text:
JP3487782B2 - Liquid crystal display - Google Patents
JP3487782B2 JP07203299A JP7203299A JP3487782B2 JP 3487782 B2 JP3487782 B2 JP 3487782B2 JP 07203299 A JP07203299 A JP 07203299A JP 7203299 A JP7203299 A JP 7203299A JP 3487782 B2 JP3487782 B2 JP 3487782B2
liquid crystal
crystal display
display device
理 伊東
真一 小村
昇一 廣田
郁夫 檜山
昌哉 足立
1999-03-17 Application filed by 株式会社日立製作所 filed Critical 株式会社日立製作所
G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
G02F1/1336—Illuminating devices
G02F1/133602—Direct backlight
G02F1/133603—Direct backlight with LEDs
G02F2201/00—Constructional arrangements not provided for in groups G02F1/00 - G02F7/00
G02F2201/12—Constructional arrangements not provided for in groups G02F1/00 - G02F7/00 electrode
G02F2201/34—Constructional arrangements not provided for in groups G02F1/00 - G02F7/00 reflector
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [0001] [0001] The present invention relates to a liquid crystal display device.
In particular, low power consumption, thin and light reflective LCDs
Equipment related. [0002] 2. Description of the Related Art In order to facilitate the operation of multifunctional electronic devices.
In addition, the importance of interfaces is increasing. Thin, light
Liquid crystal display devices that are characterized by low power consumption and low power consumption
Can be mounted without major changes in
Therefore, these interfaces are perfect. In recent years, to realize low power consumption,
Reflective color display liquid crystal devices are commercially available. Reflective type
Color liquid crystal display devices reflect light entering from outside
Since it is displayed, low power consumption can be expected. But,
Good display can be obtained in bright environment such as outdoors in fine weather
However, in dark environments such as indoors with weak lighting, the display is
There is a problem in that it becomes difficult to recognize and the visibility is reduced.
Specifically, a reflective color liquid crystal display device includes a polarizing plate.
A single polarizing plate type using one sheet and a liquid crystal layer added with a dichroic dye
There is a guest-host type, etc.
And contrast ratio are lower than printed matter such as color copy
Therefore, visibility tends to decrease in a dark environment. what if,
Reflectance and contrast equal or better than printed matter
That a reflective color liquid crystal display device with
However, in a darker environment, visibility will not decrease
Inevitable. [0004] Therefore, visibility in a dark environment is improved.
For this reason, an auxiliary light source is required for a reflective color LCD.
It becomes su. Conventional reflective color liquid crystal displays have
And an auxiliary light source called a light source. liquid crystal
The substrates holding the layers are arranged in order of the first substrate,
If you have a second board, the front light will be above the first board
(User side), the fluorescent lamp and the light guide plate
It is composed of Light guide plate has a higher refractive index than air
Material, and is arranged to cover the entire surface of the first substrate.
Have been. The lower surface of the light guide plate is parallel to the first substrate
In contrast, the upper surface of the light guide plate is inclined, and the interface with air
Has formed. The fluorescent lamp is located on the side of the light guide plate.
The light generated here is incident on the light guide plate. Enter light guide plate
The component of the emitted light that propagates parallel to the lower surface of the light guide plate is
The light reaches the upper surface of the light guide plate, and the refractive index difference between the light guide plate and air causes
And is reflected in the direction of the first substrate to illuminate the liquid crystal display
I do. [0005] Further, in a conventional reflection type color liquid crystal display device,
Is a color filter similar to a transmissive color liquid crystal display.
There has been known a configuration for performing color display using the image data. This place
Improves the brightness when no auxiliary light source is used
Therefore, the reflective color liquid crystal display
Light color filters are used as filters. For the above-mentioned front light, for example,
JP-A-10-268308 and JP-A-10-268
No. 306. [0007] Further, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 10-217991 discloses
Is a planar auxiliary light source that covers the entire surface of the liquid crystal display device.
Is disclosed. This auxiliary light source
Is a transparent light source.
An electroluminescent device has been disclosed. This
The auxiliary light source is disposed so as to cover the entire surface of the first substrate.
The emitted light directly illuminates the liquid crystal display. Ma
Also, external light passes through the electrodes and light emitting layer of the auxiliary light source.
The display reaches the display portion. [0008] SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION A conventional front light
Because the light guide of 3 mm or more has a thickness of 3 mm or more,
The thin and lightweight characteristics of the liquid crystal display device are lost. Also,
The upper surface of the lontolite light guide is designed to absorb light incident from outside.
Reflection reduces the contrast ratio.
is there. A liquid crystal display device that combines this with a touch panel
If you try to make it, the number of interfaces with air will increase further
Therefore, the contrast ratio further decreases. In the front light, a fluorescent lamp is used.
Ideally, if the light propagates parallel to the lower surface of the light guide plate,
In fact, some components do not propagate as such. Also,
The light reflection on the upper surface of the light guide plate is the refractive index between the light guide plate and air.
Low reflectivity due to difference. Therefore, Freon
Light efficiency of the light is not high, and sufficient brightness is obtained
For this purpose, the luminance of the fluorescent lamp must be increased.
Use of front lights is limited in dark environments
Although consumed to increase the brightness of the fluorescent lamp
The higher the power, the lower the consumption of reflective color LCD
The power feature is lost. On the other hand, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 10-21799 describes
Planar auxiliary covering the entire surface of the described liquid crystal display
The light source emits light not only to the liquid crystal layer but also to the user.
You. Therefore, the light that goes directly to the user's side is
Is not modulated by the
You. As described above, the conventional auxiliary light source is a reflection type color light source.
ー The thin, lightweight and low power consumption features of LCD
In addition, there is a problem of lowering the contrast ratio.
Was. Further, the reflection type color liquid crystal display device is described above.
It is necessary to use a light color filter like
A color filter is a color filter that contains less pigment than normal
Since it is a filter, it is a filter for transmissive color LCDs.
Lower color purity at the expense of higher transmittance than color filters
No. In general, a reflection type using a color filter
In the case of a color liquid crystal display device, the color purity of the display color is
Square of filter transmission spectrum and emission spectrum of source light
It is determined by multiplying by Torr. Therefore, the reflective color LCD table
Since the display device uses a light-color filter, the light source light
In the case of white light, the color purity is a transmissive color LCD
Significantly lower than. Reflective color liquid crystal display
If the auxiliary light source is not turned on, external light
Is the light source, and most of it is white light, so the color purity of the displayed color
Was low. In addition, conventional front lights use white light.
Therefore, the color purity is low even when the auxiliary light source is turned on.
Was. The present invention relates to a reflection type liquid crystal display device.
Offers a liquid crystal display device with a high contrast ratio
The purpose is to do. [0015] [MEANS FOR SOLVING THE PROBLEMS] To achieve the above object
According to the present invention, the following liquid crystal display device is provided.
Is done. That is, according to the present invention,First group
A plate, a second substrate facing the first substrate,
Provided between the first substrate and the second substrateLiquid crystal layer
When,The liquid crystal layer is disposed between the liquid crystal layer and the second substrate.
Provided for each display pixelApplying an electric field to the liquid crystal layer
Reflective electrode and the liquid crystal layerAnd between the first substrateBefore
It is arranged so as to cover the display part of the liquid crystal layer,The liquid crystal layer
A light-emitting element layer that emits light toward the
The light emitting electrode transmits through the liquid crystal layer from the first substrate side.
Reflected light toward the liquid crystal layer, the light emitting element layer
Is a light-emitting layer and a light-emitting layer.
On the side of the first substrate and the side of the liquid crystal layer,
Having a pair of light emitting electrode layers arranged,The light emitting layer
The light emitting part of is linear,Provided for each display pixel
ReflectionelectrodeNext to each otherPosition facing the electrode gap
Placed on theThe main plane of the light emitting section is
In such a way that the light emission direction is directed to one of the adjacent reflective electrodes.
A main plane of the first substrate and a main plane of the second substrate.
Leaning against the plane,Liquid crystal display device characterized by the above-mentioned.
Is provided. [0017] DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS One embodiment of the present invention will be described.
This will be described using the drawings. First, a reflection type liquid crystal according to an embodiment of the present invention
The structure of the display device will be described with reference to FIG. The reflection type liquid crystal display device of the present embodiment is shown in FIG.
As shown in FIG. 1, between the first substrate 11 and the second substrate 12
The liquid crystal layer 10 is held. The second substrate 12 has a liquid crystal layer
A reflective electrode that serves both as a reflector and an electrode on the side close to 10
21 and an active element for supplying a voltage to the reflective electrode 21
46 is provided. The first substrate 11 is close to the liquid crystal layer 10.
The plane light source 31 is provided on the side in contact. The flat light source 31 has a laminated structure.
Some of the layers (layers 35, 22) are opaque.
The opaque layers 35 and 22 do not cover the entire display portion.
Cover only a part of it. In the configuration of FIG.
Reference numeral 2 denotes a portion where the reflective electrode 21 does not exist as shown in FIG.
They are arranged in a matrix in the heart. This allows the plane
The opaque layers 35 and 22 of the light source 31 are black matrices.
Is also used. The shape of the opaque layers 35, 22 is
In addition to the stripe shape, for example, the shape may be a stripe shape or a comb tooth shape.
You may. The flat light source 31 is connected to the opposing second substrate 12.
The light emitted on the side of the first substrate 11 is
By being reflected by the layer 22, the second substrate 12
Proceed to the side. Therefore, the light emitted from the planar light source 31
Most of the light is transmitted through the liquid crystal layer 10 and the flat light source 31
Is not directly emitted to the user. The layer 35 on the side close to the first substrate 11 is
An anti-reflection layer having a low reflectance, and light from the outside is
To prevent the light from being reflected by the upper surface of the device and heading toward the user.
The reason is that this reflected light is not transmitted through the liquid crystal layer 10.
Light to reduce the contrast ratio.
You. The flat light source 31 has a laminated structure,
The light emitting layer 31 is the same as the opaque layers 35 and 22 described above.
The second substrate 12 is disposed on the side close to the second substrate 12. Flat light source
31 is, for example, an electroluminescent (EL) element
Can be configured. When using an EL element,
From the side close to the substrate 11, each layer is
One light source electrode 22, first dielectric layer 24, light emitting layer 13
First and second light source electrodes 23 are sequentially laminated, and the first light source electrode 23 is formed.
22 is a metal electrode, and the second light source electrode 23 is a metal oxide.
Transparent electrode. In this configuration, the light emitting layer 131
Of the first light source electrode22Only the lower part of the flash
Because the first light source electrode22Matrix with almost the same shape as
Is obtained. User side of emitted light
The light emitted to the (substrate 11 side) is the first light source electrode22
Reflected on the substrate 12 side, the liquid crystal
Light not passing through the layer 10 does not reach. An insulating layer is provided between the flat light source 31 and the liquid crystal layer 10.
41 is arranged. This insulating layer 41 is a simple insulating layer.
But fine particles for scattering the light from the planar light source 31
It can be made of a transparent resin containing a child. The flat light source 31 is shown in FIGS.
3, as shown in FIGS. 26 and 27 to 30, the first substrate 11
It is arranged so as to be inclined with respect to the substrate plane, and the first substrate 11
Emit light mainly in the direction inclined to the normal direction.
Can be To tilt the flat light source 31, for example,
For example, a matrix having a slope on the first substrate,
Form an ip-shaped or comb-shaped structure with a flat surface
The light source is formed. Form a structure with a slope
To do this, for example, a silicon nitride film is etched with a low selectivity.
A method of etching with an etching solution can be used. The flat light source 31 emits colored light.
Or a white light source. Yes
In the case of the planar light source 31 emitting colored light, as shown in FIG.
And B (blue) G between the flat light source 31 and the liquid crystal layer 10.
(Green) R (red) color filters 51, 52, 53
The light emitting layer 26 of the flat light source 31
The light emission type is changed to a color filter close to the planar light source 31.
51, 52, 53 colors.
You. That is, a planar light source close to the green color filter 52
The light-emitting species mainly emitting green light are provided in the 31 light-emitting layers 26.
Put in. Blue and red color filters 53 and 52
Do the same. At this time, as shown in FIG.
The light from the flat light source 31
Can be selectively irradiated in the direction of the color filter
It will work. The reflective electrode 21 has a mirror-finished surface.
The surface has irregularities to prevent the background of the person from being reflected
It is desirable that the shape be as follows. At this time, as shown in FIG.
Light source 31 whose normal to the concave and convex surface of the reflective electrode 21 is close to
Can be formed to be inclined in the direction of.
Furthermore, the direction of the flat light source where the normal of the uneven surface is mainly close
And the substrate normal direction can be formed in two
You. When a color filter is used, an uneven surface
Normal to the direction of the flat light source corresponding to the color filter.
What is necessary is just to form it. Furthermore, the normal of the uneven surface is mainly
The direction of the flat light source corresponding to the color filter and the substrate normal
What is necessary is just to form so that a direction may be bisected. As described above, the reflection type liquid crystal display of this embodiment is
In the display device, a flat light source is arranged between the substrate 11 and the liquid crystal layer 10.
