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Important judgments of SC and High Courts with Short Explanation
Law NotesCompetitive Exam
Important judgments of Supreme Court for various Competitive Exam Such as Judicial Services, UPSC, LLM entrance, CLAT etc. – Our Legal World
1. NJAC held unconstitutional (Supreme Court Advocates on Record Association vs. Union of India
2. Yakub Memon midnight hearing [Yakub Abdul Razak Memon vs. State of Maharashtra]
3. Section 66A IT Act struck down [Shreya Singhal vs. Union of India]4. No compromise in Rape cases [State of MP vs. Madanlal]
5. Unwed mother can become sole guardian of a child [ABC vs. State (NCT of Delhi)]6. Uphaar Verdict [Sushil Ansal vs. State through CBI]
7. Award Compensation to the victim of crime [Manohar Singh vs. State of Rajasthan]
8. Section 364A IPC awarding death penalty not unconstitutional [Vikram Singh vs. Union of India]
9. States cannot unilaterally grant remission [Union of India vs. Sriharan]
10. Minimum Education Qualification rule for Panchayat elections upheld [Rajbala vs. State of Haryana]
11. Women can be manager of a Joint Family [Shreya Vidyarthi vs. Ashok Vidyarthi]
12. Complete Departmental inquiries within six months [Prem Nath Bali vs. Registrar, High Court of Delhi]
13. RBI also under RTI [Reserve Bank of India vs. Jayantilal Mistry]
14. Acid Attack Victims in disability list [Parivartan Kendra vs. Union of India]
15. Writ petitions maintainable against 'deemed Universities'. [Dr. Janet Jeyapaul vs. SRM University]
16. No politician photos in Govt Ads [Common cause vs. Union of India]
17. Age determination of rape victim clarified [State of M.P. vs Anoop Singh]
18. Amendment in complaint can be done [S.R.Sukumar vs. S.Sunaad Raghuram]
19. Obscene language cannot be allowed against 'Historically respected personalities'. [Devidas vs. State of Maharashtra]
20. Appointment of Archakas to be made in accordance with Agamas [Adi Saiva Sivachariyargal Nala Sanga vs. Government of Tamil Nadu]
21. Father of deceased victim has right to appeal [Satya Pal Singh v. State of M.P]
22. Jat reservation unconstitutional [Ram Singh vs. Union of India]
23. Concealing pending criminal cases by elected representative illegal [Krishnamoorthy vs. Sivakumar]
24. Writs against Judicial actions by judiciary not maintainable [Riju Prasad Sarma etc. Vs. State of Assam]
25. Validity of Sec 499 IPC-Subrhamanyam swamy v UOI
26.Haji Ali Dargah; Dr. Noorjehan Safia Niaz Vs. State of Maharashtra [Bombay High Court, 26-08-2016]
27. Plea of Self-defence; Brij Lal Vs. State of Rajasthan
28. Extra-Judicial Confession; Kala @ Chandrakala Vs. State Through Inspector of Police
29.District Judge Selection; Vijay Kumar Mishra Vs. High Court of Judicature At Patna
30. Constitution; Rajender Prashad Vs. Govt. of NCT [Delhi High Court, 04-08-2016]
31. Government Bungalows; Lok Prahari Vs. State of U.P
32. Voice Samples; Sudhir Chaudhary Vs. State
33. Wild Life; State Vs. Salman Khan [Rajasthan High Court, 25-07-2016]
34. Sedition; Hardik Bharatbhai Patel Vs. State of Gujarat35. Slaughter House; Eagle Continental Foods Vs. Shailesh Singh
36. Victim; Jag Mohan Vs. State of U.P. [Allahabad High Court,
37. Consent; Ayodhya Prasad Vs. State of U.P. [Allahabad High Court,
38. Juvenile Justice; "A" through her Father "F" Vs. State of U.P. [Allahabad High Court]
39.Upload FIRs in Police Websites [Youth Bar Association of India vs.Union of India]
40.Multiple Life Sentences will run concurrently, Remission of one will not affect the other [Muthuramalingam vs. state]
41.DV Act; Relief Possible Against Minors, Women [ Hiral P Harsora and ors Vs. Kusum Narottamdas Harsora]
42.Forcing Husband To Get Separated From His Parents, Amounts To 'Cruelty' [Narendra vs. K.Meena]
43.Persons in Govt/Judicial service need not resign to participate in District Judge Selection Process [ Vijay Kumar Mishra and Anr Vs High court of Judicature at Patna and Ors]
44.Public Service Commission shall provide Information about answer sheets and Marks under RTI [Kerala Public Service Commission vs State Information Commission].
45.No liquor shops near National Highways [State of Tamil Nadu vs. K. Balu]
46.National anthem must in Theatres [Shyam Narayan Chouski vs. Union of India]
47.SC can transfer cases from Jammu & Kashmir Courts to courts outside it and vice versa [Anita Kushwaha vs. Pushpa Sudan]48. Upload FIRs in Police Websites
[Youth Bar Association of India vs.Union of India]
Criminal Defamation law not unconstitutional
[Subramanian Swamy vs. Union of India]
49- Multiple Life Sentences will run concurrently, Remission of one will not affect the other.
[Muthuramalingam vs. state]
50- SC can transfer cases from Jammu & Kashmir Courts to courts outside it and vice versa
[Anita Kushwaha vs. Pushpa Sudan]
51- DV Act; Relief Possible Against Minors, Women.
[ Hiral P Harsora and ors Vs. Kusum Narottamdas Harsora]
Supreme Court struck down the words "adult male" before the word "person" in Section 2(q) of Domestic Violence Act.
52- Forcing Husband To Get Separated From His Parents, Amounts To 'Cruelty'
[Narendra vs. K.Meena]
53- Directions to Curb Female Foeticide
[Voluntary Health Association Vs State of Punjab]
54- Persons in Govt/Judicial service need not resign to participate in District Judge Selection Process
[ Vijay Kumar Mishra and Anr Vs High court of Judicature at Patna To and Ors]
55- All Tribunals are not necessary parties to the proceedings where legality of its orders challenged
[ S. Kazi vs. Muslim education society]
56- Public Service Commission shall provide Information about answer sheets and Marks under RTI
[Kerala Public Service Commission vs State Information Commission]
57- Social Security to the Legal Profession Becomes an Essential Part of Legal System
[Cardamom Marketing Corporation & Anr. Vs. State Of Kerala & Ors]
58- Landmark guidelines for disaster /drought management.[Swaraj Abhiyan vs. UoI]
59- People with disabilities also have the Right to Live with Dignity
[Jeeja Ghosh vs. UoI]
60- No liquor shops near National Highways
[State of Tamil Nadu vs. K. Balu]
61- High Court Judges Not Exempt From Airport Frisking
[Union of India Vs. Rajasthan High Court and Ors]
62- Soumya Case: Govindachami Acquitted Of Murder Charges; LIFE TERM Awarded For Rape
[Govindaswamy Vs. State of Kerala]
63- SC issues Guidelines on 'Appointment of Govt. Lawyers
[State of Punjab vs. Brijeshwar Singh Chahal]
64- Resolution against Justice Katju can't be quashed.
[Justice Markandey Katju vs. The Lok Sabha]
SC refused to quash the March 2015 resolution by both houses of parliament against him for describing Gandhi as a British agent and Netaji as a Japanese agent.
65- Cauvery Dispute and SC:
[State of Karnataka vs. State of Tamil Nadu:]
SC ordered Karnataka to release 15000 cusecs of water to Tamil Nadu, Later on a plea by state of Karnataka, it was modified to 12000 cusecs.
66- SC orders NEET.[Sankalp Charitable Trust vs. UoI]
Supreme Court ordered to conduct the National Eligibility Cum Entrance Test (NEET) 2016 in Two Phases.
67- Sedition: Direction to authorities
[Common Cause vs Union of India]
Supreme Court of India issued a direction to all the concerned authorities to follow the Constitutional bench judgment in Kedar Nath v State of Bihar (1962) which limited the scope of sedition.
68- National anthem must in Theatres
[Shyam Narayan Chouski vs. Union of India]
69- Abhiram Singh V. C.D. Commachen (DEAD) BY LRS. & ORS , New Delhi, January 02, 2017
SEEKING VOTES ON GROUND OF RELIGION IS UNCONSTITUTIONAL LANDMARK JUDGMENTS
70. M. Nagaraj v. Union of India.
Validated Parliament's decision to extend reservations for SC/STs to include promotions (reservation in promotion). However, the Court also laid down conditions which made it difficult for the Central and State Governments to grant such reservations.
PART-II
1. Lalita Kumari v. State of UP
:FIR mandatory in cognizable cases
2. Mohd. Ahmad Khan vs Shah Bano Begum
:Section 125 of CrPC Secular
3. D.K. Basu v. State of Bengal
:SC guidelines relating to rights of the arrested person
4. Nilabati Bahera v. State of Orissa
:Compensation in case of unlawful arrest and detention
5. Sheela Barse v. State of Maharashtra
:Rights of women relating to arrest
6. Joginder Kumar v. State of UP
7. Chanmuniya v. Virendra Kumar Singh Kushwaha
:Right of maintenance in Live-in-Relationships
8. Shiv Shankar Singh v. State of Bihar
:Filing of Multiple FIR
9. Satya Pal Singh v. State of MP
:Father of deceased victim has right to appeal
10. State of UP v. Singhara Singh
:Section 164 by necessary implication prohibits the magistrate from giving oral evidence of the confession made to him
11. State of Madhya Pradesh v. Rustum
:Computation of period of 60/90 Days u/s 167 of CrPC
12. CBI v. Anupam J. Kulkarni
:Police Remand can not exceed 15 Days
13. *Mubarak Ali v. State of Bombay*
:Offence triable where the act is done
14. *Shakuntala Devi v. State of U.P.*
:Availability of Civil Remedy does not bar filing of a case u/s 200 of CrPC
15. *Dina Nath v. Emperor*
:No summary trial in serious or complicated cases
16. Surendra Singh v. State of UP
:Where a Judge who wrote the Judgment dies before it was delivered or pronounced, another Judge can not deliver it
17. Naresh v. State of UP
:Alteration of Conviction u/s 302 IPC to one u/s 304 IPC by HC is not justified u/s 362 of CrPC
18. Ashok Kumar v. UOI:Constitutional validity of Section 433-A of CrPC
19. Rasiklal v. Kishore Khanchand Wadhwani
:Right to bail u/s 436 in bailable offences is an absolute and indefeasible right
20. Gurbaksh Singh Sibbia v. State of Punjab
:SC guidelines relating to anticipatory bail
21. Jagdish Ram v. State of Rajasthan
:Quashing of FIR on account of delay
22. State of MP v. Madan Lal*
:No compromise in Rape cases
23. *Manohar Singh v. State of Rajasthan*
:Compensation to victim of Crime
24. S.R. Sukumar v. Sunnad Raghuram
:Amendment in complaint can be done
25. Siddaharth Vashisht v. State(NCT of Delhi)
:Cryptic Telephonic Message of a cognizable offence not to be treated as F.I.R.
30 landmark judgments in India
Champakam Dorairajan Vs State of Madras 1951
Well before Arjun Singh, this case concerning admissions of backward classes to educational institutions led B.R. Ambedkar, then the law minister, to pilot the first-ever amendment to the Constitution.
K.M. Nanavati Vs State of Maharashtra 1960
The crime of passion, where Commander Kawas Maneckshaw Nanavati murdered his wife's lover, marked the end of jury trials in India when the officer was let off.
Golaknath Vs State of Punjab 1967
The Supreme Court made fundamental rights immune from amendment until Parliament reasserted its authority in 1971 by amending Articles 13 and 368 of the Constitution.
Madhav Jiwaji Rao Scindia Vs Union of India 1970
The Supreme Court rejected a 1970 presidential order abolishing titles, privileges and privy purses of India's erstwhile princely rulers.
Kesavananda Bharati Vs State of Kerala 1973
In 1971, Parliament empowered itself to amend any part of the Constitution. However, the Supreme Court laid down that such amendments could not destroy the 'basic structure' of the Constitution-fundamental rights are part of the 'basic structure'.
Himmat Lal ShahVsCommissioner of Police 1973It dealt with a common citizen's right to hold public meetings on streets and the extent to which the state could regulate this right.
Indira GandhiVsRaj Narain1975
Indira Gandhi declared Emergency after being ordered by the Allahabad High Court to vacate her seat for malpractice. The Supreme Court later overturned the decision.
A.D.M. Jabalpur Vs S. Shukla 1976The Supreme Court declared the right to move court under Articles 14, 21 and 22 would remain suspended during the Emergency.
Maneka Gandhi Vs Union of India1978
The case caused a huge uproar over the definition of freedom of speech.The court ruled that the procedure must be fair and the law must not violate other fundamental rights.
Minerva MillsVsUnion of India 1980
The Supreme Court again applied the 'basic structure' theory, saying that social welfare laws could not curb fundamental rights.
Ramesh DalalVsUnion of India1988
The case dealt with the subject of pre-Partition communal violence, and how its depiction was not in violation of Constitutional articles.
Rajan Case 1981Involving the torture and death of a final year engineering student in custody in Kerala, the case led to the resignation of K. Karunakaran, then the home minister, and imprisonment of the officers accused.
Kehar Singh Vs Delhi Administration 1984
Kehar Singh was accused of taking part in the murder of Indira Gandhi. Though the death sentence was upheld by the Supreme Court, its accuracy has often been questioned.
Best Bakery Case 2006The controversial trial came to an end with the conviction of nine people. The case related to 14 deaths in an arson attack on the Best Bakery in Vadodara in 2002. A retrial was ordered in 2004 after a local court acquitted all 21 accused.
Indira Sawhney Vs Union of India 1992The Supreme Court upheld the implementation of recommendations made by the Mandal Commission. It also defined the "creamy layer" criteria and reiterated that the quota could not exceed 50 per cent.
St. Stephen's College Vs University of Delhi 1992The identity of St. Stephen's College as a minority-run institution was put under the scanner as it was receiving grant-in-aid from the Government. The court ruled that grants could not change the minority character of an institution.
S.R. BommaiVs Union of India 1994The case laid down the guidelines in proving a majority under Article 356. The recent Arjun Munda case judgement was also passed with reference to the Bommai case.
R. Rajagopal Vs State of Tamil Nadu 1994
The case decided that the right to privacy subsisted even if a matter became one of public record. The right to be let alone is part of personal liberty.
P.A. Inamdar Vs State of Maharashtra 2005
The Supreme Court stated that "neither the policy of reservation can be enforced by the state nor any quota of admissions be carved out in private educational institutions".
Sarla Mudgal Vs Union of India 1995
The Supreme Court held that a second marriage solemnised while the first existed was a punishable offence, though it did not become null and void.
Jamaat-e-Islami HindVsUnion of India1995
The association was banned for unlawful activities. But the decision was reversed due to lack of evidence.
Ministry of I&BVsCricket Association of Bengal1995
The case, which dealt with the broadcast of the Hero Cup, was the first tussle involving the telecast of an international event by a private broadcaster.
Vishaka Vs State of Rajasthan 1997
For the first time, sexual harassment, including sexually coloured remarks and physical contact, was explicitly and legally defined as an unwelcome sexual gesture. It stated that every instance of sexual harassment is a violation of fundamental rights.
Samatha Vs State of AP 1997
The Supreme Court said government land, tribal land, and forest land in scheduled areas could not be leased to non-tribals or private companies for mining or industrial operations. Such activity can only be done by tribal people or by a government undertaking.
Rupan Deol Bajaj Vs K. P. S. Gill1998
K.P.S. Gill, former chief of Punjab Police, was fined Rs 2.5 lakh in lieu of three months' rigorous imprisonment for slapping senior IAS officer Rupan Deol Bajaj on the posterior.
Representation of the People (Amendment) Act 2002
The judgement of a three-member Bench ordered candidates contesting elections to declare their assets and all criminal cases pending against them at the time of filing of nominations.
Tamil NaduVsSuhas Katti 2004
The first case involving conviction under the Information Technology Act, 2000, related to the posting of obscene messages on the Internet.
Om Prakash Vs Dil Bahar2006
In a severe deterrent to incidents of rape, the Supreme Court held that a rape accused could be convicted on the sole evidence of the victim, even if medical evidence did not prove rape
7 Landmark Court Cases In History That Made Way For New Laws In India
1. The Nirbhaya Case – Led to the change in the Juvenile Justice Act
The incident behind the nirbhaya case will held on 16th December 2012, a brutal gang rape. A 23 year old girl named Nirbhaya was raped in a bus by 6 people. The culprits include 5 adults and a juvenile aged 17. After the crime the criminals threw her body on to the road.
After the court proceedings the adults where sent to the jail for 10 years and the juvenile was sent to correctional facility for 3 years. During the trial period one of the adult criminal was found dead in jail.
But the judgement of the case will create a big shock on the people and they all are against it. There were protests to try him as an adult. This will make a replacement in the juvenile Justice Act, 2000. The age bar to be tried as an adult was lowered from 18 to 16 years
2. Shah Bano Begum vs Mohd Ahmed Khan – A win for secularism & Muslim women across the country
Shah Bano was a Muslim lady who was the mother of five and aged 62 when she was divorced by her husband, Mohd Ahmed Khan, in 1978. At that time she filed a case to get alimony but this was against Islamic customs. The government also supports the husband instead of the lady.
When considering the security and welfare of women the Supreme Court on the favour of the women, Shah Bano. So she gets maintenance under Section 125 of the Criminal Procedure Code.
This judgement now entitles all ex-Muslim wives to basic maintenance of 3 months from their ex-spouses, post which their care is handed over to their relatives or the WAKF board.
3. KM Nanvati vs State of Maharashtra – The death of jury trials
