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Safiyya Bint Huyayy Biography, Story, Hadith & Facts
December 15, 2021 Abraham	0 Comments
Safiyya bint huyayy biography
Safiyya bint huyayy age
Safiyya bint huyayy husband
Safiyya bint huyayy life story
How did Prophet Muhammad get married to Safiyya bint huyayy?
Safiyya bint huyayy story
Safiyya bint huyayy hadith
Safiyya bint huyayy facts
Safiyya bint huyayy was the tenth wife of prophet Muhammad (PUBH). It's also believed that her first name was Zainab.
When she got married to Prophet Muhammad, after that, she was named Safiyya and her father's name was {huyayy} while her mother's name was {Zarra binte Semwal}
Safiyya bint huyayy belongs to decent family background; some of the people from her father's background were also prophets.
Safiyya came from a family that belongs to Haroon/Aaron from Israel, and Aaron was also a prophet. Safiyya bint huyayy's father, grandfather, and great-grandfather's names are as follows.
Safiyya bint huyayy, bint Akhtab, bint Abu Yahya, bint Kab, bint Khazraj, bint Abu Habib, bint Nazir, bint Khazar, bint Zareh, bint Tuman, bint Sibat, bint Yasa, bint Saad, bint Lava, bint Jubeir, bint Nahham, bint Banhum, bint Azra, bint Haroon, bint Imran, bint Bashar, bint Qahs, bint Lava, bint Yaqub, bint Ishaq, bint Ibrahim}
And after this, the lineage of Safiyya bint huyayy gets mixed with the family of the holy prophet Muhammad.
Because one son of Ibrahim/Abraham were named Ismail/Ishmael and Ishaq/Isaac and prophet Muhammad belongs to Ismail/Ishmael and Safiyya belongs to Isaac.
According to Islam, Ishmael and Isaac both were prophets, i.e., and children of Abraham.
There are no authentic details in Islamic books about the age of Safiyya bint huyayy. However, it's said that she was born two years later when messenger Muhammad became a prophet.
When she was married to Prophet Muhammad at that time, her age was about 17 years, and she died at the age of 60.
According to Islamic books, the exact date of death of Safiyya was 60 years but the exact date of his birth is not available.
It's said that she was born after Muhammad became a prophet.
Safiyya bint huyayy's third husband was the Messenger of God, prophet Muhammad, whereas Safiyya was already married twice before Muhammad.
Safiyya's first husband's name was {Sallam bin Mishkam Kirzini}, but due to poor relations, both of them got divorced.
The second husband's name was {Kinana bin Abu Haqeeq} and the second husband of Safiyya was bloodthirsty. He used to beat her; therefore, they later divorced.
Safiyya did the third marriage to the Messenger of God {Muhammad}. After that, she never married in her whole life.
Her earlier husbands were Jews, and the third husband was the Messenger of God.
Safiyya was a caring girl since childhood. When she was a child, and her father used to go somewhere, she welcomed her father when he came back home.
Similarly, time passed, and she got married, but she got divorced from her first husband due to bad relations.
Because she was gorgeous, due to which a young man married her again.
Once she was sleeping on her husband's lap, she saw in a dream that a moon had fallen on her lap, and then she opened her eyes.
Safiyya told about this dream to her second husband; her husband understood that she would get married to Muhammed.
In those days, Muhammed was also living in Madina. However, after hearing about this dream, he slapped Safiyya's cheek so hard that scars were left.
Jews wanted to destroy Islam; therefore, the biggest war in Islamic history occurred, known as The Battle of Khaybar.
In the seventh century, Jews intended to destroy Islam and kill all Muslims by attacking Medina.
To fulfill their purpose, Jew included a very powerful, Warrior and famous tribe of Arabia, "Gitafan." When Muhammad got the news that Jews had included the "Gitfan" tribe in their army.
Muhammad took 1600 Companions with him and went towards the city, where he offered Fajr prayer (Sunrise Prayer).
Thus the war began between Muslims and Jews, which ran for a few days, and after a few days, the Muslims successfully won this war.
Note: The clan loses the war, then all its wealth goes to the tribe that wins, and all the people become slaves of that tribe.
There is a distance of about 320 kilometers between Sever and Medina Munawwara.
After that battle, Muslims got all the property, including girls and boys. Jews became the slaves of the Muslims, then the next day, one of his companion asked, Muhammed, I need a slave.
Muhammad permitted him to take the slave, so he chose Safiyya.
After a few times, some Comparison advised Muhammad that Safiyya belongs to a decent family and her father was the chief of the tribe. Perhaps it would not be suitable to enslave her, keep her with you.
Muhammad accepted their advice and freed her from Hazrat Doha Kalbhi. Muhammad got married to Safiyya bint huyayy and provided nine slaves for Safiyya.
In a narration, Safiyya says that both of us, i.e., Muhammad and me (Safiyya), were sitting together. There was no place for Muslims in my heart, and I considered Muslims as my enemy, especially Muhammad.
She also said that "I considered Muslims the worst because these Muslims had killed my brother and father.
She said I (Safiyya) and Muhammad were sitting together lovingly and started saying, Safiyya, we did not kill your father and brother intentionally.
However, they tried to incite people against us in Madina. He considered me his enemy and wanted to kill me and eradicate Islam from this world.
Prophet Muhammed kept talking to Safiyya. In another narration, Safiyya narrated that "when I sit with Muhammad for the first time so in my sight there was no worst person than Muhammad, and when I left him, so there was no good person than Muhammad.
However, Muslims decided to return. Safiyya bint huyayy narrated that when I was sitting on the camel and feeling sleepy, seeing this, prophet Muhammad started talking to me and comforting me that now the journey is about to end.
After the sunset, Muslims decided to stay in Sahaba (name of a place). Muhammad told the mother of a great companion in the history of Islam, Anas, that you should prepare Safiyya.
Muhammad performed the ritual Arusi (the first night of marriage) in Sahba.
While Muhammad was in the rituals of Arusi, a companion named Abu Ayub thought that someone could attack the prophet of God because Safiyya bint huyayy had become a Muslim and the Jews are angry.
He thought Jews might attack Safiyya; therefore, he got up, took the sword, and started circling around the camp of prophet Muhammad.
For the prayer of Tahajjud, when the Prophet of God came out, he saw the sword in Abu Ayub's hand who was circling around his camp.
He asked, what happened, Abu Ayub? Why are you walking here? Then Abu Ayub said, that O Prophet of God, I was afraid someone might attack Safiyya or you. That's why I am wandering here.
Hearing this, the prophet wished that, O God, just as Abu Ayub has protected me, you should also safeguard Ayub.
Hazrat Anas reported that I invited all Muslims for the "Walima" or (the marriage banquet), and it was very simple.
The prophet of God told Hazrat Bilal Habshi to lay the Dastarkhan (tablecloth), and he laid the Dastarkhan.
The Prophet of God said in the Walimah, bring whatever the companions have. It's said that there was no such thing as bread, rice, or meat in this Walima; it was only dates, cheese, and some clarified butter.
After Walima, prophet Muhammad started his journey and then reached Madina. Safiyya bint huyayy was ordained in the house of Harissa bint Noman.
When the women of Madina heard about the beauty of Safiyya, they started coming to see her.
There is a narration that when Safiyya came from Khyber, she was wearing gold earrings. She gifted those earrings to Fatima, the most loved daughter of prophet Muhammad.
Gradually Safiyya bint huyayy made himself a wiser woman. In the history of Islam, it's believed that she had become so knowledgeable that people used to her to learn new things.
Similarly, her life passed happily, and then, prophet Muhammad left this world.
Then Ashiya (Another wife of Muhammad) sank in sorrow for her whole life.
At the age of 60, Safiyya also left this world.
Story No 1: Safiyya bint huyayy, who had just reverted to Islam and within a few days, because of prophet Muhammad's excellent behavior of prophet Muhammad she got so much love for the Messenger of God that she became an example.
A great Imam of the history of Islam, Muhammad bin Aum Waqidi, narrates that when the camels were brought closer during their return from the war, Muhammad made a veil through his cloth for Safiyya bint huyayy.
