text:
Home » Washington State Enterprise Technology Dictionary
A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W
The ability to use, modify, or affect an IT system or to gain entry to a physical area or location.
Theme(s):
Information Security, Enterprise Architecture, Accessibility
EA: Security Architecture, Security, Accessibility
Related Policies and Standards:
Amounts owed to private persons or organizations for goods and/or services received by the state. Accounts Payable does not include amounts due to other agencies, funds, or other governments
Administrative and Financial Systems, Enterprise Architecture
Financial Systems, EA: Business Architecture
Amounts due from private persons or organizations for goods, and/or services furnished by the state. Accounts Receivable does not include amounts due from other agencies, funds, or other governments
Enterprise Architecture, Administrative and Financial Systems
Administrative Revisions
General content changes like an organization, name, phone number, mailbox or URL in a policy or standard or a clarification or other revision that does not change the effect of the policy or standard.
Antenna Support Structure
Antenna support structure is any structure that can be safely use to support an antenna.
A computer program or set of programs that meet a defined set of business needs. A program or group of programs designed for end users. These programs are divided into two classes: system software and application software. While system software consists of low-level programs that interact with computers at a basic level, application software resides above system software and includes applications such as database programs, word processors and spreadsheets. Application software may be grouped along with system software or published alone. For the purposes of integration applications consume an integration service such as a web service or API.
General IT, Technology Business Management, Enterprise Architecture, Integration and Interoperability, Information Security
Integration, Technology Business Management, EA: Application Architecture, EA: Security Architecture, Security
Enterprise application integration EAI use of software and computer systems architectural principles to integrate a set of enterprise computer applications, furthermore, the process of keeping redundant copies of data (in independently designed applications) consistent, or enabling end-users to access data and functionality from independently designed applications on a single user interface.
Enterprise Architecture, Integration and Interoperability
Integration, EA: Application Architecture
A set of protocols, routines, functions and/or commands that programmers use to develop software or facilitate interaction between distinct systems. APIs are available for both desktop and mobile use, and are typically useful for programming graphic user interface components, as well as allowing a software program to request and accommodate services from another program. This definition explicitly excludes any "API" that relies on local binding (e.g. via loading a DLL) to function.
Application System
An interconnected set of IT resources under the same direct management control that meets a defined set of business needs.
General IT, Information Security, Enterprise Architecture
EA: Security Architecture, Security, EA: Application Architecture
Appointment Change
An action that indicates a change to an employee's appointment within the agency or movement of an employee between different agencies without a break in service - may include but not limited to movement to another position, adjustment of hours worked, changes from salaried to hourly, or reallocation of a position
Human Resource Systems, EA: Business Architecture
Assistive Technology Services is composed of hardware and software that help people who are physically or visually impaired, as well as ensuring electronic and information technology is accessible to people with disabilities, including employees and members of the public (i.e. 508 Compliant). This includes developing standards for all electronic and information technology.
Technology Business Management, Enterprise Architecture, Accessibility
IT Business Function
An attempt to bypass security controls on an IT system in order to compromise the data.
Information Security, Enterprise Architecture
EA: Security Architecture, Security
Audio / Video Conferencing
Audio / Video Conferencing entails communication across long distances with audio and / or video contact that may also include graphics and data exchange and includes all equipment, software, hardware, networks, etc. necessary to perform these functions.
Technology Business Management, Enterprise Architecture
Technology Business Management, EA: Application Architecture
Audit Trail Capture and Analysis
Defines the set of capabilities to support the identification and monitoring of activities within an application, system, or network
Technology Business Management, Enterprise Architecture, Information Security
Technology Business Management, Security, EA: Security Architecture
The process of ensuring the identity of a connected user or participants exchanging electronic data.
Benefits Management
Advantage, privilege, right, or financial reimbursement (such as that made under an insurance policy, medical plan, or pension plan)
Budgetary Control
The control or management of a governmental unit in accordance with an approved budget for the purpose of keeping expenditures within the limitations of available appropriations and available revenues.
Budgeting Systems, EA: Business Architecture, Financial Systems
A plan of financial operation embodying an estimate of proposed expenditures for a given period of time or purpose and the proposed means of financing them.
Budgeting Systems, Financial Systems, EA: Business Architecture
Business analytics includes all forms of data analysis of extremely large, complex data sets (big data) that are manipulated for business (mission) consumption
Technology Business Management, Enterprise Architecture, Business Intelligence
Technology Business Management, Business Intelligence, EA: Application Architecture
Business Application / System
An application or system which has a direct impact on the delivery of services to department/agency employees, clients or consumers.
General IT, Enterprise Architecture, Portfolio Management, Technology Business Management
EA: Business Architecture, Technology Business Management, Portfolio Management
The activities performed by the agency to ensure critical functions are available to entities needing access to those functions. Business continuity is related to restoring normal day-to-day functions in the event of service disruptions. Business continuity planning is different than disaster recovery planning.
Enterprise Architecture, Disaster Recovery
Disaster Recovery, EA: Business Architecture
Capital Asset Management / Fixed Asset Management
The Management of tangible or intangible assets held and used in state operations, which have a service life of more than one year and meet the state's capitalization policy. Capital assets of the state include land, infrastructure, and improvements to land, buildings, leasehold improvements, vehicles, furnishings, equipment, collections, and all other tangible and intangible assets that are used in state operations
Financial Systems
The cash receipts and cash payments of a government during a period. It categorizes cash activity as resulting from operating, noncapital financing, capital financing and investing activities
Within the TBM Program, agencies are responsible for categorizing and documenting their costs to the program taxonomies. The TBM Program provides templates that agencies use to capture and submit categorization to the program.
Technology Business Management, Portfolio Management
Defines the set of capabilities to support the certification and accreditation (C&A) of federal information systems, as described in NIST SP800-37.
Technology Business Management, EA: Security Architecture
The Tools or systems that allow multiple parties to interact and share documents or data through a shared work space or environment. Multiple parties contribute or update the shared environment and view, update, edit, & share files. This includes systems such as SharePoint, MAX, Web Conferencing, Cisco TelePresence, etc.)
Combined Level of Effort
Defines the set of capabilities to support the administration of online groups that share common interests
Technology Business Management, Identity Management, EA: Security Architecture
Continuity of Operations
Continuity of Operations involves the activities associated with the identification of critical systems and processes, and the planning and preparation required to ensure that these systems and processes will be available in the event of a catastrophic event and involves the internal actions necessary to develop a plan for resuming operations after a catastrophic event occurs. This can include Contingency Planning, Continuity of Operations and Service Recovery work.
Technology Business Management, Enterprise Architecture, Disaster Recovery
Disaster Recovery, Technology Business Management, EA: Infrastructure Architecture, EA: Business Architecture
Continuity of Operations Planning
The effort to ensure that mission-essential functions continue to be performed during a wide range of emergencies which could be localized or widespread.
Disaster Recovery, Enterprise Architecture
Continuous Monitoring includes all activities related to the real-time monitoring of security controls employed within or inherited by a system. (see Appendix G of NIST Special Publication 800-37)
Activities related to obtaining goods or services from sources, including the decision to contract, description of goods/services, solicitation of sources, contractor screening and selection, contract preparation, contract monitoring, auditing and post-contract follow-up
Procurement Systems, EA: Business Architecture
The firm, its employees and affiliated agents. Contractor also includes any firm, provider, organization, individual, or other entity performing the business activities of the agency. It will also include any subcontractor retained by Contractor as permitted under the terms of the Contract.
General IT, Information Security
Correspondence Management
Correspondence Management is the set of capabilities used to manage externally initiated and internally initiated communication between an organization and its stakeholders.
Cost Accounting/ Activity Based Costing (ABC)
A method of accounting which provides for accumulating and recording of all the elements of cost incurred to accomplish a purpose, to carry on an activity or operation, or to complete a unit of work or a specific job. Cost accounting approach concerned with matching costs with activities (called cost drivers) that cause those costs. It is a more sophisticated kind of absorption-costing and replaces labor based costing system. ABC states that (1) products consume activities, (2) it is the activities (and not the products) that consume resources, (3) activities are the cost drivers, and (4) that activities are not necessarily based on the volume of production. Instead of allocating costs to cost centers (such as service delivery, marketing, finance), ABC allocates direct and indirect costs to activities such as processing an order, attending to a customer complaint, or delivering a service
The cost center used in the TBM program is agency defined. Agencies can select up to three fields coded in the statewide Agency Financial Reporting System (AFRS) for their TBM Cost Center.
The sum established by the agency/institution as available for the entire project, including the construction budget, acquisition costs, furnishings and equipment, compensation for professional services and all contingencies. The cost estimate is used to develop capital project budgets
Cost Management and Control
Management of cost related activities achieved by collecting, analyzing, evaluating, and reporting cost information used for budgeting, estimating, forecasting, and monitoring costs. Cost control typically includes (1) investigative procedures to detect variance of actual costs from budgeted costs, (2) diagnostic procedures to ascertain the cause(s) of variance, and (3) corrective procedures to effect realignment between actual and budgeted costs
Cost Pools
The basic financial groupings of cost data. The smaller list simplifies reporting and provides a finance view of IT spend and represents the logical accounting buckets for IT charges. Cost Pools are mapped on the Chart of Accounts. For the State of Washington, Cost Pool mapping is generally done by mapping Objects, Sub-Objects, and/or Sub-Sub-Objects to a Cost Pool.
