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I just have to go with the flow. Learn more about their work at ChalicePress. Where to find a Skank Rainy River - Yesichat isn't just a one to one random chat but a chat room especially for the mobile phones in other words yesichat is a collection of mobile phone chat rooms that doesn't just allow you to talk to strangers at random but is also an online chat facility to talk to people in mobile group chat rooms at the same time. Simply saying, yesichat is a mobile chatting site which a combo of the mobile random chat rooms and mobile group chat rooms in a single package. See if the person can act naturally around you. Part of being in love means being completely open to the other person. If you find yourself seeing a whole different side that the person doesn't show the public, then that may be love.


text:
The CIA misled the White House and used ineffective, brutal interrogations
Note: Some readers may be upset by the graphic descriptions used in the report.
By Sinead O'Carroll Tuesday 9 Dec 2014, 5:09 PM
Dec 9th 2014, 5:09 PM 5,989 Views 57 Comments
Share69 Tweet52 Email9
Image: AP/Press Association Images
A REPORT HAS just been released in the US which has outlined how brutal – and ineffective – the CIA's interrogation of terror suspects was in the wake of the 9/11 attacks.
Chair of the Senate Select Committee on Intelligence, Dianne Feinstein, said the report's findings should a warning for the future.
However, she also told readers to remember the "pervasive fear in late 2001″, the backdrop in which the events described were undertaken.
"Nevertheless, such pressure, fear, and expectation of further terrorist plots do not
justify, temper, or excuse improper actions taken by individuals or organizations in
the name of national security."
Here are the findings:
1. The CIA's use of its enhanced interrogation techniques was not an effective means of acquiring intelligence or gaining cooperation from detainees.
Seven of the 39 CIA detainees known to have been subjected to the torture produced no intelligence while in CIA custody.
While being subjected to the CIA's enhanced interrogation techniques and afterwards, multiple CIA detainees fabricated information, resulting in faulty intelligence.
2. The CIA's justification for the techniques rested on inaccurate claims of their effectiveness.
The claims made to the White House, the National Security Council and the Department of Justice about how certain terrorist attacks were 'thwarted' did not stand up to scrutiny.
3. The interrogations of detainees were brutal and far worse than the CIA told the White House, Congress and the Senate.
Methods used included slaps, wallings (slamming detainees into walls), sleep deprivation of up to 180 hours while standing or in stress positions, nudity, waterboarding, rectal rehydration or rectal feeding, ice baths, telling them they would leave in coffins, threats to family members and threats to sexually assault their mothers.
4. The conditions of confinement were also worse than the CIA said.
The report describes COBALT detention facility (in Afghanistan) as "bleak" and "a dungeon". Cells were kept in complete darkness and detainees were constantly shackled, and often naked. There was continuous loud noise and only a bucket for human waste.
Lack of heat likely contributed to the death of a detainee.
COBALT was seen as an enhanced interrogation technique in itself.
A "rough takedown" was also used frequently. This involved five CIA officers screaming at a detainee before dragging him out of his cell, cutting his clothes off and securing him with Mylar tape. He would then be hooded and dragged up and down a long corridor while being slapped and punched.
Many detainees developed psychiatric problems including hallucinations, paranoia, insomnia with some attempting self-harm and self-mutilation.
5. The CIA misled the White House.
The CIA provided extensive amounts of inaccurate and incomplete information related to the operation and effectiveness of the CIA's Detention and Interrogation Program to the White House, the National Security Council principals, and their staffs.
An internal CIA mail from July 2003 noted: "… the WH [White House] is extremely concerned [Secretary] Powell would blow his stack if he were to be briefed on what's been going on".
6. The CIA lied to the media in co-ordinated leaks
The CIA's Office of Public Affairs and senior CIA officials coordinated to share classified information on the CIA's Detention and Interrogation Program to select members of the media to counter public criticism, shape public opinion, and avoid potential congressional action to restrict the CIA's detention and interrogation authorities and budget.
7. Nobody was reprimanded for serious violations.
CIA officers and CIA contractors who were found to have violated CIA policies or performed poorly were rarely held accountable or removed from positions of responsibility.
Significant events, including the death and injury of CIA detainees, the detention of individuals who did not meet the legal standard to be held, the use of unauthorized interrogation techniques against CIA detainees, and the provision of inaccurate information on the CIA program did not result in appropriate, effective, or in many eases, any corrective actions.
Following the release of the report, President Barack Obama said the torture of Al-Qaeda suspects was contrary to American values.
"The report documents a troubling programme involving enhanced interrogation techniques on terrorism suspects in secret facilities outside the United States," he said.
It reinforces my long-held view that these harsh methods were not only inconsistent with our values as nation, they did not serve our broader counterterrorism efforts or our national security interests.
"Moreover, these techniques did significant damage to America's standing in the world and made it harder to pursue our interests with allies and partners."
He said he will use his powers as President to ensure these methods are not used again.
"That is why I unequivocally banned torture when I took office, because one of our most effective tools in fighting terrorism and keeping Americans safe is staying true to our ideals."
The Senate Select Committee on Intelligence's report was declassified by the CIA so it could be released to the public today. However, the full 6,700 pages of the Committee's study remains classified.
The full report took five years to produce and more than six million internal documents were examined.
Today: US (finally) releases details of the CIA's interrogation of terror suspects after 9/11
More: How a 14-year-old girl was awarded a CIA medal for fighting off burglars
Read: Poland found to be complicit in US torture programme
Sinead O'Carroll
@SineadOCarroll
sinead@thejournal.ie
See more articles by Sinead O'Carroll
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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And donate today, at whatever level you can.
Together, we can achieve the justice and liberation that we so long for, affirm the lives of our gay and transgender brothers and sisters, and call the Black church into the full expression of God's unconditional love.
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text:
Titans vs. Ravens: Reasons For Confidence And Concern
Feels good to be back!
By Trevor Newsome@TitansTrev55 Nov 3, 2017, 10:04am CDT
Share All sharing options for: Titans vs. Ravens: Reasons For Confidence And Concern
Jim Brown-USA TODAY Sports
It feels like it has been an eternity since the Titans last played. I believe that the bye week came at a perfect time, though. Corey Davis is back, Marcus Mariota is almost back to 100%, and Demarco Murray says that this is the best he has felt since camp. Also, the team had a chance to self-reflect, and figure out what they need to change in order to make a run over the next 2 months. This is where you truly figure out who you are. Remember, the Titans did not truly take off until week 10 last season, when they were 4-5, facing Green Bay. Maybe "Mustachioed Marcus" will lead the Titans on another November/December hot streak. I think we are all hoping that it starts this week!
Reasons For Confidence: Pass Rush, Turnovers, Health
Pass Rush: The Ravens' offensive line came into the season banged up, and have lost more players along the way. Their best offensive lineman over the years, Marshall Yanda, is out for the season, giving Jurrell Casey a good matchup. Joe Flacco likes to hold onto the ball, and as a result, there are sacks to be made against this team. On the edge, Orakpo and Morgan will have to step up. I would not be surprised to see Kevin Byard and other DBs blitzing a little more this week, as well. The Ravens want to play vertically, and if this front can disrupt the quarterback before the receivers' routes develop, the defense could win the day.
Turnovers: Alex Collins, who we will talk about shortly, likes to fumble. He is an aggressive runner, but with that comes a couple of fumbles every now and then. Also, Joe Flacco has thrown 8 interceptions thus far, which is trending towards Deshone Kizer territory. I could see Kevin Byard hauling in another interception this weekend. This may not be the 2000 Titans defense, but I am ready to say that they are an opportunistic group. Each week, it seems like the defense is able to make a game-changing turnover, and now they are facing a team that has struggled in this regard. It could take a turnover or 2 to win this one.
Health: As previously mentioned, things are trending up in terms of the injury report. Guys who have missed a lot of time are back, and guys with nagging injuries were able to use the bye week to get right. It will be interesting to see how this offense looks with a healthier Demarco Murray, and Corey Davis.
Reasons For Concern: Alex Collins, Run Defense, Big Plays
Alex Collins: Despite his issues with fumbling the football, Alex Collins has emerged as one of the better runners in the league. He is starting to look more like the guy we saw every Saturday in Arkansas—an aggressive runner, who can make guys miss. Everyone has seen his Irish dancing, but not many know that it has truly worked its way into his game. He one of the most elusive backs in the league. The Titans will have to wrap this guy up, and make things a group effort when the ball is in his hands.
Run Defense: We hear about the Titans' run game every week, so I will spare you the repetitive comments. Anyway, the Ravens have been great at stopping the run when Brandon Williams is on the field. If the Titans cannot game the run game going, we may see another stagnant day on offense.
Big Plays: As previously mentioned, the Ravens want to win play vertically on offense. With guys like Mike Wallace, Jeremy Maclin, and Breshard Perriman, the Titans' defensive backs will need to be ready for the deep ball. If the Titans can limit big plays through the air, this offense becomes way easier to manage.
So Who Has The Advantage?
Quarterback: Titans
Running Back: Wash
Wide Receivers: Wash
Tight End: Titans
Defense: Ravens
Coaching: Ravens
....Looks like a pretty even matchup. We will see you Sunday!


