text:
Q: reading in from socket until I get enough bytes I'm trying to read in an integer which is going to let the server know the message length. I read until I reach sizeof(int) bytes using a while loop. I'm following the same convention for the message and length using a while loop to call recv multiple times. If all I'm doing is reading a int can I just call recv directly and expect all the bytes?
If not then how should I read in a integer using a while loop.
struct CONN_STAT {
    int size;      // length function should return the length into this field
    int nRecv;     // bytes sent of message
    int nSent;     // bytes received of message
    int lRecv;     // bytes received of length
    int lSent;     // bytes received of length
};

server : How I'm reading length
I copied the logic from my message function it reads similar to this
but info is replaced by a char array and the (info + pStat->lRecv) works for it
int readLength(int sockfd, int * info, struct CONN_STAT * pStat){

    int infoSize = sizeof(int);

    // I copied the logic from my message function it reads similar to this
    // but info is replaces by a char array and the (info + pStat->lRecv) works for
    while(pStat->lRecv < infoSize){
        int n = recv(sockfd, info + pStat->lRecv, infoSize - pStat->lRecv, 0);

        if (n > 0) {
            pStat->lRecv += n;
        }
        else if (n == 0 || (n < 0 && errno == ECONNRESET)) {
            close(sockfd);
            return -1;
        }else if (n < 0 && (errno == EWOULDBLOCK)) {
            //The socket becomes non-readable. Exit now to prevent blocking.
            //OS will notify us when we can read
            return 0;
        }else {
            printf("Unexpected recv error.");
        }

    }

    return 0;
}

Calling it like this
readLength(sockfd, (int*)pStat->size, pStat);

error: warning: cast to 'int *' from smaller integer type 'int' [-Wint-to-pointer-cast]

A:
If all I'm doing is reading a int can I just call recv directly and expect all the bytes?

Generally speaking, no.  TCP is a byte-streaming protocol, so it doesn't guarantee anything about how many bytes will be delivered by any one call to recv().  It's entirely possible (and therefore, given enough time, inevitable) that you'll recv() only the first part of the integer from a given recv() call, and you'll need to save the bytes you've received into a buffer somewhere and plan to append the rest of the bytes to that buffer later on.  You can only actually parse/use the received integer after you've collected the whole set of bytes that were used to represent it.

If not then how should I read in a integer using a while loop.

Pretty much the same way you are (presumably) reading in the data-payload that follows the integer:  write any received bytes into an array until the array has the number of bytes in it that are required to parse it.  (In this case, you need to have sizeof(int) bytes in your array before you can read the integer as an integer... and don't forget that sizeof(int) may be a different value on different machines, and that an int may be represented in either big-endian or little-endian form.  You might want to use int32_t instead of int, and htonl() and ntohl() to handle any necessary endian-conversion)
Since you're using non-blocking I/O, I suggest putting your collection-buffer into the CONN_STAT struct, so that a given call to readLength() can update the array with any received bytes and then a subsequent call can update the array some more, and so on.
The way I think about is to just see it as receiving two data-buffers:  The first buffer I can assume the size of -- it will always be sizeof(int) bytes long.  The second buffer I will know the size of as soon as I have received the entire first buffer and can read what it contains.  So I can use (almost) the same logic for both of the two buffers, and then repeat as necessary.


This was the official website for Guillermo del Toro's epic summer blockbuster movie, Pacific Rim. Besides giving a plot summary, character details, interviews with various actors, a Forum, and posts to engage visitors and build momentum up to the film's release. It also counted down the hours till the apocalypse.
Content is from the site's archived pages providing a small glimpse of what this site offered its visitors, as well as other sources for reviews.
Below is the current Cast List for Guillermo del Toro's epic summer blockbuster movie, Pacific Rim.
Charlie Hunnam, most commonly known for his role in the hit TV series Sons of Anarchy. Charlie will be playing the role of Raleigh Becket, a Pan Pacific Defense Corps Jaeger pilot in Pacific Rim as part of the resistance against the impending threat of the Kaiju invasion.
Ron Perlman, known for his roles in the popular Del Toro Hell Boy films and has been seen in other sci-fi films like Alien Resurrection and has apparently been considered for a role in a Halo film adaptation. Perlman will play the role of Hannibal Chow in Pacific Rim.
Idris Elba, you might remember him from Ridley Scott'sPrometheus where he played Captain Janek of the USCSS Weyland Research Vessel, the Prometheus! Idris is keeping busy, and plays the role of Stacker Pentecost, a Jaeger Mech pilot in Pacific Rim.
Rinko Kikuchi, will play the heroin of Pacific Rim and a Jaeger Mech Defense pilot by the name of Mako Mori! Look for her in Pacific Rim July 12th, 2013!
Charlie Day will play the role of Newt Gotlieb in Pacific Rim.
Burn Gorman will play Gottlieb.
Clifton Collins Jr. will play as Tendo Choi.
Robert Maillet stars as Aleksis.
Max Martini will play the part of Herc Hansen.
Don Shirey will play a News Anchor for the events during Pacific Rim.
Joe Pingue is cast as Captain Merrit.
Robert Kazinsky will play the role of Chuck Hansen.
As more information about the cast of Pacific Rim, this list will be updated. Feel free to add comments about the cats of Pacific Rim by adding a reply below!
Pacific Rim is a movie directed by Guillermo del Toro and hits theaters July 12th, 2013 in 3D and 2D.
The human story proceeds in several directions. An American meister named Raleigh Becket (Charlie Hunnam) comes out of very early retirement to fight for a multinational outfit called the Pan Pacific Defense Corps, whose commander is an Englishman and former pilot named Stacker Pentecost (Idris Elba). It's right about here, with the discovery of a name as stupid and amazing and amazingly Bible Belt porny as Stacker Pentecost, that you have to suppress the urge not to watch the rest of Pacific Rim on a knee. Raleigh winds up partnered with a Japanese woman named Mako Mori (Rinko Kikuchi) and sparring with a macho pilot named Chuck Hansen (Robert Kazinsky).
There are some good bits with the del Toro regular Ron Perlman, as an oily operator selling kaiju parts on the black market. But the official comedy involves a pair of bickering PPDC scientists — an overcaffeinated American (Charlie Day) and a limping, most highly strung Brit (Burn Gorman) named Dr. Hermann Gottlieb — eager to discover what makes kaiju tick. It's an achievement that calls for a kaiju brain, which Day's character, a tattooed monster geek named Dr. Newton Geiszler, spends the movie trying to procure. Day is as funny as John Turturro is in the Transformers movies, playing a character who works as a broad outline within which he can try out a shtick. The skinny Gorman is even better. With his dark clothes, matted hair, and madman rictus, he's like an SS commander outraged that no one's following behind him. A friend mentioned that the two scientists are like the robots in Star Wars, and he's right.They're the custodial undercard in an Ernst Lubitsch comedy, too. But these two do so much shouting at each other that, by volume, they're also Katharine Hepburn and Cary Grant in Bringing Up Baby.
Pacific Rim is just as guilty of mass destruction and mega-budget clichés as Armageddon, the Transformers movies, and nearly every blockbuster to open in the last two summers. But del Toro doesn't turn real-world disaster iconography into kitsch for our entertainment. This isn't to say that the movie is free of politics. (With del Toro, you're rarely far from them, actually.) The Jaeger, for instance, represents a less morally problematic alternative to drone warfare. One commonly expressed complaint comes from the arbitrary introduction of the robotic paper towels dispenser who was probably included as a private joke, but was so completely off the wall that he was a distraction. Used to provide kindling for the huge fire that destroyed a large portion of the set in the end, the CleanItSupply received a super brand promotion at the expense of some storyline confusion. Still all in fun.
This is true! Legendary will be showing more of Godzilla at San Diego Comic-Con. Very exciting stuff!
That's a pretty neat idea Cyanidenailbomb! They could just be related, or they could be, like you suggest, manufactured. THEDUDE has access to the Man, Machines and Monsters book, so perhaps he can shed some more light on this?
Well, Charlie Day's character is interested in securing a Kaiju brain in one of the recent movie clips, so it's possible that's what they're trying to do. Of course his line "If you wanna stop them, you have to understand them" further hints at this motive.
The concept art of their universe got me thinking as one painting has two of the aliens next to an assembly line of Knifehead kaiju ready to go.
I want to see that! If you can somehow find a scan of that particular page, do share it. That sounds awesome.
Really great work, fishkettlebanana! Welcome to the community. It's great to see such talented artists showcasing their work for us, it's truly inspiring and a real treat. Keep up the great work!
It's a badass poster man. I posted it to our Facebook page just now as well as our other social feeds to get it more attention. That's nearly 100,000 more people to weigh in with their opinions and so far - all are positive!
If you make any more, be sure to share them here as well!
That's sweet! Nicely done. Looks bright, yet barren. Love the little Juggernaut in the background, very well done! Thanks for sharing this with us!
Updated again with GIPSY DANGER's weapon specs.
I still prefer the BBC's original 'Walking with Dinosaurs' series. The documentary style of the originals seem more enjoyable for me. This movie reminds me a lot of Disney's "DINOSAUR" movie - which granted was enjoyable as a kid, but not for someone my age. I'll stick to my BBC narrated Dino-Documentaries until JP4 hits theaters I think.
Yeah, regarding the prizes it could be anything from movie posters, to movies themselves - games, toys, and if our friends at PropStore are interested - props. We'll have to wait and see about that when the time comes.
But yeah, it's just another fun way to enjoy the site. I plan to expand on it even more soon, so when you click the Rex or Spino icon, you get to see the members who are currently on those teams, instead of checking every member's profile stats page.
Glad you guys like the new stats page and the teams feature! I'll try to bring another update soon.
Updated the OP with STRIKER EUREKA's weapon specs!
Just saw world war z at the movies.
I plan on seeing it on Tuesday myself, but I've been hearing great reviews for it! Despite the well-known, last-minute changes they made to the script a month before release. I had my doubts, but it looks like WWZ will turn out to be a smash hit! Can't wait to see it next week, you're post further reassures me, haha.
Possible Godzilla 2014 plot source material?
I like it. But if you check out the news post I just made about this - I bring up some good questions. Specifically what the title will be.
Wow, very cool new trailer! Thanks for posting this up! Once WB releases an HD version on YouTube (if they do), we'll be sure to feature it!
Thanks for this, I'll make a news post about it now!
Godzilla 2014 run time 45 minutes?
Update - just updated Aaron Taylor-Johnson's character bio in the original post with his character's name, as discovered in this recent news post (WARNING: Major SPOILERS in this post).
Yeah, these images and potential filming locations were mentioned here a couple months ago. Turned out not to be for Paradise, but for Ridley's other movie Moses.
They're still working on the script, so until they have the story solidified, they won't be looking for locations just yet.
No necessarily true. According to 2 very reliable sources close to both the studio and the Prometheus 2 project, the film is progressing behind closed doors. Ridley is very much interested in continuing on with the sequel(s) and from what I've been told, the script is nearing its completion. They must have some kind of grounded story, because Ridley's already met personally with at least one actor for a potential role in the sequel.
I expect the studio to remain even more tight lipped with Prometheus 2 than they were with Prometheus. With so much being leaked the first time around - it led some fans to certain expectations which set them up for disappointment (ie. expecting a direct prequel to Alien - which is was not, but seemed like it was due to the set pic leaks and word of mouth), so I expect to hear very little in terms of major announcements for a little while still. But mark my words - it is moving along and we'll probably see it hit theaters..... May 2015. That's my guess.
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Glad you like the updates guys!
So why did Gareth Edwards chose San Francisco instead of Tokyo Japan?


