Publications : Ramajayam and Elangovan, R (2013). A Stochastic Model in the Study of HIV/AIDS Epidemic and its Progression. International Transactions in Applied Sciences, Vol.5, No. 3, pp.415-422.
Ramajayam and Elangovan, R (2014). Expected time to cross the antigenic diversity threshold in HIV infection using shock model approach. Asia Pacific Journal of Research, Vol.1, Issue. XI, pp. 57-64.
Ramajayam and Elangovan, R (2014). Estimation of HIV infectivity through two modes of transmission, Journal of Ultra Scientist of Physical Sciences, Vol.18, No.2, pp. 233-238.
Ramajayam and Elangovan, R (2014). Tracing the threshold level of �� cd4 – HIV through multisource transmission, International Journal of Current Life Sciences, Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 46-50.
Ramajayam., R. Elangovan and Sathiyamoorthy, R (2015). Expected time to seroconversion of HIV infected when both Antigenic Diversity Threshold and Virulence Threshold satisfy SCBZ property. International Journal of Current Medical Sciences, Vol. 5, Issue. 1, pp. 01-07.
Ramajayam., R. Elangovan and Sathiyamoorthy, R (2015). Estimation of Expected Time to Seroconversion Due to either Antigenic Diversity or Virulence When Virulence Distribution undergoes a Change. International Journal of Recent Scientific Research, Vol. 6, Issue. 5, pp. 4242-4251.
Paper presented : NAAC Sponsored National Seminar on "Quality and Excellence in Higher Education", Theivanai Ammal College for Women (Autonomous), Villupuram. Title of the paper presented "Prediction of expected time to cross the antigenic diversity threshold in HIV infection – A Stochastic approach" June 21st to 22nd, 2013.
International Conference on Recent Advances in Statistics and Their Applications and 33rd Annual convention of Indian Society for Probability and Statistics (ISPS), Department of Statistics, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, Aurangabad, (M.S.) India. Title of the paper presented "A Stochastic Model in the Study of HIV/AIDS Epidemic and its Progression" December �� 26-28, 2013.
National Conference on "Mathematical Modelling 2014 (NCMM 2014)", Department of Mathematics, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar. Title of the paper presented "Attaining expected time of the threshold through shock model approach" February, 21st and 22nd, 2014.
UGC Sponsored National Conference on "Advances in Statistical Theory, Modelling and Applications (NCASTMA)", Department of Statistics, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore. Title of the paper presented "Estimation of HIV infectivity through two modes of transmission", March 27th to 28th, 2014.
NBHM Sponsored International workshop on "Reliability Theory and Survival Analysis (IWRS) 2014", Department of Statistics, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar. Title of the paper presented "Survival Trend of HIV/AIDS Epidemic based on Anti-Retroviral Therapy", November 17th to 19th, 2014.
National Science Day Organized by the Annamalai University 28th February, 2015. Title of the paper presented "Estimating the expected time to seroconversion of HIV infected when both antigenic diversity threshold and virulence threshold satisfy SCBZ property.
Seminars/Conferences/Workshops – attended : National Workshop on "Research Methodology and Data Analysis(Using Advanced Statistical Packages)" RMDA ��������������� 2013 , Department of Statistics, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, March 15th and 16th , 2013.
Indian Statistical Institute Sponsored "Advanced Training Programme in Statistics", Department of Statistics, Indira Gandhi College of Arts and Science, Kathirkamam, Puducherry, November 18th to 22nd, 2013.
UGC Sponsored National Workshop on "Multiplicity of Paradigms in Social Science Research – Critical analysis of Trends and Issues (MPSR – CATI – 2014)", Department of Statistics, Periyar Arts College, Cuddalore, April 9th to 10th , 2014.
NBHM Sponsored International workshop on "Reliability Theory and Survival Analysis IWRS 2014", Department of Statistics, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, November 17th to 19th, 2014.
National Workshop on ���SMARTY", Centre for Yoga Studies, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, February 16th and 17th, 2015.


Yes indeed folks, we had another fantastic time at this year's Union Street Festival of Lights Christmas Parade. The skaters were a huge hit as we skated along Union St. The weather help up for a great night of skating. Thanks to all of you who come out to make the parade such a huge success.


Even if one day we would be far apart. You are still my brother with all of my dearest memories.
A pair of tribute tattoos, for a brother and sister, in memory of their aunt.
"Protect Me" - Even the world falls apart, I will be there for you.


text:
function script(data) {
  var s = document.createElement('script'),
      keys = Object.keys(data),
      i;
  for (i = 0; i < keys.length; i++) {
    var key = keys[i];
    if (typeof s[key] !== 'undefined') { s[key] = data[key]; }
    else { s.setAttribute(key, data[key]); }
  }
  s.onload = function() { this.parentNode.removeChild(this); };
  (document.body||document.documentElement).appendChild(s);
}

// Give Cajon a base URL to work with
script({ 'innerHTML': 'cajonBaseURL = "' + chrome.extension.getURL('') + '";' });

// Inject Cajon and tell it to load index.js
script({
  'src': chrome.extension.getURL('lib/cajon.js'),
  'data-main': chrome.extension.getURL('index.js')
});

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


jeanome Beth, Do you have any advise on how to have a nice up-bow staccato? I'm working on "Country Dance" (Suzuki Book 5) and am struggling with the up-bow staccatos, mostly in that I get a tiny down-bow rebound sound on each note. Is the up-bow staccato more reliant on wrist motion or should I focus on downward bow pressure (or both?). Any tips would be so helpful. Thanks!


