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Mary Howard: Too Wise for a Woman
October 21, 2017 by Tudors Dynasty	7 Comments
In this article I will be discussing one of my favorite women at Tudor court – the fearless Mary Howard, Duchess of Richmond and Somerset. Mary had the bravery that wasn't often shown by a woman during this time period. She wasn't afraid to stand up for what she thought was right.
It was her father who was quoted as saying that Mary was, "too wise for a woman" – one of the reasons I love her so much.
This post was originally a podcast that was transcribed into an article – if you'd rather listen to it you can do so here:
Family Ties – The Howards
Mary Howard was born around 1519 to Thomas Howard, Earl of Surrey (later to be Duke of Norfolk) and his second wife Lady Elizabeth Stafford.
You might recognize the name Elizabeth Stafford – this Elizabeth Stafford was the daughter of the ill-fated Edward Stafford, 3rd Duke of Buckingham.This means Mary had both Norfolk and Buckingham blood in her veins.
Mary was the only daughter of Thomas Howard and received an education that was appropriate to her standing. It's been said that she was both beautiful and smart. A double threat – both traits are something that we'll see come into play a little later.
A Marriage Arranged
In December of 1529, when Mary was ten years old, Henry VIII asked her father, now the Duke of Norfolk to allow his son (Mary's older brother) Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey to become a companion of his illegitimate son, Henry Fitzroy at Windsor Castle. At the same time a marriage was arranged between Mary and Fitzroy.
While many have said the marriage was Norfolk's niece Anne Boleyn's idea, it had always been maintained by Norfolk that it was the idea of the King, however, the marriage between Fitzroy and Mary Howard had definitely been promoted by Anne to help strengthen her ties to the throne.
Like the later marriage of Henry VIII and Anne of Cleves there was no dowry expected with this marriage, which was unusual for the time. This may indicate the influence that Anne Boleyn had over the king.
Elizabeth Stafford, Mary's mother, was totally against the marriage. Whether she blamed Anne Boleyn for the breakdown of her marriage with Norfolk or was disgusted with the amount of control she had in the negotiations, she was not happy and made it known. Because of this conflict she was banished from court.
Marriage to Fitzroy
When King Henry and Anne Boleyn went to Calais in October 1532, they brought with them Fitzroy, Mary Howard and Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey. Fitzroy and Surrey both stayed in France after the English monarch's departure – Fitzroy was a member of King Francis' Privy Chamber and Surrey was also a member of his entourage.
While Fitzroy and Surrey were away in France, Anne Boleyn and King Henry were married – Anne was now Queen and Mary Howard was one of her ladies in waiting. The young men were called back to England in August of 1533 and merely three months later Henry Fitzroy and Mary Howard were married at Hampton Court Palace. She was was fourteen and he was fifteen years old.
Because of their youth the couple was not allowed to live together. Instead they went back to their respective homes. Henry VIII believed that his late brother Arthur's death may have occurred because he had intercourse at too young an age. This was also believed to be what caused the death of Katherine of Aragon's brother, Juan.
Henry Fitzroy
An interesting note: A few months before the marriage of the young couple, Pope Clement was proposing the marriage of the Earl of Surrey with Lady Mary, the king's daughter. The Pope was hoping that the Howard clan would help promote the cause of Katherine of Aragon.
Mary Becomes a Widow
Unfortunately, Mary and Fitzroy would never be able to consummate their marriage – in July 1536, Henry Fitzroy, Duke of Richmond and Somerset and only male child of Henry VIII died.
Since the marriage had never been consummated, King Henry denied his 17 year old widowed daughter in law the vast estates she should have inherited as the widow of the Duke of Richmond and Somerset. Mary, still young, could not remarry until her jointure was settled. King Henry decided to keep it all for himself instead.
Because of the King's greed, Mary was forced to live off the hand-outs of her father, the Duke of Norfolk and to sell her jewels in order to have money to live.
Expecting her powerful father to help her with his connection to the King, Mary was disappointed by his efforts and had threatened to confront the king in person, herself.
Feeling desperate, Mary wrote a letter to Thomas Cromwell asking him to intercede. Cromwell brought Archbishop Cranmer into the fold and Cranmer confirmed that the marriage had been valid even though it had not been consummated. This was exactly what Mary needed, progress was being made in her case.
This matter of Mary's jointure was not resolved until 1540, after the dissolution of the monasteries – Mary finally received some property and income to live on.
An Accomplice to Love
Around the same time that Mary was fighting for what was rightfully hers, she was helping Margaret Douglas in her clandestine love affair with her uncle, Lord Thomas Howard. Mary was present, as possibly a look-out, when these two lovers were able to have some quiet time together. All that came to an end when the king discovered the couple had a pre-contract to marry. Both Thomas and Margaret were sent to the Tower and Mary was saved because the couple insisted that she never knew of the pre-contract.
