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December 14, 2016 January 28, 2019 Luke J. Letlow
History of Providence Baptist Church of Alto
Written by Mrs. Earline Williams Sartor, 1957
Submitted by Dianne Abraham
There is an old jingle that goes like this, "Backward, turn backward, O Time, in your flight, Make me a child again, just for tonight." May we paraphrase this by saying, Backward, turn backward, O time, just for today, Give us a view of Providence Church along history's highway. Of course in reviewing the history of this church, personalities must be our greatest factor; for a church is a body of baptized believers, who have been born again into newness of life through faith in Jesus, the only begotten son of God, Creator of the Universe.
So in making our research of Providence Church, how true we find the Scripture, Train up a child in the way he should go, and when he is old he will no depart from it. Because we find the children, grandchildren and great-grandchildren of the pioneer members of Providence Church the great percentage of membership to day.
In 1881 a young man, Mr. Ashby, placed his letter in Providence Baptist Church. He became a deacon and one of the strong influences in leading this church into broad paths of usefulness. The home of this man and his wife gave to the church on of its most talented members, Viola Ashby Hale, teacher, pianist, Sunday School secretary for many years. Viola Ashley was married to Mr. J.A. Hale, who came from a strong Baptist home of Union Parish.
The present members of Providence Church who came from the Ashby and Hale home are: Mrs. Jim Sartor and her daughter, Miss Louise Sartor, Clarence Hale Henington, Ann Hale Billingsly.
This year 1881 gave another strong and devoted Baptist to Providence Church, Mrs. Eliza Ann Balfour Sartor, wife of Dr. Daniel Ryan Sartor, one of Alto's most beloved citizens. This home gave the following members to our church: Mrs. Jim Sartor, Mrs. D. Ryan Sartor and Mrs. Frank Sartor. These came into Providence Church by marriage into the Sartor home. Frank Balfour Sartor was called into his Heavenly Home from Alto Church in November, 1934. He left this church Dr. Fred W. Sartor, Dr. Daniel W. Sartor, Dr. George M. Sartor. From the Ryan Sartor home Mr. Daniel Ryan Sartor, Jr., is an active member, and from the Jim Sartors we have Martha Louise. Several of the Dr. and Mrs. D.R. Sartor's sons and their children are Methodist, as was our beloved Dr. D.R. Sartor.
In turning the pages of memory from 1881 we found the record of 1855. We found the prevailing influence that led Providence Church in joining the five other churches to form Bayou Macon Association was Mr. John A. Hemler. They met at old Deerfield Church near Delhi. The members of Providence Church who claim Mr. Hemler as progenitor are very numerous, including Mr. John A. Hemler, Jr., and his wife, Mr. and Mrs. Will Hemler, Mrs. Mary Hemler McCoy, Dr. Larkin Hemler and his wife, Mrs. Bennie F. Hemler, Mrs. Lovie D. McCoy, one of our beloved deacons, Mr. McCoy is now church clerk. Other members of this family, also, are Mr. and Mrs. Martin Hemler, Mrs. Elizabeth Hemler Adcock, who was a faithful worker of former years. A member of the Hemler clan by marriage was a strong former deacon, Mr. Lemuel M McCoy, great grandfather of our own Lem McCoy of the Beginners Class of our Sunday School.
Into the McCoy home in December 1910 came a young business associate of Mr. McCoy's, John A. Ball, who placed his letter in this church in 1913. Mr. Ball has been a faithful Sunday School superintendent for a period of 43 years. Mr. Ball was married in 1916 to Miss Lucille Lyles, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Will? Lyles. Mrs. Ball came from the pioneer members of the Boughtons, as Mrs. Lyles was Miss Frances Boughton. Many members of Providence Church of "ye olden day" came from this Boughton family, as well as from the Boies family.
We could not write a history of this church without mentioning the work of a former member, Emma McCoy Driskell, granddaughter of Mr. John A. Hemler.
In thinking of our theme, "Train up a child in the way he should go," we think of the home of Mr. and Mrs. L.S. Mulhern and the many true and faithful members of that home who are now leading workers of our church, such as the deacon L.J. Mulhern and wife, Mrs. Belle Hicks and Mrs. Mary E. Spoede, the Cox family, childen of Pat Mulhern, who was called home several years ago, and our most consecrated and devoted member, Mrs. Edna Earle Thomason1, who is not discouraged about her Lord's work, but works on and on in teaching Sunday School class and leading us into better W.M.U. work. Miss Edna is also from our pioneer members, the Earles. Miss Edna gave her heart to Jesus at an early age, having been baptized and reeived into the church in 1895.
Just here our thoughts go to the Thomason family, as Miss Edna married Mr. M.D. Thomason, a leading citizen and business man of Alto. From this Thomason family we find these members of our church, Deacon E.E. Thomason and wife, the former Vera Brown, who sings the gospel message to all; Mr. and Mrs. M.D. Thomason, Jr., A.D. Thomason and family.
Another pioneer couple of Providence Church were Randall and Sue Brown. From this home came a host of good workers to Alto Baptist Church, namely, Deacon and Mrs. Will Brown and their children, Deacon and Mrs. Douglas Brown and children, Deacon and Mrs. Claude Brown and children, Deacon and Mrs. Lonnie R. Brown and children, Deacon and Mrs. Archie Brown and son, Mr. and Mrs. Edmund Ray Brown, Miss Dorothy Brown. Then from these pioneer members came Deacon A.H. Brown and wife who was Miss Ina Jones, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. W.W. Jones. Mrs. Ina Jones Brown united with Providence Church in 1896, at the age of 17 years. From the A.H. Brown home came our faithful Mrs. Irma Brown Mulhern, our Deacon R.B. McKay came into the church membership from the Randall Brown family, as he married Miss Jennie Brown. This McKay home has meant much to Providence Church.
Another pioneer family who was present at that 1855 meeting at old Deerfield was Mr. Louis Bledsoe, grandfather of Mrs. Bennie F. Hemler, who now is one of our best teachers in all departments of Providence Church. One of the song leaders, Kay Hemler Stovall is a great-granddaughter of Mr. Bledsoe.
No family has contributed more to the church than the Varners. Mr. George Varner gave the land for the Alto Presbyterian Church, as well as the land for the Alto School. The Duff family contributed several fervent members to Providence Church in years past. Faith of Our Father, lead on.
Families who have come to us since these pioneers mentioned are: Deacon and Mrs. B.E. Roberts, children and grandchildren; Mr. and Mrs. J.M. Roberts, children and grandchildren; Deacon and Mrs. Hoben and children; the Lee family, McGehees, Terrys, Mr. Frank Foster, who contributes to the work of the church choir; Deacon C.D. Martin and wife, daughters and son, Robert, who is now choir director, and is very faithful; Deacon and Mrs. M.L. Smith and three talented sons.
Then we have thoughts of the Hixon family of early days. From this family comes to worship with us now Mr. and Mrs. Franklin Hixon. A connected family of the Hixons is that of Mr. and Mrs. John R. Holdiness, their son, Lynn; Mr. and Mrs. Harry McKay and daughter, Mr. and Mrs. Eugene Johnson and daughters. Nancy Holdiness Johnson is the church organist while Bennie Holdiness McKay, Sallie Lyles Brown and Peggie Sue Brown are pianists. Hazel Edna Hoben is B.T.U. pianist. The Providence Church indeed has musical talent.
In years gone by no members have done more for Providence Church than Bro. J.A. Mhoon as teacher and leader, and Mrs. Minnie Sutton Washington, whose husband, Dr. W.P. Washington, was a direct descendant of the Father of our Country, George Washington. Mrs. Minnie Washington worked in every department of our church, but her greatest work was with the Women's Missionary Union. Here she left to the Baptists of Louisiana a complete copy of herself in the person of her daughter, Mrs. Minnie Washington Hartman, of Farmerville, LA.
Providence Baptist Church has at this time a fine group of teachers for 1957. Mr. L.J. Mulhern, Men's Bible Class; Mrs. Edna Thomason, Ladies' Bible Class Number 1; Mrs. Earl Thomason, Ladies' Bible Class Number 2; Mrs. L.R. Hemler, Young Married Class; Mr. Jimmy Hoben, Senior Class; Mrs. Earline Sartor, Intermediate Class; Deacons C.D. Martin and Claud Brown, Junior Class; Mrs. B.E. Roberts, Primary Class; Mrs. J.L. Strittman, Beginner Class; Mrs. John Holdiness, Cradle Roll; Mrs. Annie Brown, Mrs. John McCoy, Jr., Mrs. Edgar Roberts, are also workers in this department. Mrs. L.J. Mulhern, pianist, and Mrs. Earl Thomason song leader, Mrs. M.L. Smith, Home Extension Department.
Providence Baptist Church has had, through the years, consecrated pastors. We did not find the name of the first pastor, or the date of the organization of the church. We can only date from 1855 and Providence must have been several years old at this time.
