This section summarizes Teiid Designer features for creating and editing existing model objects contained in your models.
As discussed in the introduction, Section 1.3.3, "Metadata Models" provide a framework to model various types of metadata. Each metamodel type has a set of parent-child relationships that establish constraints on what can be created and where. You cannot, for example, create a column attribute in a stored procedure, nor can you create a mapping class column in a Web service operation's output message.
The Teiid Designer provides a common set of actions to create new children of these models as well as children of children.
Step 1 - Select the parent object to which you want to add a child. For example, you can add a package to a package or an attribute to a class.
Step 2 - Right-click on a container object. From the pop-up menu, select New Child. You can now select the child object you would like to add.
Step 3 - The new model object displays on the Section 10.2.1, "Model Explorer View" and is highlighted for renaming.
Step 3 - The new model object displays on the diagram and is highlighted for renaming.
Step 1 - Select the row for the parent object to which you want to add a child. For example to add a column, click the Base Table tab and select base table row.
Step 2 - Right-click on a table row. From the pop-up menu, select New Child. You can now select the child object you would like to add.
Step 3 - The selected tab in the Table Editor changes to the tab for the child object type, the new model object row is displayed and the row's name table cell is highlighted for renaming.
Step 1 - Select the object to which you want to add a sibling. For example, you can add a column sibling to a column.
Step 2 - Right-click on that object. From the pop-up menu, select New Sibling. You can now select the sibling object you would like to add.
Step 1 - Select the row for the object to which you want to add a sibling. For example, you can add a column sibling to a column.
Step 2 - Right-click on a row. From the pop-up menu, select New Sibling. You can now select the sibling object you would like to add.
Step 1 - Select two objects you wish to associate. For example, select columns in different base tables.
Step 2 - Right-click. From the pop-up menu, select New Association > Foreign Key Relationship..
Step 3 - The new relationship link is displayed in the diagram.
Step 3 - The new relationship link is displayed in the diagram. The Column, Foreign Key, Primary Key reference properties are properly set on the selected columns, new primary key and new foreign key.
Step 1 - Select a column in table.
Step 2 - Drag the column to another table and drag over a column and drop onto this column. The target column should highlight in Yellow.
Step 3 - New Foreign Key and Primary Key objects will be added to the contents of their respective tabs in the Table Editor. The Column, Foreign Key, Primary Key reference properties are properly set on the selected columns, new primary key and new foreign key.
Cut - Deletes the selected object(s) and copies it to the clipboard.
Copy - Copies the selected object(s) to the clipboard.
Paste - Pastes the contents of the clipboard to the selected context.
Clone - Duplicates the selected object in the same location with the same name; user is able to rename the new object right in the tree.
Delete - Deletes the selected object(s).
Rename - Allows a user to rename an object.
These actions are presented in Teiid Designer's main Edit menu and also in the right-click context menus for model objects selected in the Section 10.2.1, "Model Explorer View", Section 10.3.1.1, "Diagram Editor" and Section 10.3.1.2, "Table Editor".
In addition to the New Child/Sibling/Association menus available for object creation Designer provides a Modeling > sub-menu which presents various object-specific actions which can be performed.
This section describes these editors in detail.
The Teiid Designer's Transformation Editor enables you to create the query transformations that describe how to derive your virtual metadata information from physical metadata sources or other virtual metadata and how to update the sources.
The Transformation Editor provides a robust set of tools you can use to create these SQL queries. You can use these tools, or you can simply type a SQL query into the Transformation Editor.
If a Model Editor is not currently open for the selected object's model, a Model Editor will be opened.
After the corresponding transformation diagram is opened in the Diagram Editor, the Transformation Editor is displayed in the lower section of the Diagram Editor.
If this virtual class supports updates, the tabs on the bottom of the Transformation Editor allow you to enter SQL for each type of query this virtual class supports. If this virtual class does not support updates, only the SELECT tab is available.
You can enter separate SQL queries on each available tab to accommodate that type of query.
Disable specific update transformation types on this virtual class.
Build or edit a criteria clause to use in your transformation.
Build or edit an expression to use in your transformation.
Find and replace a string within your transformation.
Validate the transformation to ensure its content contains no errors.
Reconcile target attributes to ensure the symbols in your transformation match the attributes in your virtual metadata class.
The Transformation Editor toolbar actions are summarized below.
Prevew Virtual Data - executes a simple preview query for the target table or procedure of the transformation being edited.
Search Transformations - provides a simple way select and edit another transformation based SQL text search criteria.
Edit Transformation - provides a simple way to change which transformation to edit without searching in a diagram or the Model Explorer. Simply click the action and select from a list of views, tables, procedures or operations from the currently edited model.
Cursor Position (line, column) - shows the current line and column position of the insertion cursor. For example, Cursor Position(1,4) indicates that the cursor is presently located at column 4 of line 1.
Supports Update - checkbox allows you to enable or disable updates for the current transformation target. If 'Supports Update' is checked, the editor shows four tabs at the bottom for the Select, Update, Insert and Delete transformations. If 'Supports Update' is unchecked, all updates are disabled and only the Select transformation is displayed.
Reconcile - allows you to resolve any discrepancies between the transformation symbols and the target attributes. Pressing this button will display the "Reconcile Virtual Target Attributes" dialog box in which you can resolve discrepancies.
Save/Validate - saves edits to the current transformation and validates the transformation SQL. Any Warning or Error messages will be displayed at the bottom of the editor in the messages area. If the SQL validates without error, the message area is not displayed.
