An American History of Disaster and Response Massive reconstruction efforts in the wake of catastrophes aren't without precedent in America. A number of U.S. cities have had to rebuild from the rubble.
Read original essays, Q&As and more from NPR correspondents on the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina.
Hurricane Katrina cut a wide swath of destruction across the Gulf Coast. The storm affected some 90,000 square miles in the region, displacing hundreds of thousands of people and leaving much of New Orleans under water. The reconstruction process is expected to take several years and at least $200 billion, making Katrina the costliest natural disaster in recent U.S. history.
But U.S. cities have risen from the rubble many times before. Their experiences may prove instructive as the Gulf Coast looks to rebuild.
From the Chicago fire of 1871 to Hurricane Andrew in 1992, here are eight events that challenged American cities and regions to rebuild in the wake of disaster.
Glimpses of America at some of its most vulnerable moments.
The people standing on the rooftops in this image are likely sightseers who have come to see the Johnstown flood destruction.
More than 200,000 people were left homeless after an earthquake struck San Francisco and fires ravaged the city in 1906.
A 16-foot ring of levees was constructed around New Orleans after Hurricane Betsy struck the city in 1965.
The downtown area of Greenville, Miss., was covered under 10 feet of water during the Mississippi flood of 1927.
It is estimated that 8,000 - 10,000 people died when a hurricane struck Galveston, Texas in 1900.
Before Katrina, Hurricane Andrew was considered the most expensive hurricane on record.
Nearly 20,000 people lived in Vanport, Ore., when it was washed away by a flood in 1948. The town was never rebuilt.
The Great Chicago Fire of 1871 consumed nearly 4 square miles of the city.
The Great Chicago Fire of 1871 ranks as one of the most destructive blazes in U.S. history. The massive conflagration consumed more than 2,000 acres of Chicago's urban landscape, leaving some 17,500 buildings in rubble. One third of the city's 300,000 residents were left homeless. Three hundred people died in the fire.
But out of the ashes arose one of the most important urban revitalizations in U.S. history. A fast-paced development plan, coupled with the influence of visionary architects, helped Chicago quickly regain its reputation as a thriving city. Twenty two years after the fire, Chicago affirmed its vitality by welcoming 21 million visitors for the 1893 World Columbian Exposition.
In the spring of 1889, a flood of epic proportions left Johnstown, Pa., in ruins. Several days of heavy rains had already drenched Johnstown when, on May 31, Lake Conemaugh broke through its dam. The man-made lake was situated high above the city in the mountains 14 miles north of Johnstown. Within an hour, residents of Johnstown were fleeing for their lives as a wave of water and debris roared down the valley. According to the Johnstown Flood Museum Web site, some eyewitnesses described it as "a rolling hill of debris about 40 feet high and a half mile wide."
The gigantic wave of water killed more than 2,000 people and destroyed much of the Appalachian town in southwestern Pennsylvania. Many who survived awaited rescue for days on top of broken homes and debris. The news media produced extensive and dramatic coverage of the spectacle, prompting an outpouring of aid. The American Red Cross also responded, marking the first peacetime mobilization in the agency's history.
The failure of the South Fork dam came as no surprise. Owned at the time by the South Fork Fishing & Hunting Club, the dam's reliability had long been a contentious issue. Some area residents suspected that the club had carelessly modified the dam to benefit wealthy homeowners living on Lake Conemaugh. After the flood, several unsuccessful lawsuits were filed against the club. The disaster was ruled an "act of God," absolving the members of liability.
At the turn of the 20th century, Galveston, Texas, was a growing city. But Galveston's reputation would change forever after a hurricane packing winds estimated at 135 mph struck on Sept. 8, 1900. The massive storm claimed the title of deadliest natural disaster in U.S. history. Nearly a fourth of the city's 38,000 residents died; a 15-foot storm surge demolished more than 3,600 homes.
Nestled at the edge of an island near Houston, Galveston was obviously vulnerable to such a disaster. In an effort to prevent a repeat of the catastrophe, the Texas legislature authorized the construction of a seawall 7 miles long and 17 feet high. After the seawall's completion, sand was dredged from Galveston's shipping canal to raise the grade of the city by nearly 11 feet.
Despite Galveston's efforts to rebuild, the city faded from prominence in the aftermath of the hurricane. Much of the traffic that once made its way through the Galveston Bay was redirected to the newly constructed Port of Houston. Houston eventually supplanted Galveston as the area's major metropolis.
On April 18, 1906, at 5:12 a.m., an underground tremble awakened San Francisco. About 25 seconds later it caused a massive earthquake. The epicenter was in San Francisco, but the quake was felt from southern Oregon to Los Angeles. A 291-mile-long rupture in the ground visible to this day remains a testament to the temblor's force. Raging fires spawned by the quake caused most of the damage in San Francisco. Ruptured water pipes rendered the fire department nearly useless as the relentless fires, fueled in large part by broken gas lines, consumed more than 4 square miles of the city. The earthquake and the fires are blamed for at least 3,000 deaths. More than 200,000 were left homeless.
Nearly 300,000 people evacuated San Francisco. Oakland, Calif., saw its population double shortly after the earthquake. But San Francisco's population quickly rebounded. Rebuilding efforts set off an economic boom that energized the city and created thousands of jobs. San Francisco's magnificent City Hall, among other famous landmarks, was constructed in the years following the earthquake.
But to San Francisco's Chinese immigrant population, rebuilding efforts may have seemed less like renewal and more like removal. Tempted by large profits, city planners sought to turn what was Chinatown into a mainstream commercial district. Plans were made to relocate Chinatown and its inhabitants, most of whom had migrated to temporary settlements after the quake. Advocates for the reestablishment of Chinatown eventually prevailed, after agreeing to implement a more commerce–friendly aesthetic. As a result, the design of some buildings in present-day Chinatown says less about Chinese culture and more about turn-of-the-century stereotypes of the Far East.
In the spring of 1927 the Mississippi River and its tributaries were bulging with months of unusually heavy rains. On April 16, just 30 miles south of Cairo, Ill., a levee burst, flooding 175,000 acres. The Great Mississippi River Flood had begun. As the torrent made its way south, levees failed in 120 spots along the river, flooding over 165 million acres. According to a government Web site, 600,000 people were left homeless and the flood claimed 246 lives.
As the flood made its way down the Mississippi River valley, many people headed north. But amid fears that the region's labor force would disappear, thousands of black tenant farmers and their families were forced to stay behind. Greenville, Miss., was one of the hardest hit cities, with its downtown covered by 10 feet of water. Over 10,000 survivors from the area — mostly black farmers — found refuge on the 8-foot-wide crown of Greenville's levee.
Hoping to avoid an equally tragic scenario in New Orleans, the governor of Louisiana authorized the breach of a levee south of the city. Two southern parishes were flooded, displacing thousands of people. But the dramatic action was in vain. Broken levees upstream had already diverted enough water to spare New Orleans the flood's full wrath.
The flood was a wake up call for the federal government. Congress enacted the Flood Control Act of 1928, giving the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers responsibility for flood control on the Mississippi River. A comprehensive plan was set in motion that included the modification of levees and the construction of reservoirs and floodways to divert floodwaters. The new protections were tested in 1937, when the Mississippi River once again threatened massive flooding. The improvements held the river back, sparing the region another catastrophic flood.
In 1948, Vanport was the second largest city in Oregon. Originally, the city was created to accommodate an influx of shipyard workers and their families during World War II. Located between Portland, Ore., and Vancouver, Wash., along the Columbia River, Vanport was one of the largest public housing projects in the country. At its peak, nearly 50,000 people, many of whom were black, called Vanport home. Although many of the city's original residents left after the war, nearly 20,000 people remained when the city was destroyed.
On Memorial Day 1948, the entire city of Vanport was washed away after a dike along the Columbia River gave way. Although only 15 people died in the flood, the entire population of Vanport was left homeless. Because it was originally intended to be a temporary establishment, there was no effort to rebuild Vanport. With aid from charities and government programs, most of the residents relocated in nearby areas. The exodus prompted an unprecedented influx of African Americans to Portland, which at the time had one of the country's lowest percentages of blacks in its population.
Following a path similar to Katrina's, Hurricane Betsy gathered strength in the Gulf of Mexico before it struck 50 miles east of New Orleans on Sept. 10, 1965. The storm surge overwhelmed Lake Ponchartrain, pushing water over its levee system. Much of the Crescent City was flooded by several feet of water. Betsy was blamed for 75 deaths and became the country's first hurricane to surpass $1 billion in damages.
Congress responded to the disaster by authorizing the construction of a 16-foot ring of levees around New Orleans. But the levees were constructed to only withstand a Category 3 hurricane, a decision that may have contributed to the flooding when Katrina struck New Orleans 40 years later.
Hurricane Andrew, which made landfall on Aug. 22, 1992, is one of only three Category Five hurricanes on record to strike the United States. Before Lake Pontchartrain swamped New Orleans in the wake of Hurricane Katrina, Andrew was considered the costliest U.S. hurricane on record, with $25 billion in damages. After tearing through southeast Florida and parts of Louisiana, Andrew left 23 people dead and thousands homeless. Homestead, Fla., was one of the hardest-hit cities, with widespread damage to homes and infrastructure.
A less obvious, yet longer-lasting, outcome of Hurricane Andrew was its effect on the insurance industry. It is estimated that $16 billion of total losses were insured. While larger companies such as State Farm and Allstate could afford to make such large payouts, many smaller firms simply went bankrupt.
As a result, new measures, including the creation of a state-managed catastrophe fund, were put in place to protect the industry and consumers. Insurance rates and deductibles nevertheless skyrocketed and several insurance firms permanently left Florida.
NPR's Douglas Hopper researched and compiled the information in this report.