The Seymours and Howards
In the meantime, Mary was being linked with Thomas Seymour for a possible marriage alliance. If she accepted this proposal she would not get what she had been working so hard for. Mary was not interested in marrying Seymour – it was merely her father's way of creating ties with the new queen's family. Her brother the Earl of Surrey was even more upset about the match – he saw the Seymours as 'upstarts' and didn't want them associated with his noble line.
Interestingly enough, the Earl of Surrey had the hots for Anne Stanhope, wife of Edward Seymour, Earl of Hertford. Stanhope had rebuffed Surrey. When Hertford found out he was furious and it caused a lot of friction between the men.
It's been said that in 1537, Surrey was imprisoned at Windsor Castle because he punched Edward Seymour in the face – the reason? Because Seymour suggested that Surrey favored the rebels in the Pilgrimage of Grace. Surrey wasn't imprisoned long.
Mary and the Queens
When Anne of Cleves became queen it was thought that Mary would have a place in her household, however, Anne had brought ladies of her own and did not have room for her.
Mary's cousin, Katherine Howard, when she became queen, made Mary a Lady of the Privy Chamber…under the supervision of get this, Margaret Douglas.
After the execution of Queen Katherine, the Howard clan was once again lacking favor with the King. Both Mary Howard and Margaret Douglas sent away from court for seventeen months.
Seymour Again
Again in 1546, Norfolk discussed the marriage of his daughter to Thomas Seymour. Around this time he had also proposed a few marriages to further bind together the Howard and Seymour families. In addition to the proposed union of his daughter to Thomas Seymour he also negotiated some of his grandchildren as matches for three of Edward Seymour's children. On 10 June 1546, Henry VIII gave his permission and approval to the proposal.
The Fall of the Howard Men
Once again, Mary was not interested in marrying Thomas Seymour. She discussed this problem with her brother (Surrey) who suggested she discuss it with the King and use her charm to become a mistress to the king – this would help in advancing not only her interests but that of the Howards as well.
Mary was insulted and disgusted by her brother's plan and said she would rather cut her own throat than go along with it. Mary and Henry Howard's relationship would never be the same again and this would mark the beginning of Surrey's downfall.
When her father and brother were arrested in December 1546, Mary did nothing to save them. She even gave testimony against her brother.
Mary told the council that her brother had such a distaste for men who were "made" and not of royal birth and he said "if God called away the King they should smart for it." She went on to tell them that he replaced the coronet with a crown on his coat of arms.
When Surrey's home was searched they found more evidence against him – a plate with the arms of Edward the Confessor, even though the only person in the kingdom who could claim that was the king.
She also told them about the conversation her brother had with her about becoming the king's mistress.
Both her father and brother were charged with treason and sentenced to death. Only her brother would make it to the block because eleven days later King Henry VIII was dead. Norfolk's sentence was halted and he remained in prison until the reign of Queen Mary.
Mary raised her brother's children after his execution and apparently was granted money by Edward VI for doing so – he said that he knew of no finer place for the children to be educated.
The date of death varies for Mary Howard – what I do know is that she most likely died in December. It's the year that varies – some reports say 1555, others 1556 or 57.
In her three decades of life, Mary Howard witnessed a lot of drama at Tudor court. Especially during the reign of her father-in-law.
http://www.pbs.org/wnet/sixwives/meet/cp_handbook_love2.html
http://www.thetudorswiki.com/page/Bridal+Prospects+of+the+King
http://www.tudorplace.com.ar/Bios/MaryHoward(DRichmond).htm
http://www.british-history.ac.uk/letters-papers-hen8/vol21/no2/pp269-291https://archive.org/stream/seymourfamilyhis00lockuoft#page/30/mode/2up/search/Richmond
http://under-these-restless-skies.blogspot.com/2013/11/mary-howard.html
http://www.theanneboleynfiles.com/henry-fitzroy-marries-mary-howard-2/
http://spartacus-educational.com/Mary_Howard.htm
The Six Wives of Henry VIII, by Alison Weir
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Posted in: History, Mary Howard, Podcast	Tagged: anne boleyn, Anne of Cleves, Anne Stanhope, Duke of Norfolk, Earl of Surrey, Edward Seymour, Henry Fitzroy, Henry Howard, Katherine Howard, Mary Howard, Thomas Howard, Thomas Seymour
← The Life of Jane Seymour – Third Wife of Henry VIII
Types of Execution and Victims of Henry VIII →
Mary Lynn Bunting
How very interesting! Thank you so much for your posts!
GregoryUrbach
Enjoyed the article very much.
You couldn't write a play that had more twists and turns then "these" families did…..very interesting!!
Lori Thomas
K Fiorelli
Very interesting. Thank you
Frances Gasparotto
Great article! The Tudors were a very closely related bunch – weren't they?
Great article! The Tudors were a very closely related bunch. It seemed that they had a very small pool of people to marry!
