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November 20, 2020 feature
Searching for axion dark matter conversion signals in the magnetic fields around neutron stars
by Ingrid Fadelli , Phys.org
The 100m Robert C. Byrd Green Bank Telescope. Credits: GBT – NRAO/GBO.
According to theoretical predictions, axion dark matter could be converted into radio frequency electromagnetic radiation when it approaches the strong magnetic fields that surround neutron stars. This radio signature, which would be characterized by an ultranarrow spectral peak at a frequency that depends on the mass of the axion dark matter particle in question, could be detected using high-precision astronomical instruments.
Researchers at University of Michigan, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, and other institutes worldwide have recently carried out a search for traces of this axion dark matter conversion in data collected by two powerful telescopes, the Green Bank Telescope (GBT) and the Effelsberg Telescope. Their study was based on their previous research efforts and theoretical predictions, the latest of which is a paper published in 2018.
"The idea proposed in our earlier work and fleshed out in many subsequent publications from throughout the community, is that axion dark matter may convert to narrow-band radio emission in the strong magnetic fields surrounding neutron stars," Benjamin R. Safdi, one of the researchers who carried out the study, told Phys.org. "However, these older works are purely theoretical and involve speculations about how a signal might actually be found in the presence of noisy real-world telescope data. Understandably, there is some skepticism about the feasibility of such a search."
To carry out their search, Safdi and his colleagues first acquired a large body of relevant data collected using radio telescopes. They collected this data using the GBT and the Effelsberg Radio Telescope, two of the biggest radio telescopes in the world located in West Virginia (U.S.) and the Ahr Hills (Germany), respectively.
The researchers pointed these two telescopes toward a variety of targets in the Milky Way and other nearby galaxies. These included neutron stars fairly close to the sun, as well as other regions of the sky that are known to host numerous neutron stars (e.g., toward the center of our galaxy). They then recorded the power measured by the telescope over a range of frequencies. A signal associated with the conversion of axion dark matter would cause excess power in a single frequency channel.
"We then developed and implemented novel and sophisticated data-taking and analysis techniques in order to separate a putative axion signal from confounding backgrounds," Safdi said. "Our search is very much like looking for a needle in a haystack, in the sense that we collect power across millions of different 'frequency channels', but the axion is only expected to contribute excess power in one of these channels, and we do not currently know which one."
A key challenge associated with the search for axion dark matter conversion signatures in radio telescope data is that one may also encounter misleading signals. In fact, terrestrial background (e.g., signals emitted by radio communications, microwave ovens and other equipment on earth) or signals emitted by other astrophysical phenomena could be mistaken for the signals associated with the conversion of axion dark matter in neutron star magnetospheres.
To tackle this challenge and ensure that they did not mistake other signals for axion dark matter conversion radio signatures, Safdi and his colleagues used a series of strategies. For instance, as real axion dark matter conversion signals would only be detected in the region that the telescope is observing at a given time, while terrestrial signals would be observed both in that region and on Earth, they rapidly and continuously switched the telescope from "on source" to "off source" locations while it was pointing toward blank areas in the sky.
"We also implemented sophisticated data analysis techniques to filter and 'learn' the properties of the background from the data itself," Safdi said. "Combining all of these techniques together, we were able to collect and analyze data and conclude, conclusively, that no evidence for axions is present in the data. This was a non-trivial task, but this means that we now have developed and demonstrated an observation and analysis framework that can be used in future studies. This, to me, is the main significance of the paper."
Currently, axions are among the most promising dark matter candidates, thus countless research teams worldwide are trying to detect them. While all searches have been unsuccessful, laboratory axion dark matter searches, such as the Axion Dark Matter Experiment (ADMX) conducted at the University of Washington and other universities worldwide, have so far achieved the most promising results.
The recent study carried out by Safdi and his colleagues suggests that searches based on radio telescope data could be equally valuable in the search for axion dark matter. Interestingly, the search they conducted is based on some of the same fundamental principles behind laboratory experiments known as 'haloscopes'.
Haloscopes are experimental strategies to convert axion dark matter into observable electromagnetic signals using large laboratory magnetic fields. According to theoretical predictions, in the presence of these magnetic fields, axions should transform into electromagnetic radiation, with the extent of this radiation varying according to the size of these fields (i.e., the larger a field is, the larger an axion's electromagnetic signature).
"Cutting-edge laboratory experiments, such as the ADMX experiment, make use of magnetic fields approaching ~10 Tesla (note that the magnetic field strengths in a modern MRI machine are about ~1 Tesla, typically)," Safdi explained. "Neutron stars, on the other hand, can host magnetic fields as large as a 100 billion Tesla. Moreover, the magnetic fields are extended over hundreds of kilometers surrounding the neutron stars, while a laboratory experiment might only maintain these fields over a fraction of a meter."
Essentially, in their search, the researchers were trying to detect the same signals that other teams tried to detect in laboratory experiments. However, while in laboratory experiments the axion-photon conversion process would be rare and the resulting signal would only be detected using sophisticated and well-shielded instruments, in the areas surrounding a neutron star, the same signal would be magnified and violent. So far, most physicists have chosen to conduct dark matter searches based on haloscopes in the lab because electromagnetic signals produced in regions that are far from Earth are still difficult to observe using existing astronomical instruments, as they dim with distance.
"Our work shows that radio observations of neutron stars can compete with laboratory searches and will play an important role in the future toward discovering axion dark matter particles," Safdi said. "I think that this is an important insight because it means that radio telescopes should be part of conversations discussing instrumentation for axion dark matter detection."
The recent work by Safdi and his colleagues suggests that radio telescope observations of neutron stars could be a promising path toward detecting axion dark matter. While they were unable to detect the signals they were searching for, their search allowed the researchers to set constraints on the allowable parameter space of axion dark matter, reaching slightly beyond existing constraints.
Unfortunately, the level of sensitivity of the constraints they set is not high enough for their findings to affect the most renowned quantum chromodynamic (QCD) axion models. Nonetheless, this recent study serves as a proof of principle and could pave the way for similar searches using different data or instruments.
The axion dark matter mass range that the researchers probed so far (i.e., approximately 10 micro-eV) is the range that could ultimately confirm the abundance of dark matter in our universe. For instance, in another study, Safdi and his colleagues Joshua W. Foster and Malte Buschmann estimated that in order to confirm current predictions about the prevalence of dark matter in the universe, the mass of axions should be between 10 and 40 micro-eV.
"This prediction does make assumptions for how, exactly, axion dark matter is produced in the early universe, so it is possible that more complicated production mechanisms are at play that would bring the axion outside of this window, but I think that at present the ~10—40 micro-eV axion window is one of the best-motivated mass ranges for the axion," Safdi said. "While our paper probes axions in this mass range, our results are not quite sensitive enough to probe the best-motivated part of the parameter space, which is the region describing the QCD axion."
If they were validated in experiments, QCD axion theoretical models could shed some light on a number of other natural phenomena that reach beyond the search for dark matter; for instance, explaining why neutrons do not rotate in electric fields. These models, however, predict the occurrence of couplings that are a factor of ~10—100 lower than what the instruments used in the recent study by Safdi and his colleagues were sensitive to. In the future, the researchers would thus ideally like to gather more precise observations that are sensitive to axions in the mass range predicted by QCD models.
"Now that we know that our method works, we are going to acquire significantly more data, with deeper observations across a wider range of frequencies," Safdi said. "We are already planning future observations with Green Bank and Effelsberg that will extend our reach to higher frequencies. To definitively probe the QCD axion, however, we may need to wait for the upcoming Square Kilometer Array (SKA) telescope array, which will be transformational for this search because it will give us orders of magnitude more sensitivity. We are hopeful that searches with SKA will lead to the discovery of the axion or, in the absence of a discovery, play an important role in narrowing down the possible mass range for axions."
A new search for axion dark matter rules out past numerical predictions
More information: Joshua W. Foster et al. Green Bank and Effelsberg Radio Telescope Searches for Axion Dark Matter Conversion in Neutron Star Magnetospheres, Physical Review Letters (2020). DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.125.171301
Anson Hook et al. Radio Signals from Axion Dark Matter Conversion in Neutron Star Magnetospheres, Physical Review Letters (2018). DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.121.241102
Journal information: Physical Review Letters
© 2020 Science X Network
Citation: Searching for axion dark matter conversion signals in the magnetic fields around neutron stars (2020, November 20) retrieved 22 January 2022 from https://phys.org/news/2020-11-axion-dark-conversion-magnetic-fields.html
Case for axion origin of dark matter gains traction
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Dark matter candidate could display stringy effects in the lab
Physicists report a way to 'hear' dark matter
Physicist suggests new experiments could make or break axion as dark matter theory


