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Hawaiian Kingdom Blog
Weblog of the acting government of the Hawaiian Kingdom presently operating within the occupied State of the Hawaiian Islands.
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Category Archives: War Crimes
British Newspaper The Guardian: Hawai'i Politician Stops Voting, Claiming Islands are 'Occupied Sovereign Country'
Posted on December 1, 2018 by Hawaiian Kingdom
Two days after celebrations of Hawaiian Independence Day took place throughout the Hawaiian Islands, the British Newspaper "The Guardian" published an article on Hawai'i County Council Member Jennifer Ruggles titled Hawaii politician stops voting, claiming islands are 'occupied.'
Important take aways from a good article.
After the Guardian reporter reached out to the U.S. Department of State and State of Hawai'i Governor for comment on Jennifer Ruggles' position that war crimes are being committed throughout the Hawaiian Islands and on the memorandum of the United Nations Independent Expert to State of Hawai'i Judges stating that the Hague and Geneva Conventions obligate the United States to administer Hawaiian Kingdom laws and not the domestic laws of the United States, both offices gave no comment. If Hawai'i was not an occupied State, but rather legally a part of the United States, and that the Hague and Geneva Conventions don't apply to Hawai'i, the State Department and the Governor's office would have surely stated that. Instead they gave no comment. When a government agency gives no comment it would imply that they cannot deny the facts of the story.
Dr. deZayas statement that Hawai'i is "formally" a part of the United States. Careful statement made because the word formally is defined as "pertaining to the outward aspect of something as distinguished from its substance or material." Formally is not the same as legally.
Spokesman from the United Nations Office of the Commissioner for Human Rights stated "They are [Dr. deZayas'] own views." This is true because it was his view as United Nations Independent Expert before his term expired in April 2018.
In his February 25, 2018 memorandum to the State of Hawai'i, Dr. deZayas clearly stated, "currently serving as the UN Independent Expert on the promotion of a democratic and equitable international order, I have come to understand that the lawful political status of the Hawaiian Islands is that of a sovereign nation-state in continuity; but a nation-state that is under a strange form of occupation by the United States resulting from an illegal military occupation and a fraudulent annexation."
The Guardian reported, "Keanu Sai, a political science lecturer at the University of Hawaii and member of the Hawaiian Kingdom provisional government, says the unilateral annexation of Hawaii by passing a law was tantamount to the US passing a law annexing the UK or any other country. Sai said: 'You can't pass a law annexing a foreign country.'"
#ProtectedPersonsHawaii
#WarCrimesHawaii
Posted in International Law, International Relations, National, War Crimes	| 16 Replies
Big Island Video News (BIVN): Ruggles Disappointed In Media Coverage
Posted on November 29, 2018 by Hawaiian Kingdom
Posted in International Law, National, War Crimes	| 5 Replies
U.S. Federal Court Acknowledges the Continuity of the Hawaiian Kingdom and U.S. Violations of International Law
When the United States Senate resumed its debate of senate bill no. 222 to provide a government for the Territory of Hawai'i in 1900, there was an exchange between Senator William Allen of Nebraska and Senator John Spooner of Wisconsin that warrants special attention. Two years earlier, Senator Allen voted against the annexation of the Hawaiian Islands by congressional legislation.
During the debate on July 4, 1898, Senator Allen said, "The Constitution and the statutes are territorial in their operation; that is, they can not have any binding force or operation beyond the territorial limits of the government in which they are promulgated. In other words, the Constitution and statutes can not reach across the territorial boundaries of the United States into the territorial domain of another government and affect that government or persons or property therein (31 Cong. Rec. 6635)."
He continued to clarify, that the "power of acquiring additional territory, rests exclusively in the President and the Senate, that it is an executive power which in its very nature can not be exercised by the House of Representatives, and that the only method of exercising it is by treaty and not by joint resolution or act of Congress; and the case of Texas, when rightly understood, forms no exception to this rule; therefore an attempt to annex or acquire territory by act or joint resolution of Congress is in violation of the letter, spirit, and policy of the Constitution (id.)."
Consistent with his position in 1898, Senator Allen asserted on February 28, 1900, "I utterly repudiate the power of Congress to annex the Hawaiian Islands by a joint resolution such as passed the Senate. It is ipso facto null and void (33 Cong. Rec. 2391)." If the annexation was null and void, then there would be no need to debate senate bill no. 222 that would establish an American government on Hawaiian territory. Senator Spooner response to Senator Allen was "that is a political question, not subject to review by the courts (id.)." He then reiterated, "The Hawaiian Islands were annexed to the United States by a joint resolution passed by Congress. I reassert…that that was a political question and it will never be reviewed by the Supreme Court or any other judicial tribunal (id.)."
What did Senator Spooner mean that "it will never be reviewed by the Supreme Court or any other judicial tribunal." He was referring to the "political question" doctrine. William Howard Taft acknowledged that Senator Spooner was "a great constitutional lawyer," which is why he knew precisely what the political question doctrine was when he said it. Under this doctrine that was in use by American courts at the time, to include the United States Supreme Court, political questions were considered by the courts as factual determinations made by the executive and legislative branches. As such, these determinations, even if they were considered by the courts as unconstitutional, would bind the courts to accept them as conclusive. What Senator Spooner meant was no matter how illegal the annexation was, the American courts will have to accept it because Congress did it.
As an example, the U.S. Supreme Court in Williams v. Suffolk Ins. Co., 38 U.S. (13 Pet.) 415, 420 (1839) treated as binding on the court the executive's determination that a given country was in control of foreign territory "whether the executive be right or wrong." According to Nelson "an important branch of [the political question] doctrine operated to identify factual questions on which courts would accept the political branches' determinations as binding." See Caleb Nelson, Adjudication in the Political Branches, 107 Colum. L. Rev. 559, 592-93 (2007). Under this doctrine courts at the time did not question whether it had jurisdiction to resolve a political question "but rather enforced and applied the political branches' determinations." See Tara Leigh Grove, The Lost History of the Political Question Doctrine, 90 N.Y.U. L. Rev. 1908, 1963 (Dec. 2015).
Senator Spooner's statement is not only telling but malicious. The federal government knew that the illegal annexation of Hawai'i would be locked within the American political system under the political question doctrine and never see the light of day. This shows an intent on the part of the United States government to conceal the fact that the annexation of Hawai'i by a joint resolution, as Senator Allen stated, was "ipso facto null and void." The political question doctrine, however, would later be revamped by the United States Supreme Court in Baker v. Carr, 369 U.S. 186 (1962) that would ironically unlock the door in exposing the prolonged occupation of Hawai'i and the violations of international law.
Moving away from the courts accepting the factual determinations of the political branches as binding, the Supreme Court would now assert a revised doctrine where the courts would deny it has jurisdiction to address a political question because that decision has to be addressed by either of the two political branches—the executive or legislative, not the judicial branch. The issue would no longer be the acceptance of the factual determinations made by the executive or legislative branches, but whether or not the courts have jurisdiction to hear the case. It would now become a question of whether a case was justiciable or non-justiciable. In other words, under the traditional doctrine where the courts did not dismiss as non-justiciable but rather enforced the political branches determinations whether they were "right or wrong," the courts under the modern doctrine would dismiss as non-justiciable because there exists a political question.
Today the invoking of the political question doctrine in cases that have been filed in federal courts come by way of a motion to dismiss under Rule 12(b)(1) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure or done by the court's own volition called sua sponte. Rule 12(b)(1) addresses subject matter jurisdiction, which is whether the court has jurisdiction to hear the case before it. Where a motion to dismiss on subject matter jurisdiction grounds would be filed is in a situation where a prosecutor is attempting to prosecute someone for murder in traffic court. A traffic court does not have subject matter jurisdiction to prosecute a murder case, another type of court does. Applying the modern political question doctrine, the American courts would say the proper jurisdiction is either with executive or legislative branches of government and not the courts.
Therefore, the court's dismissal of the case because of a political question only addresses the jurisdictional question of whether the court can preside over the case and not the merits of the case. In fact, under the modern doctrine, when a court dismisses a case as a political question under Rule 12(b)(1), the court accepts as true the factual allegations in the complaint.
In 2008, the federal district court in Washington, D.C., dismissed a case concerning Taiwan as a political question under Rule 12(b)(1) in Lin v. United States, 539 F. Supp. 2d 173 (D.D.S. 2008). The federal court in its order stated that it "must accept as true all factual allegations contained in the complaint when reviewing a motion to dismiss pursuant to Rule 12(b)(1)." When this case went on appeal, the D.C. Appellate Court underlined the modern doctrine of the political question, "We do not disagree with Appellants' assertion that we could resolve this case through treaty analysis and statutory construction; we merely decline to do so as this case presents a political question which strips us of jurisdiction to undertake that otherwise familiar task." See Lin v. United States, 561 F.3d 506 (2009).
In 2018, federal judge Tanya S. Chutkan presided over Sai v. Trump—Petition for Writ of Mandamus, which sought an order from the federal court to compel President Trump to comply with the 1907 Hague Convention, IV, and the 1949 Geneva Convention, IV, by administering the laws of the Hawaiian Kingdom as an occupied State. The case was filed on June 25, 2018 with the United States District Court for the District of Columbia and assigned civil case no. 1:18-cv-01500.
The factual allegations of the complaint were stated in paragraphs 79 through 205 under the headings From a State of Peace to a State of War, The Duty of Neutrality by Third States, Obligation of the United States to Administer Hawaiian Kingdom laws, Denationalization through Americanization, The State of Hawai'i is a Private Armed Force, The Restoration of the Hawaiian Kingdom Government, Recognition De Facto of the Restored Hawaiian Government, War Crimes: 1907 Hague Convention, IV, and War Crimes: 1949 Geneva Convention, IV.
On September 11, 2018, Judge Chutkan, on her own accord (sua sponte), issued an order dismissing the case as a political question. On the very same day the U.S. Attorney for the District of Columbia filed a "Motion for Extension of Time to Answer in light of the order dismissing this action," but it was denied by minute order. Judge Chutkan stated, "Because Sai's claims involve a political question, this court is without jurisdiction to review his claims and the court will therefore DISMISS the Petition." By dismissing the complaint, the Court accepted "as true all factual allegations contained in the complaint."
Under the traditional political question doctrine, the Federal Court would have accepted as true the annexation of Hawai'i even though it wasn't, but under the modern doctrine it accepted as true the "illegality" of the annexation as well as the violations of international law since the American invasion of the Hawaiian Kingdom on January 16, 1893.
For the first time since President Grover Cleveland, in his message to the Congress on December 18, 1893, presented the facts of the illegal overthrow of the Hawaiian Kingdom government, the United States government, through its federal court in Washington, D.C., accepted "as true" the facts of the prolonged occupation of the Hawaiian Kingdom and the commission of war crimes.
The proper venue for resolving the violations of international law is not with the executive or legislative branches of the United States government, but rather international bodies, which will include the International Commission of Inquiry in Incidents of War Crimes in the Hawaiian Islands—The Larsen Case (Hawaiian Kingdom – Lance Paul Larsen) under the jurisdiction of the Permanent Court of Arbitration. These proceedings stemmed from the Larsen v. Hawaiian Kingdom arbitration.
The United States has admitted to the violations of international law. Drawing from the Miranda warning, "Anything you say may be used against you in a court of law."
Posted in International Law, National, War Crimes	| 14 Replies
Big Island Video News (BIVN): Ruggles Puts Hawaii Officials On Notice For Pillaging (Nov. 20, 2018)
Council Member Ruggles Places the State of Hawai'i on Notice for Pillaging Protected Persons
Council member Jen Ruggles released a letter today that she had sent to Governor Ige, every mayor, and every county taxation department in the State of Hawai'i regarding "War crimes of pillaging committed against Protected Persons by the State of Hawai'i and its Four Counties."
The letter begins by stating, "To my dismay, I have become aware of Hawai'i's status as a nation-state, under international law, which has been under an illegal occupation by the United States since it, by its own admission, illegally overthrew the Hawaiian Kingdom government on January 17, 1893." Referring to President Cleveland's 1893 address to the U.S. Congress where he declared U.S. had committed "an act of war" against the Hawaiian Kingdom, she writes, "these acts of war created a state of war between itself and the Hawaiian Kingdom…International law bound, and still binds, the United States to adhere to the law of occupation."
Ruggles also referred to the United Nations Human Rights Office of the High Commissioner, Dr. Alfred de Zayas' memorandum sent to Hawaii State judges this past February which stated Hawai'i was "under a strange form of occupation by the United States resulting from an illegal military occupation and a fraudulent annexation."
"After reading Dr. de Zayas's memorandum," Ruggles wrote, "I attempted to verify his claim of 'a fraudulent annexation.' It became apparent to me that there is no clear U.S. constitutional basis for the enforcement of United States law on Hawaiian Kingdom territory…As a Council member, I have come to understand that legislation is limited to the territorial jurisdiction of the law-making body. The U.S. Congress has no constitutional authority, nor any authority under international law, to unilaterally annex a foreign country by a joint resolution."
Ruggles also noted that according to international law definitions, what is called the "State of Hawai'i" is, in fact, an "organized armed force." "The State of Hawai'i cannot, therefore claim to be a lawful government because its only claim to authority derives from U.S. congressional legislation that has no extraterritorial effect," Ruggles wrote, "The 'State of Hawai'i' meets the jus in bello—the laws of war definition of an organized armed group acting for and on behalf of the United States within the territory of the Hawaiian Kingdom."
According to Ruggles, because there is no evidence that Hawaii was ever legally made apart of the United States, the laws of occupation apply. These laws would include the Hague and Geneva Conventions, which are U.S. ratified treaties. According to Title 18, section 2441 of the United States Code, any breach to these treaties constitute "war crimes."
Article 64 of the 1949 Geneva Convention mandates that the laws of the occupied territory must remain in force. Ruggles says these laws include the 1882 Hawaiian Kingdom Act To Consolidate and Amend the Law Relating to Internal Taxes which consists of poll, school, dog, horse, mule, road, and real and personal property taxes. Ruggles asserts that the State of Hawaii and the four counties collection of money from protected persons is a form of pillaging.
