While speaking with famed course designer Pete Webber, Carmichael Training Systems Coach Josh Whitmore examined the features and nuances of Zilker Park, host site of the 2015 Cyclocross National Championship. While there will always be beneficial mainstays of training for cyclocross, including group Wednesday Night Worlds practice, as well as threshold and VO2 Max intervals, riders looking for an extra edge can tailor a training plan that matches the conditions they will face come the second week in January.
Whitmore reached out to us with a few ideas of his own, including two interval sessions that can be done outdoors (one can also be done on a basement trainer, just remember not to use the brakes while on the rollers!) For more training plans and methods for surviving the winter, including recommended water uptake during training in the cold months, be sure to check out Carmichael Training Systems at trainright.com.
By this time of year, regional cyclocross races are winding down and many of you have season ending goals to peak for the Cyclocross National Championships January 7-11th, hosted this year at Zilker Park in Austin, TX. The few-week lull in racing over the holidays offers a great opportunity to get in some focused fine tuning for your fitness before the big event. The following course information and sample workouts will help you arrive with an edge over your competitors.
The course at Zilker Park will be a lot of grass, but it is sparse, thin grass, not thick and plush. The sub-surface is predominantly a limestone substrate, which will offer a firm hardpack and fast rolling conditions. Even with a lot of rain, the course is unlikely to be muddy. Prepare yourself for a fine gravel surface in places and some loose rocks along with some bigger embedded rocks as well.
One of the main characteristics of the course will be short, steep hills, often with a speed-robbing turn right at the bottom. These 20-30 yard sections will require a sharp acceleration from low speed at the bottom with maximum power output for 10 seconds to get to the top. Webber also characterized the course as "turny" overall, so expect big fluctuations in speed from fast rolling straights, to lower speed turns. Keep in mind that each turn will require a hard acceleration to get back to the higher-than-normal cruising speed on the straights.
The course will also feature two sets of limestone stairs, one longer than the other. These are natural steps in the local limestone layers, so they will not be evenly spaced like some typical park steps. Footing will be a bit tricky and you'll have to pay close attention to the placement of each foot. The sets of limestone steps are fairly close to one another on the course with the longer of the two last in order. With a couple steep hills between the sets of steps, this will likely be a very tough, physically demanding section.
With these course characteristics in mind, the next step is to evaluate your strengths and figure out which course component is most alien to you. How comfortable are you running up longer flights of steps? In your region, do you spend most of your race time slogging through thick mud as opposed to the more quick accelerations to high speed that will be necessary in Austin? How good are you at high-torque accelerations up steep hills from low speed? While fine-tuning your fitness over the next few weeks, modify your workouts to prioritize anticipated weak areas.
For this workout, you'll need to find a set of steps or a steep embankment that will take approximately 20secs to run up. You will also need to easily be able to ride back to the bottom. The pattern of this workout is to alternate between 20seconds "on" and 20seconds "off" for the duration of the set. Each "on" section will alternate between riding on flat ground and doing the dismount/run-up. Intermediate riders can do 2-3sets of 6min each. Advanced riders can do 2-3sets of 8-10min. Heart Rate and Power are not important to monitor during this workout, just go HARD. If you can record the information for analysis after the workout, that would be helpful.
20 seconds "on" Flat: On a flat section of grass or gravel, start from near dead stop, stand up and accelerate as hard as you can for 8-10sec. Then, sit and maintain that high speed with a cadence of 100-110 at a hard pace for the remainder of the 20sec.
20 seconds "off" spin lightly, recover.
20 seconds "on" run: Dismount and sprint up the steps / hill for 20 sec. Concentrate on short steps, high turnover rate, and placement of each foot.
20 seconds "off" spin lightly, recover, ride back to bottom of steps.
The goal of this workout is to develop your ability to execute and recover from hard accelerations while going at race pace. These are best done on a flat road surface, paved or gravel. Steady State intensity is 86-90% of your CTS Field Test power or 92-94% of Field Test heart rate, or an RPE of 8/10. Intermediate riders can do 2-3 intervals of 6-8min. Advanced riders can do 2-3sets of 8-10min. These are a little different than normal SS intervals, though, because there's braking and then and acceleration on the minute. Using the timer on your computer, hit the brakes at :45 and then accelerate from about 5mph so you end your acceleration at 1:00. Ride at SS intensity until 1:45, slow down, then accelerate to 2:00, and so on.


Our homemade marinara sauce over a generous portion of pasta.
Battered fish fillets served with tartar sauce, coleslaw, hush puppies, & fries or baked potato.
Wings in Abbeville, Best wings in abbeville sc, pizza in abbeville sc, wings in abbeville, Best pizza in abbeville sc, Best pasta abbeville sc, italian food abbeville, best italian food abbeville Best seafood abbeville, fish in abbeville, best fish in abbeville, catering in abbeville, catering wings in abbeville, catering italian in abbeville sc.
Like the original Trattoria and Pizzeria of Italy, Theo's started as a place for friends, family and neighbors to get together for good food.
Family owned and operated since 2002, Theo continues to bring passion, flavor and creativity to every meal. If you're looking for high quality and a great tasting pizza, subs, salad or pasta, you've come to the right place! At Theo's Deli and Seafood we have the best subs and pizza in Abbeville and surrounding area.
Looking to host a party and dont want to fuss with the food, then whether it's sandwich platters or a Wings Platter, let us put our experience to work for you and cater your next party. Let Theo's prepare you a meal that will get you and your friends talking, either here at the restaurant or at your next party.
In a hurry, you won't go wrong ordering food for take out! Or if you're out and about for lunch or dinner; then stop in and let us treat and serve you some of our excellent food.
We are located just past the squre on your right (next to the Dollar General).
In a rush? Can't sit down? Don't forget our On-Line Order System for your carry out!


text:
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using NLog;
using Sandbox.Engine.Networking;
using Sandbox.Game.World;
using Torch.API;
using Torch.API.Managers;
using Torch.API.Session;
using Torch.Managers;
using Torch.Mod;
using Torch.Session;
using Torch.Utils;
using VRage.Game;

namespace Torch.Session
{
    /// <summary>
    /// Manages the creation and destruction of <see cref="TorchSession"/> instances for each <see cref="MySession"/> created by Space Engineers.
    /// </summary>
    public class TorchSessionManager : Manager, ITorchSessionManager
    {
        private static readonly Logger _log = LogManager.GetCurrentClassLogger();
        private TorchSession _currentSession;

        private readonly Dictionary<ulong, MyObjectBuilder_Checkpoint.ModItem> _overrideMods;

        public event Action<CollectionChangeEventArgs> OverrideModsChanged;

        /// <summary>
        /// List of mods that will be injected into client world downloads.
        /// </summary>
        public IReadOnlyCollection<MyObjectBuilder_Checkpoint.ModItem> OverrideMods => _overrideMods.Values;

        /// <inheritdoc />
        public event TorchSessionStateChangedDel SessionStateChanged;

        /// <inheritdoc/>
        public ITorchSession CurrentSession => _currentSession;

        private readonly HashSet<SessionManagerFactoryDel> _factories = new HashSet<SessionManagerFactoryDel>();

        public TorchSessionManager(ITorchBase torchInstance) : base(torchInstance)
        {
            _overrideMods = new Dictionary<ulong, MyObjectBuilder_Checkpoint.ModItem>();
            if (Torch.Config.UgcServiceType == UGCServiceType.Steam)
                _overrideMods.Add(TorchModCore.MOD_ID, ModItemUtils.Create(TorchModCore.MOD_ID));
        }

        /// <inheritdoc/>
        public bool AddFactory(SessionManagerFactoryDel factory)
        {
            if (factory == null)
                throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(factory), "Factory must be non-null");
            return _factories.Add(factory);
        }

        /// <inheritdoc/>
        public bool RemoveFactory(SessionManagerFactoryDel factory)
        {
            if (factory == null)
                throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(factory), "Factory must be non-null");
            return _factories.Remove(factory);
        }

        /// <inheritdoc/>
        public bool AddOverrideMod(ulong modId)
        {
            if (_overrideMods.ContainsKey(modId))
                return false;
            var item = ModItemUtils.Create(modId);
            _overrideMods.Add(modId, item);

            OverrideModsChanged?.Invoke(new CollectionChangeEventArgs(CollectionChangeAction.Add, item));
            return true;
        }

        /// <inheritdoc/>
        public bool RemoveOverrideMod(ulong modId)
        {
            if(_overrideMods.TryGetValue(modId, out var item))
                OverrideModsChanged?.Invoke(new CollectionChangeEventArgs(CollectionChangeAction.Remove, item));

            return _overrideMods.Remove(modId);
        }

        #region Session events

        private void SetState(TorchSessionState state)
        {
            if (_currentSession == null)
                return;
            _currentSession.State = state;
            SessionStateChanged?.Invoke(_currentSession, _currentSession.State);
        }

        private void SessionLoading()
        {
            try
            {
                if (_currentSession != null)
                {
                    _log.Warn($"Override old torch session {_currentSession.KeenSession.Name}");
                    _currentSession.Detach();
                }

                _log.Info($"Starting new torch session for {MySession.Static.Name}");