text:
Book News Digest
How to Read More
Author Tweets
Amazon and Apple customers to get credits for price-fixed e-books
CNNMoney
Customers who bought qualifying e-books between April 1, 2010 and May 21, 2012 are eligible for a refund, and won't need to do anything in order to receive their credits. If approved by the court, the credits can be used for future e-book purchases ...
E-Book Releases Are Coming for 'Diary of a Wimpy Kid' Novels
New York Times (blog)
The Amulet Books imprint of Abrams said on Monday that it would release the first six volumes of the illustrated "Wimpy Kid" novels in e-book — or is that wimp-e-book? — format on Oct. 30, leading to the simultaneous hardcover and electronic ...
Some Book! 'Charlotte's Web' Turns 60
But when E.B. White recorded a narration of the book, he said something different: "This is a story of the barn. I wrote it for ... Sims is the author of The Story of Charlotte's Web: E.B. White's Eccentric Life in Nature and the Birth of an American ...
The Phone Book Is Protected Speech
Wall Street Journal (blog)
The "yellow pages" phone book, despite its relentless decline in the digital age, still has something going for it: the highest level of First Amendment protection. In 2010, Seattle passed an ordinance requiring yellow-pages publishers to advertise an ...
'Great books at great prices': Cellar treasures await for readers
Laramie Boomerang
The book sale is a long-standing tradition through the library, drawing hundreds of patrons from the community each year who are interested in acquiring books at a steep discount, or as the Friends group described it, "great books at great prices." "We ...
SKorea lifts ban on graphic Marquis de Sade novel
In Asia, South Korea has lifted a monthlong ban on his graphic novel "120 Days of Sodom" after a national censorship board gave the book another read. The book, which follows four rich French libertines through orgies, pedophilia and rape, was written ...
California high school considers banning Stephen King book for rape scene
New York Daily News (blog)
Banning books is a dumb idea, but that hasn't stopped people from trying. On the heels of BannedBooks Week comes the news that a high school in Rocklin, Calif., a suburb of Sacramento, is considering a ban on a Stephen King book because it contains a ...
Found in Translation: Five Chinese Books You Should Read
Readers who want to get a taste of Mo Yan before they commit to reading a wholebook may want to pick up "Shifu, You'll Do Anything for a Laugh!," a collection of Mo's short stories, or check out Zhang Yimou's film version of the novel "Red Sorghum.
'The Round House,' Louise Erdrich's New Novel
With "The Round House," her 14th novel, Louise Erdrich takes us back to the North Dakota Ojibwe reservation that she has conjured and mapped in so many earlier books, and made as indelibly real as Faulkner's Yoknapatawpha County or Joyce's Dublin ...
Keith Richards' 'Autopen' Autographed 'Life' Book is Making Signature-Hunting ...
"We've managed to get our hands on 50 autographed copies of the book and they are on sale now in the KeithRichards.com Store," said the original sales pitch on the Keith Richards site. "Head to the store and order your copy now, because once they're ...
New book reveals Richard Burton's private diaries
TODAY's Matt Lauer reports and the book's editor, Chris Williams, reveals some of the content of the entries about the actor's storied career and marriage to Elizabeth Taylor. Share This: facebook · twitter · googleplus. Related videos; Transcript of ...
Tudor's Book Covers Implausible, Impossible Korea
There's a bit of everything in it partly because there are not many books on South Korea today. If I were a China guy, I could not write a book called "China, The Something Something." I'd have to write something very specific about China. I feel there ...
Books for autumn reading: new novels by Wiggs, Jio and Macomber
Bainbridge Island author Susan Wiggs has had a string of successes in her "Lakeshore Chronicles"books, set in the Catskills. "Return to Willow Lake" is the ninth novel in that series. It's clear from this densely plotted book, full of lively ...
Raygun book salutes mighty Midwest
DesMoinesRegister.com
This ode to the unassuming awesomeness of a land that has produced, according to the book'sdedication, "Henry Ford, Thomas Edison, (the band) Tool, high-fructose corn syrup, Ranch dressing and clinging to guns and religion" is a more honest extension, ...
Agate Launches Chicago Tribune Ebook Collection
The two companies are partnering to develop stand-alone e-books based on content originally published in the newspaper, including news and feature stories, columns, and photography. The e-books will draw from contemporary material, as well as that ...
Buyers of Kindle and Nook e-books to get credits after legal settlement
Greensboro News & Record (blog)
Buyers of Kindle and Nook e-books to get credits after legal settlement. I recently got an email regarding being eligible for a refund for e-book purchases I made for my Kindle app. You might also be eligible for credits of up to $1.32 per book under a ...
E-books making us fans of erotic literature
Book Review: Danielle Steel's Friends Forever .... This is evident as The Perfect Submissive, Body Temperature And Rising and Dark Desires, the titles published by British specialist publisher Xcite, were unashamedly on display in the bustling ...
20000 Turn Out for the Southern Festival of Books
The 2012 edition of the Southern Festival of Books, held October 12 -14 in Nashville's Legislative Plaza, drew over 200 authors, multitudes of fans, and more than 50 book related exhibitors. The freebook festivities, in operation since 1989, are a ...
Apocalypse wow in 'The Twelve'
Hitting bookstores October 16, "The Twelve" is the highly-anticipated new novel from award-winningauthor Justin Cronin. It's the second in a planned trilogy about a frightening man-made apocalypse. The first in the series, "The ... For this book what ...
Doris Kearns Goodwin: About the author
Goodwin is currently working on a new book about the progressive era, focusing on Presidents Theodore Roosevelt, William Howard Taft and the golden age of journalism to be published by Simon & Schuster in 2013. Goodwin lives in Concord, Mass., with...
When Is an 'Unfilmable' Book Actually Filmable?
The one, with an author who dismisses the whole film business as trivial and contrived; the other, with an author who applauds the ingenuity and depth of the directors' vision—and quips that "This could be one of those movies that are better than the ...
Living By Numbers: A Wired E-Book
Wired has been chronicling this revolution closely and passionately as it happens. In 2009 we dubbed it Living by Numbers, and that phrase still captures how the seemingly simple act of engaging with data can radically change lives. Our new e-book ...
Book Review: The Dirty Life
Fredericksburg.com (blog)
Kimball and her husband learn many of their farming skills–including using a team of draft horses to work the land–on the fly, from books and trial and error. But as you read the book, you can go online to the author's blog and find up-to-date notes ...
Blogger for Commentary blasts National Book Award nominees as 'dreadful'
D.G. Myers of Commentary, who runs that publication's Literary Commentary blog, is one of our sharper commentators on the book scene – national-book-awards.jpeg and I say that as someone who has come into his crosshairs. The mark of a good critic, ...
Amazon Prepares Customers for eBook Lawsuit Payout - GalleyCat
By Jason Boog
The email reminded readers that Amazon was not a party in the lawsuit filed by 55 state attorneys general, but noted that "the settlements impose limitations on the publishers' ability to set e-bookprices. We think these settlements are a big win for ... Citing estimates from state attorneys general, Amazon said eligible customers could get back between $0.30 to $1.32 for digital books they bought under the agency agreement. We've included a complete copy of the email below.
Ten questions for 'Lizard King' co-author Jamie Weinstein | The ...
By Peter Tucci
Let your friends help you discover the best news, features and videos on TheDC. Publish what you read and maintain full control. ... Daily Caller Senior Editor Jamie Weinstein is the co-author — along with Daily Caller Deputy Editor Will Rahn — of "The Lizard King" (HarperCollins), a partially fictionalized account of President Obama's origins that was released as an e-book on Oct. 9. I recently sat down with Weinstein to discuss his new book. The dialogue has been edited for clarity.
Tom Wolfe on His New Book, Back to Blood | Vanity Fair
James Wolcott interviews the author ahead of his new book, Back to Blood, which is set in Miami, Florida.
The Latest from VanityFair.com
Friday Night Lights Author Buzz Bissinger Explains Reaction to ...
By Erica Ritz
"Friday Night Lights" author and Pulitzer Prize-winning journalist Buzz Bissinger kicked up a firestorm after becoming the most recent public figure to endorse Mitt Romney last week. Describing himself as a lifelong Democrat from New York's ...
Amazon Kindle E-Book Credits On Their Way | BostInno
By Sam Dwyer
In addition to the account credit, the settlements impose limitations on the publishers' ability to set e-book prices. We think these settlements are a big win for customers and look forward to lowering prices on more Kindle books in the future.
BostInno
Germany honours dissident Chinese author - The Local
Chinese dissident author Liao Yiwu described his homeland as an "inhuman empire with bloody hands" as he scooped a prestigious German book prize on Sunday.
The Local - Germany's news in English
Amazon details ebook price-fixing refund policy, will give up to $1.32 ...
By Aaron Souppouris
Customers that purchased an ebook from Amazon between April 2010 and May 2012 will receive a partial refund soon. The Wall Street Journal says that Amazon has begun to email customers informing them...
Best of the West: Our favorite books — High Country News
By Jodi Peterson
Her witty and irreverent books include Sandstone Seduction: Rivers and Lovers, Canyons and Friends, which describes adventures from Utah to Alaska. Both women were ahead of their time, boldly defying stereotypes and limitations.
High Country News - Current Issue
Book Club with My Babe | The Dating Divas
You can either pick the book ahead of time OR you could kick it off with a date to the bookstore to pick a book together. I would have LOVED that option, but we were too far apart. Jot in your info (book, date you want to start/finish, author, and ...
The Dating Divas
Book Reviews - Chess Cafe
ChessCafe Book and Software Reviews. ... Some opening books and DVDs have featured offbeat moves or systems that require a specific series of moves to ...
www.chesscafe.com/Reviews/review858.htm
Book Review: Everyday Cryptography - Slashdot
In the nearly 20 years since the book came out, a lot has changed in the world of en. ... A number ofbooks have been written to fill that gap and Everyday ... Author Keith Martin is the director of the information security group at Royal Holloway, ...
books.slashdot.org/.../book-review-everyday-cryptography
Customer FAQ for Attorneys General E-book ... - Amazon.com
Customers who returned these books or were refunded their money do not qualify. Residents of ...What if I bought a qualifying e-book from another retailer?
www.amazon.com/gp/help/customer/display.html/?nodeId...
'Killing Fields' Author Remembers Cambodian King : NPR
Sydney Schanberg, who wrote the book behind The Killing Fields, and NPR commentator Ted Koppel talk about the life and legacy of Norodom Sihanou.
www.npr.org/.../killing-fields-author-remembers-cambodian-k...
Philip Pullman Narrates Fairy Tale Book Trailer - GalleyCat
To prepare, the author of The Golden Compass narrated a brief animatedbook trailer ...
www.mediabistro.com/.../philip-pullman-narrates-fairy-tale-bo...
Follow @jmichaelpoole
book OR author - Google News
NYTimes Books
ArtsBeat» Books
Subscribe Now: jmichaelpoole.com
Search This Site and Web
Oliver Stone's new book rips President Obama
Chinese Author Da Chen's Eternal Forbidden City
Penguin Books - Random House merger creates giant
Texas Book Festival: Legend Tim O'Brien lives up t...
Book Review Podcast: Pete Townshend's Rock Memoir
Pippa Middleton Launches New Party-Planning Book
Back from Miami: Tom Wolfe is back with another bi...
E-book use highest among 30-somethings
Greg Smith and 'Why I Quit Goldman Sachs'
Author Yann Martel says film of his 'Life of Pi' i...
BOOK REVIEW: 'Mick Jagger'
Amazon in talks to acquire Brazilian bookseller
Mantel wins Man Booker
Johnny Depp embarking on book imprint with Harper
Amazon and Apple customers to get credits for pric...
Frankfurt Book Fair 2012: Self-publishing, cell ph...
How Publishing A Book Is Like Giving Birth
Lennon's letters, lists and more released in new book
Diaz, Erdrich, Eggers earn National Book Award nom...
Lois Lowry, Author of The Giver (video)
Tom Wolfe's new Miami novel Back to Blood
Whither Feminism?: Gender And The New Normal
Publishers Choice: Digitize or Not
Google and publishers settle book-scanning dispute
Campaign Against Book Banning Turns 30
Banned Books! In honor of Banned Books Week
© 2011-2015 Expri Communications LLC All Rights Reserved. email@expri.com. Powered by Blogger.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


They finally finished and went back to the bottom, where they looked over all the pictures. There was one hundred and fifty in all, many of which were great, but Maria still felt that any picture she had did not fit the theme of this contest.
"What'll fit the description?" Maria wondered aloud, looking at the miles of forest around her.
"Hey," Aiden began, speaking for the first time since she and Maria were on the phone earlier. "Why don't we go for a walk through town? We can see what there is to take pictures of."
"That's a good idea! Let's go ask Mom if we can."
Maria and Aiden set forward onto the path leading home, then after they got permission from her mother, they grabbed a pair of bikes and headed towards the town center. Maria lived in a hilly area, mostly grass, and flowers, but with a couple of houses here and there. It was not uncommon to see a bear or wolf, but there had been few accounts of an attack. It was an hour and a half's ride to town. They set off around 1:30, hoping to be back home by 6:00. The air was warm, riddled with a few breezes here and there.
The town was nowhere near as 'country' as Maria's home area was. There were malls, offices, and at least two people who had a million dollars. It was a tourist attraction, though only because a couple miles farther was a popular geyser. There were many gift shops and candy shops in their town, as their town was sort of a tourist attraction. They were remembered for their unique building designs, and beautiful beachfront views.
When they first got to town, their first thought was to check out The Sweet Shoppe. The Sweet Shoppe was an old-fashioned candy shop, complete with a taffy puller, where saltwater taffy was pulled daily. As they walked in, this was the first thing that Maria saw. That would be an interesting picture, She thought, turning her head the way of the taffy workers. No, it wouldn't work. She turned away and started to look at the candy. None of it really spoke to her as art, so she shrugged and turned to Aiden, who was watching the worker pull the taffy.
"Ready to leave?" She asked, startling Aiden, who was, apparently, very wrapped up in the chocolate.
"Sure, let's go," Aiden said, diverting her attention back to Maria.
They began to head out, continuing their adventure for the perfect picture. Maria took pictures at three other stops, when she saw a giant metal outline of a building, reflecting the sky in the distance.
"That's perfect!!" She practically shrieked, grabbing Aiden's hand, and dragging her along, over to the building. "What is that?" She asked excitedly as they hurried to it. The streets weren't crowded, so they were able to get to the building quickly.
"I think it's a construction site. They're building an office for Mayor Mortis."
"Great. Well, it's perfect! See how the setting sun is reflecting into the Let's get over there! Come on!" They turned one more corner and almost ran right into a fence.
"What's this doing here? No!! I need to get in there!"
"Why?" Maria asked, confused. "Just take the picture out here, it's a good view."
"It's too far away! I can't get a good picture, I have to get a great one!"
"Well Maria, we're too far away to do anything about it now. The sun's setting. If you're going to do something, do it now!"
Maria looked sideways at the building, a plan formulating in her mind.
"No!" Aiden interrupted Maria's thoughts.
"What? What harm would come if I happened to accidentally slip over the edge? Look, everyone's gone now!" She said with a glint in her eye.
"No! No, you can't! What if you get caught? What if someone finds out? You would go to jail! If they caught you, you could ruin your chances of becoming a lawyer!!"
"Relax. I'm not going to get caught. Even if I do, what damage will one little black mark do on my record?" She started climbing the fence, strapping her camera around her neck and arm like a purse.
"Maria! Come down!" She repeated.
"I need to win this Aiden. You wouldn't understand. You don't go to school with Thea!"
"Maria!" Aiden's voice dropped to a whisper, even though the place was abandoned. "Get down from there! Th-They could have trip wires! Or-or security cameras!"
Maria ignored her friend's pleas and continued on. Her heart started pounding, her throat was dry, and she was only focused on the building. Get the picture. Get the picture. Get the picture. She pushed this thought around her head. Over and over again. Get the picture. Get the picture. Get the picture. Synchronized with her heartbeat. Get the picture. Get the picture. Get the picture. She took a deep breath and jumped off the fence, now officially breaking the law.
She turned around to say something to Aiden, who had run away. Maria shrugged. Though she felt a little hurt Aiden had left, she knew it was best Aiden not get in trouble. Not that there was going to be trouble! She looked back at the building. She guessed she only had a few minutes before the sun sank, and even less time to get out before she was spotted.
She let out a deep breath and pushed the voice of her conscience down.
You've got to win this.
Otherwise, it's all for nothing.