The Aberdeenshire Health and Social Partnership (AHSCP) is embarking on the first stage of a project to provide new Health & Social Care facilities in Ellon.
The AHSCP and NHS Grampian are seeking to secure funding from the Scottish Government's Health and Social Care Directorate through what is known as a HubCo project.
Each HubCo project packages a number of projects together in order to get the maximum benefit from each investment.
To ensure the community is at the heart of the project the AHSCP has organised a public event to ask people from the area what is most important to them about how they access Primary Health and Social Care.
The public event will be held at the New Inn Hotel on Tuesday, April 30 from 3-7pm.


text:
Home Artists - A to K Artists - B Bangles, The
Artists - A to K
Artists - B
Bangles, The
In 1981, a folk-rock singer named Susanna Hoffs rang up a couple of garage-rocking sisters, from Northridge on the northern rim of the San Fernando Valley, called Debbi and Vicki Peterson.
The Peterson girls had placed an ad in a Los Angeles newspaper called The Recycler (the paper of choice if you were in the market for a cheap used car or some "pre-loved" furniture).
The resulting all-girl quartet were originally known as The Colours (with a British "u") and then The Bangs and played a set of bouncy, sixties-style tunes. Their eponymous debut EP in 1982 sold 40,000 copies.
Their love for the music of the sixties and their desire to create a small revival brought them to the attention of others (including Miles Copeland – manager of The Police) and in 1983 CBS cleaned up their image and signed the group to a four-album deal.
Their first full-length album, All Over The Place (1984), proved to be 60s-influenced, distinctly lacking the omnipresent 80s synthesizer.
An intensive first round of touring and marketing made the girls grow up fast. With their new look from CBS, the introduction of synthesizers and with the most memorable songs penned by outside songwriters, including Prince, they released the heavily commercial Different Light (1985), which went multi-platinum and contained the hit singles Manic Monday and Walk Like An Egyptian.
They spent the next two years vigorously touring and promoting the album, pausing to record a rock version of the Simon & Garfunkel hit Hazy Shade Of Winter for the Less Than Zero soundtrack in 1987, in an attempt to rid themselves of the 'Go-Go' image and establish themselves as an independent rock band.
Everything (1988) was a departure from their original material and was more romantic, rich in ballads written by Hoffs.
It was to be their last album and spawned a few minor hits and the #1 Eternal Flame, written by Hoffs and Madonna's songwriters, Steinberg and Kelly.
The four band members had grown into four songwriters, each with her own musical styles.
The original union of the band was under a strong sixties influence which had slowly faded with age and due to various commercial pressures. Their decade-long career ended with a Greatest Hits (1990) compilation album.
Hoffs moved on to a semi-promising solo career, and chief songwriter Vicki Peterson found herself in one of the best unsigned bands in America, The Continental Drifters.
Hoffs also made cameo appearances in two of the Austin Powers movies as a member of Powers' band, Ming Tea.
Vocals, guitar
Vicki Peterson
Guitar, vocals
Drums, vocals
Annette Zalinskas
Bass, vocals
Bodysnatchers, The
Bubble Puppy
Beat, The (USA)
Valley Girls
Australian band Ward 13 started out as a brash 1960s-influenced rock & roll band, working the Sydney pub circuit for 19 months before issuing...
Bitter Lemons, The
Self-taught student group The Bitter Lemons (originally known as The Orgasms) formed in Canberra, Australia, in March 1965 to play at ANU (Australian National...
Former convent girl Marianne Faithfull (born 29 December 1946) released her debut single - the Mick Jagger/Keith Richard penned As Tears Go By - in August...
Radio Birdman
The Radio Birdman saga began in Sydney, Australia, in 1973 with The Rats - a band comprising Mick Lynne on bass, Rob Younger on...
This six-piece band represented the United Kingdom in the 1978 Eurovision Song Contest at the Palais de Congrès in Paris, with the song The Bad...


text:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util"
       xsi:schemaLocation="
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/util
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util.xsd">

    <!-- general application settings -->
	<bean id="app-settings" class="org.flamering.app.AppSettings">
		<property name="cmds">
			<map>
				<entry key="help" value="List all commands" />
				<entry key="quit" value="Exit program" />
				<entry key="state" value="Show server state" />
				<entry key="version" value="Show server version" />
				<entry key="edge" value="Show edge server state" />
			</map>
		</property>
		<property name="params">
			<map>
				<entry key="appName" value="ServerTestApp" />
				<entry key="appTitle" value="Flame Ring Server Console Application" />
				<entry key="appVersion" value="0.0.1" />
				<entry key="appInfo" value="A Console Sample For Flame Ring Framework" />
			</map>
		</property>
		<property name="extra">
			<map>
				<entry key="group-edge" value="edge" />
				<entry key="group-login" value="login" />
				<entry key="group-lobby" value="lobby" />
				<entry key="group-room" value="room" />
			</map>
		</property>
		<property name="gridConfigFile" value="grid-edge.xml" />
	</bean>
	<bean id="app-events" class="org.flamering.app.AppEvents"/>

	<!-- thread pool settings -->
	<bean id="service-executor" class="org.flamering.service.ServiceExecutor">
		<property name="minThreadPoolSize" value="128" />
		<property name="maxThreadPoolSize" value="2048" />
		<property name="maxThreadQueueSize" value="8192" />
		<property name="maxThreadIdleTime" value="180" />
    </bean>

    <!-- http and websocket settings (for vert.x) -->
    <bean id="network-manager" class="org.flamering.component.Network">
		<property name="httpRoot" value="" />
		<property name="httpPort" value="0" />
		<property name="httpIdleTimeout" value="300" />
		<property name="webSocketRoot" value="" />
		<property name="webSocketPort" value="11092" />
		<property name="webSocketIdleTimeout" value="300" />
    </bean>

    <!-- internal services -->
    <bean id="network-service" class="org.flamering.service.NetworkService">
    	<property name="address" value="192.168.0.102"/>
    </bean>
    <bean id="network-event-service" class="org.flamering.sample.chat.common.NetworkEventHandler"/>

    <!-- RESTful services (external services) exposed to clients directly -->
    <bean id="service-settings" class="org.flamering.service.ServiceSettings">
		<property name="serviceMap">
			<map>
				<entry key="login" value="login::login-service" />
				<entry key="lobby" value="lobby::lobby-service" />
				<entry key="room" value="room::room-service" />
			</map>
		</property>
    </bean>

</beans>

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
package org.elasticsearch.script;

import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableCollection;
import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableMap;
import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableSet;

import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

/**
 * Registry for operations that use scripts as part of their execution. Can be standard operations of custom defined ones (via plugin).
 * Allows plugins to register custom operations that they use scripts for, via {@link ScriptModule#registerScriptContext(org.elasticsearch.script.ScriptContext.Plugin)}.
 * Scripts can be enabled/disabled via fine-grained settings for each single registered operation.
 */
public final class ScriptContextRegistry {
    static final ImmutableSet<String> RESERVED_SCRIPT_CONTEXTS = reservedScriptContexts();

    private final ImmutableMap<String, ScriptContext> scriptContexts;

    public ScriptContextRegistry(Collection<ScriptContext.Plugin> customScriptContexts) {
        Map<String, ScriptContext> scriptContexts = new HashMap<>();
        for (ScriptContext.Standard scriptContext : ScriptContext.Standard.values()) {
            scriptContexts.put(scriptContext.getKey(), scriptContext);
        }
        for (ScriptContext.Plugin customScriptContext : customScriptContexts) {
            validateScriptContext(customScriptContext);
            ScriptContext previousContext = scriptContexts.put(customScriptContext.getKey(), customScriptContext);
            if (previousContext != null) {
                throw new IllegalArgumentException("script context [" + customScriptContext.getKey() + "] cannot be registered twice");
            }
        }
        this.scriptContexts = ImmutableMap.copyOf(scriptContexts);
    }

