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Kota Kinabalu All Destinations
Explore Kota Kinabalu
Kota Kinabalu Tours
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Sandakan Sepilok Orangutan Rehabilitation Centre
Mt. Kinabalu (Gunung Kinabalu)
Kinabalu National Park
North Borneo Railway
Tunku Abdul Rahman National Park (TARP)
Poring Hot Spring & Nature Reserve (Poring Hot Springs)
Sabah Museum (Sabah State Museum)
How to Spend 3 Days in Kota Kinabalu
How to Spend 1 Day in Kota Kinabalu
Panay Island
Welcome to Kota Kinabalu
The capital city of the Malaysian state of Sabah on north Borneo, Kota Kinabalu (or KK as it's usually called) functions more as a civic and transport hub than as a destination in its own right. This is a good thing, as visitors who base their trips out of KK will find abundant travelers services, big-city amenities, and an ease of communication from a tourism industry used to pleasing globetrotters, all with easy access to the nearby Borneo wilderness. Located practically in KK's backyard, the 7.5-million acre (roughly 3-million hectare) Kinabalu Park promises a full day of adventure: Hike Mount Kinabalu; soak in the Poring Hot Springs; and learn about the lush flora and fauna (including the famous proboscis monkey) that earned this stretch of wilderness its designation as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Other outings include a short flight to the Sandakan Orangutan Rehabilitation Centre; ziplining excursions through the rain forests of Gaya Island; or snorkeling and scuba diving trips off off the coast of Tunku Abdul Rahman National Park. Those who choose to linger in the city can see its most prominent attractions on a sightseeing tour, likely to feature the Sabah Museum, Wisma Tun Mustapha (Sabah Foundation Building), City Mosque, and views of Likas Bay from the summit of Signal Hill.
Top 10 attractions in Kota Kinabalu
Tucked within the jungles of Malaysian Borneo and the UNESCO World Heritage-listed Kinabalu Park, Poring Hot Spring & Nature Reserve (better known as Poring Hot springs) is a collection of built attractions highlighting some of the region's wild features. The star is a series of tiled pools and public baths built by the Japanese during their occupation in WWI. Containing naturally hot sulfurous water pumped to the surface, the baths are popular with tired Mt. Kinabalu trekkers as well as area residents, especially on weekends....
Thanks to the rising of sea levels at the end of the last ice age, what were once sandstone mountains connected to the mainland are now a collection of five tropical islands left piercing the surface just off the coastline of Kota Kinabalu. Comprised of the islands of Manukan, Gaya, Sapi, Mamutuk, and Sulug, these five forested islets make up Tunku Abdul Rahman National Park (TARP), conveniently located an easy 20 minute speedboat ride from downtown Kota Kinabalu....
Located on the hills near Padang Merdeka, the Signal Hill Observatory Platform is the highest point in Kota Kinabalu, which means it's one of the best places to go for sweeping, unobstructed views of the city and beyond....
Kota Kinabalu City Mosque (Masjid Bandaraya Kota Kinabalu)
The Kota Kinabalu City Mosque (Masjid Bandaraya Kota Kinabalu) is not only the largest mosque in the city, but also the most visually striking. Surrounded by a lagoon, the building appears to float when viewed from a distance, and casts a picturesque reflection into the water below....
Sapi Island (Pulau Sapi)
Few beaches offer the same picturesque white sands and crystal blue waters that travelers will find on Pulau Sapi. Its coral reefs and clear waters make it ideal for snorkeling, and the surrounding epic landscapes and unmatched beauty make it one of the best spots for travelers seeking an island retreat. Whether it's enjoying picnic shelters and BBQ pits with family and friends or watching crab-eating monkeys gather along the shore, there's plenty to see on a visit to Sapi. And travelers won't be disappointed by the para sailing, scuba diving and underwater adventure they'll find here, either....
Located within easy reach of Kota Kinabalu city center, the Sabah State Museum is a comprehensive museum exploring the heritage, art, culture, and daily life of Sabah and its people. The museum is made up of the main building, along with galleries exhibiting the various themes, including the Science and Education Center, the Heritage Village, the Sabah Art Gallery and the Museum of Islamic Civilization. Natural history, ceramics, ethnography and archaeology are among the many displays, along with a centerpiece whale skeleton. The Heritage Village features traditional tribal dwellings of the different indigenous groups of Sabah set on a lake, including Kadazan bamboo houses and a Chinese farmhouse, all set on a lake. The Science and Education Center next door has an interesting exhibition on the petroleum industry, while the the Sabah Art Gallery features exhibitions by local artists....
Mari Mari Cultural Village
Travelers in search of a true cultural exchange need look no further than Mari Mari, a cultural village situation in a remote forest on the island of Borneo. Here, visitors can learn about the indigenous Sabahan people, explore their traditional homes and witness fire-starting, blowpipe-making and tattoo-making demonstrations. In addition to sharing their cultures and traditions, representatives from the Bajau, Lundayeh, Murut, Rungus and Dusun people also cook ethnic delicacies for travelers with an adventurous palate to sample. While some visitors say the village can feel a bit too touristy, others argue it's the perfect way to experience the vibrant cultures and traditions of Borneo in a single stop....
Manukan Island (Pulau Manukan)
The second largest of the islands that make up the Tunku Abdul Rahman National Park, Manukan Island is just a short boat-ride from Kota Kinabalu, attracting a large number of locals and international visitors alike. Manukan Island boasts a beautiful coastline, some stunning coral reefs, and areas of lush vegetation. The main beach on the southern side of the island is a huge stretch of white sand facing a bay of crystal-clear ocean. The water is calm and safe, making snorkeling and swimming the most popular pastimes for visitors to the island. Meanwhile, a network of walking trails leading inland allow keen walkers to explore the island's natural environment without getting wet. The island caters well to tourism, with various facilities and services on offer, from accommodation and restaurants to gift shops and a diving center....
Sabah State Mosque (Masjid Negeri Sabah)
A separate entity than the Kota Kinabalu city mosque, as the name implies the Sabah State Mosque (Masjid Negeri Sabah) is meant to be the principal place of worship for the Malaysian state of Sabah. Located on the outskirts of the Kota Kinabalu city center, the most immediately noticeable aspect of the State Mosque is the 215 ft. minaret which towers over the white and gold honeycombed main dome....
Monsopiad Cultural Village
Located along the banks of the Penampang River, just 16 kilometers the bustling capital of Sabah, the Monsopiad Cultural Village is a living, breathing museum that aims to give visitors an insight into the history and culture of the Kadazandusun people....
See more Kota Kinabalu attractions
Explore Kota Kinabalu by interest
Kota Kinabalu may be synonymous with its mountainous namesake, but there's so much more to the capital of Sabah, Borneo. The city's close proximity to beaches, islands, wildlife, and culture means that there's plenty to see and do. Here's how to make the most of one day in KK.
With two days in Kota Kinabalu, it's possible to explore both the city and the nearby marine park, and to venture further afield to Mt. Kinabalu National Park. Here are a few ways to make the most of two days.
Three days in Kota Kinabalu means you can enjoy most of the highlights in the area, including the beaches and islands, wildlife, culture, and outdoor recreation. Here are a few ways to make the most of your 3-day journey.
Top activities in Kota Kinabalu
Weston Fireflies River Cruise from Kota Kinabalu City
Kinabalu Park & Poring Hot Spring & Canopy Walk
Klias Wildlife Safari River Cruise from Kota Kinabalu
Day Trip to Mount Kinabalu Poring Rainforest
The Essence of Kota Kinabalu
Kota Kinabalu Discover Scuba Diving
Private Full Day Kinabalu National Park Tour with Canopy Walk Including Lunch
Full Day Orangutan, Sunbear, Labuk Bay
Kota Kinabalu Half-Day City Tour
White Water Rafting and Zipline Adventure Day tour
Quad Biking Tour in Kiulu
Kota Kinabalu City Tour
Monsopiad Cultural Village Visit with Private Transfer from Kota Kinabalu
Malaysia Kinabalu Park Private Day Tour
ATV Borneo, Desa Cattle Dairy Farm and Nabalu Town
Kinabalu Park and Poring Hot Spring
Proboscis Monkey and Fireflies River Cruise
Private Mari-Mari Cultural Village Tour Including Lunch
Private Half Day Kota Kinabalu City Tour
Kinabalu Park and Poring Hot Spring with Lunch from Kota Kinabalu
What are the top things to do in Kota Kinabalu?
The top things to do in Kota Kinabalu are:
Discover the top things to do in Kota Kinabalu.
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Top activities in Kota Kinabalu include:
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Geografia