Some of the former pastors were Rev. W.W. Nash, so record goes, "Entered on the pastoral duties of the church on Sunday before the second Saturday in February, 1868." We also found that a Dr. William Bulger recorded in an old Bible of Providence Church that "Rev. Joel Heath, pastor of our church, passed over as quietly as the ebb of the tide, calm, gentle and serene. He died as he lived." Then we found the date 1865. Rev. J.A. Rhymes and Rev. Miller, also Rev. Hughes were three of our early pastors. Rev. J.W. Tinnin came about 1915 or 1916. C.M. Corley in 1918 was the first full time pastor, but the church went back to half time. Rev. A.C. Hold was found pastor in 1927. In 1919 we had no pastor. Rev. L.T. Grantham was pastor in 1922; Rev. J.B. Polk about 1924; Rev. E.M. Daffin in 1932 or '33. In 1934 Rev. C.W. Williams was pastor. Total membership was then 133 or 134; church property was valued at $2000, and the church budget was $1106.25. Gift to missions, Children's Home, etc., was $189.24.
This church has given to the harvest one minister, Rev. J.C. Clement. Bro. Clement came from the home of Deacon Clement and his wife, the former Lucy Landers. Their children have meant so much to our church. Mrs. Mittie Lindow Clement came to us by letter as Miss Mittie Young, her sisters also placed their membership with our church. Mrs. Mittie Clement is the widow of the late J.A. Clement, and is one of our most worthy members.
In 1938 Rev. H.G. Hammons came. His salary was $787.50. Our later pastors were Rev. Hall Peyton, Rev. John Green, Rev. Wallace, Rev. Allen Buckley, Rev. W.L. Blackwell, Rec. J.L. Strittman.
Providence Church has, through the years, more than 102, been as a lighthouse set on a hill, whose rays of light have flashed the Gospel to all the world, both home and foreign fields, even to the isles of the sea. All because these pastors noble led a strong membership into paths of right living. Research further states that Rev. O.P. Miles was pastor in 1887. Like pastor, like people, as an old adage which proved true in the leadership of these pastors. Each one made a definite contribution to the church, but all had a deep desire to give Jesus to a lost world. God bless all churches and their pastors.
In thinking of our present pastor, Rev. Strittman and his wife, we are reminded of the words dedication and humility, love and understanding of childhood and youth, and wonderful courage against adversity.
One of the greatest improvements has been along the line of stewardship of time and possessions. Whereas we had a half time church in 1938 with a yearly salary of $787.50, we have in 1957 full time with a salary of $4,200, with an expense account for the pastor of $600. Improvement has come in Bible study as well as in other study courses. The church has established a good library with books available for all reading levels.
On Sunday, May 26, in the year of our Lord 1957, we find Providence Baptist Church pressing onward. She is not the struggling church of 1855. Yet, what she is today stands as a memorial to the living faith of those fathers from 1855 even to 1957.
We leave her, Providence Baptist Church, in a "House by the side of the road," where many lost people go by; Some who are good, some who are bad, even as you and I.
She would not sit in the scorner's seat, or hail a cynic's band.
Let Providence Church dwell in a house by the side of the road,
And be a friend to man.
By Mrs. Earline W. Sartor
Hemler
Holdiness
Mhoon
Thomason
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Mr. M. Enkhbat, The branch manager of the PEA in Dundgobi aimag presents it translation into Mongolian the publication "The state of the development of European political parties at the entrance to the 21st century and its future trend". This work argues that European political parties established due to the parliamentary structure of the governance and describes how the way divide them by their organisational structure together with the historic explanation of the definition of right and left side political parties. The paper brought to you overview of the changes in the political life in Europe in the late 20th century with the fall of the Berlin wall, and the collapse of the communist regime, led by USSR. It also touches ongoing changes among left wing parties and innovations in the politics of the social-democratic parties of the Europe. Interesting fact was presented in the paper, as how the ideas of Tony Blair and Gerhard Schroeder's Manifest of the "Socia-Liberalism" became the core of the concept of the "new democracy", "new labourite" and "new centre". Further the article considers issues of the changes in the values of the right wing parties, fundamental rightists activities, and co-operations of the political parties within the European community.
Mr. S. Munkhsaikhan, teacher of the Darkhan Uul branch of the PEA: "Innovation theory and Asia". The publication discusses interrelations between high level of economic development and sustained democracy. The author argues that Asia is the best example of the successful combination of the economic well being and democracy. He also describes pattern of the development of South East Asian countries as wave and stepwise pattern.
Mr. S. Munkhsaikhan also published his paper titled "Whether Asian democracy can go through Confucianist tradition or it will dissolve in it". Singaporean leaders developed an idea that authoritarian regime based on Confucian tradition better fits Asian grounds where discipline is more preferable than western human right based organisation of the society. The author employed other researchers suggestion based on these countries high economic growth and political liberalisation, that there are may be some specific type of development strategy or path in South East Asian countries, which can fruitfully interact with the Asian type of production process, and requires extensive government involvement in the market functioning.
P. Narantsetseg, Ph.D. student of the PEA: "Globalisation and management pattern". Author assumed that future state of the development and its trend depends upon Government's and business decision makers will, academics and the management pattern achievements or result of co-operations. Hence it is required to improve Mongolian type of management pattern in an environment of globalisation. The paper discusses terminology of globalisation and describes specifics of the Mongolian type of management pattern and suggested possible ways to improve management pattern. As author suggested the improvement may be determined by the factors such as strategy, human factor, a state of the pattern, psychological and ethical factors.
A. Pagma, the PEA staff translated into Mongolian the article by Phillip K. Shmitter "A contradictions of the democracy and its challenge" published in the "Russian Journal". The article devoted to the problems and contradictions generated in the transitional period after totalitarian regime and challenges facing democracy. For instance, democracy in some countries of South America, Eastern Europe, and Asia can be characterised as missing consolidation of democracy. Internal problems of the countries, newly entered in the democratic regime such as oligarchy, separation from politics, "policy in the circuit" problem, independent guidance, and interdependence are waiting for their solutions. There are also many external problems going through which asks to have clear line in the discipline. Article also touches danger of the using government power and authority to personal interest by those in the position at the different level of the government involvement in an economy.
Ts. Angarag, the PEA staff reports survey result analysis, conducted since 1994, by the PEA under the title "Issue of the democracy consolidation". He pointed out that a change in the value of the democracy attracts an attention. The survey result shows that now people value more things like equality, human rights, freedom, independence, and autonomous, independent justice system. Generally people don't favour or valued less than before things like competition, free press, parliamentary governance and many party system. Writer also expressed his opinion how avoid non-consolidated democracy.
Mr. B. Altansukh, the PEA staff, translated article "Does history began again?" by Francis Fukuyama published in the "National Interest". The article brought to your attention an idea of the collapse of the believe, that Americans and social value of America revealed in the democracy, human rights, freedom, legally governed discipline and wealth of the national based on the economic freedom, are became a goal of the civilisation and American society attracts multicultural people, after September 11 terrorist attack. The author defined culture as the combination of the religious believes, social custom, and tradition. So, therefore, any of the societies are very reluctant in changing traditional values which goes deep in historic roots. Hence, it could be too naive to expect wide acceptance of the American culture since it uses active propaganda of its superiority. In addition to that, the article discusses what makes different an Islamic world from others and came to the conclusion that the religion guided policy may push people to the ever ending conflicts. At the end writer concludes the conflict between western liberal democracy and conservative Islamic approach is not a conflict between cultural worlds.