    /**
     * @return a list that contains all the supported {@link ScriptContext}s, both standard ones and registered via plugins
     */
    ImmutableCollection<ScriptContext> scriptContexts() {
        return scriptContexts.values();
    }

    /**
     * @return <tt>true</tt> if the provided {@link ScriptContext} is supported, <tt>false</tt> otherwise
     */
    boolean isSupportedContext(ScriptContext scriptContext) {
        return scriptContexts.containsKey(scriptContext.getKey());
    }

    //script contexts can be used in fine-grained settings, we need to be careful with what we allow here
    private void validateScriptContext(ScriptContext.Plugin scriptContext) {
        if (RESERVED_SCRIPT_CONTEXTS.contains(scriptContext.getPluginName())) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("[" + scriptContext.getPluginName() + "] is a reserved name, it cannot be registered as a custom script context");
        }
        if (RESERVED_SCRIPT_CONTEXTS.contains(scriptContext.getOperation())) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("[" + scriptContext.getOperation() + "] is a reserved name, it cannot be registered as a custom script context");
        }
    }

    private static ImmutableSet<String> reservedScriptContexts() {
        ImmutableSet.Builder<String> builder = ImmutableSet.builder();
        for (ScriptService.ScriptType scriptType : ScriptService.ScriptType.values()) {
            builder.add(scriptType.toString());
        }
        for (ScriptContext.Standard scriptContext : ScriptContext.Standard.values()) {
            builder.add(scriptContext.getKey());
        }
        builder.add("script").add("engine");
        return builder.build();
    }
}


Seoul, South Korea (July 2, 2007)—NYC & Company—the marketing and tourism organization for the City of New York—today announced its first office opening in the capital city of Seoul, South Korea. The high volume of South Korean business travel to New York City coupled with residents' increased interest in leisure tourism opportunities makes the region among the most important in the campaign to achieve New York City Mayor Michael R. Bloomberg's goal of welcoming 50 million visitors annually by 2015.
"This is an important moment for our travel and tourism industry," said NYC & Company Chief Executive Officer George Fertitta. "As cultural and economic centers, New York City and Seoul have many common interests. And whether South Korean visitors travel for work or to visit friends and family, they will find New York City to be a thriving, dynamic destination with exciting things to do throughout the five boroughs."
The new office also marks the first time NYC & Company has established a presence in South Korea, and is the next step in the organization's plan to build a global network and boost international travel to New York City. The organization now has representative offices serving 19 countries. In late June, locations also opened in Tokyo, Japan, and Shanghai, China.
The Seoul office opening was announced at a press conference today in the Grand Hyatt Seoul. NYC & Company Vice President of Communications Kimberly Spell and Vice President of Tourism Development Fred Dixon were joined at the event by Michael Merner, Managing Director of the Korean office.
The offices are located at 58-7 Seosomun-dong, Joong-gu Seoul.
As the South Korean economy has steadily matured over the past two decades and with travel restrictions no longer a barrier, outbound travel from the country has grown tremendously. New York City is the number one destination for visitors from South Korea, and in recent years the visitor numbers have jumped sharply—from 81,000 in 2002 to 228,000 visitors in 2005. Reports call for the growth to continue, with an estimated 251,000 visitors forecast for 2007. It currently represents New York's eighth-largest overseas market.
Business is the top reason for South Korean residents to travel to New York City, followed closely by trips to see friends and family. And with increasing numbers of South Korean students looking to further their schooling in the United States, New York City continues to stand apart for its breadth of options. Among other educational draws, the city is home to Columbia and New York Universities as well as premiere art schools such as the Pratt Institute and Parsons the New School for Design.
"There is no better time for South Korean travelers to visit New York City," said Jonathan M. Tisch, chairman and CEO of Loews Hotels and chairman of the NYC & Company board. "It continues to be a dynamic and multicultural destination that offers visitors exciting things to do from designer shopping and dining out to sightseeing at landmark attractions like the Statue of Liberty and Times Square."
New York City in fact offers some of the top designer shopping experiences worldwide, from luxury boutiques on the streets of SoHo to flagship stores such as Bloomingdale's and Saks Fifth Avenue. Popular sightseeing attractions also include the Empire State Building, Rockefeller Center and Metropolitan Museum of Art.


