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Results for 'Bernard Guenée' (try it on Scholar)
1000+ found
Memoirs of Fellows and Corresponding Fellows of the Medieval Academy of America.Alan E. Bernstein, Giles Constable, William J. Courtenay, János Bak, Pawel Dobrowolski, Richard C. Hoffmann, Edward Grant, Marcia L. Colish, Bryce D. Lyon, David Nicholas, Walter Prevenier, Bernard Guenée, John Hine Mundy & Thomas N. Bisson - 2002 - Speculum 77 (3):1044-1052.details
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Claude Bernard, Rationalit'e d'Une M'ethode.Pierre Gendron & Claude Bernard - 1992details
Claude Bernard's Revised Edition of His "Introduction a l'Etude de la Medecine Experimentale".Claude Bernard & Paul Cranefield - 1979 - Journal of the History of Biology 12 (1):210-210.details
History of Biology in Philosophy of Biology
Philosophy of Medicine in Philosophy of Science, Misc
Claude Bernard Extraits de Son Oeuvre.Claude Bernard - 1947 - Presses Universitaires de France.details
Henri Bergson in 20th Century Philosophy
Einführung in Das Studium der Experimentellen Medizin . Ins Deutsche Übertragen von Paul Szendrö Und Biographisch Eingeführt Und Kommentiert von Karl E. Rothschuh. Mit Einem Anhang: Zur Bibliographie des Schrifttums von Und Über Claude Bernard, von Rudolph Zaunick. [REVIEW]Claude Bernard, Karl Ed Rothschuh & Rudolph Zaunick - 1961 - Barth.details
Kant's Kritik of Judgment, Tr. With Intr. And Notes by J.H. Bernard.Immanuel Kant & John Henry Bernard - 1914details
Immanuel Kant in 17th/18th Century Philosophy
Kant: Aesthetics in 17th/18th Century Philosophy
Tribunaux et gens de justice dans le bailliage de Senlis à la fin du moyen 'ge. Bernard Guenée.Joseph R. Strayer - 1964 - Speculum 39 (3):527-528.details
Memoirs of Fellows and Corresponding Fellows of the Medieval Academy of America: Bernard Guenée.John W. Baldwin, Elizabeth Ar Brown & Fredric L. Cheyette - 2011 - Speculum 86 (3):863-865.details
States and Rulers in Later Medieval Europe : Bernard Guenée, Trans. Juliet Vale , Xviii + 322 Pp., £25.00. [REVIEW]Cary Nederman - 1986 - History of European Ideas 7 (6):689-691.details
History in Social Sciences
Medieval Studies in Arts and Humanities
L'Occident aux XIVe et XVe siècles: Les États. Bernard Guenée.Archibald R. Lewis - 1972 - Speculum 47 (4):765-766.details
Philippe Henwood, ed., Les collections du trésor royal sous le règne de Charles VI (1380–1422): L'inventaire de 1400. Foreword by Bernard Guenée. (Histoire, 18.) Paris: Comité des Travaux Historiques et Scientifiques, 2004. Paper. Pp. 506; 3 color figures and tables. €32. [REVIEW]Brigitte Buettner - 2006 - Speculum 81 (2):529-530.details
Entre l'église et l'état: Quatre vies de prélats français à la fin du moyen 'ge . Bernard Guenée.Howard Kaminsky - 1989 - Speculum 64 (2):439-440.details
Histoire Et Culture Historique Dans l'Occident Médiéval. Par Bernard Guenée. [REVIEW]G. B. G. B. - 1983 - History and Theory 22 (3):337.details
Philosophy of History in Philosophy of Social Science
Does Philosophy Have a Vindicatory History? Bernard Williams on the History of Philosophy.Matthieu Queloz - 2017 - Studia Philosophica: The Swiss Journal of Philosophy 76:137-51.details
This paper develops Bernard Williams's suggestion that for philosophy to ignore its history is for it to assume that its history is vindicatory. The paper aims to offer a fruitful line of inquiry into the question whether philosophy has a vindicatory history by providing a map of possible answers to it. It first distinguishes three types of history: the history of discovery, the history of progress, and the history of change. It then suggests that much of philosophy lacks a (...) vindicatory history, for reasons that reflect philosophy's character as a humanistic discipline. On this basis, the paper reconstructs Williams's conception of what it means for philosophy to engage with its own history. The paper concludes that it is a mistake to think that a vindicatory history is what we would really like to have, and that in fact, the resulting picture gives philosophy several reasons to engage with its own history. (shrink)
20th Century Analytic Philosophy, Misc in 20th Century Philosophy
Bernard Williams in 20th Century Philosophy
Metaphilosophy, Misc in Metaphilosophy
"Man-Machines and Embodiment: From Cartesian Physiology to Claude Bernard's 'Living Machine'".Charles T. Wolfe & Philippe Huneman - forthcoming - In Justin E. H. Smith (ed.), Embodiment, Oxford Philosophical Concepts. Oxford University Press.details
A common and enduring early modern intuition is that materialists reduce organisms in general and human beings in particular to automata. Wasn't a famous book of the time entitled L'Homme-Machine? In fact, the machine is employed as an analogy, and there was a specifically materialist form of embodiment, in which the body is not reduced to an inanimate machine, but is conceived as an affective, flesh-and-blood entity. We discuss how mechanist and vitalist models of organism exist in a more complementary (...) relation than hitherto imagined, with conceptions of embodiment resulting from experimental physiology. From La Mettrie to Bernard, mechanism, body and embodiment are constantly overlapping, modifying and overdetermining one another; embodiment came to be scientifically addressed under the successive figures of vie organique and then milieu intérieur, thereby overcoming the often lamented divide between scientific image and living experience. (shrink)
17th/18th Century French Philosophy in 17th/18th Century Philosophy
19th Century French Philosophy in 19th Century Philosophy
Organisms in Philosophy of Biology
René Descartes in 17th/18th Century Philosophy
Systematic Biology in Philosophy of Biology
Introduction to Beauvoir's "Analysis of Claude Bernard's Introduction to the Study of Experimental Medicine".Margaret A. Simons & Helene N. Peters - 2004 - In Margaret A. Simons, Marybeth Timmermann & Mary Beth Mader (eds.), Philosophical Writings. University of Illinois Press. pp. 15-22.details
In December 1924 when Simone de Beauvoir almost certainly wrote her essay analyzing Claude Bernard's "Introduction to the Study of Experimental Medicine," a classic text in the philosophy of science, she was a 16 yr old student in a senior-level philosophy class at a private Catholic girls' school. Given the popular conception of existentialism as anti science, Beauvoir's early interest in science, reflected in her baccalaureate successes as well as her paper on Bernard, may be surprising. But her (...) enthusiasm for Bernard is unmistakable. We have identified three themes in Beauvoir's essay that reappear in her later work, including the valuing of philosophical doubt. (shrink)
Simone de Beauvoir in Continental Philosophy
Is Knowledge What It Claims to Be? Bernard Williams and the Absolute Conception.John Tillson - 2013 - Educational Philosophy and Theory 45 (8):860-873.details
As a response to what I see as the challenge posed by constructivist and narrative pedagogies, this paper seeks to sympathetically reconstruct Bernard Williams' Absolute Conception from the scattered texts in which he briefly sketched it While ultimately defending the Absolute Conception or something close enough to it, the paper criticizes and distances itself from some aspects of Williams' version, notably his conception of philosophy as insurmountably perspectival. Williams' understanding of perspectival knowledge as contrasted to absolute knowledge is illustrated (...) with the concrete, if fictional case of the Dr Manhattan character from Zack Snyder's Watchmen (2009). Adrian Moore's reading, and Hilary Putnam's criticisms of Williams' Absolute Conception are amongst the positions engaged with. (shrink)
Philosophy of Education in Philosophy of Social Science
Claude Bernard, Charles Darwin y los dos modos fundamentales de interrogar lo viviente.Gustavo Caponi - 2010 - Principia.details
Research in modern biology has largely been developed according to two main ways of inquiry, as they were outlined by Charles Darwin and Claude Bernard. Each stands for a specific approach to the living corresponding to two different methodological rules: the principle of natural selection and the principle of causation.
Causation in Biology in Philosophy of Biology
Natural Selection in Philosophy of Biology
Bernard Manin lector de la democracia antigua.Francisco Manuel Carballo Rodríguez - 2018 - Logos. Anales Del Seminario de Metafísica [Universidad Complutense de Madrid, España] 51:157-174.details
Este artículo analiza las fuentes que Bernard Manin recupera de la filosofía antigua y sobre las que sustenta los argumentos de una parte de su teoría política, contenida fundamentalmente en su obra: _Los principios del gobierno representativo_. Tanto en sus reflexiones como en el diálogo con otros, Manin volverá en ocasiones, casi siempre de forma poco explícita, a lecturas de la democracia ateniense sobre las que surgen controversias por el sentido de su trabajo, manteniendo de ese modo su vigencia (...) para la comprensión del presente. En este artículo se mostrará que tanto el autor como su obra están atravesados por una tensión intelectual de un marcado carácter filosófico y político y que, entre dicha tensión y las disputas por una definición de qué es una buena democracia, se dibuja un espacio que arroja luz sobre tales controversias. Las controversias, concluiremos, no son resultado de malos entendidos; o si lo son, cobran sentido en el propio texto de Bernard Manin. (shrink)
