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Resolution 1907: An adventurism Targeted to the Horn of Africa
Often, we Eritreans refer to times in which our country was made a victim of the hideous policies of American administrations to guarantee their global interest as 'Ethiopian colonization'. Although in truth, the colonization of Eritrea for the past 40 years by Ethiopia has been United State's colonialism by proxy. Taking the essential factors into account, Ethiopia, that was by far less developed, was neither capable nor had the required resources to take Eritrea as a colony. In their entire history, Ethiopian leaders could never be regarded as capable colonizing entities let alone pose a formidable anti-colonization force. When the Italians annexed Ethiopia in 1935, Emperor Haileslassie, incapable of rallying the public chose to cede his throne and abandoned his country and sought asylum elsewhere. Finally, he was carried back to his throne by the might of foreign forces and was awarded Eritrea as a colony. The Derg also more or less followed the same subservient route until its eventual demise in 1991. The current regime due its unprecedented character is engaged in acts of servitude by far from the past two regimes.
As is it known, the strategic national interest of the US in its dealings with Africa seeks to divide the continent into four controllable parts. To attain such a goal, the administration always attempts to destabilize nations of the Horn in order to benefit from the aftermath of the turmoil. The ill mission of the US administration is to destabilize Somalia, Sudan to become unstable and conflict torn, make Eritrea abandon its free political course, Kenya to become a failed state, and IGAD, which is responsible for the Horn to become an instrument through the infiltration of the CIA under the guise of AfriCom.
Hence, Resolution 1907 does not only target Eritrea. It is a ploy created to destabilize the Horn region. The people of the Horn of Africa should fight against a resolution that seeks to destabilize their region so that their region will not become like Afghanistan, Iraq, Pakistan and the Balkan nations. The struggle against such unjust resolution should be harmonized, continuous and inclusive; and one that perfectly understands the strategy of the American Administration. As regarding the servant regime, is only an addendum.
Driving into the Clouds Filfil-Massawa Road
Experiences Of A Freedom Fighter In Operation Fenkil
ሓተታ – ትኩርነት፡ ክሳብ ስግኣትና ዝቕንጠጥ!


The duo has traveled over 100,000 road miles, playing over 500 shows in over 30 states in the last two-and-a-half years. Their eponymous debut album garnered attention from media outlets such as Nashville's independent radio, WRLT Lightning 100, as well as publications like American Songwriter and RELIX Magazine. They were also selected over thousands of other bands to perform at the 2015 Bonnaroo Music & Arts Festival in Manchester, TN, headlined by Billy Joel, Mumford & Sons, Ben Harper & The Innocent Criminals, and more. In addition, the music of Smooth Hound Smith has been featured on ABC's Nashville, MTV's The Real World, and the Esquire Network.


Why does discourse take up so much disk space?
I have a Discourse directory installed on Digita Ocean, it has only 600 members and 160 topics and it already has 13 GB in Digital Ocean, would you like to know how I can help reduce consumption?
This GCE is running with only 10 GB. I guess at one stage I'll have to increase the disk size.


Actually, intentions are only that, intentions. Qualifying them as "best" means that those intention probably fell short. Really, if you think about it, anytime anyone uses the word "intend" they are actually admitting that they failed. They didn't hit the mark. So when someone says they only had "the best intentions in mind" then they are admitting that their best didn't come out and the best is still in their head.


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Internet Television
So, Netflix is Removing Our Buffy? How to Get Your Slayer Fix in the Face of Betrayal
March 17, 2017 March 17, 2017 admin Angel, Buffy the Vampire Slayer, Generation X, Netflix
If you're like me, you're living under some very stressful deadlines right now. First of all, tax day is coming up, and nobody thinks that's any fun. Second, — and somewhat more terrifying — is March 31. Also known as The Day That Netflix Stopped Streaming Buffy The Vampire Slayer.
It's bad enough that we feel old when we realize that 1997 was twenty years ago, now they have to take away our Buffy.
The timing is just wretched; after all, the show just celebrated its 20th anniversary. So, where will GenX go when it needs a touch of nihilistic nostalgia?
My sources tell me that Hulu has Buffy the Vampire Slayer, but not everyone has a Hulu subscription.
You'll be able to stream it from Amazon, but the cost is $1.99 per episode and $19.99 per season, which could get a little pricey.
If you have Amazon Prime, however, you can upgrade to Full Screen for $5.99 per month, which gives you streaming access to Buffy, and other shows and movies, as long as they're available.
The GenX response is to get it on DVD, and although it's an investment (unlike the VHS set you might still have), it's yours to have and to hold. It's currently on sale at only $107.00 for all seven seasons, as is Angel (which Netflix is also removing), for about $60.
Also scheduled to be removed is The X-Files, House M.D., … and Firefly, which I discovered to my horror over the weekend whilst marathoning something Shiny in the midst of a fit of political angst. Good thing I already have the DVDs!
Featured image via IMDb
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Olympic Park > Outside Area > Ingo Schultz
Ingo Schultz
08/08/2004: Exactly two years after his famous gold medal win at the same site, the European 400 m Champion, Ingo Schultz, pressed his hands into the cement.
Tribute was paid to Ingo Schultz during the Team Challenge athletics event for his magnificent run on the evening of 8.8.2002 in the Olympic Stadium. In 45.14 seconds the athlete, who is 2.01 m tall, won the first gold medal for Germany on the third day of the European Championships 2002 before 50,000 spectators. It was to remain the only medal in individual competitions.
For him personally, it is also the greatest success in his career. Ingo Schultz had only moved into the world's top ranks a year before and had won a silver medal in the World Championships in Edmonton. With the European Champion title, the Hamburg athlete became the first German European 400 m Champion for over 20 years and thus continued a great German tradition in athletics.
On 8.8.2004 he returned to the site of his greatest success. On the way to the Olympic Games the Team Challenge was a venue in which athletes could compete against top athletes from France and the US. The weather was much better than in August 2002 but Schultz' time was not as good. But that did not spoil the small ceremony at the exit of the marathon gate into the Olympic Stadium. The fans cheered their star as his success in 2002 was immortalized in the cement.


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Purim; Serious or Fun?
Jeremy Rosen / March 18, 2016
There is trend in certain quarters to look at the story of Purim as one of Jewish aggression, the murder of innocent Persian non-Jews, antagonism to outsiders for no valid reason—the anti-Semitic trope that Jews are evil. Some Jewish academics have focused on the "brutality" of killing Haman and his sons and of killing men, women, and children. Elliott Horowitz haswritten one entitled Reckless Rites: Purim and the Legacy of Jewish Violence. But if one looks at the text honestly and objectively, it is as far from the truth as black is from white.
The story, apparently, takes place in Persia some 2500 years ago though the historical facts are unclear. The first part of the story is comic. A drunken King Achashverosh spends a good portion of the year partying. He deludes himself that free orgies for his administrators and subjects will keep them loyal and avoid plots. He has civil laws that are frankly ridiculous, like never being able to retract an order once given.
He loses his temper with his tempestuous Queen Vashti who tries to stand up to him (once again we are not entirely certain why). He fires her, but then the poor fellow gets lonely and misses having a wife. Clearly he has deep relationship issues. He cannot act. He needs the advice of his various sets of seven cronies and is so insecure he has to decree that all wives must obey their husbands. The young men about town suggest he gathers as many virgins as possible from throughout his realm. They are submitted to a twelve-month regime of cosmetics and oils before being allowed to spend the night with the king. He has to pick just one to be his queen. The rest are carted off to incarceration in his harem. But even after selecting Esther he continues to gather virgins for his own pleasure (and probably that of his inner circle, too).
There is an undertone of insecurity and the next part is ominous. Jews are reluctant to admit who they are. The Royal Guardsmen want to assassinate the king. And then this mindless sop is so short of cash he gives his approval to genocide. Kill all the Jews, and confiscate all their property. The bad guy who persuades him, and pays him for the privilege, is Haman—another browbeaten macho who is under the thumb of Zeresh, his wife. Thanks to to Esther (is that the new queen, the evil of Haman's plot is revealed. Unable to retract his initial command, he issues a second decree that the victims can defend themselves, and everything ends happily for everyone. Except he increases the taxes to enable him to go on feasting. You might call that the Persian dimension. Love of wine, women, and a good time are a feature of Persian life, Jewish and non-Jewish, to this very day. And the bad guys are eliminated.
Now the Jewish dimension to the Megilah. Both Esther and Mordechai carry the names of Assyrian deities. Were they so assimilated? Jews, feeling insecure, keep a low profile, even hide their identity. When Esther is taken into the palace, Mordechai warns her not to reveal her origin. Only Mordechai, thinking he is fighting a lone battle, publicly refuses to bow down to the egomaniac prime minister. Although Mordechai has proved his loyalty by saving the king from a plot hatched by his palace guard, he did not calculate on Haman's ideological anti-Semitism. Haman doesn't just try to eliminate Mordechai. The case Haman makes out to the king is that Jews are different. They are all untrustworthy, disloyal, and a danger to society. In other words, as totally wrong and irrational as anti-Semitism is today.
Mordechai tells Esther she must act, otherwise all they can do is pray. It is Esther who risks her life to get to the king. She softens him up with alcohol and then reveals Haman to be the real threat to the king (after he has revealed his designs by asking the king to let him ride the royal horse through the capital). The Jews are saved. Mordechai and Esther are the human tools of salvation. But the unspoken name of God lurks in the background, hidden (Esther's name means "I hide".) but pulling the strings. Jews survive both through their own efforts and Divine intervention. Purim means lottery, but there are two—the human one that fails and the Heavenly one that succeeds.
To end the book there is a sad reflection on Jewish life then and now. When Esther and Mordechai try to institute an annual festival of commemoration, they cannot succeed in getting all the Jews to agree. We ARE a stiff necked people aren't we!
But what of the killing of poor non-Jewish Persians? One could take the apologist's line and say that thousands of years ago life was brutal, it was like gang warfare today. Or indeed the way the Syrian government or ISIS has been torturing and killing children. Or one might understand the natural sense of pain and anger that parents would feel when their children are threatened with death.
The text simply does not support the theory of wanton cruelty. The first decree was to invite everyone in the Persian empire to join in killing the Jewish men, women, and children, and grab their goods on one specific day that astrology determined to be the best. So much for astrology. But the second decree said the Jews could defend themselves. No Persian HAD to go kill Jews. Those who chose to were animated in their clear disregard of the second decree only by irrational hatred or hopes of gain. And when a section of a population is so full of irrational hatred and greed it affects their children too. Children can still be taught to hate and wield knives! What always struck me was that only a minority was infected by the virus. In a population of millions, those who actually were killed because they attacked the Jews amounted to no more than 800 in the capital and 75,000 throughout the Empire who died for their evil cause. This is not a story of Jewish cruelty, but of regrettably necessary self-defense. And the Jews did not take any loot!
It is such a modern twenty-first century story of government and personal corruption, using violence for irrational hatred and gain. Haman is called "Haman the descendent of Agag". Agag was the Amalekite king that Samuel killed (Samuel Chapter 15). The Amalekites first attacked the Israelites coming out of Egypt (Deuteronomy 25:27) by killing women, children, the tired, and the weak bringing up the rear of the people. Cowards that anti-Semites are. That is why the Bible focused on their cruelty and the need to remember and protect ourselves from endemic hatred.
But those who suggest that violence is an essential part of the story are ignoring the real message of Purim in Jewish law and lore—to celebrate the occasion Mordechai and Esther instituted three law: to give to the poor, to send presents to one's friends, and to read the Megilah. No violence there, only the importance of history, charity, and friendship. Later came the tradition of dressing up in disguise, to remind us that much in life is hidden, many people do not reveal themselves, and what appears one way at one moment can turn into something or someone quite different the next.
What the Megilah in all its confusing and contradictory richness tells is that his world is a topsy-turvy one. It is complex, fun, dangerous, and made up of many layers. And nothing could be more topsy-turvy than suggesting that we delight in violence. What we do delight in is survival, physical and spiritual.
We Will Survive
Why I Don't Criticize Israel More
1 thought on "Purim; Serious or Fun?"
Batya Medad says:
This post is one of the eighteen included in Shiloh Musings: Havel Havelim 18 Post Blog Roundup. Please visit, check out the others and share, thanks.