Covered Technology
All public-facing content, including websites, applications, documents and media, blog posts, and social media content. Certain non-public-facing content that must also comply. Examples include: All electronic content used for official business to communicate: emergency notifications, initial or final decisions adjudicating administrative claims or proceedings, internal or external program or policy announcements, notices of benefits, program eligibility, employment opportunities or personnel actions, formal acknowledgements or receipts, questionnaires or surveys, templates or forms, educational or training materials, and web-based intranets.
General IT, Governance, Technology Business Management, Disaster Recovery, Enterprise Architecture
Policies and Standards, EA: Application Architecture, EA: Data Architecture, EA: Infrastructure Architecture, EA: Security Architecture, Technology Business Management, Disaster Recovery
Credential Issuance and Management
Credential Issuance and Management: the researching, tracking and providing of user access credentials (logical and physicals) and associated security features for the protection of federal information and information systems from unauthorized access, use, disclosure, disruptions, modification, or destruction, as well as the creation and implementation of related security policies, procedures and controls. This includes background checks and related personnel security management services.
Critical Issue
A known system defect or enhancement request that if left unresolved could significantly impact business operations, compliance with statute or policy, the integrity of the system or data or otherwise create a public health, safety or other significant risk areas.
General IT, Enterprise Architecture, Information Management, Information Security, Infrastructure Management, Disaster Recovery
Data Management, EA: Application Architecture, EA: Security Architecture, EA: Infrastructure Architecture, Disaster Recovery, Security, Infrastructure
Defines the set of capabilities to support the use and management of ciphers, including encryption and decryption processes, to ensure confidentiality and integrity of data
Customer Services supports activities associated with providing an agency's customers with information regarding the agency's service offerings and managing the interactions and relationships with those customers.
Technology Business Management, Enterprise Architecture, Customer Support
Technology Business Management, Customer Support, EA: Business Architecture
Data Centers are facilities that house and protect critical IT equipment supporting delivery of government services including the space, power, environment controls, racks, cabling and external labor.
We distinguish between Agency Data Centers, and the State Data Centers because by statute we are directed to migrate TO the State Data Center and away from Agency Data Centers.
State Data Centers include:
The Olympia-based State Data Center (SDC) operated by Consolidated Technology Services (CTS)
The Quincy-based Disaster Recovery Services Data Center leased by CTS.
Other Facilities such as Computer rooms and MDF/IDF/telco closets that house IT equipment primarily supporting local building operations in corporate headquarters, call centers or other general purpose office buildings.
NOTE: This definition is used in the TBM program and also reside in Standard 113.30: TBM Taxonomy.
General IT, Enterprise Architecture, Technology Business Management
EA: Data Architecture, EA: Infrastructure Architecture, Technology Business Management
Technology Business Management, Policies and Standards
Supports the interchange of information between multiple systems and applications; includes verification that transmitted data was received unaltered.
Technology Business Management, Enterprise Architecture, Information Management
Technology Business Management, Data Management, EA: Data Architecture
The practices, architectural techniques and tools for achieving the consistent access and delivery of data across the spectrum of data subject areas and data structure types in the enterprise to meet the data consumption requirements of all applications and business processes.
Information Management, Integration and Interoperability, Enterprise Architecture
Data Management, EA: Data Architecture, EA: Application Architecture
Data Integrity and Privacy Management
Data Integrity and Privacy Management involves the coordination of data collection, storage, dissemination, and destruction as well as managing the policies, guidelines, and standards regarding data management, so that data quality is maintained and information is shared or available in accordance with the law and best practices
EA: Data Architecture, Technology Business Management, Data Management
Defines the set of capabilities to provide for the efficient discovery of non-obvious, valuable patterns and relationships within a large collection of data
Technology Business Management, EA: Data Architecture
Defines the set of capabilities to support the restoration and stabilization of data sets to a consistent, desired state
Technology Business Management, Enterprise Architecture, Information Management, Disaster Recovery
Technology Business Management, Data Management, Disaster Recovery, EA: Data Architecture
A named collection of related records maintained on a storage device, with the collection containing data organized or formatted in a specific or prescribed way, often in tabular form.
Defines the set of capabilities to support the archiving and storage of large volumes of data
Act of including Formal notification of the intent to retire some or all components of an Integration service such as API or web service, made some period ahead of time in order to allow consumers the opportunity to update consuming applications.
Integration and Interoperability, Enterprise Architecture
A user-facing web interface that provides a list of available APIs and is a repository for: Documentation, Example requests and output, Specifications Interactive tools (test client) Terms of use Contact information
Integration Service Catalog, Interface Library
Restarting technology operations after an outage using processes, policies and procedures prepared for recovery or continuation of mission-essential technology infrastructure after a disaster.
These processes are found in a DR Plan. DR is a subset of business continuity and COOP.
The three principal goals of DR are to:
Save data,
Save hardware, software and facilities
Resume critical processes/restore data.
Disaster Recovery, General IT, Infrastructure Management
Disaster Recovery, EA: Application Architecture, EA: Infrastructure Architecture, EA: Security Architecture, Infrastructure
Understanding the relationship between individual attitudes, behaviors, and employment practices - includes equal employment opportunity to ensure equal access and opportunity to anyone who qualifies and affirmative action reporting and practices to create an inclusive work environment
Document Management and workflow
Defines the set of capabilities to support the creation, use, archiving and deletion of unstructured data. This includes the set of capabilities to support the design, generation and maintenance of electronic or physical forms and templates
Technology Business Management, Data Management, EA: Data Architecture, EA: Application Architecture
Defines the set of capabilities to support the transmission of communications over a network. Includes instant messaging
End of Support
The latest date a manufacturer will provide security patches. Some manufacturers have an end of mainstream support date and an extended end-of support date. In these cases, after the end of mainstream support, no additional software feature/function enhancements or fixes are issued but security patches are until the end of extended support. The recommended best practice is to migrate before end of mainstream support.
General IT, Enterprise Architecture, Governance
Policies and Standards, EA: Application Architecture
Enterprise Architecture is an established process for describing the current state and defining the target state and transition strategy for an organization's people, processes, and technology.
Technology Business Management, Enterprise Architecture, Portfolio Management, General IT
Technology Business Management, Portfolio Management, EA: Business Architecture
Enterprise Licenses and Software
Enterprise Licenses and Software includes License Management and Software Distribution; it supports the purchase, upgrade and tracking of legal usage contracts for system software and applications and supports the propagation, installation and upgrade of written computer programs, applications and components.
Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) is the discipline of managing risk throughout an agency. Processes include conducting a risk assessment, identifying root causes of identified risks, prioritizing the risks on an enterprise level, determining which risk treatments best address the root causes, and then monitoring the success of the risk treatments. Treatments can include: Transferring the risk, minimizing the likelihood and/or impact of a negative outcome, and eliminating the activity associated with the risk
Financial Systems, Procurement Systems, EA: Business Architecture
Enterprise Search includes Query capabilities, Precision / Recall Ranking, Classification and Pattern Matching
Technology Business Management, Enterprise Architecture, Business Intelligence, Integration and Interoperability
Technology Business Management, Business Intelligence, EA: Application Architecture, EA: Data Architecture
Physical protection against damage from fire, flood, wind, earthquake, explosion, civil unrest and other forms of natural and man-made risk.
Equivalent Access
Providing users with disabilities with content and interaction that is similar or identical to that provided to users without disabilities, in a form that produces a similar user experience. Users should be provided direct access to the same content unless providing direct access to that content is not possible due to technical or legal limitations.
Executive Sponsor
The senior executive responsible to the agency and the State CIO/OCIO for the project.
Portfolio Management, General IT, Program and Project Management
Portfolio Management, Program and Project Management
Project Management, Oversight
Extensible Markup Language
A simple, very flexible text format derived from SGML. Originally designed to meet the challenges of large-scale electronic publishing, XML is also playing an increasingly important role in the exchange of a wide variety of data on the Web and elsewhere.
Integration, EA: Application Architecture, EA: Data Architecture
Extranet / VPN Connection
Network-level access originating from outside the network. Examples include SSL, IPSec, "terminal service" or Citrix-like connections.
Is the process of copying or moving a file from one computer to another over a network or Internet connection. It enables sharing, transferring or transmitting a file or a logical data object between different users and/or computers both locally and remotely.
File Transfer Protocol with SSL Security
An extension to the FTP protocol that adds Secure Socket Layer (SSL)/Transport Layer Security (TLS)-based mechanisms/capabilities on a standard FTP connection. It mainly enables performing or delivering standard FTP communication on top of an SSL-based security connection. FTPS is also known as FTP Secure.
Integration, Security, EA: Security Architecture, EA: Application Architecture
A Quality Assurance (QA) provider's assessment of the project's use of project management best practices, as well as their assessment of deficiencies or gaps in the application of those best practices that may have an adverse impact on the project. Findings are assumed to require corrective actions.
