. While you're shopping around, take note of energy ratings and options to make sure you choose an entry door that supports your HVAC's lifespan, saves you money on heating/cooling bills, and is kind to Mother Earth.
Minimalistic eccentricity: the modern appeal has worked its way into every aspect of our lives; from clothing to food preparation to home interior to the entry door. "Less is more" is the stance many of our fellow neighbors take these days. Clean lines and simple, eye-catching entryways are top picks for homeowners.
We all want to make a statement to some degree, but be sure your "statement" fits within the style of your home and a reasonable budget. Homeowners who go overboard with their entry doors do more harm than good. Looking to sell? Choosing too far outside the "typical" may turn off potential buyers. If you're not looking to sell, be sure to remain mindful of an affordable budget. You do not want to be that guy or gal who looks at their beautiful new entry door and scowls from the burden of overextended funds.
Before we part, please review some of our expert tips.
Ask yourself: is it time to replace your Brampton, Ontario entry door? Weighing needs vs. wants will help you create a sound budget and timeline.
Research your potential contractors and installation companies.
Research the manufacturer behind the product.
Evaluate your family's needs—are there specific safety concerns you have? Operational demands? Added locks?
Compare materials. Not all doors are created equal.
Review glass choices for UV protection, privacy, and aesthetic options.
Ask around! Who do you know who's replaced their entry door? Who did they work with? What was their experience? This will add confidence to your search for the perfect door.
For more helpful tips like these, come visit our team here at Brock Doors and Windows! We love to see our Brampton neighbors happy and satisfied with their homes. Your entry door awaits!


text:
"For as long as space endures
And for as long as living beings remain,
Until then may I too abide
To dispel the misery of the world."
From Shantideva's Way of the Bodhisattva
Although he describes himself as a "simple Buddhist monk", to millions of people, he is Chenrezig, the embodiment of enlightened compassion. His Holiness the 14th Dalai Lama, Tenzin Gyatso, is the spiritual and temporal leader of the Tibetan people. His Holiness is referred to as "Kundün" by Tibetans, meaning "The Presence". If you are lucky enough to meet him, it becomes obvious from his aura of gentle power why he is given this title.
A Dalai Lama is not appointed or elected, but born to the position, each successor a reincarnation of the previous one. Before each Dalai Lama dies, he leaves certain indications regarding where he will take his next rebirth. The present Dalai Lama was born into a peasant family on 6 July 1935, in Taktser, a small village in north-eastern Tibet. He was recognized as the reincarnation of the Dalai Lama at the age of two, and enthroned on February 22, 1940, assuming full political power in November 1950. He began his education at the age of six and completed the Geshe Lharampa degree, a qualification awarded only to the most outstanding students of Buddhist philosophy, when he was twenty-five in 1959.
On 10 March 1959, Chinese troops fired on Lhasa in an effort to quell a demonstration against China's occupation of Tibet. His Holiness, disguised as a soldier, made the long and hazardous journey to India where he was given political asylum. Some eighty thousand Tibetan refugees followed him. Since 1960, he has resided in Dharamsala, India, now the seat of the Tibetan Government-in-exile.
On coming into exile, His Holiness saw that his immediate task was to save the Tibetan people and their culture. In 1963 he announced a democratic constitution, based on Buddhist principles and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, as a model for a future free Tibet. In Washington DC in 1987, he proposed a Five-Point Peace Plan as a first step toward resolving the future status of Tibet.
The Nobel Prize for Peace was awarded to His Holiness in 1989. Perhaps the citation from the prize committee tells us most about His Holiness' struggle for peace with China: "The Dalai Lama in his struggle for the liberation of Tibet consistently has opposed the use of violence. He has instead advocated peaceful solutions based upon tolerance and mutual respect in order to preserve the historical and cultural heritage of his people."
"Whatever we say, let us speak clearly and to the point, in a voice that is calm and pleasant, unaffected by attachment or hatred…When you engage in fulfilling the needs of others, your own needs are fulfilled as a by-product."
These days His Holiness travels the world promoting his message of compassion and universal responsibility. When he is not travelling, he follows a busy schedule of administrative meetings, private audiences, religious teachings and ceremonies. He begins and concludes each day with several hours of prayers and meditation.
"With truth, courage and determination as our weapons,
Tibet will be liberated. Our struggle must remain
non-violent and free of hatred."
Thanks to Sonam Tenzin and the Office of Tibet, London,
for this information.
Official website of HH the Dalai Lama :
http://www.dalailama.com
Dalai Lama's visit of New Zealand:
http://www.dalailamavisit.org.nz
Geshe Ngawang Dhargyey
Khensur Kangyurwa Lobsang Thubten Rinpoche
Gyume Kensur Geshe Ogyen Tseten Rinpoche
5th&6th ZaChoeje Rinpoche
Geshe Palden Tsering
Trashi Ganden Choepel Ling
40 Waverley Ave. Glenfield
North Shore City 0629
Phone: +64 (0)9 444 8886
Email: tgcling@gmail.com
Website Design by Hambrook Web Design


text:
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UPDATE: Child Porn charges laid after ICE receives tip from Australia
Lots of charges relating to child sexual exploitation have now been laid against Christopher Juneau
Red Deer Express Staff
Mar. 8, 2019 10:30 a.m.
Following an extensive ALERT Internet Child Exploitation (ICE) Unit investigation, numerous new charges relating to child sexual exploitation have now been laid against Christopher Juneau. The total number of charges now stands at 73.
ICE's continued investigation into Juneau has uncovered a series of new offences, and has identified at least eight child victims. A news release concerning the 34-year-old Eckville man's initial arrest was issued by ALERT on Jan. 23rd, 2019.
ICE has identified eight victims who were allegedly sexually assaulted by Juneau. The alleged offences took place at various times and date back to 2013.
Sylvan Lake RCMP, Fox Creek RCMP, the Central Alberta Child Advocacy Centre in Red Deer, and the Caribou Child & Youth Centre in Grande Prairie have provided extensive assistance on the case.
Following the news release and subsequent media coverage, a number of potential victims provided information to police. ICE was also able to identify additional victims through a forensic analysis of the computers and other seized electronic devices seized from Juneau's home.
Forensic analysis of Juneau's phone and computers has so far yielded more than half a million images and videos of child sexual exploitation and voyeurism. ICE forensic technicians have yet to complete their full analysis.
Juneau was charged with the new offences on March 1st, 2019. He has remained in custody since January 18th, 2019, when he was arrested by Sylvan Lake RCMP.
Charges against Juneau include multiple instances of sexual assault, sexual interference, invitation to sexual touching, voyeurism, possessing, accessing, distributing, and making child pornography and breach of recognizance.
Juneau's initial arrest came after ICE received information from Australia's Task Force Argos, a specialized online child exploitation unit of the Queensland Police Service.
Anyone with information about this investigation, or any cases related to child sexual exploitation, is encouraged to come forward and contact police or Crime Stoppers (1-800-222-TIPS).
– Submitted by Alberta Law Enforcement Response Teams (ALERT)
Alberta Mountie accused of off-duty assaults in Whistler
Facebook steps up fight against vaccine misinformation
Archived stories and photos from past years hosted on this website
Red Deer Express closed its doors March 27 - current local news, sports, entertainment and community stories still available through the Red Deer Advocate daily newspaper
B.C. prepared if Alberta shuts off fuel supplies, David Eby says
If B.C. continues pipeline battle, 'we'll finish it,' Alberta's Jason Kenney vows
UPDATE: RCMP find no safety risk to the general public or employees at Nova Chemicals
RCMP received reports of the threat Thursday evening
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text:
namespace {

static const char* kNav1 = "http://tests/nav1.html";
static const char* kNav2 = "http://tests/nav2.html";
static const char* kNav3 = "http://tests/nav3.html";
static const char* kNav4 = "http://tests/nav4.html";

enum NavAction {
  NA_LOAD = 1,
  NA_BACK,
  NA_FORWARD,
  NA_CLEAR
};

typedef struct {
  NavAction action;     // What to do
  const char* target;   // Where to be after navigation
  bool can_go_back;     // After navigation, can go back?
  bool can_go_forward;  // After navigation, can go forward?
} NavListItem;

// Array of navigation actions: X = current page, . = history exists
static NavListItem kNavList[] = {
                                     // kNav1 | kNav2 | kNav3
  {NA_LOAD, kNav1, false, false},    //   X
  {NA_LOAD, kNav2, true, false},     //   .       X
  {NA_BACK, kNav1, false, true},     //   X       .
  {NA_FORWARD, kNav2, true, false},  //   .       X
  {NA_LOAD, kNav3, true, false},     //   .       .       X
  {NA_BACK, kNav2, true, true},      //   .       X       .
  {NA_CLEAR, kNav2, false, false},   //           X
};