Criteria Builder - allows you to build a criteria clause in your transformation. The button will enable if the cursor position is within a query that allows a criteria. Pressing the button will launch the Criteria Builder dialog. If the Criteria Builder is launched inside an existing criteria, that criteria will be displayed for edit, otherwise the Criteria Builder will be initially empty.
Expression Builder - allows you to build an expression within your transformation. The button will enable if the cursor position is at a location that allows an expression. Pressing the button will launch the Expression Builder dialog. If the Expression Builder is launched inside an existing expression, that expression will be displayed for edit, otherwise the Expression Builder will be initially empty.
Expand Select * - allows you to expand a "SELECT *" clause into a SELECT clause which contains all of the SELECT symbols. The button will enable only if the cursor is within a query that contains a SELECT * clause that can be expanded.
Increase Font Size - increases the font size of all editor text by 1.
Decrease Font Size - decreases the font size of all editor text by 1.
Show/Hide Messages - toggles the display of the message area at the bottom of the transformation editor.
Optimize SQL - when toggled 'ON', will use the short names of all SQL symbols that can be optimized. Some symbol names may remain fully qualified in the event of a duplicate name or if the optimizer is unable to optimize it. When the action is toggled 'OFF', all symbol names will be fully-qualified.
Import SQL Text - allows you to import a sql statement from a text file on your file system. Pressing this button will display an import dialog in which you can navigate to the file.
Export SQL Text - allows you to export the currently displayed SQL statement into a text file on your file system. Pressing this button will display an export dialog in which you can choose the location for export.
Close "X" - closes the transformation editor.
The Transformation Editor's Criteria Builder offers you a quick, graphical means to build criteria clauses in your transformations based on meta objects in your diagram. If you launch the Criteria Builder with your cursor within an existing criteria in your transformation SQL, the builder will open in Edit mode. If your cursor is not in an existing criteria location, the builder will open in create mode and allow you to create it from scratch.
This procedure provides an example of building a criteria clause using the Criteria Builder. When building your own criteria, you can mix and match the values and constants with whatever logic you need to build powerful and complex criteria.
Step 1 - In the Transformation Editor, click the Launch Criteria Builder button.
Step 2 - The Criteria Builder displays.
The two tabs at the top, Tree View and SQL View, show the current contents of the criteria you have built.
The Criteria Editor at the bottom allows you to build a criteria clause. To build a criteria clause, you must add information to the left side of the predicate, select a comparison operator, and add a value to the right side.
From the tree, select the attribute you want to add to the expression. You can select an attribute from any of the source classes in the transformation.
Select the datatype for this constant from the Type drop-down list and enter the value in the Value edit box.
Step 4 - Set a value left side of the predicate and, when necessary, the right side of the predicate. If the right side of the predicate does not require a value of some sort, the Criteria Builder will not let you enter one.
Step 5 - Click Apply.
Step 6 - When you have created both a Left Expression and a Right Expression in the Predicate Editor, click Apply to add the criterion to the tree view at the top of the dialog box.
The criteria clause displays in the Criteria tree.
Delete to remove the selected criterion.
AND to create a new criterion that must also be true.
OR to create a new criterion that can be true instead of the selected criterion.
NOT to establish negative criterion.
If you join a criterion to the one you just completed, you build the expression the same way, using the Expression Editors panel and the Predicate Editor panel. You can create complex, nested criteria by judicious use of the AND and OR buttons.
Once you have created the complete criteria you want, click OK to add it to your transformation.
Attributes by selecting an attribute.
Constants by selecting the datatype and value.
Functions from both the standard Teiid Designer SQL functions and your enterprise's custom user-defined functions. If you select a function before you launch the Expression Builder, you can use the Expression Builder to edit the selected function; otherwise, you can create a new function from scratch.
Step 1 - In the Transformation Editor, click the location where you want to insert the function.
Step 2 - Click the Expression Builder button. The SQL Expression Builder displays.
The two tabs at the top, Tree View and SQL View, show the current contents of the expression you have built. To build an expression, you must specify the type of expression you want to build and populate it. In most cases, you will use the Expression Builder to construct a complex expression.
Step 3 -Click the Function radio button to add a function.
You can simply add constants and attributes as expressions by themselves using the Attribute or Constant radio buttons; however, the Expression Editor is most useful for functions.
Step 4 - The Expression Editor displays the Function editor.
Conversion for functions that convert one datatype into another.
Datetime for functions that handle date or time information.
Numeric for mathematic and other numeric functions.
String for string manipulation functions.
Any additional categories represent those containing user-defined functions your site has created.
Step 5 - From the Function drop-down list, select the function you want. The table beneath the drop-down lists displays the number of arguments required for this function.
Step 6 - Click Apply.
Step 7 - Your function displays in the tree at the top. Sub nodes display for each argument you need to set for this function.
You need to set an attribute or constant value for each sub node in the tree to specify the arguments this function needs. You can also nest another function in the tree using the Function editor.
Step 8 - Click each sub node in the tree and use the editors at the bottom of the dialog box to apply an attribute, constant, or function value to it.
Step 9 - When you have added values to all nodes, as shown below, click OK. to add this expression to your query or Cancel to close the dialog box without inserting the expression.
If the OK button does not enable, you have not added a value to all nodes in the tree.
You can also nest functions within your expressions by selecting an argument and selecting a function for that argument. The nested function displays in the tree beneath your root function and its arguments display as well. Using the Expression Builder and nested functions, you can create complex logic within your query transformations.