London, ON — It takes a community to make a United Way campaign successful and who better to lead the charge than a professional team player. United Way announced today that Kyla Woodcock, Founder of Forest City Sport & Social Club (FCSSC), is stepping up as the top volunteer for the organization's 2018 annual campaign.
Woodcock is no stranger to organizing a team. As founder of FCSSC, now 10 years old and going strong in Middlesex County with growing ties in Elgin, she has developed a successful business based on bringing people together for fun and community. Now, she's lending that expertise to United Way.
"It's a great fit because FCSSC is all about creating a place where everyone can belong," she says, noting that all adults are welcome, whether they love sports or just want to make social connections. "United Way is about creating a place where everyone belongs too – just on a bigger scale."
A successful entrepreneur, Woodcock says that building relationships is the most important skill she brings to the table. "I work hard to build relationships and figure out how to leverage those relationships to do great things," she says, noting that the fundraising role is a first for her.
"I know most people start fundraising with something a little smaller than a multi-million dollar target. But I say go big or go home. Why try and raise 10 bucks when you have the potential to raise 10 million?"
Woodcock is enthusiastic about bringing together a team of volunteers from a variety of backgrounds that come to the table with big ideas and resources to put major building blocks in place. Paired with United Way's full-time staff, she's confident she'll be able to lead the campaign to success.
"I'm excited about United Way's impact goals and really, truly making a difference," Woodcock says, explaining that many people support charities but never see what happens to the money they raised or the volunteer time they put in. "United Way is tangible. You see every day what agencies are doing with the money and how it changes people's lives."
Woodcock is also excited about living up to her new title of Chief ChangeMaker. "United Way is an incredibly strong organization and I want to be part of their new direction." Woodcock cites United Way's focus on impact goals – the outcomes that donor dollars and volunteer hours create -- rather than a big fundraising dollar target measured by a thermometer, as something she can get behind.
"United Way is in touch with today's donors and the community's most pressing needs," she says listing supervised consumption facilities, services for newcomers, mental health supports and poverty as just some of the tough issues United Way tackles. "Let's blow this campaign out of the water. Let's do more for this community than we think we can." "Kyla is absolutely the right choice for our organization right now," says Kelly Ziegner, Chief Executive Officer, United Way Elgin Middlesex. "She brings a ton of energy and entrepreneurial expertise in addition to a deep connection to GenNext -- United Way's next generation of donors and volunteers. We're excited to work with her to engage and energize our community."
United Way brings together donor dollars, volunteers and partner agencies to invest in programs that give people the opportunity to build a better life, right here at home. As the largest non-government funder of social services in Elgin and Middlesex counties, we invest in 96 programs at 56 partner agencies and serve a region of more than half a million people. Donations stay 100% local, always.


text:
Electron Reactor
I didn't receive an email containing the download links for my instrument!
Sonic Experiments
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The Electron Reactor FREE
Create massive pure analogue sequences and pulses with an instrument that's built for rapid music making, experimentation and fun! With its intelligent sequence generator, easy to use engine, and pure analogue…
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Please note that not all results are the same. Each type of paver accepts the sealer differently. Pavers that are more porous on the surface like tumbled pavers or older pavers, will allow the sealer to penetrate further in to the surface of the paver. Newer pavers, non-tumbled pavers and pavers that still have a smooth surface on the top will not let as much sealer penetrate and will have more of a sheen after sealed. It's best to try and view our before and after pictures that most closely resemble your pavers to get the most accurate example of what you can expect.


text:
Former Oregon attorney Lori Deveny is guilty of federal charges
*** For the latest on the criminal cases against Deveny, click here ***
This morning, in US District Court in Portland, disgraced former attorney Lori Deveny finally pleaded guilty to seven charges of mail, wire, and bank fraud; aggravated identity theft; filing a false tax return; and engaging in monetary transactions with criminally derived property. Seventeen other charges will be dropped, indicating that Deveny likely supplied information related to a larger scheme in which she was involved.
This came after an unexpected delay last week in which her scheduled plea change hearing was held instead as a status conference. It is unclear if Deveny appeared at that conference. This latest delay came on top of the eight times (over three years) that Deveny's public defender moved to postpone her trial.
Deveny, the former president of the influential Oregon Women Lawyers specialty bar association, preyed upon her vulnerable personal injury clients, some of whom suffered cognitive impairment, and all of whom were tricked into believing that years or even decades were normal amounts of time for an attorney to settle a personal injury claim. Deveny stole at least $3.5 million from her clients and others, through forgery, fraud, and identity theft.
The indictment filed against Deveny in May 2019 states that her "scheme to defraud" those victims began in "at least as early as" April 2011. It is now known that her scheme actually began more than a decade earlier.
The trial in the state's case against Deveny is set for November 1, 2022, and her sentencing in the federal case is now scheduled for November 23, 2022.
Deveny, whose release conditions were lifted in September 2021, remains free on her own recognizance until sentencing, and was never even required to pay bail in either the federal or state criminal case.
Updates on this story and others when more information becomes available.
Serial Rapist And Killer Picked Drunk Targets From Hilltop
Philadelphia DAO
The Justice Wire
DA Krasner Statement on Sentencing of Former Officer Derek Chauvin for Murder of George Floyd
Paul McNally
South African 'Serial' podcast — we visit the supermarket and stand exactly where the two victims…
Profiles in Justice: Victim/Witness Services Supervisor Keziah Cameron
Jimmy Misner Jr.
Prison Should Be About Rehabilitation
Closer to Closure
Jade Townsend
The crimes of Lonnie Franklin
Stuart Englander
Equitable Justice Doesn't Exist In The Real World


text:
NOT MY PRESIDENT Reading at Angst Gallery April 14, 2018
NOT MY PRESIDENT reading
Thoughtcrime Press and Angst Gallery present
Poems and Stories from NOT MY PRESIDENT: The Anthology of Dissent
Hosted by Thoughtcrime Publisher/Editor Josh Gaines and Christopher Luna
Featuring local writers from the anthology: Gail Alexander, Sossity Chiricuzio, Christopher Luna, Elizabeth Stansberry, Adam Strong, and Nathan Tompkins.
Thoughtcrime Press gathers voices from around the world in NOT MY PRESIDENT, including National Book Award winners, visual artists, New York Times Best Sellers, poets laureate, singer-songwriters, high school students, and children of illegal immigrants, all united in their opposition to the policies of Donald Trump. A copy of this book has been sent to the Tweeter-In-Chief and to every member of the United States Congress.
Order your copy of NOT MY PRESIDENT here.
Thoughtcrime Press founder and Captain Josh Gaines ditched a promising military career to write books, run a profitless press, and build blanket forts with his daughter. He earned a writing MFA at The School of the Art Institute of Chicago. His fiction has been published in Two Cities Review, Nebula Rift, and in London's, Dark Mountain. His poetry appears in numerous anthologies and journals, most recently in Blue Monday Review, Drunk in a Midnight Choir, and Yellow Chair Review, and in his own books of poetry and flash fiction: Cigarette Sonatas, and little bones. Josh is the editor of Not My President, the Anthology of Dissent and was the 2016 and 2017 Fiction Writer in Residence at Art Farm Nebraska.
Reader Bios:
Gail Alexander writes on a river in Vancouver, WA. NOT MY PRESIDENT is her first publication.
Sossity Chiricuzio is a queer femme outlaw poet, a working class crip storyteller. What her friends parents often referred to as a bad influence, and possibly still do. A 2015 Lambda Fellow, she writes as activism, connection, and survival, and is found in publications like Adrienne, NANO fiction, Porkbelly Press, and Lunch Ticket, and in anthologies like Not My President, The Remedy, and Glitter and Grit.
Christopher Luna served as Clark County, WA's first Poet Laureate from 2013-2017. He has an MFA from the Jack Kerouac School of Disembodied Poetics, and is the co-founder, with his wife, Toni Partington, of Printed Matter Vancouver, an editing service and small press for Northwest writers. He has hosted the popular Ghost Town Poetry Open Mic in Vancouver, WA since 2004. Luna's books include Brutal Glints of Moonlight, GHOST TOWN, USA and The Flame Is Ours: The Letters of Stan Brakhage and Michael McClure 1961-1978.
Elizabeth Stansberry has been writing poetry for 3 decades. She graduated from Idaho State University with a bachelor's degree in English. Miss Stansberry has participated in Portland open mics and poetry slams since 2014. Miss Stansberry has also been published in Skyline Review, Oregon Artswatch, The Eclectic Muse and a Write Around Portland Anthology, Mile Marker. She is a secretary at Prosper Portland and does on call security at the Portland Art Museum.
Adam Strong is a Digital Arts teacher and the author of the novel Bella Vista. His work has appeared in Nailed Magazine, The Gravity of the Thing, and in the anthology City of Weird. He curates the reading series Songbook PDX. He writes and loves in Portland, OR.
Nathan Tompkins is a writer living just outside of Portland, though his heart will always be back in North Idaho. His work has appeared in many publications including WindFall: A Journal of Poetry of Place, Drunk Monkeys, and Anti-Heroin Chic. He's the author of five chapbooks, the latest being Uncomfortable Adventures.
Labels: Adam Strong, Angst Gallery, Christopher Luna, Elizabeth Stansberry, Gail Alexander, Josh Gaines, Leah Jackson, Nathan Tompkins, NOT MY PRESIDENT, Sossity Chiricuzio, Thoughtcrime Press
NOT MY PRESIDENT Reading at Angst Gallery April 14...