                _currentSession = new TorchSession(Torch, MySession.Static);
                SetState(TorchSessionState.Loading);
            }
            catch (Exception e)
            {
                _log.Error(e);
                throw;
            }
        }

        private void SessionLoaded()
        {
            try
            {
                if (_currentSession == null)
                {
                    _log.Warn("Session loaded event occurred when we don't have a session.");
                    return;
                }
                foreach (SessionManagerFactoryDel factory in _factories)
                {
                    IManager manager = factory(CurrentSession);
                    if (manager != null)
                        CurrentSession.Managers.AddManager(manager);
                }
                (CurrentSession as TorchSession)?.Attach();
                _log.Info($"Loaded torch session for {MySession.Static.Name}");
                SetState(TorchSessionState.Loaded);
            }
            catch (Exception e)
            {
                _log.Error(e);
                throw;
            }
        }

        private void SessionUnloading()
        {
            try
            {
                if (_currentSession == null)
                {
                    _log.Warn("Session unloading event occurred when we don't have a session.");
                    return;
                }
                _log.Info($"Unloading torch session for {_currentSession.KeenSession.Name}");
                SetState(TorchSessionState.Unloading);
                _currentSession.Detach();
            }
            catch (Exception e)
            {
                _log.Error(e);
                throw;
            }
        }

        private void SessionUnloaded()
        {
            try
            {
                if (_currentSession == null)
                {
                    _log.Warn("Session unloading event occurred when we don't have a session.");
                    return;
                }
                _log.Info($"Unloaded torch session for {_currentSession.KeenSession.Name}");
                SetState(TorchSessionState.Unloaded);
                _currentSession = null;
            }
            catch (Exception e)
            {
                _log.Error(e);
                throw;
            }
        }
        #endregion

        /// <inheritdoc/>
        public override void Attach()
        {
            MySession.OnLoading += SessionLoading;
            MySession.AfterLoading += SessionLoaded;
            MySession.OnUnloading += SessionUnloading;
            MySession.OnUnloaded += SessionUnloaded;
        }

        /// <inheritdoc/>
        public override void Detach()
        {
            MySession.OnLoading -= SessionLoading;
            MySession.AfterLoading -= SessionLoaded;
            MySession.OnUnloading -= SessionUnloading;
            MySession.OnUnloaded -= SessionUnloaded;

            if (_currentSession != null)
            {
                if (_currentSession.State == TorchSessionState.Loaded)
                    SessionUnloading();
                if (_currentSession.State == TorchSessionState.Unloading)
                    SessionUnloaded();
            }
        }
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


There is nothing unusual about spies watching ship movements — but reporting precise whereabouts of ships in dock has only one implication. Charles Willoughby, Douglas MacArthur's chief of intelligence, later wrote that the "reports were on a grid system of the inner harbor with coordinate locations of American men of war … coordinate grid is the classical method for pinpoint target designation; our battleships had suddenly become targets." This information was never sent to Kimmel or Short.
Early in 1941 the Dies Committee came into possession of a strategic map which gave clear proof of the intentions of the Japanese to make an assault on Pearl Harbor. The strategic map was prepared by the Japanese Imperial Military Intelligence Department. As soon as I received the document I telephoned Secretary of State Cordell Hull and told him what I had. Secretary Hull directed me not to let anyone know about the map and stated that he would call me as soon as he talked to President Roosevelt. In about an hour he telephoned to say that he had talked to Roosevelt and they agreed that it would be very serious if any information concerning this map reached the news services…. I told him it was a grave responsibility to withhold such vital information from the public. The Secretary assured me that he and Roosevelt considered it essential to national defense.
Kimmel did not give up, however. With the exercise canceled, his carrier chief, Vice Admiral William "Bull" Halsey, issued plans for a 25-ship task force to guard against an "enemy air and submarine attack" on Pearl Harbor. The plan never went into effect. On November 26th, Admiral Stark, Washington's Chief of Naval Operations, ordered Halsey to use his carriers to transport fighter planes to Wake and Midway islands — further depleting Pearl Harbor's air defenses.
On the morning of December 7th, the final portion of Japan's lengthy message to the U.S. government was decoded. Tokyo added two special directives to its ambassadors. The first directive, which the message called "very important," was to deliver the statement at 1 p.m. The second directive ordered that the last copy of code, and the machine that went with it, be destroyed. The gravity of this was immediately recognized in the Navy Department: Japan had a long history of synchronizing attacks with breaks in relations; Sunday was an abnormal day to deliver diplomatic messages — but the best for trying to catch U.S. armed forces at low vigilance; and 1 p.m. in Washington was shortly after dawn in Hawaii!
The Roberts Commission, assigned to investigate the Japanese attack, consisted of personal cronies of Roosevelt and Marshall. The Commission fully absolved Washington and declared that America was caught off guard due to "dereliction of duty" by Kimmel and Short. The wrath of America for these two was exceeded only by its wrath for Tokyo. To this day, many believe it was negligence by the Hawaii commanders that made the Pearl Harbor disaster possible.
*Though a major exposer of the Pearl Harbor conspiracy, Robert Stinnett is sympathetic regarding FDR's motives. He writes in his book: "As a veteran of the Pacific War, I felt a sense of outrage as I uncovered secrets that had been hidden from Americans for more than fifty years. But I understood the agonizing dilemma faced by President Roosevelt. He was forced to find circuitous means to persuade an isolationist America to join in a fight for freedom." In our view, a government that is allowed to operate in such fashion is a government that has embarked on a dangerous, slippery slope toward dictatorship. Nonetheless, Stinnett's position on FDR's motives makes his exposé of FDR's actions all the more compelling.
This article, slightly revised, originally appeared under the title "Pearl Harbor: The Facts Behind the Fiction" in the June 4, 2001 issue of The New American.
This entry was posted on December 8, 2018 by conspiracyanalyst in Conspiracy Theories, U.S. History, US News and tagged Pearl Harbor.


I have created a form for a marriage retreat. But when they fill it out online it comes to my email asNew submission: Agricultural Training Programme 2012. How do I properly name a form. I used the source code function.
Change this line in your email notification to your new title and it will update your email notification.


VENICE, Italy, Aug. 30 (Xinhua) -- The world premiere of "Downsizing" by American director Alexander Payne opened the 2017 Venice Film Festival on Wednesday.
Starring Matt Damon and Kristen Wiig as major characters, the satirical film tells of a surprising "near future" in which Norwegian scientists discover how to shrink people to five inches tall in order to make life on planet more sustainable, and the human community less resource-consuming.
Damon and Wiig -- playing the roles of a middle-class couple -- decide to go through this irreversible path, and to begin a new life with the first community for small people in New Mexico. Such choice would change their lives forever.
As expected, a large crowd of fans waited around the red carpet to watch Matt Damon, American actress Annette Bening -- head of the festival's main jury -- and the other stars parade in the light of Venice Lido's late afternoon.
Besides Payne's new feature, the opening day was marked by a premiere screening of "Nico, 1988" by Italian director Susanna Nicchiarelli, competing in the Horizons section devoted to new cinema trends.
The biographical movie focuses on the last years of German musician and actress Christa Paffgen -- best known by her artistic nickname "Nico" -- singer of Velvet Underground band and one of Andy Warhol's muses.
Overall, this 74th edition of the Venice Film Festival would feature 21 world premieres contending for the Golden Lion, 22 works out of the competition -- including eight documentaries and two medium-length films -- and another 19 in the Horizons section.
While Annette Bening leads the international panel that will confer the Golden Lion, other four juries will preside over the other sections, Venice artistic director Alberto Barbera explained at the opening press conference.
A large space was devoted to the very novelty of this year: a competitive section dedicated to Virtual Reality works.
With some 22 titles in competition, the VR section will allow visitors to choose among seated viewing with visor, stand-up viewing (possibly interactively), and three-dimensional installations.
This section was being held at the Lazzaretto Vecchio, a small island very close to Venice Lido that operated as a leper colony in the 15th century, and has now been opened to the audience of the festival for the first time ever.
"We have given to VR (works) a wonderful space this year, and we meant it, with the very purpose of declaring our interest in this new reality," Paolo Baratta, president of the Venice Biennale organizing the festival, told reporters.
He added the Biennale would always keep an eye open on the different arts, and on the evolution of technical and technological progresses offering new tools to the artistic expression.
"Virtual Reality is not an extension of cinema. It is a new medium being made possible by new technologies, and great filmmakers are currently making experiments with it," artistic director Barbera as well stressed at the press conference.
As such, VR works would exist beside traditional movies in the future -- maybe posing challenges, but no "threat" to cinema -- according to Barbera. "VR would not kill cinema, as much as cinema did not kill any other form of art," he said.
Though Wisconsin may be known for its large dairy industry and national brands, one of its big strengths is the wealth of small independently owned businesses all over the state. Like the rest of the country, these small businesses are feeling the recession and the pressure from the larger, more powerful corporate chains. Many business owners have found themselves looking for alternative forms of funding in order to expand, improve their company or simply make it through the slow season. Many owners haven't even begun researching Wisconsin small business loans before they find they really need it. That would be a mistake; knowing the options before the time comes to choose one will help any small business owner make the right choice as to their Wisconsin small business loan.
Unfortunately finding Wisconsin small business loans is no simple task. With the burst of the housing bubble, banks have closed ranks and upped their demands on those seeking funding. The requirements they stipulate for eligibility of Wisconsin small business loans make it difficult even for the most successful and responsible business owner to qualify.
Bank loans themselves are in and of themselves problematic for many people because of their secured nature. By requiring collateral, the bank or other traditional lender, require the recipient of the loan to put up personal assets in case they cannot return the loan. This could be the owners house, car, savings, anything that might cover some of the losses the lender will incur if the business fails. Obviously, for the owner this is not the best situation. They could find themselves without a business or a home and no way to support themselves.