Since the day the first smartphones were released, the applications haven't stoped multiplying. From the calendar to the image editor, including the games or the currency converters, you can now do everything and anything with a phone. Today, you can even get fit thanks to this precious little object ! You will still have to sweat a little bit for this, though… I am sharing with you a list of the best free applications that will help you get a flat belly with defined abs.
An app that I personally use. Developed by the bodybuilder Joe Weider, this program lasts 42 days and promise you a flat belly if you do the exercises everyday (with the help of a healthy diet, of course). The sessions are divided into 6 different exercises. You have to do several repetitions and series, depending on your advancement in the program. A calendar allows you to know exactly where you are and what is your daily training. During the session, a voice will guide you so you will know which movement to execute, and some pictures will help you master the moves.
The pros : an easy to use application, with simple and well explained exercises, and some really good results if you stick to it everyday. Some options allow you to follow your weight curve, and you can add pictures of your progress.
The cons : it is hard to follow the program until the end, because the last sessions last more than an hour ! Not easy to fit this into your daily schedule, especially when only one part of the body is trained. An other con : the exercises are quickly becoming monotonous.
A really good and perfectly detailed application. The exercises are illustrated by 3D videos and the moves are explained in details to avoid a bad posture. Here again, you will find a calendar that allows you to follow precisely your progress.
The pros : some great illustrations, a really good calendar system, a large variety of exercises. You will get good results if you stick to it.
The cons : an 8 minute session can seem a bit short to the sporty ones.
A complete application with a great variety of exercises, ranked according to their level of difficulty. You will surely find what you need in this app. In addition, the Runtastic applications offer other types of programs, especially a running and a bike training.
The pros : you can create your own training by picking yourself some exercises, or you can follow a program created by the app. Then, you will be able to consult a graph with your progress and your performance.
The cons : the free version is not really complete. To fully enjoy the application, you will have to buy some additional packs. Nevertheless, the free version is already enough to get an opinion about the app and to decide wether it's worth your money or not.
This application offers clear and precise videos. You can create your own personalised training, or you can choose to simply realise some of the exercises proposed.
The pros : you can choose the duration of your session.
The cons : the free version is not compete and contains adds. For a better experience, you will have to buy it. The application is a bit limited though, there is no calendar or way to keep track of your progress.
I want results : Caynax A6W, Abs in 8 Minutes.
I'm looking for pre made and well explained trainings, and I want to keep a precise track of my progress : Caynax A6W, Abs in 8 Minutes, Runtastic Six Pack.
I want to be independent and to create my own sessions : Runtastic Six Pack, Daily Abs Exercises.


I have read Holley Gerth's blog for years now. The words of encouragement flow in those pages. I also love her Coffee For Your Heart link-up! So when the possibility came to review her new devotional, Hope Your Heart Needs? I didn't need to think long about whether I wanted to read the book. Because, yes. That was an easy decision to make.
And honestly, friends? This book is so beautiful, wonderful, and encouraging. It holds 52 devotions, yet I read those faster for book reviewing purposes. Honestly, though, I could have read all the 52 devotions on one go because it was such a encouraging read full of hope. These pages are full of honest moments and realizations that come with daily life. But they are also full of hope and point the reader to the Gospel and our wonderful God. Holley Gerth considers those moments our heart needs hopes — and then she delivers hope, beautifully. And always with God in mind.
Holley Gerth is a wonderful writer who points her reader to God, in everything. At the same time, it is easy for the reader to relate to what Holley Gerth is writing because of the way that she writes. All in all, her book is wonderfully full of hope and relatable moments. These devotions are also ones I will love to read in the mornings, for that hope I know my heart needs. I haven't read any books by Holley Gerth before, though I'm a fan of her blog. But I so want to read more of her books now.
I received a free copy of the book from the publisher in exchange for a review. I was not required to write a positive review. Everything I have expressed here is my own personal opinion.
Having also read the book, it is wonderfully encouraging and full of hope. She truly has such an encouraging heart, pointing readers to God.
So true, Joanne! Thank you for stopping by here!
Thanks for sharing this review! I've read some of Holley's other books and love her blog so I'm sure I would appreciate this one too!


text:
Thu 25 Jul 2019 11:03 AM
Video: UAE's space missions and Mars probe explained
The world celebrated the 50th anniversary of the first Apollo moon landings last week and I thought this might be a good time to give you a quick update on what's happening with the UAE's space mission.
Just another 60 odd days remain until Hazza Al Mansouri blasts off from earth and plants the UAE flag on the International Space Station.
That's not it. The UAE is also planning a Mars probe, aptly named Hope. In just two years, which is also going to be the country's 50th anniversary, the UAE will land a probe on Mars. The ultimate goal is to establish the first human colony on the Red Planet by 2117. The Hope Probe is scheduled to lift off from Japan in July 2020 and reach Mars by 2021.
The total value of Emirati investments in the space sector increased from AED20 billion in 2015 to over AED22 billion during the first part of 2018.
The number of space-related establishments in the UAE reached 57, which provided over 1,500 job opportunities.
There's also going to be a new UAE space launched very soon with 50 Emirati companies, institutions and establishments.
I had spoken to Sunil Tacker from STA Law firm to learn more about this law. Let's hear what he has to stay.
Apart from the Emirates Mars Mission and the UAE Space Agency, there are other key players in all of these initiatives.
The Khalifa University lab, which is believed to be the region's first space lab.
Mohammed Bin Rashid Space Research Centre, which was founded by Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid is a scientific centre specialised in space science and is one of the pillars of knowledge economy.
KhalifaSat - which blasted off into orbit from Japan last year - was the first satellite designed and made by Emirati engineers. Abu Dhabi's Aabar Investments, now under Mubadala, acquired a 31.8 percent stake in Richard Branson's Virgin Galactic and they are in talks with the UAE space agency are talks of space tourism flights from Al Ain Airport.
But over the years there have been a few road block too.
Earlier this month the UAE's fourth reconnaissance satellite, FalconEye1, was lost when the Vega rocket carrying it developed a fault.
Despite the loss, preparations to launch a second satellite, FalconEye2, are under way.
The UAE recently even formed a committee responsible for detecting astronomical bodies hurtling towards Earth. These could include meteors or the remains of spaceships or other "space junk".
Basically all I'm trying to say is the UAE is taking the space sector very seriously and why not? According to the UAE Space Agency, in 2017, the total global space economy value amounted to $348 billion, 79 percent of which were commercial revenues while 21 percent were for government budgets and manned spaceflight. Private investments in space grew by 30.5 percent in 2017, as compared to 2016.
(Source: Arabianbusiness.com YouTube channel)
UAE space agency
Mars Mission Hope
Emirates Mars Mission
Mohammed Bin Rashid Space Research Centre
Video: Porsche Middle East and Africa's new CEO outlines plans for growth in the region
Video: A new era of Saudi Arabia's family entertainment - Qiddiya master plan revealed
Video: How podcasts became so popular
Video: Dubai's Empower looks to address skills gap
Video: A hub for art and pop culture in Dubai
Video: CEO John Pagano updates on The Red Sea Project progress

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Review: Anatomy of a Scandal, privilege and power prevail
Anatomy of a Scandal is one of several British series out now with scandal in the title. This series is mostly female behind the scenes. S.J. Clarkson (a woman) directed the series created and written by Melissa James Gibson and David E. Kelley. It was based on the novel of the same name by Sarah Vaughan.
Anatomy of a Scandal is a rape trial story. I'll spoil the ending right now by telling you in this "he said, she said" trial, the man is the one the jury believed.
Let's back up and look at the story. James Whitehouse (Rupert Friend), a Member of Parliament, comes home one night to tell his wife he's been having an affair with an aide, Olivia (Naomi Scott). Olivia accused him of rape. In six episodes, we learn almost nothing about Olivia. Everything happens through James's side of the story. Is Olivia a liar? We don't know. But we know James is a liar – we see many examples of that.
Sophie Whitehouse (Sienna Miller) is James's wife. They have two children. Sophie decides to stick by his side through the trial. His very competent counsel is Angela Regan (Josette Simon).
The prosecution counsel is Kate Woodcroft (Michelle Dockery). Kate we get to know quite well. She's got secrets of her own which I won't spoil because it's a nice twist. She has a bright young assistant, Maggie (Kudzai Sitima), and a good friend from her university days, Ali (Liz White).
What all these characters did at university plays into the story. We flash back 20 years frequently to see the history of these people who now hold important positions in British society. A woman Sophie knew well at Oxford, Holly Berry, comes to light during the trial as also accusing James of rape. Except Holly Berry can't be found to substantiate the claim.
The three central characters, James, Sophia, and Kate were outstandingly played by the actors. The consequences of the trial affected all three of them. It didn't end with the verdict I hoped, but there were other consequences that worked for me.
Thematically, I thought the points about power and privilege were well made. Perhaps the ending wasn't what I wanted, but there was a message in the series. Society may trend toward justice, but that trend isn't always a smooth upward climb. Overall the series was a bit above average because of the performances, especially Michelle Dockery's work.
Streaming, TV series
Anatomy of a Scandal, David E. Kelley, foreign tv series, Josette Simon, Kudzai Sitima, Liz White, Melissa James Gibson, Michelle Dockery, Naomi Scott, Rupert Friend, S.J. Clarkson, Sarah Vaughan, Sienna Miller, Women Directors
Shondaland Thursday, AKA Rhimesday, is Coming Soon to Your TV
Killing Off the Good Guys on Scandal and Lost Girl
The Baby Bump
2 responses to "Review: Anatomy of a Scandal, privilege and power prevail"
Peggy Marie says:
This was soooooooooo good! hahahah Glad to see you liked it as well.
Yes, indeed


This Kingwood outdoor kitchen is a great example of our work on outdoor kitchens. As you can see, our stone is only top of the line quality and we ensure it is stable and eye appealing when we set it. As with all of our outdoor kitchens, stainless steel appliances are always installed. We will never cut corners in our customers outdoor kitchens.
Here at Houston Outdoor Kitchen Pros, we pride ourselves on the quality of our work and our customer's satisfaction. Satisfaction is always 100% guaranteed! Our customers deserve & receive only the finest service and products. We use only the highest quality materials to ensure that our customer is always fully satisfied with their outdoor kitchen Kingwood TX project.
Contact us today at (832) 409-3542 for a free quote on your outdoor kitchen! Call today to begin your outdoor kitchen!