Portraits of a Man: Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey
What's On The Shelf? (Part One)
Tudor Women (Guest Post)
Coat of Arms, Badge and Signature of the Six Tudor Queens
Katherine – Tudor Duchess (Guest Post)
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This kit is part of the 'US Aggressors groupbuild'. Construction went on quite straightforward although there are some problems here and there. Nothing that putty couldn't fix though. One particularly annoying part is that I have to putty off the holes under the wings meant for underwing stores. Obviously if I was bulding a normal F-16 loaded with a ton of weapons I wouldn't be bitching.
As per normal with aircraft kits, the cockpit has to be painted first before further construction could be done. It's simple matter of grey for the whole cockpit tub, black for the control panels, green for the MFD screens and some drybrushing to bring out the detail of the control surfaces.
I decided that with the F-16's huge canopy, I needed the ejection seat to be more detailed than what came in the box. So I got hold of a pair of ACES II resin seats from Legends Productions, a Korean resin kit manufacturer. The resin seat comes with molded-on seat belts and is generally much more detailed than the default kit seat.
I colored the seat based on references I got from The Ejection Site. A simple wash with diluted black color and some minor drybrushing is all I need to add depth and bring out the fine details of the seat.
I tried out a new method of filling the gaps: liquid paper aka correction fluid. This was suggested by a good friend G-Man from the Plamo Forums. Applying is easy: just whack on a dollup onto the gap. Then I ran a cotton bud with Gunze thinner through it, which thins and softens the liquid paper and makes it flow flush. So it works, I'm just now sure how it will look after priming. We'll see.
I also added all the major not too fragile parts onto the kit, so I can paint in one shot. I guess in this sense, aircraft kits are actually easier to paint than mecha kits. So anyway, all the tiny sensor bumps and blades are added.
Next came the RWR sensors on the wings. These are the major parts that are missing from the kit which is too bad since they are quite obvious on the real aircraft. A bit of a challenge to scratchbuild them since the RWR sensors have an odd shape. They are pretty small so I decided to just make a general likeness hehe.
So the only update here is a small old one. The canopy had a big seamline running down the middle so I scraped it off with a hobby knife and slowly sanded the area with ever finer sandpaper, ending with 400 grit. Then I dipped the canopy into Future floor polish to give it a supershine. To top it off, I carefully masked the canopy with Tamiya masking tape. To attach to the kit, I would use white glue as it dries transparent.
Here are the spots I found on top of the kit that need further fixing.
The good news in all this is that the RWR sensors turned out very nice and I don't have to make any further changes to them. Score!
The PGM-79 Powered GM variant of the RGM-79C was developed by the Federation R&D division as a testbed for an enhanced backpack that provided very powerful thrust and acceleration. With this enhancement, the legs were mounted with improved shocked absorbers.
Outwardly, the PGM-79 looks to be more heavily armored than the standard RGM-79C. However, that is not the case as the bulkiness was mainly due to the mounting of the backpack control systems and further improvements to the structure of the RGM-79C frame.
At least 3 units were tested with this modification in the Torrington base facility in Australia in UC 0083.
The Powered GM is my favorite GM variant from the Gundam universe, so needless to say, it is also the first ever Master Grade Gundam kit I did. This was also to be my first ever kit that I have extensively modified in addition to a kitbash with an aftermarket set of parts. In this case, it's a conversion set from Akohobby.
All in all, a very satisfying job.
The GAT-X105 Strike Gundam was one of five experimental Mobile Suits developed by the OMNI Alliance to counter the mobile suits deployed by the ZAFT faction. It is the most versatile among the five units as it was given the 'flexibility' to be upgraded with weapons packs : Aile, Launcher and Sword. The Aile ('Air' in French) pack adds additional mobility in space to the Strike Gundam as well as flight capabilities on Earth. Weapons-wise, however, the Aile only adds two beam sabers to the Strike's standard equipment list.
Mobile Suit Gundam SEED just happens to be one of the first Gundam TV series that I've followed closely (I know the Gundam universe fairly well, but I haven't seen stuff like Z Gundam, ZZ Gundam et al). I'm not much of Okawara's fan when it comes to Gundam designs but on the whole, I do like his designs for Gundam SEED, with the Strike Gundam being my favorite.
This is the more complicated version of two 1/144 kits that are available in the mass-market. The HG series of Gundam SEED is equivalent to the HGUC Gundam series. Therefore, there are: covered joints, clear parts (well… in some of them anyway, not this kit), color-coordinated parts and ball joints. The Strike comes only with the Aile pack (you can use the Launcher and the Sword packs available in the No-Grade Strike Gundam kit if you want to arm your HG Strike although modifications are needed).
Because of the way the MS is designed and the way the parts are broken down, the kit's legs will require a bit of planning to make the eventual painting of the kit easy. This involves a simple cut to the leg to separate the parts. Unlike most HGUC kits, this kit will require a fair bit of prep work due to a number of fairly obvious seamlines.
