text:
This Acceptable Use Policy is incorporated by reference in your Order for Mail Services. Capitalised terms used in this Acceptable Use Policy and not otherwise defined shall have the meaning given in the Master Services Agreement.
Accelerator may block mail that violates this Acceptable Use Policy. In addition, your Services may be suspended or terminated for violation of this Acceptable Use Policy in accordance with the Master Services Agreement.
Enquiries regarding this policy should be directed to support@accelerator.uk.com
You may not use your Mail Service to send Bulk Mail. Attempts to circumvent this restriction by breaking up bulk email over time, using multiple accounts, or other means will be a violation of this restriction.
You may not use a third party other than an authorized partner to send Bulk Mail that references a Mail Service email address or that has a Mail Service return email address.
You may not intentionally use your Mail Service for the purpose of receiving bulk email from others. For example, you may not submit any Mail Service email address to a "Safelist" or "Free for All" (FFA) list.
Mail messages sent to other users within your domain names hosted on the system are not Bulk Mail.
Unsolicited Mail
You may not send unsolicited email. Email is unsolicited if you have no pre-existing relationship with the recipient, unless the recipient has published or otherwise provided or his or her email address in a manner which implies consent to receive the email.
Message Source
You may not obscure the source of your email in any manner, including by intentionally omitting, forging, or misrepresenting messages headers or return addresses.
You may not use the Mail Services to distribute content or links to content that Accelerator reasonably believes:
constitutes, depicts, fosters, promotes or relates in any manner to child pornography, bestiality, or non-consensual sex acts;
is excessively violent, incites violence, threatens violence or contains harassing content or hate speech;
is unfair or deceptive under the consumer protection laws of any jurisdiction, including chain letters and pyramid schemes;
is defamatory or violates a person's privacy;
creates a risk to a person's safety or health, creates a risk to public safety or health, compromises national security or interferes with a investigation by law enforcement;
improperly exposes trade secrets or other confidential or proprietary information of another person;
is intended to assist others in defeating technical copyright protections;
infringes on another person's copyright, trade or service mark, patent or other property right;
promotes illegal drugs, violates export control laws, relates to illegal gambling or illegal arms trafficking;
is otherwise illegal or solicits conduct that is illegal under laws applicable to you or to Accelerator;
is otherwise malicious or fraudulent, or may result in retaliation against Accelerator by offended recipients; or is intended to harass or threaten.
You may not send email of any kind to a person who has indicated that they do not wish to receive it.
You may not probe, scan, or test Accelerator's systems for vulnerabilities. You may not violate or attempt to violate Accelerator's security measures. You may not use Accelerator's services to probe, scan or test a third party's systems for vulnerabilities, or to violate or attempt to violate a third party's security measures. Examples of security violations are: (i) attempting to access data not intended for your use; (ii) attempting to log into an account that you are not authorized to access; (iii) attempting to obtain services you have not paid for (including Accelerator Services); (iv) attempting to discover another person's authentication information; and (v) interfering with another user's use of the Services.
You must use reasonable security precautions in connection with your use of the Services, such as a desktop virus scanner and firewall. If your Service is exploited by a third party, Accelerator may suspend your Services until the vulnerability is addressed. For example, Accelerator may suspend your Mail Service if you are distributing a virus, even if you are unaware that you are distributing a virus.
You may not use the Mail Services in a way that creates technical disturbances for other Accelerator customers or for the Accelerator systems generally. In addition:
No Shared Mailboxes – each mailbox may be used by one natural person at a time. Attempts to log into a single mailbox simultaneously from more than one computer are prohibited. You may not use automated tools such as "Fetchmail" or "Microsoft Exchange Connector" to virtualize one mailbox into multiple mailboxes.
Automated Use – mailboxes are not intended for automated use such as sending emails from web servers, or receiving emails by automated programs. However, such use is permitted provided Customer does not violate this Acceptable Use Policy. Accelerator does not provide technical support for this type of use.
Email Abuse Complaints
Complaints from email recipients and third party abuse agencies (e.g. SpamHaus or Spamcop) shall be deemed proof of the facts stated therein unless you provide compelling evidence to the contrary. Accelerator shall have the right to terminate your Mail Service if we receive excessive or repeated complaints from your email recipients, regardless of whether you are in breach of this Acceptable Use Policy or are otherwise at fault.
Blacklisting/Retaliation
Accelerator may terminate your Services if your email address or related IP number(s) is/are blacklisted by any third party, or Accelerator is retaliated against as a result of your email, regardless of whether you are in breach of this Acceptable Use Policy or are otherwise at fault.
Third Party Mail Marketing
You may not use your Mail Service to send Bulk Mail (defined above) except via a mail marketing service that we have approved in advance. You must comply with the CAN-SPAM Act of 2003 and other laws and regulations applicable to bulk and commercial mail. In addition, you must meet all of the following requirements:
The mail may be sent only to individuals who have affirmatively indicated they wish to receive it;
Your procedures for seeking consent include reasonable means to ensure that the person giving consent is the owner of the email address for which consent is given;
You retain evidence of each recipient's consent in a form that can be promptly produced on request, and you honor the recipient's and Accelerator's requests to produce consent evidence within 72 hours of receipt of the request.
You have procedures in place that allow a recipient to revoke their consent — such as a link in the body of the email, or instructions to reply with the word "Remove" in the subject line; you honor revocations of consent within 48 hours, and you notify recipients that the revocation of their consent will be implemented within 48 hours;
You have procedures in place to prevent you from adding to a list a recipient who has previously revoked their consent;
You must post an email address for complaints (such as abuse@yourdomain.com) in a conspicuous place on any website associated with the email, you must register that address at abuse.net, and you must promptly respond to messages sent to that address;
You must have a Privacy Policy posted for each domain associated with the mailing;
The subject line of the email must clearly describe the subject matter contained in the email, and the message must include valid contact information, including your physical address;
You have the means to track anonymous complaints; and
You must not attempt to send any message to an email address if 3 consecutive delivery rejections have occurred and the time between the third rejection and the first rejection is longer than fifteen days.
These requirements apply to distribution lists created by third parties to the same extent as if the list were created by you.
You may not use a third party email service that does not practice similar procedures for all of its customers.
Accelerator may test and otherwise monitor your compliance with these requirements and may require you to seek advance approval for any Bulk Mail. Accelerator may throttle your mailing if your Bulk Mail is generating excess bounced messages.
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text:
(1) NUCANA BIOMED LIMITED
- and -
(2) CARDIFF PROTIDES LIMITED
VARIATION AGREEMENT
Portions of this Exhibit, indicated by the mark "[***]," were omitted and have been filed separately with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to the Registrant's application requesting confidential treatment pursuant to Rule 406 of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.
THIS AGREEMENT is made the 15th day of March 2012
(1) NUCANA BIOMED LIMITED, a company incorporated under the Companies Acts (registered number 03308778) and having its registered office at Bassett House, 5 Southwellpark Road, Camberley, Surrey GU15 3PU ("BioMed");
(2) CARDIFF PROTIDES LIMITED, a company incorporated under the Companies Acts (registered number 05455482) and having its registered office at Ty Myddfai, National Botanic Gardens of Wales, Llanarthney, Carmarthen, Dyfed SA32 8HZ ("ProTides").
RECITALS:
(1) Pursuant to the Nucana Agreement (defined below), ProTides granted an exclusive licence to BioMed under certain patents and technical information and the parties agreed to collaborate to develop the licensed technology.
(2) The parties wish to make certain amendments to the Nucana Agreement subject to and in accordance with the terms set out in this Agreement.
IT IS AGREED as follows:
In this Agreement, the following words shall have the following meanings:
"Assignment Agreement" means the assignment agreement in the form set out in the Schedule to this Agreement;
"Nucana Agreement" means the Licence and Collaboration Agreement dated 13 October 2009 between BioMed and ProTides;
"Variation Date" means the date of this Agreement.
2. Status of this Agreement
2.1 This Agreement is supplemental to the Nucana Agreement. Except as expressly amended by this Agreement, the Nucana Agreement shall remain in full force and effect.
2.2 Unless otherwise specified in this Agreement, defined terms used in this Agreement shall have the same meaning as set out in the Nucana Agreement.
2.3 The amendments set out in this Agreement shall, unless stated otherwise, take effect from the Variation Date.
3.1 The title of the Nucana Agreement shall be amended to be the Assignment, Licence and Collaboration Agreement.
3.2 A new recital E shall be added to the Assignment, Licence and Collaboration Agreement which shall read:-
"With effect from the Variation Date, the parties have agreed that the patents which were previously licensed to BioMed will be assigned by ProTides to BioMed. The parties agreed that this assignment will not otherwise affect the parties' respective rights under this Agreement and that ProTides will retain reversion rights in relation to such patents on termination of this Agreement."
3.3 Clause 1.1 of the Nucana Agreement shall be amended as follows:-
3.3.1 the following new definition shall be inserted into clause 1.1:-
"Affiliate" means in relation to a party, any body corporate or other legal entity which:-
(i) is directly or indirectly owned and/or controlled by that party;
(ii) directly or indirectly owns and/or controls that party; or
(iii) is directly or indirectly owned and/or controlled by the legal entity referred to in (ii) above.