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[Free eBooks] Lunchtime! Grab A Few Of These Great Free Reads!
Oct 27, 2012 | 0
Fall is in the air. Love it!
Crimson Footprints
by Shewanda Pugh
Genre: Contemporary Fiction | Romance
When an insecure, bi-racial woman begins a cloak-and-dagger love affair with a Japanese American man, she is intent on keeping her bigoted family in the dark albeit with devastating consequences. On the night of her brother's murder, Deena Hammond stumbles upon Takumi Tanaka, lost and on the wrong end of a .32. After rescuing him from the certain fate driving through the hood in a Porsche will bring, a sweet kind of friendship begins. A balm for her grief. Maybe, Deena likes to think, it happened the day her white mother killed her black father. Or maybe, it was always a part of them, like DNA gone bad. Whatever the case, Deena knows that her family would never approve, hell, never acknowledge her fast-growing love for Takumi. And had he never made love to her that way, in that unraveling, soul-searching sort of way, she could've done the same. But love s a devil that way. So, their game begins. One where they hide what they are from everyone. Anyone. And Tak understands this for now. After all, Deena s career hinges on the favor of her mentor and boss, his hard-ass of a father. And the Hammond family is already stretched thin with grief. Yet, each step Deena takes toward family and career brings her closer to an acceptance she s never had. And away from him.
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Zombacter: Zombie Survival Series
by Sean Bingham
Zombacter: Center City Contagion. The first book in a horrifying new series
This terrifying spin on zombies is a thrill ride of gruesome twists and turns that will leave you on the edge of your seat and forever afraid of the dark.
Professor Jake Northrop was on track to build the world's first biocomputer using genetically engineered bacteria when something went terribly wrong. Now that something has just become top of the food chain. He's horrified to learn that his experimental bacterium, Zombacter, turns people into flesh-eating monsters. While most of Professor Northrop's accidental creations are lumbering idiots, some are very different. They can out run you. They can out think you, and they're hungry! With the help of Bill Santini, a homeless, one-armed veteran, and a small group of survivors, the professor must run a gauntlet of ghouls to escape Center City and find a cure for the zombie plague.
Truffles by the Sea
by Julie Carobini
Genre: Religious Fiction
Follow up to Chocolate Beach! This is the second book in the Chocolate series.
Determined to turn her life around, Gaby Flores moves to a Ventura seaside loft, takes on a new motto, Be gullible no more, and begins to rebuild her flower store while searching for Mr. So Right. But when a lawsuit, an eviction notice, a near-empty bank account, and quirky neighbors invade her beachy world, not even chocolate can solve her worries as her fledgling faith is put to the test. Discussion questions included.
The Black Chip
by Gary Land
THE BLACK CHIP is the story of Noly Boots, an ex-private detective that must re-enter the violent world he left in order to rescue his girlfriend and her daughter, abducted as pawns in a multi-million dollar theft.
As the novel opens, Sarah Benson, and her twelve year-old daughter, Kacy, learn about the gangland-style murder of Sarah's brother. In fear for herself and her daughter, Sarah attempts to flee with Kacy, but is instead abducted by a mob-connected criminal and his cruel, unstable accomplice. Now Noly, using a network of friends, must find the two most important people in his life, and heaven help the bastards that took them, because Noly will show them no mercy.
A Night at Tears of Crimson (Tears of Crimson Vampire Nightclub)
by Michelle Hughes
Innocence lost and sexual fantasies revealed. Walk into a world that will have you aching to surrender to the darkest parts of your soul. Discover the world of Singe Tsigan and the creation of Gods of the vampire world. Mythical creatures come to life that few have dared explore. All this and more during A Night at Tears of Crimson… we're waiting for you!
Crystal Clean: A mother's struggle with meth addiction and recovery
by Kimberly Wollenburg
Genre: Biographies & Memoirs
"There are precious few things in this life of which I am certain. One is the love I have for my son, Andy…
The other thing of which I am certain is this: no one wants to be an addict."
On the outside, Kim seems to have it all. She's a loving mother of a special needs child, a bail bondsman and a small business owner. She lives in her own home with a man she loves. But Kim also lives another life, a life full of secrets and her secrets are killing her.
Previous[Free eBooks] Saturday Morning Freebies
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The Wild Takes Over

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Liam Gallagher is a very distinctive singer. If you have watched Oasis on stage at any time, you'll notice that he holds himself in a particular way, with the microphone perched just above his mouth. This means he is often singing upwards towards the microphone. If you want to sing like Oasis Liam Gallagher, you might start by looking like him. 😉 Remember also that he is very influenced by John Lennon's singing.
The two other aspects that always hit you are that he has a strong Manchester accent which transpires in his singing and he is quite nasal. In many ways, I get the impression that he is trying not to be overly emotional when singing, preferring to sing straight.
These are elements that you will have to practice to find the right balance between accent and emotional impact. Learning to imitate accents and particular stylistic colours is always a good exercise for singers. Bear in mind also that Gallagher likes to force his voice occasionally. Be very careful with this. Breaking your voice will not help you sing. So try and capture the intensity without suffering.
Get yourself in the mood by listening to some Oasis or John Lennon songs. This will help you visualize the notes and the way Liam Gallagher portrays them. Don't practice high notes if you're not feeling up to it. Do another song instead and come to back to practice when you're ready (for more about this, see how to sing high notes).
I know there are examples of people that do none of all this. But if you want any sort of longevity in your voice, I really recommend that you treat it like your life depended on it. We always suggest finding a good coach. But you can start with some more basic lessons before going to vocal coaching from any of the great coaches out there. Try Marjorie Searcy's Middle Voice Method or the Superior Singing Method.


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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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Bayou Jamb 2019: 3 takeaways from Jena-Sterlington
Adam Hunsucker
The News Star
Fans of old-school offense received a treat from Jena and Sterlington in the second matchup of Bayou Jamb's Thursday night slate.
Both teams combined for 47 runs on the JPS Field turf with the Panthers leaving Malone Stadium on top, 34-21.
Picking up where he left off last season, Sterlington tailback Dallas Reagor turned six carries into 109 yards. While Reagor ripped off long runs of 30 and 24 yards, fullback Jordan Townsend finished three drive with touchdowns and ran for 40 yards on nine attempts.
Reagor was named Sterlington's Player of the Game.
We knew we had a chance offensively if we could get our offensive line to come together and they looked good tonight," Sterlington head coach Lee Doty said. "We have a lot of challenges to come down the line, but this was a good start for us."
The Panthers opened up the playbook and let quarterback Hayes Crockett put it in the air. The Louisiana-Monroe commit finished 4-of-6 for 65 yards, completing passes to Townsend and wide receivers Ram Foster and Layton Rainbolt.
Jones shines for Giants
With only three starters back on defense, Jena head coach Jay Roark thought Bayou Jamb had the potential to be a rough outing for the Giants.
Roark was right about the defense, but Jena made its share of plays offensively to offset the damage.
Running back Trelon Jones ran for a game-high 154 yards and three touchdowns on 14 carries. Jones broke free for a 74-yard score and was named Jena's Player of the Game.
"We have a lot more experience on offense right now," Roark said. "Defensively, we're still trying to learn. We have a lot of guys that have never played there and guys that have moved to different positions.
"I was a little disappointed with our effort tonight. I was hoping to see our guys step up and be physical, but we didn't."
Jena drove 65 yards in 12 plays on scored on Jones' one-yard run on its first offensive possession. The Giants bookended it with another scoring drive late in the jamboree, a two-yard Jones run and a two-point pass from Jordan Jackson to Cameron Jackson.
Panther defense a work in progress
Sterlington had issues of its own on defense. Thought the Panthers were flagged five times, including three offsides, linebackers Parker Coley and Colin Foy brought Jordan Jackson down in the end zone for a safety.
After allowing a touchdown on Jena's first possession, Sterlington didn't surrender another any more points until the second half.
"We're just tiny and we have to learn to play with leverage inside," Doty said. "Jena can run too. We haven't practiced against anybody that can run like that, so we were a little shocked by how fast they were."
The same could be said for Sterlington's special teams. While the Panthers struggled kicking extra points, linebacker Cole Jones blocked a field goal to keep Jena from adding points before halftime.
Heads Up Henderson
"Fat Guy Touchdowns" should never be taken for granted. They don't happen very often, and the one Sterlington scored on could end up being the biggest play of Bayou Jamb.
Pandemonium ensued on the Panther sideline when offensive lineman Devan Henderson held on to a ricocheted screen pass that landed in his hands. He rumbled his way 55 yards all the way to the end zone for a touchdown.
Follow Adam on Twitter @adam_hunsucker