By placing it, light is guided like a conventional front light
Auxiliary light with high light use efficiency because no accompanying light loss occurs
The source is obtained. As a result, power consumption when using the auxiliary light source
Can be reduced. In addition, the conventional auxiliary light source of 3 mm or more
Since the thickness can be reduced to about 100 μm, the thickness and weight can be reduced. The flat light source 31 may be, for example, an organic EL element.
When the first light source electrode 22 is used as the metal electrode
Then, the second light source electrode 23 is made of a transparent electrode such as a metal oxide.
The light emitted to the substrate 11 side is
Direction of the second substrate 12 which is reflected by the
Head for. On the other hand, the light emitted from the flat light source 31 toward the substrate 12 is
The reflected light travels directly to the substrate 12 side.
The planar light source 31 emits light mainly to the substrate 12 side.
Can be. This is reflected by the reflective electrode 21 on the second substrate 12.
If it shines, it is the same as if it reflects light entering from the outside
The light emitted from the planar light source 31 passes through the liquid crystal layer 10 twice.
To reach the user. Opaque among the layers constituting the flat light source 31
Layers 35 and 25 are connected to display pixels of the liquid crystal layer 1 (of the reflective electrode 21).
(Corresponding to the shape)
The flat light source 31 between the liquid crystal layer 10 and the first substrate.
High aperture ratio can be obtained without turning on the flat light source 31.
High brightness even when using the LCD in a bright environment
Degree. The light emission of the light emitting layer 131 of the flat light source 31
The part to be formed has the shape of the first light source electrode 22 as described above.
To accommodate this, the light emitting unit is
And is distributed so as to face the gap between the pixels. example
If the size of one pixel (the outer shape of the reflective electrode) is 85 μm
× 285 μm, the width of the light emitting portion (first light source electrode
22 width) can be about 15 μm. Therefore, a planar light source
31 is sufficiently separated from the liquid crystal layer 10 and the flat light source 31 is
By the time the emitted light reaches the reflective electrode 21,
Illuminate a wider area of the pixel if sufficiently scattered
Can be. For example, there is a gap between the flat light source 31 and the liquid crystal layer 10.
An edge layer 42 is disposed, and this insulating layer 42 is a simple insulating layer.
Transparent resin containing fine particles to scatter light
When configured, the light of the flat light source 31 is spread by the insulating layer 42.
The liquid crystal layer 10 has a wider portion of the display pixel.
Minutes can be illuminated. The plane light source 31 is placed on the main plane of the first substrate 11.
To be inclined with respect to the first substrate 11 in the normal direction.
Even when the light is emitted mainly in the direction inclined to
A wider portion of the pixel of the liquid crystal layer 10 can be illuminated.
You. An organic EL element is used for the flat light source 31.
In this case, the first light source electrode 22 and the second light source electrode 23
To emit light by applying a voltage of about 5 V between
Can be An inorganic EL element was used for the plane light source 31
In the case, the first light source electrode 22 and the second light source electrode 23
The light is emitted by applying a voltage of about 100 V during
Can be made. The flat light source 31 and the liquid crystal layer 10 are sufficiently
The electric field generated by the flat light source 31 is
It does not affect the crystal layer 10.
As described above, the insulating layer 4 is provided between the flat light source 31 and the liquid crystal layer 10.
2, the electric field generated by the planar light source 31 is reduced.
Can be shut off. The flat light source 31 is a colored light source,
A color filter is arranged between the liquid crystal layer 31 and the liquid crystal layer 10,
Colors that make the light-emitting species constituting the light-emitting layer of the surface light source 31 close to each other
If the configuration corresponds to the color of the filter,
Reduces the light absorptance of the light emitted from the flat light source 31 by the filter
And light utilization efficiency can be increased. As described in the prior art, the color filter
In the case of a reflective color liquid crystal display device using
The color purity depends on the emission spectrum of the light from the light source and the color filter.
It is determined by the product of the squares of the transmission spectrum. Therefore, the plane
If the light source 31 is a colored light source with high color purity,
The color purity when lit is significantly better than when a white light source is used.
Color purity close to that of a transmissive color LCD
You. When the planar light source is a colored light source having high color purity,
Also in this case, the planar light source 31 is moved with respect to the main plane of the first substrate 11.
Tilting is effective. This allows the corresponding color
Selectively direct light in the direction of the color filter.
Color flatness at the time of lighting 31 flat light sources.
Wear. The user normally puts the liquid crystal display on the substrate 11
Observed from the normal direction, the liquid crystal display device of the present embodiment
In the case of, the plane light source 31 is inclined with respect to the normal of the substrate 11.
Light is irradiated to the reflective electrode 21 from the direction. Therefore,
Irregularities are formed on the reflecting surface of the reflective electrode 21 and the shape of the irregularities
By controlling the normal direction of the substrate observed by the user
Can reflect more planar light source light. The normal of the uneven surface is
Forming so as to be inclined in the direction of the adjacent planar light source 31
Reflects a lot of planar light source light in the normal direction of the substrate 11
it can. Furthermore, the normal of the uneven surface is mainly
So that the direction of the source 31 and the normal direction of the substrate 11 are bisected
If formed, it is the most ideal. In this case, the planar light source light
Since 31 is regularly reflected in the normal direction of the substrate 11, the substrate 1
Can reflect the most light from the planar light source 31 in the normal direction of 1.
You. The planar light source 31 is a colored light source having high color purity.
In such a case, unevenness may be formed on the reflection surface of the reflection electrode 21.
Is valid. In this case, the corresponding color filter
Reflect the transmitted light in the direction normal to the substrate observed by the user.
By designing the shape of the irregularities so that
The color purity when the surface light source is turned on can be further improved. Hereinafter, the contents of the embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
This will be described more specifically with reference to FIG. [First Embodiment] A first embodiment of the present invention.
A liquid crystal display device according to an embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. The liquid crystal display device of the present embodiment is shown in FIG.
Thus, a pair of substrates 11 and 12 are provided. The first substrate of the pair of substrates 11 and 12
11 is made of borosilicate glass and has a thickness of 0.7 m.
m. On the surface of the substrate 11 on the side close to the liquid crystal layer 10
Are the planar light source 31, the first insulating layer 42, the common electrode 20,
First alignment films 15 are sequentially stacked. Meanwhile, the second
The substrate 12 has the same material and thickness as the first substrate 11,
On the second substrate 12, a reflective electrode 21, an active element
46 and the like are mounted. The flat light source 31 has a laminated structure,
The antireflection layer 35 and the first
A light source electrode 22, a first dielectric layer 24, a light emitting layer 131,
This is a configuration in which the second light source electrode 23 is stacked. Anti-reflective
The stop layer 35 is made of aluminum oxide and has a thickness of 0.2 μm.
m. The first light source electrode 22 is made of aluminum,
Its layer thickness is 1.0 μm. Note that the anti-reflection layer 35
The first light source electrode 22 is formed of chromium oxide.
It may be formed. The antireflection layer 35 is made of a metal oxide.
Alternatively, it may be formed of a light absorber such as a pigment, and the first light
The source electrode 22 may be formed of another metal. Of the layers constituting the flat light source 31, the reflection
The prevention layer 35 and the first light source electrode 22 do not transmit visible light.
Are the first dielectric layer 24, the light emitting layer 131, and the second electrode 2
3 is transparent to visible light. In addition, the first light source
The shape of the pole 22 has two pairs of poles as viewed from the normal direction of the substrate 11.
The tripes have a matrix shape orthogonal to each other. First
The width of the stripe of the light source electrode 22 is 35 μm.
The width between the tripe and the stripe is 265 μm.
You. The anti-reflection layer 35 is, as viewed from the normal direction of the substrate 11,
The first light source electrode 22 has the same shape as the first light source electrode 22.
It is arranged so as to overlap with the pole 22. The light emitting layer 131 is made of an organic material containing phosphor powder.
It is made of an indah and its layer thickness is 50 μm. Phosphor powder
Finally, in this embodiment, ZnS powder to which Mn is added is used.
Used, the particle size is distributed in the range of about 5μm to 20μm
are doing. Organic binder is cyanoethyl cellulose
Was used. The first dielectric layer 24 is made of SiOTwoFrom
The layer thickness was 10 μm. First dielectric layer 24
Is SiOTwoBesides, YTwoOThree, AlTwoOThree, TaTwoOFive, S
iThreeNFourMay be formed, or BaTiOThreeAnd Pb
TiOThreeIt may be formed of a ferroelectric material such as. The second light source electrode 23 is made of ITO.
Its layer thickness is 0.2 μm. FIG. 2 shows the state at the end of the first substrate 11.
First light source electrode 22 and light emitting layer 131, first dielectric layer
24 and the shape and arrangement of the second light source electrode 23.
You. The exposed portion of the first light source electrode 22 and the second light source electrode
The exposed portions of the pole 23 and the common electrode 20 are both in the liquid crystal layer 10.
Outside the seal portion 81 that seals the. Moreover, these three
Are sufficiently far away from each other to prevent short circuits.
Between the first light source electrode 22 and the second light source electrode 23.
A field can be applied. The light source 31 of the present embodiment
In the case of the configuration, the first light source electrode 22 and the second light source electrode
Apply an AC electric field with an effective voltage of about 100 V between
Emits light with a wavelength in the range of 500 nm to 650 nm.
can do. An acrylic organic material is used for the first insulating layer 42.
A polymer film is used and its thickness is about 100 μm. Common
The electrode 20 is made of ITO and has a layer thickness of 0.2 μm.
The first alignment film 15 is made of Nissan Chemical's polyimide-based material.
An organic polymer film was used. The reflection electrode 21 on the second substrate 12 is made of Al
And a layer thickness of 2000 mm. Active element 4
Reference numeral 6 denotes an inverted staggered thin film transistor. Reflective electrode
Reference numeral 21 denotes a light source that reflects light transmitted through the liquid crystal 10 from the substrate 11 side.
A liquid crystal between the common electrode 20 and the function as a reflecting plate
Applying an electric field to the layer 10 causes the liquid crystal layer 10 to emit light.
Transparent light (on) display or non-transparent dark (off)
A function of changing the display. Reflective electrode 21
Are separated from each other in a predetermined shape and
Are located. The number is 480 vertically and horizontally
640. Each of the matrix-shaped reflective electrodes 21
This forms one pixel. Here, the reflection electrode 21 is schematically illustrated.
Approximately square, the size is about 275μm × 275μm
And Adjacent reflective electrodes 21 are 25 μm apart,
The aperture ratio is about 84%. Each of the reflection electrodes 21 has an active element.
46 is connected by a through hole 41 filled with a conductor
Have been. Between the reflective electrode 21 and the active element 46
The second insulating layer 43 made of SiNx and the formation of the first unevenness
Layers 45 are disposed and insulated by them. first
The unevenness forming layer 45 makes the shape of the reflective electrode 21 uneven.
Are arranged for. Making the reflective electrode 21 uneven
As a result, the light transmitted through the liquid crystal 10 is scattered and
The user's background is reflected on the reflective electrode 21
And the entire liquid crystal layer 10 is illuminated.
can do. The first concavo-convex forming layer 45 is made of a positive type or
It is formed of a negative photosensitive resin. First irregularities
The formation layer 45 is formed like an island between the second insulating layer and the reflective electrode.
Several are arranged. The first unevenness forming layer 45 is
As a forming method to make the shape
After forming into a film, formed into a cylindrical shape by photolithography
And then heated to deform its shape, as shown in FIG.
To make an island shape with a gentle slope
Used. Since the reflective electrode 21 is formed thereon,
The surface of the light emitting electrode 21 has a gently uneven surface to improve light scattering.
Granted. The second alignment film 16 has the first alignment film 15
Using Nissan Chemical's polyimide organic polymer
Was. Rubbing the first alignment film 15 and the second alignment film 16
Orientation treatment is performed by the method. And the first after assembly
Orientation direction of the first alignment film 15 and the second alignment film 16 is 240 degrees
Was made. These two substrates 11, 12
The alignment films face each other so that they face each other.
The crystal layer 10 is held. The surroundings of the substrates 11 and 12
It is sealed by a seal part 81. Also, two substrates
To keep the distance between 11 and 12 and to make the liquid crystal layer thickness uniform
A spacer (not shown) is provided between the two substrates 11 and 12.
) Is sandwiched. The spacer is a spherical polymer bead
And its diameter is 7 μm,
I have. Dispersion density is 1cmTwoApproximately 100 pieces per unit. Shi
The rubber part 81 is made of spherical polymer beads in an epoxy resin.
Was formed and applied to the periphery of the display section. The liquid crystal layer 10 has an anthraquinone-based liquid crystal.
And diazo dichroic dyes and Merck Kaira
Agent S811 and a liquid crystal composition MLZ47 manufactured by Merck
A mixture of 92 was used. The weight ratio of S811 is about 0.9%
And MLZ4792 has a positive dielectric anisotropy,
It is a high-resistance liquid crystal composition capable of active driving. Although not shown in FIG. 1, a flat light source
A drive circuit is connected to each of the reflective electrode 31 and the reflective electrode 21.