Austria
 Hagenberg im Mühlkreis – gmina targowa w kraju związkowym Górna Austria, w powiecie Freistadt

Niemcy
 Hagenberg – dzielnica Berchinga

Osoby
 Helfried Hagenberg – niemiecki grafik

Inne
 Hagenberg – pałac

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Slogan of Bill Morse's campaign to take the 1953 convention to Tuktoyakuk in North West Territory (where the Mounties come from). He promised whale blubber lamps in every igloo, but Philadelphia managed to divert enough of his support to win on the balloting.
Opposition: Cleveland in 1953 and the winning 1953 Philly Bid.


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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Home » 2007 Harley Davidson Heritage – Captivating Images
2007 Harley Davidson Heritage – Captivating Images
Hawaiian Harley
March 19, 2014 October 7, 2015 by Beto Mendoza
When most people think of the Aloha State the first thing that comes to mind are serene beachfronts and colorful shirts, but what most don't know is that Hawaiian's have customizing in their blood. Back in the 19th century, missionaries gave the Hawaiian's plain shirts to cover their chests and, to make the shirts more attractive, the Hawaiian's painted them in colorful schemes. That said, things are no different when you take a look at Michael Pantil's '07 Harley Heritage. With paint dripping like it was freshly dipped, this bike flaunts a demeanor which is both captivating and charming. It's a build that would make Harley-Davidson proud, and a build that also makes you wonder what he has in store for his '54 GMC and '63 Impala hardtop.
When asked about the influence of his build, Michael will be the first one to admit that it was a Toyota Corolla called "Captivating Image" that sparked his passion. The car, which belonged to Chris Galutira, happened to be the brother of his best friend and that was enough to get him hooked on the candy and chrome. "We looked up to Chris," says Michael who started lowriding at fifteen years of age, and since then he's owned numerous lowriders including a Regal and Cadillac.
As you gaze through the images of Michael's bike you can't help but wonder how much time was invested into creating this piece of rolling art, and with a total build time of just nine months, the bike sports a fit and finish that you'd come to expect from someone who has now customized his fourth Harley. Purchased from a friend in stock condition, Michael is no stranger to building custom bikes. His three previous Harleys were sold to friends or onlookers who fell in love with his work but this particular build may just be a keeper. With the exception of engraving, paint, and upholstery, the bike was pretty much built in his garage. When asked if he would sell it, his reply came slow as he hesitantly replied, "I don't know. I went all-out on this one and I'm sure I'll keep it." Of course, we don't blame him for wanting to keep it but I'm sure we'll see many more creative builds coming from Michael soon enough.
A special thanks to his wife Donna, his kids Nui and Mark as well as the USO Family. A big shout out also goes out to Junk Shop Pros and Chris Galutira. He would also like to dedicate this feature to the late Mike Galutira.
Owner: Michael Pantil
Vehicle: 2007 Harley-Davidson Heritage
City/State: Honolulu, Hawaii
Club: Tattoo Krew MC
Engine: Out of his garage, Michael installed the Samson Cholo's pipes and Velocity intake.
Body/Paint: After shaving the rear fender, Bobo Brown of Classics Auto Body in Pearl City, HI, painted the bike candy red and black, while Wish of Junk Shop Pros in Honolulu, HI, striped it.
Interior: Al Catalina of Al's Upholstery in Waipahu, HI, stitched the seat.
Setup: Chris Galutira of ECC in Honolulu, HI installed the Shotgun AirRide.
Tires: Avon tires.
Wheels: Smoothie 21/16 Diamond cut spokes
Beto Mendoza
See more articles from Beto


