The TLR4 agonist, MPLA (monophosphoryl lipid A) is a derivative of lipid A from Salmonella minnesota R595 lipopolysaccharide (LPS or endotoxin).
MPLA is considerably less toxic than LPS whilst maintaining the immunostimulatory activity.
When tested in animal models as a vaccine adjuvant, MPLA induces a strong Th1 response.
MPLA-SM VacciGrade™ is suitable for preclinical studies. It is prepared under strict aseptic conditions. It is guaranteed sterile.
MPLA-SM VacciGrade™ is for research use only, not for use in humans.
Species: Salmonella enterica serovar minnesota mutant R595.
Working concentration: 2- 20 μg/mouse.
Solubility: 1 mg/ml in DMSO.
MPLA-SM VacciGrade™ is a preclinical grade preparation of monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA) derived from Salmonella enterica serovar Minnesota R595 LPS.
MPLAs VacciGrade™ is guaranteed sterile.
MPLA-SM VacciGrade™ is shipped at room temperature.
Product is stable 1 year when properly stored.
Upon resuspension, prepare aliquots of MPLA-SM VacciGrade™ and store at -20°C. Product is stable 6 months when properly stored.
Monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA) is a low-toxicity derivative of the lipid A region of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), that retains the immunologically active lipid A portion of the parent molecule . While the toxicity associated with LPS prohibits its potential clinical use, MPLA is being developed as a vaccine adjuvant .
Both LPS and MPLA are TLR4 agonists, but they signal through different adaptors, MyD88 and TRIF, respectively. The reduced toxicity of MPLA is attributed to the preferential recruitment of TRIF upon TLR4 activation, resulting in decreased induction of inflammatory cytokines .
MPLA has been tested as an adjuvant in mice and reported to induce a strong Th1 response [4-6]. Although the mechanism of action of MPLA has not been fully eludicated, it has been suggested that MPLA improves vaccine immunogenicity by enhancing antigen presenting cell maturation .
1. Okemoto K. et al., 2006. A potent adjuvant monophosphoryl lipid A triggers various immune responses, but not secretion of IL-1beta or activation of caspase-1. J Immunol. 176(2):1203-8.
2. Casella CR. et al., 2008. Putting endotoxin to work for us: monophosphoryl lipid A as a safe and effective vaccine adjuvant. Cell Mol Life Sci. 65(20):3231-40.
3. Mata-Haro V. et al., 2007. The vaccine adjuvant monophosphoryl lipid A as a TRIF-biased agonist of TLR4. Science. 316(5831):1628-32.
4. Fransen F. et al., 2007. Agonists of Toll-like receptors 3, 4, 7, and 9 are candidates for use as adjuvants in an outer membrane vaccine against Neisseria meningitidis serogroup. Infect Immun. 75(12) :5939-46.
5. Rhee eG. et al., 2010. TLR4 Ligands Augment Antigen-Specific CD8+ T Lymphocyte Responses Elicited by a Viral Vaccine Vector. J. Virol. 84: 10413 - 10419.
6. Didierlaurent A. et al., 2009.AS04, an aluminum salt- and TLR4 agonist-based adjuvant system, induces a transient localized innate immune response leading to enhanced adaptive immunity. J Immunol 183(10): 6186-97.
The vaccine adjuvant MPLA activates glycolytic metabolism in mouse mDC by a JNK-dependent activation of mTOR-signaling.
Impact of the Charge Ratio on the In Vivo Immunogenicity of Lipoplexes.
A nano particle vector comprised of poly lactic-co-glycolic acid and monophosphoryl lipid A and recombinant Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis peptides stimulate a pro-immune profile in bovine macrophages.
Role of heterogeneous cell population on modulation of dendritic cell phenotype and activation of CD8 T cells for use in cell-based immunotherapies.
Dáňová K, Klapetková A, Kayserová J, Šedivá A, Špíšek R, Jelínková LP.
Mammalian cell-derived respiratory syncytial virus-like particles protect the lower as well as the upper respiratory tract.
Walpita P, Johns LM, Tandon R, Moore ML.
Controlled analysis of nanoparticle charge on mucosal and systemic antibody responses following pulmonary immunization.
Fromen CA, Robbins GR, Shen TW, Kai MP, Ting JP, DeSimone JM.


As with my earlier post CQWP #1: Aggregating items from the last 7 days, it is sometimes a requirement to configure the Content Query Web Part beyond that which is possible through the UI and the browser. One such example of this is configuring the CQWP to aggregate items from different content types.
The recommended approach here is to use parent/child relationships for the content types if possible. For example it could be possible to have a parent content type inheriting from the out-of-the-box Document content type called Project Document. Then any actual project documents where a content type is required could inherit from this, such as a word Project Information Document or an excel Financial Tracking Spreadsheet.
The screenshots below shown an example of a modified CQWP returning items from different content types (indicated by simply naming the items after the content type!), and a section of the modified properties of the web part.
Thanks Craig Can you please provide me example as i need to Query to different content type from two different list.


If you don't know where you're heading, you'll never know when you get there or whether you're on track. Setting the right goals for digital marketing isn't so easy, but our RACE framework should help you select the right goals.
Specific - Can the detail in the information sufficient to pinpoint problems or opportunities?
Measurable - Can a quantitative or qualitative attribute be applied to create a metric?
Actionable - Can the information be used to improve performance?
Relevant - Can the information be applied to the specific problem faced by the manager?
Time-related - Can the information be viewed through time to identify trends?
Of course different people interpret define SMART differently.


text:
Uses of radio - Maritime, telegraph to AM
Early uses were maritime, for sending telegraphic messages using Morse code between ships and land. The earliest users included the Japanese Navy scouting the Russian fleet during the Battle of Tsushima in 1905. One of the most memorable uses of marine telegraphy was during the sinking of the RMS Titanic in 1912, including communications between operators on the sinking ship and nearby vessels, and communications to shore stations listing the survivors
Read More at http://www.dxinginfo.com/radio-use.html
and at http://www.dxinginfo.com/radio-use-extended.html
AM broadcasting :: Radio @ DXing Info
Invention of Radio

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


The College of Engineering offers a variety of work environments for students working on course-related projects. These spaces range from completely open-access areas to those that require intensive training for access. The areas listed below are structured to provide you the tools necessary to complete successively more complicated projects as you move through the curriculum in the College.
The CD+IS in Driftmier 329 is an open-access space for all students to utilize for collaborative student projects. A variety of resources are available in the Studio including high-power workstations, two small-group meeting rooms, a large collaborative space, and a 3D printing and digitizing (2D and 3D) work area. Presentation tools include Apple TV-enabled projectors and monitors. A vast whiteboard wall is available for brainstorming, calculating, and planning.
The Student Fabrication Center is a brand new work area in rooms 225 and 230 of the Driftmier Engineering Center. The College developed these areas for students working on a wide variety of project types – from design to prototyping, fabrication, and testing. The Fabrication Center's areas are access-restricted. Students must take a training session to learn the basics to gain access the two main areas, the Design Workspace and the Digital Fabrication Shop. Within both spaces, sub-areas containing specialized tools and equipment require additional training for access.
► For a list of tools available, click here.
The Design Workspace offers space, tools, and equipment for the initial stages of design projects. The workspace includes workbenches, storage areas, 3D printing capabilities, hand tools, power tools, electronics fabrication tools and more to support student projects. The Design Workspace is also home to the College's Technology Lending Program, a program that offers a variety of tools for students to check-out on a limited-term basis.
The Digital Fabrication Shop takes fabrication a few steps beyond was is possible in the Design Workspace. Bigger, more powerful tools and equipment are available to take designs and make them real. The Fabrication Shop includes number wood- and metal-working tools (saws, drill presses, welders, benders) and digital fabrication tools (laser cutter, Shopbot, PCB mill, lathe, mill). Most of these tools are in controlled-access cages for which additional training is required to gain access. In addition to these tools are all manner of hand and power tools. Storage carts and work surfaces abound. If you can dream it, you can build it here. A small, 6-workstation computer lab is planned for the Shop, as well.
Welding, stainless steel, mild steel, and aluminum. We can also braze and solder a variety of materials.
The College's Design and Fabrication labs are staffed and supported by an experienced Research and Instructional Support team including Dr. Roger Hilten, Lab Director; Troy Butler, Building Support Manager; and student worker Bryce Schuebert.
Our Team brings a combined 75 years of experience to support all manner of requests through a central support ticketing system at labsupport@engr.uga.edu.


TEHRAN (Reuters) - A Swiss utility has signed a natural gas purchase contract with Iran, the Swiss foreign minister said on Monday, a move that may irritate Washington as it seeks to isolate Tehran over its disputed nuclear plans.
Switzerland's Elektrizitaetsgesellschaft Laufenburg (EGL) last year said it had finalized a deal with the National Iranian Gas Export Company for the delivery of 5.5 billion cubic meters of gas per year to Europe through a pipeline scheduled to be complete in 2010.
The Swiss energy group at the time said the value of the 25-year deal was above 10 billion euros ($13.32 billion) and below 22 billion euros, depending on a number of factors such as the price of energy.
She said the deal was "important in a long-term perspective" for both sides and added it fully complied with U.N. Security Council resolutions imposing sanctions on the Islamic Republic over its nuclear program.
She said in Geneva on Sunday, before traveling to Tehran to sign the agreement, that it could help ease Europe's dependence on Russian gas.
Iran sits on the world's second-largest gas reserves after Russia, but analysts say politics, sanctions and construction delays have slowed the sector's development.
The United States has led international efforts to penalize Iran for failing to allay suspicions that it is seeking nuclear weapons and has been urging other countries to cut trade ties. Tehran says its nuclear program is purely civilian.
Washington has not had diplomatic ties with Tehran for almost 30 years. Switzerland handles U.S. interests in Iran.
Western firms have become more wary of investing in Iran because of the nuclear row with the West that has led to three sets of U.N. sanctions.
In contrast, energy-hungry Asian countries and companies have proved less sensitive and Iran has over the last few months signed deals with Chinese, Indonesian, Malaysian and Vietnamese firms.