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Built with a Marson high-performance mini scan engine, MT1095 has optimal scanning efficiency and accuracy with scanning width of 14cm and reading distance from 4cm to 25cm on commodity barcodes and ensuring barcodes can be easily read within 1/10 of a second. MT1095 supports high-density barcode up to 4mil (0.1mm).
With auto-adaptive high-speed scanning at a maximum of 650 scans per second based on environment lighting, MT1095 easily captures any barcodes on either printed paper or the LCD screen of smart phone or tablet. MT1095 is also capable of reading barcodes under ambient light condition from complete darkness to direct sunlight making it possible to operate in both indoor and outdoor applications.
As classified by Photo-biological Safety Standard EN/IEC 62471, the light source of MT1095 is completely safe for human eyes even after long hours operation. With built-in buzzer and user-friendly trigger button, MT1095 provides instinctive and better user experience. MT1095 is also easily configured on the host computer by Marson's free user-friendly software tool, Ez Utility®.


Copyright (c) 2018 Neven Boyanov, The Tinusaur Team. All Rights Reserved.
Distributed as open source software under MIT License, see LICENSE.txt file.
Retain in your source code the link http://tinusaur.org to the Tinusaur project.
This is documentation for the Blocktinu project.


According to The Palms of Madagascar (Dransfield and Beentje 1995), there are 140 different species in the genus Dypsis . The book was published in 1995, and a few more species have been described since. I believe there could easily be another dozen species that are in cultivation, but have not yet been described. In other words, there may be close to 160 different species. I have about half of that number in cultivation here in our garden on the windward side of the island of Hawai'i. Rather than attempting to cover all 80, or so, species, I decided to concentrate on 20 of the more fascinating ones, and to simplify it even further I'm breaking these 20 up in two different groups. Ten species, where the identity (I believe!) is known, in this article, and an additional ten "mystery Dypsis " in a separate article.
Since I began to plant palms here in March 1996, I have planted more Dypsis palms than palms of any other genus. Needless to say, I have lost a few, for a variety of reasons, but the overwhelming number of my Dypsis palms have not only survived, but thrived. Even though we are probably a few degrees cooler, on average, than northern Madagascar, home to most Dypsis , I believe that our environment is very close to that of most of the Dypsis palms. Some are really fast and some are definitely on the slow side, but I have yet to plant a single Dypsis that doesn't seem to be right at home here! Of the ten species covered in this article, I'm close to 100% certain of the identity of six of them, while I believe four still need to be confirmed. The four are identified below.
After considerable consideration, I have decided to use a mix of metric and non-metric measurements (in both articles). Non-metric for general information, and metric for more precise measurements, and for easy comparison with The Palms of Madagascar . Measurements for leaflets (width and length) in both articles refer to the largest leaflets.
Dypsis bejofo: The Palms of Madagascar calls this palm "one of the most impressive palms of Madagascar" (page 146), and I'm sure it is. This is one of the four that I would like to get a confirmation on. It may very well be that the ones I have in the ground are indeed the true D. bejofo , but up to this point they don't quite look like the one on page 146! Now, I have to admit, that's a real tall palm, and none of mine have begun to form a trunk yet, so who knows what can happen! BUT, I have 32 of these in the ground, and every single one displays the same reddish/brownish color on the base and on the new spike, and I don't see that in the photo. I acquired the 32 I have on three different occasions; in 1996, 1998 and in 2001, but based on the size of these plants when I acquired them, I'm fairly confident that they all came from the same seed batch, probably germinated some time in 1994, which would make them all about ten years old. I would consider their growth rate as moderate, and as with many other palms they will produce much more vigorous growth if planted in a generous amount of good soil. Some of my bigger specimens have new spikes that are about 20 feet long. Standing next to one of these monsters, which still does not have a trunk, and looking up towards the new spike is quite impressive. These palms hold about seven "good" fronds at any given time. The petiole is about 80 cm long and there are 110-115 leaflets on each side of the rachis, arranged in two planes, with 2-5 cm intervals between each group of 1-3 leaflet. Each leaflet is 5-6 cm wide and 100-105 cm long. This doesn't seem to quite agree with The Palms of Madagascar which reports 80-100 leaflets on each side of the rachis, arranged in groups of 5-7.
Dypsis carlsmithii : This palm has a fascinating background. Donn Carlsmith planted one of these on his property at Onomea Bay, 4 miles north of Hilo, about 30 years ago, presumably not knowing exactly what kind of palm it was. It grew to become an impressive specimen, and began to produce viable seeds, certainly by the early 1990s, and possibly before that. Jeff Marcus of Floribunda Palms collected seeds on numerous occasions, and sold the palm as Dypsis sp. "stumpy" through his Floribunda Palms. About two years ago, Jeff was instrumental in helping John Dransfield describe the palm, naming it after Donn Carlsmith. Donn unfortunately passed away in February 2003, a year later. As far as I know, D. carlsmithii has never been found in the wild, so this specimen is the only known one that's producing seeds. I have a number of these palms, and again, I would consider the growth rate as moderate. My tallest one is about 14 feet tall, and it's probably a couple of years away from forming a trunk. The diameter at the base is about 10 inches. It's a very attractive palm with its deeply recurved fronds and light green color. Interestingly, the very first D. carlsmithii that I planted did not come from Floribunda Palms, but from Kapoho Palms. Ken Foster, who passed away in December 2002, ran his own seed business through most of the 1990s, and also collected seeds from the Carlsmith mother plant. In March 1996 I bought five seedlings from Kapoho Palms under the name ' Dypsis prestoniana ', and planted them a few months later. Not knowing what a small D. prestoniana looked like (and I still don't!) I had no reason to question the name. (Ken, after going through The Palms of Madagascar , had concluded, based on his own observations, that the Carlsmith palm was a D. prestoniana ). About four years later, in 2000, it was becoming fairly obvious that this was, in fact, the same palm that Jeff Marcus was selling as "Stumpy". To add to the confusion, I acquired a few more seedlings from Kapoho Palms in 1998 under the name Dypsis sp. #15, and by early 2001 I realized that these were also identical to "Stumpy". Fortunately, by 2002 we had a proper name for this truly unique palm!