text:
Defeating Interference in a Connected World
June 25, 2019 mpdigest 0
by Fairview Microwave
The wireless industry may be short of available spectrum below 6 GHz, but it has interference in abundance, and there's even more coming in the future. It's not just from 5G, the most likely culprit, but also from the enormous number of wireless-enabled devices employed by IoT networks, connected vehicles, and expansion of other services operating between about 500 MHz and 6 GHz. As always, RF and microwave filters and components formed from them will be effective tools for mitigating it.
To grasp the sheer size of the problem faced by wireless services and why band-pass and other filter types will be even more critical in the future, consider that even though 24 GHz frequencies to be used by 5G are just now being auctioned, issues are being raised about potential interference. The most recent come from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), the Navy, and the American Meteorological Society (AMS). They believe that out-of-band emissions from 5G networks may interfere with the ability of satellite-based remote sensors operating at 23.8 GHz (Figure 1) to collect data about water vapor, which emits a faint signal that would be obscured by terrestrial signals.
Figure 1: NOAA, NASA, the Navy, and the American Meteorological Society believe 24-GHz signals from new 5G devices will blind sensors to water vapor, degrading weather forecasting. Source: Wikipedia.
The result, according to NOAA and NASA studies, would be partial to complete loss of data in some areas, degrading National Weather Service and Navy forecasts of tropical cyclones and other weather events. A similar problem was detailed in a study conducted by NIST in 2016 concerning interference from 4G signals to GPS receivers.
Tiny Signals, Big Challenges
The various short-range wireless protocols required for all IoT applications will often be used very close together, physically and electromagnetically, creating a classic interference scenario. Projections for how many "connected" devices will soon be in service vary widely, but are never less than tens of billions, and even these figures may ultimately prove conservative as connectivity is one of the major pillars of every IoT application.
Even though Bluetooth® and Wi-Fi have always had features that allow them to coexist in the same ISM band, they cannot cooperatively share channels. So, a Bluetooth device using one form of spread-spectrum modulation cannot detect and understand a Wi-Fi signal using another type when operating at the same frequency. The devices can be separated physically, in time, or in frequency, but when so many are operating near each other, no technology—even filters with very high rejection—can always ensure interference will not arise.
Collectively, the signals generated by IoT devices will make the airwaves even more congested, creating dense single environments concentrated in a few regions of the spectrum. Unfortunately, operators typically don't know if, how much, and where interference will appear until the networks are deployed. Nor can they know whether harmonics and spurious signals from their own as well as other services will affect operation.
Figure 2: The hierarchy of CBRS, all managed by the SAS. Source: Multichannel.com
In a decade or perhaps a bit longer, another wireless application with enormous interference potential will appear, in the form of autonomous vehicles. To gain situational awareness, every vehicle will be equipped with at least one communications solution, and they all will communicate with each other, as well as with roadside infrastructure consisting of cameras and other sensors.
They'll also need to connect with a network, which seems likely to be the solution provided by the cellular industry called "Cellular to Everything" or C-V2X (Figure 2), or possibly the Dedicated Short-Range Communications (DSRC) solution conceived in the 1990s and made an IEEE standard (802.11p) in 2009. In either case, operation will be in the 75 MHz of spectrum allocated for Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) around 5.9 GHz.
For vehicle autonomy to be fully realized, it must be deployed in all vehicles, or nearly so, and rely on millimeter-wave radar (as today), as well as C-V2X, GPS, and potentially other communications solutions, all but radar operating below 6 GHz. As spectral congestion in this frequency range is already very high, the addition of millions of connected cars, trucks, and buses will further increase interference. But in this case, interference isn't just an annoyance but a criticality and cannot be tolerated.
Sharing a Finite Spectrum
As spectrum below 6 GHz is mostly spoken for, spectrum sharing is one of few alternatives for adding network capacity and the bandwidth required to accommodate very high data rates. Spectrum sharing isn't new, but it hasn't yet proven itself capable of reducing or eliminating interference between the shared services. With spectrum sharing, two or more services operate at the same frequencies and the incumbent service has absolute priority over the others and must be protected from interference.
When the second (or third) tier service detects activity on the same or possibly an adjacent channel, it must move elsewhere. In an ideal world, this would be an excellent solution for efficient frequency reuse, but the management systems required to achieve this are complex and in their most advanced form rely on transceivers located at every site that must be protected from lower-tier users.
A good example of spectrum sharing is the Citizen Broadband Radio Service (CBRS) created by the FCC in 2015, a three-tiered hierarchy offering 150 MHz of spectrum between 3550 and 3700 MHz. The priority or Tier 1 category consists of existing Navy coastal radars, some satellite earth stations, and a few other applications that cannot be affected by emissions from the other two– Priority Access Licensees (PAL) and General Authorized Access (GAA) users. The Tier 1 services are protected from interference by the lower two tiers, and the second tier (PAL) is protected from the lowest tier GAA users. GAA users have no protection at all. The entire network is managed by multiple Spectrum Access Systems (SAS) that enforce usage of the shared frequencies via cloud-based databases containing pertinent information about all CBRS devices.
The SAS has an enormous job. It must assign channels for CBRS devices and determine their maximum power at every location to ensure it is not exceeded. It also registers and authenticates devices, communicates with them for various purposes, resolves conflicting uses of the band, and receives and addresses reports of interference and requests for additional interference protection from Tier 1 users.
The sensors deployed at the Tier 1 sites detect interference and alert the SAS, which then commands the interferer to change channels, all in near real time. Even with the SAS hovering in the cloud, filters will be required in every end user device, base station, and Tier 1 transceiver, without which it would be nearly impossible to operate.
Figure 3: Fairview Microwave's SF15751 bandpass filter is designed for protecting GPS receivers, and has a 20-MHz passband at 1565 to 1585 MHz and rejection of at least 55 dB
Carrier aggregation is one of the primary means of achieving greater bandwidth today and has increased from just a few channels in the downlink path to greater numbers in both downlink and uplink paths. Carrier aggregation has created several new challenges such as cross-isolation of aggregated frequencies and others. In the downlink path, the user device receives on two or more frequencies simultaneously, which creates the possibility of interference. The challenge is to ensure cross-isolation and in-band isolation on both the primary and diversity receive chains.
When channels are aggregated at frequencies far from each other, harmonic content at multiples of the fundamental (carrier) frequency can appear in the receiver, caused by nonlinear components in the RF chain. Solving this problem requires high levels of isolation between certain band combinations so that a harmonic of the lower-frequency band doesn't degrade performance at the receive frequencies of the higher-frequency band.
Filters in the RF front-end are the solution to the problem and they must have very high rejection as well as low insertion loss, whether they are used in duplexers, diplexers, or bandpass filters. Carrier aggregation being used in the downlink path can interact between signals transmitted on other bands, creating intermodulation distortion in the receive bands of GPS (Figure 3).
Millimeter-wave Filters
Current 4G smartphones already support more than 30 frequency bands that require more than 60 filters. Consequently, miniaturization, multifunction integration, and reduction of components have become prime goals in the design of mobile devices, a task that has now been complicated by the addition of millimeter-wave frequencies. Millimeter-wave systems require low-loss narrowband filters that have extremely high selectivity and minimal temperature drift, and losses from the substrate are higher.
Considerable research efforts are being conducted to reduce filter size at millimeter-wave frequencies. Compound semiconductor technologies such as gallium arsenide and indium phosphide have better RF performance than CMOS, but they are more costly and do not allow the integration of digital, analog, and RF functions in a single IC. The latter is a major factor for smartphones as well as small cell base stations that use phased-array antennas with complete transceivers at each antenna element.
In the last decade, the interest in surface integrated waveguide (SIW) technology for realizing filters has increased dramatically (Figure 4), and it is likely that the technology will be a major contributor to millimeter-wave systems in the future. However, from a commercialization standpoint, SIW is still in its infancy and it will be years before integration of active components such as amplifiers, mixers, and AGC circuits will take years to develop.
Figure 4: Surface integrated waveguide (SIW) technology promises to be key filter technology at millimeter-wave frequencies. Source: R Moro et al, "Substrate integrated folded waveguide filter with out-of-band rejection controlled by resonant-mode suppression," IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters, 2015.
SIW fits somewhere in between microstrip and dielectric-filled waveguide, in which a waveguide-type structure is fabricated and vias connect the upper and lower metal plates of a substrate. SIW combines some of the advantages of planar structures like microstrip and nonplanar structures like waveguide with guided-wave and mode characteristics like a conventional waveguide.
Losses with SIW are greater than classic waveguide because a dielectric other than air is within the guide, but they are still low. In addition, as the SIW structure supports only TM modes within the cavity, parasitic responses from unwanted TE modes are not present outside the passbands. When SIW achieves the ability to integrate passive components such as antenna elements and active components like amplifiers on a single substrate, the effect will be to eliminate transitions and their losses and parasitic effects.
SIW filters have even been fabricated on paper substrates and with additive manufacturing, for which the technology appears to be well suited. Using an inkjet printer, ink containing suspended silver particles realizes the top and bottom metal layers on the paper; the vias are made from brass rivets. SIW has also been fabricated using aluminum foils for the top and bottom sides of thick paper to define the top and bottom metallization of the SIW structure. Milling and the metal vias are fabricated using conductive paste.
Interference has been the bane of wireless communications since the earliest days of radio, and scientists and engineers of every era no doubt found their challenges to be the worst, and no doubt they were. But today, interference is making the design, deployment, and operation of wireless communications systems far more difficult than ever before. As new applications appear on already crowded bands and frequencies more than an order of magnitude higher are being explored, interference will become an even greater problem. Fortunately, the wireless community has thus far managed to keep interference mostly within acceptable levels, and RF and microwave filter technology is one of the foremost contributors to this success.
LNAs and Limiters Deliver High Performance In Commercial and Military Systems
Your Guide to Waveguide Plumbing: How Do Waveguides Bend, Twist, and Flex?
Overview of RF Filters and Their Respective Applications
There's No End in Sight for Waveguide
tags: FAIRVIEW MICROWAVE
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How can your early-stage innovative technology solution solve the world's most pressing social and environmental problems?
Cisco Global Problem Solver Challenge 2021
To download a copy of these rules, please click here.
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TERM. This Contest (the "Contest") opens on October 27, 2020 at 12:00am Pacific Time and ends on January 29, 2021 at 5:00pm Pacific Time, (the "Contest Period"). Entry into this Contest is acceptance of these Official Rules. This Contest is sponsored by Cisco Systems, Inc., 170 West Tasman Drive, San Jose, CA 95134 USA ("Sponsor" or "Cisco").
ELIGIBILITY. This Contest is open and offered only to (1) individuals age eighteen (18) years or older at the time of registration ("Individual Participant"), (2) teams of up to five individuals age eighteen (18) years or older at the time of registration ("Team Participant"), and (3) legal business entities ("Business Entity Participant").
PLEASE NOTE: Individual Participants, Team Participants, and/or Business Entity Participants that have previously received monetary awards in the Cisco Global Problem Solver Challenge or a Cisco prize at the Rice Business Plan Competition are not eligible for this Contest.
Confirmation of eligibility will be required prior to awarding any prizes.
This Contest is not open to: (1) employees or internally contracted vendors of Sponsor or its parent/subsidiaries, agents and affiliates; (2) the immediate family members or members of the same household of any such employee or vendor; (3) anyone professionally involved in the development or administration of this Contest; (4) employees or internally contracted vendors of governments and government-affiliated companies or organizations; or (5) any employee whose employer's guidelines or regulations do not allow entry in the Contest or acceptance of the prize(s). This Contest is not open to Individual Participants who are permanent residents of the province of Quebec, Canada during the Contest period, Team Participants with one or more team members who are permanent residents of the province of Quebec, Canada during the Contest period, or Business Participants located or registered in the province of Quebec, Canada, of which one or more of the owners are permanent residents of the province of Quebec, Canada during the Contest period. Canadian participants may be required, in Sponsor's sole discretion, to provide proof of a permanent address, business location(s) and/or registration (as applicable) outside of Quebec for verification purposes. In addition, residents of Cuba, Iran, Syria, North Korea, Myanmar (formerly Burma) and Sudan are not eligible to participate. This Contest is void in these countries and where otherwise prohibited or restricted by law.
HOW TO ENTER. To enter the Contest, visit https://cisco.innovationchallenge.com (the "Site") from October 27, 2020 to January 29, 2021, accurately and truthfully complete the online registration form, accept these Terms and Conditions and follow the instructions for submitting an "Entry" as described on the Site and below. An "Entry" must be an original idea for an early-stage technology-enabled solution that drives economic development and/or solves social or environmental problems as described further on the Site. The party submitting an Entry is referred to as a "Participant" or "you." Participants may submit an Entry individually, or as part of a team, or as a Business Entity (as described below). As used herein, "Entry" means all submissions, original ideas, videos, documents or other materials submitted to Sponsor in connection with the Contest. Each Entry must be the original creation of the Participant. Once submitted, Entries may not be cancelled, removed or revoked by the Participant. Sponsor, its affiliates, licensees, successors and assigns are in no way obligated to use or continue to use any Entry.
CONTEST PARTICIPATION
Individuals: Individual Participants may enter the Contest in their individual capacities to develop and submit a single Entry
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Teams must designate one individual member as the "Team Leader" for contact and Contest administrative purposes. The Team Leader will be responsible for submitting the Entry on behalf of the Team. An individual may only be a member of one Team. In the event an individual on a Team is disqualified, the Team the individual belongs to and the Entry submitted by the Team will be disqualified.
Business Entities: Business Entity Participants must enter the Contest on behalf of their legal business organizations to develop and submit a single Entry. An Entry submitted by a Business Entity Participant must designate one individual member as the "Business Team Leader" for contact and Contest administrative purposes. The Business Team Leader will be responsible for submitting the Entry on behalf of the Business Entity. Any individual who is employed by a Business Entity Participant may not submit an Entry in his or her individual capacity (i.e., as an Individual Participant, or as part of a Team).
IMPORTANT NOTE TO BUSINESS ENTITY PARTICIPANTS: By submitting an Entry, you represent and warrant to Sponsor that your Business Team Leader (a) is an authorized representative of the Business Entity Participant, and is submitting the Entry on behalf of such business entity, and (b) has obtained all necessary approvals from the Business Entity Participant to enter the Contest pursuant to these Terms and Conditions, including all employee and corporate permissions to submit any intellectual property to Sponsor. If you have any questions about such authority and permissions, you should work directly with counsel from the Business Entity Participant before submitting any Entry.
Participants may only submit one Entry. Participants are responsible for any costs or expenses associated with preparing and submitting an Entry. All Entries suspected of violating intellectual property rights, or any local or country law(s) will be ineligible. Participants assume all risk of damaged, lost, late, incomplete, invalid, incorrect or misdirected Entries. All Entries (and related information) shall be deemed collected and judged in the United States of America.
All Entries must be submitted in English.
Each Participant agrees that Sponsor will have the right, but not the obligation, in its sole discretion to contact any Participant regarding a possible transaction or other business relationship with Sponsor to commercially pursue a submitted idea.
Below is a general description of the Contest process:
To enter the Contest, each Participant is required to 1) complete an online questionnaire (to be provided by Sponsor) (the "Initial Submission") as described on the Contest Site and 2) submit a 90 second overview video to further explain their Entry. The video must not depict recognizable third party marks, copyrights, brands or other property, unless Participant has obtained all proper licenses. All trademarks, service marks, copyrighted materials, and venues must be generic in nature.
Each Initial Submission along with the other information requested of Participant during the registration process, may be reviewed by Sponsor and/or one or more judges selected by Sponsor (collectively, the "Judging Panel"), to determine if the Initial Submission meets the eligibility criteria for the Contest as described in these Terms and Conditions. In Sponsor's discretion, Sponsor may engage third-party subject matter experts and judges to serve on the Judging Panel and/or assist with the review of Entries and selection of Contest winners.
All Initial Submissions determined by the Sponsor and/or the Judging Panel as meeting the eligibility criteria (based on a preliminary review) will advance to Round One. [NOTE: During this qualification process, the Sponsor will perform a preliminary review of Entries only. In the event an Entry proceeds to the later rounds, Sponsor reserves the right to conduct a more detailed review of the Entry/Participants to definitively determine eligibility for the Contest -- which eligibility decision will be made in Sponsor's sole discretion.]
In the event that Sponsor (with input from the Judging Panel, as appropriate) determines that any Initial Submission does not or may not meet the eligibility criteria for the Contest, Sponsor may (a) disqualify the Entry, or (b) request that the Participant submit a revised, clarified description of the Entry, for further consideration by Sponsor.
All Initial Submissions that are determined to be initially eligible for the Contest per the process described above will advance to Round One (described below).
All Initial Submissions must be received by Sponsor on or before January 29, 2021 at 5:00pm Pacific Time.
After an Entry has been qualified per the process described above, it is deemed to be in Round One, and the Initial Submission is deemed "final" and can no longer be modified by a Participant.
Participants may be invited to either a) attend a Webex conference call to answer questions and/or to further explain or clarify their Entry or b) respond to written questions via email. A request for a Webex conference call or email questions does not indicate that the Participant will be a Semi-Finalist, and not all Participants will be requested to join a conference call or answer questions via email. If a Participant is invited to respond to questions via email, they will be given a minimum of 5 days to respond. Participant agrees that the information, ideas and materials provided to Sponsor in connection with Round One, and any other information, ideas or other materials otherwise provided to Sponsor in connection with the Contest, may be publicly disclosed by Sponsor or its agents, and used for Sponsor's marketing and public relations activities, in Sponsor's sole discretion.
From all the Entries in Round One, the Judging Panel will select up to eighty (80) Entries to proceed to Round Two as Semi-Finalists. The Judging Panel will make its selections based on the content of the Entries using the judging criteria as outlined in these Terms and Conditions.
Round One judging will take place between January 29 – March 29, 2021. Semi-Finalists are expected to be announced on or about March 30, 2021.
To enter Round Two, each Semi-Finalist is required to 1) submit a 90 second overview video, and 2) complete an online questionnaire (to be provided by Sponsor) (the "Round two Submission") as described on the Contest Site. The video submitted in Round One may be re-submitted in this round. Alternatively, a new video may be submitted. The video must not depict recognizable third party marks, copyrights, brands or other property, unless Participant has obtained all proper licenses. All trademarks, service marks, copyrighted materials, and venues must be generic in nature. Submissions for Round 2 will be open between March 30, 2021 and April 23, 2021 at 5pm Pacific Time.
Participants may be invited to either a) attend a Webex conference call to answer questions and/or to further explain or clarify their Entry or b) respond to written questions via email. A request for a Webex conference call or email questions does not indicate that the Participant will be a Finalist, and not all Participants will be requested to join a conference call or answer questions via email. If a Participant is invited to respond to questions via email, they will be given a minimum of 5 days to respond.
Participant agrees that the information, ideas and materials provided to Sponsor in connection with Round Two, and any other information, ideas or other materials otherwise provided to Sponsor in connection with the Contest, may be publicly disclosed by Sponsor or its agents, and used for Sponsor's marketing and public relations activities, in Sponsor's sole discretion.
