text:
PROJECT ONEIRIC
March 13, 2014 by Tomasz Nowicki
It all started with a simple idea. Late one night, well settled into an inebriated state; Josh Eskridge, Antonio Pantoja, Steve Squall and myself came forward with an idea to create one of the biggest collaborations the city of Louisville had ever seen. I remember seeing a "Framed Show" with fashion & conceptual photographers Brooke Shaden and Lindsay Adler. They had both chose the word "Entrapment" and using that word they had to create a photograph. I mentioned the project that evening to Josh, Antonio and Steve and they seemed very into the idea. But, I didn't want it to be just another collaboration, I wanted everything to be on a grandiose scale which involved regional competitors as well as peers.
Unfortunately, there is some small town drama here in the great city of Louisville, KY. We prepared ourselves to deal with the waves that this project may create, but with that strong support system and creative backbone we also were confident our project would sail far and wide. With the concept in place, it simply came down to the collaborators involved. We mulled for weeks and weeks, It had to be the right people with the right social structure who could not only being their "A-Game" but also maintain professionalism under any odds. It was not easy by any means. Many were considered.
Fast forward two months, time was ticking, and The Kentucky Derby was fast approaching, we knew it was now or never to execute. I formed a Facebook group with the four "Board Of Directors" and the "casting" process began to take shape. We followed a few simple guidelines and selected the collaborators: 20 creative talents consisting of published photographers, makeup artists, stylists and hair stylists from all over the region.
Photography: Clay Cook, Steve Squall, Josh Eskridge, Antonio Pantoja, Joey Goldsmith, Cristian Caballero, Heather Rous, Tyler Zoller
Makeup: Isidro Valencia, Micah Severo Ruelas, Casey Ritchie, Rick Bancroft
Hair: Matthew Tyldesley, Raina Trimble, Dylan Kremer, Liz Lane
Styling: Gunnar Deatherage, Chris Caswell, Megan Wilde, Maui Crane
We had to play right and had to play fair. Each photographer would share a team of a stylist, makeup artist and hair stylist. In other words, we had 4 stylists, 4 makeup artists and 4 hair stylists who would collaborate with two photographers each. The teams were drawn at complete random. Each photographer was then responsible to bring on a model and an assistant or two.
The team selection process was actually quite nerve racking for me. I was among some amazing talent and would honestly be happy with anyone, but I also had collaborators I had worked with previously whom I had a great relationship with. My friend Chris Miske selected names one by one out of containers and the teams were locked in. Energy was high, I could see magic form right before my eyes and I was stoked to be on the front lines of it all.
My team was drawn last and included creative director and stylist Chris Caswell, makeup artist Micah Severo Ruelas and hair stylist Matthew Tyldesley. A rush of relief came over me, I had a dream team. I had worked with all of these talented gentleman many times and was more than confident create an amazing composition.
Once all the teams had been selected, every collaborator had to submit a word of interest. A word that could potentially tuned into a photograph.Once all twenty words we're submitted, they we're voted on and the word with the most votes would be the project word and title.
I spent nearly two hours scouring through an online dictionary and thesaurus, looking for the right word. I had almost fallen asleep at my desk when I came across the word "oneiric" meaning "dreams." I was enthralled with the pronunciation and meaning of the word. I immediately submitted the word to the group, but I was in good company with some very deep and interesting words. I voted for Megan Wilde's submission of "purge." But, to my surprise "oneiric" came out to be the winner!
While the teams ventured off into their own Facebook groups and messages, the work had only begun for me. I needed to find a location to host the shoot. Since we were guaranteed 30+ people on set and the temperature outside was below freezing we needed a massive location, with heat. I made dozens of calls and even got the Mayor's office involved. I could fill a blog with all the details of the location debacle, but I'll spare you.
We got lucky.
With only a week left until the shoot my friends over at The Icehouse agreed to host the shoot. Meetings were set and I took a quick tour of the location. This whole time I had ignored my concept, trying to make the shoot work with the date we had chosen. But once I had The Icehouse locked, I immediately drew up plans for my project photograph; In stark contrast to my usual commercial and fashion editorial work, I wanted to re-visit my aphotic graphic design roots and show the word "oneiric" with a sense of nightmarish gloom. A personalized portrait and an exploratory glint into my own worst fears. I wanted dark, I wanted different, I wanted my own nightmare.
My first fear; although I'm a good swimmer and like water, I've always had a fascination of drowning and the process of your final moments in water. One of my favorite films of all time is The Abyss, because they explore the subject of water so intimately. Also, the fear of falling; I'm not afraid of heights by any means, but I'm more enthralled with the subject of falling to one's death. The image of "The Falling Man" although controversial is one of the most fascinating images to ever be captured. And finally, snakes. Like Indiana Jones, the thought of snakes slithering over me in my dreams is haunting. When I do see snakes in a real life situation, I don't necessarily scream at the top of my lungs, but a cold chill runs up my back. With that said, my vision was to show a woman floating over a water well with the look of falling, but the "mirage" of floating if you will. And, for the added touch snakes would be slowly moving towards the well.
After a few phone conversations, the vision was locked in and it was time for execution. I had worked with Rebecca Bussey on only two occasions and loved her "doll-esque" look. As I wanted the woman to resemble some form of nightmare or death, Rebecca's pale look was perfect. The guidelines we set in place stated we had to use one piece of the location. My idea was to use the broken concrete on the 4th floor and combine that with a well, water and floating model. The model would be shot from directly above on a green screen for easy post-masking. I started the shoot by rigging my camera on a large boom and raising it 16 feet at 35mm. Then, using the CamRanger, I fired all the shots remotely. I did this process for the broken concrete and shooting the model.
Sunday, February 16th; It was creative chaos, the best kind of chaos. Nearly 40 people were on set and the energy was exploding through the roof. I was interviewed by a local news station WDRB and a photojournalism class even made it out to the set. I could go on and on about the logistics, but let's just say it was a success. My concept went off without a hitch and by the end of it, I was exhausted, but very happy with the results. We ended the night with some sushi and sake, a lot of sake.
Saturday March 1st; Right after the shoot, we locked in a date for the release party. Once again, Derek at The Icehouse stepped up and agreed to host the event. It was one of the most insane weeks of my life. I was not only doing editorial work for clients, but also planning production and promotion for the "Project Oneiric" event, I hadn't even touched my image yet. Luckily, everything went smooth as silk and people stepped up to help. The Sunday before the scheduled release, I crammed in a editing session with my contract editor and roommate Chris Miske. In just under 10 hours I had the image composited and complete. The next day the image was sent off to print. I decided to forgo the frame and have a simple thin-wrap metallic print that was light and could easily mount.
The day of the release party was stressful, but having a history in show production, it was just another rodeo. Hanging the prints was a challenge, the projector was having issues, the photo booth wasn't cooperating and the band was have soundcheck issues. But, when showtime came, I was floored with the attendance. Over 300 artists, designers, competitors, friends and family joined to celebrate the project collaboration and network with others. For me, It was never necessarily about the collaboration or photography; it was about the event itself. The project was simply a catalyst to bringing the Louisville/Lexington creative community together for one evening of networking, music, fashion and fun. It truly meant the world to me to have such talent in the same room and the resulting images were just outstanding, it was an honor to be displayed among such art. All images are being shared here: Glass Label
We all worked very hard to make "Project Oneiric" a success and there are several people we'd like to personally thank for that; Derrick Pedolzky of Oak Street Productions, Derek Steinbrecher of Crushed Ice Events, Joey Wagner, A Lion Named Roar, Andrew Kim, Justin Gustavision of Nadus Films, NFocus Louisville, WDRB and The Courier-Journal. Without the support of these people and businesses this event would not have happened. It was a grand success and by far our best Glass Label Industry Affair to date.
March 13, 2014 /Tomasz Nowicki
icehouse, oneiric, projectoneiric, collaboration, louisville, creative, winning, claycookphoto, clay cook photography


text:
Newsroom MENU
- Prev Article Princeton Review names Wagner as one of America's best colleges - Next Article
August 31, 2021 Share
Princeton Review's Best 387 Colleges guide
Wagner College was named one of America's best in the 30th edition of Princeton Review's annual best colleges guide, released today.
The Princeton Review's Best 387 Colleges for 2022 singled out the Wagner College Theatre program for special praise, including it on the list of Great College Theaters.
"I'm proud of the place Wagner College has earned in national rankings like the Princeton Review's Best Colleges guide," said President Joel W. Martin. "It's a reminder of the extraordinary work of our faculty, the heartfelt support of our staff and the dedication of our students to excellence. Together, we form a learning community defined by interpersonal warmth and a collective mindset focused on growth."
Only about 14% of America's 2,700 four-year colleges are profiled in the Best Colleges book, which is one of Princeton Review's most popular publications. The company chooses the colleges for the book based on data it collects each year from administrators at hundreds of colleges about their institutions' academic offerings. Princeton Review also considers data it gathers from its surveys of students at the colleges, who rate and report on various aspects of their campus and community experiences.
"We salute Wagner College for its outstanding academics, and we are genuinely pleased to recommend it to prospective applicants searching for their 'best-fit' college," says Rob Franek, Princeton Review's editor-in-chief and lead author of the Best 387 Colleges guide.
WCT among nation's 'Great College Theaters'
In a normal year, the Princeton Review Best Colleges guide surveys more than 140,000 college students nationwide to find out how they feel about various aspects of their own schools. This year, however, was anything but a normal year — so Princeton Review decided that, rather than try to conduct its student survey, it would create a set of "great lists" reflecting student responses over the entire 30 years of the Best Colleges guide's publication.
The appearance of the Wagner College Theatre program on the Great College Theater list in this 30th edition of the guide reflects the WCT's longstanding recognition by Princeton Review, which has ranked the program among the top five collegiate theater programs in the United States since 2004.
"Wagner College Theatre's inclusion on the Princeton Review's Great College Theater list — alongside such revered schools as Yale, Brown and Carnegie Mellon — is a source of great pride for all of us, parents and patrons included," said Felicia Ruff, chair of the Wagner College Theatre program.
"Our inclusion among the top five Best College Theaters on this list for the last 17 years is truly a tribute to the community of artists who choose our little school on the hill and go on to professional careers.
"Faculty, staff, guest artists, alumni and students in our program defy the odds, year after year, by putting on high-quality productions that continue to draw accolades," Ruff said. "We hope we can continue to be a Great College Theater for decades to come."
Joel Martin
Felicia Ruff
Professor, Performing Arts
Homepage Feature
Theatre & Speech Department News
Wagner News
Fall 2022 Dean's List
Nursing completion ceremonies, photos & video
Welcome, Dean Ivanic!
January 25, 2023 Fall 2022 Dean's List Wagner College announces undergraduate honor rolls for fall 2022 semester
December 20, 2022 Nursing completion ceremonies, photos & video Here are the videos, and links to the still photos, from the Evelyn L. Spiro School of Nursing completion ceremonies in December 2022
November 22, 2022 New exhibition by Gina Fuentes Walker 'On Thought & Process' runs in the Wagner College Gallery thru Feb. 3; gallery reception Dec. 13
November 16, 2022 2022 Faculty Awards Dinner Congratulations to all the award winners, and to those celebrating career milestones, who were recognized at the 2022 Faculty Awards Dinner, held Tuesday evening, Nov. 15, in the Faculty Dining Room.
November 14, 2022 WCT's 'Gentleman's Guide,' Dec. 1-4 'A Gentleman's Guide to Love & Murder,' a 2013 Broadway hit, plays this weekend in the Main Hall auditorium
November 11, 2022 $25K grant funds micro-internship program Nicolais School of Business secures support from KPMG U.S. Foundation for training partnership between students and local businesses, nonprofits
November 1, 2022 Araimo listed among Staten Island Power 100 City & State N.Y. releases 2022 list of local political royalty and VIPs
October 28, 2022 Wagner students take winning stand For third year in a row, Wagner students win national competition for policy letters to elected officials
October 28, 2022 Hurricane Sandy: A look back Seven years ago — on Monday, Oct. 29, 2012 — we were all battening down the hatches in preparation for Hurricane Sandy. See a slideshow of campus damage & recovery, and watch the video of our prep meeting just before the storm hit.
Stories from alumni around the world.
Media relations director Lee Manchester
lee.manchester@wagner.edu
Wagner in the media
Wagner College 2019 news coverage