text:
Sand and gravel resources, Sheet 97 Fraserburgh, Cainozoic of north-east Scotland
Revision as of 08:41, 16 September 2015 by Lmo (talk | contribs)
A checked version of this page, approved on 16 September 2015, was based on this revision.
1 Sheet 97 Fraserburgh
Sheet 97 Fraserburgh
Glacial and glaciofluvial features and the distribution of glacigenic deposits on Sheet 97 Fraserburgh. P915374.
The principal resources of sand and gravel on Sheet 97 (P915374) are of four types.
Moundy glaciofluvial ice-contact deposits, which occur between New Aberdour and Loch Strathbeg.
Terraced glaciofluvial sheet deposits, which occur between Peathill and Rathven, and north-east of Loch of Strathbeg.
Concealed deposits of glaciofluvial gravel in the vicinity of Howe of Byth pit (Appendix 1 Site 6).
Spreads of blown sand, which back the coast between Fraserbrugh and Rattray Head.
Climbing ripple-drift cross-lamination in deltaic sands at Kirkmyres pit, near Fraserburgh. P104110.
Peacock (1983) has described these deposits in some detail. The glaciofluvial deposits are assigned to the Blackhills Sand and Gravel Formation. Although predominantly sandy, the kettled, ice-contact deposits are typically very variable in grain size over short distances. Many of the deposits occur as coarsening-upward deltaic sequences (Peacock and Merritt, 2000d). As well as the ubiquitous clasts of hard metamorphic and igneous rocks, some of the more gravelly units contain sparse shells and clasts of soft sedimentary rocks (of Triassic, Jurassic and Early Cretaceous ages). Typical sections occur in pits near Blackhills (at NJ 926 609 and NJ 926 615) (P104110).
The terraced glaciofluvial deposits are composed predominantly of gravel derived from the local bedrock, but some of the lower lying spreads pass laterally into silt and clay. Considerable amounts of blown sand have accumulated adjacent to Loch Strathbeg. Along the coast, the blown sand is mainly medium grained and composed of quartz with minor amounts of feldspar; shell fragments and small pebbles are present locally. Several deeply weathered outcrops of Devonian conglomerate constitute potential sources of coarse gravel in the area to the west of New Aberdour. This material, which is decomposed to a depth of several metres locally, also extends on to the adjoining Banff sheet.
Retrieved from 'http://earthwise.bgs.ac.uk/index.php?title=Sand_and_gravel_resources,_Sheet_97_Fraserburgh,_Cainozoic_of_north-east_Scotland&oldid=21697'

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
"""
    Hardtree URLs
"""
from django.conf.urls.defaults import *
from django.conf import settings
from django.contrib import admin
from dajaxice.core import dajaxice_autodiscover
dajaxice_autodiscover()

def if_installed(appname, *args, **kwargs):
    ret = url(*args, **kwargs)
    if appname not in settings.INSTALLED_APPS:
        ret = url(r'^(\.(?P<response_format>\w+))?$', 'maker.core.dashboard.views.index', name='home')
        #ret.resolve = lambda *args: None
    return ret

# Uncomment the next two lines to enable the admin:
# from django.contrib import admin
admin.autodiscover()

urlpatterns = patterns('',
    url(r'^(\.(?P<response_format>\w+))?$', 'maker.core.dashboard.views.index', name='home'),

    (r'^user/', include('maker.core.urls')),
    (r'^accounts/', include('maker.core.urls')),

    (r'^account/', include('maker.account.urls')),

    (r'^search/', include('maker.core.search.urls')),
    (r'^dashboard/', include('maker.core.dashboard.urls')),
    (r'^admin/', include('maker.core.administration.urls')),

    (r'^trash/', include('maker.core.trash.urls')),

    (r'^documents/', include('maker.documents.urls')),
    (r'^calendar/', include('maker.events.urls')),
    (r'^finance/', include('maker.finance.urls')),
    (r'^contacts/', include('maker.identities.urls')),
    (r'^infrastructure/', include('maker.infrastructure.urls')),
    (r'^knowledge/', include('maker.knowledge.urls')),
    (r'^messaging/', include('maker.messaging.urls')),
    (r'^news/', include('maker.news.urls')),
    (r'^projects/', include('maker.projects.urls')),
    (r'^sales/', include('maker.sales.urls')),
    (r'^services/', include('maker.services.urls')),
    (r'^reports/', include('maker.reports.urls')),

    # API handlers
    (r'^api/', include('maker.core.api.urls')),

    # Forest
    if_installed('maker.forest', r'^forest/', include('maker.forest.urls')),

    # Mobile handler
    url(r'^m(?P<url>.+)?$', 'maker.core.views.mobile_view', name='core_mobile_view'),

    # Help handler
    url(r'^help(?P<url>[a-zA-Z0-9-_/]+)?(\.(?P<response_format>\w+))?$', 'maker.core.views.help_page', name='core_help_page_view'),

    # Close iframe
    url(r'^iframe/?$', 'maker.core.views.iframe_close', name='core_iframe_close'),

    # Nuvius Connector
    (r'^nuconnector/', include('nuconnector.urls')),

    # Captcha Config
    url(r'^captcha/', include('captcha.urls')),

    url(r'^%s/' % settings.DAJAXICE_MEDIA_PREFIX, include('dajaxice.urls')),

    # Uncomment the admin/doc line below and add 'django.contrib.admindocs'
    # to INSTALLED_APPS to enable admin documentation:
    # (r'^admin/doc/', include('django.contrib.admindocs.urls')),

    # Changed to backend (because it's backend!)
     (r'^backend/', include(admin.site.urls)),
     (r'^static/(?P<path>.*)$', 'django.views.static.serve', {'document_root': settings.STATIC_DOC_ROOT}),
)

if 'rosetta' in settings.INSTALLED_APPS:
    urlpatterns += patterns('',
        url(r'^rosetta/', include('rosetta.urls')),
    )