#define NAV_LIST_SIZE() (sizeof(kNavList) / sizeof(NavListItem))

class HistoryNavTestHandler : public TestHandler {
 public:
  HistoryNavTestHandler() : nav_(0) {}

  virtual void RunTest() OVERRIDE {
    // Add the resources that we will navigate to/from.
    AddResource(kNav1, "Nav1", "text/html");
    AddResource(kNav2, "Nav2", "text/html");
    AddResource(kNav3, "Nav3", "text/html");

    // Create the browser.
    CreateBrowser(CefString());
  }

  void RunNav(CefRefPtr<CefBrowser> browser) {
    if (nav_ == NAV_LIST_SIZE()) {
      // End of the nav list.
      DestroyTest();
      return;
    }

    const NavListItem& item = kNavList[nav_];

    // Perform the action.
    switch (item.action) {
    case NA_LOAD:
      browser->GetMainFrame()->LoadURL(item.target);
      break;
    case NA_BACK:
      browser->GoBack();
      break;
    case NA_FORWARD:
      browser->GoForward();
      break;
    case NA_CLEAR:
      browser->ClearHistory();
      // Not really a navigation action so go to the next one.
      nav_++;
      RunNav(browser);
      break;
    default:
      break;
    }
  }

  virtual void OnAfterCreated(CefRefPtr<CefBrowser> browser) OVERRIDE {
    TestHandler::OnAfterCreated(browser);

    RunNav(browser);
  }

  virtual bool OnBeforeBrowse(CefRefPtr<CefBrowser> browser,
                              CefRefPtr<CefFrame> frame,
                              CefRefPtr<CefRequest> request,
                              NavType navType,
                              bool isRedirect) OVERRIDE {
    const NavListItem& item = kNavList[nav_];

    got_before_browse_[nav_].yes();

    std::string url = request->GetURL();
    if (url == item.target)
      got_correct_target_[nav_].yes();

    if (((item.action == NA_BACK || item.action == NA_FORWARD) &&
         navType == NAVTYPE_BACKFORWARD) ||
        (item.action == NA_LOAD && navType == NAVTYPE_OTHER)) {
      got_correct_nav_type_[nav_].yes();
    }

    return false;
  }

  virtual void OnNavStateChange(CefRefPtr<CefBrowser> browser,
                                bool canGoBack,
                                bool canGoForward) OVERRIDE {
    const NavListItem& item = kNavList[nav_];

    got_nav_state_change_[nav_].yes();

    if (item.can_go_back == canGoBack)
      got_correct_can_go_back_[nav_].yes();
    if (item.can_go_forward == canGoForward)
      got_correct_can_go_forward_[nav_].yes();
  }

  virtual void OnLoadStart(CefRefPtr<CefBrowser> browser,
                           CefRefPtr<CefFrame> frame) OVERRIDE {
    if(browser->IsPopup() || !frame->IsMain())
      return;

    const NavListItem& item = kNavList[nav_];

    got_load_start_[nav_].yes();

    std::string url1 = browser->GetMainFrame()->GetURL();
    std::string url2 = frame->GetURL();
    if (url1 == item.target && url2 == item.target)
      got_correct_load_start_url_[nav_].yes();
  }

  virtual void OnLoadEnd(CefRefPtr<CefBrowser> browser,
                         CefRefPtr<CefFrame> frame,
                         int httpStatusCode) OVERRIDE {
    if (browser->IsPopup() || !frame->IsMain())
      return;

    const NavListItem& item = kNavList[nav_];

    got_load_end_[nav_].yes();

    std::string url1 = browser->GetMainFrame()->GetURL();
    std::string url2 = frame->GetURL();
    if (url1 == item.target && url2 == item.target)
      got_correct_load_end_url_[nav_].yes();

    if (item.can_go_back == browser->CanGoBack())
      got_correct_can_go_back2_[nav_].yes();
    if (item.can_go_forward == browser->CanGoForward())
      got_correct_can_go_forward2_[nav_].yes();

    nav_++;
    RunNav(browser);
  }

  int nav_;

  TrackCallback got_before_browse_[NAV_LIST_SIZE()];
  TrackCallback got_correct_target_[NAV_LIST_SIZE()];
  TrackCallback got_correct_nav_type_[NAV_LIST_SIZE()];
  TrackCallback got_nav_state_change_[NAV_LIST_SIZE()];
  TrackCallback got_correct_can_go_back_[NAV_LIST_SIZE()];
  TrackCallback got_correct_can_go_forward_[NAV_LIST_SIZE()];
  TrackCallback got_load_start_[NAV_LIST_SIZE()];
  TrackCallback got_correct_load_start_url_[NAV_LIST_SIZE()];
  TrackCallback got_load_end_[NAV_LIST_SIZE()];
  TrackCallback got_correct_load_end_url_[NAV_LIST_SIZE()];
  TrackCallback got_correct_can_go_back2_[NAV_LIST_SIZE()];
  TrackCallback got_correct_can_go_forward2_[NAV_LIST_SIZE()];
};

}  // namespace

// Verify history navigation.
TEST(NavigationTest, History) {
  CefRefPtr<HistoryNavTestHandler> handler =
      new HistoryNavTestHandler();
  handler->ExecuteTest();

  for (size_t i = 0; i < NAV_LIST_SIZE(); ++i) {
    if (kNavList[i].action != NA_CLEAR) {
      ASSERT_TRUE(handler->got_before_browse_[i]) << "i = " <got_correct_target_[i]) << "i = " <got_correct_nav_type_[i]) << "i = " <got_load_start_[i]) << "i = " <got_correct_load_start_url_[i]) << "i = " <got_nav_state_change_[i]) << "i = " <got_correct_can_go_back_[i]) << "i = " <got_correct_can_go_forward_[i]) << "i = " <got_nav_state_change_[i]) << "i = " <got_correct_can_go_back_[i]) << "i = " <got_correct_can_go_forward_[i]) << "i = " <got_load_end_[i]) << "i = " <got_correct_load_end_url_[i]) << "i = " <got_correct_can_go_back2_[i]) << "i = " <got_correct_can_go_forward2_[i]) << "i = " << i;
    }
  }
}

namespace {

class FrameNameIdentNavTestHandler : public TestHandler {
 public:
  FrameNameIdentNavTestHandler() : browse_ct_(0) {}

  virtual void RunTest() OVERRIDE {
    // Add the frame resources.
    std::stringstream ss;

    // Page with named frame
    ss << "Nav1<iframe src=\"" << kNav2 << "\" name=\"nav2\">";
    AddResource(kNav1, ss.str(), "text/html");
    ss.str("");

    // Page with unnamed frame
    ss << "Nav2<iframe src=\"" << kNav3 << "\">";
    AddResource(kNav2, ss.str(), "text/html");
    ss.str("");

    AddResource(kNav3, "Nav3", "text/html");

    // Create the browser.
    CreateBrowser(kNav1);
  }

  virtual bool OnBeforeBrowse(CefRefPtr<CefBrowser> browser,
                              CefRefPtr<CefFrame> frame,
                              CefRefPtr<CefRequest> request,
                              NavType navType,
                              bool isRedirect) OVERRIDE {
    std::string url = request->GetURL();
    std::string name = frame->GetName();
    CefRefPtr<CefFrame> parent = frame->GetParent();

    if (url == kNav1) {
      frame1_ident_ = frame->GetIdentifier();
      if (name == "")
        got_frame1_name_.yes();
      if (!parent.get())
        got_frame1_ident_parent_before_.yes();
    } else if (url == kNav2) {
      frame2_ident_ = frame->GetIdentifier();
      if (name == "nav2")
        got_frame2_name_.yes();
      if (parent.get() && frame1_ident_ == parent->GetIdentifier())
        got_frame2_ident_parent_before_.yes();
    } else if (url == kNav3) {
      frame3_ident_ = frame->GetIdentifier();
      if (name == "-->")
        got_frame3_name_.yes();
       if (parent.get() && frame2_ident_ == parent->GetIdentifier())
        got_frame3_ident_parent_before_.yes();
    }

    return false;
  }

  virtual void OnLoadEnd(CefRefPtr<CefBrowser> browser,
                         CefRefPtr<CefFrame> frame,
                         int httpStatusCode) OVERRIDE {
    std::string url = frame->GetURL();
    CefRefPtr<CefFrame> parent = frame->GetParent();

    if (url == kNav1) {
      if (frame1_ident_ == frame->GetIdentifier())
        got_frame1_ident_.yes();
      if (!parent.get())
        got_frame1_ident_parent_after_.yes();
    } else if (url == kNav2) {
      if (frame2_ident_ == frame->GetIdentifier())
        got_frame2_ident_.yes();
      if (parent.get() && frame1_ident_ == parent->GetIdentifier())
        got_frame2_ident_parent_after_.yes();
    } else if (url == kNav3) {
      if (frame3_ident_ == frame->GetIdentifier())
        got_frame3_ident_.yes();
      if (parent.get() && frame2_ident_ == parent->GetIdentifier())
        got_frame3_ident_parent_after_.yes();
    }

    if (++browse_ct_ == 3)
      DestroyTest();
  }

  int browse_ct_;

  int64 frame1_ident_;
  int64 frame2_ident_;
  int64 frame3_ident_;