The Input Set represents a special class that contains attributes from a parent mapping class. When you create mapping classes for an XML Document model, the Teiid Designer automatically adds an Input Set to all XML transformation diagrams for mapping classes beneath the highest node in the Document meta object.
The Input Set proves especially useful for information integration using the Teiid Designer Server. Through the Input Set, you can access a row of data generated by any XML transformation in a mapping class higher in the XML document's hierarchy. You can use Input Set attributes, which are individual columns from the rows of data, within the criteria of an XML transformation query of the child mapping class.
You cannot use the Input Set attributes within the SELECT portion of the XML transformation query.
To use an Input Set, you must use the Input Set Editor to bind attributes from parent classes.
Once you have created an Input Set, you can use the attributes within it as source material for the XML transformation diagram's query.
The Input Set only serves to enable data flow between nested mapping classes. If you use the Teiid Designer Server for data access, your applications cannot directly query an Input Set. Input Sets only display in the XML transformation diagram to which they belong. Input Sets do not display on the Section 10.2.1, "Model Explorer View" view and you cannot use them as you would a normal class, such as for source classes in other transformations.
The Input Parameters table contains a list of mapping attributes within the input set and the mapping attributes bound to input set mapping attributes. The tree on the right displays the parent mapping classes and the attributes available from each.
Add a mapping attribute from a parent mapping class to the Input Set. In the tree on the right, select the symbol for which you want to create an attribute and click New. The item displays in the Input Parameters and Mapping Class Bindings table.
Delete a mapping attribute from the Input Set. Click the row in the Input Parameters and Mapping Class Bindings table that you want to delete and click Delete. The Teiid Designer removes this row from the table and this mapping attribute from your Input Set.
Bind and Unbind Input Parameters.
Once you have created the mapping attributes within the Input Set that you need, you can use the Input Set Parameters within a mapping class transformation to produce mapping attributes you can map to your XML document.
Within an XML Document model, a choice compositor defines all possible document data structures (sometimes called fragments) that can appear at that location in an XML instance document. When the Teiid Designer Server populates an XML instance document at runtime based upon your virtual XML document, it will choose the first fragment that matches the criteria you specify within the Choice Editor.
To view the choice editor, right-click on the choice node in the mapping diagram's XML Document tree view and select Edit from the right-click pop up menu.
The table on this panel displays fragment options for the choice, each represented by the top node of the document fragment.
The Summary tab, shown below, displays a SQL-like version of the current choice criteria.
Specify a criteria statement for the Teiid Designer Server to apply in order to determine which elements or elements to insert into the result document.
Exclude or include the option's fragment from the document.
Set the elements' criteria test order.
Set a default action that occurs if none of the criteria you set is met.
The XML Schema upon which you based the XML Document model determines the nature of the options available to the choice. A schema you share with other, external sources (such as business partners) might include information that you do not want to include within XML files.
For example, Sample Financial Services shares an XML schema with its partners Example Mutual Insurance, Illustrative Brokerage, and FinancialPartners.com. The partners created the schema broadly, to cover all possibilities for information they might need to interchange. As such, the customer information XML document might include a choice compositor based on a list of all products all companies offer.
However, Sample Financial does not offer a credit card; so it could exclude those elements from the XML documents its Teiid Designer Server creates since it will never have credit card information for an XML document.
The table on the Choice Editor contains the Include column. By default, all elements specified by the schema are included. You can click to remove the checkmark beside any element you do not want to include within your XML documents generated by this virtual XML document metadata model. By removing the checkmark, you are not removing the element from the XML Document model; you are merely telling the Teiid Designer Server that it will never use this element as part of the choice.
You cannot edit criteria for excluded elements. However, if you exclude an option for which you have established a criteria, Teiid Designer will retain the criteria if you want to include the option in the future.
Step 1 - In the table on the Choice Editor panel, select the element you want to edit..
Step 2 - Click Edit Criteria button to launch the Criteria Builder dialog.
Step 3 - Use the Criteria Builder to create the conditions for which the Teiid Designer Server will test to determine whether to choose this option in the XML instance document.
Step 4 - Click OK. The criteria you set displays both in the table and in the summary tab.
You must set a criterion for each option in your document unless you have selected to exclude that option or specify that option will be the default option.
The Teiid Designer Server evaluates the choice criteria in the order in which they appear, and when one choice criteria is met, the Teiid Designer Server populates the XML instance document with that option. The Teiid Designer Server might not test all criteria for all options, so their order matters a great deal.
Therefore, the order in which your options appear within the choice criteria often determines what information appears ultimately in your XML instance documents. You can reorder the option list within the choice to set the order in which the Teiid Designer Server tests the criteria.
To set this order, select an element in the table and use the or button to move it into a new position in the table. The new order displays both in the table and in the Choice Criteria box and reorders the XML document as well.
The default action represents the course the Teiid Designer Server should take if none of the criteria you set evaluates to true.
Any of the options within the table except those you have excluded from the document.
THROW to throw a Teiid Designer Server exception.
RECORD to record the Teiid Designer Server exception.
DISCARD to place no element within the XML instance document.
Note: You must set a default action for your choice criteria.
Some XML schemas define data structures that contain self-referencing elements or datatypes. When generating XML documents, such data structures can produce an endless repetition of nested tags. This self-nesting pattern is known as recursion.
The first cycle can be thought of as an "entry condition" for the recursion. The mapping class located at this node defines a normal mapping transformation like that of any other in the document model.