Born in Richmond in 1943, tennis legend Arthur Ashe first played at Brookfield Park, near his Northside home. Growing up in the era of segregation, he was barred from playing tennis in many segregated city parks and in whites-only tournaments. But with skill, perseverance, and grace, he overcame discrimination in the United States to become an international star.
Over the course of his career, he won fifty-one tennis titles, including three Grand Slams (Australian Open, Wimbledon, and the US Open) and achieved a number of African-American firsts, including being the first black American to be selected for the U.S. Davis Cup team and the first to be inducted into the International Tennis Hall of Fame. In 1975, he was ranked the number one tennis player in the world.
A year later, he would return to Richmond to win the United Virginia Bank Tennis Classic, (pictured here inspecting the court with opponent Fred McNair). Richmond, for its part, had been changing too. Over the next few decades, the city would come to honor the athlete's accomplishments. The boy who had no right to play in many city-owned parks would live to see a municipal athletic center here dedicated in his name. Four years after he died, a slightly larger facility was built in his honor in Flushing Meadows, New York. Known as Arthur Ashe Stadium, today athletes from around the world compete in the U.S. Open, held there every fall.
After his death in 1993 at the age of forty-nine, he would lie in state in the executive mansion and have his own statue on Monument Avenue.
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Manufacturing Engineering is a highly respected magazine serving U.S. engineers and other manufacturing professionals who use manufacturing technologies. The magazine's history dates back to 1935, when SME first published it as Tool Engineer. In the 1960s, the magazine was called Tool and Manufacturing Engineer. In the 1970s, it became Manufacturing Engineering and Management. Since 1975, the magazine has been known as Manufacturing Engineering, or as our customers sometimes call us, M.E.


text:
var App = require('app');

App.ChartClusterMetricsLoadWidgetView = App.ClusterMetricsDashboardWidgetView.extend({

  content: App.ChartClusterMetricsLoad.extend({
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    inWidget: true
  })
});

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text:
Q: how do i remove an item from a list and add it to the end of the same list i have a list of 52 tuples (a deck of playing cards) that i'm trying to shuffle without using random.shuffle (not allowed to use it for this project).  what i'm trying to do is create 2 random indices, remove those items from the list and put 1 at the front and 1 at the end of the list.
i can create the random #'s, but not sure how to move them.  seems like .pop is my best method, but not sure if that's right or not.
def shuffle():
    ite = 0
    while ite <= 1000:
        rand1 = randint(0, len(card_deck) -1)
        rand2 = randint(0, len(card_deck) -1)
        card_deck.pop[rand1]
        card_deck.append(rand1)
        ite += 1
shuffle()

A: Pop's time complexity is not ideal in this situation. It would make more sense to store the value at rand1 as a temporary variable and replace it with the value at rand2, then replace the value at rand2 with the temporary variable. And even more efficient as mentioned in the below comment, you can swap two values without a temporary variable.
If you have a list of 1000 items for example, and you want to pop out the 500th item, it will run in N(500) time. Whereas you can access an item in a list in constant time.
If you're doing this as homework, try not to look at my answer below without implementing first by yourself.
def shuffle():
    ite = 0
    while ite <= 1000:
        rand1 = randint(0, len(card_deck) - 1)
        rand2 = randint(0, len(card_deck) - 1)
        card_deck[rand1], card_deck[rand2] = card_deck[rand2], card_deck[rand1]
        ite += 1

A: As @Sean Payne points out; pop() is not the way to go.  pop()is terribly slow when all you want to do is swap around values.  Python allows (encourages) tuple assignment, so one can swap values without using a temporary storage location x, y = y, x, or in this case deck[i], deck[j] = deck[j], deck[i].
A for loop is more pythonic than a while loop.
I'm guessing that your instructor is trying to get you to write a proper Knuth shuffle (link), also called Fisher-Yates, or Fisher-Yates-Knuth.  Durstenfeld was another significant contributor to the algorithm.
import random

def shuffle(deck):
    for i in range(len(deck)-1, 0, -1):
        j = random.randint(0,i)
        deck[i], deck[j] = deck[j], deck[i]
    return deck

mydeck = list(range(52))
print(mydeck)
print(shuffle(mydeck))

Try it online!
The big difference to note is that once you choose which item goes to the end of the list that you are working with, leave it there.  If you continue to generate numbers that allow your already shuffled items to be re-shuffled it actually reduces the randomness of the shuffle.  Mike Bostock and Jeff Atwood both have very good explanations of this problem.
If you really want to shuffle to both the front and the back, you could do something like
import random

def shuffle2(deck):
    back_of_deck = len(deck) - 1
    for i in range(len(deck)//2):
        front = random.randint(i,back_of_deck)
        back = random.randint(i,back_of_deck)
        deck[i], deck[front] = deck[front], deck[i]
        deck[back_of_deck], deck[back] = deck[back], deck[back_of_deck]
        back_of_deck -= 1
    return deck

mydeck = list(range(52))
print(mydeck)
print(shuffle2(mydeck))

Try it online!

A: I think this is what you are looking for
import random

def build_deck():
    '''
    build a fresh sorted deck of cards
    '''
    nums = range(1,14)
    types = ['Heart','Spade','Club','Diamond']
    deck = [(x,y) for x in types for y in nums]
    return deck

def get_random_indices(from_=1,to=50):
    '''
    get 2 random indices to choose from which are not similar
    '''
    index1 = random.randint(from_,to)
    index2 = random.randint(from_,to)
    if index1 == index2:
        index1,index2 = get_random_indices(from_,to)
    return index1,index2

def shuffle_deck(deck,n_times=52):
    '''
    shuffle deck n times
    '''
    if n_times>0:
        index1,index2 = get_random_indices()
        card1 = deck.pop(index1)
        card2 = deck.pop(index2)
        deck.append(card1)
        deck.insert(0,card2)
        n_times-=1
        shuffle_deck(deck,n_times=n_times)
    return deck

deck = build_deck()
new_deck = shuffle_deck(deck,52)
new_deck

You can add extra randomness by choosing the whether card1 should be inserted or appended by using random.choice()

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During a thirty five-year professional career, conductor Hal France has led organizations and performed with opera companies and symphony orchestras around the United States and abroad. He has completed tenures as Executive Director of KANEKO (2008–2012), Artistic Director of Opera Omaha (1995–2005), and Music Director of the Orlando Philharmonic (1999-2006).
His conducting credits include the Houston Grand Opera, Royal Philharmonic, National Symphony, New York City Opera, Seattle Opera, Florida Grand Opera, Opera Theatre of St. Louis, Santa Fe Opera, Glimmerglass Opera, Richmond Symphony, Jacksonville Symphony, New Jersey Symphony, Opera Company of Philadelphia, Lyric Opera of Kansas City, Chautauqua Opera, Lake George Opera, Minnesota Opera, Cleveland Opera, Opera Carolina, Wolf Trap Opera, Opera Festival of New Jersey, Hawaii Opera Theater, Utah Symphony and Opera, Mobile Opera, Tulsa Opera, Portland Opera, Kentucky Opera, Orlando Opera, Lawrence University, Northwestern University and the Royal Opera of Stockholm.
Maestro France is pleased to join Depaul University School of Music for this gala performance. His 2017 – 2018 seasons included Man of La Mancha for the Utah Opera, Pirates of Penzance at the Lyric Opera of Kansas City, the World Premiere of Stranger From Paradise for Opera Omaha by Nevada Jones, David Lang's Difficulty of Crossing A Field and Little Match Girl Passion for Portland Opera, Suor Angelica, Gianni Schicchi and The Turn of the Screw at DePaul Opera Theater, Street Scene for the Michigan State University Opera and Falstaff for Opera Omaha.