Metontology , Moral Particularism, and the "Art of Existing:" A Dialogue Between Heidegger, Aristotle, and Bernard Williams. [REVIEW]Lauren Freeman - 2010 - Continental Philosophy Review 43 (4):545-568.details
An important shift occurs in Martin Heidegger's thinking one year after the publication of Being and Time , in the Appendix to the Metaphysical Foundations of Logic . The shift is from his project of fundamental ontology—which provides an existential analysis of human existence on an ontological level—to metontology . Metontology is a neologism that refers to the ontic sphere of human experience and to the regional ontologies that were excluded from Being and Time. It is within metontology, Heidegger states, (...) that "the question of ethics may be raised for the first time." This paper makes explicit both Heidegger's argument for metontology , and the relation between metontology and ethics. In examining what he means by "the art of existing," the paper argues that there is an ethical dimension to Heidegger's thinking that corresponds to a moderate form of moral particularism. In order to justify this position, a comparative analysis is made between Heidegger, Aristotle, and Bernard Williams. (shrink)
20th Century Continental Philosophy, Misc in 20th Century Philosophy
Continental Ethics in Continental Philosophy
Martin Heidegger in Continental Philosophy
Moral Particularism in Meta-Ethics
The Early Reception of Bernard Williams' Reduplication Argument.Andrea Sauchelli - 2017 - Archiv für Geschichte der Philosophie 99 (3):326-345.details
The reduplication argument advanced by Bernard Williams in 1956 has greatly stimulated the contemporary debate on personal identity. The argument relies on a famous thought experiment that, although not new in the history of philosophy, has engaged some of the most influential contemporary philosophers on the topic. I propose here an interpretation of the argument and a reconstruction of the early reception that Williams' paper had in the 6 years immediately after its publication. The works discussed include papers by (...) C. B. Martin, G. C. Nerlich, R. Coburn, and J. M. Shorter. (shrink)
Persons, Misc in Metaphysics
Physical and Animalist Theories Of Personal Identity in Metaphysics
Psychological Theories of Personal Identity in Metaphysics
Thought Experiments in Personal Identity in Metaphysics
St. Bernard: Apology and Architectural Art.Andrey Ivanov - 2012 - Trans/Form/Ação 35 (s1):179-186.details
Este artigo busca expor as críticas de Bernardo de Claraval às superfluidades humanas no texto da Apologia, especialmente aquelas referentes à arte arquitetural. Em segundo lugar, procura analisar as implicações estéticas do ascetismo cisterciense e bernardiano. As críticas de Bernardo exercem uma influência decisiva na ornamentação e fazem nascer uma nova arquitetura. This paper is to expose the criticism of human superfluities at Bernard of Clairvaux in the text of the Apology, especially those related to architectural art. Secondly, analyzes (...) the aesthetic implications of cistercian and bernardian asceticism. Criticism of Bernard exercise a decisive influence on ornamentation and give birth to a new architecture. (shrink)
11/12th Century Philosophy, Misc in Medieval and Renaissance Philosophy
Philosophy of Specific Arts in Aesthetics
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Transcendence above immanence: the Soul in mysticism of Bernard of Clairvaux (1090-1153).Ricardo Da Costa - 2009 - Anales Del Seminario de Historia de la Filosofía 26:97-105.details
This work will examine the concept of soul developed in mysticism of abbot Bernard of Clairvaux (1090-1153). For this, I will analyze extracts of five writings namely the Third Series of Sentences, three of his Liturgical Sermons, and the parabola The Three Children of the King.
Bernard Smith's Formalesque and the End of the History of Art.Jim Berryman - 2014 - Thesis Eleven 123 (1):3-16.details
The concept of the Formalesque preoccupied Bernard Smith during the last decades of his life. First propounded in Modernism's History (1998), the Formalesque is a proposed period style describing the art of the 20th century. Yet, despite his ambitions for the Formalesque as a new classification for modern art, the idea failed to appeal to academic art history. This paper does not attempt to salvage the Formalesque from art-historical obscurity. But it does argue Smith's work on this topic is (...) relevant by virtue of the contribution it makes to debates about modernism and art history. Although Smith's thesis emphasizes the necessity of period styles and the perennial development of art history, paradoxically, the Formalesque also highlights the limitations of art history. If the Formalesque has a place in art historiography, it belongs to a speculative discourse describing the end of the history of art. (shrink)
Aesthetics and Culture, Misc in Aesthetics
Visual Arts in Arts and Humanities
Interpreting Bernard Lonergan's General Theory of Economic Dynamics: Does It Complete Hayek, Keynes and Schumpeter?Eileen De Neeve - 2010 - Journal of Macrodynamic Analysis 5:94-113.details
The paper reviews links between Bernard Lonergan's theory of innovative economic growth and cycles, and the ideas of Friedrich Hayek, John Maynard Keynes, and Joseph Schumpeter. They were contemporary economists, who remain influential today. For Lonergan, although markets define what is bought and sold in an exchange economy, production decisions are more fundamental. These decisions are choices about the direction of development, the standard of living, and variations in the distribution of wealth in a modern society. The paper shows (...) how Lonergan's pure cycle theory extends mainstream theory to include a broader view of human behaviour and choice. (shrink)
History of Economics in Philosophy of Social Science
On Bernard Bosanquet's "The Reality of the General Will".Robert Stern - 2014 - Ethics 125 (1):192-195,.details
This article is a discussion of Bernard Bosanquet's paper 'The Reality of the General Will', in which its main arguments and motivations are explained. His position is compared to Rousseau's on the general will.
19th Century British Philosophy, Misc in 19th Century Philosophy
Condorcet in 17th/18th Century Philosophy
Democracy, Misc in Social and Political Philosophy
Jean-Jacques Rousseau in 17th/18th Century Philosophy
Bernard Williams: Essays and Reviews 1959–2002. [REVIEW]Jake Wojtowicz - 2016 - Ethical Theory and Moral Practice 19 (4):1073-1074.details
A Review of Bernard Williams's Essays and Reviews.
Moral Psychology in Normative Ethics
What Can an Egoist Say Against an Egoist? On Archibald Campbell's Criticisms of Bernard Mandeville.Christian Maurer - 2014 - Journal of Scottish Philosophy 12 (1):1-18.details
Like Bernard Mandeville, Archibald Campbell develops a profoundly egoistic conception of human psychology. However, Campbell attacks numerous points in Mandeville's moral philosophy, in particular Mandeville's treatment of self-love, the desire for esteem, and human nature in general as corrupt. He also criticises Mandeville's corresponding insistence on self-denial and his rigorist conception of luxury. Campbell himself is subsequently attacked by Scottish orthodox Calvinists - not for his egoism, but for his optimism regarding postlapsarian human nature and self-love. This episode demonstrates (...) that the debates on egoism in Mandeville should be seen in the context of the debates on postlapsarian human nature. (shrink)
17th/18th Century British Philosophy, Misc in 17th/18th Century Philosophy
Bernard Mandeville in 17th/18th Century Philosophy
Bernard Miege, Societatea cucerita de comunicare/ Society Conquered by Communication.Robert Arnautu - 2004 - Journal for the Study of Religions and Ideologies 3 (9):144-147.details
Bernard Miege, Societatea cucerita de comunicare Ed. Polirom, Iasi, 2004.
Riflessione e individuo in Bernard Williams.Lorenzo Greco - 2012 - Iride: Filosofia e Discussione Pubblica 25 (65):103-118.details
This essay deals with a set of distinctive themes in the thought of Bernard Williams, and focuses on two aspects they all have in common. These are, on the one hand, the idea that the philosophical enterprise is intrinsically reflective in nature, and, on the other, a preoccupation with human beings singly regarded as individuals. By bringing these two constants to the fore, individually and in their interrelations, the essay formulates the general lines of an alternative reading of Williams, (...) revealing a more unitary understanding of his philosophy than has hitherto been allowed. (shrink)
Mister Bixby, Monsieur Bernard, and Some Other 19th Century Scientist–Philosophers on Knowledge-Based Actions.Ulrich Charpa - 2006 - Journal for General Philosophy of Science / Zeitschrift für Allgemeine Wissenschaftstheorie 37 (2):257 - 268.details