  TrackCallback got_frame1_name_;
  TrackCallback got_frame2_name_;
  TrackCallback got_frame3_name_;
  TrackCallback got_frame1_ident_;
  TrackCallback got_frame2_ident_;
  TrackCallback got_frame3_ident_;
  TrackCallback got_frame1_ident_parent_before_;
  TrackCallback got_frame2_ident_parent_before_;
  TrackCallback got_frame3_ident_parent_before_;
  TrackCallback got_frame1_ident_parent_after_;
  TrackCallback got_frame2_ident_parent_after_;
  TrackCallback got_frame3_ident_parent_after_;
};

}  // namespace

// Verify frame names and identifiers.
TEST(NavigationTest, FrameNameIdent) {
  CefRefPtr<FrameNameIdentNavTestHandler> handler =
      new FrameNameIdentNavTestHandler();
  handler->ExecuteTest();

  ASSERT_GT(handler->frame1_ident_, 0);
  ASSERT_GT(handler->frame2_ident_, 0);
  ASSERT_GT(handler->frame3_ident_, 0);
  ASSERT_TRUE(handler->got_frame1_name_);
  ASSERT_TRUE(handler->got_frame2_name_);
  ASSERT_TRUE(handler->got_frame3_name_);
  ASSERT_TRUE(handler->got_frame1_ident_);
  ASSERT_TRUE(handler->got_frame2_ident_);
  ASSERT_TRUE(handler->got_frame3_ident_);
  ASSERT_TRUE(handler->got_frame1_ident_parent_before_);
  ASSERT_TRUE(handler->got_frame2_ident_parent_before_);
  ASSERT_TRUE(handler->got_frame3_ident_parent_before_);
  ASSERT_TRUE(handler->got_frame1_ident_parent_after_);
  ASSERT_TRUE(handler->got_frame2_ident_parent_after_);
  ASSERT_TRUE(handler->got_frame3_ident_parent_after_);
}

namespace {

bool g_got_nav1_request = false;
bool g_got_nav3_request = false;
bool g_got_nav4_request = false;
bool g_got_invalid_request = false;

class RedirectSchemeHandler : public CefSchemeHandler {
 public:
  RedirectSchemeHandler() : offset_(0), status_(0) {}

  virtual bool ProcessRequest(CefRefPtr<CefRequest> request,
                              CefRefPtr<CefSchemeHandlerCallback> callback)
                              OVERRIDE {
    EXPECT_TRUE(CefCurrentlyOn(TID_IO));

    std::string url = request->GetURL();
    if (url == kNav1) {
      // Redirect using HTTP 302
      g_got_nav1_request = true;
      status_ = 302;
      location_ = kNav2;
      content_ = "Redirected Nav1";
    } else if (url == kNav3) {
      // Rdirect using redirectUrl
      g_got_nav3_request = true;
      status_ = -1;
      location_ = kNav4;
      content_ = "Redirected Nav3";
    } else if (url == kNav4) {
      g_got_nav4_request = true;
      status_ = 200;
      content_ = "Nav4";
    }

    if (status_ != 0) {
      callback->HeadersAvailable();
      return true;
    } else {
      g_got_invalid_request = true;
      return false;
    }
  }

  virtual void GetResponseHeaders(CefRefPtr<CefResponse> response,
                                  int64& response_length,
                                  CefString& redirectUrl) OVERRIDE {
    EXPECT_TRUE(CefCurrentlyOn(TID_IO));

    EXPECT_NE(status_, 0);

    response->SetStatus(status_);
    response->SetMimeType("text/html");
    response_length = content_.size();

    if (status_ == 302) {
      // Redirect using HTTP 302
      EXPECT_GT(location_.size(), static_cast<size_t>(0));
      response->SetStatusText("Found");
      CefResponse::HeaderMap headers;
      response->GetHeaderMap(headers);
      headers.insert(std::make_pair("Location", location_));
      response->SetHeaderMap(headers);
    } else if (status_ == -1) {
      // Rdirect using redirectUrl
      EXPECT_GT(location_.size(), static_cast<size_t>(0));
      redirectUrl = location_;
    }
  }

  virtual void Cancel() OVERRIDE {
    EXPECT_TRUE(CefCurrentlyOn(TID_IO));
  }

  virtual bool ReadResponse(void* data_out,
                            int bytes_to_read,
                            int& bytes_read,
                            CefRefPtr<CefSchemeHandlerCallback> callback)
                            OVERRIDE {
    EXPECT_TRUE(CefCurrentlyOn(TID_IO));

    size_t size = content_.size();
    if (offset_ < size) {
      int transfer_size =
          std::min(bytes_to_read, static_cast<int>(size - offset_));
      memcpy(data_out, content_.c_str() + offset_, transfer_size);
      offset_ += transfer_size;

      bytes_read = transfer_size;
      return true;
    }

    return false;
  }

 protected:
  std::string content_;
  size_t offset_;
  int status_;
  std::string location_;

  IMPLEMENT_REFCOUNTING(RedirectSchemeHandler);
};

class RedirectSchemeHandlerFactory : public CefSchemeHandlerFactory {
 public:
  RedirectSchemeHandlerFactory() {}

  virtual CefRefPtr<CefSchemeHandler> Create(CefRefPtr<CefBrowser> browser,
                                             const CefString& scheme_name,
                                             CefRefPtr<CefRequest> request)
                                             OVERRIDE {
    EXPECT_TRUE(CefCurrentlyOn(TID_IO));
    return new RedirectSchemeHandler();
  }

  IMPLEMENT_REFCOUNTING(RedirectSchemeHandlerFactory);
};

class RedirectTestHandler : public TestHandler {
 public:
  RedirectTestHandler() {}

  virtual void RunTest() OVERRIDE {
    // Create the browser.
    CreateBrowser(kNav1);
  }

  virtual bool OnBeforeBrowse(CefRefPtr<CefBrowser> browser,
                              CefRefPtr<CefFrame> frame,
                              CefRefPtr<CefRequest> request,
                              NavType navType,
                              bool isRedirect) OVERRIDE {
    // Should be called for each URL that is actually loaded.
    std::string url = request->GetURL();

    if (url == kNav1) {
      got_nav1_before_browse_.yes();
    } else if (url == kNav3) {
      got_nav3_before_browse_.yes();
    } else if (url == kNav4) {
      got_nav4_before_browse_.yes();
    } else {
      got_invalid_before_browse_.yes();
    }

    return false;
  }

  virtual bool OnBeforeResourceLoad(CefRefPtr<CefBrowser> browser,
                                    CefRefPtr<CefRequest> request,
                                    CefString& redirectUrl,
                                    CefRefPtr<CefStreamReader>& resourceStream,
                                    CefRefPtr<CefResponse> response,
                                    int loadFlags) OVERRIDE {
    // Should only be called for the first URL.
    std::string url = request->GetURL();

    if (url == kNav1) {
      got_nav1_before_resource_load_.yes();
    } else {
      got_invalid_before_resource_load_.yes();
    }

    return false;
  }

  virtual void OnResourceRedirect(CefRefPtr<CefBrowser> browser,
                                  const CefString& old_url,
                                  CefString& new_url) OVERRIDE {
    // Should be called for each redirected URL.

    if (old_url == kNav1 && new_url == kNav2) {
      // Called due to the nav1 redirect response.
      got_nav1_redirect_.yes();

      // Change the redirect to the 3rd URL.
      new_url = kNav3;
    } else if (old_url == kNav1 && new_url == kNav3) {
      // Called due to the redirect change above.
      got_nav2_redirect_.yes();
    } else if (old_url == kNav3 && new_url == kNav4) {
      // Called due to the nav3 redirect response.
      got_nav3_redirect_.yes();
    } else {
      got_invalid_redirect_.yes();
    }
  }

  virtual void OnLoadStart(CefRefPtr<CefBrowser> browser,
                           CefRefPtr<CefFrame> frame) OVERRIDE {
    // Should only be called for the final loaded URL.
    std::string url = frame->GetURL();

    if (url == kNav4) {
      got_nav4_load_start_.yes();
    } else {
      got_invalid_load_start_.yes();
    }
  }

  virtual void OnLoadEnd(CefRefPtr<CefBrowser> browser,
                         CefRefPtr<CefFrame> frame,
                         int httpStatusCode) OVERRIDE {
    // Should only be called for the final loaded URL.
    std::string url = frame->GetURL();

    if (url == kNav4) {
      got_nav4_load_end_.yes();
      DestroyTest();
    } else {
      got_invalid_load_end_.yes();
    }
  }

