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Marcus Agrippa
by Jesse Sifuentes
Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa (l. 64/62 – 12 BCE) was Augustus' (r. 27 BCE - 14 CE) most trusted and unshakably loyal general and his right-hand man in the administration of the city of Rome. Although his name is forever connected with the first Roman emperor and is relegated to the backseat in terms of historical significance, he was one of the most skilled military commanders of Roman warfare, a talented engineer, architect, and administrator.
There is not a wealth of information on Agrippa and because he is inseparably linked with Augustus, Agrippa's story will always be told side-by-side with Augustus' (known as Octavian before 27 BCE). He was within a year in age with Octavian, and it is very likely that they were even schooled together and would remain very close throughout their adolescence. Nothing is known about the origin of Agrippa's family. Agrippa's gens name - which indicated your particular tribe or clan - Vipsanius was extremely rare, and even Agrippa wanted to cast it aside.
The Ides of March & the Second Triumvirate
Agrippa made a name for himself as an extremely able military commander.
Julius Caesar (l. 100-44 BCE) had bequeathed in his will the majority of his property and vast sums of money to Octavian in addition to adopting him as his son. Accepting the content of the will was optional, and doing so carried extraordinary political implications after Caesar's assassination in 44 BCE - the Ides of March. His acceptance of the will made him enemies with Caesar's assassins: Marcus Junius Brutus (l. 85-42 BCE) and Gaius Cassius Longinus (l. 85-42 BCE). It also placed Octavian in a contentious relationship with Mark Antony (l. 83-30 BCE), one of Julius Caesar's best generals who hoped to fill the power void left by Caesar. Octavian formed an impromptu council which included Agrippa and his other close friend, Quintus Salvidienus Rufus. A story, possibly apocryphal, tells of Agrippa convincing Octavian to march on Rome to accept Caesar's will.
The pro-Caesar faction, Octavian, Antony, and Aemilius Lepidus (l. 89/88 - 13/12 BCE) - a Caesar-supporter - formed the Second Triumvirate in 43 BCE to regulate the Roman Republic and to defeat Caesar's assassins. Brutus and Cassius were defeated in the Battle of Philippi (42 BCE), and it is very likely that Agrippa fought under the triumvirs there.
Equestrian statue of Augustus
by Carole Raddato (CC BY-SA)
Octavian and Antony's shaky alliance would steadily deteriorate leading to a string of civil wars between the two culminating in the Battle of Actium (31 BCE), which led to the fall of the Roman Republic and the beginning of the Roman Empire. It was during these years that Agrippa made a name for himself, along with Rufus, as an extremely able military commander. Octavian soon discovered that Rufus had opened communications in secret between Antony and was considering switching sides. In 40 BCE, Octavian ordered Rufus to commit suicide for his treachery. This left Agrippa as Octavian's sole remaining subordinate commander.
The Sicilian War
During these years (44 - 40 BCE), Octavian and Agrippa were busy fighting Caesar's murderers. This allowed Sextus Pompey (l. 67 - 35 BCE) - son of Pompey the Great and enemy of the Second Triumvirate - to amass a large navy and set up his base on the island of Sicily which was under his total control. There had been peace (Treaty of Misenum) between Pompey and Octavian but hostilities opened up in 38 BCE.
In 39 BCE, Agrippa was the governor of Transalpine Gaul and demonstrated his military skill pacifying unrest among the locals, settling the Ubian tribe in an area to the left of the River Rhine, setting up the first Ubian town which would become the city of Cologne. Agrippa was elected to the consulship in 37 BCE. Agrippa's consulship was right in the middle of the Second Triumvirate's 5-year term in which the triumvirs had total power. This meant that the consuls were carefully selected by the triumvirs themselves. Naturally, Agrippa was Octavian's choice. Lucius Caninius Gallus, a relative of Antony, was the other consul of 37 BCE.
By this time, it was clear that Octavian was not a supremely talented military commander and willingly relied on the skill of subordinates like Agrippa to do the fighting. Octavian faced an emergency and thus called him from Gaul to fight against Pompey who owned the Tyrrhenian Sea with his massive naval fleet and was blockading Italy from its vital grain supply coming from Sicily. This was the start of the Sicilian War in 36 BCE. Agrippa constructed a naval fleet for Octavian. Ancient historian Velleius Paterculus writes:
Marcus Agrippa was charged with constructing the ships, collecting soldiers and rowers, and familiarizing them with naval contests and maneuvers. He was a man of distinguished character, unconquerable by toil, loss of sleep or danger, well disciplined in obedience, but to one man alone, yet eager to command others; in whatever he did he knew no such thing as delay, but with him action went hand in hand with conception. Building an imposing fleet in lakes Avernus and Lucrinus, by daily drills he brought the soldiers and the oarsmen to a thorough knowledge of fighting on land and at sea. (Roman History, 2.79)
Agrippa's skill was not contained to just military strategy, he also engineered and developed the harpax, a large ballista-like device attached to a large ship that shot a large multi-pronged grappling hook at the end of a rope which would pierce the side of an enemy's vessel to be boarded.
The plan was to have Octavian sail through the Strait of Messina and land in the eastern Sicilian coast, while Agrippa was to go through the Aeolian Islands and land on the north coast, and Lepidus was to set sail from Africa and land in western Sicily. Of the three, Agrippa was the most successful. Pompey's ships were lighter and more easily maneuverable, and Agrippa's ships were heavier, had taller sides, and could withstand more damage. He ran into one of Pompey's fleets but promptly defeated it at Mylae. Following this naval success, Agrippa and his legions successfully established control in Tyndaris (modern-day Tindari) and surrounding areas.
Roman Naval Vessel
After some difficulties, Octavian and Lepidus were also able to land in Sicily. Pompey and Octavian then met and agreed to stage a battle between them. They decided that each side would be equally matched with 300 ships apiece, the date would be 3 September, and it would be fought on the northeastern coast in front of the harbor of Naulochus where troops from each side could watch the battle from the shore. The battle took place under these agreed-upon conditions.
Pompey's fleet was commanded by his trusted admirals, Apollophanes and Demochares. Naturally, Octavian entrusted his fleet to be commanded by Agrippa. Agrippa, using his much larger and stronger ships and the harpax, overwhelmingly defeated Pompey's fleet losing only three ships in the battle while destroying 28 enemy vessels. Octavian awarded Agrippa with a blue banner and a golden crown for his valor and skill in Roman naval warfare.
The Illyrian War
In 35 BCE, Octavian had a military campaign in the east off the Dalmatian coast (modern-day Croatia) against the Iapodes, a Celtic-Illyrian people. This was the start of the Illyrian War and once again, Agrippa would be Octavian's right-hand general. Octavian and Agrippa set out from the Adriatic coast and landed in Illyricum. The Romans easily defeated most of the local tribes but then ran into determined resistance when they set siege to the city of Metelum, the Iapodes' largest and most fortified city.
The Romans put up ramparts and then placed four wooden bridges that stretched from the ramparts to the city walls. When the legionaries ran on the first bridge, it collapsed under the weight. The second and third bridge also fell. At the sight of this, the Roman army was overcome by panic. Augustus jumped down and scolded his legionaries, but they were not stirred to duty by his admonishments so he grabbed a shield and leaped on the bridge himself. Agrippa then followed Octavian's heroics, and they both crossed the bridge. The soldiers, seeing Octavian and Agrippa's valiant actions, followed their lead and crossed the bridge, and the city eventually fell.
Agrippa as Aedile
In 33 BCE, Agrippa assumed the office of aedile, a magistracy which oversaw Roman daily life and staging of festivals and entertainment. Aedile was not a mandatory office in the cursus honorum, the political career ladder. It was a rather lowly office for a former consul like Agrippa who had convincingly ousted Sextus Pompey's fleet in the Sicilian War and fought valiantly in the Illyrian War. Nevertheless, Agrippa carried out his duties as aedile with the same competence he demonstrated on the battlefield.
A new aqueduct, the Aqua Julia – as usual the chief credit for Agrippa's efforts was tactfully given to his chief – was constructed, and others heavily restored or repaired. It was not just a question of grand building: good access to flowing water was provided throughout Rome, with 700 new cisterns, 500 fountainheads, and 130 water towers. (Goldsworthy, 180)
He also repaired the Marcian aqueduct (aqua Marcia), Rome's longest aqueduct at over 55 miles. He carried out large-scale civil engineering projects as well as repairing streets and public buildings. Agrippa made sure to clean Rome's sewage system, organize spectacularly lavish games, and also assist with the social welfare policy that aimed at winning the support of the greater population. Food was distributed to hundreds of thousands of Roman citizens. During public shows, vouchers to redeem money were given out, and clothes and various goods were thrown to the audience. Agrippa would also cast out astrologers and magicians whose practices were considered an affront to traditional Roman religion.
The Battle of Actium
The Battle of Actium was certainly the pinnacle of Agrippa's career as a military general.
Octavian and Antony's alliance had rapidly declined, and in 32 BCE, Octavian officially declared war on Antony and his mistress, Cleopatra VII (l. 69-30 BCE). In 31 BCE, their civil war would wrap up at the Battle of Actium in the Gulf of Ambracia off the Greek coast. Agrippa was Octavian's top general and, naturally, it was he who commenced the attack on Antony's fleet and had full command of the naval conflict. According to the historian Dr. Adrian Goldsworthy who specializes in the Roman military, it was probably Agrippa who was the mastermind behind the entire strategy and certainly all the most important moments of the battle, leading to the defeat of Antony's fleet. Even though Antony's fleet had stronger and larger ships than Octavian's, he was well aware of the vital experience Octavian's soldiers had gained in the war against Pompey as well as Agrippa's skill in naval warfare.
Battle of Actium 31 BCE
by Future Perfect at Sunrise (CC BY-SA)
Stormy waters had postponed the battle for days, but the day finally arrived on 2 September 31 BCE. Octavian commanded the right wing of ships, and Agrippa commanded the left wing. Agrippa had used their greater number of ships to envelop Antony's fleet, and consequently, Sosius – one of Antony's subordinate commanders – was forced to respond and attack. Antony was forced to bring his entire fleet into battle. Octavian's ships surrounded Antony's larger galleys and launched missiles and rammed them, hoping to board the enemy vessels. From the coast, Octavian's soldiers shot fire arrows and torches onto Antony's ships. The battle lasted for four hours and Octavian and Agrippa destroyed or captured all of Antony's ships. The Battle of Actium was certainly the pinnacle of Agrippa's career as a military general.
Building Projects, Administration, & War in the Empire
After the Battle of Actium, all of Octavian's enemies were vanquished and he was wholly unopposed in Rome. The post-Actium era was the beginning of the Roman Empire and Octavian - later honored with the name and title of Augustus in 27 BCE - became Rome's first emperor. Augustus chose Agrippa to be consul in 28 and 27 BCE when he, along with Augustus, would take on the role of censor and carry out the first census (lustrum) of Rome since 71 BCE.
Agrippa then commenced working on three large-scale building projects. In 26 BCE Agrippa finished building the Saepta Julia in honor of Julius Caesar, a building originally planned and started by Caesar which was created for the Tribal Assembly to gather and vote. The voting area was built with marble and adorned with statues and works of high-quality art, and it would have a canopy so the voters could comfortably vote and admire the works of art under the cool shade. Close by were the public Roman baths, the second of Agrippa's building projects, which included an exercise area and a monument to Neptune - god of the sea - which served as a reminder of the naval victory at Actium.
Lastly, Agrippa began working on one of the most magnificent works of Roman architecture, the Pantheon. The temple was planned as a place for the worship of all the gods - specifically the twelve Olympians because it was based on the Hellenistic example. It would later burn down and was rebuilt by the emperor Hadrian (r. 117-138 CE) who kept Agrippa's original inscription on the facade of the building. Agrippa also restored and built roads in Rome and the provinces, like his substantial road network in Gaul which improved communication lines and access across the territory.
Pantheon Front, Rome
by Wknight94 (GNU FDL)
In 19 BCE, Agrippa was sent to Spain to suppress rebellions by the difficult-to-subdue northwestern Iberian Cantabrians and Asturians. It was not an easy campaign, but ultimately Agrippa proved successful, and the Roman Senate, at the behest of Augustus, voted to award Agrippa a triumph, but he declined the honor. Agrippa very rarely called attention to his own achievements, choosing to attribute all the glory and the peace brought through his military victories to Augustus. Later, in 13 BCE - a year before his death - he returned to the east to quash revolts in Illyria and Pannonia.
Augustus' Issue of Succession
As Augustus got older, the issue of who he wanted to succeed him as emperor became a pressing matter. Agrippa married Augustus' only daughter, Julia, in 21 BCE. Augustus openly preferred Agrippa and Julia's two sons, Gaius and Lucius Caesar. He even adopted them as his own sons, making them his sons and grandsons at the same time. He paraded them about the city, introduced them to public life, and the people of Rome loved them. It was crystal clear who Augustus had in mind to succeed him. But before they came of age, Agrippa was surely in Augustus' list of possible successors, even if he was not the top candidate.
Agrippa was Augustus' undisputed second-in-command. In 18 BCE, Augustus even had it arranged for the Senate to grant Agrippa official tribunician power (tribunicia potestas) which allowed him to summon the Senate and People's Assembly and introduce legislation, as well as greater proconsular power (maius imperium proconsulare) which gave him military precedence over all other subordinate army commanders. The ancient historian, Tacitus, saw tribunician power as the "designation of supreme rank" and described Agrippa as Augustus' "associate in power" (Annals, 3.56). As a result, if Augustus were to die, only Agrippa held the authority to keep the empire intact and running. When Augustus gave up his consecutive consulships in 23 BCE, it was in "exchange" for these two tremendous powers.
Procession Relief, Ara Pacis
by Steven Zucker (CC BY-NC-SA)
When Augustus fell deathly ill in 23 BCE and was expected by many to pass away, he also gave his signet ring to Agrippa. Agrippa, however, would not outlive Augustus; he died in 12 BCE in Campania during a festival. Augustus gave him a state funeral in Rome where he delivered the eulogy. He then placed Agrippa's ashes in the Mausoleum of Augustus. Agrippa's sons, Gaius and Lucius would both suffer untimely and premature deaths, aged 23 and 18 respectively. This left Tiberius (r. 14-37 CE), Augustus' stepson, as his successor who eventually went on to be the second emperor of Rome.
Agrippa's Legacy
Agrippa was Augustus' closest companion, his most skilled subordinate commander, and his right-hand man. He was uncompromisingly loyal and showcased modest selflessness in his shunning of personal recognition and honors for his astounding achievements, choosing to defer the credit and glory to Augustus.
Agrippa's most important legacy would not be his skill as a military commander, but rather the energy and skill that he dedicated to the betterment of the city with his aqueducts, building projects, road systems, festivals, public art, and general administration of Rome. It would only be after Agrippa's death that Augustus was forced to create formal administrative roles dedicated to these aspects that Agrippa competently carried out throughout his life.
For the first time in Rome's history, permanent offices were created to manage waterworks (cura aquarum), another for road building (cura viarum), and for building projects (cura operum publicorum). In the past, these civil engineering tasks were entrusted to magistrates. But now that there were permanent offices, dedicated professionals and experts could oversee and focus on long-term projects who would not be distracted by other responsibilities that a magistrate would have to deal with.
Appian (Horace White translation). The Foreign Wars. CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform, 2019.
Bleicken, J. Augustus. Penguin UK, 2016.
Galinsky, K. The Cambridge Companion to the Age of Augustus. Cambridge University Press, 2005.
Goldsworthy, A. Augustus. Yale University Press, 2015.
Paterculus, V. Roman History. Harvard University Press, 1924.
Suetonius. The Twelve Caesars. Penguin Classics, 2007.
Syme, R. The Roman Revolution. Oxford University Press, 2002.
Tacitus. Annals and Histories. Everyman's Library, 1783.
Virgil. The Aeneid. Hackett Publishing Company, Inc., 2005.
Jesse Sifuentes
I'm a World History teacher in Houston. I'm passionate about Ancient Rome, particularly Augustus' Principate and the Late Republic. My other passions include classical music, art, the Italian language, and the Sicilian dialect.
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Sifuentes, J. (2020, January 08). Marcus Agrippa. Ancient History Encyclopedia. Retrieved from https://www.ancient.eu/Marcus_Agrippa/
Sifuentes, Jesse. "Marcus Agrippa." Ancient History Encyclopedia. Last modified January 08, 2020. https://www.ancient.eu/Marcus_Agrippa/.
Sifuentes, Jesse. "Marcus Agrippa." Ancient History Encyclopedia. Ancient History Encyclopedia, 08 Jan 2020. Web. 20 Jan 2021.
Written by Jesse Sifuentes, published on 08 January 2020 under the following license: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike. This license lets others remix, tweak, and build upon this content non-commercially, as long as they credit the author and license their new creations under the identical terms. Please note that content linked from this page may have different licensing terms.
c. 64 BCE - 12 BCE
Life of Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa.
39 BCE
Marcus Agrippa is governor of Transalpine Gaul.
Octavian amasses a naval fleet to defeat Sextus Pompey.
First consulship of Marcus Agrippa.
Agrippa defeats the naval fleet of Sextus Pompey in the battle of Naulochos.
Marcus Agrippa is aedile in Rome.
2 Sep 31 BCE
The Battle of Actium. Octavian defeats Mark Antony and Cleopatra VII.
c. 27 BCE
The first Pantheon is built in Rome and dedicated by Marcus Agrippa.
Augustus takes over most of the powers of the tribuni plebis.
Agrippa marries Augustus' only daughter, Julia.
The Campus Martius baths in Rome are constructed and donated to the people by Agrippa.