In the case of legal entities having stocks and/or shares, ownership or control shall exist through the direct or indirect ownership and/or control of more than fifty percent of the voting shares. In the case of any other legal entity, ownership and/or control shall exist through the ability to directly or indirectly control the management and/or business of the legal entity;
"Agreement IP" means the Licensed IP and the Assigned IP;
"Assignment Agreement" means the assignment agreement entered into by the parties pursuant to Clause 3.3 of this Agreement;"
"Assigned IP" means the patents and patent applications assigned to BioMed pursuant to the Assignment Agreement, being the Compound Patents;"
3.3.2 the definition of Commencement Date shall be amended by the replacement of the words "the last date of execution of this Agreement" with the words "13 October 2009";
3.3.3 the first letter of the word "commencement" where it appears in the last line of the definition of "Compounds" shall be capitalised;
3.3.4 the definition of Licensed IP shall be amended by the addition of the word "any" before "Compounds", the addition of the words "which are not covered by any claim of an issued and unexpired patent or any subsisting patent application comprised within the Assigned IP" after the word "Compound" and the deletion of the words, ",the Compound Patents,";
3.3.5 the definitions of "ProTides Development Costs", and "Option Notice", "Option Period" and "Option Series" shall be deleted;
3.3.6 the definition of Sub-Licensee shall be amended by:-
3.3.6.1 insertion of a new part (ii) which shall read, "any person or entity to whom BioMed grants a licence of its rights in the Assigned IP or any Compounds; and/or";
3.3.6.2 renumbering part (ii) as part (iii) and in that part replacing the words "Licensed IP" with the words "Agreement IP" and after the words, "part(i)", inserting the following words, "and/or part (ii);
3.3.6.3 the reference to "the Licensed IP" in the second from last line of the definition of "Sub-Licensee" shall be replaced by the words "any of the Agreement IP".;
3.3.7 the definition of Sub-Licence Agreement shall be amended by replacing the words "the Licensed IP" with the words "any of the Agreement IP"; and
3.3.8 the word "and" shall be deleted after the end of the definition of "University", the full stop at the end of the definition of "Valid Claim" shall be replaced by a semi-colon followed by "and" and a new definition of "Variation Date" which shall read as follows:
shall be inserted after the definition of Valid Claim.
3.4 Clause 2.2 of the Nucana Agreement shall be amended by inserting the following sentence at the end of the clause, "For the avoidance of doubt, the licence will not expire in a country if a Valid Claim exists in that country even though, following execution of the Assignment Agreement, the Valid Claim forms part of the Assigned IP and not part of the Licensed IP".
3.5 Clause 3 of the Nucana Agreement shall be amended by:-
3.5.1 inserting the words "AND ASSIGNMENT" in the title of the clause;
3.5.2 inserting the words "Compounds, the Assigned IP, the" before the words "Licensed IP" in clause 3,2; and
3.5.3 inserting a new clause 3.3 which shall read:-
"On or immediately after the Variation Date, ProTides shall enter into an assignment in the form set out in Part 4 of the Schedule to this Agreement pursuant to which ProTides will assign to BioMed all of ProTides' right, title and interest in the Compound Patents to BioMed."
3.6.1 Amending the title to read, "LICENSING AND SUB-LICENSING";
3.6.2 in clause 5.1, inserting the words "(which includes Affiliates of BioMed) licences and/or" before the word "sub-licences" and inserting the words "the Agreement IP and/ or" before the words "its rights";
3.6.3 in clauses 5.2 to 5.6, inserting the words "(which includes Affiliates of BioMed) licence and/or" before the word "sub-licence" wherever it occurs in those clauses, and replacing the words "Licensed IP" wherever the occur in those clauses with the words, "Agreement IP"; and
3.6.4 the references to "affiliates" in clauses 5.3.3, 5.3.7 and 5.3.8 shall be changed to "Affiliates".
3.7 Clause 6 of the Nucana Agreement shall amended as follows:
3.7.1 by the deletion of the words "and as a forum for determining the issues referred to in Clauses 9.8 and 9.9" where they appear in clause 6.1;
3.7.2 by the deletion of the words "and periodically thereafter as necessary to fulfill its functions pursuant to Clauses 9.8 and 9.9" where they appear in clause 6.4;
3.7.3 by replacing the semi-colon at the end of sub-clause 6.5.4 with a full stop;
3.7.4 by the deletion of sub-clauses 6.5.5 and 6.5.6; and
3.7.5 by the deletion of the words "and other than decisions pursuant to Clauses 9.8 and 9.9, which can only be made by consensus" and "or the matters specified in Clauses 9.8 and 9.9 which must be agreed by consensus" where they appear in clause 6.8; and
3.7.6 by the deletion of the words "and thereafter as necessary to fulfil the functions referred to in Clauses 9.2, 9.8 and 9.9" where they appear in clause 6.9.
3.8 Clause 9 of the Nucana Agreement shall be deleted in its entirety and the following words inserted, "Deleted".
3.9 Clause 10 of the Nucana Agreement shall be amended with effect from the Variation Date as follows:-
3.9.1 in clause 10.2, by inserting the words, "execution of the Assignment Agreement and", before the words, "the licence rights granted", and by deletion of the words, "(subject to ProTides having fulfilled its obligations under Clause 12.2.3 as at the date of payment)"; and
3.9.2 in clause 10.5 by inserting the words, "execution of the Assignment Agreement and", before the words, "the licence rights granted".
3.10 Clause 12 of the Nucana Agreement shall be amended with effect from the Commencement Date as follows:-
3.10.1 by adding the words "BioMed will on ProTides' request use its reasonable endeavours to assist ProTides to undertake the actions specified in paragraphs (a) and (b) above, however the responsibility for fulfilling the obligations remains solely with ProTides." at the end of clause 12.2.3;
3.10.2 in the first sentence of clause 12.4, the word "its" shall be replaced by "BioMed's";
3.10.3 in clauses 12.7, 12.8 and/or 12.12 all references to "Licensed IP" shall be replaced with the words, "Agreement IP".
3.11 Clause 13 of the Nucana Agreement shall be amended by replacing in clauses 13.2.2, 13.2.3, 13.2.8 and 13.7.1 the words "Licensed IP" with the words "Agreement IP".
3.12 Clause 16 of the Nucana Agreement shall be amended as follows:-
3.12.1 in clause 16.1 by amending the words "Clause 15.2" to read "Clause 15.2.1" and by insertion of the words "but only" before the words "as a result of" in the first sentence and by deleting "9 (in relation to its obligations with respect to using or licensing the Licensed IP (including licensing to BioMed if BioMed exercises any option under Clause 9.15) only)"; and
3.12.2 in clause 16.1.2 by replacing the words "Licensed IP" with the words "Agreement IP"; and
3.12.3 replacing the full stop at the end of clause 16.1.3 with the word "; and" and inserting a new clause 16.1.4 which shall read as follows:-
"BioMed will immediately assign back to ProTides all rights in and to the Compound Patents by promptly executing an assignment agreement in favour of ProTides on terms equivalent to those set out in Part 4 of the Schedule to this Agreement.";
3.12.4 in clauses 16.2.2 and 16.2.3, replacing the words "Licensed IP" with the words, "Agreement IP";
3.12.5 in clause 16.2.3, by inserting the words "Compound Patents," before the words "Compound Divisionals" and by inserting the following words at the end of the clause, "by promptly executing an assignment agreement in favour of ProTides on terms equivalent to those set out in Part 4 of the Schedule to this Agreement";
3.12.6 by deleting the paragraph at the end of clause 16.2 which starts with the words, "Notwithstanding the above,"; and
3.12.7 in clause 16.5 by inserting the words "(including any instalments under clause 10.4 relating to events which occurred prior to termination or expiry), after the words "sums outstanding as at the date of termination or expiry".
3.13.1 in Clause 19.2 by inserting the following words after the words "under this Agreement":-
"(including in the case of BioMed its rights in and to the Assigned IP)"
3.13.2 the references to "affiliate0 in clause 19.2.2 shall be changed to "Affiliate".
3.13.3 by inserting a new clause 19.6 which shall read:-
"To the extent there is any conflict between the terms of this Agreement and the terms of any Agreement executed pursuant to Clause 3.3 of this Agreement, the terms of this Agreement shall prevail."
3.14 A new part 4 to the Schedule to the Nucana Agreement shall be added which shall contain the Assignment Agreement.
Further Assurance
4.1 Each of the parties to this Agreement shall, as and when requested to do so by another party, do all acts and execute all documents as may be reasonably required to give effect to the provisions of this Agreement.
4.2 This Agreement does not create any right enforceable by any person who is not a party to it ('Third Party') under the Contracts (Rights of Third Parties) Act 1999, but this clause does not affect any right or remedy of a Third Party which exists or is available apart from that Act.
4.3 This Agreement is governed by the laws of England and the parties hereby submit to the exclusive jurisdiction of the English courts.
Consolidated Agreement
4.4 Following the Variation Date, the parties shall prepare and agree a consolidated and re—stated agreement which incorporates the amendments set out in this Agreement into the Nucana Agreement.
4.5 BioMed shall pay to ProTides on or immediately after the Variation Date the reasonable external costs and expenses actually incurred by ProTides in relation to the preparation, negotiation and execution of this Agreement and any documents related to it.
AGREED by the parties through their authorised signatories on the date written above:
For and on behalf of For and on behalf of
Nucana Biomed Limited Cardiff Protides Limited
/s/ Hugh Griffith
/s/ [***]
Signed Signed
Hugh Griffith
Print name Print name
Part 1 - Assignment Agreement
10 Lochside Place
Edinburgh Park
EH12 9RG, UK
T: +44(0) 131 248 3660
Cardiff ProTides Limited
Ty Myddfai
National Botanic Gardens of Wales
Llanarthney
SA32 8HZ
Dear Sirs
NuCana BioMed Limited ("Nucana")
Cardiff ProTides Limited ("ProTides")
Licence and Collaboration Agreement between NuCana and ProTides dated 13 October 2009, as amended by a side letter between NuCana and ProTides dated 16 March 2012 (the "Agreement")
We refer to our recent discussions regarding the milestone payments set out at Clause 10 of the Agreement.
In consideration of NuCana making a [***] payment of [***] Pounds (£[***]) Sterling to ProTides within [***] following the last date of execution of this letter by the parties hereto, which payment [***], we hereby agree that the following changes shall be made to the Agreement:
1. [***];
5. [***]; and
6. [***].
This letter does not amend any other provisions of the Agreement, including without limitation the terms in accordance with which the above mentioned milestone payments are to be made by NuCana.
Any terms not defined in this letter will have the same meaning as set out in the Agreement.