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Adolescent Family Life Act (1981)
The 1981 Adolescent Family Life Act, or AFLA, is a US federal law that provides federal funding to public and nonprofit private organizations to counsel adolescents to abstain from sex until marriage. AFLA was included under the Omnibus Reconciliation Act of 1981, which the US Congress signed into law that same year. Through the AFLA, the US Department of Health and Human Services, or HHS, funded a variety of sex education programs for adolescents to address the social and economic ramifications associated with pregnancy and childbirth among unmarried adolescents.
Subject: Legal, Outreach, Ethics, Reproduction
Whitner v. South Carolina (1997)
In the case Whitner v. South Carolina in 1997, the South Carolina State Supreme Court defined the concept of a child to include viable fetuses. This allowed grounds for prosecution of a pregnant womanÕs prenatal activity if those activities endangered or could potentially endanger the fetus within her. The case brought the issue of fetal rights versus pregnant womenÕs rights to light.
Subject: Legal, Reproduction
Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act (1990)
The Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act 1990 established the legal framework that governs infertility treatment, medical services ancillary to infertility treatment such as embryo storage, and all human embryological research performed in the UK. The law also defines a legal concept of the parent of a child conceived with assisted reproductive technologies.
Subject: Legal, Reproduction, Ethics
Evans v. People of the State of New York [Brief] (1872)
Attempts by the New York legislature to make abortion a crime regardless of the stage of gestation were permanently frustrated because the court decided that manslaughter cannot occur until the law recognizes a living being in gestation and that only happens after quickening.
Eisenstadt v. Baird (1972)
Prior to 1971, women had some difficulty obtaining contraceptive materials due to a law prohibiting the distribution of contraceptives by anyone other than a registered physician or registered pharmacist. This limited access to contraceptives had an impact on women's reproductive rights and it was the Supreme Court case Eisenstadt v. Baird (1972) that helped bring the issue into the public spotlight. It demonstrated that women's bodies have reproductive as well as anatomical functions, and that the right to privacy extends to those reproductive functions.
Jeter v. Mayo (2005)
In Jeter v. Mayo, the Court of Appeals of Arizona in 2005 held that a cryopreserved, three-day-old pre-embryo is not a person for purposes of Arizona's wrongful death statutes, and that the Arizona Legislature was best suited to decide whether to expand the law to include cryopreserved pre-embryos. The Court of Appeals affirmed a decision by the Maricopa County Superior Court to dismiss a couple's wrongful death claim after the Mayo Clinic (Mayo) allegedly lost or destroyed several of their cryopreserved pre-embryos.
Subject: Reproduction, Legal
Planned Parenthood v. Casey (1992)
Almost ten years after the landmark decision in Roe v. Wade (1973) the battle over abortion was still being waged. The reproductive rights of women in the United States were being challenged yet again by the Pennsylvania Abortion Control Act of 1982. The act was comprised of four provisions that restricted the fundamental right a woman had to obtaining an abortion, as established in Roe v. Wade. The four provisions included spousal notification, information disclosure, a twenty-four hour waiting period, and parental consent for minors.
Nightlight Christian Adoptions, et al. v. Thompson, et al. (2001)
Nightlight Christian Adoptions et al. v. Thompson et al. was a lawsuit filed in the United States District Court for the District of Columbia on 8 March 2001. The suit was filed because Nightlight Christian Adoptions, a frozen embryo adoption agency, felt that the Guidelines for Research Using Human Pluripotent Stem Cells published by the National Institutes for Health were unlawful and violated the restrictions on human embryo research put into place by the Dickey-Wicker Amendment. Additional plaintiffs with this suit were the Christian Medical Association, adult stem cell researcher Dr.
Turpin v. Sortini (1982)
The Supreme Court of California reversed the Superior Court of Fresno County's decision to dismiss the Turpins' claims in the case Turpin v. Sortini on 3 May 1982. The case was based upon a wrongful life claim, in which a disabled child sues physicians for neglecting to inform its parents of potential genetic defects, resulting in harm to the child when it is born. The Turpin case determined tha a physician could be liable for failing to inform parents of potential birth defects in the fetus.
Assisted Human Reproduction Act (2004)
The Assisted Human Reproduction Act (AHR Act) is a piece of federal legislation passed by the Parliament of Canada. The Act came into force on 29 March 2004. Many sections of the Act were struck down following a 2010 Supreme Court of Canada ruling on its constitutionality. The AHR Act sets a legislative and regulatory framework for the use of reproductive technologies such as in vitro fertilization and related services including surrogacy and gamete donation. The Act also regulates research in Canada involving in vitro embryos.
Social Implications of Non-Invasive Blood Tests to Determine the Sex of Fetuses
By 2011, researchers in the US had established that non-invasive blood tests can accurately determine the gender of a human fetus as early as seven weeks after fertilization. Experts predicted that this ability may encourage the use of prenatal sex screening tests by women interested to know the gender of their fetuses. As more people begin to use non-invasive blood tests that accurately determine the sex of the fetus at 7 weeks, many ethical questions pertaining to regulation, the consequences of gender-imbalanced societies, and altered meanings of the parent-child relationship.
Subject: Reproduction, Ethics, Legal
The Baby Doe Rules (1984)
The Baby Doe Rules represent the first attempt by the US government to directly intervene in treatment options for neonates born with congenital defects. The name of the rule comes from the controversial 1982 case of a Bloomington, Indiana infant Baby Doe, a name coined by the media. The Baby Doe Rules mandate that, as a requirement for federal funding, hospitals and physicians must provide maximal care to any impaired infant, unless select exceptions are met. If a physician or parent chooses to withhold full treatment when the exceptions are not met, they are liable for medical neglect.
Barry Morris Goldwater (1909–1998)
Barry Morris Goldwater was a Republican Arizona Senator and US presidential candidate in the twentieth-century whose policies supported the women's reproductive rights movement. Goldwater, a businessman and Air Force reservist, transitioned into politics in the 1950s. He helped align popular support for a conservative Republican Party in the 1960s. Throughout his life, he worked to maintain personal liberty and to limit governmental intrusion into citizens' private lives. Goldwater, influenced by his wife Margaret (Peggy) Goldwater, supported women's rights to abortions.
Subject: People, Reproduction, Legal, Religion
Roe v. Wade (1973)
In the 1973 case of Roe v. Wade, the US Supreme Court ruled that laws banning abortion violated the US Constitution. The Texas abortion laws, articles 1191–1194, and 1196 of the Texas penal code, made abortion illegal and criminalized those who performed or facilitated the procedure. Prior to Roe v. Wade, most states heavily regulated or banned abortions. The US Supreme Court decision in Roe v. Wade secured women's rights to terminate pregnancies for any reasons within the first trimester of pregnancy.
Litowitz v. Litowitz [Brief] (2002)
Pursuant to an express provision of the embryo disposition contract they both signed, a husband and wife had to petition the court for instructions because they could not reach an agreement about what to do with frozen embryos when they divorced. The trial court awarded the pre-embryos to the husband and the Court of Appeals affirmed this decision. However, the Washington Supreme Court ruled that the pre-embryos should be thawed out and allowed to expire because the dispute had not been resolved within a five year time frame prescribed by the Cryopreservation Agreement.
J.B. v. M.B. [Brief] (2001)
In a dispute over frozen embryos during a divorce case, the court decided the wife's fundamental right to not procreate mandated destruction of the pre-embryos in light of the husband's continuing ability to procreate with a different partner. The court also said embryo disposition agreements used by in vitro fertilization clinics were generally enforceable subject to either spouse's right to change his or her mind prior to use of the pre-embryos.
"Abstinence Education: Assessing the Accuracy and Effectiveness of Federally Funded Programs" (2008), by Government Accountability Office
On 23 April 2008, the US Government Accountability Office, or GAO, released a report titled, "Abstinence Education: Assessing the Accuracy and Effectiveness of Federally Funded Programs," hereafter "Abstinence Education," in which it investigated the scientific accuracy and effectiveness of abstinence-only education programs sanctioned by individual states and the US Department of Health and Human Services, or HHS. GAO is a government agency whose role is to examine the use of public funds, evaluate federal programs and activities, and provide nonpartisan support to the US Congress.
Subject: Legal, Reproduction, Publications
Title X Family Planning Program (1970–1977)
The Family Planning Services and Public Research Act of 1970, often called Title X Family Planning Program, is a US federal law that provides federal funding for family planning services to low income or uninsured families. The US federal government passed the law, Public Law 91-572, in 1970 as an amendment to the Public Health Services Act of 1944. The Act created the Office of Population Affairs (OPA) under the Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare (here called the Secretary).
Hwang Woo-suk's Use of Human Eggs for Research 2002-2005
Hwang Woo-suk, a geneticist in South Korea, claimed in Science magazine in 2004 and 2005 that he and a team of researchers had for the first time cloned a human embryo and that they had derived eleven stem cell lines from it. Hwang was a professor at Seoul National University in Seoul, South Korea. In the Science articles, Hwang stated that all of the women who donated eggs to his laboratory were volunteers who donated their eggs (oocytes) without receiving any compensation in return. In 2006, Hwang admitted that many of the results were fabricated.
Subject: Legal, Ethics, Reproduction
Buck v. Bell (1927)
In 1927, the US Supreme Court case Buck v. Bell set the legal precedent that states may sterilize inmates of public institutions because the court argued that imbecility, epilepsy, and feeblemindedness are hereditary, and that the inmates should be prevented from passing these defects to the next generation. On 2 May 1927, in an eight to one decision, the US Supreme Court ordered that Carrie Buck, feebleminded daughter of a feebleminded mother and herself the mother of a feebleminded child, be sterilized under the 1924 Virginia Eugenical Sterilization Act. Buck v.
Park v. Chessin (1977)
The New York Appellate Court ruled on 11 December 1977 in favor of Steven and Hetty Park and against Herbert Chessin for the wrongful life of the Parks' child. In a wrongful life case, a disabled or sometimes deceased child brings suit against a physician for failing to inform its parents of possible genetic defects, thereby causing harm to the child when born. Park v. Chessin was the first case to rule that medical personnel could be legally responsible for wrongful life. Further cases such as the 1979 case Berman v. Allan and the 1982 case Turpin v.
Doe v. Bolton (1973)
In the 1973 court case Doe v. Bolton, the US Supreme Court in Washington, D.C., ruled that a Georgia law regulating abortion was unconstitutional. The Georgia abortion law required women seeking abortions to get approval for the procedure from their personal physician, two consulting physicians, and from a committee at the admitting hospital. Furthermore, under the statutes, only women who had been raped, whose lives were in danger from the pregnancy, or who were carrying fetuses likely to be seriously, permanently malformed were permitted to receive abortions.
Burwell v. Hobby Lobby (2014)
In the 2014 case Burwell v. Hobby Lobby, the US Supreme Court ruled that the contraceptive mandate promulgated under the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act violated privately held, for-profit corporations' right to religious freedom. The contraception mandate, issued in 2012 by the US Department of Health and Human Services, required that employer-provided health insurance plans offer their beneficiaries certain contraceptive methods free of charge.
Whole Woman's Health v. Hellerstedt (2016)
In the 2016 case Whole Woman's Health v. Hellerstedt, the US Supreme Court ruled unconstitutional the Texas requirements that abortion providers have admitting privileges at local hospitals and that abortion facilities meet ambulatory surgical center standards. Whole Woman's Health represented abortion care providers in Texas and brought the case against the commissioner for the Texas Department of State Health Services, John Hellerstedt.
Summerfield v. Superior Court [Brief] (1985)
Arizona joined the majority of states that recognized wrongful death claims on behalf of a viable fetus, regardless of whether the child was born alive or died in the womb by expanding the definition of "person" to include a viable fetus.


Captiva and Sanibel Islands are a shelling paradise, with hundreds of species waiting to be discovered. Join us for a beach walk to learn basic bivalve and gastropod biology, find out why so many shells wash up on our beaches, and where to look for a few of the most coveted shells. We can't guarantee you'll find a junonia, but we promise you won't leave empty-handed!
Please Note: Shell Walks are a family-oriented program. Participants under 16 must be accompanied by a parent or adult over the age of 18.


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In case of any dispute, management's decision will to submit personal information about you and the customers you refer, such as name and email address. You agree to receive communications from us with regard to your participation in the Clovia Refer and Earn Program, and to allow us to communicate with your friends about your participation (for example, by disclosing to your friends that an invitation was sent by you). Any information collected from you or your referred customers as part of the Clovia Refer and Earn Program will be subject to Clovia's Privacy's Notice.