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Michigan Community Association Law Blog
Michigan Real Estate Law Blog
Michigan Condominium Law
The Michigan Condominium Act
Michigan Condominium Act Rules
Michigan Condominium Buyer's Handbook
Notice of Available Remedies under the Michigan Condominium Act (LARA)
Michigan Condominium Law FAQ's (LARA)
The Michigan Nonprofit Corporation Act
Michigan Cooperative Law
Co-Op's (The Michigan General Corporation Statute)
Co-Op's (Michigan State Housing Development Authority Act of 1966)
Michigan HOA Law
The Michigan Land Division Act
Comparison Between Michigan Site Condominiums and Platted Subdivisions (Homeowner Associations)
Michigan Summer Resort Law
The Michigan Summer Resort Owners Act
Michigan Summer Resort Owners Corporations – Attorney General Opinion #7230
Michigan Zoning and Land Use Planning Law
Michigan Land Division Act
Fair Housing Law
Federal Fair Housing Act HUD Regulations
Federal Housing for Older Persons Act
Michigan Elliott-Larsen Civil Rights Act
Michigan Persons with Disabilities Civil Rights Act
PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES CIVIL RIGHTS ACT
AN ACT to define the civil rights of persons with disabilities; to prohibit discriminatory practices, policies,
and customs in the exercise of those rights; to prescribe penalties and to provide remedies; and to provide for
the promulgation of rules.
History: 1976, Act 220, Eff. Mar. 31, 1977;Am. 1980, Act 478, Imd. Eff. Jan. 20, 1981;Am. 1992, Act 123, Imd. Eff. June 29,
1992;Am. 1998, Act 20, Imd. Eff. Mar. 12, 1998.
The People of the State of Michigan enact:
37.1101 Short title.
Sec. 101. This act shall be known and may be cited as the "persons with disabilities civil rights act".
History: 1976, Act 220, Eff. Mar. 31, 1977;Am. 1998, Act 20, Imd. Eff. Mar. 12, 1998.
37.1102 Opportunity guaranteed; civil right; accommodation of person with disability; undue
hardship.
Sec. 102. (1) The opportunity to obtain employment, housing, and other real estate and full and equal
utilization of public accommodations, public services, and educational facilities without discrimination
because of a disability is guaranteed by this act and is a civil right.
(2) Except as otherwise provided in article 2, a person shall accommodate a person with a disability for
purposes of employment, public accommodation, public service, education, or housing unless the person
demonstrates that the accommodation would impose an undue hardship.
37.1103 Definitions.
Sec. 103. As used in this act:
(a) "Alcoholic liquor" means that term as defined in section 105 of the Michigan liquor control code of
1998, 1998 PA 58, MCL 436.1105.
(b) "Commission" means the civil rights commission established by section 29 of article V of the state
constitution of 1963.
(c) "Controlled substance" means that term as defined in section 7104 of the public health code, 1978 PA
368, MCL 333.7104.
(d) Except as provided under subdivision (f), "disability" means 1 or more of the following:
(i) A determinable physical or mental characteristic of an individual, which may result from disease,
injury, congenital condition of birth, or functional disorder, if the characteristic:
(A) For purposes of article 2, substantially limits 1 or more of the major life activities of that individual
and is unrelated to the individual's ability to perform the duties of a particular job or position or substantially
limits 1 or more of the major life activities of that individual and is unrelated to the individual's qualifications
for employment or promotion.
(B) For purposes of article 3, is unrelated to the individual's ability to utilize and benefit from a place of
public accommodation or public service.
(C) For purposes of article 4, is unrelated to the individual's ability to utilize and benefit from educational
opportunities, programs, and facilities at an educational institution.
(D) For purposes of article 5, substantially limits 1 or more of that individual's major life activities and is
unrelated to the individual's ability to acquire, rent, or maintain property.
(ii) A history of a determinable physical or mental characteristic described in subparagraph (i).
(iii) Being regarded as having a determinable physical or mental characteristic described in subparagraph (i
(e) "Drug" means that term as defined in section 7105 of the public health code, 1978 PA 368, MCL
333.7105.
(f) For purposes of article 2, disability does not include either of the following:
(i) A determinable physical or mental characteristic caused by the current illegal use of a controlled
substance by that individual.
(ii) A determinable physical or mental characteristic caused by the use of an alcoholic liquor by that
Rendered Monday, January 09, 2012 Page 1 Michigan Compiled Laws Complete Through PA Compiled
through Act 255 & includes 257, 259-263, 268, 270-272, 276 &
 Legislative Council, State of Michigan Courtesy of www.legislature.mi.gov
individual, if that physical or mental characteristic prevents that individual from performing the duties of his
or her job.
(g) "Person" includes an individual, agent, association, corporation, joint apprenticeship committee,
joint-stock company, labor union, legal representative, mutual company, partnership, receiver, trust, trustee in
bankruptcy, unincorporated organization, this state, or any other legal, commercial, or governmental entity or
(h) "Person with a disability" or "person with disabilities" means an individual who has 1 or more
(i) "Political subdivision" means a county, city, village, township, school district, or special district or
authority of this state.
(j) "State average weekly wage" means the state average weekly wage as determined by the Michigan
employment security commission under section 27 of the Michigan employment security act, 1936 (Ex Sess)
PA 1, MCL 421.27.
(k) "Temporary employee" means an employee hired for a position that will not exceed 90 days in
duration.
(l) "Unrelated to the individual's ability" means, with or without accommodation, an individual's disability
does not prevent the individual from doing 1 or more of the following:
(i) For purposes of article 2, performing the duties of a particular job or position.
(ii) For purposes of article 3, utilizing and benefiting from a place of public accommodation or public
(iii) For purposes of article 4, utilizing and benefiting from educational opportunities, programs, and
facilities at an educational institution.
(iv) For purposes of article 5, acquiring, renting, or maintaining property.
1990;Am. 1992, Act 123, Imd. Eff. June 29, 1992;Am. 1998, Act 20, Imd. Eff. Mar. 12, 1998;Am. 1999, Act 201, Eff. Mar. 10,
Compiler's note: Enacting section 1 of Act 201 of 1999 provides:
"Enacting section 1. This amendatory act is curative and intended to correct any misinterpretation of legislative intent in the court of
appeals decision in Doe v Department of Corrections, 236 Mich App 801 (1999). This legislation further expresses the original intent of
the legislature that an individual serving a sentence of imprisonment in a state or county correctional facility is not within the purview of
this act."
Sec. 201. As used in this article:
(a) "Employee" does not include an individual employed in domestic service of any person.
(b) "Employer" means a person who has 1 or more employees or a person who as contractor or
subcontractor is furnishing material or performing work for the state or a governmental entity or agency of the
state and includes an agent of such a person.
(c) "Employment agency" means a person regularly undertaking with or without compensation to procure
employees for an employer or to procure for employees opportunities to work for an employer and includes
an agent of such a person.
(d) "Genetic information" means information about a gene, gene product, or inherited characteristic of an
individual derived from the individual's family history or a genetic test.
(e) "Genetic test" means the analysis of human DNA, RNA, chromosomes, and those proteins and
metabolites used to detect heritable or somatic disease-related genotypes or karyotypes for clinical purposes.
A genetic test must be generally accepted in the scientific and medical communities as being specifically
determinative for the presence, absence, or mutation of a gene or chromosome in order to qualify under this
definition. Genetic test does not include a routine physical examination or a routine analysis including, but not
limited to, a chemical analysis of body fluids unless conducted specifically to determine the presence,
absence, or mutation of a gene or chromosome.
(f) "Labor organization" includes:
(i) An organization of any kind, an agency or employee representation committee, group, association, or
plan in which employees participate and which exists for the purpose, in whole or in part, of dealing with
employers concerning grievances, labor disputes, wages, rates of pay, hours, or other terms or conditions of
(ii) A conference, general committee, joint or system board, or joint council which is subordinate to a
national or international labor organization.
(iii) An agent of a labor organization.
History: 1976, Act 220, Eff. Mar. 31, 1977;Am. 1990, Act 121, Imd. Eff. June 25, 1990;Am. 2000, Act 32, Imd. Eff. Mar. 15,
37.1202 Employer; prohibited conduct; exceptions; access to genetic information.
Sec. 202. (1) Except as otherwise required by federal law, an employer shall not:
(a) Fail or refuse to hire, recruit, or promote an individual because of a disability or genetic information
that is unrelated to the individual's ability to perform the duties of a particular job or position.
(b) Discharge or otherwise discriminate against an individual with respect to compensation or the terms,
conditions, or privileges of employment, because of a disability or genetic information that is unrelated to the
individual's ability to perform the duties of a particular job or position.
(c) Limit, segregate, or classify an employee or applicant for employment in a way which deprives or tends
to deprive an individual of employment opportunities or otherwise adversely affects the status of an employee
because of a disability or genetic information that is unrelated to the individual's ability to perform the duties
of a particular job or position.
(d) Fail or refuse to hire, recruit, or promote an individual on the basis of physical or mental examinations
that are not directly related to the requirements of the specific job.
(e) Discharge or take other discriminatory action against an individual on the basis of physical or mental
examinations that are not directly related to the requirements of the specific job.
(f) Fail or refuse to hire, recruit, or promote an individual when adaptive devices or aids may be utilized
thereby enabling that individual to perform the specific requirements of the job.
(g) Discharge or take other discriminatory action against an individual when adaptive devices or aids may
be utilized thereby enabling that individual to perform the specific requirements of the job.
(h) Require an individual to submit to a genetic test or to provide genetic information as a condition of
employment or promotion.
(2) Subsection (1) does not prohibit an individual from voluntarily providing to an employer genetic
information that is related to the employee's health or safety in the workplace. Subsection (1) does not
prohibit an employer from using genetic information received from an employee under this subsection to
protect the employee's health or safety.
(3) This section shall not apply to the employment of an individual by his or her parent, spouse, or child.
(4) Except as otherwise provided in subsection (2), no employer may directly or indirectly acquire or have
access to any genetic information concerning an employee or applicant for employment, or a member of the
employee's or applicant's family.
History: 1976, Act 220, Eff. Mar. 31, 1977;Am. 1998, Act 20, Imd. Eff. Mar. 12, 1998;Am. 2000, Act 32, Imd. Eff. Mar. 15,
37.1203 Employment agency; prohibited conduct.
Sec. 203. An employment agency shall not fail or refuse to refer for employment, or otherwise
discriminate against an individual because of a disability or classify or refer for employment an individual on
the basis of a disability that is unrelated to the individual's ability to perform the duties of a particular job or
37.1204 Labor organization; prohibited conduct.
Sec. 204. A labor organization shall not:
(a) Exclude or expel from membership, or otherwise discriminate against a member or applicant for
membership because of a disability that is unrelated to the individual's ability to perform the duties of a
particular job or position which entitles the individual to membership.
(b) Limit, segregate, or classify membership, or applicants for membership, or classify or fail or refuse to
refer for employment an individual in a way which would deprive or tend to deprive an individual of
employment opportunities, or which would limit employment opportunities or otherwise adversely affect the
status of an employee or of an applicant for employment, because of a disability that is unrelated to the
(c) Cause or attempt to cause an employer to violate this article.
(d) Fail to fairly and adequately represent a member in a grievance process because of the member's
disability.
History: 1976, Act 220, Eff. Mar. 31, 1977;Am. 1980, Act 478, Imd. Eff. Jan. 20, 1981;Am. 1998, Act 20, Imd. Eff. Mar. 12,
37.1205 Apprenticeship, on the job, or other training or retraining programs; discrimination
prohibited.
Sec. 205. An employer, labor organization, or joint labor management committee controlling
apprenticeship, on the job, or other training or retraining programs shall not discriminate against an individual
because of a disability in admission to, or employment or continuation in, a program established to provide
apprenticeship or other training.
37.1206 Prohibited notices, advertisements, inquiries, applications, and records.
Sec. 206. (1) An employer, labor organization, or employment agency shall not print or publish or cause to
and is required under this article to purchase any equipment or device to accommodate the person with a
disability, the total purchase cost required to be paid by that person for that equipment or device is limited to
an amount equal to the state average weekly wage. If the cost of an accommodation under this subsection
exceeds the limitation established for that accommodation, the accommodation imposes an undue hardship on
that person. If the cost of the accommodation does not exceed the limitation established for that
accommodation, the accommodation does not impose an undue hardship on that person.
(3) Except as provided in subsections (7), (13), and (17), if the person employs 4 or more employees but
fewer than 15 employees and is required under this article to purchase any equipment or device to
accommodate the person with a disability, the total purchase cost required to be paid by that person is limited
to an amount equal to 1.5 times the state average weekly wage. If the cost of an accommodation under this
subsection exceeds the limitation established for that accommodation, the accommodation imposes an undue
hardship on that person. If the cost of the accommodation does not exceed the limitation established for that
(4) Except as provided in subsections (6), (7), (13), and (17), if the person employs 15 or more employees
but fewer than 25 employees and is required under this article to purchase any equipment or device to
and the total purchase cost of any equipment or device required to accommodate an employee under this
article is equal to or less than 2.5 times the state average weekly wage, the accommodation does not impose
an undue hardship on that person.
(6) Except as provided in subsections (7), (13), and (17), if the person employs 15 or more employees and
the total purchase cost of any equipment or device required to accommodate an employee under this article is
equal to or less than 2.5 times the state average weekly wage, the accommodation does not impose an undue
hardship on that person.
(7) Subsections (2) to (6) do not limit the cost of reasonable routine maintenance or repair of equipment or
devices needed to accommodate a person with a disability under this article.
(8) Except as provided in subsections (13) and (17), if the person employs fewer than 4 employees and is
required to hire or retain 1 or more individuals as readers or interpreters to accommodate the person with a
disability in performing the duties of his or her job, the cost required to be paid by that person is limited to an
amount equal to 7 times the state average weekly wage for the first year the person with a disability is hired,
promoted, or transferred to that job, and 5 times the state average weekly wage for each year after the first
year the person with a disability is hired, promoted, or transferred to that job. If the cost of an accommodation
under this subsection exceeds the limitation established for that accommodation, the accommodation imposes
an undue hardship on that person. If the cost of the accommodation does not exceed the limitation established
for that accommodation, the accommodation does not impose an undue hardship on that person.
(9) Except as provided in subsections (13) and (17), if the person employs 4 or more employees but fewer
than 15 employees and is required to hire or retain 1 or more individuals as readers or interpreters to
accommodate the person with a disability in performing the duties of his or her job, the cost required to be
paid by that person is limited to an amount equal to 10 times the state average weekly wage for the first year
the person with a disability is hired, promoted, or transferred to that job, and 7 times the state average weekly
wage for each year after the first year the person with a disability is hired, promoted, or transferred to that job.
If the cost of an accommodation under this subsection exceeds the limitation established for that
accommodation, the accommodation imposes an undue hardship on that person. If the cost of the
accommodation does not exceed the limitation established for that accommodation, the accommodation does
not impose an undue hardship on that person.
(10) Except as provided in subsections (12), (13), and (17), if the person employs 15 or more employees
but fewer than 25 employees and is required to hire or retain 1 or more individuals as readers or interpreters to
the person with a disability is hired, promoted, or transferred to that job, and 10 times the state average
weekly wage for each year after the first year the person with a disability is hired, promoted, or transferred to
that job. If the cost of an accommodation under this subsection exceeds the limitation established for that
and the cost required to hire or retain 1 or more individuals as readers or interpreters to accommodate the
person with a disability in performing the duties of his or her job is less than or equal to 15 times the state
average weekly wage for the first year the person with a disability is hired, promoted, or transferred to that
job, and is less than or equal to 10 times the state average weekly wage for each year after the first year the
person with a disability is hired, promoted, or transferred to that job, the accommodation does not impose an
undue hardship on that person.
(12) Except as provided in subsections (13) and (17), if the person employs 15 or more employees and the
cost required to hire or retain 1 or more individuals as readers or interpreters to accommodate the person with
a disability in performing the duties of his or her job is less than or equal to 15 times the state average weekly
wage for the first year the person with a disability is hired, promoted, or transferred to that job, and is less
than or equal to 10 times the state average weekly wage for each year after the first year the person with a
disability is hired, promoted, or transferred to that job, the accommodation does not impose an undue hardship
on that person.
(13) If the person with a disability is a temporary employee, the limitations established for
accommodations under subsections (2), (3), (4), (5), (6), (8), (9), (10), (11), and (12) are reduced by 50%.
(14) A person who employs fewer than 15 employees is not required to restructure a job or alter the
schedule of employees as an accommodation under this article.
(15) Job restructuring and altering the schedule of employees under this article applies only to minor or
infrequent duties relating to the particular job held by the person with a disability.
(16) If a person can accommodate a person with a disability under this article only by purchasing
equipment or devices and hiring or retaining 1 or more individuals as readers or interpreters, the person shall,
subject to subsections (2) to (13) and subsection (17), purchase the equipment or devices and hire or retain 1
or more individuals as readers or interpreters to accommodate that person with a disability. However, if the
person can accommodate that person with a disability by purchasing equipment or devices or by hiring or
retaining 1 or more individuals as readers or interpreters, the person shall consult the person with a disability
and, subject to subsections (2) to (13) and subsection (17), choose whether to purchase equipment or devices
or hire or retain 1 or more individuals as readers or interpreters.
(17) Subsections (2) to (16) do not apply to either of the following:
(a) A public employer. As used in this subdivision, "public employer" means this state or a political
subdivision of this state.
(b) An organization exempt from taxation under section 501(c)(3) of the internal revenue code of 1986.
(18) A person with a disability may allege a violation against a person regarding a failure to accommodate