ProTides, by signing the acknowledgement of this letter set out below, hereby warrants to NuCana that the terms of this letter shall be binding upon it and that it is not bound or required to obtain the consent of any third parties, including but not limited to any shareholders of ProTides, in relation to or in order to agree to the changes to the Agreement as set out above.
The terms of this letter will be governed by the laws of England and the parties hereby submit to the exclusive jurisdiction of the English Courts.
Please confirm your acknowledgement of and agreement to the provisions of this letter by signing a copy of it where indicated and returning it to us.
/s/ H. Griffith
Hugh S. Griffith
For and on behalf of NuCana BioMed Limited
We hereby acknowledge receipt of and agree to be bound by the terms of the foregoing letter.
Date 15/5/12
For and on behalf of Cardiff ProTides Limited

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Royal Wedding Security Beefed Up Ahead Of Prince Harry & Meghan Markle's Big Day
Frank AugsteinAP Images
Amy Feinstein
The upcoming royal wedding is sparking a huge security push in the Thames Valley in order to keep participants in the wedding of Meghan Markle and Prince Harry, as well as tourists and observers, safe. The CCTV system is being increased, and police, with the help of sniffer dogs, are searching every bin and drain to secure the entire area. The police are also erecting barricades, generally filled with concrete, to prevent vehicles from pushing past secure areas.
The Daily Mail reports that the terror level will remain high through the royal wedding festivities, but will not discuss any specific threats. Though most British police do not carry guns, snipers will be in place throughout the day on May 19 as the wedding of Meghan and Harry gets underway. Mixing in with the crowds and the wedding procession will be undercover police which will bring the security cost for the weekend to more than $30 million.
But the Thames Valley Police want the public to know that all of the advanced measures are to ensure that everyone stays safe and has a great day celebrating the royal couple's big day.
Prince Harry and Ms. Meghan Markle have selected the Ascot Landau carriage for their procession through Windsor Town after their wedding on May 19th. The carriage is one of five Ascot Landaus in the Royal Mews. The carriages are used in official and ceremonial state events, such as Coronations, Royal Weddings and State Visits ????PA
A post shared by Kensington Palace (@kensingtonroyal) on May 2, 2018 at 2:38am PDT
CBS says that the level of security for the wedding of Meghan Markle and Prince Harry will be "unprecedented" for a royal event. Bob Broadhurst, a former London Police Commander, says that for the royal wedding weekend, everyone will be looked at with suspicion.
"Essentially, everybody in that crowd is a potential terrorist, and you don't need to have spent hours or months building sophisticated bombs or other weaponry."
In addition to the regular police force, the British Transport police will be stepping up to make rail travel as painless as possible while still providing extra security. The Transport police will be ready to remove or secure any items left behind.
"Even with the best of intelligence, there is still a risk, but it's a risk that's accepted. It's accepted by the royal family. It's accepted by police."
On #ANZACDay we remember the servicemen and women of the Australian and New Zealand Army Corps who have served their nation in times of war. Today Prince Harry and Ms. Meghan Markle paid tribute to Australian and New Zealand servicemen and women at a Dawn Service in London. ????PA
The Thames Valley Police say that the biggest risk to the members of the royal family comes when members of the wedding party will be transported in an open-top horse-drawn carriage. Harry and Meghan have chosen the Ascot Landau carriage to ride in as part of the royal procession.
But based on the weather forecast, the police have to be ready to adapt to changes. Rain would mean that the bride and groom will have to switch to a closed carriage, which would provide more security. At the current time, the chance of inclement weather is high.


text:
The misandrist is the feminist, pathologized and trivialized. "Misandrist" is the label invoked to slander her, implying she is damaged, unreasonable. The bitch is broken. She cannot be taken seriously; she is not a sensible woman—she's a violent freak! she doesn't like men!
The Misandrists is the title of a 2017 film by the gay male filmmaker Bruce LaBruce about a girls' school that is in fact the front for a lesbian separatist terrorist faction, called the Female Liberation Army, who are plotting to Smash the Patriarchy by creating lesbian pornography so potently irresistible that men will be too busy jerking off to perform the basic duties of patriarchal upkeep; disabled in post-ejaculation coma, the men will be helpless to defend themselves against the women's uprising. Women will then take over the world. In LaBruce's film, the feminist freedom fighters wear short pleated cranberry-plaid skirts and knee socks; they romp giddily through pillow fights shot in soft-focus slow-motion, delighting in the slumber party antics of male fantasy for the sake of women's liberation. They carry guns sometimes and act dominatrix-tough, too, but mostly they make out, cuddling in front of a mural of the feminist anarchist Emma Goldman's mugshot. Charlie Fox, a man writing for Artforum, calls the film "a total hoot" – how hysterical, the women's liberation movement – and asserts that "Anybody could shake their rump to The Misandrists's sassy disavowal of the 'normal.'" 1
I am struggling right now to imagine what could be more Normal than for a man to mock feminism by downgrading women to schoolgirls, reducing structural analysis of patriarchy to aberrant abusive anti-male rage ("misandry"), and representing sisterhood in terms of girl-on-girl porn, as if women do not exist outside of standard(ized) male sexual fantasy and there is nothing for us, after all, but to shake our rumps, sassily.
Anything a woman does can become pornography, because to live as a female body in male-dominated society is to exist as sex's symbol, and sex has been fully subsumed by and is only understood now in terms of pornography. I leave my house to walk outside in any city and I live as pornography, simply walking around, or standing waiting to cross the street. Cars pass, I am pornography. My living body full of blood and guts and my own thoughts vibrating through space means SEX in pink neon and nothing else about this organism I am matters much to anyone but me. The homogenizing hollowing-out of living woman into symbolic sexual object is the quintessential maneuver of male supremacist ideology, which, institutionalized, acted upon, cements women's material oppression. Fed this ideology on his silver spoon of privileged subjectivity the male cannot conceive of the female outside of the context of his sexuality; she and sex are inextricably linked, so everything she does is sexual, read today as pornographic. There is no way I can move no word I can say no action I can take that he cannot rework to fit some porn scenario. Even when I stand up against him demanding he treat me as other than the object, he translates my revolt into pornography.
I am a woman; he turns me into a girl. I say it is sad and painful to be warped as he warps me, I declare I will fight for my freedom and the freedom of my sisters; he laughs and he casts me aggressively making out with the other "girls," while he watches from the shadows.
The idea of women desiring freedom becomes lighthearted sexual farce.
Bruce LaBruce's The Misandrists reminds me my place is dolled-up like a perma-teen writhing in the blue light of some man's clichéd wet dreams.
Did I happen to mention that there is a beautiful love story within The Misandrists? One of the schoolgirl lesbian terrorists falls for a wounded young male anti-capitalist guerrilla and hides him away in the attic of the Female Liberation Army schoolhouse to nurse him back to fighting condition, hazarding her position in the sisterhood, for if the more militantly misandrist members were to discover she'd let a man trespass upon their testosterone-free sanctuary, they would spurn her as a defector. But her love is true and pure and she would risk everything for it, for her man. She is a woman; she cannot help herself: a girl has gotta have the D. Radical politics be damned! Love (for a man) is closer to Truth. Lest you think this bizarrely heteronormative for a self-consciously queer storyline, there's a twist: the woman-in-love has a penis; she is revealed to be a trans-woman, thus her self-sacrificing unshakeable adoration for a male is still gay enough for LaBruce.
Gay as it may be, the anti-feminist gist of this narrative is unaltered: women's empty-headed posturing at agitating for release from oppression or even the attainment of basic human dignity will fall away like so much frivolity when they learn what love is by sucking cock. A man says to me, "What you need is a good fuck to straighten you out, little girl."
I am going to describe a movie that no one has made. What you should know first is that the filmmaker is white but generally accepted as a person with a progressive vision. The white filmmaker's movie is about a Black-Panthers-esque Black nationalist group whose stated mission is to bring down the white supremacist state. They all wear their hair big and '70s natural, they light candles before giant murals of Malcolm X and James Baldwin; to keep their organizing clandestine, they have disguised their base of operations as a Popeyes Louisiana Kitchen franchise. Their revolutionary strategy? Blaxploitation pornography. 75% of the film is sex scenes, the Black rebels' porno coupling choreographed to voiceover readings from The Souls of Black Folk and Angela Davis's prison interviews. A romantic subplot involves a Black man falling in love with a white woman, their forbidden tryst catalyzing his realization that politics are meaningless next to the desires of his colorblind heart. Then the movie culminates in an orgy, black melting with white and coalescing wet oozing polymorphous until race ceases to have any significance. The rebels had mistaken their yearning for carnal pleasure for a yen to end racial oppression but now they understand what truly fulfills them, and they have found it. Roll the credits.
The movie, by the way, is called The Black Racists.
It is a movie that will never be made (and definitely, absolutely should not be). If it were, Artforum would not approve of it.
But The Misandrists was made and it was endorsed by Artforum; the male critic raved about the male filmmaker's porno parody of feminist organizing as "a brainy subversion" and "a rude delight."
Go on, ask me. I will not tell you I do not hate men.
Fox, Charlie. "Who Runs the World?" ArtForum.com, 22 May 2017. https://www.artforum.com/film/id=68521. ↵
Makeup Cannot Unmake the Man, or: Sorry, Yr Shallow Playtime Politics Don't Stop Men from Raping Women
I WENT TO A SHOW: Nick Cave & the Bad Seeds


Bottom Line: No Mormon has any doctrinal basis for racial violence, hate speech, or in any way teaching that one racial group is somehow more beloved of God than any other. As those who love God, we ought to be active in working towards peace and reconciliation between those who are at odds.
Years ago we had a child's history teacher over for dinner. As we talked, I mentioned that I didn't know much about Virginia history in the last 100 years.
The teacher looked at me, then started referring to Virginia's shameful past with respect to race.
It was a high school play in 2014 that helped me to better understand the racial strife associated with Virginia's refusal to integrate White and Black children in schools.