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
The Juggling Act
Kids and Family Kidspot Tell Us
By Kidspot. Discovered by Player FM and our community — copyright is owned by the publisher, not Player FM, and audio is streamed directly from their servers. Hit the Subscribe button to track updates in Player FM, or paste the feed URL into other podcast apps.
The Juggling Act « »
Incredible true story and mother behind the film 'Lion'
When I watched the totally heartbreaking Oscar-nominated film 'Lion' starring Nicole Kidman four years ago, my daughter was four. As a mum with a child pretty much the same age, my heart shattered into a million pieces as I watched 5-year-old Saroo go missing. I just couldn't imagine how my child would survive, so tiny and all alone on the streets of India. I also couldn't imagine not seeing her again. But this story has a happy ending and an incredible woman behind it. Sue Brierley was living in Tasmania at the time and adopted Saroo a few months after he went missing. Sue has now written a book called 'Lioness' about her tragic upbringing and what it's like to have Nicole Kidman play you on film!
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The Focus Marriage Podcast features relatable advice on healthy marriage with stories from guest speakers that encourage every couple to build a deeper connection.
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Exploring stories of science discovery. Tumble is a science podcast created to be enjoyed by the entire family. Hosted & produced by Lindsay Patterson (science journalist) & Marshall Escamilla (teacher). Visit www.tumblepodcast.com for more information and educational content.
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Respectful Parenting: Janet Lansbury Unruffled
Each episode addresses a reader's parenting issue through the lens of Janet's respectful parenting philosophy. Janet is a respected parenting adviser, author, and consultant whose website (JanetLansbury.com) is visited by millions of readers annually. Her work informs, inspires, and supports caregivers of infants and toddlers across the globe, helping to create relationships of respect, trust, and love. Her best-selling books "No Bad Kids: Toddler Discipline without Shame" and "Elevating Chi ...
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text:
The Blue Inmates
Royal Cultural Center
75 min | Lebanon | 2021
The film follows inmates in Roumieh Prison (Lebanon) who produced a theater play inside prison about their fellow inmates suffering from mental illness. Unfortunately the Lebanese Penal Code, enacted in 1943, stipulates that "Insane", "Mad" or "Possessed" offenders shall be incarcerated until evidence of "being cured", however mental illness is managed and never cured... Therefore, mentally ill offenders are practically receiving a life sentence and without any psychological or medical care.
Director: Zeina Daccache
Zeina Daccache is a Lebanese actress, theater & film director, clinical psychologist & drama therapist. She is the founder and Executive Director of the first Arab Center for Drama Therapy: Catharsis and works as drama therapist in different settings (prisons, refugee camps, etc.). She produced the pioneer theater production and film "12 Angry Lebanese", the play "Scheherazade in Baabda" and the documentary "The Blue Inmates" conveying the voice of mentally ill offenders, accompanied by a draft law presented to the Lebanese Parliament.
Writers: Zeina Daccache | Producers: Zeina Daccache | Editing: Miriam Geagea | DOP: Karim Ghorayeb | Sound: Raëd Younan | Music: Andrea Salvadori | Language: Arabic | Subtitles: English


text:
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <sys/un.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include "addon.h"

#define DECL_GLOBALS
#include "common.h"
#undef  DECL_GLOBALS

#undef WAIT_TIME_MAX
#define WAIT_TIME_MAX 5

FILE *err_fp;

static void
connect_error (int sig)
{
  fprintf (err_fp, "%s:Cannot communicate with terminal emulator.\n",
      result_code[UNRESOLVED]);
  exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
}

/*
 * Make a file descriptor of socket.
 * This socket is used for connecting memterm.
 */
int
sock_client (char *messege, size_t message_len)
{
  int  sockfd;
  int  len;
  int  result;
  char buf[BUFSIZ], *env_p;
  struct sockaddr_un address;

  /* Make a file to store an error message. */
  env_p = getenv(PROG_DUMPFILE_ENV);
  if (env_p != NULL)
    {
      if ((err_fp = fopen (env_p, "w")) == NULL)
    err_fp = stderr;
    }
  else
    err_fp = stderr;

  /* Get a filename of socket. */
  env_p = getenv(SOCK_FNAME_ENV);
  if (env_p == NULL)
    {
      fprintf (err_fp, "%s:The `%s' variable is not defined.\n",
      result_code[UNRESOLVED], SOCK_FNAME_ENV);
      if (err_fp != stderr)
    fclose (err_fp);
      return -1;
    }

  if (signal (SIGALRM, connect_error) == SIG_ERR)
    {
      fprintf (err_fp, "%s:Cannot use the signal `SIGALRM'.\n",
      result_code[UNRESOLVED]);
      exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
    }

  sockfd = socket (AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
  address.sun_family = AF_UNIX;

  strcpy (address.sun_path, env_p);
  len = sizeof (address);

  /* Set alarm. */
  alarm (WAIT_TIME_MAX);

  while (connect (sockfd, (struct sockaddr *)&address, len) == -1);

  result = write (sockfd, messege, message_len);
  if (result == -1 || result != message_len)
    {
      fprintf (err_fp, "%s:Cannot write a message into the socket.\n",
      result_code[UNRESOLVED]);
      exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
    }

  result = read (sockfd, buf, BUFSIZ);
  if (result == -1 || buf[0] != ACK_INDICATION)
    {
      fprintf (err_fp, "%s:No reply from the memterm.\n",
      result_code[UNRESOLVED]);
      exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
    }

  /* Unset alarm. */
  alarm (0);

  close (sockfd);
  if (err_fp != stderr)
    fclose (err_fp);
  return 0;
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Translate the following and write your answers in the comment box below.
Her family lives in Chennai.
Her dog's name is Moti.
Her brother's name is Joker.
Well done Ramesh. 80% of your answers are correct and others require minor corrections.Please go through 1st two lessons to identify your mistakes.
1.My name is Ankit. – माझे नाव अंकित आहे.
2.I live in Pune. – मी पुण्येला राहतो.
3.Sulabh in my friend. – सुलभ माझा मित्र आहे.
4.He lives in Bangalore. – तो बंगालोर ला राहतो.
5.Surabhi is my friend. – सुरभी माझी मित्र आहे.
6.She lives in Kolkata. – ती कोलकाता ला राहते.
7.Her family lives in Chennai. – तिचे परिवार चेन्नई ला राहतात.
8.Her dog's name is Moti. – तिचा कुत्राचे नाव मोती आहे.
9.Her brother's name is Joker. – तिचा भाऊचे नाव जोकर आहे.
10.Joker lives in Delhi. – जोकर दिल्ली ला राहतो.
11.He is very happy. – तो खूप खुश आहे.
A. maza naav ankit aahe.
A. sulabh maza mitra aahe.
A. Surabhi mazi matrin aahe.
A. tiche kutumb chennaila rahtat.
A. tichya kutrach naav moti aahe.
A. Tichya bhavach naav joker aahe.
A. to khup aanandi aahe.
Her dog's name is Moti – Thyachi kuthe naav Moti aahi.
He is very happy ( khup khush) – Tho khup khush aahe.
तिचा कटुंब चेनइला राहतो। (Is family a singular word like in English? You say family lives, instead of family live. Is this the same in Marathi (Do you also by the way know what about Hindi), so raahato instead of raahatet.
By the way this site Is really great. I have been doing the first lessons on my, ours etc. And this is really good.
Thanks a lot for this man. I like it really much.
तेजा कुत्राचा नाव मोती आहे.
तेजा भावाचा नाव जोकर आहे.
7.Her family lives in Chennai.
8.Her dog's name is Moti.
9.Her brother's name is Joker.


text:
Q: Can i use 2 different firebase project with the same package name? I have a project available in cloud.developer.com. I realized that i didn't migrated this project to Firebase.
I have accidentally created a new Firebase project one year ago, and used this in production.
Now, i realized some of third party libraries(for using analytics) use the google project number of the project which is available in cloud.developer.com. Thus i MUST now migrate my application available in cloud.developer.com to Firebase. I migrated it. So there are 2 Firebase projects which has the same package name in my account. I cannot delete neither of them because both of them is used in prod. I used google-services.json of the firebase project which i migrated from cloud.developer.com however Firebase integration is unsuccesfull.
Is there a restriction for using 2 different firebase project with same package name?