under this article only if the person with a disability notifies the person in writing of the need for
accommodation within 182 days after the date the person with a disability knew or reasonably should have
known that an accommodation was needed.
(19) A person shall post notices or use other appropriate means to provide all employees and job applicants
with notice of the requirements of subsection (18).
History: Add. 1990, Act 121, Imd. Eff. June 25, 1990;Am. 1998, Act 20, Imd. Eff. Mar. 12, 1998.
37.1211 Powers of person under article.
Sec. 211. A person may, under this article, do 1 or more of the following:
(a) Establish employment policies, programs, procedures, or work rules regarding the use of alcoholic
liquor or the illegal use of drugs.
(b) Apply different standards of compensation, or different terms, conditions, or privileges of employment
pursuant to a bona fide seniority or merit system, transfer system, scheduling system, assignment system, or
attendance plan if those standards of compensation or terms, conditions, or privileges of employment are not a
subterfuge to evade the purposes of this article.
(c) Establish uniform policies requiring employees who have been absent from work because of illness or
injury to submit evidence of the ability to return to work. This subdivision does not allow a person to establish
a policy requiring only persons with disabilities to submit evidence of the ability to return to work.
(d) Either of the following:
(i) Prohibit an employee who is being compensated under the worker's disability compensation act of
1969, 1969 PA 317, MCL 418.101 to 418.941, for an injury arising out of and in the course of his or her
employment with that person from returning to work in a restructured job.
(ii) Require an employee who is being compensated under the worker's disability compensation act of
employment with that person to return to work as provided by law, if the person accommodates the employee
as required under this article.
37.1212 Education and training programs.
Sec. 212. The department of civil rights shall offer education and training programs to employers, labor
organizations, and employment agencies to assist employers, labor organizations, and employment agencies
in understanding the requirements of this article.
History: Add. 1990, Act 121, Imd. Eff. June 25, 1990.
37.1213 Article not in conflict with civil rights act.
Sec. 213. Nothing in this article shall be construed to conflict with the Elliott-Larsen civil rights act, Act
No. 453 of the Public Acts of 1976, being sections 37.2101 to 37.2804 of the Michigan Compiled Laws.
37.1214 Accommodation not construed as preferential treatment or employee benefit.
Sec. 214. For purposes of this act, an accommodation required under this article shall not be construed to
be preferential treatment or an employee benefit.
(a) "Place of public accommodation" means a business, educational institution, refreshment, entertainment,
recreation, health, or transportation facility of any kind, whether licensed or not, whose goods, services,
facilities, privileges, advantages, or accommodations are extended, offered, sold, or otherwise made available
to the public.
(b) "Public service" means a public facility, department, agency, board, or commission owned, operated, or
managed by or on behalf of this state or a subdivision of this state, a county, city, village, township, or
independent or regional district in this state or a tax exempt private agency established to provide service to
the public, except that public service does not include a state or county correctional facility with respect to
actions or decisions regarding an individual serving a sentence of imprisonment.
History: 1976, Act 220, Eff. Mar. 31, 1977;Am. 1980, Act 478, Imd. Eff. Jan. 20, 1981;Am. 1999, Act 201, Eff. Mar. 10, 2000.
37.1302 Prohibited conduct.
Sec. 302. Except where permitted by law, a person shall not:
(a) Deny an individual the full and equal enjoyment of the goods, services, facilities, privileges,
advantages, and accommodations of a place of public accommodation or public service because of a disability
that is unrelated to the individual's ability to utilize and benefit from the goods, services, facilities, privileges,
advantages, or accommodations or because of the use by an individual of adaptive devices or aids.
(b) Print, circulate, post, mail, or otherwise cause to be published a statement, advertisement, or sign which
indicates that the full and equal enjoyment of the goods, services, facilities, privileges, advantages, and
accommodations of a place of public accommodation or public service will be refused, withheld from, or
denied an individual because of a disability that is unrelated to the individual's ability to utilize and benefit
from the goods, services, facilities, privileges, advantages, or accommodations or because of the use by an
individual of adaptive devices or aids, or that an individual's patronage of or presence at a place of public
accommodation is objectionable, unwelcome, unacceptable, or undesirable because of a disability that is
unrelated to the individual's ability to utilize and benefit from the goods, services, facilities, privileges,
37.1303 Exemptions.
Sec. 303. This article shall not apply to a private club, or other establishment not in fact open to the public,
except to the extent that the goods, services, facilities, privileges, advantages, or accommodations of the
private club or establishment are made available to the customers or patrons of another establishment that is a
place of public accommodation, or if it is licensed, chartered, or certified by the state or any of its political
subdivisions.
History: 1976, Act 220, Eff. Mar. 31, 1977.
37.1401 "Educational institution" defined.
Sec. 401. As used in this article, "educational institution" means a public or private institution or a separate
school or department of a public or private institution, includes an academy, college, elementary or secondary
school, extension course, kindergarten, nursery, school system, school district, or university, and a business,
nursing, professional, secretarial, technical, or vocational school, and includes an agent of an educational
History: 1976, Act 220, Eff. Mar. 31, 1977;Am. 1980, Act 478, Imd. Eff. Jan. 20, 1981.
37.1402 Educational institution; prohibited conduct.
Sec. 402. An educational institution shall not do any of the following:
(a) Discriminate in any manner in the full utilization of or benefit from the institution, or the services
provided and rendered by the institution to an individual because of a disability that is unrelated to the
individual's ability to utilize and benefit from the institution or its services, or because of the use by an
individual of adaptive devices or aids.
(b) Exclude, expel, limit, or otherwise discriminate against an individual seeking admission as a student or
an individual enrolled as a student in the terms, conditions, and privileges of the institution, because of a
disability that is unrelated to the individual's ability to utilize and benefit from the institution, or because of
the use by an individual of adaptive devices or aids.
(c) Make or use a written or oral inquiry or form of application for admission that elicits or attempts to
elicit information, or make or keep a record, concerning the disability of an applicant for admission for
reasons contrary to the provisions or purposes of this act.
(d) Print or publish or cause to be printed or published a catalog or other notice or advertisement indicating
a preference, limitation, specification, or discrimination based on the disability of an applicant that is
unrelated to the applicant's ability to utilize and benefit from the institution or its services, or the use of
adaptive devices or aids by an applicant for admission to the educational institution.
(e) Announce or follow a policy of denial or limitation through a quota or otherwise of educational
opportunities of a group or its members because of a disability that is unrelated to the group or member's
ability to utilize and benefit from the institution or its services, or because of the use by the members of a
group or an individual in the group of adaptive devices or aids.
(f) Develop a curriculum or utilize textbooks and training or learning materials which promote or foster
physical or mental stereotypes.
37.1403 Educational institution; plan.
Sec. 403. An educational institution may adopt and carry out a plan to eliminate present effects of past
discriminatory practices or assure equal opportunity with respect to persons with disabilities if the plan is filed
with the commission, under rules of the commission and the commission has not disapproved the plan.
Administrative rules: R 37.27 et seq. of the Michigan Administrative Code.
(a) "Housing accommodation" includes improved or unimproved real property, or a part thereof, which is
used or occupied, or is intended, arranged, or designed to be used or occupied, as the home or residence of 1
or more persons.
(b) "Immediate family" means a spouse, parent, child, or sibling.
(c) "Real estate broker or salesman" means a person, whether licensed or not, who, for or with the
expectation of receiving a consideration, lists, sells, purchases, exchanges, rents, or leases real property, or
who negotiates or attempts to negotiate any of these activities, or who holds himself out as engaged in these
activities, or who negotiates or attempts to negotiate a loan secured or to be secured by a mortgage or other
encumbrance upon real property, or who is engaged in the business of listing real property in a publication; or
a person employed by or acting on behalf of any of these persons.
(d) "Real estate transaction" means the sale, exchange, rental, or lease of real property, or an interest
therein.
(e) "Real property" includes a building, structure, mobile home, real estate, land, mobile home park, trailer
park, tenement, leasehold, or an interest in a real estate cooperative or condominium.
37.1502 Owners, persons engaging in real estate transactions, real estate brokers, and real
estate salesmen; prohibited conduct.
Sec. 502. (1) An owner or any other person engaging in a real estate transaction, or a real estate broker or
salesman shall not, on the basis of a disability of a buyer or renter, of a person residing in or intending to
reside in a dwelling after it is sold, rented, or made available, or of any person associated with that buyer or
renter, that is unrelated to the individual's ability to acquire, rent, or maintain property or use by an individual
of adaptive devices or aids:
(a) Refuse to engage in a real estate transaction with a person.
(b) Discriminate against a person in the terms, conditions, or privileges of a real estate transaction or in the
furnishing of facilities or services in connection with a real estate transaction.
(c) Refuse to receive or fail to transmit a bona fide offer to engage in a real estate transaction from a
person.
(d) Refuse to negotiate for a real estate transaction with a person.
(e) Represent to a person that real property is not available for inspection, sale, rental, or lease when in fact
it is available, fail to bring a property listing to a person's attention, refuse to permit a person to inspect real
property, or otherwise deny or make real property unavailable to a person.
(f) Make, print, circulate, post, or mail or cause to be made or published a statement, advertisement, or
sign, or use a form of application for a real estate transaction, or make a record of inquiry in connection with a
prospective real estate transaction, which indicates, directly or indirectly, an intent to make a limitation,
specification, or discrimination with respect to a real estate transaction.
(g) Offer, solicit, accept, use, or retain a listing of real property with the understanding that a person may
be discriminated against in a real estate transaction or in the furnishing of facilities or services in connection
with a real estate transaction.
(h) Discriminate against a person in the brokering or appraising of real property.
(2) A person shall not deny a person access to or membership or participation in a multiple listing service,
real estate brokers' organization or other service, organization, or facility relating to the business of selling or
renting real property, or discriminate against a person in the terms or conditions of that access, membership,
or participation.
37.1503 Certain rentals excepted from MCL 37.1502.
Sec. 503. Section 502 shall not apply to the rental of a housing accommodation in a building which
contains housing accommodations for not more than 2 families living independently of each other, if the
owner or a member of the owner's immediate family resides in 1 of the housing accommodations, or to the
rental of a room or rooms in a single housing dwelling by a person if the lessor or a member of the lessor's
immediate family resides therein.
37.1504 Financial assistance or financing; prohibited conduct.
Sec. 504. A person shall not discriminate on the basis of disability in making or purchasing loans for
acquiring, constructing, improving, repairing, or maintaining real property, or in providing other financial
assistance secured by or otherwise related to real property.
37.1505 Information as to applicant's credit worthiness.
Sec. 505. Nothing in this article shall be considered to prohibit an owner, lender, or his or her agent from
requiring that an applicant who seeks to buy, rent, lease, or obtain financial assistance for housing
accommodations supply information concerning the applicant's financial, business, or employment status or
other information designed solely to determine the applicant's credit worthiness, but not concerning
disabilities for reasons contrary to the provisions or purposes of this act.
37.1506 Prohibited representations.
Sec. 506. A person shall not represent, for the purpose of inducing a real estate transaction from which he
or she may benefit financially or otherwise, that a change has occurred or will or may occur in the
composition with respect to persons with disabilities of the owners or occupants in the block, neighborhood,
or area in which the real property is located, or represent that this change will or may result in the lowering of
property values, an increase in criminal or antisocial behavior, or a decline in the quality of schools in the
block, neighborhood, or area in which the real property is located.
37.1506a Real estate transaction; prohibited conduct; "covered multifamily dwellings"
defined.
Sec. 506a. (1) A person shall not do any of the following in connection with a real estate transaction:
(a) Refuse to permit, at the expense of the person with a disability, reasonable modifications of existing
premises occupied or to be occupied by the person with a disability if those modifications may be necessary
to afford the person with a disability full enjoyment of the premises. In the case of a rental, the landlord may,
if reasonable, make permission for a modification contingent on the renter's agreement to restore the interior
of the premises to the condition that existed before the modification, reasonable wear and tear excepted.
(b) Refuse to make reasonable accommodations in rules, policies, practices, or services, when the
accommodations may be necessary to afford the person with a disability equal opportunity to use and enjoy
residential real property.
(c) In connection with the design and construction of covered multifamily dwellings for first occupancy
after March 13, 1991, fail to include all of the following features:
(i) The dwellings have at least 1 building entrance on an accessible route, unless that is impractical because
of the terrain or unusual characteristics of the site.
(ii) The public and common use portions of the dwellings are readily accessible to and usable by persons
with disabilities.
(iii) All the doors designed to allow passage into and within all premises within the dwellings are
sufficiently wide to allow passage by persons with disabilities in wheelchairs.
(iv) All premises within covered multifamily dwellings contain an accessible route into and through the
dwelling; light switches, electrical outlets, thermostats, and other environmental controls in accessible
locations; reinforcements in bathroom walls to allow later installation of grab bars; and kitchens and
bathrooms designed so that an individual in a wheelchair can maneuver about the space.
(2) As used in this section, "covered multifamily dwellings" means buildings consisting of 4 or more units
if the buildings have 1 or more elevators, and ground floor units in other buildings consisting of 4 or more
37.1507 Person subject to article; plan.
Sec. 507. A person subject to this article may adopt and carry out a plan to eliminate present effects of past
discriminatory practices or assure equal opportunity with respect to individuals who have disabilities, if the
plan is filed with the commission under rules of the commission and the commission has not disapproved the
plan.
37.1601 Administration of act; rules.
Sec. 601. This act shall be administered by the civil rights commission. The commission may promulgate
rules to carry out this act pursuant to Act No. 306 of the Public Acts of 1969, as amended, being sections
24.201 to 24.315 of the Michigan Compiled Laws.
Rendered Monday, January 09, 2012 Page 10 Michigan Compiled Laws Complete Through PA Compiled
Sec. 602. A person or 2 or more persons shall not do the following:
(a) Retaliate or discriminate against a person because the person has opposed a violation of this act, or
because the person has made a charge, filed a complaint, testified, assisted, or participated in an investigation,
proceeding, or hearing under this act.
(b) Aid, abet, incite, compel, or coerce a person to engage in a violation of this act.
(c) Attempt directly or indirectly to commit an act prohibited by this act.
(d) Willfully interfere with the performance of a duty or the exercise of a power by the commission or any
of its authorized representatives.
(e) Willfully obstruct or prevent a person from complying with this act or an order issued.
(f) Coerce, intimidate, threaten, or interfere with any person in the exercise or enjoyment of, or on account
of his or her having aided or encouraged any other person in the exercise or enjoyment of, any right granted or
protected by article 5.
History: 1976, Act 220, Eff. Mar. 31, 1977;Am. 1992, Act 123, Imd. Eff. June 29, 1992.
37.1603 Adjustment order; violation of terms prohibited.
Sec. 603. A person shall not violate the terms of an adjustment order made under this act.
37.1604 Other acts not invalidated.
Sec. 604. Nothing in this act shall be interpreted as invalidating any other act that establishes or provides
programs or services for persons with disabilities.
37.1605 Complaints.
Sec. 605. A complaint alleging an act prohibited by this act shall be subject to the same procedures as a
complaint alleging an unfair employment practice under Act No. 453 of the Public Acts of 1976, as amended,
being sections 37.2101 to 37.2804 of the Michigan Compiled Laws.
37.1606 Civil action; commencement; "damages" defined; compensation for lost wages;
notice as condition to bringing civil action; applicability of subsection (5).
Sec. 606. (1) A person alleging a violation of this act may bring a civil action for appropriate injunctive
relief or damages, or both.
(2) An action commenced pursuant to subsection (1) may be brought in the circuit court for the county
where the alleged violation occurred, or for the county where the person against whom the civil complaint is
filed resides or has his or her principal place of business.
(3) As used in subsection (1), "damages" means damages for injury or loss caused by each violation of this
act, including reasonable attorneys' fees.
(4) The amount of compensation awarded for lost wages under this act for an injury under article 2 shall be
reduced by the amount of compensation received for lost wages under the worker's disability compensation
act of 1969, 1969 PA 317, MCL 418.101 to 418.941, for that injury and by the present value of the future
compensation for lost wages to be received under the worker's disability compensation act of 1969, 1969 PA
317, MCL 418.101 to 418.941, for that injury.
(5) A person with a disability may not bring a civil action under subsection (1) for a failure to
accommodate under article 2 unless he or she has notified the person of the need for accommodation as
required under section 210(18). This subsection does not apply if the person failed to comply with the
requirements of section 210(19).
History: Add. 1980, Act 478, Imd. Eff. Jan. 20, 1981;Am. 1990, Act 121, Imd. Eff. June 25, 1990;Am. 1998, Act 20, Imd. Eff.
Mar. 12, 1998.
37.1607 Diminishment of rights prohibited.
Sec. 607. This act shall not diminish the right of a person to seek direct and immediate legal or equitable
remedies in the courts of this state.
History: Add. 1980, Act 478, Imd. Eff. Jan. 20, 1981.
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Chrissy Teigen and John Legend kicked off their weekend "slaying alive" with full-on '70s swag for a mommy/daddy night out.
Wearing a cream, glittery gown with gold headband, Chrissy posed alongside her hunky hubby.
Legend mirrored John Travolta's epic "Saturday Night Fever" look in a white suit, black button down and gold chain.
The couple uploaded a series of photos documenting the costume party, that turned out to be only a party of two.
And of course, Legend had to get in a photo striking the memorable Tony Manero pose.
The always amazing couple needed a fun night, and gotta keep things interesting, especially now that they're juggling two little legends at home.