Following Mr. Bixby and some other 19th century scientist-philosophers such as Claude Bernard, relevant scientific actions should, as a matter of primary importance, be explained with reference to the competence and not to the intentions of those involved. The background is a reliabilist virtue approach - a widespread tendency in 19th century epistemology and philosophy of science. Bixby's approach includes a critique of some constructivist arguments and establishes a mutually supportive connection to conceptions of scientific progress.
Theories and Models in General Philosophy of Science
Justifying Morality, Part I: Bernard Gert's Justification.Timm Triplett - 2011 - Journal of Value Inquiry 45 (3):299-308.details
Bernard Gert claims that the project of justifying morality is "the primary task" of his major work, Morality: Its Nature and Justification. However, the arguments for and the point of his justification are not entirely clear. Unfortunately, critical work on Gert's theory of morality has not included detailed attention to his attempt to justify morality. Part I of this two-part essay offers a systematic examination and assessment of Gert's justification. It is argued that Gert's justification is successful, but limited (...) in its scope. (shrink)
Experimenting with Styles of Living: Bernard, Canguilhem and Type 2 Diabetes Education. [REVIEW]Anders Kruse Ljungdalh - 2013 - Journal of Medical Humanities 34 (3):369-383.details
The paper links a debate in the history of medical science between statistics and the experimental method with contemporary diabetes educational practices. An empirical example of a tension between neglect and concern in diabetes self-regulation frames the subsequent theoretical discussion between first, Claude Bernard and statistics and afterwards, Georges Canguilhem as a correlative to Bernard. Through these philosophers of medical science a connection between the experimental method and education is demonstrated. Finally, a case description of an experimental approach (...) to alcohol and experimentation frames and highlights the educational aspect of the methodological discussion. (shrink)
Biomedical Ethics in Applied Ethics
Physique Et Réalité Un Débat Avec Bernard D'espagnat.Michel Bitbol, Bernard D' Espagnat & Sandra Laugier - 1997details
Transformation and Tradition in the Sciences Essays in Honor of I. Bernard Cohen.I. Bernard Cohen & Everett Mendelsohn - 1984details
Guides for the Journey: John Macmurray, Bernard Lonergan, and James Fowler.David G. Creamer - 1996 - Upa.details
Guides for the Journey is an introduction to the lives and thoughts of three significant thinkers: John Macmurray, Bernard Lonergan, and James Fowler. The book shows how their work is helpful in interpreting our lives and the world in which we live. Written for the introductory student or reader, this book makes Macmurray, Lonergan, and Fowler's work more accessible and is the first book to actually compare the thought of the three. Throughout the book, quotations from their writings help (...) the reader to absorb and appreciate the texture and meaning of their work. Readers are not presumed to be familiar with philosophy or the meaning of technical terms used. An index and a glossary of names and key terms provide easy reference tools. Endnotes and a bibliography will stimulate further reading on the subject. Guides for the Journey is highly appropriate for university courses in religion as well as religious workshops and lectures. Contents: List of Tables; Preface; Acknowledgments; Introduction; Endnotes; John Macmurray ; Endnotes; Macmurray's Characterization of the Personal Life; Endnotes; Bernard Lonergan; Endnotes; Lonergan's Understanding of Understanding; Endnotes; James Fowler ; Endnotes; Fowler's Faith Development Theory; Endnotes; A Summing Up; Endnotes; Glossary; Bibliography; Index. (shrink)
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Bernard Lonergan and the Community of Canadians an Essay in Aid of Canadian Identity.Frederick E. Crowe, Bernard J. F. Lonergan, Lonergan Research Institute & Canadian Institute of Jesuit Studies - 1992details
Einsicht in Insight Bernard J.F. Lonergans Kritisch-Realistische Wissenschafts- Und Erkenntnistheorie.Philipp Fluri & Bernard J. F. Lonergan - 1988details
Creativity and Method Essays in Honor of Bernard Lonergan, S.J.Matthew L. Lamb & Bernard J. F. Lonergan - 1981details
Bryan Magee Talks to Bernard Williams About Descartes.Bryan Magee, Bernard Arthur Owen Williams, Inc Bbc Education & Training, B. B. C. Worldwide Americas & Films for the Humanities - 1987 - Films for the Humanities & Sciences.details
Ethics in Value Theory, Miscellaneous
Bernard Williams on Regarding One's Own Action Purely Externally.Jake Wojtowicz - 2018 - Journal of the American Philosophical Association 4 (1):49-66.details
I explore what BernardWilliams means by regarding one's action 'purely externally, as one might regard anyone else's action', and how it links to regret and agent-regret. I suggest some ways that we might understand the external view: as a failure to recognize what one has done, in terms of Williams's distinction between intrinsic and extrinsic luck, and as akin to Thomas Nagel's distinction between an internal and external view. I argue that none of these captures what Williams was getting at (...) because they do not allow one to take a view on one's action. I offer two alternative accounts. One turns around what we identify with, the other concerns what we care about. Both accounts capture how I might regret, rather than agent-regret, my own action. I demonstrate that these accounts can explain the relationship between an insurance payout and the external view, and they can explain the agent-relativity of agent-regret. (shrink)
Moral Luck in Normative Ethics
Responsibility and Emotion in Normative Ethics
World, Mind, and Ethics: Essays on the Ethical Philosophy of Bernard Williams.Bernard Williams (ed.) - 1995 - Cambridge University Press.details
This collection is a festschrift prepared for Williams on his retirement from the White's Professorship of Moral Philosophy at Oxford. The topics covered include equality, consistency, comparison between science and ethics, integrity, moral reasons, the moral system, and moral knowledge. Most of the chapters combine exegetical and critical ambitions. With contributions by J. E. J. Altham, Jon Elster, Nicholas Jardine, Ross Harrison, Christopher Hookway, John McDowell, Martin Hollis, Martha Nussbaum, Amartya Sen, and Charles Taylor, and replies by Bernard Williams.
Anti-Theory in Normative Ethics
Bernard Stiegler: 'A Rational Theory of Miracles: On Pharmacology and Transindividuation'.Bernard Stiegler, Ben Roberts, Jeremy Gilbert & Mark Hayward - unknowndetails
Bernard Stiegler interviewed by Ben Roberts, Jeremy Gilbert and Mark Hayward.
Poststructuralism in Continental Philosophy
Bernard Williams.Garrett Cullity - 2007 - In Stuart Brown (ed.), Dictionary of Twentieth-Century British Philosophers, Vol. 2. London: Thoemmes Continuum. pp. 1132-8.details
Autorité rhétorique: Claude Bernard et Émile du Bois-Reymond.Gabriel Finkelstein - 2012 - In Jean-Gäel Barbara & Pierre Corvol (eds.), Les élèves de Claude Bernard: Les nouvelles disciplines bernardiennes au tournant du XXe siècle. Paris, France: pp. 173-192.details
Professeur Finkelstein avait posée la question, pourquoi, bien que leurs réalisations scientifiques et leur scientifique approche soient similaires, Bernard était beaucoup plus connu dans son pays, France, et à son époque, que Bois-Reymond en Allemagne? Une question similaire a été posée au sujet du pourquoi Darwin est connu pour la théorie de l'évolution, tandis que Wallace a été remis en arrière-fond dans leur temps et dans l'histoire. Selon Finkelstein, la cause de la differences entre Bois-Reymond et Bernard, peut (...) être trouvée dans la culture et la place de la science dans l'œil public en France contre les memes choses en Allemagne. C'est-à-dire, la rhétorique de la science a été plus respectée en France qu'en Allemagne, ce que Finkelstein a soutenu avec persuasion et éloquence. (shrink)
History of Science, Misc in General Philosophy of Science
"After Tocqueville – the Curious Adventures of Bernard-Henri Lévy and Don Watson". [REVIEW]D. N. Byrne - 2013 - Australian Review of Public Affairs - Drawing Board 2013:1-5.details
Political Theory in Social and Political Philosophy
Bernard Walliser's Comment Raisonnent les Économistes: Les Fonctions des Modèles. Paris: Odile Jacob, 2011, 278 Pp. [REVIEW]Philippe Verreault-Julien - 2012 - Erasmus Journal for Philosophy and Economics 5 (2):144.details
Scientific Models, Misc in General Philosophy of Science
Bernard Bolzano. Theory of Science. Translated by Paul Rusnock and Rolf George. Four Volumes. Liii + 2,044 Pp., Figs., Bibl., Index. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2014. £300. [REVIEW]Antje Rumberg - 2016 - Isis 107 (4):854-856.details
An Introduction to the Philosophy of Bernard Lonergan.Hugo A. Meynell - 1978 - Philosophical Review 87 (2):281-283.details
20th Century German Philosophy in European Philosophy
Voir le monde par les affects : Bernard de Clairvaux et la voie monastique.Jean Leclercq - 2011 - Revue des Sciences Philosophiques Et Théologiques 95 (2):323-341.details
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text:
// Copyright 2013 The Chromium Authors. All rights reserved.
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
// found in the LICENSE file.