The second cycle defines a mapping transformation that will be performed repeatedly until conditions are met that will halt the document instance being generated by the Teiid Designer Server. This fragment of the document model is called the recursive fragment. The mapping transformation for this fragment is no different from the first, except that you can access the first cycle's mapping class attributes, plus you have the opportunity to specify the conditions that will halt the recursion.
You can recognize a mapping class located at the second, recursive document fragment by the looping arrow button in the top-left-hand corner of the diagram object as shown below.
When you model a virtual document based on an XML Schema model containing recursion, you can choose whether to treat the nested fragments as recursive. You should only use recursion when the data access pattern from your data source(s) is also recursive; in other words, when the same query transformation should be executed over and over to generate and map the nested document's data content.
By default, the Teiid Designer does not mark the recursive fragments in document models to execute recursively in the Teiid Designer Server. To take advantage of this behavior, you must open the Recursion Editor in the recursive mapping class Section 10.3.1.1.5, "Mapping Transformation Diagram", mark the transformation query as recursive, and specify the recursion limit properties.
The Recursion Editor lets you enable and limit recursion. The Recursion Editor button only displays on mapping classes, which have recursive patterns. For example, if you have an element named Employee which contains a element named Supervisor which itself contains an Employee element nested within it, you might need to limit the number of times the elements are nested within the document.
A fixed number of results to the query.
A SQL-based criteria limit condition.
To open the Recursion Editor, click on the Recursion Editor button on the displayed mapping class.
Step 1 - Click the Enable Recursion check box if you want the Teiid Designer Server to perform the query you specify to generate the nested tags within the XML document.
Step 3 - Click the Action When Count Limit Exceeded drop down menu to instruct the Teiid Designer Server what to do if it encounters more results for the query than the count limit before it reaches the limit condition.
Step 4 - Click the Edit button to launch the SQL Section 4.2.1.1, "Using the Criteria Builder" to build a limiting condition for this recursion.
The Teiid Designer Server will evaluate this condition each time it recursively performs this query. If this criteria clause evaluates false, the Teiid Designer Server performs the query recursively again unless it has reached the Count Limit. If the criteria evaluates true, the Teiid Designer Server performs the mapping for the current level and ends its recursive loop.
When you have created the criteria, it displays in the Limit Condition box.
When the Teiid Designer Server dynamically populates your XML documents at runtime, it will use the recursion specifications you entered here.
Operations section showing a tree view of Interfaces and Operations contained within the Web Service model.
Input Variables section providing editing of desired Input Variable declarations.
Procedure section providing SQL editing of the procedure.
The Operations section contains all interfaces and operations currently defined in the model.
Selecting an operation will display the variables related to the input parameter's content in the Input Variables section and the body of its procedure (minus the CREATE VIRTUAL PROCEDURE BEGIN - END keywords and the input variable declarations and assignments) in the Procedure section.


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Re-reading Reed: Ten Days that Shook the World
Max Stein
Max S considers John Reed's classic book on the Russian revolution, Ten Days That Shook the World.
The centennial of the October Revolution later this year will be a windfall for booksellers. Possibly no other event in history has been written on so extensively, or from such a vast variety of ideological perspectives: there'll be a promoted book on the subject for every shopper, from Trot to Tory. John Reed's Ten Days that Shook the World, however, is something radically distinct from most historical works. It is a journalistic account, rather than a historian's reconstruction, of the Bolshevik-led upheaval in late 1917 which replaced the ailing Provisional Government of Alexander Kerensky with that of the soviet councils. As such, it gives a rare insight into the real spirit and atmosphere of events on the ground.
Reed made no secret of his own inclinations when writing Ten Days. A committed socialist, he had already been arrested and censored on multiple occasions all over Europe whilst trying to cover the bloodbaths of the First World War. His sympathies in 1917 were emphatically with the Bolsheviks, and here and there he undoubtedly took a dash of poetic license when narrating his version of events. But the odd moment of romantic colour does not detract from the authenticity of Reed's work as a record of the real spirit and atmosphere of a revolution. We are inducted into the giddy momentum of a movement that was attempting to dispel centuries' worth of spiritual oppression in a matter of a few days. Indeed, it is a testament to the explosive nature of the ideas of that October that this remains compulsively readable throughout, even where the book consists of lengthy passages documenting the debates of the All-Russian Congress of Soviets and the Petrograd Soviet, which, Reed writes, "was meeting continuously at Smolny, a centre of storm, delegates falling down asleep on the floor and rising again to take part in the debate, Trotsky, Kamenev, Volodarsky speaking six, eight, twelve hours a day…."
The elation one feels reading Ten Days stems from a reassurance that socialist revolution can be a solid, attainable reality – complete with bloody but insurmountable hurdles, fierce but not invincible opposition from the ruling classes. Among other fascinating episodes, Reed records the civil service strike, in which the middle managers of the Russian state (backed by the big bourgeoisie with a lavish strike fund) refused to come into work under the new soviet regime (leaving Petrograd's cripples and orphans without their pensions). We read of how the telephone exchange staffers and banking clerks abandoned their posts in outrage at the toppling of the bourgeois regime, only for the Bolsheviks to bring in volunteer groups of factory workers to learn from scratch how to replace them. Passages like these are a vivid reminder of the class character of the very material of the state – a character which only becomes fully and completely exposed when that bourgeois state is struggling to escape its own abolition.
