Today we're going to talk about an interesting case where Trademark is used as a weapon.
Let me introduce the company.
the makers of Pretzel Crisps.
You might ask, what is Pretzel Crisps and why do I care?
Well, you can see the packaging here.
You can see kind of what Pretzel Crisps is.
But let me introduce you to this product which is a snack food that I really enjoy.
This is a pretzel crisp.
it's extremely thin and you can't really see this from the packaging exactly.
But it's as thin as the thinnest of potato chips.
It almost vanishes as you turn it sideways.
crunchy snack like a potato chip.
Not at all unlike a potato chip.
potatoes but it's sort of like a potato chip.
Now, you might say, so what?
Well, this is a different product in another way.
zero fat of any kind.
it's about 60 to 70 percent fat.
It's a lot of fat.
baked chips are still close to 50 percent fat.
This one has zero. That is unusual.
it doesn't have much protein either but very, very low fat.
that is attractive, and that is hard to do.
Well, this is a family-owned business.
the process of making this super thin, crunchy, crispy product.
And so, they have a patent that gives them a monopoly on producing Pretzel Crisps.
a different method of making the same product and they can do that.
good and is equally low fat. But it's hard.
And so, Pretzel Crisps has at least an advantage in time in doing that.
And so, they've trademarked the name Pretzel Crisps.
This is where the lawsuit comes.
after the trademark has been issued and says, "No, you don't.
We don't want you to have that trademark."
What right does Frito have to object to Snack's Factory trademark?
Pretzel Crisps is too generic as a name and never should have been trademarked.
if they win this lawsuit?
Snack Factory from having the Pretzel Crisps name as a trademark.
they win nothing except taking something away from Snack Factory.
What does Snack Factory lose?
An important differentiation factor in marketing their product.
So, Snack Factory has to respond and they spend millions on litigation.
all they get is the right to stop Snack Factory from doing something.
they get the right to protect their brand stronger.
They fight for years and they're spending millions of dollars on this litigation.
looking at both sides and saying this is a real battle.
Pretzel Crisps is too generic as a name.
this is the company Pepsico that owns other brand names like Taco Bell.
You might ask, is that too generic?
with the name and successfully defended its trademarks.
Pretzel Crisps is more than just two words that are generic.
Pretzel Crisps is not just a generic pretzel that is crispy.
This is a Pretzel Crisp and this is our product.
And this is what consumers identify with.
And go away Frito and leave us alone.
That's what Pretzel Crisps was trying to say or the company, the Snack Factory.
And so, this is the lawsuit.
Now, Pretzel Crisps eventually loses this lawsuit.
That's bad. And they want to appeal but they've already lost a lot of money in lawsuits.
And why is Frito doing this to them?
Well, keep in mind Pretzel Crisps is one of the fastest growing snack foods in America.
Frito is one of the largest snack food companies in America.
cost something to Frito-Lay of lost revenue.
and less other brands because Pretzel Crisps was selling more.
lawyers is a million that Snack Factory does not have to spend on marketing.
we can slow down their growth and this is good for our bottom line.
drain their marketing budget and turn it into a legal budget.
So, Snack Factory is already suffering.
It's a family business that's under pressure because of the millions cost for litigation.
They've lost their first lawsuit.
pretzel crisp is a compound generic name.
And Snack Factory wants to appeal.
already drained their marketing budget too much.
going public and getting investors and it's not going to happen.
to give them money to grow the business and to fight the lawsuit on appeal.
to give up 50 percent of the company to raise that money. It helps them grow.
they grow a lot, they win the lawsuit on appeal.
So, the second lawsuit they won. They now have the name.
They have won. They lost in the first court.
They appeal to a higher court.
"You can use this name.
beyond the generic terms." So they have now won.
a large snack food company and competitor of Frito-Lay who says, "Yeah.
We'll buy this small business.
We'll buy this family-owned business."
for a large multiple on what the PE firm put in.
Because the PE firm invested after a losing lawsuit.
much higher growth in the company.
investing in brand is a strategy.
Lawsuits are part of a strategy.
You use lawsuits to defend your brands.
to harm new brands that might be harming your existing brands.
of the arsenal of weapons they use as part of their corporate strategy.
but it's a tool of strategy. Thank you.


Blue Hippopotamus is a three piece alternative rock dream-pop band. The vocals are lounge singer chanteuse style by Caitlin Jaene. Her voice is often compared to k.d. lang and Karen Carpenter. Caitlin is also the bassist of the band, trained classically on the upright bass. Chris Mercer creates an ocean of sound with his guitar and pedals taking the band into the shoe-gazer rock sound. Friends refer to his pedal collection as "pedal-topia". Everything dances on the beats made by drummers Rob Durham, Rich Breazzano, or John Mousseau depending on the show. Their sound has been described as Portishead and Garbage meets The Police, with a little Sigur Ros.
Blue Hippopotamus was started in 2005 by Caitlin Jaene and Rob Durham who played small clubs in NYC. Now based near Philadelphia, the band has traveled far playing clubs in LA, Chicago, Boston, Seattle, Portland, Detroit, Buffalo and North Carolina.
When Caitlin and Rob started the band they wanted to use the name of an animal with a big bottom like Caitlin's upright bass. When they learned about the ancient Egyptian blue hippopotamus artifact used to protect the dead on their way to the afterlife, they found their name. Caitlin became vegan soon after starting the band so now the name is also fitting because the hippopotamus is one of the fiercest vegans in the animal kingdom.
For the newest Blue Hippopotamus album, "Crazy Love", the band has collaborated with Caitlin's childhood friend, Laura Petersen, for a sensual visual experience of photos that match the mood of the intimate collection of songs. The CD contains a 16 page booklet featuring photos of Laura taken by the talented Nate Griffin (@laurapetersen_lp, www.NateGriffinPhoto.com). Caitlin and Laura have been close friends since elementary school in the 80s when they used to do talent shows together (yes, there is embarrassing video of this). As young as they can remember, Caitlin wanted to be a singer and Laura wanted to be a model. Now that they are both moms, they are making it a priority to remember that women can still be serious about their art during motherhood. They are two women supporting and encouraging each other's creativity. They do not need to be 20 or childless to be beautiful, express their sexuality and celebrate who they are.
Thank you for taking the time to check out the music of Blue Hippopotamus. Enjoy!