  TrackCallback got_nav1_before_browse_;
  TrackCallback got_nav3_before_browse_;
  TrackCallback got_nav4_before_browse_;
  TrackCallback got_invalid_before_browse_;
  TrackCallback got_nav1_before_resource_load_;
  TrackCallback got_invalid_before_resource_load_;
  TrackCallback got_nav4_load_start_;
  TrackCallback got_invalid_load_start_;
  TrackCallback got_nav4_load_end_;
  TrackCallback got_invalid_load_end_;
  TrackCallback got_nav1_redirect_;
  TrackCallback got_nav2_redirect_;
  TrackCallback got_nav3_redirect_;
  TrackCallback got_invalid_redirect_;
};

}  // namespace

// Verify frame names and identifiers.
TEST(NavigationTest, Redirect) {
  CefRegisterSchemeHandlerFactory("http", "tests",
      new RedirectSchemeHandlerFactory());
  WaitForIOThread();

  CefRefPtr<RedirectTestHandler> handler =
      new RedirectTestHandler();
  handler->ExecuteTest();

  CefClearSchemeHandlerFactories();
  WaitForIOThread();

  ASSERT_TRUE(handler->got_nav1_before_browse_);
  ASSERT_TRUE(handler->got_nav3_before_browse_);
  ASSERT_TRUE(handler->got_nav4_before_browse_);
  ASSERT_FALSE(handler->got_invalid_before_browse_);
  ASSERT_TRUE(handler->got_nav1_before_resource_load_);
  ASSERT_FALSE(handler->got_invalid_before_resource_load_);
  ASSERT_TRUE(handler->got_nav4_load_start_);
  ASSERT_FALSE(handler->got_invalid_load_start_);
  ASSERT_TRUE(handler->got_nav4_load_end_);
  ASSERT_FALSE(handler->got_invalid_load_end_);
  ASSERT_TRUE(handler->got_nav1_redirect_);
  ASSERT_TRUE(handler->got_nav2_redirect_);
  ASSERT_TRUE(handler->got_nav3_redirect_);
  ASSERT_FALSE(handler->got_invalid_redirect_);
  ASSERT_TRUE(g_got_nav1_request);
  ASSERT_TRUE(g_got_nav3_request);
  ASSERT_TRUE(g_got_nav4_request);
  ASSERT_FALSE(g_got_invalid_request);
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


BRAVERY is a daring selection in the Lincoln at Doncaster (three.35).
He gained this race 12 months in the past off a hefty 5lb decrease in the weights.
That was his first run after an extended break and he's clearly a horse that goes nicely when recent.
The remainder of his season was a bit like a curler-coaster however there have been some ups together with the downs.
His greatest efforts came to visit this mile journey and the give in the floor is a plus. We all know he handles an enormous area having taken this race final yr and he proved it once more with a second in scorching firm at York in October.
The David O'Meara hopeful goes off the similar mark as that good effort today and being drawn in stall one shouldn't hamper his possibilities.
He has been gelded over the winter and that would assist sharpen him up sufficient to seize a second Lincoln. At the costs, he has an excellent probability of getting on the podium a minimum of.
Lord Glitters has tons going for him regardless of carrying loads of weight. He gained a few small races in France earlier than a primary and second at Ascot in Autumn. The second of these came to visit today's distance and he stayed on actually strongly to win in a bobbing end.
Ballard Down has been off for 245 days however would have good claims on his greatest type. He was final seen scoring in a robust handicap on the July Course at Newmarket. He's 9lb greater in the weights today however would go shut if match sufficient to do himself justice.
Gabrial is knocking on a bit now however continues to be able to having his moments. He was an in depth fourth in this 12 months in the past and is 4lb decrease in the handicap now.
DAN's the man in Doncaster's Cammidge Trophy (1.50).
Michael Appleby's sprinter DANZENO hasn't loved himself out in Dubai this spring and will probably be a lot happier again on house turf. He had a serious excuse when held there final time as a result of he tripped popping out of the stalls. Pegasus himself would have struggled from that time.
He'll relish any minimize in the floor having run a blinder in a Listed contest over course and distance in November.
Lacking the break didn't assist his possibilities there so Silvestre De Sousa is certain to behave vigorous when the stalls open today. This appears open however he has sufficient tempo to go shut.
Teruntum Star did nicely final season, profitable a few huge-subject handicaps in good type.
His best hour got here in the Coral Sprint Trophy at York the place he beat 19 rivals with lots left in the tank. He would ideally like the floor a bit quicker however dealt with reduce when a spot behind Danzeno final outing.


A whole bunch of alternative reality stuff written by the Brontes. They invented islands and peopled them and wrote stories about them until they were in their mid twenties. Most of the writing was lost but some notebooks and maps remain.
Also, of course the British library is wonderful to look round, there are Johnson, Austen, Bronte, Milton manuscripts and all sorts.
And then, on the way home, I wandered into a bookshop and found an anthlogy of C18th chapbooks - the sort of thing a good Grub street hack could toss off in fifteen minutes - rather like this post I'm afraid.


text:
<link rel="shortcut icon" type="image/png" href="../../../lib/jasmine/lib/jasmine-3.5.0/jasmine_favicon.png">
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<script src="../../../lib/seedrandom.js"></script>
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vibration simulation under increased gravity.
Your Unit Under Test (UUT) can vary in weight from a few grams to many tons, applied accelerations can reach 20,000 g, your chosen giration radius can exceed 10 m or be as small as 0.1m, and acceleration accuracy can range from 10-2 to 10-6.
The DD denomination indicates that your machine has a "Direct Drive" mechanism as opposed to a belt-driven mechanism. A Direct Drive eliminates de facto certain vibratory noise as well as the use of belts. Performances are significantly enhanced and maintenance of the driving system is virtually eliminated.


All of our cloth creates bedding that is world class in quality and durability. We are proud to hold various certifications for all products made. Of all the bed linens produced in Portugal we are the only manufacturer that produces with certified 100% Egyptian cotton (Recently acquired Gold Seal - June 2016). We also hold the coveted Masters of Linen certification as well. From our raw materials to our hemming, all parts of our process only employ the absolute highest industry standards for quality and craftsmanship.
At ACL we take great pride in what raw material we use, and where we source them from, ensuring that every thread is held to the highest standards possible.


The 2nd of February, 2016.
I am going to write. I wrote. I deleted the two paragraphs. Garbage…. I analyze the photos from these past weeks, each showing on a particular day what I thought would be the inspiration. Each day I thought I would set aside time because I had finally captured the wittiness of a comparison between pink nail polish and "being in the pink" of mental health or contrasting it with the "in the black" of successful business finances.
But the mental challenge of matching laundered socks won out.
Or it wore me out.
I call it "Waiting", but it is not me waiting, it is what is waiting for me. I return home each weekday which is really 'each weeknight' to my lit tree. Funky. Imperfect. Cheery. And every night I feel happily blessed to return back to my little home in the woods, all the while marveling at the wonder of a home which only until now, after twenty years, am I really feeling at home. How can a person live in one spot for all that time, yet never feel like it was your nest?
My home is a strange combination of grandiose "it-will-never-happen-in-a-hundred-years" type plans to the nagging voice in my head which reminds me that sometime soon I better at least dump out the sludge of old coffee cups which clutter the basement garage. But somewhere in between lies the life I actually lead. My alone time is really my time to bounce off the walls a bit. Odd thing to need, isn't it? I need time to flutter around – exactly like the butterfly metaphor at which I am grasping.
Or gasping. I could be 'gasp' – writing!
A sign created for me by a friend's teenage daughter which now is placed upon my refrigerator reminding me that "we are not alone"….I think it's true message is the reminder to smile, laugh and to exist as the outrageous beings we are.
I call it "the greatest of these.." I do not know about the creative, artistic process, but as I was stapling the lights to the plywood doors I kept the mental picture of a perfect holiday heart in my head knowing full-well that it looked no where near my imagination. Yet I walked away from it for that first critical eyeful. Nervous and scared and quickly calculating how much time the re-do would take me if my first impression was disgust, I turned, delighted at its imperfection….
I just wanted a shiny, happy red heart in preparation for the first blizzard….


text:
Os membros da família Rhabdoviridae (do grego rhábdos, "bastão") são vírus que possuem a forma característica de bastão, ou "bala de revólver", medindo 70 × 180 nm. Essa é uma família grande, a qual apresenta um grande espectro de hospedeiros: vertebrados (incluindo peixes), invertebrados (a maioria insetos), amebas, plantas e fungos. Os vírus dessa família possuem um genoma de RNA-linear, não-segmentado, de polaridade negativa e envolvido por uma complexa ribonucleoproteína. Os rabdovírus do gênero Lyssavirus são responsáveis por causar a doença infecciosa chamada raiva, que ocorre tanto em seres humanos como em animais doméstico.