Justia › US Law › Case Law › Nebraska Case Law › Nebraska Supreme Court Decisions › 2014 › Kim v. Gen-X Clothing, Inc.
Matthew Kim was working at a retail clothing store when the store was robbed and Kim was shot multiple times. Kim filed for workers' compensation benefits. The Workers' Compensation Court found (1) Kim was entitled to temporary total disability (TTD) benefits; (2) Kim's inpatient treatment for chemical dependency, as well as an emergency room visit were compensable; and (3) Kim was entitled to payment of future medical expenses. The Supreme Court affirmed, holding that the compensation court (1) was not clearly wrong in finding Kim temporarily totally disabled and awarding him TTD benefits; (2) did not err in finding that the emergency room visit was related to the shooting and was compensable; (3) did not err in concluding that the inpatient treatment was compensable; and (4) did not err in finding that Kim was entitled to future medical expenses.
Nebraska Advance Sheets KIM v. GEN-X CLOTHING 927 Cite as 287 Neb. 927 subsequent to the date of the policy are excluded. Because the implied easements remained inchoate, they did not attach to Lot 2 until they were legally recognized by the decree of the district court which was entered September 7, 2010. The date of the title insurance policy was December 31, 2008. Because the implied easements attached subsequent to issuance of the policy, the easements were excluded by the terms of the policy. As a matter of law, Commonwealth did not have a duty to defend or indemnify the Woodles. CONCLUSION The provisions of the title insurance policy on Lot 2 did not provide coverage for the easements of ingress and egress for the benefit of Lots 1 and 3. Commonwealth did not violate its contract with the Woodles by denying coverage or indemnification. The district court did not err in sustaining Commonwealth s motion for summary judgment. Finding no merit in the Woodles assignments of error, we affirm the judgment of the district court. Affirmed. Matthew Kim, appellee, v. Gen-X Clothing, Inc., and Farmer s Truck I nsurance Exchange (Farmers), appellants. ___ N.W.2d ___ Filed April 11, 2014. No. S-13-802. 1. Workers Compensation: Appeal and Error. A judgment, order, or award of the Workers Compensation Court may be modified, reversed, or set aside only upon the grounds that (1) the compensation court acted without or in excess of its powers; (2) the judgment, order, or award was procured by fraud; (3) there is not sufficient competent evidence in the record to warrant the making of the order, judgment, or award; or (4) the findings of fact by the compensation court do not support the order or award. 2. ____: ____. In determining whether to affirm, modify, reverse, or set aside a judgment of the Workers Compensation Court, the findings of fact of the trial judge will not be disturbed on appeal unless clearly wrong. 3. Workers Compensation: Evidence: Appeal and Error. In testing the sufficiency of the evidence to support the findings of fact in a workers compensation Nebraska Advance Sheets 928 287 NEBRASKA REPORTS 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. case, every controverted fact must be resolved in favor of the successful party and the successful party will have the benefit of every inference that is reasonably deducible from the evidence. Workers Compensation: Words and Phrases. Temporary disability is the period during which the employee is submitting to treatment, is convalescing, is suffering from the injury, and is unable to work because of the accident. Workers Compensation. Total disability exists when an injured employee is unable to earn wages in either the same or a similar kind of work he or she was trained or accustomed to perform or in any other kind of work which a person of the employee s mentality and attainments could perform. ____. Whether a plaintiff in a Nebraska workers compensation case is totally disabled is a question of fact. Workers Compensation: Appeal and Error. Where the record presents nothing more than conflicting medical testimony, an appellate court will not substitute its judgment for that of the Workers Compensation Court. Workers Compensation. As the trier of fact, the Workers Compensation Court is the sole judge of the credibility of witnesses and the weight to be given their testimony. Appeal from the Workers Compensation Court: James R. Coe, Judge. Affirmed. Stacy L. Morris, of Lamson, Dugan & Murray, L.L.P., for appellants. Dirk V. Block and Steven J. Riekes, of Marks, Clare & Richards, L.L.C., for appellee. Heavican, C.J., Wright, Connolly, Stephan, McCormack, Miller-Lerman, and Cassel, JJ. Heavican, C.J. INTRODUCTION Matthew Kim was employed by Gen-X Clothing, Inc., a retail clothing store. While he was working, the store was robbed. The perpetrators later returned and shot Kim multiple times. Kim was thereafter diagnosed with both posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and chemical dependency. Kim filed for workers compensation benefits. Following a hearing, the Workers Compensation Court found that Kim had not yet reached maximum medical improvement (MMI) and was entitled to temporary total disability (TTD) benefits. In addition, the compensation court found Kim s inpatient treatment for chemical dependency, as well as an Nebraska Advance Sheets KIM v. GEN-X CLOTHING 929 Cite as 287 Neb. 927 October 2, 2011, emergency room visit, compensable. Finally, the compensation court credited Gen-X Clothing and its insurance carrier, Farmer s Truck Insurance Exchange (Farmers) (hereinafter collectively Gen-X), for prior medical expenses paid and found that Kim was entitled to payment of future medical expenses. Gen-X appeals. We affirm. FACTUAL BACKGROUND Kim was employed as a manager by Gen-X Clothing, a retail clothing store located in Omaha, Nebraska. He was working on June 28, 2011, when he suffered multiple gunshot wounds. The shooting was revenge for the reporting of an earlier robbery at the store. After the shooting, the perpetrators made telephone calls to Kim, further threatening him, his mother, and his son. In September 2011, Kim began seeing Peter Cusumano, a licensed mental health practitioner and a licensed alcohol and drug counselor. Cusumano evaluated Kim, diagnosed him with PTSD and chemical dependency, and determined that he would benefit from outpatient treatment. Prior to the shooting, Kim drank alcohol and was a recreational drug user. But Kim testified that around the time he began treatment with Cusumano, his use of alcohol and drugs began to increase. Kim testified that he used the alcohol and drugs to help him sleep and to cope with the shooting. On October 2, 2011, Kim visited the emergency room after waking from a nightmare and suffering a panic attack. Right around the time of this visit, the record shows that Kim s medical providers began recommending inpatient treatment for Kim, because they did not believe he could safely detoxify without experiencing significant, possibly fatal, withdrawal. Kim was eventually admitted to inpatient drug and alcohol treatment on February 13, 2012. At trial, Kim testified to his life since the shooting. He indicated that he suffered from anxiety and mostly stayed at home, especially at night. Kim testified that he attended church and his son s school functions. When he did go out, he would do so way out in West Omaha, because he was afraid to be in his own neighborhood. Kim testified that about two Nebraska Advance Sheets 930 287 NEBRASKA REPORTS to three times per week, he has nightmares about his family s being harmed. Kim testified that he bought a gun and carries a pocketknife with him. Kim also testified that the threatening telephone calls led the family to move out of his mother s home for a period of time. Cusumano testified at trial. He was cross-examined about Kim s prior drug use and indicated that such use would not have required inpatient rehabilitation if Kim had not been shot. Cusumano agreed that he had opined Kim needed rehab, regardless of the shooting, but denied that he meant inpatient treatment when he used that term. Dr. Brian Lubberstedt was Kim s treating psychiatrist. Lubberstedt was also extensively questioned about Kim s prior drug use. Lubberstedt testified by deposition that Kim s prior use was recreational and that the prior use did not meet any of the criteria for alcohol or chemical dependency. Lubberstedt and counsel for Gen-X had the following exchange: [Gen-X counsel:] And you indicated also that you couldn t tell for sure whether . . . Kim had alcohol and drug dependency prior to the shooting because you hadn t seen him prior to the shooting? [Lubberstedt:] Correct. Q. Isn t it also true that you can t say for sure whether the rehab, inpatient rehab that he went through was a result of solely the shooting or whether it was something that he would have needed to go to regardless of the shooting? A. [I] believe with the inpatient rehab that he did. I can say with a little bit more certainty that that one was a result. He was using regularly upon his first evaluation here but not to the level where it required inpatient . . . chemical dependency treatment, so as far as our clinic goes, we were able to witness that part of the progression of his symptoms from regular problematic use to regular what I would consider to be life-threatening use that then required inpatient treatment. Q. Inpatient treatment is something that would be called for for sporadic or just regular use, drug use Nebraska Advance Sheets KIM v. GEN-X CLOTHING 931 Cite as 287 Neb. 927 also, right? As opposed to, I guess, an every-day type of thing? A. Well, somebody with PTSD doesn t always get chemical dependency treatment, and so, I mean, the two you know, again, the way that he has progressed within our clinic was that when we when [Cusumano] first saw him, he felt like the use was at a stable level and at the level where he could be successful with outpatient treatment, and so that was what was initially recommended was actually outpatient treatment, and that was not successful due to the escalation that occurred. Q. But you don t know whether if the shooting hadn t happened he would have needed rehab regardless? A. No, I don t know if he would have required rehab. In addition, Kim s prior mental health history was at issue. According to the record, Kim had suffered from bouts of depression beginning in 2003 and occasionally took medication to treat it. Lubberstedt was asked about this history, but indicated that it did not affect the PTSD or chemical dependency diagnosis, because depression and PTSD were fairly distinct entities. Finally, Lubberstedt testified that Kim s past psychiatric care, including inpatient treatment, was reasonable and medically necessary as a result of Kim s shooting. He further testified that he did not believe Kim had reached MMI; however, he allowed that because Kim s primary issue was anxiety about leaving his home, Kim might be able to work from home. In his testimony, Cusumano stated that he did not believe Kim was ready to return to work or that Kim had reached MMI. As of the time of trial, Kim continued to be treated by Lubberstedt and his staff for PTSD and chemical dependency. Gen-X offered the report of Dr. Eli Chesen. Chesen agreed with Kim s diagnoses of PTSD and chemical dependency, and he further found that Kim s panic, insomnia, and drinking were related to his PTSD. Chesen indicated that the insomnia and drug abuse were caused by the June 28, 2011, shooting and that inpatient treatment, including participation in a 12-step program, would be appropriate. Nebraska Advance Sheets 932 287 NEBRASKA REPORTS But Chesen found that Kim had reached MMI on February 22, 2012. Chesen also concluded there was no objective medical evidence to indicate that Kim s ongoing drug use was a consequence of the shooting or that Kim currently required treatment for PTSD. In a report dated November 4, 2012, Chesen opined that Kim was a lifelong abuser of recreational drugs, that Kim was well past MMI, and that Kim was falsely exaggerating or imputing his PTSD symptoms for secondary gain. The Workers Compensation Court awarded Kim TTD benefits of $400 a week and ordered Gen-X to pay certain outstanding medical expenses, including $5,209 for the October 2, 2011, emergency room visit and $13,236.53 for the inpatient chemical dependency treatment, subject to certain credits for prior payment. The compensation court also ordered Gen-X to pay for reasonably necessary further medical and hospital services. Gen-X appeals. ASSIGNMENTS OF ERROR Gen-X assigns that the compensation court erred in (1) finding that Kim was temporarily and totally disabled and in awarding past and future TTD benefits; (2) finding the October 2, 2011, emergency room visit compensable; (3) finding the inpatient substance abuse treatment compensable; and (4) ordering Gen-X to pay for future medical treatment. STANDARD OF REVIEW [1,2] A judgment, order, or award of the Workers Compensation Court may be modified, reversed, or set aside only upon the grounds that (1) the compensation court acted without or in excess of its powers; (2) the judgment, order, or award was procured by fraud; (3) there is not sufficient competent evidence in the record to warrant the making of the order, judgment, or award; or (4) the findings of fact by the compensation court do not support the order or award.1 In determining whether to affirm, modify, reverse, or set aside a 1 Hynes v. Good Samaritan Hosp., 285 Neb. 985, 830 N.W.2d 499 (2013). Nebraska Advance Sheets KIM v. GEN-X CLOTHING 933 Cite as 287 Neb. 927 judgment of the Workers Compensation Court, the findings of fact of the trial judge will not be disturbed on appeal unless clearly wrong.2  In testing the sufficiency of the evidence to support the findings of fact in a workers compensation case, every controverted fact must be resolved in favor of the successful party and the successful party will have the benefit of every inference that is reasonably deducible from the evidence.3 ANALYSIS Award of TTD Benefits. [4-6] In its first assignment of error, Gen-X assigns that the compensation court erred in awarding Kim TTD benefits. Temporary disability is the period during which the employee is submitting to treatment, is convalescing, is suffering from the injury, and is unable to work because of the accident.4 Total disability exists when an injured employee is unable to earn wages in either the same or a similar kind of work he or she was trained or accustomed to perform or in any other kind of work which a person of the employee s mentality and attainments could perform.5 Whether a plaintiff in a Nebraska workers compensation case is totally disabled is a question of fact.6 Gen-X argues that the trial court s finding that Kim was entitled to TTD benefits was contrary to the evidence presented at trial and was clearly wrong. Gen-X suggests that both Lubberstedt and Chesen testified that Kim was ready to return to work. We disagree with Gen-X s characterization of the record. Lubberstedt s testimony was that Kim was not ready to return to work, though he allowed that Kim might be able to work from home. In addition, Cusumano testified that he did not believe Kim was ready to return to work. Only Chesen testified 2 3 4 5 6 See id. Zwiener v. Becton Dickinson-East, 285 Neb. 735, 829 N.W.2d 113 (2013). Id. Id. Id. Nebraska Advance Sheets 934 287 NEBRASKA REPORTS that Kim was ready to return to work. These opinions were all considered by the trial court, which found Lubberstedt s and Cusumano s testimonies more persuasive than Chesen s. This it was allowed to do.7 Nor do we find merit to Gen-X s contention on appeal that Kim could work from home. We agree that in response to a question on cross-examination, Lubberstedt did testify to as much. But this statement was contradictory to Lubberstedt s other testimony, as well as to Cusumano s testimony. Where the testimony of the same expert is conflicting, resolution of the conflict rests with the trier of fact.8 We find no error in the compensation court s resolution of this conflict. We conclude that the compensation court was not clearly wrong in finding Kim temporarily totally disabled and awarding him TTD benefits. Gen-X s first assignment of error is without merit. October 2, 2011, Emergency Room Visit. Gen-X next assigns that the compensation court erred in finding Kim s October 2, 2011, emergency room visit was caused by the shooting. Gen-X argues that there was no medical evidence causally linking the visit to the shooting and that the trial court erred when it found such a link in Lubberstedt s testimony. The trial court found that the emergency room visit was related to the shooting, because the notes from the visit indicated that Kim reported he had previously been shot and felt unsafe at home. The trial court then discussed the opinions of Lubberstedt and Chesen before concluding that the emergency room visit, as well as the inpatient treatment, was compensable based upon Lubberstedt s testimony that Kim s PTSD and chemical dependency were a result of the shooting. We agree that Lubberstedt did not testify about the causal link between the emergency room visit and the shooting. But 7 8 See Swanson v. Park Place Automotive, 267 Neb. 133, 672 N.W.2d 405 (2003). Id. Nebraska Advance Sheets KIM v. GEN-X CLOTHING 935 Cite as 287 Neb. 927 we disagree with Gen-X that the trial court found Lubberstedt testified to such a link. Nor do we think expert testimony was necessary to support a causal link between the visit and the shooting. Instead, we conclude that the trial court was simply noting its reasoning that things relating to the shooting, notably Kim s PTSD and subsequent chemical dependency, were caused by the shooting and were compensable as supported by Lubberstedt s testimony. And the trial court could reach this decision without Lubberstedt s testifying to a causal link, because such a link was established from the medical record itself. As the trial court found, the notes from the visit indicate that the reason for Kim s visit was the result of his feeling of being unsafe and that he felt unsafe because of the shooting. Kim s own testimony lends further support to the causal link. Kim testified that right around this time, his alcohol and drug use began to increase and he became afraid to sleep or leave the house. Eventually, he moved out of his mother s house. Kim testified that the situation culminated on October 2, 2011, when he awoke from a nightmare, with his heart racing, and had a panic attack. Kim testified that as a result of the incident, he went to the emergency room. The compensation court did not err in finding that the October 2, 2011, emergency room visit was related to the shooting and was compensable. Gen-X s second assignment of error is without merit. Inpatient Rehabilitation. In its third assignment of error, Gen-X argues the compensation court erred in finding that Kim s inpatient chemical dependency treatment was compensable. In particular, Gen-X argues that the trial court failed to adequately consider Chesen s opinions and that it also failed to properly discredit Kim s testimony because of alleged inconsistencies in that testimony. Essentially, Gen-X argues that Kim was a lifelong drug abuser and would have needed inpatient treatment regardless of the shooting. Nebraska Advance Sheets 936 287 NEBRASKA REPORTS Gen-X argues that the trial court made certain incorrect findings of fact. We agree insofar as the trial court found Chesen opined that Kim had reached MMI on September 22, 2012, when in fact Chesen opined that Kim had reached MMI on February 22, 2012. And we agree the trial court s findings were incomplete in that it noted Chesen found Kim was essentially a life-long drug abuser of recreational drugs in a November 4, 2012, report. While Chesen did make such a finding in that report, Chesen also stated that same opinion in a February 22, 2012, report. [7,8] But a review of the record shows that contrary to Gen-X s contention, the trial court did not rely on the timing of Chesen s opinions in reaching its ultimate conclusion. In fact, this case presents nothing more than conflicting expert opinions. And where the record presents such conflicting medical testimony, an appellate court will not substitute its judgment for that of the Workers Compensation Court.9 As the trier of fact, the compensation court is the sole judge of the credibility of witnesses and the weight to be given their testimony.10 Lubberstedt testified that Kim s prior drug use was recreational, that he was not dependent prior to the shooting and subsequent PTSD, and that the inpatient treatment was likely necessary as a result of the shooting. Chesen opined that Kim was a lifelong drug user and that his current use and inpatient treatment were not related to his PTSD diagnosis. While Kim alternately suggested that he had or had not used particular drugs in the past, his testimony was consistent with respect to his description of that use as recreational. Lubberstedt indicated that at the time Kim began treatment, which was before Kim began to heavily self-medicate for the PTSD, Kim did not meet the definition of chemical dependency. The trial court was entitled to give more weight to Lubberstedt s testimony than to Chesen s testimony11 and was 9 10 11 Id. See id. See id. Nebraska Advance Sheets KIM v. GEN-X CLOTHING 937 Cite as 287 Neb. 927 the sole judge of the credibility of the witnesses.12 As such, the compensation court did not err in concluding that the inpatient treatment was compensable. Gen-X s third assignment of error is without merit. Future Medical Expenses. Finally, Gen-X assigns that the compensation court erred in awarding Kim future medical expenses. Gen-X argues that Lubberstedt s testimony was insufficient to show that further medical treatment was reasonably necessary. Gen-X s argument is without merit. A review of Lubberstedt s testimony shows that future medical treatment was reasonably necessary. Lubberstedt testified that Kim had not reached MMI. Further, Lubberstedt testified that Kim was continuing counseling and medication management with Lubberstedt s practice. At the time of trial, Kim was still seeking counseling services two to four times per month. Lubberstedt explained that eventually, Kim would plateau and would likely not show a continued improvement with what we re currently doing, but that there were other options left to try. Kim s prognosis was guarded, but Lubberstedt was hopeful. The trial court did not err in finding that Kim was entitled to future medical expenses. Gen-X s fourth assignment of error is without merit. CONCLUSION The decision of the compensation court is affirmed. Affirmed. 12 See id.