This natural born leader has just what it takes to advocate excellence, professionalism, and class.
It doesn't take long to realize when someone knows a great deal about many things. But in the case of Neal Angrisano, AIA, deputy director of facilities management for Johnson County Kansas in Olathe, KS, this impressive characteristic isn't expressed in an arrogant or patronizing way—it's a plain and simple fact. And best of all, Angrisano is more than happy to share his knowledge with anyone willing to listen. He is practically generous to a fault with his knowledge, experience, and vision.
Despite the impressive résumé and an approachable personality, Angrisano is much more reluctant to talk about himself. "Although others might think differently, I don't especially like talking about myself," he says. But when it comes to talking about facility management, he doesn't hold back.
And so began Angrisano's initial foray into FM. "After being in FM for a while, I found out I really liked that role. I was able to get a lot of good things accomplished from the other side of the table. But after about five years, I felt it was time to go back to [architecture] and apply this huge wealth of knowledge, so I returned to my old firm for about three years. Things were going very well, but I found myself missing that facilities role—particularly the ability to work within an organization to get things done, and to educate a constituency. As a professional, I found more success in actually getting these things accomplished for the good of the organization I worked for in the facilities role.
Angrisano rejoined the FM profession shortly afterward when the new position of deputy director was created and the opportunity to develop a strategic facilities master plan for Johnson County, Kansas arose. It was a true, strategic, organization-wide approach to assessing physical space needs, both existing and future for the County, and then producing options for how to meet them.
Once the plan was in place, Angrisano become an integral part of its execution, and it's this aspect—involvement in the whole continuum of FM at Johnson County—that inspires and motivates him, sometimes to a frenetic pace. He thrives in his current, diverse environment (the county government has more than 4,000 "outstanding" employees and 40 different departments), which functions like individual businesses with varied facilities needs.
While he can't "be involved in every aspect of his department's FM—or even the design and construction part" (his biggest complaint), Angrisano and his group spend most of their time on strategic planning, project development, delivery method definition, post occupancy, move management, and FM as it relates to furniture, moves, adds, and changes.
He confesses, "I have to step back, because we've got good people who can do these things as well or better than I could anyway. I'm not going to the job sites as often. I miss working day to day with various consultants and contractors. But my exclusion from this has more to do with the size and volume of work our organization has, not anything to do with FM. Plus, one of the most important parts of my job is to be a resource, mentor, and advocate for all our other great people doing the day to day 'real' work.
Another new facility, the County Communications Center (a highly mission critical and storm hardened facility) is due to open later this year. This building will provide an outstanding and environmentally sensitive workspace for staff in a critical and stressful 911 call center.
A focused and sustained effort of education with senior county management, elected county officials, the press, and the general public has had a huge impact on the success of the efforts of Angrisano and the organization. The first step involved the commissioning of a County Guide to Sustainability to outline the philosophic and strategic approach for future capital investment.
Keri Luly, Stewardship Coordinator, Allsteel, Inc.
Angela Nahikian, LEED® AP, Director, Global Environmental Strategy, Steelcase Inc.
With the ongoing education efforts and a few very successful projects completed Angrisano and his team are getting support for initiatives from the top down. Most recently, his department (along with the organization's Sustainable County Committee) successfully introduced the idea of moving towards carbon neutrality organization wide by 2030 for new and renovated construction along with 80% carbon reduction for fleets and other county operations.
To be responsible stewards of taxpayers' money.
To provide the best possible mandatory and discretionary services.
To build a "Community of Choice"—a place where people want to live and work.
To advance a positive environment that empowers employee innovation and productivity.
As a result of the efforts championed by Angrisano and his organization's other sustainability advocates, Johnson County has established itself in the Kansas City metro area and the state of Kansas as a leader in environmental issues, furthering the mission of public stewardship. And through economic and performance benchmarks, the county has seen that green development is an effective and efficient use of tax dollars.
The financial benefits of moving the county towards sustainable goals have been significant. In addition to a reduction in utility costs in the Sunset Drive Office Building (Angrisano estimates a 43% reduction in electricity and gas usage per square foot that translates to about an $80,000 to $100,000 annual savings), the new building should realize operational savings in the neighborhood of over $650,000 per year over time, due to lease cost reductions and its low maintenance and high quality, long life finishes and systems. "Clearly, Angrisano has improved operations and enhanced the bottom line through energy savings," says Judge Tom Condon, facility technologist with Chicago, IL-based System Development Integration.
"Higher quality systems are easier and more cost-effective to take care of and maintain over time, and yes, they do reduce utility bills. Thoughtfully chosen finishes that are more environmentally conscious have less costly maintenance issues associated with them," he explains.
Over $100 million of new capital development is in design or construction following a similar strategic green approach. For instance, in the Communications Center (for which Angrisano expects to earn LEED Silver in 2009), the team intends to improve upon the Sunset Drive experience, which Angrisano feels was a bit modest in terms of its goals, despite earning LEED Gold.
Among employees in the Sunset Drive office facility, the decision to adopt green design and operation policies has yielded impressive—and unexpected—results for Angrisano. The response from staff has been positive across the board, from a standpoint of employee engagement, retention, health issues, sick time taken, and recruitment.
"This is evidenced by our own facilities maintenance and custodial staff who know and appreciate the fact they are working under healthier conditions in a healthy environment," he says.
While the collateral benefits are difficult to measure, that hasn't stopped Angrisano from attempting to create a tangible yardstick. He's leading an effort with the University of Kansas School of Architecture to facilitate several doctoral research initiatives to attempt to define and quantify the beneficial effects the building is having on its occupants.
Achieving LEED Gold for the Sunset Drive building is just the first completed step in a multi-phase, lifetime commitment Angrisano has made to sustainable design. Along with that certification from the U.S. Green Building Council, Angrisano's efforts have been applauded by numerous professional, environmental, and municipal associations on several levels.
Indeed, facility professionals who attended the TFM Show last April in Chicago, IL responded with equal enthusiasm and accolades when hearing Angrisano speak about the Sunset Drive building in his presentation, "Achieving Environmental Stewardship In Sustainable Design." The session evoked positive comments from attendees, who said the session was "very helpful for a neophyte" to "best presentation by far." Across the board, he earned excellent marks for his knowledge, preparedness, and presentation of materials.
A good fit indeed for a facility executive who has many impressive goals in his future. In conjunction with achieving carbon neutrality for the county by 2030, Angrisano anticipates achieving LEED Platinum for two buildings that are in the planning stages. This will go hand in hand with the carbon reduction goals the organization has recently adopted.
There are many other unmentioned efforts headed by Angrisano, in addition to teaching, serving as AIA Kansas City president, speaking, and giving tours. How does one man do it all? The legacy of Neal Angrisano, TFM's 2008 Facility Executive of the Year, is clearly a testament to the very best in FM achievement.
This article was based on the nominee's entry submitted by Henning Bloech, TFM Green Building Advisory Board member and manager of environmental initiatives for Kennesaw, GA-based INVISTA's Commercial Division. It was supplemented by interviews with Angrisano.
Carpet: Lees. Flooring: Desco (terrazzo); Tate (access floors). Furniture: Herman Miller (systems/desks); Meridian and Knoll Calibre (storage); Haworth (seating); DIRTT (movable walls). Lighting: Williams (fixtures); Sylvania and Eiko (bulbs); Watt Stopper (controls).
Cleaning Products: Georgia Pacific (paper); Hilliard and Rochester Midland (chemicals). CAFM: Archibus. CAD: AutoCAD. Energy Management: Alerton. HVAC: Fulton (boilers); McQuay (chillers). IAQ: Alerton. Fire Alarms: Notifier. Roofing: Firestone TPO. Security: Hirsch.
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At least fifteen militants were killed and many others injured in air strikes in North Waziristan Agency on Monday night.
According to military sources' militants' hideouts were targeted on confirmed intelligence reports.
Militants killed had links with Peshawar Church' Qissa Khawani Bazar and Bannu attacks.


It is with great honour that we present new material from one of Russia's most enigmatic act, PHURPA. Lead by Alexey Tegin since 2003, PHURPA has gained wide recognition and praise for their truly unique performances and eerie rendering of the ritual chants of the pre-Buddhist BON tradition of Tibet. Their musical ensemble is solely based around ritual Tibetan instruments. The main traditional feature of such an ensemble is the mantra chanting, a unique overtone chanting called "rgyud-skad", or the Tantric voice, which is based on the principle of the singer's transmogrification during the so-called "chanting meditation".
PHURPA's rendering of this special use of the most primordial of instruments, the voice, is quite simply mesmerizing. Deep low tones and overtones, all tuned to a perfect pitch, carry one to unchartered realms. These chants are accentuated by the clattering of traditional drums, bells, gongs and various horns. Powerful, massive, penetrating and definitely unique are what PHURPA's organic aural meditations could be described as.
This new album is accompanied by a separate DVD of a live performance in Moscow. Giving the opportunity to witness their ritual magic in its intended form.
Edition of 500 copies in 6-panel sleeve.


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Home » ART of WNY to deliver "The Birth of Santa"
By BRo Guest Authors November 28, 2022 No Comments8 Mins Read
Author: Benjamin Joe
Do you ever feel like Christmas is for everybody else, and not for you? Maybe you wonder if this lack of oomph for the holidays is a part of getting old? That your feelings of being missing amongst the festivities is a sign of upcoming mortality.
But that's crazy, right? You're overreacting. Maybe it's just a bit too much egg nog for the night and tomorrow you'll have forgotten about it.
So, you decide to get out there and do your thing. Hugs to the grandkids, children, animals. Maybe some festive bells or bows? Anyway, it's Christmas!
And maybe that's it. Maybe you ghost the eye of the needle and everything is fine.
But for many of us there's something more to those initial feelings. Like maybe the so-called normal traditions of the season are only the same old misgivings getting rolled out each year and admired? Like something that occurs every time they are unfolded and left to hang in the freezing temperatures – regardless of the level of Christmas cheer one consumes. Something that says that this time of year isn't as jolly as it makes itself out to be.
A few Christmas's ago, I found myself alone when the big day came. I decided to see The Last Jedi in theaters. Then I tried to find a Chinese food restaurant that was open so I could buy chicken lo mein. My car was like the Millennium Falcon. I avoided all dangers from the Sith, but I never found the food and went home unfulfilled.
A couple years later the new Matrix movie came out and I was once again looking for that Christmas spirit. I spot polled people on the potential of making my movie and drive-about a holiday tradition. Finally, my soon-to-be fiancé, Rachel, and my adult son, Sage, said they'd brave the COVID stricken outside and watch a movie with me. This time I found an open Chinese take-out place, but they did not make lo mein.
Maybe all traditions do die.
Eventually.
So, while I look through movie listings, I think that even Santa Claus must have to pack it in occasionally and sit on the couch with a box full of Pringle cans and tell the elves hovering around him that he's sick of the same old, same old.
"I'd like to see something different this time around," he hollers, grabbing the Gingerbread man and taking a bite.
"What else do you got?"
Well, perhaps this will do the trick.
"The Birth of Santa" is opening at 7:30 p.m. Thursday, Dec. 1 at the American Repertory Theater of Western New York located at 545 Elmwood Ave. Subsequent shows will be presented on Dec. 2nd, 9th, 15th, 16th, 22nd and 23rd. 5 p.m. shows will occur on Dec. 3rd, 10th and 17th.
You can tell the old man that It's well-worth the ticket price.
The play is about an artist that found fame with a simple idea of what a baby Santa would look like and, wow. Faster than Donald Trump's hand on the Tweet button, the artist had to go and become famous with his now-famously painted canvas also-called, "The Birth of Santa."
So now there're expectations. What will he cook up for this Christmas holiday? Does he even want to? What more can be added to the idea that the holidays are special? And are they special in the same way every year? What about the Christmas blues? What about all those feelings that come in just as caroling starts piling from the eaves and you wonder if it's just you?
Am I the only one who's not happy?
In the classic formula for a holiday comedy, "The Birth of Santa" brings three visitors into the artist's tortured journey. The little drummer boy – all grown up! The ghost of Norman Rockwell. And the mysterious ghost of Christmas future, Mr. Commercialism and his art robot, Brutus.
The premise of the script? The Nazis won the war and secretly subverted the holiday spirit to worship the buying and selling of all our resources. Presidents proclaim the best way to fight terror is by shopping at the nearby mall and algorithms for spending habits are created by the best minds of our generation.
Well, not exactly.
Directed by Eric Mowery, "The Birth of Santa" was inspired by some of the first-time director's own artwork. Mowery was asked to allow the incorporation of his paintings into what would be a holiday-play, but what that play would be was at that point unknown.
Enter Justin Karcher, playwright and poet, hot off from his readings around town, devoid of any doubt on the topic of Josh Allen's arm and you start to see something materialize as it always does this time of year. Santa is getting off the couch and putting on his coat. It should be a full house tonight.
Andrew Zuccari plays the protagonist of the show – the Artist – besieged on all sides by his money-grubbing Scrooge of a Manager, David Wysocki, his worried Significant Other, Danielle Burning, and his own brand of painter's block. His newest holiday show is being blasted by the holiday joy hungry public and with cancel-culture, his name has become instant mud.
That guy who did "The Birth of Santa"? Oh yeah, he's come down with something. He's lost it. No Christmas from that guy again.
But like any holiday tale worth its salt, and to the benefit of our collective funny bone, there's a degree of magical intrigue in the air. The Artist's plight isn't just a failed career, but a genuine threat to his life. There are people who will kill to keep the public's wandering eye away from the man-behind-the-curtain, and without the Artist's cooperation, that feeling of "joy" that turns every American into a table of monetary expenditures is in danger of slipping.
And that's not an option, says the ghost of the machine.
However, neither is the hilarity ensuing from this genuinely funny, yet thoughtful, answer to and deconstruction of the holiday blues.
Turning tragedy into laughter, Karcher said in café interview that he wrote the script of the play over the course of a weekend, but the events leading up to writing "The Birth of Santa" had been building up since summer.
In a way, Karcher tried to wipe away pain in his own life through the penning of the script.
"It's been an interesting year," he said candidly. "My dad died. I got a divorce. My life, for all intents and purposes, just fell apart numerous times."
"So, during one of those manic break-outs, I wrote a lot of plays."
The cast, including Mowery, rallied around Karcher in his time of need.
"There is not a guy who looked out for me more than Justin Karcher," Zuccari said. "So, I'll always appreciate him for that."
Mowery noted that Karcher and himself have been friends for years.
"I've worked with Justin Karcher for – what is this? – the twentieth project?" Mowery said. "We always have a blast. I got really lucky, in that this guy (Karcher) cast a show expertly well. I am directing it, but they're doing all the work. I just fell into a really amazing cast."
One of the alleys the play brings the audience into is the role of the Significant Other. Burning's depiction of what is basically the story of Bob Cratchit's wife – a piece of the puzzle missing in the traditional play – is entrancing to watch and wins over the skepticism of the Scrooge-bah-humbug crowd that don't see anything new here.
"It's exhausting to date a creative person," Karcher said of that particular sub-plot which ultimately becomes the center of opposition to the Artist's own wheel of spokes turning towards calamity.
"It's not easy," Karcher continued. "I've dated creative people. I obviously am a creative person … For someone to willingly walk into that world? It's a lot that, that partner has got to handle."
The other characters also play well. Wysocki, Rick Lattimer who plays Norma Rockwell, and Ian Michalski, who plays the middle-aged drummer boy, round off the set with funny, but thought provoking renditions of the script.
Karcher said he had the idea for the little drummer boy before "The Birth of Santa" was even conceived.
"In all honesty, it's time for us to tell new Christmas stories," Karcher said. "It's time for us to represent different narratives. … What do the holidays really mean when you're constantly just seeing the same holiday shit over-and-over again? You don't have opportunity to really reflect on how joy is different. How joy changes. What does cheer mean?"
"Christmas is not the same for everybody," he concludes.
As for me, I still have not found the perfect movie for my holiday retreat. But I know there's good eating for the soul out there, solet's all chow down! Maybe the little drummer boy will play a new song and Tiny Tim will burst out laughing as he tries to get his line out.
"May the muse bless us," he'll say. "Every one!"
Lead image: (Left) Eric Mowery (director and cast as Mr. Commercialism) presents Brutus (Maryna Seufert) his art robot to the Significant Other (Danielle Burning) and the Manager (David Wysocki) on the ART of WNY stage during a rehearsal, as the City of Buffalo is nestled in a snow-induced recreation of what the covid pandemic was like during Christmas. (Photograph by Benjamin Joe)
2022 ART of WNY Benjamin Joe Buffalo NY Eric Mowery Justin Karcher Santa Claus The Birth of Santa
BRo Guest Authors
It's not unusual for authors to come and go. Guest authors range from collegiate interns to writers who will be contributing for a short stint of time. Guest authors might also have a series in mind. Authors are encouraged to submit their ideas to BRO (Buffalo Rising Online), upon which time we will work with the writer towards a productive end.
2022 Last Minute Panic - Holiday Marketplace @ WNYBAC
Buffalo is the land of holiday marketplaces. This...Read More