The corporation keeps to the operation concept "scientific management, superior quality and performance primacy, consumer supreme for Table Runner Zara Uk , Table Runner Zara , Table Runner Zarape , If you give us a list of goods you are interested in along with makes and models we can send you quotations. You should email us directly. Our goal is to establish long-term and mutually profitable business relationships with domestic and overseas clients. We look forward to receiving your reply soon.


The Roarin' Tyler, the Playful Tiger pet is ready to play. And his favorite way to play is to ROAR! Make noise and he roars back. Talk to him and he responds!
The Roarin' Tyler, the Playful Tiger pet even has a little chicken toy. And with poseable back legs, he can be hugged and cuddled. He's an exotic, fun-lovin' pet!
furReal and all related characters are trademarks of Hasbro. Includes pet, play toy, and instructions.
•4 x 1.5v C alkaline batteries required. Not included.


Bella Terra Landscapes is a local Delaware company serving Delmarva. We provide a wide range of services, custom tailored to your outdoor living needs. Our staff is committed to quality care and a personal approach, striving to create lifelong relationships with our clients. We have a rich family history of generations, born and raised in Delaware, and a family owned and operated business that takes a personal interest in your home and outdoor living spaces.
Take a look at what we have available in bloom for you!
Things may be looking a little drab this time of year, but not these beauties!
'Autumn Amethyst' Azaleas are bursting with vibrant color, and are the perfect addition to any border that's in need of some Fall color. AND....they're on sale!
Check out our tips and tricks for the season and growing your flowers.
Bella Terra Landscapes has built a solid reputation for mowing, gardening, landscaping and saving our clients time and money.
Complete design services for residential and commercial property.
Would you like to add a water feature, a perennial garden, or a complete outdoor living space to your landscape? No matter what it is that you are looking for, Bella Terra Landscapes will help you create it, and work closely with you every step of the way – from creative concept and design all the way through to completion.
Concrete paver and natural stone patios, outdoor kitchens, retaining walls, walkways and borders.
Whether you use your yard for swimming, relaxing, playing with the kids or entertaining, there is a landscape plan that can make this outdoor space feel like part of your home. By defining distinct areas for different purposes, a good landscape and hardscape plan can turn your yard into an inviting retreat.
Bella Terra Landscapes specializes in quality automatic watering systems and landscape features that make your lawn look better all year round. Selecting a company that provides comprehensive irrigation services is important for the health and beauty of your landscaping, as well as the environment.
Managing these essential components ensures that your Delmarva garden or property will look its very best, all season long.
Outdoor lighting in Delmarva offers homeowners a way to enjoy their patio, yard, and garden settings after dark, and it adds an element of safety. Light has the ability to transform an outdoor space into the perfect living and entertaining area.
We can install LED money-saving light and retro-fit existing system to accept LED replacement bulbs, saving you energy costs and repeat service calls.
Complete low voltage landscaping lighting design, installation and maintenance.
Come visit our nursery! We have a large selection of annuals, perennials, tropical plants, trees and shrubs. Be sure to check out our Events/Specials tab to see the latest Bella Terra happenings and deals.
Work Site: Is this the address of the prospective work site?
directors, and managers to get your project started.
Have used and recommended Bella Terra for many years. Ranging from weekly lawncare, irrigation installation, uplighting and full landscape installations. There isn't another company I would consider using in their place. Thanks for all your hard work!
We worked with Bella Terra on a mutual customers' project. They were extremely pleasant and always got us what we needed. We definitely look forward to working with them on future projects.
Bella Terra did a beautiful hardscape and plantings! Also a dry well to solve rain water issue.
Thank you for all your efforts in making our patio a dream come true. It was such a pleasure working with you and your team.
Bella Terra helped us with an extensive re-design of our landscape, and also handled the installation of the new design (including landscape lighting). We were very pleased with the design & install. The designer listened to our "wish list" for a mostly native plant design that blended well with the surrounding area and created a great design with a nice mix of plant material. The lighting designer gave us valuable feedback on our initial plans, and what he recommended was a much better option for us than our original idea. All install staff were professional and hard-working - they showed up on time, cleaned up the property when they left each day. We would definitely recommend Bella Terra as a quality, professional, design/build landscaping firm.
We just wanted you to know that we are thrilled with job you did at our home. It has transformed the look in a very positive way.
I personally used Bella Terra for our patio installation this summer. His team wa on time everyday, and you would not know that they were driving trucks, lawn care supplies over our yard. They did a beautiful job and the patio is amazing. His crew were such a nice group of people and professional.
I couldn't be more satisfied with the job. Tim and his crew went about their work professionally and diligently and I learned something about pruning in the bargain. The place looks great. I've got just enough left to do to make me feel that I will have accomplished on my own.
I can't say enough good things about this company. The staff are always available with ideas and suggestions to improve the appearance of our property. The landscapers are professional and courteous. I highly recommend Bella Terra for any landscaping needs.
Megan was wonderful from the start of the planning period, through many changes, up to the completion of the project. The installation team were very friendly and efficient, even while adjusting plants to my very particular tastes. When it was time for the follow up visit, the guys worked quickly and cleaned up the area very nicely. Looking forward to seeing it all in bloom in the Spring.
Bella Terra did a great job putting in lights at our office. Very impressed with the staff and the service they offer us. I would recommend them to anyone looking for a dedicated professional staff and a quality product.
Sincere appreciation for your prompt service and expertise in fixing the grading and water issues associated with my driveway. your staff was proficient and courteous. Upon completion of their work, the area was cleared and returned to its original landscape. Despite the volume of rain that has fallen since then, water has not entered the garage or seeped into the basement. It was a pleasure to work with you and your company. I would highly recommend your services to customers facing similar issues.
Our organization is Lewes Unleashed, the new dog park in Lewes, Delaware that opened August 2016. After the recent rainy fall, the park developed a large pond in the center of the site, which some wanted to call "Lake Paw Paw". Other owners weren't laughing because, while the dogs loved the mud, their cars didn't.
We contacted Bella Terra and another large landscaper. Bella Terra developed a plan and estimate for the work in record time. Even though fall is an extremely busy time for landscapers, they made time in their schedule and got the work done - on time and at a reasonable cost. The other landscaper took one look at the project and said they needed to do more research -- and never got back to us.
Thank you Bella Terra for working to solve a complicated problem. The dogs thank you too.
I am writing to commend the excellent service I have received from Bella Terra. I came to Bella Terra through Erin Walls who has been shaping my garden with grace and excellence over many years. She is the consummate Landscaping Designer. She is always polite, knowledgeable, and an excellent interface between Bella Terra and your clients. Erin thinks and designs gardens in 3-dimensions. She is familiar with every type of plant and tree. She knows which will resist rabbits, do well in the sun or shade, and has drought resistance etc. She is an encyclopedia of gardening and plant facts and always goes beyond the call of duty to get the work completed. When large installations are being done she places the plants to be installed exactly where she wants them then steps back to evaluate the form. And by the way, she does the best pots and planters both inside the house and on the decks! She designed and implemented an entire tubular watering system for 15 pots on the decks and property that has worked perfectly. Without this system, I could not leave my property for any length of time since the plants would die. That is a tremendous asset. Erin alone has done all of the landscaping and hardscaping beautification of our home and property. For that I am so grateful. I will follow her wherever she goes.
In addition, I would like to offer my highest accolades to the work crew that has been managing my property. In particular, Danny Kelso has been extremely helpful and accommodating. He listens carefully often taking notes when we discuss modifications I would like made or changes I want. He gets plants moved around the garden effortlessly and is always polite, knowledgeable and has excellent interpersonal and communication skills. I have watched him spend months trying to perfect a grass bed by pulling out a persistent species of weed. He succeeded and his tenacity should be commended! He is a very hard worker during the installs and maintenance. He is a tremendous asset to Bella Terra. If there are incentives for excellence in employee performance, he should receive one.
One of the workers named Julio is familiar with my property and takes great care to help me with various requests. I have watched him pay great attention to detail including the weeding, trimming and clean up. He spent a long time once picking up the dropped leaves from Magnolia trees that are up against our shower stalls. It was a tight space to access and he was down on his knees for a long time in an uncomfortable positon until everything was cleaned up. He has demonstrated amazing strength when doing installs. He makes a sincere effort to communicate clearly with me and we always manage to understand each other very well. He is a pleasure to deal with. It is also always a pleasure when Keith swings by to check on the progress and status of the property. He too is always a gentleman and helpful with suggestions and astute observations about ways to modify or improve things with the garden. I always try to buy the crew a beer but they resist and I have to pass out some cash and bottles of Gatorade.
In closing, I am so happy I am a client of Bella Terra especially when I hear the horror stories my neighbors tell me about the frustrations they have with their landscaping companies. My property is a shining star in the Ocean Breezes Community. I get many compliments on the landscaping from neighbors. Often when rental families stroll through the neighborhood they will ask me if I am the home owner so they can tell me directly that; "your garden is the nicest in the community". That means a lot to me. Thank you for providing such an excellent staff and service.
I am available anytime if you ever need to talk to me about this commendation or anything else.
We have used Bella Terra since our original landscape installation (new home was surrounded by bare dirt) in early 2012. They are knowledgeable, courteous and thorough. Our labor-intensive garden is in good hands with BT.
Great design vision, quality materials and superior follow-up resulted in a 5 star result.