Has been continued. In addition, reinforcement around the substrates 11 and 12
It has a gold frame. Liquid crystal display device in this state
Had a thickness of 5.1 mm. The liquid crystal display of FIG.
When viewed from the normal direction of the substrate 11, the first light source electrode 22 and
The positional relationship of the reflection electrode 21 is as shown in FIG. Sand
That is, the first light source electrode 22 overlaps the gap between the reflective electrodes 21.
Are distributed in a matrix. For this reason,
The first light source electrode 22 that does not transmit light is separated from the liquid crystal layer 10
Is high even though it is arranged on the first substrate 11 side.
An aperture ratio is obtained. In the liquid crystal display device of the present embodiment,
The aperture ratio in this state is 78%. The anti-reflection layer 35 and the first light source electrode 2
2 also functions as a black matrix, and the reflective electrode 2
2 is not present, and
This has the effect of increasing the contrast ratio. The liquid crystal display device is externally illuminated with white light.
And the voltage applied to the reflective electrode 21 with the gate open
And the applied voltage dependence of the reflectance was measured. So
FIG. 4 shows the results. Normally closed type
The threshold voltage at which reflectivity begins to increase
It is at 2.7V. Reflectance when effective value of applied voltage is 1V
Is 10%, the reflectance at 10 V is 32%,
3.2: 1 contrast by driving between both voltages
Ratio was obtained. Next, the first and second plane light sources 31
Frequency 60 Hz, effective voltage between light source electrodes 22 and 23
When an AC electric field of 100 V is applied, the planar light source 31
Emits light and illuminates the entire display section of the liquid crystal display with yellow-orange light
Thus, the display could be read even in a dark room. Ma
The contrast ratio at that time was 3.0: 1,
Approximately the same value as when measured by irradiating white light from
Was done. Brightness of bright display is 21 cd / mTwoMet. this
The high contrast ratio was obtained because the flat light source 3
1 emits light only in the gap between the pixels, and
The light emitted toward the light source is reflected by the first light source electrode 22.
Therefore, the emitted light is not directly emitted to the user side.
It is. As a result, the liquid crystal layer 10 is exposed in the same
Light emitted by the liquid crystal
Almost all can be modulated in layer 10. As described above, the liquid crystal layer 10 of the first substrate
By providing a flat light source on the close side, the liquid crystal display
Reading in dark environments without increasing the thickness of the display
Enabled. Moreover, when the flat light source 31 is turned on,
It is possible to obtain almost the same contrast ratio as during light irradiation.
Was. Embodiment 2 Next, a second embodiment of the present invention will be described.
A liquid crystal display device according to an embodiment will be described with reference to FIG.
You. The liquid crystal display device shown in FIG.
The material of the optical layer 131 is different from the liquid crystal display device of FIG. In the liquid crystal display device shown in FIG.
The thickness of the light emitting layer 131 is reduced and the thickness of the first dielectric layer 2 is reduced.
4 and the second dielectric layer 25. Emitting layer
131 has a thickness of 1 μm, and the first dielectric layer 24 and the second dielectric layer
The thickness of each of the dielectric layers 25 was 0.5 μm. Departure
The material of the optical layer 131 is ZnS to which Mn is added.
And ZnS were simultaneously deposited. Other configurations
Is the same as the liquid crystal display device of FIG. 1 of the first embodiment.
Therefore, the description is omitted. As described above, the light emitting layer 131 is formed by vapor deposition.
By using the film forming method, the light emitting layer 131 can be largely
Can be thin. Also, the first dielectric layer 24 and the second
The second dielectric layer 25 is formed by hot keys generated in the light emitting layer 131.
The first light source electrode 22 and the second light source electrode
It has a function of preventing the pole 23 from being damaged. The liquid crystal display device is externally illuminated with white light.
Measured the dependence of the reflectance on the applied voltage.
As in the first embodiment, a contrast ratio of 3.0: 1 can be obtained.
Was. The flat light source 31 has a frequency of 1 kHz,
When an AC electric field with an effective voltage of 200 V is applied, the liquid crystal display
The entire display section of the display device is illuminated with yellow-orange light, and
The display could be read even if it was. Brightness of bright display is 2
2 cd / mTwoMet. Also, the contrast ratio at that time
Is 3.5: 1, which is almost the same as that of the reflected light measurement.
Was done. As described above, the light emitting layer 131 is formed by vapor deposition.
By doing so, the layer thickness could be reduced significantly.
Also, in the case of the liquid crystal display device of FIG.
As described above, the plane light is applied to the side of the first substrate close to the liquid crystal layer 10.
Source without increasing the thickness of the LCD
It is now possible to read the display in a dark environment.
In addition, when the flat light source 31 is turned on, it is almost
A similar contrast ratio could be obtained. [Embodiment 3] A third embodiment of the present invention.
A liquid crystal display device according to an embodiment will be described. Sectional structure of liquid crystal display of this embodiment
Is the same as that of the second embodiment shown in FIG.
Of the first light source electrode 22 of the light source 31 and the anti-reflection layer 35
The surface shapes are different. FIG. 6 shows the actual structure of the substrate 11 viewed from the normal direction of the substrate 11.
Shape of First Light Source Electrode 22 and Reflective Electrode 21 of Embodiment
Is shown. The first light source electrode 22 is a stripe
And arranged so as to overlap the gap between the reflective electrodes 21
Have been. In addition, each stripe-shaped first light source electrode
Reference numerals 22 are connected to each other outside the display unit.
The antireflection layer 35 also has the same shape as the first light source electrode 22.
The first light source electrode 22 is disposed so as to overlap with the first light source electrode 22.
As described above, the liquid crystal display device of this embodiment has the first light
The source electrode 22 and the antireflection layer 35 were formed into stripes.
Therefore, a high aperture ratio is obtained, and the aperture ratio in the state of FIG.
2%. Also in this case, the anti-reflection layer 35 and the first light
The source electrode 22 also functions as a black matrix.
You. The liquid crystal display device is irradiated with white light and reflected.
When the dependence of the ratio on the applied voltage was measured, the 2.5: 1
The contrast ratio was obtained. In addition, the frequency of the
Display by applying an AC electric field of 1kHz, effective voltage 200V
The contrast ratio when the part was illuminated was measured in a dark room.
3.0: 1, almost the same value as when white light was radiated.
Was done. As described above, the anti-reflection layer 35 and the first light
When the planar shape of the source electrode 22 is a stripe shape
Display in a dark environment without increasing the thickness of the LCD.
Liquid crystal display device that can read
Was. Also, when the flat light source 31 is turned on, it is almost the same as when the external light is irradiated.
Various contrast ratios could be obtained. [Embodiment 4] A fourth embodiment of the present invention.
A liquid crystal display device according to an embodiment will be described. Cross-sectional structure of liquid crystal display device of the present embodiment
Is the same as the configuration of the second embodiment shown in FIG.
The embodiment refers to the first light source electrode 22 of the flat light source 31.
And the planar shape of the antireflection layer 35 is different. FIG. 7 shows the actual structure of the substrate 11 viewed from the normal direction.
Is shown. The first light source electrode 22 has a comb shape,
It is arranged so as to overlap the gap part of the reflection electrode 21.
You. Note that each comb-shaped first light source electrode 22 is connected to the display unit.
Are connected to each other outside. Anti-reflection layer 35
Has the same shape as the first light source electrode 22, and the first light source
The electrode 22 is disposed so as to overlap with the electrode 22. Thus, the implementation of this implementation
The liquid crystal display device according to the first aspect includes the first light source electrode 22 and the anti-reflection
Since the stop layer 35 has a comb shape, the anti-reflection layer 35 and the first
Even though the light source electrode 22 is arranged on the first substrate 11
Nevertheless, a high aperture ratio is obtained, and the aperture ratio in this state is
78%. Further, the anti-reflection layer 35 and the first light source
The electrode 22 also functions as a black matrix. The liquid crystal display device is irradiated with white light and reflected.
3.3: 1, almost the same value as when white light was irradiated.
Even when the planar shape of the source electrode 22 is comb-shaped,
Reading the display in a dark environment without increasing the thickness of the display
A liquid crystal display device which can be taken out was obtained. Also,
When the flat light source 31 is turned on, the control is almost the same as when the external light is irradiated.
A lath ratio could be obtained. Fifth Embodiment A fifth embodiment of the present invention.
A liquid crystal display device according to an embodiment will be described. Sectional structure of liquid crystal display device of this embodiment
And the planar shape of the antireflection layer 35 is different. In the liquid crystal display of the present embodiment, the first
The light source electrode 22 and the anti-reflection layer 35 have a planar shape on both sides.
Was changed to a comb shape with teeth. FIG. 8 shows the normal direction of the substrate 11.
Shape of first light source electrode 22 of the present embodiment viewed from above
And the shape of the reflection electrode 21 are shown. First light source electrode 22
Is a comb-like shape having teeth on both sides, and a gap between the reflective electrodes 21
It is arranged so as to overlap with the minute. In addition, each comb tooth
One light source electrode 22 is in contact with each other outside the display unit.
Has been continued. The antireflection layer 35 is formed of the first light source electrode 2.
2 and have the same shape as that of the first light source electrode 22.
Is done. Due to such a shape, the liquid of the present embodiment
The crystal display device comprises an anti-reflection layer 35 and a first light source electrode 22.
High opening despite being formed on the first substrate 11
The mouth ratio was obtained, and the opening ratio in this state was 78%.
The anti-reflection layer 35 and the first electrode 22 are
It also functions as a Rix. The white light is applied to the liquid crystal display of this embodiment.
Irradiation measured the applied voltage dependence of the reflectance.
A contrast ratio of 2.9: 1 was obtained. Also, flat light
An AC electric field having a frequency of 1 kHz and an effective voltage of 200 V is applied to the source 31.
The contrast ratio when the display is illuminated by applying
Was 3.3: 1, which was almost the same as when white light was irradiated.
A similar value was obtained. As described above, the anti-reflection layer 35 and the first light
The planar shape of the source electrode 22 is comb-shaped with teeth on both sides.
Even in a dark environment without increasing the thickness of the LCD
To obtain a liquid crystal display device capable of reading a display on a computer
did it. Also, when the flat light source 31 is turned on, it is almost the same as when the external light is irradiated.
A similar contrast ratio was obtained. Embodiment 6 Embodiment 6 of the present invention
A liquid crystal display device according to an embodiment will be described. In the liquid crystal display device of the present embodiment,
The liquid crystal display device has the same laminated structure as the liquid crystal display device according to the second embodiment.
The first dielectric layer 24 of the flat light source 31 and the light emitting layer
131, the second dielectric layer 25 and the second light source electrode 23
The planar shape is the same as the planar shape of the first light source electrode 22.
The shape was a matrix. That is, the first dielectric layer
24, the light emitting layer 131 and the second light source electrode 23
It is arranged only in a portion overlapping with the light source electrode 22. Ma
The second dielectric layer 24 overlaps the first light source electrode 22.
In addition to the light emitting layer 131,
It is arranged to cover. The second dielectric layer 24 is
With such an arrangement, the light generated in the light emitting layer 131 was generated.
Electrons having high kinetic energy cause the emission layer 131 to break.
Can prevent it from reaching other layers through the surface
Both reduce the damage of the light emitting layer 131 in the manufacturing process
can do. The liquid crystal display device was irradiated with white light to
When the dependence of the emissivity on the applied voltage was measured, it was 3.6: 1.
A contrast ratio was obtained. In addition, the frequency is
Applying an AC electric field of several kHz and an effective voltage of 200 V
The contrast ratio when the display was illuminated was measured in a dark room.
Roller 3.7: 1, which is almost the same value as when white light is irradiated.
Obtained. The contrast ratios are as follows:
From the contrast ratio of the liquid crystal display device of the fifth embodiment
Is also expensive. The reason is that in the configuration of FIG.
In the opening of the pole 22, the first dielectric layer 24 and the light emitting layer 13
1, the second dielectric layer 25 and the second light source electrode 23 are present
The number of layers in the opening
Light passing through the liquid crystal layer 10 and traveling toward the user is transmitted.
This is because the number of interfaces has decreased. As a result, the interface
The first and third to fifth to fifth embodiments, including the second embodiment,
Contrast ratio compared to the liquid crystal display device of the embodiment
Increased. [Seventh Embodiment] A seventh embodiment of the present invention.
Is almost the same as the configuration in FIG.
The material of one insulating layer 42 is changed to a material that scatters light.
And the second unevenness forming layer 45 is not arranged,
The reflective electrode 21 was directly disposed on the insulating layer 43. Accordingly
Thus, the reflection electrode 21 was a flat surface without irregularities. First
The material of the insulating layer 42 is, specifically, silicon fine particles.
Was dispersed into an acrylic organic polymer. Silicone fine
The particles are almost spherical, with a diameter of 3 μm to 10 μm.
did. The first insulating layer 42 is made of fine particles made of silicon.
The first insulating layer 4 is changed to a dispersed acrylic organic polymer.