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Wednesday 29 Jun 2011 @ 09:53
Passengers may claim reimbursement of reasonable expenditure incurred where an airline fails to provide care and assistance in the event of a cancelled flight
Under the Air Passenger Compensation Regulation1, passengers of a flight that is cancelled should be able either to obtain reimbursement of their tickets or to obtain re-routing. The airline should also provide adequate care (e.g. accommodation, meals, and telephone calls) while awaiting a later flight. Where the flight is cancelled with little or no notice and where there are no extraordinary circumstances, the passengers are also entitled to compensation, the amount varying depending on the distance of the planned flight. The Regulation also states that it applies without prejudice to a passenger's right to further compensation and that any compensation granted under the Regulation may be deducted from such compensation.
The Pato Rodríguez family, the López Sousa family, and Mr. Rodrigo Manuel Puga Lueiro were all booked on an Air France flight from Paris to Vigo on 25 September 2008. The flight took off as planned, but returned to Charles de Gaulle airport a short time later due to a technical problem with the aircraft. All were rebooked onto alternative flights the following day; however, only Mr. Puga Lueiro was offered assistance by the airline in the intervening time. The Pato Rodríguez family were rerouted to Oporto and had to take a taxi from there to their home city of Vigo.
All the passengers have taken legal action to claim the €250 compensation each for the cancellation of the flight. In addition the Pato Rodriguez family are seeking €170 to cover the cost of the taxi fare and €650 per person by way of non-material damages. The López Sousa family are also claiming €650 each for non-material damages plus the cost of meals in the airport and an extra day in boarding kennels for their dog. Mr Puga Lueiro is seeking €300 non-material damages.
The national court has referred questions to the Court of Justice as to whether the events in question could be considered a "cancellation" and whether the "further compensation" that a passenger may claim concerns the types of compensation covered by the Regulation (such as care costs) or whether it can extend to other damage, such as non-material damage.
In her opinion, Advocate General Eleanor Sharpston finds that a flight is "cancelled" within the meaning of the Regulation if, even after departing as planned, it does not arrive at its scheduled destination but returns to the airport of departure. A flight is intended to carry passengers and their baggage from A to B. When it departs from A as planned but then returns to A and proceeds no further, the flight cannot be said to have operated. Nothing of the essence of the operation has been achieved, as the carrier has carried no-one, and nothing, anywhere.
On the question of compensation, the Advocate General finds that the reference to "further compensation" cannot be limited to the compensation of the type provided by the Regulation: the Regulation does not set any limitation on the type of damage for which a passenger may make a claim. That question must be determined in light of national law, and may, therefore, include non-material damage.
1 Regulation (EC) No 261/2004 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11th February 2004 establishing common rules on compensation and assistance to passengers in the event of denied boarding and of cancellation or long delay of flights and repealing Regulation (EEC) No 295/91 (OJ 2004 L 46, p. 1).
Miss Sharpston further considers that a passenger may seek compensation for expenditure incurred where the airline has failed to provide care and assistance. Whilst such compensation is not explicitly provided for in the Regulation, it is clear that the obligation to provide care and assistance would be nugatory if it could not be enforced. In addition the obligation to provide care and assistance is in no way contingent on a request by the passenger at the time, and such a request is not necessary in order to seek compensation.
Finally, the Advocate General finds that the reimbursement of such expenses should not be considered as "further compensation" from which other compensation granted under the Regulation may be deducted. The duty to pay compensation for a cancelled flight and the duty to provide care and assistance are concurrent and cumulative – the airline may not escape liability by offsetting one against the other.
NOTE: The Advocate General's Opinion is not binding on the Court of Justice. It is the role of the Advocates General to propose to the Court, in complete independence, a legal solution to the cases for which they are responsible. The Judges of the Court are now beginning their deliberations in this case. Judgment will be given at a later date.
NOTE: A reference for a preliminary ruling allows the courts and tribunals of the Member States, in disputes which have been brought before them, to refer questions to the Court of Justice about the interpretation of European Union law or the validity of a European Union act. The Court of Justice does not decide the dispute itself. It is for the national court or tribunal to dispose of the case in accordance with the Court's decision, which is similarly binding on other national courts or tribunals before which a similar issue is raised.
Unofficial document for media use, not binding on the Court of Justice.
The full text of the Opinion is published on the CURIA website on the day of delivery.
Press contact: Christopher Fretwell (+352) 4303 3355


It's not often I write negatively about a book I've read -- mostly because I rarely make it more than 50 pages into a book that isn't working for me. Life's too short to read bad books.
But book club reading falls somewhere in a grey zone here: after all, I joined a book club to expand my reading horizons. And I generally don't think it's fair to hate on a book in discussion if I haven't finished it.
Which is basically the only reason I got to the end of Defending Jacob, the legal thriller from William Landay that topped more book club recommendation lists than I can count. At a high level, the novel is about a prosecutor whose 13-year-old son is accused of murdering a classmate. It asks big questions about parenting and the law: How far would you be willing to go to defend your child against an accusation of murder? How well do parents--or how well can parents--know their own children? What weighs more in the creation of a character: nature or nurture? How imperfect is the United States legal system?
Because of these big questions, it's prime fodder for book club discussion. No two readers will answer the same to all of the above, and disagreement is, after all, what really makes book club debates interesting (see also: Want a Great Book Club Discussion? Don't Please Everyone).
Toby was a fitness addict. She had a runner's lean body and fatless face.
While the legal aspects of the story (how prosecutors build a case, how evidence is designed to lead to a suspect) are interesting, these gems are buried beneath a muddied story about the possibility of an inherited "Murder Gene" and a clumsy tale of what happens to a family in the midst of a legal drama such as this.
Combined with a thoroughly out-of-touch narrator who harps on the confusing nature of technology ("Personally I had no idea what Jacob and his friends saw in Facebook. I could not grasp why all of this information-churning was so compelling.") and views his wife as something to be managed rather than, you know, a real life human person ("But clearly she was in no mood for lawyerly advice. She meant to have her say." and "I discouraged any kind of frank emotional talk, and soon enough I stopped noticing my wife altogether... It was the only sensible approach: tough it out, get through the trial... then repair the emotional damage later."), this much-lauded novel was ultimately flat and disappointing.
Have you read Defending Jacob? Did you love it or hate it?


Cartel is a minimalist and modern WordPress theme designed to let you add the most important contact directly on the Home Page. That theme suits perfectly for everyone that wants to have a fancy Portfolio. The homepage has a dedicated widget area, and in that way, you can showcase some highlighted content.


text:
AMD Sempron 64 LE-1150
Buy Sempron 64 LE-1150
Sempron 64 LE-1150
In terms of overall gaming performance, the AMD Sempron 64 LE-1150 is marginally better than the AMD Athlon XP 2800+ when it comes to running the latest games. This also means it will be less likely to bottleneck more powerful GPUs, allowing them to achieve more of their gaming performance potential.
The Sempron 64 LE-1150 was released over three years more recently than the Athlon XP 2800+, and so the Sempron 64 LE-1150 is likely to have far better levels of support, and will be much more optimized and ultimately superior to the Athlon XP 2800+ when running the latest games.
The Sempron 64 LE-1150 and the Athlon XP 2800+ both have 1 cores, and so are quite likely to struggle with the latest games, or at least bottleneck high-end graphics cards when running them. With a decent accompanying GPU, the Sempron 64 LE-1150 and the Athlon XP 2800+ may still be able to run slightly older games fairly effectively.
The Sempron 64 LE-1150 and Athlon XP 2800+ are not from the same family of CPUs, so their clock speeds are by no means directly comparable. Bear in mind, then, that while the Athlon XP 2800+ has a 0.133 GHz faster frequency, this is not always an indicator that it will be superior in performance, despite frequency being crucial when trying to avoid GPU bottlenecking. As such, we need to look elsewhere for more reliable comparisons.
The Athlon XP 2800+ has a 256 KB bigger L2 cache than the Sempron 64 LE-1150, but neither of the CPUs have L3 caches, so the Athlon XP 2800+ wins out in this area with its larger L2 cache.
The Sempron 64 LE-1150 has a 23 Watt lower Maximum TDP than the Athlon XP 2800+, and was created with a 65 nm smaller manufacturing technology. What this means is the Sempron 64 LE-1150 will consume significantly less power and consequently produce less heat, enabling more prolonged computational tasks with fewer adverse effects. This will lower your yearly electricity bill significantly, as well as prevent you from having to invest in extra cooling mechanisms (unless you overclock).
Sparta Barton (Model 10)
Socket AM2 Socket 462/Socket A
20 Aug 2007 10 Feb 2003
2 GHz vs 2.133 GHz
65 nm vs 130 nm
Sempron has been the marketing name used by AMD for several different budget desktop CPUs, using several different technologies and CPU socket formats. The Sempron replaced the AMD Duron processor and competes against Intel's Celeron series of processors. AMD coined the name from the Latin semper, which means "always", to suggest the Sempron is suitable for "daily use, practical, and part of everyday life". The Athlon made its debut on June 23, 1999. Athlon is the ancient Greek word for Champion/trophy of the games.


This Friday night at 10pm EST (7pm PST)…find out where 99% of the idobi Radio playlist stems from….
If you're a fan of The Vandals, or even if you've never heard of 'em, check out the XtremeBitz tribute to punk rock legends The Vandals!
This Friday night starting at 10pm EST, we'll dig deep into the long history of The Vandals and talk to Warren, Joe, and Dave LIVE.
Only on The XtremeBitz Radio Show, Friday starting at 10pm EST / 7pm PST.


text:
Home / News / Trump's NYC Golf Course to Host Saudi-Backed Women's Event
Trump's NYC Golf Course to Host Saudi-Backed Women's Event
A New York City-owned golf course managed by former President Donald Trump's business is expected to host a Saudi Arabia-supported women's tournament in October, city officials said Friday.
The plan to host the Aramco Team Series at the Trump Golf Links at Ferry Point in the Bronx comes after New York City's attempt to cancel Trump's contract to run the course was thrown out by a judge in April.
Former Mayor Bill de Blasio said shortly after Trump supporters stormed the U.S. Capitol on Jan. 6, 2021, that he was canceling Trump's contracts to run the golf course and several Central Park concessions. The Democratic mayor said the city had the legal right terminate a contract with a company whose leaders are engaged in criminal activity such as inciting an insurrection.
Patrons play the links as the Manhattan skyline is visible in the distance, at Trump Golf Links at Ferry Point in the Bronx borough of New York, May 4, 2021. The New York City-owned golf course, which is managed by former President Donald Trump's business, is expected to host a Saudi Arabia-supported women's tournament in October, city officials said Friday, Aug. 26, 2022. (AP Photo/John Minchillo, File)
Manhattan state court Judge Debra James ruled that city's claim that the Trump Organization had breached the contracts lacked any legal foundation.
The Aramco Team Series, first played in 2020 as the Saudi Ladies Team International, is financed by Saudi Arabia's Public Investment Fund.
The Saudi fund is also backing the LIV Golf tour, set up as a rival to the PGA Tour, which played a tournament at Trump's Bedminster, New Jersey course last month.
Some family members of Sept. 11 victims who blame Saudi Arabia for the 2001 terror attacks criticized Trump for hosting the Saudi-backed tour.
The Saudi government has denied any involvement in the attacks.
Messages seeking comment about Aramco's Oct. 13-15 tournament in New York City were sent to the Trump Organization and the Aramco Team Series.
Nick Paolucci, a spokesperson for the city law department, said, "As the decision in the previous administration's court case displayed, contractually, the city is obligated to follow the terms of the Trump Ferry license agreement and cannot unreasonably withhold approval of this tournament."
Trump's NYC Golf Course to Host Saudi-Backed Women's Event Reviewed by Your Destination on August 29, 2022 Rating: 5


text:
58499 Stüber è un asteroide della fascia principale. Scoperto nel 1996, presenta un'orbita caratterizzata da un semiasse maggiore pari a 2,5475374 UA e da un'eccentricità di 0,1439475, inclinata di 12,90008° rispetto all'eclittica.