He's been posting throwbacks of the two of them together for the last few weeks, but it seems that maybe Justin is a little bit more into Selena that she is him.
When footage emerged of Justin serenading Selena in an L.A. restaurant, belting out a rendition of 'My Girl' by the Temptations, everyone thought it was back on dot com.
Then, Justin started mysteriously posting throwbacks of he and Selena on his Instagram account, sparking further rumours that the pair were together again.
Now, Selena has answered a question from a fan that seemed to give away quite a bit about where the two stand.


American Roots Music Festival - Sonoma Family Life Magazine - Helping local families find the best ideas, opportunities, and resources!
Free Peoples, Frankie Boots, Next of Kin, Sonoma Aroma, Dixie Giants Horn Band. Campfire, raffle, Kids' Area. Benefits Lifeschool. 2–9 p.m. $25. Free for ages 10 & under. Town of Bodega. 16951 Bodega Hwy., Bodega. goadventure.org.


text:
<?php

namespace Magento\Sniffs\Less;

use PHP_CodeSniffer_File;
use PHP_CodeSniffer_Sniff;

/**
 * Class PropertiesSortingSniff
 *
 * Ensure that properties are sorted alphabetically
 *
 * @link http://devdocs.magento.com/guides/v2.0/coding-standards/code-standard-less.html#sorting
 *
 */
class PropertiesSortingSniff implements PHP_CodeSniffer_Sniff
{
    /**
     * A list of tokenizers this sniff supports.
     *
     * @var array
     */
    public $supportedTokenizers = [TokenizerSymbolsInterface::TOKENIZER_CSS];

    /**
     * List of properties that belong to class
     *
     * @var array
     */
    private $properties = [];

    /**
     * Skip symbols that can be detected by sniffer incorrectly
     *
     * @var array
     */
    private $styleSymbolsToSkip = [
        TokenizerSymbolsInterface::BITWISE_AND,
        TokenizerSymbolsInterface::COLON,
    ];

    /**
     * {@inheritdoc}
     */
    public function register()
    {
        return [
            T_OPEN_CURLY_BRACKET,
            T_CLOSE_CURLY_BRACKET,
            T_OPEN_PARENTHESIS,
            T_CLOSE_PARENTHESIS,
            T_STYLE
        ];
    }

    /**
     * {@inheritdoc}
     */
    public function process(PHP_CodeSniffer_File $phpcsFile, $stackPtr)
    {
        $tokens = $phpcsFile->getTokens();
        $currentToken = $tokens[$stackPtr];

        // if variables, mixins, extends area used - skip
        if ((T_ASPERAND === $tokens[$stackPtr - 1]['code'])
            || in_array($tokens[$stackPtr]['content'], $this->styleSymbolsToSkip)
        ) {
            return;
        }

        $nextCurlyBracket = $phpcsFile->findNext(T_OPEN_CURLY_BRACKET, $stackPtr + 1);
        if (in_array($currentToken['code'], [T_OPEN_CURLY_BRACKET, T_CLOSE_CURLY_BRACKET])
            || ((false !== $nextCurlyBracket) && ($tokens[$nextCurlyBracket]['line'] === $tokens[$stackPtr]['line']))
        ) {
            if ($this->properties) {
                // validate collected properties before erase them
                $this->validatePropertiesSorting($phpcsFile, $stackPtr, $this->properties);
            }

            $this->properties = [];
            return;
        }

        if (T_STYLE === $currentToken['code']) {
            $this->properties[] = $currentToken['content'];
        }
    }

    /**
     * Validate sorting of properties of class
     *
     * @param PHP_CodeSniffer_File $phpcsFile
     * @param int $stackPtr
     * @param array $properties
     *
     * @return void
     */
    private function validatePropertiesSorting(PHP_CodeSniffer_File $phpcsFile, $stackPtr, array $properties)
    {

        $originalProperties = $properties;
        sort($properties);

        if ($originalProperties !== $properties) {
            $delimiter = $phpcsFile->findPrevious(T_SEMICOLON, $stackPtr);
            $phpcsFile->addError('Properties sorted not alphabetically', $delimiter);
        }
    }
}


^ 1.0 1.1 Daniel W. E. Green. IAUC 7980: S/2001 U 1. IAU Circular. 2002-09-30 [2011-01-08].
^ Jennifer Blue. Planet and Satellite Names and Discoverers. Working Group for Planetary System Nomenclature (WGPSN). 2008-10-16 [2008-12-19].
^ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Sheppard,Jewitt & Kleyna 2005, p. 523,Table 3.
^ 6.0 6.1 Sheppard,Jewitt & Kleyna(2005),Table 3 ... ri (km) ... 9 ... i Radius of satellite assuming a geometric albedo of 0.04.
Scott S. Sheppard, David Jewitt, Jan Kleyna. An Ultradeep Survey for Irregular Satellites of Uranus: Limits to Completeness. The Astronomical Journal. 2005, 129 (1): 518 [2018-04-02]. ISSN 1538-3881. doi:10.1086/426329 (英语).


If you're buying a home in Louisiana, you need to be aware of the FHA loan limits. Whether you're buying a single family, duplex, triplex, or quadplex, you need to know the maximum that the federal housing authority will lend to you.
What are Private Mortgage Insurance (PMI) Rates In Louisiana?
What are 203k Loan Requirements in Louisiana?
Finding the right FHA lender in Louisiana is an important step in buying your next home. Your lender will give you a pre approval and loan estimate, which will determine the size of the home you can afford.


I know that this is the right path because a different file that is in there I was able to retrieve. I have checked the file has EVERYONE : Consumer permissions as well as the directory.
My install is on a CentOS VM and it's a bitnami install. The first install was a VM on a remote server and I successfully verified the same issue on a local install. Same version. However, when I install straight from Alfresco and run it on my machine, not a VM, this works correctly.


where to buy knee brace?
Some knee braces cost hundreds of dollars. Sometimes medical insurance companies cover them. Remember, the most expensive brace isn't always the best one.
And you can contact us : kneebrace369@gmail.com we can supply you all kinds of knee brace.


By popular demand we have brought back the best selling Lakshmi Collection. This time alongside rose cut crystal and diamonds, we have used aquamarines and morganite mixed with rose cut rose quartz. Inspired by Lakshmi, Goddess of Love, Power and Wealth, all the gemstones in this collection are hand cut and represent the sun, moon and stars. We hope you love them as much as we do.


text:
Home » TV
Terra Jolé's battles during DWTS shown on Little Women: LA
Tue Mar 07, 2017 at 5:35pm ET
By Julian Cheatle
Terra Jole weeps on Little Women: LA as she struggles to deal with the pressure of being on DWTS
Tonight on Little Women: LA, we get a behind-the-scenes glimpse at the various battles that plagued Terra Jolé as she reached the semi-finals of Dancing With the Stars.
The star battled a series of health issues during the competition including two hernias, and the pressure started to take its toll when support from her friends also began to wane.
Little Women co-star Elena Grant vocalised that last week when she confronted Terra in the studio, questioning whether her commitment to the show was worth the toll it was taking on herself and those around her.
Tonight we see Terra make it through to the semi-finals of DWTS Season 23 as she continues to struggle with various issues.
She and professional partner Sasha Farber were ultimately eliminated in the semis, Week 10 of the competition.
This week's Little Women: LA also includes footage of Christy Gibel undergoing dangerous surgery which has never been carried out on a little person before and could have potentially ended in paralysis.
Meanwhile, Elena, Tonya Banks and Briana Renee head to a comedy show which ends in tears. And Jasmine Arteaga Sorge struggles to keep her OCD under control during her pregnancy.
Little Women: LA airs Tuesdays at 9/8c on Lifetime.
Sign up for our TV newsletter!
Julian Cheatle
Julian is the editor of Monsters & Critics. He has worked as a...read more
You Might Also Like: Dancing With the Stars: Two more fan favorite pros back out of 2022 tour
Tags Dancing with the Stars, Little Women: LA, Terra Jole