Dypsis decipiens : No mysteries here! As we all know, this is an impressive palm. Its home is the Central Plateau of Madagascar, which is I believe is a fairly dry area. Despite this, it grows extremely well here in our rain forest environment. My only problem has been that a few of the D. decipiens that I planted are now shaded out by other much faster growing palms, and D. decipiens is a palm that thrives in full sun. I have planted a group of them in a very open and exposed area, and they are all doing extremely well, but they've only been in the ground for three years, and they were planted from 1 and 3 gallon pots! In other words, they are still fairly small, only about 2-3 feet tall. My tallest one is only about ten feet tall, overall height, and it's been in the ground for eight years! As far as growth rate goes, D. decipiens probably falls a little bit short of being considered 'moderate'!
Dypsis faneva : The only small Dypsis in this article, but a very attractive, clustering, palm. I have about half a dozen, and all were acquired in 1999 and 2000 from Floribunda Palms, all as 1 gallon plants. They are now all about 10-12 feet tall, and most of them are producing viable seeds. This is definitely a fast growing palm. With its colorful speckled stems and crownshafts and fronds that range from almost entire to feather type, there seems to be quite a bit of variability within the species.
Dypsis lanceolata : I acquired a number of these in early 2002, so my experience is fairly limited, but this one is definitely in the "fast" group when it comes to growth rate. Even so, mine are only about 6 feet tall, and they are just beginning to form trunk. This is another clustering palm, with very wide and plumose leaflets and the typical whitish green Dypsis trunk. A beautiful palm and a definite winner!
Dypsis lastelliana : One of my favorite Dypsis ! A more massive palm than the similar looking D. leptocheilos , but also slower growing, even though I would still rate it as 'moderate', once it gets going! As a small plant, it's definitely on the slow side. I have D. lastelliana that only have about 6-7 feet of trunk, but their overall height is 30-35 feet. With its thick trunk, very erect and long fronds this is indeed an impressive palm. One of my bigger specimens, with about 8-9 feet of trunk, is just now beginning to produce its first inflorescences.
Dypsis mananjarensis : Definitely the slowest of all the ten Dypsis species in this article. Seedlings that were planted in 1999 from 4 inch pots are today only about 4 feet tall. These are going to be big palms one day, but I'm not quite sure when that will be! They have fairly wide leaflets, and open up with a red new frond. They only hold about four "good" fronds at any given time. It's much too early to draw any conclusions regarding the correct identity of this palm, but The Palms of Madagascar reports that the leaflets are slightly irregular, in groups of 3-7, in several planes. Up to this point, that doesn't seem to be the case with my small specimens, which all have very regular leaflets in one plane! So this may be something else!
Dypsis nauseosa : This is the third palm that I'm not quite 100% certain of, and a confirmation of its identity would be welcome. Most of the ones I have were acquired under the name Dypsis ceracea (which hasn't been seen in the wild for more than 50 years!), a few were acquired as D. tsaravoasira , and one as Dypsis sp. "bambou"! Most were acquired as small 1 gallon plants, but within a couple of years their similar characteristics became fairly obvious. They have rather wide leaflets and long fronds (but not quite as long as D. lastelliana !). One very interesting aspect is that smaller specimens tend to look somewhat lopsided because each new frond is roughly 50% longer than the previous frond! The two tallest specimens in our garden were planted from 5 gallon pots in November 1997, and today, seven years later they are both about 20-22 feet tall with 2-3 feet of trunk. The crownshaft is very short, and when an old frond falls off, it's surprisingly heavy. New fronds open up with a somewhat pinkish tint, but this doesn't last long. According to The Palms of Madagascar , the trunk of D. ceracea will have a diameter of 8-15 cm, while C. nauseosa will have a diameter of 20-25 cm. My two taller specimens both have a trunk diameter of about 23 cm, which would seem to definitely exclude the D. ceracea. Also, the petiole on my bigger specimens is almost non-existent, and there are about 85 leaflets on each side of the rachis. Each leaflet is 4.5 cm wide and 93 cm long. They are arranged in a regular fashion in one plane with about 3.5 cm intervals between the leaflets. Often, a leaflet will split in the center, almost creating the illusion of two (very close) leaflets. The Palms of Madagascar reports 108-131 leaflets for D. nauseosa . Even though my two biggest specimens have started to form trunk, I'm uncertain of whether they will eventually produce fronds with more than the current 85 leaflets.
Dypsis pembana : I was fortunate to be able to buy a 5 gallon, clustering, D. pembana from Kapoho Kai Nursery in April 1996. Jan Anderson, who owns the nursery, only had two of these, and agreed to sell one of them to me. The palm had five stems, and the tallest one was about ten feet tall. Today, eight years later, it still only has five trunks, but its overall height is about 30 feet, with about 20 feet of trunk. D. pembana has what I consider the "typical Dypsis look" (see D. lanceolata above), similar to D. cabadae as well. While D. cabadae is a relatively slow growing palm, D. pembana is one of the fastest in the genus, and should be used much more in commercial landscaping.
Dypsis tsaravoasira : The fourth palm in this article that I'm not 100% certain of. A number of these were actually sold to me as Ravenea madagascariensis , and some were simply sold as Dypsis sp. I have a large number of D. tsaravoasira , partly by design, and partly by sheer coincidence. I bought most of them from Kapoho Palms and Floribunda Palms, but a number of them came from Ho'owaiwai Farms, which is no longer in business. I bought these in December 2000 for $1 each! They were in 5 gallon pots, and the reason for the give-away price was that they had been neglected for a number of years and definitely did not look good. Furthermore, the identity at that time was also definitely unknown. But now, not quite four years later, these palms are about 18 feet tall with 3-5 feet of trunk, and look absolutely spectacular. My very first D. tsaravoasira came from Floribunda Palms in January 1997 in a 1 gallon pot, and was planted in July 1997. Now, seven years later, this palm is 22 feet tall, with 6 feet of trunk. This is definitely one of my favorite Dypsis palms, and the reason is its incredible color. When an old frond and crownshaft falls off, it exposes a trunk that is a dramatic and brilliant yellow to orange. This will fade over time, but on some specimens this process (of gradual fading) can take a couple of months, so by the time most of the color is gone, it's time for the palm to shed another frond, and expose its brilliant color again! In addition to this, D. tsaravoasira also has dark green, beautiful recurving fronds. If I could choose only ONE Dypsis to plant, this would probably be it (but that would be one tough decision!!). My D. tsaravoasira have trunks that are about 15 cm in diameter, while the base can be 30-35 cm in diameter. There is no petiole, and each frond holds 110-115 leaflets on each side of the rachis. Each leaflet is 4 cm wide and 90 cm long, and they are arranged in one plane in a regular fashion with 3-5 cm intervals. The crownshaft is 80-90 cm long and the fronds are up to 4 metres long.
In closing, I'd just like to add that I have had numerous pleasant surprises over the last nine years. Even though it's obviously nice to know what you're buying, the element of surprise can be just as appealing, and that certainly seems to be true with the purchase of many Dypsis palms!