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BLACK JESUS
Luca Lucchesi • Germany • 2021 • 93 min /Romanian Premiere
Villagers in Sicily worship a statue of a black Jesus. One day, a refugee from Ghana asks to carry the statue in the annual procession...
For centuries, people in a small Sicilian village have worshipped a statue of a black Jesus. 19-year-old Edward from Ghana, a resident of the refugee centre which is the subject of great controversy in the village, asks to carry the statue in the annual procession and to stand next to the locals that bear its cart. The community is divided over the response... Here is a perfectly balanced documentary piece, a collective portrait of a small Sicilian town. The author showcases masterful portraits of dozens of perfectly chosen characters, revealing the colorful social fabric of the local life. The dynamic of a clear-cut storyline is underlined by an original music score.
New Voices in Documentary Cinema
Original Title:A BLACK JESUS
English Title:BLACK JESUS
Romanian Title:UN IISUS NEGRU
Producer: Wim Wenders, Léa Germain
Cinematographer: Luca Lucchesi
Editor: Edoardo Morabito, Luca Lucchesi
Production Company: Road Movies
Sound: Francesco Vitaliti
Director: Luca Lucchesi
After graduating from Law school in Palermo, Luca decided to combine his passion for justice and stories into filmmaking. Since 2009 he has been assisting German director Wim Wenders on several projects as 1st AD, editor, and cinematographer. His first film was Bachelor Party, a short documentary which was part of the collective documentary project Istanbul Express, shown at Cannes Critics' Week in 2011. A Black Jesus is Luca's first feature film as a director.
631_2021 A Black Jesus_Poster
631_2021 A Black Jesus_Still (4)
2019_luca-lucchesi_regizor
631_2021 A Black Jesus_Still (3


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Dependences of characteristics of deep silicon etching on various process parameters are investigated. The method of planning multifactorial experiment is applied to a finding of the optimum recipes providing high selectivity to a mask and decrease of ARDE. Results of research are used by manufacturing of real MEMS structures.


Australian helmer Phillip Noyce is prepping Rats of Tobruk, a World War II feature inspired by experiences his father shared of a brave band of untrained Oz soldiers. Nascent Canberra- and Los Angeles-based DEMS Entertainment is partnering to co-produce and finance the drama which is eyeing a 2019 production start.
The Rats of Tobruk was the name given to the soldiers of the garrison who held the Libyan port against a German-Italian army commanded by Gen.Erwin Rommel during the 1941 Siege of Tobruk. The film will follow a group of eight soldiers from the 13th battalion who, outgunned and outnumbered, helped turn the tide of the war.
Noyce, the director of such features as Rabbit Proof Fence, The Bone Collector and Clear and Present Danger, recently wrapped production on the Fox medical drama The Resident starring Emily Van Camp and Matt Czuchry, after directing the Emilia Clarke thriller Above Suspicion for Bold Films. On Wednesday night in Australia, he will receive the Lifetime Achievement honor at Oz's AACTA Awards.
Noyce will produce Rats of Tobruk alongside DEMS Entertainment chairman John De Margheriti. The company was established by the De Margheriti family this year as a platform to finance and produce projects for film and television. The studio has committed $200 million over the next five years to develop, finance and produce content under the DEMS Entertainment banner.
"Our goal is to seek out original material and work with local and international talent to bring these stories to life. We are looking forward to working with Phillip on this incredible true story," says De Margheriti.
The DEMS Entertainment team includes director Vicki De Margheriti, president Adam Kline, board member David De Margheriti and founding partner Emily De Margheriti.


March 11, 2013 is a day I'll remember. That was the day I lost one of my best friends. I'm writing this so I'll never forget some of my bud's actions, reactions and attributes that made him what he was. People call dogs man's best friend and in this case that proved to be true for me in many ways.
I brought Tyler home from Madison Indiana in June of 2005, when he was just 7 weeks old. We had the vet there lie about his age because the FAA required a pup to be 8 weeks old in order to fly on a plane.
I picked Ty out of the litter because when he and his brothers and sisters were learning to eat solid food, the dish from which they were eating was taken away. Some of the pups tried to attack whoever was taking their food, a couple just stood there, and two, Ty and his little sister, turned and walk away. It was thought that the ones that walked away during this little test would be the smartest of the bunch. Turns out I never saw any dog as smart as he turned out to be.
I still remember every detail of the getting that little pup home. Things went well on the flight from Indianapolis to Chicago. The plane's seats were high enough off the floor for Ty's carrier to fit under them. He was the center of attention at O'Hare, and some young girl carried my things through the airport screening area so I could manage him and his carrier. The plane for the flight from Chicago to Spokane had to be held on the runway because his carrier wouldn't fit under a seat. This plane's seats were lower to floor. The flight attendants had to make some guy move from an exit row to allow Ty and I the room we needed before the plane could take off. It was a full fight and I don't think many of the passengers were as happy to have a Doberman pup with them as I was. It was late when we got home so I let him sleep on our bed. He had kind of a messy accident on the bed that first night, oops.
Ty, Tyler, Teedoo, Tyyoo, Tee was supposed to be Sarah's dog. It never worked out that way. He was with me all day every day. I had heard a trait of Dobermans was their attachment to one person. That was never in doubt with Ty. He was mine and I was his hands down. Ty helped me put in an underground sprinkler system that summer he arrived here. To keep him occupied, I made the mistake of letting him chew on pieces of the plastic water line. I lost count of the number of lines I had to replace in his first year. It seemed he thought it was his job to dig those lines up. I did after all let him chew on that plastic pipe all he wanted. I could never get too upset at him for doing it, my mistake caused it.
When Ty was 6 months old he and I went through obedience training. The beginner's program was supposed to last 6 weeks. After the second week the instructor kept us after class. She told me Ty was being called "Mr. Perfect" by the other people in the class so she was moving Ty and me up to the Intermediate training class the next week. Things weren't much tougher for him in the intermediate class so she moved us up to the advanced group 2 weeks later. I discovered Tyler wanted to learn and usually only had to be shown something one time. To graduate from Advanced, you had to have the dog sit and stay while you went and hid yourself in a large retail store out of sight. The instructor then told the dog to "seek". I had crawled up into a pallet rack and hid behind bags of dog food some distance away. I couldn't hear when the instructor gave Ty the command but it didn't take long for me to come out of hiding because he had not only found me but was ripping up the bags of dog food trying to climb up where I was at. The instructor timed the event and again asked us to stay after class. She told me that of the hundreds of dogs she had trained, she had seen very few as smart as Ty and wanted to test his intelligent using a standard testing method. The test involved a number of commands that she timed using a stop watch. One of the tests I remember was having him watch a tropical fish tank while I walked away after giving him the command to watch the fish (watch-em). The idea was how long the dog could focus on the task. What we saw Ty doing was watching my reflection in the tank's glass. While keeping his head still so we would think he was doing what he'd been told, he was in fact keeping his eyes on me. The instructor told me he tested in the upper 10% of every part of the test and was the most intelligent dog she'd ever tested.
I took Ty with me nearly everywhere I went. I had a standard cab pickup at the time. While he had no trouble jumping up onto the seat, I taught him to stop with his front paws up so I could wipe his feet. This also turned out to be something of a bad habit as he got older and wanted me to lift his backend into my truck even though he could and would jump into the truck whenever he wanted. I ended up selling the standard cab pickup and going with an extended cab model so Ty could have his own space. Ty had his own space in our boat and motorhome as well.
Ty loved going fishing. We had a motorhome at a resort and a boat docked there. Ty would prance through the resort to the boat anytime we picked up our poles. He was somewhat spoiled. We would pack his stuffed animal (his teddy) a bone, water, and his blanket along with all of our fishing gear. He had his place in the boat and loved to check out every fish we got into the boat.
Years after we were no longer at that resort, but returned to that same dock to fish, Ty would walk down the dock to the space our boat had been and would have jumped into the boat docked where ours had been had I not stopped him. He would sit on that dock with me rain or shine as long as I was there.
The rare times I left him at home when I went somewhere, he would smile at me when I got home. He had an odd thing he would do when he smiled. He would show his teeth and wrinkle his nose. His smiles were always at appropriate times and he never did that to anyone else. He was always on his best behavior when I took him places. I don't remember having to raise my voice to him and I don't recall having to scold him much even as a pup.
He would tiptoe like a cat. While doing this, he would move each of his four legs in as slow of motion as he could and still maintain his balance. Much like a cat does when stalking. It was something to see a 100 pound dog walk in slow motion.
When he played, he would jump around in a circle. Once while on a beach at the Oregon coast, he was chasing his buddy Chazy full speed across the sand. Janet made the mistake of not getting out of his way. Ty hit Janet with his shoulder sending her parallel with the ground. It looked from a distance like an amazing open field tackle. Both Janet and Ty were fine.
Any stuffed animal became his teddy and he would greet Janet every night she got home from work with a teddy for her. He would bring other people he liked a teddy as his way of greeting them. If one of the other dogs had a toy that made a noise he didn't like or if the noise of the toy was disrupting his nap, he would get up and take whatever toy was making the noise and lay on it.
Ty wasn't without his rudeness. If I ever left him over night, which I seldom did, he would hide in the basement and not come up for anybody. I don't remember many accidents in the house from those events. If a person or a dog was around he really didn't like and he was stuck in a room with them, he would sit with his back to them or keep his head turned away from them so he wouldn't have to look at those he didn't like.
He would mother new pups, and wrinkle his lip as a warning when needed. He was hard to walk because he was constantly attempting to be protective and would aggressively bark at any large dog along the way. He loved to go for walks and even on his last day, him on 3 legs and I went for a little walk.
He didn't seem to have much of a problem with small dogs but was very aggressive towards bigger ones. If we introduced him to a new smaller dog and we called them "babies", he was generally accepting of them. I could tell Ty to go get "the baby", or go get some other dog we had and he would go get them and bring them back. Our next door neighbors had a wolf that would frequently get out of their yard. That wolf could be very stubborn. When asked by my neighbor for help Ty would always find his buddy the wolf and get him turned back towards home.
He probably knew 20 or so words and I never had any trouble understanding him. There were times I told him to do something and he would just look at me. An example of this would be telling him to go out in the rain. He'd go but only if I would go with him. Another example would be for me to tell Ty to bring me a "teddy" only to discover the door to the room they were located was closed. He would pee or poop on command even if it took him some time to accomplish it. He would rattle his food dish or step on the food bag when he wanted to be fed. If I ignored him long enough, he would pick his food bowl up and bring it to me so he knew that I fully understood what he'd been trying to tell me.
Dexter was another Doberman I got thinking Ty would play with dog like himself. Ty and Dexter would play. Once when I was downstairs in the shower, the whole house started shaking. Thinking there was an earthquake I jumped out of the shower and opened the bathroom door. Just as I did, Dexter came running by with Ty close behind. They had been playing upstairs directly above me and their mass while playing was causing the house to shake.
One of the more amazing things I saw him do happened when an old cat we had was dying. The cat, looking for a place to crawl in and die, ended up hiding under a corner bench. Two other dogs were here at the time. Those two dogs, sensing the cat's vulnerability, were attempting to get into the small area where the cat was hiding. Ty came from another room of the house and got between the two dogs and the cat. He growled at the dogs as a warning for them to leave the old cat alone. He then laid down in front of the cat protecting it. The two dogs gave up harassing the old cat and left it alone.
In the summer of 2012 Ty sustained a neck injury. While he somewhat recovered, he was constantly reinjuring himself.
Ty was then diagnosed with Wobblers. Even though I could treat some of the symptoms, x-rays convinced me that the older he got, the more painful his life would become regardless of surgical intervention.
I decided to not let Ty suffer any more pain and end his life while he was still happy and functioning.
As painful as this was for me, it was the right thing to do for him. Ty was still waging his tail while I was petting him the morning of his death. He fought going to sleep when the Vet gave him the sedative and I had to tell him it was OK to go to sleep. I had to close his eyes. A few months before this, Janet said something to the effect that "Tyler would be looking for me until his dying breath". How painfully true that statement turned out to be.
The Bible is not real clear on the issue of having our pets in Heaven. I have however found some comfort in thinking of my Dad and Tyler together and caring for each other as much as I cared for both of them.
This is my tribute to Tyler. There will never be another like him. I had Ty with me when I was learning to be by myself after having retired. I never felt alone when he was with me. I found he was a faithful of friend as you could have, and of all the friends I had in life, he was one of my best.