Kyle at BellaTerra responds quickly, very helpful, and is customer focused and friendly. We look forward to working with him on our irrigation needs!!
Thank you - what a wonderful job!!! We made the right choice of contractor.
Our new corner garden with wall, etc. looks great. I can't wait till spring when we can start planting. Thank you.
Bella Terra is a great landscape company and they keep my yard looking impeccable. They always show up, complete the jobs in a timely manner, and have the most friendly employees.
We highly recommend this company. Bella Terra is always there for us. Excellent and prompt service for over 10 years, including snow removal . BTW Danny, we are waiting patiently for your spring pruning.
We hired Bella Terra Landscapes to build a hardscape front patio on our home. The owner, Mike Schimmel, came to our home to give us an estimate and right away we were impressed with his presentation of ideas for the patio. He gave us a little background of his company and we were equally impressed with the fact that he and his staff, on a regular basis, keep their certifications current and attend classes in the field to always provide for new and innovative ideas and techniques.
Mike sent a 4-man crew to our home and each member of that crew was dressed in uniform provided by Bella Terra. Mike would show up everyday at our home and discuss the plan for the day with the crew. Each guy knew their daily role and they hardly took break. Each member of the crew took pride in their work, checking and rechecking each move they made. The finished product was spectacular!! We have gotten so many compliments from neighbors on the job --- and we have given out the 8 business cards Mike left for us to neighbors who are now interested in having Bella Terra doing some work for them.
Overall, Mike and Bella Terra Landscapes is a great company, with a great crew!! Mike was always available and returned our calls in a timely manner. You really get what you pay for with Bella Terra Landscapes. We highly recommend this company for any of your hardscape needs!! We would hire this company again in a heart beat!! Thanks Mike and Bella Terra Landscapes!!
We wouldn't have anyone else do our hardscaping and landscaping work. We've used Bella Terra for quite some time and are always thrilled with the work they do. Prompt, hard-working, thorough. We highly recommend this company.
Bella Terra exceeded our expectations for our hardscape patio with lighting and landscaping - from design to finished product! We shopped around and no one else compared. Nearly every day, our landscape designer was on site, and some days the company owner was even present, ensuring the project was perfect. This company takes pride in their work and it shows. We didn't use the lawn space prior to having the patio installed... now after less than two weeks, we have used it almost every day and already can't imagine it any other way. This was an investment worth every dollar.
One Call Services has referred our clients to Bella Terra for many years. They always deliver great service and a great product. They are our "go to" landscaping company. Their design work is impeccable, and their attention to detail is second to none!
Love Bella Terra! Great people, great work and fair pricing! I own a real estate development company in DC and have worked with many landscape co's, I highly recommend Bella Terra!
We recently moved from Connecticut to Lewes Delaware to a custom built home and art studios. We had a very elaborate landscape design in mind and as artists, with high expectations - lawns, large fish pond, patios, stone walls, breezeway, fountain and a runnel feeding the pond, land fill and elevation management, shed, English style gardens, trees, irrigation system, drains, walkways, lights, outdoors spa, fence, irrigation system well / pump, trellis and more. The building company was overwhelmed by our requirements and did not think that any of their regular landscape companies will have the ability to produce our design until they found Bella Terra Landscapes. They came through for us with flying colors. Not only the crew accomplish all the work, they also exceeded all of our expectations in every way. We don't normally write reviews, but Bella Terra Landscapes was so great we felt that we had to do something to show our appreciation. This is one of the best companies we have ever dealt with and we going to recommend them to everyone that needs landscaping. They were extremely professional, creative with ingenious ideas, patient, and helpful through our whole experience. Their customer service was extraordinary from Mike, the owner, Justin, the designer and all the way through the crews and everyone that worked at our property. They were all incredibly polite, hard working and helpful every step of the way. If you want an honest estimate and authentic work, this is the company for you. They stuck to the budget and schedule from the estimate even when we made some changes to the original plan while they were working. Every step of the way they explained everything they were doing and fixed every problem, big and little, that came up. They even worked directly with our home builder to correct problems with the drainage pipes and helped us with approval issue with our HOA. We will of course use Bella Terra Landscapes for all of our landscape maintenance needs.
Great company. Professional service. A pleasure to work with. They did an excellent job on my lawn, arrived when they said they would and the cost was reasonable. A great small business to support.
Great customer service! They do what they say they will in a timely manner. I have never been let down by them as they take personal responsibility for their work!
I wanted to thank you for the outstanding work that has been done here! It exceeded my expectations. Your team was tremendous and your vision realized. I very much appreciate your approach and customer focus. I look forward to moving on additional projects to bring this yard into splendor. Thank you very much for your attention to detail and superior workmanship.
Megan our project manager at Bella Terra Landscapes and the entire crew were the most responsible, impressive company I have EVER worked with in my life. Their quote was very accurate and quick and provided all details and photographs. They walked the site to get all our desires and translated them into the project beautifully. The owner was on site as well as many workers so the work was done quickly and quietly. They alerted us to things that we may want to upgrade or change like existing water pipes that were not the best and they adapted our underground sprinkler to self- water all the plants. I cannot say enough good things about this company. They well exceeded every expectation I had. They are artistic and did great designs. We love the plastic boxwood they found a way to attach it to our white vinyl fence and it looks fabulous. We asked for the look of a "W" Hotel and we got it !! Thanks Bella Terra !!
We had our new home landscaped by Bella Terra last fall, and this spring we had them install a beautiful paver patio surrounded by arbor vitae trees ... everything is SPECTACULAR. Our designer, Megan Francisco was a joy to work with and helped us design everything perfectly. The landscaping teams are talented professionals who take pride in their work ... they weren't happy until everything was perfect. The hardscape team who installed our pavers were truly artists at work. We could not be happier. We highly recommend Bella Terra to everyone!
If combining the highest level of artistic ability with extraordinary technical expertise is what you're looking for, look no further. Bella Terra TRANSFORMED our property into a take-your-breath away wonderland that literally causes passers-by to stop in their tracks to take it all in. What Bella Terra did blesses us each and every day. Highly, HIGHLY recommended!
I LOVE LOVE LOVE the new landscaping. You did such an amazing job. It is truly beautiful. Thank you soooo much.
I never have to call. Bella Terra are on their game at my property! Brandywine Living in Rehoboth are proud of our Landscaping. Thanks Bella Terra!
I want to thank you and the crew for all of the work you put in this last week. Ray took the liberty of sending a couple of pictures and we couldn't be happier. We are especially excited about getting the grass as hopefully it will help keep the mud and sand out of the house. Again, thank you for your efforts.
When we called, Bella Terra came... immediately... and fixed our light outages. Excellent service. Highly recommend this company.
From start to finish the irrigation job was superb. Kyle came out to look at the property and explained exactly what would be done. I especially liked the fact that they would plow instead of trench, leaving minimal disruption of the existing turf. The quality of work was excellent and the system works as designed. One small problem with the rain sensor, which Kyle is looking into. Overall an extremely satisfactory experience.
Just a note to say how pleased we have been with your service. The finished product is exceptional. Your service staff are polite, efficient and professional. Thank you. Look forward to continued quality work.
Bella Terra does beautiful work. They are very responsive and willing accommodate any special needs. I highly recommend them.
The article isn't found. Please enter the correct article into the shortcode.
Mike is the heart and soul behind Bella Terra Landscapes. He keeps his finger on the pulse in every aspect associated with the business, promotes a favorable company culture, and continues to expand and refine the company vision. He grew up in Middletown, Delaware and attended Hodgsen Vo-Tech where he pursued Culinary Arts and Horticulture. After spending summers with family in Rehoboth and Bethany, he decided to move south in 2000 where he began cooking in restaurants; most notably Restaurante Zebra and The Buttery. In 2004 he and his wife Katie started Bella Terra Landscapes and the company has continued to grow and thrive ever since. In his spare time, he enjoys boating, fishing, and going to the beach with his wife and their two sons, Nicholas and Christian.
Keith has served in many capacities at Bella Terra since 2008. Although he has an office now and spends as much time at his computer as he does in the field, he understands all aspects of the job, which makes him an excellent, well-respected manager. He is a firm believer that the organic culture Bella Terra promotes with both employees and clients has been instrumental in the companies' growth, adding a cohesiveness that brings out the smiles of team members, which in turn creates happy clients. Keith holds National Recognition as a Certified Landscape Technician and is also a certified Delaware Commercial Nutrient Handler. He oversees all aspects of the landscape maintenance division while nurturing Bella Terra's reputation of customer service and satisfaction. Like Bella Terra, his motto is "meeting and exceeding customers' expectations." Any free time Keith has is dedicated to his wife and 3 boys. He can often be found coaching sports and enjoying the beach.
A self-described plant geek, Megan has been helping her clients enhance their properties' natural beauty and potential since 2004. She is certified with the Delaware Nursery and Landscape Association as a Nursery Professional. She has a diverse array of experience in the green industry that includes research at the National Arboretum, as a horticulturist and consultant for private estates, and in her current position as a landscape designer. Her education includes a Bachelor of Science in Earth Science from Frostburg State University with a minor in Biology. She is grateful for the opportunity to combine her love for plants and artistic eye to help her clients create an inviting outdoor retreat of their own. When she is not designing landscapes, Megan loves spending time with her husband and two children, socializing with family and friends, running, and of course – gardening!