To help you ensure your child gets the best start to their day the following timetable outlines our regular routine. We are a 'no bells' school so staff guide children on the routines of each day, which they quickly become familiar with. Children who arrive promptly come in to class and will have morning work to help them settle and establish a good start to each day's learning opportunities.
In Key Stage One the children are encouraged to become more independent and responsible for their own belongings. A Teacher welcomes the children to school in the morning at the entrance door and the children are encouraged to say goodbye to their parents and carers and come into school themselves. The Teacher is able to take messages back to Class Teachers and we also have experienced Teaching Assistants who offer support and reassurance to our less confident children. We ask that all children in Key Stage One are supervised by a parent or carer before the doors open at 8.50am.
KS2 Children are supervised on the school site from the opening of the gate at 8:40am, by a duty teacher and then by their class teacher once the soft start, morning work doors are open at 8:50am. The Register is taken promptly at 9:00am and a pupil will be marked 'late while registers open' if they arrive after 9:00am or 'late after register closed' if after 9:10am.
Registers are marked promptly for both morning and afternoon sessions. Unauthorised absences are absences for which no parental explanation was offered, or the explanation did not satisfy the relevant criteria.
Occasionally parents are a few minutes late to collect children due to unforeseen circumstances like traffic delays etc. Do always ring ahead to let us know you will be late, if you can, but don't worry, we will keep children who are waiting for an adult at reception or in the library with adult supervision. The same would apply if we have to cancel an after-school club but you are unable to make alternative arrangements in the time available.
This does not affect our duty of care to inform social care if a child is not collected and we cannot contact a known adult within the permitted period of time of 45 minutes according to our protocol for children not collected from school.


text:
Sherando's Metheny Focused on 2008
By: Chris Horne | February 14, 2008 January 19, 2021
Sherando (Stephens City, VA) came up just short of a state title last season, falling to Amherst by a score of 56-12 in the championship game. The game could have, and likely would have, been much closer had the Warriors not lost star junior quarterback Ross Metheny to a broken fibula early in the contest.
"We had just had a great team game against Powhatan [in the state semifinals]," recalled Metheny, who had completed 5-8 passes for 96 yards in state title game before suffering the injury. Sherando had a 10-7 lead before he went down. "Not to take anything away from Amherst, but it was a different ball game earlier. But, you have to take it for what it is. Without a doubt, watching the team try to win a state championship without me was one of the hardest things I've had to do in my life. We lost to a great Amherst team."
The injury has been healing nicely and the 6-3, 190-pound lefty is well on his way towards a full recovery.
"It is going really well," said Metheny. "The doctor is real pleased with everything. I get my walking boot taken away on Friday, so I'll be back in two shoes in a week. Physically, I'm real pleased with it so far. More than anything, mentally trusting it again and getting on the same page physically will be the hardest things to do."
Recruiting-wise, Metheny, who has yet to pick up a Division 1A scholarship offer, has been sending out film and has drawn interest. Coaches from Connecticut, Virginia (Bob Diaco) and Virginia Tech (Billy Hite) are among those that have been in touch. Metheny plans to attend a junior day at the University of Virginia on February 24th and recently received an invite to attend a junior day at the University of Connecticut.
He is anxiously awaiting the first offer, but preparing for the 2008 football season is his top priority.
"You hear things here and there, like this guy might offer or someone else may offer, but when all is said and done it comes down to who actually does it," Metheny said. "I'm not playing basketball because of my ankle, so right now I'm just rehabbing real hard and lifting. Coach Hall and I meet every study hall. We're going over every game last year, breaking down each game. And I have to give our trainer a lot of credit. He has been leading me through and he has my ankle feeling real well."
Metheny, a starter since

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Q: How to run a Fortran (.EXE) file from Win7 32 bit to 64 bit My question is regarding the compilation of a FORTRAN program. I have a Windows 7 32-bit .exe file, generated by compiling a FORTRAN code (F771 compiler), which does not work on 64 bit machine. How do I run this generated .exe file on 64-bit machine?
Is there any necessity to define different syntax during compilation of program for individual bit machine?

A: SimplyFortran is not a compiler, but an IDE designed to work with GNU Fortran compiler. You say your program, after compilation, runs and exits with an error. Is the error really (literally) program get exit after some steps?
I've never used SimplyFortran for a prolonged time, but I doubt someone would make an error description of that kind, it being rather useless in giving a diagnose.
You say your program works fine on RedHat, meaning it is relatively okey, syntax wise. If it is a simple program, could you try compiling it from a command line, and then showing (if such exist) syntax errors that occur, or runtime errors that occur while running?
It is hard to say more based on the given data.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Lightning strikes Delta Boeing 737 plane at Atlanta airport [video]
By Alfred Joyner
August 20, 2015 15:52 BST
An incredible video has been released that shows the moment a Delta Boeing 737 plane was struck by lightning while on the runway at an airport in Atlanta, US.
More about lightning
Google loses data due to repeated lightning strikes
Guernsey: Passenger jet struck by lightning and damaged on flight to Gatwick
Woman dies after lightning struck while hiking in Rocky Mountains, three others injured
The amateur footage, recorded by YouTube user Jack Perkins who was not able to board his flight because of a storm, shows a line of grounded planes on the a rain-soaked runway at Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport in Georgia.
As torrential rain drizzles on the camera lens, a lightning bolt suddenly strikes near the rudder of the white Delta Boeing 737. Perkins posted underneath the clip: "While filming the line of planes all stacked up during a ground hold in Atlanta on 8/18/15 I happened to capture this direct lightning strike on a 737."
It was not immediately clear if anyone was aboard the plane at the time of the strike. Aeroplanes have significant protection from lightning strikes because they are shielded by Faraday cages, meaning that if they are struck by lightning the electrical discharge is redistributed through an enclosure of conductive material around the exterior of the plane. Such an enclosure blocks out external static electrical fields so that passengers cannot be electrocuted and electronic systems inside the plane are preserved.