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Home/American Shipper/Richmond seeks experienced port operator
Richmond seeks experienced port operator
American Shipper Staff Thursday, July 8, 2010
The city of Richmond, Va., last Friday issued a request for proposals from companies interested in operating the city's inland port on the James River.
The Port of Richmond is operated by PCI of Virginia LLC, which loads and unloads vessels and provides other logistics distribution services. It's contract expires in November and the city-owned port is seeking a five-year deal, with renewal options, for a contractor that will operate the terminal, handle stevedoring and jointly market the facility.
Richmond is a shallow-draft port located about 100 miles from the open ocean. It lies adjacent to Interstate 95 and has direct rail service from mainline CSX Transportation, with indirect access to the Norfolk Southern as well. The 121-acre facility handles dry and temperature-controlled containers, as well as bulk and breakbulk cargoes.
Early last year Richmond lost its only regularly scheduled container service when ICL, a small carrier, pulled out and switched its port of call to Charleston, S.C.
Eimskip Shipping Line still calls Richmond once a month with service to Canada and Iceland, and the port has a weekly barge service that shuttles import, export and empty containers to and from the Port of Virginia in Hampton Roads.
The city wants a partner to increase business at its underutilized port and turn it into a strong multimodal logistics hub, according to the solicitation posted on the city's Web site. A terminal operator would be required to handle waterborne, road and rail intermodal cargo, warehousing and distribution services, and all labor requirements. Under the standard lease agreement proposed by the port, the contractor would make monthly payments based on tonnage, number of containers, equipment rental and other fees.
The Virginia Port Authority, a state agency that manages the gateway port in Norfolk and other facilities, has recently expressed interest in affiliating with the Port of Richmond to create an intermodal hub by leveraging its international cargo network.
It's not clear if a new operating contract would derail any potential agreement to let the VPA control more operations in Richmond, but Richmond port officials said the solicitation is open to anyone, including Virginia International Terminals, the non-profit VPA subsidiary that operates its terminals in Hampton Roads and an inland port in Front Royal.
Bids are due Aug. 4. ' Eric Kulisch