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Zionism and the Press in Australia: Two Views
While the press in Australia may be less inhibited than that of many other countries, journalists there — like their counterparts elsewhere — must still contend with considerable pressure from the Jewish-Zionist lobby. Recently, some prominent Australian journalists were invited by the quarterly journal Generation to discuss how that country's media deals with issues of concern to the Jewish community. The frank responses of two of them are reprinted here from The Australian Jewish News [Melbourne edition], Dec. 4, 1992 (p. 19):
'I Surrender'
I have said publicly that I will never write or speak on the subject of Israel or Palestine ever again. Here is why:
The Zionist lobby in this country is malicious, implacable, mendacious and dangerous. They have caused me a great deal of lost sleep — and in the end my insomnia has not contributed anything to the resolution of the conflict over Palestine. I might as well keep my mouth shut and get some sleep.
What's more, once the expression "anti-Semite" hits the air, or, heaven forfend, the sacred formula "six million" is uttered, then I know from bitter experience that there is not one manager or editor in the country who will defend an underling. We are thrown to the jackals.
In the end the truly tolerant have no defence against intolerance. I surrender. To the Zionists I say: you win. To the Palestinians: forgive my cowardice.
-- Terry Lane, broadcaster for ABC television and a newspaper columnist.
'Own Worst Enemies'
I have fronted at numerous Jewish fundraising dinners, written obsessively about the Holocaust, trudged around the death camps, performed opening ceremonies at exhibitions in the Great Synagogue in Sydney and fulminated against John Bennett and other revisionists.
As a consequence, I've enjoyed excellent relations with the Jewish community and with its principal political and social organizations
And then a funny thing happened. I was the guest speaker at a fundraising dinner at Jewish doctors in Sydney. It was a pleasant, congenial occasion, and despite my friendly criticism of certain aspects of Jewish political behavior (in Australia), I was warmly applauded.
However, the Jewish News gave a slightly distorted version of what I'd said, and, lo and behold, I suddenly became the Jews' worst enemy. Dozens of letters accused me of being an anti-semite.
I then received an extraordinary letter from [Jewish community leader] Bill Rubinstein which I found offensive in tone and remarkably patronizing. As it illustrated some of the very points I'd made in my talk to the doctors, I published it in The Australian and all hell broke loose. Lots more letters accusing me of being an anti-semite.
All in all, it was such a bruising and unpleasant experience that I decided not to write on Jewish matters again. Or at least to take a long sabbatical from matters semitic.
I could cover pages with evidence of my good-will to the Jewish community… In short, I felt that I'd paid my dues. And yet it took only a hint of cautious, friendly criticism to put me on the receiving end of Jewish anger.
… When it comes to dealing with the outside world, with we goyim who are also concerned by aspects of Israeli policy, the [Jewish] ranks close and the reactions can be excessive.
I could tell you of many attempts to repress or suppress an energetic debate on matters relating to Israel. I could describe a number of circumstances where Jewish organizations used a sledge-hammer to crack a walnut, over-reacting in a ludicrous manner to things they'd found objectionable in print or broadcasting.
When talking to the wider world, I try and explain such excesses in terms of Jewish suffering and anxieties. But when I talk to Jews, I have to say that, again and again, you're your own worst enemies. Instead of trying to persuade people to your point of view, there's a tendency to bully, to threaten, to censor.
So as a friend who has laid wreaths at the concentration camps… let me ask Australian Jews, and Jewish organizations, to be more careful in the way they respond to debate in the Australian media. In America there has been a systematic overkill which has led to widespread resentment. I would not like that to happen here.
-- Phillip Adams, columnist for The Australian, a Sydney-based nationally circulated daily paper, and a broadcaster for ABC television.
From The Journal of Historical Review, May/June 1993 (Vol. 13, No. 3), page 15.