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The pictures were old, foreign and yet somehow familiar even though he couldn't quite place them. Somewhere hidden within his spirit he knew he had taken them.
My grandfather always told stories, he had such an imagination, we always thought his stories were just to entertain us, never knowing if they were true or not, or if it was the mutterings of too much vodka and longing for home. But now as I looked as these photographs bits and pieces of those stories warred with hazy images, and I'm not so sure what is actually real.
I remember Him and his brother would spend hours playing cards, with a bottle of vodka perched in the middle of the table to be shared between them. They basically grew up on the stuff, so I doubt it did anything to their senses, as it would to a person not accustomed to such hard drink. Once the bottle was empty they would sit and quietly talk between them, speaking only in Polish so no one would understand them. I rarely heard the foreign language, it was just how it was, once your feet grazed the shores of American soil, you left your old life behind, and painstakingly learned the English language, never indulging in your foreign tongue…unless your soul held secrets.
My dear grandson, you must have many questions. I do not know if the photographs are familiar to you, but they are the reason we are in America. As a young man, you had no fear, and you took these photographs in secret. You did not think anyone would ever find out about them, but certain people did.
I did not have to read any further, because the images and the memories all came flooding back. The two men that came and found me, and demanded I give them the photographs, I refused. That's when I could feel the pain from each blow that I took from these men, and the final jolt of pain in my head when it struck the concrete once I fell to the ground. At that point I was fading in and out of consciousness. I saw another large figure come upon one of the men, I'm not sure what happened, but he dropped to the ground lifeless, the other man ran away as fast as he could. I could hear voices, but couldn't understand what they were saying.
I continued reading in the journal. Your head injuries were severe, the doctor said that you would not remember anything. My father told me to take you to America, where my brother already was. When we entered at Ellis Island, it was as if we were given a new identity. When we gave them our names, the person recording our names in the manifest spelled it the way they thought it would sound in English, they were known to sometimes even add a few extra letters for good measure. The Polish language has it's own alphabet, so the American translation did not resemble the way it was spelled in Poland. It was the perfect opportunity for you and I to start a new life, and never be found.
I stopped reading, even though there was more. I wasn't sure I wanted to know more at this moment. My head hurt, and this was a lot of information to process. Because of me, my grandfather killed a man. The only thing running through my head at the moment was why hadn't the truth died along with him?
I love the photo too – you're capturing the mood and feeling it gives with your story perfectly.
Candice comes up with the best pics!! Glad you liked it. My mom even asked if I was going to write more about it. Here's a little background on the idea: One of the guys that was working on our bathroom talked about how the names got changed when people came over from Poland. So much so that his uncle came over at a different time from the siblings, and they had different last names. That was so interesting to me…but if you've ever tried to read Polish…you understand why.
I really want to expand on some of these stories I have been writing…I see no other way to accomplish this than to give up sleep. LOL.