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Immediately take cover under tables, desks or anything that will give protection from falling glass/debris.
After the effects of the incident have subsided, call 911. Give your name and describe the location and nature of an emergency.
Notify emergency personnel of persons with disabilities who are in the building and are not able to evacuate.
Do not return to area, pick up any debris or light a match or smoke.


text:
IJLTR Reviews
Ethical Guidlines
Currnet Issuse
Abstracting / Indexing
Iranian Journal of Language Teaching Research
Publication Frequency: Twice a year
Publisher: Urmia University Press
Periodical Type: Academic, scholarly
Review Policy: Double blind review
Access: Open Access; Free of charge
Publication/Processing Fee: None
MSRT License Date and Number:
1396/03/13 - 52013/18/3
(IJLTR) was launched with the intention to make quality research output available for scholars in the field of language education. IJLTR is an open access academic, scholarly peer-reviewed journal and follows a double blind review policy. The Journal is scheduled for publication semiannually, in January and July, with the first issue to appear in January 2013. The journal team (and in particular the advisory board) is made of internationally renowned scholars in the field of Applied Linguistics and L2 education. As such, both our contributors and readers come from across the world.
Aims and Scope:
The main focus of the Journal is on research done on language learning and teaching. We are in particular interested in research papers on L2 education (in particular EFL/ESL), in public and private contexts, in natural and classroom settings as well as in a variety of levels including school level, university level, institute level, etc. The Journal welcomes papers on teaching and learning any component of language, including skills and sub-skills, as well as teaching/learning translation, literature, etc. Research on the use of new technologies such as CALL and MALL for teaching/learning languages is also considered appropriate for this Journal.
Although the focus is primarily on research on language education, we will also consider papers in other areas of applied linguistics such as language testing as far as they have clear implications for language teaching/learning. Reviews of literature are not acceptable for this Journal; however, status papers by experts in the field are called for as long as explicit implications are drawn in favour of language teaching and learning. Reviews of recently published books on language education are also accepted for publication. Contributors are advised to consult the Journal office before doing/sending a book review.
The Journal calls for unpublished original manuscripts to be considered for publication. The papers submitted to the Journal should not have already been published elsewhere except circulated as conference presentations, nor should they be submitted simultaneously to another journal. For author instructions and how to submit, select submission guidelines from the menu at the top or click here.
Potential book review contributors (with the experience of reviewing books for other journals) are advised to consult the list of books recently published by Cambridge University Press and Routledge at the following addresses and inform the Journal editor (ijltreditor@gmail.com) of the title they would like to review. Arrangements will then be made for the publisher to send a review copy to the reviewer's address.
Books available at CUP: www.cambridge.org/elt
Books available at Routledge: www.routledge.com/linguistics
IJLTR has moved to a new journal management system at its new website: ijltr.urmia.ac.ir. Previous issues of the journal (January 2013 - July 2017) are accessible both in this and the new websites. New issues (as of October 2017) will only be available at the new website.
NOTE: IJLTR no longer accepts email submissions. Online submissions can be made by registering at the new website.
IJLTR Office
English Language Department
Faculty of Humanities, Urmia University, Urmia 165, IRAN
TELEFAX: +98 443 338 4537
e-mail: ijltreditor@gmail.com
Journal application made to Ministry of Culture: 14 February 2011
Journal license issued: 24 July 2012
Journal website launched: 1 September 2012
First issue planned for: January 2013
First issue published online: 25 December 2012
Journal accepted for indexing in SCOPUS: 27 October 2015
Language Teaching Research
Studies in Second Language Acquisition
The Modern Language Journal
RELC Journal
Second Language Research
TESOL Quarterly
TIRF The International Research Foundation forEnglish Education
IATEFLInternational Associataion of Teaching English as a Foreign Language
AILA International Association of Applied Linguistics
TESOL Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages
This journal is a member of
(Committee on Publication Ethics)
2016 CiteScore=0.80
2016 SJR=0.24
SPECIAL ISSUES: CALL FOR PAPERS
IJLTR is planning to publish one Special Issue each year beginning with 2016 (in addition to two regular issues which appear on the 1st of January and July every year). Special Issues are theme-based and guest-edited by leading figures in the field. The Call for Papers for the following Special Issues is now open.
______________
2016 Special Issue:
Guest editor: Jack C. Richards, PhD (University of Sydney)
Theme: Teacher Education
Sub-themes:
teacher training, teacher development, professional development, multicultural perspectives on teacher education and any aspect of teacher education
Deadline for paper submission: 1 May 2016
2017 Special Issue:
Guest editor: John I. Liontas, PhD (University of South Florida)
Theme: Idiomaticity and Language Teaching Research
attainment of native-like idiomatic competence in ESL/EFL
applications of new media and multimedia technologies for idiomatic learning
linguistic, pragmatic, or techno-pedagogical concerns in developing idiomatic competence
teacher training and professional development, materials and curriculum development, assessment
issues as related to developing idiomaticity
Extended deadline for paper submission: 1 May 2017
__________________
Guest editor: Dan Douglas, PhD (Iowa State University)
Theme: Assessment for Teaching
Sub-themes:
Assessment for Learning (AfL)
Learning Oriented Language Assessment (LOLA)
Alternatives in Assessment (AA)
Language Assessment Literacy (LAT)
Testers' Professional Development (TPD)
and any practical aspect of language assessment
Deadline for paper submission: 1 March 2018
Guest editor: Sandra Lee McKay, PhD (San Francisco State University)
Theme: Teaching English as an International Language
Assessing proficiency in EIL
Standards in EIL
Intercultural competence and EIL
The use of digital media in EIL teaching/learning
Lexical innovation in EIL
Teaching the four skills in EIL
Monolingual and bilingual EIL teachers
Differentiating WE, ELF and EIL
Pragmatics and EIL
The historical development of EIL
_____________________
Guest editors: Zia Tajeddin, PhD (Allameh Tabataba'I University) & Minoo Alemi, PhD (Sharif University of Technology)
Theme: Discourse in Second Language Classroom Context
Politeness and Impoliteness inTeacher and Learner Talk
Teachers' and Learners' Discoursal Identity
Teachers' Discoursal Strategies for Learner Participation and Engagement
Discourse of Resistance in Teacher and Learner Talk
Discourse of Power and Agency in Teacher Talk
Gendered Discourse in the Classroom Context
Teachers' and Learners' Use of Speech Acts
Discourse of Humor in Classroom Context
Discourse of Turn Construction in Classroom Context
Deadline for paper submission: 1 March 2020
Research-based papers can be submitted on the main theme and sub-themes of each Special Issue by
the deadlines provided above. Potential contributors are invited to send their manuscripts to IJLTR editor (ijltreditor@gmail.com) following guidelines for submission available at the journal website.
Submissions should be in the form of email attachments, with the following phrase as the subject of the email: Submission for 2016/ 2017 /2018/ 2019/2020 Special Issue on Teacher Education/ Idiomaticity/Assessment/EIL/ Classroom Discourse.