Black's Law dictionary defines plunder as to "pillage or loot. To take property from persons or places by open force, and this may be in course of war…The term is also used to express the idea of taking property from a person or place, without just right." The U.S. ratified Hague and Geneva Conventions specifically prohibit pillaging.
"This letter serves to give you both knowledge, and 'awareness of the factual circumstances that established the existence of an armed conflict' between the Hawaiian Kingdom and the United States, the application of the HCIV and GCIV, and the protection afforded aboriginal Hawaiians as protected persons," Ruggles wrote, "Therefore, you must cease and desist from committing these war crimes unless the State of Hawai'i transforms itself into a Military Government recognizable under international law"
Council member Ruggles concluded the letter with an excerpt from a report Dr. Keanu Sai had provided Governor Ige's Chief of Staff, Mike McCartney in 2015 titled "Report on Military Government." According to the report, the State of Hawaii is obligated to comply with U.S. Army Field Manual FM 27-5 and establish a military government to work with the acting Hawaiian Kingdom Government to provisionally serve as the administrator of the laws of the Hawaiian Kingdom.
During Ruggles' October Town Hall she explained how she is doing her job "as mandated by her oath to uphold the U.S. Constitution that says treaties are the supreme law of the land through putting every agent of the United States in Hawaii concerning the rights of protected persons on notice for violations of the Hague and Geneva Conventions."
Ruggles confirmed Governor Ige, Mayor Kim, Mayor Arakawa, Mayor Caldwell, Mayor Carvalho, Linda Chu Takayama, Lisa Miura, Mark Walker, Nelson H. Koyanagi, Jr., and Ken Shimonishi all received her letter on November 19th, 2018.
Kamehameha Schools Midkiff Learning Center: Hawai'i Sovereignty Symposium
Posted in Education, International Law, National, War Crimes	| 3 Replies
NEA Teachers Union Published Third and Final Article on the American Occupation of Hawai'i
As part of a three part series the National Education Association (NEA) has published the third and final article on the American occupation of Hawai'i. The NEA is the largest labor union in the United States comprised of public school teachers, administrators, and faculty and administrators of universities. This third and final article is titled "The Impact of the U.S. Occupation on the Hawaiian People."
The NEA's article stems from a resolution that was passed by its delegates who met at their annual convention in 2017 in Boston, Massachusetts.
The resolution was introduced by the delegates of the Hawai'i State Teachers Association, which is an affiliate labor union of the NEA, and it passed on July 4, 2017. The resolution was referred to as New Business Item 37, which stated:
"The NEA will publish an article that documents the illegal overthrow of the Hawaiian Monarchy in 1893, the prolonged occupation of the United States in the Hawaiian Kingdom and the harmful effects that this occupation has had on the Hawaiian people and resources of the land."
Posted in Education, International Law, War Crimes	| 3 Replies
Big Island Video News (BIVN): Ruggles To FBI – Investigate Hawaii War Crimes Allegations
Posted on October 26, 2018 by Hawaiian Kingdom
State of Hawai'i Official Reports Queen's Hospital and Hawai'i State Judges to FBI
Puna Council Member Ruggles Reports Queen's Hospital and Hawaii State Judges to the FBI
Puna Council Member Jen Ruggles received confirmation that Hawaii's Federal Bureau of Investigation, (FBI), Special Agent in Charge, Sean Kaul, received her letter reporting Queen's Hospital and Hawaii Circuit Court Judges for alleged war crimes Monday. Ruggles opened the letter by writing, "To my dismay, I have become aware of Hawai'i's status as a nation-state, under international law, which has been under an illegal occupation by the United States since it, by its own admission, illegally overthrew the Hawaiian Kingdom government on January 17, 1893."
Ruggles made reference to a memorandum released by the United Nation Human Rights Office of the High Commissioner that she says, caused her to look into the issue of potential war crimes more seriously. Ruggles says the memorandum uses the terms "plundering," "enabling," and "colluding," and that she could not take it lightly. In her report to the FBI, she also referred to an article published by the National Education Association in April this year which concluded Hawaii is illegally occupied and that the laws of war apply. The NEA is America's largest union in the United States with over 3 million members. The Hawaii State Teacher's association is Hawaii's chapter.
According to Ruggles, war crimes are felonies and she is legally obligated to report felonies under Title 18 United States Code §4 "Misprision of a Felony" which reads that any person, "having knowledge of the actual commission of a felony cognizable by a court of the United States, conceals and does not as soon as possible make known the same to some judge or other person in civil or military authority under the United States, shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than three years, or both." Ruggles says the FBI's primary responsibility is to investigate federal crimes. Ruggles also cc'd the International Criminal Court located in the Hague, Netherlands.
Ruggles said, "if the FBI has evidence that the Hawaiian Kingdom does not exist as an independent nation State that has been in an unjust state of war with the U.S. since 1893, and that war crimes and the international crime of genocide as defined under federal law have not taken place, I want to see that evidence. If not, then the FBI is obligated to immediately initiate a criminal investigation."
Last month Ruggles had sent a letter to Queen's Hospital explaining how it appears they are committing war crimes against protected persons by abrogating their original charter which mandated free health care to aboriginal Hawaiians. Ruggles also sent a letter to every Hawaii State Circuit Court Judge outlining how foreclosures violate the rights of protected persons in Hawaii, (including Americans), and constitute war crimes.
Ruggles wants to be clear that she is not advocating for those who borrowed money from the lender to disregard their debt owed. As she stated in the letter to the judges, "The lender is protected under the loan title insurance policy that was purchased by the borrower as a condition of the loan. As such, there is no reason to have any foreclosure proceedings in the first place because the defects in titles have rendered all mortgage liens invalid." According to Ruggles, a defect in title is a covered risk in the loan title insurance policy, and, as such, the lenders should file an insurance claim to have the insurance company pay off the debt owed since the borrower was required to purchase the insurance policy to protect the lender as a condition of the loan.
During Ruggles' last town hall she announced that she would be "putting every agent of the United States on notice concerning the rights of protected persons."
Ruggles Puts Hawai'i State Judges on Notice for Appearing to Commit War Crimes in Foreclosure Proceedings
Informs judges that foreclosure proceedings appear to be in violation of Article 46 of the Hague Convention, IV and Article 47 of the 1949 Geneva Convention, IV
Council member Ruggles released a letter today that she says she sent to all Hawai'i Circuit Court judges meant to advocate on behalf of protected persons in foreclosure proceedings.
Ruggles says "Article 46 of the Hague Convention IV provides that 'Private property cannot be confiscated," and article 47 of the Geneva Convention IV provides, "Pillage is formally forbidden."
Ruggles referred to the United Nations Human Rights Independent Expert, Dr. Alfred deZaya's memorandum that had been sent to Hawaii State Judges in February of this year that stated, "The State of Hawaii courts should not lend themselves to a flagrant violation of the rights of the land title holders and in consequence of pertinent international norms. Therefore, the courts of the State of Hawaii must not enable or collude in the wrongful taking of private lands, bearing in mind that the right to property is recognized not only in U.S. law but also in Article 17 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights…"
Ruggles wrote that "The 'wrongful taking of private lands' by lenders, through the circuit courts of the State of Hawai'i under foreclosure proceedings, appears to be the war crime of pillaging and that the courts appear to be complicit in a war crime by enabling and colluding 'in the wrongful taking of private lands.'
Before lenders loan money they require the borrower to mortgage their real estate as collateral to secure the repayment of the loan. In order for the lender to accept the mortgaged property as collateral, the lender requires the borrower to also purchase a loan title insurance policy for the protection of the lender. The title insurance covers the full debt owed under the promissory note.
"As an agent for the United States I am bound 'to ensure respect for the Convention in all circumstances,' and, therefore, call upon you to cease and desist 'in the wrongful taking of private lands' from protected persons that are under foreclosure," Ruggles wrote, "the lender is protected under the loan title insurance policy that was purchased by the borrower as a condition of the loan. As such, there is no reason to have any foreclosure proceedings in the first place…"
Ruggles finished the letter by stating, "This letter serves as knowledge and 'awareness of the factual circumstances that established the existence of an armed conflict' between the Hawaiian Kingdom and the United States, the application of the HCIV and GCIV, and the protection afforded to protected persons."
Ruggles sent the letters via certified mail and that she's verified every judge across the islands received her letter on the Big Island and Oahu on September 25th, Kauai on September 26th, and Maui on September 27th.
Council member Ruggles will be holding a town hall on October 15th at 6pm at the Kea'au Community Center to discuss this letter, among others that she is working on.
Big Island Video News (BIVN): Ruggles Supporters Target Recent Councilmember Comments
Posted on October 4, 2018 by Hawaiian Kingdom
HILO, Hawaiʻi – More testimony relating to the Hawaiian Kingdom and absent councilmember Jen Ruggles was delivered Wednesday at the Hawaiʻi County Council
(BIVN)– The Hawaiʻi County Council again heard testimony from "protected persons" in support of absent Puna councilmember Jen Ruggles on Wednesday.
Hawaiian Kingdom subjects and advocates, as they have in the past, told the council to "cease and desist from legislating" until the county's Corporation Counsel can assure the governing body that they are not incurring criminal liability under U.S. and international law. Ruggles' council seat has sat empty during meetings as she awaits an opinion from Corp Counsel.
On September 24, Ruggles held a community meeting in Keaʻau to explain her ongoing absence from council, and to show her constituents how she came to understand the Hawaiian Kingdom still exists as a state in continuity that is under a "strange form of occupation" by the United States.
During the Keaʻau meeting, and in a subsequent media release, Ruggles announced she was putting Queen's Health Systems on notice, saying that changes to the hospital's charter since 1909 "appear to violate article 47 and 50 of the Geneva Convention IV." Ruggles said she called upon the Chief Executive Office of the Queen's Health System, Mr. Art Ushijima, and the "Board of Trustees to comply with the 1859 Charter and to admit aboriginal Hawaiians, as that term was understood under Kingdom law, for medical care free of charge. Failure to do so [would] appear to constitute war crimes under Article 47 and 50 of the [Geneva Convention, IV]."
Ruggles said, "as an agent of the the United States as defined under the Hague Convention and whistleblower, it is my duty to hold individuals and other officials of the State of Hawai'i and the United States government accountable for apparent violations of the Hague and Geneva Conventions and the rights of civilians within the occupied territory under the title of protected persons."
Ruggles' fellow Hawaiʻi County Councilmembers weighed-in on the situation in recent news articles. A "perplexed" Hilo councilman Aaron Chung told the Hawaiʻi Tribune-Herald he found it very confusing that Ruggle's "would use her title in the County Council to advance a particular position."
The West Hawaiʻi Today reported on October 2 that Council Chair Valerie Poindexter said she was "not going to fund the office if she's not going to do any more legislative work," and has refused Ruggles' request to hire a council aide to fill the position recently vacated by one of Ruggles' two staffers.
Testifiers took aim at Poindexter on Wednesday. Kale Gumapac told the chair to "please be aware that by impeding Councilwoman Ruggles in anyway only provides more evidence for 'War Crime' charges against you with no statute of limitation."
Posted in National, Treaties, War Crimes	| 9 Replies
Council Member Jenn Ruggles Puts Queen's Hospital on Notice for Committing War Crimes Against Native Hawaiians
Posted on September 27, 2018 by Hawaiian Kingdom
Council member Jen Ruggles released a letter she sent last week notifying Queen's Health Systems of the illegal and prolonged occupation of Hawai'i and how it appears it may be violating the rights of protected persons in Hawai'i. She stated that she, as an agent for the United States, which is an occupying Power, and one who took an oath to support the constitution of the United States, is bound to uphold the 1907 Hague Convention, IV, and the 1949 Geneva Convention, IV, and ensure respect for the conventions in all circumstances.
In her letter Council member Ruggles referenced a February 25, 2018 communication from United Nations Independent Expert, Dr. Alfred M. deZayas, to the State of Hawai'i judges in which he stated:
"I have come to understand that the lawful political status of the Hawaiian Islands is that of a sovereign nation-state in continuity; but a nation-state that is under a strange form of occupation by the United States resulting from an illegal military occupation and a fraudulent annexation. As such, international laws (the Hague and Geneva Conventions) require that governance and legal matters within the occupied territory of the Hawaiian Islands must be administered by the application of the laws of the occupied state (in this case, the Hawaiian Kingdom), not the domestic laws of the occupier (the United States)."
The U.S. Senate ratified the Hague and Geneva Conventions making both of these treaties part of federal law under Article VI of the federal constitution and which must be faithfully carried out in territory that the United States is occupying. As a whistle blower, Council member Ruggles sees it as her duty to hold individuals and other officials of the State of Hawai'i and the United States government accountable for violations of the provisions of the Hague and Geneva Conventions and the rights of civilians within the occupied territory under the title of protected persons.
Council member Ruggles came to learn that the Queen's Hospital was formed as a corporation on June 20, 1859. Article One of the Hospital's Charter provides for the establishment of a permanent hospital for the "treatment of indigent sick and disabled Hawaiians, as well as such foreigners and others who may choose to avail themselves of the same." It was understood, at the time, that the term 'Hawaiians' meant aboriginal Hawaiians, both pure and part. Under the Charter, the Hawaiian Monarch served as President of a Board of Trustees comprised of ten persons to be appointed by the government and ten persons to be elected by corporation shareholders.
The government appropriated funding for the maintenance of the hospital.
In 1900, George W. Smith, a Trustee of Queen's Hospital, stated in an article published by the Pacific Commercial Advertiser that "Queen's Hospital is, from the nature of its charter, a quasi-private institution. When it was chartered it was provided that all Hawaiians of native birth, should be treated free of charge. Foreigners were to be treated by payment of fees."
No other country or government in the world at the time is known by her to have had such a system of government subsidized health care for a majority of its national population which was free of charge. The Soviet government followed this practice in 1920, but that was due to the political theory of communism. After the Second World War, in 1948, the British government followed suit, which, like the Hawaiian Kingdom, was not a communist State. The Nordic countries followed with Sweden in 1955, Iceland in 1956, Norway in 1956, Denmark in 1961, and Finland in 1964. The United States has never subsidized health care free of charge.
After pressure to sever the Hawaiian government's interest in Queen's Hospital and to no longer admit native Hawaiians free of charge, the Board of Trustees, with the approval of Territorial Governor, Walter F. Frear, amended the Charter. In 1909, the phrase in the original 1859 Charter "for the treatment of indigent sick and disabled Hawaiians" was replaced with "for the treatment of sick and disabled persons." The change was made secretively. The only news coverage it received at the time was in one newspaper, the Evening Bulletin, which made no mention of the change of servicing aboriginal Hawaiians free of charge. Under the title of "IS APPROVED TRUSTEES REDUCED," the Bulletin wrote,