Construction looks to be fairly straightforward and based on the box photos, it will be a pretty poseable kit too. Quite remarkable considering the scale. While I would have preferred that they provided clear beam sabers, I tend to not display my kits with beam sabers anyway so this is a minor point to quibble about. Like the HGUC series, the fists are oversized for the scale and unless one buys the expensive resin hands or scratchbuilds a set, there's nothing much that can be done.
Proportions-wise, this is in my opinion, the best looking (in my opinion anyway) Strike Gundam kit in the market right now. It even looks better than the MG version I think. The 1/100 scaled Strikes suffer from having big hips. This is probably because of the fact that they are compartments for the Strike's daggers (officially called 'Armor Schneider combat knives' but I call them as I see them). The HG doesn't have the compartments so the hips are much thinner and streamlined. Other design elements also make it one of the better renditions of the Strike in the market – smaller feet and less bulky shoulders.
As usual, Bandai includes a set of stickers instead of water-slide decals for this kit. Seeing as how the Strike is supposed to be devoid of markings, this is not really a big deal.
All in all, another nice little kit from Bandai. Their 1/144 scale kits are getting better engineered now and that's good news for everyone.


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Teen Sensation Cody Simpson Performs In Singapore This August
NOTE: The venue for Cody Simpson's concert has been changed to KALLANG THEATRE.
All current ticket-holders will be contacted by SISTIC to assist with ticketing arrangements. The date, time, and ticket prices will remain unchanged.
(Edited 24 June 2015)
Teenage heartthrob Cody Simpson will be coming to Singapore this August! For the first time (in forever), Australian pop star Cody Simpson will play for one night only at the Suntec Convention & Exhibition Centre Kallang Theatre on Monday, 10th August 2015!
His latest album "Surfer's Paradise" features collaborations with Ziggy Marley and Asher Roth. The sophomore album landed in the Top 10 of the Billboard Top 200 albums chart. The 18-year-old is also set to release his fifth EP, "Free", currently scheduled for 23rd June 2015. This will be his first independent release after leaving Atlantic Records to create his own label, Coast House. All that at the age of eighteen!
Tickets to "Cody Simpson Live In Singapore" go on sale Tuesday, 2nd June 2015, at 9AM via SISTIC. Tickets are priced at $68, $78, $98 and $118. The concert is organised by LAMC Productions.
P.S. Concert day a.k.a. 10th August is a public holiday!
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Jovi Ho @hovsjovs
Journalism??? In this economy???
More by Jovi Ho
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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作者 Glenn Greenwald
After taking a homemade clock to school, Irving MacArthur High student Ahmed Mohamed, 14, was taken in handcuffs to juvenile detention. Police say they may charge him with making a hoax bomb — though they acknowledge he told everyone who would listen that it's a clock. Photo: Vernon Bryan
There are sprawling industries and self-proclaimed career "terrorism experts" in the U.S. that profit greatly by deliberately exaggerating the threat of Terrorism and keeping Americans in a state of abject fear of "radical Islam." There are all sorts of polemicists who build their public platforms by demonizing Muslims and scoffing at concerns over "Islamaphobia," with the most toxic ones insisting that such a thing does not even exist, even as the mere presence of mosques is opposed across the country, or even as they are physically attacked.
The U.S. government just formally renewed the "State of Emergency" it declared in the aftermath of 9/11 for the 14th time since that attack occurred, ensuring that the country remains in a state of permanent, endless war, subjected to powers that are still classified as "extraordinary" even though they have become entirely normalized. As a result of all of this, a minority group of close to 3 million people is routinely targeted with bigotry and legal persecution in the Home of the Free, while fear and hysteria reign supreme in the Land of the Brave.
What happened in Irving, Texas, yesterday to a 14-year-old Muslim high school freshman is far from the worst instance, but it is highly illustrative of the rotted fruit of this sustained climate of cultivated fear and demonization. The Dallas Morning News reports that "Ahmed Mohamed — who makes his own radios and repairs his own go-kart — hoped to impress his teachers when he brought a homemade clock to MacArthur High," but "instead, the school phoned police."
Despite insisting that he made the clock to impress his engineering teacher, consistent with his long-time interest in "inventing stuff," Ahmed was arrested by the police and led out of school with his hands cuffed behind him. When he was brought into the room to be questioned by the four police officers who had been dispatched to the school, one of them — who had never previously seen him — said: "Yup. That's who I thought it was." As a result, he "felt suddenly conscious of his brown skin and his name — one of the most common in the Muslim religion."
On Twitter, Anil Dash published a photo, provided by the boy's family, taken as he was led out in cuffs. Note that he's wearing a NASA shirt:
Photo: Anil Dash/Twitter
There's absolutely no evidence that this was anything more than a clock, nor any indication of any kind that the talented and inventive freshman built it as anything other than a school project. But even now, "police say they may yet charge him with making a hoax bomb — though they acknowledge he told everyone who would listen that it's a clock." According to the BBC, "police spokesman James McLellan said that, throughout the interview, Ahmed had maintained that he built only a clock, but said the boy was unable to give a 'broader explanation' as to what it would be used for."