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Cormack ist der Familienname folgender Personen:

 Allan McLeod Cormack (1924–1998), südafrikanisch-US-amerikanischer Physiker und Nobelpreisträger für Medizin 1979
 Danielle Cormack (* 1970), neuseeländische Schauspielerin
 Donna Cormack-Thomson, südafrikanische Theater- und Filmschauspielerin sowie Synchronsprecherin
 John Dewar Cormack, (1870–1935), schottischer Ingenieur und Hochschullehrer
 Patrick Cormack, Baron Cormack (* 1939), britischer Politiker der Conservative Party
 Peter Cormack (* 1946), schottischer Fußballspieler
 Robin Cormack (* 1938), britischer Kunsthistoriker und Byzantinist

Cormack bezeichnet einen Ort in Kanada:
 Cormack (Newfoundland and Labrador)

Siehe auch:
 Klassifikation nach Cormack und Lehane
 Cormac
 McCormack
 M'Cormack

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


We like to make fun of Las Vegas for its indulgence and over-the-top nightlife. But the fact of the matter is, Sin City seemed more real to me this year than the very reason I was there in the first place: to cover the Consumer Electronics Show.
Sounds like I had one too many watered-down gin and tonics, right? Well, let me explain.
I'll start with CES. Was the show well organized? Yes. Did it have its entertaining moments? It did. Was I treated well as Press? Absolutely.
But after attending numerous media events and exploring North, Central, and South Halls, CES reminded me of cable television - all those channels with nothing to watch. If I were in the market for a new car, or in the mood to cobble together a smart home, I might feel differently. And in the past, I have. There were years when I loved CES.
But this wasn't one of them.
I feel like we've reach a plateau where it's technology for technology's sake. Look at any of the best product lists for CES 2017. Is there anything there you need to have? And that's the good stuff. There were miles of items that paled in comparison.
I did see some well-engineered upgrades and refinements to existing products. The Blue Ella Headphones, Panasonic GH5, Kingston DataTraveler Ultimate GT, and the Nikon D5600 DSLR all appear to be excellent improvements over the models they replace. Plus, Kodak promised to bring back Ektachrome and Technics announced the Grand Class SL-1200GR audio turntable. Very nice.
But it wasn't until I left those halls that life became truly interesting. I had great meetings with old friends. I talked to Lyft drivers about their life aspirations. And I photographed residents and visitors alike as they immersed themselves in the Las Vegas vibe. These encounters are what made the journey worth my time.
For the moment, I have enough electronics to get my work done. I'd rather spend the rest of my time with humans... even the crazy ones wandering up and down Las Vegas Boulevard on a brisk winter night.


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Ayrshire Children's Services CIC (ACS) is an innovative Social Enterprise based in Saltcoats in North Ayrshire, established in 2011 and registered as a Community Interest Company (CIC) in August 2012.
ACS provides vital support for children and young people aged 3 – 18 with addition support needs (ASN), together with valued respite for their families.
Since their inception over 5 years ago, ACS has grown from strength to strength and provides a 'One 2 One' Support Service which incorporates home support. These services offer 'Fun through Play' enabling Children & Young People with ASN to sample new activities and make natural friendships.
By 2015 ACS moved into office in Saltcoats main town We were up and rolling as a service to support families who were in receipt of SDS. ACS now support 35 families with over 450 hrs of support per mth. We were still a relatively small team.
As the first social enterprise childcare support service in North Ayrshire we were starting to be noticed for our different approach to family support.
2016 was a year of change for ACS we were growing and become an embedded service within North Ayrshire we were now supporting families with over 560 hrs of support a mth. Our feedback from families was very positive and our reputation of constancy, honesty and good practice was being championed by the families we were working with. Our team was growing and we employed an office manager and team leader. We gained recognition from 'Investing in young people' and we started to work with school to open up work experience placements for young adult ASN pupils
The idea to create a flexible support centre started a few years back. However in 2017 ACS began to build the idea in reality. This was when our idea for KO-NEKT started to come to life. By the end of 2017 we found premises and started to renovate. All hands to the Deck with late nights and early mornings to get ready for our opening week in March 2018.


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Katarzyna Anna de Lazari-Radek (ur. 7 sierpnia 1975) –  polska filozofka i etyczka, absolwentka Filologii Angielskiej i Filozofii na Uniwersytecie Łódzkim, adiunkt Instytutu Filozofii Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego.

Prelegentka seminarium letniego etyki utylitarystycznej w European Graduate School i doktoranckiego seminarium wiosennego w Dutch Research School of Philosophy. Najbardziej znana przez swój wkład w filozofię utylitarystyczną we współpracy z australijskim filozofem Peterem Singerem.

Współpracując z Singerem w latach 2012, 2014 i 2016, postanowiła wyjaśnić i bronić pojęcia utylitaryzmu oraz zaproponować rozwiązanie "najgłębszego problemu etyki" postawionego w XIX wieku przez brytyjskiego filozofa Henry'ego Sidgwicka: pozornej racjonalności zarówno egoizmu etycznego jak i utylitaryzmu. De Lazari-Radek i Singer użyli argumentu ewolucyjnego, aby odrzucić egoizm, ale pozostawiając utylitaryzm. W tomie 3 książki On what matters, Oksfordzki filozof Derek Parfit (1942–2017) wyraził pogląd, że ich argument przeciwko racjonalności egoizmu miał "pewną siłę", chociaż, jak przyznają sami Lazari-Radek i Singer, nie jest on "rozstrzygający".

Utylitaryzm
W recenzji książki de Lazari-Radek i Singera, The Point of View of the Universe: Sidgwick and Contemporary Ethics (2014), filozof Bart Schultz, dyrektor Civic Knowledge Project na Uniwersytecie Chicagowskim, opisuje de Lazari-Radek jako "wschodzącą gwiazdę (…) utylitaryzmu filozoficznego", stwierdzając, że ich "książka może równie dobrze reprezentować najbardziej znaczące oświadczenie i obronę utylitaryzmu od XIX wieku, czasu klasycznych utylitarystów Benthama, Milla i Sidgwicka."

De Lazari-Radek czerpie również ze współczesnych myślicieli, takich jak Parfit, który sklasyfikował pogląd jej i Singera, że mamy najwięcej powodów, aby robić to, co byłoby bezstronnie najlepsze, jako formę "racjonalnej bezstronności".

W lipcu 2017 roku ukazała się druga wspólna książka de Lazari-Radek i Singera Utilitarianism: A Very Short Introduction, o której Jeff McMahan, profesor filozofii moralnej na Uniwersytecie Oksfordzkim, powiedział: "Napisana z charakterystyczną jasnością przez uznanych spadkobierców twórców utylitaryzmu, dyskusja autorytatywna, życzliwa, ale nie bezkrytyczna i niezwykle wszechstronna – jednym słowem, idealna".

Hedonizm
De Lazari-Radek wyjaśnia swoje normatywne stanowisko jako utylitarystyczny hedonizm. Podczas współpracy nad The Point of View of the Universe przekonała Singera do porzucenia utylitaryzmu preferencji na rzecz hedonizmu. W dwóch kolejnych książkach o dobrym samopoczuciu i przyjemności dokładniej bada tę kwestię.

Działalność polityczna
W  wyborach do parlamentu europejskiego w 2019 startowała z list komitetu Wiosny z okręgu 6 (województwo łódzkie) (lista nr 2, miejsce 6). Zdobyła 2165 głosów, nie uzyskując mandatu.

Życie prywatne
De Lazari-Radek mieszka i pracuje w Łodzi. Jest mężatką i ma dwoje dzieci. Jest zapaloną biegaczką i ogrodniczką.

Publikacje
 Rationing in medicine – recenzja, 2002
 Prorok wśród swoich, 2004
 W poszukiwaniu złotego środka, 2007
 SInger kontratakuje, 2009
 Konsekwencjalizm i tajemnica: obrona ezoterycznej moralności, 2013
 The Point of View of the Universe: Sidgwick and Contemporary Ethics (z Peterem Singerem), Oxford University Press, 2014
 Utilitarianism: A Very Short Introduction (z Peterem Singerem), Oxford University Press, 2017
 What should a consequentialist promote?, The Oxford Handbook of Consequentialism, 2020
 Godny pożądania stan świadomości. O przyjemności jako wartości ostatecznej, 2021

Przypisy

Polscy filozofowie XXI wieku
Polscy filozofowie analityczni
Polscy etycy
Wykładowcy Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Urodzeni w 1975


Presenters Tiffany Haddish and Maya Rudolph added a little humor to this year's Oscars cermeony. The two critically-acclaimed comedic actresses groused about foot pain and touched on the #OscarsSoWhite controversy.
The post The Oscars bit proves Tiffany Haddish and Maya Rudolph need a buddy movie, right now appeared first on theGrio.
The post TURN UP: Jordan Peele & Black Twitter react to super black Oscar nominations appeared first on theGrio.
The post WATCH: Denzel Washington, Mary J. Blige, Jordan Peele, Daniel Kaluuya & more Nab Oscar Noms appeared first on theGrio.
Now, this is the kind of Oscars list we've been waiting to see.
The post #OscarsSoBlack: Black Hollywood dominates Oscar nominations appeared first on theGrio.


