text:
EnviroNotes!
Insights/Communiqués/EnviroNotes!/November 30, 2016 - Ontario Client Alert/Summary of Environmental Commissioner of Ontario's 2016 Annual Greenhouse Gas Progress Report
Summary of Environmental Commissioner of Ontario's 2016 Annual Greenhouse Gas Progress Report
November 30, 2016 | Nivedhya (Nivi) Ramaswamy
On November 22, 2016, the Environmental Commissioner of Ontario ("ECO") released the 2016 Greenhouse Gas ("GHG") Progress Report, Facing Climate Change, which focuses on climate change mitigation (i.e. reducing GHG emissions). First, the report reviews the science of climate change and its global impact. It reports on Ontario's current emissions and emphasizes the urgent need for Ontario to dramatically reduce its GHG emissions. Second, it reviews the following key measures taken by the government to reduce GHG emissions: the Cap and Trade Program; the Greenhouse Gas Reduction Account; and the Climate Change Action Plan.
Ontario's Carbon Footprint
The ECO reports that Ontarians have one of the highest emissions per capita worldwide and, further, that Ontario is warming faster than the global average, especially in the north. From this perspective, Ontario has adopted ambitious targets to reduce its GHG emissions by: 15% below 1990 levels by 2020; 37% below 1990 levels by 2030; and 80% below 1990 levels by 2050. Ontario has met its 2014 target (6% below 1990 levels), achieved mostly by closing coal-fired power generating stations. Meeting future targets will require substantial effort and innovation.
By 2020, Ontario seeks to reduce emissions a further 15 megatonnes (Mt) (by comparison, there was a 12Mt reduction from 1990 to 2014). Some of Ontario's challenges include its dependence on fossil fuels for 80% of its energy, and its transportation sector accounts for the fastest growing share of GHG emissions. The ECO recommends that the government regularly report on Ontario's entire climate change footprint, as opposed to reporting direct GHG emissions alone, and that a higher priority be given to reducing Ontario's methane and black carbon emissions.
Cap and Trade Program
Ontario's new Cap and Trade Program is slated to cover 82% of its direct emissions. The first compliance period begins January 1, 2017 and is to be linked with Québec and California in 2018. The ECO supports the program, describing it as reasonable, well-designed and one that balances the urgent need for GHG reductions with the cost to Ontario citizens and businesses.
In 2020, Ontario's capped emitters are estimated to have a 24Mt gap between their projected business-as-usual emissions and the emissions allowances that will be distributed by the government (both free and by auction). To fill this gap, emitters have several options that include reducing their emissions further or buying allowances from other jurisdictions. While linking Ontario's Cap and Trade Program with Québec and California will reduce costs for Ontario GHG emitters, buying allowances from outside the province could impact the actual reduction of Ontario's emissions. Moreover, California's cap and trade system currently faces legal problems. A timely supply of high-quality Ontario offset credits (i.e., voluntary GHG reductions outside the capped sectors, which can be purchased by emitters) will prove effective in keeping investment and GHG reductions in Ontario.
The ECO recommends that the government do the following: be more transparent about the allocation of free allowances; set legally binding carbon budgets; and prioritize the approval of offset protocols to enable timely and ample supply of high-quality Ontario offsets. The ECO also recommends the government plan for the contingency that California's cap and trade system may be altered and/or not be reauthorized after 2020.
Greenhouse Gas Reduction Account
Ontario has chosen a 'cap and invest' approach to carbon pricing, wherein the government will channel the revenue from the Cap and Trade Program into a Greenhouse Gas Reduction Account (GGRA) to fund new GHG reductions programs. The ECO questions whether the GGRA fund (up to $2 billion per year) will be genuinely used to reduce GHG emissions or funneled into other government priorities.
The ECO recommends that the government set out evaluation criteria for proposed GGRA expenditures, and an explicit policy on allocation of funds between competing objectives. Further, it urges the government to maintain detailed records of the justification for each GGRA expenditure.
Climate Change Action Plan
The Ontario Government predicts that the Cap and Trade Program will contribute only 2.8Mt of the 18.5Mt in GHG reductions needed to achieve its 2020 target of a 15% reduction below 1990 levels. An additional reduction of 9.8Mt is expected to come from the Climate Change Action Plan, which will be funded by the GGRA. While applauding the Action Plan's scope, ambition and valuable initiatives, the ECO is skeptical of its ability to produce 9.8Mt in new reductions by 2020.
The ECO found that the key proposal to subsidize electricity prices, which is projected to result in 3Mt of GHG reductions by 2020, will not meet any of the key policy objectives for effective emissions reductions and should not be considered an acceptable use of GGRA funds. Similarly, the ECO found no evidence to support the claim that low-carbon technology adoption by industry can contribute 2.5Mt in additional reductions, even suggesting that delays in the Ministry's processing of applications for approval to switch to alternative fuels are likely to reduce the contribution that Ontario industries can make by 2020.
Based on this analysis, the ECO concludes that the almost 6Mt gap between the 2020 target and the estimated reductions from Cap and Trade and the Action Plan, currently expected to be filled by offset credits and the purchase of California allowances, may be greater than the government's forecast.
The ECO's Closing Thoughts
The ECO titled the last chapter of her report, "Knowledge + Action = Hope". The ECO praises Ontario for its efforts to date, stating, "Ontario has punched above its weight, and deserves kudos for its active role in national and international co-operation". However, the ECO also notes a chasm between what the government knows and what the public understands, and urges the Ontario government to consistently show the public that it takes climate change seriously. The ECO concludes her report by asking Ontarians to step up and not leave the combat against climate change entirely to governments – "No one can do everything, but everyone can do something."


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Computer Repair Ya specializes in dc power jack replacements repair and fixes on laptop computers. DC power Jack on the laptop is also known as an AC/DC (direct current) power port, dc power input, laptop dc power connector, it is an inside piece in the laptop where the dc power plug (tip part of your AC adapter cable) plugs into. It usually goes bad if for quite some time you had to wiggle the plug around to make the system power up or charge the battery, it also goes bad if you would accidentally drop the notebook computer from a table and it lands on a dc power plug that would push and break the inside power jack connector of your laptop.
Basically, if your laptop battery is not charging anymore, you have to wiggle or jiggle the plug and dc connector constantly to make the system work because the piece inside is loose, the screen flickers, then it is probably the dc power jack issue. If the laptop is at the point where it does not power up anymore at all then the jack is completely broke.
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Inner bars also buckle. The MUSE TIMER view of the double-barred galaxy NGC 1291
Méndez-Abreu, J. and de Lorenzo-Cáceres, A. and Gadotti, D. A. and Fragkoudi, F. and van de Ven, G. and Falcón-Barroso, J. and Leaman, R. and Pérez, I. and Querejeta, M. and Sánchez-Blázquez, P. and Seidel, M. (2019) Inner bars also buckle. The MUSE TIMER view of the double-barred galaxy NGC 1291. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters, 482 (1). L118-L122. ISSN 1745-3925. doi:10.1093/mnrasl/sly196. https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20190905-124745347
Double bars are thought to be important features for secular evolution in the central regions of galaxies. However, observational evidence about their origin and evolution is still scarce. We report on the discovery of the first Box/Peanut (B/P) structure in an inner bar detected in the face-on galaxy NGC 1291. We use the integral field data obtained from the MUSE spectrograph within the TIMER project. The B/P structure is detected as bi-symmetric minima of the h_4 moment of the line-of-sight velocity distribution along the major axis of the inner bar, as expected from numerical simulations. Our observations demonstrate that inner bars can follow a similar evolutionary path as outer bars, undergoing buckling instabilities. They also suggest that inner bars are long-lived structures, thus imposing tight constraints to their possible formation mechanisms.
https://doi.org/10.1093/mnrasl/sly196 DOI Article
Méndez-Abreu, J. 0000-0002-8766-2597
de Lorenzo-Cáceres, A. 0000-0002-9744-3486
van de Ven, G. 0000-0003-4546-7731
Querejeta, M. 0000-0002-0472-1011
© 2018 The Author(s). Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Royal Astronomical Society. This article is published and distributed under the terms of the Oxford University Press, Standard Journals Publication Model (https://academic.oup.com/journals/pages/open_access/funder_policies/chorus/standard_publication_model). Accepted 2018 September 30. Received 2018 September 27; in original form 2018 August 3. Published: 18 October 2018. We thank the anonymous referee and the scientific editor for her/his many valuable comments that helped to improve this paper. AdLC and JMA thank ESO for the warm hospitality during a science visit when part of this work was done. JMA acknowledges support from the Spanish Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad (MINECO) by the grant AYA2017-83204-P. AdLC and J. F-B acknowledge support from MINECO grant AYA2016-77237-C3-1-P. GvdV acknowledges funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under grant agreement No 724857 (Consolidator Grant ArcheoDyn). PSB acknowledges support from MINECO grant AYA2016-77237-C3-2-P. Based on observations collected at the European Organisation for Astronomical Research in the Southern Hemisphere under ESO programme 097.B-0640(A).
Infrared Processing and Analysis Center (IPAC)
Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO) AYA2017-83204-P
Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO) AYA2016-77237-C3-1-P
European Research Council 724857
techniques: spectroscopic – galaxies: evolution – galaxies: individual: NGC 1291 – galaxies: kinematics and dynamics – galaxies: structure
10.1093/mnrasl/sly196
J Méndez-Abreu, A de Lorenzo-Cáceres, D A Gadotti, F Fragkoudi, G van de Ven, J Falcón-Barroso, R Leaman, I Pérez, M Querejeta, P Sánchez-Blazquez, M Seidel, Inner bars also buckle. The MUSE TIMER view of the double-barred galaxy NGC 1291, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters, Volume 482, Issue 1, January 2019, Pages L118–L122, https://doi.org/10.1093/mnrasl/sly196