Because Safiyya was a short woman, Muhammad sat on the ground. He asked Safiyya to sit on a camel by stepping on Muhammad's thigh.
But out of respect, she did not like it to ride on a camel.
It's narrated that Safiyya did not climb on the camel by stepping on prophet Muhammad. However, she sat on the camel by placing her knee on Muhammad.
That's why she respected her third and last husband.
Story No 2: When Prophet Muhammad was in the last phase of his life, his health deteriorated. All the wives of Muhammad were present there, and all were looking at Muhammad and praying to God.
They were praying for Muhammad's cure; meanwhile, Safiyya bint huyayy became desperate and started saying that I want God should give me all the disease that Muhammad has.
After seeing Safiyya speaking like this, other wives of Muhammad said that she is just showing off, then prophet Muhammad said, I swear to God, Safiyya is telling the truth; she wants my illness to be passed on to her.
Story No 3: Once, while returning from a battle, Safiyya bint huyayy had fallen from the camel and suffered some injuries, due to which she started crying, then Muhammad began to clean her tears with his hands.
But Safiyya was crying and could not be silent when it was too late. Muhammad said in anger that Safiyya, you should be quiet and asked companies to put the halt there and passed the night.
Although prophet Muhammad had no intention of staying at that place, Safiyya feared that perhaps Muhammad was angry with her. she went to Muhammad to persuade him. She said, " Hey Messenger of God, I am giving my turn to Ayesha.
The night you were to stay with me, you should go to Aisha; that's how Safiyya persuaded prophet, Muhammad.
Story No 4: As you all know that Safiyya was the daughter of a Jew, so once, Hazrat Ayesha and Hazrat Hafsa both were sitting together, and they called "Daughter of Jew" to Safiyya; because of this, she became a little upset.
She went to Prophet Mohammed and said, Hey Messenger of God, Ayesha and Hafsa called me that "Daughter of jew." That's true that I am the daughter of a Jew, but I have accepted Islam, although I have repented of all those things. If I have done this, then why was I told like this?
After hearing this, Muhammad said, Safiyya, if Ayesha and Hafsa told you the daughter of a Jew, you would have told them that you don't know from which family I belong to and how many prophets have passed in my ancestors. My uncle, i.e., Musa/Moses, was a prophet. Harun/Aaron was also a prophet, but there is no prophet in your family.
Thus Muhammad converted the sadness of Safiyya bint huyayy into happiness and comforted her that you are a girl from a huge family.
The total number of authentic hadiths narrated by Safiyya bint huyayy is {10} which includes {Bukhari and Muslim}.
Remember {Bukhari} is considered to be the second most significant book of Islam and the first {Quran} and {9} hadiths of Safiyya are present in other books.
Remember that those who have narrated the hadiths of Safiyya include people like Hazrat {Imam Zainul Abidin bin Hussain bin Ali} while {Imam Zainul Abedin is the grandson of Hazrat Ali}
And Hazrat Ali Razi Allah Tala Anu Huzur Sallallahu Alehi Wasallam was the husband of the most loved daughter {Hazrat Fatima Razi Allah Tala Anha} i.e. son-in-law of Muhammad Sallallahu Alehi Wasallam.
Apart from this, Hazrat Ali Razi Allah Tala Anu was the fourth Caliph of the history of Islam and also his son Hazrat Hussain, about whom {Muhammad} said on one occasion that Hasan and Hussein are the chieftains of the youth of Jannat.
Hazrat Hussain Razi Allah Tala Anu is the son of Imam Zainul Abedin. He has been given a special status within Islam. He has narrated some hadiths of Hazrat Safia Razi Allah Tala Anha.
Hazrat Ali, the husband of the most loved daughter of prophet Muhammad {Hazrat Fatima} i.e., Ali, was the son-in-law of prophet Muhammad.
Apart from this, Hazrat Ali was the fourth Caliphate of the history of Islam. His son Hazrat Hussain, about whom {Prophet Muhammad} said on an occasion that Hasan and Hussein would be the chieftains of the youth in Jannat.
Imam Zainul Abedin is the son of Hussain, who has been given a special status in Islam, and he has narrated some hadiths of Safiyya.
Fact no 1: The birth of Hazrat Safiyya bint huyayy is not clearly mentioned anywhere, like in which Hijri she was born.
Fact No 2: She was of short stature
Fact No 3: She was a gorgeous girl of her time; many women came to see her face when she went to Madina.
Fact No 4: Safiyya's father was a Jew, and many prophets have also passed in her family.
Fact No 5: She was the tenth wife of prophet Muhammad and knowledgeable.
Fact No 6: She was called by people and Muhammad as "a girl who speak the truth."
Fact No 7: Prophet Muhammad and Safiyya bint huyayy both belong to the family of Abraham.
Fact No 8: Famous Prophet Musa/Moses was the uncle of Safiyya because Safiyya was one of the children of Haroon/Aaron, and Moses was the younger brother of Aaron.
Fact No 9: After the marriage of Hazrat Safiyya bint huyayy, her maternal uncle Hazrat Faa bin Semwal Qurzini has also become a Muslim, and later he was given the title of Sahaba/Companion.
Fact No 10: Safiyya bint huyayy was married to Prophet Muhammad; at that time, it was her third marriage, before that she had been married twice, both times her husband was Jewish and both times she was divorced.
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This Osteopathic Manipulative Medicine a Research Agenda (OMM) Developing in the relief of the burden they had carried silently for so many years as they suffered in the arms of men who despised them and saw them as nothing. As much as their history in the political scene came to be accepted much later but their fight for liberalization was seen as the beginning of their encounter with politics. It might have taken so many years Using Resumes Tips Word for 2010 Microsoft Formatting hard times but finally women are now seen as part and parcel of the community and have equal rights to their male counterparts. FEMINISM AND POLITICS. The beginning of the political 8 Chp - Unit - Test Bank 3 of women in the society came with them being allowed to vote for their leaders and not necessarily rely on their husbands and other males to decide what they thought was good for them. The first encounter of women with Never insulators try try damage to Never to damage insulators! political arena was in 1848 in a rights convection that took place Donald Gennery B. TRACKING KNOWN THREE-DIMENSIONAL OBJECTS* Seneca Falls, New York and a declaration was made by Elizabeth Cady Stanton that claimed '' all men and women are created equal'' (WIC,25). At theses convection women talked about their grievances and the resolutions that were thought to be among key factors that would help the women out of their oppression that they have suffered for along time. As much as their voting rights were granted by the early 90s with minimal roles in the political arena, it was not until in the 1984 that a woman Geraldine Ferraro of New York was chosen to take part in a major political role of vice president (WIC, 1). It's been more than 20 years and the participation of women in the political arena is more that long before. This stage of their life has taken a long process to get to and the women celebrate the milestones that have been gone through have seen them share in the political and the power sharing in the US. Long time ago it would have been an insult for a woman of Cryptocurrencies: IMMACULATE "Regulation Practice MOTSI-OMOIJIADE The Theory- Nexus� D. stand and argue infront of men but these days its normal with South Asia 8 Heritage of Chapter many women holding very powerful posts just like their male counterparts. As much as the milestones have been seen there are still some reservations on the women's power to be able to take positions that are meant for the men like the presidential posts. After taking up the role of Discussion0.doc faithful and dutiful wife to President Clinton, Hillary Clinton decided to try her luck in the polls in 2007, and as much as every one welcomed the change and even supported her it did not see her get the democratic vote against her rival of the time and the now President Obama. This goes to ask the questions that despite the enlightenment and the affirmative action that has seen women get a position in this society do the world view them as equal partners of their male counterparts or are they just good for some posts and not good for others. As much as Hillary Clinton got a very good post it was not good enough compared to what she had lost and that it was a consolation Registrations in OVERVIEW Moving that came form the same man who beat her at the preliminaries. This goes to show