text:
arrayfire.sparse module
=========================

.. automodule:: arrayfire.sparse
    :members:
    :undoc-members:
    :show-inheritance:

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


The county of Prentiss was established in 1870, and the county seat is Booneville. For the most current listing of resources for this location, and from additional publishers, please visit the Prentiss County page in the Live Roots catalog.
Web: RootsWeb Resources for Prentiss County Free!
Web: GenForum Queries for Prentiss County Free!
Web: Cyndi's List: Prentiss County Free!
Web: Linkpendium: Prentiss County Free!
Web: FamilySearch Wiki: Prentiss County, Mississippi Free!
If you know of a resource in Prentiss County, please share the details with us.


Sharing Data by "Running As..."
Dashboards allow you to display report results from existing reports, charts, and filters that you created on the Reports tab (or the Reports tab of a specific entity). A dashboard can include multiple output types from a single report, or the results of multiple reports.
Dashboards are a way of sharing data with users who might not otherwise have permission to view the data. Dashboards are always "run as" the owner - which means that all users viewing the dashboard see consistent results. For example, if the dashboard is owned by User A and shared with User B, User B will be able to view the dashboard as if she had the permissions of User A. Note that this can result in a user seeing more data than usually permitted to see, or less.
Dashboards are cached for two hours. If you run a dashboard and view it within two hours of its run time, the dashboard will display the cached data. If you run a dashboard and view it more than two hours after it was run, the dashboard will be re-run. You can re-run a dashboard manually at any time.
Note that if the owner is a terminated resource, the dashboard will not return any results. A PPM Pro administrator can change the dashboard owner by navigating to the resource's Owned Entities page and using the Reassign Ownership feature.
Note: Resource planning reports and audit history reports are not eligible for dashboards because they require additional configuration at runtime.
There are two avenues for granting dashboard rights: permissions profiles and standard group memberships.
Any user can be given access to a dashboard. However, each user's report permissions determine which reports the user can access, so it is possible to share a dashboard where the user cannot see the report contained in the dashboard.
Team users cannot see the top-level dashboards section (even if "given permissions"), but can view entity-level dashboards as long as they have the appropriate permissions.
A user will see only his or her own dashboards in the Dashboard List, even if other dashboards have been shared to the user. Having permissions on a dashboard gives a user permission to link to a dashboard created by a different user. Once linked, that dashboard will appear in both users' Dashboard Lists.
See Sharing Reports, Dashboards, and Filters (Visibility) for more information.
This following tables lists the functions you can perform with top-level dashboards, and the permissions required to perform these functions. Note that Team users cannot see the top-level dashboards section (even if "given permissions"), but can view entity-level permissions as long as they have the appropriate team profile.
Full Users who have been granted permissions by way of a permission profile. See About Profile-Based Permissions and Creating Permission Profiles.
Note that by default, PPM Pro supplies a global profile called Create & Edit Dashboards that give all users the ability to create, edit, and view dashboards. All owners can edit their dashboards. You can use these profiles, edit them, or delete them altogether and make your own.
Full users can link to any dashboard for which they have at least View permissions.
The user who published the dashboard can unpublish or edit the schedule (if one has been configured) from the Dashboards page.
Admins can unpublish a published dashboard from Admin/Publishing, and delete a scheduled dashboard from Admin/Scheduling.
The filters displayed in the Change Filter droplist for an individual component will include only filters that User B (not the dashboard owner) has permission to see. Note that if User B changes the filter for a dashboard component, then the component will re-run as User B; when the dashboard is rerun, all components will run using the filter specified by the dashboard owner. In the screenshot below, the grayed out filter is the current filter used by the dashboard owner), and it happens to be a filter that User B has permission to use. There might be other scenarios where the Change Filter list will not include the current filter. All the other filters are ones the current user (User B) has permission to see/use.
You can share dashboards with other users within the PPM Pro application by linking to dashboards created by other users, or you can share dashboards outside of PPM Pro by publishing them to a location accessible through a URL. For example, you can publish dashboards to a customer's intranet site or send a link to the dashboard via email. Publishing dashboards also allows IT departments to let their internal stakeholders get an overview of various IT initiatives.
You can also export dashboard data to Excel.
Note that you must be a member of the Publishing standard group or a user with administrative privileges to publish a dashboard.
Note: Standard reports cannot be used in dashboards.
The primary launching point for the dashboard creation is the Dashboards tab .You can also create dashboards at the entity level (project, issues, for example) throughout the system.
Start by familiarizing yourself with the Dashboards tab (Working with the Dashboard List page), and then read Overview of dashboard creation.
See About the Dashboard wizard to learn about the mechanics of creating a dashboard.
If you are ready to start creating a dashboard, go directly to the first step, Specifying the basic dashboard details.


The new LMP USB-C Combo Hub possess the ability to charge the 12" MacBook and the new 13" and 15" MacBook Pro via its USB-C port (Power Delivery) while at the same time connecting various external devices to it (i.e. an HDMI display, USB peripherals). Whether connecting specific peripherals only or an entire array of accessories at the same time, the new LMP USB-C adapters offer the right choice. Note: Not compatible with Apple USB SuperDrive.


From Dxdatabook I run a new hierarchical verification. In the results there are some symbols with missing properties, so I press the "update all unique matches with missing properties" button and then "Update design" button.
The problem is after this all the missing properties (and some more on the symbols were missing properties) will appear as visible in the schematics.
How to avoid that this add the properties visible?
It might be an issue with your DxDataBook configuration file, there are two columns that set default visibility of properties annotated by DxDataBook and this overrides the setting from the 'prp' file.
Can you please inform which are these two columns?
See the attached picture - you have to edit the Databook configuration from the context menu on the right mouse button - Configure - Edit Configuration.
You can also override these settings with the 'Maintain Property Visibility' option on the Properties tab of the Databook configuration under the Component Instantiation/Annotation section. This will keep whatever is set at the schematic level.
Hello Robert, may you explain the settings which influence visability of properties in DxDesigner?
- The "prp" file you mentioned above that I do not know.
Can you tell me which settings are 'stronger', i.e. which settings override the others?
There are several levels of precedence. The settings at the schematic level override all others, i.e. you can change the visibility here for any property no matter how it is defined. This is of course the correct behaviour and gives you maximum flexibility. The next level of precedence is the definition in the symbol, if the property is defined in the symbol then it will obey those settings once placed into the schematic. The problem here is that the settings in Databook can override both of the above if not set correctly, but there is an additional setting: 'Maintain Property Visibility' in the Databook configuration that prevents this override; see the 'Addendum' to my earlier post. Finally the prp file itself comes into play, this is only used if the property is not defined on the symbol and the property is back-annotated from PCB or some other utility, then it uses the visibility setting from the prp file to determine what to do.
So, what is the impact of 'Maintain Property Visibility' in the Databook configuration for a symbol with a missing property and updated via new hierarchical verification -> "update all unique matches with missing properties" ?
Nothing, it will take what is set by the check box in Databook - it only comes into play if there is a difference - say in Databook it is set to make the value visible but in the schematic it is invisible, then on annotation from Databook it will stay invisible. But if it doesn't exist in the schematic it will be placed as visible as dictated by the check box.


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Bârgăuani – gmina w Rumunii, w okręgu Neamț. Obejmuje miejscowości Bahna Mare, Baratca, Bălănești, Bârgăuani, Breaza, Certieni, Chilia, Dârloaia, Ghelăiești, Hârtop, Homiceni, Talpa i Vlădiceni. W 2011 roku liczyła 3505 mieszkańców.

Przypisy

Gminy w Rumunii
Okręg Neamț

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


THE PISTOL - GHOST MANUFACTURED PARTS - GHOST CONNECTORS - GLOCK CONNECTORS - PRO 3.3 (TCT) FOR GLOCK'S - Ghost Inc.
The Pro requires the trigger control tab (TCT) to be trimmed a little bit at a time until the weapon dry fires. Once it is fit the limited movement beyond the firing pin release will correct your right or left drift.


Hello! Its been a while since I posted any updates on sales here, but I am happy to announce that my next sale will be as a vendor at the Colorado Cactus and Succulent Society (CCSS) This coming Easter weekend you can find me selling planters at the Denver Botanic Gardens. There's a boat load of vendors participating that will be selling plants, and other gift items, plus activities. This should be a cool event for any and all plant lovers out there.
Admission to the sale and show is included in Botanic Gardens general admission. This is happening Saturday March 31st and Sunday April 1st. For more information check out the CCSS Facebook page.