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Marin County Sheriff's Office
Tuesday April 9th, 2019 :: 06:32 p.m. PDT
Death Investigation near Tom's Point in Tomales Bay.
This afternoon around 1:00pm, Deputies along with Marin County Fire, Sonoma County Sheriff Henry 1 Helicopter and California Highway Patrol Helicopter H30 responded to reported persons in distress in Tomales Bay near Tom's Point.
Upon arrival, two subjects were pulled from the water by the Henry 1 Helicopter crew, with the assistance of two CHP Paramedics who attempted advanced life saving measures on one of the subjects who was found lifelss in the water. Unfortunately, despite rescue and life saving efforts by first responders, we can confirm that person was pronounced deceased at the scene. The other four subjects were treated at the scene and released.
The Marin County Sheriff's Office Patrol Division along with our Coroner Division are actively investigating this incident. At this time, no further information will be released pending further investigation by our Coroner Division, including Next of Kin notification.
The Marin County Coroner Division anticipates a press release being issued mid day tomorrow, April 10th, 2019 with additional details. Until that time, no further information will be released.
1600 Los Gamos Dr
TEXT-A-TIP - Text TIP MARINSO followed by your message, to 888777
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Bernard Gersten, a leader of nonprofit theater, dies at age 97
Bernard Gersten attends the Acting Company's 2010 Masquerade Gala. (Photo: Marc Stamas/Getty Images)
Bernard Gersten, former executive producer of Lincoln Center Theater and a leader of the New York Shakespeare Festival, died Monday at the age of 97.
A recipient of 15 Tony Awards, including a 2013 Tony Award for Lifetime Achievement, Gersten served as executive producer of Lincoln Center Theater from 1986 until his retirement in 2013. He began his career as the associate producer of the New York Shakespeare Festival, now the Public Theater, which he built into prominence alongside Joseph Papp.
Productions during his 18-year tenure at New York Shakespeare Festival included "Hair," "A Chorus Line" "That Championship Season," "for colored girls who have considered suicide/when the rainbow is enuf" and "Buried Child."
While at the Lincoln Center, Gersten reactivated the Vivian Beaumont Theater, which had previously been dark, and produced more than 150 productions, including the premiere of "Six Degrees of Separation," David Mamet's "Speed the Plow," a revival of John Guare's "House of Blue Leaves" and the revival of "South Pacific."
"Bernard Gersten's intelligence, innate sense of goodness, bravery, wisdom, generosity, elegance and wit, and most important, deep knowledge and love of the theater, made him a giant in our profession and a beloved friend to many," said André Bishop, producing artistic director of Lincoln Center Theater. "LCT would not be here today were it not for the talent and love of this extraordinary man."
Philip J. Smith, former chair and co-CEO of the Shubert Organization, dies at age 89
Rebecca Luker, a celebrated Broadway soprano, dies at age 59
Actors' Equity, Broadway community mourn death of Nick Cordero
PRG executive Darren DeVerna dies at age 60
Wynn Handman, co-founder of the American Place Theatre, dies at 97
Playwright Terrence McNally dies at age 81
Broadway theaters to dim lights in memory of Zoe Caldwell
Broadway theaters to dim lights for producer Margo Lion


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You are here: Home > Artists > Faith Hill
Faith Hill booking
Category / genre: Country
One of the biggest female country stars of the '90s, Faith Hill also took advantage of the inroads
Shania Twain made into pop territory, becoming an enormous crossover success by decade's end. Of
course, Hill's movie star good looks certainly helped her cause, and her much-celebrated marriage to
fellow country star Tim McGraw gave her career an extra kick of glamour and mystique. Hill may not
have appealed to country purists, but she had the star power of a diva even before her pop success.
Faith Hill was born Audrey Faith Perry on September 21, 1967, in Jackson, MS, and grew up in the
nearby small town of Star. She was singing for her family as young as age three and first performed
publicly at a 4-H luncheon when she was seven. Hill spent much of her childhood singing wherever the
opportunity arose, influenced primarily by Reba McEntire, and at age 17 formed a band that played
local rodeos. At 19, she quit college and moved to Nashville to make it as a singer, first finding work
selling T-shirts. During this time, she was married briefly to music executive Dan Hill. Eventually she
was hired as a secretary at a music publishing firm, where she was discovered by accident while
singing to herself one day. Encouraged by company head Gary Morris, Hill became a demo singer for
the firm and also performed professionally as a harmony vocalist behind singer/songwriter/producer
Gary Burr, who produced Hill's own demo tape. A Warner Brothers executive caught Burr and Hill's act
at a Nashville club, and wound up signing Hill to a solo deal.
Hill released her debut album, Take Me as I Am, in late 1993, with producer Scott Hendricks (also her
boyfriend) at the helm. Success wasn't long in coming; the lead single "Wild One" raced up the country
charts en route to a four-week run at number one early the next year, making her the first female
country singer in 30 years to top the charts for that long with her debut single. The follow-up, a
countrified cover of Janis Joplin's "Piece of My Heart," also hit number one, as did the album's title
track, and Take Me as I Am wound up selling over two million copies. Hill was set to build on her
success right away, but had to undergo surgery on her vocal cords, which delayed recording of her
next album. Nevertheless, the wait wasn't unreasonable, and It Matters to Me appeared in the summer
of 1995. The title track became her fourth number one country single, and it was accompanied by a
string of Top Ten hits that helped push sales of the album past the three million mark. Hill was by now
a firmly established country hitmaker, and she continued her active touring schedule by teaming up
with Tim McGraw in 1996 for the Spontaneous Combustion Tour; it was an apt name, as Hill broke off
her engagement to Hendricks to marry McGraw that October. The couple's first child, daughter Gracie,
was born in May of 1997, and not long after, their duet "It's Your Love" — recorded for McGraw's
Everywhere album — was burning up the country charts, hitting number one for six weeks. Hill returned
in the spring of 1998 with Faith, which provided the first signs that she was interested in crossing over
to pop audiences, even if the still-countrified music often straddled the fence instead of making her
ambitions explicit. The single "This Kiss" proved the savvy of her approach; not only did it top the
country charts for three weeks, but it also became her first pop hit, climbing to number seven. By the
time "This Kiss" had run its course on the charts, Hill had given birth to her second daughter by
McGraw, Maggie. If Hill had been a star in the country world, she was now rapidly becoming a
superstar, known not just for her music but also her pure celebrity; she also signed an endorsement
deal with Cover Girl makeup. Her next two singles, "Just to Hear You Say That You Love Me" (another
duet with McGraw) and "Let Me Let Go," hit number one country, though they didn't duplicate the pop
success of "This Kiss." Faith became Hill's biggest-selling album yet, moving over five million copies
and reaching the Top Ten on the LP charts; plus, it was now crystal clear that Hill potentially held
major crossover appeal. Accordingly, she re-entered the studio immediately after her supporting tour
and cut Breathe, a full-fledged bid for pop and adult contemporary success. Breathe entered the
charts at number one upon its release in late 1999, and its title track became Hill's biggest hit yet; it
spent six weeks on top of the country charts and was an even bigger hit on the adult contemporary
charts. While it only climbed to number two pop, the single had such staying power that it wound up
the biggest hit of the year 2000. The follow-ups were pretty successful in their own right: "The Way
You Love Me" and "There You'll Be" both hit the pop Top Ten, with the former topping the country charts and the latter hitting number one AC. Hill also scored a Top Ten country hit with "Let's Make
Love," a third duet with McGraw, and the two teamed up for another tour in 2000. Breathe was a bona
fide blockbuster, selling over seven million copies, and earned her a slew of award nominations. Hill
spent much of 2001 taking a break and spending time with Audrey, her third daughter with McGraw.
The next year, Hill returned to the spotlight with her fifth studio recording, Cry.
Price hire Faith Hill
Do you want to hire Faith Hill? Directly request a quote. In 48 hours we can send you the availability of Faith Hill If you would like to book Faith Hill, Entertainment Booking Agency is the right place. We will offer you the best price and contact the management or we directly contact Faith Hill. For corporate appearances or speaking engagements you can contact our agents and the will help you true the process.
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EBA is one of the biggest entertainment booking agencies in the World. We book hundreds of celebrities, artist, athletes and speakers in a year. Important to know is that we are not claiming to be the management of Faith Hill. We are not the official agent for Faith Hill. Companies from around the globe book these artists and speakers true our company be course we have one of the biggest networks and we always have direct contact with the artist or the management. We help you to find the right celebrities for your corporate of private events. Please contact one of our agents to get free advice and we will help to get the world-famous artist on your party.
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text:
import optparse
import re
import os
import os.path
import subprocess