KM Nanavati was a naval officer. His wife is Sylvia. After their Marriage she had an affair with husband's friend, Prem Ahuja. On 27th April, 1959, Sylvia confessed to her husband about her relationship with Ahuja, but he did intend to marry her. Nanavati then dropped his wife and children off at the theatre and went to confront Prem Ahuja. He asked Ahuja that if he was willing to marry Sylvia & take care of the children. He refused, so Nanavati shot him.The intriguing story received a lot of media coverage and the jury was said to have been 'influenced' by it. Nanavati's connections with the influential families were also cited as reasons for the jury to rule in his favour.
The case then went to Bombay High Court, where the judge overruled the jury's verdict and found Nanavati guilty of murder, and sentenced him to life imprisonment. He was however pardoned 3 years later. The case threw light on the fact that a jury could be influenced, thereby abolishing the jury system.
4. Mary Roy vs State of Kerala – Daughters became equals
Mary Roy, mother of Arundhati Roy, makes a way to change the aspects of inheritance act. Her father passed away without leaving a will, then according to Travancore Christian Succession Act, 1092, if a man died without leaving a will for his daughter, she would not be entitled to anything. A son, however, would get the property.Mary Roy invoked Article 14 and she fights for getting equality in property rights. This fight was not just for herself, but for all Syrian Christian women. The Supreme Court ruled that the Indian Succession Act, 1925, be applied to Christians in Travancore and Cochin too.Through this Act both sons & daughters whose father was died before preparing a will get equal succession rights.5. Mathura – The Minor who brought about a major changeOn the night of 26th March, 1972, Mathura, a tribal girl, was called to the police station on account of her brother lodging a complaint against her boyfriend. The officers at the station raped her and then let her go. Mathura decided to file a rape case against the constables.
The Supreme Court, however, ruled in favour of the policemen assuming it was 'peaceful or consensual', stating that there were no signs of struggle on Mathura's body and that she did not raise any alarm. But Mathura said that they had threatened her into submission.
Leading cases that had given major changes in Indian legal system
1. Jury decision overturned by High Court (KM Nanavati v State of Maharashtra) – 1961
Hardly an open-and-shut case, the nature of the crime garnered media attention.
This case is notable for being the last case when a jury trial was held in India. KM Nanavati, a naval officer, murdered his wifes lover, Prem Ahuja. The jury ruled in favour of Nanavati and declared him not guilty which was eventually set aside by the Bombay High Court.
2. Amendment masquerades as law (IC Golaknath v State of Punjab) – 1967
Parliaments prevented from taking away individual rights.
In the highly famous case of Golaknath V State of Punjab in 1967 the Supreme Court ruled that Parliament could not curtail any of the Fundamental Rights of individuals mentioned in the Constitution. Parliaments overarching ambitions nipped in the bud (Keshavananda Bharti vs State of Kerala) 1973.
3. Elected representatives cannot be given the benefit of doubt
A highly notable case which introduced the concept of basic structure of the constitution of India and declared that those points decided as basic structure could not be amended by the Parliament. The case was triggered by the 42nd Amendment Act.
4. Beginning of the fall of Indira Gandhi (Indira Gandhi v Raj Narain) – 1975
The trigger that led to the imposition of emergency.
In this landmark case regarding election disputes, the primary issue was the validity of clause 4 of the 39th Amendment Act. The Supreme Court held clause 4 as unconstitutional and void on the ground that it was outright denial of the right to equality enshrined in Article 14. The Supreme Court also added the following features as "basic features" laid down in Keshavananda Bharti case – democracy, judicial review, rule of law and jurisdiction of Supreme Court under Article 32.
5. A step backward for India (ADM Jabalpur v Shivakant Shukla Case) – 1976
Widely considered a violation of Fundamental Rights.
In this landmark judgment, the Supreme Court declared that the rights of citizens to move the court for violation of Articles 14, 21 and 22 would remain suspended during emergencies. Triumph of individual liberty (Maneka Gandhi vs UOI) 1978.
6. Overlapping zones of laws rectified thanks to a writ petition
The case caused a huge uproar over the definition of Freedom of Speech. The court ruled that the procedure must be fair and the law must not violate other Fundamental Rights.
7. Parliament limited by itself (Minerva Mills v Union of India) – 1980
In this landmark judgment, the Supreme Court of India in 1980 strengthened the doctrine of the basic structure which was propounded earlier in the Keshavananda Bharti Case. Two changes which were made earlier by the 42nd Amendment Act were declared as null and void by the Supreme Court in this particular case.
8. Constitutional validity of individual rights upheld (Waman Rao v Union of India) – 1981
SC ruled that Parliament had transgressed its power of constitutional amendment.
This case was a landmark decision in the constitutional jurisprudence of India. This case has helped in determining a satisfactory method of addressing grievances pertaining to the violation of fundamental rights by creating a fine line of determination between the Acts prior to and after the Keshavananda Bharati case.
9. Maintenance lawsuit sets precedent (Mohd Ahmed Khan v Shah Bano Begum) – 1985
Shah Bano won the right to get alimony from her husband.
The petitioner challenged the Muslim personal law. The Supreme Court ruled in favour of Shah Bano and granted her alimony. Most favoured it as a secular judgment but it also invoked a strong reaction from the Muslim community, which felt that the judgment was an encroachment on Muslim Sharia law and hence led to the formation of the All India Muslim Personal Law Board in 1973.
10. MC Mehta v Union Of India – 1986
Mounting environment-related concerns.
A PIL filed by MC Mehta in 1986 enlarged the scope and ambit of Article 21 and Article 32 to include the right to healthy and pollution-free environment.
11. Reservation in central government jobs (Indra Sawhney v UOI November) – 1992
Attempt to correct historic injustices constitutionally.
The constitutional bench of the Supreme Court held in this matter that caste could be a factor for identifying backward classes.
12. Wrangle over Supreme Court judge appointments (Supreme Court Advocates-on-Record – Association and another versus Union of India) – 1993
The National Judicial Appointments Commission Act and Constitutional amendment Act passed in 2014 aimed at replacing the collegium system of appointing Supreme Court judges. The act was struck down as unconstitutionalby the Supreme Court in October 2015.
13. Power of Presidents Rule curtailed (SR Bommai v Union of India) – 1994
Persecution of state governments stalled.
This landmark case had major implications on Center-State relations. Post this case the Supreme Court clearly detailed the limitations within which Article 356 has to function.
14. Scam-tainted politicians – 1997
The Jain Hawala case exposed bigwigs.
The Hawala scandal was an Indian political scandal involving payments allegedly received by politicians through four hawala brokers, the Jain brothers. In 1991, an arrest linked to militants in Kashmir led to a raid on hawala brokers, revealing evidence of large-scale payments to national politicians. The prosecution that followed was partly prompted by a public interest litigation. Many were acquitted, partly because the hawala records (including diaries) were judged in court to be inadequate as the main evidence. The high court decreed that the CBI had not brought on record any material which could be converted into legally admissible evidence.
15. Foundation for a female workforce (Vishaka v State of Rajasthan) – 1997
Definition of sexual harrassment and guidelines to deal with it laid down.
In this case Vishakha and other women groups filed a Public Interest Litigation (PIL) against State of Rajasthan and Union of India to enforce fundamental rights for working women under Articles 14, 19 and 21 of the Constitution. This resulted in the introduction of Vishaka Guidelines. The judgment of August 1997 also provided basic definitions of sexual harassment at the workplace and provided guidelines to deal with it. Hence the importance of the case as a landmark judgment.
16. Afzal Gurus death sentence sparked protests – 2002
Awarded death sentence for role in 2001 Parliament attacks.
Afzal Guru was sentenced to death on February 2013 for his role in the December 2001 attacks on the Indian Parliament. The judgment faced widespread criticism on three grounds – lack of proper defense, lack of primary evidence and judgment based on collective conscience rather than rule of law.
17. Justice deferred in Best Bakery case – 2003
Miscarriage of justice as a large number of witnesses turn hostile.
The Best Bakery was burned down, killing 14 people on March 1, 2002 as part of the 2002 Gujarat violence. The Supreme court, in a rarest of rare case, ordered a re-trial outside of Gujarat in which nine out of the seventeen accused were convicted by a special court in Mumbai in 2006.
18. State of Tamil Nadu V Suhas Katti – November 2004
Short conviction time of seven months.
This was notable for being the first case involving conviction under the Information Technology Act, 2000. A family friend of a divorced woman was accused of posting her number online on messenger groups which led to her being harassed by multiple lewd messages. The accused was later convicted and sentenced.
19. Rameshwar Prasad v Union Of India – 2005
Dissolution of Bihar Assembly unwarranted.
In this case, the petitioner challenged the constitutional validity of a notification which ordered dissolution of the legislative Assembly of the state of Bihar. The dissolution had been ordered on the ground that attempts were being made to cobble a majority by illegal means and lay claim to form the government in the state which if continued would lead to tampering with constitutional provisions. The Supreme Court held that the aforementioned notification was unconstitutional.
20. Victims of sexual assault or not? (Om Prakash v Dil Bahar) – 2006
Controversial ruling had many opponents.
The Supreme Court in the above case declared that a rape accused could be convicted on the sole evidence of the victim in spite of medical evidence not proving that it was rape.
21. Priyadarshini Mattoo case – October 2006
14-year-old fight for justice gets results.
In this matter the Supreme Court had commuted the death sentence awarded to prime accused Santosh Singh (son of former IPS officer), to life imprisonment for the rape and murder of the 23-year-old law student, Priyadarshini Mattoo.
22. Jessica Lal Murder Case – December 2006
Civil society makes big gains.
A model in New Delhi working as a bartender was shot dead and the prime accused Manu Sharma, son of Congress MP Vinod Sharma who was initially acquitted in February 2006 was later sentenced to life imprisonment in December 2006 by a fast track hearing by the Delhi High Court. On 19 April 2010, the Supreme Court of India approved the sentence.
23. Sanjay Dutt plays prisoner in real life – 2007
Conviction under TADA changed under milder Arms Act.
Well-known actor Sanjay Dutt was sentenced to five year imprisonment by the Supreme Court for illegal weapons possession in a case linked to the 1993 serial blasts in Mumbai. The Supreme Court also cited that the circumstances and nature of offence were too serious for the 53-year-old actor to be released on probation.
24. Nithari serial murders – 2009
Koli was served with multiple death sentences.
A Special Sessions Court awarded death sentence in 2009 to Surinder Koli and Moninder Singh Pandher for the murder of a 14-year-old girl. The murders believed to have been committed through 2006 involved instances of cannibalism. Pandher was later acquitted by the Allahabad High Court and was released on bail but Koli's death sentence was upheld by both the High Court as well as the Supreme Court.
25. Aarushi Talwar murder – 2008
Verdict delivered under unusual circumstances.
A case which received heavy media attention involved the double murder of 14-year-old Aarushi Talwar and her 45-year-old domestic help in Noida. After five years a Sessions court convicted both her parents Rajesh and Nupur Talwar and sentenced them to life imprisonment.
26. Section 377 case (Naz Foundation v Govt of NCT of Delhi) – July 2009
Cause for rejoicing for homosexuals.
In 2009 the Supreme Court declared Section 377 of the Indian Penal Code, 1860 as unconstitutional. The said section earlier criminalised sexual activities "against the order of nature" which included homosexual acts. This judgment however, was overturned by the Supreme in December, 2013.
27. Meagre closure for controversial Ayodhya (Ayodhya Ram Mandir Babri Masjid Case) – September 2010
Ruled that the land was to be divided into three parts.
The high court of Allahabad had ruled that the disputed land in Ayodhya where the Babri Masjid was situated before it was demolished in 1992 shall be divided into three parts. Two-thirds of the land was to be awarded to the Hindu plaintiffs and one-third to the Sunni muslim Waqf board.
28. Child sexual assault not to be taken lightly – 2011
Punishment not enough for child abusers.
The Supreme Court restored the conviction and sentence of six-year rigorous imprisonment imposed on two British nationals who were acquitted by the Bombay High Court in a paedophilia case. The Bench directed the accused to serve the remaining period of sentence. In a landmark judgment the Supreme Court observed "Children are the greatest gift to humanity. The sexual abuse of children is one of the most heinous crimes".
29. Vodafones name cleared in tax battle (Vodafone-Hutchison tax case) – January 2012
Landmark decision on taxability of offshore transactions.
The Supreme Court ruled in favour of Vodafone in the two-billion-dollar tax case citing that capital gains tax is not applicable to the telecom major. The apex court also said that the Rs 2,500 crore which Vodafone had already paid should be returned with interest.
30. Clean chit to Prime Minister Narendra Modi – 2012
Questions remains and victims of families yet to get closure.
In April 2012 the Supreme Court appointed Special investigation Team (SIT) gave current Prime Minister Narendra Modi a clean chit in the post-Godhra Gulberg massacre case citing that it found no evidence against him. Narendra Modi went on to become the Prime Minister of India with a huge mandate.
31. Mohd Ajmal Amir Kasab v State of Maharashtra – 2012
One of the most high-profile executions in the country.
The Supreme Court observed that the acts on November 26, 2008, had shaken the collective conscience of Indian citizens and had confirmed the death sentence awarded to prime accused Ajmal Kasab by the trial court and affirmed by the Bombay High Court, for waging war against India.
32. NOTA Judgment – 2013
The right to reject candidates formalised.
In 2013, the Supreme Court introduced negative voting as an option for the country's electorate. According to this judgment an individual would have the option of not voting for any candidate (None-Of-The-Above) if they don't find any of the candidates worthy.
33. Patent troubles of Pharma company Novartis (Novartis v Union of India & Others) – 2013
Case accused of dealing a death blow to innovation in medicine.
Novartis' application which covered a beta crystalline form of imatinib, a medicine the company brands as Glivec, which is very effective against chronic myeloid leukaemia (a common form of cancer) was denied patent protection by the Intellectual Property Appellate Board. The Supreme Court in its ruling upheld the board's decision which eventually led to the medicine being made available to the general public at a much lower cost.
34. Illegalising convicted MPs and MLAs (Lily Thomas v Union Of India) – July 2013
Effected much-needed cleansing of legislative bodies.
The Supreme Court of India, in this judgment, ruled that any member of Parliament (MP), member of the legislative assembly (MLA) or member of a legislative council (MLC) who was convicted of a crime and awarded a minimum of two-year imprisonment, would lose membership of the House with immediate effect.
35. Uphaar fire tragedy (Sushil Ansal vs State Thr Cbi) – March 2014
Split judgment couldnt reach a decision on sentencing.
August 2015: Eighteen years after 59 people were killed in a fire in Delhi's Uphaar cinema, the Supreme Court held that the prime accused did not necessarily need to go back to jail as they were fairly aged. The court further held that "ends of justice would meet" if the accused paid Rs 30 crore each as fine.
36. Nirbhaya case shook the nation – March 2014
Judiciary spurred into action and laws were strengthened for sex offenders.
Four out of the five accused in the horrific gang-rape case of Nirbhaya were convicted and given the death sentence. The case also resulted in the introduction of the Criminal Law (Amendment) Act, 2013 which provides for the amendment of the definition of rape under Indian Penal Code, 1860; Code of Criminal Procedures, 1973; the Indian Evidence Act, 1872 and the Protection of Children from Sexual Offences Act, 2012.
Also Read: Indian Council for Enviro-Legal Action v. Union of India: Polluter Pays
37. Recognising the Third gender (National Legal Services Authority v Union of India) – April 2014
Third gender acknowledged as citizens with rights.
In a landmark judgment the Supreme Court in April, 2014 recognised transgender persons as a third gender and ordered the government to treat them as minorities and extend reservations in jobs, education and other amenities.
38. Section 66A revised (Shreya Singhal v Union of India) – March 2015