Collegamenti esterni

Corpi celesti scoperti nel 1996
Stüber

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


As a member of the Wet'suwet'en First Nation, Judge Karen Whonnock grew up on a farm near Smithers, BC. After finishing high school, Judge Whonnock went to work for the Canadian National Railway - at the age of 19 she was working as a brakeman and train conductor/yard foreman. When the company retired its cabooses and laid off staff, she decided to use the severance package they offered to attend university, becoming the first in her family to do so and beginning a life-long practice of setting and achieving goals.
After obtaining a Bachelor of Arts in Psychology in 1996, Judge Whonnock went on to obtain a law degree from the University of Toronto in 1999. She was admitted to the Law Society of BC in 2000.
Always passionate about education, Judge Whonnock worked for the BC government in post-secondary education in 2001 to support Aboriginal communities and their members in pursuing post-secondary training and education opportunities. She then served a four year term as an Associate Judge of the Colville Tribal Court in Washington State, where she presided over civil, family and criminal matters including criminal jury trials. Continuing her education at the same time, Judge Whonnock completed a Master of Laws in Alternative Dispute Resolution at York University's Osgoode Hall Law School in 2003, focusing on indigenous dispute resolution systems and domestic violence. In addition, she taught courses at Northwest Indian College in Bellingham, Washington on the Lummi reserve, including courses on Indigenous Women and Leadership and Lummi Constitutional Law. Judge Whonnock also taught Gladue Report Writing at the Justice Institute of British Columbia.
Judge Whonnock also worked as a treaty negotiator, a lawyer for the BC Legal Services Society, and practised criminal law and family law in northern BC, receiving the Queen's Counsel designation in 2014. In 2016 she was appointed a judge of the Provincial Court of BC.
However, in 2009 she had started the new Doctor of Social Sciences program at Royal Roads University. There she researched Aboriginal youth incarceration rates in Canada. The doctoral program involved two years of online course work and a month on campus in each of 2010 and 2011, followed by writing and defending a dissertation. Judge Whonnock demonstrated characteristic dedication and persistence in continuing with the program when the demands of work and family slowed her progress. In November 2018 she was awarded a Doctor of Social Sciences degree by Royal Roads University.
What lies next? Judge Whonnock mentions an interest in photography, and reading for pleasure (which she hasn't had time for in the last decade), as well as unpacking boxes from her last move. Although we cannot call her Doctor Whonnock (as titles bestowed upon lawyers before they are appointed a Provincial Court judge, including Queen's Counsel and degrees, are superseded by the appointment and not used until the judge retires), Judge Whonnock says she is both honoured and humbled to preside in court in the beautiful Williams Lake and surrounding Cariboo communities.


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Montjay ist eine französische Gemeinde im Département Saône-et-Loire in der Region Bourgogne-Franche-Comté. Sie gehört zum Arrondissement Louhans und zum Kanton Pierre-de-Bresse. Die Gemeinde gehört seit Juli 2011 dem Gemeindeverband Bresse Revermont 71 an. Der Ort hat  Einwohner (Stand ).

Geografie

Die Gemeinde liegt in der Landschaft Bresse, im nördlichen Drittel des Arrondissement Louhans auf einer Anhöhe über dem Tal der Brenne. Das Département Jura dringt hier weit in das Gebiet des Département Saône-et-Loire ein, so dass Montjay im Nordosten an die Gemeinde Chapelle-Voland grenzt. Durch das nordöstliche Gemeindegebiet fließt die Brenne, die anschließend die östliche Gemeindegrenze bildet. Im südlichen Gemeindegebiet entspringt der Ruisseau de l'Étang de Bouhans. Das nördliche Gemeindegebiet wird durch ein Netz von Biefs entwässert (künstlich angelegte Wasserläufe, die der Bewirtschaftung der Étangs dienen), die ebenfalls in die Brenne münden. Montjay liegt an keiner wichtigen Straße, lediglich die Departementsstraße D137 (Bellevesvre – Torpes – Saint-Germain-du-Bois) führt durch den Ort. Das Gemeindegebiet weist praktisch keine zusammenhängenden Waldflächen auf. Die Gemeinde ist stark zersiedelt, über drei Viertel der Bevölkerung wohnt in den Weilern, die oft nur ein oder zwei Häuser aufweisen. Zur Gemeinde gehören folgende Weiler und Fluren: Arbois, Chancelle, Chapuis, Chardenière, Chaudenard, Étang-Touley, Grange-Bernard, Haut-de-Montjay, Île, Merlins, Motte, Mouilles, Parets, Picards, Plateaux, Ponces, Rabottière, Reppe.

Klima
Das Klima in Montjay ist warm und gemäßigt. Es gibt das ganze Jahr über deutliche Niederschläge, selbst der trockenste Monat weist noch hohe Niederschlagsmengen auf. Die effektive Klimaklassifikation nach Köppen und Geiger ist Cfb. Im Jahresdurchschnitt herrscht einer Temperatur von 11,0 °C. Über ein Jahr verteilt summieren sich die Niederschläge auf 825 mm.

Toponymie
Die erste Erwähnung eines Ortes in der Gemeinde betrifft Motte, der 1157 als in der Curia de Montegerio erwähnt wird, 1216 wird dann ein Guido de Montjay erwähnt. Der Ort selber wird 1422/23 La Faye genannt, 1462 wird die Kirche erwähnt als l'esglise du Fay, 1469 nennt sich der Ort Moisenant. Dieser Name bleibt, bis 1783 Montjay ou Moisenans auftaucht und in der Folge Montjay als Bezeichnung für die Gemeinde beibehalten wird. Der Name geht vermutlich auf mons gaudii (Berg der Freude) zurück. Diese Bezeichnung wurde im Jakobsbuch dem Monte do Gozo gegeben, dem Punkt auf der Pilgerreise nach Santiago de Compostela, an dem erstmals das ersehnte Ziel sichtbar wird. Ableitungen von mons gaudii oder mont de joie haben häufig zu Bezeichnungen für Ortsnamen oder Weilern in Frankreich geführt.

Geschichte
Seit dem 15. Jahrhundert gehörte Moisenant der Familie Bouton, bis Jeanne Bouton 1623 heiratete und die Herrschaft damit an Ponthus de Thiard überging
Seit 1587 gehörte die Herrschaft der Familie de Gréen, die im Weiler Plateaux ein Schloss besaßen, dessen viereckiger Turm im 18. Jahrhundert noch sichtbar war. Das Schloss selbst ist vollständig verschwunden; Beim Weiler L'Îsle befindet sich ein tiefer Weiher, genannt le Gour, in dessen Umgebung Mauerreste gefunden wurden. Angeblich stand hier das alte Schloss, von dem erzählt wird, jedes Jahr in der Weihnachtsnacht sei das Bimmeln des alten Glockenturms im Gour zu hören. Durch Heirat gelangte die Herrschaft an die Familie Raquet de Lorme. Ein Teil der Gemeinde gehörte Mitte des 18. Jahrhunderts der Familie de Scorailles.

Kirchenrechtlich war Montjay der Pfarrei von La Chaux zugehörig. 1768 entstand in Montjay eine eigene Pfarrei mit dem Bau der Kirche, die dem Heiligen Petrus geweiht ist und im 19. Jahrhundert renoviert wurde. In der heutigen Mairie war einst auch eine gemischte Schulklasse untergebracht. 1988 bestanden noch 28 Landwirtschaftsbetriebe.

Bevölkerung

Wirtschaft und Infrastruktur
Heute ist Montjay ein landwirtschaftlich geprägter Ort ohne eigene Infrastruktur oder Einkaufsmöglichkeiten. Lediglich die Mairie (Gemeindehaus) und eine Kirche (Sankt Peter geweiht) befinden sich im Ort, die Gemeinde verfügt über keine eigene Schule, die Kinder werden in Schulen der umliegenden Gemeinden ausgebildet. In der Gemeinde befinden sich 16 Landwirtschaftsbetriebe und zwei Betriebe der Baubranche. Als AOC-Produkte sind in Montjay Volaille de Bresse und Dinde de Bresse zugelassen.

Literatur

 Lucien Guillemaut (1842–1917): Histoire de la Bresse Louhannaise. Bd. 1, Louhans 1897.

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Ort in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté


Many graduating high school seniors are of the view that a break from the usual grind of schoolwork and assessments is the best thing to do as it will refresh them and clear their mind. A gap year or as it is popularly known as "time off", can be defined as a considerable amount of time spent engaging in outside schoolwork activities. It can be either a short-term break ranging from 4 to 6 months or a long-term one ranging from 1 to 2 years at a stretch. Taking breaks after graduation is preferable and more so after post graduation as students are usually exhausted around this time.
Sometimes a break is required to refresh and energize you, to prepare you for another round of "highway of intellectual growth". "A gap year post-college and pre -"real life," one that is dedicated to exploring and giving back to the world before venturing off on a chosen career, would be far more beneficial to the student and community as a whole (Nick Plett).
Therefore if you wish to take a yearlong break then the "right time is after college and before the rest of your life begins." – Nick Plett. Taking breaks has its advantages, it leaves you with ample amount of time to figure out your life, clear your mind, give you an insight into yourself, helps you realise your dreams and builds your confidence. It is the perfect time for anyone unsure of which career to pursue and to gather up funds to pursue a career once decided upon. Aside from this it is the perfect opportunity to do some soul-searching or engage in activities that you've always wanted to and develop it or pursue hobbies.
Amid your soul-searching, if you stumble upon an activity that interest's you then you should go with that. Should it be a hobby than pursue it. The best option that you can begin with on your break from further education is to pursue a hobby that you like. If you are one of these individuals, then here are some inspiring gap year ideas for you.
Take up a job to make some money and to indulge in some sort of activity per say. Some benefits are listed out.
If you are taking a yearlong break, find a job for 6 months that pays you adequately.
Save a handsome amount, to make a trip to a place you haven't discovered and stay there for a month like a local.
Be a traveler on foot with no reservations, further benefits of travelling are listed.
A month away from the everyday faces and places, is a brilliant way to break the monotony of your life.
Work as a volunteer at an orphanage and help improve their standard of living and learn from them along the way. You will be surprised at what you learn and it will give you a sense of satisfaction you wouldn't have felt otherwise.
If you are looking to do something in psychology volunteer at a school for special students or the differently abled. You will be amazed at what you learn. The satisfaction you feel will be worthed nonetheless.
Step out of your comfort zone and do something that you've never done before. All the while improving yourself in areas listed.
Learn a foreign language that you've always wanted to learn or develop your skill.
Join workshops to acquire skills, such as painting, photography, origami, sculpting, etc.
Try bungee jumping at the Verzasca Dam in Switzerland, famous for the world's tallest bungee jump at 220 m.
Amidst your activities take out time to reflect back on all you've learnt and think about whether or not you wish to get back to the full-time college lifestyle and plan accordingly. If you do plan to get back in to the college routine groove you will also have gained some new contacts for a possible job opening; once you are done with your education. A well planned gap year filled with skills will open doors to opportunities you may not have thought of initially and lots more; that combined with your experiences all of it adds up to a good resume and a perfect candidate for the job! So if a break is what you need for whatever may be the reason take it or you may risk loosing such an opportunity. Needless to say ensure that the gap year is spent diligently. Make sure that the activities you engage in teaches you new skills and gives you exposure to new experiences. This amounts to life lessons being learnt well and en route learn about life itself, through overwhelming interactions with people. All the very best!
I really didn't know I had so many options to choose from!
I'm glad that it was of some help!