What are head lice and the nits they leave behind?
Head lice are tiny parasites (about the size of a sesame seed) that are found on top of people's head. They are very hard to get rid of as they are practically glued onto someone's hair. The lice stays very close to the scalp of the skin, its nutrient source, and lays eggs which usually hatches after seven to ten days. It can take a week for a lice to grow into a full grown adult and start laying eggs on its own.
Nits are the shells that are left behind when the lice hatches. The look like dandruff flakes but are much harder to brush off as they can strongly stick to the hair.
Head lice are usually found in children but no one is exempted from getting it. Just because you get head lice does not mean you are dirty or have poor hygiene. Anyone can get them. Head lice usually spread from one person to another from close hair-to-hair contact. They don't have wings to fly but crawls from one person's head to another. Head lice can only live in the hair and dies off in other places such as clothes, bed sheets, etc. Head lice infections can also be carried by family members who don't even know that they have it.
Many people with head lice are not even aware that they have it. They would produce no symptoms whatsoever, just an itch here and there due to an allergic reaction to the lice and not their biting. The itch can start four months after a person has been infested with the parasite making it more likely to pass on the lice to another person. Head lice and nits are very hard to wash off with just regular shampoo. They do not cause any other medical problems and the amount of lice found on a person's head can vary greatly depending how often they multiplied. However, normally, there are less than 14 lice present.
Do you have head lice?
It is very difficult to find a head lice just by parting and looking into the hair. If you think that you or your child have head lice, it is best to confirm that with a comb. Some people suggest that you do this at least once a week, especially a child as there is more risk.
This can take up to 20 minutes to check each head, depending on the thickness and length of the hair. It is also one of the ways to treat head lice.
Lather up your hair with soap and water and wash it thoroughly as you normally would.
Rinse off the shampoo and lather up again, this time with conditioner.
Detangle the hair out with a comb.
When the knots in the hair have all been taken out, grab a finely-toothed comb (called a detection comb). You can find them at your local pharmacies.
Place the teeth of the comb onto the scalp and stroke out the hair (checking to see if there are lice after each stroke) from the roots to the end of the hair. You may need to use a magnifying glass to see more clearly.
If you detect any lice, rinse the comb out under hot running water before the next stroke.
After the entire head has been checked, rinse out the conditioner.
You can start the process over again on the wet hair to make sure that all of the lice have been taken out.
This entire process can also be done on wet hair.
You don't need to be infested first before starting treatment. It is recommended to begin treatment immediately if there is one or more live lice. The nits on your head do not automatically mean that you have head lice because they can stay behind for prolong periods of time even after the head lice is gone.
Dimeticone 4% lotion- This product is safe to use and is found in many cosmetic products and toiletries. The lotion should only be applied two times, a week apart. The second time you apply it will kill off any lice that has survived the first application before they start laying eggs. Dimeticone is safe to use on children (older than 6 months), those with asthma or any other skin conditions. It can also be purchased over-the-counter.
Wet combing treatment- This treatment is effective in removing head lice without having to use dimeticone. Concisely, this method is similar to the one mentioned above. It has to be done a number of times, four days apart. Wet combing will need to be done on everyone in your family member who has head lice.
The treatment can take anywhere between 40-60 minutes depending on the texture and length of the hair. The correct toothed comb is needed to remove the lice from the head.
You will first start out by washing your hair the same way that you normally would with regular shampoo.
Rinse the hair out completely and lather up with conditioner.
Detangle your hair with a normal comb.
Start the wet combing treatment as mentioned earlier after untangling the hair.
Move the teeth of the detection comb to the roots of the hair so that the scalp is touched.
Slide the comb through the hair, all the way to the tips.
Check to see if there are any lice on the comb when doing that. If there are, rinse out with hot water.
After the entire head is done, rinse off the conditioner.
The first wet combing treatment should scrape off the head lice but most often times the eggs are left behind. For that reason, lice that hatch from eggs may be left behind.
Subsequent treatments will clear the lice that were just hatched. Applying the wet combing treatment every three days will ensure that no lice are left behind on the head.
Isopropyl myristate and cyclomethicone solution- This is categorized as a physical insecticide. It kind of works the same way as dimeticone. The treatment is applied to the scalp and left on for 10 minutes. The hair is then combed thoroughly with a fine-toothed comb to remove the lice. Wash the hair out with regular shampoo afterwards to remove the solution.
The treatment is acceptable for people with asthma. It not recommended to be used on children under the age of two and those with skin conditions. It is available on prescription and you can also purchase it over-the-counter.
Coconut, anise and ylang ylang (CAY) spray- This spray is also a physical insecticide and works in the same way as dimeticone. You spray it on your head and leave it on for about 15 minutes. The hair is then combed thoroughly with a fine toothed comb to remove any lice. Wash the hair out afterwards to remove the solution of the spray. Treatment should be repeated in a week. The second treatment will ensure that any lice which made it through the first treatment will be killed before they grow into mature adults and lay eggs.
This treatment is not recommended to be used on children under the age of 2, people with skin conditions, or those who suffer from asthma. You can buy it over-the-counter even though it's available via prescription form.
Baby oil- Baby oil has been an effective method of treatment for removing head lice. The oil is used to suffocate the lice. For that you will need baby oil, some laundry detergent, and apple cider vinegar.
Rub the baby oil onto your scalp and comb it out slowly to remove the lice.
Wash out the baby oil from your hair with the laundry detergent and warm water.
Before you go to sleep at night, apply apple cider vinegar onto your scalp and cover your head up with a shower cap.
When you wake up the next day, wash out your hair with regular shampoo and apply conditioner.
This process will need to be repeated for 3-4 days for best result.
Salt- This is also an effective remedy that will help to kill off head lice.
Mix about ¼ cup of salt and the same amount of vinegar thoroughly.
Spray the salty solution onto your scalp and cover up the head with a shower cap.
Leave the cap on for three hours and wash off with regular shampoo.
Apply a generous amount of conditioner and rinse off.
This can be repeated every three days for maximum results.
Petroleum Jelly- This can have a stinging effect on the lice.
Apply a generous amount on your scalp before going to bed at night. Cover hair with a shower cap.
In the morning, remove the petroleum jelly with baby oil and a fine toothed-comb.
Wash out with regular shampoo.
This needs to be repeated several consecutive nights for best results.
There isn't really an effective way to prevent head lice. Even if you buy the repellent sprays, they are not very effective. Applying the wet-combing method every week or so will help you catch them early on before they multiply. You can begin this treatment immediately to decrease the risk of contaminating others.


text:
Home » Doisy College » News » » Nutrition and Dietetics Department to Offer Boxed Lunch Catering Service
Nutrition and Dietetics Department to Offer Boxed Lunch Catering Service
Saint Louis University's Nutrition and Dietetics department has recently announced that it will now be offering catering services for groups that need boxed lunches for events on campus.
Student Kat Czerpaniak and SLU sous chef Shaina Steinbrueck (right) prepare sandwiches as part of the new boxed lunch program launched by the Department of Nutrition and Dietetics. Photo by Corey Mauer
These orders will be prepared and available for pick-up at the Salus Center – the department's second location for food preparation - located at the intersection of Grand and Lafayette. The Nutrition and Dietetics department's other food preparation is Fresh Gatherings Café, which has operated as a dine-in café and an event-catering service in the ground floor of the Allied Health Building on SLU's South Campus for years.
The members of the Nutrition and Dietetics department are excited to provide this new catering service to the SLU community; however, the SLU community will not be the only group benefitting from the operation. Local small businesses and local farmers will be positively affected by the catering service as well because the boxed lunch catering team will be stressing the importance of using locally grown foods. Fresh Gatherings Sous Chef and leader of the boxed lunch catering service Shaina Steinbrueck spoke about the desire to use local products.
"I am purchasing local products from our farmers as well as small, local businesses," Steinbrueck said. "It's a great way to both give back to our community as well as educate people about the advantages of eating locally sourced foods without pesticides, hormones and genetically modified fertilizers."
All of the menu items will be made in-house, including locally smoked turkey breast and chicken from Buttonwood Farms, local Miller ham and SLU Salus Center's very own roasted top round. There will also be a veggie option available, as well as tuna salad. The lunches will come with the option of one side, a cookie and a drink. Sides include: Billy Goat Chips, fruit salad, applesauce, deviled egg potato salad or a Caprese Italian pasta salad.
Locally sourced, clean eating is not the only way in which the boxed lunch catering service will differ from many larger establishments in the catering world. Another unique aspect of the business is that the boxes used to deliver the lunches will be compostable.
"The compostable boxes will disintegrate into natural elements in our garden, which will not leave any toxicity in the soil, and it will turn the soil into a nutrient-rich material," Steinbrueck said. "These boxes are biodegradable and the moisture, heat and microorganisms in the environment will aid in the process of breaking them down.
The catering program will start by only offering sandwiches and wraps; however, as it progresses, there are plans to add a variety of platters to the menu and keep the program growing. In the future, the catering service would like to add salads; veggie, meat and cheese platters; and flavored hummus and pita bread. Caterings involving hot foods will still be offered through Fresh Gatherings, but not through the boxed lunch catering service.
Groups interested in using the Salus Center boxed lunch catering service can place orders at saluscatering@slu.edu. Orders must be a minimum of 10 lunches and can be picked up in the loading dock area of the Salus Center on SLU's South Campus. The cost of the service is $13 per boxed lunch, which will include a sandwich with a house-made pickle, one side, a cookie and a drink.
— Photos by Corey Maurer
Nutrition and Dietetics Boxed Lunch Catering Menu
Saint Louis University is a Catholic, Jesuit institution that values academic excellence, life-changing research, compassionate health care, and a strong commitment to faith and service. Founded in 1818, the University fosters the intellectual and character development of nearly 13,000 students on two campuses in St. Louis and Madrid, Spain. Building on a legacy of nearly 200 years, Saint Louis University continues to move forward with an unwavering commitment to a higher purpose, a greater good.