Reed is at his most poetic in describing this condition, in which "Old Russia was no more; human society flowed molten in primal heat, and from the tossing sea of flame was emerging the class struggle, stark and pitiless – and the fragile, slowly cooling crust of new planets…" And it is against this backdrop of naked and desperate class struggle that we can contextualise the democratic idealism which was the very core of the October movement. The world has become accustomed to portrayals of October 1917 as a small-scale coup d'état in which the Bolsheviks simply snatched control of the state's commanding heights. Ten Days reminds us that this depiction is grossly inaccurate: the seizure of the Winter Palace would have meant very little if it had not come as the signal for a vast and (in large part) non-choreographed supportive mobilisation of the working class, across the length and breadth of the enormous Russian Empire. However careful and meticulous the Bolsheviks' planning, the party's actions were a massive wager upon the political instincts and determination of the working class.
Of course, it is impossible ever to read such a joyful account of 1917 without feeling a biting sadness at the revolution's eventual destiny. Reed died in 1920, and it is oddly comforting to think that he never lived to see the death of revolutionary democracy under the pressure of civil war, or the puppeteering of its corpse by Stalinism. (Stalin is mentioned only a couple of times in the whole text, always as one name among many.) The most elating passages in Ten Days become unbearably poignant to a reader who knows what happened next. Take this, from Reed's drive back into Petrograd in a truck full of Red Guards after a decisive showdown with Kerensky's forces:
"The old workman who drove held the wheel in one hand, while with the other he swept the far-gleaming capital in an exultant gesture.
"'Mine!' he cried, his face all alight. 'All mine now! My Petrograd!'"
Within six years, Petrograd would lose 75% of its population, as starving workers fled the countryside looking for bread during the horrific food shortages of the Civil War. Moscow lost 53% of its own inhabitants. By the end of 1923, a combination of reactionary insurrections, a string of foreign invasions, and the famine and disruption which followed these, had added from 7 to 12 million fresh corpses to the 3 million already yielded up by Russia and its territories to the First World War. This was the unimaginable penalty inflicted upon the Soviet working class for its bid for freedom.
Of course, a large part of our task in this centennial year is to understand the many ways in which the world of today differs from that of 1917. For instance, it is hard to see the relatively small and professional military forces of modern states as being an opportune sector for revolutionary agitation, as was the case with the massive conscript army of Russia a hundred years ago. But there are still numerous concrete lessons that we can draw from Ten Days. One of these, I believe, concerns the relationship of a revolutionary organisation with the working class and oppressed sectors of society. The successful Bolshevik approach was neither to act for the class, nor to leave it to its own devices, but rather to pose to it, through actions, the question of revolution – always relying wholly on the broader class to answer this question in the affirmative.
Other lessons concern revolutionary epochs as political environments. Of course, the events of October followed on the heels of an earlier upheaval, namely the overthrow in February of Tsarist autocracy, and so the whole of the 8-month period leading up to the events of October might be described as a revolutionary one. Reed's writing demonstrates how the immense pace and pressure of these circumstances had brought about stupendous shifts in the political movements of the time (leaving less clear-headed left-wing groups confused to the point that a party named the Socialist Revolutionaries could, with a straight face, condemn the Bolshevik action on the (bogus) pretext that Red Guards had looted the Tsar's former treasures from the Winter Palace!).
That the Bolsheviks were able to maintain a clear and coherent working-class programme amid these hectic fluctuations was the fruit of their long-term aversion to opportunism. Lenin and his colleagues remained clear on the distinction between building power in working-class environments (such as the soviet councils) and accepting coalition with bourgeois forces (the path taken by the Mensheviks and Socialist Revolutionaries). The former approach was consistent with the Bolsheviks' organisational practice before 1917, and charted a middle course between the equally unhelpful stances of, on the one hand, a misguided opportunism that sought to wring reforms from a revanchist ruling class, and on the other, a fatalist mentality which would have one wait on the side-lines of history for a "revolutionary moment". As members of a revolutionary group we can emulate this example today, working energetically to expand the acceptance of our principled programme among the working class and oppressed sections of society. We must accept that our unconditional loyalty to this oppressed majority will always be at least partially unrequited, and approach that majority's members as independent political thinkers who can be engaged with and won over by our own intervention.
It is our task, not to think on behalf of the broader population, but rather to converse with it, vociferously and confidently – "conversing" with actions as well as words – and in this way to bring into existence the movement we want to see. Even when revolution seems virtually impossible, we must find ways to remain revolutionaries in everything that we do, including our work within reformist environments and causes. These are imposing tasks that we all very frequently fall short of; the prospect of dethroning the ruling class and instituting genuine human freedom often seems crushingly remote. Ten Days is a classic because it doesn't only document that this has been done before – it also helps its readers feel as if we can do it again.
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Unearthing hidden histories: an interview with Ian Birchall
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Global fever
Review: Who the hell is… Karl Marx?
Audio: Neil Davidson on 1968
iagobones 3 March 2017 At 12:30 am
Reed's journalist companions also published books about their experiences of the early days of the revolution: Louise Bryant's Six Months In Red Russia (1918), Bessie Beatty's Red Heart Of Russia (1918) and Albert Rhys William's Through The Russian Revolution (1921).
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After Moria burned to the ground, a new camp was quickly built to replace it. We interviewed Chloe Haralambous and Michalis Poulimas about events on the ground and what they mean for the EU border regime.
Gareth Dale
The Covid-19 pandemic is a foretaste of the approaching climate catastrophe. Andreas Malm's electrifying new book looks at both these crises and asks what we'll need to do to face them down.
Interview: Organised and disorganised labour in the Belarus uprising
Siarhei Biareishyk
Siarhei Biareishyk speaks to rs21 about the uprising in Belarus following the falsified re-election of Aliaksandr Lukashenka on 9 August 2020.