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
'use strict';

var expect = require('chai').expect;
var MapView = require('livefyre-map/views/map-view');
var sinon = require('sinon');

describe('src/views/map-view.js', function () {
  describe('_getVersionedTileURL', function () {
    it('gets the v3 url when there is no access token', function () {
      var stub = sinon.stub(MapView.prototype, '_drawMap');
      var view = new MapView();
      expect(view._getVersionedTileURL()).to.equal('https://{s}.tiles.mapbox.com/v3/{mapId}/{z}/{x}/{y}.{format}');
      stub.restore();
    });

    it('gets the v4 url when there is an access token', function () {
      var stub = sinon.stub(MapView.prototype, '_drawMap');
      var view = new MapView({mapboxTileOptions: {accessToken: '123'}});
      expect(view._getVersionedTileURL()).to.equal('https://{s}.tiles.mapbox.com/v4/{mapId}/{z}/{x}/{y}.{format}?access_token=123');
      stub.restore();
    });
  });
});

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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HRW: Tajik Activist Was Kidnapped, Tortured Before Returning To Netherlands
By RFE/RL's Tajik Service
Sharofiddin Gadoev (left) with Muhiddin Kabiri, the exiled leader of the banned Islamic Party of Tajikistan, in a video purportedly shot at Frankfurt Airport on March 2.
Human Rights Watch says a prominent Tajik opposition activist was kidnapped, beaten, and tortured in Russia and Tajikistan before he was allowed to return to the Netherlands, where he has refugee status.
HRW's Central Asia researcher, Steve Swerdlow, told RFE/RL on February 4 that Sharofiddin Gadoev, a leading member of the opposition Group 24 movement, was kidnapped in Moscow last month by police and members of Russia's Federal Security Service (FSB) and handed over to Tajik authorities, who flew him to Tajikistan's capital, Dushanbe.
"Now, we know that there was so much violence used against him that when he arrived in Dushanbe [from Moscow] his clothes were soaked with blood," Swerdlow said, adding that Gadoev also told him that when he tried to call for help at a Moscow airport, Tajik security officers severely beat him and taped his mouth.
Gadoev resurfaced in Dushanbe last month from self-imposed exile in the Netherlands and Tajik authorities announced that he returned in Tajikistan on his own will, a claim that Gadoev's colleagues and supporters abroad rejected, saying he was kidnapped.
On March 2, Gadoev appeared on a video live-streamed on a Europe-based Tajik opposition group's Facebook account and said that he was back in Europe.
The National Alliance of Tajikistan that shared the video said it was live-streamed from Germany's Frankfurt Airport.
Gadoev could not immediately be located for comment.
Tajik authorities insist Gadoev, 33, returned voluntarily on February 15. They shared a video that shows Gadoev criticizing the opposition and urging other activists to follow suit and return to Tajikistan.
But on February 19, Gadoev's colleagues published a video recorded earlier by Gadoev in which he said he was traveling to Moscow to meet with officials from Russia's Security Council to discuss "some problems that have occurred in Tajikistan [and] the situation of Tajik labor migrants."
"If I suddenly appear on the Tajik television or some YouTube channel, saying that I have returned on my own accord -- you must not believe it," he warned in the footage.
"I am not planning to go to Tajikistan willingly. Never," he added.
The Interior Ministry announced initially that Gadoev has been charged with possession of contraband and forgery.
Swerdlow said that HRW "is happy that Gadoev managed to get back to his loved ones in the Netherlands," adding that it became possible thanks to "timely efforts" by human rights groups, Gadoev's colleagues in exile, the German Embassy in Dushanbe, and the Dutch Foreign Ministry.
According to Swerdlow, Gadoev's release from Tajik custody and safe return to the Netherlands also became possible most likely because he has refugee status in the European Union member state.
"This story, these two crazy weeks in the life of Sharofiddin Gadoev, will continue to resonate. We continue to investigate what happened to him. His rights were violated by different entities, namely by the FSB, GRU (Russian military intelligence), and Interior Ministry in Russia, as well as Alfa (special security forces), OMON (police special forces), and the Interior Ministry in Tajikistan," Swerdlow said.
President Emomali Rahmon, who has ruled Tajikistan since 1992, has been repeatedly criticized for cracking down on dissenters.
Group 24 was labeled as "extremist" in October 2014 and banned after it called for antigovernment protests in Dushanbe and other cities.
Its founder, Umarali Quvatov, was assassinated in Istanbul in March, 2015.
RFE/RL's Tajik Service
RFE/RL's Tajik Service is a trusted source of local news, attracting audiences with compelling reporting on issues not otherwise covered by Tajikistan's state-run media.


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HomeAviation Safety / Air CrashesThese Images Document The Heat Damage To The X-15A Hypersonic Aircraft After Its Record Breaking Mach 6.7 Flight
These Images Document The Heat Damage To The X-15A Hypersonic Aircraft After Its Record Breaking Mach 6.7 Flight
November 21, 2017 Aviation Safety / Air Crashes, Space
Ventral UHF antenna.
Aerodynamic heating at Mach 6.72 (4,534 mph) almost melted the airframe.
On Oct. 3 1967 the North American X-15A-2 serial number 56-6671 hypersonic rocket-powered research aircraft achieved a maximum Mach 6.72 piloted by Major Pete Knight.
Operated by the United States Air Force and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration as part of the X-plane series of experimental aircraft in the 1960s, the X-15 was a missile-shaped vehicle built in 3 examples and powered by the XLR-99 rocket engine capable of 57,000 lb of thrust.
The aircraft featured an unusual wedge-shaped vertical tail, thin stubby wings, and unique side fairings that extended along the side of the fuselage.
The X-15 was brought to the launch altitude of 45,000 feet by a NASA NB-52B "mothership" then air dropped so that the rocket plane would have enough fuel to reach its high speed and altitude test points. Depending on the mission, the rocket engine provided thrust for the first 80 to 120 sec of flight. The remainder of the normal 10 to 11 min. flight was powerless and ended with a 200-mph glide landing.
An interesting account of Oct. 3, 1967 record flight was written by Flight Engineer Johnny G. Armstrong on his interesting website. Here's an excerpt:
As the X-15 was falling from the B-52 he lit the engine and locked on to 12 degrees angle of attack. He was pushed back into his seat with 1.5 g's longitudinal acceleration. The X-15 rounded the corner and started its climb.
During the rotation as normal acceleration built up to 2 g's Pete had to hold in considerable right deflection of the side arm controller to keep the X-15 from rolling to the left due to the heavier LOX in the left external tank. When the aircraft reached the planned pitch angle of 35 degrees his scan pattern switched from the angle of attack gauge to the attitude direction indicator and a vernier index that was set to the precise climb angle.
The climb continued as the fuel was consumed from the external tanks, then at about 60 seconds he reached the tank jettison conditions of about Mach 2 and 70,000 feet. He pushed over to low angle of attack and ejected the tanks. He was now on his way and would not be making an emergency landing at Mud Lake.
"We shut down at 6500 (fps), and I took careful note to see what the final got to. It went to 6600 maximum on the indicator. As I told Johnny before, the longest time period is going to be from zero h dot getting down to 100 to 200 feet per second starting down hill after shutdown."
Final post flight data recorded an official max Mach number of 6.72 equivalent to a speed of 4534 miles per hour.
From there down Pete was very busy with the planned data maneuvers and managing the energy of the gliding X-15. He approached Edwards higher on energy than planned and had to keep the speed brakes out to decelerate.
On final approach he pushed the dummy ramjet eject button and landed on Rogers lakebed runway 18. He indicated he did not feel anything when he activated the ramjet eject and the ground crew reported they did not see it. Pete said that he knew something was not right when the recovery crew did not come to the cockpit area to help him out of the cockpit, but went directly to the back of the airplane.
Finally when he did get out and saw the damage to the tail of the X-15 he understood. There were large holes in the skin of the sides of the fin with evidence of melting and skin rollback. Now we are talking Inconel-X steel that melts at 2200 degrees F. Later analysis would show that the shock wave from the leading edge of the ramjet's spike nose had intersected the fin and caused the aerodynamic heating to increase seven times higher than normal. So now maybe we knew why the ramjet was not there.
X-15-2 after the record flight (#189) on Oct. 3, 1967. The aircraft achieved the record without any NASA marking. The aircraft was painted in white that covered an ablative material that protected the fuselage. The Martin Marietta's MA-25S ablative would erode slowly shedding the heat of aerodynamic friction. Pink in color, the ablative the MA-25S ablative reacted when exposed to liquid oxygen burned by its XLR-99 rocket engine. For this reason it was sealed under white paint. More details here.
The following 48-sec footage shows the extent of the damages to the X-15-2 aircraft. Noteworthy, the ramjet detached from the aircraft at over 90,000 feet and crashed into the desert over 100 miles from Edwards Air Force Base.
Here are some details.
Wing leading edge burns.
Reaction Control System thrusters.
Two holes appeared on the fuselage along with burns.
The nose of the aircraft shows ablative damages as well as a result of frictional heating.
The X-15A-2 never flew again after the record flight. It is currently preserved and displayed at the United States Air Force Museum, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio.
The top image shows the damage to one of the two ventral UHF antennas of the X-15.
North American X-15
Tags: Boeing B-52 Stratofortress
USAF T-38 Crashes in Texas: One Fatality Reported.
Everything We Know About The Hunt for Missing Argentine Submarine
Watch Starfighters' TF-104 Intercept and Escort "One More Orbit" G650ER World Record Flight To NASA's KSC
August 23, 2019 Aviation, F-104
65 years since its first flight, the F-104s of the NASA's KSC-based "Starfighters" continue to carry out a variety of missions for government and commercial customers. Starfighters operates the world's only fleet of flight-ready F-104s. […]
Ariane 5 Rocket, Meteor, and Milky Way in one stunning image
February 14, 2014 Space
Can you spot the plume of a rising Ariane 5 rocket in this surreal panoramic photo? Taken on Feb. 7, the above image shows the Milky Way Galaxy, a fortuitous streak of a meteor and […]
Air Force mini-Shuttle returns to Earth at the end of clandestine 15-month mission around the globe
June 16, 2012 Space
On Jun. 16, 2012 at 05.48 AM local (12.48 GMT), 469 days after it was launched, the Air Force's X-37B Orbital Test Vehicle landed at Vandenberg Air Force Base, California at the end of the […]
Spencerhut says:
Sort of makes you wonder what they have come up with to combat the heat these days. I mean if the rumors about Mach 12 planes are true they must have some seriously magic materials or aerodynamic tricks to go Mach 5 plus.
Wintertrain says:
1.259 miles per second… holly he'll that's inconceivably fast! ..and a human was in that thing and survived.
Mongee Phase says:
Wow, at those speeds I'm surprised it didn't disintegrate into a millions pieces; the fuselage is heavenly damage. Good Find


February was a good month for commodities exchange traded funds (ETFs) and exchange traded notes (ETNs). Precious metals were used as a hedge against the volatility in the Middle East. Disruptions in supply pushed oil prices higher while severe weather hit the crops of soft commodities.