text:
Overwhelming dislike (?)
Achint Kaur, Gulshan Grover, Ishrat Ali, Jimmy Sheirgill, Kiran Kumar, Leander Paes, Mukesh Rishi, Priyanshu Chatterjee, Puja Bose, Sayali Bhagat, Shilpa Shukla, Sudhanshu Pandey
Ashok Kohli
Bad writing comes in the way of anything that might seem remotely gripping. Leander just served a double fault. He has made a wrong career move, that too with the wrong debut vehicle.
Vinayak Chakravorty
...has a thought-provoking premise but the execution fails miserably.
Renuka Vyavahare
...has its moments, but they are few and far between.
Decent plot let down by a half-baked script, poor staging and a terrible lead in Leander Paes.
Sudhish Kamath
Debutant filmmaker Ashok Kohli intends on making a socio-political drama but with the lack of even the basic filmmaking skills, he fails to bring out any aspect of his set theme. Instead his movie turns into a long tedious tirade which literally numbs your brains.
Mansha Rastogi
...a mishmash of comic characters, disjointed sequences and banal screenplay.
Arun Janardhan
A lack of vision and a clearly confused screenplay leaves with us an experience that simply isn't worth it.
Fatema Kagalwala
Indian Entertainment Online
If good motives alone never made good movies, then we better not try to gauge the motive behind this film. By that logic, Rajdhani Express can easily lay claim to be one of the worst films of 2013.
Shakti Shetty
Someone has convinced Leander Paes that he can act, and that someone has clearly done a great job, because if he/she hadn't, this film wouldn't have been made.
...may be the year's first release but it is already in the running for the worst film of the year. Or ever.
Karan Anshuman
...emerges as a highly confused venture and doesn't succeed in establishing a connect with the audience at any point.
Rohit Vats
Rajdhani Express derails long before it reaches its final destination. It leaves viewers with many perplexing questions and no definite answers.
Suhani Singh
This Rajdhani Express derails even before it starts.
Swati Rohatgi
...could be such a fatal blow to your collective consciousness that you'd want to recommend the film to your worst enemies and seek comfort in the fact that they are going to be irreparably traumatised.
Ankur Pathak
This train never leaves the station!