I am pleased to introduce myself to you as the new chair of the Department of Philosophy, and to bring you this edition of LOGOS, our annual effort to keep you informed about and connected to our work here. Our department is very lucky to have had a series of unusually talented and successful chairs since I arrived in 1995. I take my place in this impressive line-up full of confidence that I can lower the expectations for my successor.
These pages report on events in the department over the last year, and describe some of the activities and accomplishments of our faculty and students. This year for the first time LOGOS also includes some philosophy. Two of our colleagues kindly agreed to write short articles about their work for this edition. Whether you have been keeping up with philosophy in recent years, or remembering it only vaguely (though fondly, always fondly), I hope that you will enjoy the opportunity to read about some of the work being done at The Ohio State University right now.
Brian McLean, a graduate student in our department, offers a thoughtful critique of David Benatar's influential anti-natalist argument against bringing children into the world. Benatar argues that we are committed by some moral convictions we all share to the surprising claim that it is better for a person not to exist than to exist. On this basis he argues that there is a powerful moral reason against reproducing—that would be bringing someone into existence, which would be worse for her. Brian lays out Benatar's interesting arguments very clearly, and then argues (convincingly, I think) that Benatar's troubling conclusion does not actually follow from the commitments on which he tried to ground them. This is good news for the parents among us.
In another piece written especially for your delectation, Professor Julia Jorati describes a puzzle about how to understand Leibniz's views on Freedom. Leibniz seems to have thought that some human actions are free, and that in order to be free an action must be contingent. But he also thought that everything about us, including what we do, is in some sense necessary. Given that you exist at all, you had to read this very sentence, according to Leibniz. In what sense, then, could it be contingent that you did so, and thus in what sense can you be free? Read Julia's fascinating piece for a way of understanding the text that answers these questions.
A sad piece of news from the past year is the death of Lee Brown. Many of you will remember taking classes from Lee, who retired from the department some time ago but remained in Columbus until he passed away this year. As Daniel Farrell's remembrance explains, Lee was a charming and erudite man, and a cherished friend to many of us.
Other articles here describe some of the highlight events of the 2013-14 academic year. They tell you a little about the people at the center of those events, such as our featured undergraduate, Brandon Sadowsky. Brandon won the Bingham Award, an annual award first offered in 1918, for the best paper by an undergraduate student, for an excellent paper about the nature of blame. Reading through the other stories here will give you a sense of the range and depth of our department's contributions to philosophical scholarship and discourse, and will let you catch up with former teachers and friends. We continue to be an intellectually vibrant department with a great range of reading groups, conferences and visiting speakers engaging us in philosophical discussion on a wide variety of issues.
Philosophy as a discipline has a real problem with gender imbalance, and it is important to change this. I am very glad to see women in our department thriving and supporting each other's work in this way. One of my aspirations for the years ahead is to increase the representation of women in the ranks of the faculty and the students. That will not be easy, but it is very important to our progress as a department and as a discipline.
This is a difficult time for philosophy departments in general, and for our department at Ohio State in particular. While I understand and applaud the national emphasis on the importance of STEM disciplines and education, I worry that politicians and university administrators too easily lose sight of the value of philosophical education.
I firmly believe that philosophy is unmatched in teaching people to reason and express themselves clearly on any subject, and that it is an intrinsically valuable human activity that needs to be available for study for those people who care about it. But our faculty has shrunken in recent years, and our budget has been cut in ways that compromise our ability to deliver these goods to the student body here at Ohio State. It seems clear that we cannot count on general university funds to solve these problems in the current budget climate.
If you have the capacity and inclination to make a contribution to this department's mission, we would be especially grateful for a gift this year. No gift is too small to be helpful. You can contribute online here or get in touch with me to discuss other ways to contribute.
Whether or not you are able and inclined to contribute financially, please stay in touch. I very much want to hear from alumni of this department, and to learn about what you have done with your degree in philosophy. Our current students want to know these stories, which help to give them a sense of the different paths that might be open to them.
I feel very lucky to have enjoyed eighteen years of writing and teaching philosophy here, thanks to the great students and people in this department. I look forward to continuing that while I take my turn at the administrative work that I have gratefully left to others until now. That work would be enlivened by getting better acquainted with some of the people who have been touched by this department. So please get in touch to share your stories or to hear about ours. And if you are ever in Columbus, consider visiting the department and chatting with some of us.


Young readers are introduced to a pup and its pod at the zoo. Whether basking in the noonday sun or swiftly swimming, seals are a favorite zoo animal to visit. Simple text is supported by bright, detailed photographs. Features such as a words-to-know section, a website list, and a more books to read list support newly learned information and encourage further study.


The UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center Development and Communications office is open Monday through Friday, 8 a.m. – 5 p.m ET. The office of Development and Communications is on the second floor of the UNC Lineberger building, located at 450 West Drive in Chapel Hill, NC. To contact our office, please call 919-966-5905.


text:
The FIS Nordic World Ski Championships 1974 took place 16–24 February 1974 in Falun, Sweden. This was the second time this city hosted the event having done so in 1954. The women's 3 × 5 km relay changed to a 4 × 5 km relay at these championships. Magne Myrmo's gold medal in the 15 km race, was the last international cross-country championship medal won using wooden skis. Two years later, at the 1976 Winter Olympics, all competitors used skis made of fiberglass.

Men's cross-country

15 km
19 February 1974

30 km
17 February 1974

50 km
24 February 1974

4 × 10 km relay
21 February 1974

Women's cross-country

5 km
18 February 1974

10 km
20 February 1974

4 × 5 km relay
23 February 1974

Men's Nordic combined

Individual
17–18 February 1974

Men's ski jumping

Individual normal hill
16 February 1974

Individual large hill
23 February 1974

Medal table

References

FIS 1974 Cross country results
FIS 1974 Nordic combined results
FIS 1974 Ski jumping results
Results from German Wikipedia

External links
The event at SVT's open archive

FIS Nordic World Ski Championships
Nordic Skiing
1974 in Nordic combined
1974 in Swedish sport
February 1974 sports events in Europe
Nordic skiing competitions in Sweden
Sports competitions in Falun