Callinan, Carol and Johnston, Jennifer and Fotou, Nikolaos (2017) Capturing children's ideas in science through the use of mini whiteboards: A case study of children with SEND. In: ESERA 2017, 21-25 August 2017, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland.
ideas. The children's whiteboard representations were captured using a camera throughout the lessons.
pilot study and will discuss plans for further development of the intervention.


We will guide you to your desired faculty in Slovakia!
Welcome to StudyinSlovakia.sk, agency for international students, who would like to study at universities in Slovakia and obtain an internationally recognised degree.
Hundreds of international graduates finish their tertiary studies each year in Slovakia and start professional career worldwide consequently.
Admission criterias vary subsequently among different programmes. Click on link below to discover more about admission process.
Click here to get special price for Slovak coursebooks.
Slovak Faculties and Universities offer plenty of study programmes for international students: they can choose between chemistry, mathematics, IT, medicine, dentistry, pharmacy and many others. Programmes are in English, German, French and Hungarian.
Slovak Universities and faculties responded to trends in the world and have decided to offer study places also for international students. Nowadays, you can meet students from more than 100 countries in Slovakia.
Degree from Slovakia is internationally recognised in European Union and in most countries of the world. Great news is, that education at all levels is cheaper than in western countries.
Perspective students may apply for three types of higher education instutitions: public school of higher education, state institution of higher institution and private institutions. They usually consists of faculties and departments, research centers and administrative departments. Education institutions are opened to students from all over the world.
When picking up the right programme, language of studying should be also taken into consideration. English is a must today – and living in international environment, where English is only way to communicate with your schoolmates is the best way to improve it. Moreover, students have option to study also in German, French or even Hungarian in Slovakia.
This is the question, which is asked the most often by students. There are plenty of educational institutions, which offer higher education at Bachelor, Master´s or Doctoral degree. Read more about Slovak Universities in order to find out, where you can apply to.
Students may apply to either study programme in Slovak language (in which good command of Slovak language is required) or in foreign language (English, German, French or even Hungarian). Offer of study programmes for international students is really rich: applicants have plenty of options such as studying civil engeneering, architecture, international management or also pharmacy, medicine, physics, mathematics and many others. Chech preview of study programmes here.
If you are a student from European Union, European Economic Area or from Switzerland, the process is easy. Students do not need any visas or other legal documents to enter in Slovakia. Their only obligation is to register at foreign police in Slovakia after 3 months (90 days) and pay registration fee of 4.50€.
Process is a little bit more complicated for nationals of third countries. If their contry is on list, for which visas are required, then they do need to apply for short- or long-term visa at Slovak embassy/Consulate. Furthermore, after coming to Slovakia, they need to obtain temporary residence permit to legalise their staying in Slovakia.
Slovakia is country in the heart of Europe. Some people are arguing, that geographically center of Europe might be somewhere else, but take a close look to map – Slovakia is exactly between northern and southern countries as well as western and eastern countries. It has only 5.4 millions of inhabitants, but nature is extremely diversified – in one day, you can go from lowlands to High Tatras.
There are plenty of leisure time activities, that can be exercised in free time of students. Since Slovakia has lowlands as well as mountains, one can enjoy swimming, footbal, hiking, skiing, tennis, horse riding – and many more! Moreover, there is plenty of cultural event taking place in streets every evening.
Admission process is different for every educational institution in Slovakia. There might be entrance examination, interview or motivation letter that need to be submitted for various types of institutions.
Furthermore, it is really important to start planning with an advance – especially students from third countries need to get their visas before arival to Slovakia.
Applicants may apply to Universities in two ways: electronically or by sending the filled-in paper application. Most usually, following documents are necessary when applying to University: School leaving diploma, Transcript of records, Copy of passport or ID, Curicculum Vitae and proof of payment for entrance examination.
Welcome at website of StudyinSlovakia.sk – agency for international students, who consider studying at university in Slovakia. This portal contains important information not only about universities, faculties or study programmes, but also about important aspects of studying in Slovakia, such as organisation of study, recognition of previous courses or admission process.
The most important information about educational institutions in Slovakia is, that they run under ECTS – European Credit Transfer System, which was introduced back in 2002 and equals study attainment reached in different coutries within Europe. There are credits awarded for passing credit test, exams or colloquium. Students need to obtain 30 credits for one semester or 60 credits for study year (this information may be different for some faculties). ECTS grading scale is following: the best mark is A (which is equivalent to 1), the worst is F or FX (which means failure – student must repeat examination). Lowest possible mark for passing given exam is E (equivalent to 3 – satisfactory). Marks are quite important – the better your index looks like, the higher chance you have for stipendium.
There are three levels of higher education in Slovakia: first level is Bachelor, second level is Masters and third level is Doctoral study programme (or PhD). Bachelor ends with degree "Bakalár" (abbreviation Bc.), Masters programmes end with "Magister" (abbr. Mgr.), "Inžinier" (abbr. Ing.), "doktor medicíny" (abbr. MUDr.), "doktor stomatológie" (abbr. MDDr.) and "doktor veterinárnej medicíny" (abbr. MVDr.). Finally, doctoral level ends with degrees of "philosophiae doctor" (abbr. "PhD.") or "artis doctor" (abbr. "ArtD.") which is offered in field of art. All study programmes must be accredited by the Ministry of Education, Science, Reseach and Sport of Slovak Republic. There are various tuition fees related to study in foreign language (alternatively students may apply to study in Slovak language, but good command of Slovak language is then required, since entrance examination and also classes are held in Slovak). Fees pre study programmes in foreign language vary from 750€ to 11.000€ per study year. They are considerable lower than in other countries, which is the main reason, why there are many students from all over the world studying in Slovakia.
Admission process at given study programme is different for every faculty or university. There are various types of admission process: for example, some faculties require students to take mutiple choice test, interview or motivation speech. Faculties usually limit study places, so it may be better to apply to more faculties and increase chances of being admitted. Generally speaking, the best advice is to apply to University as soon as possible – getting paperwork done may take a lot of time.
Faculty of medicine greatly superseded my expectations! Moreover I found that I've made more Slovak friends in the year that I've been in Kosice than the 3 I spent in Czech.
Kosice is an amazing place for students in my opinion, it is a calm city where you can find everything you need and still have a quite, calm atmosphere to study. I would not change it for any other city when deciding to study medicine today!
Košice is great city for living. I am pleased with city and people – there are really nice and helpful. I also like language which is really euphonius. What I really appreciate are our teachers – they helped me a lot since I started to study in Košice!


Consumer credit is optional for some of our most popular commercial loan programs. Recently, we?ve financed companies that have had problems including taxes, foreclosures or bankruptcy. We recognize that most client credit is not ideal. Therefore, we?ve introduced new commercial loan programs that address these funding scenarios because occasionally our clients might not have the best credit. To qualify for funding for one of our most explosive business funding programs the requirement are quite simple, and it funds quickly. Small businesses operating for at least three months with a minimum of $10,00 in monthly revenues meet the minimum requirements. We typically finance between $5,000 ? $500,000.00 or more. Contact us to find what your choices might be.
The primary objective of our organization is to get your business funded to strengthen communities nationwide. We provide impeccable service from initial consultation to preliminary approval and beyond closing the transaction. This commitment requires the laser focus of a seasoned team of professionals to receive the results that our clients have grown to expect. Professionals dedicated to working to deliver the results that our clients have grown to expect.
You can expect a complete line of ultra-competitive revenue-based funding programs for small businesses. Varying from financing programs that fund clients with excellent credit (A Credit) through less than perfect (D- Credit). Entrepreneurs with established credit may receive up to $5M in small business financing. Our funding network provides an abundant supply of "no hassle" funding options for small businesses with nonconventional funding scenarios.
We offer a few very popular startup loan programs that are ideal for new or existing businesses and it currently funds up to $5M. Some of the program benefits include financing for fixed business assets such as commercial equipment and/or residential or commercial real estate. With current rates beginning at 5.75%* and loan terms from 10 years to 25 years for repayment. We offer the most competitive and business-friendly financing options available anywhere today!
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Business startup funding maybe one of the most under used resources available to small business owners that are ready to receive funding to open a new business, franchise or interested in purchasing an existing business. The Rollover for Business Startup (ROBS) 401k is a great option to start your dream.


text:
require 'rails_helper'

RSpec.describe Feed do

	describe "initialize" do
		context "without initial feed" do
			it "sets the feed to empty array" do
				f = Feed.new
				expect(f.feed).to eq []
			end
		end
		context "with initial feed" do
			it "calls process_feed" do
				# not sure how to do this
			end
		end
	end

	describe "each" do
		before {
			raw_feed =
				[ { tweet: "Hello world" },
					{ tweet: "Cowabunga! Something something"},
					{ tweet: "I don't know what to say here"} ]
			@f = Feed.new(raw_feed)
		}

		it "should iterate through each tweet" do
			tweet_array = []
			@f.each do |t|
				tweet_array << t
			end
			expect(tweet_array).to eq ["Hello world",
				"Cowabunga! Something something",
				"I don't know what to say here"]
		end
	end

	describe "process_feed" do
		before {
			@f = Feed.new
			raw_feed =
				[ { tweet: "Normal tweet" },
					{ tweet: "RT @someone retweet" },
					{ tweet: "@bobby good day, sir!"},
					{ tweet: ".@kimmy is my best friend" },
					{ tweet: "Another plain ol tweet" },
					{ tweet: "hey visit my website please http://www.google.com" }
				]
			@f.process_feed(raw_feed)
		}

		it "removes retweets, personal tweets, and links" do
			expect(@f.feed).to eq [ { tweet: "Normal tweet" },
				{ tweet: "Another plain ol tweet" },
				{ tweet: "hey visit my website please " } ]
		end

	end

end


text:
package org.trianacode.shiwaall.dax;

import org.apache.commons.logging.Log;
import org.trianacode.enactment.logging.Loggers;
import org.trianacode.gui.panels.ParameterPanel;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.Set;