The Dallas Morning News let Ahmed speak for himself by posting a video of him recounting what happened. Behold the Terrorist Mastermind:
The behavior here is nothing short of demented. And it's easy to mock, which in turn has the effect of belittling it and casting it as some sort of bizarre aberration. But it's not that. It's the opposite of aberrational. It's the natural, inevitable byproduct of the culture of fear and demonization that has festered and been continuously inflamed for many years. The circumstances that led to this are systemic and cultural, not aberrational.
The mayor of Irving, Beth Van Duyne, became a beloved national hero to America's anti-Muslim fanatics when, last February, she seized on a fraudulent online chain letter, which claimed that area imams had created a special court based on sharia law. In response, Mayor Van Duyne posted a Facebook rant in which she vowed to "fight with every fiber of my being" the nonexistent "sharia court." One anti-Muslim website gushed that Irving "is being called 'ground zero' in the battle to prevent Islamic law from gaining a foothold, no matter how small, in the U.S. legal system" and hailed her as "the mayor who stood up to the Muslim Brotherhood."
That led to support for a bill introduced in the Texas State Legislature banning the use of foreign law, which its sponsor made clear was targeted at least in part at these "sharia courts." The Irving City Council went out of its way to enact a resolution supporting the state bill. It was enacted in June. One of the City Council members who opposed the bill — William "Bill" Mahone, who "denounced the vote and urged Irving to 'embrace the Muslims'" — then lost his seat in the city election "by a wide margin." I've spoken to Muslim groups in Irving and there is a small but thriving community there, which in turn has produced intense anti-Muslim animus.
Just like Ahmed's arrest, Irving is representative of the U.S. broadly, not aberrational. The U.S. just a few years ago went into a shameful fit of mass hysteria over a proposed Islamic community center near Ground Zero — as though Muslims generally were guilty of that attack — but since then, in obscurity, ordinary mosques have faced all sorts of opposition from their mere existence, or once they do exist, physical menacing and violence. A 2014 Pew Poll found that Americans feel more negatively toward Muslims than any other religious group in the country.
There are all sorts of obvious, extreme harms that come from being a nation at permanent war. Your country ends up killing huge numbers of innocent people all over the world. Vast resources are drained away from individuals and programs of social good into the pockets of weapons manufacturers. Core freedoms are inexorably and inevitably eroded — seized — in its name. The groups being targeted are marginalized and demonized in order to maximize fear levels and tolerance for violence.
But perhaps the worst of all harms is how endless war degrades the culture and populace of the country that perpetrates it. You can't have a government that has spent decades waging various forms of war against predominantly Muslim countries — bombing seven of them in the last six years alone — and then act surprised when a Muslim 14-year-old triggers vindictive fear and persecution because he makes a clock for school. That's no more surprising than watching carrots sprout after you plant carrot seeds in fertile ground and then carefully water them. It's natural and inevitable, not surprising or at all difficult to understand.
Fearmongering
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当白耶稣辩论之怒时,伊斯兰教经历了自己的种族歧视
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Garden Talks: Meetinghouse Farm with Judy Desrochers November 5th 11am -12 p.m.
RSVP-Free Are you familiar with this jewel in Barnstable? Meetinghouse Farm was saved by a dedicated group in Barnstable that had foresight and concern about the environment. Today the 23 acres of property consists of community gardens, a greenhouse, beautiful walking trails with a variety of species of trees and open fields. The volunteers maintain the property, teach sustainable horticultural and agricultural techniques, provide programs and resources to educate and utilize sustainable green technology for the operation of the Farm.


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Real Freekick 3D
With Real Freekick you are going to experience the tension of a international football championship in 3D and completely free! No matter if you're playing on a mobile, a tablet or from your desktop now you can dive headfirst into the game. Do you think you are good enough to write history with your team and go for the win? Or will you fail miserably in the preliminary round? When playing as a striker, it is your task to do whatever it takes to score a goal. Whether you trash the ball into the net or if you curl it into the roof of the net does not matter as long as you manage beat the goalie!
Categories: Classic GamesSport GamesSkill
Language: deutsch, english, français, italiano, português, Русский язык, español, ภาษาไทย, Türkçe
Direct Link: http://mobi.spiele-zone.de/games/play/real-freekick-3D
Best Classic Spider Solitaire
Best Classic Spider Solitaire brings the popular spider version game of the solitaire card game to the palm of your hand. As with every Solitaire game it is your objective to sort cards onto piles. Each pile can only contain one color and has to consist of all cards starting and start with the king. A card - or a group of cards - can be moved to one of the other columns if the topmost cards value is exactly one lower from the card it's being moved on. Play Best Classic Spider Solitaire now for free and enjoy this card game masterpiece!