Justin Bartels has a passion for landscape design that is evident in all that he touches. His vast experience in the industry (over 28 years) has given him a perspective and a flair that is second-to-none, while his quick wit and infectious laugh make him a delight to work with. He has a degree from the University of Maryland and completed additional landscape design studies at George Washington University. He is also a Certified Landscape Design Specialist as well as a Certified Nursery Professional with the Delaware Nursery and Landscape Association. Since moving to the Delaware Seashore area 20 years ago, Justin has been happily matching clients with the landscapes of their dreams. When he's not working, you can find Justin spending time with family, socializing with friends, and hanging on the beach.
Danny Kelso has been with Bella Terra since 2012, and currently serves as an account manager for our Maintenance Division. Danny is a certified member of Nursery and Landscape Professionals, specializing in ornamental and plant maintenance. Not only does Danny have a great rapport with clients and go above and beyond to ensure client satisfaction, he is also an environmentalist at heart, and cares deeply about preserving the beauty and sustainability of nature. When he's not working, Danny can be found mountain biking, hiking or camping with his wife and two children.
Keith Hitch joined the Bella Terra Team in 2015, and currently serves as an account manager in our Maintenance Division. Keith is a graduate of the Air Force/Army/Marine Corps Fire Academy. Ranked at the top of his class, he served on a rescue squad for both Hurricane Charlie and Hurricane Frances while he was stationed at Tyndall Air Force Base in Panama City, Florida. After being honorably discharged from the service, he moved back to the Eastern Shore, and started planning a new career path. When he decided to try landscaping, he found that he was a natural. He worked his way up in the company from crew member, to foreman, to account manager and joined the ranks of Nationally Certified Landscape Professional's. Keith's military career has instilled in him the attention to detail and dependability that our clients rely on. When he is not at Bella Terra, Keith loves to ride motorcycles and spend time with his family.
Jimi is the project manager for Bella Terra's Install and Hardscape Division. He brings 10 years of experience with him along with Stihl Equipment Bronze & Silver level training. Jimi loves the challenge of fulfilling the ideas and dreams of clients. When he is not working, he enjoys being outdoors and spending time with this wife and two children. He also serves his local, volunteer fire company where he has served as Ladder Captain, Engine Captain, Rescue Captain and Assistant Chief.
Jane handles the accounts payable responsibilities for Bella Terra Landscapes, ensuring that vendors are paid in a timely manner, monitoring employee expenses, and making sure the budget is balanced, the books are reconciled, and the taxes are paid. Jane is a transplant from Bergen County, NJ and now calls Milton, Delaware home. After working at corporate headquarters for The Movado Group, where she managed financial and security audits, she is embracing the slower pace of Sussex County and loves her new home and the surrounding beach area.
Lana plays a supporting role in the day-to-day operations of the company, which offers her the opportunity to learn various aspects of the business. Lana loves wearing the many hats required of her and the versatility that brings. She takes pride in representing Bella Terra Landscapes and acting as a spokesperson for the team. A native of Cleveland, OH, Lana moved to Delaware 4 years ago. She still makes frequent trips back to see family (and cheer on her favorite hometown sports teams!), but these days she can be found enjoying the slower pace of Southern Delaware - at the beach, reading a great book, or quilting.
Hope grew up gardening in Delaware and has turned a well-loved hobby into a career. She has over 20 years of experience in the industry and loves working with plants and people, especially doing floral arrangements and garden containers. In her role as nursery manager she ensures that our plants receive the attention they deserve, making them vibrant and healthy for our clients. She also assists our designers and managers by tracking down plants and trees that we do not grown onsite. Her relationships with our vendors, as well as her plant knowledge, is key in the day-to-day operations and scheduling of new landscaping projects. When Hope is not working, she enjoys spending time with her family in her native Dewey Beach.
Steve is our resident grower. From seeds to cuttings, he ensures that the magic happens in the greenhouses, and puts stock in the term "green thumb." Steve is passionate about plants! In fact, he has been working in greenhouses since 1974. His profession as a grower has taken this native Virginian to North Carolina, Pennsylvania, Colorado, and finally Delaware. Prior to coming to work for Bella Terra Landscapes, he worked in Lowes Garden Center as a plant specialist. Although we do order in some plants at Bella Terra, most of the glorious flowers and plants you see when visiting were grown onsite by Steve. In his spare time, he enjoys working on his vast collection of HO model trains.
One of our landscape designers will discuss your project with you in order to determine how best to achieve your vision. A meeting will be scheduled at your home to establish your project budget, scope and and whether or not a formal design is required.
We will provide you with a written proposal based on the previously determined budget and design elements for your review and approval. The proposal will specify all material selections and list all included work.
A design Agreement and Fee will be presented based on the landscape and hardscape elements to be included in your project. This will also take into consideration the estimated budget range established for each element or phase.
To initiate the design process, a deposit and signed design agreement will be required. The balance of the design fee will be due upon presentation of final drawings.
Note: If installation is contracted through Bella Terra Landscapes, a portion of the total design fee will be applied toward the installation contract price.
Our team will visually inspect the property to verify that existing site conditions are accurately shown on the property and/or plans provided by the client. Existing structures, spot grades, utilities, general soil conditions, and over-all site conditions will be noted to determine the most appropriate use of both plants and construction materials.
If it is determined that current site conditions do not match that of the provided plans or if no plans exists, further data collection will be required before proceeding.
This work will be completed for a nominal fee.
Scale drawings shall be prepared showing existing structures noted during the site analysis visits, and indicated on any existing site plan and/or property plans.
Conceptual plans shall be prepared using base map information and will reflect client preferences as well as concepts of new design. Preliminary plans will be drawn to scale and will include general information regarding types of material, variety, and size.
Final plans shall be prepared from preliminary plans, ideas, and client feedback. Final plans will include scale working drawings with indicated location, and specifications of material proposed.
Further support drawings and digital models are available upon request for a fee.
Before any work begins, Bella Terra will hold a preconstruction meeting onsite with all production managers involved in your project to assure that each phase of construction moves smoothly.
Upon completion of your project, a final walk through will be conducted with you, the project manager, and the sales person. At this meeting, you will be presented with a closing package to include a copy of your plan and contract, all care guidelines, warranty information, product information, and any other project specific information that may prove important.
Once your project is complete, consider having Bella Terra Landscapes maintain your beautiful outdoor space.
Our landscape maintenance division offers a full range of property management services including but not limited to mowing, turf & bed fertilization, weed control applications, edging, mulching, and pruning.
We also offer specialty services such as seasonal flower rotations, landscape renovations and enhancements, plant health care, irrigation and lighting services, and snow removal.
While part of the Bella Terra Landscapes team was releasing ladybugs at Milford's Bug and Bud Festival April 23, other team members were assisting Boy Scout Troop No. 1 in Lewes as they worked at St. Peter's Episcopal Church to rebuild the labyrinth on the church grounds.
During the Bud & Bug Festival Bella Terra Landscapes handed out ladybugs to be released at home in a garden. They also release over 10,000 ladybugs in Milford's green spaces to deter pests.
Bella Terra Landscapes employees pause after cleaning up Bella Terra Drive in Lincoln in the Adopt-A-Highway Program. Shown are (l-r) Keith Dickinson, Olvin Santiago, Jose Mejia, Provinciano Roblero, Douglas Coppock, Genaro Jimenez, Danny Kelso, Keith Hitch, Mario Ramirez, Rudy Rodriguez, Antonio Jimenez, Rafael Salto, Isidro Flores, Angel Maldonado, Juventino Torres-Diaz, Colan Nilan, Carlos Rivera and Eduardo Dia-Ramirez.
Bella Terra Landscape took 3rd place with a float that included a actual working waterfall.
Delaware Seashore Preservation Foundation started a fundraiser 10 years ago to light Tower 3.
In February, theorganization reached its goal. Nine cobalt blue lightssurrounding the base of the tower illuminate it each night.
Fort Miles Historical Association and DNREC's Division of Parks and Recreation.
The lights were designed and installed by Bella Terra Landscaping and Lighting from Lincoln, Del.
FMHA's Bunker Busters cleaned the tower and power-washed it to look the way it did in 1943.
All the funds to light the tower, landscape it, install a glass door and new concrete around the base were raised by our partners, Delaware Seashore Preservation Foundation, the friends group of Delaware Seashore State Park. DSPF has received a challenge grant from the Longwood Foundation to help pay for tower improvement and the pavilion. The teams are working together to make it happen. The tower-lighting ceremony show ed the power of friends groups working with our state partners to improve a landmark.
to rebuild the labyrinth on the church grounds.
The labyrinth was built by St. Peter's members in response to the Sept. 11 terrorist attacks in 2001.
as they seek tranquility or just want to experience the journey of peace that it provides.
Troop 1 Boy Scouts and Bella Terra helped with the first phase of renovating the meditation labyrinth on the grounds of St. Peter's Church in Lewes. Scouts shown are (l-r) Trevor Simmons, Frank Carter, Austin Ross, Jonah Robertson, Will Warick and Chris Dean.
The labyrinth was deconstructed and ground was prepared for new sod.
Bella Terra Landscape staff laid new sod on thesite where St. Peter's new labyrinth will be installed.
During the Bud & Bug Festival Bella Terra Landscapes handed out ladybugs to be released at home in a garden.
They also release over 10,000 ladybugs in Milford's green spaces to deter pests.
Bella Terra Landscapes employees pause after cleaning up Bella Terra Drive in Lincoln in the Adopt-A-Highway Program.
Juventino Torres-Diaz, Colan Nilan, Carlos Rivera and Eduardo Dia-Ramirez.
Bella Terra Landscapes did its part to clean up the environment and make the community more beautiful Dec. 17.
As participants in the Delaware Department of Transportation's Adopt-A-Highway Program, staff collected trash along two miles of Bella Terra Drive in Lincoln.
Members of Bella Terra spent over two hours collecting 30 bags of litter. "It was very rewarding," said Danny Kelso, landscaping professional.
To adopt a highway, individuals, organizations or businesses agree to keep a two-mile stretch of road free of litter for a period of two years.
beginning and end of the adopted section. For more information, call 1-800-652-5600.
Copyright © 2018-19 Bella Terra Landscapes. All rights reserved.