Portfolio Management, Governance, Program and Project Management
A combination of hardware and software designed to control the types of network connections allowed to a system or combination of systems or that enforces a boundary between 2 or more networks.
Flexible work is an alternative schedule that allows full-time employees to eliminate at least one work day every two weeks by working longer hours during the remaining days, resulting in less commute trips (compressed workweek), or allows the employees some flexibility in starting and ending times outside the agency's normal work hours (flextime) consistent with WAC 357-28-225
A ledger containing the accounts in which are recorded, in detail or in summary, all transactions of the state
General Ledger Reconciliation
The process of correlating one set of records with another set of records and/or a physical inventory count that involves identifying, explaining, and correcting differences
The processes, groups and activities associated with decision making and the exercising of authority.
General IT, Governance
The composite activity of analyzing, recording, summarizing, reporting, and interpreting the financial transactions of a governmental entity
Graph QL
A query language for APIs and a runtime for fulfilling those queries with your existing data. Graph QL provides a complete and understandable description of the data in your API, gives clients the power to ask for exactly what they need and nothing more, makes it easier to evolve APIs over time, and enables powerful developer tools.
A formal complaint filed by a union on behalf of an employee or group of employees alleging a violation, misapplication or misinterpretation of one or more terms of the parties' collective bargaining agreement. Note: Collective bargaining agreements vary and a particular agreement may define this term differently
A guideline is a compilation of best practice offered in support of a policy or standard.
Governance, General IT
Help Desk Services involves the management of a service center to respond to government and contract employees' technical and administrative questions.
The process of onboarding a new employee into Washington state service
The division of an agency or institution focused on activities relating to employees. Activities include recruiting and hiring new employees, growth and development of current employees, employee benefits, workforce planning, and employee retention
Identification and Authentication
Defines the set of capabilities to support the management of permissions for logging onto a computer, application, service, or network; includes user management and role/privilege management. This includes Identification and Authentication for digital signatures
EA: Security Architecture, Technology Business Management, Identity Management
Defines the set of capabilities to provide active response and remediation to a security incident that has allowed unauthorized access to a government information system
EA: Security Architecture, Technology Business Management, Security
Independent Project Quality Assurance
The work of one or more professionals responsible for monitoring and assessing the health and effectiveness of project management plans and processes as well as an overall assessment of a projects's short and longer term risks. To preserve independence, the QA provider(s) report outside the project management organizational structure, generally to the project's Executive Sponsor and the State CIO. In Washington state government, independent Project QA is considered different than product or technical quality assurance which might include testing and other independent verification and validation activities.
Governance, Portfolio Management, Program and Project Management
Oversight, Project Management
Information Discovery
Information Discovery consists of all activities used to obtain information that is not readily obtainable
Technology Business Management, Business Intelligence, EA: Data Architecture, EA: Application Architecture
Information Exchange and Transformation
Information Exchange and Transformation - The tools and systems used to search, link, analyze, share and transport information such as reports or critical mission data. Transformation includes the set of capabilities to support the removal of incorrect or unnecessary characters and data from a data source
Technology Business Management, Integration, Business Intelligence
Information Mapping / Taxonomy / Categorization
Information Mapping/ Taxonomy/ Categorization defines the set of capabilities to support the creation and maintenance of relationships between data entities, naming standards and categorization and allow classification of data and information into specific layers or types to support an organization.
Technology Business Management, Enterprise Architecture, Information Management, Business Intelligence
Technology Business Management, Data Management, Business Intelligence, EA: Application Architecture, EA: Data Architecture, EA: Security Architecture
Per RCW 43.105.020, "Information technology" includes, but is not limited to, all electronic technology systems and services, automated information handling, system design and analysis, conversion of data, computer programming, information storage and retrieval, telecommunications, requisite system controls, simulation, electronic commerce, radio technologies, and all related interactions between people and machines.
Technology Business Management, Governance, Enterprise Architecture, General IT, Information Security
Policies and Standards, Technology Business Management, Portfolio Management, Security
Information Technology (IT) Assets
The processes, procedures, systems, IT infrastructure, data, and communication capabilities that allow each agency to manage, store, and share information in pursuit of its business mission, including but not limited to:
All data typically associated with IT systems regardless of source (agency, partner, customer, citizen, etc.).
All data typically associated with IT systems regardless of the medium on which it resides (disc, tape, flash drive, cell phone, personal digital assistant, etc.).
End-user authentication systems.
Hardware (voice, video, radio transmitters and receivers, mainframes, servers, workstations, personal computers, laptops, and all end point equipment).
Software (operating systems, application software, middleware, microcode).
IT infrastructure (networks, connections, pathways, servers, wireless endpoints).
Services (data processing, telecommunications, office automation, and computerized information systems).
Telecommunications hardware, software, and networks.
Radio frequencies.
Data computing and telecommunications facilities.
Intelligent control systems such as video surveillance, HVAC, and physical security.
General IT, Enterprise Architecture, Information Security, Portfolio Management, Infrastructure Management, Information Management, Technology Business Management, Disaster Recovery
Portfolio Management, EA: Application Architecture, EA: Security Architecture, EA: Data Architecture, EA: Infrastructure Architecture, Security, Technology Business Management, Infrastructure, Disaster Recovery
Information Technology (IT) Infrastructure
IT infrastructure consists of the equipment, systems, software, and services used in common across an organization, regardless of mission/program/project. IT Infrastructure also serves as the foundation upon which mission/program/project-specific systems and capabilities are built. Approaches to provisioning of IT infrastructure vary across organizations, but commonly include capabilities such as Domain Name Server (DNS), Wide Area Network (WAN), and employee locator systems. Additional common capabilities examples include IT security systems, servers, routers, workstations, networked Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems, and networked printers (multifunction devices).
Infrastructure Management, Information Security, Enterprise Architecture, General IT
EA: Infrastructure Architecture, EA: Security Architecture, Security, Infrastructure
Information Technology (IT) Risk Assessment
Risk assessment is a process by which to determine what IT Assets exist that require protection, and to understand and document potential risks from IT security failures that may cause loss of information confidentiality, integrity, or availability. The purpose of a risk assessment is to help management create appropriate strategies and controls for stewardship of information assets.
Enterprise Architecture, Information Security
Information Technology Project Assessment (ITPA)
A tool to assist agencies and the Office of the Chief Information Officer to assess the cost, complexity, and statewide significance of an anticipated information technology project (RCW 43.105.245).
Information Technology System
A computer system or set of components for collecting, creating, storing, processing, and distributing/transmitting information, typically including hardware, infrastructure and software, system users, and the information and/or data itself.
Technology Business Management, EA: Business Architecture
Technology-centric term primarily concerned with connecting IT systems.
General IT, Integration and Interoperability
A flexible architectural pattern that allows for a reuse and reduction in the number of interfaces, reducing and/or eliminating point-to-point integration. A hub also allows for centralization of data and functionality.
Integration Layer
Provides a level of indirection between the consumer of functionality and its provider. A service consumer interacts with the service provider via the Integration Layer. Hence, each service interface is only exposed via the Integration Layer (e.g., ESB), never directly and point-to-point integration is done at the Integration Layer instead of consumers/requestors doing it themselves. Consumers and providers are decoupled; this decoupling allows integration of disparate systems into new solutions.
Integration Service Catalog
Developer Portal, Interface Library
Shared boundary between two functional units, defined by various characteristics pertaining to the functions, physical interconnections, signal exchanges, and other characteristics, as appropriate.
Interface Library
Integration Service Catalog, Developer Portal
Internal System or Network
An IT system or network designed and intended for use only by state of Washington employees, contractors, and business partners.
Enterprise Architecture, Information Security, Infrastructure Management, General IT
EA: Security Architecture, Security, EA: Infrastructure Architecture
A business-centric term regarding the interconnection of business processes. Imply exchanges between a range of products, or similar products from several different vendors, or even between past and future revisions of the same product. Interoperability may be developed post-facto, as a special measure between two products, while excluding the rest, by using Open standards.
General IT, Integration and Interoperability, Enterprise Architecture
Integration, EA: Application Architecture, EA: Business Architecture
Software and/or hardware designed to detect an attack on a network or computer system. A Network IDS (NIDS) is designed to support multiple hosts, whereas a Host IDS (HIDS) is set up to detect illegal actions within the host. Most IDS programs typically use signatures of known cracker attempts to signal an alert. Others look for deviations of the normal routine as indications of an attack.
Intrusion Prevention Systems
Software and/or hardware designed to prevent an attack on a network or computer system. An IPS is a significant step beyond an IDS because it stops the attack from damaging or retrieving data. Whereas an IDS passively monitors traffic by sniffing packets off of a switch port, an IPS resides inline like a firewall, intercepting and forwarding packets. It can thus block attacks in real time.