2 is provided with light scattering properties so that the reflective electrode 21 is flat.
A light scattering property is obtained also as a surface, and the liquid crystal display of Embodiment 2
Display characteristics almost equivalent to those of the device were obtained. Only
Also, the liquid crystal display device of the present embodiment
Since there is no need to form the unevenness forming layer 45 of FIG.
Process can be simplified. Note that the liquid crystal display of this embodiment has a white color.
The dependence of the reflectance on applied voltage was measured by irradiating light.
In addition, a contrast ratio of 3.0: 1 was obtained. Also, flat
AC of frequency 1 kHz and effective voltage 200 V to the surface light source 31
The contrast ratio when illuminating the display by applying an electric field
It was 3.4: 1 when measured in a dark room.
Approximately the same value was obtained. As described above, light scattering occurs on the first insulating layer 42.
By adding properties, the manufacturing process can be simplified and
Also, a reflective liquid crystal display that can obtain a high contrast ratio
An indicating device can be obtained. Eighth Embodiment Eighth Embodiment of the Present Invention
A liquid crystal display device according to an embodiment will be described. The liquid crystal display device according to the present embodiment has the form
The configuration is the same as that of the liquid crystal display device of FIG.
0, the gap between the first substrate 11 and the anti-reflection layer 35.
A new inclined layer 40 having a triangular surface is formed.
An anti-reflection layer 35 and a first light source
Embodiment 2 is different from Embodiment 2 in that electrodes 22 are arranged. Inclination
The layer 40 is made of SiNxConsists of The gradient layer 40 here
Its cross section is an isosceles triangle, and the width and height of its base are
They were 80 μm and 10 μm, respectively. This inclined layer 40
As a method of forming, a SiNxLayer
And etch it with an etchant with a low selectivity.
Can be used. In the liquid crystal display device shown in FIG.
Formed with the anti-reflection layer 35 and the first light source electrode 22
Thereby, the plane light source 31 is inclined with respect to the normal line of the substrate 11.
It emits light mainly in the direction. Thereby, the emission of the flat light source 31 is performed.
More light reaches the reflective electrode 21 and becomes brighter.
The degree can be improved. More specifically, the plane light source 31 has a frequency of 1 kHz.
z, applying an AC electric field with an effective voltage of 200 V to display
As a result, the brightness of the bright display was 27 cd / mTwoMet. This
Is higher than that of the liquid crystal display device of the second embodiment.
is there. Ninth Embodiment A ninth embodiment of the present invention.
A liquid crystal display device according to an embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. The liquid crystal display of this embodiment shown in FIG.
A structure similar to that of the liquid crystal display device of FIG.
The size of the inclined layer 40 is smaller than that of FIG.
This is different from the eighth embodiment. And the anti-reflection layer
35 and the first light source electrode 22 are connected to one inclined surface of the inclined layer 40.
Between the surface and the portion of the substrate 11 where the inclined layer 40 does not exist.
It is arranged so that. Specifically, the bottom of the inclined layer 40
Were 40 μm and 6 μm, respectively. In such a configuration, the flat light source 3
1 mainly emits light in a direction inclined with respect to the normal line of the substrate 11
Therefore, the light emitted from the flat light source 31 is more
, And the luminance can be improved. Specifically, a frequency of 1 kHz is applied to the planar light source 31.
z, display is performed by applying an AC electric field with an effective voltage of 200V
is there. [Embodiment 10] Tenth embodiment of the present invention
The liquid crystal display device of the embodiment will be described with reference to FIG.
You. The liquid crystal display device of this embodiment shown in FIG.
The configuration is the same as that of the liquid crystal display device of the eighth embodiment shown in FIG.
However, the point that the cross-sectional shape of the inclined layer 40 is trapezoidal
Different from state 8. Then, the anti-reflection layer 35 and the first light source
Electrode 22 is arranged only on one slope of the trapezoid of the inclined layer 44.
It is location. Here, the width of the base of the trapezoid of the inclined layer 40 is
100 μm, width of upper side is 20 μm, height is 10 μm
Was. As a result, the flat light source 31 is
Since light is mainly emitted in a direction inclined with respect to the line, the planar light source 3
1 emits more light to reach the reflective electrode 21.
Thus, the luminance can be improved. Around the flat light source 31
Apply an AC electric field with a wave number of 1 kHz and an effective voltage of 200 V
When the display was performed, the brightness of the bright display was 27 cd / m.Twoso
there were. This luminance is higher than that of the liquid crystal display device of the second embodiment.
It is a thing that turns. In the eighth to tenth embodiments, the inclination is
The example in which the layer 40 is formed into a triangle or a trapezoid is shown.
In addition, by changing the shape of the inclined layer 40 variously, the main
If the light emission direction is inclined with respect to the substrate normal,
The effect of improvement is obtained. [Embodiment 11] Eleventh embodiment of the present invention
The liquid crystal display device according to the embodiment will be described. FIG. 13 shows a liquid crystal display device according to this embodiment.
As shown, the liquid crystal display device shown in FIG.
The structure is the same as that of the first dielectric layer 24 and the light emitting layer 1.
The planar shape of the first light source electrode 31 and the second light source electrode 23
The same matrix shape as the planar shape of the electrode 22 was used.
This is different from the eighth embodiment. That is, the first dielectric
The layer 24, the light emitting layer 131, and the second light source electrode 23 are
Are disposed only below the light source electrode 22. Also the second
The dielectric layer 24 is formed in a portion overlapping the first light source electrode 22.
In addition, the light emitting layer 131 is arranged so as to cover the cross section thereof.
I put it. The flat light source 31 having such a shape is formed.
As a manufacturing method, the first light source electrode 22 is formed.
After that, the portion where the first light source electrode 22 does not exist is masked.
And then a first dielectric layer 24 and a second dielectric layer
The first light source is obtained by forming a film 25 by spin coating.
For selectively forming only the portion where the electrode 22 exists
Can be used. Similarly, the light emitting layer 131 also has the first
After covering the portion where the light source electrode 22 does not exist with a mask
By forming the film by vapor deposition, the first light source electrode 22 exists.
It can be selectively formed only in the existing portion. However
When the second dielectric layer 25 is formed, the opening is formed by the first light source.
A mask wider than that used when forming the electrode 22 is used. The liquid crystal display of this embodiment is illuminated with white light.
2. Dependence of the reflectance on the applied voltage was measured.
A contrast ratio of 6: 1 was obtained. In addition, the planar light source 3
An AC electric field with a frequency of 1 kHz and an effective voltage of 200 V is marked on 1.
The contrast ratio when the display is illuminated in the dark
As a result, the ratio was 3.7: 1, almost the same as when white light was irradiated.
Similar values were obtained. The brightness of the bright display at this time is 27c.
d / mTwoMet. As described above, a higher control than in the second embodiment is described.
The last ratio was obtained from the liquid crystal table in FIG.
As in the case of the display device, the opening of the first light source electrode 22
A first dielectric layer 24, a light emitting layer 131, a second dielectric
Since the layer 25 and the second light source electrode 23 do not exist, the opening
The number of layers existing in the area decreases, and the interface reflection at the opening decreases.
It is because. Further, based on the main light emitting direction of the flat light source 31,
The effect of tilting with respect to the plate normal is synergistic,
It is possible to obtain a brighter display brightness than the liquid crystal display device of No. 2.
Came. [Twelfth Embodiment] Twelfth embodiment of the present invention
You. [0110] The liquid crystal display device of the present embodiment is an embodiment of the present invention.
It has the same configuration as the liquid crystal display device of FIG.
The phase plate 47 and the third
Embodiment 2 is different from Embodiment 2 in that an alignment film 17 is provided. In the liquid crystal display device shown in FIG.
The orientation directions of the orientation film 15 and the third orientation film 17 are opposite to each other.
And the second alignment film 16 and the third alignment film 1
The orientation direction of No. 7 was set to 45 degrees. Of the phase plate 47
The retardation is a quarter wavelength. The liquid crystal layer 1
The liquid crystal material constituting 0 does not include a chiral material.
Was. As a result, the liquid crystal layer 10 has a homogeneous alignment,
Angle between the alignment direction of the liquid crystal layer 10 and the alignment direction of the phase plate
Can be 45 degrees. The liquid crystal display of FIG. 14 was irradiated with white light.
And the voltage applied to the reflective electrode 21 in the gate open state
It was varied and the dependence of the reflectance on the applied voltage was measured. The result
The results are shown in FIG. Normally closed type applied voltage dependency
Characteristics are obtained, and the resistance at the time of applying a voltage having an effective value of 1 V or 10 V is improved.
The emissivity is 5% and 35%, respectively.
As a result, a contrast ratio of 7.0: 1 was obtained. Further, the frequency of 1 kHz and the actual
The entire display section of the device is illuminated with yellow-orange light, and
Even the display could be read. Bright display brightness is 22
cd / mTwoMet. Also, the contrast ratio at that time is
6.5: 1, which is almost the same value as when white light is irradiated.
Was. As described above, the liquid crystal layer 10 is homogeneously distributed.
Between the alignment direction of the liquid crystal layer and the alignment direction of the phase plate.
Two types that propagate through the liquid crystal layer by setting the angle to 45 degrees
Can efficiently absorb both the intrinsic polarizations of
The contrast ratio could be increased. Also, a flat light source
Both the contrast ratio when lit and the contrast ratio when not lit,
It could be improved as well. The phase plate 47 of the present embodiment and the
The third alignment film 17 can be formed by the following method.
it can. Step of forming phase plate 47 and third alignment film 17
Will be described with reference to FIGS. 15A to 15F. Here, photopolymerizable liquid crystal molecules are polymerized.
Thus, the phase plate 47 is formed. Also, light distribution
The third alignment film 17 is formed of a directional material. First, the second alignment film 16 is spin-coated.
(FIG. 15 (a)) and a rubbing roll
1 was subjected to an alignment treatment by a rubbing method using 80 (FIG. 1).
5 (b)). Next, in order to form the phase plate 47, the second
A photopolymerizable liquid crystal molecule layer is formed on the alignment film 16. This
Here, as the photopolymerizable liquid crystal molecules, Dirk J. Broer, Rifa
t A.M.Hikment, Ger Challa et al. (Makromol.
Vol 190, 3201-3215 (1989))
Was used. As shown in FIG.
Liquid crystal molecules polymerized into polymers by acrylic groups at both ends
can do. In addition, the mesogen in the center and
A liquid crystal state can be obtained by fabrication. First, a solution in a solvent is placed on the second alignment film 16.
Coated photopolymerizable liquid crystal molecules by spin coating
Then, a layer 1501 is formed (FIG. 15C). afterwards,
The solvent of the layer 1501 is removed, and heated to 160 ° C. to perform photopolymerization.
Liquid crystalline molecules are made into an isotropic layer once. In addition, set the temperature to 1
The temperature is lowered to 40 ° C., and the photopolymerizable liquid crystal molecules are used as a liquid crystal layer.
The alignment is performed in the alignment direction of the alignment film 16. Photopolymerizable liquid crystal molecules
Since the layer is sufficiently thin, the alignment regulating force by the second alignment film 16
Extends over the entire layer, which is defined by the second alignment film 16
A homogeneous orientation was formed parallel to the direction. That
The liquid crystal molecules are then polymerized by irradiating light to maintain the alignment direction.
This was used as a phase plate 47 (FIG. 15D). Light irradiation
High-pressure mercury lamp with a bright line at a wavelength of 360 nm is used as the light source
The irradiation light amount is 5 J / cmTwoThe irradiation time was 5 minutes.
Birefringence after polymerization depends on polymerization conditions, but is approximately
It becomes a value of 0.15 to 0.16. Here, the phase plate 4
7 has a thickness of about 1 μm, thereby reducing the retardation.
The wavelength was set to a quarter wavelength. Thereafter, the third alignment is performed by using a photo-alignment material.
A facing film 17 is formed. First, photo-alignment by spin coating
A layer 1517 of a non-conductive material was formed (FIG. 15E). This
Here, paramethoxycinnamic acid is used as a photo-alignment material.
A polyvinyl ester having a side chain is used. Its molecular structure
The structure is shown in FIG. This material is irradiated with
Lamethoxycinnamic acid causes a photodimerization reaction. Also this
The layer 1517 formed of a material has a linear polarization as irradiation light.
If light is used, the light reflection depends on the vibration direction of the electric vector.
Select a combination of two paramethoxycinnamic acids
Control the direction of the chemical bond that occurs in the photoreaction.
Can be Liquid crystal molecules are perpendicular to the vibration direction of linearly polarized light
It is empirically known that the alignment
The alignment direction of liquid crystal can be controlled by the vibration direction of (linearly polarized light)
Wear. Next, the layer 1517 is irradiated with light.
An alignment process is performed (FIG. 15F). Here, the orientation process
Light source has a bright line at a wavelength of 360 nm
Using a high-pressure mercury lamp, natural by Glan Thompson prism
The light source light, which is light, was linearly polarized. Irradiation light amount is 5J / c
mTwoThe irradiation time was 2 minutes. With respect to these photo-alignable materials and photo-alignment technology,
For example, see Patent Publication No. 2608661, Martin Sch
adt, Hubert Seiberle, Andreas Schuster et al. (NAT
URE, Vol 381, 16 May 1995).