// TODO: Auto-generated Javadoc
/**
 * Created by IntelliJ IDEA.
 * User: Ian Harvey
 * Date: Dec 10, 2010
 * Time: 1:09:17 PM
 * To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates.
 */

public class SettingObjectOutputPanel extends ParameterPanel {

    /** The output area. */
    private JTextArea outputArea = new JTextArea();

    /** The map. */
    private HashMap map = new HashMap();

    /** The dev log. */
    private static Log devLog = Loggers.DEV_LOGGER;

    /* (non-Javadoc)
     * @see org.trianacode.gui.panels.ParameterPanel#init()
     */
    @Override
    public void init() {
        getParams();

        this.setLayout(new BorderLayout());
        outputArea.setRows(10);
        this.add(outputArea, BorderLayout.CENTER);
        this.revalidate();

        JLabel headerLabel = new JLabel("Setting object contains : ");
        add(headerLabel, BorderLayout.NORTH);

        Set mapKeys = map.keySet();

        for (Iterator i = mapKeys.iterator(); i.hasNext(); ) {
            Object o = i.next();

            devLog.debug("Key is of class : " + o.getClass());

            String string = o.toString();
            string += " : " + map.get(o);
            devLog.debug(string);
            outputArea.append("\n" + string);

        }

    }

    /**
     * Gets the params.
     *
     * @return the params
     */
    private void getParams() {
        Object o = getTask().getParameter("map");
        if (o instanceof HashMap) {
            map = (HashMap) o;
        }
    }

    /* (non-Javadoc)
     * @see org.trianacode.gui.panels.ParameterPanel#reset()
     */
    @Override
    public void reset() {
    }

    /* (non-Javadoc)
     * @see org.trianacode.gui.panels.ParameterPanel#dispose()
     */
    @Override
    public void dispose() {
    }
}


Flying higher? Now you can fly Tello all the way up to 30m, an upgrade from the original maximum flying height of 10m.
Flying longer? You may simply own a battery charger hub to extend your flight time.
On top of that, you can unlock more fun with various accessories such as remote controllers, stickers, colorful shells, as well as built-in ports to mount your favorite cartoon figures.
I saw the Tello Edu app mentioned on the poster and looked for it in the Google Play store. The developer is listed as Wiedu. Is this the correct app?
Got a tello for times when it is windy and wet outside. For the price the tello is an outstanding little drone, great quality and more importantly flies fantastic, stable a fantastic trainer. If you haven't already got one, treat yourself, it's money well spent.
Got a free Tello with my quad purchase. Now I'll need to start buying more batteries? Well I will if I don't want to wait 1.5hrs between flights. oh boy.
That's really a good idea Vlas. However, we pretty sorry that there is no built-in GPS to locate its position as well as track, that accounts for the available for tracking.
Whats more new about it beside it can fly 30m way up?
The first Tello has distance issues, has this new Tello improved it's performance?
Cool. Do you ship worldwide?
Is the update to 30m a firmware update or a hardware one?
Firmware upgrade Quade. 30m Height would be available after upgrading to the latest firmware version.
My Tello indicates the latest firmware...1.04.35.01 but the altitude is still limited to 10m.
My sincere apology for the late response, Quade. In the same page with firmware version & APP version,please scroll down to the bottom to find the max height adjustment and set the Max height as 30m, which you might have already known it. Once again, sorry for the late reply.


text:
by Pam Schipper • April 19, 2018 • Comments Off on Arts & Entertainment
'Textures & Textiles'
Through May 14, Arts Barn
Art made of cloth, glass and found materials. Free.
'Altar Boyz'
Through April 29; 8 p.m. Fridays and Saturdays; 2 p.m. Sundays, Arts Barn
This musical comedy presented by Rockville Musical Theatre is about a fictitious Christian boy-band on the last night of their national tour. Tickets are $22 for adults, $12 for youth.
Harmonious Art Group
April 20–July 1, Activity Center at Bohrer Park
Featuring traditional and contemporary Chinese art work. Free.
Main Street Farmers Market
April 21 & 28, 9 a.m.–2 p.m., Main Street Pavilion
Weekly market offering fresh produce, plants, baked treats and more. Craft vendors selling jewelry, health and beauty products, clothing and a variety of other goods.
Sugarloaf Craft Festival
April 20-22; 10 a.m.-6 p.m. Friday and Saturday; 10 a.m.-5 p.m. Sunday, Montgomery County Fairgrounds
Browse the work of more than 250 independent artisans, see artist demonstrations and enjoy great food and entertainment. $8 online; $10 at the door; children under 12 are free.
Spring Flea Market
April 21, 10 a.m.-1 p.m., Casey Community Center
Discover gently used and new items, including clothes, household wares, children's items, collectibles and more. Free admission.
Spring Planting
April 21, 2-4 p.m., Quince Orchard Library
Learn to grow flowers and vegetables from seed. For ages 8 to adult. Register online at www.montgomerycountymd.gov/library.
Photo | City of Gaithersburg
Paws in the Park on April 22 raises funds to help homeless and abandoned animals throughout Montgomery County.
Paws in the Park
April 22, 12-4 p.m., Bohrer Park at Summit Hall Farm
The fun-filled afternoon includes a one-mile walk for dogs and people, pet games, prizes, demos, rescue groups, a "flealess" market with pet-friendly vendors, food, music and more. $15 for adults in advance; $25 for adults at the gate; children (12 and under) are free.
Environmental Film Night: 'A Plastic Ocean'
April 22, 7 p.m., Arts Barn
This film documents how plastics, once they enter the oceans, break up into small particulates that enter the food chain where they attract toxins like a magnet. Free. Contact the City of Gaithersburg Environmental Services to register.
Kentlands Acoustic Acoustic Jam
April 24, 6-9 p.m., Carriage House, 321 Kent Square Road
Music lovers and musicians gather for potluck-style food, drink and, of course, to jam.
May 1, 7-8 p.m., City Hall Concert Pavilion
Yoga in the Park begins! Look for it on Tuesday evenings through Aug. 28. Free.
CHARACTER COUNTS! Awards Ceremony & Reception
May 2, 6-7:30 p.m., Rachel Carson Elementary School
To celebrate CHARACTER COUNTS! in Gaithersburg, 575 students created written and graphic works celebrating the Six Pillars of Character. Winners and honorable mentions will be recognized.
Tai Chi in the Park
May 3, 7-8 p.m., Bohrer Park at Summit Hall Farm
Tai Chi in the Park begins! Look for it Thursday evenings, 7 p.m. through July 26. Free.
Star Wars Film Screening – 'The Last Jedi'
Film & Brew Party with comedian Danny Rouhier of 106.7 The Fan, May 4, doors open at 6 p.m., Arts Barn
Dress up as your favorite Star Wars character and enjoy an evening of trivia, giveaways, a costume contest, and a pre-movie discussion by Star Wars saga experts and serious fans. $20 in advance, $25 at the door.
Zumba in the Park
Zumba in the Park returns on Friday evenings from 7 to 8 p.m. through Aug. 31 (no class May 18). Free.
Featuring the Symphony Orchestra of Northern Virginia, May 5, 4 p.m., Arts Barn
Experience the iconic music of the Star Wars saga with a live symphony orchestra. Led by Maestro Jeffrey Dokken, the Symphony Orchestra of Northern Virginia brings the instantly recognizable music of John Williams to life. Tickets are $15 in advance, $20 at the door, $12 for youth 14 & under.
La Milla de Mayo
May 5, 5:30-7:30 p.m., Olde Towne, Gaithersburg
Participate in a fun one-mile run/walk and then celebrate the completion of the race with music, food, Salsa dancing, and Cinco de Mayo festivities. Fees are $27 and less to participate. Free Kids Fun Runs kick off the race.
Family Star Wars Day
May 6, 12:30-4 p.m., Arts Barn
Enjoy family-friendly activities, including art and STEM workshops and a screening of "LEGO Star Wars – The Freemaker Adventures." Please note that each workshop registrant receives a promo code for one free admission to the LEGO Star Wars screening. Workshops include Projects in Clay, Create Your Own Jawa, and Technology of Intergalactic Combat. Fees vary; visit www.gaithersburgmd.gov for more information.
← Eye on Art
First Steps Toward Making Kentlands a Center for Classical Music →


www.easydebtpay.com - West Payment Center - Deal Biscuit - Eat The Info!
The Easy Debt Pay center allows a customer pay on an account balance online. To make a payment the user will need their account number and 5 digit zip code. The Easy Debt Pay page is operated by West Asset Management debt collections. Any questions about this debt collecting service should be directed to 1-888-433-2886 from 9 am to 5 pm Eastern Standard Time.
The West Corporation prides themselves in technology and customized services that better serve their clients to compete in an ever changing marketplace. The firm is headed by CEO Tom Baker who has been with West since 1991 and is a graduate of the University of Dayton. Second in command is Nancee Berger who is the Chief Operating Officer/President and has been with West since 1989. Nancee Berger graduated from the University of Nebraska and worked with IBM prior to West.
The West Corporation can be found on the NASDAQ stock exchange under ticker WSTC and is based at 11808 Miracle Hills Drive, Omaha, NE 68154.