"By the new amendment to their character, the application for which was approved by Governor Frear this morning, the number of trustees of Queen's Hospital will be reduced from twenty to seven members. The responsibility of the government trusteeship will also cease with the new articles of incorporation."
By 1939, Victor Stewart Kaleoaloha Houston, a former Congressional delegate for the Territory of Hawai'i, "was presenting lectures at various Hawaiian Civic Clubs castigating Queen's Hospital for ignoring Native Hawaiians' medical needs and reneging on the promises of the original charter. In newspapers the main themes of Houston's one man challenge to Queen's practices was set out for the public by these questions: What ever happened to free medical care for Hawaiians and what is Queen's doing with the Queen Emma Trust monies?"
Gradually aboriginal Hawaiians were denied health care unless they paid, and as time went on, this provision of the Queen's Hospital charter was nearly forgotten. In 1967, the name of Queen's Hospital was changed to the Queen's Medical Center. In 1985, the Queen's Health Systems with a Board of Trustees was established as the parent company of Queen's Medical Center along with Molokai General Hospital, North Hawai'i Community Hospital, Queen Emma Land Company, Queen's Development Corporation, and Queen's Insurance Exchange. Under Queen's Health Systems there are four hospitals—The Queen's Medical Center, The Queen's Medical Center – West O'ahu, Molokai General Hospital, and North Hawai'i Community Hospital—and seven health care centers in Hawai'i Kai, Hilo, two in Honolulu, Kapolei, Kaua'i and Kona. I will refer to the corporation by its original name, the Queen's Hospital.
Hawaiian subjects of aboriginal blood, both pure and part, are protected persons whose rights during the U.S. occupation are protected under the Geneva Convention. Council member Ruggles sees that it is also her duty as a whistle blower and agent for the United States to ensure that their rights are respected and enforced. According to the Office of Hawaiian Affairs, "Today, Native Hawaiians are perhaps the single racial group with the highest health risk in the State of Hawai'i. This risk stems from high economic and cultural stress, lifestyle and risk behaviors, and late or lack of access to health care." The 'lack of access to health care' is what troubles Council member Ruggles knowing that the Queen's Hospital was specifically established, under Hawaiian Kingdom law, to provide for their health care, free of charge.
According to the International Committee of the Red Cross Commentaries, Article 47 of the Geneva Convention means that "changes made in the internal organization of the State must not lead to protected persons being deprived of the rights and safeguards provided them. Consequently it must be possible for the Convention to be applied to them in its entirety, even if the Occupying Power has introduced changes in the institutions or government of the occupied territory." Furthermore, under the provisions of Article 50 of the GCIV regarding preferential measures for children's medical care, in this case with the Queen's Hospital, the occupying State "who occupied the whole or part of a territory where such measures are in force, cannot on any pretext abrogate them or place obstacles in the way of their application. This rule applies not only to preferential measures prescribed in the Convention but to any other measures of the same nature taken by the occupied State."
Council member Ruggles stated that the changes to the charter since 1909 violate the Hague and Geneva Conventions. In light of these violations, she called upon the Chief Executive Office of the Queen's Health System, Mr. Art Ushijima, and the "Board of Trustees to comply with the 1859 Charter and to admit aboriginal Hawaiians, as that term was understood under Kingdom law, for medical care free of charge. Failure to do so [would] appear to constitute to constitute war crimes under Article 47 and 50 of the [Geneva Convention, IV]."
Council member Ruggles alerted Mr. Ushijima to the fact that there "seems to be a direct nexus of deaths of aboriginal Hawaiians as 'the single racial group with the highest health risk in the State of Hawai'i [that] stems from…late or lack of access to health care' to the crime of genocide as defined by the 1948 Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide. The Genocide Convention was also ratified by the United States Senate, and, like the Hague and Geneva Conventions, are a part of United States federal law.
Posted in International Law, Treaties, War Crimes	| 22 Replies
Big Island Video News (BIVN): Jen Ruggles Holds Community Meeting On War Crimes
KEA'AU, Hawaiʻi – Hawaii County Councilmember Jen Ruggles explained her decision to stop legislating in a packed town hall on Monday night.
(BIVN)– A community meeting organized by Puna councilwoman Jen Ruggles to explain her ongoing absence from council drew a standing room-only crowd to the Keaʻau Community Center on Monday night.
Ruggles declared on August 21 "that she had come to understand that she may be in violation of her oath of office to uphold the U.S. Constitution and may be incurring criminal liability under both U.S. federal law and international law," a media release stated. "Through her attorney, Stephen Laudig, she formally requested the County Office of Corporation Counsel provide her a proper legal opinion."
Laudig was present at the meeting, as was Dr. David Keanu Sai, a scholar and expert in international law. Sai has also served as the lead agent for the Hawaiian Kingdom in international arbitration proceedings before the Permanent Court of Arbitration at the Hague, Netherlands.
Using a power point presentation projected onto the community center wall, Ruggles walked constituents through her understanding of the Hawaiian Kingdom as a state in continuity that is under a "strange form of occupation" by the United States. Ruggles shared letters she received that prompted her to make her decision, and took questions from the audience.
In an earlier media release, Ruggles said she intended "to educate her constituents on their rights as protected persons under U.S. and international law, and share what work she has started to continue to represent and advocate on behalf of her district."
Posted in National, Treaties, War Crimes	| 18 Replies
Queen's Hospital First Hawaiian Health Institution to Fall Victim to the Unlawful Occupation
Posted on September 9, 2018 by Hawaiian Kingdom
The article below was printed on page 14 of The Pacific Commercial Advertiser on July 31, 1901 in Honolulu. It is a window into a time of colliding legal systems and the Queen's Hospital would soon become the first Hawaiian health institution to fall victim to the unlawful imposition of American laws. Queen's Hospital was established as the national hospital for the Hawaiian Kingdom and that health care services for Hawaiian subjects of aboriginal blood was at no charge. The Hawaiian head of state would serve as the ex officio President of the Board together with twenty trustees, ten of whom were from the Hawaiian government.
Since the hospital's establishment in 1859 the legislature of the Hawaiian Kingdom subsidized the hospital along with monies from the Queen Emma Trust. With the unlawful imposition of the 1900 Organic Act that formed the Territory of Hawai'i, American law did not allow public monies to be used for the benefit of a particular race. 1909 was the last year Queen's Hospital received public funding and it was also the same year that the charter was unlawfully amended to replace the Hawaiian head of state with an elected president from the private sector and reduced the number of trustees from twenty to seven, which did not include government officers.
These changes to a Hawaiian quasi-public institution is a direct violation of the laws of occupation, whereby the United States was and continues to be obligated to administer the laws of the occupied State—the Hawaiian Kingdom. This requirement comes under Article 43 of the 1907 Hague Convention, IV, and Article 64 of the 1949 Geneva Convention, IV.
Article 55 of the Hague Convention provides, "The occupying State shall be regarded only as administrator and usufructuary of public buildings, real estate, forests, and agricultural estates belonging to the [occupied] State, and situated in the occupied country. It must safeguard the capital of these properties, and administer them in accordance with the rules of usufruct." The term "usufruct" is to administer the property or institution of another without impairing or damaging it.
Despite these unlawful changes, aboriginal Hawaiian subjects, whether pure or part, are to receive health care at Queen's Hospital free of charge. This did not change, but through denationalization there was an attempt to erase. Aboriginal Hawaiian subjects are protected persons as defined under international law, and as such, the prevention of health care by Queen's Hospital constitutes war crimes.
MAY LOSE ITS MONEY
Queen's Hospital Appropriation Peculiar.
PROVISION AS TO TREATMENT
Collision Between the Charter and the Bill Making the Grant for Period.
The Board of Health has a very delicate question to consider at its meeting this afternoon—one which places the Queen's Hospital in a very queer situation.
The Legislature at its last session made an appropriation for the Queen's Hospital of $40,000, to be used in the next biennial period. This was in line with the previous policy of the Government in making appropriation for the hospital, similar appropriations being made at the same time to other like institutions. There was, however, one very peculiar incident in connection with the appropriation made for the Queen's Hospital. In the past the sum of $20,000 had always been given to the hospital for the biennial period, and Governor Dole recommended that the Legislature make the usual appropriation. Instead that body appropriated just double the amount asked, or $40,000.
Attached to the bill, however, was a rider providing that no distinction should be made as to race in the care of patients at the hospital. The appropriation was also placed in the hands of the Board of Health for proper payment and the Board now finds itself in a rather peculiar predicament.
The Queen's Hospital was founded in 1859 by their Majesties Kamehameha IV and his consort Emma Kaleleonalani. The hospital is organized as a corporation and by the terms of its charter the board of trustees is composed ten members elected by the society and ten members nominated by the Government, of which the President of the Republic (now Governor of the Territory) shall be the presiding officer. The charter also provides for the "establishing and putting in operation a permanent hospital in Honolulu, with a dispensary and all necessary furniture and appurtenances for the reception, accommodation and treatment of indigent sick and disabled Hawaiians, as well as such foreigners and other who may choose to avail themselves of the same."
Under this construction all native Hawaiians have been cared for without charge, while for others a charge has been made of from $1 to $3 per day. The bill making the appropriation for the hospital by the Government provides that no distinction shall be made as to race; and the Queen's Hospital trustees are evidently up against a serious proposition.
Under the provisions of the Organic Act the Legislature has no power to give a subsidy to any institution and, under the construction likely to be placed by the Board of Health of the intentions of the Legislature, the Queen's Hospital must be placed under the control of the Government before it may receive the appropriation of $40,000.
"I can see no way out of the difficulty at present," said Secretary [George W.] Smith of the board of trustees for the Queen's Hospital when his attention was called to the matter yesterday afternoon. "The hospital has been receiving regular stipulated amounts from the Government, generally $20,000 for each biennial period. This year when the Governor asked for a statement of the condition of the hospital's finances it was handed to him, and he recommended that the Legislature make the usual allowance. I do not know they gave us $40,000 instead of the usual amount. There was a rider placed on the bill, however, to the effect that no distinction should be made as to race. The appropriation was also placed in the hands of the Board of Health. Formerly it was the custom for this money to be placed into the hands of the Minister of Finance and by him paid over quarterly directly to our treasurer. Why the change was made at this time I do not understand."
"I do not see myself how the hospital could be placed in the hands of the Government, even if we wished to do so. The Government now has ten members upon the Board and also the presiding officer. Under our charter we are compelled to treat native Hawaiians free of charge, and I do not see how it can be changed. Then again we have in our hands $36,000 in trust funds which cannot very well be given over to the Government except in violation of the terms of the trust. Taken all around it is a very delicate question, and it is to be hoped that it may be settled without the loss of appropriation to the hospital. The hospital now treats free all soldiers and sailors and also the members of the police force."
The matter will be discussed at this afternoon's meeting of the Board of Health, though it is hardly likely that the matter can be definitely settled at this time. A joint meeting of the Board of Health and the trustees of the Queen's Hospital will probably be held, at which the matter will be talked over before final action is taken.
Big Island Video News (BIVN): Hawaiian Kingdom Supporters Tell Council "Cease & Desist"
HILO, Hawaii – There was a wave of support on Wednesday for Puna councilwoman Jen Ruggles and her decision to refrain from legislating until county lawyers can provide a proper legal opinion.
(BIVN)– In lengthy public testimony before the Hawaii County Council meeting got underway in Hilo on Wednesday, Hawaiian Kingdom supporters spoke out in support of absent councilwoman Jen Ruggles, and demanded the council "cease and desist" legislative activity.
Ruggles' seat was empty as the councilmember from Puna announced she would "refrain from legislating" until the county's corporation counsel can provide a "proper legal opinion" that will assure her that she "is not incurring criminal liability under international humanitarian law and U.S. law."
Ruggles' recent decision was not on the Wednesday's council agenda for discussion, so testifiers seeking to support Ruggles' position spoke on other matters, such as Bill 160 – a measure that amends the County Code of Ethics by requiring that officials "provide accurate and factual information to the public" to the best of their knowledge.
Public testifiers – both Hawaiian Kingdom subjects as well as American citizens – identified themselves as protected persons as defined under Article 4 of the 1949 Fourth Geneva Convention. Many read from similarly worded written testimony.
"I too have come to learn that the Hawaiian Kingdom continues to exist as an independent and sovereign State that has been under an illegal and prolonged occupation by the United States since January 17, 1893," stated Kale Gumapac, who testified in Hilo. "I am also aware that the United Nations Independent Expert Dr. Alfred deZayas sent a memorandum to members of the State of Hawai'i judiciary which stated 'international laws (the Hague and Geneva Conventions) require that governance and legal matters within the occupied territory of the Hawaiian Islands must be administered by the application of the laws of the occupied state (in this case, the Hawaiian Kingdom), not the domestic laws of the occupier (the United States).' And according to Amnesty International, war crimes are crimes that violate the laws or customs of war defined by the Hague and Geneva Conventions."
"Article 43 of the Hague Regulations and Article 64 of the Fourth Geneva Convention obligates the United States to administer Hawaiian Kingdom law, not United States law," Gumapac continued. "This deliberate in failure by the United States to administer Hawaiian kingdom law has led to grave breaches under Article 147 of the Fourth Geneva Convention and international humanitarian law. which constitutes war crimes committed against me as a protected person."
Gumapac finished with a statement that was often repeated by others speakers on Wednesday. "This body illegally enacts United States laws in violation of the Hague and Geneva Conventions and as a victim of war crimes that stem from this unlawful legislation, I demand that this body immediately cease and desist," Gumapac said.
Multiple testifiers spoke for roughly two hours before the Hawaii County Council closed public comment and went ahead with the scheduled agenda.
National Lawyers Guild Supports Council of Regency's Strategic Plan
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Podcast: La Ku'oko'a (Hawaiian Independence Day) by Dr. Keanu Sai
Cecilia Kupau on National Lawyers Guild Supports Council of Regency's Strategic Plan
Isaac Paka Harp on National Lawyers Guild Supports Council of Regency's Strategic Plan
firekaialii on State of Hawai'i Judge Rules Hawaiian Kingdom Still Exists
kekoa on U.S. Pacific Command Admits to Police Officer "No Treaty of Annexation"