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Vaping has quickly grown from an unknown niche market into a billion dollar industry. That has inevitably lead to many questions from consumers wondering what does vaping do, or is vape a drug? The basic answer is that a vaping is inhalation of the water vapor created by heating a given material. Vaporizers are almost always powered by batteries, either internal or externally charged. While many things can be vaporized, the most popular material is called e-liquid or vape juice.
But these are just the absolute basics. We'll go over each component of a vaporizer in more detail as we go along. But first, we're going to go over the history of vaping and how we ended up with such a wide variety of different style vaporizers. Next, we'll go over exactly what's in vape and is vape a drug. Finally, we'll go over the best way to ensure a consistently excellent experience from your vape and e-liquid.
While humans have known about vaporization for thousands of years, it wasn't until the last ten years or so that it became a viable alternative to smoking. The first modern commercial vaporizers were created by Hon Lik, a Chinese Pharmacist. He developed the devices after the death of his father from lung cancer caused by a lifetime of smoking. These first models utilized very basic technology, but the overall style has remained popular for many simpler vaporizers. These devices are known as cig-a-likes, and they're designed to resemble traditional cigarettes. Although as time goes on more makers of this style of vape are opting for new and unique designs. The distinguishing factor for cig-a-likes is the focus on portability and frequently disposability. They're also usually the cheapest option in regards to starting costs.
At first the only vaping was done on cig-a-like style vaporizers. But as advanced users longed for more powerful and versatile vapes, manufacturers developed larger devices called vape pens. These devices retain the portability minded nature of cig-a-likes, but introduced a much wider variety of accessories including different tanks and atomizers. Unlike many cig-a-likes, these vapes are designed to be repeatedly used, only replacing the coils as they get dirty. These were also the first devices to utilize replaceable coils, making the upkeep costs of vape pens much lower than cig-a-likes. But advanced vapers were not satisfied there, wishing for more customizable and powerful vaping experiences.
As vaping grew into its own as an industry, more manufacturers began making and selling hefty vaporizers called box mods. These box-like devices housed either externally charged, or internal batteries, as well as the chipset and circuitry that makes everything work. With box mods, the atomizer is either sold separately or together with a box mod in what's called a starter kit. These powerful vapes have greatly expanded the variety of things that could be accomplished, especially in regards to power controls. It was with box mods that you first started to see sophisticated temperature and wattage controls that allowed for precise control over your experience.
All of these types of vaporizers can still be found today. From advanced cig-a-likes that function better than many high-end devices from five years ago to top-quality mods that push the very boundaries of what's possible, what is vaping can often depend on precisely what kind of vaping you're talking about. So first let's ensure that you fully understand each part of a typical vaporizer.
Most every vaporizer you'll find on the market today is made up of the same basic set of parts. The only real difference is how advanced and powerful each component is. The best way to understand the different pieces is by breaking them into three major categories, cartridges, atomizers, and batteries.
Cartridges can represent a wide variety of different pieces depending on what type of vaporizer you're using. Generally speaking, the cartridge can be viewed as the piece that houses the atomizer. In some cases, such as cig-a-likes, the cartridge and atomizer are essentially the same piece, as the atomizer is not replaceable. With these vapes, you usually have to dispose of the entire cartridge when replacing the atomizer.
That isn't the case with most pens and box mods. Pens will occasionally have a cartridge without an option for a replaceable atomizer, but most modern vaporizers take advantage of premade, replaceable coils. With these devices, the cartridge, or tank, should be viewed as separate from the atomizer, as the coils can be replaced without having to purchase a new cartridge.
The atomizer is the heating element that vaporizes your material. That is typically a wire coil, but as the technology improves new types of coil-less atomizers are becoming more viable. With most pens, the atomizer is a pre-made coil that can be purchased and replaced as needed. This idea was taken even further for many box mods, which use rebuildable coils. This advanced technique requires the vaper to construct their coils out of metal wire and some basic tools. While it takes much longer and more knowledge to pull off, the results are hands down the best you can get.
The battery is simply the power source for your vape. Cig-a-likes often use disposable internal batteries, but many are rechargeable so be sure to double check. Vape pens usually have internal batteries like cig-a-likes, but they're not disposable and tend to be much larger and more powerful. Box mods on the other hand often use extremely powerful 18650 externally charged batteries. These high-quality and versatile cells are quickly becoming the standard for advanced mods. But that doesn't mean there aren't any mods that utilize internal batteries, in fact as the technology improves some prefer the ease of having an internally charged box mod.
One of the most common questions we are asked regarding what's in vape is if vaping is a drug. Given what you hear in the media and the inconsistency in reporting, it's no wonder why so many seem to be unsure about this very basic question. The bottom line is that vaping is not a drug in and of itself. Vaping, like smoking, is an intake method for a nearly infinite number of different substances. That means your vaporizer can be used to vape lots of different things, some which would be considered a drug and others which would never be seen that way.
Many vapers use e-liquids in their vaporizers that contain nicotine, but a substantial portion of the vaping population uses juice that is entirely nicotine free. Vaporizers are also often used to take marijuana, where oil or wax is vaporized instead of e-liquid. Even in these cases though, vaping shouldn't be considered a drug because the vape itself is not the drug, it's just part of the delivery method. That would be like calling carbonated drinks beer because beer has carbonation. That being said, both nicotine and marijuana will be detected in a drug test taken by someone who had been vaping either substance. So keep that in mind if you're trying to keep things on the down low.
E-liquid is the most commonly used substance in vaporizers across the world, but what exactly is in them? The answer may surprise you with how simple it is. In fact, e-liquids only contain a few key ingredients. The two primary substances in any e-liquid are Propylene Glycol (PG) and Vegetable Glycerin (VG). These substances are both known as GRAS or Generally Recognized As Safe by the FDA, and can be found in many everyday products.
These tasteless substances are perfect for fostering massive clouds and potent flavors depending on the ratio at which they're mixed. You'll find all types of blends, from pure PG or VG to 50/50 splits and everything in between. PG is a thin liquid that is better at carrying flavor than VG, but it produces less thick clouds. Finding the right balance for you is vital for any vaper who is just starting out.
The only other substances found in e-liquids are nicotine if it's desired, and food-grade flavorings. The flavorings used in e-liquids are the same found many foods you eat on a regular basis. The key thing to remember when looking at the added flavoring is whether or not they used oil-based flavorings. These have been known to cause adverse effects and should be avoided whenever possible.
Many new vapers, when not directed otherwise, end up taking huge pulls as if they're smoking a cigarette. While big drags are more satisfying while smoking, the best way to vape is actually by taking long and slow pulls. You should aim to heat up your vape to the proper temperature before starting a natural breath-like drag. This method is the best way to produce massive, satisfying clouds; Not to mention it's much less harsh on your lungs.
The last thing you need to do to ensure a fantastic vaping experience is appropriately preparing and maintaining your vaporizer. That means making sure that your batteries are fully charged before using, and not overusing a dirty coil. Little changes like these can have a significant impact on your results. Finally, you must make sure you're using the correct type of e-liquid for what you want. If you're looking for humongous clouds, opt for a high VG liquid, while if you want excellent flavor, a high PG liquid is ideal.
Once you've gotten everything down and are consistently creating massive clouds, you may want to consider working on vape tricks. These evolved versions of classic smoke tricks have become one of the most influential sections of the vaping industry. Be sure to check out our guide to getting started with vape tricks.
Vaping can be a lot of different things. Learning about vape can seem challenging because of it, but the truth is it's quite simple. So what is vaping? Vaping is the act of inhaling vapor produced by heating a material without burning. Whether or not it contains nicotine or drugs is entirely up to the user, not the act of vaping. Ultimately, most vape is made of common PG and VG plus natural flavorings, not anything sinister. Unfortunately, many still view vaping as harmful despite the growing evidence for it as a powerful harm reduction and smoking cessation tool. That's why it's important we educate as many people as possible about what's in vape.
Excellent post Jimmy. I've been looking for something exactly like this to post to my 41,000 monthly readers, much obliged.