#include "components/nacl/browser/nacl_host_message_filter.h"

#include "base/sys_info.h"
#include "components/nacl/browser/nacl_browser.h"
#include "components/nacl/browser/nacl_file_host.h"
#include "components/nacl/browser/nacl_process_host.h"
#include "components/nacl/browser/pnacl_host.h"
#include "components/nacl/common/nacl_host_messages.h"
#include "content/public/browser/browser_thread.h"
#include "content/public/browser/plugin_service.h"
#include "content/public/browser/render_process_host.h"
#include "content/public/browser/web_contents.h"
#include "ipc/ipc_platform_file.h"
#include "net/url_request/url_request_context.h"
#include "net/url_request/url_request_context_getter.h"
#include "ppapi/shared_impl/ppapi_permissions.h"
#include "url/gurl.h"

namespace nacl {

namespace {

ppapi::PpapiPermissions GetNaClPermissions(
    uint32 permission_bits,
    content::BrowserContext* browser_context,
    const GURL& document_url) {
  // Only allow NaCl plugins to request certain permissions. We don't want
  // a compromised renderer to be able to start a nacl plugin with e.g. Flash
  // permissions which may expand the surface area of the sandbox.
  uint32 masked_bits = permission_bits & ppapi::PERMISSION_DEV;
  if (content::PluginService::GetInstance()->PpapiDevChannelSupported(
          browser_context, document_url))
    masked_bits |= ppapi::PERMISSION_DEV_CHANNEL;
  return ppapi::PpapiPermissions::GetForCommandLine(masked_bits);
}

ppapi::PpapiPermissions GetPpapiPermissions(uint32 permission_bits,
                                            int render_process_id,
                                            int render_view_id) {
  // We get the URL from WebContents from the RenderViewHost, since we don't
  // have a BrowserPpapiHost yet.
  content::RenderProcessHost* host =
      content::RenderProcessHost::FromID(render_process_id);
  content::RenderViewHost* view_host =
      content::RenderViewHost::FromID(render_process_id, render_view_id);
  if (!view_host)
    return ppapi::PpapiPermissions();
  GURL document_url;
  content::WebContents* contents =
      content::WebContents::FromRenderViewHost(view_host);
  if (contents)
    document_url = contents->GetLastCommittedURL();
  return GetNaClPermissions(permission_bits,
                            host->GetBrowserContext(),
                            document_url);
}

}  // namespace

NaClHostMessageFilter::NaClHostMessageFilter(
    int render_process_id,
    bool is_off_the_record,
    const base::FilePath& profile_directory,
    net::URLRequestContextGetter* request_context)
    : BrowserMessageFilter(NaClHostMsgStart),
      render_process_id_(render_process_id),
      off_the_record_(is_off_the_record),
      profile_directory_(profile_directory),
      request_context_(request_context),
      weak_ptr_factory_(this) {
}

NaClHostMessageFilter::~NaClHostMessageFilter() {
}

void NaClHostMessageFilter::OnChannelClosing() {
  pnacl::PnaclHost::GetInstance()->RendererClosing(render_process_id_);
}

bool NaClHostMessageFilter::OnMessageReceived(const IPC::Message& message) {
  bool handled = true;
  IPC_BEGIN_MESSAGE_MAP(NaClHostMessageFilter, message)
#if !defined(DISABLE_NACL)
    IPC_MESSAGE_HANDLER_DELAY_REPLY(NaClHostMsg_LaunchNaCl, OnLaunchNaCl)
    IPC_MESSAGE_HANDLER_DELAY_REPLY(NaClHostMsg_GetReadonlyPnaclFD,
                                    OnGetReadonlyPnaclFd)
    IPC_MESSAGE_HANDLER_DELAY_REPLY(NaClHostMsg_NaClCreateTemporaryFile,
                                    OnNaClCreateTemporaryFile)
    IPC_MESSAGE_HANDLER(NaClHostMsg_NexeTempFileRequest,
                        OnGetNexeFd)
    IPC_MESSAGE_HANDLER(NaClHostMsg_ReportTranslationFinished,
                        OnTranslationFinished)
    IPC_MESSAGE_HANDLER(NaClHostMsg_MissingArchError,
                        OnMissingArchError)
    IPC_MESSAGE_HANDLER_DELAY_REPLY(NaClHostMsg_OpenNaClExecutable,
                                    OnOpenNaClExecutable)
    IPC_MESSAGE_HANDLER(NaClHostMsg_NaClGetNumProcessors,
                        OnNaClGetNumProcessors)
    IPC_MESSAGE_HANDLER(NaClHostMsg_NaClDebugEnabledForURL,
                        OnNaClDebugEnabledForURL)
#endif
    IPC_MESSAGE_UNHANDLED(handled = false)
  IPC_END_MESSAGE_MAP()

  return handled;
}

net::HostResolver* NaClHostMessageFilter::GetHostResolver() {
  return request_context_->GetURLRequestContext()->host_resolver();
}

void NaClHostMessageFilter::OnLaunchNaCl(
    const nacl::NaClLaunchParams& launch_params,
    IPC::Message* reply_msg) {
  // If we're running llc or ld for the PNaCl translator, we don't need to look
  // up permissions, and we don't have the right browser state to look up some
  // of the whitelisting parameters anyway.
  if (launch_params.process_type == kPNaClTranslatorProcessType) {
    uint32 perms = launch_params.permission_bits & ppapi::PERMISSION_DEV;
    LaunchNaClContinuation(
        launch_params,
        reply_msg,
        ppapi::PpapiPermissions(perms));
    return;
  }
  content::BrowserThread::PostTaskAndReplyWithResult(
      content::BrowserThread::UI,
      FROM_HERE,
      base::Bind(&GetPpapiPermissions,
                 launch_params.permission_bits,
                 render_process_id_,
                 launch_params.render_view_id),
      base::Bind(&NaClHostMessageFilter::LaunchNaClContinuation,
                 this,
                 launch_params,
                 reply_msg));
}

void NaClHostMessageFilter::LaunchNaClContinuation(
    const nacl::NaClLaunchParams& launch_params,
    IPC::Message* reply_msg,
    ppapi::PpapiPermissions permissions) {
  NaClFileToken nexe_token = {
      launch_params.nexe_token_lo,  // lo
      launch_params.nexe_token_hi   // hi
  };

  base::PlatformFile nexe_file;
#if defined(OS_WIN)
  // Duplicate the nexe file handle from the renderer process into the browser
  // process.
  if (!::DuplicateHandle(PeerHandle(),
                         launch_params.nexe_file,
                         base::GetCurrentProcessHandle(),
                         &nexe_file,
                         0,  // Unused, given DUPLICATE_SAME_ACCESS.
                         FALSE,
                         DUPLICATE_CLOSE_SOURCE | DUPLICATE_SAME_ACCESS)) {
    NaClHostMsg_LaunchNaCl::WriteReplyParams(
        reply_msg,
        NaClLaunchResult(),
        std::string("Failed to duplicate nexe file handle"));
    Send(reply_msg);
    return;
  }
#elif defined(OS_POSIX)
  nexe_file =
      IPC::PlatformFileForTransitToPlatformFile(launch_params.nexe_file);
#else
#error Unsupported platform.
#endif

  NaClProcessHost* host = new NaClProcessHost(
      GURL(launch_params.manifest_url),
      base::File(nexe_file),
      nexe_token,
      permissions,
      launch_params.render_view_id,
      launch_params.permission_bits,
      launch_params.uses_nonsfi_mode,
      off_the_record_,
      launch_params.process_type,
      profile_directory_);
  GURL manifest_url(launch_params.manifest_url);
  base::FilePath manifest_path;
  // We're calling MapUrlToLocalFilePath with the non-blocking API
  // because we're running in the I/O thread. Ideally we'd use the other path,
  // which would cover more cases.
  nacl::NaClBrowser::GetDelegate()->MapUrlToLocalFilePath(
      manifest_url,
      false /* use_blocking_api */,
      profile_directory_,
      &manifest_path);
  host->Launch(this, reply_msg, manifest_path);
}

void NaClHostMessageFilter::OnGetReadonlyPnaclFd(
    const std::string& filename, bool is_executable, IPC::Message* reply_msg) {
  // This posts a task to another thread, but the renderer will
  // block until the reply is sent.
  nacl_file_host::GetReadonlyPnaclFd(this, filename, is_executable, reply_msg);