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iEMFC: Top Finance talent today… CFO tomorrow! Join us per 12 March 2023! Place to be: Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands"
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From its founding in 1906 to the present day, Suffolk University has grown to be an integral part of the city of Boston, woven into the fabric of the city, its people, and its institutions. When you step out of one of the Suffolk buildings—one of the many benefits of going to school in downtown Boston—you're stepping into the vibrant heart of the city, with all of the action and opportunity that comes with it. Read more >
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Fudan University is a public university in Shanghai, China. It is one of the oldest and most prestigious universities in the People's Republic of China. The university was founded in 1905 as the Fudan Public School, at the end of the Qing dynasty. It was the first institution of higher education to be founded by a Chinese person. Fudan University today has 17 full-time schools, 69 departments, more than 70 bachelor's degree programmes and more than 200 master's degree programmes, 25 postdoctoral research institutes. Read more >
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EADA – for managers with a human touch. EADA is a business school with a unique and particular origin. It is an ideologically and financially independent institution.
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The graduation workshops or thesis defence sessions will be organized throughout the year, whenever three students are ready and prepared for it. The graduation ceremony is scheduled in June and December every year.
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Saratoga Frozen Springs Classic Is Back And You Can Save $50!
The Saratoga Springs Frozen Classic is coming Feb. 6 - 8! If you sign up before Nov.15, you can get $50 off your registration! Get your team registered today! Save your $50 HERE!


text:
New EC model clauses: Do you process data overseas?
If the answer is yes, then the recent decision by the European Commission ("EC") updating the controller-to-processor model clauses for the transfer of personal data outside the European Economic Area ("EEA") may be very relevant for your organisation. The main change implemented by these new model clauses is that they now address the complex expansion of global processing activities by containing specific provisions to allow for sub-processors to be appointed.
As stated by the EC, "This updated version of the standard contractual clauses takes account of new business models and the growing trends to global processing and outsourcing."
The EU Data Protection Directive ("Directive") provides that the transfer of personal data to a data processor in a country outside the EEA may only take place if that country ensures an adequate level of protection. Such level of protection can be achieved in a number of ways, one of which is by entering into appropriate model contractual clauses approved by the EC. The EC has recently adopted a decision, which replaces the previous version of the model clauses (issued in 2002) on the transfer of personal data to processors in non-EEA countries with a new set of model clauses. The other sets of model clauses for the transfer of personal data to data controllers outside the EEA remain unchanged.
The practical advantage of the new clauses is that a direct contract between the data controller and a sub-processor will no longer be required, thus reducing the contractual complexity of outsourcing arrangements. The new clauses also contain additional provisions for the protection of data subjects.
The new clauses come into effect on 15 May 2010, on which date they will replace the old 2002 clauses. Contracts concluded under the old clauses will remain in force and effect until the parties to the contract wish to make any changes to the nature of the transfer and data processing operations that are the subject matter in existing contracts. For example this might arise if the processor wishes to use a sub-processor. Moreover, on a strict interpretation, just amending the details of the data transferred in any appendices to a contract would require the parties to revise their contract to include the provisions of the new clauses.
However, a limitation of the new clauses is that they don't cover the situation where the data processor is based within the EEA but wishes to use a sub-processor based outside the EEA. Therefore a data controller dealing with such contractual arrangements will still have to enter into model clauses directly with any non-EEA sub-processors.
Organisations should be aware of circumstances when the new clauses may apply.
On a similar topic, the Article 29 Working Party has recently adopted an opinion on the interpretation of the concepts data "controller" and "processor". This is because the distinction between controllers and processors has become increasingly blurred given the increase in complex outsourcing structures. The opinion stresses that the definitions play a crucial role in the application of the Directive in order to determine who is responsible for compliance with data protection rules.
Paul Carlyle


NEW YORK - March 1, 2019 - PRLog -- For an Independent artist to hit the top 40 on the itunes singer songwriter charts in America is a huge feat to say the least. Elise Morris has done just that with her new single Unto Light Unbroken hitting the top 40, coming in at no.34, on the iTunes singer songwriter charts alongside major acts like George Ezra, Sheryl Crow, Norah Jones and others. As an independent singer songwriter and composer Elise Morris has been a force to reckon with through the years having her music featured on hit tv shows like cold case and as a conductor and keyboardist for the off broadway hit America Dreaming. Now with her new single Unto Light Unbroken Elise is breaking new records with her latest music that spans various genres including Jazz, Rock, New Age and Pop.
Trained as a classical pianist Elise made a name for herself on the New York jazz circuit and has also penned lyrics for the great Pat Metheny and Charles Haden. As a highly in demand pianist and keyboard player she has also toured as Joe Jackson's keyboard player. Unto Light Unbroken is her new single from her upcoming EP.
"I am blessed to have my song hit the singer songwriter charts in America," says the Award Winning Multi Genre Singer Songwriter and Composer, "with the charts being dominated by major artists it is unheard of for Independent artists making it so high into the charts and I must thank my fans for this massive support I am getting for my new single, both on iTunes and Spotify where the song is going viral."
Unto Light Unbroken started seeing significant traction on Spotify in February with several major playlists adding the single to their list where fans have supported Elise tremendously. Now with the song hitting the singer songwriter charts in the US all eyes are on the upcoming EP by Elise Morris, which will also feature some of her live works, which is what really shows the musician in her element.
Fans are invited to visit Elise Morris' official website at http://www.elisemorris.com where fans can get direct access to the artist. The new hit single 'Unto Light Unbroken' is available for download on iTunes and Amazon. Elise Morris' songs are streaming on Spotify and Soundcloud.