Security, EA: Security Architecture
Supervision and management of the supply, storage, and accessibility of items held in inventory to ensure an adequate supply of available material without excessive oversupply, back orders or stock outages
Inventory costs represent a substantial portion of the total cost of ownership for many organizations. Proper inventory management requires an investment of time and resources. Carrying insufficient inventory may have adverse mission impacts or consequences. Carrying too much inventory ties up capital, is usually inefficient, requires extra storage space, and for items with a limited shelf life may lead to costly disposal actions
Defines the set of capabilities to receive and track user-reported issues and problems in using IT systems, including help desk calls
IT Expenditures
Within the TBM Program, the source financial information used for identifying IT expenditures is from the statewide Agency Financial Reporting System (AFRS) and based on these components:
New IT acquisitions (coded in AFRS as Project Type X)
IT maintenance and operations (coded in AFRS as Project Type Y)
Data processing services (AFRS Sub-Object EL)
NOTE: AFRS Sub-Object EL is defined in the OFM State Administrative and Accounting Manual (SAAM) 75.70.20 as "Charges by state agencies for information technology services. Examples include computing services, hosting services, network services, web services, statewide systems (AFRS, HRMS, etc.), and planning and policy assessment by agencies such as the Department Enterprise Services, the Office of Financial Management, Office of the Chief Information Officer and Consolidated Technology Services."
IT Infrastructure Maintenance
IT Infrastructure Maintenance involves the planning, design, and maintenance of an IT Infrastructure to effectively support automated needs (i.e. platforms, networks, servers, printers, etc.).
Technology Business Management, Enterprise Architecture, Infrastructure Management
EA: Infrastructure Architecture, Technology Business Management, Infrastructure
IT Resource Tower
IT Resource Towers (ITRT) are functional IT groupings that can be used to benchmark to industry. They can be split into more granular ITRT Sub-Towers to gain visibility into specific functions within a tower. They also map up to utilization data in Accelerators, as well as to Applications and Services. The translation of financial information into functional IT towers (ITRTs) involves mapping from Cost Centers, and combining GL, Labor and Asset allocations.
IT Strategy and Innovation
IT Strategy and Innovation includes all activities outside of normal Strategic Planning that focus on trying new approaches, new systems and thinking about/ planning IT investments in different ways.
Technology Business Management, Enterprise Architecture, Portfolio Management
IT System Development / Integration Support
IT System Development / Integration Support includes the software services enabling elements of distributed business applications to interoperate and the software development necessary to facilitate such integration. These elements can share function, content, and communications across heterogeneous computing environments
Technology Business Management, Enterprise Architecture, Integration and Interoperability
Technology Business Management, Integration, EA: Application Architecture
JavaScript Object Notation
A lightweight data-interchange format. It is a language independent text format that is easy for humans to read and write. It is easy for machines to parse and generate.
A form submitted to a potential employer by a potential employee to collect basic information about the applicant such as employment history, education, training, and contact information
A method of identifying and defining job duties and responsibilities
Defines the set of capabilities to facilitate collection of data and information
Technology Business Management, Business Intelligence, EA: Data Architecture
Knowledge Distribution and Delivery
Defines the set of capabilities to support the transfer of knowledge to the end customer.
Leveraging
Leveraging – to take advantage of existing RF infrastructure, systems, services or equipment, provided there is no impact.
Life Cycle Replacement
Life Cycle Replacement is the replacement of a product that is at the end of it service life, or is no longer supported, or no longer meets the business need of the agency.
Major IT Project
A project subject to State CIO/OCIO oversight based on risk/severity assessment, a statute or some other factor as determined by the State CIO.
General IT, Portfolio Management, Program and Project Management
Software (such as a Trojan horse) that appears to perform a useful or desirable function, but actually gains unauthorized access to system resources or tricks a user into executing other malicious logic.
Securing Information Technology Assets, Securing Information Technology Assets Standards
A general term coined for all forms malicious software including but limited to computer viruses, worms, Trojan horses, most rootkits, spyware, dishonest adware, crimeware and other malicious and unwanted software.
The process of preparing management reports and accounts that provide accurate and timely financial and statistical information required by managers to make day-to-day and short-term decisions. Unlike financial accounting, which produces annual reports mainly for external stakeholders, management accounting generates monthly or weekly reports for an organization's internal audiences such as department managers and the chief executive officer. These reports typically show the amount of available cash, sales revenue generated, amount of orders in hand, state of accounts payable and accounts receivable, outstanding debts, raw material and inventory, and may also include trend charts, variance analysis, and other statistics
Mapping / Geospatial
Provide for the representation of mapping and geospatial information through the use of attributes such as zip code, country code, elevation, natural features and other spatial measures
Technology Business Management, Enterprise Architecture, General IT
Meta Data Management
Support the maintenance and administration of data that describes data
Mobile is a subscriber that is typically installed in a motor vehicle.
Any hand-portable device capable of text, voice, email, instant messaging ("IM"), photo messaging or other types of data communication. This policy is not meant to apply to: cars, boats, airplanes, laptop computers, desktop computers, unpiloted aerial vehicles (drones), gps receivers, radios
General IT, Information Security, Infrastructure Management, Enterprise Architecture
EA: Application Architecture, EA: Infrastructure Architecture, EA: Security Architecture, Infrastructure, Accessibility
Securing Information Technology Assets, Securing Information Technology Assets Standards, Accessibility, Mobile Device Usage
Modernization Efforts
Modernization Efforts is the upgrading of communications equipment that is obsolete or can no longer meet the business needs.
Modularity refers to the extent to which a software/Web application may be divided into smaller modules. Software modularity indicates that the number of application modules are capable of serving a specified business domain. Allows typical applications to be divided into modules, as well as integration with similar modules, which helps developers use prewritten code. Modules are divided based on functionality, and programmers are not involved with the functionalities of other modules. Thus, new functionalities may be easily programmed in separate modules. It is a practical application of the principle of "Separation of Concerns" by dividing a complex system into simpler and more manageable modules that will work together Modularization can take place in two ways: The Composition or bottom-up approach takes modules and puts them together to form a larger system The alternative approach is to take a complete system and decompose it into its modules. This approach is known as the decomposition or top-down approach. Modules are technically connected to one another. The measure of inter-module relation is known as coupling. Design goals require modules to have low-coupling and high cohesion. Cohesion is a measure of the inter-relatedness of elements (statements, procedures, declarations) within a module. A module is said to have high cohesion if all the elements in the module are strongly connected with one another. Tight coupling of modules makes analysis, understanding, modification and testing of modules difficult. Reuse of modules is also hindered. Modularity enhances the understandability of software systems and change process. Developers need not have to understand the entire system for changes to be made as details are localized into components; modularity separates concerns down to the modules and is thus a direct realization of the principle of "Separation of Concerns"
A security system or mechanism in which more than one form of authentication is implemented to verify the legitimacy of a transaction. In contrast, single factor authentication involves only a UserID/password.
In 2-factor authentication, the user provides dual means of identification, one of which is typically a physical token, such as a card, and the other of which is typically something memorized, such as a security code.
Additional authentication methods that can be used in MFA include biometric verification such as keyboard cadence, finger scanning, iris recognition, facial recognition and voice ID. In addition to these methods, device identification software, smart cards, and other electronic devices can be used along with the traditional UserID and password.
A device available to other computers on a network. Examples include servers, firewalls, routers, switches, workstations, networked Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems, and networked printers (multifunction devices).
Infrastructure Management, Information Security, Enterprise Architecture
An open source specification to define a standard, language-agnostic interface to REST APIs which allows both humans and computers to discover and understand the capabilities of the service without access to source code, documentation, or through network traffic inspection. When properly defined, a consumer can understand and interact with the remote service with a minimal amount of implementation logic.
The administration of employee compensation and benefits on a scheduled basis through a centralized payment system
A deliberate probe of a network or system to discover security weaknesses. The test attempts to leverage identified weaknesses to penetrate into the organization. The test exploits the vulnerabilities uncovered during a vulnerability assessment to avoid false positives often reported by automated assessment tools.
A systematic process of objectively obtaining and evaluating evidence regarding the performance of an organization, program, function, or activity. Evaluation is made in terms of its economy and efficiency of operations and effectiveness in achieving desired goals. The performance audit function provides an independent review of management's performance and the degree to which actual performance meets pre-stated goals
Financial Systems, Procurement Systems, Human Resource Systems, EA: Business Architecture
Performance Budgeting
The act of considering and making funding choices based on desired outcomes. Performance budgeting focuses on the results to be gained through investment decisions.
Financial Systems, Budgeting Systems, EA: Business Architecture
Physical security describes measures that prevent or deter attackers from accessing a facility, resource, or information stored on physical media in an IT facility.
Analysis and evaluation of the ways in which material requirements can be met using a life cycle management approach
Procurement Systems
A technology policy outlines what needs to be accomplished or achieved and the roles and responsibilities of the various entities.
Portable is a subscriber that is typically used as a handheld device.
Defines the set of capabilities to support the administration of a group of investments held by an organization
Practicable - to be done successfully without complications.