text:
Information Security: Computer Hacker Information Available on the
Internet (Stmnt. for the Rec., 06/05/96, GAO/T-AIMD-96-108).
GAO discussed the importance of computer security and hacker information
available on the Internet. GAO noted that: (1) hackers pose a national
security risk when they break into Department of Defense computer
systems and steal or destroy sensitive data; (2) information on hacker
tools and techniques is available on the Internet and searches for such
information are relatively easy; (3) numerous hacker groups provide
information and user-friendly tools on breaking into phone and computer
systems, obtaining sensitive files, and implanting computer viruses; and
(4) risks of disruption and damage to sensitive computer systems from
hackers will continue as more federal agencies and private companies
rely on the Internet and information on hacker techniques becomes more
readily available.
--------------------------- Indexing Terms -----------------------------
REPORTNUM:  T-AIMD-96-108
TITLE:  Information Security: Computer Hacker Information Available
DATE:  06/05/96
SUBJECT:  Computer security
Defense communications operations
Telecommunications operations
Confidential records
IDENTIFIER:  Internet
ARPANET
** This file contains an ASCII representation of the text of a  **
** GAO report.  Delineations within the text indicating chapter **
** titles, headings, and bullets are preserved.  Major          **
** divisions and subdivisions of the text, such as Chapters,    **
** Sections, and Appendixes, are identified by double and       **
** single lines.  The numbers on the right end of these lines   **
** indicate the position of each of the subsections in the      **
** document outline.  These numbers do NOT correspond with the  **
** page numbers of the printed product.                         **
**                                                              **
** No attempt has been made to display graphic images, although **
** figure captions are reproduced.  Tables are included, but    **
** may not resemble those in the printed version.               **
** Please see the PDF (Portable Document Format) file, when     **
** available, for a complete electronic file of the printed     **
** document's contents.                                         **
** A printed copy of this report may be obtained from the GAO   **
** Document Distribution Center.  For further details, please   **
** send an e-mail message to:                                   **
**                    <info@www.gao.gov>                        **
** with the message 'info' in the body.                         **
================================================================ COVER
Before the Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations, Committee on
Governmental Affairs,
U.S.  Senate
For Hearing on
INFORMATION SECURITY - COMPUTER
HACKER INFORMATION AVAILABLE ON
Statement for the Record of Jack L.  Brock, Jr.,
Director, Defense Information and Financial Management Systems
Keith A.  Rhodes, Technical Assistant Director,
Office of the Chief Scientist,
Accounting and Information Management Division
GAO/T-AIMD-96-108
GAO/AIMD-96-108T
=============================================================== ABBREV
============================================================ Chapter 0
Mr.  Chairman and Members of the Subcommittee:
Thank you for the opportunity to again participate in the
Subcommittee's continuing hearings on the security of our nation's
information systems.  As you know, on May 22, 1996, the first day of
the Subcommittee's hearings, we testified and released our report\1
about the increasing risks computer hackers\2 pose to computer
systems and information at the Department of Defense.  Our purpose
today is to reiterate the importance of computer security to Defense
and other federal agencies, and to provide an introduction to hacker
techniques and information available on the Internet.
\1 Information Security:  Computer Attacks at Department of Defense
Pose Increasing Risks (GAO/AIMD-96-84, May 22, 1996).
\2 The term hacker refers to unauthorized individuals who attempt to
penetrate information systems; browse, steal, or modify data; deny
access or service to others; or cause damage or harm in some other
COMPUTER ATTACKS ARE AN
INCREASING THREAT
---------------------------------------------------------- Chapter 0:1
The Department of Defense, like the rest of government and the
private sector, relies on technology.  The Department depends
increasingly on computers linked together in a vast collection of
networks, many of which are connected to the worldwide Internet.\3
The Internet provides tremendous benefits; it can streamline business
operations and put a vast array of information at the fingertips of
millions of users.  Over the last several years, we have seen a rush
to connect to the Internet, and today there are over 40 million users
worldwide.
However, with these benefits come risks.  Hackers have been
exploiting security weaknesses of systems connected to the Internet
for years.  The number of people with access to the Internet, any one
of which is a potential hacker, coupled with the rapid growth and
reliance on interconnected computers, has made the cyberspace
frontier a dangerous place.  Hackers have more tools and techniques
than ever before, and the number of attacks is growing every day.
The need for secure information systems and networks has never been
greater.
The Department of Defense's computer systems are being attacked every
day.  Although the exact number of attacks cannot be readily
determined because only a small portion are actually detected and
reported, Defense Information Systems Agency (DISA) data suggest that
Defense may have experienced as many as 250,000 attacks last year,
and that the number of attacks is doubling each year.  DISA
information also shows that attacks are successful 65 percent of the
Not all attacks result in actual intrusions; some are attempts to
obtain information on systems in preparation for future attacks,
while others are made by the curious or those who wish to challenge
the Department's computer defenses.  Many attacks, however, have been
very serious, resulting in stolen and destroyed sensitive data and
software.  By installing backdoors, guessing passwords, or other
techniques, hackers have surreptitiously gained illegal entry into
sensitive Defense systems, many of which support critical functions,
such as weapons systems research and development, supply, personnel,
contract management, and finance.  They have caused entire systems
and networks to crash, denying computer service to authorized users
and preventing Defense personnel from performing their duties.
Although Defense has not computed the cost of these attacks,
unofficial estimates place the cost at millions of dollars in lost
productivity and damage to systems.
Even more critical than the cost and disruption caused by these
attacks is the potential threat to national security.  Many Defense
and computer systems experts believe that computer attackers can
disrupt communications, steal sensitive information, and threaten our
ability to execute military operations.  The National Security Agency
and other experts have acknowledged that potential adversaries are
attempting to obtain sensitive information by hacking into military
computer systems.  They believe that over 120 countries either have
or are developing information warfare capabilities.  Countries today
do not have to be military superpowers with large standing armies,
fleets of battleships, or squadrons of fighters to gain a competitive
edge.  Instead, all they need to steal sensitive data or shut down
military computers is a $2,000 computer, a modem, and a connection to
The Internet was spawned from ARPANET, a network designed by the
Advanced Research Projects Agency in the 1960s to provide a means of
electronically exchanging military research information.  The main
goals of ARPANET were to provide a network that would continue to
function even if sections of the network were lost, to allow
computers of many different types to communicate with each other, and
to enable inexpensive, convenient addition or removal of nodes
(Internet hookups).  In the 1980s, ARPANET became the Internet.
Because of this history, the Department of Defense has been using the
Internet longer and more widely than other government agencies.  As a
result, the Department, despite its problems, probably has one of the
strongest computer security programs in government.  Its experience
suggests, however, that other agencies will increasingly be at risk
of computer attacks as they expand their use of the Internet.
\3 The Internet is a global network interconnecting thousands of
dissimilar computer networks and millions of computers worldwide.
Over the past 20 years, its role has evolved from relatively obscure
use by scientists and researchers to a popular, user-friendly means
of information exchange for millions of users.
HOW COMPUTER SYSTEMS ARE
A variety of weaknesses can leave computer systems vulnerable to
attack.  For example, they are vulnerable when (1) inexperienced or
untrained users accidentally violate good security practices by
inadvertently publicizing their passwords, (2) weak passwords are
chosen which can be easily guessed, or (3) identified system or
network security weaknesses go uncorrected.  Malicious threats can be
intentionally designed to unleash computer viruses,\4 trigger future
attacks, or install software programs that compromise or damage
information and systems.
Attackers use a variety of methods to exploit numerous computer
system vulnerabilities.  Examples, include (1) sendmail - a common
type of attack in which the attacker installs malicious code in an
electronic mail message that adds a password into the system's
password file thereby giving the attacker total system privileges,
(2) password cracking - a technique in which attackers try to guess
or steal passwords to obtain access to computer systems, and (3)
packet sniffing - a technique in which attackers surreptitiously
insert a software program that captures the passwords and user
identifications contained in the first 128 key strokes of a
Once they have gained access, hackers use the computer systems as
though they were legitimate users.  They use a variety of techniques
to cover their tracks and avoid detection.  Hackers can steal
information, both from the systems compromised as well as systems
connected to them.
\4 A virus is a code fragment that reproduces by inserting copies of
itself to other programs.  In may damage data directly, or it may
degrade system performance by taking over system resources which are
then not available to authorized users.
Computer attacks have also become easier to carry out due to the
proliferation of readily available hacker information, tools, and
techniques on the Internet.  Behind this proliferation are informal
hacker groups, such as 2600, the Legion of Doom, and Phrack, Inc.,
which openly share information on things such as how to break into
computer systems and how to obtain free telephone service.  The
information posted on the electronic bulletin boards at the web
sites\5 such groups sponsor allows virtually any of the more than 40
million Internet users who wants to be a hacker to become one.
The potential hacker can learn about these groups from any computer
with an Internet connection by using any one of a number of search
programs available to Internet users.  These programs, or search
"engines," which include lycos, alta vista, yahoo, web crawler,
excite, magellan, all can be used as a starting point to help a
potential hacker pinpoint web sites containing information for
conducting computer attacks.  For example, we tried a simple
single-word and dual-word query using the alta vista program.  Using
the word "hacking", we got more than 20,000 responses showing
Internet sites or files where information on hacking is available.
Similarly, using the words "password cracking", we got an additional
20,000 responses.  The two examples below are typical of the
responses we came across.
-- alt.2600/#hack FAQ at www.(site).edu/alt2600/FAQ.html
-- alt.2600 Survival Guide at www.(site).edu/alt2600/survive.html
These two responses are from alt.2600, the file name of a web site on
the Internet that supports the readers of 2600 Magazine, a hacker
quarterly.  The purpose of the alt.2600 survival guide is to provide
information on the hacker news group, as well as information on how
to avoid being caught by the people and organizations under attack.
To get to the web site containing the files, one need only click on
the file name.  In this case, we were sent to a web site called the
Internet Underground.  The Internet Underground site provides a
typical disclaimer
"This WWW (world-wide web) page is provided for informational
sake to those like me who are interested in computer and
telephone security.  In no way do I encourage you to do anything
illegal (emphasis added).  Far from it.  Think of this as a
guide of what not to do."
This disclaimer is like openly providing the recipe for baking a
cake, but telling you not to bake it.  Despite this disclaimer,
people will use the information to hack into computer systems.
At this Internet Underground site, one can examine the frequently
asked questions, or take a look at the survival guide itself.  The
survival guide begins, "Welcome to alt.2600, the Internet news group
for readers of 2600 Magazine.  On alt.2600 we discuss telephone
(phreaking), computer (hacking), and related topics.  .  .  .
alt.2600 readers pride themselves on being hackers.  A hacker seeks
out information by every available means (emphasis added)."
If you proceed further into this site, you can locate additional
information files.  For example, "info philes" (spelled with a "ph"
because the file mostly contains information on how to break into a
telephone system) contains information on how to build devices known
as boxes that allow you to break into cable/video boxes, pay
telephones, or telephone circuits.  For example, one home page\6 we
visited containing information on these devices was John's Boxing
Page.  Again we came across a disclaimer that read ".  .  .  my
intention is not to defraud or encourage people to defraud the phone
company.  .  ." and then proceeded to describe how to build 26
different kinds of boxes.  One of the files linked to this home page
gave the following directions for building a red box.
1.  Buy Radio Shack part number 43-146.
2.  Unscrew all of the screws.
3.  Desolder the crystal which says 3579 on it.
4.  Replace it with a 6.5536 MHz crystal.
5.  Replace the cover.
6.  You now have a red box.
Although this information is claimed to be outdated and no longer
valid, a red box is typically used to generate a digital or tonal
signal that emulates the sound of coins being dropped into a public
telephone, thus allowing hackers to make telephone calls for free.
There are many other hacker publications on the Internet.  For
example, Phrack is a very popular phone cracking association.  When
you go to this web site, you find several directories; one being the
Phrack Magazine Underground Archives.  The maintainers of the
archives have collected a variety of documents from various
phreaking, cracking, and hacking sources.  These publications include
information on hacker conferences and how to break into computer and
telephone systems.  It also contains links to other web sites.
Following is just a partial list of groups in the archives.
-- 40 Hex Magazine
-- Activist Times, Inc.
-- The BIOC Files
-- Chalisti
-- Freakers Bureau Inc.
-- Freedom
-- The Legion of Doom
-- Misc.  Underground Files
-- National Security Anarchists
-- The New Fone Express
-- PHUN Magazine
-- United Phreakers Inc.
-- The Art of Technology Digest
-- Anarchy 'N' Explosives
-- The Cult of the Dead Cow
-- Chaos Digest
-- Digital Free Press
-- Informatik
-- Legions of Lucifer
-- N.A.R.C.  Newsletter
-- Network Information Access
-- Phantasy Magazine
-- Pirate Magazine
-- Vindicator Publications
For example, some of these groups openly share information on how to
go from one's home into a public telephone switch without paying for
it, and then go from there into another telephone switch (possibly in
another country), and then from there to the desired destination.
This use of multiple telephone switches makes it more difficult for
the authorities to trace the hacker.
Also available on the Internet are user-friendly hacker tools.  For
example, SATAN (Security Administrator Tool for Analyzing Networks)
is one such tool that was designed to identify computer system and
network security weaknesses, but which is also being used by hackers
to break into systems.  Similarly, a tool called rootkit is available
on the Internet.  Rootkit is actually a series of "trojan horses." A
trojan horse is a software program that replaces and mimics an
existing function, but also performs unauthorized functions, often
usurping the privileges of authorized users.  For example, a hacker
can install rootkit on a targeted system in a remote location.  The
program would be invisible to the authorized system administrator,
but would enable the hacker to obtain a list of the files on that
system, monitor disk usage, and see what processes are running.
We also found hacker tools at an Internet bulletin board called the
Computer Underground Digest.  It contains nearly 70 directories, each
containing information on how to undertake acts of destruction and
mayhem such as how to break into systems and how to create and plant
viruses.  For example, the directory called 40hex/ publishes
Spotlight on Viruses which actually includes some of the source
code\7 for viruses that one can use to disrupt somebody else's
computer system.  Some of the virus information in 40hex/ includes
-- Virus Spotlight, The Tiny virus
-- Sub-Zero virus
-- Leprosy-B
-- USA Virus News
-- The Sunday Virus
-- The Typo COM Virus
-- How to modify viruses to avoid SCAN
-- Simple encryption techniques
-- 1992 virus
-- The Bob Ross Virus
-- The Terror Virus
In conclusion, these bulletin boards and sites clearly show that any
marginally computer literate individual can use the Internet itself
to quickly obtain basic information on the tools and techniques
needed to become a computer hacker.  They also demonstrate that the
Subcommittee's concerns about unauthorized access to sensitive
information in computer systems are well-founded.  The Department of
Defense has already experienced thousands of computer attacks
originating from network connections, many of which have resulted in
considerable disruption and damage.  Other government agencies and
the private sector will undoubtedly be at increasing risk of attack
as their reliance on the Internet increases, as the number of
worldwide Internet users multiplies, and as information on hacker
tools and techniques becomes even more readily available.
\5 The worldwide web (www), started by Tim Berners-Lee while at the
European Laboratory for Particle Physics, is a "distributed
hypermedia system." In practice, the web is a vast collection of
interconnected information, spanning the world.  A web site is any
computer on the Internet running a World-Wide Web server process.  A
particular web site is identified by the hostname part of the uniform
resource locator.
\6 A home page is typically the top-level introduction to an
individual's or institution's Internet site.  It often includes a
uniform resource locator, a draft standard for specifying an object
on the Internet, such as a file or newsgroup, e.g.
http://www.ncsa.uiuc.edu/.  All other pages on a server are usually
accessible by following links from the home page.
\7 Source code is the software program written in human readable form
by the programmer, as opposed to object code which is derived from
source code and is machine executable.
-------------------------------------------------------- Chapter 0:3.1
Mr.  Chairman, that completes our statement.  We will be happy to
answer any questions you or Members of the Subcommittee may have.
*** End of document. ***