The Special Ed Advocate is a free online newsletter from Wrightslaw. The newsletter provides accurate, up-to-date information about special education legal and advocacy issues. Our goal is to help readers navigate the confusing world of special education and get quality services for children with disabilities. Our Mission.
The 2004 Archives includes links to all issues of The Special Ed Advocate newsletter published in 2004. To read issues published since April 1998, please visit the Newsletter Archives.
December 20, 2004 - Free tutoring & tutors for kids; free special ed advocacy course; free professional development workshops; alternative routes to teaching; free shipping, price cuts, autographed books; free advice - taking care of yourself; free help & free listings on Yellow Pages for Kids; winter schedule - Wrightslaw programs in FL, NJ, NY, IN, MO, AZ.
December 14, 2004 - IDEA 2004 - schools cannot require kids to be medicated; answers to your questions about passing grades, IQ scores, eligibility; how to get services by asking questions; why gatekeepers say 'no;' free shipping & price cuts in our holiday special; when is a child entitled to a personal aide; behavior & discipline info; winter schedule - Wrightslaw programs in FL, NJ, NY, MO, AZ.
December 7, 2004 - President signs reauthorized IDEA; highly qualified special ed teachers under IDEA 2004; help for teachers, principals, paraprofessionals; free shipping & price cuts - holiday special; what is your NCLB IQ?; free pub - The Road to Nowhere; winter schedule - Wrightslaw programs in FL, NJ, OH, NY, MO.
November 30, 2004 - How IEPs will change under IDEA 2004; Rule 11 & attorneys fees; download full text of IDEA 2004 compared with IDEA-97; Holiday Special - prices cut, free shipping; independent educational evaluations; what you should know about evaluations; Wrightslaw programs in OK, FL, NJ, OH, NY, MO.
November 23, 2004 - IDEA 2004 update - changes to key statutes; purposes of IDEA; definitions changed; transition services; free pubs about transition & your child's IEP; help for college students; rights & responsibilities in college; scholarships.
November 9, 2004 - Failure to include regular ed teacher on IEP team is fatal; procedural safeguards & parent notice; top 10 articles for October; IDEA Update - negotiations continue; sample letter with background info & resources; educating all children; find help in the Yellow Pages for Kids.
November 2, 2004- Reading and research; double-dipping - kids with disabilities and Title I reading programs; effective methods to teach reading; teaching adolescents to read; teaching late bloomers; retention as an intervention; caselaw about reading; Wrightslaw programs in VA & OK.
October 26, 2004 - What is your IEP IQ?; your child's IEP - practical & legal guidance; teaching a child to read: Reading First or special ed?; strategies for IEP goals & objectives; how to use a parent IEP attachment; recommended books about IEPs; symposium on educating at-risk children.
October 19, 2004 - Child with 504 plan is failing, school won't help; who is eligible for protections under Section 504 (not IDEA); answers to your frequently asked questions; advocacy 101 - gatekeepers & why schools say "no"; IDEA reauthorization news; free professional development courses for teachers; free tutors for kids.
October 12, 2004 - How to get a certified reading teacher; feds publish inaccurate info on graduation rates for disabled kids; court overrules decision in stay-put case as "unfair to parents"; due process hearings; Surviving Due Process; winter schedule - Wrightslaw programs in VA, OK, FL, NJ, OH, NY.
October 5, 2004 - Creative ways to help disaster victims; sending disabled kids home from school early; who is protected under Section 504; early reviews of Surviving Due Process: Stephen Jeffers v. School Board; rights of children in after-school programs; discrimination & Brown v. Bd of Education; free newsletters & journals.
September 28, 2004 - Facing facts on reading; info and resources about reading for parents & teachers; do reading definitions in NCLB apply to general ed programs; NCLB for attorneys & advocates - reading instruction, research, assessments; new issue of The Beacon: Journal of Special Ed Law & Practice.
September 21, 2004 - Special education due process hearings; how to resolve disputes - mediation, negotiation, litigation; how to prepare for a special ed due process hearing; how to put on a special education case; do parents of disabled children have rights in the workplace?; find help in the Yellow Pages for Kids with Disabilities.
September 16, 2004 - Getting help for a child with reading problems; what does law say about passing grades; can parent get child's IEP changed: do teachers have to provide accommodations in child's IEP; new issue of The Beacon on high-stakes testing; Wrightslaw programs in CT, VA, OK.
September 9, 2004 - How to know if your child is making progress; what is your bell curve IQ; 9 myths about testing; why parents should get an evaluation by an independent evaluator; Stephen Jeffers v. School Board - coming soon; how to find out if your child's teacher is highly qualified; online course about bullying & school aggression.
August 31, 2004 - Special thanks from Pete & Pam Wright; psychologists object to advice about evaluations by independent evaluators; expert witnesses & psycho-educational reports; parent advocacy - what you should do and not do; why not the best? lessons about FAPE; online guide to special education rights & responsibilities; NCLB seminars; free pub about NCLB.
August 26, 2004 - Advice for parent whose child can't read; teaching children to read; parents of child with autism reimbursed for ABA & private preschool; intensive early intervention & autism; Alaska high-stakes lawsuit settles; class action suit filed in NYC; find help in new Yellow Pages for Kids.
August 17, 2004 - Success story: how I used school evals to get ABA therapy program; are children with ADD/ADHD eligible for special ed; useful pubs on evaluations & eligibility from USDOE; are schools required to give personal info to military recruiters; how will NCLB affect you?
August 12, 2004 - Planning is key to success; success story - why plans are our safety net; assertiveness & effective parent advocacy; managing your child's documents; "Paper Chase" in The Beacon; advocacy training programs in Indianapolis, Hartford CT, Virginia Beach, & Oklahoma City.
August 3, 2004 - Advice about "10-day notice letters"; how to use letters to persuade & prevail; how to deal with confusing terms & jargon; choreography of trial preparation; representing the special ed child.
July 28, 2004. Why you should request a paraprofessional, not an aide; how to request a one-to-one parapro for your child; FAQs about related services; how to get FAPE and avoid due process; Partners in Policymaking; free online advocacy course for parents.
July 21, 2004 - Dealing with a hostile school environment; resolving problems & protecting relationships; Letter to the Stranger & changing perspectives; learning to negotiate & persuade; legal decisions about advocacy by parents; Getting to Yes, How to Argue and Win.
July 14, 2004 - Discipline - still a hot topic; can the school suspend or expel a child with LD/ADHD; what you need to know about functional behavioral assessments; caselaw on discipline; free pub - IEP Team's Introduction to Behavior Assessments & Intervention Plans and more; Why Johnny Doesn't Behave - 20 Tips from Experts.
July 7, 2004 - New decision from 8th Circuit ends parental nightmare; responsibility for providing FAPE; alternatives to name-calling & other bad behavior; mistakes parents make; when parents and schools disagree - how to resolve disputes; school leaders testify in favor of NCLB.
June 30, 2004 - Winner of the "Name That Video Contest"; IDEA Reauthorization Update; side-by-side analysis of bills to reauthorize IDEA; find out how your school is doing under NCLB; Special Ed Muckraker needs your help; Bridges4Kids News Digest.
June 23, 2004 - How to get an appropriate education and avoid due process; encouraging parents to be adversarial; teachers and low expectations; advice about law school; advice about moving; objections to Boot Camp as "militant."
June 16, 2004 - Summer school for parents; learn about legal rights & responsibilities; find help in your community; join a parent group; take action, help others, start a FETA Study Group; Reading Recovery & IEP problems.
June 8, 2004 - Summer school for parents; get a psychoeducational evaluation; measure child's progress; learn about SMART IEPs; what people are saying about Wrightslaw books; get your state academic standards.
June 3, 2004 - Summer school for parents; take care of yourself & your family; write a thank-you note; develop your master plan; learn to negotiate; learn about child's disability and effective education; Boot Camp in Sacramento; help from Yellow Pages for Kids with Disabilities.
May 25, 2004 - Evaluations; how to use an evaluator; factors to consider when selecting an evaluator; preparing psycho-educational reports; mistakes people make - independent evaluators & advocates; top 5 articles in May.
May 19, 2004 - Your role at your child's IEP meeting; progress in general curriculum; how to use info from evaluations in the IEP; child's IQ scores falling, school says he is "doing fine"; how a parent lobbied for an appropriate program; free pubs about IEPs.
May 4, 2004 - A fresh look at special ed advocacy; mistakes people make - parents, schools; help for teachers, paraprofessionals, principals; Wrightslaw programs in AL, FL, WA, CA; free workshops for teachers; help from Yellow Pages for Kids with Disabilities.
April 27, 2004 - Transition from school to work; legal requirements for transition in IEPs; follow-up letters and IEP meetings; how to use a parent IEP attachment; good cases about IEPs; free pubs about IEP and transition; Wrightslaw programs in MD, AL, FL, WA, CA.
April 21, 2004 - How to write IEP goals & objectives; how to get an IEP revised; who is responsible for providing an appropriate program?; Wrightslaw books - easy on tight budgets; frequently asked questions about IEPs; teaching reading - special Ed or Reading First?; IEP caselaw.
April 13, 2004 - Advocating for your child - getting started; IEP goals & objectives; how to disagree with the school; Alaska students with disabilities graduate with diplomas; exit exams can be optional if you plan ahead; new issue of The Beacon about high-stakes testing.
April 7, 2004 - One million dollar verdict for special ed teacher in retaliation case upheld; inside story of one million dollar verdict; lessons from the Settlegoode case - paper trails and letter writing; Council of Parent Attorneys and Advocates; Wrightslaw programs in AK, MD, AL.
March 30, 2004 - What is your NCLB IQ?; myths & realities about children with disabilities under NCLB; retention - special ed teacher needs ammo; IEPs and IEP meetings; NCLB news about testing, teacher qualifications.
March 23, 2004 - Requirements about children with disabilities & high-stakes tests; high-stakes lawsuit filed in Alaska; exit exams optional if you plan ahead; next issue of The Beacon focuses on high-stakes tests, accommodations, modifications; March 24 is Call Your Senators Day; effective teachers, teacher education, closing achievement gap.
March 16, 2004 - How to get the school to provide an appropriate reading program; review of special ed rights & responsibilities; FAPE; A Parent's Guide to NCLB; recommended books about reading and research-based reading programs.
March 9, 2004 - Brent Staples, advocate for children; help for children with reading problems; Reading Library; future of NCLB; saving children & education reform.
March 2, 2004 - Autism and PDD; debate about ABA /Lovaas therapy; functional behavior assessments & positive interventions; anatomy of special ed case; ABA/Lovaas caselaw; support groups & organizations.
February 25, 2004 - School culture and the "blame game;" school won't evaluate child with 504 Plan, says child must fail; accommodations and modifications on high-stakes tests; next wave of special education litigation; high-stakes testing flyer; subscribe to The Beacon; Wrightslaw programs in MI, NH, AK, MD.
February 19, 2004 - Writing IEPs for success; IEP resources and help; letter from advocates about state returning federal funds; NCLB news; free pubs about IEPs, reading, bullying, private school students, behavior & discipline; Wrightslaw programs in IL, IN, MI.
February 11, 2004 - How to prepare for mediation; how to resolve disputes by negotiation, mediation, litigation; FAQs about mediation; learning to negotiate; mediation & the lighter side of special ed.
February 3, 2004 - What is your IEP IQ?; IDEA reauthorization - advocates speak out, organize, demonstrate; 8 steps to better IEP meetings; how to use a parent IEP attachment; IEP info and resources; Wrightslaw programs sell out.
January 27, 2004 - States sit on 5.7 billion in federal funds; how to hire a lay advocate or attorney; how to work with an educational consultant or evaluator; strategies for getting help - database of service providers; Council of Parent Attorneys and Advocates (COPAA) conference in San Francisco; Pete and Pam go to Midwest, provides special Ed legal and advocacy training.
January 20, 2004 - Reading at Wrightslaw; information and resources for parents and teachers; tutors, training, & research-based instruction; free pubs about reading; caselaw about reading; Children of the Code; put Wrightslaw training on your "to-do" list.
January 14, 2004 - States send millions in education funds back to feds; what to expect from an evaluation of your child; what you need to know about evaluations; working with evaluators and educational consultants; tests to evaluate reading problems; put a Wrightslaw training program on your "to-do" list.
January 7, 2004 - New site - No Child Left Behind at Wrightslaw; how NCLB will affect you; NCLB law, regulations, guidance publications, policy letters; reading and research-based instruction; No Child Left Behind information directories; education statistics & report cards; flyers, fact sheets, brochures, free newsletters.