text:
package org.ryyaan2004.flashy.app;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.util.Objects;
import java.util.Properties;

import javax.annotation.PostConstruct;
import javax.enterprise.context.ApplicationScoped;

import org.apache.log4j.Logger;

/**
 * Used for reading properties files
 * @author ryyaan2004 (ryyaan_2004@yahoo.com)
 *
 */
@ApplicationScoped
public class Configuration {

	private static final Logger log = Logger.getLogger(Configuration.class);
	private Properties props;
	private String oauthFile = "oauth.properties";

	public Configuration() {}

	@PostConstruct
	private void setup() {
		props = new Properties();
		try (InputStream is = this.getClass().getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream(oauthFile)) {
			props.load(is);
		}
		catch (IOException e) {
			log.error(e);
		}
	}

	public String getOauthClientSecret() {
		return props.getProperty("CLIENT_SECRET");
	}

	public String getOauthClientId() {
		return props.getProperty("CLIENT_ID");
	}

	public String getOauthCallbackUri() {
		return props.getProperty("CALLBACK_URI");
	}

	public String getOauthScope() {
		return props.getProperty("SCOPE");
	}

	public String getUserInfoUrl() {
		return props.getProperty("USER_INFO_URL");
	}

	/**
	 * Retrieve a value that might be associated with the provided key
	 *
	 * @param key
	 * @return the associated value or an empty string
	 */
	public String getProperty(String key) {
		final String empty = "";
		if ( !Objects.isNull(key) && !empty.equals(key) )
		{
			return props.getProperty(key, empty);
		}
		return empty;
	}

}


(2018) Sometimes I write articles, lay them off to the interwebs, and then expect accolades of the highest calling. I think, "This will be the article of the century!" I'll spend a couple of days expecting my online column to rise to the top as most read article. Except it often does not. Then there are articles that inflict curiosity as to why they are so often read.
Take an old article for instance. It was an essay called 'On a Heat Wave.' It was the story of a ride in midsummer where I intended to chase my friend down who had departed at a slightly reasonable time for me to consider catching him. I rode hard relishing the moment when I would jokingly rip by him and seem as if I would continue on with a bullying, "On your left." I never did catch him, nor did I find out how close I was.
That story popped into my mind as I caught a glorious tailwind on Route 29 in New Jersey for the final leg home. One of the hurdles for the Rapha Festive 500 is life obligation. Our famous ridekick Mike had shown up at the creakybottombracket.com office to make his ride a duo. Unfortunately I was not able to go at the time but told him of my intended route. Perhaps I could ride him down. Perhaps.
I was racing three mental finish lines. I had come up a bit short on yesterday's average of 45 miles for a seven-day Festive 500. I respect the challenge enough to know every mile counts, and the possibility of coming up short again today would make the final days concerning. I was racing to get closer to the average than yesterday. Then there was the belief I could catch Mike. I was encouraged to ride faster as I saw numerous salty bike tire tracks along the route. He's just up ahead I thought. With my late start time I was constantly doing the maths to make sure I was back before darkness descended. Sometimes a sunset is all we need for motivation.
I couldn't help think back to my summertime article that featured a photo of bubbling asphalt. On that ride I eventually lost all power on account of the heat. Here today I was riding in early winter gear and getting faster each mile. There was enough fuel in the furnace to keep me going. With this in mind perhaps I was going to catch Mike yet.
In the end I came close to the 45-mile average. I never did catch Mike. Perhaps I could have caught him with a couple of minute head start and his not knowing of my pursuit. I left over an hour after him; there was no way I would even see a hint of his Curbar winter kit. I rolled to the final stop light just outside of the creakybottombracket.com offices where I removed my sunglasses to help see in the increasing darkness. Cloud cover had expedited the fading light.
The Rapha Festive 500 doesn't give us forever to finish, nor is 2018 around for much longer. After looking out the window, I'm glad the grass doesn't need mowing.


text:
Human Bean store in Evans first in area
Sharon Dunn
Some day, Greeley's five Starbucks locations may be no match for the Human Bean Drive-Thru Coffee Bar.
Some day, maybe, this growing company franchised seven years ago in Oregon can topple competitors' coffee sales with its quick drive-throughs pitching chocolate-covered beans on top of every drink.
In Colorado, the beginnings of this potential barrista bonanza began in Evans last week, when Sam and Stacy Wray, recent imports from Oregon, opened their first store at 3310 23rd Ave. They plan for three more locations in Greeley and Fort Collins within the next
several months. They're thinking even bigger yet.
"Starbucks has paved the way and cultured our country to enjoy high-quality coffees, and what we provide we believe is a better product with faster service right on your way to work on your way home," said Sam Wray, who is partnering with Evans builder and developer Dave Clarkson, who owns Clarkson Land. "We hope to have at least five to 10 open by the end of 2005, another 15 to 20 in 2006 and another 20-30 in 2007."
Their plan is ambitious and they know it. But research and the powers of observation point to a barely-tapped coffee market in northern Colorado. Greeley's got its coffee shops, and a few drive-through espressos, but none like a full-scale attack such as the Human Bean plans.
"We know there's going to be some level of competition, but if we're doing a better job, we'll get our fair share of the business," said Clarkson, who will build the new Human Bean buildings and lease them to the Wrays. "We're not going to own the market, but we'll be a significant player."
Sam Wray is a former general manager of a family Ford dealership in Klamath Falls, Ore. He and Stacy moved to Fort Collins in March with their franchise rights to start the first chain of Human Beans in Colorado. The chain also has stores in Idaho, Arizona and North Carolina.
Clarkson did a little research before jumping. He visited Jackson County, Ore., which has roughly the same population as Greeley and has about 30 drive-through coffee bars. He's seen the market on the East Coast, knowing that will eventually squeeze its way into the central states.
"I've studied the business for quite a long time," Clarkson said. "I've been watching the Starbucks phenomenon and we see it as a dramatically growing market."
With Starbucks' descent into Greeleyland in 2001, the masses flocked to the seemingly unlimited choices of coffees in a relaxing atmosphere. Capri Coffee came to Greeley with its franchise in 2003, hoping to put a dent in Starbucks' share here.
The sit-down shops offer one market, but Clarkson and Wray believe the drive-up market is bigger in this area.
"For some people, it's the leisure, stop and sit down visit or talk business over a cup of coffee for half an hour," Clarkson said. "Then there's a separate market for people who are on their way somewhere who don't want to take the time to go into a restaurant. They want the convenience of pulling up to the drive-through. I think it's bigger than the sit-down market. It's such a growing market, we see it as something we're willing to invest in the long term in northern Colorado."
The Evans site is the perfect location, said franchise co-founder Tom Casey, who has nine corporate stores throughout Oregon, and helped pick locations for the Wrays.
"This is a business of driving patterns and habitual commuters in the morning," Casey said. "This spot has a good traffic count at 18,000 cars a day. There are a lot of places around here that have 30,000 to 40,000 a day. Things are just going to get better and better for this idea."
The main concept of the drive-throughs is to provide quick service in two lanes. The Wrays boast top-of-the-line espresso machines and steamers that can fill a cup so fast, you'll be out of the driveway in less than a minute. That's the plan, anyway. Cars with multiple orders may hinder that goal.
"Starbucks CEO Howard Schultz himself says that 70 percent of their people come in and leave," Wray said. "The Starbucks on 10th Street demonstrates that. We feel the public wants competition; they want a choice."
Human Bean offers upwards of 200 choices of coffees, which customers can get in decaffeinated or fat-free versions. Some drinks can even come in low-carb varieties. It offers smoothies and Italian sodas, as well as "not-so-hot chocolate" for kids. Divots in the top of each cup allow room for a chocolate-covered espresso bean, which is served with every drink.


Australia's policymakers have "not been the advocates of the system that they should be" according to an executive in one big four firm, who believes the rhetoric and approach to super policy needs a shake-up to ensure long-term confidence and sustainability.
Speaking to SMSF Adviser, KPMG's head of wealth management advisory, Paul Howes, said Australia is "very bad as a country" in the way that the reform of superannuation is discussed and debated, both publicly and in Parliament.
"We create a high level of uncertainty around what the rules of play are and government needs to start to wean themselves off from constantly wanting to tinker with it," said Mr Howes.
"It feels like every budget we have a change and some of those changes are warranted and are good, but the way in which we carry out the debate, I think, is creating a lack of confidence around it," he said.
Mr Howes is confident that Australia's superannuation system has the "critical design elements" to fulfil its mission, even though it's currently missing the mark.
"Australia shouldn't be too down on itself around this. We have the best retirement income scheme in the world. And there is no jurisdiction that has a better system than we have. I think we are often far too critical of ourselves and don't talk about how amazing this system is," he said.


text:
How 3 Bustle Writers Have Tackled Harmful Labels In Their Lives
Inspired by Meghan, The Duchess Of Sussex's new podcast, Archetypes.
by Sam Rogers
Everyone has at least one… Those loathsome labels that slip under our skin and chip away at our sense of self. 'Emotional', 'bossy', 'diva', 'social climber', 'crazy'... from the subtle to the overt, we've all heard these labels before. Perhaps you've even used them. They come in many guises, with insidious intersections of race and sexuality, and meanings that have changed over time. Diva, for instance, originally referred to a great musical talent, a deity even. Today it's associated with women deemed to be demanding, grandiose, and likely to make a scene.
The common thread running through these archetypes? Being a woman, it seems; not adhering to the narrow and outdated standards of what is "feminine", "decent", or "correct." It is precisely the origins of these tropes and their lasting impact on women which Meghan, The Duchess of Sussex explores and uncovers in her new Spotify Original podcast, Archetypes.
Inspired by Archetypes, the Bustle team has been reflecting on our own experiences being typecast and how we've reframed them, finding strength in what others perceive as flaws or levy at us as insults.
Shahed Ezaydi, Freelance Editor
"You seemed kind of scary, if I'm being honest." I was 13 years old and my friend was sharing her first impression of me. As someone who avoids confrontation and arguments at all costs (often to my own detriment), it was a real shock. And I am as taken aback now when I'm called aggressive as I was then. At first, I tried to figure out why I was seen as aggressive or scary. Was I being too loud? Too confident? Did I talk over or interrupt people in conversations? I had all manner of questions whizzing around my head, making me increasingly paranoid that I was indeed an aggressive person. So I decided to change parts of who I am. I made myself smaller, quieter, less imposing. I put all my energy into making sure people thought of me as someone who blended in with the crowd; a "nice" girl.
But the thing about trying to be someone you're not is that it's tiring, draining, and quite frankly boring. I may not know why I'm labeled aggressive, but I learned to flip this label and use it to my advantage, especially in my career. I've tried to become more assertive in situations that need me to put my foot down, and clearly set my boundaries. I may not always feel assertive, but knowing that I can be perceived in this way has definitely helped my confidence and self-esteem.
Justine Knight, Beauty Writer
From an early age it was made clear to me that my "oversensitivity" was a weakness. Most of my school reports riffed on, "Justine has a talent for storytelling but needs to spend more time on numbers and less time worrying about what's happening with her friends and in the classroom." As if my concern over my classmates would be detrimental to my future.
The sting of being called emotional or neurotic — particularly in an argument, when the other person involved has decided my emotional response doesn't match the significance they have ascribed to it — never stops being sharp, but my extraordinary empathy has served me, too. From caring for my grandfather when a stroke left him unable to express himself, to being there for my friends when they need support, being tuned into my surroundings and the moods around me has allowed me to retreat from negative situations and lean into positive opportunities. Being empathetic has made me a better friend, colleague, leader, and partner.
Sam Rogers, Executive Editor
At school I was in high demand for any and all group projects, simply because everyone knew I would just do it for them. It wasn't because I was a pushover, per se, though that has been suggested. It was because I didn't trust anyone to meet my impossibly high standards. Let me be clear, the standards were at their highest and most unreachable when it came to myself. And they still are in many ways. The problem was that it often came across as being bossy, picky, or my favourite, intimidating.
I tried being submissive, keeping my opinions to myself, and "being cool" by not caring. The problem was that it made me miserable; I do care, and I don't think that being indifferent is cool. When I started dating, I had another huge learning curve when I realised that having high standards doesn't (or shouldn't) make me threatening, either. (If someone calls you intimidating on a date, consider that a red flag.) Working on softening my inner critic has not been an easy process, but I now know that my drive and ambition are not qualities to be ashamed of or silence, but to celebrate.
The trouble with stereotypes is that they are a vicious circle: imposed on us by society and perpetuated in the way we think, speak, and act. By speaking about their impact and understanding the origins of these terms, we can challenge their power and, maybe, stop the cycle from continuing.
Listen to Archetypes with Meghan now. Don't believe the type. Only on Spotify.