  // This is the first message we receive from the renderer once it knows we
  // want to use PNaCl, so start the translation cache initialization here.
  pnacl::PnaclHost::GetInstance()->Init();
}

// Return the temporary file via a reply to the
// NaClHostMsg_NaClCreateTemporaryFile sync message.
void NaClHostMessageFilter::SyncReturnTemporaryFile(
    IPC::Message* reply_msg,
    base::File file) {
  if (file.IsValid()) {
    NaClHostMsg_NaClCreateTemporaryFile::WriteReplyParams(
        reply_msg,
        IPC::TakeFileHandleForProcess(file.Pass(), PeerHandle()));
  } else {
    reply_msg->set_reply_error();
  }
  Send(reply_msg);
}

void NaClHostMessageFilter::OnNaClCreateTemporaryFile(
    IPC::Message* reply_msg) {
  pnacl::PnaclHost::GetInstance()->CreateTemporaryFile(
      base::Bind(&NaClHostMessageFilter::SyncReturnTemporaryFile,
                 this,
                 reply_msg));
}

void NaClHostMessageFilter::AsyncReturnTemporaryFile(
    int pp_instance,
    const base::File& file,
    bool is_hit) {
  IPC::PlatformFileForTransit fd = IPC::InvalidPlatformFileForTransit();
  if (file.IsValid()) {
    // Don't close our copy of the handle, because PnaclHost will use it
    // when the translation finishes.
    fd = IPC::GetFileHandleForProcess(file.GetPlatformFile(), PeerHandle(),
                                      false);
  }
  Send(new NaClViewMsg_NexeTempFileReply(pp_instance, is_hit, fd));
}

void NaClHostMessageFilter::OnNaClGetNumProcessors(int* num_processors) {
  *num_processors = base::SysInfo::NumberOfProcessors();
}

void NaClHostMessageFilter::OnGetNexeFd(
    int render_view_id,
    int pp_instance,
    const nacl::PnaclCacheInfo& cache_info) {
  if (!cache_info.pexe_url.is_valid()) {
    LOG(ERROR) << "Bad URL received from GetNexeFd: " <<
        cache_info.pexe_url.possibly_invalid_spec();
    BadMessageReceived();
    return;
  }

  pnacl::PnaclHost::GetInstance()->GetNexeFd(
      render_process_id_,
      render_view_id,
      pp_instance,
      off_the_record_,
      cache_info,
      base::Bind(&NaClHostMessageFilter::AsyncReturnTemporaryFile,
                 this,
                 pp_instance));
}

void NaClHostMessageFilter::OnTranslationFinished(int instance, bool success) {
  pnacl::PnaclHost::GetInstance()->TranslationFinished(
      render_process_id_, instance, success);
}

void NaClHostMessageFilter::OnMissingArchError(int render_view_id) {
  nacl::NaClBrowser::GetDelegate()->
      ShowMissingArchInfobar(render_process_id_, render_view_id);
}

void NaClHostMessageFilter::OnOpenNaClExecutable(
    int render_view_id,
    const GURL& file_url,
    bool enable_validation_caching,
    IPC::Message* reply_msg) {
  nacl_file_host::OpenNaClExecutable(this,
                                     render_view_id,
                                     file_url,
                                     enable_validation_caching,
                                     reply_msg);
}

void NaClHostMessageFilter::OnNaClDebugEnabledForURL(const GURL& nmf_url,
                                                     bool* should_debug) {
  *should_debug =
      nacl::NaClBrowser::GetDelegate()->URLMatchesDebugPatterns(nmf_url);
}

}  // namespace nacl


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text:
CEI secretary responds to reports
Sandro Magister today has a follow-up to Monday's story about the Italian Bishops' Conference (CEI). Here is a quick translation:
Betori restores order in the house. And regarding ambrosian rite ...
At the press conference at the close of the permanent council of the Italian Bishops' Conference, the general secretary of CEI, Guiseppe Betori, has surprisingly denied that some bishops requested a specific regulation – that is to say more restrictive – for Italy, of the papal motu Proprio "Summorum Pontificum" which liberalised mass in the old roman rite (see previous post)
Betori admitted that "there were diverse sensibilities, that is to say, more attentive to one or other pastoral dimension of the application of the text, also to ensure that tensions internal to the community should not be generated". But he remarked that the conclusions were to support the decision of Benedict XVI as is shown by this passage of the final communiqué:
"Regarding the application of the motu proprio "Summorum pontificum", which came into force on 14 September, concerning the use of the roman liturgy prior to the reform of 1970, the bishops have underlined their full and filial adhesion to the dispositions of the Holy Father, valuing his solicitude for the unity of the Church, a value that subsists not only in space but also in time and does not allow of counter positions or ruptures between the various phases of its historical development. Aware of their role as promoters and custodians of the whole liturgical life of the particular Church entrusted to them, they are committed to follow it with attention and to accompany the application, having also in view the report to the Holy See which the pope himself has asked them to prepare after the provision has been in force for three years."
"If any bishop rejected the application of the motu proprio, the would go outside the policy of the Italian Episcopal Conference", Betori advised.
The secretary of CEI drew attention also to the case of the diocese of Milan. The motu Proprio, he said, did not apply to the ambrosian rite: "It is a question of the autonomy of the ambrosian rite with respect to the roman rite. The same would go for the other rites: greek-catholic, Chaldean, mozarabic.
And in fact, "Summorum pontificum" speaks only of the "roman" rite. In those few territories of the diocese of Milan which follow the roman rite, the motu Proprio has come into force. For the rest, what was affirmed by Mgr Luigi Manganinin, archpriest of the Duomo and vice-president of the commission for the ambrosian rite remains in force for the time being: "As regards the parishes of the ambrosian rite, which is an autonomous rite with its own head of rite in the person of the Archbishop of Milan, there have not been comparable instances in recent years, and so we do not think it necessary to refer to the motu proprio. At Milan, since 1988, there has already been a church where every Sunday the old [ambrosian] rite has been celebrated at Gentilino. And it will continue."
It is possible, however, that in the future, Rome will issue a note in this regard to extend also to the ambrosian rite – old and new – the dispositions of the motu proprio.
This exchange between CEI and the journalists is instructive. In Italy, unlike some other countries, public disagreement with the Holy See is absolutely out of court. Whatever the nuances of statements of individual Bishops, the appearances have to be preserved that everyone is united with the Holy See. The rules are very different from, say, England or the USA. Openly to criticise the Holy See or a particular decision, and most especially to attack a papal Motu Proprio would make a brutta figura. The jockeying for position is much more subtle.
Hence the reports of Magister et al would have been highly embarrassing for the individual bishops concerned and it is necessary for the secretary of CEI to stress the internal unity of the conference and admit only of some diverse sensibilities regarding the pastoral dimensions of the application of the decree.
This is good news for us: the only acceptable public position of the Bishops in Italy is a full and filial adhesion to the motu proprio.
Bishops Summorum Pontificum
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Elizabeth I and Islam?
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"Whaddya call this Mass?" runoff poll
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Visit to Good Counsel
SSJC audio files of Mass texts
CEI battle lines on SP
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16 year old on traditional liturgy and youth masses
Richard Rex in the Times
NAC to offer training for usus antiquior
Credo - new pocket catechism
Dawn Eden at Farm Street
Henry Benedict Stuart requiem photos
BBC hybrid embryo poll
Requiem for Cardinal Duke of York
Congratulations Sr Andrea
Bishop Budd on Summorum Pontificum
A fitting vestment
Inwood article spiked
Changing the liturgical mindset
Portsmouth response to Summorum Pontificum
News from Lourdes
CIEL in Rome
Li'l Jack
Reading the signs of the times
Liturgy - "looking to God"
LMS Ordo online
Reporting in
CDF statement on ANH
High Masses galore
If... but not "only if"
Good food, good company
Bedspreads and chasubles
Usual BBC stuff on Mariazell
Malta Day celebrations
Getting to Blackfen
Pontifical High Mass in Sydney
Fr Lang and Martin Mosebach in the States
Further thoughts on television
KSC Seminar and Gillian Craig
Commemoration of Abbe Edgeworth
Wake up and smell the incense!
"Future telling" and fear of the future
"The Bread of Life" book launch
Something Fishy!
The therapeutic mentality and liturgy
Pope wears green vestments "intentionally"
Usus antiquior at St Mary Major's
Boredom and accidia
Fiorella's books
Discrimination law review
14 September celebrations
Beta bloglines
Another MSM-free family
Never a boring day

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I have a Gigaset SE567 router. Apparently this particular router has some problem with Playstation, since there's plenty of people talking about it via a google search.
So my question is, can anyone help me get a NAT Type 2?
And a follow up question, if not - because I've read a lot of forum posts saying I'm pretty much up the river on this one, that my router can't do it, how do I go about getting a new router and installing it? What's that entail? Is it easy or do I have to know computer kung fu to do it? The only routers I've ever had come from the ISP when they fix me up.


