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Learning across culture, time and space: Canadian and Jamaican women's experiences in learning via distance
Patricia A. Gouthro
Mount St Vincent University, Canada
Paper presented at SCUTREA, 31st Annual Conference, 3-5 July 2001, University of East London
INNOVATIONS in distance technologies to mediate the delivery of education means that traditional boundaries of time, space and culture are being bridged, thus redefining the experience of adult learners working within a globalized context. As an educator from a Canadian university teaching in a graduate adult education program, I am interested in exploring the learning experiences of women students learning via distance. Currently we teach students in Jamaica and Canada utilizing a multi-mode approach that combines on-site visits, residential institutes, teleconferencing, print materials and the internet.
This paper overviews a pilot qualitative research study that examines the experiences of Canadian and Jamaican women learning via distance. Ten in-depth, personal interviews were conducted to enable the students to speak of their learning experiences in their own words. I draw upon these narratives to tease out the commonalities and themes that consistently emerge as issues for women learning via distance. I explore the changing realities of educational experiences today for women, discuss some of the challenges in learning at a distance, and begin an exploration some of the concerns entailed in teaching across cultures. From the initial results of this study I raise a number of questions that need to be further addressed to understand the increasingly complex and shifting terrain of adult education within the context of the emergent discourses surrounding what Richard Edwards (1997) has termed the 'moorland' of lifelong learning.
Gender differences in experiences in lifelong learning
Recent discourses in the field of adult education indicate that increasingly, the focus in the field is shifting towards an emphasis on the importance of lifelong learning and the learning society (Edwards, 1997; Field & Schuller, 1999; Bagnell, 2000). The concept of lifelong learning has gendered implications, as women's lives often follow different 'trajectories' that those of their male counterparts (Gorand, Rees & Fevre, 1999). Research on women in higher education indicates that relationships with family members and labour required to maintain the household and raise children are often important factors that impact on women's adult learning experiences (Campbell, 1993; Pascall &Cox, 1993; Edwards, 1993).
In this study I looked at women's experiences in taking a graduate adult education degree. The majority of students in our program are women - probably upwards of 80%, although this varies somewhat from year to year. Most are mature students who work at full or part-time paid jobs outside of the home. Some are single or divorced, but many are married or in long-term relationships. Many of our students have children, that range in age from infants to adults. As other research on the experiences of women learners indicates (see Campbell, 1993; Pascall & Cox, 1993; Edwards, 1993, Home, 1998), these outside relationships and responsibilities have a profound impact on the way that women tend to experience education. Instead of maintaining a linear focus on their studies as men have traditionally been able to do (Bateson, 1989; Edwards, 1993) women must engage with their ongoing education as a part of complex network of obligations and expectations that direct their energy and labour.
The women in this study had to negotiate often challenging circumstances to complete their educational goals. This finding was consistent with prior research (Campbell,1993; Fagan, 1991) which indicates that in addition to practical difficulties around labour and finding sufficient time to study, women also must deal with emotional issues regarding self-esteem, concerns over family relationships, stress and isolation. Women still bear the brunt of responsibility for domestic labour and childcare (Luxton, Rosenberg & Arat-Koc, 1990).For instance, one of the Jamaican women, states that, 'But working and studying and being a woman I find, you're not exempt from any decision-making and your regular responsibilities... everybody just assumes that you have to do this and you ought to be able irrespective of what you're doing.' A Canadian discussed how she juggled her schedule around full-time employment and mothering her three children, when she would 'getup around 4:30 or 5:00 (a.m.) and read for two hours before I went to work. So I mean it wasn't easy'. As I have argued previously, women's learning experiences are often linked with concerns centred around the homeplace (Gouthro, 1999). In this study, domestic and childcare responsibilities were often cited as reasons for choosing to learn via distance. For financial reasons it was also important for many women to continue their paid employment as they worked towards obtaining a degree.
Relationships in the homeplace also influence women's experiences in continuing their formal education. Several of the women in the study discussed the support that they received from their husbands and also their children. A single Canadian mother of two older children reflected on the experience and said, 'I was just thinking now they think that it's good. They think, they think that's something to be proud of that their mother's back at school.' One of the Jamaican students reflected that when she separated from her husband it was actually easier to return to school because she was freed from her husband's expectations regarding household labour. 'You find yourself feeling more comfortable you know and you feel more relaxed. You don't have to run, you don't have to run to put on a pot and cook and you don't have to because the girls understand if we don't want to cook we don't cook. They say, Mummy, don't worry, we'll use leftovers or don't fatigue yourself. We're not little anymore now. You get a different sense of empowerment, you know.' This example concurs with Rosalind Edwards' research when she points out 'the time that men take up, the time that women spend with their partners, is not just a matter of servicing them domestically, but is also time spent servicing them emotionally' (1993, p.111). Since studying also takes up a lot of time, it can create conflict within the household if it means that this time is directed away from the male partner or family members who are not supportive.
Learning via distance technologies
In examining the narratives of Canadian and Jamaican women, it becomes clear that distance alternatives in education are important as a means of providing access for women to continue their formal learning opportunities.
Within the current context of learning, it has been argued that time and space are becoming compressed (Giddens, 1990). Plumb (2000) talks about 'a world on speed', where traditional conceptions of time and place are being altered by the effect of new technologies and globalization.
Traditional boundaries that defined how and when learning could take place have been forever altered with the introduction of new and rapidly changing technologies that redefine learning contexts. A couple of decades ago it would have been inconceivable that half of a faculty person's teaching load would be in another country, and that you might teach Jamaicans in the morning and Canadians in the afternoon. Edwards and Usher(1999) argue that traditional boundaries of space are becoming blurred within the globalized educational context so that the separation, for instance, of home and school is no longer as distinct as it once was. When you have professors teaching from their living rooms and students thousand of miles away sitting in their kitchen participating in a class, the traditional spatial boundaries and concept of what constitutes a classroom must be reconceptualized.
For the students in this study, access to education was a key issue. As women they were often unable or unwilling to relocate because of their domestic and labour responsibilities and personal relationships. Home found that distance education affords the flexibility that many women require to continue their studies, noting that 'distance education increases student's control of time, place, and pace of learning' (1998, p. 95). One of the Jamaican women summed up her decision to take this degree, 'So the fact that I could work and do the course was attractive. So the decision wasn't to do a distance course so much as when it became available it came with a lot of other pluses. For example, one I didn't have to leave my husband, two I didn't have to quit my job and then search for scholarship necessarily. So those were the positives'. Several other women also discussed the advantages of being able to continue with their employment and not have to leave their families in order to continue with their studies.
Using the distance technologies posed a number of challenges for students, however. Students found it was sometimes difficult not to see the visual cues from other students and faculty. Both Canada and Jamaican students discussed how it was easier to use the distance technologies because they had the opportunity to make face-to-face contact with the instructors first. In Jamaica we begin each course with an on-site workshop taught by the faculty member. A Jamaican student describes her experience of learning via the teleconferencing by saying, 'For me it's strange because I tend to like to look at who I'm talking to, but I felt that maybe because you would come down and then you came to put a face to the person it helped.' In Canada the distance students interviewed for this study had met faculty either by attending a class in Halifax or at the residential summer institute. One of the Canadian distance students who occasionally traveled into Halifax for classes explained, 'Yeah, I can come in and it makes a difference when you know what people look like. It's funny listening to people's voices and not know who they are sort of physically, but I don't usually mind it.' Learning via teleconferencing sometimes posed problems when the technology was not working properly or being adequately supported. In Jamaica, one of the students explained how these sorts of problems can hinder classroom learning, saying 'we've had lots of breaks right and initially the rooms were never prepared properly and we lost a lot of valuable time'. Similarly, students studying at a college site in Cape Breton (located in northern Nova Scotia) explained, 'and going out to the college you know you had to go out at a certain time and run to get the key from someone and try and find the room and it was just really inconvenient ...' Many students also raised the issue of poor administrative supports for the program. In Jamaica, one of the students expressed her frustration, explaining: 'We never know ahead of time when classes are starting. We get a phone call late maybe Friday, the next class is on Thursday.
I think as a university student, I need to have had something in the mail to say your classes begin, your fees should be paid by this date and this date. That is what I don't like.
Calling around, calling around.' Distance students are conscious of what kinds of services on-site students traditionally receive and feel cheated when the university fails to provide them with similar supports. Similarly, a number of Jamaicans expressed concern with the lack of library resources. One of the Jamaicans explained how being limited to the readings supplied with each course was sometimes frustrating for her because of her desire to read more broadly. She said, 'Right and there are a lot of chapters we get and I say boy I would love to read this whole book because it maybe chapter six but I'd love to hear what he said from chapter one to five you know or maybe I'd like to hear chapter seven and see how it all turns out ...' Limited resources, however, meant that Jamaican students were unable to access the array of books and materials that Canadian students even at a distance generally could obtain.
Learning their way into the technology itself provided challenges for some of the students, although all of the women in this sample seemed to have adapted fairly easily.
One of the Canadians explained, 'I was a little frightened at first, but once I realized how easy it was, it was just fine.' Several of the women had experience in using computers and were able to adapt readily to the technology. In fact, some of the Jamaicans were disappointed that little use was made of the computers since so few Jamaican students had internet access that with this initial cohort of students it wasn't feasible to implement this as a central component of the teaching.
Culture, race & distance learning
The Jamaican students were also being taught by faculty from another country and race, and the experience of learning as a member of a minority group and a person from the South raises a number of interesting ethical points for consideration in a world where education is increasingly being marketed to countries in the South. Black feminist educators bell hooks (1990) and Patricia Hill Collins (2000) have argued that too often the black experience is treated as peripheral or marginal rather than central to educational discourses. In speaking of her experience as an American black feminist, Collins states, 'Taken together, the supposedly seamless web of economy, polity, and ideology function as a highly effective system of social control designed to keep African-American women in an assigned, subordinate space' (2000, p. 5).The experiences of black people, particularly women, are treated as insignificant and less central to understanding societal structure than the experiences of white people, particularly white males.
One of the ways that members of our program tried to create a learning environment relevant to the Jamaican context was by having a faculty member research the Jamaican library archives and rewrite the Historical Perspectives course to include a Jamaican perspective (see Welton, 1998). A number of the students commented on the importance of this. For example, a Jamaican student said, 'I found the Historical Perspectives very very relevant, very informative and we start seeing things in a sort of different light; history.' Similarly, another Jamaican said, 'I mean we were all appreciative of it, because we're used to being in the history of the English and the Canadians and the U.S.' Framing the challenges for adult educators in a Jamaican historical context helped the Jamaican students to better understand their past in order to give some background to assess some of the issues currently confronting their society. It was also seen as an indicator that the Canadian faculty were committed to modifying the program so that it would be more meaningful for the Jamaican students.
One of the interesting points that was raised by Jamaican students was how they felt about having Canadian faculty as educators in the program. One Jamaican woman said, 'Yes, I think it's OK because what it does it gives you a wider perspective and as I've said these persons who are coming over so far are persons who are aware of the importance of crossing these boundaries and bringing together interrelating exchanging discussions and so it serves as a widening of the experience'. Similarly, another student explained it 'I guess it would always have its positives and negatives. But for me it gave another perspective which I always embraced...pardon ... always into expanding your knowledge not just in the information but other person's take on an issue and the cultural difference or the cultural implications around a particular topic or concept'. The women talked about how they became aware of different ways of understanding the world, and how for some of them, this increased their sense of tolerance for different approaches. They felt that they had become more open minded and willing to accept difference.
Further questions to be investigated
Concerns around technology, distance, isolation, and learning across cultures all emerged as interesting themes to be further investigated. Just in the short time frame since these women were interviewed, further changes in technology have created different issues of access to knowledge. For instance, our university now has access to on-line journal articles for all students, a factor that can make a huge difference in the ability of our distance students to access up-to-date research materials. Every year more students have access to the internet and greater proficiency in working with computers. These changes in technology will have an ongoing impact on the different kinds of learning experiences our students will have.
There are still concerns around technological problems and administrative supports that impact detrimentally on the teaching situation. Teaching via distance creates another level of complexity for educators and educational institutions. For many women, despite these drawbacks, distance technologies create opportunities for accessing education that would otherwise be unattainable.
All of the students in this program had the opportunity to meet faculty face-to-face. It would be interesting to investigate the experiences of students who did not have contact with faculty and/or other students to determine what their learning experiences were like. Isolation may play a larger factor in those learning situations.
Gender is a complex variable, as it intersects with race, ability, age and other factors.
Different domestic and work responsibilities and relationships serve to impact on the amount of time students have to dedicate to their studies. It would be interesting to explore a wider cross-section of women to assess their experiences, as their unique situations and responsibilities seem to have an important impact on their assessment of this learning experience.
Finally, we are only beginning to explore some of the consequences of teaching cross-culturally. It would be interesting to explore the experiences of educators as well as students in various countries to assess further some of the implication on teaching internationally via distance technologies.
Bagnell, RG(2000) 'Lifelong learning and the limitations of economic determinism' International Journal of Lifelong Education. 19,1, pp 20-35
Bateson, MC (1989) Composing a life. New York: The Atlantic Monthly Press
Campbell P (1993) No going back: women as university students Halifax, NS: Fernwood Publishing
Collins, PH (2000) Black feminist thought: knowledge, consciousness, and the politics of empowerment, 2nd ed. New York: Routledge
Edwards, R (1993) Mature women students: separating or connecting family and education London: Taylor & Francis
Edwards, R (1997) Changing places? flexibility, lifelong learning and a learning society London: Routledge
Edwards, R & Usher, R (1999) 'Theorising space/the space of theory: mapping in the education of adults SCUTREA 29th Annual Conference, University of Warwick
Fagan, GH (1991) 'Local struggles: women in the home and critical feminist pedagogy in Ireland' Journal of Education 173, 1, pp 65-75
Field, J & Schuller, T (1999) 'Investigating the learning society' Studies in the Education of Adults, 31, 1, pp 1-9
Giddens, A (1990) The Consequences of Modernity Stanford, California: Stanford University Press
Gorand, S, Reeves, G & Fevre, R (1999) 'Two dimensions of time: the changing social context of lifelong learning' Studies in the Education of Adults, 31, 1, pp 35-48
Gouthro, P A (1999) 'The homeplace-not the marketplace: Developing a critical feminist approach to adult education' 40th Annual Adult Education Research Conference DeKalk, Illinois: Northern Illinois University, pp 121-126
Home, A M (1998) 'Predicting role conflict, overload and contagion in adult women university students with families and jobs' Adult Education Quarterly, 48, 2, pp 85-97
hooks, b (1990) Yearning: race, gender, and cultural politics Toronto, Ontario: Between the Lines
Pascall, G & Cox,R (1993) Women returning to higher education Bury St. Edmunds, Suffolk: Open University Press
Plumb, D. (1999) 'Adult education in a world on speed 'Studies in Continuing Education 21, 2, pp141-161
Luxton, M, Rosenberg, H & Arat-Koc, S (1990) Through the kitchen window: the politics of home and family Toronto, Ontario: Garamond Press
Welton, M R(1999) Historical Perspectives: The Jamaican Legacy GAED 6201, Course Notes
This document was added to the Education-line database on 14 February 2003