MSNUK Twilight's MyAnna Buring has said watching co-stars Robert Pattinson and Kristen Stewart deal with the spotlight has made her realise fame isn't always what it's cracked up to be.
How do you feel about the fan aspect of Twilight?
Xavier Samuel: I feel alright about it.
Would you ever want the level of fame and adoration it's brought Robert Pattinson?
XS: I think that kind of adoration is a grotesque thing to yearn for, because it's not about you. It's about something else entirely. I'm trying to think of an example of where that adoration is genuine. I have no idea where it comes from. I feel a little bit removed from it actually. Obviously I'm not under the microscope like those other guys are.


This is the audience review forum for the 2013 Victoria Fringe Theatre Festival, dedicated to the memory of Fringe Fan, poet, biker, and Victoria theatre critic, Craig Piprell.
Craig was passionate about the Fringe and it is in the spirit of his his frank, warm and insightful reviews that we open this forum to you, the fringe audience, to share your opinions. Oh, and he was opinionated. Very. But when your show got tough love from Craig, he was usually right on the money, and you learned from it.
You, the fringe audience, are responsible for creating the content here – so if you want to see more reviews, write some yourself and encourage others to share their opinions.
Fringe artists, invite the audience to talk about your show here, or on the Fringe app for iphone – two places to find feedback about shows.
You are entitled to your opinion of the show you saw (or performed in), but please don't review the reviews of others.
To read reviews, pick a show title from the alphabetical tab list at the top of the page. To write reviews, post your comment on that show's page – you can share that show's review page via twitter, facebook and the like! If you add your comment below, it will not appear listed with the other reviews of the show.
We welcome all opinions and do not moderate reviews.
Virgin Mary Had a Little Lamb. Great performance by a talented comedienne. Her use of the film behind her to allow her to interact with other characters was really effective and gave variety. It was irreverent to the figures in the Roman Catholic mythology, but never crass or rude. Very funny. 5 stars.
I dropped in to suss some reviews to tease my tastes before bumbling uninformed into fringapaloozic contortions, and then I noticed jeanette's posting times, and my eyes widened to brighter wonder: Who is THIS person who composes with such delighted dedication to what approaches the beautiful at such an hour? Flutter flutter! Catalyst to the near imperceptible shift in stature, impetus to the subtle choreography that is the implication of the body, and below it the chair to creak, and more…Things Are Happening!
– but in the double-take that the more reasoning portions press upon oneself when spark may burst to flame – I noticed the date: Eeeek she is a time traveler! As my fingers touch these keys just now it is still a full 8 hours till she will have pressed hers!
2 for Tea is a tender, hilarious, inventive, show about 2 clown characters who are masterful at enrolling audience members in their "play" at tea time.
Go see Richard Hanna as seditious Irish poet/musician Thomas Moore, who infiltrated the Regency haute monde and made a fool of the foolish Prince of Wales. Melody Moore is a treat.
Dancing WITH FISH is a delightful all ages friendly show about friendship. I took my 8 y o grandson and we were both delighted.
Amazingly funny, well acted, and a participatory show for children and adults.
Sends a great message about competition and friendship.