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hoakley May 22, 2016 General, Macs, Technology
Some good, some dangerous: Apple's updates this year
One of the most compelling arguments for Apple owning all the hardware on which its operating systems run, is that of compatibility. Buy a Mac, iPhone, iPad, or any other device from Apple, and it should always run its current operating system consistently, and update flawlessly.
Apple's products should not suffer the sort of problems that have bedevilled PCs, such that Microsoft even has a page detailing the most common errors. Nor should they ever cause the "massive problems" reported last month in Windows 10 updates.
Unlike Android phones and tablets, all reasonably modern Apple devices should be able to update to the current version of iOS straightaway, without having to wait for product-specific updates which might never appear.
Although it is impossible to gauge how many Apple users have had update nightmares, Apple does not seem to have performed to expectations this year.
OS X has had three 'minor' updates, each of which has been very large in size, suggesting that they were more than minor incremental fixes, taking it to 10.11.3, 10.11.4, and 10.11.5, and countless silent changes to XProtect and other system files.
Problems updating to, or resulting from, 10.11.3 on 19 January seem not to have been prominent. As with every update, there were a few users who reported glitches, but on this occasion they do seem to have been confined to the few. Instead, Apple pushed out a silent update to its kernel extension (KEXT) security settings at the end of February which blocked Ethernet ports on several of the most recent models of Mac, including MacBook Pros and high-end iMacs.
El Capitan 10.11.4, which shipped on 21 March, was an even bigger problem for many of those using recent Macs, causing sporadic but repeated freezes on certain MacBook Pro and iMac models. Although these might have been largely resolved with 10.11.5 on 16 May, some oddities remain.
Power Management, in the Energy Saver pane, continues to behave differently from model to model. My own experience here is that my top-end end current iMac 27″ put its internal Fusion Drive to sleep whenever the system went to sleep prior to 10.11.5, and occasionally suffered system crashes as a result. Now that it is running 10.11.5, the same setting to not put disks to sleep doesn't put the system to sleep at all. But a different model, even a slightly different iMac, may behave quite differently.
iOS has had one more substantial update to 9.3, and three 'minor' updates, to 9.2.1, 9.3.1, and 9.3.2.
iOS 9.2.1, on 19 January, should have been a small security update, but many users complained of battery endurance problems as a result.
iOS 9.3 on 21 March bricked so many iPad 2 units that Apple was forced to push out revised versions of the update. Even then many users found their devices freezing when clicking links in emails, and suffering other issues.
The answer to iOS 9.3 should have been 9.3.1, provided just 10 days later and out of cycle, to try to repair the damage. But many found more issues, and it caused problems with Bluetooth connections on the latest iPhone SE.
iOS 9.3.2, released on 16 May, should have seen off those remaining issues in 9.3.1, but instead started bricking many iPad Pro 9.7″ models – something of a catastrophe not only for their users, but for Apple to hit its latest and much-promoted tablet so hard. This was sufficiently serious as to force Apple to block updating any more of that model, to limit the destruction. Amazingly, I managed to update my own iPad Pro 9.7″ and it is still running 9.3.2 flawlessly. I do go to sleep with my fingers still firmly crossed, though.
There are many other reports of problems with 9.3.2 which tend to confirm the old lesson that repeatedly trying to patch bad patches is just going to dig the hole deeper.
What is worse, Apple inflicts these problems in batches. Keeping OS X and iOS in kilter may be very helpful for iCloud and synchronisation purposes, but it means that the many of us with Macs, iPads, iPhones, and other Apple devices, undergo update mayhem for a day or more every couple of months. As Apple often chooses to update its other software products, such as OS X Server, Xcode, and its apps, at about the same time, keeping up to date is coming to dominate more of our lives than is healthy.
If this were early in the life of the major product releases, such as 10.11.0 and 9.0, then it might be more understandable, perhaps even forgivable for a while. But El Capitan and iOS 9.0 are ten months old, and should be stabilising, not getting more wobbly by the week.
One solution is to delay updating any Apple product until the bugs have surfaced. As these updates wrap bug-fixes and important security updates together, the safety in that strategy is an illusion, as you are left exposed to security vulnerabilities when they are most likely to be exploited.
From outside, this has all the hallmarks of product update cycles which are driven by the calendar, and override the quality management system. Instead of updates being orchestrated for release when they are done, Apple appears to be pushing most out before they have been adequately tested and debugged. In doing so, it is hurting its reputation, and making the lives of many of its customers considerably more fraught.
Posted in General, Macs, Technology and tagged El Capitan, iOS, iOS 9, iPad Pro, OS X, OS X 10.11. Bookmark the permalink.
Brief Candles: Jules Bastien-Lepage 2
Book Review: Hieronymus Bosch, Painter and Draughtsman: Catalogue Raisonné, Ilsink and Koldeweij


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Home › News › Fundraising Awards
Tag : Fundraising Awards
Fundraisers Awarded for Excellence – FIA
Staff Reporter, Friday, 2nd March 2012 - Fundraisers from across the country have been recognised for their dedication to the sector and the community in the Fundraising Institute of Australia's National Awards…
Aussie Fundraisers Win Global Awards
Staff Reporter, Monday, 24th October 2011 - Two Australians have been recognised on the global stage after being named the world's most outstanding fundraiser and volunteer at an awards ceremony in the Netherlands.…
World's First International Fundraising Awards
Staff Reporter, Thursday, 15th July 2010 - The UK Resource Alliance (RA), an NGO that builds global capacity in fundraising, has launched the world's first international awards program for celebrating fundraising…
Fifty Acres
We believe in doing great work, for good. And have the exper...


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Tag: EU Charter
An automated assassin is an automated assassin by any other name
Posted on October 6, 2015 December 23, 2015 by Laurie Calhoun in Death & Politics, Death & Taxes, Death of Military Virtue, Drone Nation, Lethal Creep, Lexicon, Logic of Targeted Killing, news commentary, Political Analysis, Strike first, suppress questions later, Tyrants are as Tyrants do
British Prime Minister David Cameron recently got in on the drone killing game by dispatching two of his countrymen and labeling the homicides acts of "national defense". Would the homicides have been accepted without protest if the Prime Minister had enlisted a contract killer to sneak into the homes of British nationals and use strangulation wires to eliminate them while they were lying in bed asleep? Or would that not obviously constitute extrajudicial execution, doubly illegal under British law and the EU Charter, both of which prohibit capital punishment?
Now that Cameron has succeeded in strapping on his Hellfire missile holster with little response from the British public, he has decided to acquire even more lethal drones, doubling the country's current arsenal. He will switch out the Reaper drones now in the RAF armory to make room for a new model. To ensure that no one puts up a fuss, he's decided to call them "Protector" rather than Predator or Reaper drones, whose name unequivocally expresses their intended purpose: to kill human beings.
These machines are used not only to fire on targets, but also to hunt them down, making it impossible for them to escape alive. The targets are not permitted to surrender, as soldiers on the ground would be required to allow enemy soldiers to do. "No immediate threat" means "no killing" for a human combat soldier, who is subject to court martial and criminal charges when he opts to slay a person posing no clear and present danger to any person present.
In the Drone Age, the warriors "take no prisoners", following the lead of US President Barack Obama, whose signature policy is "kill don't capture". The suspected targets (militants, insurgents, terrorists or just plain allegedly "evil" people) are incapable of laying down their arms before their killer, the drone lurking over their head, in most cases because they are not bearing any arms at all when they are obliterated. They are typically not threatening other human beings with death and so could not be legally terminated by another human being on the ground. The question therefore must be addressed: how can it be right to kill people using lethal drones, if it would be wrong for a human contract killer to do the same to unarmed persons walking down the street?
The practice of remote-control killing became a standard operating procedure because it was normalized by the US government after years of covert actions, which, carried out under cover of State Secrets Privilege, were never the subject of debate. The time has arrived for the populace of countries whose leaders wield or condone the use of lethal drones (as the German government does by permitting drone killing to be orchestrated from Ramstein Air Force base) to wake up to the reality of what is being done with their money under a pretext of national defense.
Calling summary execution without trial "protection" merely masks the reality, making it more politically palatable, just as calling the unintended victims "collateral damage" hides from the people paying for the deaths the horror of what has been done in their name.
For more information and related criticism, see We Kill Because We Can: From Soldiering to Assassination in the Drone Age, Chapter 3: The Logic of Targeted Killing; Chapter 10: Death and Politics; Chapter 11: Death and Taxes; and Chapter 12: Tyrants are as Tyrants Do
Tagged David Cameron, EU Charter, Predator, Protector, Reaper, Royal Air Force (RAF), United KingdomLeave a comment
Is Germany Still a Member of the European Union? The Case of Ramstein Air Force Base
Posted on September 13, 2015 April 9, 2016 by Laurie Calhoun in Essays, news commentary
Germany houses Ramstein Air Force Base, from which lethal drone strikes have been and continue to be carried out by the US government in Yemen, Afghanistan, and Pakistan, among other places. Why is this problematic? First, because Hellfire missiles launched from drones are being used to eliminate persons in lands where war was never waged, in violation of the United Nations Charter, which requires that member states secure the approval of the Security Council before penetrating the territory of a sovereign nation with the weapons of war.
Until the recent coup in Yemen and the resultant chaos—arguably precipitated by the US drone program—most of the missiles there were being fired at the behest of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), an ostensibly civilian, not military organization. Only this past weekend, four more unnamed "suspected Al Qaeda members" were taken out by a US drone in Jawf province, in the southern part of Yemen. The deaths in such cases—whether of suspects or so-called collateral damage—are by all appearances extrajudicial executions, what in the twentieth-century would have been carried out covertly, in black ops. Only in the Drone Age has assassination been rebranded as an act of war, in an unfortunate frenzy on the part of US policy makers to appear strong in the aftermath of the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001.
We now know that many of the detainees at Guantánamo Bay were innocent. They were rounded up as terrorist suspects, but later determined not to have been terrorists at all. The Bush administration "tortured some folks," as Obama put it, and he vowed to call a halt to the mistreatment of detainees. This was accomplished, remarkably, by ceasing altogether to take any prisoners in territories deemed hostile, opting instead to kill them all. US administrators infamously decreed that due process and judicial process are not one and the same and proceeded to act according to a new principle, "kill don't capture", under the obviously erroneous assumption (given the findings at Guantánamo Bay) that all terrorist suspects are in fact terrorists.
In none of the drone killings have the suspects been granted, as is required by Article 11 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the opportunity to defend themselves against the determination by the reigning "kill committee" that they deserve to die. According to the Department of Justice White Paper, US citizens intentionally killed in drone strikes, such as Anwar al-Awlaki, who was annihilated in Yemen on September 30, 2011, are not denied "due process", even when they have never been indicted for crimes, much less allowed to stand trial.
US officials have also insisted that the strikes are permitted under Article 51, the self-defense clause, of the UN Charter. However, that the strikes in Yemen have been acts of self-defense is belied by the fact that, until 2015, the US government sought the permission of the central government before killing on Yemen soil. No political leader can grant or withhold an inherent right to self-defense.
The complicity of Germany in such extrajudicial executions bears special scrutiny. Even if the executions from Ramstein Air Force Base had been carried out at the conclusion of a robust judicial process, fully respecting the rights of the suspects, the European Union prohibits its members from imposing the death penalty even on convicted murderers. In other words, Germany, by permitting such acts of killing to be carried out from German soil, would seem to be violating the European Union Charter of Fundamental Rights, which clearly states in Chapter 1, Article 2(2):
No one shall be condemned to the death penalty, or executed.
The statement is categorical. There are no exceptions. It does not say
No one shall be condemned to the death penalty, or executed, except by remote-control.
No one shall be condemned to the death penalty, or executed, except when deemed worthy of death by the US government.
No one shall be condemned to the death penalty, or executed, except when accidentally killed by the US government as they attempt to kill somebody else.
Three plaintiffs recently filed a suit alleging Germany's culpability in the drone killing in Yemen of two innocent men, Salim bin Ali Jaber and Walid Abdullah bin Ali Jaber. The plaintiffs argued that Ramstein Air Force Base, located on German soil, is an integral part of the US "kill chain", without which the victims would not have been slain.
The judge sided with the German government, which argued that it cannot control what other sovereign nations do. But is this true? Is it right? If Germany has granted the US government to operate on German soil, does this imply that within the space where they operate "Everything is permitted"? That sounds like a non sequitur to me. The judge in the case, Hildegund Caspari-Wierzoch, stated that the plaintiffs are welcome to appeal the case, and it appears that they intend to do so.
If the United States has committed war crimes in Yemen, and they were perpetrated from German soil, then the German government was a culpable collaborator. The only way to avoid such complicity would be to expel the wrongdoers or prohibit them from violating international law while operating in Germany.
Does anyone deny that the Vichy regime was complicit in the crimes committed on French soil by the Third Reich? The cases are not so very different, it seems to me.
For more information and related criticism, see We Kill Because We Can: From Soldiering to Assassination in the Drone Age, Chapter 2: From Black Ops to Standard Operating Procedure; Chapter 3: The Logic of Targeted Killing; and Chapter 12: Tyrants Are As Tyrants Do
Tagged Al Qaeda, Anwar al-Awlaki, CIA, EU Charter, European Union, Germany, Guantánamo Bay, Hildegund Caspari-Wierzoch, Ramstein, Salim bin Ali Jaber, UN Charter, Universal Declaration of Human Rights, YemenLeave a comment