text:
Wales and Middle English Literature
Dept. of Celtic Languages and Literatures, Harvard Univ.
Georgia Henley
Harvard Univ.
A. Joseph McMullen
Until North Wales: Reading Gawain's Journey into Wales
Joshua Byron Smith
Univ. of Arkansas-Fayetteville
British History and the History of England
Owain Wyn Jones
Bangor Univ.
English Political Prophecy in Wales: The Untold Reception History of the Erceldoune Prophecies
Victoria Flood
Univ. of York
Bernhard 204
Given that so much extant early Middle English writing is of a provenance of the Welsh Marches and neighboring counties, it is not surprising that literary influences and exchanges across the borders of England and Wales have been found in such places as the language of the Katherine Group or the possible influence of Celtic poetic forms on the Harley Lyrics. Yet few studies have been devoted to the specifics of this cultural exchange; the influence of Welsh literature and Wales are most often mentioned in passing, and some claims of Welsh influence remain tenuous or disputed.
The purpose of this session is to explore some of these literary connections more fully. It is hoped that this session will foster discussion between the disciplines, explore the cultural links between the two bordering countries, and perhaps even lay to rest some disputed or tenuous claims of influence in the literature.


Understanding a linguistic theory within OT requires an exact characterization of the ranking conditions necessitated by data. These conditions determine the formal shape of the grammar while providing the crucial link between the data and its interpretation. We introduce an algorithm ('Fusional Reduction', FRed) which calculates the necessary and sufficient ranking conditions inherent in any collection of candidates and presents them in a maximally concise and informative way. The algorithm, stemming from the original proposal of Brasoveanu 2003, is set within the fusional ERC theory of Prince 2002a (ROA-500). In this context, the Most Informative Basis and the Skeletal Basis emerge as the two important types of reduced representations of ranking structure. We examine their properties and show how FRed produces them from data. Fine-grained FRed is compared with broad-stroke RCD (Tesar & Smolensky 1993, Tesar 1995 et seq.), and RCD is re-interpreted and embraced within FRed as a simplified, information-losing sub-case. Finally, FRed is compared with other related algorithms in structure, worst-case complexity, and relevance to the analytical enterprise. This paper revises Brasoveanu & Prince 2005.