This post is about a WordPress plugin which can be used for creating a responsive mobile phone or cell phone comparison website in your WordPress blog. By using this WordPress plugin can create a mobile phone comparison site, mobile phone specifications site, mobile phone affiliate site, cell phone reviews and ratings site and mobile phone information site in WordPress. From the plugin settings page you can add Mobile phone models with brand information, mobile phone specifications, mobile phone page with image gallery, edit plugin design settings, add zoom effect for featured image and add mobile phone comparisons. This WordPress plugin also supports user ratings and reviews, Amazon affiliate integration, instant search with Ajax support and custom widgets.
1) Add Mobile phone models: This WordPress plugin uses custom post types for creating new posts about mobile phone models. You can add details about mobile phones, brand information, mobile phone images, image gallery and featured image for mobile phone models.
2) Mobile phone specifications: You can add the following details about mobile phones: Device type, Model information, Announced date, Released date, Status, Price of the mobile phone, Design type of mobile phone, protection information, Available colors, Weight of mobile phone, Dimensions of mobile phone, Network support for 2G, 3G and 4G networks, SIM type, Dual SIM capability, Display type, Display size, Colors, Pixel density, Resolution, Touch screen support, Secondary display information, Audio playback support, Video playback support, FM radio, Video out, Ring tones, Alert types, Headphone jack information, Loudspeaker support, Primary camera, Secondary camera, Video information, Image information, Camera features, Flash support, User interface, Operating system, Facebook support, YouTube support, Java support, Chipset information, CPU information, GPU information, Ram information, Internal storage, Card slot information, Sensors, Wi-Fi support, Bluetooth support, Infrared support, Wi-Fi hotspot support, GPS support, USB support, NFC support, HDMI support, Wireless charging support, EDGE support, GPRS support, Data Speed, Web browser information, SMS support, IM support, MMS support, Email support, Battery type, Battery capacity, Placement information, Standby information, Music play information and Talk time information.
3) User ratings and reviews: Users of your site have the option to post ratings and reviews for mobile phones. They can rate a mobile phone from 1 to 10 based on Camera, Display, Design, Multimedia, Features, Connectivity, Usability, Call quality, Battery and Performance. User ratings are fully animated.
4) Amazon affiliate integration: You can add Amazon affiliate links and offers for the mobile phones in your site.
5) Mobile phone page: You can customize the mobile phone page as per your requirements. Mobile phone information is displayed in tabs: Overview, Specifications, Reviews, Gallery and Offers. You have the option to customize tabs as per your needs.
6) Responsive design: Mobile phone comparison site created by using this WordPress plugin is fully responsive and will work on all types of devices including desktops, laptops, cell phones and tablets.
7) Design settings: From the plugin settings page you can edit container width, select the position for the content display, select a color scheme, select border color, enable or disable group icons and add custom CSS codes.
8) Zoom effect for featured image: Users can hover and zoom the main mobile phone image.
9) Mobile phone comparisons: Users of your site can add up to three mobile phones and compare them. As an admin you can also create your own mobile phone comparisons and display it as a widget in the sidebars.
10) Instant search with Ajax support: You can add instant search with Ajax support in your mobile phone comparison website. When users start typing in the search box results are displayed instantly.
11) Custom widgets: This WordPress plugin comes with various types of custom widgets: New arrivals widget to display new mobile phones added in your website, Brand widget with number of phones added, Top rated mobile phones widget, etc.
can i do affiliate marketing with this plugin?
Yes! It comes with Affiliate Stores Management System.


I have a client who has fabulous parties for her kids and comes up with great themes. These invitations and party favors were for her daughter's very special 5th birthday – a Frozen themed party! Such a great idea for a summer party – to cool things down. Although, when we began the designing and prep for this event, there was still snow on the ground outside of my studio. Boy, how things have changed quickly over the past few months… The invitation was a interactive snow globe – shake the beads inside for snow fun! Flip the invite over and the party information is found on the back. The 3D castle with paper dolls was used as an activity for the young girls to assemble and play with during the party. And of course, everyone needs a snow wand. I made an extra one that I keep on my desk so when my kids get out of hand – a little wave of the wand to "freeze" them.


Amplify your electronic music productions using professionally recorded and production ready sample packs. With multitude of essential techno kick drums, analog hi-hats and layered snare drums it's an absolutely timeless sound compilation. Every building block that is featured in our sample packs is the effect of years of music making expertise. Add atmospheric sound vibes and classic drum sounds to your music productions with this professionally recorded sound library.
Quickly add an analog layer to every drum sequence by simply dropping one of the sounds into your tracks. If you're into hard hitting kick drums and countless more professionally produced drum sounds, then we've got something for you.


text:
Evisceration Plague () — одиннадцатый студийный альбом американской брутал дэт-метал-группы Cannibal Corpse, выпущен в 2009 году на лейбле Metal Blade Records.

Об альбоме
Evisceration Plague был спродюсирован гитаристом группы Hate Eternal, Эриком Рутаном.
В том же 2009 был снят одноименный клип на песню «Evisceration Plague».
В 2010 Cannibal Corpse сняли студийный клип на песню «Priests of Sodom».

Диск занял 66-е место в американском чарте Billboard 200.

Список композиций

Чарты

Примечания

Ссылки
 Тексты песен альбома
 Visceration Plague на discogs.com

Альбомы Cannibal Corpse
Альбомы Metal Blade Records

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


A cab from central Melbourne to the airport will cost you about $50 or $55 Australian.
If you are just visiting Melbourne you probably won't use the car much.
Return the car and save money. Yes, the taxis are not cheap but you should have no need to use them in Melbourne itself, except to return to the airport. The tram network will get you to wherever you want to go. The tourist tram is free and likewise there is a free tourist bus.
I don't know where you are staying, but it is not unusual for hotels to charge you for car parking as well (some are a riduculous price). So bear that in mind if you want to keep the car.
Should also have mentioned that if you are going to return the car, organise to drop it off in the city itself. If you return it to the airport, you will then have to pay for taxi to get you into Melbourne.
On one of your other threads, it was suggested that you stay at St. Kilda (great spot), you would still use the tram network to get into the city if that is what you are considering.
Re stopping off at Bells Beach to see the surfing, I really don't think you have time in view of the fact that it will be dark by the time you get to Lorne if you do this. The GOR is not somewhere you want to be driving for the first time in the dark and, besides, the stretch between Angelsea and Lorne is beautiful and you won't see it.
I don't follow the Rip Curl Pro so I am not sure, but I suspect that by the time you get down to it, the days competition will basically be over by then anyway. When in Lorne check with the Visitors Centre as to how the competition is going because if the waves are not good enough at Bells for the comp, the alternate venue is at Johanna which is a bit past Apollo Bay. As the two beaches face different directions, when the waves are no good at one, they should be good at the other.
I would stop at Anglesea briefly on your way through and visit the golf course as you have a good chance of seeing quite a lot of kangaroos at that time of day. They like to move up towards the road later afternoon. After you cross the bridge take the first right into Noble Street. Golf Links Road will be on your right about 1km up the road. Drive along that road. Go all the way up to the Golf Course itself as they are often up towards the Club House. Anyone can go into the Clubhouse to the bar for a quick drink which is not a bad way to spend a little bit of time whilst you watch the kangaroos.
Generally, Public transport in Melbourne is very good and well integrated with tickets covering trams, trains and buses. I would not bother with a car for 2 nights.


10-ft x 10-ft Outdoor Steel Frame Gazebo with Mosquito Netting Screen and Canopy » Backyard furniture, gardening, and garden décor.
If the best part of summer is sitting outdoors then the worst is enduring the bugs. This 10-ft x 10-ft Outdoor Steel Frame Gazebo with Mosquito Netting Screen and Canopy takes care of both in one fell swoop. Not only does it have a sturdy and stylish design that looks good in any outdoor setting, it features a fully enclosed screen to keep insects out. The screen is panels that can be swept to the side and tied back when bugs are not an issue. You'll love the dependability and style of the heavy-duty steel frame and rust-resistant dark brown finish as much as you do the three-tier top that keeps sun and a spontaneous rain shows at bay.


We offer hourly, stand-alone sessions for those who are interested in meeting with a Potter's Inn Soul Care Provider. You may schedule a day to come to our Aspen Ridge Retreat in Divide, Colorado or we can talk online via Skype. Sometimes, a third space can be designated to meet depending on your location and situation.
There is an hourly fee for each session and will be determined with the individual Soul Care Provider you meet.
Spiritual Direction is a distinct aspect of Soul Care that we highly value at Potter's Inn and integrate into our work with others. Spiritual Direction is a prayer relationship where the director joins the directee to listen for, observe, discover and discern the presence, movement and leading of God's Spirit in and among the directee's life. The director offers space, guided questions, observations and silence to help the directee hear and see God. The director guides the directee to listen deeply and personally toward growing intimacy with Christ. The director does not offer anything beyond what God reveals in the context of listening prayer. Focus is placed on presence/dailiness with God. Traditional Spiritual Directors are trained and often certified in the art of Spiritual Direction.


Now you can create your own with the all new Discount feature! Slash prices to make new fans feel welcome or show your loyal followers how much you love them. It's easy and the details are up to you! A one-day sale? Sure! Holiday savings all season long? Why not!
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After download this ScreenFlow for Windows alternative to your PC, double click to open the installation wizard and follow on-screen steps to install it to your computer. When complete, you can start it from the desktop if available or go to the installation folder to launch it.
There are 3 modes in Movavi Screen Capture Studio, each of which is enable optimal frame rate, compression rate, and screen area. Choose your capture mode and make settings to capture area / capture audio / cursor and click effects if necessary.
Click the REC button to start recording. A green rectangle will appear around the recording area.
Press F10 to stop recording; Press F9 to pause recording.
When the recording is finished, a task choosing window will open. You're able to delete the recording, edit it, convert it or share it.
By clicking the Edit button, the built-in Video Editor will open, in which you can easily import the recorded video, enhance video, apply effects, add titles/audio, etc. All common tools are included.
In the video editor, you can convert video to any format, burn to DVD discs, upload to YouTube, and so on.
1. To convert recorded video and burn video to DVD. you should click Edit rather than Share.
2. YouTube limits your video to 100MB and 15 minutes, while Facebook to 100MB and 20 minutes.
1. Click Start > All programs.
2. In the list of programs, find the program you want to remove and click its name.
3. Click the Uninstall option.
3. In the window that appears, click the Uninstall button.
4. The program will be removed from your computer.
Alternatively, go to Start menu > Control Panel > Programs and Features. Select the program and click Uninstall on top.