Process Tracking
Defines the set of capabilities to manage business processes, including business process mapping, remapping, reengineering, and business process improvement efforts
The process of obtaining or buying goods and services consistent with RCW 39.26 with the intent to Purchase. Purchasing, renting, leasing, or otherwise acquiring any supplies or services; includes all functions that pertain to the acquisition, including description of requirements, selection, and solicitation of sources, preparation and award of contract, and all phases of contract administration. The combined functions of purchasing, inventory control, traffic and transportation, receiving, inspection, storekeeping, salvage, and disposal operations
Procurement Activities
Procurement Activities are the processes to purchase/acquire RF System components to include infrastructure, subscribers, accessories, hardware and or services to support operations.
Defines the set of capabilities to manage and control a particular effort of an organization. This includes intra-agency work.
Project 25 (P25) is a suite of standards for digital mobile radio communications designed for use by public safety organizations in North America. P25 radios are a direct replacement for analog UHF (example FM) radios but add the ability to transfer data as well as voice.
The acquisition of goods or services, including the leasing or renting of goods
Quality Assurance Plan
A document that describes how the QA Practitioner will deliver its service.
Quality Assurance Solicitation
A Request for Proposal, a Request for Quote and Qualification, an interagency agreement proposal or an agency recruitment or any other effort that is intended to result in the acquisition or hire of a QA resource.
Radio Frequency [RF]
A frequency or band of frequencies in the range suitable for use in telecommunications.
The QA Practitioners suggested course of action to address a negative finding.
Recovery Point Objective
The point in time, prior to a disruption or outage, to which essential data can be recovered after an outage. This defines the maximum level of data loss that is acceptable in the event of an outage or incident.
Recovery Time Objective
The period of time following an event within which a service or activity must be resumed or a technology resource recovered.
The process of finding and hiring the best-qualified candidate (from within or outside of an organization) for a job opening in a timely and cost effective manner. The recruitment process includes analyzing the requirements of a job, attracting employees to that job, screening and selecting applicants, hiring, and integrating the new employee to the organization - recruitment measures include tracking time to hire/fill, candidate quality, and applicant satisfaction
Repeater is the RF communications equipment rebroadcasts a received signal to extend line of site communications.
Representational State Transfer API
A distributed system framework that uses Web protocols and technology. The REST architecture involves client and server interactions build around the transfer of resources. Systems that conform to REST principles are referred to as RESTful.
The capability of remaining or returning to a normal situation after an event by having multiple ways of performing a function. This may include people, processes or technology. Generally speaking, this means there would be no single point of failure that could stop a process.
Disaster Recovery, Enterprise Architecture, Infrastructure Management
Disaster Recovery, EA: Application Architecture, EA: Infrastructure Architecture, EA: Security Architecture, Infrastructure, Security
Separation of an employee who meets the age and service requirements to receive retirement benefits and has filed an application for retirement with the Department of Retirement Systems - includes tracking and/or managing an employee's retirement eligibility status throughout the life cycle of an employee's career
RF Communications
Radio Frequency (RF) Communications is the use of electromagnetic radiation spectrum or radio waves, with the use of transmitter, receivers, and antennas for voice communications.
RF Communications Assets
Radio Frequency (RF) Communications Assets are the support equipment that can be shared without impacting the business need or security of an agency.
RF Communications Building
Radio Frequency (RF) Communications Building is the building or location used for the RF communications, RF Equipment, Infrastructure or other RF Communications assets that support RF Communications.
RF Communications Site
Radio Frequency (RF) Communications Site is the location of RF communications towers, buildings, RF infrastructure and equipment use to provide RF Communications.
RF Communications Technology
Radio Frequency (RF) Communications Technology is the devices and or systems designed to operate in the radio frequency (RF) spectrum, transmits and/or receives a radio wave, which includes but is not limited to, mobile/wireless phones, broadcast radio/television, Wi-Fi, microwave, blue-tooth and two-way radios systems and equipment.
RF Communications Tower
Radio Frequency (RF) Communications Tower is the antenna support structure to support RF equipment or infrastructure.
Radio Frequency (RF) Equipment includes transmitters, receivers, base stations, and repeaters used for RF Communications.
RF Infrastructure
Radio Frequency (RF) Infrastructure is the support equipment needed to provide RF Communications.
RF Services
Radio Frequency (RF) Services are the activities provided or performed by owner/operator, vendor, consultant to support RF systems, involving installation, removal, maintenance, repair, tuning, programming, licensing, administration, and operations supporting the task, activities, and or mission of the owner/operator, and other approved users.
Radio Frequency (RF) Systems is the system that emits and or receives radio waves of varying wavelengths between approximately one meter and one millimeter used for radio, radar, and microwave communications to convey/transport/interpret audio, video, and data information.
Routine Maintenance is the normal maintenance of RF Equipment, Infrastructure, Assets, Buildings, Towers, Systems, Trunked Radio Systems, or Subscribers that has been established by the equipment manufacture or agency to ensure availability of RF communications during day-to-day operations as well as an emergency.
The days and hours an employee is scheduled to work
Human Resource Systems, Procurement Systems, EA: Business Architecture
Secure File Transfer Protocol (SFTP) (FTP over SSH)
A secure version of File Transfer Protocol (FTP), which facilitates data access and data transfer over a Secure Shell (SSH) data stream. It is part of the SSH Protocol. This term is also known as SSH File Transfer Protocol.
Information Security, Integration and Interoperability, Enterprise Architecture
Integration, Security, EA: Application Architecture, EA: Security Architecture
Secure Segmentation
Secure segmentation is defined as implementing methods that allow for secure communication between various levels of segmented environments. These environments typically involve 4 basic segment groups:
Outside (Trust no one)
Services (Trust limited to defined segmentation lines)
Internal (Trust limited to defined group)
External users (Trust limited to defined group)
The methods for securing these segments may include but are not limited to firewall and switch/router configurations and router/switch ACLs.
The security requirements and methods applied by agencies to manage IT security risk including but not limited those defined in the OCIO IT security standards.
Security Domain
An environment or context that is defined by security policy, a security model, or security architecture to include a set of system resources and the set of system entities that have the right to access the resources.
Security Requirements at a minimum: technical, electronic, physical, and administrative processes to prevent cyber, physical, and or unauthorized access to RF systems infrastructure, frequency, and operations.
Separation / Termination
The voluntary or involuntary act of leaving Washington State service
Service Consumer (Consumer)
A requestor that consumes or uses an automated IT Service provided by a Service Provider. Entities (systems, people, and organizations) that needs to make use of services offered by providers.
An unplanned event that causes an information system to be inoperable for a period of time.
Customer Support, Disaster Recovery
Service Metadata
Computer application readable description of capabilities, requirements, general characteristics, abstract message operations, concrete network protocols, endpoint addresses, and structure and content of messages received by and sent by the service.
Service Orchestration
The coordination and arrangement of multiple services exposed as a single aggregate service. Developers utilize service orchestration to support the automation of business processes by loosely coupling services across different applications and enterprises and creating "second-generation," composite applications. In other words, service orchestration is the combination of service interactions to create higher-level business services.
Style of software design where services are provided to the other components by application components, through a communication protocol over a network. The basic principles of service-oriented architecture are independent of vendors, products and technologies. A service is a discrete unit of functionality that can be accessed remotely and acted upon and updated independently, such as retrieving a credit card statement online. According to TOGAF, under the terms of an SOA, a service has four properties: It logically represents a business activity with a specified outcome. It is self-contained. It is a black box for its consumers. It may consist of other underlying services.
Service Providers (Provider)
Entities (systems, people, and organizations) that offer capabilities and act as service providers. An authoritative/trusted organization that offers an automated IT Service to a Service Consumer by means of one of its Provided Service Interfaces.
Service Reusability
A service-oriented architecture design principle for creating services that can be used for business purposes beyond those initially specified in requirements. Reusable services are designed so their solution logic is independent of any particular business process or technology.
Significant – Any RF Communication purchase that requires an appropriation request, or will impact interoperability, or impact an outside agency, or is not considered routine maintenance, or purchases exceed policy defined limits.
Simple Object Access Protocol API
A protocol for implementing Web Services. SOAP features guidelines that allow communication via the Internet between two programs, even if they run on different platforms, use different technologies and are written in different programming languages.
SMART Objectives
SMART is a mnemonic for Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant and Time bound. These characteristics are helpful to remember when identifying project objectives.
Governance, Portfolio Management
SOA Backplane
Shared, common infrastructure for lifecycle management such as a services registry, policies, business analytics; routing/addressing, quality of service, communication; Development Tools for security, management, and adapters.
SOA-based Services
Modular, swappable functions, separate from, yet connected to an application via well-defined interfaces to provide agility. Often referred to as 'services' they: Perform granular business functions such as "get customer address" or larger ones such as 'process payment.' Are loosely coupled to a new or existing application. Have capability to perform the steps, tasks and activities of one or more business processes. Can be combined to perform a set of functions - referred to as 'orchestration.'
A standard provides more details about how a policy or portions of policy will be implemented.
Start of a Project
For the purposes of project investment, approval, oversight and quality assurance, the start of the project is at the beginning of planning.
Strategic workforce planning looks at system-wide issues and strategies to: Support the organization's strategic plan (e.g., reorganization and redeployment) Address external workforce factors that affect the entire business (e.g., succession planning for retirement bubbles, or staff reduction planning for budget cuts). Maintain organizational capacity (e.g., in-service training) Mitigate risk exposure (e.g., safety planning and Equal Employment Opportunity training)
Subscriber is the RF communications equipment that is utilized by the end user to access a Two-way Radio or Trunked Radio System.