Referências

Vírus


text:
Carol Vorderman fears being shot over Middle East
Bang Showbiz
Carol Vorderman
Carol Vorderman is to go on a flying trip 29,000 miles around the world and is concerned about flying over the Middle East because of gun shot warnings
Carol Vorderman fears she'll be shot down over the Middle East on her round-the-world trip.
The former 'Countdown' presenter plans to fly her aircraft Mildred - named after her heroine, 30s pilot Mildred Bruce - 29,000 miles around the world on a solo trip next year and is concerned about hovering over the region.
She admitted: "The problem I have at the moment is getting through the Middle East.
"Holiday jets are at 35,000ft, but I have to fly low at 10,000ft.
"Below 25,000 ft there are lots of warnings about anti-aircraft guns. There is a worry. But it's something I've wanted and I'm going to do it."
The 54-year-old 'Loose Women' presenter revealed she is having her "second youth" now that her children - Katie King, 24, and Cameron King, 18 - have flown the nest.
She told the Daily Mirror newspaper: "When your children have left home it gives you a release.
"So I'm having my second youth. I'm doing all the things I've always wanted to."


text:
Racek žlutonohý (Larus fuscus) je velký, převážně mořský pták z čeledi rackovitých.

Popis
Patří mezi velké druhy racků, dorůstá přibližně 48–56 cm, váží 550–1180 g a v rozpětí křídel má 117–134 cm. Má silně stavěné tělo, poměrně dlouhý ocas a dlouhá úzká křídla. Svrchu je obvykle tmavý, šedý až téměř černý, často s modravým nádechem, konce křídel jsou tmavé, jejich okraje, ocas, břicho, prsa a hlavu má bílé. Končetiny jsou stejně jako silný zobák žluté, na zobáku je navíc výrazná velká červená skvrna.
Obě pohlaví se zbarvením neliší, mladí ptáci mají stejně jako u většiny ostatních druhů racků hnědá křídla a hřbet, tmavé zbarvení na ocasu, částečně šedé opeření na hlavě a růžové končetiny. Dospělí ptáci bývají v České republice nejčastěji zaměňováni s podobným rackem mořským, který je však výrazně větší a má růžové končetiny. Ozývá se velmi podobně jako racek stříbřitý, má však výrazně hlubší hlas.

Výskyt a rozšíření
Racek žlutonohý početně hnízdí při evropském pobřeží Atlantského oceánu. Zimující areál rozšíření je značně rozsáhlý a rozprostírá se na rozsáhlém území v rozmezí od Britských ostrovů v severní Evropě až po západ afrického kontinentu. Přes zimu bývá pravidelně zaznamenán také až v Severní Americe, kam přilétávají pravděpodobně jedinci z Islandu. Pravidelně, ale nepočetně protahuje také přes Českou republiku, ojediněle zde několik jedinců zůstává přes celou zimu.

Přes léto se zdržuje převážně na mořském pobřeží, často bývá zaznamenáván i na volném moři. V zimě ve vnitrozemí preferuje větší vodní plochy, obzvláště vodní nádrže, jezera nebo řeky.

Ekologie
Hnízdí v početných koloniích. Neúhledné hnízdo si staví na zemi nebo na útesech, velikost obvyklé snůšky činí 3 vejce, na kterých sedí střídavě oba rodiče přibližně 24–27 dní. Většinovou část jeho potravy tvoří malé až středně velké ryby, různí mořští i sladkovodní korýši, hmyz a různí červi. Často napadá i větší vodní ptáky a okrádá je o kořist nebo následuje větší rybářské lodě, na kterých požírá zbytky ulovených ryb.

Odkazy

Reference

Literatura
 Dungel J., Hudec, K. (2001): Atlas ptáků České a Slovenské republiky; str. 128. Academia, Praha.

Související články
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Reading the whole Bible instead of just individual verses is the difference between getting a nugget of gold and getting access to the entire gold mine. Christians are people of the whole counsel of Scripture.
Why do we sing? Is there something to be said about the communal aspect of lifting our voices together as the church? Scripture has a lot to say about singing and if we're called to sing as the church we need to know why.