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
This mineral could save the Earth from global warming
Anthony Scaramucci warns Trump will lose his support if racist attacks continue
Rep. Ilhan Omar quotes Maya Angelou in a powerful rebuke to Trump rally attacks
House GOP vice chair says he 'struggled with' the 'send her back' chants at Trump's rally
Seth Meyers mocks Republicans who would rather hide in elevators than criticize Trump
After raising rates, Netflix reports first-ever drop in U.S. subscribers
Most people agree that climate change is a huge problem for the modern world. And for many, stopping the warming of the Earth — let alone reversing the damage that has already been done — seems impossible.
But maybe not for much longer.
A group of scientists from Trent University in Ontario, Canada, have discovered a way to use a naturally-occurring mineral to tackle one of the biggest culprits behind climate change: carbon dioxide. The buildup of it and other greenhouse gases in our atmosphere are what causes the Earth's temperature to rise. But the formation of magnesite, a mineral comprised of magnesium, oxygen, and carbon, has the power to take that harmful carbon dioxide back out of our atmosphere, Popular Mechanics reported.
On its own, magnesite forms incredibly slowly in nature — it can take up to hundreds or even thousands of years, Newsweek explained. But this team of researchers has created a method to form the mineral in just 72 days. The process is sustainable and "extremely energy efficient," said Ian Power, the project leader, in a statement at the Goldschmidt Conference, an international conference on the field of geochemistry.
Of course, forming magnesite in a lab is still a far cry from actually deploying it to fight climate change, Inverse reported. But reducing atmospheric carbon is seen as the single most powerful thing we can do to protect the Earth from worsening climate change — and this promising research may develop into a real strategy.
Read more about magnesite and the way it works at Popular Mechanics. Shivani Ishwar
knock it off
President Trump's former director of communications, Anthony Scaramucci, is downright begging him to knock it off with the racist attacks on minority congresswomen.
Scaramucci, who served in the White House for just 10 days in 2017, spoke to CNN's New Day on Thursday morning after previously denouncing Trump's tweets telling four minority congresswomen to "go back" to where they came from as "racist and unacceptable." At a rally on Wednesday, Trump'' supporters chanted "send her back" about one of the women he attacked, Rep. Ilhan Omar (D-Min..).
During the interview, Scaramucci implored elected Republicans to "pick up the phone and say, 'Hey, you should really knock this off'" to Trump, per Mediaite. He also predicted that if the president "continues on that path" with this apparent new strategy that is "against the idealistic values of America," a "glacier of support is going to break off and float away from him in a way that he doesn't fully understand." Asked if he will personally still support Trump in this scenario, Scaramucci responded, "No."
Recent polling has suggested Trump actually increased his support among Republicans in the immediate aftermath of his weekend tweets, with one poll showing that 57 percent of Republicans agreed with him.
At the same time, Scaramucci suggested he'll have to weigh who Trump's opponent is when making the decision to abandon him over what he considers to be blatant racism, telling CNN, "You also have to compare it to what you're going up against." At some point, though, Scaramucci said this will become a "moral question." Brendan Morrow
"What the President needs to know…if he continues on that path…[is that] a glacier of support is going to break off and float away from him in a way that he doesn't fully understand," @Scaramucci, on the impact of the President's words on his supporters. https://t.co/rs8zsAkFZV pic.twitter.com/CwZKTfIAOF
— New Day (@NewDay) July 18, 2019
the squad strikes back
Rep. Ilhan Omar (D-Minn.) didn't even dignify President Trump's rally attack with her own words.
At a Wednesday night presidential rally, Trump called out Omar by name and accused her of "launching vicious anti-Semitic screeds" during her time in office. That launched the crowd into chants of "send her back," echoing Trump's racist tweets against Omar and other Democrats earlier in the week. But instead of brashly fighting back, Omar responded to the rally attack with a bold quote from Maya Angelou.
You may shoot me with your words,
You may cut me with your eyes,
You may kill me with your hatefulness,
But still, like air, I'll rise.
-Maya Angelou https://t.co/46jcXSXF0B
— Ilhan Omar (@IlhanMN) July 18, 2019
The rally attack came after Trump on Sunday directed racist tweets at Omar and three other Democratic congresswomen, calling on them to "go back" to the countries they came from. Only Omar was not born in the U.S., but she became a citizen as a teenager. Kathryn Krawczyk
phrasing that's painful
Rep. Mark Walker (R-N.C.), the vice chair of the House Republican Conference, is pushing back — though only slightly — after President Trump's rally crowd chanted "send her back!" about a minority congresswoman.
Walker on Thursday tweeted that "I struggled with" the chant at Trump's Wednesday night rally, which came as the president repeated his attacks on Rep. Ilhan Omar (D-Minn.), one of the four minority congresswomen he told to "go back" to where she came from in a weekend tweet. Omar fled to the United States as a refugee from Somalia at a young age.
This language at the rally, Walker suggested, is "painful to our friends in the minority communities." At the same time, Walker didn't veer too far from Trump's talking points because in the same tweet he attacked Omar as someone who has "great disdain" for the United States.
Though it was brief, I struggled with the "send her back" chant tonight referencing Rep. Omar. Her history, words & actions reveal her great disdain for both America & Israel. That should be our focus and not phrasing that's painful to our friends in the minority communities.
— Rep. Mark Walker (@RepMarkWalker) July 18, 2019
Trump's weekend tweets drew some pushback from elected Republicans, while GOP leaders like House Minority Leader Kevin McCarthy (R-Calif.) and Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell (R-Ky.) defended him and argued he is not racist. On Thursday, Rep. Tom Emmer (R-Minn.) joined Walker in criticizing the chant by saying "there is no place for that" while defending Trump as someone who "does not have a racist bone in his body," reports Time's Alana Abramson.
Outside of elected officials, Matt Brooks, the executive director of the Republican Jewish Coalition, also called the chants "wrong" and "vile," adding that they "don't reflect who we are as Americans," while conservative Trump critic Bill Kristol tweeted that "'send her back' conservatism is not a conservatism worth defending." Brendan Morrow
Jiji Press / Getty Images
As many as 23 people have been killed, and dozens more injured, after an apparent arson attack on Kyoto Animation's studio in Japan.
Thirteen people have been confirmed dead and another 10 are presumed dead, with at least 36 people injured, after an attack on the popular animation studio's three-story building in Kyoto that had more than 70 people in it at the time, The Associated Press reports.
The fire began at about 10:30 a.m. local time after a man reportedly entered the building and spread a flammable liquid while shouting, "Die!", The New York Times reports. A 41-year-old man is in custody, and per the AP, he is not an employee. Kyoto Animation President Hideaki Hatta says the company had received threats, The Washington Post reports.
This attack, if 23 people are ultimately confirmed dead, would be Japan's deadliest mass killing since 19 people were killed in a knife attack in Tokyo in 2016, the AP writes. Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe on Thursday called the attack "so horrifying that I am at a loss for words," the Times reports, offering his "deepest condolences to the victims." Brendan Morrow
It wasn't all bad
This is an early 20th anniversary gift they'll never forget.
When the Camp Fire swept through Grass Valley, California, last fall, it completely destroyed Marc and Mary Taylor's home. All of their possessions were lost in the wildfire, including decades worth of photos. Hoping she could recover some of them, Mary Taylor got in touch with the photographer, Richard Briggs, who shot their wedding on August 14, 1999.
Briggs was thrilled when he started digging around and found the negatives, telling KCRA that usually, photographers don't keep them for so long. "Luckily, they were intact," he said. "They were a little faded. I bought a scanner and scanned them all. And my wife, she's excellent in editing, and she brought back the color and the life into the photos, and from those images, I was able to make an album." He can still recall the wedding, he added, and remembers thinking, "These people are so much in love."
The Taylors cried when Briggs gave them not only their wedding album, but also the negatives, as these are the only photos they've been able to replace. "It gave us a piece of something back after losing everything," Marc Taylor said. "I don't know how to explain it. There's no words." Catherine Garcia
last night on late night
On Wednesday's Late Night, Seth Meyers took to task Republican leaders who are insisting that President Trump's "latest racist comments are not at all racist, despite the fact the they are definitely super racist."
As everyone knows by now, on Sunday Trump tweeted that four Democratic congresswomen of color should "go back" to their "crime infested" home countries. Three of the women were born in the United States, and the fourth arrived as a refugee from Somalia and is now a naturalized citizen. "If their country is broken and crime infested, that's on you," Meyers said. "Trump accidentally burned himself. It's like if someone said, 'Man your parents must have really screwed you up,' and that someone was your mom."
Since posting the tweets, Trump has defended himself multiple times by accusing the women of saying "horrible things" and saying over and over again that anyone who isn't happy in the United States should leave. "Trump's brain disease won't let him backtrack, no matter how far over the line he goes," Meyers said. "If he says, 'I'm going to eat this apple,' and you said, 'Dude, that's an onion,' he would stand there and eat the whole thing with tears streaming down his face."
Most of Meyers' ire went beyond Trump to Republican lawmakers who are bending over backwards not to comment on the situation, and he played a montage of some senators who fled to elevators to avoid having to speak to reporters. He also singled out Acting White House Chief of Staff Mick Mulvaney, who was a congressman during the Obama administration. In the new book American Carnage, author Tim Alberta writes that in 2016, Mulvaney said Republicans would not let "Donald Trump dismantle the Bill of Rights," and bristled at the idea that their constant pushback against Obama was racist, saying they would treat a president of their own party the same way. That's just not true, Meyers said, as Republicans "are literally hiding in elevators to avoid criticizing Trump." Watch the video below. Catherine Garcia
not so great news for netflix
Lionel Bonaventure/AFP/Getty Images
Netflix stock fell more than 10 percent after the market closed Wednesday, following the company's announcement that for the first time since launching its digital service eight years ago, it saw a drop in U.S. subscribers.
In the second quarter, Netflix lost 126,000 paid U.S. subscribers, and also only added 2.7 million subscribers worldwide, far below the five million investors expected. With its hit show Stranger Things now streaming new episodes, Netflix expects to add more than seven million subscribers during the current quarter. Right now, there are more than 60 million U.S. subscribers.
The market is getting more and more crowded, with Disney Plus and HBO Max set to enter the streaming world soon. In 2020, Friends, the second-most watched show on Netflix last year, will only be available to U.S. and Canadian customers on HBO Max. The Office is also leaving Netflix next year, as the show's owner, NBCUniversal, agreed to pay $100 million a year for the next five years in order to have streaming rights. Catherine Garcia


The TGA Minimo car boot loading competition was a popular feature at Trade Days this year.
On stand TE100 at Trade Days (NEC, 25-26th September), TGA, the leading mobility scooter specialist, received healthy product orders and gave exclusive trade deals to winners of its Minimo car boot loading competition.
For the third successive year TGA has experienced a rewarding Trade Days exhibition. The event provided an excellent number of sales enquiries and invaluable networking opportunities. For the 2016 event TGA showcased its complete range of award-winning mobility scooters, wheelchairs and wheelchair powerpacks and also offered a fun time trial competition. This challenge involved retailers testing their skills at folding and loading TGA's compact and lightweight Minimo mobility scooter into a mocked-up car boot. All retailers who entered and finished in the top five won further Minimo and Minimo Plus discounts in addition to the impressive range of TGA deals on offer. They also won a pop-up graphic banner to assist with point-of-sale promotion. The fastest time to load the Minimo was an amazing 3.52 seconds and was recorded by Dan Griffiths from Easy Living Mobility.
Tim Ross, TGA National Sales Manager commented: "The TGA car boot loading challenge was a popular feature - a bit of fun for retailers and an opportunity to win even more exclusive deals and discounts. There was a large number of times recorded under 10 seconds which proved how easy it is to fold, lift and load our Minimo into a car boot. These features have resulted in the product being very popular with end users - we have seen trade orders increase by 45% this year. We are delighted the Minimo and Minimo Plus are performing so well on the high street and continuing to offer healthy stable margins for retailers. When levering the Minimo on a bumper, end users only need to lift 9.9kg so strain-free handling is assured - enhanced by the new optional lifting handle. This means owners or carers with restricted mobility can still independently lift the Minimo when out in the car or easily load onto buses, trains and planes. Well done to Dan from Easy Living Mobility for recording the quickest time, faster than we ever thought possible!"
Alongside the busy competition area and business meeting zone, the TGA stand showcased a wide variety of models from the TGA range. These included the recently introduced StrongBack wheelchair with contoured backrest, new-look wheelchair powerpacks and limited edition dark grey Breeze S4 with rigid canopy. This canopy with optional flexible sides has generated significant sales for retailers, especially through the Motability scheme, as it delivers a durable all-weather solution with better visibility than traditional vinyl canopies.
Tim Ross, TGA National Sales Manager concludes: "Interest was high with our limited edition Breeze S4 and the new winning combination of our lightweight StrongBack wheelchair and established powerpack range. Our Area Sales Managers were busy throughout the two days networking with business contacts and talking to existing and potential scooter dealerships. Our structured range of early-bird show discounts worked well and helped us achieve significant orders on the morning of day one. All-in-all a good show meaning we will be back for 2017."