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U2 – Staring At The Sun
September 14, 2016 / Jason's Jukebox
Attack of the Killer Track! is a series that explores tracks from artists from a variety of genres. Some of the tracks were singles, some of them were obscure b-sides or long forgotten album tracks. One thing is certain – all of them are killer tracks.
In the mid to late 90's U2 were restless and relentless in their musical experimentation – beginning with 1991's Achtung Baby and ending with 1997's Pop (including 1995's Passengers project w/ Brian Eno). For me personally, that is the 2nd Golden Age of U2 (the 1st period is their post punk masterpieces encompassing their 1st 3 albums). Pop was not universally embraced and was even later bashed by the band as feeling forced. I can see that on some songs, but Staring At The Sun doesn't fit within that narrative. The 2nd single lifted from the album, it hit #3 in the UK and #26 in the US. Slightly less electronica based than other songs from the record, it has that classic U2 sound w/ sonic embellishments. Lyrically, it is one of my favorite U2 songs. Weren't we all told not to stare at the sun when we were kids? Do we always listen to what we are told? Images of summer passing, pushing yourself to try something new, dealing with fears. The one lyric that really makes an impression on me is during the musical interlude. Adam Clayton's bass sounds positively menacing (looped, sampled, and played live) while Bono sings "God is good but will HE listen". As an artist who has continually put himself on the line by proclaiming his faith, those words pack a punch. A sometimes overlooked anthem in the U2 canon, Staring At the Sun is a song I continually return to. Perfection.
Adam Clayton, Bono, Larry Mullen Jr., pop, Staring At The Sun, The Edge, U2
← The Lemonheads – The Outdoor Type
Nick Cave and the Bad Seeds – Skeleton Tree →