text:
Corrugated Stainless Steel Tubing (CSST):
For the Short Run, It's the Gas Line of Choice
Printable Version [.pdf, 1.03 MB]
[IMAGE: Scorecard image]
Kevin Wagner
Wagner Heating and Cooling
Contractor Type:
Small Residential HVAC Contractor
CSST Flex Pipe
A development of four two-story townhomes with unfinished basements built by Pusey and Raffensberger. These 2,000- to 2,400-square-foot homes range in price from $285,000 to $355,000. Wagner used 1/2" flex pipe on a manifold to run gas lines between the main gas line and each unit's fireplace, duel-fuel furnace, and water heater.
"I use CSST exclusively. On top of the time savings, I don't have to purchase a $5,000 threader, which is required for steel pipe."
-- Kevin Wagner
WAGNER'S STORY
Pennsylvania builders Pusey and Raffensberger hired Kevin Wagner to rough in and install a dual fuel furnace using heat pumps and natural gas for a four-townhome development. He won the contract largely because of his affordable bid. Wagner's bid was less expensive because he proposed to use CSST flex pipe for the gas line, which would allow him to complete the project faster than contractors using steel.
[IMAGE: This townhouse--which looks like a single-family home--has an elevator and other accessibility features.] "I use flex pipes on smaller projects such as this one because it cuts down on labor time," Wagner says. "This project took about two-and-a-half hours to do everything, including the final touch ups and putting the manifold in. If I used black steel pipe, I would have had to thread the pipe, which probably would have taken me 4 to 6 hours."
"Overall, it costs less in materials to use black iron pipe and thread it, but when you factor the labor in, flex pipe is much cheaper since CSST is so much faster to install in short runs. However, if you're doing a long run, maybe a 100-foot straight length, flex pipe doesn't make financial sense since black iron pipe is pretty quick on straight runs."
"I ran about 60 feet of the ¾" CSST for the main line, and probably close to 60 feet of ½" line for the furnace, fireplace, and water heater lines," Wagner says.
"I put a manifold in the basement down by the HVAC unit so the homeowners could add lines if they remodel, but it doesn't really matter where you put the manifold. You don't even have to use a manifold. Instead, you can just put in t-fittings. You might save some time, but it's less handy in the long run than the manifold, which has extra spaces for future retrofits. You can also turn the main gas line off right there."
"Flex pipes come with all sorts of accessories, including the manifold and other fittings. Each manufacturer has a slightly different manifold, but they all have about four or five ports of ½" outlets, with one ¾" outlet for the main. Most are made of black iron."
"Materials probably cost about twice as much for the CSST as for the black pipe. For this project, they cost about $350. Flex pipe costs about $1.70 a foot, fittings are about $7 to $12 depending on the size, and the manifold costs about $27."
Kevin Wagner of Wagner Heating and Cooling has been in the heating and cooling industry for 17 years. He has been using CSST flex pipe since 1999, when it first became available in his area.
Why he switched to CSST:
"I use flex pipe because it cuts down on labor time. Overall, it costs less in materials to use black iron pipe and thread it, but when you factor the labor in, flex pipe is much cheaper since it's so much faster to install in short runs."
Page 1 | Page 2 | Printable Version [.pdf, 1.03 MB]