It sounded like Mission Impossible when I received the email.
"Explain why sensible adults choose a Disney resort for a vacation - even when they don't have children or grandchildren as deep cover," I read (before it self-destructed).
So I'm here at a matinee performance of the live musical Frozen at the Hyperion Theater in Disney California Park, a former car park that opened in 2001 as the younger sister of the original Disneyland.
Forget Dante's Inferno, this is my Disney version of hell. An hour listening to Let It Go?
But as the lights dim in the auditorium packed with primary school aged children, a woman asks if the empty seat beside me is reserved.
She's obviously Australian. I ask what she's doing watching Frozen alone.
Turns out she's the chief executive of a women's refuge charity in Australia, she explains, and has just presented a paper at the United Nations in New York. But she's added four days, at her own expense, for "me-time".
Really? Disney? Why, I ask, as Frozen begins?
Now I'm paraphrasing here because I'm being shushed by six- year-olds. But the gist is: "it's a release from the real world, a chance to bathe in the innocence of youth, to escape the shackles of adult conformity".
After the show, UN woman tells me she's enjoyed Disney resorts around the world with her husband and children, but they adore the more scary rides which she hates.
So she's going to concentrate on things she prefers (shows, parades, the classic attractions). Suddenly it doesn't seem so weird being an adult without kids at a Disney resort.
Disney won't reveal what proportion of its annual guests are adults without children, though I'd put it as high as 15 per cent. Many are Californians who buy annual passes. But others are clearly international visitors, and Disneyland is the main Disney destination for Australians.
When Walt Disney opened Disneyland in 1955, there was nothing like it. Legend has it that Disney - already famous because of his cartoons and animated feature films (beginning with 1937's Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs) - was bored sitting on park benches while his children had all the fun. So he imagined an amusement park that would entertain the entire family.
Unlike Donald Trump, Walt didn't want his creation to be emblazoned with his own surname, pitching his concept as "Mickeyworld". But older brother, Roy persuaded him "Disney" would outlast Mickey Mouse.
During construction on a former orange grove in then rural Anaheim, Walt stayed in an apartment over Disneyland's "fire station", supervising his dream becoming reality. Once the park was open, he greeted visitors, reminding employees they were all members of "a cast" and should never appear "out-of-character".
When Nikita Khrushchev, President of the USSR, visited the UN during the Cuban Missile Crisis in 1960, he asked to visit Disneyland. His request was turned down by the American security services.
For two decades, there have been two Disney parks in Anaheim, known collectively as Disneyland Resort. They are separated by a central Olympic-sized boulevard which leads to Downtown Disney (the free-to-access shopping street with plenty of cafes and restaurants) and hotels, motels and apartments that now border the resort.
This remains much as Disney designed it. Enter via Main Street USA, an idealised version of what America might have been without the Depression, and you'll be immediately struck by the cleanliness, the quaintness (horse-drawn streetcars) and the Disney characters.
Keep an eye out for Oswald the Lucky Rabbit. He was Walt's first cartoon hit, but Disney was cheated out of the copyright by New York bankers. Facing financial ruin, Disney drew a series of circles that became Mickey Mouse on the train back to LA. The Disney Corporation regained the rights in 2006.
At the end of Main Street USA, beyond the statue of the adult Walt and Mickey hand in hand, you can't miss the most familiar Disney icon of all - Sleeping Beauty's Castle.
It's based on a real European castle, but Disney saw a model and felt it would look more dramatic built back to front.Many of Disney's original conceptions are here: Adventureland (now home to Tarzan's Treehouse); New Orleans Square (Pirates of the Caribbean and the Haunted Mansion); Frontierland (Big Thunder Mountain Railroad); Fantasyland (the Matterhorn Bobsleds), Mickey's Toontown (strictly for adults reliving their childhoods) and Tomorrowland (Space Mountain).
This park represents the youthful Walt, newly arrived in Los Angeles from Chicago in the 1920s with big dreams and empty pockets.DCA's equivalent of Main Street USA is Buena Vista Street, named after the address of Disney's Burbank Studios. The Spanish-American style Cathay Circle restaurant and bar is a replica of the Hollywood theatre where the premiere of Snow White was held. Unlike DL, alcohol is readily available. In fact DCA is hosting an annual Californian Wine & Food festival when we visit. Head for Hollywood Land (Guardians of the Galaxy), move swiftly past A Bug's Life (great for kids) to Cars Land (Radiator Springs Racers), and then onto Pixar Pier, dedicated to Disney's absorption of Pixar after Steve Jobs died. The newly cast Incredicoaster, inspired by Incredibles 2, is the highpoint (literally).
The old Tower of Terror has been made over to relive the characters from Marvel's 2014, Disney-released movie starring Chris Pratt. It helps if you've seen the movie to get the in-jokes.
Imagine yourself in a high-speed hang glider, flashing over the world's greatest sites (including Sydney Harbour). Most of the footage is real, but one historic site refused permission to film that low.
Both Disneyland originals are sometimes dismissed as "old-fashioned". But where else will you find heritage rides older than you are which are still so much fun?
My children were raised on the Cars movies, so it's almost obligatory to chose this. Yet it's hard to believe Disney has recreated Lightning McQueen's desert mountainside courting ground with Sally so perfectly on the flat plains of Anaheim.
Set in The Temple of the Forbidden Eye, you descend in Indy's cobwebbed footsteps to discover carvings that tell you about Mara, the ancient deity who promised untold riches to the pure and certain death to any imposter who stared into his eyes.
Baby Jack-Jack, now in his terrible twos, is the star (and will make you glad you're here without kids).
Watch at least one parade before you dismiss it as pure kitsch.
They always feature Mickey and usually the other three members of Disney's Big Four - Donald Duck, Goofy and Minnie.
There's a 45-minute, toddler-friendly parade around 3pm in DL, followed by an after-dark parade at DCA (6pm onwards). When we visited, early in 2018, both featured Pixar floats from such films as Up, Toy Story and Inside Out.
As for the classic fireworks display over Sleeping Beauty Castle (wind dependent), pick a position midway along Main Street USA. Increasingly, laser and cinematic light shows are an essential part of the Disney experience.
Disneyland Resort has suffered an understandably bad reputation for overpriced fast food over the years, but - as an adult - there are alternatives. My favourites?
1. Cathay Circle Restaurant (DCA). After a cocktail in the bar, climb the stairs. I chose the Fire Cracker Duck Wings ("Farewell, Donald, I knew thee well!"), and the Skuna Bay Salmon (Unagi glazed with heirloom tomatoes and roasted corn).
2. Blue Bayou Restaurant (DL). New Orleans Square is a good place to eat since Australians rarely get to taste Cajun cuisine. There are several restaurants which serve gumbo, jambalaya and New Orleans fritters. Blue Bayou is the best.
3. Uva Bar and Cafe (Downtown Disney). Regular Disney visitors often prefer to eat at Downtown Disney, where there's more adult choice and much superior coffee! Uva Bar serves "Cal-Med" (a Californian take on Mediterranean cuisine) with lots of fish and fresh local ingredients.
4. Napa Rose Restaurant (Grand Californian Hotel). Venture into the resort's 4.5 star flagship hotel just to embrace its over-the-top, ludicrously dark, baronial ambiance. But Napa Rose, its signature restaurant, has continually featured in Californian awards since it opened in 2002.
5. Trader Sam's Enchanted Tiki Bar (Disneyland Hotel). Order a "Dark and Stormy" cocktail, just for the theatre of watching the barman ring a bell, shout "Stormy weather" and and spray the bar with water. The "log cabin" bar is unforgettable - and huge fun for a nightcap.
Preferably outside the peak seasons, when queues are shorter.
At least an hour before the parks open so you can be near the front of the queue. Early morning is the least busy part of the day.
But if you only have a single day, buy a Park Hopper ticket so you can swap between the two parks. The usual trick is to begin in DL, spend the afternoon in DCA, and head back to watch the evening fireworks in DL.
If you're visiting with others, check your individual "must-do" attractions and work out a compromise itinerary. It's impossible to do everything, so don't try.
The new Disney MaxPass app - for US$10 a day per ticket - allows you to reserve FastPass+ access to popular rides. See disneyland.com/maps.
Anyone who has been skiing will know the best way to beat queues is to ride the ski lift as a single. If two of you line up in the single line, chances are that you will travel on the same "car" (though not side by side).
Disney's Grand Californian Hotel & Spa is a four-star hotel by Australian standards, but great fun (with pool, gym, spa and direct access to DCA and DD). The other two Disney hotels are Paradise Pier and the Disneyland. See disneyland.disney.go.com.
Steve Meacham was a guest of Disneyland Resort.