From all the Entries in Round Two, the Judging Panel will select up to forty (40) to proceed to Round Three as Finalists. The Judging Panel will make its selections based on the content of the Entries using the judging criteria as outlined in these Terms and Conditions.
All Round Two Submissions must be received by Sponsor on or before April 23 2021 at 5:00pm Pacific Time.
Round Two judging will take place between April 23 – June 1, 2021. Finalists are expected to be announced on or about June 2, 2021.
The video overviews and short summaries from the questionnaires belonging to the Finalists selected in Round Two will entered in the People's Choice Award for public voting. Public votes will be based on review of the video overview submitted by the Participant. The Participant owning the video overview with the highest number of votes at the end of the round will win the People's Choice Award, as described in the Prizes section below.
Note: The People's Choice Award is in addition to the other Contest awards and winning the People's Choice Award does not preclude winning any of the other prizes.
Potential winners must comply with all Terms and Conditions; winning is contingent upon verification of eligibility and compliance with all requirements herein. Sponsor will announce the winner on the Site and attempt to notify the winner individually by mail, email or telephone (at Sponsor's discretion and using the information provided in the registration).
People's Choice voting will take place between June 02 and June 18, 2021. The winners are expected to be announced on or about June 29, 2021, subject in part to timely return by the potential winner of all appropriate documents required by Sponsor. (See the "Affidavits and Releases" section below.)
Cisco Employees' Choice Award
The video overviews and short summaries from the questionnaires belonging to the Finalists selected in Round Two will entered in the Cisco Employees' Choice Award for Cisco employee voting. Employee votes will be based on review of the video overview submitted by the Participant. The Participant owning the video overview with the highest number of votes at the end of the round will win the Cisco Employees' Choice Award, as described in the Prizes section below.
Note: The Cisco Employees' Choice Award is in addition to the other Contest awards and winning the Cisco Employees' Choice Award does not preclude winning any of the other prizes.
Cisco Employees' Choice voting will take place between June 02 and June 18, 2021. The winners are expected to be announced on or about June 29, 2021, subject in part to timely return by the potential winner of all appropriate documents required by Sponsor. (See the "Affidavits and Releases" section below.)
From the Finalists selected in Round Two, the Judging Panel will select up to twenty (20) Contest "Winners", using the judging criteria described in the "Judging Criteria" section below. In addition, Finalists may be invited to either a) attend a Webex conference call to answer questions and/or to further explain or clarify their Entry or b) respond to written questions via email. A request for a Webex conference call or email questions does not indicate that the Participant will be a Winner, and not all Participants will be requested to join a conference call or answer questions via email. If a Participant is invited to respond to questions via email, they will be given a minimum of 3 days to respond.
Participant agrees that the information, ideas and materials provided to Sponsor in connection with Round Three, and any other information, ideas or other materials otherwise provided to Sponsor in connection with the Contest, may be publicly disclosed by Sponsor or its agents, and used for Sponsor's marketing and public relations activities, in Sponsor's sole discretion.
Final Round judging will take place between June 2 – June 25, 2021. Winners are expected to be announced on or about June 29, 2021, subject in part to timely return by the potential winners of all appropriate documents required by Sponsor. (See the "Affidavits and Releases" section below.) All decisions of the Judging Panels are final, non-appealable and binding. Potential winners must comply with all Terms and Conditions; winning is contingent upon verification of eligibility and compliance with all requirements herein. Sponsor will announce the winners on the Site and attempt to notify them individually by mail, email or telephone (at Sponsor's discretion and using the information provided in the registration).
JUDGING CRITERIA:
All Entries that meet the eligibility criteria for the Contest and do not otherwise violate any terms and conditions of the Contest, as solely determined by Sponsor, will advance to Judging Round One.
For Judging Round One, Judging Round Two, and Judging Round Three, the Judging Panel will make their selection based on the content of the Entries and using the following criteria:
Innovative Internet of Things (IoT) or digital technology aspect of solution: How innovative is the solution in its use of new or existing technology to solve a local or global problem? Are there other solutions available and if so, how does this differentiate from them? (33%)
Feasibility: How feasible is the solution to put into practice? Does the solution make sense financially? Will the solution be sustainable over the long term? (24%)
Impact: What is the scale of potential social impact? How broad is the impact? How many people will your solution reach? How significant is the impact? (33%)
Clarity: How well do you articulate your solution and the potential impact it will have on society? (10%)
CONTENT TERMS OF SUBMISSION: Proof of an uploaded Entry does not constitute proof or evidence that Sponsor received the Entry within the Contest Period or that it is otherwise eligible for the Contest. Sponsor reserves the right to disqualify and/or remove any Entry or Participant for any reason or no reason within its sole and absolute discretion. Nothing in these Terms and Conditions shall require Cisco to monitor or edit the Site or any Entries for offensive or otherwise objectionable content. Notwithstanding the foregoing, Cisco may reject or remove from the Site or Contest any Entry which might be considered, offensive, defamatory, obscene, illegal, harmful, in violation of the Site Acceptable Use Policy or that otherwise falls short of Sponsor's (or its customers') standards. All Participants shall use the Site according to these Terms and Conditions and any Site Acceptable Use Policy available at the Site.
By submitting an Entry, Participant represents and warrants as follows:
i. all registration information is complete, accurate and truthful;
ii. For Individual Participants and Team Participants: no person or entity (including your employer or academic institution) other than you has any right, title or interest in any part of your Entry;
iii. For Business Entity Participants: The Business Team Leader (a) is an authorized representative of the Business Entity Participant, (b) is submitting the Entry on behalf of the Business Entity Participant, as an organization, and (b) has obtained all necessary corporate and other approvals from the Business Entity Participant, as an organization, to enter the Contest and submit the company's intellectual property, as contemplated under these Terms and Conditions.
iv. no other party is entitled to claim royalties from the use of the Entry;
v. your Entry does not and will not infringe or violate any rights of any third party or entity, including, without limitation Intellectual Property Rights (as defined below), defamation, privacy, publicity, false light, misappropriation, confidentiality, or any contractual or other rights;
vi. your entire Entry is an original work by you, and you have all the rights, licenses, permissions and consents necessary to submit the Entry and to grant all of the rights that you have granted hereunder;
vii. you (and any Entries made by you) shall at all times comply with any Site Acceptable Use Policy available at the Site;
viii. your Entry does not contain content that is inconsistent with the permissible uses outlined by these Terms and Conditions, including, but not limited to, content that is unlawful, harmful, threatening, abusive, harassing, defamatory, libelous, invasive of another's privacy, vulgar, profane, sexually explicit, obscene, racially or ethnically offensive or otherwise objectionable;
ix. you will not upload, post or otherwise transmit any Entry or content that contains software viruses, Trojan horses, worms, time bombs, cancelbots or any other computer code or files that are designed to disrupt, damage, or limit the functioning of any software or hardware; and
x. you are not submitting any confidential, proprietary, or trade secret information.
NO CONFIDENTIAL RELATIONSHIP
No Entry will be received or held "in confidence" and under no circumstance will your Entry create a confidential relationship or obligation of secrecy between you and Sponsor or between you and any other party. Without limitation of the foregoing, you understand and agree that your Entry may be publicly disclosed by Sponsor on the Site, or in other public communications, forums and media. Before submission, Participants should be guided by their own attorneys as to the desirability of seeking patents or other protection for Entries. Participant acknowledges that Sponsor may currently or in the future be developing information internally, or receiving information from other parties, that is similar to the Entry. Accordingly, nothing herein shall prohibit Sponsor from independently acquiring, developing, or having developed for it, products, concepts, systems, services, or techniques that are similar to or compete with the products, concepts, systems or techniques contemplated by or embodied in any Entry. You recognize that other persons or entities may have provided Sponsor or others, or made public, or may in the future submit, or make public, materials that are the same or similar to your Entry. You acknowledge and agree that Sponsor shall have the right to use such same or similar materials, and that you will not be entitled to any compensation arising from Sponsor's use of such materials. In the event that your Entry is identical or similar to the Entry of another Participant, Sponsor reserves the right to score one Entry higher than the other subject to the judging criteria set forth below and at the sole discretion of the Judging Panel.
Subject to these Terms and Conditions, once confirmed by Sponsor, the winner(s) will receive the following:
One (1) Grand Prize of $250,000 USD
Three (3) Regional 1st Runners-up Prizes of $75,000 USD each
Three (3) 2nd Runners-Up Prizes of $50,000 USD each
Three (3) 3rd Runners-Up Prizes of $25,000 USD each
Three (3) 4th Runners-Up Prizes of $10,000 USD each
One (1) People's Choice Award of $10,000 USD
One (1) Cisco Employee' Choice Award of $10,000 USD
One (1) HBCU Startup Prize of $50,000 USD
One (1) Greenhouse Gas Solutions Prize of $50,000 USD
One (1) Ethical AI Prize of $50,000 USD
One (1) Digital Inclusivity Prize of $50,000 USD
One (1) Pandemic Response Prize of $50,000 USD
For Team Participants, the prize amounts will be distributed to the Team Leader, the official representative specified in the winning entry. The Team Leader will have sole responsibility for further distribution of any cash prizes among the individual Team Members. For Business Entity Participants, the prize amounts will be distributed directly to the legal business organization.
The total value of all prizes is $1,000,000. All amounts are in United States dollars. No assignment or transfer is allowed by Winner. If a potential winner is unable to participate in or accept the prize or any portion of the prize for any reason, Sponsor shall have no further obligation to such potential winner. Neither Sponsor nor any of its prize suppliers will replace any lost or stolen prizes after being awarded to winners. In no event will Sponsor be responsible for awarding more than the stated number of prizes.
ADDITIONAL WINNER(S) REQUIREMENTS.
For a period of three (3) years, Winner(s) will comply with reasonable requests from Cisco to provide updates to Cisco on their progress and use of the prize.
For a period of three (3) years, Winner(s) will comply with reasonable requests by Cisco for interviews and appearances, including granting Cisco the right to use his/her name, likeness and related content in Cisco marketing campaigns and Cisco-owned platforms. Winner(s) agree to execute any necessary releases for this purpose.
NOTIFICATION OF WINNER(S). Winners will be notified by phone, mail and/or email, at Sponsor's discretion. Sponsor's decision will be final in all matters. Sponsor may also send potential winner(s) a declaration of eligibility / liability / publicity release ("Release"). Unless restricted by law, potential winners receiving such a Release may be required to complete and return it within the time period specified therein. The prize may be forfeited and, in such case, an alternate potential winner may in Sponsor's discretion be selected from among the remaining eligible entries (using the criteria described above), if a potential winner: (i) cannot be reached; (ii) fails to obtain all signatures on the Release and to return the documents in a timely manner as required pursuant to these Official Rules; or (iii) cannot accept or receive the prize for any reason. Prizes will be sent to winner as quickly as practicable following notification (and receipt of any Release and related document, if applicable).
TAX CONSIDERATIONS. Each winner will be solely responsible for any local, provincial, country or any other applicable taxes, and any other costs, expenses and fees in connection with the prize. If applicable, the winner(s) may be issued an IRS Form 1099 or other tax documentation.
AFFIDAVITS AND RELEASES. All Winners will be required to sign and return an Affidavit/Declaration/Certificate of Eligibility/Release of Liability, for receipt by Sponsor within five (5) calendar days of the date such documents are dated. Such documents may include a requirement that the Winners obtain written consent from his/her employer or university (in a form provided by Sponsor) that such employer or university has no rights or other interest in the idea submitted by the Participant. In the event of noncompliance with these Terms and Conditions, if a Winner or potential winner cannot be reached using the contact information provided on the Entry on or within two attempts, or if the prize-winner notification is returned as unclaimed or undeliverable, the prize will be forfeited and an alternate potential winner may be selected. Prizes are not assignable or transferable in whole or in part. No prize substitutions allowed, in whole or in part, except the Sponsor reserves the right to substitute a prize of comparable value.
VERIFICATION/AUDIT. Participant understands and agrees that Cisco may (but is not required to) verify, audit or otherwise confirm Participant's identity, registration information, eligibility or other information relating to any Participant or Entry that may aid Sponsor in selecting Contest winner(s). Participant hereby consents to such verification efforts and shall reasonably cooperate fully and in good faith with Cisco throughout the duration of the Contest. Cisco, in its sole and absolute discretion, may suspend, remove or otherwise eject any Participant suspected of providing false, misleading or other information that may fail to comply with these Terms and Conditions, any applicable Site Acceptable Use Policy or any other Contest rules or regulations.
GENERAL CONDITIONS.
The Contest is subject to applicable federal, state and local laws, and these Terms and Conditions.
Each winner will be solely responsible for any local, provincial, country or any other applicable taxes, and any other costs, expenses and fees in connection with the prize. If applicable, the winner(s) may be issued an IRS Form 1099 or other tax documentation for the approximate retail value of any awarded prize.
Participant grants permission to Sponsor and its authorized representatives to use his/her name, address (city and state/province/territory/country), photograph, voice, and/or other likeness for advertising, trade and promotional purposes without further compensation, in all media now known or hereafter discovered, worldwide, and on the Internet and world wide web, in perpetuity, without notice, consideration, review or approval.
Following the Contest Period, Sponsor shall not be required to retain records of any Entries.
By participating, Participant hereby: (a) agrees bound by these Terms and Conditions, and the decisions of Sponsor, which shall be final and binding; and (b) waives any right to claim ambiguity in the Contest or these Official Rules, except where prohibited by law. Once submitted, an Entry cannot be deleted or cancelled.
Participant acknowledges and agrees that Sponsor has neither made, nor is in any manner responsible or liable for, any warranty, representation or guarantee, expressed or implied, in fact or in law, relative to any prize or the Contest. All warranties are hereby disclaimed; and each potential winner will accept the Prize "AS IS." All costs and expenses, including support services, not specifically listed above as part of the prize, are solely the winner's responsibility.
In the event of a dispute as to the source of any Entry, the authorized account holder of the email address used to enter will be deemed to be the person making the Entry. The authorized "account holder" is the natural person assigned an email address by an Internet access provider, online service provider or other organization responsible for assigning email addresses for the domain associated with the submitted address.
Subject to applicable law, Sponsor reserves the right in its discretion, to (a) cancel, terminate, modify or suspend this Contest and these Terms and Conditions, for any reason, at any time and without any liability, and (b) limit or restrict participation in the Contest, upon notice.
All Participants are solely responsible for compliance with any applicable laws, rules and regulations, contractual limitations and/or office or company policies, if any, regarding Participant's participation in trade promotions or acceptance of promotional prizes; and by entering this Contest, Participant confirms that he or she is not in violation of any of the foregoing and has obtained the consent of his or her employer to participate, if applicable. If a Participant is not permitted to accept any received prize, then the Participant may return such prize to Sponsor; and Sponsor will refund the cost of shipment, as appropriate.
Use of any automated entry device or software is prohibited. Creation or use of multiple accounts for registration, voting or participation in the Contest is prohibited. To the extent the Contest uses or requires functionality of any third party website (e.g., social media sites or platforms that enable broad communications, collaboration and/or posting of videos), you understand that the Contest is not sponsored by such third parties, and further agree to follow the policies on such website(s), as applicable. Sponsor reserves the right to disqualify any Participant it finds to be tampering with the entry process or the operation of the Contest or violating these Terms and Conditions, or otherwise acts in an uncooperative, unsportsmanlike, disruptive, abusive, or threatening manner; and Sponsor reserves the right to cancel the Contest should it suspect fraud or for reasons out of the control of Sponsor. Disputes regarding these Official Rules and/or this Contest will be governed by the internal laws of California. CAUTION: ANY ATTEMPT TO DELIBERATELY DAMAGE OR UNDERMINE THE LEGITIMATE OPERATION OF THE CONTEST MAY BE IN VIOLATION OF CRIMINAL AND CIVIL LAWS AND WILL RESULT IN DISQUALIFICATION FROM PARTICIPATION IN THE CONTEST. SHOULD SUCH AN ATTEMPT BE MADE, SPONSOR RESERVES THE RIGHT TO SEEK REMEDIES AND DAMAGES (INCLUDING ATTORNEY FEES) TO THE FULLEST EXTENT OF THE LAW, INCLUDING CRIMINAL PROSECUTION.
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text:
State Board Director Grilled Over Hiring Worker Mentioned In 'Rape In Champaign' Email
By Tony Arnold
Feb. 27, 2020, 6:01 a.m. CT
Updated: 2:01 p.m.
A Republican State Representative on Thursday accused Democrats of doing nothing in response to a bombshell email from a once-powerful lobbyist that refers to an unspecified "rape in Champaign."
Rep. Deanne Mazzochi, R-Elmhurst, vented her frustrations on the House floor a day after she grilled the head of a state board for hiring the state employee at the center of that email scandal, which was first reported by WBEZ.
"We've called for investigations and you've done nothing," Mazzochi said, directing her comments to the Democratic side of the aisle.Last month, WBEZ first reported that lobbyist Michael McClain sent an email in 2012 to two of then-Gov. Pat Quinn's top aides asking for leniency for a state worker facing discipline. McClain praised the worker, Forrest Ashby, because he "kept his mouth shut on Jones' ghost workers, the rape in Champaign and other items. He is loyal to the administration," McClain wrote.
It remains unclear what McClain was referring to. He has refused to answer WBEZ's questions. Ashby and the recipients of McClain's emails have not returned repeated requests for comment.
But the publication of the email drew immediate condemnation and calls for investigations into what McClain was referring to. Several state agencies are now looking into the matter. And federal prosecutors in Chicago are also scrutinizing the email as part of a wider public corruption probe, in which McClain has emerged as a key figure. No one has been charged.
The fireworks at Wednesday's legislative hearing focused on Ashby, who retired as an employee of the state's Department of Corrections in 2018 and later won a $40-an-hour contract with the Illinois Law Enforcement Training and Standards Board.
After WBEZ published McClain's email, the board suspended Ashby's contract pending an investigation into its contents.The board's executive director, Brent Fischer, told lawmakers Wednesday that Ashby's contract to help write curriculum for the board was capped at $60,000 for the full year. For nearly half an hour, legislators grilled Fischer to clarify details about Ashby's contract and his hiring.
"You're saying that you paid Mr. Ashby $60,000 a year not to actually do the curriculum review and development but to just observe some classes and hire some interns?" Rep. Deanne Mazzochi, R-Elmhurst, asked Fischer.
"Well I mean he could participate but it wasn't like he was gonna be the ultimate decider as far as what the curriculum was," Fischer responded.
"Right," Mazzochi shot back. "So what's his value add for $60,000?"
Fischer said he did not publicly post the contractual position, but instead offered it directly to Ashby since the two already had a rapport. Fischer testified that he knew Ashby because he had volunteered on one of Fischer's own campaigns. But he added that nobody from Pritzker's campaign, the governor's office, the speaker's office, or McClain recommended he hire Ashby on contract.On Thursday, Mazzochi accused Ashby of being a ghost payroller himself through his contract with the Law Enforcement Training and Standards Board — though Fischer had argued against that notion on Wednesday. "If you don't think that this kind of thing is ghost payrolling, I don't know what you think is," Mazzochi said.
No one has been accused of wrongdoing in connection to the 2012 email. And there's no evidence to suggest that Ashby was a ghost worker, and Mazzochi did not cite any.
Almost immediately after Ashby left the state payroll in 2018, he landed a new gig as a $5,000-a-month political consultant to Pritzker's campaign for governor, state records show.
McClain recommended Ashby for the job, the Pritzker campaign has said. He was paid a total of $47,500. A campaign spokesman said Ashby's role with the campaign was to do faith-based outreach, and that the campaign was not aware of McClain's 2012 email.
In a sign of the political firestorm the discovery of the email has created, Rep. John Cabello, R-Machesney Park, called on Fischer to provide evidence that Fischer did not hire Ashby because of political pressure.
"Is there any documentation that anybody would ever find – emails, text messages, anything that would prove a different story?" Cabello asked.
"Not to my knowledge," Fischer replied.