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Mattress crnr of Brook St/Mill Rd Erith
Reported via desktop in the Pavement category anonymously at 15:12, Fri 19 November 2021
I would like to report 2 cases of fly-tipping (both mattresses). One has been dumped on the corner of Brook Strret and Mill Road and the other is on the corner of Collingdale Road and Carlton road.
This case has been referred to the Council's contractor and will be completed within the Council's contractual service level arrangements.
We will update the case once it has been completed.
State changed to: Action scheduled
Updated by London Borough of Bexley at 17:00, Mon 29 November 2021


Of the approximately 1.5 million convicted felons in Florida, about 101,000 are housed in state prisons. Over the next 12 months, one-third of these individuals will be released. Some will obtain probation, but the majority will be expected to integrate immediately into society. Integration can be a challenge, however, since one consequence of being found guilty of a felony is the loss of civil rights, including the right to vote, serve on a jury, run for elected office and possess or use a firearm. Without these rights, felons may have difficulty becoming employed — a crucial aspect of integration into the larger society.
Tallahassee attorney and clemency expert Reggie Garcia writes authoritatively about hurdles faced by one-time inmates working to re-enter society.
Numerous examples of clemency are included in Garcia's new book, ranging from President Gerald Ford's "full, free and absolute pardon" of former President Richard Nixon to Garcia's first clemency case, which restored firearm authority to a Tampa man who lived with his family above his small business. Clemency allows a felon a chance at succeeding as a law-abiding and self-sustaining citizen, but it isn't necessarily an all-inclusive pardon. In "Second Chances," Garcia clearly defines each type of clemency and describes the steps that must be taken in order to receive clemency.
"All Florida employers, community leaders, elected officials, faith leaders and other taxpayers should do their part, no matter how large or small, to help an offender become a productive citizen," Garcia says.
While many persons released from prison succeed in readjusting successfully to society, others revert to criminal behavior. Bureau of Justice Statistics studies have found high rates of recidivism. One study tracked 404,638 prisoners in 30 states after their release from prison in 2005. The researchers found that within three years of release, about two-thirds (67.8 percent) of released prisoners were rearrested. Within five years of release, about three-quarters (76.6 percent) of released prisoners were rearrested.
Reggie Garcia is a Tallahassee attorney and lobbyist with more than 20 years of experience presenting clemency cases. A Tampa native, Garcia graduated from the University of Florida College of Journalism and Communications as well as from the UF Levin College of Law. He was rated an AV Preeminent® attorney by the Martindale-Hubbell agency for both competency and ethics and has been described as an "expert in clemency and parole cases." Garcia is a frequent public speaker and has been interviewed on radio programs and on national, network and statewide television news programs. In addition to his two books, "How to Leave Prison Early: Florida Clemency, Parole and Work Release" and "Second Chances: Florida Pardons, Restoration of Civil Rights, Gun Rights and More," Garcia has also published articles in several magazines and newspapers. For more information, visit FloridaClemencyLawyer.com.


Whether you've pledged to start working out, eat less junk food, read more, or volunteer in your community, the new year is a time for change, and our web design and SEO team at Big Red SEO wants you to also consider changing up the way you think about your homepage. Google's recent changes, coupled with a decisive shift in visitor habits, suggest that the traditional ways we've gone about structuring homepages may not be as effective any more.Your homepage is the most trafficked page on your website. Essentially the starting point for visitors to get to know you and your company, so in the past it made sense for homepages to take a scattershot approach—homepage real estate is important, so if your company had an imperative message it was put on the homepage so visitors would read it first thing. This often led to homepages acting as discovery points for everything on the site, with many messages that competed for visitor attention.
Today, though, our team at Big Red SEO urges you to consider a rather radical paradigm shift. Google has recently taken a more sophisticated and holistic approach to judging a website's importance, in other words looking at the website as a whole. As such, the emphasis we've gotten used to placing on homepages in order to rank should change as well.
What Are Your Visitor's Habits?
Think about how visitor/website interaction has changed over the years. It used to be that the homepage would serve many different types of visitors coming for varying reasons, and these visitors would expect the homepage to guide them to their eventual destination on your site. For this system to work, the homepage itself had to be optimized for SEO through a number of techniques (lots of text, lots of keywords, etc.); now though, visitors most often navigate straight to your site's internal pages through search engines.
As visitors' habits have changed, so has the way Google ranks sites by importance and relevance. It used to be that your homepage would automatically be your highest PageRank page and earn the most links, but as Google has become more sophisticated, it views sites as a whole. It understands that a site can be about many things at once, and ranks based on the total strength and authority of your website, not just the homepage.
So what should we take from this change? It's still important for your homepage to act as a portal to the rest of your site, through obvious and easy-to-use navigation, but it's no longer necessary for your homepage to be a compendium for everything that happens on your site. Our web design and SEO team at Big Red SEO thinks that this will turn out to be a very good thing, as it allows you the opportunity to use your homepage first and foremost as a conversion tool. The most effective homepages in the future will focus on an easily explainable unique value proposition, social proof, and call to action, all in a visually appealing package that drives visitors toward conversion.
As a full-service web design and SEO company in Omaha, Nebraska, Big Red SEO specializes in developing cutting edge inbound marketing strategies that help our clients make their businesses more noticeable by potential customers. Contact us today at (402) 522-6468 and let us help you raise your business in the search engine rankings!


text:
using spectator.Configuration;

namespace spectator.Sources
{
    public interface IQueryableSourceFactory
    {
        IQueryableSource Create(MetricSource source);
    }
}


text:
\section{introduction}
It is widely accepted that, under ordinary circumstances, the standard Ohm's law,
\begin{eqnarray}
\vec{J}=\sigma\vec{E},
\label{1}
\end{eqnarray}
which relates the electric field $\vec{E}$ to the current density $\vec{J}$ flowing in a linear, isotropic and homogenous medium with electric conductivity $\sigma$, provides a very good description of electrodynamic processes occurring in conductors. However, for gases and plasmas, or even for high frequency electromagnetic phenomena, the possibility of non Ohmic features has attracted the interest of many researchers \cite{Wannier,Llebot,Krall,Boyd,Jou88,Jou96}. In those situations, a generalized expression for Ohm's law has been proposed,
\begin{eqnarray}
\left(1+\tau\frac{d}{dt}\right)\vec{J}=\sigma\vec{E},
\label{2}
\end{eqnarray}
where $\tau$ is a constant with dimension of time and the assigned derivative is the total time derivative. The above generalized law can be deduced rigorously, either on the basis of kinetic theory \cite{Krall,Boyd} or in the framework of extended irreversible thermodynamics \cite{Jou88,Jou96,Israel}. Clearly, in the limit $\tau\rightarrow0$, the standard Ohm's law is recovered. Still more interestingly, the current density does not immediately vanish as soon as the electric field is turned off. As a consequence of inertial effects due to charge carriers in the conductor, it approaches zero in a time scale which is determined by $\tau$, thereby quantifying the relaxation time of the current density (see Appendix A).

In principle, the above time dependent correction added to Ohm's law is negligible under stationary conditions, as well as for low frequency regimes. However, it may have several interesting physical consequences to the behavior of transient electromagnetic fields, and also at high frequency limits. In particular, as discussed in \cite{Cuevas}, it should modify considerably the classical results for space attenuation of electromagnetic waves \cite{Jackson} and time damping of magnetic fields \cite{Landau} in rigid conducting media.

In this work, new results for attenuation and damping of electromagnetic fields in rigid conducting media are derived under the combined action of inertia and displacement current. The classical conceptions of poor and good conductors are extended with basis on an effective electric conductivity, which depends on both wave frequency and relaxation time. It is shown that the attenuation for good conductors at high frequency electromagnetic waves depends on the relaxation time only, that is, the penetration depth must saturate to a minimum value at sufficiently high frequencies. Such a result leads to the possibility of measurement of the relaxation time. It is also found that the influences of displacement current and inertia on damping of magnetic fields are opposed to each other. That could explain why, under normal conditions, the decay time of magnetic fields is given approximately by the diffusion time. At very small length scales (at the nano scale, for instance), the decay time could be given either by a fraction of the diffusion time or by the relaxation time, depending whether displacement current or inertia, respectively, would prevail on magnetic diffusion. However, it should be hardly observable in the latter case, under ordinary circumstances, given the smallness of the length scale.

The paper is organized as follows. In Sec. II, we cast the basic equations for describing the influence of inertia and displacement current on attenuation and damping. In Sec. III, the attenuation of electromagnetic waves is discussed. The above mentioned effective conductivity is introduced, and an expression for the ratio of time averaged magnetic to electric energy densities is derived in terms of both wave frequency and relaxation time. Then, the low and high frequency regimes are explored for poor and good conductor limits.  In Sec. IV, the damping of magnetic fields is discussed. In particular, it is shown that the actions of inertia and displacement current on damping are opposite to each other, and the decay time of magnetic fields is explored at very small length scales. In Sec. V, the main conclusions are summarized.

\section{basic equations}
For a rigid conductor, except for the small massive charge carriers, there is no relative motion between its constitutive parts. In that situation, the total time derivative in Eq. (\ref{2}) becomes a partial time derivative and the generalized Ohm's law takes the form
\begin{eqnarray}
\left(1+\tau\frac{\partial}{\partial t}\right)\vec{J}=\sigma\vec{E}.
\label{3}
\end{eqnarray}
By combining Eq. (\ref{3}) with Maxwell's equations (recall there is no free charge in the bulk of the conducting medium),
\begin{eqnarray}
\nabla\times\vec{B}&=&\mu\epsilon\frac{\partial\vec{E}}{\partial t}+\mu\vec{J},\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\nabla\cdot\vec{B}=0,\nonumber\\\nabla\times\vec{E}&=&-\frac{\partial\vec{B}}{\partial t},\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\nabla\cdot\vec{E}=0,
\label{4}
\end{eqnarray}
where $\mu$ and $\epsilon$ are the magnetic permeability and electric permittivity, respectively, of the medium, one may easily check that the space and time evolution of the magnetic field $\vec{B}$ is governed by
\begin{eqnarray}
\left(1+\tau\frac{\partial}{\partial t}\right)\nabla^2\vec{B}=\left(1+\tau\frac{\partial}{\partial t}\right)\mu\epsilon\frac{\partial^2\vec{B}}{\partial t^2}+\mu\sigma\frac{\partial\vec{B}}{\partial t}.
\label{5}
\end{eqnarray}
In the limit $\tau\rightarrow0$, the classical space and time evolution of the magnetic field in a rigid conductor is recovered \cite{Jackson}.

If we assume that both magnetic and electric fields, as well as the current density, vary in space and time as $\sim\exp{\left(\imath\vec{k}\cdot\vec{x}-\imath\omega t\right)}$, where $\vec{k}$ and $\omega$ are the complex propagation vector and real angular frequency, respectively, of a monochromatic electromagnetic wave, Eqs. (\ref{3}) and (\ref{5}) lead to
\begin{eqnarray}
\left(1-\imath\omega\tau\right)\vec{J}_0=\sigma\vec{E}_0,
\label{6}
\end{eqnarray}
\begin{eqnarray}
\left(1-\imath\omega\tau\right)k^2=\left(1-\imath\omega\tau\right)\omega^2\mu\epsilon+\imath\omega\mu\sigma,
\label{7}
\end{eqnarray}
respectively, where $\vec{J}_0$ and $\vec{E}_0$ are the complex vector amplitudes of the current density and electric field, respectively, and
$k=\left(\vec{k}\cdot\vec{k}\right)^{1/2}$ is the complex mode number of the electromagnetic wave. In the limit $\tau\rightarrow0$, the corresponding classical results in Fourier space are recovered \cite{Jackson}. Eqs. (\ref{3}) to (\ref{7}) are the basic equations for describing the influence of inertia and displacement current on space attenuation of electromagnetic waves and time damping of magnetic fields in rigid conducting media.