In addition to the photo-alignable material shown in FIG.
A system organic polymer can be used in the same manner. Photopolymerization
Photo-alignment material utilizing photo-decomposition reaction in addition to photo-alignment film
Materials or photo-alignment materials utilizing photoisomerization
Can be. Embodiment 13 Next, the first embodiment of the present invention will be described.
A liquid crystal display device according to a third embodiment will be described. The liquid crystal display device of the present embodiment has the form
In the liquid crystal display device of FIG.
Retardation, the first alignment film 15 and the second alignment film 1
6. The orientation direction of the third orientation film 17 is changed.
You. Specifically, the layer thickness of the phase plate 47 is set to about 0.5 μm.
As a result, the retardation was set to 75 nm. Ma
In addition, the alignment direction of the third alignment film 17 is the same as that of the first alignment film 15.
Set it at 240 degrees counterclockwise to that of
And the orientation direction of the second alignment film 16 is
Set 45 degrees counterclockwise to the orientation direction
Was. The liquid crystal material of the liquid crystal layer 10 is the same as in the second embodiment.
Containing 0.9% of a chiral agent. As a result, the alignment state of the liquid crystal layer is twisted.
And the twist angle is 240 degrees, and the twist direction is the first substrate
11 is counterclockwise from the second substrate 12. Ma
In addition, the orientation of the liquid crystal layer 10 in which the orientation direction of the phase plate 47 is close
45 degrees counterclockwise with respect to the direction. By irradiating the liquid crystal display device with white light,
Measure the dependence of the reflectance on the applied voltage in the open state.
Was. FIG. 19 shows the result. Normally closed sign
Applied voltage dependence is obtained, and the effective value is 1V, 10V
The reflectance at the time of application is 4% and 33%, respectively.
By driving between them, a contrast ratio of 8.2: 1 can be obtained.
Obtained. In addition, display when the effective value of the applied voltage is 1 V
The color became almost achromatic. The frequency of 1 kHz is applied to the flat light source 31.
Was. As described above, the liquid crystal layer 10 has a twisted orientation,
And the orientation of the phase plate 47 close to the orientation of the liquid crystal layer 10
The angle between the directions is 45 degrees counterclockwise, so the liquid crystal
Both of the two intrinsic polarizations propagating in layer 10 cover the entire visible wavelength
Can be efficiently absorbed over
The ratio can be increased and the display color of dark display is almost achromatic.
We were able to. [Embodiment 14] Next, the second embodiment of the present invention will be described.
Liquid crystal display device according to the embodiment will be described with reference to FIG.
I do. The liquid crystal display device of the present embodiment has a structure shown in FIG.
As described above, the structure similar to that of the liquid crystal display device of FIG.
But the phase between the second alignment film 16 and the liquid crystal layer 10
The plate 47 and the third alignment film 17 are arranged, and the first alignment
A polarizing plate 48 and a fourth alignment film between the alignment film 15 and the liquid crystal layer 10
18 is different from the second embodiment. The retardation of the phase plate is described in Embodiment 1.
As in the case of 3, the wavelength was set to a quarter wavelength. Also, the third alignment film 1
7 and the fourth alignment film 18 are antiparallel to each other.
It was set so that. Thereby, the alignment state of the liquid crystal layer 10
Was set to a homogeneous orientation. In addition, the first alignment film 15
The alignment direction is 90 degrees with respect to the alignment direction of the third alignment film 17.
It was set to make a degree. Alignment direction of second alignment film 16
Makes an angle of 45 degrees with the alignment direction of the fourth alignment film 18.
Was set as follows. For the liquid crystal layer, MLC-62 manufactured by Merck was used.
52 is used, and a spherical polymer with a diameter of 4 μm is used for the spacer.
-Beads were used. Similar polymer for the seal part
Beads were used. This reduces the thickness of the liquid crystal layer to about 4 μm.
Then, Δnd of the liquid crystal layer was set to about 0.32 μm. Material and shape of phase plate 47 and third alignment film 17
The forming method was the same as in the thirteenth embodiment. On the other hand, the process of forming the polarizing plate 48 is shown in FIG.
Is substantially the same as the formation process of the phase plate 47
47 uses photopolymerizable liquid crystal molecules, whereas the polarizing plate 4
In No. 8, a mixture of a photopolymerizable liquid crystal molecule and a dichroic dye is used.
The points are different. The procedure for forming the polarizing plate 48 is as follows.
Next, a first alignment film 15 is formed by a spin coating method.
Orientation by rubbing method using rubbing roll 80
Processing was performed. Next, a dichroic color is formed on the first alignment film 15.
Photopolymerizable liquid crystal molecules mixed with silicon were formed. Photopolymerizable
Layer consisting of a mixture of liquid crystal molecules and dichroic dye is thin enough
Therefore, the alignment regulating force of the first alignment film 15 extends over the entire layer,
The layer is parallel to the direction defined by the first alignment film 15.
To form a homogeneous orientation. At this time, the photopolymerizable liquid crystal
Make sure that the dichroic dyes in the molecule also follow the photopolymerizable liquid crystal molecules.
To form a homogeneous orientation. Then irradiate this layer with light
Thus, the photopolymerizable liquid crystal molecules were polymerized. Photopolymerizable liquid crystal molecules
Is polymerized while maintaining homogeneous orientation
Similarly, the dichroic dye also maintains the homogeneous orientation.
Incorporated in macromolecules. As a result,
The mixture of the polymer and the dichroic dye is used as a polarizing plate 48.
Function. Thereafter, the fourth alignment film 19 is formed by spin coating.
Formed. Photo-alignment organic polymer for the fourth alignment film
, And an alignment treatment was performed by irradiating this with light. The first alignment film 15 has a second alignment film 16
Similarly to the above, a polyimide organic polymer was used. Also,
The fourth alignment film 18 has parameters similar to the third alignment film 17.
Using polyvinyl ester having toxiccinnamic acid in the side chain
Was. The method of forming the phase plate 47 is the same as that of the phase plate of the twelfth embodiment.
Same as 47. This liquid crystal display device was irradiated with white light to
Was. FIG. 21 shows the result. Outline normally open type
Is obtained, and the effective value of the applied voltage is 2.2.
At V, the reflectivity reaches a maximum value of 36%,
Sometimes the reflectivity is 4%, and by driving between both voltages
A contrast ratio of 9.0: 1 was obtained. The frequency of 1 kHz is applied to the
6.1: 1, which is about 60% of the reflected light measurement.
A practically sufficient value was obtained. As described above, the liquid crystal layer 10 of the first substrate 11
Is formed on the surface on the side close to
As a result, a display with a higher contrast ratio could be obtained. Embodiment 15 A fifteenth embodiment of the present invention
The liquid crystal display device according to the embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS.
Will be explained. The liquid crystal display of the present embodiment is of a reflective type.
-A liquid crystal display device, as shown in FIG.
I can. In addition, the light source 31 is disposed at an angle to emit light.
Is emitted toward a nearby color filter
I made it. Further, the light source 31 and the color filters 53, 5
2 and 51, color conversion layers 55, 56 and 57 are arranged.
Was. Hereinafter, this will be described in detail. The liquid crystal display of the present embodiment has a reflective electrode
21 has a substantially rectangular shape, and the lengths of the long side and the short side are respectively
It was 285 μm and 85 μm. This reflective electrode 21 is
480 in the direction of, and 640 x 3 in the direction of the short side
Was. In accordance with this, an electrode for supplying a voltage to the reflective electrode 21 is provided.
Active elements 46 and the total number of through holes connecting them
Also increased three times as compared with the liquid crystal display device of the second embodiment.
did. The distance between the reflective electrodes 21 was 15 μm. This place
The combined aperture ratio is about 80%. The shape of the first light source electrode 22 is a comb tooth.
So that it is arranged in the gap between the reflection electrodes 21.
Was. Also, a portion corresponding to the comb teeth of the first light source electrode 22
The portion faces the short side, the short side, and the gap of the reflection electrode 21.
I did it. The width of the first light source electrode 22 is 20 μm.
And In addition, the first substrate 11 and the anti-reflection layer 35
An inclined layer 40 is disposed between the layers, and the cross-sectional shape thereof is trapezoidal.
Was. The length of the base of the trapezoid is 50 μm, and the length of the top is 10 μ
m, and the height of the trapezoid was 10 μm. As shown in FIG.
The anti-reflection layer 35, the first light source electrode 22, etc.
It is arranged on 40 trapezoidal inclined surfaces. In the liquid crystal display device of the present embodiment,
The layer structure and the constituent materials of the flat light source 31
It is different from the form. That is, as shown in FIG.
The electron transport layer 6 is sequentially arranged from the first light emitting electrode 22 side.
1, the light emitting layer 26, the hole transport layer 62, and the hole injection layer 63
And a second light source electrode 23 was disposed thereon. . The electron transporting layer 61 is made of Tris (8-quinolinol).
G) formed by an aluminum complex. The light emitting layer 26
1,4-bis (2,2-diphenylviny
l) 1,4-bis (N
-Ethyl) calbazolvinyl biph
It was formed by mixing enyl at 4 mol%. Correct
The hole transport layer 62 is made of N, N'-bis-3-methyl.
phenyl-N, N'-diphenyl-1,1 '
By -biphenyl-4,4'-diamine
Formed. The hole injection layer 63 is made of a phthalocyanine copper complex.
Formed. Each of these layers is partially deposited using a mask
Formed. Further, the constituent material of the first light source electrode 22 is
And formed by evaporation using magnesium and silver. Further, the flat light source 31 is a
It was covered with the third insulating layer 44. And the second light source
At a position facing the electrode 23 with the third insulating layer 44 interposed therebetween,
The color conversion layers 55, 56 and 57 are newly arranged. Color conversion layer
55, 56 and 57 are blue light emitted from the planar light source 31
It absorbs light and emits red, green, and blue light respectively.
is there. The planar shape of the color conversion layers 55, 56, 57
Like the light source electrode 22, the first light source electrode 22
It was arranged so that it might overlap. Therefore, the color conversion layer 55,
Reference numerals 56 and 57 denote gaps between the reflection electrodes 21 as shown in FIG.
It becomes a shape to cover. The color conversion layers 55, 56, and 57 contain a dye.
It consists of a binder resin. The color of the color conversion layer 55
Nin dyes, 4-dicyanomethylene-2-methyl-6
Using (p-dimethylaminostillyl) -4H-pyran
Was. The coumarin-based dye 2 is used as the dye of the color conversion layer 56,
3,5,6-1H, 4H-tetrahydro-8-trifluoro
Romethylquinolizino (9, 9a, 1-gh) coumarin
Using. The dye of the color conversion layer 57 is a stilbene dye.
1,4-bis (2-methylstil) benzene
Was. The binder resin of the color conversion layers 55, 56, 57
Limethyl methacrylate was used. The dye of the color conversion layer 55 is a cyanine dye.
Other pyridine dyes, rhodamine dyes, oxazines
A system dye can be used. For the dye of the color conversion layer 57
Uses coumarin dyes in addition to stilbene dyes
be able to. In addition, polyacryle is used as the binder resin.
Sheet, polycarbonate, polyvinyl alcohol, etc.
Bright resin can be used. Between the first insulating layer 42 and the common electrode 20
Are striped color filters 51, 52, 53
They are arranged side by side. The color filter 51 filters red
And the color filter 52 is green.
The blue color of the tab 53 is displayed. Color stripes on these stripes
The longitudinal direction of the filters 51, 52, 53
It is parallel to the long side. These color filters 51, 52,
53 was prepared by a pigment dispersion method. The transmission spectrum is
24, the red color filter 51 and the green color
Filter 52 and blue color filter 53 respectively.
Maximum at wavelengths of 620nm, 540nm and 480nm
Is shown. The plane light source 31 is tilted as described above.
The flat light source 3 is disposed on the inclined surface of the inclined layer 40.
The light emitted from 1 goes to the adjacent color filter
Is emitted selectively. Further, the color conversion layers 55, 56,
57 is the color of the light of the opposing flat light source 31
The color that emits light depends on whether it enters the filter.
ing. That is, the light from the opposing flat light source 31 is
Color conversion layer 55 emitted toward color filter 51
Absorbs blue light emitted from the planar light source 31 and emits red light.
Is formed of a material that emits light. Also oppose
The light of the flat light source 31 is directed toward the green color filter 52.
The emitted color conversion layer 56 is formed of blue light emitted by the planar light source 31.
Formed of a material that absorbs light and emits green light
ing. Furthermore, the light of the opposing flat light source 31 is blue.
The color conversion layer 57 emitted toward the filter 53
It absorbs the blue light emitted by the planar light source 31 and
The filter 53 emits blue light having a wavelength that is most easily transmitted.