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


We first met the parents of Nicholas and Reagan six years ago, when Rick made their three foot tall wedding cake and a surprise groom's cake. The couple returned to us for birthday celebrations, always bringing us fun, sometimes crazy, themes along the way - like a sculpted Palmolive bottle cake! They adore cake - the taste of it as much as the appearance - and we always look forward to making their special cakes! When they started having children, Rick began making cakes for Nicholas and Reagan who, for the past couple of years, have celebrated birthdays together. Last year, Rick made them each their own cake. This year their interests were combined into one cake with a Pirate and Mermaid theme, represented by a treasure chest filled with jewels with a pretty mermaid on the side. It was so much fun to do and we were excited about it as soon as the order was placed!
and FILL their treasure chest until it was overflowing with pretty, all edible jewels. He started working on their cake days in advance, first making and painting the mermaid then making the jewels and sculpting the treasure chest. The treasure chest was sculpted out of vanilla cake and had a delicious caramel cream filling. Rick estimates 15 hours was spent making the cake, and once again, his work area and hands looked like a color explosion had occurred!
After the party was over, our clients sent us an adorable photo of their son Nicholas, in his Pirate costume holding a sword. This little cutie captured our hearts and made all the hard work and time spent on the cake completely worth it. Happy Birthday to Nicholas and Reagan! We hope to see them and their family again next year!
Happy Birthday, Ernie Santiago, Mr. U.S.A. 1983!


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How to receive your eVoucher for Free School Meals : ACTION REQUIRED
Dear parents of children with entitlement to Free School Meals:
Who is entitled to a Free School Meal / FSM Voucher?
Only those children currently in receipt of a Free School Meal. There is no entitlement for those families receiving a meal through the Infant Universal Free School Meal system. As you will see below, we will contact you if you have an entitlement.
Who runs the system?
The Department for Education (DfE) have now set up a centralised system by which families can receive an eCode/voucher for Free School Meals, redeemable at one of the authorised outlets. This is the government's system, agreed by them and established using their protocols; therefore, the school cannot amend or adjust the system should it not suit your needs.
The DfE system enables you to receive an 'eCode' by email (a 16-digit number with a value attached). You can then go online to redeem the eCode against a choice of eGift cards/vouchers (a digital gift card delivered via email) which currently includes the following food retailers:
M&S food
You are then able to print the voucher out and redeem in store
Supplying an email address and redeeming the voucher at home is the quickest and safest method by which you can receive your voucher.
If you are entitled to a meal but do not wish to receive a voucher, school pack up meals can still be collected daily between 12 and 1pm.
I do not have an email and/or printer. Can I still get a voucher?
If you do not have an email address or printer, we will select a voucher card on your behalf and have this printed out for collection at school. You will then need collect the voucher when directed to do so. Alternatively, you can opt to still receive a pack up meal from the school.
Action required: YOU MUST RESPOND:
Those entitled to Free School Meals will be contacted by the school before the end of Monday on the telephone number you have supplied on record.
You will be asked for your preference:
Continuation of access to Free School Meal as a packed lunch collected from school
Use of an email address where you want the eCode to be sent so you can redeem it
Statement that you have no email or printer and a wish to collect a voucher from school when directed to do so*
*You will also be asked to state a preference of the store you wish to redeem your voucher at. Remember, this option requires you to collect the voucher from school at a given time.
Once the school has received a preference, we will then put the system in place. Please understand that we have in excess of 100 applications to process and this will take some time. Please do not contact us to ask when you will receive your email voucher. Doing so will only interrupt the process speed and delay the receipt of your entitlement.
We aim to have the system in place and to have your eCodes sent early next week.
Note: If you do not respond to attempts to contact you, we will assume that your preference is to not receive an eCode/voucher.


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Q: Unable to update the no of contacts field on account I am trying to update the no of contacts custom field on account after insert and after update on account but i don't see the field getting updated.
Here is my code///
    trigger updatenumberofcontacts on Account(after insert, after update) {
    list<account> acctlist= New list<account>();
    //Get related contacts for this account
    Map<Id,Account> acctsWithcontacts = new Map<Id,Account>([SELECT Id,(SELECT Id FROM contacts) FROM Account WHERE Id IN :Trigger.New]);
    //Add contact for each account after each account record is created
    //create custom field on account
   list<account> acct =New List<account>([select id, name, No_of_Contacts__c from account where Id IN :Trigger.new]);
   For (account a:acct) {
   integer Noofcontacts = acctsWithcontacts.get(a.id).Contacts.size();
   system.debug('//////////////'+Noofcontacts);
   if (acctsWithcontacts.get(a.id).Contacts.size()>0)
  {
  a.No_of_Contacts__c= Noofcontacts;
  }
  ///acctlist.add(acct);
  }
 //update a;
 }

A: Unfortunately, RSF is not possible in OOB SFDC Accounts -> Contacts. But, there is a point-and-click solution that avoids the need for triggers - Declarative Lookup Rollup Summaries (DLRS) - free, and available in GitHub.
This will handle Contact insertion, deletion, reparenting, and undeletion - which is what you need to count.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Hello, does anyone know which AI family hotels have heated pools in the winter months (Dec-Feb)?
All inclusive resorts with heated pools in the winter?
Enjoyed a very nice dinner here. The food was very good and the service was great also. The atmosphere was very nice as well.
Is whole milk available in Barcelo Maya Colonial?
Great experience. Quick service to and from hotel. They were waiting for us at the airport and were on time to pick us up. Comfortable and private shuttle ride.
Amazing resort with incredible staff!!!
How much is the safe at Gran Bahia Bavaro?
I heard that the safe is very expensive at the gran Bahia Bavaro resort. Does anyone know the daily charge? Thanks.


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Home / Ghassan Salame
Salame: The pathways sponsored by UNSMIL appear to be going well
Monday, November 23, 2020 - 11:15
The former United Nations envoy to Libya, Ghassan Salame, said that the three tracks, sponsored by the United Nations Support Mission in Libya (UNSMIL), appear to be going well and are a promising sign of optimism.
Former UN envoy Salame: Libya's Tunis-based dialogue will turn the page from confrontation
The former UN envoy to Libya, Ghassan Salame, said that he is confident that all Libyans will turn the page against confrontation and move their country along the path of stability.
Salame accuses Security Council of hypocrisy over support to Haftar
Thursday, July 2, 2020 - 20:41
The United Nations' former envoy to Libya, Ghassan Salame, attacked the Security Council on Wednesday, saying he had been "stabbed in the back" and accused the member states of "hypocrisy".
France expresses regret for the resignation of Salame
Thursday, March 5, 2020 - 10:35
France announced on Wednesday, its regret for the resignation of UN envoy to Libya, Ghassan Salame.
UN races to appoint new envoy in restive Libya
Wednesday, March 4, 2020 - 14:20
Spokesman for the United Nations Secretary-General, Stéphane Dujarric has said that the UN is anxious to see a new envoy at the head of its mission in Libya and is doing its utmost in this regard.
U.S. Ambassador: We look forward to the appointment of a successor to UN envoy
The American Ambassador to Libya, Richard Norland, has expressed his country's desire to appoint a successor to the head of the United Nations Support Mission in Libya (UNSMIL) Ghassan Salame, in order to resume the political, s
Libya's Foreign Ministry calls on international community to condemn the aggressor
In its first comment on the resignation of the UN envoy to Libya Ghassan Salame, the Libyan Foreign Ministry has called on the international community to speak out the truth and condemn the aggressor and the attacking
Guterres to discuss with Salame UNSMIL's leadership
A spokesman for the United Nations Support Mission in Libya (UNSMIL), Jean Alam, said that the Secretary-General of the United Nations, Antonio Guterres, had received a letter from the head of UNSMIL, Ghassan Salame, w
German ambassador inspects polling stations in Tajoura https://t.co/Tbo1u842Fo 15 min 11 sec ago
Victim of mass grave in Tarhuna identified https://t.co/orW0oFxBgD 1 hour 15 min ago
#Libya on the agenda for British and Italian discussions https://t.co/XhEfycRyM9 2 hours 15 min ago
@Lyobserver Thanx USAID . keep up a good work . https://t.co/3P39x9UkOX 3 hours 58 min ago