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


31st may is the counting date for Chengannur bye-polls and result will be available through election commission official website. all leading channels, online portals etc are ready for publishing the results of chenganoor election. we can watch result analysis, special discussions, debates etc through asianet news, manorama news, mathrubhoomi news, media one tv, kairali people tv, mangalam tv, news18 keralam etc. Saji cherian is the candidate of left democratic front, D. Vijayakumar of UDF and PS Sreedharan Pillai as NDA candidate. Political kerala is eagerly waiting for the triangular competition results of chengannoor.
Adv. K.K Rramachandran Nair Of (Communist Party Of India (Marxist)) Was the winner, he bagged 52880 votes in 2016 assembly elections. His death leads into 2018 Chengannur bye-polls. Saji cherian of CPI(M) is the LDF candidate this time.
P.C Vishnunath of INC (Indian National Congress) was the UDF Candidate and He earned 44897 Votes.
we will post the margin details, leading contestant name, booth wise vote share etc here after starting the counting.asianet news is the most popular malayalam news channel, during election time majority of keralites watching asianet news for the result. live streaming of asianet news will be available through youtube. you can check the official youtube channel of asianet news for 2018 Chengannur Assembly Election Result live. trend.kerala.gov.in was used to check the results live, checking online portals, official website of election commission etc are some of the same. you can also get election result through mobile phone.


A contested divorce is when the spouses do not agree on how to resolve the issues that are necessary to terminate a marriage. Often, divorcing spouses find it difficult to agree on issues such child custody, allocated parental responsibilities, child support, parenting time, asset distribution, debt allocation, maintenance (formerly alimony), property division, and temporary spousal support.
With Susan's assistance, clients find it easier to reach an agreement. When agreement is not possible, depending upon the unresolved issues, the Court may appoint a Mediator to assist with parenting matters. If mediation fails, the Court may also appoint a Guardian ad Litem to assist with parenting issues. If settlement is still not reached, it becomes the courts duty to adjudicate the disputes. Susan guides her clients through the process and lets them know what to expect each step of the way.
In the case of an uncontested divorce or a simple divorce, spouses are able to agree on all issues necessary in order to terminate the marriage. This means that all the legal issues are resolved. This does not necessarily mean that the divorce was amicable. Sometimes spouses simply agree to disagree and to put the past behind them.
An uncontested divorce does not necessarily mean that each spouse is happy with the terms of the agreement. An uncontested divorce does mean that spouses have chosen to reach an agreement themselves and without the Court's involvement, without the Court making decisions that will affect the parties, and without unnecessary expense.
There are many reasons why spouses choose an uncontested divorce: Speed, ease, simplicity, convenience, privacy and cost. Most parties to an uncontested divorce do hire a lawyer to assist with the process. Susan is an experienced attorney who knows what documents and information the Court requires in order to obtain a divorce.
Divorce can be stressful and the dynamics between divorcing spouses can go from good to bad or somewhere in between in the matter of minutes. The emotional stress, the highs and lows from day to day, can take a toll on the decisions divorcing spouses make. Susan will look out for your best interests, advise you as to your legal rights and options, and work with you to keep matters from escalating out of control. It does not matter whether you are the spouse who wants the divorce or the spouse who does not, Susan will listen to your concerns, guide you through the divorce process and let you know what to expect during it.