text:
Vol. 5 No. 1 (2020): Special Issue on Refugees /
An arts-based, peer-mediated Story Board Narrative Method in research on identity, belonging and future aspirations of forced migrant youth
DOI: https://doi.org/10.18357/mmd51202019628
An innovative, arts-based, peer-mediated Story Board Narrative method of data collection in an ongoing, multi-sited Youth Migration Project is described. The research explores negotiated identity, belonging and future aspirations of forced migrants aged 11 to 17 years old living temporarily in Thailand and Malaysia. The unique data collection method centres meaning making by youth about their forced migration and adaptation in often hostile and precarious conditions. Primary data are youths' narrative accounts of an arts-based Story Board that each youth creates over a four week period and then presents to a small group of migrant peers. Follow-up sessions invite youth to revise their Story-Board and their narrative, with inquiry led by peers rather than research facilitators. The method positions youth as experts and in control of their own stories. Story Board Narratives are audio-taped, transcribed, and content analyzed by a team of investigators who also have migration experiences. Unlike other visual methods that prescribe drawings and focus on the visual production, this method allows youth to direct their own visual representations and the narrative associated with them. The method enables a developmental process whereby youths' introspection, discussions, and representations of the impacts of forced migration evolve over time. This emergent, participatory, arts-based method as the centerpiece in a mixed method research design yields richly nuanced and often unexpected findings that may not have been generated through methods that are more prescriptive, structured, investigator-centered, and deductive.
Jessica Ball, MPH, PhD, is a professor of Child and Youth Care at the University of Victoria, Canada. She has worked as a researcher and consultant for international organizations, governments, and community organizations in Asia, North America and Africa to develop and reform policies affecting the well-being of children, youth and families, and to strengthen local capacity to implement policies. She currently leads a multi-sited investigation of the experiences of forced migrant youth in Southeast Asia. She has published over 140 peer reviewed journal articles, chapters, and three books. Her achievements have been recognized by numerous national and international awards.
Vol. 5 No. 1 (2020): Special Issue on Refugees
Copyright (c) 2020 Jessica Ball
EISSN 2369-288X
The Centre for Asia-Pacific Initiatives
3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, BC, V8P 5C2, Canada
capi.uvic.ca