I definitely watched the ISS pass over, it corresponded to the tracking online at the time.
You can see the ISS with your naked eye. I watched it pass over last year in the evening. I also checked that path online and it was spot on.


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FPMcCann precast concrete rainwater attenuation tanks help manage storm water runoff from new housing development in Shropshire
Standfirst: A series of precast concrete rainwater attenuation tanks will help manage the storm water runoff from new housing development built to provide the funds that allowed villagers to buy, restore and run their local pub.
The construction of a new housing development in the village of Neenton Shropshire has enabled the villagers to fund the renovation of their local pub, The Pheasant, which had been unoccupied since 2006.
The development by Shropshire Housing Group of seven new homes has been built on land to the rear of the pub. Five of the homes were sold at a profit with the funds used to buy the pub, pay for its refurbishment and construct a new conservatory/community room to provide a place for villagers to meet. The remaining two homes were added to the existing stock of the social landlord and made available to the rural community under a shared ownership scheme.
Storm water attenuation was critical in controlling the rate of rainfall run-off from the new housing development. The homes were built by KITWE Developments along a crescent-shaped access road. Rainfall run-off is attenuated by two underground concrete tanks constructed from sections of large diameter precast concrete pipes manufactured by British Precast Drainage Association member company FP McCann.
Together the tanks hold 120m3 of runoff, which is sufficient capacity to meet the planning requirement that the tank's capacity had to be sufficient to cater for a 1 in 100 year storm event plus 30% additional capacity to allow for increased run-off as a result of climate change.
The larger of the two tanks is located at the rear of the properties. It is constructed from 16 sections of standard Easi-Flex 2.5m long, 1200 mm diameter precast concrete pipes. It also features 'special' endcap units with pipe socket holes cored in various diameters to suit the different diameters of the inlet and outlet pipes. Access to the tank is via two 3000mm wide manhole chambers, one at each end of the cylindrical tank.
The smaller 750mm diameter tank constructed from precast concrete pipe sections is situated under the site access road. It features an 1800mm manhole access chamber at each end.
Ken Dalton, KITWE's managing director says: "We worked very closely with the FP McCann team to establish the most efficient and cost effective attenuation system to match the site's drainage requirements. In our opinion the precast concrete option was the most flexible and practical solution for such a large storm water tank".
Construction of the new development finished in September 2015. The pub, which is run by the community, opened at the end of last year.
To check out the pub go to www.pheasantatneenton.co.uk/
To see what other precast concrete drainage solutions are available go to: www.precastdrainage.co.uk
To find out what KITWE are up to go to: www.kitwedeveopments.co.uk
FPMcCann precast concrete rainwater attenuation tanks


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This story is over 5 years old
Immigrants Are Being Kept As Cannabis Slaves in Britain and Ireland
And then sent to prison when they're found by police.
by Rachel Browne
(Photo via Flickr user eggrole)
In early 2012, a woman approached a Vietnamese grandmother and offered her a stable job in Europe as a nanny. The grandmother accepted, delighted at the possibility of earning enough money to pay off her heavy debts and support her family.
But she had been tricked. Instead of taking care of children, she says she was kept as a slave in a marijuana-growing operation on the outskirts of Dublin and forced to care for the weed plants. According to her lawyer, Aine Flynn, the woman was starved, had her documents confiscated and was threatened with violence by the men in charge if she disobeyed. She was arrested in November of 2012, during a police raid, and has been in prison awaiting her sentence ever since.
The Vietnamese woman – whose name is being withheld because Flynn is requesting that the High Court in Ireland grant her anonymity as a human trafficking victim – is just one of hundreds of trafficking victims, mostly from Vietnam and China, being forced to work as "gardeners" in marijuana-growing operations across Europe, human rights groups claim.
What's more, they say, these gardeners are often charged and convicted with the crimes they were forced to commit.
"They're coerced and manipulated from the start. They're misled. They don't believe they're coming here to work in grow houses," Flynn told me.
There is limited data available on the problem, but media and NGO reports (here, here, here and here) have been documenting human trafficking into the marijuana industry in the UK. The latest assessment by the Serious Organised Crime Agency says the number of people trafficked for marijuana cultivation "increased by 130 percent from 2011 to 2012… 56 (81 percent) were children". Little was known about the problem outside of the UK until late March, when a report titled "Trafficking for Forced Labour in Cannabis Production: The Case of Ireland" was published by the Migrant Rights Centre (MRCI). The report, which is part of an ongoing project by Anti-Slavery International aimed at providing research on human trafficking in Europe, appears to show that forced labour in marijuana facilities is happening across the European Union.
Grainne O'Toole, MRCI's project coordinator, told me the police have been "finding people locked into cannabis grow houses in squalor conditions, malnourished, not receiving any money for what they were doing and living under threat". She said that even though the police are trained in human trafficking, they still do not identify them as victims.
Chinese national Meng Feng Chen, who in January was given a five-year prison sentence after being kept in "virtual slavery" at a cannabis grow house in County Cork, Ireland (Photo via)
This includes a Vietnamese man – called "Mr B" in the report to protect his identity – who says he thought he was going to work in law but instead was forced to garden marijuana plants in a barn. B said he was brought food once a week. When the police raided the barn, he told them he had been kept as a slave and threatened with violence. He was charged with possession and now faces a possible sentence of ten years in prison.
According to another report by Anti-Slavery International, gardeners working in grow houses face additional risks beyond being hauled off to a jail cell. As you might imagine, workers' rights groups aren't consulted when determining appropriate working conditions for slave labourers. Those working in illegal grow houses, the report found, are often exposed to noxious fumes, constant heat and light, and the risk of fire and electrocution from shoddy wiring and energy supplies.
MRCI is currently reviewing 21 cases in the Irish courts believed to be possible instances of human trafficking and not drug crimes, O'Toole said.
I spoke with Klara Skrivankova, trafficking coordinator at Anti-Slavery International, who told me the trend of slavery in the marijuana trade across Europe is "a significant problem" that requires further investigation, adding that the MRCI report is a good first step.
She mentioned that even though Vietnamese people represent a significant group of trafficking victims in countries like the UK and Ireland, it's not perceived as a big problem by the Vietnamese government. "They have a much bigger issue with trafficking of Vietnamese within the region – Vietnamese trafficked to China, Cambodia and elsewhere," she said.
Skrivankova warns law enforcement and courts in Europe against prosecuting the low-level gardeners without first considering they might not be there by choice. She said governments need to have protocols to identify victims trafficked for illicit activities so they can bring the traffickers themselves to justice.
"Countries are perpetuating the crime. If you have a victim who is prosecuted, it's very easy for the trafficker to just replace that particular victim," she said.
A press officer for the national police in Ireland sent me an email declining to comment on this issue, because it might prejudice cases currently before the courts.
Officers at Europol and Interpol told me they've noticed a trend of undocumented Vietnamese migrants working in marijuana grow houses connected to Vietnamese gangs in Europe, but that it's difficult for law enforcement to tell the difference between trafficking victims and those working there by choice.
Soren Pedersen, a spokesperson for Europol, told me, "Some of them are illegal immigrants, and this might be a way that they pay off some of the costs in connection with the fare of being smuggled into the EU. So that's not necessarily human trafficking – that's illegal immigration."
Jesper Lund, an officer with Interpol's Human Trafficking and Child Exploitation Unit, said that when Vietnamese workers are found during raids on grow operations, they're typically arrested and charged with drug-related offences. He said that while some might be trafficked, others might claim they're victims to avoid charges after they're caught. But he says law enforcement's approach is gradually changing.
"I've seen several other European countries where they are identifying the workers as victims of trafficking," he said. He told me he heard from officers in Denmark the other day that they'd raided a marijuana grow house and identified "a couple of victims of trafficking in human beings".
"The trend is going toward a recognition of Vietnamese organised crime groups using Vietnamese victims," Lund explained. "I believe we are moving there."
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Bobby Gee, Bobby Gee Defutebol, De Futebol, De Futebol Bobby, De Futebol Brasil, EPL, Futebol, soccer
De Futebol The EPL is too Chicken to play the up and coming stars of England
Posted on November 18, 2017 by Bobby Gee
Arsène Wenger admits to the Daily Mail the EPL does not help promising young talent excel due to the demands of the Premier League.
"Arsene Wenger believes that every Premier League club fails promising English talent due to the demands of the top flight.
The past few months have been euphoric for England – with the nation winning various international tournaments at differing age groups.
The Young Lions are World Cup winners at Under 17 and Under-20 level, while the Under-19 squad are European champions.
Despite their recent triumphs though, many rising talents of the English game find their progression into the first team blocked. Staggeringly only half of one per cent of boys who enter academies at the age of nine go on to make a living from the game. The Premier League are committed to investing in the region of £800million to youth development to change this alarming statistic.
Reflecting on why this is on BT Sport Films upcoming broadcast No Hunger in Paradise, Wenger admits that all 20 sides fail with integrating the talent because of the pressures involved with getting a result at the weekend.
'There is huge English natural talent out there and the best way to prove that and to check that is if you look at the results of the young boys in England youth teams at international level,' he said in the piece which will premiere during FA Cup third round weekend of January 5-8, 2018.
'They start to win competitions, they start to exist in every big competition with the youth level. That means the talent is there. Now we go into process No 3, the integration.
'I would say today, many, many, many clubs do well part one and part two – quality of education – there's a lot work that has been done in England. We all fail in part three, integration into the first team.
'Nobody has found a miraculous solution because the Premier League has become so demanding that the gap between youth and reserve level and the Premier League is so big that all the managers sit there and sweat on the Friday night and finally think – lets be conservative, we'll see next week.'
http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sport/football/article-5054325/Arsene-Wenger-says-s-hard-pick-young-English-talent.html#ixzz4xlZpf4ek
Arsenal De Futebol De Futebol Bobby De Futebol Bobby Gee De Futebol Brasil soccer
De Futebol- Peru Advances to the 2018 World Cup
De Futebol Arsenal Wins! Shitty wins to stay atop the EPL. Liverpool blows out the Saints! Man U wins!
tophatal ........... · November 18, 2017
It's being done as a detriment to the Premierleague.
Bobby Gee · November 18, 2017
Yes it has and the result is a poor and crappy national team.
Not been overly impressed with the Premierleague this season !
The only teams that stand out are Man Shitty and Man U in the Champions league.
They're good but I don't believe either are good enough to win the Champions League this season !
We will see as the Champions League progresses
There are some very good upcoming games in the competition .
Yes there are some real corkers
Most definitely and it will be interesting to see how Los Galacticos (Real Madrid) fares. I think it's crazy they're taking place with their now being calls for them to get rid of midfielder Gareth Bale after some surprising losses in La Liga. It's not all Bale's fault , but comes down the defense not being that good to begin with.
This would be great for Man U. Mourinho wants him badly