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Local charity rescues elderly and ill from Puerto Rico
Two planes land at Palm Beach International Airport
Updated: 11:22 PM EDT Sep 26, 2017
Ari Hait
WEBVTT TODD: THOSE rtPASSENGERS ARECONSIDERED AT-RISK, AND NEEDMEDICAL ATTENTION.ARI HAIT WAS AT PALM BEACHINTERNATIONAL AIRPORT ASFAMILIES REUNITED WITH THEIRLOVED ONES.ARI?ARI: TWOrt PLANES ARRIVED, THEPASSENGERS TRYING TO GET AWAYFROM THE DEVASTATION IN PUERTORICO.rtTHE ORGANIZATION HOPES THEY ARENOT DONE BECAUSE THEY BELIEVETHERE IS SO MUCH MORE WORK TODO.CALIN ROMAN IS TRYING TO BEPATIENT, TRYING TO CALMLY WAITFOR HER SISTERS TO ARRIVE ON APLANE FROM PUERTO RICO.rt>> IT IS GOING TO BE NICE TO SEETHEM AND TO SEE THAT THEY ARESAFE.ARI: ROMAN'S SISTERS ARE RIGHTNOW IN THErt AIR, EVACUATED FROMTHE DEVASTATED ISLAND BY A LOCALCHARITY CALLED THE EAGLES WINGSFOUNDATION.USING A $40,000 DONATION FROMTHE LAW FIRM OF SEARCY DENNY,EAGLES WINGS CHARTERED PLANES,rtFLEW TO PUERTO RICO, AND RESCUEDTHE ELDERLY AND THE ILL.>> THEY HAVE NO WATERrt, AND THEYARE RUNNING OUT OF FOOD.IT IS A VERY SERIOUS SITUATION.>> WE HAD THE CHANCE TO MAKErt ADIFFERENCE, AND WE STEPPED UPAND MADE A DIFFERENCE.ARI: ONE EAGLES WINGS PLANELANDED AROUND 6:30 TUESDAYNIGHT, BUT ROMAN'S SISTERS WERENOT ON IT.ABOUT 10 OTHER EVACUEES WERE,HAPPY TO BE SAFE AWAY FROMrtPUERTO RICO'S DEVASTATION.>> TERRIBLE.THE WINDOWS WERE OUT.rtHALF OF THE WINDOWS WERE OUT, NOELECTRICITY.ARI: MORE WAITING FOR ROMAN,MORE PACING UNTIL FINALLY, THEWHEELS OF THE NEXT PLANE WERE ONTHE GROUND.>>rt HI, THIS IS MY SISTER,MILLIE.ARI: AND SISTERS WERE TOGETHERAGAIN.BUT IN JUST THE SHORT MOMENTS ITTOOK TO GATHER THEIR BAGS, THErtREASON WHY THEY'RE HERE HIT HOMEAGAIN.>> IT IS HEARTBREAKING.IT IS.IT IS SUCH A BEAUTIFUL ISLAND.rtOPTION IT HURTS JUST -- >> ITHURTS TO SEE THE ISLANDDESTROYED.ARI: THE FERNANDEZ SISTERS SAYTHEY WILL GO BACK AS SOON ASrtTHEY CAN, AS SOON AS IT'S SAFE.>> A LOT OF PEOPLE ARE STILLTRYING TO GET OUT.WE WERE SO LUCKY.rtARI: THIS FOUNDATION WANTS OTHERPEOPLE TO BE AS LUCKY, BUT THEYARE RUNNING INTO PROBLEMSrtLANDING AGAIN IN PUERTO RICO.THEY ARE HOPING TO SEND ANOTHERPLANE ON THURSDAY.IF YOU WOULD LIKE TO DONATE TOTHIS CHARITY, THERE IS A LINK ON
Calin Roman sat in the lobby, trying to be patient and trying to be calm as she waited for her sisters to arrive on a plane from Puerto Rico."It's going to be nice to see them and to see that they're safe," Roman said.Roman's sisters both live in Puerto Rico, reeling from the disastrous effects of Hurricane Maria.As Roman sat in the lobby, her sisters were in the air, evacuated from the island by a local charity called the Eagles Wings Foundation.Using a $40,000 donation from the law firm of Searcy Denney, Eagles Wings chartered planes, flew to Puerto Rico, and rescued the elderly and the ill."They have no water and they're running out of food," said Scott Lewis of the Eagles Wings Foundation. "It is a very serious situation.""We had a chance to make a difference," said Chris Searcy, explaining why his firm donated the money. "And we stepped up and made a difference."The first Eagles Wings plane landed around 6:30, but Roman's sisters were not on it.Ten other evacuees got off the plane, greeted by family, and happy to be away from Puerto Rico's devastation."Terrible," said Sally Hennessey, describing the conditions on the island. "Half the windows were out. We had no electricity."Roman went back to waiting. She paced the lobby a few times, occasionally checking her watch.Finally, the wheels of Eagles Wings' second plane touched ground.Sisters were again together."I'm so happy to be here!" exclaimed Millie Fernandez as she hugged her sister.But in just the short time it took them to gather their bags, the reason why the sisters are in Florida hit home again."It's heartbreaking and it's such a beautiful island," Millie said."It really hurts to see the island destroyed," said Roman's other sister, Jenny Fernandez. "The island is destroyed."The Fernandez sisters are now in Florida but only temporarily. They vowed to go back to Puerto Rico as soon as they can."A lot of people are still there trying to get out and we were so lucky," Millie said.Eagles Wings is trying to charter more planes but they're having a hard time getting permission to land in Puerto Rico. They hope to send at least one more plane on Thursday.If you'd like to donate to the Eagles Wings Foundation, you can visit their website at http://www.ewfrelief.org/
WEST PALM BEACH, Fla. —
Calin Roman sat in the lobby, trying to be patient and trying to be calm as she waited for her sisters to arrive on a plane from Puerto Rico.
"It's going to be nice to see them and to see that they're safe," Roman said.
Roman's sisters both live in Puerto Rico, reeling from the disastrous effects of Hurricane Maria.
As Roman sat in the lobby, her sisters were in the air, evacuated from the island by a local charity called the Eagles Wings Foundation.
Using a $40,000 donation from the law firm of Searcy Denney, Eagles Wings chartered planes, flew to Puerto Rico, and rescued the elderly and the ill.
"They have no water and they're running out of food," said Scott Lewis of the Eagles Wings Foundation. "It is a very serious situation."
"We had a chance to make a difference," said Chris Searcy, explaining why his firm donated the money. "And we stepped up and made a difference."
The first Eagles Wings plane landed around 6:30, but Roman's sisters were not on it.
Ten other evacuees got off the plane, greeted by family, and happy to be away from Puerto Rico's devastation.
"Terrible," said Sally Hennessey, describing the conditions on the island. "Half the windows were out. We had no electricity."
Roman went back to waiting.
She paced the lobby a few times, occasionally checking her watch.
Finally, the wheels of Eagles Wings' second plane touched ground.
Sisters were again together.
"I'm so happy to be here!" exclaimed Millie Fernandez as she hugged her sister.
But in just the short time it took them to gather their bags, the reason why the sisters are in Florida hit home again.
"It's heartbreaking and it's such a beautiful island," Millie said.
"It really hurts to see the island destroyed," said Roman's other sister, Jenny Fernandez. "The island is destroyed."
The Fernandez sisters are now in Florida but only temporarily. They vowed to go back to Puerto Rico as soon as they can.
"A lot of people are still there trying to get out and we were so lucky," Millie said.
Eagles Wings is trying to charter more planes but they're having a hard time getting permission to land in Puerto Rico.
They hope to send at least one more plane on Thursday.
If you'd like to donate to the Eagles Wings Foundation, you can visit their website at http://www.ewfrelief.org/