It is formed of a material. Further, between the liquid crystal layer 10 and the second alignment film 16
In the same manner as in the liquid crystal display device of the twelfth embodiment, the phase plate 4
7 and the third alignment film 17 were arranged. Also, the first alignment film
15 is paramethoxycinnamic acid as in the third alignment film 17
Is formed by a polyvinyl ester having
The alignment treatment was performed by irradiating the obtained ultraviolet light. First alignment film
15, alignment processing of second alignment film 16 and third alignment film 17
The direction was the same as that of the liquid crystal display of the twelfth embodiment. Ma
Also, the retardation of the phase plate 47 is the same as that of the twelfth embodiment.
The wavelength was set to a quarter wavelength similarly to the crystal display device. The liquid crystal display device was irradiated with white light and reflected.
When the dependence of the rate on the applied voltage was measured,
And the effective value is 1 V and 10 V.
Are 4% and 29%, respectively, when a voltage is applied.
Ratio was obtained. Also, adjust the color purity of each display of red, green, and blue.
As a result of the measurement, in the CIE chromaticity coordinate system,
(0.422, 0.305), (0.335, 0.38
1), (0.269, 0.274). Color this
When plotted on the degree diagram, the result is as shown in FIG. In addition, the first light source electrode 22 is used as a cathode,
Using the light source electrode 23 as an anode, a voltage of 6 V
When a DC electric field is applied, the entire display of the liquid crystal display
Is almost white illuminated and reads the display even in a dark room
I was able to. Brightness of bright display is 20 cd / mTwoSo
Was. The contrast ratio at that time was 6.0: 1.
As a result, almost the same values as in the case of white light irradiation were obtained. Also,
When the color purity of each display of red, green and blue was measured, the CIE
In the chromaticity coordinate system, (0.447, 0.29
6), (0.293, 0.454), (0.250,
0.237), which is higher in color purity than when not lit.
Display color was obtained. This is plotted on the chromaticity diagram
As shown in FIG. 25, the triangle connecting the points is the planar light source 31.
Is larger than when not lit, resulting in a wider color range.
Was. As described above, the plane light source 31 is
Use a colored light source with a color filter whose transmission wavelength corresponds to the emission color.
Filters 51, 52, 53 so as to be close to the respective colored light sources.
And using the gradient layer 40 to convert the three colors of BGR light to the corresponding colors.
Through the color filters of
Extends the color range when the surface light source 31 is turned on compared to when it is not lit
I was able to. In this embodiment, the plane light source 31 and the
To emit blue light, and this light is
5, 56 and 57 convert the light into blue, green and red light.
However, the color conversion layers 55, 56, 5
7 and a flat light source 31 that emits blue light
Surface light source, planar light source emitting green light, emitting red light
It is also possible to use three types of planar light sources, such as planar light sources. this
Also emits light towards the red color filter 51
As the plane light source 31, a plane light source that emits red light is used.
Similarly, a plane emitting light toward the green color filter 52
As the surface light source, a green flat light source and a blue color filter 53 are used.
For a flat light source that emits light toward
I have. To construct a blue / green / red planar light source, the light emitting layer 2
Material 6 is made a material suitable for each color. The color conversion layers 55, 56 and 57 are not used, and
As the light source 31, a flat light source that emits white light may be used.
You can also. [Embodiment 16] Sixteenth embodiment of the present invention
The liquid crystal display device of the embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. [0160] The liquid crystal display device of the present embodiment has the form
The configuration is the same as that of the liquid crystal display device of Embodiment 15, except that the color
The arrangement of the filters 51, 52, 53 is changed.
The color filters 51, 52, and 53 are provided with the non-opening portions (first
(The lower part of the light source electrode 22), and
Arranged so as to overlap the flat light source 31 that emits light toward the
Placed. When the flat light source 31 is turned on, each table of red, green and blue
The color purity indicated was measured and found to be in the CIE chromaticity coordinate system.
(0.455, 0.300), (0.29
3, 0.466), (0.234, 0.227)
Was. As described above, the color filters 51, 52,
53 is enlarged, and the weight of the corresponding flat light source 31 is reduced.
The light emitted by the colored light source
Color filters 51, 5 of colors to which more light corresponds
2, 53 can be passed. This
The color range when the light source 31 is turned on is larger than when the light source 31 is not turned on.
We were able to. [Embodiment 17] Seventeenth embodiment of the present invention
The liquid crystal display device of the embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. The liquid crystal display device of this embodiment mode
The liquid crystal display has the same configuration as that of the liquid crystal display of Embodiment 8, except that the reflective electrode 2
1 and the first unevenness forming layer 45, the second unevenness forming layer 4
Embodiment 9 is different from Embodiment 8 in that 9 is newly arranged. second
In the unevenness forming layer 49 of FIG.
The layer 45 is arranged not at the center but at the end.
As a result, in Embodiment 8, the unevenness of the reflective electrode 21
Although the shape was symmetrical, the liquid crystal display device of the present embodiment was
The left and right sides are asymmetric, so you can lie down on an isosceles triangle
The shape was as follows. That is, the long side of the isosceles triangle
And the short side is the slope of the surface of the reflective electrode 21.
Was. The second unevenness forming layer 49 is formed by the first unevenness forming
Like the layer 45, a positive or negative photosensitive resin is used.
Formed. The first unevenness forming layer 45 was formed in a columnar shape.
Later, a second unevenness forming layer 49 is formed thereon,
It is formed in a cylindrical shape. After that, it is heated to deform the shape,
As shown in FIG. 27, three isosceles with a gentle cross section
Make it square. As a result, the reflection surface of the reflection electrode 21 becomes 2 or the like.
Light is mainly reflected by the slope part corresponding to the long side of the side triangle
I do. As shown in FIG. 27, the opposite of the portion corresponding to the long side
The emitting surface is almost on the inclined layer 40 on which the planar light source 31 is disposed.
It is designed to be roughly parallel. Therefore, FIG.
As shown in (2), the reflection electrode 21 is
Light can be reflected with higher efficiency in the normal direction of the substrate 11
You. A frequency of 1 kHz and an effective voltage are applied to the flat light source 31.
The display was illuminated by applying an AC electric field of 200V.
Of course, the brightness of the bright display is 37 cd / mTwoMet. As described above, the reflection electrode 21 and the first concave-convex
A second unevenness forming layer 49 is newly formed between the stratified layers 45,
The shape of the cross section of the uneven part is an approximately isosceles triangle laid horizontally
With this configuration, more light is emitted from the planar light source 31.
Embodiment 11 is directed toward the normal direction of the substrate 11.
8 was able to obtain a higher luminance than the liquid crystal display device. [Embodiment 18] Eighteenth embodiment of the present invention
This will be described using the liquid crystal display device of the embodiment. [0170] The liquid crystal display device of this embodiment mode has the form
The configuration is the same as that of the liquid crystal display device of embodiment 17, except that the first concave
By changing the shapes of the convex forming layer 45 and the second concave / convex forming layer 49,
The first unevenness forming layer 45 and the second unevenness forming layer 49 are
The seventeenth embodiment is different from the seventeenth embodiment in that it is formed in a stripe shape parallel to the source.
And different. In addition, one pixel (one reflection electrode 21)
The number of stripes was eight. Stripe width is first
The unevenness forming layer 45 is 9 μm, and the second unevenness forming layer 49 is 4 μm.
μm. Also, as in the seventeenth embodiment, the second
The thickest part of the unevenness forming layer 49 is the first unevenness forming layer 4.
5 at the end. As a result, the embodiment
As in the case of 17, the cross section of the concave and convex portion of the reflection electrode is roughly an isosceles triangle.
Shaped. In addition, such irregularities become stripes
Because it is located on the slope by the long side of the isosceles triangle
Corresponding parts increase from the seventeenth embodiment. That
For this reason, the reflection electrode 21 uses the light from the planar light source
Reflection can be performed with higher efficiency in the line direction. [0171] The unevenness has a stripe distribution.
Can cause interference, but reduce it
A light scattering film on top of the first substrate 11
I attached. A frequency of 1 kHz and an effective voltage are applied to the planar light source 31.
Of course, the brightness of the bright display is 48 cd / mTwoMet. As described above, in the present embodiment, the reflection electrode
Between the first and second uneven forming layers 45 and the second uneven forming layer 4
9 and place them in parallel with the flat light source 31.
The flat light source 31 emits light by forming it in a lip shape.
More light is directed to the normal direction of the substrate 11.
To obtain a luminance higher than that of the liquid crystal display device of the seventeenth embodiment.
I was able to. [Nineteenth Embodiment] A nineteenth embodiment of the present invention.
The liquid crystal display device of the embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. The liquid crystal display device according to the present embodiment has the form
The liquid crystal display has the same configuration as that of the liquid crystal display of embodiment 16, except that the reflective electrode
Between the first and the second uneven forming layer 45 and the second uneven forming layer
The newly formed 49Form16 is different.
Further, the second unevenness forming layer 49 is the same as in the seventeenth embodiment.
The thickest part is located at the end of the first unevenness forming layer 45.
I put it. As a result, the shape of the uneven portion is roughly 2
Made an equilateral triangle. With the configuration shown in FIG. 29, an example
For example, the light emitted from the flat light source 31 is converted to red and
Pass through the color filter 51, and further pass through the liquid crystal layer 10.
The light that has passed through is reflected on the substrate 11 by the slope of the reflective electrode 21.
Can be reflected in the normal direction. Thereby, the reflected light is again
To the red color filter 51, color of the same color
Color filter twice.
The efficiency of the light passing through the data can be increased. To other colors
For the converted light,
The efficiency of the transmitted light by transmitting the filter twice
Can be increased. This further improves purity
Can be done. When the flat light source 31 is turned on, each table of red, green and blue
6, 0.479), (0.219, 0.227).
Was. As described above, the reflection electrode 21 and the first irregularities
A second unevenness forming layer 49 is newly formed between the forming layers 45.
The shape of the concave and convex portions is roughly an isosceles triangle.
Color light source light that has passed through the color filter of the corresponding color.
Is reflected in the normal direction of the substrate 11 with higher efficiency,
The color specification range when the light source 31 is turned on is expanded more than when the light source 31 is not turned on.
I was able to. [Embodiment 20] Twentieth embodiment of the present invention
The liquid crystal display device according to the embodiment will be described. In this embodiment, the liquid crystal of the nineteenth embodiment is used.
First unevenness forming layer 45 and second unevenness forming layer 4 of display device
9 in the form of stripes as in the eighteenth embodiment.
Was. Thus, the reflection electrode 21 is separated from the flat light source.
Light can be reflected with higher efficiency in the normal direction of the substrate 11.
You. Further, the uneven shape is formed in a stripe distribution.
To reduce the occurrence of light interference,
Paste a light scattering film on top of one substrate 11
Was. The planar light source 31 of this embodiment is turned on.
In the chromaticity coordinate system (0.479, 0.30
0.227), and a display color with higher color purity was obtained.
Was. As described above, the reflection electrode 21 and the first unevenness
A second unevenness forming layer 49 is newly formed between the forming layers 45
When the light source is turned on,
Was able to be expanded more than the non-lighting range. [Embodiment 21] Twenty-first embodiment of the present invention
The liquid crystal display device according to the embodiment will be described. In this embodiment, as shown in FIG.
Although the configuration is the same as that of the liquid crystal display device of Embodiment 20,
The shape of the formation layer is changed according to the distance from the flat light source 31.
The distribution is provided within the element (one reflection electrode 21).
It is something. That is, eight stripes in one pixel
Of these, two adjacent to the corresponding flat light source 31
The next three irregularities are referred to as a second irregularity group 92, and the next three irregularities are referred to as a second irregularity group 92.
The three farthest groups were the third irregularity group 93. And the first
The unevenness group 91 is formed only by the first unevenness forming layer 45, and
Was 9 μm in width. The second unevenness group 92 includes the first unevenness
It is formed by the formation layer 45 and the second unevenness formation layer 49, and the width thereof is
They were 9 μm and 4 μm, respectively. Third irregularity group 93
The first unevenness forming layer 45 and the second unevenness forming layer 49
It is formed of three irregularity forming layers 60, each having a width of 9 μm.
, 5 μm and 2 μm. By heating this, the cross section is roughly isosceles triangle.
The shape laid down sideways. Each of the uneven groups 91, 92, 93
The inclination is different, and the inclination of the corresponding flat light source 31 side is different.
Focusing on the angle of the surface, the first unevenness group 91 is the most
It is gentle and the one with the third unevenness group 93 is the steepest.
The second unevenness group 92 is intermediate between the two. Corresponding flat
The closer to the surface light source 31, the more the angle of the slope on the flat light source 31 side
The degree decreases. Most ideally, the corresponding flat light source 31
That all light can be specularly reflected in the normal direction of the substrate 11.
However, the inclination angle of the reflecting surface satisfying the specular reflection condition
It is necessary to change according to the distance from the flat light source 31.
You. Therefore, in the present embodiment, the corresponding flat light source
Angle of the reflective surface was changed in three stages according to the distance of
Therefore, the specular reflection condition is satisfied in almost all parts of one pixel.
I can now do it. As a result, the reflection electrode 21 is connected to the red color conversion layer 5.