p = optparse.OptionParser()
p.add_option("-k", "--kernels", action="store_true", dest="kernels", default=True,
             help="build or update all kernels (default)")
p.add_option("-c", "--clean", action="store_true", dest="clean",
             help="delete all generated files")
p.add_option("-p", "--preprocess", action="store_true", dest="preprocess",
             help="preprocess sass files only (for devel and debug)")
p.add_option("-d", "--dump", action="store_true", dest="dump",
             help="disassemble cubin files only (for devel and debug)")
opts, args = p.parse_args()

base_dir = os.path.dirname(os.path.realpath(__file__))
cu_dir = os.path.join(base_dir, "kernels", "cu")
sass_dir = os.path.join(base_dir, "kernels", "sass")
pre_dir = os.path.join(base_dir, "kernels", "pre")
cubin_dir = os.path.join(base_dir, "kernels", "cubin")
dump_dir = os.path.join(base_dir, "kernels", "dump")
nvcc_opts = ["nvcc", "-arch sm_50", "-cubin"]  # TODO require 52 for hpool and hconv kenels
maxas_opts_i = ["maxas.pl", "-i", "-w"]
maxas_opts_p = ["maxas.pl", "-p"]
dump_opts = ["nvdisasm", "-raw"]

include_re = re.compile(r'^<INCLUDE\s+file="([^"]+)"\s*/>')

def extract_includes(name, includes=None):
    if not includes:
        includes = list()
    sass_file = os.path.join(sass_dir, name)
    includes.append(sass_file)
    sass = open(sass_file, "r")
    for line in sass:
        match = include_re.search(line)
        if match:
            extract_includes(match.group(1), includes)
    return includes

for d in (cubin_dir, pre_dir, dump_dir):
    if not os.path.exists(d):
        os.mkdir(d)

compile_cubins = []
build_cubins = []
build_pre = []
dump_cubins = []

for cu_name in sorted(os.listdir(cu_dir)):
    if cu_name[-3:] != ".cu":
        continue

    kernel_name = cu_name[:-3]
    components = kernel_name.split("_")
    maxas_i = maxas_opts_i + ["-k " + kernel_name]
    maxas_p = maxas_opts_p + []
    try:
        components.remove("vec")
        maxas_i.append("-Dvec 1")
        maxas_p.append("-Dvec 1")
    except ValueError:
        pass

    sass_name = "_".join(components) + ".sass"
    cubin_name = kernel_name + ".cubin"
    pre_name = kernel_name + "_pre.sass"
    dump_name = kernel_name + "_dump.sass"

    cu_file = os.path.join(cu_dir, cu_name)
    sass_file = os.path.join(sass_dir, sass_name)
    pre_file = os.path.join(pre_dir, pre_name)
    cubin_file = os.path.join(cubin_dir, cubin_name)
    dump_file = os.path.join(dump_dir, dump_name)

    if opts.clean:
        for f in (cubin_file, pre_file, dump_file):
            if os.path.exists(f):
                os.remove(f)
        continue

    if not os.path.exists(sass_file):
        # TODO print warning?
        continue

    pre_age = os.path.getmtime(pre_file) if os.path.exists(pre_file) else 0
    cubin_age = os.path.getmtime(cubin_file) if os.path.exists(cubin_file) else 0
    dump_age = os.path.getmtime(dump_file) if os.path.exists(dump_file) else 0

    if opts.kernels and os.path.getmtime(cu_file) > cubin_age:
        compile_cubins.append(nvcc_opts + ["-o %s" % cubin_file, cu_file])

    if opts.dump and cubin_age > 0 and cubin_age > dump_age:
        dump_cubins.append(dump_opts + [cubin_file, ">", dump_file])

    if opts.kernels or opts.preprocess:
        for include in extract_includes(sass_name):
            if not os.path.exists(include):
                # TODO print warning?
                break
            include_age = os.path.getmtime(include)
            if opts.preprocess:
                if include_age > pre_age:
                    build_pre.append(maxas_p + [sass_file, pre_file])
                    break
            elif opts.kernels:
                if include_age > cubin_age:
                    build_cubins.append(maxas_i + [sass_file, cubin_file])
                    break

def run_commands(commands):
    if len(commands) > 0:
        procs = []
        for cmdlist in commands:
            cmdline = " ".join(cmdlist)
            proc = subprocess.Popen(cmdline, shell=True, stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
                                    stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
            procs.append((proc, cmdline))

        for proc, cmdline in procs:
            code = proc.wait()
            print cmdline
            if code:
                print proc.stderr.read()
            output = proc.stdout.read()
            if output:
                print output