Classic Games, Card Games
The legendary puzzle game 2020! is back! 2020 Deluxe combines all the features of its predecessors and adds an extra dose trickiness, new game modes and new blocks! Place your blocks on the board and fill vertical or horizontal lines in order to clear them. Once you placed your set of three blocks you will get a new set. The longer you play the more complex your blocks will become! Make sure to place them wisely so the game board is not filled up and to leave enough space for your remaining blocks! Do not worry, surprise gifts, coins and power-ups will help you to clear up some space and to achieve new high-scores! Complete the level goals to unlock new challenges! Play 2020! Deluxe now and enjoy one of the most challenging puzzle games of all time! Compete with your friends and family! How far you can play 2020! Deluxe?
Classic Games, Puzzle Games, Board Games
Are you smart enough to solve the toughest Sudokus? This game will offer you a whole lot of different puzzles that will take a lot of wit to solve. The various difficulty levels will entertain both beginners and real Sudoku veterans for a long time.
Skill, Board Games, Brain Teaser Games, Classic Games


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Unity CEO John Riccitiello on Apple's big event, privacy and the AR apps we'll see within the year
Presumably, it would be good for business to speak onstage at an Apple event — essentially the tech world's equivalent of a U2 concert. But John Riccitiello, the CEO of San Francisco-based Unity Technologies, says you won't see him presenting at tomorrow's Apple event or that of any other platform company, for that matter.
The reason: Unity, which makes software at the heart of Pokémon GO and other interactive entertainment, sees itself becoming the de facto content creation engine for a wide number of companies and their applications. While Apple is expected tomorrow to release iOS 11, which includes support for ARKit, a tool kit for developers to easily create AR apps, and Unity supports ARKit, the 13-year-old company doesn't want to be perceived as playing favorites. Says Riccitiello, "Our philosophy is to put powerful tools in hands of developers, but also to support every meaningful platform so they can have success" — whether that's Apple or Google or even Amazon.
We talked with Riccitiello earlier today about the company's approach, along with the short-term future of AR and VR, where Unity is positioned to play a starring role for some time to come. Our chat has been edited for length.
TC: Apple is obviously well-positioned to usher in the AR age with its coming iPhone 8 and iOS 11. How important are these releases to Unity, and will you factor into the show? Are you introducing some news at its event?
JR: We're probably under 12 NDAs [with Apple]. But we're by definition cross-platform, so we never build platform-specific demonstrations. We support more than 30 platforms and I can't think of a time when we've produced a platform-specific demo.
I can talk about a lot of other things, though. The future of AR and VR, my family…
TC: Okay then, let's talk about the future of VR, which is seemingly further out than people had earlier imagined.
JR: Commercial applications are taking off like crazy, but sure, generally speaking, the consumer side of VR is off to a slow start. The hardware is too expensive; it's not that functional. Those problems will solve themselves by the 2018-2019 time frame, which is what I've been saying since 2015.
Now, if you take this new thing, using your phone for AR — [including via] ARKit and [Google's recently introduced challenger to ARKit] ARCore, the future is coming fast. The biggest app in history was Niantic's Pokémon GO, powered by Unity. Tens of millions of people played Pokémon GO. That was just the start.
TC: What will we be doing with our phones a year from now?
JR: You'll point a camera at a friend's shoes and be told where to get them and at what price. In a year, a friend will be able to use an app that scans your body and comes up with a millimeter accurate picture, so you'll know what you'd look like inside that particular shirt or dress, based on the dimensions of the garment. You'll also be able to point your phone at an acquaintance and pull up their LinkedIn profile, or point at a restaurant and a menu will pop up, along with information perhaps about which friends have been there and who the architect is of the building.
We've been constrained by what we can type with our thumbs until now. But our [phone] cameras are infinitely more powerful for many, many cases.
TC: What are the some the demands that are made of an engine in a mobile or compact capacity? Presumably you don't need the graphical fidelity that people expect on their PC or console, but it can't be terrible either.
JR: On a smaller screen, you're right that you need less resolution — fewer pixels. But that's changing fast. All the hardware makers are providing high-resolution screens; they're going bezel-less to give you more real estate. We're three to four years behind leading consoles and PCs in terms of overall performance, but as CPUs and GPUs become more efficient and less energy-dependent — processors are capable right now of 30 frames per second and it will be 60 — we'll be able to do more and more.
Basically, today's mobile phones are akin to PlayStation 2s. By next year, they'll be PlayStation 3s. By 2020, they'll be at the PlayStation 4 level in terms of processing capability.
TC: You mentioned the ability of someone to scan someone else with an augmented reality app and pull up profile information about that person. That's invariably going to give people the creeps. Do you have privacy concerns or is that something regulators will have to grapple with?
JR: At Unity, we make tools to make things possible. You can make an orphanage or you can make a weapon. People figure out what they'll make with it.