text:
package flow.twist;

import static java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit.HOURS;
import static java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS;
import static java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit.MINUTES;
import static java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit.SECONDS;

import java.io.BufferedWriter;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileWriter;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.lang.management.ManagementFactory;
import java.lang.management.MemoryMXBean;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Set;

import com.google.common.base.Predicate;
import com.google.common.base.Stopwatch;
import com.google.common.collect.Iterables;
import com.google.common.collect.Maps;
import com.google.common.collect.Sets;

import flow.twist.config.AnalysisContext;
import flow.twist.path.Path;
import flow.twist.reporter.Report;

public class AnalysisReporting {

	public static File directory = new File("results");
	private static Stopwatch init;
	private static List<String> sootArgs;
	private static Stopwatch analysis;
	private static Map<Object, IfdsData> solverData;
	private static Map<AnalysisContext, IfdsData> ifdsContextData;
	private static Map<Report, ReportData> reports;
	private static Stopwatch combinedPaths;
	private static Set<Path> createdCombinedPaths;
	private static String statsFile = getStatsFileName();

	private static void reset() {
		analysis = new Stopwatch();
		solverData = Maps.newHashMap();
		ifdsContextData = Maps.newHashMap();
		reports = Maps.newHashMap();
		combinedPaths = new Stopwatch();
		createdCombinedPaths = Sets.newHashSet();
	}

	private static String getStatsFileName() {
		return "stats.csv";
	}

	public static void setSootArgs(List<String> sootArgs) {
		init = new Stopwatch();
		init.start();
		AnalysisReporting.sootArgs = sootArgs;
	}

	public static void analysisStarted() {
		if (init.isRunning())
			init.stop();
		reset();
		analysis.start();
	}

	public static void analysisFinished() {
		analysis.stop();

		directory.mkdirs();
		writeGeneralInfoFile();
		writeSemiPaths();
		writeValidPaths();
		writeStatistics();
	}

	public static void ifdsStarting(AnalysisContext context, Object solver) {
		if (!solverData.containsKey(solver)) {
			IfdsData data = new IfdsData();
			data.watch.start();
			solverData.put(solver, data);
		}

		{
			IfdsData data = new IfdsData();
			data.watch.start();
			ifdsContextData.put(context, data);
		}
	}

	public static void ifdsFinished(AnalysisContext context, Object solver, int propagations) {
		{
			IfdsData data = solverData.get(solver);
			if (data.watch.isRunning()) {
				data.watch.stop();
				data.solver = solver;
				data.propagations += propagations;
			}
		}
		{
			IfdsData data = ifdsContextData.get(context);
			data.solver = solver;
			data.watch.stop();
			data.propagations = propagations;

			System.out.println("IFDS finished (" + context.direction + ") in: " + format(data.watch.elapsed(MILLISECONDS)) + " and " + propagations
					+ " propagations.");
		}
	}

	public static void startingPathsFor(Report report) {
		ReportData data = new ReportData();
		reports.put(report, data);
		data.watch.start();
	}

	public static void finishedPathsFor(Report report, Collection<Path> paths) {
		ReportData data = reports.get(report);
		data.watch.stop();
		data.paths = paths;
	}

	public static void combinedPathsStarting() {
		combinedPaths.start();
	}

	public static void combinedPathsFinished(Set<Path> validPaths) {
		combinedPaths.stop();
		createdCombinedPaths = validPaths;
	}

	private static void writeStatistics() {
		try {
			BufferedWriter writer = new BufferedWriter(new FileWriter(new File(directory, statsFile), true));
			writer.write(String.valueOf(getMaxHeapSize()));
			writer.write(";");
			writer.write(String.valueOf(analysis.elapsed(MILLISECONDS)));
			writer.write(";");
			writer.write(String.valueOf(init.elapsed(MILLISECONDS)));
			writer.write(";");
			writer.write(String.valueOf(totalIfds()));
			writer.write(";");
			writer.write(String.valueOf(totalPathCreation()));
			writer.write(";");
			writer.write(String.valueOf(combinedPaths.elapsed(MILLISECONDS)));
			writer.write("\n");
			writer.close();
		} catch (IOException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}

	}

	private static long getMaxHeapSize() {
		MemoryMXBean memoryBean = ManagementFactory.getMemoryMXBean();
		return memoryBean.getHeapMemoryUsage().getMax();
	}

	private static void writeGeneralInfoFile() {
		try {
			BufferedWriter writer = new BufferedWriter(new FileWriter(new File(directory, "stats.txt")));

			writer.write("========================================\n");
			write(writer, "Soot Initialization", format(init.elapsed(MILLISECONDS)));
			write(writer, "Analysis duration", format(analysis.elapsed(MILLISECONDS)));
			write(writer, "IFDS duration", format(totalIfds()));
			write(writer, "Semi-Path creation", format(totalPathCreation()));
			write(writer, "Combined Paths", format(combinedPaths.elapsed(MILLISECONDS)));
			writer.write("========================================\n");
			write(writer, "IFDS Propagations", totalIFdsPropagations());
			write(writer, "Reports", reports.size());
			write(writer, "Semi-Paths", totalSemiPaths(reports.keySet()));
			write(writer, "Combined Paths", createdCombinedPaths.size());
			writer.write("========================================\n");

			writer.write("Soot Arguments:\n");
			for (String arg : sootArgs) {
				writer.write("\t");
				writer.write(arg);
				writer.write("\n");
			}

			for (AnalysisContext context : ifdsContextData.keySet()) {
				writer.write("========================================\n");
				IfdsData data = ifdsContextData.get(context);
				write(writer, "Solver", data.solver.getClass().getSimpleName());
				writer.write(context.toString());
				write(writer, "Duration", format(data.watch.elapsed(MILLISECONDS)));
				write(writer, "Propagations", data.propagations);
				write(writer, "Reports", Iterables.size(reports(context)));
				write(writer, "Semi-Paths", totalSemiPaths(reports(context)));
			}

			writer.close();
		} catch (IOException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}

	private static void writeSemiPaths() {
		try {
			BufferedWriter writer = new BufferedWriter(new FileWriter(new File(directory, "semi-paths.txt")));
			for (ReportData data : reports.values()) {
				for (Path path : data.paths) {
					writer.write(path.toContextAwareString());
					writer.write("\n\n=========================================\n\n");
				}
			}
			writer.close();
		} catch (IOException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}

	private static void writeValidPaths() {
		try {
			BufferedWriter writer = new BufferedWriter(new FileWriter(new File(directory, "combined-paths.txt")));
			for (Path path : createdCombinedPaths) {
				writer.write(path.toContextAwareString());
				writer.write("\n\n=========================================\n\n");
			}
			writer.close();
		} catch (IOException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}

	private static void write(BufferedWriter writer, String label, Object value) throws IOException {
		writer.write(String.format("%-25s %s\n", label + ":", String.valueOf(value)));
	}

	private static Iterable<Report> reports(final AnalysisContext context) {
		return Iterables.filter(reports.keySet(), new Predicate<Report>() {
			@Override
			public boolean apply(Report report) {
				return report.context == context;
			}
		});
	}

	private static int totalSemiPaths(Iterable<Report> _reports) {
		int result = 0;
		for (Report report : _reports) {
			ReportData data = reports.get(report);
			result += data.paths.size();
		}
		return result;
	}

	private static int totalIFdsPropagations() {
		int result = 0;
		for (IfdsData data : solverData.values()) {
			result += data.propagations;
		}
		return result;
	}

	private static long totalPathCreation() {
		long result = 0;
		for (ReportData data : reports.values()) {
			result += data.watch.elapsed(MILLISECONDS);
		}
		return result;
	}

	private static String format(long millis) {
		long h = MILLISECONDS.toHours(millis);
		millis -= HOURS.toMillis(h);

		long m = MILLISECONDS.toMinutes(millis);
		millis -= MINUTES.toMillis(m);

		long s = MILLISECONDS.toSeconds(millis);
		millis -= SECONDS.toMillis(s);

		return String.format("%02d:%02d:%02d,%03d", h, m, s, millis);
	}

	private static long totalIfds() {
		long result = 0;
		for (IfdsData data : solverData.values()) {
			result += data.watch.elapsed(MILLISECONDS);
		}
		return result;
	}

	private static class IfdsData {
		private Object solver;
		private Stopwatch watch = new Stopwatch();
		private int propagations;
	}

	private static class ReportData {
		private Collection<Path> paths;
		private Stopwatch watch = new Stopwatch();
	}
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Former President John Dramani Mahama has asserted that patriotism, which in the past was a dominant trait among Ghanaians has become deficient in recent times.
He made the remarks at a lecture to open the National Democratic Congress' Institute of Social Democracy at the party's headquarters in Accra on Friday.
In the view of the former president, people now think about their families first and relegate national issues that require patriotism to the background. "…Nationalism and patriotism have become very deficient in Ghana today.
He also disputed claims that the Institute was set up to brainwash people adding, "Contrary to widespread perception, institutes like this are not institutes for indoctrinating people.
"If you look at the curriculum of the ideological institute, it contains programmes of leadership, how to lead in a community, it contains programmes of party activism, it also contain programmes of community self-help, it contains programmes of nationalism, patriotism – how to be patriotic to your country," he added.


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text:
Bernhard Varen (Hitzacker, Baixa Saxónia, 1622 – Camboja, 1650), mais conhecido por Bernhardus Varenius, a versão latinizada do seu nome, e por Bernardo Varenius ou Bernardo Varénio na literatura lusófona, foi  um pioneiro do moderno estudo da Geografia cujos trabalhos popularizaram o estudo da corografia e a publicação de estudos sobre a geografia local, em geral associados a uma descrição histórica das localidades e regiões estudadas. Apesar de ter falecido com apenas 28 anos de idade, os seus trabalhos constituíram um marco fundamental na génese da moderna geografia científica, da qual é considerado o fundador, por ter introduzido o estudo da conexão causal entre as características geográficas de cada região de acordo com uma sistemática previamente traçada.

Biografia

Bernhard Varen, mais conhecido pela versão latinizada do seu nome como Bernardus Varenius, nasceu em Hitzacker, Hannover, Alemanha, em 1622. Depois de cursar Medicina e humanidades, apaixonou-se pelo estudo da geografia e dedicou-se ao seu estudo, do qual resultou a publicação do tratado Descriptio regni Japoniae (1649), uma descrição do reino do Japão baseado nas crónicas de viajantes árabes e holandeses.