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Q: Security SessionFixationProtectionStrategy interfering with session scoped beans I'm using Spring 3.1.1.Release, Security 3.1.0.Release.
I've added login/logout to my web app, however a session scoped bean is not functioning the way it was. The bean is used to connect to a CMS called CMSConnector.
To authenticate users, I implemented an AuthenticationProvider, and in the authenticate() call, I get the session-scoped CMSConnector and call the CMSConnector.login(). If the CMS login fails, it fails the login.
THE PROBLEM -
If the login is success, @predestroy logout() is called immediately after the successful login. I then found it was the SessionFixationProtectionStrategy is invoking the invalidate the previous session and assign it a new session.
session.invalidate();
session = request.getSession(true); // we now have a new session

The invalidate() is calling the @predestroy method on the session-scoped bean.
So I have temporarily removed the the @predestroy annotation leaving the connection not closed. (VERY BAD PRACTICE.)
What is a work around to resolve the issue?
I tried to create a @PostConstruct and put the login process there, but the @PostConstruct doesn't get called when request.getSession(true) is called.
Thanks!
Jason

A: I think its not the SessionFixationProtectionStrategy but the ConcurrentSessionControlStrategy.
Set max-sessions="-1" for this code snippet

A: I did not solve my original question, but I implemented a workaround - expire session in the session expire object instead of attached with @predestroy.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
A fada é um ser mitológico, característico dos mitos célticos e germânicos.

O primeiro autor que mencionou as fadas foi Pompônio Mela, um geógrafo que viveu durante o século I d.C. As fadas não são o feminino dos elfos. Levando em conta que esse mito surgiu pelo fato de a Deusa Grian, a rainha dos elfos, e a Deusa Aine, a rainha das fadas, serem irmãs. Mas elas nunca se encontravam, Grian e Aine alternavam-se na regência do ciclo solar na Roda do Ano, trocando de lugar a cada solstício. Sendo assim elfos e fadas não tem nenhum contato direto. É usado o termo "Fada" tanto para fadas do sexo masculino, quanto para fadas do sexo feminino. O termo incorporou-se a cultura ocidental a partir dos assim chamados "contos de fadas". Nesse tipo de história, a fada é representada de forma semelhante a versão clássica dos elfos de J.R.R. Tolkien, porém apresentando asas de libélula nas costas e utilizando-se de uma "varinha de condão" para realizar encantamentos.

Dependendo da obra em que aparece, a fada pode ser retratada em estatura de uma mulher normal ou diminuta. No primeiro caso, temos a fada de Cinderela. Como exemplo da segunda representação podemos citar "Sininho", do clássico infantil "Peter Pan", de J. M. Barrie.

O escritor e folclorista inglês Joseph Ritson, na sua dissertação On Fairies, definiu as fadas como uma espécie de seres parcialmente materiais, parcialmente espirituais, com o poder de mudarem a sua aparência e de, conforme a sua vontade, serem visíveis ou invisíveis para os seres humanos.

Etimologia
Segundo Schoereder (s/d., p. 66), o nome fada "vem do latim fatum, que significa fado, destino. Dessa forma, acredita-se que elas intervêm de forma mágica no destino das pessoas."

A hierarquia do mundo invisível

Segundo a teosofia, os espíritos da natureza podem ser categorizados hierarquicamente, na forma como se segue (Gelder, 1986):

Anjos ou Devas: seres luminosos de grande inteligência que agem como orientadores da Natureza e supervisores dos espíritos de menor importância.
Elementais, Espíritos da Natureza ou Fadas: espíritos dos quatro elementos (ar, água, terra e fogo).
 Elementais do ar: divididos em sílfides ou fadas das nuvens e fadas das tempestades. As primeiras vivem nas nuvens, são dotadas de elevada inteligência e sua principal atividade é transferir luz para as plantas; interessam-se muito também por animais e por pessoas, para as quais podem agir como protetoras e guias. As fadas das tempestades possuem grande energia e circulam sobre as florestas e ao redor dos picos das montanhas; costumam ser vistas em grupos pelas alturas e só descem à superfície quando o vento está forte.
 Elementais da terra: seus principais representantes são os gnomos, criaturas de cerca de um metro de altura que vivem no interior da terra (embora existam gnomos da floresta, que cuidam basicamente das raízes das plantas). Os kobolds, menores que os gnomos, são mais amigáveis e prestativos para os humanos que seus parentes, embora sejam igualmente cautelosos. Os gigantes são entidades enormes que costumam estar ligados à montanhas, embora também possam viver em florestas antigas. Finalmente, os Devas da Montanha, são os elementais da terra mais evoluídos, entidades que permeiam e trabalham com uma montanha ou uma cadeia inteira de montanhas, com sua consciência tão profundamente imersa na Terra que mal tomam conhecimento da existência de criaturas de vida breve, como os homens.
 Elementais do fogo: as salamandras ou espíritos do fogo, habitam o subsolo vulcânico, os relâmpagos e as fogueiras. São mais poderosas que as fadas dos jardins, mas estão mais distantes da humanidade também. São espíritos de transformação, responsáveis pela conversão de matéria em decomposição em solo fértil. Podem agir também como espíritos de inspiração, mediadores entre o mundo angélico e os níveis físicos de criação (ou seja, agem como musas).
 Elementais das águas: representados pelas ninfas, ondinas, espíritos das águas e náiades, são responsáveis por retirar energia do sol para transmití-la à água. As ninfas estão ligadas às águas, mas também à montanhas e florestas. Regulam o fluxo da água na crosta terrestre e dão personalidade e individualidade a locais aquáticos, tais como poços, lagos e fontes. Podem assumir a forma de peixes, os quais protegem. As ondinas parecem estar restritas a determinadas localidades, sendo responsáveis pelas quedas d'água e a vegetação circundante. Os espíritos das águas vivem em rios, fontes, lagos e pântanos. Assemelham-se a belas donzelas, muitas vezes com caudas de peixe; gostam de música e dança, e têm o dom da profecia. Embora possam ajudar eventualmente os seres humanos, estes têm de se acautelar com tais espíritos, que podem ser traiçoeiros e afogar pessoas. Da mesma forma que os espíritos das águas, as náiades presidem os rios, correntezas, ribeiros, fontes, lagos, lagoas, poços e pântanos.

A Fada do Dente
Há uma tradição em Portugal, Brasil, Canadá, em parte do Reino Unido e nos Estados Unidos e em outros países europeus, segundo a qual a "Fada do Dente" viria à noite para trocar o "dente de leite", colocado sob o travesseiro de uma criança, por uma moeda ou um pequeno presente.

Histórias sobre a Fada do Dente circulam desde o início do , embora ninguém saiba sua origem exata. Todavia, trocar "dentes de leite" por presentes é algo que remonta aos viquingues, há mais de mil anos.

Fadas na cultura popular
Lorelei, a fada alemã, de longos cabelos louros, que canta para atrair os homens e afogá-los.
Morgana Le Fay, a protetora do rei Artur em Avalon.
Viviane, a amante de Merlin.
Fada Bela, personagem da série Caça Talentos, da Rede Globo entre 1996 a 1998, é meio fada e meio humana, possui vários poderes. Foi interpretada por Angélica.
Sininho (ou Tinker Bell), fada fiel a Peter Pan que é apaixonada platonicamente pelo companheiro.
Sookie Stackhouse, personagem dos livros da autora Charlaine Harris e da série True Blood, é meio fada e meio humana. Possui o dom da telepatia.
No universo ficcional de Harry Potter, as fadas são pequenos animais humanoides de baixa inteligência e fraco poder mágico. Dotadas de asas de inseto multicoloridas, são utilizadas pelos bruxos para compor decorações vivas. Habitantes de matas e alagadiços, são criaturas mudas que comunicam-se através de zumbidos. Reproduzem-se pondo ovos na parte de baixo de folhas. J. K. Rowling cita ainda uma espécie chamada "fada mordente", praga doméstica venenosa. cujos ovos têm propriedades mágicas.
Winx Club, Wings e Os Padrinhos Mágicos são outros exemplos de obras modernas que usam fadas como tema.
Navi a fada companheira do herói Link, na série de videogame, "The Legend Of Zelda".
Criança trocada é uma lenda relacionada a fadas chamadas "changelings".
Princesa Holly, a princesa-fada protagonista da série O Pequeno Reino de Ben e Holly.