run_commands(compile_cubins)
run_commands(build_cubins)
run_commands(build_pre)
run_commands(dump_cubins)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Muscle synergy stability and human balance maintenance
Tytus Wojtara1,
Fady Alnajjar1,
Shingo Shimoda1 &
Hidenori Kimura1
The signals that the central nervous system (CNS) produces and sends to the muscles to effect movement are not entirely understood. Muscle synergy theory suggests that the central nervous system produces a small number of signals that pass through a network that distributes combinations of these signals to the muscles. Though these synergies are rather stable over time, some variability is present.
Here, we investigated the variability of muscle synergy and defined a synergy stability index (SSI) to quantify it. We measured the activity of muscles responsible for maintaining lateral balance in humans standing on a platform that was subjected to lateral disturbance from the platform. We then calculated muscle synergies attributed to postural reflex and automatic response by using non-negative matrix factorization (NMF). Finally, from the calculated muscle synergies, we obtained SSI.
We observed a positive proportional relation between balance performance and SSI. Participants who were adept at maintaining balance were found to have invariant muscle synergies, and non-adept participants showed variable muscle synergies.
These results suggest that SSI can be used to quantitatively evaluate balance maintenance ability.
The term muscle synergy, also called motor synergy, neuromuscular synergy, or muscle mode, has been used in the literature extensively over the last decade. A muscle synergy is the activation of a group of muscles to contribute to a particular movement [1], thus reducing the dimensionality of muscle control. A single muscle can be part of multiple muscle synergies, and a single synergy can activate various muscles. Different ways of grouping muscles into synergies can be found in the literature [2]. Some researchers define synergies as muscle activation of a set of muscles contributing to a particular movement where each muscle contributes to only one synergy [3]. However, the existence of synergies is controversial, with studies providing evidence for and against the existence of muscle synergies [2]. Muscle synergies are calculated from electromyography (EMG) data, and have been described in frogs [4], cats [5], and humans [3, 6–8]. Studies have focused on voluntary movements such as walking [9], cycling [10], and upper-limb reaching [6]. Others have investigated reflexes in frogs by cutaneous mechanical stimulation [11] and in cats through displacement of a supporting surface [5], as well as automatic postural responses in humans, where upright stance synergies were identified for different directions [7].
Muscle synergies can be identified by factor analyses [12] such as non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) [13, 14] and principal component analysis (PCA) [15].
In this study, we calculated synergies from EMG data and used an NMF method based on the Lee–Seung algorithm [14], which is a basic and fast NMF algorithm with multiplicative updating rules.
We chose balance maintenance for our task to observe reflex and automatic responses of the central nervous system (CNS). We based our study on our previous work on human balance [16]. In a society where humans are living longer than ever before, deterioration of ability to maintain balance poses a serious problem for elderly persons [17]. The mechanism of balance maintenance must be clarified in order to find a solution to this growing problem.
Our hypothesis about the control architecture of the CNS is based on the bow-tie structure proposed in [18]. We regard this hypothesis as an assumption for the existence of synergies. Only a portion of the information about the environment outside the human body enters the sensory system. An even smaller portion of this information is relevant to a particular task, such as balance maintenance. The CNS processes this relatively small amount of information and sends signals to the muscles that, in turn, move the highly redundant musculo-skeletal structure. The bow-tie structure represents a model of reducing degrees of freedom, since it processes high-dimensional input and produces high-dimensional output by a rather low-dimensional processing unit. Dealing with low-dimensional data is very time-efficient and allows for processing multiple tasks at the same time.
We cannot measure the relevant synergy recruitment signals directly at source, that is, in the brain or other parts of the CNS. However, we can measure the outcome which is the muscle activation. From these data, we can estimate what signals the CNS must have sent. We call these signals synergies.
Since all muscles move the same body, and there are multiple muscles moving the same joint, most muscles work in groups. The muscle activation signals are related to each other and thus they can be represented by a smaller number of signals. From the EMG signals, we calculate these representative signals (synergy recruitment signals) and the weights (muscle synergies) of the network that distributes these signals to the muscles. The number of synergy recruitment signals and the number of synergies are therefore much smaller than the number of muscles used.
Here, we propose an index of synergy stability to quantify synergy variability. Our findings suggest that synergy stability can be a measure of task performance quality and can be quantified by using the metrics introduced hereafter.
Definition of muscle synergy
We assume that each EMG signal M j (t) from a muscle that produces a reaction to a disturbance of body posture can be described as
M j t = ∑ i = 1 k w ij C i t , j = 1 , … , m
where m denotes the number of measured muscles, C i (t) is the signal produced by the CNS to control the i th synergy, w ij is a time-independent weight for muscle j in synergy i, and k is the number of synergies. We define M j (t) for the interval from 75 ms to 150 ms after disturbance onset. We chose this interval because reflex mechanisms and automatic responses are active within this time window.
Lateral disturbance experiments
All experiments were approved by the RIKEN Ethics Committee.
Ten healthy persons (all men; age, 22–50 years; weight, 55–95 kg; height, 164–185 cm) participated in the experiment (Table 1). Participants stood on a platform with arms akimbo (on their hips) and feet parallel at about 30 mm apart, as shown in Figure 1. The arms akimbo position was used to cancel the effect of balancing using the arms. It is also closer to the natural hanging-down position than crossing arms on the chest, which made many participants feel uncomfortable. Crossed arms would also have obstructed optical markers placed on the chest for motion capture. Distance between the feet was set slightly shorter than shoulder width because participants did not show balance difficulties at greater distances. To effectively disturb the balance of a person with feet set at shoulder-width distance, the disturbance would have to be much stronger, which was technically infeasible and potentially dangerous.
Table 1 Participant data
Participant standing on the platform.
During each trial the platform moved laterally as shown in Additional file 1. The timing and direction of movement were random and not known to the participants in advance. Movements in only the left direction were used for evaluation. During the movement of the platform to the left, the human body inclines to the right, putting body weight almost entirely on the right leg. The participants were instructed to stand still, keep their feet on the ground and avoid stepping and body movements other than lateral hip flexion/extension and ankle inversion/eversion. EMG signals of six muscles of the right side from 75 ms [19] to 125 ms after movement onset were recorded by using wireless active electrodes (BTS Bioengineering, Milan). The six muscles chosen for EMG recording were relatively easy-to-measure surface muscles in charge of lateral posture correction: muscles for ankle joint inversion, the flexor hallucius longus (FHL) and tibialis anterior (TA); for hip joint abduction, tensor faciae latae (TFL) and gluteus medius (GM); and for trunk lateral flexion, rectus abdominis (RA) and erector spinae (ES). Because RA produces a noisy signal when there is a fat layer over the abdominal muscles, only participants with relatively low fat were chosen.
The following measures were implemented to create equal conditions for all participants and to keep them as motivated as possible.
We introduced a score system (see the subsection on assessment of inter-individual differences) to help participants maintain their concentration and motivation. The system provided a platform score (PS) that was displayed on a screen to give the participants feedback on their performance.
The participants stood on thin force sensors used to monitor lateral balance. The experiment was executed after confirming that the participants were balanced, that is, center of pressure was at the midpoint between the feet. This was done to prevent the participants from trying to predict the direction of the platform movement.
Muscle activation was monitored, and the experiment was carried out only when EMG activity was less than 30% of maximum, indicating a relaxed posture. This was done to prevent the participants from trying to predict the timing of the platform movement.
Two different disturbance strengths were used. The platform moved 160 mm within 0.66 s for the weak disturbance and 180 mm within 0.75 s for the strong disturbance. The parameters (displacement and duration) of the weak disturbance were tuned so as to produce a muscle response strong enough to obtain an acceptable signal to noise ratio but weak enough to not evoke a stepping response. The strong disturbance was used to determine differences in behavior between adept and non-adept participants for balancing. Adept participants were able to maintain their balance, while non-adept participants responded to the strong disturbance with a step or by lifting a leg.
Calculation of muscle synergies from EMG data
EMG was sampled at 1 kHz, high-pass filtered with a 30 Hz cutoff, root-mean square rectified, and smoothed using moving average with sine function shaped window of length 10 samples.
The time window used for synergy extraction from EMG signals varies between studies. Many researchers investigating automatic postural responses base their methods on [20], where averages were taken from three time bins, two 75 ms long followed by one 350 ms long, starting 75ms after onset of a disturbance. Similarly in [7], the authors used three 75-ms time bins after disturbance onset. A finer time division was also applied for voluntary movements in [8].
Muscle activity signals M j (t) (Eq. 1) constituted the experimental data and were arranged to form an m×n matrix M, where m denotes the number of measured muscles and n the number of samples. EMG data M were then factorized by NMF to obtain the synergy matrix W and the synergy recruitment matrix C such that
M m × n = W m × k C k × n + E m × n ,
where k denotes the number of synergies and E the residuals. EMG data from each trial were used as input to the NMF algorithm. We selected the Lee–Seung algorithm [14] for our NMF, as other algorithms tended to be unstable. The initialization matrix of the NMF algorithm was set randomly, and the calculation was run 10 times for each data set. No significant changes in the results were observed.
Each of the 10 participants performed total of 12 left-direction and 12 right-direction trials in random order. Four left-direction trials per person were selected for further synergy calculation. Those were trials where the participants did not expect the disturbance and were relaxed. Specifically, they showed balanced posture, equal values for the foot sensors, and low EMG activity shortly before the onset of the disturbance. On the basis of observations and questioning of the participants, we decided to treat the first trials as a warm up and excluded them from evaluation. Data from one participant who reported fear and fatigue on the day of the experiment and performed many unnecessary recovery movements were discarded as outliers. Data from the remaining 9 participants were used for evaluation.
Number of synergies
We calculated the variability accounted for (VAF) to determine to what extent the original EMG data could be reconstructed from the factorized data. The VAF is defined as
VAF=1− E F 2 M F 2 ,
where ∥·∥ F denotes the Frobenius norm of a matrix. VAF calculations were carried out for each number of synergies 1 to m. When VAF was higher than the 90% threshold, then the number of synergies was deemed sufficient to regard the factorization results W and C as representative of the data set M[21, 22].
Assessment of inter-individual differences
To assess inter-individual differences, we introduced two quantitative indexes of balance ability, synergy stability index (SSI), based on synergy calculations and platform score (PS), based on observations of human balance recovery.
Synergy stability index
To obtain an SSI for each participant, synergies were calculated for each weak disturbance trial, and their variability was evaluated by calculating the correlation between the synergies of that participant.
The rows of the matrix W are the synergy vectors, and we define w j (j=1,…,p) as the synergy vector of a participant for the j th trial for a particular synergy. If w j are well aligned, or more precisely, if w1=w2=…=w p =w after normalization, then we can say that w is the synergy vector of this participant for the experiment. In reality, synergy vectors are not identical from trial to trial, and we evaluate the degree of alignment among synergy vectors of different trials, representing this by the Pearson's correlation coefficient r (Eq. 5) for each of the synergy vector pairs. Results were averaged over all p(p−1)/2 pairs, and then the averaged pairwise correlations were further averaged with respect to synergies to yield SSI. More precisely, SSI is represented as
SSI= 1 k ∑ i = 1 k 2 p p − 1 ∑ l ≠ q p r w l i , w q i ,
where p is the number of trials, k is the number of synergies, and w l i and w q i are the i th normalized synergy vectors of the l th and q th trials, respectively. Synergy vectors were normalized such that the sum of all elements squared equaled 1. We sorted the resulting synergies to determine the highest SSI. The Pearson's correlation coefficient r is defined as
r x , y = ∑ j = 1 m x j − x ̄ y j − y ̄ m S x S y ,
where x and y are two vectors to compare; x ̄ and y ̄ are mean values, while S x and S y are standard deviations.
Platform score
Balance ability was also assessed by observing participants behavior during balance recovery from the strong disturbance and quantitatively expressed by PS. All trials were used for calculation so as to evaluate the overall ability of a participant and not a single strategy as in SSI calculation.
The maximum score was achieved when participant stood on both feet and kept both hands in the akimbo position at all times during the disturbance. Scores were penalized for the following behaviours. Removing one hand from the akimbo position was penalized one point, and removing both hands from the akimbo position was penalized two points. Lifting one heel off the surface was penalized one point, completely lifting one foot off the surface was penalized two points, and stepping aside with one foot was penalized three points. Totally losing balance and stepping aside with both feet cost the participant all six points.
VAF calculation (Figure 2) revealed that the number of synergies k needed to reconstruct the original muscle activity data of all measured muscles was one or two, depending on the participant. Thus, we extracted an equal number of synergies (two) across participants to facilitate comparison. This low number of synergies can be explained by the fact that the human body in the lateral direction can be modeled with one degree of freedom for weak disturbances and two degrees of freedom for strong disturbances. For weak disturbances, the ankle joint is sufficient to maintain balance (ankle strategy); for strong disturbances, the ankle together with the hip joint play the main roles in balance maintenance (hip strategy) [23].
VAF. Two examples of VAF. SSI for number of synergies k = 1… 6 are shown. Participant sbj1 (left) has one synergy since his SSI for k≥1 is greater than the 90% threshold (horizontal line), and participant sbj9 (right) has two synergies since his SSI for k≥2 is greater than the threshold. Error bars denote standard deviation.
Figure 3a shows an example set (sbj6) of synergy W and synergy recruitment C. Each of the two synergy vectors W can be found in a separate bar graph on the left side. Each of the two synergy recruitment signals C is presented in a separate graph on the right side.
Mean EMG values and the standard deviations of all six measured muscles (Figure 4) revealed that muscle activation can vary from trial to trial. The synergy similarity among trials is expressed by the SSI. Its values, for each participant, can be seen in Figure 5b. However, despite inter-trial differences among EMG signals, inter-trial synergies revealed to be similar as expressed by SSI values (Figure 5b). PS mean and standard deviation (Figure 5a) were calculated from approximately 12 platform movements for each participant and provided a quantification of balance performance. PS was not found to be dependent on height or weight and to be only slightly dependent on age (Figure 6).
Synergy. Two sets of synergies W (bar graphs) and synergy recruitments C (time plots) for participant sbj6. a: weak disturbance; b: strong disturbance.
EMG data of six muscles of participant sbj6. Mean EMG activity (solid line) and standard deviation (gray area) for Flexor hallucius longus (FHL), tibialis anterior (TA), tensor faciae latae (TFL), gluteus medius (GM), rectus abdominis (RA), and erector spinae (ES) are shown.
PS and SSI. a: PS of nine participants from the strong disturbance; b: SSI of nine participants from the weak disturbance; c: Relation between SSI and PS, with linear least squares regression (solid line).
PS as function of age, weight, and height. PS as a function of age, weight, and height, with linear least squares regression (solid line).
Plotting PS as a function of SSI for each participant (Figure 5c) and applying linear least squares regression revealed a strong correlation (R=0.82) for the nine participants. This indicates that participants adept at maintaining balance (high PS) used the same synergy (high SSI), while non-adept participants used different synergies (low SSI) across trials. In other words, it can be said that persons who have high PS also have high SSI, and vice versa, as can be seen in Figure 5c and by comparing Figure 5a with Figure 5b. Therefore, participants who were able to minimize synergy variability were the most adept at maintaining balance.
PS was derived from strong disturbance trials to allow observation of differences in balance ability between participants. The strength of the disturbance was chosen such that some participants were not able to maintain their balance without waving their arms or stepping aside. SSI, in contrast, was derived from weak disturbance experiments. At this strength of movement, all participants were able to maintain balance without arm movements or stepping. One participant who was adept at balancing for both weak and strong disturbances showed similar synergies for the two disturbances (Figure 3a and b, left). Differences in muscle activity (Figure 3a and b, right) can be attributed to the synergy recruitment C.
The results suggest that the CNS is not able to produce a constant synergy in persons who are not adept at maintaining balance. Adept persons, on the other hand, will show less variations between disturbances. We assume that during balance training the CNS tries to adjust its synergy within a certain range to find the best configuration. In non-adept persons, this synergy is adjusted in a wider range than in persons who are adept at maintaining balance.
Our study was not without limitations. Our balance scoring system was not a clinically established index of balance. However, we were forced to use a self-designed scoring system because established indexes didn't fit our needs. The Berg Balance Scale, for example, is a well established index that neglects dynamic balance and was designed for persons with balance disabilities while we dealt with healthy persons and needed an index to examine their dynamic balance. Furthermore, EMG data for the ES muscle tended to have noise due to sweat on the lower back as a result of physical exertion during the experiment.
We applied a platform disruption method to investigate the neural mechanisms of involuntary motor control. Muscle synergies with distinct space-time separation were found, suggesting a possible method for reduction of muscle redundancy in motor control. We measured muscle activity of reflex and automatic posture control, then computed the associated muscle synergies. Analysis revealed that some participants showed relatively constant synergy across trials, while others showed different synergies. We demonstrated that participants with constant synergy were more adept at maintaining balance after lateral perturbation than those with different synergies among trials. This suggests the potential for the use of synergy constancy represented by SSI as a measure of ability to maintain balance or neural control quality.
Written informed consent was obtained from the patient for the publication of this report and any accompanying images.
Cordo PJ, Bell CC, Harnad S: Motor Learning and Synaptic Plasticity in the cerebellum. Cambridge, UK: Press Syndicate of the University of Cambridge, Cambridge University Press; 1997. ISBN 0-521-59705-6
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Cheung V, Piron L, Agostini M, Silvoni S, Turolla A, Bizzi E: Stability of muscle synergies for voluntary actions after cortical stroke in humans. PNAS 2009,106(46):19563-19568. 10.1073/pnas.0910114106
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Tresch MC, Cheung VCK, d'Avella A: Matrix factorization algorithms for the identification of muscle synergies: evaluation on simulated and experimental data sets. J Neurophysiol 2006,95(4):2199-2212.
Wojtara T, Sasaki M, Konosu H, Yamashita M, Shimoda S, Alnajjar F, Kimura H: Artificial balancer - supporting device for postural reflex. Gait Posture 2011,35(2):316-321.
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The authors would like to express their thanks to all those who contributed to the creation of this manuscript and in particular to all the experiment participants.
BTCC, RIKEN, Nagoya, Japan
Tytus Wojtara, Fady Alnajjar, Shingo Shimoda & Hidenori Kimura
Tytus Wojtara
Fady Alnajjar
Shingo Shimoda
Hidenori Kimura
Correspondence to Tytus Wojtara.
TW was the main person in the conception, design of experiments and the experimental environment, acquisition of data, analysis and interpretation of data, calculations and drafting of the manuscript. FA took part in all aspects of creation of the paper and in particular, in carrying out the experiments and evaluation of data. SS took part in the conception and interpretation of data and HK guided the project, took part in the conception and interpretation and revised the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
Additional file 1: Video showing balance maintenance experiments. (WMV 19 MB)
This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.
Wojtara, T., Alnajjar, F., Shimoda, S. et al. Muscle synergy stability and human balance maintenance. J NeuroEngineering Rehabil 11, 129 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1186/1743-0003-11-129
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1743-0003-11-129
Erector Spinae
Muscle Synergy
Berg Balance Scale
Strong Disturbance
Balance Ability