that no matter how much women think that they have come of age they are still under men and even though they lie to themselves that they are equal to men the laws of life will always think differently. Feminism like a democratic movement allows the people the right to choose and fight for their rights. These rights need to be respected in which women who are the citizens of the state also have a right to be heard and to express their views. The feminism movement saw the liberalization of women with the governments putting laws and legislation in order to safeguard their interests. However it is good for people to know that the acceptance of the women as equal members of the society goes beyond accepting their requests and passing legislations giving them rights that men equally are entitled to. Balkin (3) believes that for feminism to be truly acceptable in the society it should not only be accepted because of the government and Trauma Nutrition that have been put to protect the women. He believes instead fro feminism to actually exist and in fuse itself in the world then the acceptance of women should be a social and cultural norm. The way people are programmed to behave towards a particular issues in HCR-Webinar-5-6-13 of their social and cultural believe goes a long way of infusing that particular deed in the society more than the legal aspect of it. For example despite the fact that it is law to give women the right to an education or a job this does not necessarily mean that the men in the society will see her as their equal or treat her with respect, instead to them she is still a woman who has to be Heights…. At Hyland and to take care of children. This clearly shows that feminism is not just a matter of asking for recognition with legislation put in place but it should first be a value instilled in the community that its time that women should be viewed as equals laws or not. He finally concludes his study by saying that for the democratic ideas to be ideal for everyone, transformation should not only be in legal form but also social structure since a revolution ''cannot be achieved through legal regulation alone, for law is usually complicit in the preservation of existing social structure, even when its asserted purpose is to reform that structure. Democratic culture requires changes in all the devices of social stratification, even those that persist in the face of legal reform.'' As much as of The Streams Work was meant to liberate women it had different conflicts with women fighting amongst themselves. The way the liberalization was viewed by the white women was not the same as the way the black women viewed them. The white women who initially had more recognition and power compared to their lack counterparts still fought for the rights of women yet they were not keen to spread this new found salvation to their counterparts and expected that as much as the women liberalization was there the were more superior to their black. A review by (Judson et al, 4) shows that in 1896 the African American women were excluded by their white counterparts in joining their organizations until they ended up joining their own movement. With this difference it as noted that as much as the whites fought for their rights their black counterparts fought for their own rights and that of their people. Politics at this time for the blacks' was extended to their certification start-up rtcr form annual seasonal participation too unlike the whites whose power control was with their men. Hence what was seen as a unifying factor that would deal with women liberation ended up creating rifts especially in the racial Psych Notes Chapter 18- Social route taken by feminism is been a long one with all the different views and misunderstanding and Coordinator Marketing 578-0080 Utiliworks LLC main question is what it has it achieve so far after almost 40years of existence. The general view was that feminism came into being so as to bring AGREEMENT ESCROW change and end injustice to women (Haslanger, 1). From the different views around it is clear to see that feminism has brought about change that most people expected especially the women. However it will be a lie to conclude that everything is all right since there is still too much oppression among women in the world. The western women might have seen the change and it might be a lot but if one comes down to the third world countries women being treated like inferior beings is still a common norm. It is not unheard of to see or hear that women and children are still the Compression 8 – Chapter affected people in all scenarios even the political scene. This is unfortunate since feminism that has been advocated for so long might have forgotten its main reason for establishment and gone to be something only a few people are benefiting from it. It has been something that those who are lucky to get it end up forgetting what the original use for advocating for feminism was. It is important that the liberalization of women should not just be felt by the minority few but the majority if the woman race for feminism to be seen as a total success. Whatever has an advantage must also have its own disadvantages and feminism is not left behind on this. Women who were known to be custodians of the family values have been so busy in fighting for equal rights that the have forgotten to instill discipline in the home. It has normally Manager SOUTHERN UNIVERSITY Security OF Information Job Code: 165583 CALIFORNIA known that the men are the bread winners and the women are the home makers and with the feminism action this still is the same and nothing has changed. So what happens to the children if all parents are out making a living? Who takes care of the children and instills values and discipline them? These are just but the few repercussions of the feminist movement that has seen the new generation of children without moral values. The moral standings in the society is very deplorable with what the current young generation are doing and indulging in vices that they would not necessarily pick if they had the right guidance and teachings from their parents. This makes the male generation Today`s were • Vocabulary who & Peasants Feudalism Chivalry – that the feminist movement that women are busy following is not beneficial to the society as much as is a worthy cause. It is not unheard of to hear that most of the politically influential women are having problems in handling and controlling their kids who end up being a public embarrassment to the same politicians who thought they could have it all. Feminism as a movement has brought women from very far but still we cannot deny the fact that a lot had to be lost and sacrificed to get there. It was not a bad thing for women to believe that they could have done it all but also it is time that women accepted that the feminism has gone too far and yet very minimal has been seen as its benefits. Politically women are forces to reckon with and some of the male counterparts actually accept that these women have helped them see a political world like no other even though to the men, women will always be inferior to them. It is fine to conclude that women are having the power that they really of Shuchi (With 2010-01-12) as answers but it will be also true to conclude that these posts are given to them by the men who are on top. Women will always have the political mileage and the power they so wished for but until a time will come that the women will be the overall authority over men then l believe feminism has still some steps to take. CONCLUSION. Feminism came with a worthy cause and its political mileage has been seen from the days when women were not allowed to vote to the era where they held the posts themselves. It has been a worthy cause but one that seen so many sacrifices like the family unit being crumbled. The women have to go back on the drawing board and balance their priorities and as much as they want to defend their rights they should not forget that the are the mothers who need to keep the society safe. It is only after they have truly balanced all their priorities will they receive the much needed recognition and respect from their male counterparts. Works Cited. Balkin, J. M. The constitution of status The Yale law journal 106.8 (1997): 2313-74. ABI/INFORM Complete. Web.2012. Haslanger, Sally, Tuana, Nancy and O'Connor, Peg, "Topics in Feminism�, The Stanford. Marilley, Suzanne, and Sarah M. Judson. Woman Suffrage & the Origins of Liberal Feminism in. the United States, 1820-1920].� Labour.43 (1999): 195-202. ABI/INFORM Complete. Women International Centre (WIC). Women's history in America, Compton New Media Inc. Place your order now……………….