This weeked James Alex Fields Jr. drove his car at high speed through a crowd in Charlottesville, VA, hurting 20 people, including killing Heather D. Heyer. Fields likely intended more harm, but his vehicle was stopped when it ran into cars "hidden" in the midst of the crowd. As details trickle in about James Fields, it becomes clear his use of a car to harm those protesting the white supremicist "rally" taking place in Charlottesville. Both James Fields and Heather Heyer were White.
Earlier this month, two racist posters were found on the University of Utah campus. The posters were not approved, and were taken down before police arrived in response to 911 calls. According to something I saw, the person responsible for the racist posters may have been a White housewife.
A man driving is car at top speed through a crowd of civilians is different from a housewife putting up two pieces of paper. Yet both actions have stricken fear in their respective communities.
In Virginia, Governor McAuliffe had declared a state of emergency even before Mr. Fields drove his car through a sea of people protesting against the white supremicists.
In Utah, the poster incident has caused severe distress in the community, particularly amongst Blacks. The language on the posters resonates with the logic proponed by the white supremicists and apparently by Mr. Fields.
As seen from the "Hate Map" produced by the Southern Poverty Law Center, Utah hardly knows how to spell "hate." 2 Yet the posters and other similar incidents appropriately cause concern.
The Mormon Church, the dominant group responsible for historic settlement of Utah, decries racism, as seen in the statement the LDS Church issued today in response to the Charlottesville tragedy.
No Mormon has any doctrinal basis for racial violence, hate speech, or in any way teaching that one racial group is somehow more beloved of God than any other. As those who love God, we ought to be active in working towards peace and reconciliation between those who are at odds.
Probably not a good idea to cite the SPLC in anything. They have a habit of designating some right leaning and pro-traditional family groups as hate groups (eg: Alliance Defending Freedom, Family Research Council, American Family Association, World Congress of Families, American College of Pediatricians to name a few). Is there another source you can cite, which might be more credible?
Apparently no one else has a map. I'll just re-insert the original picture from the 2014 play about Virginia racism.
Bottom line: 99.9% of the political violence that has occurred during the past calendar year has been perpetrated by Leftist groups.
Yeah, I get it: neo-nazis are ugly people. But the Leftists are the ones actually sending people to the hospital with broken bones and bullet wounds.
I just wish we could denounce Antifa and Black Lives Matter with the same zeal and breathless earnestness that people seem compelled to offer against these small alt-right groups.
"Probably not a good idea to cite the SPLC in anything." I think you can recognize the good work they do while still disagreeing with their characterization of some groups.
"Bottom line: 99.9% of the political violence that has occurred during the past calendar year has been perpetrated by Leftist groups." Is there a citation for this? It seems highly unlikely.
Violence is rarely a proper response, particularly when it is not authorized by someone in authority.
All people get feisty when their circle of concern is threatened. For the white supremacist rally, it was the threat to history implied by removal of a statue of Robert E. Lee. The violence being perpetrated (and by which "side") became OBE when James Field drove his car into the crowd of counter-protesters. Once James Field acted, it all became about the hideous violence perpetrated by a wannabe white supremacist against peaceful counter-protesters.
For Black Lives Matter, it was the fact of deaths that evoked all too many decades and even centuries of consistent societal violence against Blacks.
Insert the name of any group and add how that group perceived itself to be threatened, and you have a pretext for violence to erupt.
You're aware, I'm sure, that The Atlantic is *not* a right-wing rag.
And you're welcome, by the way.
I'm having a hard time separating fact from fiction on this one. The news media headlines are misleading (at best), which is a real shame and not helping my growing mistrust of journalism.
It took me to the 3rd page of Google (to Al Jazeera, no less) to find some information that wasn't vague, intentional or not. Apparently the guy is being "charged with second-degree murder, three counts of malicious wounding, and one count of hit-and-run". That doesn't sound like hitting 20 people, it sounds like 4 or 5. However there are at least 35 injured from fights that broke out during the rally, with 19 confirmed at a local hospital. I'm also starting to see reports on how the driver was panicked because people were beating his car as he was driving.
Despite not agreeing with the various ideologies, it wouldn't surprise me if it turns out the counter-protesters (Anti-fa, et al.) started much of the violence, and the protesters (white supremes or whatever they are) returned in kind – which has been a growing pattern of these things.
Jack of Hearts, the SPLC doesn't do good work. There it is.
Did you not watch any of the video recorded of the event? I'm frankly surprised that only 20 people were injured.
There is racism and hatred coming from many sides. I'm not sure if the number is 99 percent, but certainly *most* of the recent violence has come from the left and antifa groups. Many people are falling for the media propaganda on this issue — good to see that Fort above is showing signs that he can actually see beyond the propaganda. Mormons should condemn racism and violence from all groups, not just fascist ones.
Go to lds.org and look up "racism" in talks by apostles and prophets. There have been many, many statements condemning racism. God is no respecter of persons. But the prophets do not only condemn racism on the fascist right. They condemn all racism.
Are you 100 percent sure of that narrative?
To be clear, if there is a trial and several witnesses can corroborate that this man drove to Charlottesville with the intent to harm people, then so be it. For example, if he wrote some friend, "I am going to mow down those protesters when I get to Charlottesville," then clearly that shows intent. It is obviously possible that this is the case. The information on this guy shows that he flunked out of basic training, was infatuated with the Germany nazis and generally was somewhat of a loser. But this does not by any stretch PROVE that he drove to Charlottesville with that intention. I prefer to believe in actual facts rather than media spin and propaganda.
"And you're welcome, by the way." Thanks? I'm not sure where this hostility is coming from. I'm not as conservative as many on this blog, but I'm a regular reader, sometime commenter here and certainly not a leftist.
To Joyce: Oh, okay. That makes sense then. At first I thought you were just disagreeing with one aspect of their work. I hesitate to ask now, but would you be willing to point me toward a critique of them that you think is particularly good? I've read a few but am always interested in more.
I'll add that given our own history as a modern religious group, we ought to stay very aware of how easy it is for people to tribe up (and make extreme choices) in the face of what they perceive as unrelenting hate.
Hi Jack, I'm curious now about where you're coming from on the SPLC. There's clearly a lot of animus toward the group in this community. Can you point us to something you consider evidence of the SPLC's "good work"?
Oh, okay. You just want to be pedantic. I don't have time to be pedantic with you. If you're not familiar with the appropriate use of hyperbole to make legitimate points, then there is nothing else for you and I to discuss.
Michael, I think Jack of Hearts had a sincere desire for more information on that subject. He is not one of the bad ones, so please give him a break.
The fact is that Mr. Fields drove into the crowd. While it is possible he was merely intending to catch a bite to eat and got lost and then accidentally floored his accelerator rather than stomping on the brake in response to a terrifying situation, it doesn't then make sense that he would reverse and flee the scene (though at age 20 it's possible he didn't know that fleeing the scene would be incriminating).
I am reminded of a trial where I was being considered for the jury. The defense attorney was trying to make the case that merely because a man was discharging his gun in the direction of the police, it was still possible that he didn't actually intend for the police to be hit by any of his bullets. I stated that as a juror I would follow the data. And so the defense made sure to recuse me from the jury. The voir dire had provided me enough detail to look the case up after being dismissed from the jury. Fascinating, and I don't know how a person could claim that in an extended gun fight the man shooting had no intention of harming the police officers at whom he was shooting.
How often do people use their car to mow down innocents, with the bodies being tossed aside like dolls? It happens in certain games and was depicted in Mad Max. But in real life it is not common for people to mow down large groups of people with their car. I have seen two instances where a person thought they were pushing down the brake and instead hit the accelerator, crashing their car into a house (both times within dozens of feet of my house). If you have evidence of why we ought consider Saturday's vehicular activity benign and accidental, I'm all ears.
Thank you for the background on the SPLC. Obviously I wasn't aware of it's history.
Given that it has gone to labeling all non-PC groups as hate groups, it is even more striking that they only identify one group in the central Mormon corridor. Woot for Utah being so decent that even the SPLC hadn't figured a way to label anyone a hate group other than that one group looking out for the good of white men in the great state of Utah.
SPLC has been a leftist wing-nut group, putting out slanted reports, and outright lies for at least 25 years. If you read the personal history of the founder, he's not someone you would trust.
It is also coming out that the Charlottesville perp is a longtime schizophrenic, going back to childhood, and with a long time fascination with Nazis. Not that that excuses anything.
I did indeed watch the video (the one from the drone). Watching it in slow motion shows that the car was stopped, then moved forward about 21 ft in 3 seconds (real time) before coming to a stop again. This was estimated using by using 200 in. as the length of a minivan and the car moving about 1.25 car lengths forward. I counted 4 maybe 5 people directly hit with another 4 or 5 pushed back by the people hit.
This is sad, but it's starting to look a lot different than what the media has been pushing.
Google "Brennan Gilmore Twitter". It sounds like you have not seen the video he filmed. When I first heard this story, I was willing to give the driver the benefit of the doubt. After seeing Gilmore's video, it's hard for me to believe that the driver didn't ram the crowd deliberately.
I do not mean to argue the intentions and the motivations of what went on, nor do I wish to minimize what happened, but I very much want to know the truth.
The dominant stories seem to be exaggerating and that throws up red flags in my mind about what really went on.
That video with search of "Brennan Gilmore Twitter" shows a different car (hard top gray sports car, no flag) than the drone video. It doesn't even show it hitting the protesters. The drone video shows a red minivan hit protesters and a gray soft-top car with a flag right behind it. The gray car in the drone video did not leave the scene as quickly as the one in the twitter video.
Ultimately, I think we need to seek the truth of things with more zeal than seeking condemnation before the facts, even if that condemnation is well deserved.
Oh good, I found a 3rd video. It looks like the one hard top gray car rammed the soft top gray car which rammed the red minivan which hit the protesters. Yeah, that seems pretty deliberate to me.
NW, yeah, I had not seen that video. It's difficult to imagine any scenario except deliberately trying to hit people based on that video. Sick psycho.