text:
No Ketchup. No Substitutions. No Customizing.
By Cari Martens March 21, 2011 5:00 am
By Cari Martens | March 21, 2011 5:00 am
Take it as a sign that maybe the economic recovery really is underway.
Remember back in the early dark days of the Great Recession when there were stories about how merchants were really bending over backwards to accommodate customers' wishes? How prices were negotiable, etc. etc.?
Well, a new restaurant trend seems to be picking up steam in New York City that goes in a decidedly different direction. More and more chefs are taking a hard line stance against patrons' requests for customizing meals, saying no to substitutions, banning ketchup, even taking salt and pepper off of table tops.
It's not just at high-end establishments, either. This new Chef Knows Best attitude seems to be spreading across a wide spectrum of eateries.
Here are some of the latest lines in the sand being drawn in some Gotham restaurants, as reported by Diane Cardwell, writing for The New York Times.
A West Village gastropub refuses to substitute any other cheese for its Roquefort-topped cheeseburger
A Lower East Side bistro allows no ketchup to be served with its popular french fries
A bagel shop that refuses to toast the bagels
Restaurants saying no to taming the heat of spicy dishes
David Chang's Momofuku restaurants won't substitute or provide vegetarian alternatives
The esteemed Chef Chang is quoted in Cardwell's article saying, "The customer is not always right." Some of these special requests are ridiculous, he says.
It seems culinary purists like Chang have tired of trying to accommodate every diner's whim. Perhaps it's a backlash against the Starbucks mentality of specifying every ingredient that goes in one's order.
It will be interesting to follow this trend and see if it makes its way west of the Hudson River. Then maybe we'll know, better economic times have really begun.
For more insights and innovations check out CultureWaves®, the place to go for the latest observations in the World Thought Bank – events, ideas, trends and more. Add your own thoughts about anything in life – entertainment, design, technology, well-being and, yes, food. And, take a look at a few of our other Hot & Cool Trends.
Food & Drink, Hot & Cool
Cari Martens
Chef Cari is the host of The Food Channel's popular cooking series, :90 Seconds In The Kitchen. Her culinary expertise has a foundation in consumer insights and hands-on restaurant management. Martens was a Cultural Strategist for CultureWaves, the consumer insights network that fuels editorial content for The Food Channel, prior to expanding into culinary creative as The Food Channel's chef and host. Before that, Martens served as General Manager for Ristorante Teatro, a high-end Italian restaurant concept in southwest Missouri. Her passion for food inspires fans worldwide, and she's known for her trademark phrase, "Now get in the kitchen!"
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Q: Find all the continuous functions $f: [0,1] \rightarrow [0,1]$ such $f(f(x))=x$ for all $x \in [0,1]$. Let $f: [0,1] \rightarrow [0,1]$ a continuous  function such that for all $x \in [0,1]$ we have that $f(f(x))=x$. Find all the function that acomplish this.
Because is continuous in $[0,1]$ we have that $f$ have for maximum $1$ and minimum $0$.
We have that $f(f(x))=x$, so if $f(x)=y$ then $f(y)=x$ ant his make $f$ injective, because if $f(z)=y$ then $f(f(z))=x \neq z$.
So, $f$ is continous and one-to-one then $f$ is strictly monotone. If $f(1)=z$ for some $z \in [0,1) $ we have that $f(z)=1$ and we conclude that $f$ is strictly decreasing. In other hand, if $f(0)= w$ for some $w \in (0,1]$ we have that $f(w)=0$, and we conclude that $f$ is strictly increasing and this is a contradiction, then $f(0)=0$ and $f(1)=1$, and with this $f$ is stictly  increasing. And then there is only one function that acomplish the past statments  $f(x)=x$.
Am I right?