\section{space attenuation of electromagnetic waves}

\subsection{General considerations}

\subsubsection{Effective conductivity and attenuation factor}
As it appears, Eq. (\ref{6}) gives a linear algebraic relation between the complex vector amplitudes $\vec{J}_0$ and $\vec{E}_0$. For our purposes, we rewrite it in a more convenient manner,
\begin{eqnarray}
\vec{J}_0=\sigma_{\rm eff}\exp{\left(\imath\varphi\right)}\vec{E}_0,
\label{8}
\end{eqnarray}
where we introduce the effective electric conductivity of the rigid medium,
\begin{eqnarray}
\sigma_{\rm eff}=\frac{\sigma}{\sqrt{1+\omega^2\tau^2}},
\label{9}
\end{eqnarray}
and the time dephasing angle of the current density $\vec{J}$ with respect to the electric field $\vec{E}$,
\begin{eqnarray}
\varphi=\tan^{-1}\left(\omega\tau\right).
\label{10}
\end{eqnarray}
The usual definitions of poor and good conductors \cite{Jackson} correspond to the limits $\sigma\ll\epsilon\omega$ and $\sigma\gg\epsilon\omega$, respectively. With basis on Eqs. (\ref{8}) to (\ref{10}), we see that, when inertial effects are taken into account, those limits must be replaced by
$\sigma_{\rm eff}\ll\epsilon\omega$ and $\sigma_{\rm eff}\gg\epsilon\omega$, respectively. Indeed, in the limit $\tau\rightarrow0$, the effective electric conductivity takes its ordinary value, and the current density and electric field have the same time phase angle. As a consequence, the extended limits recover the corresponding classical ones. Moreover, we note that those extensions are in accordance with the observation that the conductivity of the medium generally depends on the frequency of the wave \cite{Jackson}. { However, in still more general situations, like those involving anisotropic media, it is well established that the electric conductivity must be treated as a tensor \cite{Bladel}. In these cases, Eq. (\ref{2}) might be extended to
\begin{eqnarray}
\left(1+\tau\frac{d}{dt}\right)\vec{J}=\stackrel{\leftrightarrow}\sigma\vec{E},
\label{11}
\end{eqnarray}
where $\stackrel{\leftrightarrow}\sigma$ denotes the electric conductivity tensor. With basis on Eq. (\ref{11}), we see that all classical frequency regimes and conduction limits should require revisions due to possible introductions of other physically relevant frequency and time scales.}

Besides, Eq. (\ref{7}) yields the dispersion relation between the complex mode number and real angular frequency of the electromagnetic wave,
\begin{eqnarray}
k^2=\frac{\omega^2\mu\epsilon}{1+\omega^2\tau^2}\left(1-\frac{\sigma\tau}{\epsilon}+\omega^2\tau^2+\imath\frac{\sigma}{\epsilon\omega}\right).
\label{12}
\end{eqnarray}
Following standard lines \cite{Jackson}, we write the complex mode number as $k=\beta+\imath\alpha/2$, so that its real and imaginary parts are given by
\begin{eqnarray}
\left.
\begin{array}{c}
\beta \\ \alpha/2
\end{array}
\right\}=\omega\sqrt{\frac{\mu\epsilon/2}{1+\omega^2\tau^2}}\left[\sqrt{\left(1-\frac{\sigma\tau}{\epsilon}+\omega^2\tau^2\right)^2+\left(\frac{\sigma}{\epsilon\omega}\right)^2}\pm\left(1-\frac{\sigma\tau}{\epsilon}+\omega^2\tau^2\right)\right]^{1/2}.
\label{13}
\end{eqnarray}
The imaginary part of $k$, $\alpha/2$, is known as the attenuation factor of the electromagnetic wave propagating in the rigid conductor \cite {Jackson}. Eqs. (\ref{13}) are the same as Eqs. (11) of \cite{Cuevas}. Those authors have studied the problem of attenuation of electromagnetic waves in rigid conductors for the low frequency regime, $\omega\tau\ll1$. In this article, we rediscuss their results but also explore Eqs. (\ref{13}) in the high frequency regime, $\omega\tau\gg1$, on the basis of the effective electric conductivity, introduced above. Moreover, we include an analysis of the time averaged electromagnetic energy density in the discussion, for all different frequency regimes and conduction limits.

\subsubsection{Transverse wave and energy density}
To begin with, we observe that the space and time fluctuation of the electromagnetic field, assigned above, together with Maxwell's equations, Eqs. (\ref{4}), lead to
\begin{eqnarray}
k\hat{n}\times\vec{E}_0=\omega\vec{B}_0,\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\hat{n}\cdot\vec{E}_0=0,
\label{14}
\end{eqnarray}
where $\hat{n}$ is the real unit vector in the direction of the complex propagation vector $\vec{k}$, and $\vec{B}_0$ is the complex vector amplitude of the magnetic field, thereby showing the expected transverse nature of the electromagnetic wave. By writing the complex mode number as
$k=\mid k\mid\exp\left(\imath\phi\right)$, it follows that the ratio of the real scalar amplitude of $\vec{B}$ to that of $\vec{E}$ is given by
\begin{eqnarray}
\frac{\mid\vec{B}_0\mid}{\mid\vec{E}_0\mid}=\frac{\mid k\mid}{\omega},
\label{15}
\end{eqnarray}
and $\vec{B}$ lags $\vec{E}$ in time by the phase angle $\phi$. From Eqs. (\ref{13}), one may easily check that
\begin{eqnarray}
\mid k\mid=\omega\sqrt{\frac{\mu\epsilon}{1+\omega^2\tau^2}}\left[\left(1-\frac{\sigma\tau}{\epsilon}+\omega^2\tau^2\right)^2+\left(\frac{\sigma}{\epsilon\omega}\right)^2\right]^{1/4},
\label{16}
\end{eqnarray}
\begin{eqnarray}
\phi=\tan^{-1}\frac{\epsilon\omega}{\sigma}\left[\sqrt{\left(1-\frac{\sigma\tau}{\epsilon}+\omega^2\tau^2\right)^2+\left(\frac{\sigma}{\epsilon\omega}\right)^2}-\left(1-\frac{\sigma\tau}{\epsilon}+\omega^2\tau^2\right)\right].
\label{17}
\end{eqnarray}
In the limit $\tau\rightarrow0$, Eqs. (\ref{16}) and (\ref{17}) recover the classical results for $\mid k\mid$ and $\phi$ \cite{Jackson}.

In this work, we take a step further by considering the time average of magnetic and electric energies per unit volume of the medium,
\begin{eqnarray}
\bar{u}_B=\frac{\mid\vec{B}_0\mid^2}{2\mu},\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\bar{u}_E=\frac{\epsilon\mid\vec{E}_0\mid^2}{2},
\label{18}
\end{eqnarray}
respectively. First, from Eq. (\ref{15}), we see that the ratio of time averaged magnetic to electric energy densities is given by
\begin{eqnarray}
\frac{\bar{u}_B}{\bar{u}_E}=\frac{\mid k\mid^2}{\omega^2\mu\epsilon}.
\label{19}
\end{eqnarray}
Then, from Eq. (\ref{16}), it follows that Eq. (\ref{19}) can be written as
\begin{eqnarray}
\frac{\bar{u}_B}{\bar{u}_E}=\frac{1}{1+\omega^2\tau^2}\sqrt{\left(1-\frac{\sigma\tau}{\epsilon}+\omega^2\tau^2\right)^2+\left(\frac{\sigma}{\epsilon\omega}\right)^2}.
\label{20}
\end{eqnarray}
In the limit $\tau\rightarrow0$, one may easily check that the expected classical result for the ratio $\bar{u}_B/\bar{u}_E$ is recovered \cite{Jackson}. However, in the high frequency regime, $\omega\tau\gg1$, a crude inspection of Eq. (\ref{20}) suggests that $\bar{u}_B$ always approaches $\bar{u}_E$. Somewhat surprisingly, that ceases to be true in the good conductor limit, as will be shown on the basis of the effective electric conductivity, introduced above.

\subsection{Low frequency regime}
The low frequency regime, $\omega\tau\ll1$, may be attained by considering terms of $\mathcal{O}\left(\omega^2\tau^2\right)=0$. In this order of approximation, we see at once that $\sigma_{\rm eff}=\sigma$, although $\vec{J}$ is slightly dephased in time with respect to $\vec{E}$ by the small angle $\varphi=\omega\tau$. The real and imaginary parts of the complex mode number are
\begin{eqnarray}
\left.
\begin{array}{c}
\beta \\ \alpha/2
\end{array}
\right\}=\omega\sqrt{\frac{\mu\epsilon}{2}}\left[\sqrt{\left(1-\frac{\sigma\tau}{\epsilon}\right)^2+\left(\frac{\sigma}{\epsilon\omega}\right)^2}\pm\left(1-\frac{\sigma\tau}{\epsilon}\right)\right]^{1/2}.
\label{21}
\end{eqnarray}
Eqs. (\ref{21}) should be compared with Eqs. (12) of \cite{Cuevas}. As it appears, those authors have neglected the term of $\mathcal{O}\left(\tau^2\right)$ under the square root sign. However, this term could not have been neglected since the square root implies it is of $\mathcal{O}\left(\tau\right)$ effectively. Indeed, it will be shown that by consistently retaining it both classical results in the poor and good conductor limits are corrected to terms of $\mathcal{O}\left(\omega\tau\right)$.

The modulus of the complex mode number is
\begin{eqnarray}
\mid k\mid=\omega\sqrt{\mu\epsilon}\left[\left(1-\frac{\sigma\tau}{\epsilon}\right)^2+\left(\frac{\sigma}{\epsilon\omega}\right)^2\right]^{1/4},
\label{22}
\end{eqnarray}
the magnetic field lags the electric field in time by the phase angle
\begin{eqnarray}
\phi=\tan^{-1}\frac{\epsilon\omega}{\sigma}\left[\sqrt{\left(1-\frac{\sigma\tau}{\epsilon}\right)^2+\left(\frac{\sigma}{\epsilon\omega}\right)^2}-\left(1-\frac{\sigma\tau}{\epsilon}\right)\right],
\label{23}
\end{eqnarray}
and the ratio of time averaged magnetic to electric energy densities is
\begin{eqnarray}
\frac{\bar{u}_B}{\bar{u}_E}=\sqrt{\left(1-\frac{\sigma\tau}{\epsilon}\right)^2+\left(\frac{\sigma}{\epsilon\omega}\right)^2}.
\label{24}
\end{eqnarray}
Next, we discuss the limits of Eqs. (\ref{21}) to (\ref{24}) for poor and good conductors.

\subsubsection{Poor conductor limit}
Poor conductors at low frequency electromagnetic waves are described by requiring the condition $\sigma\ll\epsilon\omega$ to be satisfied. In this approximation,
\begin{eqnarray}
\mid k\mid\cong\beta=\omega\sqrt{\mu\epsilon}-\frac{\sigma}{2}\sqrt{\frac{\mu}{\epsilon}}\omega\tau,\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\frac{\alpha}{2}=\frac{\sigma}{2}\sqrt{\frac{\mu}{\epsilon}}.
\label{25}
\end{eqnarray}
We see that, although the small classical value for the attenuation factor is not altered by inertial effects due to charge carriers, the real part of the complex mode number, as well as its own modulus, slightly decrease as a consequence of consistently retaining the terms of $\mathcal{O}\left(\tau\right)$ in Eqs. (\ref{21}). The first of Eqs. (\ref{25}) corrects the result of \cite{Cuevas}. As already mentioned, those authors have neglected the term of $\mathcal{O}\left(\tau^2\right)$ under the square root sign in their Eqs. (12). That is the origin of their result.