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This article is about the player-created avatar in the Monster Hunter series. For the universe, see Monster Hunter (universe).
Two Monster Hunters in the default Leather set.
Monster Hunters refer to the player-created avatars from Capcom's Monster Hunter series.
Rathalos armor as seen in the Monster Hunter series.
In every Monster Hunter game to date, as the game's title states, players take up quests in hunting and defeating monsters. Their parts can be used to create various pieces of equipment. Weapons, and the monsters whose parts can be used, vary from missions and the game.
The Hunter's Armor Set is a recurring set of armor throughout the Monster Hunter series. It is usually the first non-default armor available for purchase from the armory. The Hunter's Knife is the first sword and shield in the "Iron" series of weapons. The Rathalos Armor Set is also a recurring armor set. By repeatedly hunting Rathalos, a hunter can gather enough parts from carving to assemble the set. The set is modeled after Rathalos in appearance. The Blazing Falchion is a sword and shield that can be crafted from Rathalos parts.
Two Monster Hunter armor sets are the basis for paid downloadable content costumes for Mii Swordfighters. The armor sets used are the Hunter's Blademaster Armor while wielding the Hunter's Knife sword and shield set, and the Rathalos Blademaster Armor while wielding the Blazing Falchion sword and shield set.
This page was last edited on April 10, 2019, at 21:04.


* Returns the value of a named route parameter.
* Returns the processed value of a named route parameter.
* corresponding loaded node object.
* if the parameter value can't be determined from the request.
* Returns the bag of all route parameters.
* Returns the bag of all processed route parameters.


Absolutely! I am also making a time-lapse video of the assembly of the kit... from when it comes off the UPS truck!
Nope... but I am going to start making new covers vids from a variety of groups! One of them is The Camera Eye from Rush! I have a bunch more planned!
Matt you have any new You tube covers ?
Welcome back as well. I recognized the brass FF snare pic you posted immediately, knew you had to be back.
Can't wait to see them... K Darks are beautiful sounding pies!
Nice to be back... thank you.