Este pequeno manual foi uma antecipação do grande livro de Varenius, que se publicaria em 1650, pouco antes do seu falecimento, também pela editora de Elzewir, a que deu o título de Geografía geral ou, como realmente se intitula, Geographia Generalis in qua affectiones generales telluris explicantur. Este livro teve grande êxito e difusão, apesar da sua difícil leitura e do seu barroquismo e foi traduzido para inglês, francês, holandês e russo. Newton publicou em Cambridge duas edições, em 1672 e 1681.

Ao contrário de outros autores da época, que se limitavam a realizar descrições de diversos países nas quais integravam informações geográficas, históricas e sociais, Varenius considerou a geografia como uma disciplina independente com fins e métodos próprios, ocupando-se das características e propriedades da Terra com o objectivo de delimitar e descrever as regiões terrestres e a sua personalidade política. Na sua conceptualização da geografia estabeleceu a divisão do seu campo de estudo em dois ramos básicos: geografia geral ou universal, de carácter sistemático, cujo objecto seriam os factos e fenómenos relativos à Terra no seu conjunto; e geografia especial ou corografia, em boa parte equivalente à actual geografia regional.

A geografia geral de Varenius tem como principal conteúdo o estudo da geografia astronómica ou matemática e da geografia física, de conteúdo analítico, que se desenvolve em três partes: a parte absoluta abarca as características físicas da Terra, a sua geografia física; a parte relativa ocupa-se dos efeitos da latitude geográfica ou situação sideral nos fenómenos terrestres; e a parte comparativa trata de distâncias, áreas e da elaboração de globos e mapas à escala. Como resultado da intensa vida marítima e tráfico do porto de Amesterdão, a Geografia geral de Varenius inclui vários capítulos de náutica.

Na sua obra, a grande novidade é a parte de conteúdo astronómico e matemático, sendo que é o primeiro tratado em que se conjugam as ideias de Copérnico, Galileu e Kepler. Contudo, o que lhe dá o seu máximo interesse é o estudo sistematizado e analítico da geografia geral física, com tal desenvolvimento que qualifica Varenius como fundador da geografia física. Entre as suas muitas inovações, importa citar os capítulos dedicados à climatologia, nos quais recolhe dados dos diários de viagem de Willem Barents, dados referentes às águas marítimas (de oceani partitione per terras, propietatibus, motibus), que têm valor de antologia, e algumas considerações morfológicas com referência à zona que conhecia.

A Geografia geral, para além do seu conteúdo próprio, inclui no seu capítulo introdutório a sistemática do seu autor no que respeita à ''geografia especial''. as condicionantes que afectam a geografia de um país, ou ''geografia especial, são agrupadas por Varenius em três classes: (1) affectiones celestes, o condicionates geográficos determinadas pelo movimento aparente do Sol e insolação (climatologia); (2) affectiones terrestres, as condicionantes que resultam da geografia física, real e tangível, de um país; e (3) affectiones humanae, que afectam a população, considerada no seu duplo aspecto, e as circunstâncias derivadas da actividade humana. Esta sistematização, que Varenius utiliza na geografia especial e na sua Descriptio regni Japoniae, foi também aplicada à geografia analítica ou geral, de conteúdo mais alargado. Em consequência acabou por introduzir a divisão da geografia geral em astronómica ou matemática, física e humana.

Bernardo Varenio, cuja morte prematura o impediu de redigir a geografia especial que devia completar as suas investigação, faleceu em 1650 ou 1651 em Leiden, Países Baixos.

 Margret Schuchard (ed), Bernhard Varenius (1622-1650) (Leiden, Brill, 2007), xxiv, 346 pp. (Brill's Studies in Intellectual History, 159).

Geógrafos da Alemanha

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Like wearing gloves to a cocktail party, the standard rectangular business card has had its day, at least in some industries. Instead, odd-shaped cards that stand out are breathing new life into the old business convention.
People who want to make a statement with their cards are getting creative. The owner of a business development firm hands out a version of a Rubik's cube with his name on it. A security-training firm's card is metal and contains lock-picking tools. From odd sizes such as trapezoids to surprising materials like plastic, these unusual marketing tools have one thing in common: the attempt to make the recipient remember the person handing them out.
Although some are irritated by smaller than usual cards or cards so thick they won't fit into a wallet, proponents of the oddball leave-behinds claim that most receiving the cards hold onto them, which is, of course, the point.
Cultures outside of the U.S. and some industries such as law and finance show no signs of giving up the traditional rectangle, and experts warn young job seekers to stick to the standard.
Americans are not happy, at least at work, according to a new survey conducted by Mental Health America. The research found that fewer than one-third of U.S. workers say they are happy in their jobs, costing American businesses billions of dollars in productivity.
The results from the survey, which measured attitudes of over 17,000 employees, found that only 25 percent of workers felt they were adequately paid. Seventy percent were actively seeking new employment. Other reasons for worker misery included insufficient recognition, tight deadlines, cranky colleagues, and demanding bosses.
The key factors that influenced happiness were perks and flexible workplaces. Of those employees who reported being happy at work, 52 percent said they had flexible arrangements, and three-fourths noted a relaxed work environment. In a surprising finding, happy employees preferred professional recognition over salary.
The industries with the worst records for having happy employees included manufacturing, retail, and food and beverage. The industries with the best records were healthcare, financial services, and non-profits.
With 90 percent of employers using LinkedIn to find and vet new employees, it pays to keep your LinkedIn bio updated. Below are some tips geared to catch an employer's eye.
Personalize messages to unknown new contacts.
Hit the right tone by adding personality to your bio.
Avoid rehashing your résumé as a narrative.
Update often with examples of work.
This entry was posted in 1. The Scoop on March 19, 2018 by bizcombuzz.


This week, we continue our long tradition of featuring great musical artists with Oklahoma roots as we welcome an incredibly gifted Americana artist, John Moreland, to the eTown stage. Also with us is up-and-coming singer/songwriter and multi-instrumentalist Phoebe Hunt. Plus, we'll hear a great eChievement Award story about a California woman's program to help women transition from prison to a productive life.


The TED stage has, for better or worse, become a throne on which our society anoints its intellectual royalty. But Raffaello D'Andrea deserves your attention. At last month's TED conference, he inspired genuine wonder with an 11-minute presentation on "the dazzling flying machines of the future"—that is, drones. His "performers" ranged from an airborne marvel with one moving part, to an eight-propeller juggernaut that could move in any direction it pleased.
D'Andrea, a professor at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zurich) and the founder of the automation startup Verity Studios, has been experimenting with robots since the '90s. After studying Engineering Science at the University of Toronto and Systems and Control at Caltech, he became a professor at Cornell, where he not only cofounded the university's systems engineering program, but established himself as a dominating presence at RoboCup, the international robot soccer competition. D'Andrea led the university's team to an unprecedented four world championships. He later launched Kiva Systems, a robotics company that was bought by Amazon for $775 million in 2012. Now called Amazon Robotics, the company helps automate much of the company's distribution system.
Today, D'Andrea remains obsessed with objects in motion—though the devices he's known for are decidedly innocuous. Since its formation in 2008, his research lab at ETH has produced, among other things, a robotic chair that falls apart and puts itself together again; and Cubli—a small, metallic cube (pictured above) that can tip itself onto a corner and stay there. By 2009, however, D'Andrea's attention has shifted skyward."The technology had finally caught up to what I dreamed it could do," he says. It was finally time to experiment with drones.
In 2009, the ETH lab demonstrated its "Distributed Flight Array," in which groups of hexagonal drones moved as one, seeming to communicate like birds in a flock. The group's "Flight Assembled Architecture" exhibit, at the FRAC Center in Orléans, France, starred a swarm of flying machines that assembled, brick-by-brick, a 20-foot-tall tower from 1,500 prefabricated polystyrene foam modules. In the "Flying Machine Arena," D'Andrea and his students debuted drones capable of high-speed flips, balancing objects, building more structures (like a rope bridge), and even playing paddle-ball.
D'Andrea's TED presentation, which you can watch in its entirety above, was a taste not only of his work's increasing sophistication and breadth, but of the varied and potential-rich future of drones. None of the prototypes D'Andrea presented on stage was manually controlled. Rather, each was pre-programmed (ETH and Verity built the hardware and software), and equipped with on-board sensors to determine its location in space.
The first drone, the Tail-Sitter, combines the efficiency of a fixed-wing aircraft and the maneuverability of a helicopter. Through a series of algorithms, D'Andrea's team taught it to recover from "disturbances"—an ability he demonstrated on stage by hurling the machine through the air. After each toss, the Tail-sitter would right itself and resume flying as though nothing had happened.
The second drone, a device D'Andrea calls the Monospinner, uses brains over brawn to account for a major handicap: It possesses just one propeller, and no other moving parts. D'Andrea's third creation, the Omnicopter, is the foil to the Monospinner; its eight propellers allow it to travel in any direction without changing where it's orientation, accounting for all possible axes and movements. A fourth invention, the Fully Redundant Multicopter, comprises two double-propeller flying machines joined at the middle to increase performance. A surprise advantage: if one half fails, the drone can stay aloft.
For his finale, D'Andrea presented not one drone, but a "Synthetic Swarm" of 33 tiny, coordinated micro-quadcopters fitted with LEDs, sophisticated programming, and sensors. As they glided soundlessly around the room, they resembled a troupe of twirling fireflies, artfully syncing their movement and lighting through astounding choreography.
D'Andrea's flying machines demo at TED.
D'Andrea says his final demonstration was a harbinger of where Verity, which now has 17 employees, is heading: Entertainment, which he sees not only as a lucrative drone business, but a way to ingratiate robotic flight to a skeptical public.