Meg, new information. I agree with your take after seeing it.
This tweet has several pictures and different angles of what is being discussed here.
I am surprised only about 2 dozen people were hurt and one person died, this could've been MUCH worse.
PS: millenial star is welcome to remove the link above if they so choose; that said, I think it is important to see for yourself what happened prior to reading about it.
I think the complexity is that we had both "nazi" elements and "fascist" elements clashing in Charlottesville, and both sides are composed of enraged individuals who are children of God.
The push back I see from folks like President Trump is that there is more than one offending group, not just one offending group. Relatively few people are sympathetic to the "nazi" folks. We remember World War II and Hitler and extermination of Jews, gypsies, homosexuals, and other "undesirable" peoples. What we don't remember as well is Mussolini and Stalin and Franco and Mao.
Arguably the militancy of the so-called antifa is in part because they feel they lost in the election. So they are doing what marginalized people have often done in response to electoral defeat and taking the law into their own hands. They would see it as righteous opposition.
It is a time that will be recorded in history books and our future generations will be amazed that this time could have ever happened, somewhat like how I am amazed that various past situations could ever have occurred. But lived history is never so easy or obvious as history books make it seem.
Yes brothers and sisters, we need to decry the acts of the one psycho driving his car into people because we have to make sure people know we don't agree with murder. He truly is the biggest threat to God's plan.
But those dang racist bigots in Virginia running over everyone!!!! RAAAAAA!!!!!
It's truly unfortunate that Mr. Fields drove his car into that crowd, because I think the analysis of that day would have looked differently if it was legal Nazis being confronted by illegal counter protesters. But once Mr. Fields barreled down that road into the counter-protesters, they were cleansed by the blood of Ms. Heyer.
I apologize if I am misunderstanding this weekend, as I am not aware that the counter protesters had a permit for their activities.
Either way, deadly actions intentionally wrought will obviously be seen as more heinous than non-deadly protests, with or without urine splattering journalists.
Perhaps because, despite whatever you may think or feel about Nazism as an ideology, they have a constitutional right to political free speech?
Freedom of speech is meaningless if we only allow people that we like to engage in the activity.
I suggest the folks here who are under age 50, look up how the ACLU came to the defense of the KKK when they sued for a permit to march/rally in Skokie, IL.
Also re-read Catch 22 by Joseph Heller, published in 1961, and pay attention to the thing about having to repeatedly recite a politically correct shibboleth or "signal", a loyalty oath in that story, before every event, to the point where you had to recite the loyalty oath before someone would pass you the salt.
Trump got into trouble because he didn't "signal" correctly for 48 hours after the incident.
Steven, I am not sure who is defending the alt-right groups here, except to point out that they do have a right to peacefully assemble. Alt-right groups are, in my opinion, engaging in racist speech, which has clearly been condemned by modern-day prophets, so, yeah, people who support the Church should have no associations with alt-right groups.
It's a bit moot now because people have retracted what they said because of the video, but I have been to that part of Charlottesville. It's an outdoor mall. There are always a lot of people walking around there on weekdays and even more on weekends.
Someone driving that speed in that setting wanted to hurt people.
Actually the ratio of right wing compared to left wing extremist violence is about 73% right wing, 27% left and other.
The link you posted doesn't even mention left-wing violence. The 27% isn't left-wing at all. It's "radical Islamist violent extremists". It's hard to take it seriously when left-wing violence is mysteriously absent from the accounting.
Also, it doesn't look at the last calendar year at all. Take a deep dive into political violence from August 2016 to August 2017 and you'll see something interesting — if you're honest about this topic.
As the recent event in Barcelona indicated, along with other, similar, attacks, vehicular manslaughter has become a favored form of terrorist activity. Open air festivals, crowds gathered for parades or protests, or waiting in lines for games offer opportunity for twisted souls to wreak chaos. Almost any street legal car or truck can kill a number of people before it can be stopped. Look for the erection of a lot more concrete 'Jersey walls'. I personally plan to be more aware of vulnerability and ways to avoid such situations where possible. There is no excuse for anyone, whatever their ideology or fervid opinion, to aim a vehicle at a crowd and press the gas pedal. SPLC is not a reliable source of information, but in our current situation there are very few sources that can be trusted. Videos can be faked or mislabeled, pictures photo-shopped, and witness accounts edited to change the meaning. Avoiding letting rage infect us is the wisest course of action.


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Tag Archives: quantification testing
USDA Charts Regulatory Path To Reduce Poultry-Linked Salmonella Infections
The USDA Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS) has released a proposed regulatory framework to control Salmonella contamination in poultry products.
In its announcement, the USDA noted that the proposed framework follows months of information-gathering and discussions with a wide range of stakeholders, researchers and scientists. It consists of three key components:
Requiring that incoming flocks be tested for Salmonella before entering an establishment
Enhancing establishment process control monitoring and FSIS verification
Implementing an enforceable final product standard.
"We know that Salmonella in poultry is a complex problem with no single solution," said USDA Deputy Under Secretary Sandra Eskin. "However, we have identified a series of strategic actions FSIS could take that are likely to drive down Salmonella infections linked to poultry products consumption, and we are presenting those in this proposed framework."
A copy of the proposed framework, which also addresses cross-cutting issues of testing for Salmonella, the impact on small and very small establishments and data sharing, is available online here.
Representatives from industry, consumer groups and other stakeholders are invited to provide input on the proposed regulatory framework by participating in a virtual public meeting November 3 from 10am to 4pm ET via Zoom. To view the agenda and to register to attend, visit the Meetings and Events page on the FSIS website.
Stakeholders can also submit written comments at www.regulations.gov.
Consumer groups are applauding the proposed framework. "This is a historic first step toward final product standards that are science-based, risk-based, enforceable, and effective at protecting our vulnerable loved ones," said Amanda Craten, board member of STOP Foodborne Illness. "As a parent of a child who suffered from Salmonella illness and is left with permanent injury, I have advocated and engaged in the process to modernize poultry standards to ensure no child has to experience the devastation of a preventable, virulent Salmonella illness. I'm thankful that USDA is making the prevention of illnesses like my son Noah's a priority."
Dr. Craig Hedberg, a professor at University of Minnesota School of Public Health and Co-Director of the Minnesota Integrated Food Safety Center of Excellence, agrees that this framework "is an important step towards moving away from hazard-based regulation toward risk-based regulation. Focusing on levels of Salmonella and highly virulent strains of Salmonella rather than just the presence or absence of Salmonella should reduce the number of illnesses associated with poultry."
The USDA FSIS continues to gather scientific evidence relevant to the approaches presented in the proposed framework.
The National Advisory Committee on Microbiological Criteria for Foods (NACMCF) has been charged with providing guidance on what types of microbiological criteria FSIS might use to better prevent Salmonella infections associated with poultry products.
FSIS is also completing a risk profile for pathogenic Salmonella subtypes in poultry and is collaborating on quantitative risk assessments for Salmonella in chicken and turkey that will address key risk management questions associated with this framework.
FSIS also expanded its exploratory sampling program for young chicken carcasses to generate microbial data to help inform future policies.
FSIS is transitioning from using presence-based tests to tests that quantify the amount of all Salmonella cells.
USDA FSIS Integrates Salmonella Quantification Testing into Regional Labs
In June, the USDA Food Safety and Inspection Services (FSIS) announced that it was rethinking its approach to Salmonella in poultry based on a review of data from 2015 to 2020 that showed a higher than anticipated reduction in Salmonella-contaminated chicken parts but no corresponding decrease in Salmonella-related illnesses attributable to poultry products.
Part of the new approach, shared in July, is the integration of Salmonella quantification testing in FSIS regional laboratories. The agency is now using GENE-UP QUANT Salmonella assay from bioMérieux, a non-enrichment quantification diagnostic tool for Salmonella.
We spoke with Miguel Villa, vice president of industrial applications for the Americas at bioMérieux to learn more about the new assay and how quantification methods may better serve public health initiatives.
Food Safety Tech (FST): How did your work with USDA FSIS come about?
Villa: bioMerieux is a French company with many, many years in the field of in vitro diagnostics. The background of the company is in human health care and life sciences. The legacy of this group is in vaccines going back to the time of Louis Pasteur. In fact, the founder of the group was a disciple of Louis Pasteur.
For the past 30 years, we have also been designing and manufacturing diagnostic tools and tests for the pharmaceutical and food industries. And for the past three years we—and other companies—have been in dialogue with the USDA FSIS and the FDA about the use of quantification for food safety and food testing for the benefit of public health.
There was discussion about the fact that, after years and years of better controls, increased testing and an increasing regulatory framework around food safety the level of foodborne illness that we continue to see is not where the regulators or the public want it to be. Based on that, we have had discussions about what are the next steps and how can we take this further to reduce diseases that are coming from food sources. There is a lot of focus on animal protein products, and one of the main contaminants has been Salmonella.
FST: What are some of the concerns or limitations of the current or traditional standards of testing?
Villa: The regulations now are focused on the presence or absence of Salmonella, and the regulators have accepted recently that we need to do more. One of the things that has been discussed quite a bit is quantification—not only do we want to know whether Salmonella is present, we want to know how much is present. This is what the GENE-UP QUANT Salmonella assay measures.
How this works is, whenever the FSIS gets a particular sample that is positive, they will use the assay to check how much Salmonella there is to get a better understanding of what they're dealing with in terms of risk to public health.
FST: This is a non-enrichment detection method, why is that important?
Villa: True quantification can only come from the original sample. If you do something to that sample to stimulate growth, the organism typically does not grow in a linear fashion or you might be promoting limits of growth in that medium. So, the picture you get after enrichment is not exactly what is in the original sample, which is what you're trying to understand.
FST: Is the assay quantifying only the density of Salmonella in the sample or is it also looking at serotypes?
Villa: Only the quantity. We are not looking at serotypes at this stage, but we are involved in the development of serotyping tools based on what we see coming down the road.