text:
Q: I blurred a div but I want to do that everything inside of it to be focused Anyway, I blurred a div via this code:
background: #FFFFFF;

-webkit-filter: blur(2px);
-moz-filter: blur(2px);
-o-filter: blur(2px);
-ms-filter: blur(2px);
filter: blur(2px);
opacity: 0.4;

But I want to put inside that blurred div some text, and the stays stays blur too after all, is there a way to cause the text itself only to not blur?

A: No, but:
You can position another element over the blurred element in that case.
See: z-index for this, along with the position: attribute.
Important: the element cannot be inside the blurred element and just have a higher z-index only. It needs to be outside it, positioned over the other one, and have a higher z-index than the blurred element.
Here is a very basic example, using position: absolute;:

*

*http://jsfiddle.net/digitalextremist/ky3Ca/3/
Excerpt:
.unblurred {
    position: absolute;
    top: 5px;
    left: 5px;
    z-index: 9;
}

There are a lot of ways to do positioning. The above jsfiddle only shows one way to get you started.

A: You can position the text over the div using some other html element, check this fiddle:
http://jsfiddle.net/7PxzL/1/
HTML:

This is the Text

CSS:
div {
    width:100px;
    height:100px;
    background: #cccccc;
    z-index:-1px;
    -webkit-filter: blur(2px);
    -moz-filter: blur(2px);
    -o-filter: blur(2px);
    -ms-filter: blur(2px);
    filter: blur(2px);
}

span {
    position:absolute;
    top:10px;
    left:10px;
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Gosh I can't believe it's been a week since I blogged. Blogging is such a stress relief I'm surprised I haven't done more of it lately.
I went ahead and did step one of the biggest loser process… now to make a video and actually show up at the casting call. I know it sounds silly for me to keep bringing it up but I've really been praying if God can use me and teach me in such a crazy way then so be it. If not I'll just keep on my quest for a 5k though its much harder lately. I need to make more time to run/walk/jog but I'm just so tired. I finally watched some TV last night from last week and I'm not usually like that. I went all week last night without turning the TV on. Woah.
I almost died my hair the other night. I know its so silly but my grays are coming out in full force. I figure I'll just go with it a little longer. My hair is just starting to look normal again and I'm itching to cut or color it. I feel like its an easy way to make a change to my outward appearance. I've been reading " The Confident Woman Devotional" its been helping somewhat. I'm just in a funk. I can't hear God. I know He is there but I feel like He's saying I've given you the tools make the right decisions. I also feel like God has put people in my life for a reason so I should probably take advantage of these women.
I'm supposed to have my first week on the praise team on Sunday. Words can't explain how excited I am to be singing again. Not that I don't worship at church, in my car, at work ect.. but it's different. I'm sad I can't see some of my family that's meeting at my PaPa's but I NEED to sing lol. It means a ton to me that so many people in this new church support me without knowing me. I mean they know me now but they don't know know me. I was at a women's bible study last night and just started crying in the middle of discussion on Philippians. No reason just tears. I felt like a fool but no one said anything thank goodness. I was reading Philippians 1:3 I thank God every time I remember you. That is most likely what did it also because we had to read it over and over. Maybe I'll use that as my verse on Greg's quilt. It was awesome for me to see the love that Paul had for these people, his friends in Christ, in his letter.
I've been dealing with the person I feel that's inside of me and how I need to get there. How can I be a better version of myself? The Woman that God made me. Not the woman that so and so wants, or who I think I should be, who my family wants me to be, how I could find a husband or get someone to love me. The person that God made me to be, I want to be her.
← Blood Pressure and The Biggest Loser.


text:
Q: Absence of texture on 3D model in AR application made with Unity 3D and Region Capture I'm working on a little AR coloring book application using Unity and Vuforia. I did something similar a few years back, but now, with the new updates, they changed a lot of things (I'm using Unity 2017.3, Vuforia 7 and Texture Region Capture 2.0.6 available here https://github.com/maximrouf/RegionCapture).
When the Image Target is shown, a 3D model of that image appears and you should be able to color it. The problem is that on the 3D model I can see all the things captured by the camera, not only the texture, as shown in the image below.
Now, I don't know the reason for this, I tried looking at other tutorials, but even the scripts for this version of Region Capture differ. Below are some pictures containing the way I attached the cameras and the game object to the scripts..
Please help me find a solution.

A: I have faced the same problem today so I post here the solution hoping that this will help people who encounter the same problem.
To solve it, I had to link the Region Capture to my Image Target and resize it to match the Image Target's size:


text:
Vint Hill Farms, VA
In 2010, a former U.S. Marine jet pilot was caring for his wife of twenty-six years, Roseann, who required daily IVs and feeding through a tube in her chest.The veteran attack pilot had incurred many major injuries in his military career and in sports, but nothing was as difficult watching his spouse suffer.On December 28th of that year, former Marine Captain Ralph Crafts heard about kombucha (pronounced kom-BOO-cha) from his wife's Medicaid attendant (kombucha is produced by fermenting sweet black tea with a culture of bacteria and yeast, and is available in many health/natural food stores.Its origin has been traced back to ancient China).
The Medicaid attendant suggested the drink to Ralph for stress relief, as he had served as the primary caregiver for his ill wife for seven years.As a former Marine jet pilot, Ralph's idea of a stress relief drink was a good bourbon, not a health shake, so he reluctantly followed up on the suggestion and found a national brand of kombucha at the local natural market.He was turned off by the taste:"It was awful!"But, the following day, as fortune would have it, an article on the health benefits of kombucha ran in the Food section of The Washington Post.As he flipped through the paper, the article caught his attention.Proponents claimed kombucha tea could stimulate the immune system, help with the side effects of medications (e.g., chemotherapy and antibiotics), help with digestive issues, and improve liver function, among other health benefits.One of his wife's critical challenges at the time was healing her liver.Ralph was interested.
He started making kombucha at home.Through the process of fermenting tea to create a brew with high levels of B vitamins, antioxidants and probiotics, Ralph and his wife began to perfect the taste of his brews.In fact, Roseann carefully and diligently worked to perfect 18 different flavors, using pure, organic ingredients such as whole vanilla beans, lemon zest, raw ginger root and strawberries.They ensured the "SCOBY" or pancake-like formation of bacteria and yeast that forms as a result of the fermentation process, remained in a purely organic environment, by using only organic teas.The home-brewed kombucha tasted so good that Ralph and his wife each started drinking up to three pints each day.And amazingly, and immediately, he claims they both saw health benefits.Roseann's liver enzyme levels fell back to normal ranges and her recurring systemic infections from the IV feedings stopped completely.
Compelled by the results, Ralph opened a kombucha production line in his converted garage.His neighbors asked to try it.His engineer asked to try it to improve his sleep and reduce his knee pain, and after seeing results, asked for more for his mother who wasn't able to eat due to the side effects of chemotherapy (she was back to a full diet within three days of drinking Ralph's brew).With success story upon success story, and the great taste of the drink, word of mouth began to build Ralph's production line into a business.
Ralph committed himself to sharing his kombucha with the local Fauquier Community.He served his brew at a kiosk at Gold's Gym in Warrenton and started offering tastings at local markets.However, he says, that as word spread, the demand was coming from the north and west, as far as Maryland and all around the DC-metro area. Ralph knew that he, and his now late wife, had created something special.
Ralph founded Made To Order (MTO) Kombucha, LLC (MTOK), in June 2011, and designed and opened his brewery in Vint Hill in January of 2014.The company needed a distribution center, warehouse and production line large enough to meet demand.Today, hundreds of case a month and scores of kegs filled with MTO Kombucha are delivered to many locations in the DC-metro area.
"It is amazing," says Crafts, "people just want to sell it for us. It is that good."
MTO Kombucha is brewed daily, Monday through Friday, out of the production facility located at 7124 Lineweaver Road in Vint Hill, which is right next to a beer brewery.The brewery serves MTO Kombucha on tap as well.Another benefit to MTOK, Crafts adds, is that when it is consumed with alcohol or the morning after a night out, it is able to restore optimal feelings of health because it rapidly cleanses the liver.
MTO Kombucha also offers tastings inside its Vint Hill location.A tasting room was added to the facility in November 2014 to offer a variety of flavors on tap to sample for free (typically eight to ten at a time), and tables for friends and group gatherings.
"Our kombucha is pure—no artificial ingredients, no sugar added, not even any juice—which keeps the health benefits high," says Ralph."The flavors are made from the purest ingredients.We go to great lengths to ensure our kombucha is made with only the best ingredients.We order multi-kilo bundles of organic black tea from four different regions around the world—Sri Lanka, India, China, and Malaysia."
Regular drinkers claim improved health from the brew, including the disappearance of symptoms of Lyme Disease, bladder and sinus infections, celiac disease, insomnia, auto-immune diseases, acid reflux, and chronic pain.Perhaps to most interesting customers are the four-legged kind.MTO Kombucha sells to horse owners as a colic preventative and natural de-wormer, and dog and cat owners to aid with skin and digestive issues.
Ralph explains that the natural acidity of the drink preps the gut for the probiotics and vitamins to be absorbed."The body has an incredible capacity to heal itself if given the right fuel," he says.Some records indicate kombucha may have been introduced to Japan by a Korean physician around 414 AD, and routinely used by Samurai.
"Our corporate culture is entirely different than that of three MBA's getting together to try and make a quick profit.We are producing a life-changing product here.I started making this at home to same my wife, and discovered we could make a great tasting, health drink that can impact people's lives in a good way."
The former tactical jet Marine pilot takes no prescription or pain medications for this many injuries and broken bones, and credits MTOK for his overall great health.