Neonatal hypoxia-ischemia is one of the main reasons that cause neuronal damage and neonatal death. Several studies have shown that tanshinone I (TsI), one of the major ingredients of Danshen, exerts potential neuroprotective effect in adult mice exposed to permanent left cerebral ischemia. However, it is unclear whether administration of TsI has neuroprotective effect on neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD), and if so, the potential mechanisms also remain unclear. Here, we reported that treatment with TsI (5 mg/kg, i.p.) significantly alleviated the deficits of myodynamia and motor functions as well as the spatial learning and memory in the rat model of HIBD. These behavioral changes were accompanied by a significant decrease in the number of neuronal loss in the CA1 area of hippocampus. Moreover, ELISA assay showed that TsI significantly increased the production of antioxidants including total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), glutathione (GSH), total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) and catalase (CAT), and reduced the production of pro-oxidants including hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), total nitric oxide synthase (T-NOS) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). Taken together, these results indicate that TsI presents potential neuroprotection against neuronal damage via exerting significantly antioxidative activity and against pro-oxidant challenge, thereby ameliorating hypoxia-ischemia-induced motor and cognitive impairments in the neonatal rats, suggesting that TsI may be a potential therapeutic agent against HIBD.
Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE), which is caused by perinatal hypoxia-ischemia, is one of the major reasons that lead to neuronal damage and neonatal death. The incidence of HIE is about 1 to 3 per 1000 term births [1, 2], and up to 40,000 to 50,000 infants are affected each year in China. The survivor exhibits motor disability or a variety of serious neurological sequela, such as cerebral palsy, epilepsy, severe learning impairment or intellectual deficiency [3–5], which diminish the quality of life of HIE children and increase the enormous burden of economic and spirit on their families and society. Therefore, the research for a potential neuroprotective therapy in order to guide the clinical treatment for HIE is particularly important.
Recent studies have proposed that oxidative injury to vital cellular structures contributes to the pathogenesis of HIE . The potential mechanism underlying oxidative injury in HIE is that the neonatal brain is selectively vulnerable to oxidative stress, which results in altered reactive oxygen species metabolism  including the increased accumulation of hydrogen peroxide and subsequent neurotoxicity . In addition, the brain of neonatal is immature and the nervous system exerts immature antioxidant defenses, which display less activity in antioxidant enzyme systems including superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxides [9, 10]. There is a growing body of evidence has shown that oxidative stress results in calcium mobilization and cell damage via providing the link between activation of glutamate receptors and the intracellular cascade of events. Those findings explain the appearance of delayed cell death and secondary energy failure, suggesting that the inhibition of oxidative stress may be a potential therapeutic for HIE .
Danshen (Radix salvia miltiorrhiza root), an annual sage plant, is among the most popular medicinal herbs used in China, whose extract as an antihypertensive and a sedative is widely used for the treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in recent years [12–14]. The water-soluble Danshen extracts contain several diterpene quinine analogs including tanshinone I (TsI), tanshinone II (TsII), cryptotanshinone (CTs) and dihydrotanshinone I (DTsI) , which are able to penetrate the blood-brain barrier . Given its antioxidantive and anti-inflammatory effects both in vitro [17–19] and in vivo [19–21], tanshinone is of particular therapeutic interest in hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD). Indeed, both TsI and TsII including TsIIA and TsIIB, have obvious potential for neuroprotection against hypoxia-ischemia injury in adult mice and rat [22–24]. In addition, treatment with TsIIA significantly reduced the severity of brain injury induced by hypoxia-ischemia in the immature rat [25, 26]. However, there is no any report on the influence of TsI on motor and cognitive functions in neonatal rat after HIBD.
As aforementioned, TsI has potential anti-oxidative activity. We therefore hypothesize that TsI may present neuroprotective effects through suppressing oxidative stress, and subsequently improve motor function and learning and memory ability in neonatal rat model of HIBD. In the present study, we investigated this hypothesis using a combination of behavioral test, immunohistochemical and anti-oxidative activity analysis in the neonatal rat model of HIBD.
Unsexed 7-day-old Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were used to establish the HIBD model as previously described, with modification . Briefly, the left carotid artery of 7-day postnatal rats was ligated and 2 h later the pups were exposed to hypoxic conditions (8% O2 + 92% N2) for 2.5 h at 37 °C. The sham animals were only separated out the left carotid artery without ligation and no exposure to hypoxic conditions. Immediately after hypoxic treatment, pups were transferred back to the nest with their dam until weaning on postnatal day 21, and they were housed in plastic cages with unlimited access to food and water and maintained in a temperature-controlled colony room (21 °C) under a cycle of 12-h light/12-h dark (8:00 am - 8:00 pm).
To illustrate the neuroprotective effects of TsI against HIBD, all pups were divided into four groups: sham, sham + TsI, HIBD + saline, HIBD + TsI. TsI was purchased from selleck (Shanghai, China) and dissolved in sterile saline containing 0.5% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). The rats in sham + TsI and HIBD + TsI groups received intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of TsI at a dose of 5 mg/kg/day from 1 day before hypoxic-ischemic surgery (postnatal day 6) for 7 days, and the second injection was conducted 6 h before the surgery (Fig. 1a), as reported previously [23, 26].
To further examine the therapeutic effects of TsI against HIBD, some rats received 7-day treatment of TsI (5 mg/kg/day, i.p.) from postnatal day 7 to 13, and the first injection was conducted immediately after HIBD (Fig. 3a).
Grasping test was used to evaluate myodynamia according to the instruction (Chatillon, USA). Briefly, 3 weeks after HIBD model established, the left and right forelimbs of each rat were placed on the grasping force sensor, respectively. Gently pulled the trail and recorded the last maximum tensile force until the rat cannot hold on. The myodynamia of left or right forelimb was measured 5 times and mean value was calculated to illustrate the myodynamia of the rats. The Grip Strength Meter was cleaned with 70% ethanol and water between tests.
Rotarod test was used to evaluate motor performance as previously described, with modifications . Briefly, after grasping test, each rat received 2 rounds of pre-training trials (one trial at 0 rpm and the other trial at 20 rpm) on the rotarod (Stoelting Co.). Twenty-four hours after the pre-training, rats were received formal rotarod test in ten consecutive trials (20-min intervals) with an initial rotation of 5 rpm to last rotation 50 rpm (increasing by 5 rpm each time). The time that the animals remained on the rotarod during each test was monitored, and maximum test time (cut-off limit) was 180 s. The latency to fall off the rotarod was used to express the motor performance. The rotarod was cleaned with 70% ethanol and water between tests.
Four weeks after HIBD, the Morris water maze test was performed to measure spatial learning and memory as described previously [29, 30]. In brief, rats were allowed to adapt to the water maze, which consists of a circular pool (180-cm diameter, 60-cm at the side), for 60 s 24 h before the first spatial learning trial. During training period, rats were trained in the pool over 4 trials per day for 5 consecutive days to find a submerged platform (1-cm below the surface of the water). During each trial, the rats failed to reach the hidden platform within 60 s were guided to the platform where they remained for 30 s. A 60-s probe test was performed without the hidden platform to assess the memory retrieval ability, 24 h after the last training trial. All trials were recorded by using Any-maze tracking system (Stoelting, USA).
After behavioral tests, the rats were deeply anesthetized with urethane (1.5 g/kg, i.p.) and then transcardially perfused with 0.9% saline followed by 4% paraformaldehyde in 100 mM phosphate-buffered saline (PBS, PH 7.4). Brains were transferred to 30% sucrose in 100 mM PBS for several days before they sunk to the bottom of sucrose solution. Then they were serially sectioned into 30-μm coronal sections using Leica cryostat and every sixth slice with the same reference position was stained. After blocking and permeabilization, the slices were incubated with diluted anti-NeuN (1:100 dilution, Millipore, MAB377) for overnight at 4 °C. Thereafter, the positive neurons were visualized with anti-mouse Ig HRP detection kit according to the manufacturer's instruction. The number of NeuN-positive cells was quantified in brain sections with typical morphology of the pyramidal neuron in the CA1 area of hippocampus. Briefly, the number of NeuN-immunoreactive neurons was counted manually at five-section intervals throughout the CA1 area of hippocampus by bright-field microscopy using ImageJ software. To quantify changes of the number of NeuN-immunoreactive neurons in the CA1, the number of NeuN-immunoreactive neurons in sham rat was normalized to 100%, and the number of NeuN-immunoreactive neurons in other groups was expressed as a percentage of the sham.
Brain tissues of hippocampus and cortex were homogenized with saline (tissue weight: saline volume = 1: 9) on ice, followed by centrifugation at 2500 g for 10 min at 4 °C. The supernatant was used to test the antioxidant activity including total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), and pro-oxidants including hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), total nitric oxide synthase (TNOS) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), by using ELISA kit (Nanjing Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute, Nanjing, China). Briefly, the supernatant of brain tissue homogenate was mixed with Reagent 1 (the volume of supernatant: Reagent 1 = 1: 1) by vortex, and then centrifuged at 3500 g at 4 °C for 10 min. Then, 100 μl mixed tissue sample was pipetted into a well of microplate, and 100 μl Reagent 2 and 25 μl Reagent 3 were added to each well and incubated at room temperature for 5 min. The absorbance was determined at 405 nm by microplate reader (Bio Tek Insruments). Finally, the standard curve was used to determine the concentration of each sample.
All data were expressed as means ± standard error (mean ± SEM). The differences of rotarod test and spatial learning in water maze test among different groups were analyzed by two-way AVOVA with treatment (group) as the between-subjects factor and training trials in rotarod test or learning day in water maze test as the within- subjects factor. The data of all other experiments were analyzed by one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post hoc test. Significance level was set as at p < 0.05.
To determine whether TsI can rescue HIBD-induced motor deficits, two different behavioral tests were introduced: grasping test and rotarod test. In grasping test, myodynamia of the right forelimb was significantly decreased compared to that of the left in HIBD rats (HIBD + saline: n = 10, Fig. 1b). Importantly, treatment with TsI (5 mg/kg, i.p.) fully rescued the HIBD-induced myodynamia deficit, as reflected by similar myodynamia in both left and right forelimbs (HIBD + TsI: n = 11, Fig. 1b). Notably, myodynamia was not affected with or without TsI treatment in sham groups (sham: n = 10; sham + TsI: n = 10, Fig. 1b).
In rotarod test, the rats in HIBD group spent much less time on the rod compared with those treated with sham surgery (sham: n = 8; HIBD + saline: n = 8, p < 0.05 vs. sham; Fig. 1c), indicating a significant impairment of motor balance and coordination. Treatment with TsI fully rescued the HIBD-induced motor deficit, as reflected by a dramatic increase in the time spent on the rod (HIBD + TsI: n = 9, p > 0.05 vs. sham, p < 0.05 vs. HIBD + saline; Fig. 1c), whereas TsI treatment have no effect on motor function in the sham group (sham + TsI: n = 8, p > 0.05 vs. sham; Fig. 1c). Taken together, these results indicate that TsI treatment alleviates the deficits of myodynamia and motor function in the neonatal rat after HIBD.
It has been well documented that the impairment of learning and memory is the major sequelae of HIBD in human and a variety of animal models [31, 32]. To identify the effects of TsI treatment on spatial learning and memory deficits induced by hypoxia-ischemia in neonatal rats, the Morris water maze test, a hippocampus-dependent task, was conducted. As shown in Fig. 2, although the escape latency decreased progressively in all groups, the latency in the HIBD group was much longer than that in the sham groups during spatial training period (sham: n = 10; sham + TsI: n = 10, p > 0.05 vs. sham; HIBD + saline: n = 10, p < 0.01 vs. sham; Fig. 2a), indicating an impairment of learning after HIBD. Importantly, daily TsI treatment (5 mg/kg, i.p.) significantly ameliorated the impairment, as reflected by an obvious decrease in the latency to the platform, compared with saline treatment (HIBD + TsI: n = 11, p < 0.05 vs. HIBD + saline; Fig. 2a).
The results from probe test showed that spatial memory retrieval was obviously impaired in HIBD rats since they spent much less time in the quadrant where the hidden platform was previously located (sham: n = 10, 28.8 ± 2.7 s; sham + TsI: n = 10, 26.4 ± 1.8 s, p > 0.05 vs. sham; HIBD + saline: n = 10, 14.5 ± 3.6 s, p < 0.01 vs. sham; Fig. 2b). As expected, TsI treatment significantly increased the time spent in the target quadrant compared with the HIBD group (HIBD + TsI: n = 11, 24.0 ± 2.1 s, p < 0.05 vs. HIBD + saline, p > 0.05 vs. sham; Fig. 2b). Additionally, the results of latency to cross the location of hidden platform (sham: n = 10, 10.2 ± 3.3 s; sham + TsI: n = 10, 12.8 ± 4.8 s, p > 0.05 vs. sham; HIBD + saline: n = 10, 43.8 ± 7.0 s, p < 0.01 vs. sham; HIBD + TsI: n = 11, 15.8 ± 3.4 s, p > 0.05 vs. sham, p < 0.01 vs. HIBD + saline; Fig. 2c) and the number of crossing the location of hidden platform (sham: n = 10, 3.0 ± 0.4; sham + TsI: n = 10, 2.1 ± 0.4, p > 0.05 vs. sham; HIBD + saline: n = 10, 0.8 ± 0.3, p < 0.01 vs. sham; HIBD + TsI: n = 11, 2.5 ± 0.3, p > 0.05 vs. sham, p < 0.01 vs. HIBD + saline; Fig. 2d) further confirmed that spatial memory retrieval was impaired after HIBD, and TsI treatment succeeded in preventing this impairment.
To further determine the therapeutic effects of TsI on HIBD, we treated the rats with TsI daily for 7 days and the first injection was carried out immediately after HIBD. Four weeks after HIBD, the Morris water maze test was performed. As shown in Fig. 3, the protective effects of TsI on spatial learning and memory in HIBD rats were similar to those that found in pretreatment of TsI, as reflected by an obvious decrease in the latency to the platform, compared with saline treatment (HIBD + TsI: n = 7, p < 0.05 vs. HIBD + saline; Fig. 3b) during spatial training period. Although the time spent in the target quadrant among these groups was no significant difference (sham: n = 6, 22.5 ± 2.1 s; sham + TsI: n = 7, 27.1 ± 2.4 s, p > 0.05 vs. sham; HIBD + saline: n = 6, 16.1 ± 1.8 s, p > 0.05 vs. sham; HIBD + TsI: n = 7, 20.9 ± 2.3 s, p > 0.05 vs. sham, p > 0.05 vs. HIBD + saline; Fig. 3c), the latency to cross the location of hidden platform (sham: n = 6, 15.3 ± 4.9 s; sham + TsI: n = 7, 10.1 ± 2.4 s, p > 0.05 vs. sham; HIBD + saline: n = 6, 36.8 ± 7.8 s, p < 0.01 vs. sham; HIBD + TsI: n = 7, 16.8 ± 3.2 s, p > 0.05 vs. sham, p < 0.05 vs. HIBD + saline; Fig. 3d) and the number of crossing the location of hidden platform (sham: n = 6, 2.8 ± 0.4; sham + TsI: n = 7, 2.3 ± 0.4, p > 0.05 vs. sham; HIBD + saline: n = 6, 1.2 ± 0.3, p < 0.01 vs. sham; HIBD + TsI: n = 7, 2.3 ± 0.3, p > 0.05 vs. sham, p < 0.05 vs. HIBD + saline; Fig. 3e) showed that spatial memory retrieval was impaired after HIBD, and TsI treatment succeeded in preventing this impairment.
Taken together, these results suggest that systemic administration of TsI either pretreatment or immediately after HIBD is able to prevent the HIBD-induced impairment of spatial learning and memory.
The number of NeuN-immunoreactive neurons was examined to confirm the neuroprotective effects of TsI on pyramidal neurons after hypoxic-ischemic insult in the CA1 area of hippocampus. The results showed that the number of NeuN-immunoreactive neurons in the CA1 area dramatically decreased in the HIBD group compared with the sham group, and administration of TsI significantly suppressed the decrease of NeuN-immunoreactive neurons (sham: n = 4; sham + TsI: n = 4, 108.0 ± 3.5% sham, p > 0.05 vs. sham; HIBD + saline: n = 6, 63.5 ± 3.2% sham, p < 0.01 vs. sham; HIBD + TsI: n = 5, 96.9 ± 8.1% sham, p > 0.05 vs. sham, p < 0.01 vs. HIBD + saline; Fig. 4).
It has been well known that oxidative injury plays an important role in pathogenesis of HIE , and TsI has been shown to exert antioxidant action in various experimental models both in vitro [33, 34] and in vivo [35, 36]. We therefore wanted to determine whether the reduction of neuron loss in HIBD rats treated with TsI could be attributed to its suppressing effect on oxidative stress. As shown in Fig. 5, a significant decrease in the production of antioxidants including T-AOC, GSH, CAT and T-SOD was observed in HIBD group. However, compared with saline treatment, TsI dramatically rescued the T-AOC (sham: n = 11, sham + TsI: n = 11, 99.5 ± 2.3% sham, p > 0.05 vs. sham; HIBD + saline: n = 12, 86.9 ± 2.1% sham, p < 0.05 vs. sham; HIBD + TsI: n = 13, 99.4 ± 2.5% sham, p > 0.05 vs. sham, p < 0.05 vs. HIBD + saline; Fig. 5a), GSH (sham: n = 8, sham + TsI: n = 8, 110.2 ± 13.3% sham, p > 0.05 vs. sham; HIBD + saline: n = 8, 55.8 ± 5.2% sham, p < 0.01 vs. sham; HIBD + TsI: n = 8, 90.1 ± 6.3% sham, p > 0.05 vs. sham, p < 0.01 vs. HIBD + saline; Fig. 5b), CAT (sham: n = 9, sham + TsI: n = 10, 105.1 ± 9.8% sham, p > 0.05 vs. sham; HIBD + saline: n = 10, 74.4 ± 3.7% sham, p < 0.01 vs. sham; HIBD + TsI: n = 12, 94.0 ± 3.5% sham, p > 0.05 vs. sham, p < 0.05 vs. HIBD + saline; Fig. 5c) and T-SOD (sham: n = 8, sham + TsI: n = 7, 101.8 ± 3.1% sham, p > 0.05 vs. sham; HIBD + saline: n = 8, 85.4 ± 5.2% sham, p < 0.01 vs. sham; HIBD + TsI: n = 7, 107.0 ± 4.6% sham, p > 0.05 vs. sham, p < 0.01 vs. HIBD + saline; Fig. 5d) activity following HIBD in the brain.
Meanwhile, as shown in Fig. 6, a significant increase in the production of pro-oxidants including H2O2, TNOS and iNOS was observed in HIBD group. As expected, TsI dramatically suppressed the increase of H2O2 (sham: n = 10, sham + TsI: n = 10, 90.9 ± 7.9% sham, p > 0.05 vs. sham; HIBD + saline: n = 12, 132.7 ± 10.5% sham, p < 0.01 vs. sham; HIBD + TsI: n = 12, 109.0 ± 6.8% sham, p > 0.05 vs. sham, p < 0.05 vs. HIBD + saline; Fig. 6a), TNOS (sham: n = 11, sham + TsI: n = 9, 99.4 ± 3.6% sham, p > 0.05 vs. sham; HIBD + saline: n = 11, 133.0 ± 3.7% sham, p < 0.01 vs. sham; HIBD + TsI: n = 13, 108.3 ± 5.6% sham, p > 0.05 vs. sham, p < 0.05 vs. HIBD + saline; Fig. 6b) and iNOS (sham: n = 10, sham + TsI: n = 10, 99.4 ± 16.3% sham, p > 0.05 vs. sham; HIBD + saline: n = 12, 140.3 ± 8.4% sham, p < 0.01 vs. sham; HIBD + TsI: n = 14, 102.7 ± 6.3% sham, p > 0.05 vs. sham, P < 0.01 vs. HIBD + saline; Fig. 6c) following HIBD in the brain, compared with saline treatment. These results indicate a powerful antioxidative capacity of TsI in HIBD rats.
In the present study, we demonstrate that TsI, a compound purified from the Chinese herb Danshen, suppresses the decrease of pyramidal neurons in the CA1 area of hippocampus, and alleviates the impairment of motor and spatial learning and memory functions in the neonatal rats subjected to HIBD. We further confirm that the beneficial effects of TsI on HIBD rats are associated with the increase of antioxidant activity. We have therefore provided evidence that TsI may suppress HIBD-induced oxidative stress and subsequently block the loss of pyramidal neurons in the CA1 area of hippocampus, thereby ameliorating motor and cognitive decline.
The dried root of Salvia miltiorrhiza, called Danshen in China, has been used effectively for the treatment of many diseases, especially ischemic cardiovascular disease in aging people for over 1000 years . Previous study has indicated that Danshen is able to dilate cerebral arteries, increase cerebral blood flow, inhibit oxidative stress and reduce neuronal death induced by ischemia . In addition, a growing body of evidence has shown that the major lipophilic diterpenes derived from Danshen extract, such as CTs, DTsI, TsI, TsIIA and TsIIB, have neuroprotective effects against transient ischemic damage in different adult animal models including gerbils , rats  and mice [22, 23]. Recent studies have reported that TsIIA treatment is significantly protective for hypoxia-ischemia in the immature rat [25, 26]. Similar to TsIIA, we here found that treatment with TsI markedly suppressed the loss of pyramidal neurons induced by hypoxia-ischemia in the CA1 region of hippocampus (Fig. 4). However, the dose of TsI we used in the present study was 5 mg/kg/day, which is much lower than TsIIA (10 mg/kg/day) used in previous study , suggesting that TsI may be more effective than TsII for treating HIBD.
The neuronal loss induced by hypoxia-ischemia is usually associated with the deficits of motor and cognitive functions both in animal models and in patients [37–39]. Excitedly, recent study has revealed that TsI is able to ameliorate the learning and memory impairments induced by a GABAA receptor agonist diazepam, or an NMDA receptor antagonist MK-801, in adult mice . However, so far no study to examine the influence of TsI on motor and learning and memory functions in immature animals after hypoxia-ischemia. In the current study, we found that TsI could rescue myodynamia and motor deficits (Fig. 1), and alleviate the spatial learning and memory impairments (Figs. 2 and 3) in neonatal HIBD model rats. Combined with previous report , we can therefore conclude that TsI has the ability to ameliorate the learning and memory impairments in both adult and neonatal animals.
Although HIBD is a complex multifactorial disease, a growing body of evidence has shown that oxidative damage to vital cellular structures plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of brain damage in both the immature and mature nervous system [6, 41, 42]. Several studies have indicated that TsI is able to exert antioxidative and antiapoptotic effects in cellular and mouse model of Parkinson's disease (PD) [18, 19, 43]. In full agreement with these findings, we here found that treatment with TsI markedly reversed the decrease of antioxidants and the increase of pro-oxidants induced by HIBD in neonatal rats (Figs. 5 and 6). The exact underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms remain to be determined, but may be at least in part due to the up-regulating effects of TsI on nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), since previous studies have supported that the antioxidation of TsI is involved in Nrf2 signaling pathway both in vitro and in mouse model of PD [43, 44]. Thus, future experiments examining Nrf2 signaling pathway in neonatal HIBD animals with or without TsI treatment will help determine whether the therapeutic effects of TsI in neonatal HIBD rats can be attributed to its up-regulation of Nrf2. Furthermore, some studies have reported that the activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) promotes cell survival via attenuating reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as NOS, H2O2, et al. [45, 46], and increasing the expression of antioxidant proteins, such as GSH, SOD, catalase, and so on [47–49]. Here, we found that TsI significantly promoted the expression of antioxidant proteins and suppressed the expression of pro-oxidants (Figs. 5 and 6). However, further studies would be necessary to elucidate the full mechanism whether TsI produces neuroprotection via activating NF-κB signaling pathway.
In summary, these data provide the first evidence that TsI treatment suppresses HIBD-induced neuronal death and oxidative stress, thereby ameliorating myodynamia and motor abilities as well as spatial learning and memory in neonatal rats after HIBD, an animal model of HIE in patient, suggesting that TsI may represent a potentially effective therapeutic drug for HIE.
We thank Dr. Yu Tian Wang from the University of British Columbia for discussion and support.
This work was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 81571042 and 81,622,015), the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2014CB548100) and Graduate student Innovation Project of Chongqing (Grant No. CYB17103).
CD carried out the behavioral and immunohistochemical studies, and drafted the manuscript. YL carried out the ELISA assays. ZD conceived of the study, and participated in its design and coordination and helped to draft the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
All procedures were performed in accordance with Chongqing Science and Technology Commission guidelines for animal research and approved by the Chongqing Medical University Animal Care Committee, and every effort was made to minimize both the animal suffering and the number of animals used.
The authors have declares that they have no competing interests.