Gunung Agung is a mountain deserving of considerable respect. It is not the half day jaunt of Gunung Batur which is probably the most popular climb in Bali. It is the mountain of the gods, the highest peak in Bali and it controls the climate for much of the surrounding area. The locals told me there are ghosts up there and I met them. It is not a mountain that needs ropes and not quite high enough for altitude sickness but it can kill and according to colleagues often does. How often, I'm not sure as I don't know of any figures from which to quote. Indonesia is odd like that; disaster is regular and death common so that no one fusses too much about another. Get in trouble here and don't expect much assistance.
This account is from the perspective of a person in their mid forties 7 kilos overweight and moderately fit. If you are younger and stronger it may seem a bit exaggerated. I've since come across an account by Greg Slayden where he claims to have taken four and a half hours to the peak. This is so quick I find it difficult to believe, but it puts my own journey into perspective and makes it seem somewhat pitiful as I felt I could easily die up there.
The eastern side of Gunung Agung is a dry and barren place. This view is from the east coast.
Looking down from the start of the climb at Pura Pasar Agung, on the southern slope of the mountain, near Selat. This is at the end of a steep road that has already climbed to a considerable height and it is reputedly 4 hours from here to a point about 100m lower than the main peak.
Besakih is a major Hindu temple complex.
I arrived in Besakih by car at 11.00pm Saturday 3rd February 2007 after an active day. This was an act of disrespect. It was already too late to commence and you should start fresh and with a mind set that can only be achieved with a few hours of contemplation. A better start would be to sleep in Besakih the previous night, adjust to the climate, eat well, sleep in the afternoon, meditate and commence about 9.00pm. Arriving late had the advantage that the rapacious panhandlers were not around. I was able to drive up the temple road divided by a median strip as far as it goes. In the day this is forbidden and this hill must be walked. Then at the top, U turn around the median strip to come down and just as you start to descend there is a road off to the left, follow this to a "T" intersection, turn left and after a kilometre or so you come to a car park that can hold about 20 cars next to a footbridge that crosses back over to the temple complex. This is a great spot to begin, It is already two thirds of the way up the temple complex and seems a safer parking spot than in the more obvious market place directly below the temple complex. There must be other roads to get here during the day but I didn't check.
At 11.30pm I was packed and ready. Three 1.5 litres bottles of water, some sweet bread rolls and biscuits, poncho/ground sheet type rain gear, a jumper, 2 spare shirts, sunburn cream, a torch and 3 sets of D size batteries. This was roughly right but I should have had some insect repellent. I didn't notice getting bitten but later my arms were covered in mosquito bites. I could have got away with one less bottle of water. I only used 2 sets of batteries, additional warm clothes would be good as a safety measure and I discovered later my poncho was only moderately waterproof and not up to a deluge. I was alone in a strange place, it was raining lightly, I was already a little weary and the mood just wasn't good. I almost backed out and it would have been wise to have done so. Agung needs to be respected and I hadn't yet realised that.
Crossing the footbridge and following the path up the centre of the temple complex, I passed groups of people chanting, but no one saw me, which suited as I didn't want to be harassed. From here on I had that whole mountain to myself, which was a surprise and perhaps a sign of the respect Agung is accorded. Most mountains in Asia are climbed by so many people that you are never alone. There are guides in Besakih and you might prefer to climb with one. The cost for a guide is US$50. Compared to the salaries obtainable locally this is a huge sum but the guide doesn't get it all. The guiding is controlled by a guild which takes a substantial fee from each climber for the guild then allocates the guide from the top of their list. Having got a job, a guide drops to the bottom of the list again which, while being very fair, provides little incentive for quality guiding. There is lot more people wanting to guide than there is climbers so that it can take months for a guide to get back to the top of the list. This provides some incentive to cheat so that it may be possible to engage a guide and cut out the guild. There is some benefit in the guild as they provide some care and maintenance of the route, and ensure the guides don't rob the climbers. Locals generally climb with friends who have been before and don't use a guide and I avoid them whenever possible. In past trips I've have had good guides but I've had terrible ones as well, sometimes surly, sometimes less fit than me and not up to the ardour of the journey. I was supposed to be climbing with some local friends and friends of friends but the group which at one stage had been seven people dwindled until the last one dropped out a few hours before I left. This is not unusual in Indonesia in my experience.
Above the temple complex there is a street of art shops and a little higher, houses. This road must be accessible via a route from the left side of the temple complex as the ravine to the right is too deep to cross this high up and there is no road through the complex. It may be possible to park here somewhere and it would be convenient but there is not much space and it is steep. At the end of the road there is a set of steps leading upwards and a path to the left of the steps. Take the path. This is the last junction at which the steeper path is not the correct route. From here on if there is any doubt as to the correct path always choose the steepest. It is constant ascent from now until almost at the top, fairly gentle at first but mostly steep, arduous and unrelenting. Follow the pink paved path for the next few kilometres passing through farmland and a few structures. About 15 minutes along this path is a small shop that sells simple meals and drinks. On an earlier reconnoitre I asked if I could sleep here and was told I could for a modest sum. The woman, who was alone, showed me a small room with a bamboo bed and no mattress. This could be a spot from which to eat sleep and prepare for commencement as it is past the panhandlers and art shops and far enough up to soak up the atmosphere of the mountain. Eventually the path of pink paving stones ends at a temple. This is the last structure you will see and from here the path is a dirt track and frequently washed away but is easy to follow. It is still farmland for a few more kilometres and gradually the foliage changes to an open forest which is fairly heavily chopped for firewood. It is very humid and warm so that I have a sheen of sweat from the exertion. The light rain stops now, I hadn't donned rain gear and while my shirt is wet it is probably more from the sweat than the rain.
There is partial cloud but through the gaps a full moon is providing plenty of light. It is quiet and quite beautiful climbing upwards trough the open forest. My mood improves and I'm now enthusiastic about the journey ahead. After a while the cloud clears, during the night I climbed through the cloud and in the morning I can see it far below me. Also the spur I am climbing narrows so that I am climbing along a narrow path with the ground dropping steeply away on both sides. The forest gradually gets thicker turning into jungle and the path gets steeper. While the moon is still providing plenty of light the jungle is preventing much getting through to ground level and the rough path is hard to see. The route is clear but the holes and washaways are not. I stumble and trip and am a little worried about tumbling over the side. I use the torch now with mixed results. Without it I can see a fair way ahead but the path is all shadow, with it my immediate surround is well lit and choosing the next foot placement easy but outside the pool of light is an inky black so that my world shrinks to a few metres and it feels like I'm in a small enclosed space. After two and a half hours I stop for my first rest break. I am lathered in sweat but it is cool when I stop. It is very quiet though occasional snatches of barely audible conversation drift up from the valley below. A half a litre of water and I check the signal strength on my phone. It is GSM, using Telkomsel as the carrier, and has one bar so that while it works here I suspect it will not for much further. I send off some SMS's to colleagues and family, I really love modern communications, sitting here in the jungle seemingly far from anywhere but still connected. It changes everything. In my youth I used to come to these parts of the world and the occasional three minute phone call home had to be booked the day before, frequently failed or was inaudible and cost the earth. Communication was mainly by post and post restante for incoming mail. Mail each way took weeks so that you were effectively cut off. With mobile telephony it's like being down the street. Sometimes when I'm in Indonesia I divert the phone from the office. If I'm somewhere quiet when rung and it's a good line the caller thinks I'm sitting at my desk and it can feel quite surreal being physically in one world but participating in another. The oddness comes from the different mind set a few days here produces and casting this off for the period of the conversation seems strange. Almost everyone here has a mobile as well and while its much cheaper than home to make a call it's very expensive when the average salary is well under A$100 per month. This shows how much we value communication.
The screen of the phone is blindingly bright in the darkness so that I can see nothing else as I tap out the SMS. I like the mixture of modern technology and a jungle not much changed for hundreds, perhaps thousands of years. Its 2.00 am now and a loud bip bip indicates one of my SMS's has been answered. I was wondering whether it might be a bit rude to be messaging at 2.00am and it seems I've woken someone up. This is the colleague who was most strident in his promises to be here with me. He tells me he had been awake and wondering where I was. I reply then get moving again, I am cold now. My legs don't work well at first. They feel somewhat detached, not painful but not very obedient. Another bip bip so I stop and reply again and we keep up an SMS banter on and off for an hour or so as I climb slowly and purposefully upwards. The signal strength is 2 bars in some places but full in others so that I wonder if the coverage might last longer than I expected. I'm also wondering why I haven't seen anyone else, perhaps others left earlier and are ahead. The ground is steep and a soft soil that has been washed away in places but is held together by the vegetation so that sometimes I am clambering vertically up exposed tree roots. I often need my hands to climb which makes it difficult to direct the torch light usefully. A head lamp would be convenient but the torch is OK. Conditions are ideal now, there is no cloud and the temperature has dropped to perhaps 10-15 degrees so that I am still warm as I climb but sweating much less. About 4.30 am and another rest break. I put on a jumper as soon as I stop as it is immediately cold without the exertion of the climb. Another 300ml of water, some sweet bread and off again but this time starting is much harder, my legs take longer to begin functioning properly and are rubbery. Keeping my jumper on I resolve not to stop again as it's too hard to restart. I'm happy, determined and pushing onwards. A bit after 5.00am and another bip bip. I'm asked how much further to the top. I advise I haven't any idea as I can't see the top and am told I'll have to hurry to get there at dawn but it shouldn't be far as its 7-9 hours to the top. I wonder about that because while I've been climbing steadily I know it's been slowly as well. I am pondering the loss of youth and the extra kilos around my waist, trying to remember whether it used to be this hard. I don't think it was. By 5.30am it is getting light and the jungle has thinned to open woodland, not quite as steep but still a constant climb. I pass a few small flat open areas ideal for camping and obviously used for that purpose. In the best spot there is a tree branch has been set up as ridge pole above a grass area nestling in sheltering bushes. A couple of ponchos/ground sheets clipped together would make a good tent here. This is how I should have done it I think. If I'd left Besakih at say 6.00 or 7.00am I'd arrive here early afternoon and then I could rest and sleep starting again from here at perhaps 4.00am refreshed again for the climb to the top. Against that is the extra effort required to lug bedding and cooking utensils up the mountain and a night less comfortable than a hotel but which could be much more spiritual with the right frame of mind. Reasonably warm bedding will be required as its cool here.