text:
For other uses, see St Andrews (disambiguation).
Town in Fife, Scotland
Scottish Gaelic: Cill Rìmhinn
Scots: Saunt Aundraes
St Andrews, seen from the top of St Rule's Tower
Location within Fife
16,801 [1]
OS grid reference
NO507168
• Edinburgh
30 mi (48 km)
351 mi (565 km)
Council area
Lieutenancy area
Post town
KY16
EU Parliament
North East Fife
56°20′25″N 2°47′44″W / 56.3404°N 2.7955°W / 56.3404; -2.7955Coordinates: 56°20′25″N 2°47′44″W / 56.3404°N 2.7955°W / 56.3404; -2.7955
St Andrews (Latin: S. Andrea(s);[2] Scots: Saunt Aundraes;[3] Scottish Gaelic: Cill Rìmhinn)[4] is a town on the east coast of Fife in Scotland, 10 miles (16 km) southeast of Dundee and 30 miles (50 km) northeast of Edinburgh. St Andrews has a recorded population of 16,800 in 2011, making it Fife's fourth largest settlement and 45th most populous settlement in Scotland.
The town is home to the University of St Andrews, the third oldest university in the English-speaking world and the oldest in Scotland.[5] According to some rankings, it is ranked as the second best university in the United Kingdom, behind Cambridge.[6][7] The University is an integral part of the burgh and during term time students make up approximately one third of the town's population.[citation needed]
The town is named after Saint Andrew the Apostle. There has been an important church in St Andrews since at least the 747 AD when it was mentioned in the Annals of Tigernach, and a bishopric since at least the 11th century.[citation needed] The settlement grew to the west of St Andrews cathedral with the southern side of the Scores to the north and the Kinness burn to the south. The burgh soon became the ecclesiastical capital of Scotland, a position which was held until the Scottish Reformation. The famous cathedral, the largest in Scotland, now lies in ruins.
St Andrews is also known worldwide as the "home of golf". This is in part because The Royal and Ancient Golf Club of St Andrews, founded in 1754, which until 2004 exercised legislative authority over the game worldwide (except in the United States and Mexico). It is also because the famous St Andrews Links (acquired by the town in 1894) are the most frequent venue for The Open Championship, the oldest of golf's four major championships. Visitors travel to St Andrews in great numbers for several courses ranked amongst the finest in the world, as well as for the sandy beaches.
The Martyrs Memorial, erected to the honour of Patrick Hamilton, George Wishart, and other martyrs of the Reformation epoch, stands at the west end of the Scores on a cliff overlooking the sea. The civil parish has a population of 18,421 (in 2011).[8]
The town also contains numerous museums, a botanic garden and an aquarium.
3 Governance
4 Demography
5 Weather and climate
7 Landmarks
9 Sport and recreation
9.1 Golf
9.2 West Sands Beach
10 Places of interest
10.1 Lade Braes Walk
10.2 Museum of the University of St Andrews
10.3 St Andrews Botanic Garden
10.4 St Andrews Museum
10.5 St Andrews Aquarium
11 International relations
13.1 Notes
13.2 Bibliography
The earliest recorded name of the area is Cennrígmonaid. This is Old Gaelic and composed of the elements cenn (head, peninsula), ríg (king) and monaid (moor). This became Cell Rígmonaid (cell meaning church) and was Scoticised to Kilrymont. The modern Gaelic spelling is Cill Rìmhinn. The name St Andrews derives from the town's claim to be the resting place of bones of the apostle Andrew. According to legend, St Regulus (or Rule) brought the relics to Kilrymont, where a shrine was established for their safekeeping and veneration while Kilrymont was renamed in honour of the saint.[9] This is the origin of a third name for the town Kilrule.
St Andrews Cathedral in 1845
The first inhabitants who settled on the estuary fringes of the rivers Tay and Eden during the mesolithic (middle stone age) came from the plains in Northern Europe between 10,000 and 5,000 BCE.[10] This was followed by the nomadic people who settled around the modern town around 4,500 BCE as farmers clearing the area of woodland and building monuments.[10]
In the mid-eighth century a monastery was established by the Pictish king Oengus I, traditionally associated with the relics of Saint Andrew, a number of bones supposed to be the saint's arm, kneecap, three fingers and a tooth believed to have been brought to the town by St Regulus.[11] In AD 877, king Causantín mac Cináeda (Constantine I or II) built a new church for the Culdees at St Andrews and later the same year was captured and executed (or perhaps killed in battle) after defending against Viking raiders.[12]
In AD 906, the town became the seat of the bishop of Alba, with the boundaries of the see being extended to include land between the River Forth and River Tweed.[13] In 940 Constantine III abdicated and took the position of abbot of the monastery of St Andrews.[14]
The Martyrs Memorial
The establishment of the present town began around 1140 by Bishop Robert on an L-shaped vill, possibly on the site of the ruined St Andrews Castle.[15] According to a charter of 1170, the new burgh was built to the west of the Cathedral precinct, along Castle Street and possibly as far as what is now known as North Street.[11] This means that the lay-out may have led to the creation of two new streets (North Street and South Street) from the foundations of the new St Andrews Cathedral filling the area inside a two-sided triangle at its apex.[11] The northern boundary of the burgh was the southern side of the Scores (the street between North Street and the sea) with the southern by the Kinness Burn and the western by the West Port.[16] The burgh of St Andrews was first represented at the great council at Scone Palace in 1357.[16]
St Andrews, in particular the large cathedral built in 1160, was the most important centre of pilgrimage in medieval Scotland and one of the most important in Europe. Pilgrims from all over Scotland came in large numbers hoping to be blessed, and in many cases to be cured, at the shrine of Saint Andrew. The presence of the pilgrims brought about increased trade and development.[17] Recognised as the ecclesiastical capital of Scotland, the town now had vast economic and political influence within Europe as a cosmopolitan town.[18] In 1559, the town fell into decay after the violent Scottish Reformation and the Wars of the Three Kingdoms losing the status of ecclesiastical capital of Scotland.[19] Even the University of St Andrews was considering relocating to Perth around 1697 and 1698.[18] Under the authorisation of the bishop of St Andrews, the town was made a burgh of barony in 1614. Royal Burgh was then granted as a charter by King James VI in 1620.[20][21] In the 18th century, the town was still in decline, but despite this the town was becoming known for having links 'well known to golfers'.[18] By the 19th century, the town began to expand beyond the original medieval boundaries with streets of new houses and town villas being built.[18] Today, St Andrews is served by education, golf and the tourist and conference industry.[18]
Governance[edit]
Further information: History of local government in Scotland
St Andrews Town Hall
St Andrews is represented by several tiers of elected government. The Royal Burgh of St Andrews Community Council, meeting on the first Monday of the month in the Council Chamber of the Town Hall, forms the lowest tier of governance whose statutory role is to communicate local opinion to local and central government. The current Chairman is Mr Callum MacLeod.
Fife Council, the unitary local authority for St Andrews, based in Glenrothes is the executive, deliberative and legislative body responsible for local governance.[22] The Scottish Parliament is responsible for devolved matters such as education, health and justice while reserved matters are dealt with by the Parliament of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.[22]
The first parliament to take place in the town was in 1304, when King Edward I came to be received by Bishop William de Lamberton as overlordship of Scotland. As many as 130 landowners turned up to witness the event ranging from Sir John of Combo to Sir William Murray of Fort.[23] In the early days of the union of 1707, St Andrews elected one member of parliament along with Cupar, Perth, Dundee and Forfar.[24] The first elected parliament was introduced on 17 November 1713 as St Andrews Burgh, which merged with Anstruther, the result of a reform bill in 1832.[24] The act of reformation seats in 1855, would find one MP sitting for St Andrews Burgh (which would include Anstruther Easter, Anstruther Wester, Crail, Cupar, Kilrenny and Pittenweem).[24] Prior to 1975 the town was governed by a council, provost and baillies. In 1975, St Andrews came under Fife Regional Council and North East Fife District Council. The latter was abolished when a single-tier authority was introduced in 1996 as Fife Council based in Glenrothes.
St Andrews forms part of the North East Fife constituency, electing one Member of Parliament (MP) to the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom by the first past the post system. The constituency is represented by Stephen Gethins, MP of the Scottish National Party.[25] For the purposes of the Scottish Parliament, St Andrews forms part of the North East Fife constituency. The North East Fife Scottish Parliament (or Holyrood) constituency created in 1999 is one of nine within the Mid Scotland and Fife electoral region. Each constituency elects one Member of the Scottish Parliament (MSP) by the first past the post system of election, and the region elects seven additional members to produce a form of proportional representation. The seat was won at the 2016 Scottish Parliament Election by Willie Rennie, for the Scottish Liberal Democrats.[26][27]
At EU level, St Andrews is part of the pan-Scotland European Parliament constituency which elects seven Members of the European Parliament (MEP)s using the d'Hondt method of party-list proportional representation.[28] Scotland returns two Labour MEPs, two SNP MEPs, one Conservative and Unionist MEP and one UKIP MEP, to the European Parliament.[28]
Demography[edit]
St Andrews compared according to UK Census 2001[29][30][31][32]
14,209 349,429 5,062,011
Foreign born
11.60% 1.18% 1.10%
1.94% 3.97% 4.0%
According to the 2001 census, St Andrews had a total population of 14,209.[29] The population increased to around 16,680 in 2008[33] and 16,800 in 2012[1] The demographic make-up of the population is much in line with the rest of Scotland. The age group from 16 to 29 forms the largest portion of the population (37%).[29] The median age of males and females living in St Andrews was 29 and 34 years respectively, compared to 37 and 39 years for those in the whole of Scotland.[29]
The place of birth of the town's residents was 87.78% United Kingdom (including 61.80% from Scotland), 0.63% Republic of Ireland, 4.18% from other European Union countries, and 7.42% from elsewhere in the world.[29] The economic activity of residents aged 16–74 was 23.94% in full-time employment, 8.52% in part-time employment, 4.73% self-employed, 1.94% unemployed, 31.14% students with jobs, 9.08% students without jobs, 13.24% retired, 2.91% looking after home or family, 2.84% permanently sick or disabled, and 1.67% economically inactive for other reasons.[31]