Recently on Socially Conscious Brands, we discussed conflict palm oil products in the beauty industry and their impact on the environment. As a short refresher, palm oil is made from the fruit of the oil palm tree. The oil palm is indigenous to Africa, but the largest plantations are in Indonesia and Malaysia.
Conflict palm oil is produced under environmentally damaging, unsustainable conditions and often involves human rights violations. The expansion of palm oil plantations into rainforests threatens the lives of indigenous peoples and the biodiversity of rainforest ecosystems. Unsustainable palm oil production also has an impact on climate change because deforestation releases high amounts of carbon into the air and rainfall patterns can be altered in other parts of the world.
Palm oil and its derivatives have so many diverse applications that it is used in thousands of different products, from food, to fuel, toothpaste. It's the cheapest vegetable oil to produce, due to its high yield per plant. Its cost effectiveness is one of the reasons why it's used across so many industries. Due to its versatility and low cost, it's virtually impossible to remove from all products on the market. That's why sustainable palm oil practices are so important.
The Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO) is a cooperative endeavor between companies and NGOs to advocate for sustainable palm oil production. RSPO requires specific criteria to be met before they will give a product the Certified Sustainable Palm Oil (CSPO) seal. GreenPalm is a program that allows companies to buy sustainable palm oil at a premium.
We all know that beauty products, such as lipstick contain palm oil. Although some cosmetic companies switched to sustainable practices or eliminated it all together, palm oil is still used in 50% of all packaged goods, including food items, cleaning solutions, lotions, and detergents.
The FDA requires that palm oil and its derivatives be labeled in all food products they are in, including when they are blended into other ingredients. Sometimes palm oil will not be explicitly listed, but may be listed as any of the ones shown below.
This is just a partial list of ingredient names for palm oil provided by the Philadelphia Zoo. A more exhaustive list, including ingredients that are potentially, but not definitively palm oil, can be found here. Palm Oil Investigations and the Rainforest Action Network also provide informative lists regarding palm oil labeling in the United States and other countries. Identifying palm oil in food is much easier than in other products where ingredient lists are not required.
Pizza Dough: Palm oil is used in pizza dough, frozen and fresh, as a binding agent and to obtain an optimal texture.
Alternative: Udis, a subsidiary of Boulder Brands offers pizza dough that it RSPO certified.
Instant Noodles: All environmentally conscious college students will feel this one the most, I know. Almost half of the weight of this product is palm oil. Unfortunately, the biggest distributors, like Nissin, have no commitment to sustainable palm oil. So, it may be better to ditch Ramen (it isn't that great for you, anyways).
Ice Cream: It isn't the cream that makes ice cream creamy—you guessed it: palm oil. It's difficult to find ice cream products without palm oil because everyone expects creamy ice cream.
Alternative: O Organic brand ice cream is a palm oil free store brand. It's also super easy to make at home and you can customize it any way you want.
Alternative: If you aren't interested in Earth Balance or Nutiva's lack of transparency makes you weary, that's okay. You can make your own (vegan-friendly) butter! If that is too much of an investment, you can always use olive oil and salt. You can also make use of any of these palm-oil free margarine and butter substitutes.
Chocolate: Palm oil is the ingredient that help makes chocolate smooth and maintain its shape at room temperature. Lindt solid chocolate bars only use 100% cocoa butter, but chocolates with fillings, like Lindor Truffles, do have palm oil. Lindt is a member of the RSPO, who sources their palm oil with a segregated sourcing model. This encourages traceability in the supply chain.
Hershey's is also a member of the RSPO, but not all of their products use sustainable palm oil. In their own RSPO report, they state that only 97% of products sold in the US are sustainable (and only 3% of those in China are sustainable).
Nestle, a RSPO member was embroiled in a palm oil scandal in 2010, by buying palm oil from Sinar-Mas, a corporation accused of illegal practices related to palm oil production. Nestlé RSPO report from 2015 does not provide any data regarding how much of their palm oil is sustainable. Additionally, they are phasing out their GreenPalm certified sources for their own.
Alternative: Lindt solid chocolate and Ferrero products may be the best regarding palm oil. Still seeking palm oil free alternative chocolates or Nutella? It's relatively easy to make on your own with this minimalist Nutella recipe or this quick chocolate cups recipe.
Palm oil lends most packaged breads their texture and self-staying power. If you don't mind going gluten-free, Boulder Brands, parent company of Smart Balance, Udis, Glutino, and Earth Balance, is also a member of the POIG.
Alternative: Making bread at home can be a palm oil free and cheaper alternative to buying bread.
Laundry Detergent: Laundry detergent is tricky, because unlike food items, the FDA does not require ingredients to be listed on the packaging. Most laundry detergents use either palm oil, coconut oil, or a blend of the two.
Alternative: Swapping out your regular laundry detergent for palm oil free soap flakes from the Pure Soap Flake Company is one way to remove palm oil from your list of chores and cut down on plastics too. You can also make your own laundry detergent from recipes such as this one. Be careful when using castile soap—it can be blended with palm oil unless it is 100% made from olive oil.
Household Cleaners: Cleaners often contain sulfates, glycerin, and other compounds that are often made from palm oil. It can be hard to identify what is in some cleaners, but making your own cleaners is a great option.
Alternatives: Vinegar is a great natural cleaner and can be mixed with other items for dynamic uses.
Shampoo and Conditioner: Palm oil is excellent for conditioning, but there are plenty of alternatives around! This is especially true if you are willing to go a little off the beaten path.
Alternatives: LUSH has been committed to being a palm oil free brand, and they offer all types of shampoos and conditioners for your needs. LUSH can be pricey, but Urban Oreganics, Scratch Goods, and Fanciful Fox are just some shampoo bars without palm oil. A more exhaustive list is provided by Selva Beat.
Soap: Palm oil is often the main vegetable oil or blended with other oils in soup products. Brands like Burt's Bees, which is owned by Clorox, is not at the top of the list for sustainable practices, but Unilever soaps are made with sustainable palm oil as well as their other products.
Alternatives: As mentioned before, LUSH is palm oil free, and so are many small-scale brands that can be ordered online, such as Unearth Malee. If you make your own soap or are interested in starting, here is a fantastic resource on how to make any soap recipe palm oil free.
Toothpaste: Even oral hygiene products aren't free of palm oil. Colgate has lagged behind in the past, but their practices have improved over the years.
Alternatives: Earthpaste is a cruelty-free, palm oil free toothpaste that can be purchased in some stores and online.
You can check out how your favorite brands stack up on the WWF's 2016 Palm Oil Score Card and the Union of Concerned Scientists' Palm Oil Scorecard (2015 is the most recent).
A handy tool that I have found that makes checking products for palm oil in the grocery store a breeze, is the Sustainable Palm Oil Shopping app.
Here is also a more exhaustive and easy to read list of companies and their products with sustainable palm oil. While Selva Beat also offers an A-Z list of palm oil free brands for just about anything you can imagine.