text:
Human Salmonella Typhimurium Infections Linked to Exposure to Clinical and Teaching Microbiology Laboratories
Posted July 19, 2017 12:15 PM ET
CDC and public health officials in several states have identified a multistate outbreak of Salmonella Typhimurium infections linked to various clinical, commercial, and teaching microbiology laboratories.
Twenty-four people infected with the outbreak strain of Salmonella Typhimurium were reported from 16 states.
Six ill people were hospitalized. No deaths were reported.
This strain of Salmonella Typhimurium has previously been associated with infections linked to microbiology laboratory exposure in 2011 and 2014.
Laboratory-associated salmonellosis continues to be a public health problem. This outbreak is a reminder that bacteria used in microbiology laboratories can sicken people who work in labs. Others who live in their households can also get sick, even if the household members never visited the laboratory.
Guidance documents for work with Salmonella and other similar human pathogens can be found on the Key Resources page.
CDC Investigation Notice
CDC and public health officials in several states have identified a multistate outbreak of Salmonella Typhimurium infections linked to various clinical, commercial, and college and university teaching microbiology laboratories.
Public health investigators used the PulseNet system to identify illnesses that may be part of this outbreak. PulseNet, coordinated by CDC, is the national subtyping network of public health and food regulatory agency laboratories. PulseNet performs DNA fingerprinting on Salmonella bacteria isolated from ill people by using techniques called pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and whole genome sequencing (WGS). CDC PulseNet manages a national database of these DNA fingerprints to identify possible outbreaks.
Twenty-four people infected with the outbreak strain of Salmonella Typhimurium have been reported from 16 states, including California, Colorado, Florida, Georgia, Iowa, Maine, Michigan, Missouri, North Carolina, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, Oklahoma, Texas, and Washington. WGS showed that the strain of Salmonella Typhimurium causing illness in this outbreak is closely related genetically to a strain from an outbreak in 2014 and an outbreak in 2011, both of which were linked to microbiology laboratories. As a result of the 2011 outbreak, several laboratory professionals across the country developed a set of guidelines for handling microorganisms safelyexternal icon in a teaching laboratory.
Among people for whom information was available, illnesses started on dates ranging from March 17, 2017 to June 22, 2017. Ill people ranged in age from less than one year to 57 years, with a median age of 24. Seventy-five percent of ill people were female. Among 21 people with available information, six (29%) were hospitalized. No deaths were reported.
In interviews, ill people answered questions about different exposures in the week before they became ill. Nine (69%) of 13 ill people had laboratory exposures. Ill people in this outbreak reported behaviors while working in the laboratory that could increase the risk of Salmonella infection. These included not wearing gloves or lab coats, not washing hands, and using the same writing utensils and notebooks outside of the laboratory.
This outbreak highlights the potential risk of Salmonella infection associated with working in microbiology laboratories.
All students and staff in clinical and teaching microbiology laboratories should receive laboratory safety training. Either nonpathogenic or attenuated bacterial strains should be used when possible, especially in teaching laboratories. This practice will help reduce the risk of students and their family members becoming ill. More information is available on the Advice to Students and Employees in Microbiology Laboratories page.
Case Count: 24
States: 16
Deaths: 0
Hospitalizations: 6
Page last reviewed: July 19, 2017
Content source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases (NCEZID), Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases (DFWED)


The building is no longer standing, making this photo an historical recording. This view was taken in 2012 at an abandoned psychiatric hospital. Colin Savage explores abandoned and decrepit locations, often very dangerous, to get beautiful and unique shots. This was taken in natural light with very few post production edits to present it in black and white, evoking various emotions from the viewer. The canvas media bestows a special quality and depth for the viewer to enjoy. Photo is available framed and matted in an 8"x10" size.


text:
package com.hh.timeselector.timeutil.datedialog;

/**
 * Wheel changed listener interface.
 *

 * The currentItemChanged() method is called whenever current wheel positions is
 * changed:
 *
New Wheel position is set
 *
Wheel view is scrolled
 */
public interface OnWheelChangedListener {
    /**
     * Callback method to be invoked when current item changed
     *
     * @param wheel the wheel view whose state has changed
     * @param oldValue the old value of current item
     * @param newValue the new value of current item
     */
    void onChanged(WheelView wheel, int oldValue, int newValue);
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Vision Of Cromwell
Categories: OMENS AND PHANTASMS
Scary Books: The Haunters & The Haunted
: "ARISE EVANS"
A vision that I had presently after the king's death--I thought that I
was in a great hall, like the king's hall, or the castle in Winchester,
and there was none there but a judge that sat upon the bench and myself;
and as I turned to a window in the north-westward, and looking into the
palm of my hand, there appeared to me a face, head and shoulders like
the Lord Fairfax's, and presently it vanished. Again, there arose the
r /> Lord Cromwell, and he vanished likewise; then arose a young face and he
had a crown upon his head, and he vanished also; and another young face
arose with a crown upon his head, and he vanished also; and another
young face arose with a crown upon his head, and vanished in like
manner; and as I turned the palm of my hand back again to me and looked,
there did appear no more in it. Then I turned to the judge and said to
him, there arose in my hand seven, and five of them had crowns; but when
I turned my hand, the blood turned to its veins, and these appeared no
more: so I awoke. The interpretation of this vision is, that after the
Lord Cromwell, there shall be kings again in England, which thing is
signified unto us by those that arose after him, who were all crowned,
but the generations to come may look for a change of the blood, and of
the name in the royal seat, after five kings once passed, 2 Kings x. 30.
(The words referred to in this text are these:) "And the Lord said unto
Jehu, because thou hast done well, etc., thy children of the fourth
generation shall sit upon the throne of Israel."
Under The Lamp
Visions Of The Dead In Sleep
The Trial For Murder
I have always noticed a prevalent want of courage, even among persons of superior intelligence and culture, as to imparting their own psychological experiences when those have been of a strange sort. Almost all men are afraid that what they c... The Two Curmas
A rustic named Curma, of Tullium, near Hippo, Augustine's town, fell into a catalepsy. On reviving he said: "Run to the house of Curma the smith and see what is going on". Curma the smith was found to have died just when the other Curma awoke. "... The Two Curmas
A rustic named Curma, of Tullium, near Hippo, Augustine's town, fell into a catalepsy. On reviving he said: "Run to the house of Curma the smith and see what is going on". Curma the smith was found to have died just when the other Curma awoke. "... The Vision And The Portrait
Mrs. M. writes (December 15, 1891) that before her vision she had heard nothing about hauntings in the house occupied by herself and her husband, and nothing about the family sorrows of her predecessors there. "One night, on retiring to my bedroo... The Vision And The Portrait
Mrs. M. writes (December 15, 1891) that before her vision she had heard nothing about hauntings in the house occupied by herself and her husband, and nothing about the family sorrows of her predecessors there. "One night, on retiring to my bedroo... The Vision Of Charles Xi Of Sweden
The authenticity of the following narrative rests upon a _proces-verbal_, drawn out in form, and attested by the signatures of four credible witnesses. Charles XI. was one of the most despotic and, at the same time, one of the ablest monarch... The Vision Of The Bride
Colonel Meadows Taylor writes, in The Story of my Life (vol. ii., p. 32): "The determination (to live unmarried) was the result of a very curious and strange incident that befel me during one of my marches to Hyderabad. I have never forgotten it, ... The Vision Of The Bride
Colonel Meadows Taylor writes, in The Story of my Life (vol. ii., p. 32): "The determination (to live unmarried) was the result of a very curious and strange incident that befel me during one of my marches to Hyderabad. I have never forgotten it, ... The Wandering Jew In England
When on the weary way to Golgotha, Christ fainting, and overcome under the burden of the cross, asked Salathiel, as he was standing at his door, for a cup of water to cool His parched throat, he spurned the supplication, and bade Him on the fas... The Wesley Ghost
No ghost story is more celebrated than that of Old Jeffrey, the spirit so named by Emily Wesley, which disturbed the Rectory at Epworth, chiefly in the December of 1716 and the spring of 1717. Yet the vagueness of the human mind has led many people... The Wesley Ghost
No ghost story is more celebrated than that of Old Jeffrey, the spirit so named by Emily Wesley, which disturbed the Rectory at Epworth, chiefly in the December of 1716 and the spring of 1717. Yet the vagueness of the human mind has led many people... The Woman's Ghost Story
"Yes," she said, from her seat in the dark corner, "I'll tell you an experience if you care to listen. And, what's more, I'll tell it briefly, without trimmings--I mean without unessentials. That's a thing story-tellers never do, you know," she l... The Wood Of The Dead
One summer, in my wanderings with a knapsack, I was at luncheon in the room of a wayside inn in the western country, when the door opened and there entered an old rustic, who crossed close to my end of the table and sat himself down very quietly i... The Wraith Of The Czarina
"In the exercise of his duties as one of the pages-in-waiting, Ribaupierre followed one day his august mistress into the throne-room of the palace. When the Empress, accompanied by the high officers of her court and the ladies of her household, cam... The Wraith Of The Czarina
"In the exercise of his duties as one of the pages-in-waiting, Ribaupierre followed one day his august mistress into the throne-room of the palace. When the Empress, accompanied by the high officers of her court and the ladies of her household, cam... Three And One Are One
In the year 1861 Barr Lassiter, a young man of twenty-two, lived with his parents and an elder sister near Carthage, Tennessee. The family were in somewhat humble circumstances, subsisting by cultivation of a small and not very fertile plantati... Ticonderoga
It was one evening in the summer of the year 1755 that Campbell of Inverawe {157} was on Cruachan hill side. He was startled by seeing a man coming towards him at full speed; a man ragged, bleeding, and evidently suffering agonies of terror. "The ... Ticonderoga
It was one evening in the summer of the year 1755 that Campbell of Inverawe {157} was on Cruachan hill side. He was startled by seeing a man coming towards him at full speed; a man ragged, bleeding, and evidently suffering agonies of terror. "The ... Ticonderoga"
Inverawe rose before dawn and went straight to the cave. Macniven was gone! Inverawe saw no more of the ghost, but the adventure left him a gloomy, melancholy man. Many a time he would wander on Cruachan hill side, brooding over his vision, and... Ticonderoga"
Inverawe rose before dawn and went straight to the cave. Macniven was gone! Inverawe saw no more of the ghost, but the adventure left him a gloomy, melancholy man. Many a time he would wander on Cruachan hill side, brooding over his vision, and... To The God Nibib, Child
... To The God Nibib, Child
... Tom Cypher's Phantom Engine
(Seattle _Press-Times_, Jan. 10, 1892) Locomotive engineers are as a class said to be superstitious, but J.M. Pinckney, an engineer known to almost every Brotherhood man, is an exception to the rule. He has never been able to believe the different... Two Military Executions
In the spring of the year 1862 General Buell's big army lay in camp, licking itself into shape for the campaign which resulted in the victory at Shiloh. It was a raw, untrained army, although some of its fractions had seen hard enough service, ... Under The Lamp
I had given a glass ball to a young lady, who believed that she could play the "willing game" successfully without touching the person "willed," and when the person did not even know that "willing" was going on. This lady, Miss Baillie, had scarcel... Under The Lamp
I had given a glass ball to a young lady, who believed that she could play the "willing game" successfully without touching the person "willed," and when the person did not even know that "willing" was going on. This lady, Miss Baillie, had scarcel... Vision Of Cromwell
A vision that I had presently after the king's death--I thought that I was in a great hall, like the king's hall, or the castle in Winchester, and there was none there but a judge that sat upon the bench and myself; and as I turned to a window ... Visions Of The Dead In Sleep
In most of the Greek and Roman stories that survive, the wraiths of the dead are represented as revisiting their friends on earth in sleep. These instances I have not, as a rule, troubled to collect, for they cannot strictly be classed as ghost st... Wandering Willie's Tale
Ye maun have heard of Sir Robert Redgauntlet of that Ilk, who lived in these parts before the dear years. The country will lang mind him; and our fathers used to draw breath thick if ever they heard him named. He was out wi' the Hielandmen in M... What May Happen In A Field Of Wild Oats
". . . The sun had hardly risen when we left the house. We were looking for quail, each with a shotgun, but we had only one dog. Morgan said that our best ground was beyond a certain ridge that he pointed out, and we crossed it by a trail through th... What The Professor Saw
This story is not so painful as the one entitled "_What Uncle Saw_." How we wish that uncle had seen something else, but all the same how glad we are that uncle did not see what the professor saw. The professor is an M.A. of the University of Calc... What Uncle Saw
This story need not have been written. It is too sad and too mysterious, but since reference has been made to it in this book, it is only right that readers should know this sad account. Uncle was a very strong and powerful man and used... With Intent To Steal
To sleep in a lonely barn when the best bedrooms in the house were at our disposal, seemed, to say the least, unnecessary, and I felt that some explanation was due to our host. But Shorthouse, I soon discovered, had seen to all that; our enterpr... Wyndham's Letter
"Sr. According to your desire and my promise I have written down what I remember (divers things being slipt out of my memory) of the relation made me by Mr. Nicholas Towse concerning the Aparition wch visited him. About ye yeare 1627, {122} I and ... Wyndham's Letter
"Sr. According to your desire and my promise I have written down what I remember (divers things being slipt out of my memory) of the relation made me by Mr. Nicholas Towse concerning the Aparition wch visited him. About ye yeare 1627, {122} I and ...