text:
package com.signalfx.codahale.util;

import java.lang.management.GarbageCollectorMXBean;
import java.lang.management.ManagementFactory;
import java.lang.management.MemoryMXBean;
import java.lang.management.RuntimeMXBean;
import java.lang.management.ThreadMXBean;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Set;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

import com.codahale.metrics.Gauge;
import com.codahale.metrics.MetricRegistry;

/**
 * Report a basic set of JVM metrics to SignalFx.
 *
 * @author psi
 *
 */
public class BasicJvmMetrics {
    /**
     * Report JVM uptime (milliseconds).
     */
    public final Gauge<Long> uptimeGauge;
    /**
     * Reports total memory used by the JVM heap (bytes).
     */
    public final Gauge<Long> totalMemoryGauge;
    /**
     * Reports current in-use memory in the JVP heap (bytes).
     */
    public final Gauge<Long> usedMemoryGauge;
    /**
     * Reports maximum size of JVM heap (bytes).
     */
    public final Gauge<Long> maxMemoryGauge;
    /**
     * Reports current CPU load (percent, normalized by number of CPUs available to the JVM.
     */
    public final Gauge<Double> cpuLoadGauge;
    /**
     * Reports total number of user and daemon threads.
     */
    public final Gauge<Integer> totalThreadCountGauge;
    /**
     * Reports number of daemon threads.
     */
    public final Gauge<Integer> daemonThreadCountGauge;
    /**
     * Reports total time spent in garbage collection (nanoseconds).
     */
    public final Gauge<Long> gcTimeGauge;
    /**
     * Reports number of young-generation garbage collections.
     */
    public final Gauge<Long> gcYoungCountGauge;
    /**
     * Reports number of old-generation garbage collections.
     */
    public final Gauge<Long> gcOldCountGauge;
    /**
     * Reports current GC load (percent, normalized by number of CPUs available to the JVM.
     */
    public final Gauge<Double> gcLoadGauge;

    private final RuntimeMXBean runtimeBean;
    private final MemoryMXBean memoryBean;
    private final ThreadMXBean threadBean;
    private final List<GarbageCollectorMXBean> oldGenGcBeans = new ArrayList<GarbageCollectorMXBean>();
    private final List<GarbageCollectorMXBean> youngGenGcBeans = new ArrayList<GarbageCollectorMXBean>();
    private final List<GarbageCollectorMXBean> allGcBeans = new ArrayList<GarbageCollectorMXBean>();

    // observed name of the old generation memory pool.
    private static final String OLD_GEN_POOL_NAME = "PS Old Gen";

    /**
     * Construct the basic JVM metrics using a supplied SignalFx MetricFactory.
     *
     * @param metricRegistry The registry to give these metrics to
     */
    public BasicJvmMetrics(MetricRegistry metricRegistry) {

        runtimeBean = ManagementFactory.getRuntimeMXBean();
        memoryBean = ManagementFactory.getMemoryMXBean();
        threadBean = ManagementFactory.getThreadMXBean();

        for (GarbageCollectorMXBean gcBean : ManagementFactory.getGarbageCollectorMXBeans()) {
            allGcBeans.add(gcBean);

            Set<String> poolNames = new HashSet<String>(Arrays.asList(gcBean.getMemoryPoolNames()));

            if (poolNames.contains(OLD_GEN_POOL_NAME)) {
                // We'll count garbage collectors managing the OLD_GEN_POOL_NAME as 'old generation'
                oldGenGcBeans.add(gcBean);
            } else {
                // and all others as 'young generation'
                youngGenGcBeans.add(gcBean);
            }
        }

        this.uptimeGauge = createPeriodicGauge(metricRegistry, "jvm.uptime", new UptimeCallback());

        this.totalMemoryGauge = createPeriodicGauge(metricRegistry, "jvm.heap.size",
            new TotalMemoryCallback());

        this.usedMemoryGauge = createPeriodicGauge(metricRegistry, "jvm.heap.used",
            new UsedMemoryCallback());

        this.maxMemoryGauge = createPeriodicGauge(metricRegistry, "jvm.heap.max",
            new MaxMemoryCallback());

        this.cpuLoadGauge = createDoublePeriodicGauge(metricRegistry, "jvm.cpu.load", new CpuLoadCallback());

        this.totalThreadCountGauge = createIntegerPeriodicGauge(metricRegistry, "jvm.threads.total",
            new TotalThreadCountCallback());

        this.daemonThreadCountGauge = createIntegerPeriodicGauge(metricRegistry, "jvm.threads.daemon",
            new DaemonThreadCountCallback());

        this.gcTimeGauge = createPeriodicGauge(metricRegistry, "jvm.gc.time", new GcTimeCallback());

        this.gcLoadGauge = createDoublePeriodicGauge(metricRegistry, "jvm.gc.load", new GcLoadCallback());

        this.gcYoungCountGauge = createPeriodicGauge(metricRegistry, "jvm.gc.young.count",
            new GcCountCallback(youngGenGcBeans));

        this.gcOldCountGauge = createPeriodicGauge(metricRegistry, "jvm.gc.old.count",
            new GcCountCallback(oldGenGcBeans));
    }

    private Gauge<Long> createPeriodicGauge(MetricRegistry metricRegistry, String name,
                                              Gauge<Long> gauge) {
        return metricRegistry.register(name, gauge);
    }

    private Gauge<Integer> createIntegerPeriodicGauge(MetricRegistry metricRegistry, String name,
            Gauge<Integer> gauge) {
        return metricRegistry.register(name, gauge);
    }

    private Gauge<Double> createDoublePeriodicGauge(MetricRegistry metricRegistry, String name,
                                              Gauge<Double> gauge) {
        return metricRegistry.register(name, gauge);
    }

    private class UptimeCallback implements Gauge<Long> {
        @Override
        public Long getValue() {
            return runtimeBean.getUptime();
        }
    }

    private class TotalMemoryCallback implements Gauge<Long> {
        @Override
        public Long getValue() {
            return memoryBean.getHeapMemoryUsage().getCommitted();
        }
    }

    private class UsedMemoryCallback implements Gauge<Long> {
        @Override
        public Long getValue() {
            return memoryBean.getHeapMemoryUsage().getUsed();
        }
    }

    private class MaxMemoryCallback implements Gauge<Long> {
        @Override
        public Long getValue() {
            return memoryBean.getHeapMemoryUsage().getMax();
        }
    }

    private class TotalThreadCountCallback implements Gauge<Integer> {
        @Override
        public Integer getValue() {
            return threadBean.getThreadCount();
        }
    }

    private class DaemonThreadCountCallback implements Gauge<Integer> {
        @Override
        public Integer getValue() {
            return threadBean.getDaemonThreadCount();
        }
    }

    private class GcTimeCallback implements Gauge<Long> {
        @Override
        public Long getValue() {
            long total = 0;
            for (GarbageCollectorMXBean gcBean : allGcBeans) {
                long sample = gcBean.getCollectionTime();
                if (sample > 0) {
                    total += sample;
                }
            }
            return total;
        }
    }

    private static class GcCountCallback implements Gauge<Long> {
        final private List<GarbageCollectorMXBean> gcBeans;

        private GcCountCallback(List<GarbageCollectorMXBean> gcBeans) {
            this.gcBeans = gcBeans;
        }

        @Override
        public Long getValue() {
            long total = 0;
            for (GarbageCollectorMXBean gcBean : gcBeans) {
                long sample = gcBean.getCollectionCount();
                if (sample > 0) {
                    total += sample;
                }
            }
            return total;
        }
    }

    private abstract class LoadCallback<T> implements Gauge<Double> {
        private static final int PERCENT = 100;

        private long previousTime;
        private double previousValue;
        private Map<T, Long> samples = new HashMap<T, Long>();
        private final TimeUnit timeUnit;