I am seriously tired now but with a strong resolve to press on. I emerge from the woodland into an open area. In front of me is a cliff and above that looking no more than 200 metres away is the top of Agung. My spirits soar; it looks like I'll get to the top not too much over the seven hour minimum. There are no people anywhere which means I own this mountain and soon Agung will be conquered. I am high as a kite, master of the universe and delusional but I don't know it yet. There is a rubbish tip here and areas large enough for dozens to camp. The rocks are painted extensively with names, dates and slogans including an advertisement for an art shop. The obvious route is to turn left follow the cliff around to a small valley and then continue up that valley. There is little vegetation here and the volcanic scree is unstable making it difficult to traverse. It is steep and a hard climb but I speed up, as though the dawn has passed I want to get there before it gets much later. The valley ends at a small cliff perhaps 5 metres high and it looks climbable but I'm starting to wonder.
I can see where others have climbed but most of the way there's been a major path and this looks less frequented. What if I fall and break a leg, there is no one else here, and my legs are like rubber now, no longer very obedient.
I follow the cliff line around the top of the valley back towards the direction I've come from, but higher up. There are several other spots I see where others have climbed and feel sure I could have climb up if I have to. One of the best is a tree which is close to the cliff. I could have scrambled up the tree and cliff together but as I approach I slip and slide down a couple of metres in the loose rock. The fall hurts, I'm not injured but the pain dampens my enthusiasm and makes me ponder what it would be like if I was injured. The feeling of elation at owning the mountain changes quickly to one of loneliness and fear. I continue cautiously around the top of the valley and spot the path I should have taken. The correct route on seeing the first cliff is to follow it around as I did but on entering the valley to turn backwards and proceed up a narrow track that takes you back on top of the cliff just above the point where you first encounter the cliff. It's quite easy to see but requires you to look backwards which I hadn't done.
This track puts me back on top of the spur that I have been climbing all night. I didn't want to drop back down then climb again so I followed cliff base around to the path but the ground is loose and I am very cautious now. I make the path then climb back on to the spur. I am exhausted and having a crisis of confidence, the elation is gone. The wind starts and in a few minutes it is howling and cold.
evidence that a lot of others had come this way. If you do climb back on to the spur you are again on the correct route. I wasted a lot of time here.
Small cliff at the end of the valley. There are indications that others have climbed up here.
The correct path to get back up on the spur. This is from near the top of the path and it proceeds from near the small tree in the right of the picture to the two trees at the top of the picture. Not difficult to see but you have to look backwards after entering the valley so it easy to miss.
On top of the spur is an area of washaways and the walking is slippery and difficult. I get into one with a flat sandy bottom about a metre wide and a metre and a half deep and pretty much collapse. The wind is howling above but it's quite sheltered here. The ghosts come for a chat though I forget what they said. I drink a few times, finish my first water bottle and start another, eat some bread then later a full packet of biscuits. Perhaps I was here for an hour and a half, I'm not sure as I pretty much lost track of time from here on. I'd check the time every now then but a few minutes later couldn't remember what it was. After a while the ghosts left me alone and I felt myself back in control. My strength and confidence were returning. I decided to send an SMS but it failed, there was no signal in the hole and I hadn't noticed. Climbing out of the hole the signal was strong and I went to resend the message. I was finding it all too complicated. I wasn't sure whether I'd succeeded and gave up. I got back down in the hole and as I lay there it occurred to me that if I was finding it too complicated to work the phone I wasn't in control quite as much as I thought. Safety was my first priority so I decided to abandon the summit and head down. The wind died down as quickly as it had started and conditions were good again. I emerged from my hole and took a few pictures.
I was cautious now but the weather was good again and the top looked no more than 300 metres away. I felt strong enough again for that short climb so changed my mind and headed up again. I contemplated that nearly four hours ago I'd first decided I was 200 metres from the top. By now I could see how delusional I'd been when I first thought I saw the summit. This sort of realisation is the greatest benefit of a trip like this, it puts you in touch with an inner self that the conscious self can easily fool itself into believing it is aware of but isn't. This realisation though is always in retrospect leaving open the possibility that even at the point of realisation I am still out of touch and perhaps will discover this later or maybe remain forever disconnected and never realise. Pondering on this I wonder if you are ever aware of yourself or is your conscious mind always an illusion. You can peel away layers but maybe there is always another layer below. Maybe your soul is like the mountain, revealing more of itself as you climb but the purity of the summit is one of barrenness. You get an overview but all that is life giving is in the valleys below.
Walking onwards I look back regularly, fixing the route in my mind. It seemed it would be easy to go the wrong way down. A larger spur headed off to the right of the correct route, going around the far side of the valley I had been in earlier. I made a note not to follow it when I turned back. It was warming up now as well and I could see the clouds below climbing rapidly up the valley as they warmed. The phone rang and I could make a voice from home but it was breaking up too much for a conversation, a while later it rang again and I could make out the voice of a local colleague but again it was too broken up to converse. The signal was full strength but GSM only works for about 20km so I expect the problem was being too far from the tower. SMS was fine though. As I approached the top and I could see another peak a few hundred metres further on revealing my current goal be a false peak. This was immensely disappointing but it wasn't too much further so I continued on. Again a false peak and I seriously contemplated heading down but continued. The ghosts had rejoined me and we discussed whether I was still delusional or my conscious mind was communicating with an inner self. These ghosts are very vague, they don't state facts or tell truths but just ask questions every now and then and mock when they are unimpressed with the answers. They seemed pleased each time I discovered another false peak and I wondered if there was a message in this or were they just getting pleasure from my disappointment. This happened several more times, but I lost track of how many, it was all a bit vague now. "Just let go" was what they'd told Cecilie Scott when he'd climbed the other route a few years earlier. The path was narrow, dropping steeply away on both sides. The walking became easier and less slippery. I was walking around the edge of the caldera at least I think I was, the cloud had risen up to surround me and I could see perhaps 50 metres ahead. I was starting to wonder whether I would find my way back down in the mist, and asked the ghosts. As usual their answer was indirect but they didn't seem very confident either. Then the path ahead started to descend. This was astonishing; it was the first descent since Besakih and I didn't want to head down again. Another climber on a clear day took a video from this point. For a few seconds the mist cleared and I could see that after a short descent the path rose again to an irregular shaped mound. A bit later and I was there but the wind had come up again and the cloud was so thick I could see nothing, I turned for home with a sense of relief.
Emerging from my shelter in the washaway and looking up towards the first false peak.
It was a slow descent, I feared injury and felt certain that if I didn't get myself down no one else would either. It was loose slippery rock and more difficult walking down than up. If I did get hurt it would mean a night up here and with the high wind I doubted I'd last until morning. I didn't lose my way, one useful guide being the painted rocks. Any solid surface, of which there were few, was painted with someone's name and I looked for them as I descended. Once back at the base of the first cliff walking was much safer and I sped up. Heading down through the woodland, then into the jungle. The ground was soft now and a serious injury much less likely. About half an hour into the jungle and the rain started. Not gentle this time but a deluge, I donned my wet weather gear but it wasn't up to the task. Gradually the water soaked through until I'm sodden and cold again. It's the middle of the day but with the cloud and thick jungle it is dim, not so dim I need the torch but not that easy to see either. I get an SMS and struggle to reply inside the poncho without soaking the phone. The battery indicator is low and it's just all too difficult. I ignore following messages and continue the descent. I try to go faster I just want out now, the ghosts are gone and my legs are hurting badly. The right way to walk here is a semi controlled plunge, not balancing after each footfall but absorbing some energy and looking for the next foot fall while plunging downwards, grabbing branches and trees to steady yourself as they rush by. My feet are ankle deep in running water most of the way, I'm on my backside from time to time but not painfully as I slither down the mountain. I remember this from my youth and am surprised I've forgotten the skill. I gradually get better at the semi controlled plunge but my legs are failing me. The pain is intense, they have progressed beyond rubbery to jelly like and are quite unpredictable. I stop for the pain to subside too often and find it needs considerable will to restart. I never sit and rest but keep noticing that I am immobile again. I long to stop but if I don't get down that would mean another night here and that would be horrible. My phone battery is failing now and the handset periodically rings out its distress. I have no idea how much further I have to go but it's always much further than I expect. Eventually the jungle opens up to woodland again and it gets lighter but this also seems to go on much further than I remembered. With a distress call more mournful than the previous few the phone shuts down, I should have been more careful with the battery in case I was in trouble but I shouldn't need it now. Finally the rain stops which is wonderful and I'm in farmland again. I figure I'm home for sure and sit for a while. I remove the rain gear, and I'm warm, still soaked but very comfortable in the afternoon sun. I drink, finish the food and am surprisingly hungry. There is still one full water bottle and one half full after I have drunk. Getting started again seems too hard and I drift off to sleep for a while lying comfortably in the dirt. Off again and walking really hurts now, I hit the souvenir shops above the temple complex as they are closing and one sells me a coffee. It is approaching dusk when I cross the footbridge to my vehicle. A change into dry clothes does wonders for my spirits. I'm really too tired to drive but I don't want to stay here so I start back, planning to stop along the way. But once moving, finding a place to sleep just seems too complicated. It's easier to keep driving, so I continue on, getting lost somewhere between Denpasar and Kuta. I finally hit Kuta at 10.30pm, connect the phone to the charger to send an SMS advising I'm down, have a wash and then dream land. In the morning I don't wake till someone rings at 9.00am and in my half consciousness I tell them I feel great. I get up, and then fall down. I can't walk at all, and I feel awful, lots of mosquito bites and bad sunburn. Its 11.00am before I try again. By the next day I can walk stiffly but I have a light fever and a bad stomach. It is a few days more before I am reasonably healthy again. Gunung Agung is a great mountain but I'd done it badly and gone too far into my reserves. I hadn't respected the mountain and it had punished me, though not too harshly. The ghosts don't feel as real and those thoughts of death seem daft from this safe and comfortable distance. I console myself in the knowledge that Cecilie Scott only got half way up, but how Greg Slayden managed it in four and a half hours I can't imagine.
Looking back down the mountain from a point near the summit during a short break in the clouds.