Substantially Enhanced
Substantially Enhanced is the system whose equipment and or software has been replaced or upgraded with later generation or versions, and whose operations have been changed with advanced features not included in the original system specifications.
Substantially Modified
Substantially Modified is the system whose equipment and or software has been replaced or upgraded with later generation or versions, but whose operations has not been changed from its original operating specifications.
The specific staffing strategies designed to develop an internal pool for anticipated vacancies
A mandatory periodic review of a technical policy and standard that:
Determines the continued need for the policy or standard, and
Evaluates the full content of the policy or standard for accuracy, clarity and completeness.
Sunset reviews may occur ahead of the published sunset review date if needed.
Supporting Organization(s) Processes
For the purpose of go live readiness, supporting organizations include the agency(s) and any vendor(s) who are involved in operations and support of the ongoing system/investment. Processes include any unique to the time immediately after go-live as well as those on-going processes required to effectively operate and maintain the system/investment once it is implemented into production.
Program and Project Management, Enterprise Architecture, Portfolio Management
EA: Business Architecture, Program and Project Management, Portfolio Management
Go Live Readiness
System and Network Monitoring
System and Network Monitoring supports all activities related to the realtime monitoring of systems and networks for optimal performance.
Technology Business Management, EA: Infrastructure Architecture
System Resource Usage
Support the balance and allocation of memory, usage, disk space and performance on computers and their applications.
Technology Business Management, EA: Application Architecture, EA: Infrastructure Architecture
Tactical Repeater
Tactical Repeater is a repeater that is use for tactical and sometime secured communications.
TBM Project
This term, as used in TBM policy and accompanying standards is defined per our current TBM product. A 'project' is a discrete area within the product in which datasets, models, metrics and reports reside; these are configured according to specific business rules defined by the project administrator. Agency-specific projects allow for greater reporting accuracy than the multi-agency project, which allows less granularity and customization of business rules.
A set of best practices for running IT like a business - and more importantly for effectively and consistently (using a data-driven agreed upon framework) communicating not just the cost of IT, but also attributing that cost to business services. Key to TBM is the ability of IT and business leaders to have data-driven discussions about cost and value of IT to best support business goals.
Telework is the practice of working from home or other alternative locations closer to home through the use of technology which allows the employee to access normal work material (email, telephone, electronic documents, etc.). Telework may be scheduled or done on an ad hoc basis.
Threat and Vulnerability Management involves all functions pertaining to the protection of federal information and information systems from unauthorized access, use, disclosure, disruptions, modification, or destruction, as well as the creation and implementation of security policies, procedures and controls. It includes all risk and controls tracking for IT systems.
The process of submitting, approving, and adjusting an employee's work hours and planned/unplanned leave hours
Total Project Cost
The total project cost, also known as the comblined level of efffort, includes all associated costs, from planning through closeout, of state, vendor, or both, in order to purchase, acquire, gather and document requirements, design, develop or configure, plan or conduct testing, and complete implementation of the project.
Combined Level of Effort, Project Cost
Training is activities designed to develop employees' job-related knowledge and skills for present job assignments as well as future career development goals. The enterprise level administrative function is the maintenance of training records for state employees.
Activities associated with planning, preparing, and monitoring of business related travel for an organization's employees
Human Resource Systems, Financial Systems, EA: Business Architecture
Trunked Radio System
Trunked Radio System -is the RF system that uses multiple sites or locations with 3 or more radio channels to allow multiple talk groups to communicate over a large area independently.
Trusted Agency, System or Network
An IT system or network that is recognized automatically as reliable, truthful, and accurate without continual validation or testing.
Two-way Radio is a device that can transmit and receive.
Undue Burden
Undue burden means significant and unreasonable difficulty or expense. In determining whether an action would result in an undue burden, an agency shall consider all agency resources available to the program or component for which the covered technology is being developed, procured, maintained, or used.
Accessibility, EA: Application Architecture
Untrusted
Characterized by absence of trusted status. Assumed to be unreliable, untruthful, and inaccurate unless proven otherwise.
The management of an entity selling a good or service to the State. Vendors include, but are not limited to, retail businesses, consultants, contractors, manufacturers, credit card companies. A vendor may be an individual, corporation, non-profit organization, federal government, or federal agency, local government or local agency, another state or another state agency, a Washington state agency, or Indian nation. For travel reimbursement purposes, a vendor may include an employee, a board member, or volunteer
Voice Communications
Defines the set of capabilities to provide telephony or other voice communications
Relates to risk of attack. In IT terms, vulnerability describes points of risk to penetration of security barriers. Awareness of potential vulnerability is very important to designing ever more effective defenses against attack by unauthorized parties.
A comprehensive analysis that attempts to define, identify, and classify the security holes (vulnerabilities) in a system, network, or communications infrastructure within the assessment scope.
Web Infrastructure
Web Infrastructure includes equipment/services to support delivery of services over the Internet or similar networks. These include supporting: Network Services which consists of protocols defining the format and structure of data and information either accessed from a directory or exchanged through communications; Service Transport which consists of protocols defining the format and structure of data and information either accessed from a directory or exchanged through communications.
A software service used to communication between two devices on a network. More specifically, a Web service is a software application with a standardized way of providing interoperability between disparate applications. It does so over HTTP using technologies such as XML, SOAP, WSDL, and UDDI.
Web Services Description Language
An XML format for describing network services as a set of endpoints operating on messages containing either document-oriented or procedure-oriented information. The operations and messages are described abstractly, and then bound to a concrete network protocol and message format to define an endpoint.
Web Services Federation Language
An OASIS specification that defines mechanisms to allow different security realms to federate, such that authorized access to resources managed in one realm can be provided to security principles whose identities and attributes are managed in other realms. This includes mechanisms for brokering of identity, attribute, authentication and authorization assertions between realms, and privacy of federated claims.
Web Services Security
An OASIS specification that proposes a standard set of SOAP extensions that can be used when building secure Web services to implement message content integrity and confidentiality.
Enterprise Architecture, Information Security, Integration and Interoperability
Wellness and Safety Information
Ensuring the safety and health of employees within the workplace
An ad hoc or standing group of subject matter experts who support the development and maintenance of policies, standards and/or guidelines.


text:
Home | Shop | Books | As it was in the Glen – with CD
As it was in the Glen – with CD
As it was in The Glen is written in both Gaelic and English and includes a CD as well.
"Gaelic singer Rod MacNeil lives at his farm in the secluded Barra Glen, near Iona, Cape Breton. Roddy C. has been collecting songs for many years, focusing on rare songs amd melodies such as those from the Christmas Island composer Hugh MacKenzie. The record is an accomplishment to a (this) new book of Gaelic songs that are descriptive of the community of Roddy C's youth. The subjects range from the serious to the humorous and describe rare events such as the passing of the famous 'Hindenburg' Zeppelin over Grand Narrows, Cape Breton, in 1936.
Fonn – The Campbells of Greepe
Music and a Sense of Place in a Gaelic Family Song Tradition.
Buddy MacMaster – The Judique Fiddler
A book about the life of fiddler Buddy MacMaster.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


At last year's designMarch I was introduced to NORR11, a Scandinavian design and lifestyle brand for furniture and home accessories. I love their brandstore in Reykjavik, and despite the snow and hail I had to bring a quick visit to the store to see the new collection and the exhibition 'Greykjavik S igga Odds' invluding the huge graffiti artwork by Siggi Odds in collaboration with reporting matters Reykjavik at the courtyard.
Back to NORR11 and please also have a look at last years post if you like the brand, to see those amazing vases here. Founded in 2011 as a German-Danish start up their furniture and lamps are clearly characterized by modern Scandinavian design, but at the same time include classical Bauhaus elements. By contrast, the shapes and materials of NORR11 accessories have Asian roots and as such add some color and dynamics to their collection.
This week it's all about Icelandic designers and design discovered at this years DesignMarch. Check out more coverage of DesignMarch 2016//2015 via #DesignMarch or have a look at my DesignMarch Pinterest album.


Ensure both you and your staff through the use of a specialist alarm response & Keyholding Company to provide Keyholding and caution reaction administrations. Finding a reliable keyholder is really a necessary bit of maintaining a highly effective business. An growing quantity of organizations knows the dangers associated with getting their very own particular employees like a keyholder. Considering this, more organizations are outsourcing in order to select to cope with this danger their key holding for an expert security organization. For those who have business premises which hold lucrative sources, you'll need twenty-four hours a day security precautionary measures to make sure against any undesirable criminal action. An autonomous administration gives little bit of psyche like a qualified office can be obtained to return to operate day in and day trip.