5 and passes through the red color filter 51.
Substrate surface selectively toward the red color filter 51
Can be reflected in the normal direction. Light converted to green and blue
The same applies to the converted light. In the liquid crystal display of this embodiment, the flat
Turn on the surface light source 31 and measure the color purity of each of the red, green, and blue displays.
The CIE chromaticity coordinate system
9), (0.202, 0.223)
A high display color was obtained. As described above, the angle of the slope of the reflective electrode 21
In three stages according to the distance from the corresponding flat light source 31.
Pass through the color filter of the corresponding color
Colored light source light is reflected with higher efficiency in the direction normal to the substrate plane
When the light source is lit, the color range is
Could be expanded. [Embodiment 22] Twenty-second embodiment of the present invention
The liquid crystal display device according to the embodiment will be described. The liquid crystal display device of this embodiment mode
The configuration is the same as that of the liquid crystal display device of the first embodiment,
1 and the first unevenness forming layer 45 are removed, and
Embodiment 1 differs from Embodiment 1 in that a transparent electrode made of TO is formed.
different. Further, a backlight is provided below the second substrate 12.
Was placed. The backlight is a fluorescent lamp, a light guide plate and a light diffuser.
It consists of a turbulent plate and emits light when the flat light source 31 is turned on.
The turbulent plate reflects the light toward the user. When the backlight is on, a white background is displayed.
Is displayed, and when the flat light source 31 is lit, the background is displayed in yellow-orange.
was gotten. As described above, the backlight and the flat light source are mounted.
And the background color is different by switching the light source.
Types of display are now possible. [Twenty-third Embodiment] In this embodiment, the actual
In the liquid crystal display device of the first embodiment, the reflection electrode 21 and the second
Except for one irregularity forming layer 45, instead of ITO
A transparent electrode was formed. Further, below the second substrate 12
A reflection plate was arranged at the bottom. Reflector is aluminum on resin film
Is formed by vapor deposition. Press on resin film
Unevenness is formed by stamping, which reflects
The plate has light scattering properties. Light is incident on this liquid crystal display device from the vertical direction.
As a result, the contrast ratio is almost the same as in the first embodiment.
was gotten. The background is yellow-orange when the flat light source 31 is turned on.
A color display was obtained. As described above, the reflection plate is provided outside the liquid crystal cell.
Almost the same as when a reflector is built in
Was obtained. Comparative Example 1 As a comparative example, the first embodiment
The first light source electrode from ITO
And the antireflection layer 35 was removed. Also,
One light source electrode 22 is not formed in a matrix shape,
It was arranged on the entire surface of. Contrast when the flat light source 31 is not turned on
The contrast ratio is 2.6: 1, the contrast ratio when the flat light source is turned on.
Decreased to 2.1: 1 respectively. This is because a transparent electrode is arranged on the entire display section.
As a result, the number of interfaces at the opening increases and interface reflection occurs.
Is increased, and thereby, when the flat light source 31 is not turned on.
The contrast ratio is lower than that of the first embodiment.
You. Also, by distributing the transparent electrodes over the entire display area,
Part of the light emitted from the flat light source 31 is directly directed to the user.
Heading. The light directed directly toward the user is transmitted to the liquid crystal layer 1.
Since it is not modulated by 0, it can be used for bright display and dark display.
A certain amount of light always goes to the user,
The contrast ratio when the light source 31 was turned on was greatly reduced. Comparative Example 2 As Comparative Example 2, the embodiment
In the liquid crystal display device of No. 2, the first light source electrode 22 is
The transparent electrode was made of O, and the antireflection layer 35 was removed. Ma
In addition, the first light source electrode 22 is not formed in a matrix distribution,
It was distributed all over the display. Contrast ratio when the flat light source is not turned on
Is 2.7: 1, and the contrast ratio when the flat light source is turned on is
2.3: 1 respectively. As described above, the reason why the contrast ratio is reduced is as follows.
The reason is the same as in Comparative Example 1. [0206] As described above, according to the present invention,
High contrast ratio despite being a reflective liquid crystal display
Can be provided.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a cross-sectional configuration of a liquid crystal display device according to a first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is an explanatory view showing shapes of a first light source electrode 22, a light emitting layer 131, a dielectric layer 24, and a second electrode 23 at an end of a first substrate 11 in the liquid crystal device of FIG. is there. FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram showing a shape and a positional relationship when the first light source electrode 22 and the reflective electrode 21 of the liquid crystal display device of the first embodiment are viewed from the normal direction of the substrate 11. FIG. 4 is a graph showing the relationship between the reflectance of the liquid crystal display device of Embodiment 1 and the voltage applied to the reflective electrode 21. FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a cross-sectional configuration of a liquid crystal display device according to a second embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram showing a shape and a positional relationship when the first light source electrode 22 and the reflective electrode 21 of the liquid crystal display device according to the third embodiment of the present invention are viewed from the normal direction of the substrate 11. FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram showing a shape and a positional relationship when the first light source electrode 22 and the reflective electrode 21 of the liquid crystal display device according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention are viewed from the normal direction of the substrate 11. FIG. 8 is an explanatory diagram showing a shape and a positional relationship when the first light source electrode 22 and the reflective electrode 21 of the liquid crystal display device according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention are viewed from the normal direction of the substrate 11. FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a configuration of a cross-section of a liquid crystal display device according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a configuration of a cross section of a liquid crystal display device according to an eighth embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 11 is a sectional view showing a configuration of a section of a liquid crystal display device according to a ninth embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view showing a cross-sectional configuration of a liquid crystal display device according to a tenth embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a cross-sectional configuration of a liquid crystal display device according to an eleventh embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a cross-sectional configuration of a liquid crystal display device according to a twelfth embodiment of the present invention. 15 (a) to (f) are explanatory views showing steps of forming a phase plate 47 and a third alignment film 17 of a liquid crystal display device according to a twelfth embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 16 is an explanatory diagram showing a molecular structure of a photo-alignment material used for forming a third alignment film of a liquid crystal display device according to a twelfth embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 17 is an explanatory diagram showing a molecular structure of a photopolymerizable liquid crystal molecule used for forming a phase plate 47 of a liquid crystal display device according to a twelfth embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 18 is a graph showing the relationship between the reflectance of the liquid crystal display device according to Embodiment 12 of the present invention and the voltage applied to the reflective electrode 21. FIG. 19 is a graph showing the relationship between the reflectance of the liquid crystal display device according to Embodiment 13 of the present invention and the voltage applied to the reflective electrode 21. FIG. 20 is a cross-sectional view showing a configuration of a cross-section of a liquid crystal display device according to Embodiment 14 of the present invention. FIG. 21 shows the reflectance of the liquid crystal display device of Embodiment 14;
4 is a graph showing a relationship with a voltage applied to a reflective electrode 21. FIG. 22 shows a color conversion layer 5 as viewed from the normal direction of the substrate 11 in the liquid crystal display device according to Embodiment 15 of the present invention.
It is explanatory drawing which shows the shape and positional relationship of 5, 56, 57 and the reflective electrode 21. FIG. 23 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a cross-sectional configuration of a liquid crystal display device according to a fifteenth embodiment. FIG. 24 shows color filters 51 and 5 according to the fifteenth embodiment.
It is a graph which shows the transmission spectrum of 2,53. FIG. 25 is a diagram illustrating the display colors of the liquid crystal display device according to the fifteenth embodiment. FIG. 26 is a cross-sectional view showing a configuration of a cross-section of a liquid crystal display device according to Embodiment 16 of the present invention. FIG. 27 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a configuration of a cross-section of a liquid crystal display device according to a seventeenth embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 28 is an explanatory diagram showing an optical path of light emitted from the flat light source 31 in the liquid crystal display device of the seventeenth embodiment. FIG. 29 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a configuration of a cross-section of a liquid crystal display device according to a nineteenth embodiment of the present invention. 30 is an explanatory diagram showing a cross-sectional configuration of a liquid crystal display device according to a twenty-first embodiment of the present invention and an optical path of light emitted from a planar light source 31. FIG. [Description of Signs] 1 ... liquid crystal molecules, 2 ... dichroic dye, 10 ... liquid crystal layer, 11 ... first substrate, 12 ... second substrate,
15: first alignment film, 16: second alignment film, 1
7 ... third alignment film, 18 ... fourth alignment film, 20
... common electrode, 21 ... reflective electrode, 22 ... first light source electrode, 23 ... second light source electrode, 24 ...
A first dielectric layer, 25 ... a second dielectric layer, 26
..First light emitting layer, 31... First planar light source, 35.
..Anti-reflection layer, 40 ... graded layer, 41 ... through hole, 42 ... first insulating layer, 43 ... second insulating layer, 44 ... third insulating layer, 45 ... first unevenness forming layer, 46 ... active element, 47 ... phase plate, 48 ... polarizing plate, 49 ... second unevenness forming layer,
50: third unevenness forming layer, 51: red color filter, 52: green color filter, 53: blue color filter, 55: red color conversion layer, 56・
-Green color conversion layer, 57 ... Blue color conversion layer, 61 ...
Electron transport layer, 62: hole transport layer, 63: hole injection layer, 80: rubbing roll, 81: seal portion, 91: first irregularity group, 92: Second irregularity group, 93 ... third irregularity group.
──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuing on the front page (72) Inventor Masaya Adachi 7-1-1, Omika-cho, Hitachi City, Ibaraki Prefecture Within Hitachi Research Laboratory, Hitachi Research Laboratory (72) Inventor Shoichi Hirota 7-1-1, Omika-cho, Hitachi City, Ibaraki Prefecture No. 1 Hitachi, Ltd. Hitachi Research Laboratory (56) References JP-A-10-213799 (JP, A) JP-A-10-149881 (JP, A) JP-A-11-249130 (JP, A) 11-305224 (JP, A) JP-A-2000-75287 (JP, A) JP-A-2000-193970 (JP, A) JP-A-2000-267097 (JP, A) (58) Fields investigated (Int. Cl. 7) , DB name) G02F 1/13-1/141
(57) provided between the substrate [Claims 1 first, and a second substrate facing the first substrate, the first substrate and the second substrate And a display of the liquid crystal layer between the liquid crystal layer and the liquid crystal layer and the second substrate.
Provided for each pixel, a reflective <br/> electrodes for applying an electric field to the liquid crystal layer, between the first substrate and the liquid crystal layer is arranged to cover the display portion of the liquid crystal layer, wherein Light towards the liquid crystal layer
Has a light emitting element layer for irradiating said reflective electrode, the first light from the substrate side has the spent liquid crystal layer permeable <br/> reflected toward the liquid crystal layer, the light emitting element layer, a light emitting layer, for applying a voltage to said light emitting layer, the light emitting layer, before
A pair of liquid crystal layers disposed on the first substrate side and the liquid crystal layer side;
Has a light-emitting electrode layer, a light emitting portion of the light-emitting layer is linear, the display for each pixel
Of the reflective electrodes provided in the above, is disposed at a position facing the gap between adjacent electrodes, the main plane of the light emitting unit,
The light emitting direction from the light emitting unit is one of the adjacent reflective electrodes.
And the main plane of the first substrate and the second
A liquid crystal display device which is inclined with respect to a main plane of a substrate . The liquid crystal display device 2. A method according to claim 1, wherein said light emitting element layer, a light the calling optical unit emits light toward the first substrate side, for deflecting toward the liquid crystal layer A liquid crystal display device comprising a reflective layer. 3. A liquid crystal display device according to claim 2, wherein the light emitting element layer, the reflective layer, an antireflection layer for preventing the reflection of external light at the surface of said first substrate side A liquid crystal display device provided on the surface . 4. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 2 , wherein the reflection layer of the light emitting element layer is also used as an electrode for applying an electric field to the light emitting portion. 5. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, wherein the pair at least one of the light emitting electrode layer, to the light emitting portion to the linear shape is linear, that Characteristic liquid crystal display device. 6. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 5 , wherein said light emitting layer has the same shape as said linear light emitting electrode layer. In the liquid crystal display device according to claim 7 according to claim 1, wherein the light emitting layer is disposed over the entire display section of the liquid crystal layer, the light-emitting layer is transparent to light emitted, characterized in that Liquid crystal display. 8. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 5 , wherein the light emitting electrode layer on the liquid crystal layer side of the pair of light emitting electrode layers is transparent to light emitted by the light emitting layer. A liquid crystal display device characterized by the above-mentioned. 9. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1 , further comprising a color filter disposed between said light emitting element layer and said liquid crystal layer. 10. A liquid crystal display device according to claim 9, red filter and a blue filter as the color filter
And a green filter, and the light emitting portion of the light emitting element layer has a red light emitting portion, a blue light emitting portion, and a green light emitting portion, and the red light emitting portion is close to the red filter. The liquid crystal display device, wherein the liquid crystal display device is disposed, wherein the blue light emitting unit is disposed close to the blue filter, and the green light emitting unit is disposed close to the green filter. 11. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 10 , wherein the light emitting layer includes the red light emitting section, the blue light emitting section and the blue light emitting section.