        LoadCallback(TimeUnit timeUnit) {
            this.previousTime = 0;
            this.previousValue = 0;
            this.timeUnit = timeUnit;
        }

        protected abstract Map<T, Long> getSamples();

        private long computeDelta(Map<T, Long> newSamples) {
            long delta = 0;

            for (Map.Entry<T, Long> entry : newSamples.entrySet()) {
                T key = entry.getKey();
                Long sample = entry.getValue();
                if (sample < 0) {
                    // not valid for this key
                } else {
                    Long previous = samples.get(key);
                    if (previous == null) {
                        delta += sample;  // first sample
                    } else {
                        delta += sample - previous;
                    }
                }
            }
            samples = newSamples;

            return delta;
        }

        @Override
        public Double getValue() {
            long time = runtimeBean.getUptime();
            long deltaTime = time - previousTime;

            if (deltaTime < 100) {
                return previousValue;
            }

            Map<T, Long> samples = getSamples();

            long deltaLoad = computeDelta(samples);

            previousValue = (double) PERCENT * timeUnit.toNanos(deltaLoad)
                / TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.toNanos(deltaTime)
                / Runtime.getRuntime().availableProcessors();

            previousTime = time;

            return previousValue;
        }
    }

    // com.sun.management.OperatingSystemMXBean has a getProcessCpuTime()
    // but java.lang.management.OperatingSystemMXBean does not
    private class CpuLoadCallback extends LoadCallback<Long> {
        CpuLoadCallback() {
            super(TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS);
        }

        @Override
        protected Map<Long, Long> getSamples() {
            Map<Long, Long> samples = new HashMap<Long, Long>();
            for (long threadId : threadBean.getAllThreadIds()) {
                samples.put(threadId, threadBean.getThreadCpuTime(threadId));
            }
            return samples;
        }
    }

    // factor stuff out of this and CpuLoadCallback
    private class GcLoadCallback extends LoadCallback<String> {
        GcLoadCallback() {
            super(TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
        }

        @Override
        protected Map<String, Long> getSamples() {
            Map<String, Long> samples = new HashMap<String, Long>();
            for (GarbageCollectorMXBean gcBean : allGcBeans) {
                samples.put(gcBean.getName(), gcBean.getCollectionTime());
            }
            return samples;
        }
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Portland's typical weather conditions might damage your painting through the years. Beautiful improvement of your home is simple as a painting job. The skilled painters from Anthony Rene Lintz are proud to give a totally free quote to any home owners in Portland, contact them to make yours now at 5038109185. Knowledgeable painters with Anthony Rene Lintz will make your home remodeling complete. Residents can depend on the painters with Anthony Rene Lintz to conduct building painting with the maximum dependability and skills offered around Portland. You can count on their accessories and material to be high quality. Painting can frequently be essential to residence upgrade service throughout Portland. At this organization, the assortment of services simply is unmatched. The specialists at this agency would complete anything ranging from pvc fence installation to pvc fence installation using the speed and effectiveness you want. Their pvc fence installation is consistently reasonable, quick, and resilient. Anthony Rene Lintz will accomplish each of your necessities when it comes to painting and improve your home's aesthetics. This agency offers completely thorough and skilled pvc fence installation throughout Portland. This firm carries the widest spectrum of services out there. 5624 N Missouri Ave, Portland is where homeowners may get a hold of the agency's associates. Dedication to complete happiness distinguishes their technicians as better than any competitor. A residential remodeling simply isn't completed until expert painters are involved. Individuals can count on tasks such as pvc fence installation from this team to leave them content. Families within Portland can expect the best quality final results by acquiring painters experts. Anthony Rene Lintz's top mission is bringing total approval to all their consumers. Boost your home upgrading plan with the painting technicians at Anthony Rene Lintz. With their teams of technicians, a focus on individual desires is needed. The weather conditions throughout Portland make it important to uphold your painting. People have to account for Portland's environment damagingpainting.
This agency boasts the greatest craftsmanship on any project including pvc fence installation and pvc fence installation. Experienced painters will make a major difference on home remodeling around Portland. To make your household improvement within Portland a comprehensive triumph, don't forget to hire painters with Anthony Rene Lintz. For top level pvc fence installation and alternate pvc fence installation services, rely on this agency. A spectacular client relationship is the biggest goal for personnel at this agency. Their workers have got all the experience and competence needed to do your pvc fence installation work. No matter what your pvc fence installation needs are, their technicians possess the understanding and mastery you deserve. Anthony Rene Lintz specialists near Portland are trained to protect your property's painting from just about any weather. Make sure you look around their web site to explore the many services that the painters with Anthony Rene Lintz of Portland, OR present. Any maintenance of this organization is absolutely the greatest quality outcomes on the market. Their business is often acknowledged by the customers. Individuals must handle your painting through the harsh temperatures within Portland. Homeowners throughout Portland have profited by getting their pvc fence installation wants taken care of by this business. Anthony Rene Lintz has specialized in defending painting from the climate in Portland. Employing this firm to install pvc fencing is just a smart choice. Your home shall be more attractive after Anthony Rene Lintz technicians finish your painting assignment. Your exquisite household is deserving of stunning painting, which Anthony Rene Lintz's personnel around Portland invariably deliver. Personnel from this company are extensively trained in the exact means of pvc fence installation and pvc fence installation. The professional contractors from Anthony Rene Lintz have fulfilled painting all over the 97217 region. Their contractors help families throughout Portland develop their perfect home. With regards to pvc fence installation and pvc fence installation, no one is more seasoned than their contractors. The largest range of pvc fence installation work availableanywhere is available from this business. This crew accomplishes any work you might think of that are connected with pvc fence installations.


There were moments when it appeared as if Sidney Crosby would take control. Bewitched, bothered and perhaps even bewildered (probably not) by the swarming coverage he faced at both ends of the ice, No. 87 took command with a grinding down-low shift midway through the second period that appeared to kickstart a Penguins team that had spent more time berating the officials than playing the Islanders.
But moments, that in fact were relatively few and far between, weren't enough in Friday's Game 2 at a Coliseum that rocked while the Islanders rolled to a 3-1 victory and a 2-0 lead in this first round that picks up in Pittsburgh on Sunday afternoon.
You can make the argument that in winning the opening two, the Islanders have merely held serve. But these 124:34 have reinforced the notion that they are the better team, recent postseason history be damned. And if you want some not-so-recent postseason history, there is this: The Islanders had not led a series 2-0 since their 1983 sweep of the Oilers in the finals that produced the fourth straight Cup.
The Islanders had the better of it in the one-on-one's. They put the puck in well-placed areas on their dump-ins while creating a minefield through which the Penguins had to maneuver the full 200 time and again. And when the game moved from tight spaces into open areas, the Islanders were the quicker and crisper team.
Crosby had the puck more than he did in Wednesday's 4-3 overtime first game. Analytically, he had a pretty good night with a 64-percent Corsi rating (16/9) in 12:43 of five-on-five time while matched most often against Brock Nelson and Casey Cizikas up front and almost exclusively against the Adam Pelech-Ryan Pulock defense pair.
But while No. 87 did deliver a couple of nifty set-ups, he could never quite power or finesse his way into open ice around Robin Lehner's net. He had only one shot (on one attempt). For a second straight game, Crosby was contained by an Islanders team that was relentless in its pursuit and doggedly efficient in its own end.
This was a nasty one. Evgeni Malkin and Kris Letang, two of the filthiest players around (double meaning), took as many cheap shots as they could. The lack of discipline cost the Penguins. But the Islanders were unable to take advantage, failing to score on their first five power plays including a 54-second five-on-three early in the second period. Soon after, Erik Gudbranson drove a 45-footer past Lehner and the Penguins had their first lead of the series at 10:36 of the second period.
It didn't last long, however, with Anthony Beauvillier slamming home a rebound at 13:25 off a two-on-one rush with Mathew Barzal. Jordan Eberle, a pending free agent, got the winner with a nifty backhand at 7:54, driving to the net from the right corner off a Barzal feed and beating Murray after making both Jack Johnson and Justin Schultz look silly. Josh Bailey's PPG at 11:38 salted it.
The Penguins will have the last match Sunday and for Tuesday's Game 4. Their coach, Mike Sullivan, will surely try to get Crosby on against Barzal, a match Barry Trotz has avoided for all but 1:45 over the last five periods. The Islanders have won twice, but they haven't done anything yet.
The heavy lifting is still to come. But the Islanders look like they can handle the weight.


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text:
Генна́дий Гаври́лович Конько́в () — красноармеец, участник Великой Отечественной войны, Герой Советского Союза (1943).

Биография
Геннадий Коньков родился в 1922 году в селе Сухая Терёшка (ныне —  Ульяновской области). Получил начальное образование. После окончания школы работал курьером, наладчиком станков и пом мастера на фабрике «Красные Ткачи» в одноимённом посёлке Ярославской области.  В 1942 году Коньков был призван на службу в Рабоче-крестьянскую Красную Армию. С июля 1943 года — на фронтах Великой Отечественной войны. Участвовал в Курской битве. К сентябрю 1943 года гвардии красноармеец Геннадий Коньков был пулемётчиком гвардейского отдельного учебного батальона 73-й гвардейской стрелковой дивизии 7-й гвардейской армии Степного фронта. Отличился во время битвы за Днепр.

25 сентября 1943 года взвод Конькова одним из первых переправился через Днепр в районе села Бородаевка Верхнеднепровского района Днепропетровской области Украинской ССР и принял активное участие в боях на плацдарме на его западном берегу. В тех боях он уничтожил около 50 солдат и офицеров, а также подбил танк. 7 октября Коньков оказался отрезанным от основных сил и в одиночку вёл бой. Получивший тяжёлые ранения Коньков был вынесен с поля боя, но вскоре скончался. Похоронен в Бородаевке.

Указом Президиума Верховного Совета СССР от 26 октября 1943 года за «успешное форсирование Днепра и удержание плацдарма на правом берегу» гвардии красноармеец Геннадий Коньков посмертно был удостоен высокого звания Героя Советского Союза. Также посмертно был награждён орденом Ленина.