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Dopamine, Dubstep, & Dulcimers
A little while ago I happened across this link to a blogger's layman-oriented version of a scientific explanation of how music affects the brain and found it really interesting:
I seem to recall reading that exercise (e.g., dancing) has a similar effect, so it would make sense that -- between the music and the dance -- when we talk about a "natural high" from contra, it's not entirely a metaphor. The more interesting part, though, would be to take it one step further and start looking at why it is that, "Even though music enjoyment is entirely subjective and intertwined with cultural and personal experience, the chemical effects remain the same."
For the record, I really, really like that line from the video. The cool thing about it is that in some ways, the "high" some of us get from techno contra is chemically the same as the one we get from "traditional" contra. I find that really interesting given that many people would characterize them as different sorts of activities (even though they are more closely related than, say, ballet and this guy's style).


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Quest Track
Skorn
Currently a member of: Quest Team
Great were the magicks and mighty were the battles during the wars between the High Elves and High Drow. Engines of destruction and massive armies fought battles the sight of which have not been seen since. It was during these times, that a young High Elven commander, a direct descendant of Adrial Skythain, came upon a young Drow woman bereft of her kin and thus was the Realm of Midgaardia forever changed.
Sickened by the massacres being commited, the atrocities rationalized and all of the gruesome slaughter of wartime, this young commander, who's name has been lost to the sands of time, took pity upon the Drow woman before him and sheltered her from the ravages of the Elven armies. For a week they stayed hidden in the caverns of Reveria V'alsi, stealing food from the many storehouses of the High Drow, ever watchful for patrolling bands from either army. During this time, the young Drow woman, ever hateful of the other races of Midgaardia, began a campaign to seduce this young and compassionate High Elf.
Sadly, the commander gave in to her subtle ploys and seductions and in a night of passion lost the first and only battle of this war, never having thought to put up a fight that might have saved pain for all of the Realm. At dawn of the next day, the commander awoke to find the young Drow gone, all of his equipment having been stolen and only one small sapphire left by his side.
Upon her abandonment of the young High Elf, Ma'laan Zy'terias, for that was her name, quickly sought refuge in the last bastions of the High Drow. She hastened to report her conquest of the guileless High Elf and offered appropriate sacrifices to her own ancestor, the Dark Queen Zydarielle. Soon enough, she had her answer and gave birth to a half-elf, half-drow son who's destiny was foretold in the entrails of a thousand dead elfs.
Skorn she called him, for that was all he would receive from the hands of his Kin, both elf and drow. The unholy union of Adrial Skythain's descendants and those of Zydarielle brought forth unto the realm a power who rose ascendant. Never would he find a place amongst either of his ancestor's races, forever would he be alone, forever would he be despised.
When the Drow were obliterated during the Second Giant-Ent War, Skorn stood apart and watched this destruction with a knowing grin. All of his hatred and bitterness at being ridiculed was now avenged. Forever would he be denied the true power of the Fae, but in it's absence, he found his own path to power. One that required a full knowledge of the lands and its people, his own unbending honor, a small appreciation for the truly ironic in life and above all else his abilities to bend the planes and realms of Avatar to his will.
In this, he had some assistance from an unlikely source. The Master of the Darkfire, Kariya, brought him forth from the masses of the magical and mighty and drew forth from him the last of his compassion and kindness. In unholy rites that stretched for months on end, Kariya baptized him in the Darkfire and drew forth solemn pledges to work for the betterment of the realm, at the sacrifice of a few mortal lives. To these ends Skorn works now, evermore to be at the beck and call of his Dark Master, never to know the kinship of the mortals, happy to be the cause of the slaughter.


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Non-Review Review: Jumanji – The Next Level
Posted on December 10, 2019 by Darren
Jumanji: The Next Level is a deeply weird and uneven film, but one that works much better than it really should.
To be fair, a lot of the more serious problems with The Next Level are the problems that face many blockbuster sequels. The film scales upwards from its predecessor, Jumanji: Welcome to the Jungle. Given than Welcome to the Jungle was already somewhat overstuffed, The Next Level is bursting at the seams. Not only does the film bring back the entire primary cast from the previous film and bulk up the material for characters in supporting roles, it also adds at least three new major actors to the cast and attempts to maintain the same setpiece-driven pacing that kept Welcome to the Jungle moving.
Game on.
However, this doesn't capture just how weird The Next Level allows itself to become. The film's final act features one of the most bizarre emotional pivots in recent memory – a plot resolution that includes a terminal cancer diagnosis, a flying horse and Awkwafina doing her best impression of Danny DeVito. This isn't even the primary plot. This is the pay-off to a secondary storyline that has, by this point in the narrative, been pushed into the background. None of this should work. Truth be told, it doesn't really work. However, it is strangely committed. The Next Level never wavers as its plot leads to these strange places.
Like Welcome to the Jungle before it, The Next Level benefits from a propulsive approach to storytelling. To dwell on any of its plot points or character beats or emotional pay-offs would invite madness, and so the film never really does. The Next Level never settles down long enough to let the audience really appreciate how surreal or unusual its framing of these conventional tropes actually is, because there's always something more to see or to do. The result is a messy and convoluted piece of blockbuster cinema that openly frays at the edges (and throughout), while holding together better than it should.
Solid as The Rock.
The Next Level is arguably two different Jumanji-adjacent projects that happen to unfold in parallel, for better and for worse. The first of those two projects is the straight-up sequel to Welcome to the Jungle, which focuses on the protagonists of the first movie after the events of their last adventure. Naturally, the kids have drifted apart after their time together, and a Christmas reunion pokes at long-simmering insecurities. Martha has gone off to college, leaving Spencer feeling insecure. In a funk, Spencer returns to the video game to try and rebuild some self-esteem, with catastrophic results.
The second Jumanji-related project that plays out within The Next Level is a silver-dollar friendly spin-off, which happens to focus on Spencer's grandfather Eddie and his former business partner Milo. This provides an excuse to involve veteran performers Danny DeVito and Danny Glover in the film. Naturally, Eddie and Milo eventually find themselves sucked into the game, and provide an inversion of the dynamic in Welcome to the Jungle. Whereas Spencer got to experience what it was like to grow up, Eddie gets to experience what it was like to be young once again.
Sands of time.
These two films are constantly at odds with one another within The Next Level. The bulk of the film's first two acts cast Eddie in the role of Doctor Smolder Bravestone, which is effectively an excuse for Dwayne Johnson to offer an endearingly committed impersonation of Danny DeVito. It's hardly the most elegant of comedic premises, but it's a smart enough riff on the original set-up. It helps that Johnson is one of the most endearing leading men working today, with his commitment to blatantly absurd material going a long way to sell films like Rampage.
However, The Next Level doesn't quite trust its old-mind-in-young-body premise to actually carry anything more than laughs. So while the first two acts tend to play up the comedy of errors with Eddie enjoying his ride in Bravestone's body, the climax inevitably offers something of a reset to the premise of Welcome to the Jungle. Through a convenient plot device, Spencer assumes control of Bravestone's body for the climax, offering a factory-settings reset to the dynamic of the original film.
Jumanji: The Previous Generation.
This is an odd choice, because that means that the film's third act feels more like a direct sequel to Welcome to the Jungle than a conclusion to The Next Level. This choice to switch lanes at the two-thirds mark also leads to various other inelegant plot machinations. Because the film plans to reset, it has to introduce more new characters within the game, such as the thief Ming Fleetfoot played by Awkwafina. Because the film needs to find something for its teenage cast to do while Eddie and Milo are in the game, it expands the role of Alex played by Colin Hanks in Welcome to the Jungle.
If all of this seems like a bit much, it really is. The Next Level spends so much time trying to straighten itself out, that there's little room for anything else. Of course, the film's ironic sense of humour means that it can get away with a very thinly-sketched world. The characters understand that they are in a video game, so the stakes and the plot don't actually matter. One of the film's best jokes is the clumsy addition of the villainous Jurgen the Brutal into Johnson's back story, which is primarily an excuse to have Johnson play Bravestone's father in a bad wig and dodgy moustache. It is mentioned maybe twice. At best.
Oh, (Jonas) brother.
This approach is both a blessing and curse. There is a sense that The Next Level gets away with as much as it does because it moves quickly. It never dwells on any of its ideas long enough for the audience to register how shallow it all is, or to grow to attached to a status quo that will inevitably be reset. Indeed, the film follows its ideas to some genuinely gonzo places, and only really gets away with that because it moves so quickly that it can trip over a few steps along the way without falling flat on its face. The resolution of Eddie and Milo's arc is one of the strangest things in recent blockbuster cinema.
However, there's also a sense in which trying to do so much so fast means that there's no investment in what's actually happening. The performers are largely game, especially Johnson-as-DeVito and Karen Gillan working with an expanded-but-perhaps-thankless role as veteran-slash-exposition machine, but the film constantly draws attention to its own absurdities in a way that is jarring. "Worst Bravestone ever," Fridge complains while watching Eddie flail around in Bravestone's body. The film doesn't trust the characters or the performance to communicate that, so has to resort to fourth-wall breaking exposition.
Video games killed the blockbuster star?
The Next Level doesn't work especially well, but it still works much better than it should. By all accounts, the film should collapse under the weight heaped up on. Instead, it only occasionally comes off the rails.
Filed under: Non-Review Reviews | Tagged: film, jumanji, jumanji: the next level, Movie, non-review review, review, sequel bloat, welcome to the jungle |
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Lesioni personali (Bodily Harm) è un romanzo della scrittrice canadese Margaret Atwood del 1981.

Storia editoriale
Il romanzo è simile, nella struttura, nello stile e nei contenuti, alla successiva opera Il racconto dell'ancella, della stessa autrice.

La storia narrata è una metafora della posizione della donna nella società: la protagonista deve dolorosamente raggiungere la libertà superando le coercizioni impostele dalla sua educazione patriarcale e moralista, relazioni svilenti e realtà misogine, dopo aver vissuto esperienze profondamente traumatizzanti e umilianti.