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NFL Week 17: Raiders at Broncos TV Schedule, Coverage Map, Time and Live Stream
Las Vegas Raiders TE Darren Waller And The Team Hopes To Finish Off Their Season With a Win Against The Denver Broncos.
Andrew Pistone
There's no guarantee that the Las Vegas Raiders would have made the playoffs had they been able to beat the Miami Dolphins last weekend, but the possibility existed for them to find a way in had they won that game, and other results broke differently in Week 16. As it stands now, the Silver and Black will close out a disappointing season against the Denver Broncos on the road.
Las Vegas played better than Miami for about 55 minutes of the game last week, but the Raiders could not finish the job down the stretch. Falling 26-25, the Raiders will look at that game wondering what could have been, but still had a number of positive developments in the contest. TE Darren Waller continues to prove he is one of the premier option at the position in the NFL, and routinely showed up Dolphins DB Eric Rowe on his way to 112 yard receiving performance.
JUST STOP IT, DARREN. GOOD LORD.
Watch #MIAvsLV live: https://t.co/tLp1QpkjfH pic.twitter.com/Ly6phjGWkI
— Las Vegas Raiders (@Raiders) December 27, 2020
Denver will play its second divisional game in as many weeks this Sunday, and hopes that it will go better than it did against Los Angeles last weekend. The Broncos fell 19-16 against the Chargers, but can take solace that they didn't give up as much on defense as they did in their first meeting with Los Angeles. Denver's defense made several key plays to keep the team in the game.
Parnell Motley saved 6 💯 @Broncos
📺 #DENvsLAC on CBS pic.twitter.com/eGSV5oTdY5
— The Checkdown (@thecheckdown) December 27, 2020
Las Vegas Raiders at Denver Broncos TV Schedule
What Time is The Raiders at Broncos on Sunday?
4:25 p.m EST on Sunday, January 3rd.
What Channel Is The Raiders at Broncos game on Sunday?
Las Vegas Raiders at Denver Broncos Coverage Map
Week 17 CBS Late Coverage
How To Watch Las Vegas Raiders at Denver Broncos
CBS All-Access
SlingTV
Las Vegas Raiders at Denver Broncos Prediction
This game is a tough one to figure, as both teams don't have much to play for in their 2020 season finale. While the Broncos should be using every game to get their young offensive players additional reps and experience, it stands to reason that the Raiders really don't want to head into the offseason on a disappointing losing streak. Falling to the Dolphins in as shocking and heartbreaking a way as a football team could lose might have taken the air out of the balloon, but could also serve as a rallying cry for Las Vegas to end their season on a high note.
Prediction: Raiders 23, Broncos 21
Oakland Raiders Denver Broncos Derek Carr American Football Conference