The magnetic field lags the electric field in time by the same small classical phase angle,
\begin{eqnarray}
\phi=\frac{\sigma}{2\epsilon\omega}.
\label{26}
\end{eqnarray}
Interestingly, the time averaged magnetic and electric energy densities are no longer identical, as they were classically, since the ratio $\bar{u}_B/\bar{u}_E$ slightly decreases with respect to unit,
\begin{eqnarray}
\frac{\bar{u}_B}{\bar{u}_E}=1-\frac{\sigma\tau}{\epsilon}.
\label{27}
\end{eqnarray}
In the limit $\tau\rightarrow0$, the first of Eqs. (\ref{25}), and (\ref{27}) recover the expected classical results \cite{Jackson}.

\subsubsection{Good conductor limit}
Good conductors at low frequency electromagnetic waves are described by requiring the condition $\sigma\gg\epsilon\omega$ to be satisfied. In this approximation,
\begin{eqnarray}
\left.
\begin{array}{c}
\beta \\ \alpha/2
\end{array}
\right\}=\sqrt{\frac{\mu\sigma\omega}{2}}\left(1\mp\frac{\omega\tau}{2}\right).
\label{28}
\end{eqnarray}
We see that the classical values of $\beta$ and $\alpha/2$ are decreased and increased, respectively, by the same small number, $\omega\tau/2$. Eqs. (\ref{28}) are essentially the same as Eqs. (13) of \cite{Cuevas}, provided the binomial expansions of the expressions $\sqrt{1\mp\omega\tau}$ are carried on to the term of $\mathcal{O}\left(\omega\tau\right)\ll1$. The classical result for the modulus of the complex mode number, $\mid k\mid=\sqrt{\mu\sigma\omega}$, is not altered by inertial effects.

Interestingly, the classical $\pi/4$ time dephasing angle of $\vec{B}$ with respect to $\vec{E}$ is slightly increased by inertial effects, since
\begin{eqnarray}
\phi=\frac{\pi}{4}+\frac{\omega\tau}{2}.
\label{29}
\end{eqnarray}
As in the classical case, the time averaged electromagnetic energy density is almost entirely magnetic in nature, since the ratio $\bar{u}_B/\bar{u}_E$ is given by the large number
\begin{eqnarray}
\frac{\bar{u}_B}{\bar{u}_E}=\frac{\sigma}{\epsilon\omega}.
\label{30}
\end{eqnarray}
In the limit $\tau\rightarrow0$, Eqs. (\ref{28}) and (\ref{29}) recover the expected classical results \cite{Jackson}.

\subsection{High frequency regime}
Now, we explore a situation which, to the best of our knowledge, had not been considered elsewhere, namely, the influence of inertia on attenuation at high frequencies. The high frequency regime may be achieved by requiring the condition $\omega\tau\gg1$ to be satisfied. In this approximation, we see at once that the classical electric conductivity is strongly suppressed by inertial effects, given that
\begin{eqnarray}
\sigma_{\rm eff}=\frac{\sigma}{\omega\tau},
\label{31}
\end{eqnarray}
whilst $\vec{J}$ and $\vec{E}$ are completely out of phase in time, since
\begin{eqnarray}
\varphi=\frac{\pi}{2}.
\label{32}
\end{eqnarray}
In order to simplify the checking by the reader of the limits for poor and good conductors, the following formulae are written in terms of $\sigma_{\rm eff}$, instead of $\sigma$.

The real and imaginary parts of the complex mode number are
\begin{eqnarray}
\left.
\begin{array}{c}
\beta \\ \alpha/2
\end{array}
\right\}=\sqrt{\frac{\mu\epsilon\omega}{2\tau}}\left[\sqrt{\left(\frac{\sigma_{\rm eff}\tau}{\epsilon}-\omega\tau\right)^2+\left(\frac{\sigma_{\rm eff}}{\epsilon\omega}\right)^2}\mp\left(\frac{\sigma_{\rm eff}\tau}{\epsilon}-\omega\tau\right)\right]^{1/2},
\label{33}
\end{eqnarray}
while its modulus is given by
\begin{eqnarray}
\mid k\mid=\sqrt{\frac{\mu\epsilon\omega}{\tau}}\left[\left(\frac{\sigma_{\rm eff}\tau}{\epsilon}-\omega\tau\right)^2+\left(\frac{\sigma_{\rm eff}}{\epsilon\omega}\right)^2\right]^{1/4}.
\label{34}
\end{eqnarray}
The magnetic field lags the electric field in time by the phase angle
\begin{eqnarray}
\phi=\tan^{-1}\frac{\epsilon\omega}{\sigma_{\rm eff}}\left[\sqrt{\left(\frac{\sigma_{\rm eff}\tau}{\epsilon}-\omega\tau\right)^2+\left(\frac{\sigma_{\rm eff}}{\epsilon\omega}\right)^2}+\left(\frac{\sigma_{\rm eff}\tau}{\epsilon}-\omega\tau\right)\right],
\label{35}
\end{eqnarray}
and the ratio of time averaged magnetic to electric energy densities satisfies
\begin{eqnarray}
\frac{\bar{u}_B}{\bar{u}_E}=\frac{1}{\omega\tau}\sqrt{\left(\frac{\sigma_{\rm eff}\tau}{\epsilon}-\omega\tau\right)^2+\left(\frac{\sigma_{\rm eff}}{\epsilon\omega}\right)^2}.
\label{36}
\end{eqnarray}
Next, we discuss the limits of Eqs. (\ref{33}) to (\ref{36}) for poor and good conductors.

\subsubsection{Poor conductor limit}
Poor conductors at high frequency electromagnetic waves are described by requiring the condition $\sigma_{\rm eff}\ll\epsilon\omega$ to be satisfied. In this approximation,
\begin{eqnarray}
\beta=\omega\sqrt{\mu\epsilon},\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\frac{\alpha}{2}=\frac{1}{\omega^2\tau^2}\frac{\sigma}{2}\sqrt{\frac{\mu}{\epsilon}}.
\label{37}
\end{eqnarray}
We see that the already small attenuation factor for poor conductors at low frequencies is strongly suppressed by inertial effects at high frequencies. The modulus of the complex mode number for poor conductors at low frequencies is also suppressed by inertial effects at high frequencies,
\begin{eqnarray}
\mid k\mid=\frac{\omega\sqrt{\mu\epsilon}}{\sqrt{\omega\tau}},
\label{38}
\end{eqnarray}
although less strongly than the attenuation factor.

The already small time dephasing angle of $\vec{B}$ with respect to $\vec{E}$ for poor conductors at low frequencies is again strongly suppressed by inertial effects at high frequencies, given that
\begin{eqnarray}
\phi=\frac{1}{\omega^2\tau^2}\frac{\sigma}{2\epsilon\omega}.
\label{39}
\end{eqnarray}
The time averaged magnetic and electric energy densities are almost identical for poor conductors at high frequencies, since $\bar{u}_B\cong\bar{u}_E$. That is the same result which holds for poor conductors at low frequencies \cite{Jackson}.

\subsubsection{Good conductor limit}
Good conductors at high frequency electromagnetic waves are described by requiring the condition $\sigma_{\rm eff}\gg\epsilon\omega$ to be satisfied. In this approximation,
\begin{eqnarray}
\beta=\frac{\sqrt{\mu\sigma/\tau}}{2\omega\tau},\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\mid k\mid\cong\frac{\alpha}{2}=\sqrt{\frac{\mu\sigma}{\tau}}.
\label{40}
\end{eqnarray}
Interestingly, we see that the large attenuation factor depends on the relaxation time only. { The penetration depth of the electromagnetic wave within the conductor, but close to its external surface (skin effect), is defined as $\delta=2/\alpha$ \cite{Jackson}. By neglecting inertial effects, the classical value of $\delta$ for a good conductor scales as $\sim1/\sqrt{\omega}$ [see the second of Eqs. (\ref{28})]. In other words, it should diminish without limit at high frequency electromagnetic waves. However, our new result, the second of Eqs. (\ref{40}), ensures that $\delta$ does not depend on the frequency of the electromagnetic wave, provided inertial effects are taken into account. The physical meaning of this is that $\delta$ must saturate to a minimum value at sufficiently high frequencies. By making the substitutions $\tau\rightarrow\tau_{\rm c}$ and $\sigma\rightarrow\sigma_{\rm D}$ (see Appendix A), we see that, for a typical good metal like copper ($\tau_{\rm c}\cong2.7\times10^{-14}\;{\rm s}$), $\delta\cong1.9\times10^{-6}\;{\rm cm}$. At this point, we would like to encourage the experimentalists to try and find the inertial relaxation time of the current density by measuring the penetration depth for a good conductor at high frequencies, which is within the limits of present day laboratory capabilities (see Appendix B).}

The magnetic and electric fields are almost completely out of phase in time, since $\phi\cong\pi/2$. Once $\varphi\cong\pi/2$ too, the time dephasing angle of $\vec{J}$ with respect to $\vec{B}$ is approximately an integral multiple of $\pi$. In other words, $\vec{J}$ and $\vec{B}$ are almost either at the same or at opposite time phase angles. As already mentioned, an interesting consequence of the introduction of the notion of effective electric conductivity in terms of wave frequency and relaxation time is that the time averaged electromagnetic energy density is almost entirely magnetic in nature for good conductors at high frequencies, as long as the ratio $\bar{u}_B/\bar{u}_E$ is given by the large number
\begin{eqnarray}
\frac{\bar{u}_B}{\bar{u}_E}=\frac{1}{\omega\tau}\frac{\sigma}{\epsilon\omega}.
\label{41}
\end{eqnarray}
Although numerically different, that is the same qualitative result which holds for good conductors at low frequencies \cite{Jackson}.

\begin{figure}
\resizebox{4in}{4in}{\includegraphics{deltaw.EPS}}
\caption{\label{fig_1} Normalized penetration depth as a function of $\hat{\omega}$ and some selected values of $\hat{\sigma}$. Note the tendency for saturation of $\hat{\delta}$ when $\hat{\sigma}$ increases.}
\end{figure}

\subsection{General case: penetration depth}
{In order to discuss the general case, let us introduce dimensionless quantities describing the attenuation in conducting media. As one may check, by defining
\begin{eqnarray}
\hat{\sigma}=\frac{\sigma}{\epsilon/\tau},\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\hat{\omega}=\frac{\omega}{1/\tau},\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\hat{\delta}=\frac{\delta}{\sqrt{\tau/\left(\mu\sigma\right)}},
\label{42}
\end{eqnarray}
the second of Eqs. (\ref{13}) can be rewritten as
\begin{eqnarray}
\hat{\delta}=\sqrt{\frac{2\hat{\sigma}\left(1+\hat{\omega}^2\right)}{\hat{\omega}}}\left[\sqrt{\left(1-\hat{\sigma}+\hat{\omega}^2\right)^2\hat{\omega}^2+\hat{\sigma}^2}-\left(1-\hat{\sigma}+\hat{\omega}^2\right)\hat{\omega}\right]^{-1/2}.
\label{43}
\end{eqnarray}

In Figure 1 we show the behavior of the normalized penetration depth as a function of $\hat{\omega}$ and some selected values of $\hat{\sigma}$.
As remarked earlier, in the high frequency limit the penetration depth saturates in the case of good conductors.}

\section{time damping of magnetic fields}
In the second part of this paper, we explore a problem which is closely related to the description of space attenuation of electromagnetic waves, namely, the estimate of time damping of magnetic fields in rigid conducting media. The classical approach to the latter starts from Eq. (\ref{5}) in the limit $\tau\rightarrow0$, and in absence of displacement current. In other words, inertial effects are neglected, at low frequencies. The resulting equation is a diffusion type equation for the magnetic field, where $\left(\mu\sigma\right)^{-1}$ plays the role of a diffusion coefficient. The physical situation one wants to describe is that of a rigid conducting medium subjected to an external magnetic field, which is suddenly removed. The time dependence of each eigenfunction of the diffusion equation is ascribed as $\sim\exp\left(-\gamma_lt\right)$, where the associated eigenvalue $\gamma_l$ is interpreted as a damping factor. The decay time of the damping field is estimated as $T\sim1/\gamma_1$, where $\gamma_1={\rm min}\left\{\gamma_l\right\}$, by simultaneously estimating $\mid\nabla^2\mid\sim1/L^2$, with $L$ denoting a characteristic length scale of the sample. The classical result for the decay time is given by the diffusion time, $T=\mu\sigma L^2$. This approach is commonly referred to as the quasi static approximation \cite{Landau}.