In 2016, St Andrews was reported to be home to the "Most Expensive Street in Scotland", with average house prices in The Scores in excess of 2 million pounds.[34]
Weather and climate[edit]
Sunset, St. Andrews by Sam Bough, 1856
View from St Salvator's Tower
St Andrews has a temperate maritime climate, which is relatively mild despite its northerly latitude. Winters are not as cold as one might expect, considering that Moscow and Labrador in Newfoundland lie on the same latitude. Daytime temperatures can fall below freezing and average around 4 °C. However, the town is subject to strong winds. Night-time frosts are common; however, snowfall is more rare. The nearest official Met Office weather station for which data are available is at Leuchars, about 3.3 miles (5.3 km) northwest of St Andrews town centre.
The absolute maximum temperature is 30.8 °C (87.4 °F), recorded in August 1990.[35] In a typical year, the warmest day[36] should reach 26.1 °C (79.0 °F) and a total of 2 days[37] should record a temperature of 25.1 °C (77.2 °F) or above. The warmest calendar month (since 1960) was July 2006,[38] with a mean temperature of 16.8 °C (62.2 °F) (mean maximum of 21.6 °C (70.9 °F), mean minimum of 11.9 °C (53.4 °F))
The absolute minimum temperature (since 1960) stands at −14.5 °C (5.9 °F) recorded during February 1972,[39] although in an 'average' year, the coldest night should only fall to −8.3 °C (17.1 °F).[40] Typically, just short of 60 nights a year will experience an air frost. The coldest calendar month (since 1960) was December 2010,[41] with a mean temperature of −0.8 °C (30.6 °F) (mean maximum 1.9 °C (35.4 °F), mean minimum −3.5 °C (25.7 °F) )
Rainfall, at little more than 650 mm per year makes St Andrews one of the driest parts of Scotland, shielded from Atlantic weather systems by several mountain ranges. Over 1 mm of rain is recorded on just under 117 days of the year.
Sunshine, averaging in excess of 1,500 hours a year is amongst the highest for Scotland, and comparable to inland parts of Southern England. St Andrews is about the furthest north annual levels of above 1500 hours are encountered.
All averages refer to the 1971–2000 observation period.
Climate data for Leuchars, elevation 10 m, 1971–2000, extremes 1960-
(58.8) 30.84
−13.7
(7.3) −14.5
(21.6) −3
(2.61) 653.9
58.9 76.6 119.0 152.1 195.0 191.1 190.7 173.9 133.2 105.4 77.4 49.9 1,523.2
Source: Met Office[42]
Transport[edit]
The St Andrews Railway provided a connection to the main Edinburgh to Aberdeen Line at Leuchars railway station. This service was ended in 1969. The St Andrews Rail Link project aims at realising a new high-speed twin-cord mainline rail link via Cupar to the south and west and via Leuchars to the north.
Nowadays, the only public transport to reach trains at Leuchars or to connect other towns in Fife is the Stagecoach bus station located near the town centre. Route 99 (and its alternate routes 99A, 99B, 99C, 99D) connects St Andrews to Dundee via Leuchars with buses up to every ten minutes.
Landmarks[edit]
Main articles: St Andrew's Cathedral, St Andrews and St Andrews Castle
West Port
St Andrews was once bounded by several "ports" (the Lowland Scots word for a town gate). Two are still extant: So'gait port (South Street, now called West Port) and the Sea Yett (as The Pends terminates to the harbour). The West Port is one of few surviving town "Ports" in Scotland[43] and is a scheduled monument.[44] The towers were influenced by those seen at the base of the Netherbow Port in Edinburgh.[45] The central archway which displays semi-octagonal "rownds" and "battling" is supported by corbelling and neatly moulded passageways. Side arches and relief panels were added to the port, during the reconstruction between 1843–1845.[45]
The tower of Holy Trinity
The Category A listed[46] Holy Trinity (also known as the Holy Trinity Parish Church or "town kirk") is the most historic church in St Andrews.[47] The church was initially built on land, close to the south-east gable of the Cathedral, around 1144, and was dedicated in 1234 by Bishop David de Bernham. It then moved to a new site on the north side of South Street between 1410–1412 by bishop Warlock.[45][47] Much of the architecture feature of the church was lost in the re-building by Robert Balfour between 1798–1800.[48] The church was later restored to a (more elaborately decorated) approximation of its medieval appearance between 1907–1909 by MacGregor Chambers.[45][49]
View of the cathedral grounds from the top of St Rule's Tower.
To the east of the town centre, lie the ruins of St Andrew's Cathedral.[50] This was at one time Scotland's largest building, originated in the priory of Canons Regular founded by Bishop Robert Kennedy. St Rule's Church, to the south-east of the medieval cathedral is said to date from around 1120 and 1150, being the predecessor of the cathedral.[51] The tall square tower, part of the church, was built to hold the relics of St Andrew and became known as the first cathedral in the town.[51][52] After the death of Bishop Robert Kennedy, a new cathedral began in 1160 by Bishop Arnold (his successor) on a site adjacent to St Rule's Church.[51][52] Work on the cathedral was finally completed and consecrated in 1318 by Bishop William de Lamberton with Robert the Bruce (1306–29) present at the ceremony.[51][52] The Cathedral and associated buildings, including St Rule's Church, are protected as a scheduled monument.[53]
The ruins of St Andrews Castle
The ruins of St Andrews Castle are situated on a cliff-top to the north of the town.[54][55] The castle was first erected around 1200 as the residence, prison and fortress of the bishops of the diocese. Several reconstructions occurred in subsequent centuries, most notably due to damage incurred in the Wars of Scottish Independence.
St Andrew's bandstand
The castle was occupied, besieged and stormed during The Rough Wooing and was severely damaged in the process.
The majority of the castle seen today dates to between 1549 and 1571. The work was commissioned by John Hamilton (archbishop of St Andrews) in a renaissance style which made the building a comfortable, palatial residence while still remaining well-fortified.[54] After the Reformation, the castle passed to several owners, who could not maintain its structure and the building deteriorated into a ruin. The castle is now a scheduled monument administered by Historic Environment Scotland.[56]
The apse of the Dominican friary, Blackfriars, can still be seen on South Street (between Madras College and Bell Street).[57] Other defunct religious houses that existed in the medieval town, though less visible, have left traces, as for instance the leper hospital at St Nicholas farmhouse (The Steading) between Albany Park and the East Sands leisure centre.[58]
Original building of Madras College on South Street
Today, St Andrews is home to one secondary school, one private school and three primary schools.[59] Canongate Primary School, which opened in 1972 is located off the Canongate, beside the St Andrews Botanic Garden. The school roll was recorded in February 2008 as 215.[60] Lawhead Primary School, which opened in 1974 is on the western edge of the town. The school roll was recorded in September 2009 as 181.[61] Greyfriars Primary School
Madras College is the sole secondary school in the town. The school which opened to pupils in 1833 was based on a Madras system – founded and endowed by Dr Andrew Bell (1755–1832), a native of the town.[62][63] Prior to the opening, Bell was interested in the demand for a school which was able to teach both poor and privileged children on one site.[62] The high reputation of the school meant that many children came from throughout Britain to be taught there, often lodging with masters or residents in the town.[62] The school is now located on two campuses – Kilrymont and South Street (incorporating the original 1833 building). Pupils in S1-S3 are served by Kilrymont and S4-S6 by South Street.[64]
Plans to build a replacement for Madras College on a single site have been ongoing since 2006. Originally, the school was in negotiations with the University of St Andrews for a joint new build at Lang Lands on land owned by the University. The plans, which were scrapped in August 2011, would have seen the school share the University's playing fields.[65] In October 2011, a scoring exercise drawn up by the council to decide the best location for the new Madras College was put before parents, staff and the local community to ask for their views. A £40 million redevelopment of the Kilrymont building proved to be most popular and was officially given the go-ahead in November 2011.[66][67] This decision was met with controversy from parents, staff and the local community.[67] Work on the new school to date has yet to start, following a decision from a group of senior councillors to analyse the other potential sites than push ahead with the controversial redevelopment.[68] This means that the new school, which was expected to be open for August 2015, has now been delayed until at least 2017.[67][68]
The University of St Andrews Classics Building, Swallowgate
The private school known as St Leonards School was initially established as the St Andrews School for girls company in 1877. The present name was taken in 1882 when a move to St Leonards House was made.[69] The school is now spread across thirty acres between Pends Road and Kinnesburn.[69] A private school for boys was also set up in 1933 as New Park. The operations of the school merged with the middle and junior sections of St Leonards to become St Leonards-New Park in 2005.[69]
The University of St Andrews which is the third oldest English-speaking university and the oldest university in Scotland was founded between 1410 and 1413.[70] A charter for the university was issued by Bishop Henry Wardlaw between 1411 and 1412 and this was followed by Avignon Pope Benedict XIII granting university status to award degrees to students in 1413.[45][70] The school initially started out as a society for learned men in the fields of canon law, the arts and divinity.[70] The chapel and college of St John the Evangelist became the first building to have ties with the university in 1415.[45] The two original colleges to be associated with the university were St Salvator in 1450 by Bishop James Kennedy and St Leonard in 1512 by archbishop Alexander Stewart and prior James Hepburn.[45]
Sport and recreation[edit]
Golf[edit]
Main articles: Old Course at St Andrews and Golf in Scotland
The Old Course at St Andrews