We take education seriously at Harmony Church. Between 10:15 and 11:00, classes for pre-schoolers to senior adults are held all over the building. Plans are underway to develop a class for younger adults. Middle schoolers sit on bean bag chairs in a room they helped to design. Senior highs often cook breakfast together as they discuss the day's topic.
If you attend the 9:00 a.m. service, grab a cup of coffee and a pastry or some fruit in our multi-purpose room (Henry Hall) and head off to one of our classes. You will be welcome.


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The Impact of the US Attacks on North Korea
You are here: Home » NAPSNet » Special Policy Forum 9/11 » The Impact of the US Attacks on North Korea
Brent Choi, "The Impact of the US Attacks on North Korea", Special Policy Forum 9/11, September 14, 2001, https://nautilus.org/napsnet/special-policy-forum-911/the-impact-of-the-us-attacks-on-north-korea/
By Brent Choi
The following essay was contributed by Brent Choi, editor/research of the Joong-Ang Daily newspaper in Seoul. Choi examines the possible repercussions of the recent terrorist attacks on the US on the rapprochement process on the Korean Peninsula. He argues that given the likelihood of a more hard-line US policy resulting from the attacks, the DPRK will need to act quickly to make conciliatory gestures toward the ROK and the US to put the sunshine policy back on track.
II. Essay by Brent Choi
The Impact of the US Attacks on North Korea by Brent Choi, editor/researcher of the Joong-ang Daily, Seoul
The latest terror committed in the U.S. and the issue of North Korea has little connections in itself but not completely off the track. North Korea used to be one of the training grounds for Arab terrorists and is still listed as one of the terror-supporting nations by the United States. And besides, in this entangled world we now live in, almost everything is connected to each other one way or the other. Now with both of the U.S.'s landmark twin World Trade Center buildings smashed down to pieces, President George W. Bush is most likely to practice an even sterner foreign policy in the future and one of the nations that would particularly beat the burden will be Korean Peninsula.
The Korean Peninsula will feel the aftermath of calamity in New York soon enough–its all written all over in the TV. There's the former Foreign Minister of Israel insisting on a thorough investigation of the 'Rogue Nations' in his interview with the BBC, directly finger-pointing at a series of countries, including the North. U.S. troops stationed in the Korean Peninsula tightened their guard and President Bush's expected visit to Seoul around late October for a summit meeting has now turned blurry.
Perhaps the biggest lesson we could gain from the ultimate fiasco in the respect of National Defense is the ineffectiveness of Missile Defense Plan long pursued by the U.S. administration. Even if the U.S. succeeds in installing a Missile Defense System that would cost the nation about US$10 billion as insisted on by Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld, it would still be helpless against the latest terror conducted through the hijacking of civilian airplanes.
However this is just a cool analysis. In fact, it is more likely for the U.S. to choose a more "heated" alternative. Secretary Rumsfeld will see a boost in his hard-line policy in order to prepare for "a whole new threat." President Bush himself pledged that he'd "hunt down and punish those responsible for these cowardly acts," leaving slim chance for reconciliation and cooperation with its foreign policy.
This is the time for both Seoul and Pyongyang to act fast before the aftereffect of the New York havoc catches on in the Korean Peninsula and ruins all the past efforts to better relations with Washington. If the U.S. sets its mind to focus its future foreign policy on pressuring the rogue nations to identify the responsible nation, we could kiss the Sunshine Policy goodbye. Worse yet, Pyongyang may find itself forced to suspend a series of its own foreign policies involving South Korea and the U.S. and return back to the drawing board.
Seoul's concern is well displayed in the emergency National Security Council meeting held Wednesday morning just after the nightmarish incident both in New York and Washington. The Government through the emergency meeting confirmed its opposition toward terrorism and decided to call for full cooperation of neighboring countries, including the U.S., Japan, China and Russia, for maintenance of peace on the Korean Peninsula. The maintenance of peace in Korean Peninsula at this point indirectly argues that inter-Korean reconciliation and cooperation policy must continue despite the tragedy across the continent.
Back in August 1998 when a bomb exploded in the U.S. Embassy based in Kenya, the North officially expressed regret toward the lost lives and vowed to stay strictly away from all terror acts themselves. It was wise to restate those words. This is because the North is in a handicapped situation already listed in the U.S. terror list.
Second, extending a reconciliatory gesture could be another idea. If Foreign Minister Paek Nam-sun happens to step up and express deep condolences to the U.S. over the loss of a great many lives and assets, it may actually do some good to future North-U.S. relations. As the Korean saying goes, "A good speech is powerful enough to resolve heavy debts."
And third, from now on the North could really try to be a good boy and become more active in its engagement with the outside world, notably South Korea. Setting up an exact timetable for North Korea Chairman Kim Jong-il's return visit for one, could do wonders to lessen the U.S. suspicion toward the North.
Pyongyang froze inter-Korean dialogue for the past six months. If Chairman Kim still means to keep his word on his return visit to Seoul, he has three months left. If he lets the precious months go to waste, once again the glimmer of hope toward the North will be replaced by sense of betrayal, resignation and hatred.
"To launch a big and bold decision with speed"–that's one of the common political slogans in the North. That's good because they better hurry.
Special Policy Forum 9/11
View this online at: https://nautilus.org/napsnet/special-policy-forum-911/the-impact-of-the-us-attacks-on-north-korea/


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Japanese Avant-Garde and Experimental Film Festival 2021: Bodies
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alter table "FormBuilder".question_skip_rule add column identifying_answer_value_uuid character(36);
update "FormBuilder".question_skip_rule
set identifying_answer_value_uuid = (select av.permanent_id from "FormBuilder".answer_value av where av.id = identifying_answer_value_id)
where identifying_answer_value_id is not null;
alter table "FormBuilder".question_skip_rule drop constraint fb_question_skip_rule_answer_value_fk;
alter table "FormBuilder".question_skip_rule drop column identifying_answer_value_id;
alter table "FormBuilder".answer_value add constraint unique_answer_value_permanent_id UNIQUE (permanent_id);
alter table "FormBuilder".question_skip_rule
    add constraint fb_question_skip_rule_answer_value_fk foreign key (identifying_answer_value_uuid) references "FormBuilder".answer_value(permanent_id) on update cascade on delete cascade;


First class down, no iPads yet in hand, and already I can feel a variety of emotion exuding from my Comm 2221 students that ranges from excitement and enthusiasm to panic.
I encouraged them to panic–for next three hours, and then it's time to start working.
There were 32 of us in the room, including me and our GA Natalee, just about capacity.
I was excited there were seven people (just under 25 percent) who acknowledged owning iPads, and all but two raised their hand when I asked about comfort with Twitter.
The class make-up is 20 women and 10 men, 16 journalism majors, 12 Ag Comm majors, an English major and a communication major.
We have two Chinese nationals, an Ethiopian, a transfer student from Valpariso and a pair of young women who are admirably fascinated by Middle East politics.
The best line of the day came from one young woman who said she love to write and she loves to gossip and tell people what she knows.
Ah, the perfect recipe for a journalist.
I shared with them our opportunity for new technology and for research, and those who came up after class were extremely enthusiastic.
Tomorrow we will explain consent and those willing to venture into research will sign up. On Friday the deployment begins after a brief setup delay awaiting app codes from Wired Out and serial numbers.
To get into the spirit, I vow to do everything I can for Comm 2221, starting right now, on the iPad.
I'm starting with blogging and all social media, with the exception of setting up lists on Twitter, for which I seem to need the laptop.
Yes my "deer" friends, the headlights that shocked you this morning represent the ride of a lifetime. I can't wait to begin.