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You are here to make an impact.
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What if you are playing the game with an incomplete set of rules?
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Join me in my 5 day experience -Manifest your dream client and I will share with you step by step how to actually attract your dream clients in a way that feels good with ease and flow and fun.
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This Single Family Detached property is located at 17112 Northway Circle, Boca Raton. Priced at $895,000, this home was built in and includes bedrooms and 0 bathrooms, measuring a total of 0 square feet. This property is in the No style and features a lovely Lake view.


Did Meghan Markle Really Cause Kate Middleton to Break Down in Tears?
Also on this week's episode of In the Limelight, Meghan's former assistant revealed, and the Sussexes move to Windsor.
There have been a flood of royal-related stories out of the Palace lately, but the one that perhaps got the most traction of all was related to—you guessed it—the dynamic between Kate Middleton and Meghan Markle. The Daily Telegraph reported that Kate was found "in tears" before Meghan and Prince Harry's wedding this May, while Princess Charlotte was being fitted for her dress. No other details were provided, leading to much speculation and commentary about what it all might mean.
Naturally, on this week's episode of In the Limelight, Vanity Fair's pop-culture podcast, co-hosts Josh Duboff and Julie Miller have a whole lot to say about the Telegraph's report. Additionally, the pair discusses the reveal of Meghan's former assistant, Melissa—who left the job after just six months. This week, the Daily Mail tracked down the first photo of Melissa, as well as revealing her former job (as Robbie Williams's assistant) and last name. Additionally, Josh made an intriguing discovery related to Melissa's past, which would seemingly have made her a great fit for her now-former boss, the Duchess of Sussex.
Also on this week's episode: analysis of the news that Meghan and Harry are going to be moving to Frogmore Cottage, located in Windsor, about 25 miles from William and Kate (a decision which has led to rampant rumors of a rift between the two couples).
So make yourself a vegan breakfast smoothie, make sure no eavesdroppers are watching through an open door if you're going to have a tearful breakdown, and listen to this week's episode of In the Limelight ("Melissa Unmasked"). Afterward, please share your thoughts, questions, and feedback with In the Limelight on Twitter and Instagram, and subscribe to In the Limelight on Apple Podcasts. Listeners can also call in to the In the Limelight hotline at (347) 790-0966 to leave tips or ask questions!