Probably the most broadly recognized prerequisite for getting a vital holding administration is to visit from hour's alert actuations. These alert actuations are not only badly arranged (As they possibly can happen whenever) yet even more vitally you'll be not able to visit, contingent upon individual conditions as well as your area. Hence, numerous substantial organizations put sources right into a key holding administration because it provides a bolster system which can turn to alert enactments, in addition to cope with any undesirable situations, including criminal action. In the point when choosing a Keyholding Aylesbury administration accomplice, recall the section of their base as getting as quick reaction is among the benefits of outsourcing to such operators. Endless way to obtain an interloper caution, a transportable watch officer who'll lead a complete inquiry of your dwelling making appropriate move is going to be sent. This method for you to have peaceful sleep throughout the nights as you won't be disturbed with false sensors radiated at the business premise or perhaps at homes.
It's awful getting a reminder framework that does not trigger an effective reaction when passed. Neither among the as mortgage holder, entrepreneur nor a staff ought to put themselves at danger, as keyholders unavoidably do every time they visit a property considering the alert sounding. Electronic security alert framework is simply on the componen using the Burglar Alarm response Banbury administrations that bolster it. Within the situation of the pressure or crisis reaction this really is significantly more urgent! Then when your caution actuates and also you oblige somebody to visit your website, it is important that the Alarm Response Company has got the capacity react quickly and expertly. Security's Alarm Response models record a portion from the fastest reaction occasions accessible.
By enlisting a burglar watchman organization to guide this administration for you personally, you may likewise be capable to diminish your protection premiums when you are taking safety measures to guarantee the business, premises and sources against criminal movement. When you've got a business with numerous or high esteem sources, conduct research into the benefits of searching in order to possess a Keyholding Aylesbury administration at organizations that actually work inside your business area.


text:
ARA PROJECT 2014-2018
ARA is the goddess of tears. Her name has various meanings including "ocean" and"eye." Her tears flow down and become rivers and oceans, they drift up and become stars shining in the Milky Way. Each tear memorializes a story, evoking sadness, love, desperation, and hope. I am inspired by the power of ancient myths. Why do we need myth? Myth connects us to our land and to each other. Myths connect us through time and space. From our homelands to new lands. From ancestor time to the present. Shining a light on how we may continue to the future. All over the world the connection of original peoples to their land is being lost and with that disappear myths and rituals. Through this process of modernization, we lose a body of wisdom accumulated over millennia that served as a blueprint of how to protect and sustain the environment. ARA is how people empower themselves through their stories. Stories as medicine. My vision is to turn people's stories into highly collaborative community art rituals. To create new myth that connects us to our new lands and our new, urbanvillages/communities that we live in.
This performance ritual calls in the myths that connect us to our lands, to nature, our common history, and belief systems. We are guided by a vision to shed patriarchal colonial rule which this country was built on and still permeates the world with great oppression and coinciding grief. Through ritual-making, myth, history and our cultures connect us through space and time. From our ancestral homelands to here. From past to future. Myth shines a light on how we may continue into the future and heal fractured relationships from the echo of repeated history that we live now. What we can do, as human beings, in this world is to gather and share our stories, which have been passed down from our ancestors, and create/perform rituals to connect, inspire and heal.
MAGO is the creator goddess in ancient Korean mythology, central to the practice of mudang. The legend of Mago outlines this piece, which aims to express the interconnectedness of dreams and reality, past and present lives, karma and destiny, microcosm and macrocosm. Through an exploration of the myth of Mago and Dohee's own story, the piece unfolds in six chapters, revealing this interconnectedness and its implications in one's life. The work itself is an intensely personal journey of birth, self-discovery, confrontation, action, and re-birth.
The Inspiration for ARA Ritual I, II: Waterways and Time Weaves is Theresa Hak Kyung Cha, a Korean immigrant woman who came as a child with her family to the U.S., settling in San Francisco in 1964, after the Korean War. She moved to New York to pursue her art in 1980 and by 1982, she was taken from us, raped and murdered, a week after the release of her autobiographical work, Dictee. She was 31 years old. The Cha family lived through the most intense historical time in Korea right after the war: dictatorship, student uprisings, rapid industrialization, and then moved to the U.S. in the midst of the civil rights movement and the Vietnam War. Through her work, these histories weave into present time. The same struggles for civil rights, equality, justice, rights of expression, women's rights, immigrant rights and refugee experience are still present and affect our lives. The inspiration of Cha continues on with our final ARA Ritual III: Waterways, Time Weaves through CoRazOn, The Bay Area Bhutanese Youth Group and Puri Arts Creative Ensemble. We have cultivated and integrated our stories as an offering for the ancestors who brought us here to exist and to remember their stories. Their stories through our voices are essential for creating and cultivating strength and hope.
ARA Ritual I-III has been guided by the spirits of Mago, Ara, Obangshinjang, Baridaegi, Ogoo, Theresa Hak Kyung Cha and all collaborator's ancestors. This performance ritual is dedicated to them, our ancestors, and all immigrant and refugee people who still endure so much hardship, to their lives, hopes and to justice. And to all people who died fighting for justice from the past into present time.
Dead words,
dead Tongue.
Buried in Time's Memory.
Unemployed.
Unspoken.
Past.
From DICTEE
by Theresa Hak Kyung Cha
Not only is this project sharing the concept of human from the depth of ancient myth, but also it tells about the world through micro place (energy/spiritual infrastructure of the world) and macro-world (the perceivable world). I always believe in art which has great strength to access and convey the vital messages into the micro and macro ways of the world.
Community workshops are the key to this project. ARA workshops combine music and movement exploration with drawing and writing. Workshop inquiry will explore how home connects to the body (physical, emotional, imaginary) and the world (land, ocean, universe). We will explore how this creates belief systems. To reveal these connections, we follow the waterways through our ancestral lineage to research what has happened to the people and the land there. What stories, myth and rituals have been created? Where have we come from and what remains? How do we carry ancestral trauma into the world we live in today?
Photography by Pak Han


Weekly Ocean City Real Estate Market Report for the week of March 21 – March 27.
Thirty-eight properties came on the market last week in Ocean City Maryland with an average list price of $356,100.
Last week thirty-one properties went under contract in Ocean City Maryland. The average time on market before going pending was 3.1 months. The average list price of these properties was $302,000. Fifteen properties where on the market 30 days or less.
Twenty-five properties sold last week in Ocean City with an average sales price of $307,200. The average time on market was 9.8 months and they sold for 95.6% of the list price.
Currently, there are 760 active listings in Ocean City, which includes condos, single family houses, townhomes and duplexes. Short Sales and foreclosures in Ocean City make up .9% of available residential properties. Mortgage rates were around 4.125% on a 30 year fixed conventional loan.
Information compiled by Kennington Realty Inc. is deemed to be reliable but is not guaranteed © 2016 MLS and FBS. Based on information from the Coastal Association of Realtors® for the period 3/21/19 through 3/27/18.


text:
IBM aims for personalized medicine with DNA chip
IBM's research effort proposes to map genetic code in minutes at a cost of between $100 and $1,000
Agam Shah (IDG News Service)
IBM aims to expand the life span of humans by developing a chip that could make personalized medicine affordable and quick, a company researcher said on Tuesday.
The company plans to develop a chip that can quickly map out genetic code contained within the biological structures of organisms. The chip will try to understand genetic code by sequencing strands of DNA -- the basic building block of life -- to help individualize courses of medical treatment for patients, said Gustavo Stolovitzky, a scientist and manager of functional genomics at IBM Research.
IBM hopes the genome reader will be able to map out genetic code in a matter of minutes at a cost of between US$100 and $1,000, he said.
"People will not die ... of side effects (from inappropriate drugs), or we will know a little bit better how to adapt their lifestyles to their genetic makeup," Stolovitzky said. "Nobody wants to be treated as an average patient. Everybody wants to be treated as an individual patient."
Understanding the genetic code by reading DNA will aid in precisely detecting diseases and improving the quality of treatment offered to patients, Stolovitzky said.
The genome reader is being designed as a silicon chip in which DNA is threaded through a pore in the chip and its characteristics are read out sequentially. The chip has tiny electrodes to produce electrical fields that can trap negatively charged DNA molecules, after which the chip will measure and sequence the DNA. Components integrated into the chip include chemical, physical and atomic layers that aid in evaluating the molecules and sequencing the genetic composition. A microprocessor, most likely residing outside the chip, would also be needed for DNA sequencing.
The DNA-reading chip might also be used for other biotechnology applications that involve sequencing human, animal, bacterial and vegetable DNA, Stolovitzky said.
Ultimately, the company aims to shrink the chip for use in handheld medical devices with which patients can deposit a sample to get their DNA read in a matter of seconds or minutes. The device could be much like a glucose meter, in which users deposit a drop of blood and the device shows the blood-sugar levels in a matter of seconds, Stolovitzky said.
Building the chip is the first step, and IBM will continue its DNA research to help the chip accurately map genetic code.
"We're in a process in which we will have milestones ... [over] three years. At the end of three years we will know if it's feasible or not," Stolovitzky said.
He couldn't predict when the technology would be commercially available. But if it does become available, it could be provided to patients through doctor's offices or in handheld medical devices. Such DNA sequencers could eliminate sequences of lab tests that currently last weeks, he said.