В честь Конькова названы улицы в Красных Ткачах и в селе Сухая Терешка Ульяновской области.

Примечания

Литература

 Герои огненных лет. — Ярославль: Верхне-Волжское кн. изд-во, 1985.

Участники Курской битвы
Участники битвы за Днепр
Умершие от ран
Похороненные в Верхнеднепровском районе


Information on how the Beatles wrote the lyrics to their songs on the Sgt Peppers Lonely Hearts Club Band album can be found below.
Find out how the lyrics to the A day In The Life song by the beatles were written.
The beatles A day in the life song is the combination of two songs written separately, one by John Lennon and the other by Paul McCartney. It is considered by many people to be the best song that the Beatles ever wrote.
John Lennon's original song was inspired by headlines from newspapers such as '4000 holes in Blackburn'; the newspaper article did not mention that this was enough to fill the Albert Hall; this was inspired by John's friend Terry Doran.
Other parts of John's song mentioned the part he played in the film 'How I won the war' in which "the English army had just won the war". The opening line of A day in the life refers to a "a lucky man who blew his mind out in a car" this line refers to the socialite Tara Browne who stood to inherit a million pounds but died in a car crash at the age of 21; though Tara didn't die in the way described in the a day in the life song.
Paul McCartneys lyrical contribution to the a day in the life were of his typical bright style and told the story of getting up in the morning and heading off to school. The song makes up the interlude between the second and third verses of a day in the life.
Due to references about smoking, dreams, drug references and being turned on in the lyrics the 'A day in the life' song was banned from being played on the radio in many countries. John Lennon has been quoted as saying that many of the lyrics to the Beatles a day in the life song were written to be provocative and many of the lyrics refer to smoking grass; it is interesting that many of the lyrics of sgt pepper songs are thought to be about drugs, especially Lucy in the sky with diamonds and fixing a hole, yet A day in the life is the only song that they freely admit references the subject.
The introduction of a day in life is played by george and Paul on the piano with John doing the vocals. The middle section has paul on vocals. The british version of the song is closely followed by an eight second long tone of 20,000 Hz that only dogs can hear.
John Lennon: Lead Vocals, Acoustic guitar, Piano.
Paul McCartney: Lead vocals, Piano, Bass guitar.


text:
Atrocities on Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes: Prevention and Implementation
Sikligar, P.C.
Autonomy Movements in Federal India
Singh, Bhupinder
A-Z Criminology
Dwivedi, Banshi Dhar
B.R. Ambedkar: Man and His Vision
Yadav, Rajkumar
Backward Class Reservation and Concept of Creamy Layer
Gupta, Pallavi (Dr.)
This book relates to reservational justice to be ensured to the backward classes of the society and clinches various issues relating to reservational ..
Backward Classes in India: Various Dimensions
Sinha, Sushil Kumar
One of the major segment of Indian society is OBCs, which are diverse in nature and constitute approximately half of the Indian Population. Without un ..
Backward Communities: Identity, Development and Transformation
Pant, V.K. & et. al. (Eds.)
Tribal Sociological studies: papers presented at a National Seminar on "Backward Communities: Identity Development, and Transformation" held on 15th-1 ..
Bal Vikas evam Shiksha Sandarshika / Child Development and Educational Guidance (in Hindi)
Shrivastava, Pramila
Bangladesh: The Price of Freedom
Rai, Raghu
In early 1971, when negotiations for an autonomous East Bengalbroke down, brutalities against the citizens of erstwhile EastPakistan led to a mass exo ..
Basaveshwara and Human Rights
Palekar, S.A.
Basaveshwara is a great socio-political thinker of medieval period. ..
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Religious Conversion in Ancient India / Benjamin, B.N. (Dr.)
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Changing Societies of North East: Socio-Legal Perspectives / Das, Ranga Ranjan (Dr.)
Contemporary Research Trends and Culture, Society, Economy and Polity of Manipur / Singh, Aheibam Koireng
Ecotourism on Village Economy and Society in Sikkim / Chandy, Binu Thomas
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This is why I never tire of painting. Each one is a journey and even if you paint the same subject matter numerous times they can still take on a life of their own. Once I am inspired to paint scene I go about it with my usual technical aspects of creating a painting but then, as if switching gears, the process of painting seems to move on from the technical side and on to a more creative side that gives the painting a mood or feeling. I know that may sound hokey, but I honestly think that is what inspires me to pick up a brush year after year. Of course some paintings don't turn out well, or I get complete "painter's block" on occasion, but after many years I have learned to enjoy the process or journey whatever the outcome.