MARK LEAHY is a writer, artist and teacher operating among textual practices, performance, and live art. Live work includes 'his voice' (commissioned by Counter Plymouth Art Book Fair, Oct 2015), 'flat-head self-tapping' at Barbican, Plymouth (Jan 2015) and Chelsea School of Art (May 2015) and 'answering machine' for Experimentica14 at Chapter Cardiff (Nov 2014). Other works have been presented in Bristol, Plymouth, London and Liverpool. He has been commissioned to write texts to accompany work by artists including Nathan Walker, Katy Connor, Steven Paige, and Low Profile. His critical publications include essays in C21 Literature, Open Letter, Performance Research Journal and The Journal of Writing in Creative Practice. He was MA Programme Leader at Dartington College of Arts (2007-2010) and teaches part-time at Falmouth University and Plymouth University.


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Volume 53, Issue 1: Summer 2019
Compassion as social policy
Review by Therese Jennissen Reviews August 8, 2019
Compassion: A Global History of Social Policy
Alvin Finkel
Red Globe Press, 2019
Compassion: A Global History of Social Policy is the latest and most ambitious work of Canadian historian Alvin Finkel. It is an impressive book filled with rich detail and grounded in solid research. It is comprehensive and extremely well-organized and well-written.
In 306 pages Finkel appears to have accomplished the impossible. He chronicles how human beings have treated each other and particularly the most vulnerable members of society over the course of human history, from 200,000 BCE to the present day, and from around the world. He examines a multitude of factors that have contributed to the creation of compassion, or lack thereof. Finkel uses the term "social policy" as the main indicator of compassion. He argues that the histories of compassion and social policy cannot be separated from "histories of competition among social classes over the distribution of wealth and competition within elites over who has the right to provide social aid and in what form."
The book consists of 13 chapters organized into three sections and a conclusion. It begins with the early hunting and gathering societies and moves on to feudalism, advanced agriculture, capitalism and ends with the current era of neoliberalism. An expansive range of regions and nation states are covered: Russia, Italy, Germany, France, Scandinavia, the U.S., Canada, Latin America, Australia, New Zealand, Asia and Africa. Within each of these regions and eras, Finkel provides details of the major social, economic, cultural and political factors that have created particular approaches to social well-being.
Finkel's project is an extraordinary undertaking. In a single manuscript, he has produced a concise history of societal compassion across the globe. This broad sweep through human history provides an important context for understanding our contemporary social climate. Such a global perspective assists us to comprehend the similarities and divergences in social policy in the world and what combination of factors gave rise to them.
Unlike many English language books on social policy, the monograph includes not only the western developed world but also Africa and Asia and developing nations, from Communist and former Communist regions. While Finkel does not explicitly focus on some important details of the subject matter, several significant threads are pulled together throughout – regarding gender, race, class, Indigeneity, slavery, colonialism and culture.
Finkel's study makes a significant contribution to the literature on social history and policy. Its global nature will undoubtedly attract a wide audience both inside and outside of Canada. For researchers interested in comparative or cross-national comparative social policy studies, this book is foundational. Compassion is also an essential resource for those who study history, sociology, political science, social administration, social policy and social work. Moreover, this work will be of interest to anyone who wants to understand more about how and why human beings treat each other the way they do, why we have poverty, why we have wars.
Therese Jennissen is an Associate Professor at Carleton University. She teaches in the areas of social policy and history at the School of Social Work. She has written on women and social policy, social work history and is joint author of One Hundred Years of Social Work: A History of the Profession in English Canada, 1900-2000.
This article appeared in the Summer 2019 issue of Canadian Dimension (CD Goes Digital).
Buy Issue
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'People's history' brought to life with voices from vibrant era
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Seizing the means of (data) production
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Transnationalism and Italian anarchists in Canada, 1915-1940
Scott Price • 01/06/17
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"Warrior Smart," conclusion! Benny and Chong are exiled from the farm–without weapons and surrounded by zombies. Nix and Lilah are prisoners, and if Farmer John gets his way, they'll live their lives in a terrible kind of slavery. How far are four teens willing to go to save those they love? Maberry and Vargas bring the four young samurai to the brink of madness, where every choice is a bad choice and the hungry dead are at the door.


Do Your Habits Bring You Happiness?
Yesterday I was talking to two different coaches and friends at different times of the day. As I reflected upon both of the conversations, I realized the topic of habits or creating rituals came up with both. There is a quote (I don't have the whole quote or the person who wrote it) but it says that we get our greatest pleasures in life from our habits. I've been thinking a lot about whether that is true or not and I've come to the conclusion that it depends on the habit. I get a great deal of pleasure from writing this blog which until recently had become something I did three times a week. When I get into a routine or a habit of exercising I enjoy it but it has to be a routine before that happens. Do I get a lot of pleasure out of watching TV every night after dinner. Not really. It's a habit just something that I do. Which led me to think about my habits. Which ones are giving me pleasure? Which ones are done without thinking, to fill time or a void in my life? Which ones need to go? Which ones need to be strengthened? I've decided that for me habits are good. They provide structure and consistency and yes pleasure to my day and therefore my life. I've decided to become more conscious of the habits that I am forming and am going to become very aware of what is bringing joy into my life and what is just something that I do because I have always done it. Have you ever thought about your habits? Are there any you need to let go of? Which ones bring you happiness? I hope that today you will take a few minutes to think about the importance of the habits in your life.
When you share you dreams and your talent with the world, magic happens. Let the magic begin!
I love new beginnings. It could be the start of a new day, of a new week, or a new year. It could be the end of one class and the beginning of another. There is something exciting and magical about beginning something new. Beginnings are full of possibilities and what ifs. They are full of promise and hope. Beginnings usually bring with them some type of learning and meeting new people. They may bring a little fear but that is ok as long as I don't let that fear stop me from moving ahead. I love the feeling of accomplishment when I finish a project and I always give myself some time to enjoy that feeling but I also love the feeling of anticipation when I start something new. I have almost finished all of the requirements to become a certified Master Creativity Coach. It's been a wonderful process and I am so glad that I took on the challenge. I am celebrating all of the people that I met and the things that I have learned. I am anxious to share what excites me about the program with others but I am also excited to begin learning something new once again.
This week suddenly I knew it was time to start something new. I am not quite sure exactly what it is yet but I am sure it will appear just when I am ready to start. There is definitely something magical about beginnings and I love bringing magic into my life. What about you? Are you most excited about beginning something new or finishing a project? What brings magic into your day and life?


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All timber used in our products meet specific Australian standards and building codes.
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BlueScope's Environmental Product Declarations (EPDs) respond to market demands for credible, product-specific environmental information from building owners, architects, design engineers and sustainability specialists who are at the forefront of developing a better built environment for Australia. Visit http://www.steel.com.au/epd for more information.