Ver também

Jã
Sídhe

Bibliografia
COELHO, Nelly Novaes. O Conto de Fadas. São Paulo: Ática, 1987. ISBN 8508015240
GELDER, Dora Van. O mundo real das fadas. São Paulo: Pensamento, 1986.
KRONZEK, Allan Zola. O Manual do Bruxo – um dicionário do mundo mágico de Harry Potter. Rio de Janeiro: Sextante, 2003. ISBN 85-7542-069-0
SCAMANDER, Newt. Animais Fantásticos e Onde Habitam. Rio de Janeiro: Rocco, 2001. ISBN 85-325-1329-8
SCHOEREDER, Gilberto. Fadas, duendes e gnomos. O mundo invisível. São Paulo: Hemus, s/d. ISBN 8528903664

Notas e referências

Personagens modelos


Cruise Along Ancient Trading Routes of Ancient Civilizations in Turkey.
Charter today cruising along what were, in the Ancient World: water highways and trading routes. Cities sprang up in protected harbors which were home to civilization after civilization through the centuries, and which are still today, protected anchorages and harbors to visit on a crewed charter yacht. An Ancient Trading Route ran from Istanbul down the western coast of Turkey and the Greek Dodecanese Islands, along the southern coast of Turkey past Cyprus. Similarly, an Ancient Trading Route ran from Venice, along Croatia, through Montenegro and the Ionian Islands of Greece. It is those same harbors and ports today, and more, which on a crewed yacht charter visit offer a portal into Ancient History.
A cruise along the western and southern coast of Turkey and the Greek Dodecanese Islands can be a charter hop from ancient site to ancient site. And a yacht charter experience visiting these ancient sites, can be rounded off with a visit to the Bodrum Underwater Archeology Museum in the crusader castle guarding the harbor in Bodrum; a great museum filled with exhibits of artifacts culled from ancient shipwrecks along this trading route. Dock in Kusadasi to visit Ephesus by van, then cruise to Didem to visit Priene, Didyma, and Miletus by van. Stop in Bodrum to visit the Bodrum Underwater Archeology Museum and to wander the ancient theatre in the hills behind. Knidos lies waiting to be explored at the tip of the Datca Peninsula, where your charter yacht can sail into and anchor right in the ancient harbor. Take a trip up the Dalyan River in flat bottomed river boats from the anchorage in Ekincik to see ruins of the ancient city of Caunos, and Lycian Temple Front Cliffside Tombs. Further east along the southern coast of Turkey, visit Xanthos, Patara and Letoon by van, and then spend several days exploring by yacht around Kekova Island. In the Kekova area, are several ancient sites, including ruins just under the water surface to be snorkeled over, Lycian Sarcophagi, and a theatre carved into the side of a small rocky islet. And be sure to visit the church of St. Nicholas in Myra, along with the fantastic display of Lycian Temple Front Cliffside Tombs set next to the ruins of a Roman theatre in Demre.
Of course, one cannot miss visiting the famous Acropolis when starting a charter in Athens. While on charter, visit temple ruins in Sounion, Aegina, and Corfu. Corfu is the gateway to Butrint, across the water along the coast in Albania, and well worth the quick hop over. Santorini boasts an ancient Hellenic site on a mountain top, along with the excavation at Akrotiri which some believe could be Minoan, while others speculate that this site could be the lost city of Atlantis. The island of Kos has a number of ancient ruins near the Crusader Castle. Caves on several islands were said to be home to Ulysses, and on Patmos, a cave was said to be home to the Apostle John, when writing the Book of Revelations. Ancient ruins can be seen on Samos, home to Pythagoras. And next to Mykonos, is the sacred island of Delos, which is a monument of ancient ruins along with a museum.
Civilizations in the Ancient World were quite fond of Croatia, particularly the Romans, who often "summered" just as we do today on various islands and along the coastline of Croatia. Certainly, the most outstanding Roman ruin remaining in Croatia, is the ruin of Diocletian's Palace in Split, which was built as a retirement palace for the Emperor Diocletain. These ruins sit in the middle of Split, around which the rest of the town over the centuries has clustered. Nearby Split are the ancient ruins of the Roman city of Saloma. In Pula is are the terrific remains of a large Roman Amphitheatre. The Stari Grad Plain on the island of Hvar still remains, and is an example of farming techniques from the Hellenic time period.
Home of the capital city of the Roman Empire, Italy offers many ancient sites to be visited on a crewed yacht charter, most built during the Roman time period; and scattered along the coastline and throughout the islands of Italy. Dock in Ostia, Italy, once the ancient harbor of Rome and visit the ruins of the once ancient harbor close by. Then visit Rome by van taking the ancient road from the harbor into the city center. The Romans both enjoyed the Pontine Islands for relaxation and to exile embarrassing family members. Emperor Augustus exiled his daughter Julia to Ventotene, where the ruins of the Villa Julia can still be seen, along with the remains of the Roman harbor in the main port. Later Nero exiled his wife Octavia to Ventotene as well. When visiting Ponza, be sure to walk through the Roman tunnel cut into the limestone connecting the harbor side of the island to Luna Bay. And don't miss Pompeii and Herculaneum, which are terrific sites to visit by van when docked in Sorrento.
To see many ancient sites, just like in ancient times, traveling by water is often the very best way to explore the coastlines and islands visiting the various ancient sites still remaining to learn "hands on" about the ancient world. A crewed yacht charter is easily organized through Turkey, Greece, Croatia and Italy focused on the footsteps and marks left by ancient civilizations many centuries ago.


Imagine if you come home after a long journey or return home after dark and your garage door fails. Or worse you need to make a trip and your garage door fails to open. Very inconvenient, even disastrous!
This is why we operate a 24 hour call out garage door repair service. Any time in the Bristol area, we'll come out to you and do the emergency repairs needed to fix your garage door – with follow up repairs if needed.
We are able to carry out garage door repairs on all makes and models of doors and electrical operators.


text:
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Kasol, India: The Perfect Place to…Chill Out
What travel stories do you have?
Global travel blog that features travel stories on living, traveling and growing up in cities, villages and towns around the world!
The city lights and the sky-high buildings of Delhi and Mumbai are surely a spectacle to see. They speak of the development India has seen and the architectural talents we boast of…but deep down, we just want to feel at home. We want the primitive powers of nature to catch our fancy and rejuvenate our wounded souls. So we look for solace in nature, in it's hills and valleys with their steep inclines and untouched beauty. That is the reason Kasol, a peaceful hill station located in the Kullu district of Himachal Pradesh, is frequented by so many – foreigners and Indians alike.
The faraway lands of the Parvati Valley, where Kasol is nestled, are replete with an uncanny, unworldly calm – something hard to find in our fast-paced life today. There's no rush and no hurry for things to happen, and this is why so many musicians, writers and creative souls find this place an ideal haven.
Kasol lies on the banks of the mighty river Parvati, which tends to surge during the monsoons. I decided to travel here during the monsoon, overlooking the risks of landslides and flash floods as I was aching to visit. I had heard tales of this place from my friends. They said the waves bring music to your ears as they strike against the mighty rocks on the banks of the river, and you can just sit for hours, unaware of time flowing past you.
Himachal, also known as the Scotland of India, has an incredible international appeal, and the inherent innocence of its inhabitants is evidence of the purity of this pristine state. Kasol, the mini Israel of India (as popularly known amongst travellers), has welcomed and embraced people from faraway lands, giving this place its much needed diversity.
If you want to experience the new age, chilled-out, accepting and nonjudgmental life of Kasol, I suggest you spend at least a fortnight.
Unlike other parts of this country – where judgmental eyes may constrain you – this place has stoners, hippies, rastafarians, thinkers, adventure seekers and revellers, all coming together, fully basking in wanderlust.
The region is famous for its hashish, which is a banned drug, although somehow everyone manages to get a hold of it. The multitude of cafes in the main town make for an ideal environment to get intoxicated – if you so choose.
Kasol – Cricket Match
The cafes in Kasol will remind you of Amsterdam, with trance and underground music playing in the background and plenty of stoners. Couches and mattresses are the most popular seating arrangements and the vibe is such that you'll just have to ask a kind stranger for a light. You won't be the only one – within an hour the entire cafe will be smoking the same joint/cigarette.
Israelis right out of the military spend a considerable amount of time here and add to the party spirit. Many have even opened up cafes and restaurants with art and psychedelic themed interiors – and the popular hummus and pita specialties. They say that this place actually feels like home to them.
A few kilometres ahead of Kasol is a Sikh holy site known as Manikaran Sahib, which has a natural hot water spring known to possess healing properties. In fact, the food served during langars, or communal meals, in the Gurudwara Manikaran Sahib is actually cooked using the water of the spring. You can even take a dip in the waters to cleanse your soul. Trust me the experience is out of the world.
Kasol – Hiking
A strenuous trek will take you to the adjoining regions of Kheerganga, Rasol, Tosh Valley and many other picturesque summits offering breathtaking views of the Himalayas – those majestic peaks, sometimes covered in snow and sometimes sparkling with lush greenery.
Accommodation is pretty reasonable, with a wide range of guesthouses to choose from, but I would suggest renting a hill cottage to fully experience the Himachali life here.
If you want to experience the new age, chilled-out, accepting and nonjudgmental life of Kasol, I suggest you spend at least a fortnight. I was restricted by college commitments and could only spend a week here, which was just not enough to absorb the glory of this magnificent town. But I will visit again soon, and this time I will stay long enough to explore the details and charm of Kasol.
Himalayas,India,Kasol
Aishwarya Sharma
A dentist by profession, and a writer, traveler and musician by passion - I never fail to explore some of the most underrated aspects of India. I have a special love for the hills as I grew up in the small, quaint hill town of Dehradun. I never leave out an opportunity to explore any landscape, whether it's the hilly terrains of Himachal Pradesh, the breezy beaches of Goa or the regal environs of Rajasthan. There's a pride I carry in my heart because I belong to one of the most diverse, fulfilling and vibrant regions of the world, India.
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What an interesting place – the Amsterdam and Tel Aviv of India. We will have to visit.
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There are many advantages you can get by installing this WP File Download. The first thing you will get is there are 4 responsive themes so you can decide which one is the best to showcase your files. It is also fully integrated with Google Drive, Onedrive, and Dropbox with the double way file sync to make your work easier.
All files you'd like to upload and share can also be categorized into folder or sub-folder as you need so your files can be manageable and easy to be found. If you want to upload new files or arrange them, it will as easy as drag and drop them. That will also useful for copying and moving the files and no need to worry about the duplicated files.
You can also set the limit of the files by only give access to some of the users and restrict for the others. If you have been shared a software before and needs to update its version, it is also possible. You can really update the file with the new version and the old one will be restored.
Wondering about how many times of a file has been downloaded? There is an advanced statistics dashboard from this WP download manager plugin.
And if you want to activate the social medias locker where visitors can download the file unless they likes, shares, tweet your page or content, there are set of social media buttons to help you with.
This WordPress plugin is really feature rich download manager that you will ever used yet it is super easy to navigate. All features mostly in one click away and you don't have to be the pro since the solid team of JoomUnited have done it for you.


The first session of High Fashion Product Design Training has been held on 6 March. This is also the first workshop of CCI in 2004. Juin Tam, the lecturer of this workshop, shared his valuable experience in Fashion Design with his students. Since every session of High Fashion Product Design Training is opened individually, it is now continuing to accept the registration.


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