text:
This content was published in the period between
03 October 2014 - 20 January 2019
Alice Bah Kuhnke is no longer a government minister, Minister for Culture and Democracy
Karolina Skog is no longer a government minister,
Minister for the Environment
25 May 2016 - 20 January 2019
Sven-Erik Bucht is no longer a government minister, Minister for Rural Affairs
Anna Johansson is no longer a government minister, Minister for Infrastructure
03 October 2014 - 27 July 2017
Article from Prime Minister's Office, Ministry of Culture, Ministry of Enterprise and Innovation, Ministry of the Environment
A forum for shaping the future of the Baltic Sea region
Creating a common future based on trust and dialogue is necessary for the prosperity and security of the Baltic Sea region. This was Prime Minister Stefan Löfven's message when he delivered the opening speech at the 7th Strategy Forum of the EU Strategy for the Baltic Sea Region.
"We are here because we want to have our own hands on the rudder, and not simply be steered by events elsewhere. We are here to shape the future of the Baltic Sea", said Prime Minister Stefan Löfven in his opening speech.
Photo: Ninni Andersson/Government Offices
Minister for Culture and Democracy Alice Bah Kuhnke
Minister for Rural Affairs Sven-Erik Bucht
Minister for Infrastructure Anna Johansson
Minister for the Environment Karolina Skoog
The overarching purpose of this year's Forum was to encourage a discussion about how the Baltic Sea region should equip itself ahead of future challenges and opportunities from a 2030 perspective and within the framework of the EU Strategy for the Baltic Sea Region. The Strategy Forum was held at The Brewery Conference Centre in Stockholm on 8–9 November and brought together a record number of participants – over 1 300 people from all over the Baltic Sea region. The participants represented the political level, the business sector, academia and civil society.
From social entrepreneurship to EU-Russian cooperation
During two intensive days, some 40 political seminars, workshops and other activities were held focusing on digital and social entrepreneurship, EU-Russian cooperation, bioeconomy, circular economy and sustainable seas.
This was the seventh Strategy Forum in a row, and the first to be held in Sweden. The Forum was hosted by the Swedish Government together with the Nordic Council of Ministers, in close cooperation with the European Commission. In addition to the Prime Minister, participants from the Government included Minister for Culture and Democracy Alice Bah Kuhnke, Minister for Rural Affairs Sven-Erik Bucht, Minister for Infrastructure Anna Johansson and Minister for the Environment Karolina Skoog.
Common security
In his opening speech, Mr Löfven stressed the importance of cooperation that is both a driving force and forward-looking.
"We are here because we want to have our own hands on the rudder, and not simply be steered by events elsewhere. We are here to shape the future of the Baltic Sea. So welcome to Sweden, welcome to Stockholm, and welcome to the incredibly important work we have ahead of us.
"I am a firm believer in the idea of common security. Common security is a term coined by one of my predecessors, Olof Palme, and is based on the idea that we must cooperate across national borders and create a common future built on trust and dialogue. Which is exactly what we are doing here today," said Mr Löfven.
Speech by Prime Minister Stefan Löfven at the Strategy Forum of the EU Strategy for the Baltic Sea Region
The strategy forum official website
Alice Bah Kuhnke
Anna Johansson
Karolina Skog