In this article, we follow an alternative path to tackle the above mentioned problem. The idea is that, since the space and time dependence of the external magnetic field may be always Fourier analyzed, we can start at once from Eq. (\ref{7}) by making the substitution $\omega\rightarrow-\imath\gamma$, where $\gamma$ is interpreted as a real damping factor associated to the real mode number $k$ of a given Fourier component. As a consequence, the time dependence of each component takes the desired form, $\sim\exp\left(-\gamma t\right)$, and we get
\begin{eqnarray}
\left(1-\gamma\tau\right)k^2=\gamma\mu\sigma-\left(1-\gamma\tau\right)\gamma^2\mu\epsilon.
\label{45}
\end{eqnarray}
Thereby, the decay time $T\sim1/\gamma$ of the damping field may be estimated by simultaneously estimating $k^2\sim1/L^2$. As a result, we have
\begin{eqnarray}
\left(\frac{T}{\mu\sigma L^2}\right)^3-\left(1+\frac{\tau}{\mu\sigma L^2}\right)\left(\frac{T}{\mu\sigma L^2}\right)^2+\frac{\epsilon/\sigma}{\mu\sigma L^2}\frac{T}{\mu\sigma L^2}-\frac{\epsilon/\sigma}{\mu\sigma L^2}\frac{\tau}{\mu\sigma L^2}=0.
\label{46}
\end{eqnarray}
To simplify the notation, first we name the characteristic time scale of conduction as
\begin{eqnarray}
\tau_\ast=\frac{\epsilon}{\sigma},
\label{47}
\end{eqnarray}
and, subsequently, normalize all times to the diffusion time,
\begin{eqnarray}
\hat{\tau}=\frac{\tau}{\mu\sigma L^2},\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\hat{\tau}_\ast=\frac{\tau_\ast}{\mu\sigma L^2},\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\hat{T}=\frac{T}{\mu\sigma L^2}.
\label{48}
\end{eqnarray}
Therefore, we obtain
\begin{eqnarray}
\hat{T}^3-\left(1+\hat{\tau}\right)\hat{T}^2+\hat{\tau}_\ast\hat{T}-\hat{\tau}_\ast\hat{\tau}=0.
\label{49}
\end{eqnarray}
Eq. (\ref{49}) is a cubic algebraic equation in $\hat{T}$. However, by considering the transformation \cite{Birkhoff}
\begin{eqnarray}
\hat{T}=\hat{T}_\ast+\left(\frac{1+\hat{\tau}}{3}\right)+\frac{1}{\hat{T}_\ast}\left[\left(\frac{1+\hat{\tau}}{3}\right)^2-\frac{\hat{\tau}_\ast}{3}\right],
\label{50}
\end{eqnarray}
one may easily check that $\hat{T}_\ast^3$ satisfies the quadratic algebraic equation
\begin{eqnarray}
\left(\hat{T}_\ast^3\right)^2-2\left[\left(\frac{1+\hat{\tau}}{3}\right)^3-\frac{\hat{\tau}_\ast}{3}\left(\frac{1}{2}-\hat{\tau}\right)\right]\hat{T}_\ast^3+\left[\left(\frac{1+\hat{\tau}}{3}\right)^2-\frac{\hat{\tau}_\ast}{3}\right]^3=0,
\label{51}
\end{eqnarray}
whose general solutions are given by
\begin{eqnarray}
&&\hat{T}_\ast^3=\left(\frac{1+\hat{\tau}}{3}\right)^3-\frac{\hat{\tau}_\ast}{3}\left(\frac{1}{2}-\hat{\tau}\right)\pm\sqrt{\frac{\hat{\tau}_\ast}{3}}
\nonumber\\&&\left\{\frac{\hat{\tau}_\ast}{3}+\frac{1}{3}\left[\left(\frac{5-3\sqrt{3}}{4}-\hat{\tau}\right)\left(\frac{5+3\sqrt{3}}{4}-\hat{\tau}\right)+\left(\frac{1}{4}-2\hat{\tau}\right)^{3/2}\right]\right\}^{1/2}\nonumber\\&&\left\{\frac{\hat{\tau}_\ast}{3}+\frac{1}{3}\left[\left(\frac{5-3\sqrt{3}}{4}-\hat{\tau}\right)\left(\frac{5+3\sqrt{3}}{4}-\hat{\tau}\right)-\left(\frac{1}{4}-2\hat{\tau}\right)^{3/2}\right]\right\}^{1/2}.
\label{52}
\end{eqnarray}
We see that there are three possible pairs of values for $\hat{T}_\ast$. Each pair is given by the plus or minus signs in Eqs. (\ref{52}). However, by substituting a chosen pair in Eq. (\ref{50}), one may easily check that the same value for $\hat{T}$ is obtained \cite{Birkhoff}. Thereby, as expected, all cubic algebraic equations, Eqs. (\ref{49}), (\ref{46}) and (\ref{45}), have three solutions. We pass now to the analyzis of important particular situations.

\subsection{Neglect of inertia and displacement current}
By neglecting both inertial effects and displacement current term, one expects the classical result for the decay time of the magnetic field to be recovered. Indeed, by taking the limits $\hat{\tau}\rightarrow0$ and $\hat{\tau}_\ast\rightarrow0$, simultaneously, in Eqs. (\ref{52}), we get $\hat{T}_\ast=1/3$, so that Eq. (\ref{50}) gives $\hat{T}=1$. In other words, the decay time of the damping field is given by the diffusion time, $T=\mu\sigma L^2$ \cite{Landau}.

\subsection{Influence of displacement current}
We now relax the approximation $\hat{\tau}_\ast\rightarrow0$ although still keep the limit $\hat{\tau}\rightarrow0$ in Eqs. (\ref{52}) to get
\begin{eqnarray}
\hat{T}_\ast=\left\{\left(\frac{1}{3}\right)^3-\frac{\hat{\tau}_\ast}{3}\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)\pm\frac{\hat{\tau}_\ast}{3}\left[\frac{\hat{\tau}_\ast}{3}-\frac{1}{3}\left(\frac{1}{4}\right)\right]^{1/2}\right\}^{1/3},
\label{53}
\end{eqnarray}
so that Eq. (\ref{50}) gives
\begin{eqnarray}
\hat{T}=\hat{T}_\ast+\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{\hat{T}_\ast}\left[\left(\frac{1}{3}\right)^2-\frac{\hat{\tau}_\ast}{3}\right].
\label{54}
\end{eqnarray}
Two limiting cases naturally arise.

\subsubsection{Small displacement current}
First, let us suppose that the influence of displacement current term is small in comparison with magnetic diffusion effects. In other words, let us assume that the approximation $\hat{\tau}_\ast\ll1$ holds in Eqs. (\ref{53}) to get
\begin{eqnarray}
\hat{T}_\ast=\frac{1}{3}-\frac{\hat{\tau}_\ast}{2}\pm\imath\frac{\hat{\tau}_\ast}{2}\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\right),
\label{55}
\end{eqnarray}
so that Eq. (\ref{54}) gives
\begin{eqnarray}
\hat{T}=1-\hat{\tau}_\ast.
\label{56}
\end{eqnarray}
We see that the diffusion time is slightly decreased by the conduction time as a consequence of assuming a small influence of displacement current,
\begin{eqnarray}
T=\mu\sigma L^2-\frac{\epsilon}{\sigma}.
\label{57}
\end{eqnarray}
For all practical purposes, the conduction time is normally neglected in Eq. (\ref{57}), and the decay time of the damping field is assumed again to be given simply by the diffusion time.

\subsubsection{Large displacement current}
Second, let us suppose that the influence of displacement current is large in comparison with magnetic diffusion effects. In other words, let us assume that the approximation $\hat{\tau}_\ast\gg1$ holds in Eqs. (\ref{53}) to get
\begin{eqnarray}
\hat{T}_\ast=\pm\sqrt{\frac{\hat{\tau}_\ast}{3}},
\label{58}
\end{eqnarray}
so that Eq. (\ref{54}) gives
\begin{eqnarray}
\hat{T}=\frac{1}{3}.
\label{59}
\end{eqnarray}
We see that the diffusion time is strongly suppressed to a third of its classical value as a consequence of assuming a large influence of displacement current,
\begin{eqnarray}
T=\frac{\mu\sigma L^2}{3}.
\label{60}
\end{eqnarray}
Note that, although the influence of displacement current is arguably very much larger than magnetic diffusion effects, the decay time does not depend on the conduction time. This interesting situation could arise in the limit of typically very small samples. However, it should be difficult to be observed, under normal conditions, given the smallness of the length scale.

\subsection{Influence of inertia}
Finally, we relax the approximation $\hat{\tau}\rightarrow0$ although still keep the limit $\hat{\tau}_\ast\rightarrow0$ in Eqs. (\ref{52}) to get
\begin{eqnarray}
\hat{T}_\ast=\frac{1+\hat{\tau}}{3},
\label{61}
\end{eqnarray}
so that Eq. (\ref{50}) gives
\begin{eqnarray}
\hat{T}=1+\hat{\tau}.
\label{62}
\end{eqnarray}
We see that the diffusion time is increased by the relaxation time as a consequence of inertial effects,
\begin{eqnarray}
T=\mu\sigma L^2+\tau.
\label{63}
\end{eqnarray}
Although this is the same result of \cite{Cuevas}, we stress here that, in order to derive it, the subsidiary condition $\gamma\tau\ll1$ does not need at all to be imposed, contrarily as claimed by those authors. Moreover, we note that the effects of displacement current term on decay time, Eqs. (\ref{57}) and (\ref{60}), are opposite to that of inertial effects, Eq. (\ref{63}). Such a result could explain why, under ordinary circumstances, the decay time of damping fields scales approximately as the diffusion time. As a matter of fact, Eq. (\ref{63}) does not rule out the possibility of considering the particular situation for which magnetic diffusion effects are neglibible in comparison with inertial ones, $\mu\sigma L^2\ll\tau$. In that case, the decay time would scale approximately as the relaxation time,
\begin{eqnarray}
T=\tau.
\label{64}
\end{eqnarray}
That interesting situation could arise in the limit of typically very small samples (see also \cite{Cuevas}): at the nano scale, for instance, provided quantum mechanical effects were unimportant.