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Camelback Steam Locomotives
Camelbacks, while not necessarily the safest such design ever conceived were certainly one of the most unique. The Camelback is not a named wheel arrangement like the 4-6-2 Pacific or 2-8-4 Berkshire but a term only meant to describe a distinctive design feature found on some steam locomotives. While Camelbacks were banned citing safety concerns in the early 20th century they proved quite successful to the anthracite carriers, who could use them to burn a cheap and plentiful anthracite coal waste known as culm. The design also made John E. Wootten famous for his patented Wootten firebox. Today, at least three of these unique designs remain preserved around the country although none are operational.
The Camelback received its name for the unique positioning of the locomotive cab which sat astride the boiler giving the design a center "humped" appearance. While the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad developed something similar to the later Camelback in the 1840s, given the interesting name of "Muddiggers," it was not until John Wootten (who worked for the Philadelphia & Reading Railroad, a Reading Railroad predecessor) patented his Wootten firebox and boiler design in 1877 did the design really catch on. This particular designed allowed for the burning of the fuel the locomotive used by providing a very wide, large firebox that produced robust fires yet only utilized a consumed a small amount at a time with a low firing rate.
Notable Lines Utilizing Camelback Locomotives
Central Railroad of New Jersey, "The Big Little Railroad"
Delaware & Hudson, "The Bridge Line"
Delaware, Lackawanna & Western, "The Route Of Phoebe Snow"
Lehigh & Hudson River, "The Bridge Route"
Lehigh & New England, "Industry's Freight Route"
Lehigh Valley, "Route Of The Black Diamond"
Reading Lines, "Bee Line Service"
Baltimore & Ohio, "Linking 13 Great States With The Nation"
Erie Railroad, "Serving The Heart Of Industrial America"
Pennsylvania Railroad, "The Standard Railroad Of The World"
Because the locomotive was developed to burn the very abundant anthracite coal waste, culm, Camelbacks became fantastically popular with the railroads which staked their livelihoods on the resource (names like Central Railroad of New Jersey; Delaware, Lackawanna & Western; Lehigh Valley; Lehigh & New England Railroad; and the Lehigh & Hudson River). Other lines which came to use the the Camelback design included the B&O, Erie, Union Pacific, Southern Pacific, Santa Fe, Pennsylvania, Wheeling & Lake Erie, and Maine Central.
Some railroads like the Lehigh & New England rebuilt common wheel arrangements as large as 2-8-0 Consolidations into Camelbacks and the Erie Railroad's 0-8-8-0 articulated design (Class L-1) was the largest ever built (and only articulated design ever developed). In total, nearly 3,000 Camelback steam locomotives were either rebuilt from conventional designs, custom-built by individual railroads, or purchased from manufacturers. While Wootten's design allowed railroads, particularly the anthracite carriers, to gain huge savings on fuel costs it also came at an increased safety risk. Because the firebox on Camelbacks was so large, as to gain the necessary and needed fire temperatures, it forced the cab to be placed astride the boiler and over the driving wheels (so the engineer could gain proper clearance).
This not only made for an extremely uncomfortable and hot ride during warmer months for engineers it also made them more at risk to injury if any part of the driving wheel assembly failed while at-speed. To make matters worse the fireman was left exposed to the elements back by the firebox, where of course he had to remain to feed fuel to the locomotive. Due to these safety issues the Interstate Commerce Commission began to seriously look at the hazards Camelback steam locomotives exposed to train crews and by 1927 the agency had completely banned new or rebuilt locomotives which featured the Camelback design.
For more reading about steam locomotives you might want to consider Perfecting the American Steam Locomotive by author J. Parker Lamb. In this book you will learn how the motive power was refined over the years with newer technologies that improved the efficiency of steam to haul trains, such as the superheater. There are certainly many more books on the subject of steam than this particular title. However, Mr. Lamb's book provides a wonderfully detailed look at the legendary locomotive over the years, spanning more than 200 pages of information in the process.
Home › Steam Locomotives › Camelbacks


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On leaving the cinema after GoldenEye, I was very ready to see another Bronson Bond and so too were the studio and undoubtedly Brosnan himself, having waited so long to land the role. Tomorrow Never Dies ended up suffering from the rush, as the script had to be ditched and then rewritten as the film was going into production. The result however is a solid Bond and, for me, the best Brosnan.
The opening pre-credits scenes once more establishes Bond as a hardworking British agent. 'What's he doing?' Geoffrey Palmer's admiral splutters. 'His job,' comes M's acerbic reply. Looking resplendent in brown leather jacket and polo neck, Brosnan immediately sets about punching machine-gunning and daredeviling his way through a a basket of terrorists and assorted baddies. The action is exciting and also witty. The ejector seat trick being a particularly applaudable moment of satisfactory violence. Perhaps less joyful is Jonathan Pryce's media mogul villain Elliot Carver. Despite hints of Murdoch and the now forgotten Robert Maxwell, Carver is a bit grey and his fake typing skills leave a lot to be desired.
Not wanting to film two Bond movies in a row, Martin Campbell had turned down the director's chair. Roger Spottiswoode was keen to take over and followed Campbell's lead in injecting a sense of dynamism. This can even be seen in the M briefing which instead of taking place in an office, is held in the back seat of M's car while being escorted by police outriders at speed through London. The story feels fairly familiar with once more a millionaire manipulating tensions between China and Britain to create a potential world war 3 and incidentally sell newspapers. In Hamburg, Bond meets up with Paris Carver (Teri Hatcher), an old flame who is now married to his target. There is a brief attempt at pathos, a gesture towards an interiority, before we're back to the fun of a remote controlled car that can be played by a Nintendo DS style console.
The presence of Michelle Yeoh lifts matters considerably and the influence of Hong Kong action cinema is having its effect. These were the years in which Jackie Chan and John Woo films were becoming increasingly seen in the West, along with more obscure names, partly channeled through the work of Quentin Tarantino. Woo would direct Mission Impossible 2 in 2000 and there is a feel that with Tom Cruise's new franchise gaining momentum and other action films upping the ante, that Bond could no longer get by on the four or five set pieces and a schoolboy sense of humour. Yeoh as Wai Lin is a breath of fresh air and there was even talk of her getting her own spin off movie. If there's any criticism, it's that there simply isn't enough of her.
David Arnold had already produced an album of Bond inspired music and got his dream job scoring the film. Moby provided a rejigged version of the Monty Norman Bond theme. But along with the very 90s-ness of the film, the producers seem keen to include references to the Bond legacy. As already noted the story rehashes the Thunderball plot, while adding the Spy Who Loved Me rivals who work together theme and the Thai locations from The Man with the Golden Gun. Q has been demoted to product placement. Brosnan stamps his identity solidly on the role and there's a sense that this is going to be a run after the stuttering fizzle of the Dalton Bonds. And yet the tensions remain - as they almost always have post-Connery - between reinventing the franchise, bringing it up to date or sticking to the tried and tested formula. The first two Bronsnan were by far the most successful at addressing those tensions compared to what came before and after.
Minnie Valero link
I enjoyed your review. Thanks, John!


Chinese signs can get seriously lost in translation.
From urging you to "not touch yourself" to "mutant coconuts", Chinese signs can sometimes have trouble conveying their original message to English-speakers…. But we can't mind, it's too entertaining. This article is a nice showcase of signs in chinglish and their unintentional but funny meanings.