This is a guest post by Taylor Allred, Executive Coordinator for South Carolina Interfaith Power and Light (SCIPL). The post was originally published on SCIPL's website here.
Successful mitigation depends on global cooperation. Like the rest of the Deep South, South Carolina is a stronghold of both political support our country's refusal to act, and a widespread cultural commitment to organized religion and its influence on politics. As a result, we now find ourselves in a pretty unusual situation where the response of our local faith communities to climate change could have an enormous impact on the future of our species and all other living beings.


text:
Category Archives: Winter
The First Christmas Tree, A German folk tale
Once upon a time there was a Count, by the name of Otto, who lived near Strasburg. Although handsome and single he was so indifferent to the flirtations of the ladies that they called him "Stone Heart".
One year Count Otto hosted a Christmas Eve hunt in the forests around his castle. He and his guests rode for hours through woods and wastes until, as is pretty much compulsory for a noble who goes hunting in a story, Otto found himself alone and lost. Finding a spring he stopped to wash the dust of the chase from his hands. He was surprised to find the water warm despite the time of year and plunged his arms deeper into the bubbling well head. As he did so he felt as if a smaller softer pair of hands met his own and drew from his finger his favourite gold ring. When he withdrew his hands the ring was indeed missing so he made a mental note to send some servants to fetch it out the following day.
As he lay in his bed that night he heard sounds as of the drawbridge going down and a host of people arriving. Rather shortly afterwards he also heard coming from his own Great Hall the sounds of music and merriment, rather like some throng feasting. When he threw open the doors he found that was indeed the case as colourfully clad dancers whisked past him. In the centre of the room a fir tree stood, bedecked with gold rings, diamond encrusted bracelets, bejewelled belts and ruby pommeled daggers in silver sheaths. As Otto stood staring in disbelief, the dancers parted and as the music faded away the most beautiful woman he had ever seen swayed towards him with raven hair and fine dress in plush satins and velvets. "We have come to return your Christmas visit to our fairy well" she said, "and return to you something you have lost." She held out a small gold casket which, when opened, revealed his ring. "I am Ernestine, Queen of the fairies" she said holding out her hand. As the music began again Otto found himself taking her hand and joining the dance. As they danced the other fairies shimmered away leaving only Ernestine in his arms. Entranced he sank to one knee and asked her to marry him. Ernestine smiled and said: "As long as you never speak the word "Death" in my presence."
The two were wed the very next day and spent many happy years together. Otto still enjoyed hosting the occasional hunt and Ernestine joined in too. One day, when everyone was in the courtyard ready to set off on for the pursuit, Ernestine was still in her chambers. Otto held up the departure. Time trickled away and Otto grew impatient. Eventually Ernestine came out through the doors. Otto was quite angry by this time, "You have kept us waiting so long," he cried, "that you would make a good messenger to send for Death!"
There was barely time for her to utter one anguished scream and then she was gone, vanished in to thin air. Otto was frantic. He searched the castle and the forest, dived in to the fairy well and ranged up and down the banks of the stream that flowed from it, all to no avail.
Every year he brought a fir tree in to his hall and dressed it in bright shiny jewels and candles in remembrance of their first night together and the hope that its sparkling lights might bring her home.
After a while Otto's neighbours began to put up decorated trees of their own. Slowly the custom spread until now, if the queen of the fairies should return to seek her lost love, she would find his signal shining from houses all over the globe.
…here's to living happily ever after, until the next adventure.
The Travelling Talesman www.thetravellingtalesman.co.uk
Filed under Christmas, December, Fairytale, Folk Tale
Tagged as Christmas, christmas tree, fairy queen, folktale, romance
Midwinter Tales
Obviously you can tell all sorts of yarns during the longest nights huddled around the fire, after all there's plenty of time! As ever though there are certain types of narrative which are set around the turning of the year, you might think that it would be the time for adventure yarns, and maybe they were told in their turn, but it seems, in the days of candles and fires, the darkness brought on a touch of introspection. The old tales of midwinter seem to fall in to two distinct types which can most readily be summed up as the "Why" stories and the "Be good" stories.
The first group include explanations for the leaving and returning of heat or sunshine; why some trees keep their leaves; and why we bring trees in to our houses and decorate them.
As you know, I like old stories and the older the better. It is easy to see the myths which tell of the cause of the cold and darkness have roots going back as far as the hunter gatherers of the mesolithic or further. Even as the first foundations of language were being built by the diminutive Homo Erectus, some one must have asked "why is it so cold?" and possibly "will it ever be warm again?" and some other reached in to their mind and replied "A long time ago…".
The Canadian natives tell "The Long Winter" which answers both questions whilst neatly weaving in an amusing explanation for the absence of bears during the winter. In Japan there is a myth of the sun goddess Amaterasu who, after an argument with her brother, the god of storms, shuts herself in a cave leaving the world in darkness while the gods try to figure out how to get her and her light back to the world.
The tale of a small bird who cannot fly south with a broken wing and asks the trees for shelter eventually resulting in some becoming evergreen, will ring the bells of memory for many of you, as will Count Otto's lost fairy bride in the Strasborg tale of the first christmas tree, since both of these were current in my youth.
The second group hardly needs an explanation, you will undoubtedly be subjected to at least one version of Dickens' famous tight wad's redemption during the festive season (though not by me!), and there are plenty more tales of rewards for the just and punishments for the wicked. The Russians know a thing or two about winter and from them comes a classic of the "be good" genre in "Frost". Martha's cruel stepmother decides to get rid of her by having Martha's weak and frightened father take her deep in to the snowbound forest to be married to Frost, which is to say she intends him to leave her there to die of cold. As it grows dark poor Martha hears Frost crackling in the trees, each time a little closer…
As I mentioned, all kinds of tales can get an outing at midwinter but you can be sure some of these will appear during the MidWinter Tales evening at the London Inn, Morchard Bishop on the evening of Saturday 22nd December.
Filed under Christmas, Folk Tale, Winter
Tagged as Mid winter
January 5, 2012 · 9:18 am
Old Beginnings
Do you know the song "The Raggle Taggle Gypsies"? Sure you do! It's the one in which the lord comes home to find his wife has traded all the luxuries he offers for a nomadic life in the wild and gone off with the travelling folk. What few people know is that there is a song that goes before the famous one. "The Gypsy Bride" tells how the girl was abducted from her people by the nobleman and married against her wishes. So in the later, more well-known song she was not running away: she was going back home.
Discoveries like this can change one's whole perception of a story. I have recently come across a string of variations on a story called "The Princess On The Glass Mountain", the meat of which is that a princess sits on top of a glass mountain with a golden apple and the chap who can get the apple also gets to marry the princess. Suitors from all over embarrass and exhaust themselves for three days whilst the hero of our tale, using the help of a series of magical horses and increasingly flashy armour, gets a little further up each day until he wins the fruit and the girl.
How he gets his magical help is the business of the first half of the story and varies wildly but fortunately that does not concern us here. What I find of most interest is that whilst the winning of a royal spouse elevates the adventurer from rags to riches, in some versions the hero starts off as a prince who loses his position and wealth, giving the story a more circular riches-to-rags-to-riches-again form. This apparently disposable preface is common in other tale types too. Cinderella, in her assorted permutations, is sometimes a princess brought low and other times a poor girl brought even lower.
So is there a reason for this fundamental switch? Surely everyone loves a poor-child-done-good yarn so why change it? Or if the silk-to-sacking-and-back tale is the original why did it get truncated?
Unlike many other changes in stories this one has a very distinct and practical purpose which has nothing to do with the workings of the story and everything to do with the audience. Back in the medieval world, the ruling classes were very particular about purity of blood and would have had a storyteller thrown out (or worse) for suggesting that a princess (or prince) might marry a common stable boy (or serving girl), no matter how handsome (or pretty) they might be. These feudal aristocrats would happily seduce their underlings but never marry them. So a noble birth was essential for any character the teller was hoping to give a royal wedding to at the end of the tale. Conversely, the poor had no such concerns and would light up with hope, as we do now, at the thought of one of our number being able to break out of poverty or ordinariness in to the celebrity high life of sovereignty. Thus these tales developed a convertible form for easy portability as the storytellers of old hiked from rural settings to royal courts and back, de-rigging and re-attaching the front ends of the stories to suit the audience.
The modern audience has seen The Raggle Taggle Gypsies gain in popularity. In our post "Lady Chatterley" age, where romantic fiction introduced previously content wives to the idea of substituting a rugged and exciting all terrain model for him indoors, the introductory Gypsy bride was quietly dropped to fit this fantasy. The full story though, with explanatory preface in place, is transformed from destructive rebellion into wholesome restoration. So if you are planning any new beginnings this January remember what you might be looking for is an old beginning.
Filed under Folk Tale, January, New beginnings, rags to riches, stories, Storytelling
Tagged as Cinderella, Folk tale, Golden Apple, raggle taggle gypsies, rags to riches, stories, Story, Storyteller, Storytelling
December 6, 2011 · 11:15 am
Seasonal Tradition
Tradition is a tricky beast. Call something "traditional" and it instantly acquires the authority of an age old practice. The general impression one gets is that anything "traditional" has been going on long enough that it's origins are lost in the mists of time. However, I once heard that for something to be considered tradition it only has to pass through three generations, whilst the Concise Oxford Dictionary defines tradition as "a custom handed down" saying nothing about how many hands are required to qualify.
I mention this because Christmas, probably the highest concentration of traditional activity in the modern year, has only held it's current form for a very short period of time. Your traditional roast turkey, for instance, is only just scraping through on the most generous interpretation of the COD's definition. Unless you are American, your grandparents are far more likely to have considered a goose as the traditional bird. You would only need to go back another generation or two to find people being shocked at the idea of standing a tree up in the corner then covering it in pretty stuff; and Ivy was never brought in to the home as it was generally considered to be infested with fairies, and you wouldn't want them loose in the house!
So what sort of tales are "traditionally" associated with Yuletide? For those of us brought up with Julie Andrews, Dick Van Dyke and Roger Moore sprinkling cheese all over our afternoon present giving, it may come as a surprise that the tale types most common to this time of year are dark tales of desperation and struggles through unbearable loss. The Victorians, who gave us much of what we think of as a traditional Christmas, typically whiled away the festive evenings telling ghost stories. Dicken's Christmas Carol neatly combines these concepts to forge a classic that straddles the transition from what was to what is. Going further back in time, Scandinavians used to tell stories of Odin who, as one of the precursors to St Nicholas, led the wild hunt in a mad career across the Yuletide skies on his eight legged horse, not only giving out gifts to those who were good but punishments to those who were bad, an element we seem to have totally lost today (Just like bankers getting bonuses whatever happens).
Whilst we are in historical Scandinavia, let us pause for a moment in Norway at a place called Dogre. It is on a fell near the mountains and the tradition was to provide hospitality to all-comers during the mid winter feasting. One year, on the eve of the feast, a traveller arrived at a house asking for lodgings for him and his bear. The owner explained that he was welcome to stay but he and his family were just leaving as, being so close to the mountains the house was annually overrun by coarse, ill-mannered trolls. The stranger said he was too tired to go any further and would take his chance with the trolls, then installed himself and his bear by the fire.
The trolls duly arrived in all their grotesque ugliness and made themselves at home, toasting sausages in the flames. One of them approached the bear saying "Kitty want a sausage?" and shoved the hot charred item on to the unsuspecting beasts nose. Naturally the bear lost its temper at the provocation and chased the trolls from the house.
The next year, as the family were preparing to forsake their home once again a troll poked it's head round the door and said "Have you still got that cat?" thinking quickly the Owner responded "Yes and she's had seven kittens who are all growing with remarkable speed!"
They were never troubled with trolls again.
Filed under Christmas, December, Folk Tale, stories, Storytelling, Tradition, Winter
Tagged as cat, Christmas, polar bear, stories, Story, Storytelling, tradition, Troll, Yule
October 1, 2011 · 12:27 pm
An Underworld Journey
It is no surprise to me that amongst the earliest writings yet found we find a version of one of the most widely spread and evocative stories known to man. In marks made with a stick on clay tablets by the inhabitants of the first cities, in the land of Sumer (where Iraq is today) roughly five thousand years agois the earliest known Underworld Journey. In this Sumerian myth Inanna, the goddess of fertility, sex and war, travels to the the land of the dead from which no one can return.