With privacy, you're right. Do you want someone pointing a camera and knowing who you are? You can perhaps choose to opt into or out of databases [though that will be tricky]. People might scan their home so they can play a shooter game inside their house, but if mom is taking an antidepressant and it's on the counter, you maybe don't want that out there. Or you maybe don't want your body scan out there in public.
What are smart strategies? Maybe your scan remains only on your device, and the garment comes to you instead of vice versa. Then again, it's pretty efficient for Amazon to hold your body dimensions, so you can order something not just from your phone but on your computer or tablet. These are issues that regulatory agencies as well as big and small companies will have to wrestle with.
They're wrestling with them now. My niece's and nephew's birthdays are in Amazon [which is a Unity customer]. I can basically click on a football and it lands on [my nephew's doorway] and I'm glad [founder and CEO Jeff] Bezos figured it out so I don't look like a knucklehead. But that's a privacy issue. Amazon knows my nephew's birthday and address.
TC: So privacy isn't an issue as long as people like the company, seemingly. I read a piece earlier that noted it would be a lot worse if Google and Facebook were hacked than Equifax, yet people don't hesitate to provide both companies with all kinds of information.
JR: Most people have very low [privacy] settings on Facebook, and they enjoy the benefit of broadly disseminated information, like when it comes to finding a long-last classmate and being able to ping that person.
But it'll be harder to crack your fingerprint on an Apple device. Eye scans are even more unique. [Editor's note: the iPhone 8 is expected to feature an iris scanner.]
I do think there will be smarter ways to stratify where your data lives.


Musculoskeletal Ultrasound (MSUS) is increasingly being used by Rheumatologists, Orthopaedics, and Sport & Medical Physicians for the diagnosis and management of musculoskeletal disorders in daily practice worldwide. The European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) has promoted education in MSUS for the last 15 years with very successful results. Currently, there is a great need and demand for education on MSUS in APLAR countries.
The basic MSUS course aims to give the participants the opportunity to learn the sonoanatomy, the ultrasound scanning technique of the musculoskeletal system, and the basic MSUS lesions and abnormalities under the guidance of expert rheumatologist and radiologist ultra-sonographers.
The course will be of the Basic level, being a combination of lectures and hands-on scanning of models and/or patients with MusculoSkeletal disorders in small groups with experienced tutors. It will consist of lectures with demonstrations and hand-on scanning in small groups (5-6 participants per tutor and ultrasound machine) with experienced tutors.
Minimum 30 participants, and a Maximum of 60 participants.
Small groups of 5 – 6 participants each.
The official language of the MSUS workshop is English.
The Course will focus on learning Ultrasound physics, image acquisition, normal SonoAnatomy, standardized examination techniques and Ultrasound findings of basic pathological lesions. The basic course is recommended for participants with little no experience in MusculoSkeletal Ultrasound. There will be no prerequisite for delegates wanting to attend this course.
A certificate of attendance will be supplied to attendees at the conclusion of the workshop.


text:
set(BASE_PATH_FOR_THIS_MODULE ${BASE_PATH_FOR_CLASS_LIBRARIES_MODULES}/System.Device.Pwm)

# set include directories
list(APPEND System.Device.Pwm_INCLUDE_DIRS ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/CLR/Core)
list(APPEND System.Device.Pwm_INCLUDE_DIRS ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/CLR/Include)
list(APPEND System.Device.Pwm_INCLUDE_DIRS ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/HAL/Include)
list(APPEND System.Device.Pwm_INCLUDE_DIRS ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/PAL/Include)
list(APPEND System.Device.Pwm_INCLUDE_DIRS ${BASE_PATH_FOR_THIS_MODULE})
list(APPEND System.Device.Pwm_INCLUDE_DIRS ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/System.Device.Pwm)

# source files
set(System.Device.Pwm_SRCS

    sys_dev_pwm_native.cpp

    sys_dev_pwm_native_System_Device_Pwm_PwmChannel.cpp

)

foreach(SRC_FILE ${System.Device.Pwm_SRCS})
    set(System.Device.Pwm_SRC_FILE SRC_FILE-NOTFOUND)
    find_file(System.Device.Pwm_SRC_FILE ${SRC_FILE}
        PATHS
	        ${BASE_PATH_FOR_THIS_MODULE}
	        ${TARGET_BASE_LOCATION}
            ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/System.Device.Pwm

	    CMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH_BOTH
    )
    # message("${SRC_FILE} >> ${System.Device.Pwm_SRC_FILE}") # debug helper
    list(APPEND System.Device.Pwm_SOURCES ${System.Device.Pwm_SRC_FILE})
endforeach()

include(FindPackageHandleStandardArgs)

FIND_PACKAGE_HANDLE_STANDARD_ARGS(System.Device.Pwm DEFAULT_MSG System.Device.Pwm_INCLUDE_DIRS System.Device.Pwm_SOURCES)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Gjertsen was second mate on the Fram during Roald Amundsen's Antarctic expedition 1910-12.