FST: Is the technology behind the GENE UP QUANT assay a new technology or new to the food safety industry?
Villa: GENE UP is a PCR (polymerase chain reaction) test, and PCR has been around for more than 20 years, so the tool itself is not new. What is new—or what is recent—are the methods that we are using to develop tests. They are more accurate and precise. And they are able to use mathematical modeling to correlate the things that you see in the sample, quantify them and also assess them accurately from a sample that is not enriched.
In the future, we will use the same techniques to develop rapid, accessible tools to identify specific serotypes.
FST: The USDA FSIS has brought this testing into its regional laboratories, are food manufacturers and processors also using these in their facilities? Should they be thinking about that?
Villa: Now that it is public knowledge that the FSIS is using this testing and performing Salmonella quantification, they are educating the market about why they're doing this. As a result, we are beginning to receive inquiries from clients of ours about the test. It is not a mandate at this stage, but for their own risk management processes, many companies will likely start incorporating it.
FST: What is the benefit of quantification? Why is it important to regulators and food safety professionals to know not only if Salmonella is present, but how much?
Villa: The industry has been very interested in moving away from presence/absence testing only for a while, because many people think that not all Salmonella is pathogenic. In addition, we need to find better ways to gauge risk but at the same time not be as costly or as shotgun in our approach.
Quantification was recognized several years ago as a potential way for us to start correlating clinical outcomes—or the lack of them—with certain levels of Salmonella. We think there will come a time where people will start to agree that one of the data points you need as part of your risk assessment to make decisions at an industrial level is how much Salmonella is in the original sample. If it's below a certain level, it may not be considered as risky.
In the future, by combining quantification and serotyping, we believe that we will be able to give manufacturers very accurate readings with all the information needed to make good decisions and good calls about their products.


Lookin' forward to seeing what everyone else found too! Thanks for hosting!
Thanks for hosting your party and have a great day!
Thank you for hosting Linda! Hope your Monday is going well!
Those are some wonderful things! I noticed an aqua theme going on. Thanks for hosting!
Can you believe I almost forgot to link up to your party today? Glad I stopped by to see how your weekend was. Thanks for hosting the party again.
Love all the aqua blues. Thanks as always for hosting. We all probably don't say that enough.
Hi Linda, how's your summer been? Are you gearing up to decorate your booth space for fall yet? Thanks for hosting once again, Best, Andrea B.
Wonderful features! Thanks so much for hosting!!
Thanks so much for featuring my Window Box planter trio, what a nice surprise it was to see while I was scrolling through your picks. It's truly an honor!
Thanks again for hosting such a great linky party and have a fabulous week.
Linda, you had some awesome posts linked up last week...I love those features! Thanks for hosting.
Great features Linda and thanks for hosting.
I feel so outside the blog loop lately! I miss it but there just isn't enough time in a day!
I am almost ready to link up to the party! There is always such a good crowd here!
Loving the features, thanks for hosting!
Beautiful features, Linda...always so much inspiration at your party!
Thanks for hosting! I'm a new follower from What's Cooking in the Burbs. Have a great evening!
So fun to participate this week! Thanks for hosting!
Thank you for hosting! I always feel so inspired by your posts and features!
Hi Linda! Boy aren't the weeks a flyin' by!!! I can't believe it's August this week.
Thanks for hosting. We always have fun and the features this week are great. Love the turquoise chest.
Thanks so much for hosting this week. Love the features.
Thanks for hosting this great Tea Party! Nice features too.
What colorful features Linda. I love them. thanks for hosting!
Love all the colorful featured items. I always look forward to TTT.
I've linked up a simple recipe for Oven Roasted Cherry Tomatoes (# 178 ). They are delicious by themselves, on a cracker with cream cheese, on a pizza, salad or sandwich. And, they're really easy to make! Have a good morning and thanks for hosting the party again!
I am only half way through the links, and I already have to stop to take notes. The heat must be bringing out the creativity! I'll be back. Thanks for hosting.
Oh my! Amazing features!! Thanks for being such a sweet host Linda!
I just found your blog.. and it is so great! Thanks for hosting this party so glad I can join in on the fun!
Thank you so much for hosting such a great party each week! I love seeing what everyone links up.
Thank you for hosting. I am happy to find this fun party.
Linda, I have been gone for the past week and I can't remember now if I responded to you about you featuring my post or not. Thank you so much! I really do appreciate it and I can't wait to get back to blogging so I can come back and link up again. I feel completely disconnected (and very behind) after not posting anything all week!
Linda do you have a garden? If so can you please show us it.


Doing the Pipiwai Trail, Maui, Without a Guide? Your Questions Answered!
Doing the Pipiwai Trail on Maui Without a Guide?
How long does it take to hike the Pipiwai Trail on Maui?
The trail should take anywhere from 2-3 hours, depending on how often you stop along the way, and how quick you're able to move along.
Do you recommend hiking this trail with children?
I would definitely give it a try if you think they will enjoy a hike of that length. We plan on bringing our kids there once we're confident they won't complain about the length of the hike (they're only 3 and 5 right now as I write this... hopefully in a couple years the youngest can handle it!) When we went, we saw several families with younger kids, and they seemed to be having a good time. Of course, every child is different, so use your own best judgement. Worst case, if your child isn't into the hike, you can always turn back and try again in a few years.
I'd be sure to keep my kids very close to me, not allowing them to run ahead or lag behind. If I were bringing very young children, I'd be holding their little hand the entire way! This is just for my own peace of mind to know they couldn't wander off trail and get into trouble with a waterfall or stream (especially in case of a flash flood).
Are there any special supplies I should bring along?
Bring lots of water, snacks, and some water shoes for the stream crossing that comes up near the end of the trail. When we were here, the stream was very shallow and we were able to keep our hiking shoes on as we picked our way over the rocks - but since you never know what you'll find when you get here, having water shoes in your backpack can't hurt. If the stream is too deep or flowing too fast, then don't enter the water. Also, be on watch for flash floods.
Also, I recommend that you wear closed toed shoes for this hike. There are centipedes on Maui that have a nasty bite - I've only ever seen one once, and that was when our guide was purposely looking for one under fallen leaves on a trail - in sandals you'd have to worry about kicking one under some leaves and getting bitten. Closed-toe shoes should protect you from that.
I hear the Waimoku Falls at the end of the trail is gorgeous! Can we swim there?
When you get to the end of the trail and Waimoku Falls, be sure to obey the signs warning people to stay back due to the risk of falling rocks. People have died here from unexpected rocks falling on them. It's deceiving when you get there - you see this gorgeous waterfall, all is peaceful, a large open area that looks soooo inviting out front, and then these signs saying not to go there... it's so tempting to disregard them. But if you have bad luck and a rock falls on your head, well, totally not worth the risk. There are safer waterfalls to swim at elsewhere on the island.
Since the Pipiwai Trail on Maui is located within Haleakala National Park, you'll have to pay the $10 per car entrance fee (current at the time of this writing). When you pay your fee, it's a good opportunity to check with the park rangers if there are any special warnings or cautions for the trail that day.
Parking is free, and there's lots of it. Restrooms are located adjacent to the parking area. Bring along all the food and water you'll need since the nearest guaranteed source of food is the town of Hana.
How do I get to the Pipiwai Trail on Maui?
From central Maui, follow the Hana Highway all the way to Hana town, then keep going! A little ways past mile marker 42, you'll see the ranger station where you will pay the entrance fee. The parking lot for the trail will be on your left.
Looking for more awesome hikes in Maui that you can do yourself and save the money you would have spent on a guide?
If so, I highly recommend you check out the book "Top Trails: Maui." I have it, and love it - it's a relatively inexpensive book and it covers a lot for the money.
If you'd like to find out more about it, I recommend you check it out Amazon.com: Top Trails: Maui: Must-Do Hikes for Everyone.
1) Our guided hike along the Pipiwai Trail with Hike Maui.
2) The Bamboo Forest along the Pipiwai Trail on Maui.
3) Oheo Gulch (Seven Sacred Pools): Be sure to check this one out - it's off the same parking lot where you'll be parking your car for the Pipiwai Trail on Maui.


Many of the features of Snapchat are included in Marco Polo, but without the disappearing act.
The title of this story is not an insult. As interesting as Snapchat can be with its funny filters and disappearing Snaps (supposedly protecting your nudes from the world at large - you know you do that, so don't deny it), that app still feels a bit like a toy and a social media connection.
Marco Polo is a much more isolated platform, which has limitations, but that might be the point.
Marco Polo, like Snapchat, is a kind of "walkie talkie" app that allows you to send videos to friends. It records and stores video messages between you and anyone connected to you through it.
How Does It Differ from Snapchat?
The biggest difference is the storage of video. Marco Polo stores the videos in a stream underneath every conversation. Snaps are deleted almost immediately while MP messages live on unless you decide to delete them. MP does not allow for still images, only video, however. Also, Snapchat has a constantly updated set of filters, some of which border on genius. So far, MP's filters are limited to a handful of voice change effects and video filters like black and white.
Both allow you to send video chats to friends, and write text or draw on the screen. Both are fairly efficient at getting conversations across.
One of the most useful aspects of MP for me has been the ability to connect groups of people together. This is handy with friends spread out across the country or world and an easy way to keep up. It's also great for organizing things with friends like dinner plans or joint trips. It definitely speeds up the process and avoids the nuisance of group texts. You can be notified of new messages from MP, but you can also turn that off and catch up later.
It does take a little work to figure out how to change things. Swiping left and right, for example, changes the video filter, but that isn't readily apparent. Also, after an unnamed amount of time with the app, it gives you the ability to drop emojis onto other people's videos (thumbs up, heart, etc.) to show your appreciation. But, with little documentation or help, it can take some time to learn your way around.
One of the great benefits of MP is that it stores videos pretty much forever. That means you can go back through group messages and re-watch. But, if you forget to check in for a while, there can be a LONG stream of messages waiting. With no time limit on videos, that could mean a lot of time sifting through old videos. And all of them have to be tapped on to remove the red icon letting you know you have not seen it yet. But, you can speed up the voice to double time, which helps.