text:
T 2257/18 (Optimizing website visitor actions/SITESPECT) of 16.4.2021
G06F 17/30
Decision text in EN (PDF, 369 KB)
System and method for optimizing website visitor actions
Sitespect, Inc.
RPBA2020 Art 013(2)
Claims - clarity
Claims - main request and first to seventh auxiliary requests (no)
Amendment after summons - exceptional circumstances
Amendment after summons - eighth auxiliary request (no)
I. The applicant (appellant) appealed against the examining division's decision refusing European patent application No. 05788823.2, filed as international application PCT/US2005/030205 (published as WO 2006/031402).
II. The documents cited in the contested decision included:
D1: WO 01/77909 A2, published on 18 October 2001
III. The examining division refused the application on the grounds that the subject-matter of independent claims 1 and 18 of the then main request and the then first and second auxiliary requests lacked inventive step over the prior art disclosed in document D1, and because independent claims 1 and 18 of the then main request did not meet the requirements of Article 84 EPC.
IV. In its statement of grounds of appeal, the appellant requested that the decision be set aside and that a patent be granted on the basis of a main request, considered as the first auxiliary request in the contested decision and resubmitted as the main request with the statement of grounds of appeal, or any of seven auxiliary requests. All auxiliary requests were submitted with the grounds of appeal.
Furthermore, the appellant referred to the following newly cited documents:
D5: RFC 3040 "Internet Web Replication and Caching Taxonomy", retrieved from https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3040
D6: "Reverse Proxy", webpage https://www.incapsula.com/cdn-guide/glossary/reverse-proxy.html
D7: The declaration of Theodore C. Loder IV, submitted along with the grounds of appeal
V. In a communication under Article 15(1) RPBA 2020 accompanying the summons to oral proceedings, the board raised clarity issues against the main request and the seven auxiliary requests and expressed its provisional opinion that the subject-matter of claim 1 of the main request and of each of the first to seventh auxiliary requests lacked inventive step in view of document D1.
VI. By letter of 9 March 2021, the appellant submitted further arguments.
VII. In the course of oral proceedings, held as scheduled by videoconference, the appellant filed an eighth auxiliary request. At the end of the oral proceedings, the chairman announced the board's decision.
VIII. The appellant's final requests were that the decision under appeal be set aside and a patent be granted on the basis of the main request or, alternatively, on the basis of one of auxiliary requests 1 to 7, all filed with the statement setting out the grounds of appeal, or the eighth auxiliary request submitted by the appellant during the oral proceedings before the board.
IX. Claim 1 of the main request reads as follows (itemisation by the board):
"[A] A method of testing variations in a target server's website content and measuring the impact that those content variations have on visitor conversion actions,
characterised in the method comprising:
[B] receiving a request at a reverse proxy server (120) from an electronic device (100,300) operated by a visitor for web content from a target server (130);
[C] said reverse proxy server (120) requesting and retrieving web content from said target server (130);
[D] modifying said web content for testing;
[E] said reverse proxy server (120) sending modified web content to said electronic device (100,300);
[F] and tracking actions, including responses, non-responses, conversions, non-conversions, of said visitor."
X. Claim 1 of the first auxiliary request differs from claim 1 of the main request in that "across repeated visits" is added at the end of the claim.
XI. Claim 1 of the second auxiliary request differs from claim 1 of the main request in that the following text (hereinafter: "text T") is added at the end of the claim:
"wherein the method further comprises:
assigning said visitor to a test group;
tracking actions of said visitor in comparison to said test group;
and tracking visitor session data using said proxy server (120)."
XII. Claim 1 according to the third auxiliary request differs from claim 1 of the main request in that its step F reads as follows:
"and tracking conversion actions of said visitor".
XIII. Claim 1 according to the fourth and fifth auxiliary requests differs from claim 1 according to the first auxiliary request and third auxiliary request, respectively, in that text T is added at the end of the claim.
XIV. Claim 1 according to the sixth auxiliary request differs from the third auxiliary request in that "across repeated visits" is added at the end of the claim.
XV. Claim 1 according to the seventh auxiliary request differs from the sixth auxiliary request in that text T is added at the end of the claim.
XVI. Claim 1 according to the eighth auxiliary request differs from the main request in that it amends feature A as follows:
"A method of testing variations in a target server's website content and tracking visitor actions, characterised in the method comprising:"
XVII. The appellant's arguments, where relevant to the decision, are discussed in detail below.
The invention
1. The application relates to conversion marketing, namely the science of measuring, testing and improving the rate at which website visitors respond to website content with a predefined action or actions, including, but not limited to, clicking a link, filling out a web page form, putting an item in a shopping basket, subscribing to a newsletter or purchasing a product (description of the international application as published, paragraph [0003]).
The invention is a web software product that helps website operators create content variations and then scientifically test and measure the impact that those content variations have on visitor conversion actions. Website operators learn, for example, which product descriptions yield the most sales, which promotional language pulls the most sales leads and which site registration form generates the most sign-ups (paragraph [0022]). The target-server website operator creates test campaigns to measure the impact of variations of copy, headlines, positioning, layout, imagery, price, etc. (paragraph [0025]). Testing methods include well-known methods such as A/B testing (paragraph [0026]).
The invention provides a method for using a reverse proxy server to introduce page variations on existing website content, without the need to make any modification to existing (back-end) content on the target server. The target server hosts the website to be tested and evaluated. The reverse proxy server delivers web content variations to visitors (paragraph [0023]).
A visitor's web browser first sends a request directly to a reverse proxy server. The reverse proxy server then retrieves content from the target server. The target server sends unmodified content to the reverse proxy server. A modification module system on the reverse proxy server is then responsible for modifying and delivering content and tracking a visitor's actions (including responses, non-responses, conversions, non-conversions; paragraph [0023]).
2. Clarity
2.1 In point 8.1.2 of its communication, the board raised the following objection under Article 84 EPC with respect to claim 1 of the main request for the first time:
"Claim 1 of the main request defines '[a] method of testing variations in a target server's website content and measuring the impact that those content variations have on visitor conversion actions, [...] comprising [...] modifying said web content for testing [...] and tracking actions [...] of said visitor'. It may need to be discussed whether it is clear how the impact is measured. The step of 'measuring the impact' appears to be not apparent from the step of 'tracking actions'."
2.2 In its reply the appellant argued that claim 1 specifically referred to "tracking actions, including responses, non-responses, conversions, non-conversions, of said visitor". Moreover, the claim did not merely refer to "measuring the impact", but to "measuring the impact that those content variations have on visitor conversion actions". It was self-evident to the skilled person that since the method tracked conversions, the impact could be inferred from an increase or decrease in the conversion rate in particular website variations. As explained in paragraphs [0026] and [0027] of the description of the international application as published, tracking visitors' actions was how data for assessing the impact of such variations were acquired. Claim 1 specified that the method entailed measuring the impact that content variations had on visitor conversion actions, and that conversions were tracked. The relevance of these two features to one another was self-evident.
2.2.1 In the oral proceedings, the appellant also stated that in paragraphs [0004] to [0021] the description of the international application discussed the prior art in the field of the application, arguing that it was evident to the skilled person that tracking visitors' actions was an intrinsic feature of the method and that the skilled person understood immediately how tracked actions could be used for measuring. The skilled person understood known testing methods such as A/B testing or multivariate testing. Claim 1 provided one of the data points needed for the measuring and it was evident how the further data points needed could be obtained.
2.3 The board agrees with the appellant that the skilled person would understand that the tracked actions could serve as input for measuring the impact that content variations have on visitor conversion actions. However, the wording of claim 1 alone does not explain to the skilled person how the measuring itself is done.
While claim 1 specifies that visitors' actions are tracked, it does not specify that, or how, these tracked actions are used for "measuring the impact that those content variations have on visitor conversion actions". Hence, it is not clear to the skilled person which features are implied by "measuring the impact that content variations have on visitor conversion actions" and thus how this feature limits the method specified by claim 1.
2.4 The board also agrees with the appellant that the cited paragraphs [0026] and [0027] further explain how data on visitor actions are obtained for measuring and that measurement results are reported as statistical summaries, for example. The board notes that some of the test methods discussed in paragraph [0027] of the description even imply activities such as measuring visitor actions on the target server, whereas the steps according to features B to F of claim 1 are evidently concerned with the reverse proxy server. Consequently, the appellant's reference to the description does not overcome the board's objection under Article 84 EPC.
In any case, the meaning of the features of claim 1 should be clear for the person skilled in the art from the wording of the claim alone (see G 1/04, Reasons 6.2). As discussed above, this is not the case here.
As to the appellant's argument that the skilled person knew how to interpret the method of claim 1 regarding "measuring the impact" thanks to their knowledge of well-known testing methods, the board considers that the vague wording of claim 1 leaves the skilled person reading it in doubt as to the exact scope of protection of this claim, which is consequently unclear (see Case Law of the Boards of Appeal of the EPO, 9th edition 2019, II.A.3.1, first paragraph). In the context of claim 1 under discussion, interpretation by the skilled person alone cannot objectively establish which technical features "measuring the impact" implies besides tracking visitors' actions.
2.5 Consequently, the subject-matter for which protection is sought is not clearly defined by the wording of claim 1 (Article 84 EPC).
First to third auxiliary requests
3. Claim 1 of the first and second auxiliary requests differs from claim 1 of the main request, respectively, on account of the following additional features:
F1 across repeated visits (in combination with feature F; first auxiliary request)
G assigning said visitor to a test group;
tracking actions of said visitor in comparison
to said test group;
and tracking visitor session data using said proxy server (120) (second auxiliary request)
4. Claim 1 according to the third auxiliary request differs from claim 1 of the main request in that it replaces feature F as follows:
H tracking conversion actions of said visitor
5.1 First auxiliary request
5.1.1 Feature F1 specifies that user actions are tracked according to feature F across repeated visits.
5.1.2 The appellant argued that feature F1 provided further clarification, based on paragraph [0027] of the description, of how the impact of the modifications was tracked, since changes in visitor interactions over repeated visits would help to identify the impact of variations. It was clear that the measuring was done by tracking actions.
5.1.3 Feature F1 does give more detail on how actions are tracked but fails to clarify what "measuring the impact" implies. Consequently, claim 1 according to the first auxiliary request does not overcome the board's above-mentioned clarity objection against the main request (Article 84 EPC).
5.2 Second auxiliary request
5.2.1 According to the appellant, feature G added that a visitor is assigned to a test group and could be tracked in comparison with the test group. For this purpose, the proxy server tracked visitor session data. This explicit comparison of visitors using test groups clarified how the impact of content variations on visitor actions was measured. In view of these clarifications claim 1 according to the second auxiliary request was clear.
5.2.2 In the board's view, feature G gives more detail on how visitor actions are tracked but not on how the impact of the content variations is measured. Consequently, claim 1 according to the second auxiliary request does not resolve the board's above-mentioned clarity objection regarding the main request and is unclear (Article 84 EPC).
5.3 Third auxiliary request
5.3.1 Feature H of claim 1 according to the third auxiliary request amends feature F of claim 1 of the main request to "tracking conversion actions of said visitor". The appellant argued that it was routine for the skilled person to use the measurement for one visitor's conversions to measure the impact of content variations on visitor conversion actions.
5.3.2 For the board, feature H does not specify how the impact of content conversions is measured. Consequently, the amendment made cannot overcome the board's clarity objection regarding claim 1 according to the main request. Hence, claim 1 according to the third auxiliary request is unclear (Article 84 EPC).
Fourth to seventh auxiliary requests
6. The fourth auxiliary request is directed to the combination of the amendments in the first and second auxiliary requests. The fifth auxiliary request combines the amendments in the second and third auxiliary requests, and the sixth auxiliary request combines the amendments in the first and third auxiliary requests. The seventh auxiliary request combines the amendments in the first to third auxiliary requests.
7.1 According to the appellant, the fourth to seventh auxiliary requests combined the clarifications offered by two or more of the first to third auxiliary requests depending on the amendments included in the request in question.
For instance, the fourth auxiliary request made it possible to perform comparisons for measuring the impact of content variations, while the fifth auxiliary request allowed conversion actions to be compared between test groups. The sixth auxiliary request specifically helped track conversion actions across repeated visits. The seventh auxiliary request provided for tracking conversion actions across repeated visits and test groups, so it contained all the tools needed for measuring the impact.
The auxiliary requests provided further clarifications of how actions were tracked and how the impact of content variations on visitor conversion actions was measured.
7.2 The board does not agree that combining the amendments discussed above for the first to third auxiliary requests helps to clarify claim 1 with respect to measuring the impact that content variations have on visitor conversion actions. The seventh auxiliary request combines the amendments made in the first to third auxiliary requests but still does not specify how the measuring is done and what this measuring implies besides tracking actions. Consequently, the board is not convinced that claim 1 according to the seventh auxiliary request or any of the fourth to sixth auxiliary requests overcomes the board's clarity objection against claim 1 of the main request (Article 84 EPC).
Eighth auxiliary request
8. Admission into the proceedings - Article 13(2) RPBA 2020
8.1 During the oral proceedings before the board, the appellant filed an eighth auxiliary request. Its admission into the appeal proceedings is to be assessed under Article 13(2) RPBA 2020, according to which any amendment to the appellant's appeal case made after notification of the summons to oral proceedings is, in principle, not to be taken into account unless there are exceptional circumstances which have been justified with cogent reasons by the appellant.
8.2 The eighth auxiliary request is intended to overcome the board's clarity objection raised in the communication accompanying the board's summons dated 16 July 2020 (see point 8.1.2). Consequently, the appellant had the opportunity to file the eighth auxiliary request before the oral proceedings with its letter of reply to the summons dated 9 March 2021. However, when replying the appellant submitted detailed arguments aiming to overcome the board's clarity objection (see point 1.1.3 of the reply) but did not file an amended request.
8.3 In the oral proceedings, when the admission of the late-filed eighth auxiliary request into the appeal proceedings was discussed, the appellant argued that it was surprised that the board's clarity objection had also applied to each of its first to seventh auxiliary requests. It had been clear from point 2.1 of the appellant's letter of reply to the board's communication that in the appellant's view the various auxiliary requests resolved all clarity objections raised by the board. It was evident that in its communication the board had presented detailed inventive-step objections for each auxiliary request but had not informed the appellant in detail about its clarity objections against claim 1 of the auxiliary requests. Consequently, the appellant had been surprised by the board's clarity objections against the auxiliary requests in the oral proceedings and the eighth auxiliary request should be admitted.
8.3.1 Contrary to the appellant's view, the board does not believe that the appellant could have been surprised during the oral proceedings by the fact that the board's clarity objection against claim 1 of the main request also applied to claim 1 of each of the first to seventh auxiliary requests since the board's communication dated 16 July 2020 stated in point 6: "[...] unless stated otherwise, raised objections apply, mutatis mutandis, also to the further claims (and lower-ranking claim requests) provided that they contain the same or similar features". This stated clearly that the clarity objection raised by the board in its communication regarding claim 1 of the main request did actually apply to corresponding features of claim 1 of each of the first to seventh auxiliary requests unless stated otherwise.
In the oral proceedings the board also argued that the appellant had consistently contended that the first to seventh auxiliary requests (see its letter of reply dated 9 March 2021, points 2.2.1 to 2.2.7) clarified how the impact of the modifications was tracked or how the objection concerning "measuring the impact" was overcome. In view of this, the board considers that the appellant understood that the clarity objection raised in point 8.1.2 of the board's communication also applied to claim 1 of each of the first to seventh auxiliary requests.
For the third auxiliary request, the board mentioned in its communication that the limitation to tracking conversion actions improved the clarity of claim 1. The board considers that it was clear that this improvement related to its clarity objection concerning the words "non-conversions" and "non-responses", which were omitted by the third auxiliary request. There is no reason why the board's statement could have been construed as meaning that the third auxiliary request also overcame the board's clarity objection raised in point 8.1.2 of its communication.
In view of the above, the board is not convinced by the appellant's argument that it was surprised by the board's clarity objection against the auxiliary requests.
8.4 Since the board does not see any exceptional circumstances justifying the late amendment to the appellant's appeal case through the filing of the eighth auxiliary request during the oral proceedings, it does not admit the eighth auxiliary request into the appeal proceedings (Article 13(2) RPBA 2020).
9. Since none of the requests admitted into the appeal proceedings is allowable, the appeal is to be dismissed.