Trama
Rennie è una giornalista canadese specializzata in lifestyle; vive e lavora a Toronto e ha di recente subito una mastectomia e si è separata dal compagno Jake. Innamoratasi del chirurgo che l'ha operata, il dottor Daniel Luoma, già sposato, pur avendo iniziato con questi una relazione platonica, non riesce a distoglierlo dalla sua vocazione, dalla sua famiglia e avere con lui una relazione più profonda e sessuale. Un giorno, tornata a casa, scopre che la sua abitazione è stata visitata da uno sconosciuto che ha lasciato sul suo letto, quale inquietante minaccia, una corda. Spaventata, decide di lasciare la città per alcuni giorni e ottiene dalla rivista per la quale lavora, l'incarico di scrivere un articolo sull'isola caraibica di St. Antoine. Dovendo gestire un ridotto budget messole a disposizione dalla rivista, giunta sul luogo si trasferisce in un albergo di infima qualità. Sull'isola sono imminenti nuove elezioni politiche e lo storico primo ministro, Ellis, è dato per sicuro vincente, forte dell'appoggio economico del Canada e potendo contare sul sostegno della corrotta polizia locale. A Ellis si oppongono due politici, il dottor Minnow, già ministro del turismo di un precedente governo, e di Prince, vero outsider populista.

Rennie viene avvicinata da Minnow che, pensando voglia scrivere un articolo sulle prossime elezioni, la porta a visitare le zone più degradate dell'isola, spiegandole come il governo di Ellis si sia messo in luce per corruzione e accaparramento degli aiuti internazionali inviati per aiutare economicamente St. Antoine a riparare i danni di un recente uragano. Rennie non ha nessuna intenzione di scrivere di politica, volendo rimanere nella sua comfort zone ossia il giornalismo di costume. Il suo carattere schivo e incapace di imporsi sugli altri, forgiato dall'educazione moralista e rigida impartitale dalla sua famiglia di stampo patriarcale, le impedisce di rifiutarsi di aiutare una donna del luogo, Lora, la compagna del candidato primo ministro Prince, quando ella le chiede di ritirare a suo nome un pacco alla dogana. Troppo tardi Rennie scopre che nel pacco è stata occultata un'arma contrabbandata. Nell'albergo alcuni sconosciuti si sono introdotti nella stanza di Rennie e hanno aperto il pacco, disvelandone il contenuto. Nonostante i timori, Rennie consegna il pacco a Lora. Viene ulteriormente avvicinata da un ex militare statunitense, Paul, che vive sull'isola di espedienti, probabilmente di contrabbando. Con l'uomo Rennie ha un rapporto, lottando contro le remore e le difficoltà psicologiche dovute dalla mastectomia subita.

Le elezioni hanno luogo e i voti ottenuti da Ellis non gli consentono di superare la coalizione formatasi tra Minnow e Prince. La situazione precipita nella violenza quando Ellis, con l'aiuto della corrotta polizia locale, inizia a eliminare gli esponenti delle fazioni avversarie. Paul, che aveva iniziato a rifornire di armi Prince, tenta di dissuaderlo nello scendere in armi contro Ellis, più forte ed organizzato. Prince non lo ascolta e Ellis ha facile gioco nello sterminare tutti gli avversari politici. Rennie viene arrestata con Lora e durante la detenzione, nella quale la compagna viene stuprata, picchiata e infine uccisa, subisce angherie e privazioni che la temprano e la inducono ad abbandonare il comportamento ignavo. Una volta scarcerata e rimpatriata, grazie all'intervento del consolato canadese, decide di scrivere una cronaca dettagliata contro la dittatura instauratasi sull'isola.

Edizioni

Note

Collegamenti esterni

Romanzi di Margaret Atwood
Romanzi di autori canadesi


Forensic professionals are investigators of legal, financial and other relevant documents and data. They are appointed to investigate allegations and/or suspicions of fraudulent activity and breaches of regulatory duties and roles. Forensic denotes an investigation which provides evidence to a level, and a of a standard which is suitable for, and admissible in a court of law.
Such allegations can range from internal wrong-doing, to actions involving criminal liability. Forensic professionals often have to testify in hearings, be it at internal disciplinaries or in civil on criminal trials.
LabourSmart Services in conjunction with Core Forensics & Compliance, offer an integrated HR and forensic solution.
Forensic investigations into allegations of breach of statutory frameworks, including fraud, theft, corruption and company policy transgressions.


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Jared Leto Says Learning About COVID Pandemic After Silent Retreat Was Like a 'Zombie Apocalypse'
"It was like Rip Van Winkle," Jared Leto said Monday on The Tonight Show
Published on January 26, 2021 01:30 PM
Jared Leto is remembering what it felt like to learn about the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States, right after having been on a 12-day silent meditation.
The Little Things actor spoke to Jimmy Fallon about his experience on Monday's episode of The Tonight Show, recalling that "there were about 150 cases" of coronavirus when he went away on his retreat.
"And just in that short amount of time, when I came out, there was a shutdown, a state of emergency and the whole world had changed," said Leto, 49.
According to the Oscar winner, the people who were running the retreat "didn't tell" participants what was going on, as it went against the entire point of the getaway.
"We didn't have our phones; there was no talking, of course, no eye contact, no TV. And the teachers [made] a decision: 'Let's not disturb the participants,' " Leto told Fallon, 46.
Jared Leto. The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon
First U.S. Case of Highly Contagious COVID-19 Variant Originating from Brazil Confirmed in Minnesota
Leto said he felt "kind of shocked" once he turned his phone back on as he was headed back home to Los Angeles.
"I drove the whole way trying to be peaceful and zen, keep the feeling going. I got back and I was kind of shocked. It was like Rip Van Winkle," he explained.
And while the Suicide Squad star "had this great tool to deal with stress and things in life," he admitted, "I don't think anything can quite prepare any us for what we all went through in the beginning."
"It was like coming out to the zombie apocalypse," Leto said.
RELATED VIDEO: Jared Leto Says He Was Camping Without Phone for 12 Days and Had "No Idea" About Coronavirus
Leto first revealed back in March that he had been on a "silent meditation in the desert" and was shocked to see how much the world had changed upon his return.
"We were totally isolated. No phone, no communication etc. We had no idea what was happening outside the facility," the actor wrote on Instagram. "Walked out yesterday into a very different world. One that's been changed forever. Mind blowing — to say the least."
Since coming back into society, the Thirty Seconds to Mars lead singer explained that he'd been "getting messages from friends and family around the globe and catching up on what's going on."
"Hope you and yours are ok. Sending positive energy to all. Stay inside. Stay safe," Leto closed out the post.
The Little Things is out Friday in theaters and on HBO Max.
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Jim Parsons Reveals He and Husband Todd Spiewak Had Coronavirus: 'We Lost Our Sense of Smell and Taste'
Jared Leto Dressed Up as Joe Exotic to Live Tweet Netflix's 'Tiger King' Streaming Party
Man Emerging from 75-Day Silent Retreat Hit with Reality of Pandemic, Protests: 'Hell of a Drug'
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The competition for share of voice and audience attention has never been fiercer—and content marketers at all experience levels are looking for guidance and insight to effectively craft their content marketing strategy, allocate resources, and boost content ROI.
Our friends at DivvyHQ, a content creation, workflow, and experience platform, wanted to help. So, in 2017 we helped DivvyHQ launch its inaugural Content Planning Report, packed with insights to help content marketers contextualize, benchmark, and solve some of their top content marketing challenges—while also building DivvyHQ thought leadership and awareness, and driving targeted leads into their sales funnel.
When it came time to prepare for the 2018 edition, TopRank Marketing joined forces with DivvyHQ to partner on the survey, analysis, report creation, and promotion.
The goal? To use the combined resources of both companies to create a valuable, insight-packed report that was bigger and better for the industry—while expanding the reach and volume of leads into the DivvyHQ sales funnel.
The results? Just seven days after releasing the report into the wild, we saw a triple-digit increases in downloads compared to the same time period for the 2017 report, and that trend continued two weeks and now four weeks post-launch.
Read on to learn how we leveled things up this year—including the inclusion of expert voices to bring the data to life and give readers actionable next steps.
Original research and influencer content are two incredibly powerful content marketing tools. Original research helps uncover specific pain points that can be packaged as a helpful resource and generate content that can be reused and repurposed for years to come. Influencers offer unique perspective and third-party credibility and authority.
And together they're a force to be reckoned with.
We knew that a second annual survey would enable us to show year-over-year comparisons, and build upon the credibility, authority, and search equity the 2017 survey had started fueling.
The first order of business was to conduct the research, which was done in the form of a survey and open to all content marketers. With the survey data in hand, we reached out to some of the industry's brightest minds to lend insight to the specific data points and offer their advice. Seven leaders including Robert Rose, Michael Brenner, and Carla Johnson shared their tips.
Co-marketing: By coming together to co-market the report, DivvyHQ and TopRank Marketing worked to expand awareness by reaching both brands' established and complementary audiences, and encouraging crossover.
Refreshed, animated design: By leveraging a design template that moved, we wanted to help readers stay engaged. It also created a "cool" factor, which had the potential to increase shareability and word of mouth reach.
An expanded data pool: In 2018, we aimed to increase the survey sample size in order to capture more robust data insights from a more diverse set of marketers.
Created a blog series across the DivvyHQ and TopRank Marketing domains, which repurposed key data points and insights.
Drafted and implemented organic brand social promotion messaging, including eye-catching imagery.
Implemented paid social promotion on DivvyHQ channels.
Created tailored influencer social amplification messaging.
Sent email nurtures to both DivvyHQ and TopRank Marketing lists.
Report downloads surpassed the total 2017 performance in just 14 days.
After four weeks in the wild, download totals recorded a 233% increased compared to 2017.
94% of leads generated were new for DivvyHQ.
Survey participation increased 233% year-over-year.
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