Breaking—explosive—unaired footage of the ABC News interview with Del Bigtree, the producer of Vaxxed — the film that was supposed to be shown at the Tribeca Festival but was canceled.
We're talking about nothing less than the vaccine connection to autism.
'Gardasil Coverup Documents Exposed' by Kelly Brogan, M.D.
Sin Hang Lee has graduated from Wuhan Medical College in China. After a Residency-Fellowship at Cornell-New York Hospital and Memorial Hospital for Cancer, he was certified by the American Board of Pathology and obtained the FRCP (C) degree by examination in 1966. He was on the Faculty of McGill University and Yale University from 1968-2004 while practicing hospital-based pathology. He is currently the Director of Milford Molecular Diagnostics, Milford, Connecticut. In the past 10 years, he has developed Sanger sequencing-based testing methods for HPV, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, Lyme disease borreliae and Ebola virus implementable in community hospitals.
"… Dr. Lee has checked references, and what he discovered could only be made right through "an immediate independent investigation and appropriate disciplinary action".
* Declarations of harmlessness – science by proclamation – are made in the absence of available science to support these claims.
* Concerns about contamination of HPV DNA fragments were dismissed without a shred of evidence: references were falsely attributed to conceal a total vacuum of peer-reviewed science on the safety of HPV L1 gene DNA fragments. These fragments were conflated with HPV-16 particles in hopes that this wave of the hand would quiet further inquiry.
* Concerns about the antigenicity of aluminum is dismissed in direct conflict to available evidence of inflammatory response generated by vaccination as demonstrated by the WHO's own data.
* Tactics used to generate an illusion of scientific certainty including: CDC Technical Reports by ghostwriter(s) based on phone conversations, references to unpublished PhD material, and health blogs.
* Dr. Lee offers a summary analysis of 22 key peer-reviewed references to summarize the available information on aluminum adjuvant as a biotoxicant.
Take Action to Stop the Release of Genetically Modified Mosquitoes in Florida Keys!
[Comment: Please consider sending comments. What's really amazing is that, as investigative reporter Jon Rappoport https://jonrappoport.wordpress.com/category/zika/ and others have shown, scientists have NOT clearly linked the Zika virus to microcephaly (small head disease). Of the originally reported 4000 cases of small head disease in Brazil, it turned out only to be about 400. And of those 400 – only around 17 have the virus. But – this country, on no evidence, devotes a billion plus dollars to research a vaccine and Florida declares a health emergency!
We are in the twilight zone.
Once the GM mosquitoes get loose, there's no telling what will happen. And please don't forget that such GM mosquitoes WERE released in Brazil about 18 months ago.
Federal officials approved the release of genetically modified mosquitoes on Friday for field trials in the Florida Keys. The decision comes as the number of Zika cases transmitted by the mosquitoes rises.
The release of genetically modified mosquitoes in the Florida Keys cleared a significant hurdle Friday when the U.S. Food and Drug Administration announced they pose no significant environmental danger.
The preliminary findings, to be published in the Federal Register, will be open for public comment for the next 30 days. But the initial federal review likely clears the way for a long-delayed field trial by British producer Oxitec in the tiny affluent neighborhood of Key Haven a mile east of Key West.
Pressure has mounted to speed up testing after the arrival of the Zika virus, which is carried by the Aedes aegypti mosquito, in the U.S. and Florida. While no cases have been contracted locally, health officials fear South Florida could face an outbreak. Oxitec's genetically modified mosquitoes have already been released in South America, where health officials say an ongoing Zika outbreak could infect 4 million people by the end of the year. The virus is tied to a host of health problems, possibly including a spike in babies born with microcephaly in Brazil.
Oxitec CEO Hadyn Parry welcomed the move.
Since the company has already outfitted a lab in Marathon for production, the company could move quickly to start tests if local officials back them, he said in an email.
But some residents in the Keys, backed by opponents of the genetic modification industry, have fought bitterly to stop the release, mounting a petition that collected 160,000 signatures.
"People just don't want to be guinea pigs," said former nurse and real estate agent Mila De Mier, who started the petition.
Pitched as a safer, more affordable way of battling Oxitec's modified male mosquitoes are engineered to produce offspring with a kill-switch, or defective gene that kills them. The offspring also bear a florescent marker gene so larvae can be identified when inspectors conduct mosquito counts and gauge the progress of the program.
De Mier, however, say no tests have linked the release of mosquitoes to a reduction in disease and argues that other methods used by the Florida Keys Mosquito Control District to combat Aedes aegypti have been successful. She also likens the tests to clinical trials and believes Oxitec ethically needs to obtain permission from residents.
"You cannot even justify a trial," she said.
If after the public comment period the FDA approves the test, the district's board must still approve an agreement with Oxitec, said district spokeswoman Beth Ranson. The issue is not on the board's Tuesday meeting agenda, although she said it's likely to come up for discussion, but not a vote.
"So there's still a couple of steps left," she said.
The district plans on posting the link for comments on its web site. Comments can be submitted online to the FDA or mailed to The Division of Dockets Management, HFA-305, Food and Drug Administration, 5630 Fishers Lane, Room 1061, Rockville, MD 20852.
The federal Food and Drug Administration is accepting public comments on the draft environmental assessment for releasing genetically modified mosquitoes in the Florida Keys. The public has 30 days to comment from the date of publication in the Federal Register.
To submit comments electronically to the docket, go to www.regulations.gov and type FDA-2014-N-2235 in the search box. While comments are welcome at any time, you should submit them by the closing date to ensure FDA considers them.
To submit your comments by mail, use the following address. Be sure to include docket number FDA-2014-N-2235 on each page of your written comments.
19,351 had an ER visit within 42 days of immunization.
Adverse events following HPV vaccination, Alberta 2006-2014.


A display at the 2018 PHS Philadelphia Flower Show.
This year's PHS Philadelphia Flower Show may have just ended on March 11, but the Pennsylvania Horticultural Society is already thinking about next year.
The theme for the 2019 show has been revealed and plans are underway.
Florists will have to showcase "Flower Power" in their landscapes and arrangements next March at the Pennsylvania Convention Center.
[The theme] "will celebrate the contribution of flowers to our lives and will play host to the Florists' Transworld Delivery World Cup, the world's most prestigious floral design competition," according to PHS.
The renowned competition will take place at the Flower Show, kicking off during the show's preview day on March 1, 2019. The new FTD World Cup floral design champion will be announced on March 3, 2019.
The 2019 Flower Show will run March 2-10 at the Pennsylvania Convention Center.


Stephen got a piece into the above all-male show juried by a panel of 12 women. His new work is looking great, and I'm really happy for him. The opening is September 26 at the Soundry from 8 to 11 PM.
At the opening, a video of the panel making their decisions will be featured. Man, I can't imagine 12 jurors coming to a final decision in the short turn-around time they gave themselves, but they did it. Stephen will be in Phoenix unfortunately, but Heather and I will go.
I'm also happy because I've been invited to become a part of the Studio Gallery. The jurying-in was Wednesday, and the Director called Thursday to let me know. A big thank you to Artomatic for giving artists the kind of exposure that can make things like this happen!


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PIP: Claimants could be entitled to an extra £4,...
David Bowie: Actor Johnny Flynn on on delivering a soul portrayal of the star | Films | Entertainment
What is a twin flame? The new dating term you need to know
Published On: Sun, Apr 28th, 2019
Philippines / World | By Rappler.com
Palarong Pambansa 2019 opens in Davao City
More than 15,000 athletes from the Philippines' 17 regions will compete in this year's edition of the national sports event
Published 6:39 PM, April 28, 2019
Updated 6:39 PM, April 28, 2019
PALARO BEGINS. Performers and athletes mark the opening of the 2019 Palarong Pambansa in Davao City.
DAVAO CITY, Philippines – The Palarong Pambansa 2019 formally opened at the University of the Philippines Sports Complex in Tugbok district here on Sunday, April 28, with about 20,000 people in attendance based on official estimates.
More than 15,000 athletes from the country's 17 regions will compete in this year's edition of the national sports event. (UPDATES and MEDAL TALLY: Palarong Pambansa 2019)
President Rodrigo Duterte is expected to grace the event, which was moved from Saturday, April 27, for him to deliver a speech in his hometown, reported ABS-CBN News. Duterte served as Davao City mayor for more than two decades.
In a message to the athletes, the President's daughter, Mayor Sara Duterte, said Davao City was thrilled to host the national games, considering that it has been 69 years since a national sporting event was last held here.
The last national sporting event Davao City hosted was the Bureau of Public Schools-Interscholastic Athletics Association Games, the precursor to the Palarong Pambansa.
Mayor Duterte said the city government went the "extra mile" in preparing for this year's Palaro.
In a separate video message as she was not able to personally attend the opening ceremony, the mayor also urged the athletes not to force themselves to compete if they are not feeling well.
"Tell your coaches," she said.
In previous athletic events here, such as the Davao Regional Athletic Association meet in January 2018, several athletes suffered from food poisoning.
Recently, a Lanao del Norte wushu athlete also suffered extreme body pains. Officials said she had overpracticed.
"Do not push yourself if you are not feeling well," Mayor Duterte added. – Rappler.com
We are passionate about sports. Whether its a university, local, or international event, we aim to always to go above and beyond with our news, features, and analysis.
However, reader support powers our content. We ask you to take on the extra mile with us.
By joining Rappler PLUS, you will receive special editorial newsletters, industry reports, and invites to exclusive briefings.
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A 151.8 m2 flat is for sale in the 5th District of Budapest. It is in the middle of the downtown with excellent links to public transportation. The property is on the third floor of a newly built condominium. It consists of a living room with dining room, kitchen, 3 bedrooms, 2 bathrooms, guest toilet, 2 terraces and a wardrobe. It boasts a beautiful view and has a 24-hour reception service. A parking place can be bought in the underground garage for 38.000 euros and a storage room for 8000 euros. There is a common garden, a sauna and a jacuzzi in the building.
I would like more information about Elegant apartment for sale Budapest V. district, Belváros.