I have an iPhone X, and it's incredible.
I use it every single day, and currently have 19,287 images on it (and counting!).
It's leaps and bounds better than my last iPhone, and having seen my friends and family use other smartphones for photography, I know I have the best one on the market today.
It will never replace my DSLR.
Here's a few reasons why I'll be hanging onto my Nikon D850 for a while.
Obviously, my iPhone X wins in the portability department over my D850.
But that portability is precisely what makes it more difficult to use as a camera.
There's no grip, so you're forced to tightly grasp the edges of the phone to keep it steady.
Of course, the fact that you have to hold the phone at arm's length in front of you means that keeping it steady is a tall task anyway.
That's not to mention how hard it is to actually see how everything fits into the frame.
Granted, the iPhone X has a gorgeous, large screen that's much easier to see in broad daylight than previous iPhones I've owned.
But it still can't match the experience of bringing my D850 to my eye and getting a precise view of the scene in the viewfinder.
Additionally, to focus the iPhone, you have to somehow tap the screen while maintaining a death grip on the phone to keep it steady. You know as well as I do that that's a difficult task.
In contrast, my D850 has a big, chunky grip for my right hand and the body sits perfectly in my left hand for stable shooting.
I can reach all the buttons and dials on the camera and lens while it's raised to my eye, so I don't have to fumble around trying to hold it while acquiring focus or changing a camera setting like I do with my iPhone.
And, best of all, my D850 was actually designed to be a camera and a camera alone. That means it's easier to compose a photo, see what the photo looks like, adjust camera settings, and so forth, that way I get the best shot possible.
Apple made sure the iPhone X had excellent capabilities as a camera when it included dual cameras, one wide-angle and one telephoto.
The improved versatility of having the telephoto camera has proven to be a lifesaver for me time and time again when I wanted a closer, more intimate shot of the subject.
I even invested in some excellent aftermarket lenses from Sandmarc that give me fisheye, macro, and wide-angle options.
But even with all those lenses, it still doesn't match up to the incredible variety of lenses I can get for my D850.
I can use a telephoto lens with my D850 to capture distant landscape elements up close.
I can head to the beach and get a beautiful ultra-wide-angle shot of the sunset with a 12mm lens.
There's an 85mm lens for portraits, a 50mm lens for street photography, a 100mm lens for macro...you get the point.
The lenses I can use with my D850 simply provide better sharpness and better image quality than what the iPhone brings to the table, as you can see in the side-by-side comparison above.
Perhaps the most important reason why my iPhone will never replace my DSLR is the difference in sensor size and what that means in image quality.
As shown in the graph above, camera sensors are much larger than smartphone sensors.
It's beneficial to have a larger sensor because the bigger it is, the more light it can record.
What's more, larger sensors have the ability to record more information, which means the photos I take with my D850 have better colors, improved dynamic range, and less noise. That's particularly true when shooting in low light.
But the benefit of a larger sensor is also seen during daytime shooting as well.
Just like a larger sensor has a greater ability to retain the detail in shadows in low-light situations, it's able to retain detail in highlights in bright shooting conditions as well.
In the image below, you can see how the D850 does a much better job of retaining the detail and color not just in the highlighted areas, but in the shadows as well.
Additionally, the larger a camera's sensor, the higher the resolution of its photos.
That means that when you take a photo with your iPhone, you might only be able to muster an 8x10 print before the image quality degrades to the point that the image is blurry and pixelated.
But with a DSLR like the D850, you can print enormous photos without losing image quality.
And this is an area that DSLRs will always win over smartphones. There's simply no room in a smartphone to fit a bigger sensor.
Having manual control over things like aperture, shutter speed, and ISO is critical for getting the best shots.
Yet, as far as iPhones have come, the native camera app still doesn't support this kind of manual functionality.
That's a problem because, just like full auto mode on a DSLR doesn't get you the best results, it doesn't get you the best results on your phone, either.
Looking at the difference in the images above, you can see how the D850 is more adept at minimizing depth of field and getting the white balance spot-on.
Granted, you can download third-party apps for your phone to give you manual controls, but even then, the performance of a smartphone in this regard is restricted because there's only so much leeway that you get for ISO and shutter speed.
Likewise, smartphones have fixed apertures, so manipulating depth of field is difficult.
Not so with a DSLR, though.
I have full control over how the camera behaves and performs, so I get images that have better colors, more accurate white balance, and a more creative look.
That is, I can change the aperture to manipulate the depth of field as well as control the shutter speed to determine if motion is blurred or tack-sharp.
Though it sounds like I'm bashing my iPhone, I'm not.
I absolutely love it, and it works great as a camera in many situations.
But as I've pointed out, no matter how great the iPhone X is, it still cannot compete with "real" cameras like the Nikon D850. It can't even compete with an entry-level DSLR like a Canon T7i.
So, keep your smartphones handy for quick snapshots, but if you want to take the highest-quality photos, your phone simply cannot replace your DSLR.


Support for Edge mode in Corona?
When is it possible to use edge mode for corona?
Re: Support for Edge mode in Corona?
We are in contact with the Corona team to find a way for implementing Edge mode, although it's not an simple issue. You can see the reasons here.
Regarding color pass, please would you define the problem ?
We are working on a solution for Corona and Mental Ray, if all goes well you should see it in the forthcoming release of Forest Pack. I don't have a date for that at the moment I'm afraid, but Subscribers will be able to test the beta when it becomes available.
Has this been implemented yet ? for Corona ?
Yes, it's already supported in Corona, using Forest Edge map.


Francis leads the DreamOval business team and is also a Director at DreamOval Foundation. With a passion to drive education through technology, Francis has been involved with the setting up of the DreamOval foundation with focus on Education and Technology. In 2009, he initiated a free ICT training for teachers in Ghana, dubbed iTeach, which has helped bridge the digital divide between rural and urban communities all over for the past 7 years. He just loves working with young people and feels honored to serve by empowering the next generation thinkers that will transform the African continent. With over 18 years of experience in the service industry, Francis has also spearheaded the transformation of start-up companies in various sectors.


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Bike share is now available in Salem
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Ride Salem – explore, commute, have fun!
Ride Salem officially launched its bike share program on June 22 at 1:00 p.m. with an event near the Downtown Transit Center at the corner of Chemeketa and Church St. Salem Mayor Chuck Bennett offered words of support at the ribbon cutting, which was also attended by Kiki Dohman of the Trip Choice program, along with many of the program sponsors and supporters. Additional bike share stations are located at the Northwest Rehabilitation Associates in West Salem, the corner of Church and Ferry, at the Park Place building on Front St., and near the Riverfront Park Carousel.
Starting in 2016, Evan Osborne started the conversation about bringing bike sharing to Salem. After several years of fund-raising, establishing a not-for-profit organization called Osborne Adventures, and working with the City of Salem, Ride Salem was launched in partnership with Massachusetts based bike-sharing company Zagster.
As a sponsor, Cherriots Trip Choice has two bikes in the fleet with our logo proudly displayed. We were also given five one-year passes that will be used as part of an incentive that will be available only to Cherriots employees.
If you are interested in joining, just download the Zagster app and join the Ride Salem Bike Share. Go to ridesalem.com for all the details.
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