Interview: Beirut blast exposed a global system
Rima Majed
Rima Majed spoke to rs21 about the blast that devastated Beirut in the context of an existing political and economic crisis.

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The key focus of Israel, Greece and Cyprus is to develop and build the Eastern Mediterranean underwater gas pipeline, Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu said.
"Our prime focus right now is on energy, on developing the eastern Mediterranean pipeline. It's a great project, could be one of the great underwater projects in the world. And obviously it's something that we think is important," said the Israeli PM.
He made the comments before meeting the Foreign Ministers of Cyprus and Greece, Nikos Christodoulides and Nikos Kotzias, in Israel on Thursday.
The three discussed the laying of a joint Israel-Cyprus-Greece East-Med gas pipeline in order to export gas to Europe.
The proposed EastMed Pipeline Project would start about 170 kilometres off Cyprus' southern coast and stretch for 2,200 kilometres to reach Otranto, Italy, via Crete and the Greek mainland.
The pipeline will have the capacity to carry up to 20 billion cubic metres of gas yearly. Europe's gas import needs are projected to increase by 100 billion cubic meters (3.5 billion cubic feet) annually by 2030.
In December, Energy Minister Yuval Steinitz said a study on the EastMed Pipeline Project showed that the link is feasible, even though it presents technical challenges due to the depths involved.
He told The Associated Press the estimated €6.2 billion pipeline could take 6-7 years to build and that the countries involved "are serious about it".
The meeting in Jerusalem on Thursday underscored that fact and Netanyahu implied that Cyprus should also be allowed to search for gas unimpeded by Turkey while Ankara should respect Greece territorial rights in the Aegean.
"Equally we think it is important that all countries respect the territorial waters, internationally recognised territorial waters, and this is something that is important for all of us," Netanyahu said.
According to an official statement issued in Nicosia, Netanyahu noted that "between Greece, Israel and Cyprus we have many things we cooperate on, environment, energy, security, emergency services, tourism and others."
Christodoulides said: "This is the second time in six months we are in Israel. It is very important that our cooperation…is recognised by the international community as having an added value for the stability in the region, our cooperation is recognised as a pillar of stability."
President Nicos Anastasiades said on Thursday that Cyprus and Israel would continue working on further enhancing their cooperation.
Addressing the Opening Ceremony of the Jewish Community Centre and the Ground Breaking of the Jewish Holocaust Museum in Larnaca, Anastasiades said that the trilateral cooperation of Cyprus, Greece and Israel is of strategic importance.
In his speech, the President said the Holocaust was not only a hideous crime and a tragedy for the Jewish people; but a failure of humanity as a whole.
"The people of Cyprus embraced the Jewish refugees that passed from the established camps in Cyprus and significantly helped these Holocaust survivors in rebuilding, once again, their lives and return to their Jewish identities," Anastasiades said.
Cyprus Foreign Minister Nikos Christodoulides travels to Cairo on Friday together with his Greek counterpart Kotzias, for consultations with the Egyptian Foreign Minister Sameh Shoukry, to discuss issues of trilateral and regional interest.


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Amy Donaldson
Testimony of Love
A native of Jacksonville Beach, Florida, Amy Donaldson has exhibited internationally from London to New York, Chicago and California. A 2016 solo show in Paris, Brussels Art Fair, Art Basel Miami, Atlanta's National Juried Exhibitions,and Illinois State Museum. Her work has appeared in Chicago PD, Luxe Magaizne, Nuevo Estilo Magazine, Madrid, Spain and many other publications. Her works are in numerous private and public collections. She currently lives and works in Redding, California.
Evident in each passionate and vibrant composition is Donaldson's strong sense of color and depth of feeling for space and light. This is achieved by her fusion of crushed, powdered, natural pigments with oil paint that are applied in a freely expressive manner. Using tools other than traditional brushes she attacks the surface of the canvas in a direct approach that is additive and subtractive—a process one may associate with sculpture as much as with painting. She lays down luscious, pliant marks across the surface, then scrapes areas of the composition back, then vigorously adds and scrapes again to achieve her goal. Her range of expression comprises the appearance of timeworn erosion of an aging city to the seemingly endless atmospheric depth cloaking a horizon in a hazy light. Sometimes elements of graffiti appear, their looping letters cutting through the roughly layered surface like traces of humanity on aging city walls or an ecstatic cry to the heavens splitting the sky.


KEEP YOUR VISION QUIET: Focus on a dot on the ball to avoid tracking the putter with your eyes.
(1) Put a dot on your ball (inset), and when you replace it after marking, set the ball so the dot is directly on top.
(3) Bring your eyes back to the dot on the ball, and hit the putt while looking at the dot.
This routine will keep the target fresh in your mind and, more important, help you to avoid following the motion of the putterhead, which can lead to poor putting. In effect, you're quieting your vision, so your attention is on only the ball and the entry point on the hole (above). This will improve your feel—and your scores.
I know a lot of players work on swinging the putterhead on the proper path, but what's far more important for accuracy is the position of the putterface when it strikes the ball. Where the face is pointing at impact is virtually all that matters in terms of direction. So when you practice your putting mechanics, focus on striking the ball with a square face.


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Subject: Disney's Hulu Deal Is More Fuel for Our Favorite Streaming Stock
1 + = two Required Please enter the correct value.