A: If you assume $f$ is monotone increasing, then there's only one function, as you've found: $f(x) = x$.
If you allow $f$ to be monotone decreasing, then there's many, many more.  In particular, let $g : [0,1] \to [0,1]$ denote any strictly decreasing continuous function with $g(0) = 1$.  Then define $$f(x) = \begin{cases}g(x), & \text{ if } g(x) \geq x \\ g^{-1}(x), & \text{ otherwise}\end{cases}$$

On one minor abuse of notation: It may be the case that $g$ is not surjective, hence not invertible, but this doesn't matter.  The only $x$-values at which we're evaluating $g^{-1}$ are those values such that $g(x) < x\leq 1$, and all of these are in the range of $g$ by the intermediate value property.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Q: Set fan speed temporarily to 100% Question: Is there a program or an easy way (bash script) to set the fan speed to 100% for some time, for example a console program like setfanspeedtomax, such that when I press ^C, the fan is controlled automatically again? (I don't want to change the automatic fan control profile.)
Background: I have an ASUS UX501JW-CN245T laptop, Debian 8. The standard fan profile works fine but whenever I use oclHashcat with CUDA, the GPU temperature exceeds 90°C which can be avoided by setting the fan speed to maximum: When I tried to use pwmconfig, I got some error
root@UX501JW:/# pwmconfig
# pwmconfig revision 6166 (2013-05-01)
This program will search your sensors for pulse width modulation (pwm)
controls, and test each one to see if it controls a fan on
your motherboard. Note that many motherboards do not have pwm
circuitry installed, even if your sensor chip supports pwm.

We will attempt to briefly stop each fan using the pwm controls.
The program will attempt to restore each fan to full speed
after testing. However, it is ** very important ** that you
physically verify that the fans have been to full speed
after the program has completed.

Found the following devices:
   hwmon0 is acpitz
   hwmon1 is coretemp
   hwmon2 is asus

Found the following PWM controls:
   hwmon2/pwm1           current value: 85
hwmon2/pwm1 is currently setup for automatic speed control.
In general, automatic mode is preferred over manual mode, as
it is more efficient and it reacts faster. Are you sure that
you want to setup this output for manual control? (n) y

Giving the fans some time to reach full speed...
Found the following fan sensors:
   hwmon2/fan1_input     current speed: 0 ... skipping!

There are no working fan sensors, all readings are 0.
Make sure you have a 3-wire fan connected.
You may also need to increase the fan divisors.
See doc/fan-divisors for more information.

and the fan went on full speed and stayed like that for some reason. I tested oclHashcat again and with the fans running at full speed, the GPU temperature did not exceed 84°C. I then had to shut down to get the automatic fan control back.

A: This command sets the fans to 100%:
nvidia-settings -a GPUTargetFanSpeed=100
Source:
https://pingtrip.com/posts/headless-hashcat-server


text:
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Modeling Bioprocess Cost
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Auxotrophic Markers pyrF and proC Can Replace Antibiotic Markers on Protein Production Plasmids in High‐Cell‐Density Pseudomonas fluorescens Fermentation
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Characterization of the SOS response of Pseudomonas fluorescens strain DC206 using whole-genome transcript analysis
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Identification of anthranilate and benzoate metabolic operons of Pseudomonas fluorescens and functional characterization of their promoter regions
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Heterologous Protein Production in P.fluorescens
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Chapter 3: Pseudomonas fluorescens Production of Recombinant Proteins: Novel Microbial and Eukaryotic Expression Systems
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Antibody Engineering & Therapeutics
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