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Apple Pay Is Here But How Secure Is It? Security Researcher Reveals Touch ID Still Poses A Problem
By Cammy Harbison @cammywrites 06/29/16
When CVS and Rite Aid disabled Apple Pay over the weekend, it drew attention to rival mobile wallet CurrentC. Here's how CurrentC compares to Apple Pay and why some companies have no choice but to boycott Apple Pay: Screenshot
Is Apple Pay safe? Are there any known security issues? With this week's release of iOS 8.1, came also the launch of the Apple Pay system – a new NFC payment system that allows users to make purchases in stores, online and through apps with just the press of a finger on the Touch ID. While many users are excited about the ease of payment now available on iPhone 6 and above running iOS 8.1, it does come with some reservations by those within the security community. After all, with the introduction of the Apple Pay system, users can now easily authorize large purchases amounting hundreds or even thousands of dollars with a simple touch.
Are there negative implications for such powerful authorization ability? What are the weaknesses in such a system, and how might they be exploited by neer-do-wells?
In a presentation at HITB Malaysia 2014, Marc Rogers, long-time threat intelligence expert and current Principal Security Researcher at Lookout Mobile Security, expounded upon the possible security issues that could arise with the integration of Apple Pay and the Touch ID, while offering possible solutions for making the system more secure.
To begin with, Apple Pay is, for all intents and purposes, pretty secure. Short of someone stealing your fingerprint and making a mold of it to hack into your device or manipulating your finger while you are asleep, there's not much chance that your fingerprint will be used against you by the everyday crook on the street. Only through a targeted attack -- like a stalker who might take your fingerprint and create a mold of it, or police authorities that might require you by duress to "thumb" in to your device -- would the security of your Touch ID be compromised. Therefore, you are reasonably safe from the common thief when it comes to using Touch ID to secure your device.
But when it comes to using Touch ID as a method of authorizing payment in Apple Pay, however, this is where problems can arise, says Rogers.
"TouchID is secure enough for things like keeping casual intruders out of your phone or foiling phone thieves, but it faces a whole different set of challenges when it comes to payments, because, while it can show the presence of the owner, it doesn't tell you what their intent was," he said. "It doesn't tell you whether that fingerprint was used to unlock the phone or if they were doing it to make a payment. And it doesn't tell you if they were being forced to do it. Those things have to be taken into account when you look into the different risk factors for different types of transactions."
Rogers explained that there are still too many unknowns regarding Apple Pay's use of Touch ID.
"Apple Pay is going to use Touch ID to authorize transactions. And we don't know exactly what this is going to look like yet, but we suspect it's going to be something like the process for the merchant store where on the very first purchase you have to enter your code, but then once you've done that you go into a window asking to authorize a payment with just the touch of your finger," he said. "That's fine, however, that security is not adequate for anything other than low dollar transactions because, honestly, it isn't all that hard for me to intercept somebody and force them to touch their phone."
To that Rogers added, "Using the same process for unlocking ones phone to authorize payments, to close windows or to go to the homescreen is a bad idea," said Rogers. "You want different processes for some of these things – or at least different fingers."
Rogers then went on to share a scenario that could easily become a way for toll fraud attackers to force users to authorize payments without being aware that they were doing it.
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"Consider this scenario. Say you authorize a transaction for $500, and then up pops a really annoying screen -- maybe some kind of advert with pornography or other annoying content. What are you going to do as soon as that pops up? You're gonna press with your finger or thumb to make it go away. Well, that's exactly the same process you used to authorize a payment. So if you do the two at the same time, you'll make the annoying advert go away but you might also be authorizing another payment."
"When someone attempts to make a premium SMS charge … processing the transaction can take up to 30 days … but when you pay with a credit card, that payment is almost instantaneous and the only recourse is a retroactive charge back. That's bad," says Rogers. "That means we now have a quick fraud method which can be used for much larger sums of money."
In sharing the possible risks that could occur with the use of Touch ID for authorizing Apple Pay transactions, Rogers also offered some solutions Apple could implement to make the payment system more secure.
"We have the opportunity to make these things more secure … now that we're moving from the credit cards to the thumb, it seems like we're bringing in a bunch of potential issues. But there are ways Apple can address this. I would like to see user-configured time outs so as to solve the problem of me using my sleeping spouse's fingerprint. I would like to see her have the ability to set a time-out of say two hours or 30 minutes or when the "do not disturb" icon is on so that it will disable the Touch ID and force the entry of a pincode. At that point, nobody can passably use your finger on the Touch ID. It would take the police more than 30 minutes to create a fake fingerprint to use against your phone."
As for potential in app purchase issues, Rogers offered this solution.
"For any payment over $50, you should be asked to enter a 4-digit pin as well as touching your finger. Of course it's not completely fool proof, but it's a step in the right direction," said Rogers.
To view the slides from Rogers presentation called "Giving Apple Pay The Finger", click here.
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Caboolture has its fair share of office workers and of course many people like to sit and relax after a hard day's work, but you should consider that excessive sitting can cause back pain and much more. Can sitting be as bad for your health as smoking?
The sitting epidemic is considered to be a a ticking time bomb of ill health, just waiting to explode and there is a lot of research to prove just that.
In a typical day we can spend on average around 7.5 hours sleeping. Commuting and sitting at work, up to 10 hours, and leisure time between 1 to 4 hours of sitting.
There are many ways Excessive Sitting can harm you.
Brain: Excessive sitting has been linked to increased incidence of senile dementia and to depression.
STROKE: Extended periods of sitting can cause your blood to clot, clots can travel to the brain causing transient ischemia, a stroke.
CERVICAL SPINE: Neck muscles are placed under abnormal load due to reversal of normal neck curvature leading to pain. Excess fluid in the legs, edema, from sitting moves to the neck at night and contributes to sleep apnea.
HEART: If you lead a sedentary lifestyle you are three times as likely to develop Type 2 Diabetes and Coronary Disease.
PULMONARY: You are three times as likely to develop blood clots, thrombosis, in the lungs, if you sit most of the day.
ARTERIES: Reduced physical activity leads to High Blood Pressure, which in turn can cause kidney disease and contribute to heart disease.
ABDOMINAL: Sedentary lifestyle also contributes to Obesity and many forms of Cancer, including Colon Cancer.
BACK PAIN: Sitting for extended periods of time places abnormal forces on the spine and loss of normal physiological curvature which can result in compression of the intervertebral discs, tight muscles and diminished physiological reflexes, which with movement upon standing can lead to injury of the spine. Chiropractic adjustments help restore normal reflexes resulting in less occurrence of back pain.
3 minutes of gentle stretching and mobility.
Also consider seeing a Chiropractor to determine if Chiropractic care can be beneficial to you.
Caboolture is experiencing seasonal damp, humid weather, which a lot of people associate with a higher incidence of back pain, neck pain as well as pain in other joints of the body, especially knee pain, this type of weather can also be associated for some people with headaches. Research has shown that damp weather can lead to increased fluid retention which results in increased pain sensation in any part of the body.
Your Chiropractor will adjust your spine to relieve pain, gentle movement such as Tai Chi can help by increasing blood flow and reducing stagnation, acupuncture can be helpful, another tip from Chinese medicine is to drink barley soup (jobs tears) which mildly increases fluid secretion. The ancient Chinese believed it did this by improving the functioning of the Spleen, the organ they associate energetically with removing excess fluid from the body. Things which reduce spleen function according to Traditional Chinese Medicine is eating too much or not enough sweet food and also excessive worry, again Tai Chi or meditation can help here. Interestingly pearl barley has been associated in research with reducing high blood pressure. A word of caution, pearl barley can reduce blood sugar, so perhaps it is not appropriate for people with diabetes.