IBM's research would represent an advancement over earlier genome-sequencing efforts that were costly and took years to accomplish. The first-ever genetic sequencing program, the Human Genome Project, was completed in 2003 after 13 years of effort at a cost of $3 billion. The research project was funded primarily by the U.S. Department of Energy and the National Institutes of Health.
The genetic sequencing effort brings together IBM's nanotechnology and research surrounding multiple scientific disciplines. IBM has embarked on other DNA research efforts, including an experiment to use DNA as a way to create tiny circuits, a project unrelated to the genomic reader.
About PC World
Privacy Policy [Updated 13 Sep 19]
PC World Member Centre
IDG Sites: PC World | GoodGearGuide | Computerworld Australia | CIO Australia | CSO Online | ARN | CIO Executive Council


text:
Capitals rock rookie goalie Hart for road win over Flyers
Brett Connolly
By Adam Zielonka - The Washington Times - Thursday, March 14, 2019
PHILADELPHIA — If Gritty the mascot gave the Philadelphia Flyers a new identity off the ice this season, Carter Hart is becoming their new identity on it.
The franchise has long sought stability between the pipes, and Hart — who won eight straight starts during the winter to boost Philadelphia into the playoff race — is one promising goalie of the future.
But Hart is still a 20-year-old rookie, susceptible to poor outings or surprises from unlikely adversaries. On Thursday night, Brett Connolly was the Washington Capital who had Hart's number.
Connolly gave the Capitals two goals and an assist on their way to a 5-2 win in Philadelphia that kept them in first place in the Metropolitan Division for the night.
Lars Eller, Tom Wilson and Evgeny Kuznetsov also scored, and Braden Holtby stopped 22 shots.
Washington (42-22-7) peppered Hart with 32 shots on goal, of which Hart saved 27. To the rookie's credit, he saved two power-play shots by Alex Ovechkin.
James van Riemsdyk and Scott Laughton scored for the Flyers.
The Capitals' third line of Connolly, Eller and Carl Hagelin was stellar all night, creating three goals without giving up one. But on the whole, Washington gave a good performance to bounce back from losing 5-3 to the Pittsburgh Penguins Tuesday.
Entering Thursday, the Metro was the only division with five teams at 80 or more points in the standings, with the Flyers (34-28-8, 76 points) stuck behind the logjam. The Capitals are up to 91 points, staying ahead of Pittsburgh and the New York Islanders.
The Capitals have been snakebitten in recent weeks by constantly allowing goals early in games. But on this night, they were the team to get on the board in the first few minutes. Washington prevented the Flyers from clearing it out of their zone, and John Carlson and Michal Kempny facilitated a loose puck to Connolly for an easy back-door goal 2:53 into the proceedings.
Connolly and the third line struck again halfway through the first, and again, it was a matter of Philadelphia struggling to force the Capitals back into the neutral zone. Connolly snagged a puck heading to the blue line and sent a backhand pass to Eller. A few passes later, Eller took an up-close shot, had it saved and scored on the rebound.
The Flyers' van Riemsdyk scored just one minute into the second with a perfectly placed snap shot, but Washington took over after that. Connolly grabbed a takeaway and found himself wide open in the left circle to nail his second goal of the night where Hart couldn't reach it in time.
Connolly, a 26-year-old approaching unrestricted free agency after this season, is up to 19 goals and 20 assists, both career highs.
Wilson buried a slapper one minute later for his 20th goal of the year. Hart had pivoted left to face Kuznetsov as he controlled the puck, but Kuznetsov served it up to Wilson on a platter.
Philadelphia scored again to cut it to 4-2, where the score would remain after two periods.
The Capitals tried giving their lead away during the third, with minor penalties on Kuznetsov, Nicklas Backstrom and Nick Jensen that put Philadelphia on the man advantage thrice in less than six minutes.
But Holtby and the Washington penalty kill — which for a change included Chandler Stephenson, starting on the fourth line instead of Nic Dowd — held firm and killed each one.
Not long after Hart was pulled to give the Flyers a 6-on-5, Kuznetsov scored on the empty net to seal it.
The Capitals and Flyers will meet once more this season, March 24 in the District.
Early in the game, even before Connolly's first goal, Wilson took a shoulder check from Sean Couturier that appeared to hurt him in the midsection. He needed some time to skate to the bench but never ended up leaving the game.
Washington continues its four-game road trip Saturday at the league-leading Tampa Bay Lightning, then wrap it up Tuesday at the New Jersey Devils.


text:
LegalReader.com · Legal News, Analysis, & Commentary
Senate Democrats Push Net Neutrality Vote to Wednesday
Ryan J. Farrick — May 15, 2018
Image via Wikimedia Commons/user:Kulandru mor. (CCA-BY-1.0) / public domain.
Senate Democrats will force a vote Wednesday to repeal the Trump administration's changes to net neutrality rules.
The measure, writes CNN, is backed by tall 49 of the Democratic Party's senators. Maine Sen. Susan Collins (R) is expected to defect. Analysts believe the effort will pass through the Senate but are skeptical of its prospects further along the legislative line.
Even if the accord were to make it out of the House unscathed, President Donald Trump is unlikely to sign off on the repeal. Trump's views on net neutrality have been consistently negative – the commander-in-chief believes that controls to preserve the Internet's integrity will somehow lead to the fall of conservative media.
"Obama's attack on the Internet," said Trump in 2014, "is another top-down power grab.
"Net neutrality is the Fairness Doctrine. Will target conservative media," he Tweeted, referencing the government's decision to place controls on telecommunications companies and internet service providers.
Pushed through the Republican-dominated Federal Communications Commission last April, the changes, which have yet to implemented, give internet service providers more power to gather customer data and manipulate connection speeds.
FCC Chairman Ajit Pai, a former Verizon executive, launched the agency's plan to roll back Obama-era net neutrality regulations. Image via Flickr/user: Gage Skidmore. (CCA-BY-2.0).
Democrats hoping to reinstate net neutrality say that the new rules give telecommunications companies too much leeway. They, along with most net neutrality advocates, believe less regulation encourages companies like Comcast to throttle speeds for certain websites while offering premium prices for faster connections.
"The Internet should be kept free and open like our highways, accessible and affordable to every American, regardless of ability to pay," said Senate Minority Leader Chuck Schumer (D-NY). "The repeal of net neutrality is not only a blow to the average consumer, but it is a blow to public schools, rural Americans, communities of color and small businesses. A vote against this resolution will be a vote to protect large corporations and special interests, leaving the American public to pay the price."
Schumer and his colleagues are employing the Congressional Review ACT (CRA) to repeal the FCC's changes. A CRA, unlike traditional bills and other measures, is intended only to reverse the rules of federal agencies. It requires a simple majority vote rather than the 60 votes usually needed to pass a bill through the Senate.
Republicans – many of whom claim to support the basic principles of net neutrality – defend the decision of the Federal Communications Commission and its chairman, Ajit Pai, to hand the reins to telecommunications companies. According to CNN, conservative lawmakers believe the changes restored the "light touch" of the government. Even if Republicans might support net neutrality, their leaders say they'd rather codify if through Congress than leave the decision to a government agency like the FCC.
"But instead of moving forward with that approach with Republicans to draft such legislation, the Democratic leadership decided to try to score political points by pushing a resolution to undo the FCC's decision, even though undoing will do nothing to provide a permanent solution on net neutrality," said South Dakota Sen. John Thune (R).
A CNN Republican source suggested that, after the CRA stalls in the House, Democrats may begin collaborating with their right-wing counterparts to draft a practical bill codifying net neutrality.
Defying Republicans, Senate Democrats schedule vote to save net neutrality
Democrats to force vote Wednesday on net neutrality
Senate votes Wednesday on effort to reinstate 'net neutrality' rules
Behind the Story of Ghostbed vs. Purple Mattress Lawsuit
Investigation Reveals Goodyear's Dunlop D402 Tires Have Caused Dozens of Motorcycle Accidents
Blog vs YouTube Over Other Websites: How to Choose
How Green Are Those New Cassava Bags?
Amputee's Third Attempt at Holding Medical Personnel Responsible Pays Off
About Ryan J. Farrick
Ryan Farrick is a freelance writer and small business advertising consultant based out of mid-Michigan. Passionate about international politics and world affairs, he's an avid traveler with a keen interest in the connections between South Asia and the United States. Ryan studied neuroscience and has spent the last several years working as an operations manager in transportation logistics.
Read more articles by Ryan J. Farrick
District Reaches Settlement in Wrestling Coach CaseDid AT&T Discriminate Against Pregnant Employees?
Ajit PaiDemocratsFCCFederal Communications Commissionnet neutralityrepublicanssSchumerSenateThuneTrump Administration
Legal News, Analysis, & Commentary
About Legal Reader
Legal Reader is devoted to protecting consumers. We take pride in exposing the hypocrisy of corporations, other organizations, and individuals whose actions put innocent people in harm's way. We are unapologetic in our dedication to informing the public and unafraid to call out those who are more focused on profits than people's safety.
© 2000-2021 LegalReader.com


Join us on Tuesdays when we explore and work with interesting textures to create a craft. Projects include texture paintings and rubbings. Use salt, sand, rice, and much more. Each week is sure to be a surprise.