I call this Snapchat for old people mainly because it doesn't have the feel of a public, social media platform. There is no news feed. You can search for users, but it's not like Buzzfeed has a MP feed to watch. And having videos that don't disappear makes it handy to go back and review things you might have missed. As video chatting becomes more popular - and wireless transmission networks even faster - Marco Polo offers a great alternative to Snapchat...no matter your age.


After a successful week of electrofishing in Bråån and Tommarpsån four weeks ago, Laura and I started to prepare an aquaria room at Lunds University for an initial fish-infestation experiment. Cleaning aquaria, buying and arranging equipment or settling up oxygen-pipes were some of our tasks for the week.
This let us continue with a second successful electrofishing-action with Niklas afterwards. With a car full of fish many different species were transported from Klingavälsån and Fyleån to the aquaria room in Lund at several chargings. Four different fish species were caught in Fyleån, ten in Klingavälsån directly at Hemmerstorps Mölla. What a positive surprise! Bullheads (Cottus gobio) and three-spined sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus) occurred in both streams, brown trout (Salmo trutta) and minnow (Phoxinus phoxinus) in Fyleån. Roach (Rutilus rutilus), silver bream (Abramis bjoerkna), perch (Perca fluviatilis), stone loach (Barbatula barbatula), common bleak (Alburnus alburnus), pike (Esox Lucius), tench (Tinca tinca) and nine-spined stickleback (Pungitus pungitus) were caught in Klingavälsån. The latter mentioned species were only a few individuals each, but still interesting for testing host-fish suitability. At the end of the week Niklas found 15 gravid mussels in Bråån which we finally transported to the lab.
Since bringing the animals in the aquaria room the tension has been increasing every new morning hoping that all fishes and mussels survived the night. A few bullheads died because of fungal infections, but the general situation is stable now. It was possible to count all fishes and to check their gills for ongoing infestation by mussel glochidia. This was a great balance between anesthetizing baths and fast but still thoroughly looking at the gills with further waking up baths. Between checking the mussels for glochidia release and regularly changing the water, fishes were fed and aquaria were cleaned. It was great to have Deplhine's help during the week which made it possible to work effectively. Thanks a lot! Many fishes in a small and cold room bring along a lot of work. We now hope to get enough ripe glochidia for starting the experiment. If not, we'll try with further mussels ;).


My coworker Alex Frank has described Taragana Pyjarama as being a "soundtrack for getting stuck overnight in a planetarium checking out the constellations by yourself." "Growing Forehead," can certainly be described similarly, but it seems less lonely than looking at the stars alone, as though maybe you got some friends together after you left the fake sky and headed out to see the real one. It's probably all keyboards and computers, but there are French horn tones in here, and long before vocalist Kicki Halmos enters, there's a repeated sample of inward breath, like eavesdropping on yoga. Interestingly, Nick Eriksen, who is Taragana, has signed to venerable German electronic music label Kompakt and "Growing Forehead" is the first song from Tipped Bowls, his debut for the label, due out June 18th.
Stream: Taragana Pyjarama, "Growing Forehead"


As mentioned earlier, Xen hyper-visor runs directly on machine's hardware, in place of the operating system. The OS is in-fact loaded as a module by GRUB.
When GRUB boots, it loads the hyper-visor, "kernel-xen".
The hyper-visor then creates initial Xen domain, Domain-0 (Dom-0 for short).
Dom-0 has full / privileged access to the hardware and to the hyper-visor, through it's control interfaces.
xend, the user-space service is started to support utilities, which in-turn can install and control other domains and manage the xen hyper-visor itself.
It is critical, and thus included in Xen's design, to provide security to Dom-0. If that is compromised, the hyper-visor and the other virtual machines/domains can also be compromised on same machine.
One Dom-U, cannot directly access another Dom-U. All user domains are accessed only by Domain-0.
In RHEL 5.x the hyper-visor uses kernel-xen. The RHEL5.x user domains also use (their own, individual) kernel-xen to boot up.
User domains running RHEL 4.5 and higher (4.x), use kernel-xenU as their boot kernel.
RHEL 4 cannot be used as Dom-0.
Fedora 4 to Fedora 8 can be used as Dom-0. Later versions of Fedora 9-12, cannot be used as Dom-0.
All versions of Fedora can be used as Dom-U.
On the contrary, fully-virtualized hardware virtual machines (user/guest domains), must use normal "kernel", instead of "kernel-xen".
Security Rings, also known as privilege rings, or privilege levels, are a design feature of all the modern day processors. The lowest numbered ring has the highest privilege and the highest numbered ring has the lowest privilege. Normally four rings are used, numbered 0-3.
In a non virtualized environment / case, the normal Linux Operating System's kernel runs in ring-0, where it has full access to all of the hardware. The user-space programs are run in ring-3, which has limited access to all hardware resources. For any access needed to the hardware, the user-space programs request to system programs in ring-0.
Para-virtualization works using Ring-Compression. In this case, the hyper-visor itself runs on ring-0. The kernels of Dom-0 and Dom-Us of the PVMs are run in lower privileged rings, in the following manner.
On 32-bit x86 machines, Dom-0 and Dom-U kernels run in ring-1; and segmentation is used to protect memory.
On 64-bit architectures, segmentation is not supported. In such case, kernel-space and user-space for virtual domains must both run in ring-3. Paging and context switches are used to protect the hyper-visor, and also protect the kernel-address-space and user-spaces of virtual domains, from each other.
Hardware-assisted Full Virtualization works differently. The new processor instructions (Intel VT-x and AMD-V) places the CPU is new execution modes, depending on situation.
When executing instructions for a hardware-assisted virtual machine (HVM), the CPU switches to "non-privileged" or "non-root" or "guest" mode, in which the VM kernel can run in ring-0 and the userspace can run in ring-3.
When an instruction arrives, which must be trapped by the hyper-visor, the CPU leaves this mode and returns to the normal "privileged" or "root" or "host" mode, in which, the privileged hyper-visor us running in ring-0.
Each processor for each virtual machine, has a virtual machine control block/structure associated with it. This block is 4KB in size, also known as a page. This block/structure stores the information about the state of the processor in that particular virtual machine's "guest" mode.
Note that this can be used in parallel to para-virtualization. This means that some virtual machines may be setup to run as para-virtualized, and at the same time, on the same physical host, some virtual machines may use the virtualization extensions (Intel VT-x/ADM-V). This is of-course only possible on a physical host, which has these extensions available and enabled in the CPU.
This is the most important topic after the basic Xen Architecture concepts. Disks / Virtual Block Devices will be following it.
Xen provides two types of network connectivity to the guest OS / Dom-Us.
When a VM needs to have the IP of the same network, to which Xen physical host is connected to, it needs to be "bridged" to the physical network. "xenbr0" is the standard bridge or a virtual switch , which connects VMs to the same network, where the physical host itself is connected.
Xenbr0 never has an IP assigned to it, because it is just a forwarding switch/bridge.
This kind of connectivity is used when the VMs have publicly accessible services running on them, such as an email server, a web server, etc.
This is a much easier mode of networking / network connections to the VMs.
It is important to note that Virtual Network is not native to Xen. In other words, it is not provided by Xen. In-fact the libvirtd daemon present in RedHat based distributions start a separate (private) bridge virbr0. This bridge is setup for NAT by deafult and should be considered part of libvirtd, rather than Xen, as explained earlier. However, it does function as Xen's "network-nat" implementation. That is, Dom-0 runs as DNSMASQ service pm virbr0, which NATs the packets coming to/from DomU.
You "can" use just Xen's networking scripts/methods, without using libvirtd.
When a VM does not have to be on the same network as of the physical host itself, it can be connected to another type of bridge / virtual switch, which is private to the physical host only. This is named "virbr0" in most RedHat based Linux distributions, as explained above.
In this case, the Xen physical host is assigned a default IP of 192.168.122.1 , and is connected to this private switch . All VMs created / configured to connect to this switch get the IP of the same private subnet 192.168.122.0/24 . The physical host's 192.168.122.1 interface works as a gateway for these VM's traffic to go out of the physical host, and allow them to communicate with the outside world.
This communication is done through NAT. The physical host / Dom-0 acts as NAT router, and also as a DHCP and DNS server for the virtual machines connected to virbr0. A special service running on physical host/ Dom-0 , named "dnsmasq" does this.
It should be noted that the DHCP service running on physical host / Dom-0 does not create any conflict with any other DHCP server on the network , to which the public interface of the physical host is connected. Thus it is safe.
This mechanism is mostly used in test environments, as it allows each developer / administrator to have his own virtual machines, in a sandbox / isolated environment, within his PC / laptop, etc.
Since the machines do not obtain the IP from the public network of the physical host, the public IPs are not wasted.
Another advantage is that even if your physical host is not connected to any network, the virbr0 still has an IP (192.168.122.1), thus all virtual machines and the physical host are always connected to each other. This is not possible in Shared Physical Device mode (xenbr0), because if the network cable is unplugged from the physical host and it does not have an IP of it's own, the virtual machines, also don't have an IP of their own. (Unless if they are configured with static IPs, of-course).
This is the default network connectivity method for VMs in RHEL 5.1 and onwards.
Each Xen guest domain / Dom-U, can have up to three (3) virtual NICs assigned to it. The physical interface on the physical host / Dom-0 is renamed to "peth0" (Physical eth0) . This becomes the "uplink" from this Xen physical host, to the physical LAN switch. In fact a virtual network cable is connected to from this peth0 to the virtual bridge created by Xen.
Virtual Network Interfaces with the naming scheme of vifD.N are created in Dom-0, as network ports for the bridges, and are connected to the virtual network interfaces (eth0) of each virtual machine. "D" is the "Domain-ID" of the Dom-U and "N" is the "NIC number" in the Dom-U. It should be noted that vifD.N never has an IP assigned to it. The IP is assigned to the actual virtual network interface in the domain it is pointing to.