Hjalmar Fredrik Gjertsen was born 6 July 1885 in Porsgrunn as the son of shipowner Andreas Gjertsen. After school he went to sea for three years, moving through the grades from deckboy to sailor. In 1904 he took his mate's exam at Oslo Maritime School with the best marks. From 1904 to 1909 he went through the Naval Academy at Karljohansvern in Horten. As one of their best students he was given the honour of carrying the train on Queen Maud's dress during the coronation in Nidaros cathedral in Trondheim in 1906.
In 1909, while at the Naval Academy, Gjertsen participated on Bjørn Helland-Hansen's oceanography course in order to assist with the oceanographic work on Amundsen's Fram expedition. At the Naval Museum in Horten it is presumed that Gjertsen was recommended for the Fram expedition by captain Engelstad at the Naval Academy. Prior to the voyage, Amundsen sent Gjertsen to the state hospital in Oslo for quick courses in tooth-pulling and bone-setting. Gjertsen and first mate Prestrud were told of the expedition's real destination as the Fram left Kristiansand.
While Amundsen and the eight others wintered in the Antarctic, Fram was sailed to Buenos Aires and then on the scientific voyage in the South Atlantic. Gjertsen acted here as assistant for the oceanographical work, which collected important data from this then little known ocean area.
When the government gave the participants on the South Pole expedition a national reward for their efforts, Hjalmar Johansen was not included as he had died in 1913. This upset Gjertsen, who started a successful campaign so that Johansen's reward should be divided between his children.
Gjertsen was offered a position on Ernest H. Shackleton's 1914 expedition with Endurance to Antarctica. He wished to join, but it took too long before his application for leave from the Navy was settled and in the end it was too late.
He did, however, get leave in 1913 in order to attend the Ecole D'aviation Deperdussin in Reims, France to learn flying. Some of the motivation for this was Amundsen's wish to have an aircraft and pilot on his planned North Pole expedition. When this expedition was delayed, Gjertsen applied to the state to have his expenses for flying training covered, and this was granted. He became a pilot for the Naval Flying Corps at the same time as he attended their flying course. In 1916 he had to make an emergency landing on the Oslo Fjord between Drøbak and Steilene, but he saved both himself and the plane.
During the 1st World War, from 1915 to 1918, he served as captain on the mine-laying ships Glommen and Frøya and in various torpedo boat groups. He saved an English warship from sinking in the Selbjørnsfjorden as well as Fred. Olsen's steamship Ek. Immediately after the war he was second-in-command on the royal ship Heimdal which, with Bergenske's Midnattsol, fetched Scandinavian refugees from Arkhangelsk.
With his polar experience, Gjertsen joined the hydrographical investigations in Svalbard in 1920 and 1921 under the leadership of Adolf Hoel on the expedition ship Farm (sic), which were part of the annual Norwegian expeditions to Svalbard that developed into what became the Norwegian Polar Institute in Oslo. Gjertsen participated as hydrograph and second-in-command. Then followed a period as purchasing manager at Stavanger Electricity Works.
In 1924 and 1925 Gjertsen returned to the Antarctic as ice pilot and mate on the floating whale factory ship Sir James Clark Ross on the first whaling expedition to the Ross Sea. During the preparations he participated in the construction and discussions of the alterations to the ship to turn it into a factory ship. The following year he was captain on the factory ship NT Nielsen-Alonso on the third expedition to the Ross Sea, and also here he participated in the preparations and construction.
In 1929 he led the expedition with Michael Sars to the Arctic Sea near to Russia which, on behalf of the government, was to save the sealers whose ships had been destroyed in the ice.
In 1933-35 Gjertsen was second-in-command on Admiral Richard Byrd's Antarctic expedition. With the title of commodore he was leader for the two ships Bear of Oakland and Jacob Ruppert and captain on the larger ship. He was central in the reconstruction of the ships for the expedition. For the next five years he served as the Norwegian Navy's inspector of ships, where repairs and improvements to the Navy's ships was a main responsibility.
When the 2nd World War broke out he was head of the Melsomvik Naval Depot. Despite strong security he was able to have the entire coal supply at a value of several million kroner transported to the Norwegian railways in Drammen and Sarpsborg. He was later asked to help administrate the supply of wood to Oslo and Aker.
In 1943-45 Gjertsen was, despite his age, one of the Norwegian officers who were interned in a German prison camp in Poland. His family state that he would have died if the war had lasted a week longer. From 1946 to 1948 he was managing director of Langesund mekaniske verksted, after the original director was charged for being a member of the Norwegian nazi partyNasjonal Samling.
Gjertsen married Maren Dorothea in 1918 and they had four children: Dagfinn (1919), Andreas (1920 – executed by the Germans during the war), Fredrik (1923) and Liv (1926). Hjalmar Fredrik Gjertsen died 9 July 1958.