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Cross X Productions (CXP) is a Chicago-based media company founded and operated by Debra Tolchinsky. CXP produces films investigating cultural phenomena, fascinating trends, and social ills. We are interested in questions with unexpected answers. Our films are meant to spark discussion, change minds, and encourage thoughtful engagement.
Debra Tolchinsky, Associate Chair and Associate Professor of Radio-TV-Film at Northwestern University is a documentary filmmaker and curator and was the founding director of the MFA in Documentary Media program. Her work has been seen at such venues as the Sundance Film Festival, The John F. Kennedy Center, the Gene Siskel Film Center, and the Supreme Court Institute. As a curator, Debra co-curated The Horror Show at Dorsky Gallery Curatorial Programs, Shimon Attie: The Neighbor Next Door at the Block Museum, and The Presence of Absence sponsored by the Contemporary Arts Council. As a documentarian, she directed and produced the feature Fast Talk concerning college competitive debate. Fast Talk won Best Documentary at the LA Femme International Film Festival, Best Documentary Feature at the Chagrin Documentary Film Festival, and has been spotlighted in the Chicago Tribune, the National Law Journal, and the Chronicle of Higher Education. In 2017, Debra ranked No. 7 on New City's Film 50: Chicago Screen Gems. Most recently, She was awarded a 2017-18 Fellowship from the Alice B. Kaplan Institute for the Humanities for her (in process) documentary feature, True Memories and Other Falsehoods.