text:
Delegation of the European Union to the Republic of Mauritius and to the Republic of Seychelles
https://twitter.com/EUAmbMauritius
http://www.facebook.com/EUinMauritius/
Abunə olun
Bütün xəbərlər bülletenlərinə baxın
Axtarmaq
Log inAbunə olun
Current language: az
EEAS > Mavrikiy > Opening ceremony of half day workshop on Human Rights and Law Enforcement
Opening ceremony of half day workshop on Human Rights and Law Enforcement
Mauritius , 30/07/2020 - 08:27, UNIQUE ID: 200730_2
Speeches of the Ambassador
Mr Dheeraj Seetulsingh, Chairperson, National Human Rights Commission
Mr Choolun Bhojoo, Deputy Commissioner of Police
Deputy Chairpersons and Members of the National Human Rights Commission
Representatives of Young Queer alliance and Collectif Arc en ciel
Distinguished Guests, Ladies and Gentlemen
Bonzour tou dimoune, sirtout banne policiers ki là azordi.
(Bonjour à tous, surtout les policiers présents ici aujourd'hui)
Mo bien content mo avec zot azordi pou louverture sa seminaire la lor thème ' Drwa Imin et application la loi' organisé par Commission Nationale Droits de l'Homme.
Mo profite locasion pour félicite Président Commission Nationale Droits de l'Homme ek so lekip pou lorganisation sa workshop la dans contexte nou projet pou la promotion drwa imin dans Republik Moris.
I am equally pleased to see so many police officers attending this workshop today. The theme to be discussed today, namely non-discrimination, is key to your work. As a law enforcer, you come across a diversity of stakeholders. Therefore you are or will be coming across two concepts that are at the heart of modern human rights-based societies and human rights-based policing, namely (i) equality and (ii) non-discrimination. And this can be very challenging. We have all seen the world wide emotion and movement created by the death of George Floyd which generated a global movement 'Black lives matter' against racism – I am sure all of you here have heard of it. Here in Mauritius we have the chance to live in a peaceful multicultural society, but to maintain this achievement, the respect of every individual remains essential. Today's workshop aims precisely to discuss and sensitise you on how to apply these principles of non-discrimination when dealing with various target groups, of which LGBTI persons and elderly persons.
Non discrimination in Europe
The European Union for its part is committed to eliminate all forms of discriminations, within its borders and in the world, so that all may enjoy human rights and fundamental freedoms, without restrictions or exceptions. But this is not easy and we face challenges and difficulties along this road. Therefore the need to reinforce the legal framework as a starting point. The Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union clearly provides for non-discrimination based on the following grounds which are enumerated namely:
ethnic or social origin
genetic features
religion or belief
political or any other opinion
membership of a national minority
To make this a reality, all EU member states have obligations under non-discrimination law:
1 To protect against discrimination at the legislative level (equal protection of the law).
2 To take administrative and policy measures for effective protection against discrimination
3. To respect equality (equality before the law): this means that the executive and judicial powers must apply the law in a non-discriminatory manner
In the policing context, the principle of equality before the law is of particular importance. The human rights obligation to take effective action to protect against discrimination, such as taking action against hate crime, is increasingly seen as crucial in the fight against discrimination. Indeed, the police is required to carry out their tasks in a fair manner, guided, in particular, by the principles of impartiality and non-discrimination. And we all know that the Code of ethics of the Mauritius Police Force includes the upholding of fundamental human rights, treating every person as an individual and display respect and compassion towards them.
The question of LGBTI and elderly in Mauritius
I note with appreciation that the Police has been trained in several occasions on human rights based approaches. But there are still some areas where discrimination can sometimes persist in Mauritius. I refer here to the cases of LGBTI persons and elderly, as well as discrimination based on gender.
It is important to highlight that protecting LGBTI persons from discrimination does not mean creation of a new set of LGBTI-specific rights, nor does it require the establishment of new international human rights standards. It simply requires the application of the principles of protection of human dignity, non-discrimination and privacy to all individuals, including LGBTI persons. There should be equal rights for all, and not special rights for LGBTI persons.
In the same vein, there should be equal rights for women, the elderly and the disabled.
What we are doing under the EU funded project with NHRC
This is why we are working with the National Human Rights Commission of the Republic of Mauritius since 2017 to promote the respect for human rights. More than 10 000 people have been trained so far and this half day workshop today is being done with the same objective. This action today follows up the Forum Debate that we had in December 2018, where we brought together politicians, policy makers and NGO to discuss the issue of non-discrimination for LGBTI persons.
I would like to thank here the Chairperson of the National Human Rights Commission and his team for their commitment and the excellent work done so far in training and sensitising the public on respect for human rights.
I would also like to thank Young Queer Alliance and Collectif Arc en Ciel for their participation as resource person today. As representatives of the civil society, you are frontliners when it comes to witnessing acts of discrimination. You are in the best possible position to testify of real situations and by that to sensitise the law enforcers on how to act in a non-discriminative way.
I would like to express my deep appreciation to the Police for their engagement and willingness to participate in this training session. It shows your commitment for a human rights based policing approach in Mauritius.
I am pleased that today's event is also seeing the launch of two tools for the promotion of human rights:
1. One silicone bracelet with key human rights principles engraved on them – this will be distributed widely so that Universal the declaration of human rights is publicised across Mauritius and Rodrigues specially that all human beings are equal in dignity and are entitled to enjoy their rights as enshrined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.
2. A flyer including all relevant practical info for victims of domestic violence. Domestic violence is unfortunately a scourge in many societies, and it is important that victims get quick and comprehensive information on the support available.
I would like to congratulate the National Human Rights Commission team for its hard work in making these tools a reality.
Mo ti a envie nous continué travaille ensam nou tou, ki li banne autorités ou la société civile, pou nou élimine tou discrimination.
Mo remercié zot tou et souhaite zot ene bon séminaire.
L'Union européenne et la National Human Rights Commission unissent leurs forces pour sensibiliser les policiers sur les principes de non-discrimination
Redaksiya Bölmələri:
Mavrikiy
VACANCY : The European Union Delegation to the Republic of Mauritius is looking for a Secretary
Generation Equality: Picture it ! Launch of a global comic and cartoon competition
Smart agriculture : Growing onions in the sand of Mauritius
DG International Cooperation and Development becomes DG International Partnerships
Commission consults on EU targets to restore Europe's ecosystems
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Stop violence against women: Statement by the European Commission and the High Representative press Category: Statements by the HR/VP Tags: Gender Equality International Day for the Elimination of Violence against Women Regions: Africa Mauritius Editorial Sections: Mauritius Unique ID: 201124_9 Press Location: Brussels
Generation Equality: Picture it! Launch of a global comic and cartoon competition UN Women,together with the European Commission, Belgium, France,Mexico and in partnership with Cartooning for Peace, is organising a global Comic and Cartoon Competition under the Generation Equality campaign, which marks the 25th anniversary of the groundbreaking Beijing Declaration and Platform
Statement by Commissioner Kyriakides on the first International Day of Awareness of Food Loss and Waste press Category: Statements on behalf of the EU Regions: Africa Mauritius Topics: EU Global Strategy Editorial Sections: Mauritius Unique ID: 200930_6 Press Location: Brussels
Universal Children's Day: Joint Statement by the European Commission and the High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy press Category: Statements by the HR/VP Tags: WorldChildrensDay Child rights Regions: Africa Mauritius Seychelles Topics: EU Global Strategy Human Rights & Democracy Editorial Sections: Mauritius Unique ID: 201120_3 Press Location: Brussels
Delegation-Mauritius@eeas.europa.eu
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Delicious roasted low and slow. For best results braise a Prime Meat Goat Shoulder and it will fall off the bone and melt in your mouth!
Order with the rib removed at no extra cost for the next 24 hours - only £24.99!