Provided for each of the fine the green light-emitting portion, the light emitting layer of the red light emitting unit, to emit toward the emitted light in the red filter, the <br/> emission layer of the red light-emitting portion normal direction of the main plane is directed to the red filter, the blue light emitting unit, to emit toward the emitted light in the blue filter, the normal of the main plane of the light-emitting layer of the blue light-emitting portion direction is directed to the blue filter, the green light emitting unit, to emit toward the emitted light to the green filter, the normal direction of the principal plane of the light-emitting layer of the green light-emitting portion toward the green filter A liquid crystal display device comprising: 12. A liquid crystal display device according to claim 11, wherein the red light emitting portion has a first color conversion layer for make change the light from the red light emitting portion red light, the blue The light emitting unit emits light from the blue light emitting unit in blue.
A second color conversion layer for changing the light into light , wherein the green light-emitting unit emits light from the green light-emitting unit into green light;
A liquid crystal display device comprising a third color conversion layer for changing light into light . 13. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1 , further comprising an insulating layer provided between said light emitting element layer and said liquid crystal layer. 14. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 13 , wherein the insulating layer contains fine particles for scattering light. 15. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1 , wherein the reflective electrode has irregularities on a surface on the liquid crystal layer side to scatter and reflect light from the liquid crystal layer side. Liquid crystal display device. 16. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1 , wherein the uneven reflection surface of the reflection electrode is configured to transmit light from a light-emitting portion of the light-emitting element layer which is close to the light-emitting portion in a normal direction of the first substrate. A liquid crystal display device having an asymmetric shape for reflection. 17. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1 , wherein the linear light-emitting portion has a matrix shape, a comb-like shape, and
A liquid crystal display device, wherein the liquid crystal display device is arranged in any of a stripe shape. 18. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1 , wherein said light emitting element layer emits light by electroluminescence.
JP07203299A 1999-03-17 1999-03-17 Liquid crystal display Expired - Fee Related JP3487782B2 (en)
JP07203299A JP3487782B2 (en) 1999-03-17 1999-03-17 Liquid crystal display
US09/526,205 US6556260B1 (en) 1999-03-17 2000-03-15 Liquid crystal display apparatus
KR1020000013583A KR20000062934A (en) 1999-03-17 2000-03-17 Liquid crystal display apparatus
JP07203299A Expired - Fee Related JP3487782B2 (en) 1999-03-17 1999-03-17 Liquid crystal display
US6867755B2 (en) * 2000-04-28 2005-03-15 Yazaki Corporation Device and method for driving EL device
US6563559B2 (en) * 2000-02-02 2003-05-13 Sanyo Electric Co., Ltd. Reflective liquid crystal display having increase luminance for each display pixel
JP2002014343A (en) * 2000-04-26 2002-01-18 Nec Corp Liquid crystal display device, light emitting element and method for manufacturing liquid crystal display device
US6902454B1 (en) * 2000-07-28 2005-06-07 Eastman Kodak Company Process for laminating electrically addressable display
US6842211B2 (en) * 2000-11-02 2005-01-11 Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd. Liquid crystal display device, and method of manufacturing the same
JP4608768B2 (en) * 2000-12-04 2011-01-12 ソニー株式会社 Liquid crystal display device
US6912021B2 (en) * 2001-01-22 2005-06-28 Seiko Epson Corporation Electro-optical device, method for driving electro-optical device, electronic apparatus, and method for driving electronic apparatus
JP4954911B2 (en) * 2001-02-20 2012-06-20 シャープ株式会社 Display device
JP2002258272A (en) * 2001-02-28 2002-09-11 Nec Corp Reflection plate and reflective liquid crystal display device
US6816216B2 (en) * 2001-04-12 2004-11-09 Omron Corporation Optical component and reflective plate, and device using the same optical component
JP2002323705A (en) * 2001-04-25 2002-11-08 Seiko Epson Corp Electro-optical device and electronic equipment
KR100774586B1 (en) 2001-11-30 2007-11-09 삼성전자주식회사 Liquid crystal display panel with a built in light and method for fabricating thereof
KR100835169B1 (en) * 2001-12-28 2008-06-04 엘지디스플레이 주식회사 Fabrication method of an array substrate having a reflective plate for a liquid crystal display device
JP3722116B2 (en) * 2002-01-23 2005-11-30 セイコーエプソン株式会社 Reflective electro-optical device and electronic apparatus
JP3780952B2 (en) * 2002-01-31 2006-05-31 株式会社豊田自動織機 Liquid crystal display
SE0200910D0 (en) * 2002-03-22 2002-03-22 Ecsibeo Ab A liquid crystal device, a method for producing a liquid crystal device and a method for controlling liquid crystal device
US6734930B2 (en) * 2002-06-10 2004-05-11 Allied Material Corp. Structure of organic light-emitting TFT LCD and method of making the same
US6738113B2 (en) * 2002-06-10 2004-05-18 Allied Material Corp. Structure of organic light-emitting material TFT LCD and the method for making the same
TWI306177B (en) * 2002-07-08 2009-02-11 Au Optronics Corp Reflection liquid crystal display
KR100820785B1 (en) * 2002-07-10 2008-04-10 삼성전자주식회사 Liquid crystal display
US7699482B2 (en) * 2002-09-25 2010-04-20 Fujifilm Corporation Light-emitting element
TW583466B (en) * 2002-12-09 2004-04-11 Hannstar Display Corp Structure of liquid crystal display
TWI230305B (en) * 2002-12-31 2005-04-01 Au Optronics Corp Dual mode liquid crystal display
WO2005029167A1 (en) * 2003-09-19 2005-03-31 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Transflective display having improved contrast
DE102004020257A1 (en) * 2004-04-26 2005-11-24 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Displays with reflective layers and oils
JP2006134975A (en) * 2004-11-04 2006-05-25 Hitachi Displays Ltd Lighting device and indicating device using the same
TWI266129B (en) * 2004-11-30 2006-11-11 Sanyo Electric Co Lighting device and reflection type liquid crystal display device using the same
KR100701092B1 (en) * 2004-12-24 2007-03-29 비오이 하이디스 테크놀로지 주식회사 Method for fabricating liquid crystal display
TWI341948B (en) * 2005-05-20 2011-05-11 Epson Imaging Devices Corp Display device
JP2007041536A (en) * 2005-05-20 2007-02-15 Sanyo Epson Imaging Devices Corp Display device and liquid crystal display device
CN101369070B (en) 2005-05-20 2011-03-02 三洋电机株式会社;爱普生映像元器件有限公司 Display apparatus
JP2006323303A (en) 2005-05-20 2006-11-30 Sanyo Epson Imaging Devices Corp Display device
TW200641465A (en) * 2005-05-20 2006-12-01 Sanyo Epson Imaging Devices Co Display device
US7429753B2 (en) 2005-05-20 2008-09-30 Sanyo Electric Co., Ltd. Display device
JP4591244B2 (en) * 2005-07-07 2010-12-01 エプソンイメージングデバイス株式会社 Display device
KR100707037B1 (en) * 2005-11-24 2007-04-05 비오이 하이디스 테크놀로지 주식회사 Reflection type liquid crystal display device
JP4757625B2 (en) * 2005-12-22 2011-08-24 パナソニック液晶ディスプレイ株式会社 display device
US20080006833A1 (en) * 2006-06-02 2008-01-10 Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd. Lighting device and liquid crystal display device
KR100780406B1 (en) * 2006-07-12 2007-11-29 인하대학교 산학협력단 Fabrication method and structure of retardation plate using a columnar micro-structured dielectric thin films
JP2009063956A (en) * 2007-09-10 2009-03-26 Seiko Epson Corp Electro-optical device and electronic device
JP5273842B2 (en) * 2007-09-13 2013-08-28 株式会社ユニバーサルエンターテインメント Liquid crystal display device and gaming machine equipped with liquid crystal display device
JP5263771B2 (en) * 2007-11-12 2013-08-14 学校法人慶應義塾 Surface light emitting device and polarized light source
EP2075625A1 (en) 2007-12-27 2009-07-01 TPO Displays Corp. Display device with illumination light source
JP2010210983A (en) * 2009-03-11 2010-09-24 Seiko Epson Corp Display apparatus, manufacturing method of the same, and electronic appliance
JP2011013636A (en) * 2009-07-06 2011-01-20 Seiko Epson Corp Liquid crystal device and electronic equipment
JP5494290B2 (en) * 2010-06-30 2014-05-14 セイコーエプソン株式会社 Illumination device and electro-optical device
KR20120139076A (en) * 2011-06-16 2012-12-27 삼성디스플레이 주식회사 Display device
EP2662758A3 (en) * 2012-05-09 2015-03-04 LG Innotek Co., Ltd. Electrode member and touch window including the same
CN103592771B (en) * 2012-08-14 2016-01-20 上海天马微电子有限公司 2d/3d switchable display device
CN103489892B (en) * 2013-09-25 2016-04-13 北京京东方光电科技有限公司 A kind of array base palte and preparation method thereof and display unit
KR20160084005A (en) * 2015-01-02 2016-07-13 삼성디스플레이 주식회사 Liquid crystal display apparatus
WO2016151429A1 (en) 2015-03-23 2016-09-29 Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd. Display panel and information processing device
DE112016000030T5 (en) 2015-04-13 2016-12-22 Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd. Display panel, data processor and manufacturing method for a display panel
JP2017037291A (en) 2015-08-07 2017-02-16 株式会社半導体エネルギー研究所 Display panel, and method for driving display panel
JP2017037301A (en) 2015-08-07 2017-02-16 株式会社半導体エネルギー研究所 Display panel and method for manufacturing display panel
WO2017055971A1 (en) 2015-10-01 2017-04-06 Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd. Display device and manufacturing method thereof
WO2017068454A1 (en) 2015-10-23 2017-04-27 Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd. Display panel, input/output device, and data processing device
TW201812729A (en) 2016-07-01 2018-04-01 半導體能源研究所股份有限公司 Electronic device and method for driving the same
US10490130B2 (en) 2017-02-10 2019-11-26 Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd. Display system comprising controller which process data
JPH06160850A (en) * 1992-11-26 1994-06-07 Sharp Corp Liquid crystal display device
DE69427671T2 (en) * 1993-10-19 2002-05-08 Sharp Kk Liquid crystal display device and its manufacturing method
US6025894A (en) * 1996-09-04 2000-02-15 Casio Computer Co., Ltd. Scatter control member for organic electroluminescent light source for passing light with or without scattering depending upon an incident angle
JPH10213799A (en) 1997-01-29 1998-08-11 Casio Comput Co Ltd Liquid crystal display device
JP3215346B2 (en) 1997-03-28 2001-10-02 シャープ株式会社 Front illuminating device and a reflective liquid crystal display device having the same
JP3518237B2 (en) 1997-03-28 2004-04-12 カシオ計算機株式会社 Liquid Crystal Display
JP3112393B2 (en) 2000-11-27 Color display device
JP3072829B2 (en) 2000-08-07 A color liquid crystal panel
JP3276745B2 (en) 2002-04-22 Variable wavelength light emitting element and a control method thereof
US6844903B2 (en) 2005-01-18 Blue backlight and phosphor layer for a color LCD
CN2604705Y (en) 2004-02-25 Liquid crystal display device, base plate and electronic equipment for liquid crystal display device
JP3767419B2 (en) 2006-04-19 Liquid crystal display element
US6936960B2 (en) 2005-08-30 OLED displays having improved contrast
CN1627876B (en) 2010-05-26 Light-emission device
US6181062B1 (en) 2001-01-30 Multiple layered organic electroluminescent device structure with plural transparent electrode, color filters and organic/inorganic transparent coating to enhance light diffusion effects
KR100690515B1 (en) 2007-03-09 Reflection type liquid crystal display device and manufacturing method thereof
CN1214280C (en) 2005-08-10 Liquid crystal display element
JP5263593B2 (en) 2013-08-14 Illumination device and display device
JP3380482B2 (en) 2003-02-24 The liquid crystal display device
US7385654B2 (en) 2008-06-10 Display
JP4638965B2 (en) 2011-02-23 Broadband reflective display
US20050194896A1 (en) 2005-09-08 Light emitting element and display device and illumination device using the light emitting element
JP2005527846A (en) 2005-09-15 Switchable electro-optic stacking
US7929077B2 (en) 2011-04-19 Light source, display device, portable terminal device, and ray direction switching element
JP2006012818A (en) 2006-01-12 Blacklight assembly and display device using the same
TWI282883B (en) 2007-06-21 Phosphor blends and backlight sources for liquid crystal displays
JP2006164808A (en) 2006-06-22 Light emitting element, lighting system and display device having it
US6798469B2 (en) 2004-09-28 Optical element, optical light source unit and optical display device equipped with the optical light source unit
KR100450542B1 (en) 2004-10-01 Illuminating apparatus and liquid crystal display using the same
US5438453A (en) 1995-08-01 Light source for flat-panel display
2010-11-12 R371 Transfer withdrawn
2011-01-04 S631 Written request for registration of reclamation of domicile
Year of fee payment: 10