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US colleges 'improving' on free speech despite Trump rhetoric
Watchdog report comes as president seeks to make political issue of campus intolerance
Paul Basken
Twitter: @pbasken
Source: iStock
US universities are steadily improving on measures of free speech protection, even as the Trump administration tries to portray its supporters as victims of campus intolerance, an annual survey has found.
Only 24 per cent of the 471 institutions analysed by the Foundation for Individual Rights in Education earned the group's lowest ranking on measures of free speech policies, censorship and due process violations.
That's a drop from 28 per cent last year, and from 74 per cent in 2009, marking the 12th straight year of declines, according to the watchdog organisation, known as Fire.
While Fire advertises itself as non-partisan, its analysis is funded by the libertarian Charles Koch Institute, emphasises an atmosphere of liberal ideological dominance at US colleges, and comes as the Trump administration has railed on the idea that campuses are bastions of left-leaning intolerance.
In a statement accompanying its report, Fire highlighted such fears rather than note the progress over time that its own data found.
"Leaders on every college campus should look at this," the executive director of Fire, Robert Shibley, said of the report and its focus on making classifications of US universities, "and know they have a lot of work to do."
Fire's report included a nationwide survey of college students. From that, it pointed out that 60 per cent of US college students have felt at some point that they could not express an opinion on a topic because of how students, professors or administrations would respond.
That view was held by 73 per cent of students who strongly identified as Republican, and by 52 per cent of those who strongly identified as Democrat, the survey found.
More than 40 per cent of all students, and 66 per cent of black students, said they found it difficult to have an open and honest conversation about race on campus, Fire found.
The survey was based on online responses collected in April and May from nearly 20,000 students enrolled at 55 four-year colleges.
Some outside experts have been challenging the notion that students, faculty or others on US college campuses are not adequately protected by the US Constitution's First Amendment guarantees of the right to free speech.
The notion of a "free speech crisis on college campuses" is largely a political contrivance, said Christopher Marsicano, an assistant professor of higher education at Davidson College.
"A lot of this free speech concern was started as hot air, and has now taken on a role that people actually believe in," he said.
Students may not always behave in a civil manner, Dr Marsicano acknowledged, but "colleges and universities by and large do not punish their students for speaking their mind, and in fact most want them to".
At one of the lowest-ranked institutions on Fire's list, the University of Texas at Austin, an outspoken Trump administration supporter said he and others have felt persecuted by UT's Office for Inclusion and Equity, which investigates complaints of civil rights law violations.
That office "is aggressive about soliciting bias incident reports and things of this kind", said Daniel Bonevac, a professor of philosophy. In many instances, Professor Bonevac said, the alleged violations amounted to publicly expressing beliefs that liberals dislike.
Professor Bonevac said, however, that he had limited details of any particular case at UT-Austin, and acknowledged "it's possible that I know of a couple of incidents and I'm blowing that up into a pattern".
paul.basken@timeshighereducation.com
Trump attacks teaching of racism across US history
White House wants 'patriotic education' and directly threatens Princeton
By Paul Basken
Trump eases free-speech threat, but HE groups still spooked
After months of angry vows from the president, formal proposal limits scope and penalties but onlookers remain wary
Trump free speech threat contradicts facts, allies and himself
US president's vow to tie research funds to unfettered campus debate is short on details and advocates
The only conservative scholar on campus?
A right-wing philosopher in Texas tells John Gill how a minority of students can shut down debates and intimidate lecturers – and why he backs Trump
By John Gill
Reader's comments (2)
#1 Submitted by StephenCowley on October 1, 2020 - 11:13am
The taped evidence in the Lindsay Shepherd case (Canadian, admittedly) should have been a wake-up call.
#2 Submitted by John K Wilson on October 1, 2020 - 6:11pm
This new FIRE survey is from a student perspective, and not directly comparable to their long-standing studies of campus policies. However, there are many flaws in the Free Speech Rankings which I analyze at AcademeBlog, https://academeblog.org/2020/10/01/why-the-college-free-speech-rankings-are-worthless/
Princeton student sues university over Iran jailing
Postgraduate student Xiyue Wang alleges broad failures by university in three-year imprisonment, while experts see more complicated reality
Pennsylvania moves against Amy Wax over racism complaints
After years of escalating protests, controversial law professor to face disciplinary process at Ivy League institution
Offer scholarships to young Hongkongers, Patten tells West
Ex-governor also wants UK to offer visas to youth born after 1997 to counter clampdown on free speech
By Pola Lem


If freedom of Religion not freedom from Religion.
Ban crosses around your neck, turbans, ect . The lack of tolerance shows clearly in the non-religious. What type of secular charter is acceptable to them? I guess gangs signs or obscene symbols are ok with them. People of all faiths should fight them on this one.
Just that liberal thinking on dumbing down American over Morality associated with ethics. All In Association to those that believe in God or a Creator and the way they want to live.
Oh i Don't think they want to say anything about Gangs. Nor get out there and take them on either. Notice Even Jessse Jackson and Sharptones know nothing can be done about them. So it's the lib-tards ignore them, acting as if they and the problem will go away.


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Q: converting value of byte array i get in swagger as string to image
In my project I am using this code to insert image to database
  private void pctbPicture_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
    {
        using (OpenFileDialog openFileDialog1 = new OpenFileDialog())
        {
            if (openFileDialog1.ShowDialog() == DialogResult.OK)
            {
               var filename = openFileDialog1.FileName;
                var file = File.ReadAllBytes(filename);
                // request.Image is byte[]
                request.Image = file;

                Image image = Image.FromFile(filename);
               pctbProizvod.Image = image;

            }
        }
    }

In my database when i try to check value of Image it only says byte array
But when i get data from swagger api i can see huge string of letters and numbers as value of image.
Now i am making dataseding script with test data  and i would like to insert data from that string of numbers and letters as byte array in database.
something like this pseudocode
Product pp=new Product(){Image = ConverToByteArray(string that represents byte aray From Swagger) };

any help is appreciated!!
Thanks for trying to help

A: Solution in my case was

Image=  Convert.FromBase64String("string content");

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Discussion in 'Article Discussion' started by Gareth Halfacree, 2 May 2017.
In pre-market trading following the filing AMD's share price plummeted 11.89 percent to $12, wiping out a 2.41 percent gain the company had made ahead of the earnings report and wiping more than a $1 billion from the company's market capitalisation.
Sobering indeed. And quite worrying.
Yeah, one product launch at the end of Q1 isn't going to magically turn around AMD's fortunes, unfortunately.
Don't know why anyone is playing surprised - AMD was never going to suddenly be in the black after launching Ryzen, and share price was always going to take a hit when that was confirmed.
What's more important is the fact that AMD took back 2% of market share for the first time in 4 years - and that's with absolutely shocking AM4 motherboard availability and people slamming the gaming performance at every opportunity.
If they can continue that 2% for the next few quarters, and get a foothold in the server market with Naples. they'll be on a healthy trend while they work on Zen 2.
The crucial part is that Ryzen only launched towards the end of the quarter, Q2 results reveal far more about the success (or lack of) with Ryzen.
It's too early for Ryzen sales to be felt just yet. Next quarter is the real story. There is still a lack of OEM PC's, no Ryzen 3 and the 4-6 Core's only released a week or so back.
Coupled with shortage of AM4 boards, I ordered a Ryzen 1700 system weeks back but only just received the motherboard a few days ago.
Microsoft will probably buy them on the cheap and lock Sony out of their next gen Ryzen SOC's for their new Xbox, after Scorpio.
Ryzen might only have launched in March, but will AMD have booked all Q1 shipments to retailers as "sales" for the purposes of these accounts? Not sure how many units they would have shipped by the end of March.
Not really possible to know as AMD would not announce such things, Ryzen was never going to be a miricle product that fixed AMDs woes. Vega will change little in the end of the day it's 1 year behind the 1080, Nvidia and AMD now have totally different release schedules.
High end Vega might be relivent for 6-8 months before Nvidia counters if not less.
They were not going to turn it round in 6 weeks. Ryzen has definitely made a splash, let's see where they are in 6-12 months.
I am not surprised at all, nor did I try to imply I am. AMD already said earlier this year they expect less growth than anticipated in their former forecasts, so this is simply confirmation of bad news.
Still, it is worrying. For AMD. For the markets. And maybe especially for us, the consumers. Fingers crossed for AMD to report an upturn in three months time supported by strong sales of Ryzen and hopefully good predictions of Vega sales.
So, AMD stock already almost back to what it was before the finances were made public. And with recent EPYC and Threadripper announcements, looking like it's gaining traction.
Now we just need some competitive performance and price figures for Vega and that should see them having a pretty good summer.