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Voluntary Program Links
Cybersecurity Framework
SLTT Government
Cyber Resilience Review Downloadable Resources
Self-Assessment Package
Self-assessment form and report generator.
Method Description & User Guide
Walk-through for how an organization can conduct a CRR self-assessment.
Question Set with Guidance
Self-assessment question set along with accompanying guidance.
CRR NIST Framework Crosswalk
Cross-reference chart for how the NIST Cybersecurity Framework aligns to the CRR.
Summary of the CRR process.
The resources below are available to businesses and aligned to the five Cybersecurity Framework Function Areas. Some resources and programs align to more than one Function Area. This page will be updated as additional resources — from DHS, other Federal agencies, and the private sector — are identified.
Resources to Identify
Cyber Resilience Review (CRR)
The CRR is a no-cost, voluntary, non-technical assessment to evaluate an organization's operational resilience and cybersecurity practices. The CRR may be conducted as a self-assessment or as an on-site assessment facilitated by DHS cybersecurity professionals. The CRR assesses enterprise practices and procedures across a range of ten domains including risk management, incident management, service continuity, and others. The assessment is designed to measure existing organizational resilience as well as provide a gap analysis for improvement based on recognized best practices. For additional information please see http://us-cert.gov/ccubedvp/self-service-crr.
Cybersecurity Evaluation Tool (CSET) and On-Site Cybersecurity Consulting
Industrial control systems security posture assessments, offered through CSET, a self-assessment tool. Features include a mapping to control systems standards based on the sector as well as a network architecture mapping tool. The tool can be downloaded for self-use or organizations can request a facilitated site visit, which could include basic security assessments, network architectural review and verification, network scanning using custom tools to identify malicious activity and indicators of compromise, and penetration testing. More information is available at: http://ics-cert.us-cert.gov/assessments.
Industrial Control Systems Computer Emergency Readiness Team (Industrial Control Systems Security) Recommended Practices
A list of recommended practices aimed at helping industry understand and prepare for ongoing and emerging control systems cybersecurity issues, vulnerabilities, and mitigation strategies. ICS-CERT works with control systems manufacturers, service providers, researchers, and end users to ensure that the recommended practices are vetted by industry subject matter experts prior to publication. Recommended practices cover topics such as defense-in-depth strategies, cyber forensics, and incident response and are updated on a routine basis to account for emerging issues and practices. Access to recommended practices is provided through: http://ics-cert.us-cert.gov/introduction-recommended-practices.
National Cyber Awareness System (NCAS)
CISA's National Cybersecurity and Communications Integration Center (NCCIC) produces advisories, alerts, analysis reports, current activities, weekly security bulletins, and tips to alert readers of emerging cyber threats and vulnerabilities. More information on obtaining NCAS products is available at:
http://us-cert.gov/ncas
http://us-cert.gov/mailing-lists-and-feeds
https://public.govdelivery.com/accounts/USDHSUSCERT/subscribers/new
Cyber Security Advisors (CSAs)
CSAs are regionally located DHS personnel who direct coordination, outreach, and regional support to protect cyber components essential to the sustainability, preparedness, and protection of the Nation's critical infrastructure and State, local, territorial, and tribal (SLTT) governments. CSAs offer immediate and sustained assistance to prepare and protect SLTT and private entities. CSAs bolster the cybersecurity preparedness, risk mitigation, and incident response capabilities of these entities and bring them into closer coordination with the Federal Government. CSAs represent a front line approach and promote resilience of key cyber infrastructures throughout the U.S. and its territories. For more information about CSAs, please email cyberadvisor@hq.dhs.gov.
Protective Security Advisors (PSAs)
PSAs are trained critical infrastructure protection and vulnerability mitigation subject matter experts. Regional Directors are Supervisory PSAs, responsible for the activities of eight or more PSAs and geospatial analysts, who ensure all Office of Infrastructure Protection critical infrastructure protection programs and services are delivered to Federal and SLTT stakeholders and private sector owners and operators. The PSA program focuses on physical site security and resiliency assessments, planning and engagement, incident management assistance, and vulnerability and consequence information sharing. For more information about PSAs, visit: http://dhs.gov/protective-security-advisors.
Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) Emergency Planning Exercises
The FEMA Private Sector Division, Office of External Affairs, introduced a series of tabletop exercises in 2010 as a tool to help private sector organizations advance their continuity, preparedness, and resiliency. Tabletop exercises are designed to help an organization test a hypothetical situation, such as a natural or man-made disaster, and evaluate the groups' ability to cooperate and work together, as well as test their readiness to respond. To access the exercises, visit: http://www.fema.gov/emergency-planning-exercises.
An Intel Use Case for the Cybersecurity Framework in Action
Intel completed a pilot project to test the use of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Cybersecurity Framework (the Framework) at their corporation. The results of Intel's Framework use include reusable tools and best practices; harmonized risk management methods, technologies, and language across the corporation and its supply chain; informed discussions about risk tolerance; more focused risk reduction activities; and improved visibility of the risk landscape.
The use case can be found here: http://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/government/cybersecurity-framework-in-action-use-case-brief.html.
CyberChain Portal-Based Assessment Tool
This portal, managed by the University of Maryland Robert H. Smith School of Business Supply Chain Management Center, provides risk assessment tools, scenario based mapping tools, anonymous information sharing, and assessments to calculate factors such vulnerability and risk maturity capability. Tools also enable diagnosis of IT supply chain trouble spots and areas for improvement based on NIST guidelines. Learn more at https://cyberchain.rhsmith.umd.edu/.
Domain Name Services (DNS) Risk Assessment
This report describes how specific existing and emerging threats, technologies, and standards affect the risk profiles of the Information Technology (IT) Sector's DNS and Internet routing critical functions. The results of this assessment can inform organizations utilizing the Cybersecurity Framework to assess their own risks, including the Identify – Business Environment and Identify – Risk Assessment Categories of the Framework. The report was developed by experts from industry and government under the sponsorship of the IT Sector Coordinating Council (SCC) and IT Government Coordinating Council (GCC), with the DHS Office of Cybersecurity and Communications (CS&C) serving as the Sector-Specific Agency (SSA).
Cloud Controls Matrix
The Cloud Security Alliance (CSA) Cloud Controls Matrix (CCM) is designed to provide fundamental security principles to guide cloud vendors and to assist prospective cloud customers in assessing the overall security risk of a cloud provider. The CSA CCM provides a controls framework that gives detailed understanding of security concepts and principles that are aligned to tools including the NIST Cybersecurity Framework. The CSA CCM strengthens existing information security control environments by emphasizing business information security control requirements, reduces and identifies consistent security threats and vulnerabilities in the cloud, provides standardized security and operational risk management, and seeks to normalize security expectations, cloud taxonomy and terminology, and security measures implemented in the cloud. Learn more at https://cloudsecurityalliance.org/working-groups/cloud-controls-matrix/#_overview.
Resources to Protect
Industrial Control Systems Security Training
Training in industrial control systems security at the overview, intermediate, and advanced levels, including web-based and instructor-led formats. More information on ICS-CERT training opportunities are available at: http://ics-cert.us-cert.gov/training-available-through-ics-cert.
Industrial Control Systems Security Recommended Practices
A list of recommended practices aimed at helping industry understand and prepare for ongoing and emerging control systems cybersecurity issues, vulnerabilities, and mitigation strategies. ICS-CERT works with control systems manufacturers, service providers, researchers, and the end user community to ensure that the recommended practices are vetted by industry subject matter experts prior to publication. Recommended practices cover topics such as defense-in-depth strategies, cyber forensics, and incident response, and are updated on a routine basis to account for emerging issues and practices. Access to recommended practices is provided through: http://ics-cert.us-cert.gov/introduction-recommended-practices.
CSAs are regionally located DHS personnel who direct coordination, outreach, and regional support to protect cyber components essential to the sustainability, preparedness, and protection of the Nation's critical infrastructure and SLTT governments. CSAs offer immediate and sustained assistance to prepare and protect SLTT and private entities. CSAs bolster the cybersecurity preparedness, risk mitigation, and incident response capabilities of these entities and bring them into closer coordination with the Federal Government. CSAs represent a front line approach and promote resilience of key cyber infrastructures throughout the U.S. and its territories. For more information about CSAs, please email cyberadvisor@hq.dhs.gov.
Cyber Information Sharing and Collaboration Program (CISCP)
A no-cost information sharing partnership between enterprises and DHS, CISCP creates shared situational awareness across critical infrastructure communities, enhances cybersecurity collaboration between DHS and critical infrastructure owners and operators, and leverages government and industry subject matter expertise to collaboratively respond to cybersecurity incidents. For more information about CISCP, please email ciscp_coordination@hq.dhs.gov and download an overview of CISCP.
Enhanced Cybersecurity Services (ECS)
The Department of Homeland Security's (DHS) Enhanced Cybersecurity Services (ECS) program is an intrusion prevention capability that helps U.S. based companies protect their computer systems against unauthorized access, exploitation, and data exfiltration. ECS works by sharing sensitive and classified cyber threat information with accredited Commercial Service Providers (CSPs). These CSPs in turn use that information to block certain types of malicious traffic from entering customer networks. ECS is meant to augment, but not replace, existing cybersecurity capabilities. All U.S.-based public and private organizations are eligible to enroll in ECS. Please contact the ECS CSPs for enrollment information:
AT&T (ecs-pmo@list.att.com)
CenturyLink (ecs@centurylink.com)
Verizon (vz-ecs@one.verizon.com)
General ECS information is available at: http://dhs.gov/enhanced-cybersecurity-services.
Stop.Think.Connect.™ Campaign
Launched in 2010, the Stop.Think.Connect.™ Campaign was created to empower Americans to reduce cyber risk online by incorporating safe habits into their online routines. The Campaign was conceived by a coalition of private companies, non-profits, and government organizations, including DHS, through the Anti-Phishing Working Group Messaging Convention and the National Cyber Security Alliance (NCSA). For more information on how to get involved, visit http://dhs.gov/stopthinkconnect or email stopthinkconnect@dhs.gov.
National Initiative for Cybersecurity Education (NICE)
NICE comprises various cybersecurity education and awareness initiatives, including the National Initiative for Cybersecurity Careers & Studies (NICCS) website, the premier online resource for cybersecurity training. NICCS connects Government employees, students, educators, and industry with cybersecurity training providers throughout the Nation. To learn more, please visit: https://niccs.us-cert.gov/formal-education
National Initiative for Cybersecurity Careers and Studies (NICCS) Website
The National Initiative for Cybersecurity Careers and Studies (NICCS) is the premier online resource for cybersecurity training. NICCS connects Government employees, students, educators, and industry with cybersecurity training providers throughout the Nation. To learn more, please visit: https://niccs.us-cert.gov.
The National Cybersecurity Workforce Framework
The National Cybersecurity Workforce Framework is a blueprint for categorizing and describing cybersecurity work into specialty areas, tasks, and knowledge, skills and abilities (KSA's). The National Cybersecurity workforce framework provides a common language for defining and performing cybersecurity work that can be utilized by training providers, employers, educators, employees, and students. Each Specialty Area detail displays the standard tasks and the knowledge, skills, and abilities needed to successfully complete those tasks. To learn more, please visit: https://niccs.us-cert.gov/workforce-development/cyber-security-workforce-framework
National Security Agency (NSA) / Information Assurance Directorate (IAD) National Security Cyber Assistance Program
The NSA/IAD has established a National Security Cyber Assistance Program wherein commercial organizations can receive accreditation for cyber incident response services. This accreditation in Cyber Incident Response Assistance will validate that an organization has established processes, effective tools and knowledgeable people with the proper skill set and expertise to perform cyber incident response for national security systems. Visit http://www.nsa.gov/ia for more information or download best practices for keeping your home network secure at http://www.nsa.gov/ia/_files/factsheets/Best_Practices_Datasheets.pdf.
Federal Communications Commission (FCC) Cybersecurity for Small Business
In October 2012, the FCC re-launched Small Biz Cyber Planner 2.0, an online resource to help small businesses create customized cybersecurity plans. Companies can use this tool to create and save a custom cybersecurity plan, choosing from a menu of expert advice to address specific business needs and concerns. The FCC also released an updated Cybersecurity Tip Sheet, a quick resource featuring new tips on creating a mobile device action plan and on payment and credit card security. For more information and to access these resources, visit http://www.fcc.gov/cyberforsmallbiz.
Cybersecurity Service Offering Reference Aids
DHS's National Protection and Programs Directorate (NPPD) has developed a list of freely-available reports and resources pertinent to managing the acquisition of cybersecurity services. It is not intended to be exhaustive, but covers a wide range of cybersecurity services including cloud service providers, cyber incident response, cloud computing, software assurance, and industrial control systems. While most of the recommendations and reports below are vendor-agnostic, some identify specific service providers that have met a certification criteria related to their service offerings. DHS does not endorse any particular service provider or offering. Access the reference aids here: Cybersecurity Service Offering Reference Aids.
Process Control System Security Guidance for the Water Sector
The American Water Works Association developed this guidance to provide water sector utility owners and operators with a consistent and repeatable recommended course of action to reduce vulnerabilities to cyber-attacks as recommended in ANSI/AWWA G430: Security Practices for Operations and Management and Executive Order 13636. The AWWA Guidance and Tool represents a voluntary, sector-specific approach for adopting the NIST Cybersecurity Framework as expressed by the Water Sector Coordinating Council. Download the guide at http://www.awwa.org/Portals/0/files/legreg/documents/AWWACybersecurityguide.pdf.
Cybersecurity 101: A Resource Guide for Bank Executives
The Conference of State Bank Supervisors (CSBS) published Cybersecurity 101: A Resource Guide for Bank Executives, a non-technical resource on cybersecurity that community bank CEOs, senior executives, and board members can use to help mitigate cybersecurity threats at their banks. The guide puts into one place industry-recognized standards and best practices for cybersecurity currently used within the financial services industry. Learn more and download the guide at http://www.csbs.org/news/press-releases/pr2014/Pages/pr-121714.aspx.
Small Firms Cybersecurity Guidance: How Small Firms Can Better Protect Their Business
The Securities Industry and Financial Markets Association (SIFMA) has developed this Small Firms Cybersecurity Guidance to provide information to small firms to increase their security and ensure the protection of their customers. The guide builds upon the NIST Cybersecurity Framework. Firms can apply the best practices in this guide in a risk-based, threat-informed approach based on the resources available and in support of their firm's overall business model. Learn more and download the guide at http://www.sifma.org/issues/operations-and-technology/cybersecurity/guidance-for-small-firms/.
NIST Cybersecurity Framework Explained
In this video, Rapid7 discusses and gives a brief overview of the NIST Cybersecurity Framework. Watch the video at http://www.rapid7.com/resources/videos/nist-cybersecurity-framework-explained.jsp.
Start with Security: A Guide for Business
This guide from the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) offers ten practical lessons businesses can learn from the FTC's 50+ data security settlements.Lessons include suggestions like "Start with security," "Control access to data sensibly," and "Require secure passwords," each complete with detailed tips and explanations.The guide also links to online tutorials to help train employees, as well as publications to address particular data security challenges. To download the guide or order free copies, please visit https://www.ftc.gov/tips-advice/business-center/guidance/start-security-guide-business.
Resources to Detect
Resources to Respond
Cyber Incident Response and Analysis
CISA's National Cybersecurity and Communications Integration Center (NCCIC) offers remote and on-site incident response capabilities, including expert intrusion analysis and mitigation guidance to customers who lack an in-house capability or require external assistance to manage a cyber-incident. The National Coordinating Center for Communications (NCC) coordinates 24/7 interagency and industry efforts to protect and restore communications during times of crisis. Please email ncciccustomerservice@hq.dhs.gov for more information.
Resources to Recover