At this point, you are about halfway through High School. You have friends, your grades are okay and what is most important to you right now, people like you. They find you funny. You don't annoy or disappoint anyone. I know you may think that this is enough and that being the class clown and doing the bare minimum to get by is fine. I am writing this letter to tell you, with all due respect, that you are wrong. I wanted to tell you that even though you may be having what you perceive as fun right now, you are actually wasting precious time and your actions will bring consequences 10–15 years down the road. You can be better.
You have a something special inside you. You may not be the smartest kid in class but you are of above average intelligence. You are creative and charismatic. You can think fast and write well. You can be something better than what you are on the path to becoming. The path you are on right now is going to bring you to a place that you do not want to be. However, for me to convince you that you can be something better, I have to explain what you are currently on the path to becoming.
You're passing your classes and that's fine. Your grades will get you into a college, which is also okay. The issue is, you could be doing so much more. You could be putting more effort into your journalism class. You could be focusing on becoming a great writer. That focus and passion could get you into a better school with a major you truly care about. I know you aren't focused on your post-college graduation life, but you should be. You should be because if you start to care now, you can ensure that you are much happier later.
If you do average work, you will go to an average school and eventually get an average job. An average job where you sit in an office, every day, from 9–5 and work at a computer. You don't get to go outside. You don't get to enjoy a beautiful morning because you are required to be at work at a certain time. Furthermore, if you continue to do just enough to get by, the number of jobs that will be open to you will be limited. The fun, exciting jobs at growing, interesting companies will be accepting candidates with better grades and internships. Those candidates knew what they wanted out of their post-college lives and where they wanted to go. They are going to be living the type of life they envisioned for themselves. You will be living a life that has been lived out by millions of average men that have come before you. A life of routine, boredom, and lack of fulfillment and consistent joy. Do I have your attention now?
Start caring now. Start asking questions, taking chances, and most importantly do the best work you can. Use the rest of your college days seeking out things that excite you, things that bring your passion. Start looking into what colleges have what majors, what the courses look like, and what types of careers you can have afterward. Focus on all your classes to get better grades. A better GPA will get you into a better school. A better GPA will also get you more scholarship money, which means fewer loans to pay off when you are older.
I know you may think college is two years away, but trust me, it will be here before you know it. When you arrive, have a plan. You don't have to plan out the next four years but you should write down 5 things you want to get out of college. Those things can change and you can add to the list but it gives you somewhere to begin. For example, "What type of person do I want to become?", "What am I interested in?", "What questions do I have about the real world?". Like High School, it will be very tempting and easy to do the bare minimum. That type of thinking and lack of action will result in an unsatisfying career when you are older. Choose the path that allows you to take advantage of all the opportunities that will be presented to you. Pick the brains of your professors. Ask questions of visiting alumni. Go see guest speakers when they come to your campus. Visit the career center to secure meaningful internships every year, not just your last year when it's required. Above all else, give proper time and respect to your classes. Don't count showing up to class as a victory. Show up with the goal of gaining knowledge. This is the time to discover what interests you because it can help determine what you should be doing once you graduate.
What I am trying to say, is care about what is coming next. It's thing huge thing that you don't know is coming and you don't yet understand how your actions these next 6 years will affect it. You have so much more talent than you are aware of. You can be so much more than you are currently on the path to becoming. If you keep behaving this way, you will end up with an average, boring job that you will leave you feeling unfulfilled. I promise you what's coming next for you is not fun. You are putting yourself in a hole that will take years to dig out of. If you start caring right now, start working harder and smarter right now, you will change your path. You will discover your passion at 16, not 30. You will open doors for yourself you never even knew existed. All you have to do is think differently about how you approach the future. I hope you start today, because tomorrow will be here before you know it, and currently, you won't like what it's bringing.
Kyle is a youth/education public speaker and blog author. His goal is to use these mediums to inspire high school and college students to think differently about the choices they are about to make and the next steps in their lives.
Check out my new book: To The Next Step — Now Available for Pre-Order!
The views expressed in this blog and all my content are mine and do not reflect the views and opinions of any companies and educational institutions I have had current or past connections with.
Official Medium Account of Kyle Grappone, youth educational speaker. Visit KyleGrappone.com to learn more.


text:
School of Planning, Design and Construction National Charrette Institute
NCI Charrette System™
NCI Consults
Michigan's Twin Cities Sustainable Harbor project guided by NCI Charrette Ready Workshop
The Twin Cities Harbor conservancy invited Michigan Sea Grant and others to assist the communities with next steps. Partners developed a process based on NCI's Charrette System.
The Twin Cities Harbor is a unique place. Located in southwest Michigan, it is a deepwater port tucked between the cities of Benton Harbor and St. Joseph.
In its prime, the harbor bustled with ships transporting everything from fruits to industrial materials and petroleum throughout the Great Lakes and beyond. But, like many places once dominated by the boom of past industry and manufacturing, times are changing.
A 2015 study of the harbor found that while the Twin Cities Harbor has many assets, it is challenged by vacant land, empty buildings and underutilized waterfront opportunities. The Twin Cities Harbor is not unique in this regard; many Great Lakes harbors face similar circumstances.
In response to this, the Twin Cities Harbor conservancy invited Michigan Sea Grant, with support from the Michigan Department of Natural Resources Office of the Great Lakes, the DNR Waterways Program and the Michigan State Housing Development Authority, to assist the communities with next steps.
Partners developed a process based on the National Charrette Institute's NCI Charrette System. It specifically targets small harbor visioning projects, and has been used in communities throughout the state with success.
When the Office of the Great Lakes learned that community leaders in Benton Harbor, St. Joseph and surrounding townships were interested in reviving their shared harbor, they turned to NCI to help prime the communities for a wider engagement.
A 2015 study of the Harbor's potential set the stage for further dialogue. The next step was to engage more community members to ensure that the vision included as much community representation as possible.
In early June, NCI Director Holly Madill led a diverse set of community stakeholders, including city, township and county officials and staff; regional planners; developers; business owners; and faith leaders, along with the project steering committee, in a 1.5-day Charrette Ready Workshop to assess and organize a joint visioning project for the harbor.
"The pre-charrette work that NCI guided us through created a real sense of ownership among harbor leaders about the process to engage the larger community, because they helped design it," said Emily Finnell, chief strategist at the Office of the Great Lakes.
"Everyone also knows what to expect in the visioning process, and the workshop created some real excitement for moving into the charrette phase," said Finnell.
The team's work began with discussion about the harbor and past redevelopment and engagement initiatives. The group then explored high-level guiding principles and identified stakeholders important to developing the next vision.
At the end of workshop, partners produced defined goals, a project scope area and a charrette schedule that was implemented in fall 2018.
"Based on the work we did earlier this year with NCI to create the building blocks for the community charrette, we were confident and looking forward to implementing the process," said John Egelhaaf, executive director of the Southwest Michigan Planning Commission and facilitator of the Harbor Conservancy, who is acting as the steering committee for the harbor visioning project.
"After the NCI preparatory work, the charrette team worked diligently with the residents to raise awareness and build anticipation for the three-day charrette event. It all fit together into a single, successful piece."
The charrette began with a kick-off meeting on Sept. 19 and continued with the design charrette Oct. 9-11. With more than 200 people participating, outcomes included a renewed interest in continued joint planning and action for the harbor, as well as a deeper understanding of community concerns, which ranged from affordable housing to recreational opportunities to job creation.
Additionally, to ensure the process is representative of the community, the project team recognized that further community engagement efforts were needed to ensure the vision for the waterfront reflects perspectives from each community.
To foster greater engagement, the project team will be hosting additional community focus groups to obtain additional input during the winter and spring. The project team will also be hosting meetings with community leaders to discuss implementation strategies and governance structure to make the vision a reality.
The National Charrette Institute, the School of Planning, Design and Construction, and MSU Extension all played a role in the October charrette.
Madill from NCI returned to help facilitate the kick-off event on Oct. 9 and Rabia Faizan, an SPDC student, was invited to be part of the charrette design team. Then, MSU Extension's Harmony Gmazel helped facilitate stakeholder meetings on Oct. 10.
For more information about the charrette and outcomes, visit St. Joseph-Benton Harbor 2018. To learn how NCI can set your team up for success, visit the RFP Co-Writing Workshop.
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To contact directly the La Maison Bizienne , please use the below form, An email with a link to this page will be sent to the provided email address.
Discover this new house a few meters from the walls of Guérande (44) Loire-Atlantic and come enjoy a renovated cottage and its pretty garden, for 4 people (2 adults 2 children) with a layout designed by architect owner and not facing the street.
Composed of a living room, a kitchen and two bedrooms (1 double and 2 twin beds) upstairs, this cottage enjoys all the comforts for your stay, a wooden terrace and a garden of about 100 m2 closed.
At the gates of the medieval city, you will be surprised by the calm that reigns there, while shops and restaurants are within 3 minutes walk. Market on Wednesday and Saturday.
You can also visit the wine cellar Bizienne, with particular reference to the wines of the Loire.
You'll love the town of Guérande, cobbled streets, atypical homes, making it one of the 100 most beautiful villages in France.