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August looms, but prep sports answers await
Lon Austin
OSAA delays opening of games until Sept. 23 and football may not be allowed at all as it's a full-contact sport
One of the biggest questions sports fans have had over the summer is: are we going to have high school sports?
The answer is that despite the fact that many teams are currently practicing and that the OSAA executive board met in a closed door session July 20-22, is we still don't know.
What we do know is that the situation is in flux, and is rapidly changing.
Iowa is in the process of concluding a state championship in baseball. They played the regular season this summer. At the same time California has already announced that they will not have any sports seasons until at least December and that football as well as some other fall sports will be moved to the spring.
Meanwhile, the Oregon Schools Activities Association held a three-day closed-door executive board meeting July 20-22. Several things came out of that meeting, but still no assurance of a fall sports season.
Following the meeting, the OSAA announced that start dates for contested volleyball, cross country and soccer events would be Sept. 23. It had previously been Aug. 27.
Football, meanwhile, is considered a full contact activity per the governor's and OHA guidelines and is currently prohibited. Controlled practices are allowed but no games. It was also put forth that unless rules prohibiting football are lifted by Sept. 28, there will be chance for a revised football season that would include post-season play.
OSAA Executive Director Peter Weber released an official statement following the meeting saying that the board continues to be committed to providing school sports and activities in the fall, as long as it is safe to do so and within the guidelines set by the Oregon Governor's Office, Oregon Health Authority and the Oregon Department of Education.
"During the past few weeks and months, we've received countless emails advocating for the safe return of school sports and activities," Weber said. "Just as schools will not look the same in the fall of 2020, it's clear that school sports and activities will not either. It's important to remember that any participation that can be done safely is a positive step forward for the physical health and mental well-being of students and their communities."
Prep athletic programs in both Prineville and Madras have been doing summer workouts since the two counties entered Phase 1 of the governor's reopening plan. Now that the two counties are in Phase 2 those workouts now include some team activities.
However, the athletic directors for all Madras, Culver and Crook County high schools are have made it clear that there have been a lot of changes from past practices. Schools have required students and parents to sign a waiver form before being allowed to attend summer practices.
"One of the crazy things we've had is they had to sign a waiver to participate this summer and we had more than 180 kids sign that waiver," said Madras High School Athletic Director Evan Brown. "It just shows that our kids are clamoring for something to do. Who knows, I guess the proof is in the pudding, all I know is that our participation in these off-season workouts are higher than they've ever been."
At Culver, Athletic Director Shea Little said summer activities on July 1, and included the volleyball, basketball and football programs.
" I provided the coaching staffs with masks for each athlete, hand sanitizer, thermometers, and wipes for equipment. We take temps and check for all of the signs before each session. Coaches wipe down equipment during and after practices."
Little made the decision to postpone football practices after the OSAA decision that there would be no football this fall unless the OHA guidelines and governor's ruling changes on the sport in time for a season.
"I have postponed football since the announcement last week. I am waiting until the OSAA meets again on August 3rd to create a plan for the fall," said Little.
With football still uncertain, CHS is expecting to field its usual fall sports: volleyball and cross country.
"I am hoping that we have athletics this fall! If there is a chance that we might not have football, we will find something for our football players to compete in," said Little.
CCHS-MHS ON SIMILAR TRACTS
Comparing sports practices at Crook County and Madras, both schools' athletes are practicing in pods of 10 or fewer, with most teams keeping the same pods so that athletes are exposed to as few people as possible. All coaches at Madras High School are wearing masks, while coaches at indoor practices were wearing masks at Crook County High School.
As of Friday, restrictions tightened even further, with all players at both schools required to wear masks inside.
Crook County High School has purchased an ion sanitizing machine, which is being used currently for basketballs and volleyballs. Football equipment is currently being sanitized by hand, but the football program is expected to use the machine as well later in the year.
Madras is also taking extra precautions with sanitizing equipment. In addition players may only enter the gym through one door, and all players are staged in the parking lot until a coach calls for them to prevent players from congregating in close proximity to each other around doors or gates at practice facilities.
"When kids arrive they go through that questionnaire and they have to sanitize upon arrival," Brown said. "Most of our pods we are keeping under 10 just because if we've got a kid that hasn't been in before we can place him, or her, into a pod for that week. They are sanitizing throughout the workouts and they are bringing their own water bottles and not refilling them at the school. Whenever gear changes pods all that stuff is being sanitized and at the end of practice everything is sanitized again."
Custodial staff at both schools are also working hard to ensure that all door knobs, floors, access points etc., are sanitized.
Still, despite all the additional safety precautions no one really knows if there will be a fall season or not.
Even those activities that are scheduled to begin contests on Sept. 23 are still in jeopardy.
"That allows for some time to make those decisions and have those conversations," Weber said of delaying the start of fall contests. "And it allows schools to get reopened, in whatever format that looks like. We need to allow schools to focus on that as much as they can."
"I'm very much a realist," Brown said. "I was pretty optimistic up until the Pac-12 made their adjustments (including playing only an in-conference football schedule) and now it gets me thinking that maybe things may not be as well as I had hoped."
"I'm very hopeful that there is going to be fall sports," said Bonner. "The way things are up and down now, I'm very hopeful that there is going to be fall sports. Speaking with OSAA, they expect to start (official practices) August 17, on time, so I'm hopeful with that, but because things are so up in the air it's hard for me to envision things like full stands at a football game. I'm sure that they are going to limit, or do away with spectators at first."
Bonner added that he is not looking forward to restricting spectators at games, but would rather do that than have no athletics at all.
"I'm dreading that to be honest," he said of limiting spectators. "That's going to be a rough sell. It's going to be unfortunate, but our goal is to get athletes playing in the fall. So, if fans have to sit out, we will get creative with our livestreams. We will get creative. Good will come out of it. Kids will play and that's our goal."
Brown agreed that finding a way for athletes to participate is the big goal.
"I think pretty much all of the Central Oregon ADs' stance is we don't really care if they have to limit the number of games, if they have to start the season late, just find a way to allow our kids to participate. Even if that's with no fans in the stands, then so be it. We just want to be able to find a way for our kids to be able to participate in some way. It may be modified. It may be later. It may be fewer contests. Whatever it is, please find a way for our kids to participate."
The OSAA Executive Board is scheduled to meet again starting on Monday, August 3.
Weber said that the goal at those meetings is to "exhaust all options" for having fall activities in the fall. "if that isn't possible the OSAA would consider options such as shifting seasons."
Regardless of when games will resume, summer practices are continuing at both schools.
Meanwhile, most Crook County teams are also practicing, with football and volleyball each Monday and Wednesday evening and cross country running at least three days a week in the morning. In addition, boys and girls soccer are doing a conditioning program, and there is a generic conditioning program at the track on Tuesday and Thursday morning that is open to all athletes regardless of sport.
"I want people to know how proud I am of the athletes and coaches who have chosen to get started as early as possible," Bonner said. "It would be easier for the coaches to just take this time off and say nah, everything is so up in the air that we are not going to do anything right now. We will get together as soon as we can. You know, that would have been easy, because it's a lot of work and our coaches every single one of them have stepped up to give opportunities to athletes. I know that our athletes are frustrated, but they are staying patient. They are allowing us to do what we have to do to keep everybody safe and I'm proud of our group of athletes and coaches."
"Whatever the OSAA and the state is game for we are game for," added Brown. "One of the things that we joked about a little bit is if we are not able to have football or soccer or volleyball or those kinds of things in the fall, we might have 200 kids out for cross country. You know we say that tongue in cheek and jokingly, but I think our kids are just clamoring for something to do and I think that may be somewhat more realistic than we think it is."


Looking for a job as a secretary? Here's an article that explains its importance and how to write a cover letter for the job.
A secretary cover letter is written to the recruiting company to whom you're sending your job application. It is usually sent with the resume, and helps you highlight your skills better. When you write the cover letter, you ideally ought to include a majority of your skills which you feel will help you perform better on the job.
A cover letter is a little something to go with your resume. It adds a bit of weight to your resume writing by giving a small glimpse into the person you are and your professional qualities, apart from the making it look a lot more professional. It helps the recruiter understand you, beyond your qualifications. It helps him understand your qualities.
The letter basically focuses on why you think you are a good candidate for the job being offered. You need to highlight your qualities which you feel you have and the recruiting company would like their ideal candidate to possess. It is used particularly to drive home the point to the recruiter, that you really are a good catch for them.
Being a formal letter, one needs to watch the language when writing samples. The address and style of writing needs to be strictly professional and factual. A lot of people go overboard with their cover letter. Restrict yourself to the facts and emphasize them. Do not sensationalize it. Keep it light and formal.
And lastly, format the letter well. By format, I don't mean use gaudy and extraordinarily large fonts. Highlight some of the more impressive points. Use bold, italics, and underline functions to achieve maximum effect.
In your newspaper advertisement about the opening for the job of a secretary in your company, you said that you wanted someone who is hard-working, experienced, and a go-getter.
I believe that I am this person.
Having worked as a personal secretary to the regional vice-president of ABC Corp, I feel I have handled my job remarkably well, and have been there for my boss, for whatever reason, whenever the need would arise.
I am also very well qualified, having completed my Bachelor's in (field name) and have passed with 85% marks.
My current employer will also testify that I have been just as good at my job as any other that he may have employed before.
So, I feel that I have the necessary skills to offer to your company and I am sure that given the opportunity to work for your prestigious company, I will not be letting you down.
It is always a good practice to back up your claims in your cover letter with facts, so that the whole thing looks a lot more believable and impressive.


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April 21, 2019 By Patricia Hruby Powell Leave a Comment
"Pride" (Balzer & Bray 2018) by Ibi Zoboi is a remake of "Pride and Prejudice." If you've read Jane Austen's masterpiece, this is, in part, a fun puzzle. How will Zoboi—a National Book Award Finalist of 2018 for her work "American Street"—translate 19th Century white mores to the hood? And who is who?
Austen's heroine Elizabeth Bennet becomes Zuri Benitez, one of the five Benitez sisters whose parents are Haitian and Domincan-American. So we get Haitian santoria culture as well as Hispanic flavors and foods. Mrs. Benitez isn't as ditzy as Mrs. Bennet, although she does love the culture of gossip and matchmaking for her daughters. She has charisma that Mrs. Bennet lacks, and throws block parties in Bushwick that are renowned in their section of fast-gentrifying Brooklyn.
So not only does Zuri feel pride in her culture and her Bushwick neighborhood we have the theme of being driven out of one's neighborhood by gentrification—due to soaring real estate costs. The rich African-American Darcy family moves in across the street to a luxuriously renovated mansion helping to drive up the price of property.
Zuri detests Darius Darcy for this as well as for his snobbery. Darius's older brother Ainsley (yep, you got it, Misters Darcy and Bingley are brothers in Zoboi's version) falls for Janai Benitez, Zuri's older sweet and lovely sister.
Kayla and Layla Benitez are the boy crazy younger twins whose gossipy prattle includes speculation of who is "digging pockets" or gold-digging. Darius overhears, misunderstands, and alerts Ainsley who backs off from poor heart-broken Janae.
Mr. Benitez is less long-suffering and more heroic than Mr. Bennet, in raising his five daughters. And yep, there's a Colin, but nowhere near as colorful as the despicable Mr. Collins. He's present nevertheless.
What about the scandal? And the villain? Warren is a poor smart black kid from the hood who won a scholarship to attend Darius' spiffy Manhattan private school. Warren speaks Zuri's language, has the right swag, likes the right music, and shares her "ghetto" experience. So she falls for him and despises Darius for not backing up Warren—until she finds Warren compromising the reputation of her thirteen-year-old sister Kayla at a party.
It all comes clear for Zuri with the help of Darius Darcy. We we cheer for her and her aspiration to attend the traditional black Howard University outside of Washington DC.
This is such a fun and informative read! Rural and white reader learns a lot about urban African American culture. I'd have called "Pride" a resurrection if I thought that "Pride and Prejudice" were dead. Burt for some young readers "Pride" might indeed be a resurrection.
Patricia Hruby Powell is the author of the award winning books: Struttin' With Some Barbeuce; Josephine; and Loving vs Virginia. She teaches a community class in writing at Parkland College. talesforallages.com