Note that both "peth0" and "vifD.N" have the MAC address of "FE:FF:FF:FF:FF:FF". This is because they are (so-called) ports connecting to outer world (in case of peth0), and internal virtual network (in case of vifD.N). This indicates that the actual MAC address of the back-end virtual network interface card of the domain will take precedence.
Also note that "virbr0" will always have a MAC address of "00:00:00:00:00:00". Remember this is a NAT router component, and all MAC addresses are stripped off at the router level / layer-3. Therefore this indicates that the virtual machines can have any MAC address, but when they go out of this interface, they are replaced with the MAC address of the eth0 of Dom-0. (This is because the packet will be NATed).
All virtual NICs of the VMs have MAC address of the vendor code "00:16:3E".
Dom-0's physical interface was renamed to peth0 in the point explained above. Therefore for Dom-0 to communicate to th e world, it needs a network interface. A virtual network interface "eth0" is assigned to it. This eth0 of Dom-0 is then assigned appropriate IP. This eth0 of Dom-0 is connected to the virtual bridge already created by Xen. The corresponding virtual interface on Dom-0 for this one is vif0.0 . See the computer output a little below to understand this.
For example, there is a Dom-U named "Fedora-12" with domain-id of "3", and that Dom-U has only one virtual NIC, "eth0", then there will be an interface defined in Dom-0, by the name vif3.0 , which means that a virtual network cable from the Dom-0's bridge is connected to the eth0 of domain "Fedora-12". In the computer output below, this vif (vif3.0) is not shown, because that is a freshly installed Xen server, which doesn't have any VMs created in it at the moment.
Here is the output of ifconfig command, from a freshly installed Xen physical host. There are a few concepts, which you must master, before you move on.
And here is the output of ifconfig command from a KVM physical host. This is being show here, just to show the difference in networking model between Xen and KVM.
Xen creates, by default, seven pair of "connected virtual ethernet interfaces" for use by dom0. Think of them as two ethernet interfaces connected by an internal crossover ethernet cable. veth0 is connected to vif0.0, veth1 is connected to vif0.1, etc, up to veth7 -> vif0.7. You can use them by configuring IP and MAC addresses on the veth# end, then attaching the vif0.# end to a bridge.
Every time you create a running domU instance, it is assigned a new domain id number. You don't get to pick the number, sorry. The first domU will be id #1. The second one started will be #2, even if #1 isn't running anymore.
For each new domU, Xen creates a new pair of "connected virtual ethernet interfaces", with one end in domU and the other in dom0. For linux domU's, the device name it sees is named eth0. The other end of that virtual ethernet interface pair exists within dom0 as interface vif<id#>.0. For example, domU #5's eth0 is attached to vif5.0. If you create multiple network interfaces for a domU, it's ends will be eth0, eth1, etc, whereas the dom0 end will be vif<id#>.0, vif<id#>.1, etc.
When a domU is shutdown, the virtual ethernet interfaces for it are deleted.
There is another excellent explanation of some of the Xen Networking Concepts at http://www.novell.com/communities/print/node/4094 . I am reproducing some part of it below. You should still read this document in full.
The process works wonderfully if there is only one network device present on the system. When multiple NICs are present, this process can be confused or limitations can be encountered.
In the process of bringing up the networking, veth and vif pairs are brought up. For each veth device, there is a coresponding vif device. The veth devices are given to the DomU's, while the corresponding vif device is attached to the bridge. By default, seven of the veth/vif pairs are brought up. Each physical device consumes a veth/vif pair, thereby reducing the number of veth/vifs available for DomU's.
For most installations, the idea of having seven virtual machines run at the same time is somewhat difficult (though not impossible). However, for each NIC card there has to be bridge, peth, eth and vif device. Since eth and vif devices are pseudo devices, the number of netloops is decremented for each physical NIC beyond the assume single NIC.
Where most people run into problems is with bonding. The network-multinet script enables the use of bonding. It is easy to see where one could run into trouble with multiple NICs.
The solution is to increase the number of netloop devices, thereby increasing the number of veth/vif pairs available for use.
In /etc/modprobe.d create and open a file for editing called "netloop"
It is recommended to increase the number of netloops in any situation where multiple NICs are present. When a deficit of netloops exist, sparadioc and odd behavior have been observed including completely broken networking configuration.
Alright, after necessary theory covered in the text before this, we will now go into the actual fun part. Which is installation of Xen on a machine. Here are things to check before you start.
Make sure that PAE is supported by your processor(s) at a minimum, which is needed by Xen, if para-virtulization is needed.
Make sure you have enough processors / processing power for both Dom-0 and Dom-U to function properly.
If you want to use Hardware-assisted full virtualization, make sure that Intel VT-x/AMD-V extensions are available in your processor(s).
At least 512 MB RAM for each domain, including Dom-0 and Dom-U. It can be brought down to 384 MB , or even 256 MB in some cases, depending on the software configurations you select.
Enough space in active partition of the OS, for each VM, if you want to use one large file as visrtual disks for your virtual machines. Xen creates virtual disks in the location: /var/lib/xen/images .
You can also create virtual disks on Logical Volumes and snap-shots, as well as on a SAN, normally ISCSI based IP-SAN.
Enough free disk area, to create raw partitions, which can be used by virtual machines, as their virtual disks. In this case, free space in active linux partitions is irrelevant.
You will need an X interface on this machine, if you want to use virt-manager, which is the GUI interface for libvirt, which in-turn controls Xen, KVM and QEMU.
You may want to select the package group named "Virtualization" during install process.
If you did not select the package-group "Virtualization" during install process, install it now.
Make sure that you have kernel-xen , xen , libvirt and virt-manager are installed.
Make sure that your default boot kernel in GRUB is the one with "kernel-xen" in it. You can also set "DEFAULTKERNEL=kernel-xen in /etc/sysconfig/kernel file.
You may or may not want to use SELINUX. If you are not comfortable with it, disable it. Xen and KVM are SELINUX aware, and work properly (with more security) when used (properly) on top of SELINUX enabled Linux OS.
Lastly, make sure that xend and libvirtd services are set to ON on boot up.
It is normally quite helpful to disable un-necessary services, depending on your requirements. I normally disable sendmail, cups, bluetooth, etc, on my servers.
It is important to know that while creating para-virtual machines, you cannot use the ISO image of your Linux distribution, stored on physical host, trying to use it as install media for the VMs being created. When you need to create PV machines, you will need an exploded version of the install CD or RHEL/CENTOS 4.5 or higher, accessible to this physical host. Normally this is done by storing the exploded tree of the installation CD/DVD on the hard disk of the physical host and making it available through NFS, HTTP or FTP. Therefore you must cater for this additional disk space requirement, when you are installing base OS on the physical host.
After installing windows XP as an HVM, I saw that my windows VM was consuming a lot of XEN host CPU. It was staying at 98% CPU utilization!!! When I checked windows XP's task manager, I saw the XP's own CPU graphs to be idling around 20%-30%. This was confusing. After doing some research, it got cleared that the default HVM settings in XEN (and KVM ??) are setup be more to be on the fail-safe side, compared to the performance side. That means that the default XEN HVM config file has ACPI and APIC disabled. The following post helped clear the issue.
ACPI aims to consolidate and improve upon existing power and configuration standards for hardware devices. It provides a transition from existing standards to entirely ACPI-compliant hardware, with some ACPI operating systems already removing support for legacy hardware. With the intention of replacing Advanced Power Management (APM), the MultiProcessor Specification (MPS) and the Plug and Play (PnP) BIOS Specification, the standard brings power management into operating system control (OSPM), as opposed to the previous BIOS central system, which relied on platform-specific firmware to determine power management and configuration policy.
In computing, an Advanced Programmable Interrupt Controller (APIC) is a more complex Programmable Interrupt Controller (PIC) than Intel's original types such as the 8259A. APIC devices permit more complex priority schemata, and Advanced IRQ (Interrupt Request) management.
One of the best known APIC architectures, the Intel APIC Architecture, has largely replaced the original 8259A PIC in newer x86 computers, starting with SMP systems when it replaced proprietary SMP solutions and on pretty much all PC compatibles since around late 2000 when Microsoft began encouraging PC vendors to enable it on uniprocessor systems and even made it a requirement of PC 2001 to enable it on desktop systems.
There are two components in the Intel APIC system, the Local APIC (LAPIC) and the I/O APIC. There is one LAPIC in each CPU in the system. There is typically one I/O APIC for each peripheral bus in the system. In original system designs, LAPICs and I/O APICs were connected by a dedicated APIC bus. Newer systems use the system bus for communication between all APIC components.
* For NetBSD, using userconf ("boot -c" from the boot prompt) command "disable ioapic"
In NetBSD with nforce chipsets from Nvidia, having IOAPIC support enabled in the kernel can cause "nfe0: watchdog timeout" errors.
In Linux, problems with I/O APIC are one of several causes of error messages concerning "spurious 8259A interrupt: IRQ7.". It is also possible that I/O APIC causes problems with network interfaces based on via-rhine driver, causing a transmission time out. Uniprocessor kernels with APIC enabled can cause spurious interrupts to be generated.
This page was last modified on 14 March 2011, at 07:50.


This is a story about four rings, they are just plain wedding bands but held sacred by Eva Collins. She met the love of her life Marty Atkins in nineteen thirty-three they were married in nineteen thirty-five. During the years of their marriage, she tried to keep track of how many times the rings parted and came back together. When they got married they picked out two rings just thin bands of gold, when their oldest son got married they gave the rings to them.
A short time later they bought two more rings, they were wider and like the others just plain gold bands only hers had a small diamond. In later years Marty passed away, a few years after that their youngest son got married, she wanted his wife to have her ring. Her son drove a truck for a living and was gone those many years except for time off. The rings parted and came together as he came and went, their marriage lasted almost ten years, when it was over she wanted her ring back and prayed he would get it for her.