Stocks: CMCSA, DIS, NFLX, ROKU
Profit Alerts: Best Investments Alerts, Breaking Stories, Buy & Hold Stocks, Stocks to Watch, Tech Watch
Disney's Hulu Deal Is More Fuel for Our Favorite Streaming Stock
By Alexander Bird, Associate Editor, Money Morning • May 24, 2019
One of our favorite growth stocks owns nearly 40% of a streaming market that could be worth over $120 billion by 2025. And the crazy thing is, the more competitive the industry gets, the more this streaming stock grows.
That's how this stock got another bump last Tuesday, when Comcast Corp. (NASDAQ: CMCSA) announced plans to sell its remaining stake in Hulu to Disney Co. (NYSE: DIS).
That's right – this latest chapter in an increasingly hot streaming market war between Disney and Netflix Inc. (NASDAQ: NFLX) is actually feeding the pockets of another company.
To give you an idea of how this happens, let's first a look at what Disney's full acquisition of Hulu means for the streaming industry. Then, we'll show you a streaming stock that just beat earnings expectations by more than 60% – and will continue to thrive, no matter who wins the streaming war.
Why the Streaming War Is a Facade
Just a few years ago, Hulu was a joint venture supported by several companies, including 21st Century Fox, Time Warner, Comcast's NBCUniversal and Disney. But now that Disney owns Fox and has upped its stake in Hulu, the company looks poised to usurp Netflix's dominant position in the market.
According to reports, Comcast has also struck an agreement with Disney for Hulu to continue carrying some of its most popular NBCUniversal network television content until at least 2024.
This content from NBC will be in addition to the original content Disney is developing for its exclusive streaming platform, Disney+, as well as its astounding library of Marvel and Fox Studios productions.
That's a huge war chest for Disney. And it's one its built at lightning pace.
But that's no reason to count Netflix out.
While Disney may be hot on Netflix's tail, the nation's most popular streaming platform has plenty reason to stay confident.
In just the last five months, Netflix stock has risen 54% on strong earnings and stellar guidance, largely due to the company's relentless efforts to produce new content.
In 2018 alone, Netflix is rumored to have invested roughly $8 billion in the production of original content. That bought Netflix 700 potential new shows and over 80 new films for its platform.
That kind of production gives Netflix a significant edge over its competitors.
The numbers show the company might also have just the right competitive moats to stop any further market penetration. According to a report from Piper Jaffray, only 7% of Netflix subscribers are currently planning to cancel their Netflix subscription in favor of Disney's offerings.
But Netflix and Disney even have other heavy hitters to contend with. Amazon has widely been considered a leader in content quality, with a 75% average score for its library on Rotten Tomatoes and Alpha House. And Apple recently announced its own exclusive streaming service, backed by a host of media giants, including Stephen Spielberg and Oprah Winfrey.
For now, Disney's acquisition of Hulu is the latest shot in what's to be a long, drawn-out battle between streaming stocks.
Thankfully, we don't have to choose a winner. In fact, we can profit from the streaming boom no matter who takes the lion's share…
The Streaming War's Real "Big Winner"
8 − = six
Buy & Hold Stocks (this article)
NASDAQ -8.21 (0.10%) 8177.00
CMCSA 0.11 (0.25%) 44.32
DIS -1.65 (-1.16%) 140.92
NFLX -37.29 (-10.29%) 325.15
ROKU 0.65 (0.59%) 108.69


We never fully established our home in Wayland with furniture and then downsized what we did have when we moved to Centralia.
For a few months everyone who visited seemed content to use stools, folding tables/chairs, a blow up bed, and share our only sofa/ love seat.
But it was obvious when we moved to our new home in Chehalis, which has even more square footage then Wayland, that we had minimal places to sit or eat.
Now that we have moved, we have been blessed to borrow or be gifted many pieces of furniture. We are honored to use furniture for mine and Luke's childhood for the nursery (more on this to come). Plus we were gifted a desk, two bench seats, a bed/ bed frame and several other pieces by family members. These have helped us set up a guest bedroom; which has already gratefully been used several times.
Even with all of these items, we realized we did not have places for people to sit or eat when they visit after Baby Greene is born. We have been looking the past month or so on craigslist and offerup impatiently trying to coordinate the right items, price, and timing/resources to pick something up.
This past weekend, Luke's parents came to help us with any last minute prep before baby. We asked them to bring the trailer so we could pick up furniture. In two days and only two trailer trips, Luke and John were able to pick up a leather couch and chair set, a vinyl couch, and an oak dinning table set with six chairs. All of this costed us less than what an outlet store would offer for a living room set alone.
On top of these blessings, the couple who sold us the leather couch and chair gave us four tall backed bar-stools for free, perfect for our galley kitchen for free. Next thing you know, our living room and family room are full.
This is the first time in our marriage we have bought a couch set and even owned a dinning table set, items we plan to keep for a long time. I am relieved to no longer have guests sleep on a blow up bed or eat around a folding table and chairs. It makes this house feel so much more welcoming.
Thank you family for providing us with furniture and helping us pick-up what we need to establish ourselves and our home.
Well I knew before we even planned on having a baby she would make us a baby quilt, as she had already made a few for my cousin's first kids. So in November I took my mom to the quilt store in Chehalis Washington. After wandering the store for awhile I asked her if she was ready to make another baby quilt . . . this time for us. It was a wonderful moment as I shocked my Mom with the news of our pregnancy, her first grand child.
Little did I know, just like she started the wedding quilt before I was engaged, she had already started a baby quilt before I was pregnant.