text:
Why I can't stand neo-segregationists
In Feminism , Gender , Intersectionality , Sex & Sexuality
As is my wont, I was hovering spectrally in the internet's howling dark when my friend sent me a message with a link to this trainwreck on Salon.com, along with the demand that I "tell her why this article rubs her the wrong way."
With gusto!
The article is titled, "Why I can't stand white belly dancers," which for a lesser man would be reason enough to nope right out of here, but this is my struggle, gaiz. I'm doing this for you. You're welcome to play a game and see how far you can get without actually laughing out loud.
For me, that point came one sentence in, with, "The term "belly dance" itself is a Western one." That's the kind of deep and profound linguistic insight that deserves a paywall.
There's also this nugget:
Google the term "belly dance" and the first images the search engine offers are of white women in flowing, diaphanous skirts, playing at brownness. How did this become acceptable?
Translation: "I googled belly dancers expecting to find people who looked like the stereotype I had in my head of a belly dancer, and I was upset when my prejudice was not reinforced by reality." Seriously. This whole article is the author fighting against coming to terms with the racial diversity of the middle east. I mean, look at this white appropriatior!
Oh wait, she's Turkish. Well look at this other horrible white woman playing at brownness!
Oh whoops, she's Lebanese.
Hmm what about this horrible white appropriator?
Oops, she's Egyptian!
In Arabic, this kind of dance is called Raqs Sharqi, or Eastern dance.
One thread that runs through the article is that this author has apparently never heard of Persians or Turks, because she thinks that all belly dancing attire is "Arabic drag" and all *true* scotsmen belly dancers invariably pass the Randa Jarrar paper bag test. Yes, she can tell immediately whether a woman in a picture on a google image search has the appropriate ethnocultural background to be wearing a particular kind of costume and moving her body in a particular kind of way. I eagerly await her next piece, entitled, "Why I can't stand black ballerinas." She can write about how a black woman came to her ballet studio and spent the whole class envying her lithe body.
Also, let me take a minute and say that the fact that it's called Raqs Sharqi in Arabic raises some red flags. I did some research, and found that this was the version of it in other languages of the region. In Turkish, a language I have some competence in, the word is "Oryantal Dansi," which is obviously just a translation of "Oriental Dance" into Turkish phonetics, probably from French! Isn't that kind of weird? To name a traditional cultural dance with reference to Europe, much less to name it using European loanwords? It'd be like if jazz musicians in New York had named the genre "Musica de los Norteamericanos." I'm fairly confident there's more to the story here, so if anyone can shed light on it, that'd be awesome.
Oh, but then we get into the truly circular reasoning underlying the "belly dancing is appropriation because it's appropriation" argument:
Belly dance, as it is known and practiced in the West, has its roots in, and a long history of, white appropriation of Eastern dance. As early as the 1890s in the U.S., white "side-show sheikhs" managed dance troupes of white women, who performed belly dance at world's fairs (fun trivia: Mark Twain made a short film of a belly dancer at the 1893 fair). Many white women who presently practice belly dance are continuing this century-old tradition of appropriation, whether they are willing to view their practice this way or not.
Did you catch that? Because white people made money with belly dancing in the past, and they also presently make money wtih belly dancing, it's appropriation (because shut up) and has been for a hundred years. Don't ask me to justify the claim that it's appropriation – just take the fact that I referenced other people doing the same thing as evidence that my value judgment on their actions is accurate.
Then story gets an interesting psychosexual twist:
When women danced for women alone, there was a different kind of eroticism, perhaps more powerful, definitely more playful, or maybe that's how it felt to me, as a child and teenager, wary of men's intentions.
I can't help but read this as an admission that what's going on here is that the belly dancers inspired some homosexual feelings in the author that she was not comfortable with acknowledging or exploring, and as a result she sublimated those feelings into a sort of intense cultural patriotism, convincing herself that the feelings were part of the belly dance (or should I use the clearly less Orientalist name, 'Dance of the Orient'?) experience. Later, when she was sitting at home one day, googling "belly dancer," and finding images of people who she believes were not legitimately a part of her culture, those feelings remained, challenging her self-deception that her feelings of desire for the belly dancers in her childhood were about cultural pride rather than queerness.
Instead of dealing with her issues, her solution is to demand that white women cover up and stop gyrating to stop making her aware of her own desires. Sorry, it's an appealing offer, but no thanks.
More lack of awareness of the existence of Turks and Persians and general racial diversity in the Middle East:
The last time I forgot, a white woman came out in Arab drag — because that's what that is, when a person who's not Arab wears genie pants and a bra and heavy eye makeup and Arabic jewelry, or jewelry that is meant to read as "Arabic" because it's metallic and shiny and has squiggles of some kind — and began to belly-dance.
Now this next part really pissed me off. The author first acknowledges the existence of rising Islamic fundamentalism in English, and its effect on bellydancer outfits:
I suggested that the country was becoming more conservative and she was too much of a media darling to appear with her skin exposed.
Then, at the end of the same paragraph, it's suddenly a big fucking mystery why there's not a lot of Egyptian belly dancers in Egypt under the Muslim brotherhood, to the point where white expats were taking over some of the paid bellydancing gigs:
Years later, the revolution happened, or tried to happen, and when the Muslim Brotherhood took over, and Western news outlets began publishing stories that claimed belly dancing was a dying art.[…] The one interesting thing about these stories is that they reported that Western, or white women, were beginning to take over gigs in Egypt. These women moved there out of an obsession with belly dance and are now appropriating it from local dancers.
Clearly those white women are the real villain of this story, not the Muslim Brotherhood and all the horrifying shit they inflicted on Egyptian women who didn't toe the Islamist party line. Maybe there's like, a connection between their violent, politicised religious fundamentalism, and the sudden reluctance of Egyptian belly dancers to be publically known as such.
Find another form of self-expression. Make sure you're not appropriating someone else's.
She wrote in English…
Instead, I point out that all this means is that it is perfectly all right with these teachers that their financial well-being is based on self-exploitation.
What a busybody! A skilled artisan chooses to teach her skill to others, and gets financially compensated for doing so. To call this "self-exploitation" is some of the most outragiously patronizing bullshit I've read in almost three hours.
This dance form is originally ours, and does not exist so that white women can have a better sense of community; can gain a deeper sense of sisterhood with each other; can reclaim their bodies; can celebrate their sexualities; can perform for the female gaze.
"This dance form is originally ours." Just disgusting. What an utterly emetic sentiment.
Then to end on a high note, enjoy this expression of cowardice combined with hypothetical wit is hilarious:
We wanted to call these women up and say, "How is this OK? Would you wear a dashiki and rock waspafarian dreads and take up African dance publicly? Wait," we'd probably say, "don't answer that."
neosegregationists, racism
Yessenia is a graduate student studying to be a speech therapist with an emphasis on traumatic brain injuries. She spends far too much time correcting the wrong people on the internet, lifting heavy things and training her cats. She's a proud internet atheist and trolls only for the greater good.
Quickies: Non-binary Gender Terminology, Economics of Marriage Equality, and Violence Against a Trans Teen
Quickies 3/6/2014
Why I'm Marching (and Organizing) for Science
On April 18, 2017 | In Activism ,Discrimination ,Events ,Gay ,Health / Medicine ,History ,HIV / AIDS / STDs
Born and Made to Live this Way: Part 3, Dad It's All Your Fault
On October 24, 2016 | In Gay ,Health / Medicine ,Science
Born and Made to Live this Way, Part Two: The Insanity Plea
On October 13, 2016 | In Health / Medicine ,Psychology ,Science ,Transgender
Elisheba says:
Thank you so much for this. I'm a professional middle eastern dancer (I actually don't like the term belly dancer because it's inaccurate; the dance involves way more than the belly, but that is the label most people know it as, so whatever) and I saw this article and just couldn't bring myself to deal with it.
Hobbes says:
When I read the Salon article initially, the big issue it seemed like the author had was that white people who were doing belly dance were using the culture as a costume. When you learn ballet, you learn the moves and the French names for those moves, but you typically perform in tight-fitting exercise wear for practical purposes (tutus are actually pretty infrequent) and you don't adopt a ballet name or anything. It seems like in belly dance, not only are you learning the movements and their names, you're putting on a very stereotyped outfit and makeup and some people are even adopting fake Middle Eastern-esque names. THAT, I would say, could qualify as appropriation.
But yeah, "you are not allowed to move your body in this manner because WE DID IT FIRST" is a bit, um, odd.
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Recently my German client gave a keynote in front of 2,000 people. She was very anxious to speak in public, in English at such a high-stake international event. We worked together to create a clear message, an effective structure and a powerful delivery. The result: she had to stop twice because of applause!
First step: Open up computer notebook, click on Power Point (or any other presentation software) and type whatever comes to mind on lots of slides.
Second step: Begin to write detailed sentences in tiny-size fonts in the note section below each slide.
Third step: Realization that you have a lot of words, but you are saying nothing.
Lydia has a distinct feeling that the presentation lacks focus and impact. She feels trapped in her thoughts and needs momentum to get beyond this creation phase, which is looking painful, when I walked into her office.
Squeeze big, bold, beautiful ideas into the old, dusty form.
We are sitting in a large open space without any other chairs or tables. The sun is pouring into the room. A nice fresh breeze is coming through the open window. The room has great creative energy, it is free from distractions and spacious. I grab a flip chart sheet and a thick black marker: this will be our presentation canvas. Now we have a place to spill all of our ideas on. We can freely move our bodies in the room and around, over, and side to side of our canvas.
By leaving the digital world that was unconsciously constraining our creative spirit, we were back in analog mode and it felt so free.
Before you do public speaking you need to do private thinking. Alone. On the floor. Under the shower. During a morning jog. Our creative ideas come at unexpected moments. Close your computer. Leave the office. And let it happen.
PS. Bring a journal and pen to write down the ideas when the appear.