St Andrews is known widely as the "home of golf".[71] According to the earliest surviving document from 1552, the "playing at golf" on the links adjacent to the "water of eden" was granted permission by Archbishop Hamilton.[71] The most famous golf course in the town is the Old Course, purchased by the town council in 1894.[72] The course which dates back to medieval times, is an Open Championship course – which was first staged in 1873.[18][73] Famous winners at St Andrews have included: Old Tom Morris (1861, 1862, 1867 and 1874), Bobby Jones (1927 and 1930 British Amateur), Jack Nicklaus (1970 and 1978) and Tiger Woods (2000 and 2005).[73][74] According to Jack Nicklaus, "if a golfer is going to be remembered, he must win at St Andrews".[73] There are seven golf courses in total – Old, New, Jubilee, Eden, Strathtyrum, Balgove and the Castle - surrounding the western approaches of the town.[72][73] The seventh golf course (the Castle) was added in 2007 at Kinkell Braes, designed by David McLay Kidd.[73]
Other leisure facilities in the town include a canoe club;[75] junior football team; rugby club (known as Madras Rugby Club); tennis club; university sports centre and a links golf driving range. The East Sands Leisure Centre, which opened in 1988, sits on the outskirts of the town as the town's swimming pool with gym facilities. The University of St Andrews have expressed plans to provide a new multimillion-pound leisure centre to replace East Sands.[76]
West Sands Beach[edit]
West Sands, looking towards St Andrews
West Sands Beach in St Andrews, Scotland,[77][78][79][80] served as the set for the opening scene in the movie Chariots of Fire.[79][80][81][82] This scene was reenacted during the 2012 Olympics torch relay.[83][84] The beach was also featured in the 2012 Summer Olympics Opening Ceremony[85][86]
The 2-mile-long (3 km) beach is adjacent to the famous St Andrews Links golf course.[87] Sand dunes on the beach, which have long protected the golf course, are themselves in danger of eroding away, and are the subject of a restoration project.[88]
Places of interest[edit]
Lade Braes Walk[edit]
Remains of Law Mill at the head of the Lade Braes Walk in St Andrews, Fife
The Lade Braes Walk is a scenic public footpath of about 1 1⁄2 miles (2.4 km) that follows the route of a medieval mill lade through St Andrews.[89] The walk starts in the town centre near Madras College and runs roughly westward, through Cockshaugh Park to Law Mill.[90] The lade's function was to transport water from a higher upstream point on the Kinness Burn to the water mill in the grounds of St Andrews Cathedral Priory where it arrived at an elevated level simply by following the contours of the land. It may have been built before 1144.[91] In the late 19th century, the lade was covered over and the area from Cockshaugh Park to Law Mill was landscaped and planted with trees.[92] The remains of Law Mill, its grain drying kiln and water wheel are a category C listed building.[93] A Brae is an old Scots word for the high ground adjoining a river bank.[94]
Museum of the University of St Andrews[edit]
The Museum of the University of St Andrews is a small museum dedicated to the history of the University of St Andrews. The museum, which is free to enter, looks at the University's foundation, student life at the University, and innovative ideas and inventions associated with staff, students, and alumni. The museum also shows a range of temporary exhibitions on different themes. Highlights of the displays include the University's three medieval maces, which are rare examples of ornate ceremonial University maces from the 15th century, and a large astrolabe dating from 1575.[95]
St Andrews Botanic Garden[edit]
The St Andrews Botanic Garden is an 18-acre botanical garden in the Canongate suburb to the south of the town. It contains more than 8000 species of native and exotic plants. These are laid out in zones of woodland, meadow, shrubbery, herbaceous bedding, a large rockery and a series of ponds. There are also vegetable and herb gardens, and several large greenhouses, one of which contains a butterfly house.[96]
St Andrews Museum[edit]
The St Andrews Museum is a municipal museum focusing on the history of the town of St Andrews in St Andrews established in 1991 it is located in Kinburn Park. It holds a collection of objects of historical value that are related to the town from the earliest times up to the twentieth century.[97] It is located in the historic Kinburn house named after the Battle of Kindurn during the Crimean war.
St Andrews Aquarium[edit]
The St Andrews Aquarium is located on the cliff foot of the Scores overlooking West Sands. As well as over 100 fish species on display there are also penguins and meerkats.[98]
International relations[edit]
As of St. Andrew's Day 2015, the town is formally twinned with the French medieval town of Loches, with whom it had previously shared a cultural exchange for over 2 decades.[99]
All Saints Church, St Andrews
Bishop of St Andrews
Celtic art – Pictish stones at St Andrews.
The New Picture House
St Nicholas Hospital, St Andrews
St Andrews Community Hospital
St Andrews Botanic Garden
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^ Pride Kingdom of Fife p.121.
^ Historic Environment Scotland. "St Andrews Castle (SM90259)". Retrieved 21 March 2019.
^ Historic Environment Scotland. "St Andrews, South Street, Blackfriars' Chapel (34336)". Canmore. Retrieved 4 August 2010.
^ Historic Environment Scotland. "St Andrews, St Nicholas Farm (34312)". Canmore. Retrieved 4 August 2010.
^ "list of primary schools in Fife". Fife Council. Archived from the original on 20 February 2012. Retrieved 5 March 2010.
^ "Cannongate Primary School". Fife Council. Retrieved 8 March 2010.
^ "Lawhead Primary School". Fife Council. Retrieved 8 March 2010.
^ a b c Lamont-Brown St Andrews – A City By The Northern Sea pp177–178
^ "Madras College info, fifedirect". Fife Council. Retrieved 21 February 2009.
^ Johnston, Kristen (9 January 2012). "Council's Madras plan 'fails pupils'". The Courier. p. 1&7.
^ "New Madras College options to be considered by committee". Fife Council. 28 October 2011.
^ a b c "Madras College decision spark outrage in St Andrews". St Andrews Herald. 18 November 2011.
^ a b Alexander, Michael (8 June 2012). "Madras College families facing yet more uncertainty after Kilrymont plan put on ice". The Courier.
^ a b c Lamont-Brown St Andrews – City By The Northern Sea pp183–185.
^ a b c Lamont-Brown Fife in History and Legend p.83.
^ a b Pride Kingdom of Fife p.118.
^ a b Lamont-Brown St Andrews – City by The Northern Sea p.85.
^ a b c d e Lamont-Brown Fife in History and Legend pp.224–227.
^ http://canoe.st-andrews.ac.uk[permanent dead link]
^ "What does the future hold for St Andrews leisure centre?". St Andrew Citizen. 10 January 2008. Retrieved 4 March 2009.
^ "British Beaches". Retrieved 20 May 2013.
^ "Trip Advisor". Retrieved 20 May 2013.
^ a b "Keep Scotland Beautiful". Retrieved 20 May 2013.
^ a b "Fife.gov". Retrieved 20 May 2013.
^ "Youtube – Chariots of Fire opening scene". Retrieved 20 May 2013.
^ "Chariots of Fire legacy keeps on running in St Andrews". BBC News site. 31 May 2012. Retrieved 20 May 2013.
^ "Chariots of Fire beach scene re-enacted on Olympic Torch relay". The Mirror. 13 June 2012. Retrieved 20 May 2013.
^ "Olympic Torch relay gets Chariots of Fire treatment on West Sands beach". Metro. 13 June 2012. Retrieved 20 May 2013.
^ "High Speed Dirt – West Sands St Andrews". Archived from the original on 24 October 2012. Retrieved 20 May 2013.
^ "You Tube – Rowan Atkinson Sequence – Opening Ceremony – London 2012 Olympic Games". Retrieved 20 May 2013.
^ West Sands Beach in St Andrews, Scotland, Keep Scotland Beautiful
^ "Beach Awards - Keep Scotland Beautiful". coastal.keepscotlandbeautiful.org.
^ "Lade Braes". Retrieved 16 May 2014.
^ "Lade Braes Walk – The Sinner's Guide to St Andrews". Archived from the original on 17 May 2014. Retrieved 16 May 2014.
^ Smart, RN (1991). Notes on the Water Mills of St Andrews (1989) in 'Three Decades of Historical Notes' (ed. M Innes & J Whelan) p.179.
^ "History of the Lade Braes". Retrieved 2 June 2014.
^ "Buildings at Risk Register, Law Mill". Retrieved 16 May 2014.
^ "Dictionary of the Scots Language :: SND :: Brae n.1". www.dsl.ac.uk. Retrieved 14 March 2017.
^ Ian Carradice, MUSA Guide Book (2008), pp.1-13
^ "St Andrews Botanic Garden | Home". St Andrews Botanic Garden. Retrieved 15 April 2018.
^ "St Andrews Museum, St Andrews – Museums". Visit Scotland. Retrieved 15 April 2018.
^ "St Andrews Aquarium". www.standrewsaquarium.co.uk. Retrieved 16 April 2018.
^ "St Andrews twinning pact signed in saint's celebrations".
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "St Andrews". Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
Lamont-Brown, Raymond (2002). Fife in History and Legend. Edinburgh: John Donald. ISBN 0-85976-567-9.
Lamont-Brown, Raymond (2006). St Andrews:city by the northern sea. Edinburgh: Birlinn Publishing. ISBN 1-84158-450-9.
Omand, Donald (2000). The Fife Book.
Pride, Glen L. (1999). The Kingdom of Fife (2nd ed.). Edinburgh: Rutland Press. ISBN 1-873190-49-2.
St Andrewsat Wikipedia's sister projects
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Engraving of a view of St Andrews by James Fittler in the digitised copy of Scotia Depicta, or the antiquities, castles, public buildings, noblemen and gentlemen's seats, cities, towns and picturesque scenery of Scotland, 1804 at National Library of Scotland
The Lade Braes
Topics on St Andrews
Barron Theatre
Byre Theatre
New Picture House
Ladies' Golf Union
Old Course
Swilken Bridge
The Royal and Ancient
Strathtyrum
St Andrews Sarcophagus
British Golf Museum
Museum of the University of St Andrews
St Andrews Castle
St Andrews Museum
Religious houses,
Greyfriars
Hospital of St Leonard
Hospital of St Nicholas
St Andrews Cathedral Priory
St Leonard's Chapel
St Mary's Collegiate Church
St Salvator's Chapel
Madras College
St Leonards School
New Park School
University colleges,
St Leonard's College
St Mary's College
The Pedagogy
St Salvator's College
United College
East Sands
Kinness burn
West Sands
Siege of St Andrews Castle
Bishops and Archbishops of St Andrews
Known pre-Norman era Bishops
Cellach I
Fothad I
Máel Ísu I
Cellach II
Máel Muire
Máel Ísu II
Ailín
Máel Dúin
Túathal
Fothad II
Giric
Cathróe
Scoto-Norman era Bishops
Turgot of Durham
Robert of Scone
Ernald
Richard the Chaplain
Hugh the Chaplain
John Scotus
Roger de Beaumont
Geoffrey de Liberatione
William de Malveisin
David de Bernham
Robert de Stuteville
Abel de Gullane
Gamelin
William Wishart
William Fraser
William de Lamberton
James Bane
William de Landallis
Stephen de Pa
Walter Trail
Walter de Danielston
Gilbert de Greenlaw
Henry Wardlaw
Patrick Graham
Pre-Reformation Archbishops
William Scheves
James Stewart, Duke of Ross
John Hepburn
Cardinal Innocenzo Cybo
Andrew Forman
James Beaton
Cardinal David Beaton
Gavin Hamilton
Post-Reformation Archbishops
John Douglas
Patrick Adamson
George Gledstanes
John Spottiswoode
James Sharp
Alexander Burnet
Arthur Rose
Afterwards, see also: Episcopal Archbishops of St Andrews, Bishops of St Andrews, Dunkeld and Dunblane (etc.) & Roman Catholic Archbishops of St Andrews and Edinburgh (etc.)
World Heritage Site 'Tentative List' applicants in Scotland
2006 applicants
The Flow Country
(Cairngorm Mountains)
Mousa, Old Scatness and Jarlshof: The Crucible of Iron Age Shetland
(Arbroath Abbey)
(Buildings of Charles Rennie Mackintosh, Glasgow)
(St Andrews, Medieval Burgh and Links)
Names in brackets have not been placed on the Tentative List
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