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Teijin Institute for Biomedical Research
This "Cinderella" commission presented James Polshek (then thirty-two years old and the architect of buildings no larger than a New York City townhouse) with the opportunity to create a scientific research machine. The building design was the first institutional exemplar of the fundamental principles that would drive all of Polshek's work. In its siting, the design optimizes daylighting and vistas; its formal identity is an expression of the relationship between research and the building's orientation on the site; and its internal organization along a central east-west corridor humanizes the highly mechanized and repetitive laboratory program. The building's concrete superstructure contains interstitial spaces that allowed it to begin its life as a polymer textile research facility and twenty-five years later to be adapted for biomedical research. Ninety individual laboratories are accommodated on the five laboratory floors; interstitial spaces house the sophisticated mechanical equipment required for lab functions. The primary research lounge, library, auditorium and executive offices surround an enclosed garden on the ground floor, and the landscaped roof is reserved for leisure use.
500,000 square feet
James S. Polshek
Purchase the Build, Memory
polshek.org


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Home / World / Protest in Venezuela because they did not bring potholes
Protest in Venezuela because they did not bring potholes
Thousands of people have protested on the Prados del Este highway in Caracas for failing to deliver the boxes of the Local Supply and Production Committee (CLAP) and the pig bone for the to deliver end parties. of the year.
The march spread through other main streets of the capital of Venezuela. The protesters claim the government of Nicolás Maduro to comply with the promises made in the municipal elections by the end of the year.
DECEMBER PROTESTS CONTINUED At Catia Avenida El Cuartel for TeleCuba protests neighbors violating the delivery of the pernil pic.twitter.com/jNX9Gsqc6l
– Sol Rojas (@ sol651) December 29, 2018 [19659005] "Where's the pernil?" It was one of harangues heard in the protests that spread through the popular neighborhoods of Catia, Pinto Salinas, La Vega and La Candelaria. Many have described the position of government as a bottle of cock
. "We have decided to go out in protest against our rights, it is not even for the pernil, it is for the lack of respect for the tramp that we do not reach. of the promises made and not fulfilled is not. " explained one of the protesters.
[ATENCIÓN] Neighbors cross the Prados del Este to boxes CLAP and pernil https://t.co/qsJr1bkgN8 pic.twitter.com/BMlxsjyURX
– El Nacional (@ElNacionalWeb) 30 December 2018 claiming [19659009] At the beginning of December, the Venezuela government announced that 30,000 tons of pig would be delivered to citizens by CLAP . To date, the food has not yet been delivered and in some cases it has been reported that they have expired products.
The protest is known because of social networks. Several users followed the protests and even gathered testimonies from the protesters.
# 30Dic | "Today we fight for a pernil (…) We eat what they want: a box full of lentils. We want to buy what we want. We don't eat, Maduro: we're going hungry. "By: @ IreneMSola pic.twitter.com/YJ3OQ7Au2I
– CaraotaDigital (@ CarotaDigital) December 30, 2018
At the end of November there was another protest in the Major cities of Venezuela for the lack of supply of subsidized markets.
Venezuelans say they cannot prepare for their holidays their typical dishes in these festivals since the price of meat "They are through the clouds."
Walta Media and Communication Corporate SC – Walta Information Center
US Senate agrees with Switzerland
Ebola epidemic in Congo: WHO calls on health cases
Tarre Briceño left the Madurista regime in the OAS in evidence
Married for 71 years only dies hours apart
Declare world health emergency for Ebola – Health – Life


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Daimler Trucks North America Launches Detroit eConsulting, Introduces Detroit eFill Chargers for Battery Electric Trucks
Contact: fred.ligouri@daimler.com
Portland, Ore. – May 3, 2021 – Daimler Trucks North America (DTNA) today announced all-new products and services from Detroit® to support fleets and customers in the deployment of all-electric trucks. Leveraging the expertise from over 20 customer deployments of electric medium- and heavy-duty Freightliner trucks and three years of development work, Detroit eConsulting services provide experienced know-how to fleets and are offered in three varying levels of support. Similarly, the Detroit eFill line of electric commercial vehicle chargers provide an array of charger options for customers and charging station operators.
"Detroit has led the way in reshaping transportation for over 80 years, and with the new eConsulting services and eFill chargers, we are prepared to help support our customers as we embark on the journey into our collective electric future," said Richard Howard, senior vice president, on-highway sales and marketing, DTNA. "With the same level of dedication and expertise our customers depend on today for their conventionally-powered trucks, our knowledgeable Detroit team is prepared to support customers every step of the way on the road to electrification."
Detroit eConsulting
Detroit's eConsulting services are provided by a team of eMobility experts wholly dedicated to supporting customers navigate electric truck conversion. Three service packages are offered, including: Baseline, Powerline, or Megaline. Under the top-tier Megaline package and recommended for large-scale electric truck deployments, customers receive assistance with planning for charging infrastructure, solar panel, and stationary energy storage projects, along with the support of the eConsulting team to interface with local utilities on their behalf. Additional services in the package include a comprehensive cost-benefit and route analysis, and assistance with capital and operating expenditure optimization.
The Powerline package includes similar benefits to those found in the Megaline package, without support for distributed energy resources (e.g. solar, storage) or the interface to local utilities. The Baseline package – free to all purchasers of Freightliner electric trucks – includes best practices and dealership-level consultation. The two higher-tier packages are available to buyers of any electric trucks, and services are not dependent on purchase of a Freightliner truck. Detroit eConsulting solutions and services can be further tailored by customers – in consultation with Detroit – to fit their specific needs.
"Detroit eConsulting is a truly unique offering as we are staffed by experienced experts who have thus far supported more than 20 customers with infrastructure projects and electric truck deployments," said Rakesh Aneja, head of eMobility, DTNA. "There is no team in the industry better-suited to assist both Freightliner customers, as well as other brands' buyers, with navigating the transition to electric trucks."
Detroit eFill
Coinciding with the launch of Detroit eConsulting, the Detroit team introduces Detroit eFill chargers, a full line of commercial vehicle charging stations designed for seamless integration with the Detroit ePowertrain found in Freightliner eCascadia and eM2 trucks. Detroit eFill chargers are extensively tested, warrantied for five years, and versatile enough to charge a wide range of other brands' electric commercial vehicles. Detroit eFill stations were developed in partnership with Power Electronics, the leading North American supplier of converters for utility scale solar and global leader in advanced energy storage systems, and installers of more than 45 gigawatts of power capacity in 2020.
All Detroit eFill chargers available at launch are DC fast chargers carrying the CCS-1 standard, the most common type of electric vehicle charger. Detroit eFill chargers are available with power ratings from 30 kW to as much as 400 kW, providing a scalable solution to enable everyone – from fleets with one or two trucks to truck stop operators running complete charger islands and multiple power cabinets – to benefit from the same quality and reliability with which the Detroit name is synonymous.
Added Aneja, "The Detroit eFill line of chargers provide our valued customers a reliable, durable option for their dealerships, their operations centers, or truck stops, and are designed for long-term usability to enable us all to move forward into the electric future starting now."
About Detroit
Detroit® is a single-source trucking business solution that offers mid-range and heavy-duty diesel engines, ePowertrains, eMobility technology and services, transmissions, axles, safety systems and connected vehicle services for on-highway and vocational commercial markets. Detroit products are sold and serviced through a network of hundreds of locations in North America. For more information, or to find the nearest Detroit location, visit DemandDetroit.com. Detroit is a brand of Detroit Diesel Corporation, a subsidiary of Daimler Trucks North America.
About Freightliner Trucks
Freightliner Trucks is a division of Daimler Trucks North America LLC, headquartered in Portland, Oregon, and is the leading heavy-duty truck manufacturer in North America. Daimler Trucks North America produces and markets Class 5–8 trucks and is a Daimler company, the world's leading commercial vehicle manufacturer. More information is available at www.Freightliner.com.
About Daimler Trucks North America
Daimler Trucks North America LLC, headquartered in Portland, Ore., is the leading heavy-duty truck manufacturer in North America. It manufactures, sells, and services commercial vehicles under the Freightliner, Western Star, Detroit, and Thomas Built Buses nameplates. Daimler Trucks North America is a Daimler company.
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December | 2014 | Book of Mormon Notes-- How deep can you dig?
Alma 32:17 Yea, there are many who do say: If thou wilt show unto us a sign from heaven, then we shall know of a surety; then we shall believe.
22 And now, behold, I say unto you, and I would that ye should remember, that God is merciful unto all who believe on his name; therefore he desireth, in the first place, that ye should believe, yea, even on his word.
23 And now, he imparteth his word by angels unto men, yea, not only men but women also. Now this is not all; little children do have words given unto them many times, which confound the wise and the learned.
27 But behold, if ye will awake and arouse your faculties, even to an experiment upon my words, and exercise a particle of faith, yea, even if ye can no more than desire to believe, let this desire work in you, even until ye believe in a manner that ye can give place for a portion of my words.
28 Now, we will compare the word unto a seed. Now, if ye give place, that a seed may be planted in your heart, behold, if it be a true seed, or a good seed, if ye do not cast it out by your unbelief, that ye will resist the Spirit of the Lord, behold, it will begin to swell within your breasts; and when you feel these swelling motions, ye will begin to say within yourselves—It must needs be that this is a good seed, or that the word is good, for it beginneth to enlarge my soul; yea, it beginneth to enlighten my understanding, yea, it beginneth to be delicious to me.
31 And now, behold, are ye sure that this is a good seed? I say unto you, Yea; for every seed bringeth forth unto its own likeness.
34 And now, behold, is your knowledge perfect? Yea, your knowledge is perfect in that thing, and your faith is dormant; and this because you know, for ye know that the word hath swelled your souls, and ye also know that it hath sprouted up, that your understanding doth begin to be enlightened, and your mind doth begin to expand.
35 O then, is not this real? I say unto you, Yea, because it is light; and whatsoever is light, is good, because it is discernible, therefore ye must know that it is good; and now behold, after ye have tasted this light is your knowledge perfect?
38 But if ye neglect the tree, and take no thought for its nourishment, behold it will not get any root; and when the heat of the sun cometh and scorcheth it, because it hath no root it withers away, and ye pluck it up and cast it out.
39 Now, this is not because the seed was not good, neither is it because the fruit thereof would not be desirable; but it is because your ground is barren, and ye will not nourish the tree, therefore ye cannot have the fruit thereof.
43 Then, my brethren, ye shall reap the rewards of your faith, and your diligence, and patience, and long-suffering, waiting for the tree to bring forth fruit unto you.
In other words, one cannot fail in receiving a sign from God that something is true if one goes through the process, in faith. If one fails to receive a sign, one lacked in faith or failed to carry out the process correctly.