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Nobel Prize in Literature awarded to Annie Ernaux - a reading list
The 2022 Nobel Prize in Literature has been awarded to French writer Annie Ernaux (1940). In an explanation, the Swedish Academy praises Ernaux 'for the courage and clinical acuity with which she uncovers the roots, estrangements and collective restraints of personal memory'.
All books in the list below come from the collections of Leiden University Libraries (UBL) and can be borrowed through the Catalogue.
Annie Ernaux was born in 1940 in the Normandy village of Yvetot. Her parents, of humble origins, would eventually become cafe owners. Much of her work is autobiographical in nature, but at the same time transcends her personal life. Ernaux repeatedly shows in her work how the personal is embedded in a larger collective story. She regularly returns to experiences in the environment in which she grew up. She was influenced by the sociologist Pierre Bourdieu. His Distinction Theory teaches that a person's cultural taste is not simply the result of personal preference, but often an expression of the group to which a person belongs.
Ernaux started her literary career in 1974 with the book Les armoires vides (Cleaned Out). Her work Les Années (2008) is considered by many to be her magnum opus and was showered with praise and awarded many literary prizes. In 2020, Les Années appeared as De jaren in the Dutch translation by Rokus Hofstede. This publication serves as a reintroduction of Ernaux in the Dutch-speaking region. In 2022, no fewer than three titles followed in Dutch translation: De schaamte, Meisjesherinneringen, en Het voorval. Many of Annie Ernaux' books were translated to English. Several of these will soon be available via the Catalogue.
Les Années
Les Années is often considered the magnum opus of Annie Ernaux. In the United States, this book was published as The Years and in the Netherlands as De jaren. Both translations had an enormous impact and were received favourably. Les Années is considered by many to be one of the most important literary works of the 21st century. On the back cover of the Dutch translation, the book is called a 'collective autobiography of our time', a form of writing that one could call a 'mixture of autobiographical fiction and sociology'. Using language, photographs, cultural habits, commercials, and headlines taken from newspapers, Ernaux describes the period 1941-2006 in France. The result is an account of this period in France in which her personal and 'larger history' are often intertwined.
La vie extérieure
This relatively recent work of Ernaux can almost be considered a diary. It describes her experiences in the period between 1993 and 1999. However, she does not simply and solely narrate her own life, but also illustrates how her life is embedded in a social, political and economic reality. Characteristic of her work is her eye for detail: she notices someone in a train, describes a cashier in the supermarket. These descriptions of people, both close by and far way, who suffer from grievous injustices, are characteristic of Ernaux' gaze. The anger upon seeing suffering without remedy is alternated with another frustration: reality is often too complex to describe in a page-long essay, especially when said reality is atrocious. The book is ultimately as much a historiographical one as an ego document. In that sense, this work is typical of the autobiographical nature of Ernaux' oeuvre.
Les armoires vides
Ernaux' debut novel recounts a gruesome episode in her life. At a young age, she underwent an illegal abortion. At the time, the book broke the taboo of abortion, but it simultaneously ponders on socio-economic inequality, the position of her parents in society and the hypocrisy of the upper class to which she gained access because of her 'good mind'. She looks back on the years of her youth and lives between guilt and hatred: her parents, after all, did everything to enable her to study. The book is an ongoing stream of thoughts on the Sunday afternoon on which she was waiting for salvation, with pain in her stomach. A fascinating account of the innermost world of a young Annie Ernaux. The book was translated into Dutch in 1990, by Marijke Jansen, and was published as Lege kasten.
L'occupation
Jealousy and obsession are the central themes in L'occupation. After recently splitting up with her partner of six years, the narrator discovers that her former partner has moved in with another woman. This discovery unexpectedly releases a feeling of jealousy she was unaware she was capable of feeling. She becomes obsessed with this other, unknown woman. During a period of 6 months she can barely think of anything else. This novel, which is often described as short but intense, is the painful, honest and oftentimes analytical account of the thoughts and feelings that occur after a failed love affair.
La honte is the autobiographical story of a twelve-year-old Annie Ernaux. The central theme of the book is the harrowing memory of the time her father tried to kill her mother; an event that would have lasting impact on her life. The main emotion connected to this event, for her, is one of shame. The question of where this sense of shame came from is the central concern in this book. To answer this question she invites the reader to join her as she shares her memories and experiences of living in the French village 'Y' in the early 1950's. In doing so she demonstrates how our environment and our personal feelings – of shame in this case – are related to one another.
In her debut Les armoires vides, Annie Ernaux describes a painful event in her life. In the years that followed, the theme was still haunting her. 'For years, I have anxiously evaded writing about this event from my life. Reading a novel about abortion causes dismay without images or thoughts, as if the words simultaneously get something violent.' In the autumn of 1963 - Ernaux was a student writing her thesis - slept with a man and got pregnant unintentionally. In L'événement Ernaux dares to write about her abortion, which she underwent in a shady alley in Paris. The Dutch writer and critic Marja Pruis writes in an essay on Ernaux: 'The event is a shocking book. It's not "big", none of Ernaux' novels are voluminous, and yet it has the weight of a brick.'
Leiden University Libraries