\section{conclusion}
In this work, new results for space attenuation of electromagnetic waves and time damping of magnetic fields in rigid conducting media have been derived by taking into account the combined effects of inertia, due to charge carriers, and displacement current term. The influence of inertia has been realized by the introduction of the relaxation time for the current density, through a suitable generalization of Ohm's law. The main conclusions of this article can be summarized as follows:

\vspace{.5cm}

\noindent(1) The classical notions of poor and good conductors have been extended in the framework of an effective electric conductivity. That quantity depends on both wave frequency and relaxation time [see Eq. (\ref{9})].

\vspace{.5cm}

\noindent(2) It has been found that the space attenuation for good conductors at high frequency regimes depends on the relaxation time only [see the second of Eqs. (\ref{40})]. In other words, the penetration depth must saturate to a minimum value at sufficiently high frequencies. Such a result leads to the possibility of measurement of the relaxation time (see Appendix B).

\vspace{.5cm}

\noindent(3) The overall problem of determining the decay time of a magnetic field which is suddenly removed from a rigid conductor has been solved on very general grounds, that is, by taking into account the conjugate influences of magnetic diffusion, displacement current and inertia due to charge carriers. The solutions are given by the roots of a cubic algebraic equation involving all the relevant parameters [see Eq. (\ref{46})].

\vspace{.5cm}

\noindent(4) We have shown that the actions of displacement current term and inertia due to charge carriers on damping of magnetic fields are opposite to each other [compare Eqs. (\ref{57}) and (\ref{60}) with (\ref{63})]. In particular, this result explains why, under normal conditions, the classical decay time of damping fields scales approximately as the diffusion time.

\vspace{.5cm}

\noindent(5) At very small length scales (at nano scales, for instance), provided effects due to quantum mechanics were unimportant, it is possible that the decay time could be given either by a third of the diffusion time [see Eq. (\ref{60})] or by the relaxation time [see Eq. (\ref{64})], depending on whether the displacement current term or inertia due to charge carriers, respectively, would prevail on magnetic diffusion. However, under ordinary circumstances, the former situation should not be easily observable given the smallness of the length scale.

\acknowledgments{The authors are grateful to Rose C. Santos and M. P. M. Assun\c{c}\~ao for helpful discussions. JASL is partially supported by CNPq and FAPESP (Brazilian Research Agencies) under grants  304792/2003-9 and 04/13668-0, respectively.}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


Following her debut appearance last year with Sadie 17-year old Sophia Manou, otherwise known as just Manou returns with her latest single Loving You. Don't let its name fool you though, this is far from your head-over-heels devotion of affectionate longing. "My first track Sadie was about my friend looking for love" says Manou, "Whereas 'Loving you' is far more personal: I had just gone through my first heartbreak". I guess this is the other side, the age old outlet of music creation serving as the perfect canvas to air grievances once more. With jangly guitar riffs, dashings of euphoric synth leads and an RnB vocal inspired delivery it really does have it all as sublime melodies melt in to one another in the most gorgeous of ways. The new single will be out on April 9th via Duly Noted. Take a listen for yourselves above.


text:
Q: Repetition of the same word in a sentence Pouring the water on the flower, Jenny admired the flowers just beginning to open.
In the above sentence, the word "flower" is repeated once. Is  repetition of the same word in a single sentence ok or is it necessary to avoid repetition?

A: Repetition is sometimes used for special effects but in this sentence this is not the type of repetition that we are dealing with. Good writers will  try to suppress repetition. In this sentence, as the repetition is not exact but is in the plural, it could be preserved without making the sentence really awkward.

*

*Pouring the water on the flower, Jenny admired the  flowers just beginning to open.
Pronouns  can be used instead, but as "just beginning to open" is restrictive (determining, in other words) a different formulation is necessary to preserve this sense. Note that the determining function of "the" in the initial sentence is taken up by "those" in the new sentence.

*

*Pouring the water on the flower, Jenny admired among the other ones those just beginning to open.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


What is your policy area of interest? Is there anything you want us to know about you?
I am a rising second year student with an interest in energy and environmental policies. Prior to enrolling at Harris, I completed my bachelors and masters in Economics in India. My main goal at Harris is to learn more about how environmental science and policy intersect.
Tell us about your internship and the organization you are working with – what is the organization's mission?
This summer I worked with the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) in New Delhi, India. UNEP is the leading global environmental authority that sets the global environmental agenda, promotes the coherent implementation of the environmental dimension of sustainable development within the United Nations system and serves as an authoritative advocate for the global environment.
UNEP's work encompasses the assessment of global, regional and national environmental conditions and trends, as well as the development of international environmental instruments for a more sustainable world.
What skills are you using most in your internship?
The skills I am using most often are mixed-methods research and idea organizing for our team. I am involved in projects related to alleviating air pollution and developing solar panels, along with some administrative work. As a part of these projects, I am responsible for preparing concept notes and writing funding proposals. Along with participating in various meetings, I have had the opportunity to understand the various phases of a project from ideation to implementation with a collaborative approach.
How has this internship helped with your career path ?
During the course of this internship, I have been humbled to interact with well-known leaders in my field working toward the same goal of improving India's environmental situation. They have taught me how to evaluate a problem deeply to ensure a more effective solution by keeping various factors in mind. I feel more prepared for my future career because this is the kind of work that I have always wanted to do. This experience confirmed that I want to continue environmental work, and I am excited to return to Harris to build on this experience with a stronger analytical toolkit.


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text:
February 1 2023 11:45 AM E-paper Newsletter Subscribe Sign in My Account Sign out
Iran downplays leaked FM remarks
last updated: Apr 27,2021
A photo made available by the Office of the Iranian Presidency of Iran's Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei on March 21, 2021. (Photo: NYTimes)
TEHRAN — Iran's foreign ministry on Monday downplayed a leaked audiotape of Foreign Minister Mohammad Javad Zarif in which he said the military played too strong a role in diplomacy, saying it reflected his personal opinions.اضافة اعلان
Foreign ministry spokesman Saeed Khatibzadeh said Zarif's comments in the three-hour tape were "confidential" and should not have been released.
"What was published was not an interview with the media," Khatibzadeh told reporters in Tehran.
The statement came after Zarif's comments were reported by media sites online, as well as the New York Times.
Conservatives have criticized Zarif for comments he made on the role of top Iranian military commander Qasem Soleimani, killed in a US drone strike near the Baghdad airport in January last year.
"In the Islamic republic the military field rules," Zarif was reported as saying in the conversation, according to the New York Times.
"I have sacrificed diplomacy for the military field rather than the field servicing diplomacy."
The conservative Fars news agency criticized Zarif for presenting himself during the conversation as "a symbol of diplomacy", contrasting with Soleimani as a symbol of the "battlefield".
Parliament speaker Mohammad-Bagher Ghalibaf on Monday tweeted his praise for the "wisdom and courage" of Soleimani, who had "conquered the battlefields and paved the way for diplomacy."
Ghalibaf also denounced "the political game" and "naivety" of criticizing Soleimani, without explicitly naming Zarif.
The Fars agency quoted lawmaker Nasrollah Pejmanfar, who demanded "explanations" from the foreign ministry for the remarks.
"Mr Zarif calls into question subjects appearing among the red lines of the Islamic republic," Pejmanfar said.
Ministry spokesman Khatibzadeh played down the controversy, noting that Zarif said in the tape his "statements are his personal opinions". Khatibzadeh said the conversation took place "within the framework of routine and confidential interviews within the government", adding that leaking it was "a crime".
Zarif on Monday was in neighboring Iraq, where he paid his respects to Soleimani, stopping at the site where he was assassinated. At a press conference, Zarif called the late general "a "hero of the fight against Daesh." He made no reference to the controversy over the comments.
Read more Region & World
Ayatollah Ali Khamenei
Minister highlights continual influx of foreign direct investments
3 h ago | All
Eight Israelis dead in Jerusalem attack
In Egypt, eggs are becoming a luxury and lenders are setting terms
Ben Gvir vows to storm Al-Aqsa despite Netanyahu pledge to Jordan
Israel kills nine Palestinians in Jenin raid
Abbas meets with Jordan, Egypt intelligence directors
Israeli police call on Israelis with firearm licenses to carry their weapons
UN appeals for $500m in humanitarian aid for Palestinians
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You must give temporary employees with a fixed-term contract notice at least 1 month before their contract of employment ends. In doing so, your employees will know if their contract might be renewed or not and under what terms. If you fail to give notice or you give notice too late, your employee is entitled to compensation. The amount of compensationExternal link (Dutch) depends on both the type of contract and to what extent you have exceeded the notice period. Your employee may claim the compensation up to 2 months after their contract has ended.
If you fail to give the proper notice period at all, compensation amounts to 1 monthly gross salary. If you are too late, compensation will be proportional. If, for instance, your giving notice is 1 week too late, your employee is entitled to compensation of 1 gross weekly salary. Your employee's gross salary depends on their contract, and compensation must always be based on their most recent one.
If your employee has a fixed-hours contract, their gross monthly salary comes down to their gross hourly rate multiplied by the number of hours worked each month. To this you add any extra wages, such as commissions or for piece work.
To calculate the gross monthly salary of employees that have 'on call' or 'minimum-maximum' contracts, you must take their average working hours per month. You calculate the average working hours by adding together all hours they have worked for you and then divide this total by the number of months their contract lasted. The gross monthly salary comes down to multiplying the average number of working hours with their gross hourly rate. To this you add any extra wages, such as commissions or for piece work.
Please note: in the case of a minimum-maximum contract your employee's average working hours should always be at least the contractual minimum hours.
If your employee was absent due to leave, strike or illness for one or more full months, you do not have to take this time into account when calculating their average gross monthly salary.
To calculate the average gross monthly salary of employees that receive commissions or are paid for piece work, you add together all their earnings over the contract period and divide it by the number of months of that contract. If they receive a monthly salary as well, you add these two figures together.