The West Virginia fungi series covers my two trips with my wife to the northwestern Monongahela National Forest in the amazing summers of 2012-13. Those summers produced an overwhelming amount of rain which made good for a vast diversity of species to be found. I have never witnessed to this day such a diversity of fungi species all in one weekend like that in my entire life of photographing them. I want to personally thank former OMS President–Walt Sturgeon for his lead on the area and perfect timing to this treasure trove of species. Without Walt's lead, I may have never encountered many of those species on just a regular trip out to West Virginia as many summers can be quite dry with little to no species fruiting.
My wife and I love West Virginia and have also enjoyed helping out with the West Virginia Mushroom Club's excellent foray in 2013. They do these annually every year and have an excellent line-up of speakers and fungiphiles gather from all over the states and locally to enjoy the charms of the forest and bring further knowledge to others that love fungi as much as we do. So the next time the heavy rains arrive in the summer, you might want to plan a quick trip down there as it's well worth it!


Enums implementation in Python requires a enum support as described in PEP-0435. This support is available out of the box in standard libraries since Python v3.4, or since v2.4 using enum34 PyPi compatibility layer.
Setuptools is the de-facto standard way of building and installing python packages. This library allows extension with plugins. https://github.com/KOLANICH have developed an extension to setuptools, allowing you to automate compilation of *.ksy files as the part of python module build process. The library provides a mostly declarative syntax to facilitate installation: you add a parameter kaitai to your setup.py where you enumerate files that you want compiled, output directory, compilation flags, and source code post-compilation transformations. Here are some examples: 1, 2.
Here are the docs in JSON Schema format.
Please remember that this lib is VERY UNSTABLE and very likely to be improved in a way that changes API (but due to API simplicity it'd be easy to fix your code), but I guess it's much better to use this than to reinvent the wheel. Contributions are welcome!
Please note that this lib is NOT available on pypi and if you want to install it automatically, you should add git+https://github.com/KOLANICH/kaitaiStructCompile.py into dependency_links in the config passed to setuptools.setup.


Find the newest and hottest Converse promo code & deals which are totally free for your convenience to make full use of. You can enjoy fantastic 30% Off discounts with online 14 active Converse coupons today. Choose your favorite products and save big with current Converse promotions.
Free ground shipping on $50+. Some exclusions apply. You can click here to learn more about free shipping for new customers at Converse.
Go to Converse's gift card page for detailed information.
Free return within 60 days of purchase For more information about Converse's free returns, please click here.
Active, veteran, retired, and reservist US Army, Navy, Air Force, Marines, and Coast Guard personnel are eligible to receive a 10% Nike military discount , Find more about Converse's 10% off military discount.
Enjoy free standard shipping on your orders of $150 or more. Browse this page for more details.


text:
Сри Ланка (; ), званично Демократска Социјалистичка Република Сри Ланка, острвска је држава у јужној Азији. Северозападно од Сри Ланке налази се Индија а југозападно је Малдивски архипелаг. Писана историја Сри Ланке дужа је од 3.000 година али постоје и теорије да су на овом острву постојале преисторијске људске насеобине пре 125.000 година. Захваљујући свом географском положају и обали погодној за изградњу лука имала је велики стратешки значај од древног Пута свиле до Другог светског рата.

Сри Ланка је мултикултурна земља, у којој се среће мноштво религија, народа и језика. У њој живе Синхалези, Сриланчански и индијски Тамили, Маври, Бургери, Малајци, Кафири и домородачки народ Веда. На острву је присутно богато будистичко наслеђе а најстарији будистички спис у Сри Ланки је Палијски канон настао 29. године пре нове ере. Новију историју земље обележио је тридесетогодишњи грађански рат завршен 2009. године победом владиних снага над организацијом Ослободилачки тигрови тамилског илама.

По друштвеном уређењу Сри Ланка је унитарна република са председничким системом. Законодавна власт је смештена у Сри Џајаварденепура Котеу, предграђу пословног средишта и највећег града у држави Коломба. Сри Ланка је значајан произвођач чаја, кафе, драгуља, кокоса, гуме и цимета. Острво обилује тропским шумама и разноврсним крајоликом са богатом флором и фауном.

Сри Ланка има дугу историју у међународној сарадњи, као оснивач Јужноазијске асоцијације за регионалну сарадњу и једна од чланица Уједињених нација, Комонвелта, Г77, и Покрета несврстаних. Једина је земља у јужној Азији која има висок индекс хуманог развоја.

Географија

Положај
Површина државе износи 65.610 km².

Геологија и рељеф
Сри Ланка се налази на Индијској тектонској плочи, унутар Индо-аустралијске плоче. Смештена је југозападно од Бенгалског залива, између 5. и 10. степена СГШ и 79. и 82. степена ИГД. Од Индијског потконтинента одвојена је заливом Манар и мореузом Палк. Према хинду митологији некада је ово острво земљоузом било повезано са Индијом. Земљоуз је наводно било могуће препешачити све до 1480. године када су циклони продубили канал.

Острвом преовлађују равне и благо заталасане равнице, са планинама које се уздижу само у средини јужног дела. Највиша тачка је Пидурталагала, висине 2.524 метра.

Острво је богато минералима као што су илменит, фелдспат, графит, силицијум-диоксид, каолинит, лискун, и торијум. У заливу Манар откривене су значајне количине нафте и гаса.

Воде
На Сри Ланки постоје 103 реке. Најдужа је Махавели, дуга 335 km. На овим рекама постоји 51 водопад већи од 10 m. Највиши је водопад Бамбарканда, висок 263 метра. Обала Сри Ланке дуга је 1.585 km. Сри Ланка полаже право на ексклузивни привредни појас у дубини од 200 наутичких миља од обале, што је 6,7 пута веће од површине самог острва.

Клима
Клима је тропска и топла, захваљујући утицају ветрова са океана. Просечна температура се креће од 17 °C на средишњој висоравни, где зими током неколико дана може да дође до појаве мраза, до максималним 33 °C у осталим областима на нижој надморској висини. Просечна годишња температура се креће од 28 до скоро 31 °C. Разлика између дневне и ноћне температуре може да износи од 14 до 18 °C.

На падавине највише утичу монсуни са Индијског океана и Бенгалског залива. У сувој зони и на неким од падина у приветрини на средишњој висоравни падне око 2.500 литара кише сваког месеца али на падине у заветрини на истоку и на североистоку падне веома мало кише. Највећи део истока, југоистока, и севера земље чини суву зону у којој падне између 1200 и 1900 литара кише годишње. Суве северозападне и југоисточне обале имају најмање падавина, од 800 до 1200 литара годишње. С времена на време олује и тропски циклони доносе велику количину падавину југозападним, североисточним и источним деловима острва. У југозападним и планинским областима виша је влажност ваздуха.

Флора и фауна
У приобаљу Сри Ланке налазе се развијени екосистеми корала и морске траве. На Сри Ланки се налази 45 естуара и 40 лагуна. Захваљујући мангровама, које се пружају на више од 7.000 хектара, ублажене су последице разорног цунамија из 2004. године у Индијском океану.

Становништво

Највећа етничка заједница на острву су Синхалези, по религији углавном будисти, и они чине 75% становништва. Други по реду су Тамили који говоре тамилским језиком. Њихове религије су хиндуизам (17% од укупног становиштва државе) и ислам (7%).

Историја

Острво Цејлон стари географи су познавали под називом Тапробане  (од санскритског Тамрапани), те Салике или Серинда (из санскритског Синхаладнипа тј. "острво лавова" )
Претпоставља се да су се данас већински Синхалези доселили на Сри Ланку при крају 6. вијека п. н. е. Након што је у 3. вијеку п. н. е. из Индије увезен будизам настале су значајне цивилизације са средиштима Анурадапури (између 200. године п. н. е. и 1000. п. н. е) и Полонаруви (између 1070. и 1200.)

На острво су се с индијског копна доселили и Тамили који су се настанили углавном на сјеверу и дуж обала. Број досељеника и вријеме миграције још увијек су предмет расправе. Синхалези и Тамили повремено су се сукобљавали око превласти на отоку.