text:
"""Test discovery helpers."""
from collections import OrderedDict
from unittest.mock import patch

from homeassistant import loader, bootstrap
from homeassistant.core import callback
from homeassistant.helpers import discovery
from homeassistant.util.async import run_coroutine_threadsafe

from tests.common import (
    get_test_home_assistant, MockModule, MockPlatform, mock_coro)

class TestHelpersDiscovery:
    """Tests for discovery helper methods."""

    def setup_method(self, method):
        """Setup things to be run when tests are started."""
        self.hass = get_test_home_assistant()

    def teardown_method(self, method):
        """Stop everything that was started."""
        self.hass.stop()

    @patch('homeassistant.bootstrap.async_setup_component')
    def test_listen(self, mock_setup_component):
        """Test discovery listen/discover combo."""
        calls_single = []
        calls_multi = []

        @callback
        def callback_single(service, info):
            """Service discovered callback."""
            calls_single.append((service, info))

        @callback
        def callback_multi(service, info):
            """Service discovered callback."""
            calls_multi.append((service, info))

        discovery.listen(self.hass, 'test service', callback_single)
        discovery.listen(self.hass, ['test service', 'another service'],
                         callback_multi)

        discovery.discover(self.hass, 'test service', 'discovery info',
                           'test_component')
        self.hass.block_till_done()

        assert mock_setup_component.called
        assert mock_setup_component.call_args[0] == \
            (self.hass, 'test_component', None)
        assert len(calls_single) == 1
        assert calls_single[0] == ('test service', 'discovery info')

        discovery.discover(self.hass, 'another service', 'discovery info',
                           'test_component')
        self.hass.block_till_done()

        assert len(calls_single) == 1
        assert len(calls_multi) == 2
        assert ['test service', 'another service'] == [info[0] for info
                                                       in calls_multi]

    @patch('homeassistant.bootstrap.async_setup_component',
           return_value=mock_coro(True)())
    def test_platform(self, mock_setup_component):
        """Test discover platform method."""
        calls = []

        @callback
        def platform_callback(platform, info):
            """Platform callback method."""
            calls.append((platform, info))

        discovery.listen_platform(self.hass, 'test_component',
                                  platform_callback)

        discovery.load_platform(self.hass, 'test_component', 'test_platform',
                                'discovery info')
        self.hass.block_till_done()
        assert mock_setup_component.called
        assert mock_setup_component.call_args[0] == \
            (self.hass, 'test_component', None)
        self.hass.block_till_done()

        discovery.load_platform(self.hass, 'test_component_2', 'test_platform',
                                'discovery info')
        self.hass.block_till_done()

        assert len(calls) == 1
        assert calls[0] == ('test_platform', 'discovery info')

        self.hass.bus.fire(discovery.EVENT_PLATFORM_DISCOVERED, {
            discovery.ATTR_SERVICE:
            discovery.EVENT_LOAD_PLATFORM.format('test_component')
        })
        self.hass.block_till_done()

        assert len(calls) == 1

    def test_circular_import(self):
        """Test we don't break doing circular import.

        This test will have test_component discover the switch.test_circular
        component while setting up.

        The supplied config will load test_component and will load
        switch.test_circular.

        That means that after startup, we will have test_component and switch
        setup. The test_circular platform has been loaded twice.
        """
        component_calls = []
        platform_calls = []

        def component_setup(hass, config):
            """Setup mock component."""
            discovery.load_platform(hass, 'switch', 'test_circular', 'disc',
                                    config)
            component_calls.append(1)
            return True

        def setup_platform(hass, config, add_devices_callback,
                           discovery_info=None):
            """Setup mock platform."""
            platform_calls.append('disc' if discovery_info else 'component')

        loader.set_component(
            'test_component',
            MockModule('test_component', setup=component_setup))

        loader.set_component(
            'switch.test_circular',
            MockPlatform(setup_platform,
                         dependencies=['test_component']))

        bootstrap.setup_component(self.hass, 'test_component', {
            'test_component': None,
            'switch': [{
                'platform': 'test_circular',
            }],
        })

        # We wait for the setup_lock to finish
        run_coroutine_threadsafe(
            self.hass.data['setup_lock'].acquire(), self.hass.loop).result()

        self.hass.block_till_done()

        # test_component will only be setup once
        assert len(component_calls) == 1
        # The platform will be setup once via the config in `setup_component`
        # and once via the discovery inside test_component.
        assert len(platform_calls) == 2
        assert 'test_component' in self.hass.config.components
        assert 'switch' in self.hass.config.components

    @patch('homeassistant.bootstrap.async_register_signal_handling')
    def test_1st_discovers_2nd_component(self, mock_signal):
        """Test that we don't break if one component discovers the other.