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Q: Matplotlib Graphing I need to graph two sets of 100 dots each.
The first set of dots goes along the Y axis, and the next set of dots is a bit further away from the first set of dots.
My code is as follows:
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
data= numpy.array(network)      #network is a list of values
datatwo= numpy.array(list)      #list is another list
cmap= numpy.array([(1,0,0),(0,1,0)])
uniqdata, idx=numpy.unique(data, return_inverse=True)
uniqdata, idx=numpy.unique(datatwo, return_inverse=True)

N=len(data)
M=len(datatwo)
fig, ax=plt.subplots()
plt.scatter(numpy.zeros(N), numpy.arange(1,N+1), s=50, c=cmap[idx])
plt.scatter(numpy.ones(M), numpy.arange(1,M+1), s=50, c=cmap[idx])
plt.grid()
plt.show()

My problem is that the two lists, network and list, have different values, but the interpreter graphs the same set of dots two times. I need to have two different sets of dots, one for network and list, respectively.
what is wrong with the code?
Thanks

A: Here is a working piece of code that will plot on the unique values contained in 2 lists, with the first set located along the Y-axis and the second at Y=1 using different colors for each respective list.  I'm guessing that because you are using np.unique the two lists contain repeated values that you don't want to plot more than once.
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
####################################################################################

network = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,8,8,9,10] # Some lists of values
ilist = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,9,9,10]  # Some other list of values

data= np.array(network)      #network is a list of values
datatwo= np.array(ilist)      #list is another list

# Some list of color maps to color each list with
cmap= np.array([(1,0,0),(0,1,0)])

# Get the unique values from each array
uniqdata1, idx1=np.unique(data, return_inverse=True)
uniqdata2, idx2=np.unique(datatwo, return_inverse=True)

# Find the length of each unique value array
N=len(uniqdata1)
M=len(uniqdata2)

# Plot the data
fig, ax=plt.subplots()
plt.scatter(np.zeros(N), uniqdata1, s=50, c=cmap[0])
plt.scatter(np.ones(M), uniqdata2, s=50, c=cmap[1])
plt.grid()
plt.show()

Hope this helps

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Ssome users find Facebook not to be up to the mark for themselves. A social networking site that provides so much that users find it difficult to handle after a while. Facebook applications are unnecessary to a good proportion of users. Overt details about people also seem to be an irritant for some users. Notifications are also sometimes meaningless to most, but the whole idea of Facebook is 'leisure' unlike LinkedIn and MySpace.


Anxiety – What is it?
Anxiety is something we all experience from time to time. Anxiety is a biological trait we all possess which is triggered in situations of danger and it is nature's way of preparing us for fight or flight when we are feeling threatened or afraid.
Symptoms of anxiety include sweaty palms, increased heart rate, stomach butterflies, and a sudden burst of energy, which can be drawn upon to help us act in dangerous situations.
Anxiety can also perform a positive role when we are faced with challenging circumstances in life. For example, it can motivate us to get the job done when we are facing a deadline such as an exam or giving an important presentation or performance.
The time when anxiety becomes a problem is when we start to feel anxious about things which pose no actual threat to us and this is when we experience what is known as an anxiety disorder.
Anxiety is a debilitating disorder that can severely impact our everyday lives. Rather than feeling anxious in response to actual danger, we experience anxiety in normal everyday situations which we have come to perceive as threatening in some way.
Generalised anxiety disorder (GAD) – this is characterised by excessive worrying about anything and everything beyond our control.
Social anxiety disorder – feeling anxious in everyday social situations, where we fear being criticised, embarrassed or humiliated.
Panic disorder – regularly experiencing panic attacks and feeling intensely anxious about having more attacks in the future.
Agoraphobia – anxiety about having a panic attack in an unsafe environment where we cannot escape or get help.
Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) – performing repetitive actions such as hand washing or checking locks due to anxiety about the consequences of not doing so.
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) – extreme anxiety experienced after a severely stressful event.
Phobias – various forms of anxiety triggered by different things (i.e. fear of cats, fear of heights, fear of crowds etc).
While the symptoms of normal anxiety often include sweaty palms, accelerated breathing and increased heart rate, the symptoms of an anxiety can be much more pronounced and severe.
The physical symptoms can include profuse sweating, trembling, a pounding heart, shortness of breath, lightheadedness and nausea. Sufferers can also feel restless and highly keyed up and despite being easily tired, can have difficulty sleeping and often experience restless, unsatisfying sleep.
As well as extreme anxiety, emotional symptoms can include difficulty in concentrating, an inability to carry out everyday tasks, an avoidance of stressful situations and a tendency to make lists and to over-plan everything.
A family history of anxiety – some people may have a genetic predisposition towards anxiety disorders, which can sometimes run in families.
Personality traits – some personality types may be at greater risk of developing anxiety disorders (those who are naturally timid).
Stressful life events – anxiety disorders can be triggered by stressful events such as divorce, job loss, giving birth, abuse or loss of a loved one.
Health problems – certain physical illnesses can also contribute to anxiety disorders such as diabetes, asthma, hypertension and heart disease.
Other mental problems – other mental health conditions such as depression can contribute to the development of anxiety disorders.
Substance abuse – the overuse or abuse of drugs and alcohol can aggravate some anxiety conditions.
Psychological treatments are aimed at helping patients to recognise their negative thoughts and alter them in a positive way. They include Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT) (changing unhelpful thought and behaviour patterns to realistic ones), which has shown the most consistent and long-lasting improvements in patients suffering from generalised anxiety disorder (GAD).
Antidepressants can help to reduce anxiety, but they are not as effective on their own as when used in combination with psychological treatments and their positive effects only last as long as they continue to be taken.
Therapeutic treatments can include confronting the feared situation to develop coping skills, using relaxation methods like progressive muscle relaxation, encouraging exercise which releases anxiety counteracting chemicals, teaching structured problem solving to deal with the stressors contributing to worry, and mindfulness skills to focus on the present rather than negative thoughts.
Helping with anxiety is our specialty at Palladium Private. Our qualified therapists can help you pinpoint the beliefs that trigger your anxiety in a process that begins by learning techniques for observing emotions that result when anxiety is activated.
We teach that trying to stop a painful emotion only achieves a temporary fix at best. You might get through the moment, but when you are in a similar situation again, the same beliefs will be activated and the same emotional responses will occur. So at Palladium Private, we teach you unique ways to halt, alter and even reverse this pattern.
By using these new tools and techniques, you will learn to adopt new behaviours, apply new skills and engage in new ways of thinking. Our programs offer change that is lasting because our unique and comprehensive range of therapies go deep to the underlying root cause.
The Palladium Private Program is supported by CBT, ACT and Rational Emotional Behaviour Therapy (REBT) and is underpinned by Mindfulness Training. These therapies can help to alleviate the symptoms of depression and help sufferers to come out of themselves and reconnect with the world.
During your stay with us, you'll enjoy nutritious meals cooked by our chefs and attention to your whole health by our personal trainers, yoga teachers, and spa and massage therapists.
So if you or someone you know needs help with anxiety, why not talk to our admissions team about a program tailored to your needs. Just fill out the online query form or call Palladium Private on 1300 573 095.


A Martin Luther King Day program will be held at 7 p.m. Monday at Second Baptist Church, 1827 Fourth Ave. S. Terry Moehnke will be the master of ceremonies. Jesse Ulrich, Fort Dodge Community School District, will be a guest speaker. Poem readings and a short history of Martin Luther King Jr. will be featured.


A new trend is the real estate industry that has emerged recently is the ability of salespeople and brokers to become owners in their brokerage company. Many brokerages are privately held. That means only the owners are benefiting from the brokerage profits. However, there is now an opportunity for agents to become owners of their brokerage. Every agent of the brokerage has the opportunity to share in the profits and take part in the equity growth of the company.
There are now publicly traded brokerage companies offering stock purchase incentive plans and stock awards to independent contractors working for the brokerage. I think this is only fair because the agents of the brokerage ARE the brokerage and are the ones driving revenues and profits for the brokerage. Why shouldn't all of the agents be given the opportunity to share in the success of the entire organization? I now own a significant share of my brokerage company and you can too. Contact me if you would like to learn more.