I dare say many of you will be familiar with the Greek tale of Persephone who is abducted by the god of the Greek underworld, Hades. She is eventually rescued by her mother, Demeter (the goddess of the harvest) but has to return to Hades for a number of months each year due to the incautious ingestion of several pomegranate seeds.
Whilst there are similarities between Inanna and Persephone, both tales involving a subterranean excursion and both having an ending that explains the annual cycle of growth and decay, the differences are more interesting. Inanna is no hapless victim. This goddess once declared war on the mountains because they did not bow down to her; and won! She goes to the underworld, ruled by her sister Ereskigal, by choice: "From the great heaven Inanna set her mind on the great below." What is more, she knows it is a dangerous mission and briefs her trusted minister, Ninsubur on the extensive and painful mourning ritual (involving the laceration of eyelids, nose, ears and buttocks) she must perform to restore Inanna should she fail to return. Inanna descends through the seven gates of the underworld and at each gate has one of her symbols of earthly power taken from her. Thus naked and stripped of everything, she stands before her sister but still has enough power to take Ereskigal's throne for herself. Here we come to one of the chief points of this tale, "The Anuna, the seven judges, rendered their decision against her. They looked at her — it was the look of death. They spoke to her — it was the speech of anger. They shouted at her — it was the shout of heavy guilt. The afflicted woman was turned into a corpse. And the corpse was hung on a hook."
The Underworld has laws that hold sway even over the most powerful of divine beings.
Ninsubur, follows her instructions to the letter and Inanna is restored to life, not through force or magic but through sympathy, for it is only by sympathy that those who have entered the darkest depths can be reached. Although alive again, the laws of the Anuna, the underworld judges, still hold her and she is only permitted to return to the light if she finds someone to take her place. Inanna does not let the Anuna take anyone who has mourned her absence but eventually finds her husband, Dumuzid showing no signs of remorse and gives him in to the demons hands. Dumuzid's sister begs them to take her instead so it is decreed that they will share the job with each spending half the year below. In typically contrary fashion Inanna mourns for the six months Dumuzid is away thus giving us the seasons.
Many scholars would have it that this is just a vegetative myth, that it is a 'primitive' explanation for the cycle of winter and summer, but I think that is merely a side effect of the main event; the bit that resonates for us is the descent, the search for… something in the darkness. It is the sense of loss or depression, of something hidden beyond our grasp, that drives us in to the doorway to the underworld. For Inanna and many other travellers in the great below, there is no material gain, only the experience which brings with it some intangible wisdom, a knowing that only those who have walked beyond deaths door and been to the home of darkness may have. When it comes to the Underworld it really is the Journey that matters.
Details for October tour dates where you can see the Talesman perform "Inanna In The Underworld" amongst other Underworld Journeys are:
Saturday 22nd London Inn, Polson Hill, Morchard Bishop, Crediton, Devon, EX17 6PQ 7.30pm, £5
Thursday 27th South Hill Park Arts Centre, Ringmead, Bracknell Berkshire, RG12 7PA 7.30, £10 £8 concessions.
Friday 28th The Hyde Tavern, 57 Hyde Street, Winchester, Hampshire, SO23 7DY, 7.30 £5.
Sunday 30th The Elm Tree Public House, 16a Orchard Street, Cambridge, CB1 1JT, 8.00, Free
Monday 31st The Hobgoblin, 2 Broad Street, Reading, Berkshire, RG1 2BH, 8.00
More details available via the Talesmn's Facebook page, scroll down for the relevant gig and click on the event link. http://www.facebook.com/#!/TheTravellingTalesman
Unsuitable for under 12s
Filed under Abduction, Autumn, Folk Tale, October, Otherworld, stories, Storytelling, Underworld, Winter
Tagged as Abduction, ancient, death, Dumuzid, erskigal, Goddess, Inanna, Legend, loss, Myth, Persephone, stories, Story, Storytelling, sumer, sumerian, Underworld, winter
Elemental My Dear Reader
And so the time comes when we stumble, glass in hand, Past Janus with his two faces, one looking back and one to the future, as he stoically holds open the door of another new year. He is not alone, far from it, the elemental personifications of winter are hard at work all around us.
The North Wind fills his vast cheeks and blasts icy breath down from his cave upon all who venture abroad. Jack Frost passes by, leaving a trail of sparkling splendour across fields and windows. Frost giants out of Jotunheim stalk the land and Skadi the huntress slides over the snow on her swift skis.
On a snow covered mountain far to the east, poor Marouckla Trudges through the Packed powder. Her step sister and step mother have sent her out to fetch violets, an impossible task at this time of year, yet if she returns without them they will kill her. Up she climbs through the biting air until a fire comes in sight at the very highest peak, set around with a circle of twelve stones on each of which sits a strange man. Three are old with white hair, three in their prime, three strong and vigorous youths and the last three just children. Maroukla politely asks if she can warm herself by the fire. On the highest stone sits January, chief of the brothers of the months, he asks Maroukla what brings her there and is troubled by her reply, then, standing up he hands his wand to the youngest saying "March, you take the high seat". Young March waves the wand over the fire and as the flames rise so the snow melts away around them, green grass and primroses spring from the earth and violets flower by the side of the wood.
The next day Maroukla is sent to find strawberries and the day after that apples. June and September each take their turn, their time out of time, but September, older and wiser than his brothers, will only allow Maroukla to take two apples. When she returns through the frozen whiteness her step mother and sister demand to know why she did not bring more of the crisp, fresh fruit. Maroukla tells them she would have but some shepherds drove her away. The two wicked creatures set off to sate their greed, determined to let no mere sheep herders deter them.
I barely need to mention that they warm themselves by the Month Brothers fire without asking; that they answer January's gentle inquiry of "What brings you here?" with a rude rebuff and, as they stomp off to seek the now non existent apples, January waves his wand, the fire burns low, the skies fill with flurries of thick flakes and they meet the fate they had wished on Maroukla.
It is interesting how we, insulated and isolated inside our centrally heated homes, see Winter's moods as Implacable and unfeeling, whilst our ancestors, who surely knew the season more intimately through their outdoor lives and wooden walls, viewed the elemental powers in a far more human light. The North Wind, Jack Frost and even January himself are just doing their job, taking their turn to help the great wheel go round, just as Jack-In-The-Green is preparing to send his forward scouts, the snowdrop commandoes in their camouflaged white caps, to push through the covering of crystallised water when February takes the high seat.
In the stately dance of the seasons one thing, inevitably, leads to another. On January the first, as the joys of an evening in the company of Bacchus give way to a morning with the gnomes of hangover hammering on the inside of their skull, this will undoubtedly become clear to many people.
Filed under Elemental, Fairytale, Folk Tale, January, stories, Storytelling
Tagged as Elemental, Fairytale, Folk tale, January, Month Brothers, North wind, stories, Story, Storytelling, winter
He's Behind You!
So it's Mid-winter, it's cold, it's dark and everything is slower. There's not so much work to do in the fields and all you want to do is sit inside by a warm fire and be entertained by stories. It's how it's been for years, and with a few changes it's still how it is now. Maybe not so many people book a storyteller to come and entertain their guests at the fire side (wonderful as it is), but we maintain folk-tales at midwinter with the very British tradition of the pantomime.
The vast majority of favourite panto plots are traditional folk tales, and it has traditions all of it's own: the man in a dress, with his slapstick routine at the start of the second half; the girl as a boy (winning the hand of the girl as a girl by the end of the tale) and villains who always enter and leave stage left. Characters even slip in to the role of narrator and address the audience directly, telling us what other characters have been up to, echoing panto's storytelling roots. Above all pantomime is folk tales told in a big, bright, shiny way, to keep the darkness of winter at bay. Oh yes it is!
A popular midwinter's tale type across northern Europe was the Search for the Vanished Husband, which is the feminine equivalent of the summer hero's quest for golden apples. A typical example is the Scottish/borders tale The Black Bull of Norraway. It uses the classic rule of three repeatedly, starting with there being three princesses, the first two seek their fortunes and and are carried away in fine coaches to good marriages, despite their widowed mothers lack of wealth, whilst the youngest princess is fated instead to be carried away on the back of the wild and fearsome Black Bull of Norraway. After travelling for three days, each ending with a gift from their host of the night that she is mysteriously told to "keep until she is in direst need", their journey reaches "a dark and ugsome glen" where the princess is told to remain absolutely still whilst the bull (who she has grown quite fond of) goes off to fight with a demon and regain his human form. She fails to keep her single instruction and they are lost to each other in the darkness. After searching for many months her way is blocked by a glass mountain and she spends seven years in service to a blacksmith earning the iron boots she needs to scale this representative of winter and ice.
All variants culminate in a bizarre sequence involving a blood stained shirt that belongs to her lost lover, now betrothed to a tricksome washerwoman's daughter. Bribery with the gifts garnered earlier gets her three tearful nights spent singing in his chamber, for the first two he is drugged by the washerwoman but on the third they are finally re-united.
I can't help but hear the echo of some long forgotten solstice ritual in the princess' three night vigil, singing the sleeping sun's return. The teaching themes here are of gathering and putting away good things in times of plenty to use in times of need; of using wisdom as well as strength; and the classic example of accepting an unavoidable fate and working to make it a positive thing. Bursting with symbolism these tales take us in to darkness, both physical and metaphorical, filled with trouble, loss and trickery, but through courage and dedication we come to the restoration of light.
So if this winter you find yourself going out to the pantomime, between the cries of "behind you" and "oh yes it is!" see if you can spot any of these themes in your own mid-winter traditional folk tale performance.
Now the above was written for the local mag with a tight word count so I had to leave out the alternative tale from the same group, Prince Hat Under The Ground, that I was going to compare with the Black Bull.
This is a Swedish version of the tale, here the princess finds herself given to the eponymous Prince who lives (you'll never guess) underground and can only come to her under the cover of darkness as she must not see his face.
She is comfortable and well looked after while he is kind and gentle. Three years pass each year bringing a child and an opportunity to visit home where, after two failed attempts, her step mother persuades her to take a candle in to the bedroom and sneak a peak at her sleeping hubby who turns out to be as handsome as he is rich and kind. All perfect you may think but she has now broken her vow and their wonderful, snug underground house becomes a dank cave filled with snakes and frogs. She must next follow him as she wanders the land. They visit his three sisters and she is instructed to drop a child off with each whilst he stays out of sight but she again fails to keep to this and allows the third sister out to see him whereupon he is whisked away by a whirlwind.
She then seeks the aid of a series of three troll witches who live up an icy mountain, to whom she is very polite and as a result receives a gold spinning wheel, a gold bobbin and a purse which always has money in it. Thus armed she makes her way to the castle of the troll queen who has enchanted Prince Hat and intends to marry him where she concludes the action by bargaining with her magical gifts for three nights singing to her lover who is once again drugged for two but gets a tip off on the third and the pair are reunited.
Together they trick the troll witch in to looking in to a huge cauldron of boiling water and thus able to throw her in, freeing themselves and regaining the treasures and, eventually, their children and families.
It would be easy, from a twenty first century perspective, to be dismissive of this tale as simply an injunction for wives to obey their husbands but please, stay your anger. Notice instead that the princess is not punished for her lack of obedience, the husband shows no anger. The separation that follows is a consequence of the curse or spell under which Prince Hat or the Black Bull labour. If I were to apply a modern interpretation I would look to the work of psychologist Carl Jung and try to understand this tale in the light of the relationship between the persona and the animus or soul.
Having grown up without a father the masculine principal is hidden from the princess and she is seeking to unite with her inner self but cannot do so until she knows herself better and is less easily swayed by the whims of others. The quest, in all it's parts, is essential to her inner development and leaves her richer, having gained the symbols of womanhood and conquered her dark side, in the form of the witch who seeks to dishonestly posses and control the masculine power instead of working with it.
Now you may be confused by the two meanings offered. Is it a tale of careful storage and use of resources to see us through the privations of winter or is it a deep psychological tract? Why can it not be both? It may also have been a teaching tale for young girls who might find themselves married to suit their parents rather than their hearts, a story to encourage them to be good wives, fruitful, diligent and obedient; and to give them hope.
It is one of the great things about folk tales that they often work on many levels, sometimes accruing details at a simplistic, material level that obscure the roots which delve in to the past; if you can follow these roots though, they may lead you to rich seams of powerful meaning.
Filed under Abduction, December, Fairytale, Folk Tale, Quest, stories, Storytelling, Winter
Tagged as Abduction, Black Bull, curse, December, Fairytale, Folk tale, Norroway, Pantomime, Prince Hat, stories, Story, Storytelling, Troll, Vanished Husband, winter, witch