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Other Evidences of Cosmic Motion
The various astronomical determinations of motion of the solar system in space, by the nature of the methods employed, indicate relative motion and do not directly give any information as to an absolute motion. However, several recent important experiments in diverse fields seem to give evidence of a cosmic motion. Dr. Esclangon, Director of the Paris Observatory, has made elaborate studies of earth tides (deformation of the earth's crust) and of ocean tides. In the latter work he considered 166,500 observations extending over a period of nineteen years.23 There are component tidal effects which indicate a motion of the solar system in the plane which contains the sidereal time meridian of 4½h and 16½h 23
By a study of the reflection of light, Esclangon finds strong evidence for what he calls an �optical dissymmetry of space� with its axis of symmetry in the meridian of 8 hours and 20 hours, sidereal time. This effect would be explained by an ether-drift and the results are in striking agreement with the ether-drift observations here reported.24
Many recent observations on cosmic rays show a very definite maximum of radiation in the direction indicated by the meridian of 5 hours and 17 hours, sidereal time. The very extensive observations of Kolhörster and von Salis, Büttner and Feld and of Steinke all show this effect.25 Observations made on the nonmagnetic ship �Carnegie� show the same effect for the observations made between 30� north and 30� south latitude.26
Evidences of galactic motions which are related more or less directly to the absolute motion of the solar system have been found by Harlow Shapley studying interstellar matter, by J. S. Plaskett from investigation of the motion of B-type stars, and by G. Strömberg from researches on star clusters and nebulae.27
23 E. Esclangon, Comptes Rendus 182, 921 (1926); 183, 116 (1926).
24 E. Esclangon, Comptes Rendus 185, 1593 (1927).
25 Kohlhörster, Steinke and Büttner, Zeits. f. Physik 50, 808 (1928).
28 Report Carnegie Inst. 27, 255 (1928).
27 Harlow Shapley, Nature 122, 482 (1928); J. S.
Plaskett, Science 71, 152 (1930); G. Strömberg, Astrophys.
J. 61, 353 (1925).
L. Courvoisier has made researches of several types to discover evidences of the absolute motion of the earth. His experiments relate to the reflection of light, the deformation of the earth, the elongations of Jupiter�s satellites, and to the aberration constant. R. Tomaschek and W. Schaffernicht have made observations on related subjects.28
There are several anomalies in astronomical observations of less definite character, which, however, might be explained by the existence of an ether drift. Such anomalies occur in connection with the observed constant of aberration, standard star places and clock corrections determined at different times of day.
Karl G. Jansky of the Bell Telephone Laboratories has found evidences of a peculiar hissing sound in short wave radio reception, which comes from a definite cosmic direction lying in the meridian of 18 hours sidereal time.29
The experiments here presented have involved the taking of an enormous amount of observational material, by far the greater part of which was for the purpose of making adjustments and for preliminary trials of conditions; while only the smaller portion, which is still very large, has been used in the final calculations. The reduction of this mass of material has been exceedingly laborious. No other experiment comes to mind which has involved such an amount of detail and such extended study. This has required considerable attention from many different persons. The writer is under special obligation to Professor J. J. Nassau, of the Department of Astronomy of Case School of Applied Science, for very great assistance in the analysis and in the mathematical solution of the numerical and astronomical features of the work since the beginning of the Mount Wilson observations in 1921. Dr. G. Strömberg and other members of the staff of the Mount Wilson Observatory have given advice and assistance of
28 L. Courvoisier, Astronomische Nachrichten, Nos. 5416, 5519, 5599, 5715, 5772, 5910. R. Tomaschek and W. Schaffernicht, Astronomische Nachrichten, Nos. 5844,5929; Ann. d. Physik 15, 787 (1932).
29 Karl G. Jansky, Electronics 6, 173 (1933).
the greatest value. Several research assistants have each, for considerable periods, been identified with the experimental work and the reduction and calculation of the observations; among these the following should be especially mentioned: R. F. Hovey (1920�1923), H. A. Pritchard (1923), Willard Samuelson (1924), G. Brooks Earnest (1925), F. W. Taylor (1925� 1926), Donald H. Spicer (1926�1927) and James R. McKinney (1932�1933). Dr. R. M. Langer was a most efficient assistant throughout all the observations made at Mount Wilson in 1925 and 1926, which constitute the principal material for the conclusions of the present report. Professor Phillip M. Morse assisted very effectively in the first analysis of the general problem of the absolute motion of the solar system, and he made a considerable part of the calculations for the
first solution of this problem in 1925�1926. The writer�s research associates, Professor John R. Martin (1927�1931) and Mr. Robert S. Shankland (1932�1933), have been directly associated with the restudy of the problem which has resulted in the final determination of the absolute motion of the solar system and the orbital motion of the earth as presented in this report.
Case School of Applied Science has made possible the continuous prosecution of the study of the ether-drift problem. The Carnegie Institution of Washington and the Mount Wilson Observatory made available the exceptional facilities of Mount Wilson for observational work from 1921 to 1926. Mr. Eckstein Case provided funds for the very considerable expenses involved in making the elaborate series of experiments and tests.


The TOAE is right around the corner and I'm so happy to be a part of such a great venue once again. Some of you will remember me from previous years sweating under the beating sun and keeping cool by eating more popsicles than one should! This year will be no different except I'm a little older and (hopefully!) a little wiser.
More importantly though, I'll be bringing new work.
The vibe of the show is electric, exciting and generally very fun to experience for both exhibiting artists and visitors alike.


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Top 10 Programming Languages that will be Outdated in 2023
Rodrigo Andresen January 1, 2023 3 min read
Goal C
Who would deny that programming is 1 of the most sought following skills in today's aggressive environment. This calls for getting a sound expertise of programming languages in purchase to carve a market for you in the programming area. There are innumerable programming languages out there. If you are preparing to make a occupation in coding and are on the lookout ahead to upskilling by yourself, you must be mindful of which programming languages would develop into outdated in 2023. Nicely, really don't stress for we have bought you lined. In this short article, we will talk about best 10 programming languages that will be out-of-date in 2023. Have a seem!
As well fantastic to be correct, CoffeeScript is thought of to be a person of the lightest languages that has ever been created. Main providers like dropbox, GitHub, and so forth. relied on this programming language to develop their browser-side code. Eventually, as days handed by, JavaScript was regarded as to be a improved option.
Ruby was just one among the most most popular programming languages especially when it comes to making net purposes, information processing, automation, and so forth. However, with the creation of Python, that is recognised for exceptional readability and code stability, Ruby missing its attraction. In the coming times, it is very possible that Ruby would become out-of-date in 2023.
VBA was one of the most widely recognised and extensively applied programming languages across the globe, at one point in time. Nevertheless, factors appear to have improved in a way that does not favour VBA. Despite the actuality that this programming language is based mostly on .Internet, it is no longer up to date by Microsoft. This throws light on very little but its obsolescence.
Scala boasts a amount of characteristics, all generating it an great programming language. The general performance of this coding language was hardly ever the concern. What designed Scala feature into the record of prime 10 programming languages that will be out-of-date in 2023 is the really fact that the vast majority of the developers had been unaware of the options of Scala. Therefore, including it to the record of dying programming languages
Wondering what will make this programming language be part of the checklist of out-of-date types? Well, the verbose mother nature, elaborate syntax, and outdated libraries are the factors. All this has resulted in developers switching to swift for the simplicity of code readability and software growth.
When it will come to textual content manipulation, there simply cannot be a greater programming language than Perl. It also boasts simplicity and efficiency. Then, what holds it back again? Very well, Perl fails to guidance portability for the reason that of CPAN modules. Programs run bit by bit and will have to be interpreted each individual time any alterations are manufactured.
All this although, this programming language has confronted difficulties like no appropriate IDE help, advanced syntax, and a steep understanding curve. It is since of this that the developers have shifted to superior options, therefore incorporating Haskel to the record of outdated programming languages.
Fortran is in the record of outdated programming languages for the sole reason that the developers shortly experienced to migrate to other languages thanks to a deficiency of dynamic memory, dependability, and unsafe code prone to cyber threats.
There was a time when programmers couldn't believe of a improved coding language to rely on than Erlang for banking, e-commerce, pc methods advancement, and immediate messaging providers. Having said that, due to the fact of its intricate debugging treatments and crucial deployment issues, it is not considerably in use these days and may possibly develop into outdated in 2023.
The early primary body programming for business enterprise transactions, banking, and a lot of far more had been handled by Cobol. But, its tougher verbose syntax with gradual compilation and deployment tends to make it out of date and out-of-date.
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House Furniture