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Initiative Seminar Digitalisation
Chalmers DigiLab for schools
Digitalisation - opportunities and challenges
Opportunities for the digital welfare state
Darja Isaksson comes to our Initiative seminar to speak about digitalisation of the welfare state. Don't miss it, register for the seminar today.
Blockchain – Trust for the 21st Century?
A challenge of today is to develop reliable technology that can bring trust to our increasingly digital society. Can the Blockchain technology rise to the challenge, asks Catherine Mulligan from Imperial College, at our initiative seminar.
"We are neither online nor offline, but onlife"
These are the words of Professor Luciano Floridi, keynote speaker at our initiative seminar on Digitalisation, in March. We asked him to introduce his upcoming talk.
Our Software-Driven world
We are living in the most exciting time in the history of mankind. This is the message from Jan Bosch, Professor of Software Engineering, who will give a presentation at the initiative seminar on Digitalisation in March 2017.
Initiative seminar Digitalisation - Opportunities and Challenges
Thank you everyone who participated in our event!
The presentation slides can be found on this page >>
The videos from the two days are available here >>
Photos from our event >>
Photos from Chalmers DigiLab event for schools >>
Digitalisation is the greatest transformational force of society of today. The digital revolution has radically, fundamentally and globally changed society and continues to do so. It affects how people interact and relate to each other, how we perceive things, how we take on tasks and how we find solutions. Digitalisation leads to a transformation of society's most important elements – growth, innovation, welfare, sustainability, security and democracy.
The opportunities that open up are extensive; increased level of service, automation and artificial intelligence, reduced environmental impact, more efficient processes in the industrial and service sectors and simplified everyday life.
At the same time, digitalisation brings many new challenges. A sustainable digitalisation requires capable handling of issues relating to privacy, security, energy consumption, as well as issues related to the transition that takes place when jobs disappear due to automation.
To meet the challenges and create a sustainable future we require knowledge and close collaboration between the various actors in society. Our initiative seminar Digitalisation – opportunities and challenges, bring together experts from research, industry and the public sector to discuss the digitalisation progress and its potential consequences. Prominent researchers, experts and managers from industry and society will present and discuss perspectives on digitalisation, future, threats and promises for the society of today and tomorrow. A broad audience from academia, industry and the public sector are invited to the seminar.
The two day seminar will be organised in four themes offering additional perspectives on digitalisation:
Automated society
Digital sustainability
Our digital natives
Our initiative seminar will also offer activities for school children.
The initiative seminar is a non-commercial arrangements by Chalmers Area of Advance Information and Communication Technology. The seminar is free of charge for participants.
#digichalmers
Welcome to Chalmers 15-16 March 2017!
The Organizing Committee:
Ivica Crnkovic, Professor, Software Engineering
Urban Nuldén, Associate Professor, Applied Information Technology
Morten Fjeld, Professor, Interaction Design
David Sands, Professor, Software Technology
Jan Smith, Professor, Computer Science
Giuseppe Durisi, Associate Professor, Information theory
Elisabeth "Lotta" Kegel, Administrative officer
Malin Ulfvarson, Communications officer
Published: Thu 25 Aug 2016. Modified: Wed 29 Mar 2017
5G – a game changer
Sara Mazur, Head of Research at Ericsson will speak at our Initiative seminar on Digitalisation. She will share her insights of how 5G technologies will deliver very capable and secure solutions for an ever-changing world.
Do you trust an automatic translation?
Automatic translations has had a rapid development and exceeds by far the expectations from just a few years ago. But still, will they ever become reliable enough for professional purposes, asks Prof Aarne Ranta, at our seminar on Digitalisation in March.
Democracy under threat
Can we trust the news, the media or even the voting systems? Many problems arise from insecurities in digital technologies, says Peter Ryan – keynote speaker at the initiative seminar.
Automated Society – a contradiction in terms
Digital transformation will lead to a huge number of today's activities to be done without human decision, or through a different sort of decision making. However, our society cannot be automated, claims Ulrich Sendler, at the initiative seminar in March.