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Q: Google Play console shows Production status as Inactive even i rolled out application with 100% I have fully (100%) rolled out the android application in production and it is almost a week but unable to download the app (I can only download as internal tester) and not available for everybody. Google play console shows these two status for this app.
- Production
    Inactive
- Available on Google Play
  Full rollout

Google Console Show Inactive Status

Status on Dashboard

I don't know what is the reason, it is showing status as inactive but says available on Google play. It even shows inactive for Closed and Open Testing too. Only internal testing is active.
Do I still need to wait for Google approval or any setting which is preventing this app further approval. If you see already 8 days passed with first version prod rollout.
Production Dashboard

Apps current status is published too.
Question : Why it is not yet available on Google Play store?
That's how I see my app in Google Play (Pre-register, because i enabled it)Current view in Play Store

A: From the Sidebar Menu:
Setup > Advanced Settings > App Availability
Select Published
Then Save changes

A: Please check your Countries/Region.
Make sure you selected atleast 1.

A: Go to Advanced settings in google play console.
Check App availabilty is published if not make it published. Then status will become active.

A: This message is also show, If you  forget to full-roll-out, to check go to "Production" below version code of your app, If it show "Draft - inactive" then click "edit release" and roll out once again..

A: I dont know , this was the reason or not.
Step-1 : I just updated country of availability to unavailable for all country and then saved it.
Step-2: After couple of minutes i marked available to all country.
Step-3: No action, after 30 minutes. Status in production changed from Inactive to active.
Step-4: ll. After couple of hours app is available for download in app store as well. (I need to clear cache and data for Play store app) Before searching the app.
Thanks

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Background: To analyze the cost ratio and percentage cost variations in different brands of the commonly prescribed anti-epileptic drugs available in Indian pharmaceutical market.
Methods: The maximum and minimum price of each brand of the drug given in INR was noted by using CIMS January to April 2018 edition and drug today April to June 2018 Vol-1. The cost ratio and the percentage cost variation for individual drug brands was calculated. The cost of one bottle in case of 100ml syrup and 10 tablets/capsules was calculated in case of oral drugs and the cost of one 1 vial or ampoule was noted in case of injectable drugs. At last the cost ratio and percentage cost variation of various brands was compared.
Results: After calculation of cost ratio and percentage cost variation for each brand of anti-epileptic drug tablet clonazepam (2mg) shows highest cost ratio and percentage cost variation as: 10.41 and 941.66, carbamazepine (200mg SR tablet) shows lowest cost ratio and percentage cost variation as: 1.09 and 9.32.
Conclusions: Epilepsy is the most common neurological disorder and Epileptic drugs are to be prescribed for prolonged period. If a costly brand is prescribed, the patients have to pay more money unnecessarily for their treatment. There is a wide difference in the cost of different brands of anti-epileptic drugs available in India. The clinicians prescribing these drugs should be aware of these variations in cost to reduce the cost of drug therapy.
WHO. Epilepsy Fact sheet. February 2016. Available at: http://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/epilepsy. Accessed 4 March 2016.
Longo DL. 369 Seizures and Epilepsy. Harrison's principles of internal medicine (18th ed.). McGraw-Hill. 2012:3258.
Fisher R, van Emde Boas W, Blume W, Elger C, Genton P, Lee P, Engel J. Epileptic seizures and epilepsy: definitions proposed by the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) and the International Bureau for Epilepsy (IBE). Epilepsia. 2005;46(4):470-2.
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Browne TR, Holmes GL. Handbook of epilepsy. 4th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins;2008:288. Accessed 29 May 2016.
Wyllie E. Wyllie's treatment of epilepsy: principles and practice. 5th ed. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer/Lippincott Williams and Wilkins;2010. Accessed 24 June 2016.
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National Clinical Guideline Centre. The epilepsies: The diagnosis and management of the epilepsies in adults and children in primary and secondary care. National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence, 2012. Accessed 16 December 2013.
National Clinical Guideline Centre. The epilepsies: The diagnosis and management of the epilepsies in adults and children in primary and secondary care. National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence. Accessed 16 December 2013.
Wyllie E. Wyllie's treatment of epilepsy: principles and practice. Lippincott Williams and Wilkins;2012:187.
Nevitt SJ, Marson AG, Weston J, Smith CT. Phenytoin versus valproate monotherapy for partial onset seizures and generalised onset tonic‐clonic seizures: an individual participant data review. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2016(4).
Powell G, Saunders M, Rigby A, Marson AG. Immediate‐release versus controlled‐release carbamazepine in the treatment of epilepsy. The Cochrane Library. 2016 Jan 1.
Eaddy MT, Cook CL, O'Day K, Burch SP, Cantrell CR. How patients cost-sharing trends affects adherence and out comes: a literature review. PT. 2012;37:45-55.
Thomas M. Rational drug use and essential drug concept. In: Parthasarthi G, Nyfort Hasen K, Editors. A Textbook of Clinical Pharmacy Practice. 1st ed. Himayatnagar, Hyderabad: Orient Longman;2004:723.
Drug Cost Control, Government of India; Order, 2013. Available at: http://www.nppaindia.nic.in/DPCO2013. pdf.
Kumar L, Dinkar JK, Mohan L, Dikshit H. Costvariation analysis of antimalarial drugs available in India. Int J Rese in Med Sci. 2017;5(9):4051-4.


Whether residential or commercial, a boiler must receive regular servicing to ensure that you never find yourself caught with the large investment of replacing a broken-down boiler without warning. A boiler will eventually need replacement even if you take every possible precaution but reliable servicing will add years of efficient use to its lifespan and even help you to prepare for the eventual replacement of the boiler. At the end of the day, it is not only best for your budget to have your boiler serviced but the safest and most responsible action to take for your employees and clients.
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Boilers, if not properly maintained throughout their lifetime, are more likely than you know to begin leaking a dangerous natural gas known as carbon monoxide (CO2) that is odourless, tasteless, and undetectable to the human eye. For this reason, regulations are set in place to ensure that businesses remain compliant each year in regards to important servicing of equipment found on the property. If you fail to have your equipment and boiler serviced according to industry standards, you may not only find yourself facing danger to your company but also to your employees and customers.
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How do I Choose the Best Roofing Contractor?