Producing Angus bulls and females that excel in docility, structural soundness, fertility, growth, maternal traits and carcass merit.
TD Angus at Rishel Ranch, purchased from Bill and Barb Rishel, is owned and operated by Trey and Dayna Wasserburger and is located 10 miles south of North Platte, Neb., on the southern edge of the Nebraska Sandhills.
TD Angus at Rishel Ranch consists of 160 production-age females with approximately 100 females in the spring-calving group and 60 females in the fall-calving group. Cows are calved and wintered on the ranch. Summer range consists of native grasses, with both cool and warm season varieties.
TD Angus at Rishel Ranch raises a good portion of its winter feed, which consists of alfalfa hay, prairie hay and millet. The ranch contracts with neighbors for corn silage in the fall and purchases co-products from area ethanol plants.


A broken coastal oil pipeline near Santa Barbara spewed tens of thousands of gallons of oil into the Pacific Ocean in 2015. Plain All American Pipeline, the operator that was found criminally liable for the spill, is now trying to build a new pipeline along the same route. These oil pipelines pose a toxic threat to people and wildlife across California.
This new time-lapse video documents every significant hazardous liquid pipeline incident in California from 1986 to February 2019. Since 1986, the Golden State has suffered 707 hazardous liquid pipeline leaks, spills and other significant incidents, killing nine people and spill almost 9.5 million gallons of oil and other toxic liquids.
These dirty and dangerous pipelines highlight the broader risks of oil and gas production in our oceans and on land. Drilling and fracking for oil and gas causes fouled beaches, dead wildlife and serious risks to human health and safety.
This video originally appeared on the Center's YouTube channel.


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