        If the first component fires a discovery event to setup the
        second component while the second component is about to be setup,
        it should not setup the second component twice.
        """
        component_calls = []

        def component1_setup(hass, config):
            """Setup mock component."""
            discovery.discover(hass, 'test_component2',
                               component='test_component2')
            return True

        def component2_setup(hass, config):
            """Setup mock component."""
            component_calls.append(1)
            return True

        loader.set_component(
            'test_component1',
            MockModule('test_component1', setup=component1_setup))

        loader.set_component(
            'test_component2',
            MockModule('test_component2', setup=component2_setup))

        config = OrderedDict()
        config['test_component1'] = {}
        config['test_component2'] = {}

        self.hass.loop.run_until_complete = \
            lambda _: self.hass.block_till_done()

        bootstrap.from_config_dict(config, self.hass)

        self.hass.block_till_done()

        # test_component will only be setup once
        assert len(component_calls) == 1


If the skin around your stoma (peristomal skin) becomes damaged, it could be painful and lead to infection. It also becomes more difficult for the skin barrier of your pouching system to adhere to your skin. Prevention is the key to maintaining both healthy peristomal skin and your comfort.
When you apply the skin barrier of your pouching system, it's important to make sure your peristomal skin is healthy and dry. This will ensure the pouch stays in place between changes.
For two-piece systems, special moldable skin barriers designed to hug the contours of your stoma and eliminate gaps provide a snug fit that may help minimize peristomal skin problems.


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Childs take chair at NYBBGB
by The Brass Herald on February 15, 2011
The Council of The National Youth Brass Band of Great Britain is delighted to announce that it has appointed Dr Robert Childs as its new Chairman. Robert replaces John Gillam, who had been Chairman of the NYBBGB since 1999 and during his tenure has overseen great change and development within the organisation. The Council wish to place on record its sincere thanks and gratitude to John for his substantial input and work over this period. John remains a Councillor and Trustee of the NYBBGB.
Robert brings to the Chair of the NYBBGB a wealth of expertise, skill and talent, being the Professional Conductor The Cory Band, former Music Director of the National Youth Brass Band of Wales and one of the leading brass instrumentalists in the world. He is steeped in the history and traditions of the National Youth Brass Band of Great Britain, having been a Band member in the 1970s as well as Music Tutor and Councillor since 1984, and more recently has appeared with the Band as Guest Soloist and Conductor.
Robert's wife Lorraine is also involved with the NYBBGB, and both their children David and Lisa are former members.
Robert said of the appointment:
I am honoured to be the new Chairman of the NYBBGB and I will do my best to look after the Band's interests. The NYBBGB has given me so much pleasure over a long period of time and I believe my early years in the Band significantly influenced the musician I am today. Becoming the Chairman gives me the opportunity to give a little back to the organisation and I am really looking forward to the challenges ahead.
Bramwell Tovey, the NYBBGB's Artistic Director commented:
Robert Childs' lifelong association with the NYBBGB, combined with his wealth of professional experience as a player and conductor brings an exciting new perspective to the band. Bob's journey from the 2ndbaritone bench to chairman means he is familiar with every stage of development in the organization. I am delighted he has found the time in his busy schedule to lead the organization and look forward to many years of working with him and the council, whose wisdom and guidance lies at the core of the band's success.
Philip Biggs remarked:
The NYBBGB is delighted that Robert is its new Chairman. The Council unanimously voted Robert into the position and this wonderful organisation looks forward to the future with a great deal of confidence with Robert as Chairman.
Robert takes up the appointment as Chairman of The National Youth Brass Band of Great Britain with immediate effect.
The Brass Herald keeps me informed with news about my friends and colleagues in the Symphonic and Jazz fields. There's also plenty of up to...
Adrian Morris
The Hallé Orchestra
The Brass Herald is the only magazine for professional and amateur brass players. Informative, well written articles covering contests, festivals, biographies, tuition, history, the latest...
The Brass Herald is a beautiful magazine, with it's glossy cover and great articles about various players and happenings in the brass world.
Barbara Prugh
trumpetsinger.com


Roger chose this piece to take home after his visit.
I like it. Good choice, Roger.
John shoots it at 1:00AM in the morning by the light of an incandescent lamp. The colors are way off and believe me; this photo doesn't do it justice. It's cool but the original is really beautiful. I just hope my wife will let me hang it in the house 'cause it gets very cold and very hot in the garage where she sends me when I buy things she doesn't approve of.
Thanks John for the opportunity to own one of your paintings. Keep evolving and come out of the dark and do more things with light and color and Donald Trump stuff (or is that Trump L'Oiel?) Whatever.
You betcha. I have to admit, shadowy compositions with subtle figures probably have a "negative"effect, but I like investigating the murky side of "beautiful mysteries".
I'm sure I'll make new discoveries as I traipse along this very odd trail.
This page contains a single entry from the blog posted on April 18, 2008 1:40 AM.
The previous post in this blog was Small Gig.
The next post in this blog is Roger Gets Faced.


Parents Feeling Guilty About Putting Their Children into Child Care.
It is very wide spread for parents to feel guilty about putting their children into pre-school care. I had 3 parents in one day talk with me about this very feeling. This blog post centres around the discussions with those parents.
First of all I want to state that it is very common and absolutely normal for parents to feel guilty about sending their children into care. They do however not need to feel guilty and hopefully after reading this article parents will feel encouraged rather than discouraged about the education and care of their children. My own children Isabella (8) and Felix (5) go into after school care most days and I must admit I also get a tinge of guilt on the odd occasion too.
The pull on the heartstrings is difficult for a parent when considering for the first time to put their children into care. Back in the days when I was a kid the only real options were part time kindergarten for the year before school as Mums stayed home a bit more than the mums of today. The other option was staying home with mum.
These days the normal family dynamics and responsibilities are slightly different. Many families the single parent or both parents are working full time. Pre-school children are in care more. School aged children attend before and after school care also more regularly. The demand on parents is arguably more today than ever.
One parent I was talking with was considering putting their children into care but really felt they were giving over the parenting job to some stranger and was feeling like a failure as a parent. Her mother was also giving her a bit of a hard time on the matter too. "Back in my day we didn't need child care" Sound familiar? This is very common experience with many parents.
Another parent in a similar situation did not really see the value of child care. Because they were being mum at home, and it was free why put their child into child care. She also had the same guilty feeling.
The 3rd parents I was speaking with was as slightly different story. We had there darling little daughter in our care for 4 days per week. Mum was thinking of reducing the days because she felt guilty about having her daughter in for so many days.
"Why should parents not feel guilty?" I here you ask.
The best way to look at child care and early learning development is that is not a replacement for what children can receive in that family unit at home but rather compliments the learning and development of all children.
The family is the first learning environment and mum and dad are the first teachers. The children learn about love, acceptance, family values and much more.
If you think of a child care centre or and early learning centre such as Parkside Early Learning Centre our primary purpose is to prepare children for a successful transition to school. The environment that we provide in an early learning centre you cannot reproduce at home nor in a small home based child care environment. As the children get older the classroom environments need to become closer to that of what the children will find in school. The ideal is to have the children in care for as much of the week as possible, with the same children over a long period of time.
Children are in school for 5 days per week so to enable a transition that is not overwhelming for the children it is advisable to have them attending a similar frequency. They learn consistency, routine and know what to expect when they come in each day.
Having the same children in their class helps them build long term relationships and helps them deal with the ups and downs of long term relationships. It develops their social skills which is one of the main areas where the children are behind where they should be when they start school.
Being in large groups similar to school is also important. Children are going to be presented with many situations and how to deal with them. How the children deal with these situations emotionally can be tested and developed more.
I know when my two children have a disagreement or are not behaving in a way that I would expect and I can tend to jump in too soon and solve the problem for them. This does nothing to aide in their development and takes away a great learning opportunities. I am doing it less now but are still guilty of jumping in too soon from time to time but I'm working on it.
One example I saw recently was when a child had a toy and then another child simply came over and took the toy away. The child was naturally upset and there were even a few tears. These types of situations you actually want to happen so the learning and the lessons can begin. The child who had the toy taken is learning to deal with their emotions and control them. With the help of a teacher they can assist the child regulate their emotions and instead of focusing on the loss of the toy we can focus on how we can solve the problem at hand in getting the toy back. Through the problem solving process the child learns the toy will come back. The child will be much better prepared when a similar situation happens again. There is also a great learning opportunity from the child who took the toy.
In larger groups there will be many of these experiences the children can learn from. When each situation occurs, with guidance and mentoring from a teacher, the child grows more and more mature. The child develops a resilience that will aide them greatly once they hit school to hand many difficult and emotional situations.
To have more discussions like this jump on to our facebook page and share some of your own experiences and thoughts.