text:
Reconcile Quotes
Quotations list about reconcile, appease and appeases captions citing Quentin Crisp, Louis XIV and Louis Farrakhan sayings.
The very purpose of existence is to reconcile the glowing opinion we have of ourselves with the appalling things that other people think about us.
— Quentin Crisp
I could sooner reconcile all Europe than two women.
— Louis XIV reconcile quote
A brother who recognizes that we have shortcomings, we, in the struggle, have faults, and that he wanted to reconcile differences.
— Louis Farrakhan
There is nothing to which men, while they have food and drink, cannot reconcile themselves.
The characteristic of genuine heroism is its persistency. All men have wandering impulses, fits and starts of generosity. But when you have resolved to be great, abide by yourself, and do not weakly try to reconcile yourself with the world. The heroic cannot be the common, nor the common the heroic.
Unexplained joy is always so keen that.
.. it seems to hold enough to reconcile one to the inevitable.
— Jessie B. Fremont
Nations do not think, they only feel.
They get their feelings at second hand through their temperaments, not their brains. A nation can be brought -- by force of circumstances, not argument -- to reconcile itself to any kind of government or religion that can be devised; in time it will fit itself to the required conditions; later it will prefer them and will fiercely fight for them.
The very purpose of existence is to reconcile the glowing opinion we hold of ourselves with the appalling things that other people think about us.
Simplicity, patience, compassion. These three are your greatest treasures. Simple in actions and thoughts, you return to the source of being. Patient with both friends and enemies, you accord with the way things are. Compassionate toward yourself, you reconcile all beings in the world.
— Lao Tzu
Even the highest forms of sacrificial worship present much that is repulsive to modern ideas, and in particular it requires an effort to reconcile our imagination to the bloody ritual which is prominent in almost every religion which has a strong sense of sin.
— William Robertson Smith
I am hoping that in this year of the family we will go into our families and reconcile differences.
Much of my work in this period was concerned with exploring the logic of economic models, but also with attempting to reconcile the models with every day observation.
— Joseph Stiglitz
A tendency could not but arise to reconcile with Christian profession a good many modes of life, enjoyments, occupations, social actions and customs, from which the first Christians had recoiled.
— Robert Rainy
The Occultists, however, know that the traditions of Esoteric Philosophy must be the right ones, simply because they are the most logical, and reconcile every difficulty.
— H. P. Blavatsky
No account of the Renaissance can be complete without some notice of the attempt made by certain Italian scholars of the fifteenth century to reconcile Christianity with the religion of ancient Greece.
— Walter Pater
The love of power and the power to attract love were not easy to reconcile.
— Robert K. Massie
In Christ was united the human and the divine.
His mission was to reconcile God to man, and man to God; to unite the finite with the infinite.
— Ellen G. White
Related To Reconcile Quotations
appease quotes
appeases quotes
assuage quotes
solids quotes
applicable quotes
conciliate
axioms
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infers
harmonising
asserts
insistence
The hypothesis of matter's being at first evenly spread through the heavens is, in my opinion, inconsistent with the hypothesis of innate gravity without a supernatural power to reconcile them, and therefore, it infers a deity.
— Isaac Newton
The speed of change today is faster than the human psyche seems able to handle, and it's increasingly difficult to reconcile the rhythms of our personal lives with the rapidity of a twenty-four-hour news cycle.
I have frequently been questioned, especially by women, of how I could reconcile family life with a scientific career. Well, it has not been easy.
— Marie Curie
Every account of a higher power that I've seen described, of all religions that I've seen, include many statements with regard to the benevolence of that power. When I look at the universe and all the ways the universe wants to kill us, I find it hard to reconcile that with statements of beneficence.
— Neil deGrasse Tyson
Everything about me is a contradiction, and so is everything about everybody else. We are made out of oppositions; we live between two poles. There's a philistine and an aesthete in all of us, and a murderer and a saint. You don't reconcile the poles. You just recognize them.
— Orson Welles
There are things in my life that are hard to reconcile, like divorce.
Sometimes it is very difficult to make sense of how it could possibly happen. Laying blame is so easy. I don't have time for hate or negativity in my life. There's no room for it.
— Reese Witherspoon
The objective I propose is quite simple to state: to foster the infrastructure of democracy - the system of a free press, unions, political parties, universities - which allows a people to choose their own way to develop their own culture, to reconcile their own differences through peaceful means.
— Ronald Reagan
How can you possibly reconcile the justice of God with the idea that only through Christ can you be saved? Most of the world lives and dies and never even hears of Christ. There has to be some mechanism set up for all those who have ever lived to have an opportunity to hear of Christ.
— Stephen Covey
The average Nigerian person has come to reconcile himself with the fact that his or her social progress remain essentially in his or her hands in collaboration with other fellow Nigerians and not merely relying on what government alone could provide for him or her.
— Ibrahim Babangida


250mm Whisk attachment included in this deal.
Our new Chef-Hub lightweight handheld stick blenders are ideal for use in all commercial environments. Delivering a consistent and reliable performance every time. Fully customizable with interchangeable shafts and whisks (sold separately) These stick blenders are perfect for mixing large volumes of soups, sauce and other similar foods types. Please note these blenders are intended for mixing/blending liquid based and soft foods, This listing includes both the 400mm long shaft with blade attachment, AND the duel whisk attachment. Both are easily interchangeable by simply unscrewing the attachment and removing them.


In honor of the Altitude Design Summit taking place this week, I want to share some of my favorite stops in Salt Lake City. And speaking of ALT, I'm super excited to be attending again this year...it will be more relaxing to be just an attendee and not worry about speaking on a panel this time. Although, admittedly it will be strange to be stranded downtown and not have the chance to visit friends I miss so much. Anyway, I'd love to know if any of you will be in attendance...let me know if you are!
Franks Pazzo Vita - This is where men like to lunch; it's downhome Italian cooking at its best. Everything is homemade and the portions are large. A bit off the beaten path, it's truly a hidden gem.
City Greek Express- The best little gyro ever. Order the gyro (traditional) and Greek Salad for the optimum experience. The location is random, but if you don't mind feeling like you might be on the wrong side of town, you're good to go.
Fresco Italian Cafe - a tiny restaurant tucked away in a residential neighborhood that is very romantic. We ate there every year on our anniversary. Great memories and great food!
Les Madeleines - this is both a favorite "eat" and "treat". My favorite treats are the Carrot Cake Cookie Sandwich and the Meyer Lemon Tar. My favorite savory item is probably the Wagyu Burger--usually burgers don't do much for me, but this one is stellar. And it's on brioche :) Don't forget to try the Lavendar Lemonade too!
Tin Angel Cafe - Funky lunch spot with great food. Good location too.
Antelope Island - technically not in SLC, but pretty close. I love Antelope Island--it's a beautiful oasis and unlike anything I've seen. It feels very remote despite the fact that it's 35 minutes from downtown.
Sundance Catalog Outlet - Aaahhh...the birthplace of my Tolix chair set :) While you don't see many Tolix chairs there anymore, you do see many other fantastic French-industrial-esque pieces. It's a must-stop in my book!
Decades - Best vintage shopping in SLC. And if you have small feet (i.e. size 6 or under), then you're in luck. I've spotted vintage Salvatore Ferragamo heels there for just $30. City Greek Express, mentioned above, is across the street so hit them both at the same time.
Koo de Ker - Affordable fashion in a funky neighborhood. Plus, Kyong, the owner, is a doll and is fun to chat with while you shop! Be sure to stop by Hip & Humble next door too.
Cactus & Tropicals - Who knew plant shopping could be so therapeutic? It's really quite an experience. You walk in...the air is warm and humid...classical music is playing...and the sound of water falling calms you. I loved updating my terrarium here.
Roots - The place to look up when you want to send flowers to someone with modern style. Occasionally they have great home accessories too.
Xpedx - This is the mother of all xpedx stores. Truly. They "test" out product here and therefore the selection is incredible. Great prices too.
Great picks! I am bummed I am not at the conference and I live in SLC! Enjoy!
Miss You! Thanks for personally guiding me through the best eats when we were living in the same place.
My new resolution. Visit every one of those eats this year. Yum! Thanks for the tips. The hubs and I have been looking for something new.
my husband and i celebrated one of our first special occasions together at Fresco, I'm so glad you highlighted it! mmmm.
You must add Bruges Waffles and Frites, just across the park from Tin Angel. They have divine Belgian waffles and a handful of other delicious treats. For dinner downtown, you might want to try Eva's at 310 (or so) and Main.
It must be dinnertime...this all sounds so delicious!
Great list! You listed most of my favorite spots.
oli worked at fresco in highschool! this list makes me want to plan a visit to slc soon.


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Aljazeera and Imemc.org reported earlier this month that an Israeli crackdown on food and fuel deliveries was intensifying Gaza's humanitarian crisis. Israel acted in response to rocket attacks that followed Israeli air assaults. The halt in fuel deliveries for Gaza's only electrical generating facility paid for by the EU, caused lights out and stalled sewage treatment plants.
Last month, Israel prevented 100 international specialists from attending a World Health Organization mental health conference. Journalists were barred from entering Gaza. Food and fuel deliveries resumed Nov. 12.
Weekly protests in four cities since September against Malaysia's Internal Security Law, which authorizes indefinite detention without trial, now attract up to 300 people.
On Nov. 10, near Kuala Lumpur, police abused and arrested 23 demonstrators. On hand and unscathed was government critic and blogger Raja Petra Kamarudin, released from jail shortly after an unexpected Superior Court ruling Nov. 5 acknowledging his rights under habeas corpus "a brave decision," according to Bar Council vice-president Ragunath Kesavan.
Analysts cited by Inter Press Service attributed the crackdown to the government's poor showing in elections last March, Prime Minister Abdullah Badawi's decision to resign as of next March, and jostling among possible successors.
Three days after municipal elections Nov. 9, with 86 percent of the votes counted, the Supreme Election Council reported victory by the ruling Sandinista party (FSLN) in 91 municipalities. The Constitutionalist Liberal Party took 49 mayoral posts. On hand were 120 international observers from 12 countries.
In Managua, Liberal candidate and banker Eduardo Montealegre charged election officials with skewing election results to give FSLN rival Alexis Arguello, an ex-boxer, a 7-point advantage. Street protests there left one dead and several wounded. Victory in the Managua mayor's race is being viewed as necessary preparation for aspiring to Nicaragua's presidency, according to Prensa Latina. Montealegre lost the 2006 presidential contest to Sandinista Daniel Ortega.
The World Economic Forum issued a press release last week (see www.weforum.org) providing a one-year update of its Global Gender Gap Index. The survey ranked Norway first in closing gaps between women and men, followed respectively by Finland, Sweden, Iceland and New Zealand. Their percentages hover around 80 percent; countries at the bottom score 45 percent and upwards.
Measured categories include economic participation, educational attainment, political empowerment and health and survival. A positive correlation is suggested between gender gap scores and national economic viability.
The report emphasizes that it is possible to achieve improvements over brief periods of time; it also warns that gaps in health status have generally widened. The United States was in 27th place.
With defeated presidential candidate Michael Sata challenging victor Rupiah Banda in court and the price of copper, source of 80 percent of Zambia's foreign income, falling 55 percent over two years, the world's seventh largest copper producer is facing uncertainty.
On Oct. 31 business-friendly Banda, an aide to former president Levy Mwanawasa who died in August, narrowly turned back Sata, whose campaign focused on poverty reduction.
The UN's IRIN news service cited experts' predictions that government social support programs could go awry in tandem with declining copper prices and reduced yield from recently increased royalty taxes on copper. They identify rising food prices as contributing to popular unrest. Maize costs 61 percent more now than in 2006.