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The Kloran of the Klan defines a Klavalier as the soldier of the Klan.
(19) Leaflet circulated by the Ku Klux Klan in Mississippi in 1964.
A former Ku Klux Klansman was convicted yesterday of the murder of four fl girls in the 1963 church bombing in Alabama that acted as a catalyst for the civil rights movement.
Ku Klux Klan, secret terrorist organization that originated in the Southern states during the period of Reconstruction following the American Civil War (1861-1865) and was reactivated on a wider geographic basis in the 20th century.
A former grand wizard of the Klan, David Duke was elected to the Louisiana House of Representatives in 1989 and ran unsuccessfully in the state's gubernatorial election in 1991.
In 1998 Ku Klux Klan imperial wizard Sam Bowers was convicted of the 1966 murder of NAACP leader Vernon Dahmer in Hattiesburg, Mississippi.
Ku Klux Klan (KKK) is the name of a number of past and present fraternal organizations in the United States that have advocated white supremacy, anti-Semitism, racism, anti-Catholicism, homophobia, and nativism.
Klan intimidation was often targeted at schoolteachers and operatives of the federal Freedmen's Bureau.
Klan influence was particularly strong in Indiana, where Republican Klansman Edward Jackson was elected governor in 1924, and the entire apparatus of state government was riddled with Klansmen.
The Ku Klux Klan was originally organized in the winter of 1865-66 in Pulaski, Tennessee as a social club by six Confederate veterans.
(Ku Klux was derived from the Greek "kuklos," meaning circle, and the English word clan.) The costume adopted by its members (disguises were quite common) was a mask and white robe and high conical pointed hat.
Klan activity ended by 1872 and disappeared until it was revived again in 1915.
The Ku Klux Klan is a racist, anti-Semitic movement with a commitment to extreme violence to achieve its goals of racial segregation and white supremacy.
The Klan is strongest in the South and in the Midwest.
The Ku Klux Klan was overshadowed in the late 1990s and early 2000s by growing neo-Nazi activity; however, by 2005 neo-Nazi groups had fallen on hard times, with many groups collapsing or fragmenting.
The Keystone Knights of the Ku Klux Klan: A breakaway faction from the now-defunct Invisible Empire Knights of the KKK, the Keystone Knights was founded by Barry Black in 1992 and is based in Johnstown, Pennsylvania.
The Knights of the Ku Klux Klan (Arkansas Faction): The Harrison, Arkansas-based Knights of the KKK, led by Thom Robb, is the largest and most active Klan faction operating in the nation today.
Federation of Klans, Knights of the Ku Klux Klan: The Federation of Klans was formed in April 1994 by Chicagoan Ed Novak (né Ed Melkonian) following his defection from the Knights of the KKK.
The revived Klan grew slowly during the years of World War I (1917-18), but in 1920 the secret order changed its solicitation procedures and began to attract hundreds of thousands of recruits from across the nation.
Much of the second Klan's appeal can be credited to its militant advocacy of white supremacy, anti-Catholicism, anti-Semitism, and immigration restriction, but the organization also attracted the support of many middle-class Americans by advocating improved law enforcement, honest government, better public schools, and traditional family life.
In contrast to the powerful Klan of the 1920s, which had drawn much of its membership from the social mainstream, these groups were typically small, fanatical, and on the fringes of respectable society.
The first Ku Klux Klan was an organization that thrived in the South during the Reconstruction period following the Civil War.
Although the Klan was often able to achieve its aims by terror alone, whippings and lynchings were also used, not only against fls but also against the so-called carpetbaggers and scalawags.
The Klan spirit, however, was a factor in breaking the Democratic hold on the South in 1928, when Alfred E. Smith, a Roman Catholic, was that party's presidential candidate.
Thus at the moment the fledgling Klan was born in Pulaski, the stage was set for a showdown between Northerners determined not to be cheated out of the fruits of their victory and die-hard Southerners who refused to give up their supremacy over fls.
By the time of Green's death in 1949, the Klan was fractured by internal disputes and hounded by investigations from all sides in response to a wave of Klan violence in the South.
Ku Klux Klan is the name of a number of past and present fraternal organizations in the United States that have advocated white supremacy and anti-Semitism; and in the past century, anti-Catholicism, and nativism.
The Klan was at all times eagerly into public humiliation in these murders of fl people, and this article ignores completely that Klan activities, in many cases, were led by "leading citizens" in areas where they terrorized innocents.
In addition, the KKK was formed in 1866 as the social club you slam--this is from a mainstream book by Wyn Craig Wade called The Fiery Cross: The Ku Klux Klan in America published by Simon and Schuster in 1987.
By 1926 the Ku Klux Klan was crippled and discredited.
Later efforts to revive the Ku Klux Klan in the 1960s and 1970s were attempted, but its message was not received in large numbers, as it had been forty years previously.
Additional newspaper articles on both the Ku Klux Klan and D.C. Stephenson may be found in the Indianapolis Newspaper Index (1898-1978) card file index, which is located in the microforms area on the second floor of the Indiana State Library.
The first Ku Klux Klan was formed as a terrorist organization in the Southern United States during the Reconstruction period.
The Ku Klux Klan is formed by former members of the Confederacy in Pulaski, Tennessee.
The Klan fades away from a combination of action taken by the federal government and the lack of necessity because of the end of Reconstruction.
When the Klan "Ku Kluxed" someone it was only after the victim was given a trial and was allowed to choose someone to speak on their behalf and defend them.
It was not until 1915, that former Methodist minister, William Joseph Simmons, adopted the Methodist religious symbol of the fiery cross as a symbol for his revived Ku Klux Klan, after being inspired by the Dixon novel, "The Clansman" and the Griffith motion picture, "The Birth of a Nation".
The Klan (one of the names of the Ku Klux Klan) was started in the winter of 1865-1866.
The KKK did not reach its ultimate goal of keeping the African Americans from getting rights, but were able to terrorize the fl people of America.
In my opinion the Ku Klux Klan should have never been started because they hurt far too many people and caused way too many families to fear for their safety.
The Ku Klux Klan was a successful television show which ran on the Fox network from 1865-1973.
There were great challenges to the Klan's ratings from such programs as Free-Love Fun-Fest, Happy Hippie Hour, and Liberal Laugh-In.(It was the great age of alliterations) The Klan's fan base diminished to its original southern stronghold, and advertisers began to take notice of its new weakness.
The Klan, sensing an oppurtunity for a comeback, fired immedietely with Mama Belle Saves the School, in which Mama Belle led a group of white parents in attacking the children.(Contrary to popular belief, it is not in this sketch that the immortal "Give me a Hand" exchange was born.
By the late 1860s the Klan became one of the principal forms of opposition to Reconstruction, and members were pledged to support the supremacy of the white race, to oppose the amalgamation of the races, to resist the social and political encroachment of carpetbaggers, and to restore white control of the government.
Among the centers of Klan activity in the state was Jefferson and surrounding Marion County, where the small federal garrison under the command of Maj.
Among the largest of the Klan groups are the Knights of the Ku Klux Klan and the White Camellia Knights of the Ku Klux Klan, but there are also others, each with its own outlook and agenda and a hatred of competing groups.
As opposed to the anti-fl animus in the South, the primary targets of the Klan in New York were Roman Catholics, Jews, immigrants generally, and "Bolsheviks" (the common 1920s name for communists).
In this the Klan shared a position held by many progressive reformers, including many suffragists and feminists, who condemned the use of alcohol as detrimental to society.
The Klan in the 1920s was active in electoral politics to achieve some of its objectives, and therefore it supported women's right to vote--that is, it supported Klan women voting for Klan-endorsed candidates.
The "Ku Klux Klan", from the greek "kuklos", ("circle" or "wheel"), is, like Masonry, a "fraternal organization".
Its power in the Midwest was broken during the late 1920s when David C. Stephenson, a major Klan leader there, was convicted of second-degree murder, and evidence of corruption came out that led to the indictment of the governor of Indiana and the mayor of Indianapolis, both supporters of the Klan.
Its collapse thereafter was largely due to state laws that forbade masks and eliminated the secret element, to the bad publicity the organization received through its thugs and swindlers, and apparently from the declining interest of the members.
Rehabilitating emotion: the troublesome case of the Ku Klux Klan.
I was told via email to a KKK web contact that the group began flying the Confederate Flag during the civil rights movement, due to the fact that they felt they had been betrayed by the USA Government, and that some groups still fly the US flag upside down in protest.
The Klan today have no such purpose as they did (at least not one that is so obviously abusive), and their actions today have different intents and outcomes.
The Ku Klux were opposed to the shedding of human blood, and violence was never used except as a last resort.
The Ku Klux Klan, which just a few years ago seemed static or even moribund compared to other white supremacist movements such as neo-Nazis, has experienced a surprising and troubling resurgence due to the successful exploitation of hot-button issues including immigration, gay marriage and urban crime.
Klan groups have witnessed a surprising and troubling resurgence by exploiting fears of an immigration explosion, and the debate over immigration has in turned helped to fuel an increase in Klan activity, with new groups sprouting in parts of the country that have not seen much activity.
Klan groups have become more active in parts of the country that had not seen much activity in recent years, including the Great Plains States such as Iowa and Nebraska, and Mid-Atlantic states such as Maryland, Pennsylvania and New Jersey.
The Ku Klux Klan organisation that we recognize today, replete with burning crosses, white hoods and lynch mobs, is actually the third incarnation of a group originally founded in Tennessee in 1865, after the end of the American Civil War.
Any attempt to discredit Pike on the basis of his alleged role in the original KKK therefore is not really worthy of consideration, as we must consider that Pike's thinking was shared by most people in the southern states at that time (although that certainly does not validate their philosophy!).
A further link with the Ku Klux Klan which is worthy of discussion is that former President Woodrow Wilson had a hand in the success of the second incarnation of the group.


Gordon Slaven is Founder of Slaven Consultancy Services Ltd., focused on international education innovation, and access to education for displaced people and refugees.
He has over 30 years' experience in international education in the British Council, most recently as Global Head of Higher Education and Education Services. This role covered the British Council's work in higher education policy, partnerships, and academic and students, as well as responsibility for research into, and marketing of, international and transnational education.
He has worked in China, Taiwan, Thailand, United Arab Emirates, United States, and Zambia, and undertaken short term assignments in many other countries.