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Home Computing Online Multi-Player Games Are Boosting Social Skills
Melanie Chenoweth
Even though video games are often portrayed as a solitary activity, recent studies conducted on online multi-player games suggest that this may be no more than a misinformed opinion. In 2015, a study indicated that roughly 83% of teenagers played video games with others rather than along. What's more, a staggering total of 75% of teenagers played video games online, suggesting that gaming is definitely not a solitary activity. Another notable point from the very same study indicated that a large percentage of teenagers played video games online with individuals who they would not consider their friends outside of gameplay. This means that gaming may, in fact, be a whole new method of socializing.
Modern Socializing
While older generations may shun the mere thought that socializing could take place over internet platforms and gaming realms, the statistics prove that the digital era has been consuming and innovating most aspects of our daily lives, and how we socialize is one of them. While non-gamers may also question the theory than gamers are creating social relationships during gameplay, social media platforms, and dating sites also confirm the possibility that socializing in today's day and age is incomparable to years gone by. League of Legends, Minecraft, and World of WarCraft are among some of the most popular games in the world that meet the criteria for modern socializing by encouraging players to communicate during gameplay. However, considering just how many people play League of Legends, traditional socializing may soon become a thing of the past.
Joining The Gaming Revolution
Getting involved in the gaming revolution and taking advantage of the thrilling new method of socializing while also aiding stress relief and improving certain mental functions, such as memory and problem-solving, is a great idea. However, it would be wise to invest in the necessary equipment to ensure you are able to get the best experience. Mobile gaming may be a great way to start out, although, when considering just how competitive most games are, it would be wise to eventually settle on either a great PC gaming setup or purchase a suitable console that offers fantastic features. Specifically, League of Legends is a huge community. Some players got started by watching pro players streaming their games and later tried it out for themselves. Casual players can also stream to try out new tactical moves. There are many forums where gamers can discuss things like the new patch or the updated metagame. There are even LoL coaches who have podcasts about LoL. All this and more makes for a close-knit community of like-minded gamers who are loyal to the game and feel at home within the community.
Getting involved in a new passed time does not mean you will have to play competitively as gaming provides suitable options for everyone. When opting for League of Legends, the six-tiered ranking system allows players to progress throughout the rank when they have attained a required ratio of wins to losses. While they are working on this, they remain within that rank, which determines their skill level. For leisure gamers, there is the option to just play without partaking in the ranking system. These gamers prefer to just have a good time and enjoy the company of the community.
Online multiplayer games
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text:
Honorable Charles E. Poston (Ret.) Joins The McCammon Group
The Honorable Charles E. Poston, retired Judge of the Norfolk Circuit Court, has joined The McCammon Group, a leading provider of mediation, arbitration, judge pro tempore, and special master services in the mid-Atlantic region.
After more than twenty-five years of distinguished judicial service, Judge Poston has recently retired. Judge Poston served the Norfolk Circuit Court with distinction for twenty years, including three years as Chief Judge. Prior to that appointment, he served in the Norfolk Juvenile and Domestic Relations District Court for six years, including four years as Chief Judge. Judge Poston was the Presiding Judge for Virginia's first Mental Health Court and is a former member of the Boyd-Graves Conference. Before his judicial service, Judge Poston enjoyed a successful career in private practice in Hampton Roads. He also served in the United States Army Reserve, rising to the rank of Lieutenant-Colonel in the Infantry. Judge Poston now brings his distinguished record of accomplishment to The McCammon Group to serve the mediation, arbitration, judge pro tempore, and special master needs of lawyers and litigants throughout the Commonwealth and beyond.
Since 1995, The McCammon Group has provided alternative dispute resolution (ADR) services including mediation, arbitration, neutral evaluation, special master, judge pro tempore, med/arb, neutral evaluation, hearing officer, fact finder, and conciliation; as well as related facilitation, training, and consulting services. It consists of seventy-three Neutrals including retired judges and practicing attorneys located throughout Washington, D.C., Maryland, and Virginia. Importantly, throughout this time The McCammon Group has achieved a settlement rate of approximately 85% in its mediation work. The McCammon Group is committed to the proposition that ADR processes provide individuals, as well as public and private entities, with many substantial benefits including effective and prompt resolution of disputes, self-determination, cost savings, timeliness, flexibility, and confidentiality.


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Vendors will gather together and provide many hard to find and wonderfully displayable collectables worth bragging about to your friends. Gather everyone you know for this one since it will be a doozy!
Entry prices are $4 Adults, 12 and under are free.
Venetian Carnival Mask Maker Mary, of Mary's Monstrosities, talks about her horror masks. We talk about the mask process, her approach to cosplay, 80s movies and Krampus. I, even, make fun of myself too.


RJ Williams is on a mission to conquer Hollywood, one fun celebrity interview at a time. From face time with some of the biggest names in Hollywood to championing up and coming talent that will be the next big thing, the Young Hollywood team works around the clock.
In order to create a celeb friendly environment—and actually get those celebs to show up—Young Hollywood has set up their studio in a suite at the Four Seasons Los Angeles in Beverly Hills. Williams is so dedicated to the success of Young Hollywood, he has moved into the hotel to keep his focus zeroed in on the day to day workload it takes to make the Young Hollywood world happen. He does takes a few breaks to head downstairs to modern Italian restaurant Culina. A man's got to eat.
With more than 3 million unique visitors last month Young Hollywood is well on its way to establishing this mark on the entertainment landscape. Their co-branded programming with Yahoo, Hulu, TV Guide, MySpace and now even live streaming content on YouTube as part of the site's live alpha product test this week. Their YouTube channel already boasts over 48 million views.
Yesterday Tubefilter visited the Young Hollywood set, to see this TV studio in a hotel suite for ourselves. We sat down with Williams just after he had interviewed the cast of The Jersey Shore a segment with Snookie, The Situation and the gang that was live streamed to YouTube. The cast then celebrated their good work by ordering chicken fingers and fries from room service.
We sat down on the white leather sofa to learn more about the place where everyone from Lady Gaga to Justin Bieber have stopped by for a chat. We asked Williams if if all of the investment in Young Hollywood was to one day aiming to develop the format for network or cable TV. Williams is clear that the company will continue to focus their efforts on the digital world. Their recent live streams on YouTube included interviews with Tony Hawk, Dane Cook, Steve O (see above) and the orangest cast on TV those loveable GTL kids from The Jersey Shore.
Williams and his team are learning quickly that producing live streaming shows are challenging. On Monday Tony Hawk got caught in traffic and was surprised that when he knocked on the door of Young Hollywood's hotel suite that were already live. Viewers got to see Williams tell Hawk they were live and prep his with his mic and mark all in plain view. With each live broadcast the team learns strategies for improving every aspect of working live.
So what constitutes young for Young Hollywood? Are 28 year olds over-the-hill? Williams says that it's not about age it's about attitude and that he would love to interview Betty White. And who is the next big thing? According to Williams, get ready for the all boy singing dancing phenoms, Mindless Behavior. Also on the horizon Young Hollywood will experience their first awards show season. With their set up at the Four Seasons they will be at the apex of all the action during the awards show hoopla. For RJ Williams that is just where he wants to be.


Bonanza also presents an marketing service inside the platform at an more cost. It sources paintings and sculptures of artists of the likes of M.F.Hussain, and even Amrita Shergil, all stalwarts of Indian art. Below are web sites where all kinds of makers can sell, market, and uncover new properties for their handmade goods.


text:
Q: Potential and possible damage of executed Windows Applications through Wine environment in Linux? Related to this recent Question: Can a Windows virus transfer to Ubuntu? and JFA's comment,  which is not only an interesting, but also a valid one:

Can you also get a Windows virus by running an infected .exe in Wine?

I was wondering the same. Also, how great is the possibility of potential damage, due to execution of malicious code within the executable, while running under Wine? (I guess that most Linux users who also use wine and alike don't use antivirus protection, but still come across this problem, unnoticed.)

A: This is doesn't address the full scope but could be helpful to have in mind.
Anti-virus software are useful to analyze files. For instance, under GNU/Linux you can use it previous execution of the executable file.
For this task there are several websites that analyze local and online files and one of the most popular desktop software is ClamAV.


for $254,900 with 4 bedrooms and 2 full baths. This 1,570 square foot home was built in 1960 on a lot size of 0.2740 Acre(s).
Amazing find on Young's Lake only minutes from downtown Big Rapids. Original cottage has 1 bedroom, laundry room, kitchen and living room and huge addition features a family room with awesome views of the lake, main floor master with bath and large walk in closet and 2 more bedrooms upstairs. Full, walkout unfinished basement and a 2 car garage. Has 66' of sandy beach frontage.