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Architecture & the Built Environment PhD Projects, Programs & Scholarships in Nottingham
We have 7 Architecture & the Built Environment PhD Projects, Programs & Scholarships in Nottingham
All Arts (20) Biological & Medical Sciences (63) Business & Finance (2) Chemical Sciences (46) Earth Sciences (22) Education (1) Engineering (48) Humanities (22) Law (1) Maths & Computing (26) Physical Sciences (29) Social Science & Health (28)
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All Aberystwyth (1)Bath (9)Bedford (2)Bedfordshire (1)Bradford (2)Brighton (1)Bristol (2)Buckingham (1)Cambridge (9)Canterbury (1)Cardiff (3)Dundee (4)Edinburgh (8)Exeter (1)Glasgow (8)Guildford (2)Inverness (1)Leeds (2)Liverpool (1)London (10)Loughborough (4)Manchester (6)Newcastle (19)Norwich (1)Nottingham (7)Reading (20)Scotland (21)Sheffield (5)Southampton (3)Wales (4)York (3)Yorkshire (12)
All Nottingham Trent University (7)
All School of Architecture, Design and Built Environment (2) School of Arts and Humanities (3) School of Science & Technology (2)
Interrogating Urban Heritage and Visual Culture of Migrant Spaces across the United Kingdom: Manchester, Nottingham, and Birmingham as migration hubs
Nottingham Trent University School of Architecture, Design and Built Environment
This research investigates placemaking, architectural aesthetics and cultural heritage of suburbs within the Migrant diaspora in the United Kingdom. Read more
Supervisors: Dr M.F. Faleh, Dr C.A. Ashley
18 February 2022 PhD Research Project Funded PhD Project (Students Worldwide)
Learning From The Past Towards The Future: Evaluating The Design, Thermal Performance and Materials Characteristic of Heritage Buildings to Enhance Sustainable Developments
There are many lessons to be learnt from traditional heritage buildings on global level. Such lessons will help us to appreciate our global heritage and at the same time to transfer some of the knowledge in design and materials to our future buildings and urban developments. Read more
Supervisors: Prof A Al-Habaibeh, Prof B Medjdoub
Museums and Migration
Nottingham Trent University School of Arts and Humanities
This PhD is open to candidates looking to explore the global phenomenon of migration and how museums can effectively respond to it in terms of their exhibitions, collections and public programmes. Read more
Supervisor: Dr S.F. Fuggle
Industrial Heritage in Contemporary South Africa: Negotiating the Legacies of Mining and their Preservation
Industrial heritage is significantly under-represented in South Africa. This omission is surprising given the importance of South Africa's industrial heritage in its colonial and post-colonial history. Read more
Supervisors: Dr N Braber, Prof M.R. Robinson, Dr C.A. Ashley
Negotiating Relations Between Museums and Intangible Cultural Heritage in China: New Museological Approaches to Old Traditions
Within the Eurocentric context museums have long been the default repositories for material culture focusing on display, documentary, education and storage. Read more
Supervisors: Dr K.M. Massing, Prof M.R. Robinson
Salt and Heritage: prediction and remediation of salt-induced damage to cultural heritage
Nottingham Trent University School of Science & Technology
Our shared cultural heritage comes in many forms and environments, not all of which are conducive to their long-term preservation. For example, salts… Read more
Supervisors: Dr L Goehring, Prof H Liang
Airborne and long-range ground-based imaging and sensing for archaeology and architectural preservation
The application of drone-based imaging and sensing in the cultural heritage sector has been focused on two main aspects. the 3D digital documentation of historic buildings and archaeological sites, and the detection of archaeological features for the 'revealing' of palaces and cities buried under the ground. Read more
Supervisors: Dr S.K. Kogou, Prof H Liang, Dr DT Thickett


text:
Ulla-Britt Margareta Svensson, född 15 oktober 1935 i Sofia församling i Stockholm, är en svensk sångerska. Hon är tvillingsyster till Solveig Svensson.

Filmografi
1956 – Sjunde himlen

Källor

Svenska sångare under 1900-talet
Sångare från Stockholm
Tvillingar
Födda 1935
Levande personer
Kvinnor

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A TRUE SYMBOL OF LEADERSHIP, SUCCESS, EXCELLENCE, AND COMMUNITY.
The StFX X-Ring represents your unique journey from student to alumni. It's a symbol of your achievements; a symbol that forever binds you to the Xaverian community.


text:
Best Gym to Make Your Booty Bigger
TRX Training Center
For a full-body workout that will also help lift and tone your glutes, a mere 55-minute TRX class a few times a week will do the job.
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Volleyball courts in Golden Gate Park
On a sunny day, Golden Gate Park hosts a series of athletic activities we barely knew existed.
News The Snitch Sports
By Max DeNike
News The Snitch Only in SF
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Millennial Problems: Most Pokemon-Obsessed City Is NOT S.F.
News The Snitch Housing, Tech
S.F. Renters Partying Like It's 2009
News The Snitch Yesterday's Crimes
Yesterday's Crimes: Rolling Stones, Hells Angels and Busted Heads at Altamont
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S.F. Residents Beware: Razor Scooter Thug Is Roaming Streets
News The Snitch Celebrities, Law & Order, Sports
Woman Who Attended Beyoncé, Jay Z Concert at AT&T Park Sues Over Collision
News The Snitch Controversy
SF Police Union Just Won't Stop
Health Prunes: The New Medical Wonder Cure!
Posted By Joe Eskenazi @EskSF on Thu, Oct 7, 2010 at 1:15 PM
He built up too much bone mass...
In recent years, the prune industry has been none-too-subtly pushing the name "dried plums." Perhaps this hip new title will cause would-be consumers to conjure up mental images other than elderly people perched on the toilet ("Agnes! Where's da stool softenah!").
And yet, while prunes are most renowned for inducing the body to expel mass -- and fast -- a new study at U.C. San Francisco found the fruit can actually do just the opposite. A paper in the current Journal of Nutrition found that a diet heavy in prunes led mice to gain back the bone mass loss during the course of aging. That's right: Mice + prunes = scientific breakthrough!
Counterintuitively, elderly rodents fed a diet consisting of 25 percent powdered prunes didn't evacuate themselves to death but actually came out better for the experience at the end of the trial. Their frail little skeletons were stronger than before.
"What we've done is not just prevent the loss of bone with aging - we've
actually put bone back," said the study's principal investigator, Bernard Halloran, a UCSF professor. "Whatever is in dried plum may
prove to be an effective therapy for osteoporosis."
Hmmm -- what would happen if beavers ate prunes, too?
Halloran and his colleagues are hoping to next experiment on people and not mice. But they're not ready to do so yet -- which Halloran explains via perhaps the funniest statement a scientist has ever made regarding prunes: "Feeding people a diet of 25 percent dried plum powder by weight just
isn't practical, so it's essential that we isolate the active
ingredients."
Fair enough. But the Farrelly brothers would rather you just give the old people the prunes.
Follow us on Twitter at @TheSnitchSF
and @SFWeekly
Follow @sfweekly
Tags: Bernard Halloran, Dried Plums, Nutrition, osteoporosis, Prunes, U.C. San Francisco, UCSF, Image
Joe Eskenazi
@EskSF
Joe Eskenazi was born in San Francisco, raised in the Bay Area, and attended U.C. Berkeley. He never left. "Your humble narrator" was a staff writer and columnist for SF Weekly from 2007 to 2015. He resides in the Excelsior with his wife, 4.3 miles from his birthplace and 5,474 from hers.
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Jeff 'French Vanilla' Kent Won't Be Missed in San Francisco -- But He Was a Great Giant
Joe Eskenazi @ 4:25 PM On Thu, January 22
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Tree-Killer Loose in Golden Gate Park
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This Is What Happened When Bicyclists Obeyed Traffic Laws Along The Wiggle Yesterday 80
Kevin Montgomery @ 11:06 AM On Thu, July 30


text:
Caratteristiche tecniche
È un centrocampista di mediana abile sia in fase di costruzione che di interdizione.

Carriera

Club
Javi Serrano entra a far parte del settore giovanile dell'Atlético Madrid nel 2010, a soli 7 anni.

Fa il suo esordio in campionati professionistici il 7 marzo 2021, giocando da titolare nella vittoria per 1-0 dell'Atlético Madrid B contro il , nell'incontro valido per il campionato di Segunda División B. Con la prima squadra fa il suo debutto ufficiale ad Anfield il 3 novembre 2021, avvicendando Ángel Correa nell'incontro di UEFA Champions League perso 2-0 col . Debutta invece in campionato il 22 gennaio 2022 contro il  nel match vinto per 3-2, in cui subentra a Yannick Carrasco nei minuti finali. Gioca la sua prima partita da titolare il 20 aprile del 2022, nell'incontro di Liga con il .

Il 26 agosto 2022 viene ceduto in prestito al , club militante in Segunda División. Il 31 gennaio 2023 passa all', sempre con la formula del prestito.

Nazionale
Entra a far parte del giro della nazionale giovanile nel 2019, con la convocazione da parte della rappresentativa Under-16. Scende in campo 20 volte con tutte le selezioni dall'U-16 alla Under-19.

Statistiche

Presenze e reti nei club
Statistiche aggiornate al 31 gennaio 2023.

Note

Collegamenti esterni


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Also, EVERY BREATH YOU TAKE is available on Kindle for only .99 cents until September 1. THE PROMISE REMAINS & THE WATERMARK have both been recently made available as e-books and are selling for $2.99 each.


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Q: Why is Firefox's cache empty after an improper shutdown? I often rely on Firefox's cache to reopen pages I've previously visited while offline and more quickly load webpages.  However, when Firefox is improperly terminated (such as by a hard computer shutdown caused by a power failure), the cache becomes empty.  Why?  Does it become corrupt, or is there some other technical reason?  This question is platform-agnostic.
I'm not asking for speculation or opinion here, but an objective reason for this behavior.  If this is by design, I'd like to see relevant references to discussions by Firefox developers or comments in the source code.

A: If there was an improper shutdown then firefox has no way to know if it was an attack or a hijack attempt, so if the cache is flushed, any viruses dependant on the cache to complete the install after a shutdown are gone.
its a security/safety feature.

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