Style is important when it comes to tiles. Ceramic … Read More..
Have you ever sat down and looked back on some of the old jobs you have done and realized that you missed some things about those jobs? It is not always that you will find greener pastures when you hop to another job, but when you get another job and look back, you remain grateful for what you have now. By reading this article, you're going to discover a list of some of the things that you would definitely not miss about your old job.
The first thing in the list that you do not miss about your traditional employment this the commute to and fro the workplace. The average time which is taken to commute from your home to the workplace is approximately 26 minutes. To put it even better, that is almost one hour every day that you would take traveling to your workplace. In other words, this is to say that will be spending nearly 1/24 parts of your day driving to a job or being driven because a day only has 24 hours. Another thing you should note is that the time you spend to commute to work is not inclusive of the time which you took to prepare before leaving for work. As you move to your workplace, some emergencies arise such as accidents like flat tires or blowouts which will interrupt your travel to the workplace. When you delay on the road, your boss will constantly call you to know why you are late and this is why it is a good idea to take the risk and freelance full-time.
You should not also miss your traditional employment due to the managers who micromanage you and only think about themselves. These managers assign you tasks … Read More..
Fidelity Investments is more than a financial services firm. We are innovators. A market leader in defining investment strategies. Pioneers in developing cutting-edge technology solutions. We believe in giving back to our local communities, and are a committed voice for diversity and inclusion. As a privately-owned company, we have the autonomy to do things the right way. For our customers. For … Read More..
Creating themed boards helps potential customers easily find what they're looking for. If you sell jewellery, it makes sense to group your earrings together on one board and necklaces on another. If you … Read More..


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Protective Effects of Grape Seed Proanthocyanidin Extract IH636 against Ischemia and Reperfusion Injury in HL-I Cardiomyocytes
Engers, Drew W.
Given the current prevalence of cardiovascular disease, seeking forms of protection against myocardial injury is of significant importance. Grape seed extract poses a potential solution to this dilemma since it is a potent antioxidant which could combat the damaging effects of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and electrophiles in cardiomyocytes. However, other than its capacity to act as a free radical scavenger, the mechanistic function and effects of grape seed in cardiomyocytes to promote an antioxidant response are not fully understood. The aim of this study was to investigate in vitro cardiac myocytes subjected to the intense oxidative stress of ischemia/reperfusion in order to delve into the possibility of differing mechanisms of benefit conferred by variations in treatment time and dose. Thus, HL-l cardiomyocytes were either acutely (30 min) or chronically (24 hr) treated with IH636 grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE) in a dosage range of25-100 J.lg/ml prior to ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). The levels of necrosis and apoptosis were measured with lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release and DNA fragmentation assays with ELISA, respectively, giving insight into protection against certain cell death pathways. Supplementation with 100 J.lg/ml of GSPE produced marginally significant reductions in necrosis levels of both acutely and chronically treated cells and in the apoptosis levels of chronically treated cells. This study suggests that a 100 µg/ml GSPE dose may be a physiological significant treatment concentration for in vitro cardioprotection of HL-l cells. More replicates of this research are necessary to determine the true statistical significance of this treatment concentration as a protective measure against necrotic and apoptotic cell death for cardiomyocytes. subj ected to IIR.


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Euthanasia to human health there is still a
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Euthanasia is "a concept used in the medical field which means easy death or gentle death, and is defined as the deliberate speeding up of the death of an individual based on terminal medical conditions" (Jonsen, et al. 2015). Euthanasia reflects one of the current debate issues health professionals encounter when caring for the end of life patients who are choosing between speeding up their death or living the rest of their life in pain. In the fields of laws and regulations related to human health there is still a controversy over the concept of a peaceful death. This ethical dilemma has health care providers making a decision to choose between two difficult options and are obligated to use moral reasoning to solve these legal and ethical risks. Euthanasia's legal and ethical aspects are still debated in many countries in the world. Withholding or withdrawing treatment of any patient has been never easy and is unable to be generalized (Naga, et al. 2013). There are two classes of euthanasia, Active and passive. Active euthanasia is "the ending of life by deliberate administration of drugs" (Farlex Partner, 2012). Active euthanasia is then split into two sub categories, in-voluntary (patient does not give permission to the medical provider) and voluntary (patient gives permission to the medical provider). Passive euthanasia is "the ending of life by the deliberate withholding of drugs or other life-sustaining treatment" (Mosby's, 2009). Many patients experience pain and suffering well experienced their terminal conditions. Suffering is not only a medical problem but also extends past physical pain. It is influenced by psychological, cultural and spiritual factors. Therefor under certain irreversible conditions euthanasia should be acceptable for those who have reflected the consequences and have given written or oral consent under their request.
In the case study "Respirator Removal" (Mackinnon, et al. 2014) Jim is a forty-four year old lawyer who was diagnosed with a tumor in his right lung. The surgery was routine and he returned to a normal life. Four years later, Jim was diagnosed with another tumor in his left lung, he knows he has a month to live. He has been put on a respirator which is extremely uncomfortable and hinders his ability to talk. Jim decided that he does not want to live out his last few weeks under this condition and would rather the respirator to be removed (Mackinnon, et al. 2014). Removing a respirator or a feeding tube are examples of passive euthanasia. The physician would stop his treatment of life support. "Withdrawal of life support in the intensive care setting is increasing in frequency. More than half a million deaths a year, or 20-25% of all deaths in the United States, occur in ICU" (Chen, 2015). People are considered to be autonomous, they have the power to decide when and how to end their lives. Immanuel Kant 's principle of autonomy "justifies the claim that a human must never be used a mere means to another's end. Kant's principle of autonomy is particularly useful and pertinent to all bioethical issues, especially euthanasia" (Rohlf, 2016). Ventilator termination is a complex process and is now considered as ethically and morally acceptable as "legal precedents and enthusiasts have deemed that if the quality of life is unacceptable to the patient, removing a ventilator from an awake patient is ethically equivalent to removing a ventilator from a patient who is unaware. One benefit is that the provider can be confident of the patient's actual wishes. However, one must ensure durability of the patient's desire and an absence of reversible reasons for desire to hasten death, such as clinical depression, concerns of being a burden to family, or uncontrolled pain" (Chen, 2015). Critical care providers should be comfortable and familiar with this topic.
The ethical framework for arguing for or against euthanasia is a complex system because death is typically seen as "bad" in society. When looking at euthanasia, it is important to remove associated emotions that are involved, deontology allows us to do so. The "action is based on whether or not the action itself is wrong under a series of rules, rather than based on the consequences of the actions" (Webster's, 2014). The ability to act morally, one must follow one's moral duties (Mackinnon, et al. 2014). Patient centered deontology is specific to euthanasia as it is dependent upon patient's consent. Jim desires the removal of the ventilator to avoid pain and discomfort. Although Kant would believe that euthanasia is morally impermissible, autonomy is used for arguing that euthanasia is morally permissible when the patient has consented. No one forced Jim into this decision, he exercised his rights to acting as a free rational being. Jim is acting on voluntary active euthanasia, he is giving consent and has acknowledged all the legal implications. Refusal of a patient's wishes would deprecate a patient's autonomy by impeding them from acting as an end in themselves as well as belittling them as a person.
Overall, euthanasia is a debatable and difficult issue patients have to deal with to express their autonomic rights. There are multiple factors correlated with each individual case. An individual with a terminal illness with no cure should be able to consent to the ability to end their life on their own means. "Patient centered deontology is the best ethical framework for evaluating the moral permissibility of euthanasia. It allows Patient autonomy and making judgments based on the act and agent themselves rather than the consequences" (Nathan, 2015). There is no difference in active and passive euthanasia, they are morally permissible, and that the distinction between active and passive euthanasia, in itself, actually diminishes the autonomy of the patient because this deems the agent as external in contrast to the patient acting as the agent.
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On the feast of the Nativity of Our Lady, September 8th, 2014 the sisters in Vranov, Slovakia welcomed redemptoristines from different monasteries: Scala (sr. Carmela and sr. Marianna), Bielsko-Biała, Poland (sr. Agnieszka and sr. Sylwia) and from the neighboring Kežmarok (Sr. Lenka).
They had all taken part in the ceremony of Zuzanna Liščáková's solemn vows, in the nearby Kežmarok. In Vranov they participated in the oriental liturgy in front of the newly installed iconostasis, admiring the beauty of that ceremony and rejoicing at the mutual love and unity among them.