January 22, 2013 was the "innovation day" on which the Center for R&D of PSA Peugeot Citroën (PSA, hereafter) in France presented the major "PSA Innovations for Car of the Future". About a hundred journalists, policymakers, investors, economic and industrial partners of the carmaker gathered to find out about the new technologies to meet the challenges of tomorrow's car: urbanization, climate change, evolution in consumer usage and their mobility patterns . Among the technologies unveiled, there was a breakthrough technology called "Hybrid Air." It combined petrol and compressed air to offer a key step toward the vehicle 2l/100km.
In March 2013, during the International Automobile Motor Show in Geneva, using a prototype vehicle, Citroën presented the first Hybrid Air application. At the manufacturer's stand, the French Minister of Productive Recovery, Arnaud Montebourg, welcomed this innovation and highlighted PSA's ability to meet tomorrow's challenges, despite the economic difficulties that this manufacturer was facing. The next day, one could read in the press headlines, "PSA struck a blow with a revolutionary innovation". The commercialization of the vehicle was scheduled for 2016.
Two years after the announcement and a year before the commencement of car sales, the general and specialized press, as well as blogs of automotive industry experts, announced the end of Hybrid Air adventure: "Deflated: Peugeot Citroen Shelves Its Air Hybrid Technology" (January 26, 2015 at 4:51 pm by Mike Duff). The headline of the newspaper Les Echos read, "Hybrid Air put definitely on the shelf ." In response to these catchy press headlines, PSA communication services nuanced by saying "…its moment may still come"; "We have no plans to cancel the project," as a PSA spokeswoman told Automotive News Europe . If Hybrid Air was a great invention, it has never been an innovation.
The hybrid Air case is a great source of knowledge about disruptive innovations and the way they can be managed. The disruptiveness appeared at both product and process levels. At the product level, Hybrid Air is a radical innovative hybridization technology combining a petrol engine, a compressed air energy storage unit, a hydraulic pump unit, and an automatic transmission. An intelligent electronic management system adapts the operating mode to the user's driving style and optimizes energy efficiency. At the process level, Hybrid Air is a radical innovative mode of governance and management of innovation. PSA took the opportunity to test a new method for managing innovation aligned with the needs of a high-stake project. This innovative project was conducted in secret by a dedicated project team within an isolated skunkworks structure.
At a time where disruptive innovation is glorified as the only way to create value in a highly competitive world, our work contributes to framing the conditions of transformation of inventions into innovations. Our analysis pays a specific attention to the conditions for skunkworks structure in the innovation process.
Two data collection methods were used. First, we collected primary data from notes taken at conferences, seminars, and workshops in which PSA and Hybrid Air collaborators shared the content and history of the project. This data collection was enriched with formal semi-structured interviews, as well as recordings of two of the main project managers. We also conducted informal interviews with collaborators working for the Advanced R&D Department at PSA and people from partner companies. The second and main source of information was indirect. We analyzed secondary sources such as press articles, specialist automobile blogs, YouTube videos of the project, recordings of project members' participation in courses taught in engineering schools or research seminars. All information was collected between January 23rd and September 2015.
The article will be structured in Three parts. The first part will present the case, described by practitioners as an "innovation revolution(AIR)". The second part will present a literature review on skunkworks innovation projects. Finally, the third part will discuss the project's organizational innovation and analyze its implementation limits regarding the skunkworks literature.


text:
package ecd

//Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
//you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
//You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
//http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
//Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
//distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
//WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
//See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
//limitations under the License.
//
// Code generated by Alibaba Cloud SDK Code Generator.
// Changes may cause incorrect behavior and will be lost if the code is regenerated.

import (
	"github.com/aliyun/alibaba-cloud-sdk-go/sdk/requests"
	"github.com/aliyun/alibaba-cloud-sdk-go/sdk/responses"
)

// ResetSnapshot invokes the ecd.ResetSnapshot API synchronously
func (client *Client) ResetSnapshot(request *ResetSnapshotRequest) (response *ResetSnapshotResponse, err error) {
	response = CreateResetSnapshotResponse()
	err = client.DoAction(request, response)
	return
}

// ResetSnapshotWithChan invokes the ecd.ResetSnapshot API asynchronously
func (client *Client) ResetSnapshotWithChan(request *ResetSnapshotRequest) (<-chan *ResetSnapshotResponse, <-chan error) {
	responseChan := make(chan *ResetSnapshotResponse, 1)
	errChan := make(chan error, 1)
	err := client.AddAsyncTask(func() {
		defer close(responseChan)
		defer close(errChan)
		response, err := client.ResetSnapshot(request)
		if err != nil {
			errChan <- err
		} else {
			responseChan <- response
		}
	})
	if err != nil {
		errChan <- err
		close(responseChan)
		close(errChan)
	}
	return responseChan, errChan
}

// ResetSnapshotWithCallback invokes the ecd.ResetSnapshot API asynchronously
func (client *Client) ResetSnapshotWithCallback(request *ResetSnapshotRequest, callback func(response *ResetSnapshotResponse, err error)) <-chan int {
	result := make(chan int, 1)
	err := client.AddAsyncTask(func() {
		var response *ResetSnapshotResponse
		var err error
		defer close(result)
		response, err = client.ResetSnapshot(request)
		callback(response, err)
		result <- 1
	})
	if err != nil {
		defer close(result)
		callback(nil, err)
		result <- 0
	}
	return result
}

// ResetSnapshotRequest is the request struct for api ResetSnapshot
type ResetSnapshotRequest struct {
	*requests.RpcRequest
	SnapshotId string `position:"Query" name:"SnapshotId"`
}

// ResetSnapshotResponse is the response struct for api ResetSnapshot
type ResetSnapshotResponse struct {
	*responses.BaseResponse
	RequestId string `json:"RequestId" xml:"RequestId"`
}

// CreateResetSnapshotRequest creates a request to invoke ResetSnapshot API
func CreateResetSnapshotRequest() (request *ResetSnapshotRequest) {
	request = &ResetSnapshotRequest{
		RpcRequest: &requests.RpcRequest{},
	}
	request.InitWithApiInfo("ecd", "2020-09-30", "ResetSnapshot", "", "")
	request.Method = requests.POST
	return
}

// CreateResetSnapshotResponse creates a response to parse from ResetSnapshot response
func CreateResetSnapshotResponse() (response *ResetSnapshotResponse) {
	response = &ResetSnapshotResponse{
		BaseResponse: &responses.BaseResponse{},
	}
	return
}