For many years now, hospitals and health care facilities have utilized indoor fountains to create a stressless, serene environment. A contemplative state can be induced in people who hear the gentle music of trickling water.
In addition, convalescence is thought to go faster when interior water features are used in treatment. Many doctors and mental health therapists consider these are a helpful addition in treating a number of maladies. PTSD patients as well as those suffering from severe sleeplessness are thought to feel better after hearing the calming, gentle trickle of water.
An interior wall water element is believed to create an overall sense of well-being and security according to countless studies. The presence of water in our environment is essential to the existence of our species and our planet.
According to the ancient art of feng-shui, water is thought to have life-altering properties and be one of the two basic components contributing to the existence of our species. The central principle of feng-shui is that by harmonizing our interior environment we can attain peace and balance. We should include the element of water somewhere in our living area. A fountain should be located near your front door or entrance to be most effective.
You and your loved ones will undoubtedly benefit from the inclusion of a water wall in your home, whether it be a wall mounted waterfall, a freestanding water feature or a customized one. Having a fountain in a main room seems to impact people's state of mind, their happiness as well as their level of satisfaction according to some studies.
In February 2014, a levy on sugar-sweetened beverages was enacted in Berkley, CA, making it the first city in the United States to create such a law. The tax is supposed to lessen sugary drink consumption and enhance the consumption of healthier drinks, like water from fountains. Attempts were made to find out the status of neighborhood drinking water fountains in both high- and low-income neighborhoods. By creating a mobile GPS application, experts were able to amass data on Berkley's drinking water fountains. Investigators then used US Census data to find out even more about the economic and racial elements that impacted the city. By cross-referencing the water fountain sites with the demographic data, they were able to identify whether access to functioning fountains was class reliant. The surrounding demographics of each and every water fountain location was made note of, while also deciding whether race or income levels made a difference in the state of repair of each fountain. Most of the water fountains were dirty or slow or stopped up, regardless of the fact that a lot of fountains worked.
If you are thinking about getting a water feature, ensure that your pets like it. Your stand-alone fountain may be seen as a big pool or a drinking pond by your canine. Adding a water feature to your property is a great idea, one which is certain to benefit your pets. Give some thought to the ideal spot to put your fountain if you do not want birds to use it as a bathing pond. Install a birdbath if your goal is to draw birds to your garden. The indoor use of wall water fountains is altogether possible if wish to prevent these hassles. These sorts of fountains are great for dental and medical practices, not to mention grand estates.
Prior to 273, when the 1st elevated aqueduct, Aqua Anio Vetus, was made in Roma, residents who lived on hills had to travel even further down to collect their water from natural sources. If inhabitants residing at higher elevations did not have accessibility to springs or the aqueduct, they'd have to be dependent on the other existing techniques of the time, cisterns that accumulated rainwater from the sky and subterranean wells that received the water from below ground. To deliver water to Pincian Hill in the early sixteenth century, they applied the new tactic of redirecting the movement from the Acqua Vergine aqueduct's underground network. As originally constructed, the aqueduct was provided along the length of its channel with pozzi (manholes) constructed at regular intervals. During the some 9 years he had the property, from 1543 to 1552, Cardinal Marcello Crescenzi employed these manholes to take water from the channel in containers, though they were actually built for the goal of maintaining and maintenance the aqueduct. The cistern he had constructed to obtain rainwater wasn't adequate to meet his water needs.
That is when he decided to create an access point to the aqueduct that ran beneath his residence.
To ensure that water fountains last a long time, it is vital to perform regular maintenance. It is easy for foreign objects to find their way into open-air fountains, so keeping it clean is important. Additionally, anywhere light from the sun mixes with still water, algae can appear. Either sea salt, hydrogen peroxide, or vinegar can be dissolved into the water to eliminate this issue. Bleach can also be put into the water, but this is not the ideal option as it can sicken birds or other animals.
Experts suggest that the typical garden fountain undergoes a thorough cleaning every 3-4 months. Prior to cleaning, all of the water must be eliminated. Once it is empty, clean inside the reservoir with a gentle cleanser. A helpful tip is to use a toothbrush if there are tiny hard-to-reach spots. Make sure all the soap is totally cleaned off.
It is highly advised taking the pump apart to better clean the inside and remove any plankton or calcium. You might want to let it soak in vinegar for a few hours to make it much less difficult to scrub. Neither rain water nor mineral water contain substances that will build up inside the pump, so use either over tap water if possible.
Finally, be sure to have a quick look at your fountain daily and add water if you notice that the level is low. Allowing the water to reach below the pump's intake level, can cause severe damage and even make the pump burn out - an undesired outcome!


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Dr. Crawford Loritts | Senior Pastor at Fellowship Church
Crawford was ordained to the ministry in March 1972. He attended Cairn University in Philadelphia, PA graduating with a Bachelor of Science degree in Bible with an emphasis on pastoral studies. He and his wife, Karen, married on May 22, 1971.
Crawford has traveled throughout the US, Caribbean, Asia, Canada, South America, Africa and parts of Europe preaching in churches, evangelistic outreaches, conferences, in colleges and seminaries. He has also been the featured speaker at Super Bowls, NCAA Final Four Chapel, and the Pentagon with senior military officers.
Crawford and his wife Karen are featured speakers at Family Life marriage conferences. They are co-authors of Developing Character in Your Child. They have 4 married children. Bryan, Heather, Bryndan and Holly, and have 10 grandchildren.
Crawford has written 8 books including newly released, Unshaken. Presently, Crawford serves as Senior Pastor at Fellowship Bible Church in Roswell, GA.
Crawford has a Doctor of Divinity from Biola University, a Doctor of Sacred Theology from Cairn University, a Doctor of Divinity from Moody Bible Institute, a Doctor of Letters from Trinity Evangelical Divinity School, and a Doctor of Divinity from Columbia International University. He holds several board positions including CRU (Campus Crusade for Christ). He is a visiting professor at Trinity Evangelical Divinity School. Crawford is the host of two national radio programs, the weekend program Living a Legacy, and the daily program Legacy Moments.
Dr. John Fuder and Noah Chung
Emily Harburg | Co-Founder and Director of Programs for Brave Initiatives


Home / android app / android phones / app for pc / bada mobiles / mobile / smart phone / whatsapp for bada / How to Use Whatsapp for Bada Mobiles ?
Hi everyone, as I myself was previously a bada phone user so I also wanted to use whatsapp on my samsung wave y. But I couldn't able to use Whatsapp as Whatsapp for Bada version wasn't available on the internet and Whatsapp guys were having no plans to release any bada version either.
I do accept that most of us don't have smart phone and not event any normal phone with Bada OS so I've already written a guide where you can use Whatsapp on your PC for Free of cost. Do check it.
Well, you might have heard about whatsapp and its features and that's the reason you are here. And there is one another version of whatsapp which is known as Whatsapp Plus which has very advance features than normal whatsapp we use. But unfortunately Whatsapp Plus isn't available right now for Bada OS but don't worry it will out soon.
To be frank using Whatsapp on Bada phone isn't as user friendly as it is on other smart phones as I have tested both but its not like you cannot use it well. But the thing is using whatsapp on Android or iOS or on any other platform would be more preferable than using it on Bada Phones. Check out the latest Showbox for PC app from here.
First Download the .jar file from below download Linkby Share to Unlock!
If you have download this file from your PC , then connect it via USB and transfer the file to your Samsung Bada Phone.
If you have download this file from your mobile itself then skip the above point.
Now Go to the location where you have downloaded/transferred the file and then open it and install it.
Now you can run it on your phone.
So that's all folks this was the total tutorial for using Whatsapp on your Bada device. I hope it will help you. I have above mentioned two files you can use anyone of them both will run on the Bada Compatible devices.
Also do let me know if you need further help. Don't forget to share this tutorial to your friends on social media's.
If you have any doubts or any queries do let me know in the comment section below.


Counties Down and Armagh occupy the southeastern corner of Northern Ireland, between Belfast and the border and contain some of the region's most attractive countryside, especially around the coast. You're also never far away from places associated with St Patrick, who sailed into Strangford Lough to make his final Irish landfall in County Down, founded his first bishopric at Armagh and is buried at either Downpatrick or Armagh, depending on whose claim you prefer.
As you head south from Belfast, the glowering Mourne Mountains increasingly dominate the panorama, and it's in this direction that most of the attractions lie. If you simply take the main roads in and out of Belfast – the A1 for Newry and the border, or the M1 motorway west – you'll come across very little to stop for: it's in the rural areas, the mountains and coast, that the charm of this region lies. One of the best options is to head east from Belfast around the Down shore – past the Ulster Folk and Transport Museum, one of the best in the North, and the blowsy suburban resort of Bangor into the Ards Peninsula or along the banks of Strangford Lough. Near the Lough's southern tip, Downpatrick is closely associated with the arrival of St Patrick. There are plenty of little beaches, early Christian sites, defensive tower houses and fine mansions to visit on the way towards Newcastle, the best base for excursions on foot into the Mourne Mountains. Beyond the Mournes a fine coast road curves around to Carlingford Lough and the border. Inland, Hillsborough, resembling an English Cotswolds-style village, is closely linked to the political development of the North.
Below Lough Neagh, the north of County Armagh is dominated by the developed industrial strip known as Craigavon which contains the towns of Lurgan and Portadown, and has little to attract you. Away from the towns, however, there are two stately homes of interest, Ardress and the Argory, and some excellent cycling country north of Loughgall. The villages of South Armagh – a predominantly Catholic area – were the heartland of violent Republicanism, and often referred to as "Bandit Country" or "The Killing Fields", even by locals. Armagh city, however, is well worth visiting for its ancient associations, cathedrals and fine Georgian streets, while South Armagh has some startlingly attractive country, especially around the peak of Slieve Gullion.
Your comprehensive guide to Ireland.


What is the system for availing the services of specialists in Wellness Centres ?
Wellness Centre, where specialist services are available.
Wellness Centre for consulting specialist without prior appointment.
What is the procedure for online appointment?
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