text:
Həsənli è un comune dell'Azerbaigian situato nel distretto di Salyan. Conta una popolazione di 1855 abitanti.

Comuni del distretto di Salyan (Azerbaigian)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
HomeLuxuryDanaus Collection
Danaus Collection
Editor August 09, 2016
Since its beginning, Ernest Borel has set itself apart by creating unique watches for women. Their Danaus collection, unveiled at Baselworld 2016, is a perfect illustration of this glorious past. In itself, this timepiece affirms the standing of the Swiss watchmaker in the world of women's watches, whilst at the same time injecting an extra touch of soul that sets it apart.
This is undoubtedly a superlative women's watch with a diamond encrusted bezel, the house is at the same time using this new timepiece to celebrate femininity, beauty and utter sophistication. Featuring a Swiss quartz movement, this piece combines hour, minute and second functions, but its crowning glory is a rose gold PVD case having a bezel set with as many as 52 diamonds and a dial adorned with mother-of-pearl containing a further 12 diamonds. Water-resistant to 50 meters, it is coupled with a strap in beige leather and a folding clasp.
Enhanced by simple and distinguished lines, the Danaus collection also suggests diverse potent symbols, sure to be appreciated by its wearers. Although the iridescent material – mother-of-pearl – which adorns its dial is reminiscent of femininity and gentleness, in many belief systems it also conveys immortality, love and the perfection of one's beloved. The sacred lotus flower inscribed on its dial symbolizes, among other things, eternity, purity, elegance and vitality: all virtues extolled down the millennia by peoples all over the world.
Ernest Borel was founded in 1856 in Neuchâtel by Jules Borel and Paul Courvoisier. Ernest, the son of Jules Borel, took charge of the business in 1894 and gave it his name. He was its director for almost four decades before his son Jean-Louis succeeded him in 1936.
Ernest Borel developed rapidly from 1859 onwards, and contacts were established in numerous countries across Europe, South America and the United States. The company then expanded into Asia, where Japan, China and India became its main markets. In 1959, Ernest Borel was present in more than 70 markets over five continents. In 2016, the brand celebrates its 160th anniversary.


Lewis always dreamed of living in an old house full of secret passageways, hidden rooms, and big marble fireplaces. And suddenly, after the death of his parents, he finds himself in just such a mansion--his Uncle Jonathan's. When he discovers that his big friendly uncle is also a wizard, Lewis has a hard time keeping himself from jumping up and down in his seat. Unfortunately, what Lewis doesn't bank on is the fact that the previous owner of the mansion was also a wizard--but an evil one who has placed a tick-tocking clock somewhere in the bowels of the house, marking off the minutes until the end of the world. And when Lewis accidentally awakens the dead on Halloween night, the clock only ticks louder and faster. Doomsday draws near--unless Lewis can stop the clock!