У средњем вијеку су га описали Марко Поло и Ибн Батута.

Први европски колонизатори, Португалци дошли су 1505. и основали град Коломбо Касније су дошли и Холанђани у 17. вијеку, али су се ограничили на заузимање обалних подручја, а унутрашњост је остала углавном независна са главним градом у Кандију. Сукоб Португалаца и Холанђана завршио је 1658. у корист Холанђана. Ширење британског царства и моћи у Индији довело је до првих сукоба Британаца и Холанђана, али Холанђани су се успјели одржати до краја 18. вијека. Кад је Холандију освојила Француска и претворила је у Батавијску републику (1795. године), Британци су кренули у општи напад на холандске колоније и освојили их 1796. године, чиме је острво постало дијелом Британског царства. Миром у Амјену такво стање је потврђено.

Након независности доминантну улогу у политици земље имала је синхалешка већина, која је укинула енглески језик као службени, те прогласила синхалешки јединим службеним језиком, иако њиме не говори скоро трећина становништва острва, што је довело до незадовољства Тамила и њихове отворене побуне 1983. године, под вођством герилске групе Тамилских тигрова.

Дана 19. маја 2009. године, предсједник Сри Ланке службено је потврдио крај побуне и побједу војске Сри Ланке.

Сри Ланка је једна од земаља најтеже погођених великим цунамијем у децембру 2004. Погинуло је више од 30.000 људи.

Административна подела

Привреда
Главна привреда Сри Ланке је пољопривреда. Гаје се чај, гума, цимет. Сри Ланка је други највећи извозник сушеног кокоса чиме покрива 30% укупног светског извоза. Извозе се чај, гума, кокос, одећа, драго камење, цимет, сушени кокос, цемент и др.

Напомене

Види још
 Будизам у Сри Ланки
 Сигирија

Референце

Литература

Спољашње везе

 Влада Сри Ланке
 Званична туристичка презентација Сри Ланке
 Обичаји и култура на Сри Ланци

Острва Индијског океана

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Fluffy, cute and important pollinators - what's not to love about bee-flies? Dr Erica McAlister discusses these fascinating flies.
Bee-flies are all parasitoids of solitary bees and wasps, their larvae consuming the baby bees underground and then emerging to pupate into the nectar feeding, and so in some instances, pollinating adults.
They are some of the earlier flying flies of the season. This year we had some sightings as early as mid-February, much earlier than usual in previous years. The Dipterists Forum and Buglife are running a joint initiative to get as many folks as possible to record these creatures especially those within the genus Bombylius. This genus includes four species that are the more well-known species, including the commonest UK one.
These are found in southern Wales and south-west England and are generally scarce across their range, but they are on the move. These are on the wing from early May to mid-August, peaking in June to early July.
What I love about this species is that the females have been observed ovipositing (laying their eggs) by flicking their egg over or into burrows of bees using their legs! Wouldn't that be an amazing sight!
A smallish bee-fly that has beautifully mottled wings. These are generally found in the southern part of England in gardens, woodlands, land slipped cliffs and calcareous grasslands. They parasitize the larger solitary bees (there are many records from the genus Andrena), which are active in the spring and so this species is flying from late March to mid-June with a peak in April.
As with much of our understanding about the ecology of all flies, much has to be determined as the exact hosts have yet to all be identified.
This is the most common species and one of the early spring species appearing in March. This year was extraordinary though with a sighting on the 17thof February! These will be on the wing to late June peaking mid-April to May.
One of the fun things about bee-flies is that when at rest their wings are fairly distinguishable from each other but in flight, these become a blur and so identification becomes much harder.
This is a nationally rare species, and as its English name suggests it is found on heaths but also sandy banks and sand pits. This one is on the wing from early July to late August.
Quite why it is restricted to two widely separated areas, in Dorset and on the Isle of Man, is another bee-fly mystery waiting to be resolved.
Just before I finish this piece there is one further species of bee-fly that I wanted to mention, and that is the Anthracite bee-fly Anthrax anthrax – so scary they named it twice! There is nothing harmful about this genus though, which is entertaining as we still have problems sending specimens from the main museum collection to people on loan – I mean, would you like anthrax in the post?
This one has only been seen twice in the last few years so let's make this the year to truly explore our countryside for these amazing beasts.
Join in with #BeeFlyWatch and let's get these distribution maps filled in.
Dr Erica McAlister is the senior curator of Diptera at the Natural History Museum of London, a committee member of The Dipterists Forum and president of the Amateur Entomologists' Society.
The Dipterists Forum, a UK organisation dedicated to all things fly, is actively involved in collecting, recording and researching our UK species – most of which are not restricted to just the UK. The distribution records help us understand population distributions and change associated with climate and land use. It is essential for us to get out there and help.


text:
Design Evolution of Rolls Royce Emblem Over the Years
Rolls Royce Motor Cars Limited, commonly known as Rolls Royce, is a British luxury car manufacturer owned by the German group BMW. It was established in 1998 after BMW acquired the rights to the Rolls-Royce brand name, logo, and the Spirit of Ecstasy. Since 2003, Rolls-Royce Motor Cars Limited exclusively manufactures all Rolls-Royce branded cars.
Rolls-Royce has had an interesting history. The luxury car and aero-engine manufacturing business was initially started by Charles Rolls and Henry Royce in the UK in 1904 and soon became a wildly popular brand worldwide. The owners liquidated the company in 1971. In 1972, following the de-merger of the Rolls-Royce automotive business from Rolls-Royce Limited (which was public), Rolls-Royce Motors was created.
The company was acquired first by Vickers in 1980 and then by Volkswagen in 1998. Bentley Motors Limited, which is a successor of Volkswagen, is the direct successor to Rolls-Royce Motors. However, Rolls-Royce Motor Cars Limited has almost no relation to any of the vehicles branded Rolls-Royce produced before 2003.
The Rolls-Royce Logo & Emblem
For long, the Rolls-Royce logo has been a double-R, after the name of the founders, Rolls and Royce. The emblem, called the Spirit of Ecstasy, was the figure of a woman leaning forward with her arms stretched behind her. Both the logo and the emblem have seen small variations in their style, shape, and size over the years.
This article will examine the variations and the design evolution in the Rolls-Royce emblem since its inception.
The Spirit of Ecstasy
The Spirit of Ecstasy is the figurine decorating the bonnets of most Rolls-Royce cars. The sculpture shows a woman who is leaning down with her arms stretched behind her and her clothes flowing from her arms to her back, looking like wings.
Why Did Rolls-Royce Feel the Need for a Mascot?
In 1909, Charles Robinson Sykes created a personal mascot for Baron John Montagu's Rolls-Royce Silver Ghost. He made a figurine based on a model Eleanor Velasco Thornton, who had been having an affair with Montagu. The figurine was clad in fluttering robes and had a forefinger placed on her lips. The figure came to be known as The Whisper.
By 1910, mascots had become a fashion. Concerned that people were displaying inappropriate mascots on their bonnets, Rolls-Royce asked their manager to commission a dignified mascot for Rolls-Royce cars.
Sykes was chosen for this task, and he created a mascot by modifying The Whisper. That version of the emblem was called The Spirit of Speed. It was meant to embody the spirit of Rolls-Royce: speed and silence, no vibration, and great energy and grace that was almost living. Sykes later chose to call it the Spirit of Ecstasy.
Subsequent Variations in the Emblem
Rolls-Royce listed the mascot as an optional extra, but by the early 1920s, it had become a standard practice to fit it on almost all Rolls-Royce cars. From 1911 to 1914, it was made with nickel or chrome alloy and then plated with silver. The figure went through 11 alterations in its lifetime.
One of the primary reasons for the alterations was the need for reduced size. In the 1930s, the sports saloons needed their drivers to have a clearer view of the road, and so Rolls-Royce commissioned Sykes to make a lowered version of the figurine.
In 1934, a kneeling version of the Spirit of Ecstasy was unveiled. While this figure served the purpose of allowing a clearer road view, it was discontinued in favor of a smaller version of the original standing model.
From 2003-onwards, the 3-inch Spirit of Ecstasy model was mounted on a spring-loaded mechanism that allowed it to be retracted into the radiator if hit from anywhere. A button inside the car enables the driver to control the height of the emblem.
The emblem can also be customized to an extent, with the options to make it from stainless steel, stainless steel with gold plating, or illuminated crystal.
The Latest Redesign of the Emblem
Rolls-Royce promoted its emblem, the Spirit of Ecstasy figurine, as its main symbol and brand identity. Pentagram redesigned the emblem and flipped it to face to the right. With digital in mind, the design was made more minimal and yet bolder.
The emblem is still recognizable but looks more contemporary. Rolls-Royce wants the symbol to resonate with a younger demographic, and so apart from making it more digital-friendly, the symbol has been made more abstract and fluid. The designers gave detailed attention to physical attributes like the waist size, explaining that they didn't want the waist to be too thin and thus too sexual or feminine.
The latest illustration is meant to represent the company on digital forums as well as be printed on physical items. It aims to present Rolls-Royce as a technologically connected and forward-thinking brand. The new visual identity came into effect in September 2020.
The Rolls-Royce emblem was created by Sykes and based on the model Eleanor Velasco Thornton. Originally meant to be an optional decorative, the Spirit of Ecstasy became integral to the brand identity and was widely adopted. The emblem has gone through 11 variations, but it still resembles the version conceived and crafted by Sykes in the early 1900s.
Most Popular Cars of the 1970s
5 Tips For Hiring a Car Accident Lawyer