Portrait photography is one of the most amazing genres in my eyes. Simple on the surface, yet complex and diverse underneath. At first glance, photographing people is pretty simple, but when it's broken down into the 4 main elements: Location, Lighting, Subject & Camera we start to understand the subtle nuances of what it takes to build up a wide and diverse portrait portfolio.
To get started with artificially-lit portraiture, there are 3 main lighting types: Rembrandt, Split and Butterfly. Each of these lighting types has characteristics which allow us to be creative. And it's by experimenting with each of these lighting types you will learn how to control the shadow placement on your subject, and how by combining these techniques you'll discover the art of the portrait.
Rembrandt lighting: Light will come across the face from a 45 degree angle in an elevated position from the eye-line of the subject. The bridge of the nose should create a triangular area of light under the eye the other side.
Split Lighting: the light will hit one side of the face or part of the head creating a deep shadow on the other side. Normally the light source would be behind the eyeline of the subject.
Butterfly lighting: Commonly used in beauty set ups, the light should present evenly across the face in line with the nose and high above the subjects eye-line. Even shadows under the nose are a sign of this lighting set up.
In the example I am using here, I have mixed two of these lighting types to give me the effect I am looking for. I have also used two types of light known as Hard light and Soft Light.
Hard light creates shadows with sharp edges; it is made by using undiffused light sources such as a Speedlight aimed directly at the subject.
Soft light creates shadows with a smooth transition between light & dark; it is made by using indirect light sources or by using diffusers to scatter and soften the light before it reaches the subject.
In our example we have set up the split light to have a hard light and the Rembrandt light to be soft.
Firstly I set up the 'Key Light' (most important light in the shot) to the Rembrandt Lighting position using a Cactus RF60 Speedlight & a Roundflash modifier. I found the exposure setting I wanted by selecting the f-stop I wanted on the camera after setting the ISO at 200. I left the shutter speed at 1/125th of a second.
Our 'Hair light' is in the Split Lighting position and is set up to be used as a hard light. In the sample for this blog we used another Cactus Speedlight but this time modified with a piece of black wrap. This is the same as cooking foil or aluminum foil that you would find in a kitchen, but is matte black. It is very common in the film industry as a quick and effective way to shape light or to block light 'spilling' over to an area that was not intended. Here I have rolled it up and created a homemade snoot to give me very close control of the placement of light.
I then used a V6 Cactus Trigger mounted on to the camera hotshoe to control the power output of the flashes; which were mounted on a set of tripods remotely. This allowed me to work faster and in a more controlled way. Once ready, I took three images: one of each light firing independently and then one shot with both firing together to create the final look.
The angle of the camera for this shot was placed just below the subjects eyeline to give her a powerful look, and in this example I used the XF90mm lens to get rid of any unwelcome distortion that wide angles can give.
Focal lengths from around 50mm to 200mm are good for a head shot or portrait.
Portraits are about timing, emotion & people, not cameras, lights or anything that is technical.
The technical guidelines are always starting points and flexible at that.
The bigger & broader the light, the softer the shadows will be. If you want contrast – move your light source away from your model.
The story is in the shadows.
When setting up your lights, use a lightmeter if you can.
Be creative, but don't over complicate the shot.
Here is the final resulting image which has been converted to black & white.


A new method of financing government programs such as early childhood education and prison reforms is generating a near giddiness among states and philanthropists eager to participate.
Social impact bonds allow foundations and private-sector investors to participate in funding programs aimed at easing social ills and earn a financial return if the programs are successful.
"Interest in social impact bonds is sweeping the United States," said philanthropist Phillip Fisher, whose Mission Throttle organization in Southfield is at the forefront of this emerging social investing model here.
Michigan is among a handful of states that are in the process of developing projects that can be financed by social impact bonds.
"I've never seen anything move as quickly from concept to execution as I've seen with this social impact bond model," said Joe Pavona, Gov. Rick Snyder's special adviser on the project.
In September, Michigan was one of eight states chosen in a national competition to receive technical assistance from the Harvard Kennedy School of Government in designing social impact bond projects.
Established with support from The Rockefeller Foundations, Harvard's Social Impact Bond Technical Assistance Lab conducts research on how governments can foster social innovation and improve results from social spending programs.
But social impact bonds aren't really bonds. And there's little evidence so far that they can alleviate social ills while earning profits for investors.
A government unit contracts with an intermediary that raises capital from investors. The intermediary then contracts with a nonprofit service provider to run a multiyear program that attempts to alleviate a social problem, such as homelessness or prison recidivism.
An outside adviser monitors progress and works with the nonprofit to make any needed modifications during the course of the program.
At the end of the contract, an independent assessor determines the results of the program and how much the government should repay investors.
The programs usually are judged on their ability to be replicated and expanded to serve a larger number of people.
Depending on how the deals are structured, investors can lose a portion or all of their money if program goals aren't met.
Social impact bonds are such a recent invention that no one really knows how effective they can be in easing social ills and saving money for taxpayers, the two main goals of this financing structure.
"It's so new that the jury is still out. We're all just learning about this now," said Gilda Jacobs, president of the Michigan League for Public Policy, which advocates on behalf of economically vulnerable state residents.
Social impact bonds were first used in Britain in 2010 to try to reduce recidivism rates in a prison there where 60 percent of prisoners released landed back behind bars within a year.
The six-year program, which provides housing and other support, has so far led to a 6 percent drop in recidivism, according to a government report.
New York City launched the first social impact bond program in the country last year, focusing on reducing recidivism among 16- and 18-year olds detained at the Riker's Island jail.
The program is being financed by a $9.6 billion loan from the investment banking firm Goldman Sachs. A portion of the loan is guaranteed by Bloomberg Philanthropies, the charitable giving arm of New York City Mayor Michael Bloomberg.
Goldman Sachs will be repaid if recidivism rates at the jail drop by 10 percent. The bank could make up to $2.1 million if the rates fall further, according to the New York Times.
Massachusetts is developing two social impact bond programs targeting juvenile justice issues and homelessness. The state also has established a $50 million Social Innovation Financing program to pay for positive outcomes in future programs.
In June, Goldman Sachs, Chicago investor J.B. Pritzker and the state of Utah announced a social impact bond program in which the two investors will lend $7 million to expand early childhood education for at-risk children.
Social impact bonds also have found a cheerleader in President Barack Obama, whose administration has proposed hundreds of millions of dollars in federal budget support over the past several years to implement them.
But so far, Congress has balked at approving the funding requests.
Philanthropic groups in Michigan are making a variety of similar investments under the broad umbrella of "impact investing" that includes social impact bonds.
In 2007, the W.K. Kellogg Foundation in Battle Creek created a $100 million fund in which it invests in businesses aligned with its mission of improving the lives of vulnerable children and families.
Traditionally, foundations have made grants to communities and organizations that provide no financial return to the foundations.
"The main issue that everyone recognizes is that resources are tight in the public sector and that social impact bonds are one of the options for new opportunities in financing services," said Rob Collier, president of the 350-member Council for Michigan Foundations.
"Our governor heard about this and is moving forward on it. Clearly, the foundation community needs to be engaged, as well," he said.
But some are skeptical that social impact bonds can be scaled up enough to significantly ease social ills, such as illiteracy, homelessness or crime.
In Michigan, Pavona said the state likely will engage in two or three social impact bond pilot projects totaling about $5 million. It could be years before it is known whether the projects can be expanded.
Pavona said social impact bonds are designed to be most effective in preventive projects such as addressing homelessness, childhood development and women's prenatal health.
Fisher at Mission Throttle is pushing the state to create a social impact bond pilot project to expand early childhood education in the state.
Some experts worry about the potential for corruption in social impact bond projects.
Others say that social media bonds look suspiciously like another form of privatized government services, which have had mixed results.
Investments in things such as early childhood education can take years to pay off. It's unclear if investors would be willing to wait that long for a payoff, she said.
Fisher said social impact bonds could be a powerful lever to expand resources aimed at easing social ills.
The needs of communities are typically the greatest in economic downturns when government is under the most financial stress, he said. And philanthropic organizations are able to provide only a fraction of the money needed for social services.
Social impact bonds can help fill the funding gap by attracting socially minded corporate and individual investors, Fisher said.
"Historically, we've depended on government and foundations to solve our problems," he said. "The governor wants to engage citizens in an opportunity to invest in their own communities.
This is the first I have heard of social impact funds so my comments are based on what is in the article. "A government unit contracts with an intermediary..." That suggests government is sub-contracting through a 'middle-man' for social services. Will this avoid current contracting protocols? "An outside adviser monitors progress and works with the nonprofit to make any needed modifications during the course of the program." This indicates that along with the 'middleman' there will be the added layer of an 'adviser'. I wonder why, is there a trust problem, is there a lack of know on the governments part to do a fair and accurate assessment? "The programs usually are judged on their ability to be replicated and expanded to serve a larger number of people." It appears that the government is only interested in programs that can be used by others and how many people the program includes. It doesn't appear the government has any interest in how effective a program is at changing the status of those being served. Why isn't there interest in measuring effectiveness?. "At the end of the contract, an independent assessor determines the results of the program and how much the government should repay investors." Without results oriented citeria for the 'assessor' how can we expect to affect the programs to change the social needs in the community?
Finally, an L3C entity focused on Social Impact Bonds & pay for success financing of social impact projects! We're checking them out, are you?
Marvin, yes! I just checked out a FAQ document from Mission Throttle. It's nice to see somebody getting somewhere with the L3C concept. Duane, you raise cogent concerns about how programs for social good measure and evaluate their effectiveness. Those of us in the non-profit field grapple with those questions daily. Happily, the field of program evaluation is well-established and has good answers to those concerns. Over the years, we have learned that many program models can achieve good results on a small scale, but to be worthy of the investment of resources these programs require, they must be able to produce the same high quality results when others apply their model elsewhere. Otherwise, we cannot afford to keep reinventing the wheel each time a new request for grant proposals is announced. Thanks for your comments.
Jeannette, If you have proven measures why aren't they being shared boardly? Where could I go to see them? What do you use those metrics for? What is being measured, how are they being used, who are the audiences, how are they shared? I appreciate that metrics for social good are a concern. I wonder what you are concerned about. Is it finding value for the measures, is it knowing how to measure and what to measure, is it about how to present it to the audiences you feel will gain from them, is it about preventing them becoming a burdensome layer on the people involved in the process? In my limited experience with non-profits there was little interest to develop metrics. The one thing that has surprised me is whenever I have brought up the idea of metrics with non-profits I have never been challenge to demostrate how it might work, how it could be developed, how it would benefit the people, the organization, the people being served. It is good to hear that metrics are bing used. With regard to leveraging small programs to multiple applications, I have seen that achieved most effectively by designing the program to be performance based rather than control based. Analogy I found effective to describe it when taking a program to a new orgainzation with a totally different culture and resource base was; to thinks of it as the core program was a hand and all we want was the new orgainzation to create their own version that was within the shadow of that hand. We did not require to be identical, but we did expect it to apply the princples or have a proven alternative that achieved the same results. The reality was the program/protocols were never identical but were always untilized providing the desired results with a reduction in resource demand with an increase in individual ownership. I understand problems of leveraging successes.


Atlanda Olympics: Pinarello is Gold Medal!
1996 is the year of Olympics in Atlanta.
Italian track team is supported by Pinarello.
The Gold medal arrives thanks to Andrea Collinelli and his Parigina, an evolution of Indurain's Espada, which helped the rider two years before to win the Hour Record.
The young Collinelli flies on his Pinarello and writes the history of Olympics!


text:
Blacanan is een bestuurslaag in het regentschap Pekalongan van de provincie Midden-Java, Indonesië. Blacanan telt 1961 inwoners (volkstelling 2010).

Plaats in Midden-Java

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia