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Why is the tea produced in Uji in Kyoto so envied?
Shincha harvest (the first tea of the year) usually starts at the beginning of May and continues for several weeks in Kyoto. The harvest season is the busiest time of the year.
In early spring, the weather starts to warm up just a little and the sky changes from winter's heavy and dark gray to spring's light and clear blue. Each year, tea farmers look forward to the harvest.
Tea farmers fertilize their crops about three times from the end of February to the beginning of May. Tea trees are fed with Organic fertilizers at the end of February or the beginning of March. Chemical fertilizer containing nitrogen, phosphoric acid, and potassium is applied in the middle of April. And ammonium sulfate fertilizer, which is nitrogen-based and rapid-acting, is applied at the beginning of May, which is just before harvest. Use of fertilizers is based on the timing of the harvest, with careful consideration of how long it takes each fertilizer to work. Organic fertilizers work slowly and ammonium sulfate fertilizer works fast.
To prepare for the first harvest, tea trees are pruned in March. There are many varieties of Bancha, but the leaves collected in March are used to make Spring Bancha. Every year, the plants are pruned not only in March, but also in October. Tea trees pruned in spring sprout more vigorously than tea trees pruned in autumn; however, they can be harvested later. Farmers decide which trees should be pruned in autumn or spring, considering the geographic condition and breed of each tree, harvesting schedule, and so on.
Twenty to thirty days before harvest, green tea trees for Gyokuro and Matcha are covered with special curtains. These curtains, called 'Kanreisha,' are used to shade tea trees from direct sunlight. Tea grown this way has a sweet and mild flavor, because without sunlight there will be few bitter tannins. Carefully grown in the shade for twenty days before harvesting, a cup of Gyokuro or Matcha has several unique features: an elegant aroma, a sweet taste and a light green color. Shading tea sprouts from the sun creates Theanine, a natural element that gives Gyokuro and Matcha a mellow taste.
In contrast to Gyokuro and Matcha, tea leaves for Sencha are not covered. They are grown under full sunlight. Flooded with sunlight before harvest, a cup of Sencha has a deliciously bitter flavor, a refreshing aroma and a golden-green color.
Shaded from sunlight by way of 'Tana' before harvest.
Shaded from sunlight by way of 'Jikagise' before harvest.
Sencha tea farm before harvest. Not shaded.
Harvest is the busiest time of the year for farmers. The best time to gather tea leaves is when the tea tree has three to five sprouts. The tea farmer must be careful not to pick the leaves that are too large or too small. If he gathers the leaves two to three days late, the tea's quality will be compromised. If he gathers the leaves too early, the amount will be too small. Therefore, the farmer must carefully ascertain the perfect time to harvest.
Today most tea leaves are trimmed by machine and traditional hand-picked Gyokuro, Sencha, and Matcha are rarely grown and therefore very precious. The flavor and aroma of hand-picked tea is much more mellow and smooth than tea trimmed by machine.
Tea trees for hand-picked and for machine trimmed are grown in different ways, and tea sprouts of both types of trees grow differently. In the case of tea trees trimmed by machine, tea sprouts grow from the previously trimmed stubble. In contrast, in the case of tea trees picked by hand, tea sprouts shoot from the natural forks in the branches. The flavor and aroma of hand-picked tea is much mellower and smoother than tea trimmed by machine and the leaves are of higher quality.
Even a skilled tea harvester can hand pick just up to 6 to 8kg of fresh tea leaves all through the day. The picked fresh tea leaves are processed and finished, at which point the total weight of the tea leaves is only about 18% of the fresh tea leaves. Even if about 20 skilled tea harvesters pick all through the day, we can only gather around 25 kg of finished precious hand-picked tea.
From the time the sprouts appear to the time the leaves become too large to harvest is just a few days. So tea leaves must be harvested as quickly as possible in one long stretch. Therefore it is never easy to pick large amounts of tea leaves by skilled hands in just a few days.
Top grade tea, hand-picked Gyokuro, Sencha, and Matcha are grown only in quite a small amount, because there is only one small place in all of the world perfect for farming this special tea - a tiny area of land located right here in the Uji region of Japan. Therefore, hand-picked tea is very precious.
Tea leaves just before harvest.
Tea sprouts for hand picked. Tea sprouts harvested by hand appear differently than those harvested by machine.
After harvest, fresh tea leaves are processed the same day by the tea farmer. Processing steps are 1) Steaming, 2) Kneading, 3) Shaping, and 4) Drying. It usually takes about 4 hours to pass through all of the steps. Processed tea leaves are called "Aracha" and their weight is approximately one-fifth of that of fresh tea leaves. The moisture content of fresh tea leaves is 80% whereas it is only 5% in Aracha.
This processing method was created by Sohen Nagatani in 1738 and then mechanized. Modern science now confirms that the cell walls of the tea leaves are broken down by this traditional kneading process so that the beneficial nutrients naturally found in tea leaves can easily infuse into water.
It is said that the Steaming step is the most difficult and requires the most skill and expertise, even though the steaming time is just 30 to 60 seconds. If tea leaves are steamed too heavily, the aroma characteristic of Sencha or Gyokuro is destroyed. On the contrary, if tea leaves are not steamed enough, the taste will not be good. In addition, whole tea leaves must be evenly and uniformly steamed, though tea leaves contain both soft baby sprouts and large sprouts. Therefore, it is quite a difficult task. Farmers arrange the steaming temperature and time, considering the conditions of picked fresh tea leaves (thickness of tea leaves, softness, etc.).
The kneading process is divided into three steps: rough kneading, contorting, and middle kneading. Steamed tea leaves are kneaded for 1.5 hours or more. At this point, the moisture content of the tea leaves is around 25%. During this process, the moisture content should be uniformly removed from all tea leaves. If tea leaves are kneaded insufficiently or not equally, the flavor becomes cloudy and not fine. And if kneaded too much, the appearance of the tea leaves becomes whitish in color. In the case of processing competition grade tea, the tea master kneads the leaves for a shorter time than usual so that he can shape the leaves into the traditional sharp-pointed needle during the next shaping step. It requires much expertise and extremely high level technique.
During the shaping process, tea leaves are shaped for about 1 hour. The end goal of this step is to create tea leaves shaped like a needle or bar. At this point, the moisture content of the tea leaves decreases from 25% to 12%.
Shaped tea leaves are dried for about one hour. At this point, the moisture content of the tea leaves decreases to 5% or 7%.
The Aracha process is now complete. As above, Aracha is processed by the farmer, but these tea leaves are not finished. The tea leaves are usually finished later by the wholesale merchant. Aracha is either sold directly to the wholesale merchant or bid on at the Kyoto Japan Agricultural Cooperative Association.
Tea leaves which have not yet been ground into the fine powder of Matcha are known as Tencha.
Fresh tea leaves are processed just after harvest. At the most, they should be processed within 24 hours after harvest. Tencha (Matcha) processing includes 1) Steaming, 2) Cooling down, 3) Drying, and 4) Cutting / Sorting. Matcha tea leaves before ground into powder are called Tencha.
Fresh tea leaves just after harvest are steamed for 30 to 40 seconds. The steaming process stops oxidation (fermentation). Steaming temperature and steaming time should be adjusted by the condition of the tea leaves. The steaming process is one of the most important steps and determines the quality of the finished tea.
Steamed tea leaves are quickly cooled by a strong blast of air. This fast cooling process extracts the aroma and bright color of tea leaves. Blown upward by the blast of air, the tea leaves soar upward about 6m (19.68ft).
During this step, the tea leaves are dried in a fire pit. Inside of the fire pit is a three or four level structure, heated from underneath by a burner. The temperature of each layer is carefully controlled from 110 to 180C (230 to 356F). Before entering the fire pit, tea leaves are distributed evenly across a conveyor belt so that they dry consistently. There should be no overlap. Tea leaves pass through all levels of the fire pit to dry for about 20 minutes. This drying process determines the aroma and taste of Tencha (Matcha).
After emerging from the fire pit, the tea leaves are cut and sorted to determine if they are dry enough. Thicker sections of the tea leaf such as stems and veins may not be completely dry, and are dried again in the fire pit. Finally, the cut and dry tea leaves are mixed thoroughly to ensure consistent quality and flavor. At this point, before Tencha is ground into Matcha powder, the tea is known as Aracha of Tencha.
Blown upward by a blast of air, the tea leaves soar upward about 6m (19.68ft) and are quickly cooled.
Tea leaves dry in a three or four level fire pit, heated from underneath by a burner.
The temperature inside the fire pit is carefully controlled.
Before Tencha is ground into Matcha powder, the tea is known as Aracha of Tencha.
Aracha tea leaves go through two finishing processes: 1) Sorting and 2) Drying. During the sorting process, Aracha is sorted into standard tea leaves, non-standard tea leaves (larger size, old, or powdered tea leaves etc.), stems, and veins. The stems and veins sorted from high grade teas are called Karigane which is a good value and reasonable price.
During the drying process, the moisture content of the finished tea leaves becomes 3 to 4%. The moisture content of Aracha is 5 to 7%. The purpose of drying is to bring out the flavor and to enable the tea to keep in good condition long term.
Matcha tea leaves (Tencha) go through three finishing processes: 1) Sorting, 2) Drying, and 3) Grinding into fine powder. Tea leaves which have not yet been ground into the fine powder of Matcha are known as Tencha. After Tencha is ground into a powder, then it is known as Matcha. Tencha is ground with a stone mill. It takes one hour to grind 40g (1.41 oz) of top-quality Matcha with a stone mill. The result is a finely-textured powder. It is much better to grind Tencha into fine powder just before shipment to the customer in order to keep the fresh flavor and good condition. Of course, all of our Matcha is ground into fine powder just before shipment to our customers.
The first three processing steps of Houjicha tea leaves are the same as for Sencha: 1) Steaming, 2) Drying and Crumpling, and 3) Shaping. But to make Houjicha, the tea goes through one special additional step: 4) Roasting. The unique toasted nutty flavor of Houjicha is created by roasting.
Like Sencha, tea leaves for Houjicha are grown in full sunlight, so that Houjicha contains beneficial Catechin. And since Houjicha is pan-roasted, it is very low in caffeine. In Japan, Houjicha is commonly given to babies and people who are sick because it is both nourishing and low in caffeine. Besides, Houjicha is perfect for iced tea. It will cool you on a sizzling hot day.
Freshness is one of Japanese green tea's most important qualities. Unlike dry oxidized teas such as black or oolong, it does not last forever! Therefore, Japanese green tea needs to be stored carefully to preserve its essential freshness.
"Aracha" tea leaves, just after harvest and processing by farmers, are brought to the factory. "Aracha" tea leaves are finished: sorted, dried, blended, and so on. Then they are vacuum packed in 20kg (44.1lb) bags, and stored in a special cold storage chamber. Temperature in the cold storage chamber is kept at 0C (32F) to 5C (41F) throughout the year.
The finished tea leaves are repackaged into smaller size bags just before shipment to our customers around the world. The remaining tea leaves are vacuum packed and stored in the cold storage chamber again. The smaller size bags are packaged with nitrogen in order to keep the tea in good condition even during international delivery.
The harvest season is the busiest time of year not only for farmers but also for the factory. All "Aracha" tea leaves can't be finished at one time. In fact, more than half of the unfinished "Aracha" tea leaves are vacuum packed and stored in the cold storage chamber until after the busy harvest season is over.
Tea gathered in April and May is called 'Ichibancha,' meaning new tea or first tea of the year. In the Spring, the land is most fertile and that gives Ichibancha the best flavor. Japanese green tea is usually harvested between two and five times each year from Spring to Autumn. But the first pick, Ichibancha, is by far the best.
Similar to the Beaujolais Nouveau of French wine, the name Shincha celebrates the first tea harvest of the year. However, not all Ichibancha is Shincha. Only the Ichibancha which is sold specifically in celebration of the first pick of the year is called Shincha. Sencha's aroma is the best just after harvesting. Shincha Sencha is very delicious.
The summer in Kyoto is extremely hot and humid. Summer tea farm work is very severe and hard.
As soon as we finish harvesting the Shincha, we begin pruning the tea trees. There are two different ways to prune according to different needs.
The first way is in order for tea trees to stop growing and rest. In this case, tea trees are more deeply pruned. Most of the tea leaves are pruned away, so the trees almost stop their photosynthesis and stop growing. In this way, the tea trees can rest. The benefit of this way is less strain on the tea trees and the expectation of a good harvest for the next season. However, in this case, tea leaves are harvested only one time in the year, so this is a luxury.
The second way is used for preparing Nibancha, the second harvest of the year. In this case, the tea trees are pruned just a little. It is possible to process these pruned tea leaves into premium grade Houjicha, which is made from Ichibancha, the first harvest of the year. Even Houjicha made from Ichibancha, premium grade Houjicha, can be made from tea leaves only after the harvest of high grade Sencha, which has an excellent refreshing aroma. Only about five percent of Houjicha is made in this way and can therefore be considered to be premium grade Houjicha. Hibiki-an's Houjicha is premium grade and is made in this way.
The second tea harvest of the year, Nibancha, is harvested from the end of June to the end of July in Uji, Kyoto. In Uji, tea leaves can be harvested up to Nibancha, the second harvest, though teas in Shizuoka or Kagoshima can be harvested up to Sanbancha, the third harvest or Yonbancha, the fourth harvest. It depends on the climate.
Generally speaking, Nibancha harvested in June or July has a less smooth, mellow taste and subtle aroma than Ichibancha, the first tea of the year. In contrast, Ichibancha, which slowly and thoroughly absorbs the nutrients from the previous autumn and through winter until spring, tea leaves for Nibancha grow quickly just after the first harvest in May for only about a month and a half. Sanbancha, the third harvest grown in Shizuoka and Kagoshima, is much less flavorful. Like Ichibancha, there are many good quality Nibancha teas. To produce two tea crops, Ichibancha and Nibancha, the tea trees must be healthy and the tea farm must be properly managed.
June and July is rainy season in Japan, so the weather is extremely hot and humid, therefore the Nibancha harvest is not only difficult for tea trees but also for farmers. However, Nibancha is an important source of income for farmers.
And insects, who like eating tea leaves, swing into action in June. In rainy season the sun is blazing hot and the air is damp with humidity and the conditions along with the plentiful fertilizer fed to the tea plants creates favorable conditions not only for the tea plants, but for weeds as well. Farmers must struggle with weeds. Farmers must take defensive action to protect their tea trees, in order for the Nibancha tea leaves to survive the attack by insects in summer.
In Japan, the rainy season called TSUYU is in June and July. Harmful insects start buzzing around the tea farm, late in the rainy season. This is also a critical time for tea farmers to take care to prevent tea tree diseases.
Autumn is the season when the most amount of fertilizer is fed to the tea trees. If tea trees are not healthy in autumn due to damage by harmful insects or disease, the tea trees can't absorb enough of the nutrition of fertilizer, and unhealthy tea trees will not produce a good crop next spring. Therefore, farmers must struggle with harmful insects and disease in July and August in order to keep tea trees healthy. The work under the hot sun in mid-summer is extremely hard labor, but necessary to keep the tea trees in good health.
It is said that there are a hundred or more kinds of harmful insects. They are divided into roughly three categories: MAKI MUSHI (rolling insect), UNKA (mosquito), and HADANI (mite).
It is said that tea tree diseases are caused by bacteria or viruses that attack trees and plants. TANSO and MOCHI are common diseases that we must avoid. As you can see in the images below, the diseases look quite bad, which is why we at Hibiki-an take great care to prevent them. Of course, these tree diseases are not harmful to humans.
Tea farmers frequently check their crops to see if any problem is developing, and if so, they must immediately take appropriate action. To prevent and exterminate harmful insects and diseases, farmers sometimes use mild chemicals. Needless to say, because the concentration standard of residual agricultural chemicals in Japan is the toughest in the world, chemicals are strictly controlled and used cautiously and sparingly.
Much more strict management for preventing harmful insects and diseases is required for hand-picked tea which is the highest grade. As you know, tea trees for hand-picked tea and for machine-trimmed tea are grown in different ways, and tea sprouts of both types of trees grow differently. (For more information, click here.) If tea leaves of tea trees for hand-picked tea are damaged once, new sprouts will immediately appear from the root of the damaged tea leaves, and the sprouts will be a branch. Under ideal conditions, tea trees for hand-picked tea should grow straight upward without any branches. Therefore, farmers must check the tea leaves for hand-picked tea almost every day.
Above is one of the reasons why hand-picked tea requires enormous efforts by the farmer to create the excellent flavor.
MAKI MUSHI (rolling insect) rolls tea leaves roundly and is resident in it..
Lime green color tea leaves, in the center of the picture, are damaged by UNKA (mosquito).
MIKAN TOGE KONAJIRAMI on the underside of tea leaves.
Brown color parts are damaged by TANSO disease.
Tea leaves damaged by MOCHI disease.
After rain, it is not unusual to see frogs at the tea farm. The frog eats many insects and is therefore very beneficial to the tea farm ecosystem.
Tea tree for hand-picked tea. It is sprouting a new branch from a damaged area.
Tea trees for hand-picked tea under ideal conditions. They grow straight upward without any branches.
Second harvests start around the beginning of July. Farmers at non-organic tea farms feed chemical fertilizers just before the second harvest in order to expedite the second sprouts to grow quickly and lighten the tea trees' burden. However Organic tea trees cannot be fed chemical fertilizers. So, the second sprouts grow much slower than non-organic.
We, Hibiki-an, don't harvest a second Organic crop at all, so all the Organic tea you enjoy is from the first harvest, which is the best anyway. We do this in order to lighten the Organic tea trees' burden without using chemical fertilizers. It naturally brings out an excellent taste and aroma for next year's harvest.
Rampant weeds grow close together at Organic tea farms in the summer season. Farmers must pull up the weeds day after day. It is the hardest work at an Organic tea farm. There is a special saying here in Japan that refers to this situation: "Daichi tono Kakuto" which means that farmers must struggle with mother earth. But through this struggle we are able to bring you some of the finest Organic green tea available in the world!
Most weeding work is done not by machine but by the hands of farmers. The tea farm under the scorching sun is like a sauna bath. It is a struggle with mother earth, but a struggle with wonderful rewards.
Autumn will come soon. Farmers work many long hours in the tea farm in late summer and autumn.
Autumn is a critical season for tea farmers. Tea trees grow best in autumn and thus farmers work diligently to enrich the soil in late summer and early autumn. This work promotes new root growth production in tea plants. The work includes enriching the soil by adjusting soil pH to the proper acid levels, soil aeration by deep mechanical tillage, and application of autumn tea plant nutrients.
The soil in Japan is naturally acidic and fertilizing makes it more so. Tea bushes are acid soil absorbing plants. It is necessary to adjust the soil acidity to the appropriate pH. To adjust acidity, farmers distribute lime between tea trees, then disk or cultivate the lime deep into the soil.
Deep tillage not only works the lime into the substrate soils, but also aerates the soil to promote a fresh environment for a new stronger root system to develop. The aeration also allows air, water, and nutrients to reach the new root system. A tillage machine cultivates the soil about 12 inches (30 cm) deep. Once the soil is treated and aerated the tea tree roots grow rapidly and produce small hair like roots. The care and nurturing of the tea plantation is vital during the autumn season because it ensures the well being of the tree and the future of tea production and ultimately the quality of the tea produced for your green tea enjoyment.
Roots of tea trees grow best in autumn, so it is very important for farmers to fertilize during the autumn season. Generally they use eight to fifteen varieties of fertilizer about ten times per year. Most farmers fertilize mainly (30 to 40 percent of the annual amount) in the autumn so that the fertilizer can slowly enrich the soil over a period of six months.
Ichibancha, the first harvest of tea, is higher in quality than Nibancha, the second harvest and Sanbancha, the third harvest because Ichibancha fully absorbs the nourishment of the fertilizer which was applied the previous autumn.
The fertilizer is comprised mainly of rapeseed, cotton husks, fish, calcium minerals, and other natural nutrients and elements which make the soil healthy.
All fertilizer for Organic tea farms must be certified by an Organic certification organization. Of course, chemical fertilizers or genetically modified fertilizers are not certified. Even the constituents and the production processes are closely examined to receive Organic certification from the Organic certification organization. It is not easy work for Organic tea farmers just to purchase certified fertilizer.
The geographic region best for high grade Sencha production is a mountain ravine. So it is not easy work even just to carry fertilizer on the sloping ground.
Tea trees for Gyokuro and Matcha are fertilized three times as much as other kinds of tea, such as Sencha, in order to create the characteristic deep sweet taste. Please see the pictures below from a Gyokuro tea farm where the tea trees are fed about three times the usual amount of fertilizer as well as another tea farm.
To prepare for next year's harvest, tea trees are pruned in October to November. There are many varieties of Bancha, but the leaves collected in October are used to make Autumn Bancha. Tea leaves for Bancha (Houjicha) are fully flooded with sunlight, so that Autumn Bancha contains much Catechin that is created by trees flooded with sunlight.
Farmers prune in order to prevent sprouts from being mixed in with old leaves during the harvest. If pruned too early, tea trees will push out new shoots and they deteriorate and cause injury to the tea tree during the cold winter months. And if pruned too late, tea trees push out new sprouts late in the next spring. Therefore farmers carefully schedule the time for tea tree pruning.
The right side of the picture are tea trees that just have been pruned, and the left side is tea trees that are about to be pruned.
The flowers of Japanese green tea bloom in the latter part of autumn. The flower color is white and yellow, and has a beautiful simplicity. It is said that when the flowers of Japanese green tea bloom well in the autumn, the next winter comes with a lot of snow.
In contrast to Sencha, which is enjoyed for its refreshing aroma immediately after harvest, Gyokuro also gains an enriched flavor over time, and so is best some months after harvest. A long time ago, people celebrated aged Gyokuro as the "Shincha of Gyokuro" in autumn. It was called "Kuradashi Gyokuro" which means Gyokuro taken out from the granary.
Present storage techniques enable tea farmers to keep tea leaves fresh for one full year. However today's Gyokuro lovers also tend to look for Kuradashi Gyokuro enriched by time.
To keep the tea trees warm in winter, farmers cover the ground around the tea trees with dried grass, fallen leaves, straw, and so on. They help to keep temperature and humidity in the soil around the tea tree roots. They also help to keep moisture in soil, and become good fertilizer over time. Young tea trees around 0 to 5 years old are especially cared for elaborately because they should be protected well from cold and dry weather. These efforts, which are not easy, prevent tea trees from freeze and frost injury and other diseases in the winter season.
During the long, cold winter months, tea trees are dormant as though they are hibernating. In that time, tea trees store nutrition in order to sprout vigorously in the spring. Both tea farmers and tea trees look forward to the coming of spring.
We do have some snowy winter days in the Uji region, although snow does not usually accumulate. Even if snow accumulates, it is generally less than 10cm (4 inches) in depth. The tea trees rest patiently waiting for the spring during these snowy days too.
In the extremely rare case that snow accumulates over 20cm (8 inches) in depth, tea trees for hand-picked tea could be damaged under the weight of the snow. In this case, the farmer must carefully brush the snow from each tea tree. Tea trees trimmed by machine are not damaged by the weight of accumulated snow because of the branch formation.
During the cold winter months, the roots and leaves of the tea trees hardly grow at all. Tea trees save up nutritional elements from the fertilizer which they received last autumn, so they wait and make ready to grow vigorously in the spring.
In order to survive winter safely, farmers have to take special care of young trees under four years old. For example, if the ground temperature at the tea farm becomes very cold, farmers put dry straw or other protection from cold around the base of the young trees. However, the main work for farmers in the winter season is the preparation of Organic fertilizer or readying the ground for a new tea farm, and taking care of other projects to help the farm run more efficiently. Farmers can complete these necessary tasks only during the winter season.
Below are the features of the main breeds of Japanese green tea along with each corresponding tea sold at our tea shop.
This breed has a noble taste and aroma that is suitable for Gyokuro. It has a characteristically sweet taste. The color of the tea which these leaves brew is a noble shade of green. Gokoh is slow to ripen. It is grown only in small amounts mainly in the Uji region in Kyoto.
This breed has a noble taste and aroma suitable for both Gyokuro and Matcha. It has a characteristically sweet taste. The color of the tea which these leaves brew is a noble shade of green. The green color is a little more yellow than Gokoh's color. Samidori is slow to ripen. It is grown only in small amounts mainly in the Uji region in Kyoto.
This breed has a natural subtle flavor and elegant aroma suitable for Matcha. Asahi breed tea is frequently awarded first place in the Matcha category of the National Tea Competition. Asahi is early to ripen. It is grown only in small quantities mainly in the Uji region of Kyoto.
This breed has a rich taste and refreshing aroma. It is an excellent breed, because it is hardy and highly productive. In Japan, Yabukita is grown on 80% of tea farms.
Saemidori is a crossbreed of Yabukita and Asatsuyu, so the aroma is superior to Asatsuyu. It is a new breed that is expected to be grown on many farms across Japan in the future. It is also known to be an early-ripening breed. The plant can only be harvested for a short amount of time and only produces a small amount of tea. Because of this, farmers can only grow a small amount of this precious tea.
Sayamakaori is a sturdy and vigorous tea tree that produces green tea with a strong taste and aroma. It is an excellent breed, because it is so healthy and hardy, and also it is highly productive.
This breed has a taste and aroma similar to Yabukita. The water color of this breed is near noble green like Gyokuro of Gokoh breed.
Okumidori ripens slowly, so farmers grow this breed together with Yabukita to delay the suitable harvest timing. In this way, tea may be harvested throughout the entire tea-harvesting season.
The tea produced in Uji in Kyoto has a much deeper taste and aroma and a more noble color than the tea produced in any other region of Japan. Among tea farmers and leaders in the tea industry, Uji in the Kyoto region is envied as an exceptional presence. What is the reason for this?
When the Buddhist monk, Eisai popularized the idea of tea drinking around A.C.1191, farmers began growing tea leaves in Uji in Kyoto. Sohen Nagatani also developed the Japanese tea processing method that is standard today in Ujitawara in the Uji region around A.C. 1738. Everyone agrees that this process makes the best-tasting tea.
The Uji region in Kyoto, especially Ujitawara, is surrounded by lush green rolling hills. The misty climate, sloping hills, warm days and cool nights provide an ideal setting for plants to thrive. These geographical features and the nutrient-rich soil in Uji produce a very high grade of Japanese green tea.
Kyoto was the capital of Japan for over one-thousand years, so the tea ceremony, the tea ware industry, and Japanese tea culture developed centrally in Kyoto. Shizuoka or Tokyo has historically tended to brew tea in haste. In contrast, people in Kyoto have tended to enjoy not only the finished product, but the slow and graceful process of brewing a perfect cup of tea. People in Kyoto also take time to appreciate the tea ware and the presentation of the tea - the beautiful green color and the wonderful fresh smell of a great cup of tea.
For many years, Uji has been the only region in Japan where all kinds of high grade tea including Matcha, Gyokuro, and Sencha have been produced. Throughout history, farmers in this region have grown high grade tea with loving care, so the methods, soil quality, and breeds of tea have been perfected over time. In the last few years, the Japanese tea industry has improved processing, preserving, and marketing techniques, which have helped to preserve the essential flavor and freshness of Japanese green tea from the farm to the customer so that people around the world can enjoy a fresh cup of high grade Matcha, Gyokuro, or Sencha.
The birth house of Sohen Nagarani.
The Concentration Standard of Residual Agricultural Chemicals in the European Union (EU) may be the strictest in the world. It is said that thanks to the enormous efforts of the Kyoto Green Tea Cooperative Society and the whole tea industry in Kyoto, where Uji (and Hibiki-an) is located, almost all of the tea leaves produced in Kyoto have met the EU Concentration Standard of Residual Agricultural Chemicals since 2003.
Japan has one of the most strict safety standards for agricultural chemicals anywhere in the world. In addition, the quality of agricultural chemicals made in Japan is very high. In 2006, the standards became even more stringent, when the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries of Japan established the Positive System of Agricultural Chemicals. The Positive System of Agricultural Chemicals limits the kinds, quantity, and timing of when farmers can use agricultural chemicals, and compels farmers to meticulously record when, what kind, and how much they use. As a result, Japan's crops have one of the lowest levels of residual agricultural chemicals anywhere in the world.
Of course, all of the green teas sold and produced here at Hibiki-an meet or exceed these strict standards.
Incidence of harmful insects and diseases relates closely with temperature and humidity. Harmful insects and diseases appear actively from July to September. Therefore, pesticides are applied usually one or two times in March and April just before harvest, and four to six times in July to September.
Pesticide effectively gets rid of insects at the tea farm at the time of application. However, insects which come from outside the farm a few days later will survive. Constituents in the chemical are degraded by sunlight, temperature, air, water, and so on, and the chemical is completely safe after a few days.
Indeed, highly toxic and residual agricultural chemicals were extensively used from around 1950 to 1970 in the world because of the societal demand for increased food production. However, after that time, agricultural chemicals were developed with a special focus on being low and non-toxic. Today, agricultural chemicals have been developed to be safer with less burden on the environment, and a more effective outcome. These agricultural chemicals target certain harmful insects and ensure the safety of humans and the environment at the same time.
The Positive System of Agricultural Chemicals limits the kind, quantity, and timing of when farmers can use agricultural chemicals, and compels farmers to meticulously record when, what kind, and how much they use.
As a result of the efforts above, it is said that Japanese tea is ensured the following safety level: "Even if Japanese tea is drank every day in a human's entire life, it causes no harm at all." In other words, Japanese tea is 100% safe to drink every day. All of the criterion values of the Concentration Standard of Residual Agricultural Chemicals in Japan are designed based on this level of safety.


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Filmografia parziale

Serie TV
 Casualty (2008)
 Being Human (2009)
 Merlin (2009)
 Doctors (2010)
 Doctor Who (2010)
 Padre Brown (2013 - in produzione)
 Penny Dreadful (2014-2015)

Teatro
Harry Potter e la maledizione dell'erede (2016)

Collegamenti esterni

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


As reported by Motorsport.com, longtime Japanese sportscar entrant Kazumichi Goh, who won Le Mans with Audi in 2004, is reviving his team for a domestic campaign in 2019 with the new McLaren 720S GT3 car.
It will be the first racing programme for Goh since he entered a Porsche RS Spyder LMP2 car at the 2009 Le Mans 24 Hours and renews the team's relationship with McLaren, which yielded the 1996 All-Japan GT Championship title with the F1 GTR.
Team Goh Motorsports will also field a solo 720S in the Super Taikyu Series as well as in Super GT, both run under the McLaren Customer Racing Japan banner.
It will also enter both cars in the Japanese round of the Intercontinental GT Challenge, the Suzuka 10 Hours, in August.
Goh told Motorsport.com: "I've been away from racing for too long; it's like an addiction so I had to come back.
"I've been looking for the right time to return, and with GT3 offering a very stable platform and McLaren Automotive doing their own car in-house, it made sense to do it now."
McLaren Automotive motorsport boss Dan Walmsley said that he was "extremely proud" that Goh would be running 720S GT3s in the two Japanese series this season.
He added that he believes that the team "has what it takes to challenge for race wins and push for the titles in both championships".
Goh stressed that he was back in motorsport for the long haul and revealed that his intention is to contest the full IGTC in 2020.
The team's plan at the moment is to run two cars at each of the Laguna Seca, Spa and Suzuka rounds next year, and one car at Bathurst and Kyalami.
Longtime Goh driver Seiji Ara, who won Le Mans in 2004 in an Audi R8 LMP1 car shared with Tom Kristensen and Rinaldo Capello, will drive the GT300 class entry in Super GT together with Alex Palou, who has been racing in Formula 3 in Japan and Europe over the past two seasons.
Palou will drive the Super Taikyu car along with Sena Sakaguchi, another F3 graduate, and racing journalist Takayuki Kinoshita, while the Spaniard will also take part in Super Formula with the Honda-affiliated Nakajima Racing team.
Goh has yet to announce its drivers for the Suzuka 10 Hours, but he said that he expected to have some stars of the IMSA WeatherTech SportsCar Championship in one of his cars.
The two Goh 720S GT3s will run in the same pink-and-graphite livery in which the team's pair of short-tail F1 GTRs competed in Japan in 1996, and in which it fielded a solo long-tail McLaren at Le Mans in conjunction with the British Parabolica team.
A new operation to run the McLarens is being set up alongside the Servus organisation, which was established by ex-Team Goh staff in the wake of Le Mans 2004 and in which their former employer has a shareholding.
Servus has acted as a behind-the-scenes contractor for other teams in Super GT and Super Formula, including Team Mugen.


In Mood Disorder Horvitz has made a self portrait on a beach in the early morning in New York City. The photograph is based on his studies of stock photographs that depict depression and sadness. Horvitz has acted out these cliches and gesticulations that represent depression: his face is in his hands, he is dressed in black, behind him waves are crashing. Horvitz has then placed this image on the English Wikipedia page for the article about Mood Disorder. Since Wikipedia is a website of copyright free content, the image can circulate openly and legally without restrictions. News pages, blogs, journals, and various other kinds of sites have started to use the image as a free stock photograph to illustrate their articles. Using reverse image searches the artist has tracked the articles that have been using his image. The piece is essential a digital image traveling outside of the artist's control. This piece continues to grow larger over time.


We are two guys who have a passion for tactical gear and shooting supplies. We specialize in the best items from the best brands in the industry and work hard every day to provide you with no-nonsense, no-BS, hard-use, hard-core tactical gear -- for any and all situations.
Whether you're a recreational shooter or a high-speed, low-drag operator, we aim to provide you with quality products while always treating you the way we would want to be treated. Just the way our mamas taught us.


Principal IT | To test or ... to test?
I recently came across the .NET Mock Objects project. This framework supplies mock implementations of the ADO.NET generic interfaces like IDataReader, IDbConnection, etc. (currently .NET 1.1 only). At first I liked this approach. It enabled me to test my data access layer without the actual database that I was using.
When mocking out the database, you have unit tests with all PC-COF characteristics. They are lean, mean, fast running unit tests that can be run with each compilation of your code.
As I already mentioned, at first I was really into this concept. But then I came down to earth and asked myself the following question: Is it really useful to test a data access layer without it's underlying infrastructure?
Actually, no! What's the other alternative? Well, the alternative is creating integration tests that incorporates the database as well. I'm convinced that this is the more appropriate way to test a data access layer.
I recently discovered a bug in the DB2DataReader class. I could never have discovered this bug without developing integration tests for my data access layer. If I used a mocked version of my data access helper classes (something similar like the Data Access Application Block of the Enterprise Library) then this issue will not surface and my tests will run fine.
The downside of integration tests is that you are not going to run them on every compilation of your code, but only a couple of times a day. This because they take a lot of time to run compared to regular unit tests. They also require configuration before anyone can run them.
Jeremy D. Miller (The Shade Tree Developer) has a really interesting article regarding this matter.
I have come to conclusion that writing tests for your data access classes is a must, but that it is useless until you incorporate the database itself. This code has no reason of existence without a database. Instead of using .NET Mock Objects, I am investigating what XtUnit can do for me.
As a final note I would kindly ask the reader of my blog to share his experience regarding this matter.


The caption contest will be judged based on 1) A clear message conveyed by the caption on the chosen theme and 2) creativity, originality and artistic quality. You may submit your entry starting on Monday October 10 2016. Deadline is October 28 2016 at 5pm pst. Must be a current USD Student, Faculty, and Staff. ID's will be checked.
The committee will designate and publicly announce the winners via our Instagram and Facebook page.
The graphic contest will be judged based on 1) A clear message conveyed by the graphic on the chosen theme and 2) creativity, originality and artistic quality.
No purchase necessary to enter or win. Contestants may enter by 12:00 p.m. on Monday, Oct. 10, 2016. Entries which are not received by the above deadline and entries which The University of San Diego ITS deems in its sole discretion to be inappropriate, offensive, or otherwise unusable will not be considered. University of San Diego ITS is under no obligation to use any Entry or return Entries to participants.
This contest is open only to current Students, Faculty, and Staff over the age of 18 Must have a valid USD ID to enter. USD contractors, USD ITS employees, affiliates and subsidiaries and their families are not eligible. Void where prohibited by law.
By submitting the caption or graphic, the participant(s) represent and warrant that they have permission or license to use the content contained in their caption, that they have authority to convey that license or permission to USD ITS and that they have not violated any law or University policy in producing the caption.
All Entries become the property of University of San Diego. University of San Diego reserves the right to use any and all information related to the contest, including Entries provided by the contestants, for editorial, marketing, and any other purpose, unless prohibited by law. Participants represent and warrant that they have full legal right, power and authority to grant The University of San Diego the foregoing rights and if applicable, have secured all necessary rights from any participants in, and contributors to, their Entry in order to grant such rights.
By accepting a prize, a winner agrees to allow the University of San Diego and the ITS department and any other designees' to use his/her name and/or likeness for advertising and publicity purposes in any and all media now or hereafter known without compensation and, upon request, will provide consent to such use in writing.
Do not include identifying information (e.g., student's full name, birthdates, social security numbers, or age) in the caption.
Winners will be required to execute and return via email or in person a General Release form within 14 days of notification. Non-compliance with this requirement may result in disqualification and selection of an alternate winner.


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Femoral Intertrochanteric Fracture With Spontaneous Lumbar Hernia: A Case Report
Peng Luo
Xing-Wen HE
Qing-Yun Chen
Hao Hong
Lei Yang
Introduction: The diagnosis of lumbar hernia can be easily missed, as it is a rare case to which most orthopedists are not exposed in their common clinical practice. Approximately 300 cases have been reported in the literature since it was first described by Barbette in 1672. Case Presentation: A 76-year-old woman who had been diagnosed with a femoral intertrochanteric fracture was sent to our department. Physical examination revealed a smooth, soft, and movable mass, with no tenderness, palpable on her left flank, which had gradually increased during the last seven years and presented with a slight feeling of swelling. We initially misdiagnosed the case as a left lipoma combined with the femoral intertrochanteric fracture. However, after six hours, the patient presented with a sudden onset of nausea, vomiting, and abdominal distension. Afterward, computed tomography (CT) examination confirmed that the mass was a spontaneous lumbar hernia. Conclusions: A lumbar hernia may, on rare occasions, become incarcerated or strangulated, with the consequent complication of mechanical bowel obstruction. We suggest that a patient with a flank mass should always raise suspicions of a lumbar hernia.
Intertrochanteric fractures
Lumbar
Luo, P., HE, X., Chen, Q., Hong, H., Yang, L. (2016). Femoral Intertrochanteric Fracture With Spontaneous Lumbar Hernia: A Case Report. Trauma Monthly, 21(5), -. doi: 10.5812/traumamon.25132
Peng Luo; Xing-Wen HE; Qing-Yun Chen; Hao Hong; Lei Yang. "Femoral Intertrochanteric Fracture With Spontaneous Lumbar Hernia: A Case Report". Trauma Monthly, 21, 5, 2016, -. doi: 10.5812/traumamon.25132
Luo, P., HE, X., Chen, Q., Hong, H., Yang, L. (2016). 'Femoral Intertrochanteric Fracture With Spontaneous Lumbar Hernia: A Case Report', Trauma Monthly, 21(5), pp. -. doi: 10.5812/traumamon.25132
Luo, P., HE, X., Chen, Q., Hong, H., Yang, L. Femoral Intertrochanteric Fracture With Spontaneous Lumbar Hernia: A Case Report. Trauma Monthly, 2016; 21(5): -. doi: 10.5812/traumamon.25132

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(-) Quiz
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See How Much You Know About the Immediate Postwar Period
Test your knowledge of the immediate postwar period, including the Marshall Plan and the creation of the United Nations.
Quiz by CFR Staff
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See How Much You Know About Treaties and Peace Agreements
Test your knowledge of major treaties and peace agreements, including the Peace of Westphalia and the Treaty of Versailles.
See How Much You Know About the Vietnam War
Test your knowledge of the Vietnam War, from France's colonial occupation to the U.S. withdrawal.
Wars and Conflict
See How Much You Know About the Cold War
Test your knowledge of the Cold War, from the Iron Curtain to the Cuban missile crisis.
See How Much You Know About Global Trade
Test your knowledge of global trade, including the World Trade Organization and leading importers and exporters.
Nonproliferation, Arms Control, and Disarmament
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Test your knowledge of WMDs, from nuclear technologies to nuclear-armed states.
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Test your knowledge of Iraq, including its oil wealth and the 2003 U.S. invasion.
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Test your knowledge of Pakistan, from its independence to its nuclear program.
See How Much You Know About International Organizations, Part 2
Test your knowledge of international organizations and treaties, including the European Union and the World Trade Organization.
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Test your knowledge of international organizations and treaties, including long-standing defense alliances and the United Nations.
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National Intelligence Fellow


wow, this is a very interesting reading!
Interesting read, indeed! There is something about the details, here. I said to myself, there is actually someone who slipped through the cracks and somehow avoided the trapdoor spider. It is so exciting the read the truth about udev and other poor quality code standards in Linux. All this wholeheartedly slavish Linux worshipping went into the direction of accepted poor industry standards. The industry and the blind worshippers allows Linux to lead with support when there was already better unix types like Plan 9, OpenSolaris, and BSDs.
Why throw away 40 years of proven reliable accomplishments just to reinvent the wheel with a broken implementation? For bragging rights? To attract hordes of worshippers who are clueless and precarious about the truth in regards to quality coding, standards, and implementation?
That's like killing the most advanced culture ever known to man just to replace them with the experts in plagiarism setting back man's advancement for thousands of years!
How counterintuitive can man be?
When he is desperate for power and control, …without limits.
Nowadays, worshipping and stardom appears to have more higher priority over the truth.
That's not dissimilar to allowing Microsoft and Intel take the lead in industry standards. Hostile takerovers, and strongarming legislators aside, these 2 corporations are the biggest setbacks to progress in the computer world.
What else is crazy? The founder of Linux, codes Linux on a Mac (Darwin BSD type) computer.
I like the direction of OpenBSD and Arcan.


Are you a proactive and experienced User Interface Designer who likes to be part of shaping the way we design? This might be the opportunity for you to add value and help us raise the bar.
Yes, as a UI Designer, you are a key part of the 24i design studio. You are responsible for the visual output of our projects. From concept to production. You'll work closely with our designers, project managers and developers to make it happen.
But there is more, we offer the opportunity to take initiatives and bring our design to a higher level. An invite to be creative and support us in creating work that beats the standard, and inspires people. Simply said, an invite to design la crème de la crème.
You'll be surrounded by talents from all over the world that, like yourself, all live and breathe technology and are top league within the industry.
At 24i, we are leader in making video apps. We design and build apps for major brands on different platforms: Smart TVs (Samsung, LG, Philips, Sony, etc.), game consoles (Xbox, PlayStation), set-top boxes, smartphones and tablets.
We are currently expanding our team with people who are passionate about technology, curious about TV, eager to learn and who would like to work in a young, informal team which has a lot of fun while trying to conquer the world. If that sounds like you, we'd love to hear from you!
Interested? Questions? Want to show us what you can do? Send us an email at hrm@24i.com or give us a call at +31208202025. We only accept candidates with CV, cover letter and portfolio.


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"The Youth Perspective"
A Youth Blog supported by
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Young people: Wildlife protection is our job
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"He remains one of Trinidad and Tobago's best kept secrets"
December 8, 2012 2070 views	Caribbean & Americas, George Padmore, Pan Africa, Trinidad & Tobago
George Padmore, the silent hero of Ghana and of African independence, is a native of Trinidad and Tobago, but as Fatima Siwaju, a Commonwealth Correspondent from Trinidad and Tobago writes, few in his birthplace know of his lifelong fight against colonialism.
Mention the name "George Padmore" to the average Trinidadian or Tobagonian and the most common reaction would be a creasing of the forehead, a furrowing of the brows and the inevitable question: "Who?"
This revolutionary thinker and political activist is more widely known in Ghana and the United Kingdom than in his native land. His name does not feature on any street signs, statues or commemorative plaques.
There is little mention of him in the textbooks on the national curriculum. The George Padmore Institute is not located in Port of Spain, as one would imagine, but in London.
He remains, essentially, one of Trinidad and Tobago's best kept secrets. So who was George Padmore? He has been aptly described as the silent hero of Ghana and of African independence. Yet few Trinidadians or Tobagonians have even heard of him.
As a nation celebrating its fiftieth anniversary of independence, the legacy of this extraordinary son of the soil must be unearthed. His life's work, his values and the principles he advocated should be a source of great pride and critical reflection at this crucial juncture in Trinidad and Tobago's history.
Padmore was born Malcolm Ivan Meredith Nurse in 1903 to a Black middle class family in Arouca. His father, James Hubert Alfonso Nurse, was a well-read schoolmaster, entomologist and agricultural instructor.
Raised in an intellectually stimulating environment, Padmore was the childhood friend of C.L.R. James, a prominent Trinidadian historian and intellectual. After graduating from St. Mary's College he worked for the Trinidad Guardian as a shipping reporter.
Padmore became a student activist a Fisk University in the United States, where he'd gone in 1924 to study Medicine. While at Fisk he met Nnamdi Azikiwe, who was later to become the first President of Nigeria. Together they established the African Student Organization. Padmore soon rose to prominence as a brilliant speaker and fervent student activist.
Padmore later went on to study Law at Howard University, where he joined the Communist Party. He assumed the name "George Padmore" for party business, and adopted the Communist mandate wholeheartedly. Like many of his African counterparts at the time, Padmore regarded Communism as a powerful tool in the fight against imperialism and colonialism worldwide.
After university Padmore migrated to Moscow, where he became head of the Negro Bureau of the Communist International (Comintern) and Secretary of the International Trade Union Committee of Negro Workers. He also edited The Negro Worker newspaper, read by thousands in North America, Europe and the Caribbean.
Yet Padmore's privileged position within the Communist hierarchy would be short-lived. In 1934 the Soviets aligned with Great Britain and France in opposition to Germany and Padmore was instructed to stop agitating against the colonial powers. A principled anti-imperialist, he refused and was subsequently expelled from the Comintern and the Communist Party.
Padmore spent the next twenty years of his life in London, writing vociferously and agitating for the cause of African liberation. Among his notable works are How Britain Rules Africa (1936), Africa: Britain's Third Empire (1946) and Pan African or Communism? (1956). He played a pivotal role in establishing the Pan African Federation (PAF) in 1944, and in organising the historic Fifth Pan African Congress the following year.
Amongst his associates in London were C.L.R. James, Eric Williams, Jawaharlal Nehru, Jomo Kenyatta and Julius Nyerere. Kenyatta and Nyerere later became the first presidents of Kenya and Tanzania respectively. Padmore also had a close relationship with Kwame Nkrumah, a student from the Gold Coast (modern-day Ghana). It was under the auspices of Padmore's organisation that Nkrumah launched the political campaign which culminated in Ghana's independence in 1957.
Soon after independence, Padmore was appointed Nkrumah's chief adviser on African affairs. In 1958, he organised a meeting in Accra of the Heads of independent African states, and accompanied Nkrumah on several tours of the Continent.
Padmore's political glory was cut short by the sudden decline in his health. He died in London in September 1959 of a liver ailment. His ashes were flown to Ghana at Nkrumah's request and interred at Christianborg Castle.
"When I first met George Padmore in London, we both realised from the very beginning that we thought along the same lines and talked the same language," said President Nkrumah in an emotional eulogy. "Our friendship developed into that indescribable relationship that exists between brothers."
"The nation, like the individual, is the culmination of a long past of endeavours, sacrifice, and devotion," says Ernest Renan in his seminal essay, "What is a nation".
"A heroic past, great men, this is the social capital upon which one bases a national idea."
George Padmore must therefore assume his rightful place in the pantheon of national heroes.
Photo: Kenroy Ambris/Commonwealth Secretariat
I am an International Relations Officer at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Republic of Trinidad and Tobago. I have a Masters in Development Studies from the University of Cambridge. I am passionate about politics and international affairs, sustainable development and education.
I believe that the media is a powerful tool through which we can share ideas, thoughts and opinions, transcending cultural, social and most importantly, geographical boundaries. Knowledge is power.
You can follow me @fatima_siwaju
Opinions expressed in this article are those of the author and do not necessarily represent the views of the Commonwealth Youth Programme. Articles are published in a spirit of dialogue, respect and understanding. If you disagree, why not submit a response?
To learn more about becoming a Commonwealth Correspondent please visit: http://www.yourcommonwealth.org/submit-articles/commonwealthcorrespondents/
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Get acquainted with Horse Country and learn what makes Lexington the Horse Capital of the World.
Kentucky is known around the world for its roots in Thoroughbred horse racing and horses. Around thirty percent of the Thoroughbreds foaled in the country come from Kentucky, and there are more than 400 horse farms in Kentucky, with the largest concentration found in the Bluegrass Region around Lexington, Paris, Midway, Paris and Georgetown. Discover Horse Country with this custom guide and acquaint yourself with Lexington's equestrian roots.
Start your morning with a trackside breakfast at Keeneland Race Course and watch Thoroughbred racehorses during their morning workouts. It's a truly unique experience to see these athletes in their element in the quiet morning dew, and coupled with delicious food from the Keeneland Track kitchen makes for a great way to kick off your morning. If you prefer to walk around Keeneland during the morning workouts, you can take a year-round walking tour and discover the historical foundations and beautiful architecture of arguably one of the most beautiful race courses in the world. Get an insider's look at racing and sales operations and stroll through the Paddock and the Grandstand as experienced tour guides guide you through all the features of Keeneland. Plan your trip to Lexington around a fall or spring race meet and see the Thoroughbreds in action during the thrills of live racing. There's simply nothing like watching a race trackside with a Kentucky bourbon in hand.
Schedule a Horse Farm Tour and see famous Thoroughbred racehorses in their homes, which in some cases are pretty luxurious! Nearly 150 horse farms are in the Lexington/Fayette County area alone, and many allow visitors by appointment or arrangement with professional tour companies. And if you're feeling luxurious, you can hire a private guide for a custom Horse Country experience.
Have lunch at Windy Corner Market, a restaurant led by renowned chef Ouita Michel that is surrounded by rolling Bluegrass hills and grazing Thoroughbreds. Besides its fabulous views, this beloved restaurant is known for it's delicious po' boys and fried baskets of catfish, oysters and more. Wine and beer, including made-in-Kentucky offerings, are also on the menu.
Take a drive out Paris Pike to the Thoroughbred Center, a working training facility for Thoroughbreds that allows visitors to go behind the scenes and learn about the horses and the people who train and care for them. The Thoroughbred Center also includes the North American Racing Academy, and typically houses more than 1,000 horses at a time.
Visit the 1,200-acre Kentucky Horse Park dedicated to all breeds of horse. The world-renowned park offers a variety of museums, galleries, theaters and working farm exhibits to explore, including the International Museum of the Horse, a Smithsonian affiliate dedicated to the man's unique relationship with the horse through time. Nature enthusiasts can explore the park's campgrounds, with over 200 spacious camp sites along with tennis courts, bathhouses, basketball courts, a swimming pool and more. Check the KHP website for seasonal events and equestrian shows to see what's going on during your visit!


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Home ► Press release
Italian ENAC on cancellation of Cabo Verde Airlines flights
The Authority revokes authorization to operate the carrier
Enac has warned the airline of the sale of additional tickets from the date of 20 July
ENAC, Italian Civil Aviation Authority, announces that "In consideration of the flights cancellations arranged in recent days by the Cabo Verde Airlines, which caused inconvenience to hundreds of passengers with scheduled flights to Cape Verde, the National Civil Aviation Authority has revoked the carrier's licenses to operate on national airports.
The Authority has asked the Cape Verdean airline to have a list of the riprotections of the passengers involved and has warned it to sell additional tickets from today, on July 20.
The same ENAC also wrote to the counterpart Authority for Civil Aviation of Cape Verde asking for information on the situation of the carrier and an intervention on the same to solve the situation of hardship that has arisen, also in consideration of the current Summer season.
It also activated contacts with the Brazilian consulate to follow the riprotection of passengers, in light of the fact that many people booked on cancelled flights would have continued their journey to Brazil.
In particular, the Authority will continue to monitor compliance with the relevant Community Regulation, number 261/2004, not only with regard to the redeployment of passengers already with tickets, providing, more generally, all the necessary information to the users, but also to the eventual refund of the cost of the ticket and of the payment of the pecuniary compensation, where due, from the airline to the involved passengers".
Rome, Italy, 07/20/2018 07:00
Press releaseItalian Enac (2) temporarily restored Cabo Verde Airlines licenses
To operate on national airports
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Re: Hai dere j00 Gais!
Welcome, as promised, you get a special VIP rank!
Good to see you Bboy!
AdmiralThrawn wrote: Oh look, It's Hamster!
Don't you worry, I have Jezza and Captain Slow too.
Glad to see ya to Admiral.
Woo! I found another fan on teh interwebz!
AdmiralThrawn wrote: Woo! I found another fan on teh interwebz!
Yeah, I live in the US. We get a crap half-hour watered-down version with no power laps, no interviews, no news. It sux. I downloaded all the seasons. The Vietnam Special was the best yet.
AdmiralThrawn wrote: Yeah, I live in the US. We get a crap half-hour watered-down version with no power laps, no interviews, no news. It sux. I downloaded all the seasons. The Vietnam Special was the best yet.
That was another good episode.
Jezza's truck was on fire!
Oh, and Hamster IS a pikey. Personalized plates? Come on.
So have I. I love his expressions every time he does. A sort of, 'What? I'm not doing anything!' look.
AdmiralThrawn wrote: So have I. I love his expressions every time he does. A sort of, 'What? I'm not doing anything!' look.
He's one of my gods simply because he doesn't succumb to Dumb Political correctness. Seriously, one joke against a group of people and you get major stick. Really ****es me off.
I love the whole thing Jezza does with comparisons on the number of complaints.
When he drove a Landrover Discovery up a mountain in Scotland, something like 150 people wrote to the BBC to complain. On the same episode, they forgot their poppies for Remembrance Day, and NOBODY complained about that.
Hammond's interest in cars can be summed up in two words: 'Land' and 'Rover'.
If he lost his job, there would be another petition to make him PM. And that would get 20 billion signatures, instead of the last one which got 49500.
They wouldn't make him PM, but they put a portrait of him in Number 10. That's good enough for me!
Sorry Jezza for saying S*****n C*****e.
That was utter awesomeness. I loved that show. That car was insane.
So, you're a fan. Have you seen the Veyron power lap?
Don't make me nuke this.


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text:
Review by noun
Back before they decided to focus all their efforts on churning out one mediocre Star Wars game after another, LucasArts produced some of the best adventure games ever made. It's a pretty impressive portfolio: Day of the Tentacle, Loom, Full Throttle, Grim Fandango, and of course, the whole Monkey Island series. While all of these were good, The Dig stands out as one of LucasArts's most high-profile and memorable achievements.
The Dig was originally planned as a motion picture, but that idea was scrapped due to its estimated cost at the time. Steven Spielberg thought of the original concept, which was fleshed out into novel form by prolific author Alan Dean Foster, who also contributed to the game's dialogue. The voice talent was excellent but low-budget, with the notable exception being Robert Patrick, most recently of X-Files fame.
The Dig's opening could work just as well in a movie theater, which is no surprise given the level of talent involved in this title. The game opens with a monitoring station discovering a huge asteroid on a collision course with Earth. Cut to a press conference, where the game's heroes are introduced to explain their upcoming journey to the asteroid and their mission to destroy it. Boston Low, veteran shuttle pilot and leader of the expedition, Maggie Robbins, a well-known journalist, and Ludger Brink, a respected archaeologist, are soon dispatched to investigate the situation.
The game begins at this point with a few simple puzzles to get you warmed up, culminating in your discovery that the asteroid is an artificial transport ship. After accidentally activating it, Boston, Maggie and Brink are whisked away from their shipmates and end up landing on another world. Your new mission? Figure out where they are and how to get back home. Shortly after your arrival, an event causes your party to split up, leaving Boston Low in your control. You'll soon find evidence that the deserted planet you're exploring was once home to a thriving civilization, and the bulk of the game comes from your unraveling its mysteries, namely, where did everyone go?
At its core, The Dig is just another 2D point-and-click adventure game, with 100 different areas to explore and the usual amount of obstacles in your path. However, the storyline is truly excellent and professionally developed. You get the sense that you really are on an alien world and, thanks to the excellent writing, come to view the characters as people and not just pixelated obstacles preventing your progress. The endings are ultimately satisfying (there are two different endings depending on your actions at one point in the game) and leave just enough of a plot opening to allow for a sequel.
I'm pretty picky when it comes to my adventure games in that I insist that the puzzles be logical in the context of the adventure rather than random puzzles, and The Dig doesn't disappoint. Nearly all of the puzzles have logical solutions that can be discovered with a little thought rather than random inventory manipulation, such as restoring power to an errant door with the tools at hand or searching the environment for a clue to a locked door's combination. The majority of the puzzles range from easy to moderate, with one particular head-scratcher in the extremely difficult category, which makes this an excellent title for first-time adventure gamers.
Unlike other adventure games from their competitors (cough, Sierra, cough), LucasArts's adventures were designed to not punish the player for making a mistake. No matter what you did, you would never die or be forced to reload a previous save because you missed a vital clue.
Taking this user-friendly approach one step further, The Dig was the first adventure to feature the single-click interface. Typically, adventure games required you to click on an interface tool of some sort and select an appropriate function (talk, use, look, etc.), then click the item or person with which you wanted to interact. In The Dig, you simply click the item, person or location on the screen and attempt to use it. The same principle applies to your inventory items. Opening your inventory, selecting an item, then clicking the hot spot on the screen is enough to determine a response. Granted, this functionality is taken for granted in today's adventure games, but it was LucasArts that pioneered the easy-to-use interface.
As for the graphics, well, let's be honest. The Dig was released in 1995, written for MS-DOS, and it simply cannot compare with today's 3D graphics-enhanced genocide simulators. The Dig's graphics are 640x480, SVGA and very pixelated, though they were considered state-of-the-art at the time. Still, don't let this discourage you. Making the most of what they had, the artists did a fantastic job creating an alien world in 256 colors. Each screen is beautifully composed, and any relevant hot spots are easy to find and use. The cut scenes are animated and even today can easily compete with most cartoons on TV.
The Dig's music and sound, however, are still aural treats even by today's standards. The Dig's music consists of heavily synthesized elements of Wagner opera compositions, creating an eerie, ambient landscape. Given that the game is from LucasArts, it should be no surprise that the sound effects are top-notch. The voiceovers are excellent as well, especially Robert Patrick's (Boston) work, though Steven Blum's (Brink) delivery can be a bit grating at times.
I discovered one other benefit during my Wayback Machine trip: The Dig runs perfectly on today's powerhouse machines. On my Pentium 3, The Dig ran just fine in a Windows 98 DOS window, at normal speed, without a single crash. This is because The Dig runs entirely from the CD drive and only accesses your hard drive for game saves. Simply pop in the CD, choose either the 8 MB or 16 MB executable file (remember when 16 MB of RAM was a big deal?) and you're off and running. Excellent news for those of us who find today's high-budget games unsatisfying, like a $5 cup of Starbucks coffee that leaves you with a sour stomach.
What else can I say? As far as 2D point-and-click adventure games go, The Dig is definitely at the top of the list as one of the finest games ever made. Any adventure gamer who doesn't already own a copy should take the time to locate one and experience The Dig for himself. You won't be disappointed, and you may find yourself looking at today's games in a new light.
Developer: LucasArts
Publisher: LucasArts
Four Fat Chicks Links
486 DX2 66 MHz
Soundblaster compatible
Copyright © Electric Eye Productions. All rights reserved.
No reproduction in whole or in part without express written permission.


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Is Domingo German On The Fast Track To The New York Yankees?
Christian Kouroupakis
Mar 12, 2017; Tampa, FL, USA; New York Yankees pitcher Domingo German (76) throws a pitch during the seventh inning against the Atlanta Braves at George M. Steinbrenner Field. Mandatory Credit: Kim Klement-USA TODAY Sports
One of the more exciting arms in the New York Yankees system is making strides this season and is starting to look like a special prospect.
The New York Yankees acquired Domingo German, who was then the eight-best prospect in the Miami Marlins system, as a throw-in for the deal that sent Martin Prado and David Phelps to Miami for Nathan Eovaldi and Garrett Jones.
Over two years after that deal, it looks like German can make that trade a winning one for general manager Brian Cashman. But it didn't seem like it at first.
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Before his first season as a member of the Yankees organization, German underwent surgery to operate on a torn ulnar collateral ligament. He missed the entire 2015 season, was non-tendered on Dec. 3, 2015, and was signed eight days later to a Minor League contract to avoid losing the righty to the Rule-5 Draft.
In 2016, he returned to action on June 26 with the Single-A Charleston RiverDogs. German would make five starts and didn't miss a beat as he fanned 18 batters compared to two walks over 26 innings while posting a 3.02 ERA. On July 24, he earned a promotion to High-A Tampa, where he maintained a strikeout rate of 7.6 and surrendered just nine runs over 26 innings (3.12 ERA). He finished the year with a 1.047 WHIP between both levels.
The 24-year-old, who was eligible for minor league free agency, was then added to the 40-man roster on November 4. Now, in his first full season as a member of the Yankees, he's proving that he could be the steal of that trade with Miami.
CLICK FOR ESNY's YANKEES TEAM CENTER
German started the year in Double-A Trenton, where he six starts. While he earned the loss in four of them, opponents hit just .248/.312/.403 off of him. He also posted an ERA of 3.00 and struck out 38 batters in 33 innings (10.5 K/9). On May 18, German was called-up to Triple-A Scranton/Wilkes-Barre, where he is already opening some eyes.
In two starts, the native of San Pedro de Macoris (DR) has allowed five runs in 13.2 innings (3.29 ERA) with 16 strikeouts compared to five walks. His second start was more impressive, as he allowed just three hits while fanning 10 to get the win against the Columbus Clippers.
Listed at 6-foot-2 and 175 pounds, German has all the tools to become a back-end of the rotation starter in the Majors one day. Many scouts doubted that following Tommy John surgery, but 2016 and 2017 have seen the two best WHIPs of his career — aside from 2013. His fastball still sits in the low-to-mid 90s and has worked on a curveball to compliment his rapidly improving changeup.
Given New York's tendency to keep the process slow with starters (especially those coming off UCL surgery), he is likely a couple of years of fine-tuning away from having an impact in the Bronx. Nevertheless, his status as a member of the 40-man roster makes it clear that a September call-up is on Domingo German's radar for 2017.
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Scranton / Wilkes-Barre Railriders
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