She took my color preferences of orange, green, and yellow and choose nursery rhymes as the theme. Once I heard my mom was including embroidery in the quilt I knew this would not be put on the ground for baby to pull out the stitching. I decided that nursery rhymes and lullabies would be a great gender neutral theme for the nursery itself and the quilt would be displayed proudly.
But boy was I in for a surprise when I opened the quilt at the shower. I expected some embellished border or flowers in embroidery.
Instead I opened the quilt to see twelve intricate picture panels of different nursery rhymes: all hand stitched. It was overwhelming and wonderful.
When my mom found out I would display this quilt she decided we could do a gender specific baby quilt for everyday use. Mom and I worked together to choose bright yellow and turquoise, combined with charcoal grey using geometric prints and a tumbler shape.
I wasn't expecting to even see this quilt until the baby was born, knowing how busy my mom was planning for the shower and finishing the other quilt. So again to my surprise I open a gift bag to a completed quilt top. it was awesome to see the colors and designs work together.
As you can imagine both of these gifts a very special to me. I can't wait to put them in the nursery in our new home.
Thank you mom for taking so much time, thoughtfulness, and prayer as you not only put together such a wonderful baby shower for me but also two beautiful and creative quilts that I will always cherish. I know how much this little one is already loved.


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New VP for development named at Saint Meinrad
Duane Schaefer has been appointed vice president for development at Saint Meinrad Archabbey, St. Meinrad, IN, succeeding Michael Ziemianski, who died suddenly on June 25.
Mike Ziemianski, vice president of development, dies June 25
Michael A. Ziemianski, 63, of Floyds Knobs, IN, died early Tuesday morning, June 25, 2019, at Jewish Hospital, following a brief battle with cancer.
Six monks celebrate priesthood jubilees
The Benedictine monks at Saint Meinrad Archabbey in St. Meinrad, IN, celebrated the priesthood ordination jubilees of six of their confreres on May 26, 2019.
49 earn master's degrees from Saint Meinrad Seminary and School of Theology
Graduates of Saint Meinrad Seminary and School of Theology, St. Meinrad, IN, were awarded master's degrees on May 11.
Three ordained deacons at Saint Meinrad
Three seminarians received the order of deacon from the Most Rev. Charles Thompson, archbishop of the Archdiocese of Indianapolis, IN, at the Saint Meinrad Archabbey Church on April 27.


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and pdfSunday, May 30, 2021 6:42:52 AM3
Advantages And Disadvantages Of Flexible Exchange Rate System Pdf
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Fixed exchange rate system
What are the advantages and disadvantages of Flexible Exchange Rates ?
Fixed versus Flexible Exchange Rates: The Everlasting Debate
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A fixed exchange rate , sometimes called a pegged exchange rate , is a type of exchange rate regime in which a currency 's value is fixed or pegged by a monetary authority against the value of another currency, a basket of other currencies , or another measure of value, such as gold. There are benefits and risks to using a fixed exchange rate system. A fixed exchange rate is typically used to stabilize the exchange rate of a currency by directly fixing its value in a predetermined ratio to a different, more stable, or more internationally prevalent currency or currencies to which the currency is pegged. In doing so, the exchange rate between the currency and its peg does not change based on market conditions, unlike in a floating flexible exchange regime. This makes trade and investments between the two currency areas easier and more predictable and is especially useful for small economies that borrow primarily in foreign currency and in which external trade forms a large part of their GDP.
Flexible exchange rate system is claimed to have the following advantages:. Under flexible exchange rate system, a country is free to adopt an independent policy to conduct properly the domestic economic affairs. The monetary policy of a country is not limited or affected by the economic conditions of other countries. A fluctuating exchange rate system protects the domestic economy from the shocks produced by the disturbances generated in other countries. Thus, it acts as a shock absorber and saves the internal economy from the disturbing effects from abroad.
Fixed exchange rate systems were common during the first half of the 20th century. They were strongly favored by governments, since they were mistakenly believed to offer three key advantages. First, they would lower the risk of speculative capital flows that could destabilize the economy. Second, they would introduce greater discipline on domestic policies to avoid inflation. Third, they would remove exchange rate risk and therefore promote international trade. It was thought that speculation would inevitably create unworkable volatility and destabilize a flexible, or freely floating, exchange rate. This would be a damaging for small economies that relied on a high level of international trade.
Unlike fixed exchange rates, these currencies float freely, that is, unrestrained by government controls or trade limits. In consequence, floating exchange rates are in continuous fluctuation. Changes in factors such as interest rates, inflation, political stability, trade flows, tourism and speculation, just to name a few, maintain free-floating currencies in continuous movement. This volatility is perceived as a positive aspect for currency speculators, who account for the vast majority of FX market trading. For companies carrying out business in foreign currencies, however, it poses translation and transaction risks that might seriously impact their profit margins. Theoretically, imbalances in the balance of payments lead to automatic changes in exchange rates.
A fixed exchange rate occurs when a country keeps the value of its currency at a certain level against another currency. Often countries join a semi-fixed exchange rate, where the currency can fluctuate within a small target level. Avoid currency fluctuations. If the value of currencies fluctuates, significantly this can cause problems for firms engaged in trade. Stability encourages investment. The uncertainty of exchange rate fluctuations can reduce the incentive for firms to invest in export capacity.
Let us make an in-depth study of the advantages and disadvantages of the flexible exchange rate system. The chief merit of the freely fluctuating exchange rate is that the BOP disequilibrium gets corrected automatically with the change in exchange rate. If a BOP deficit arises, there would be an excess supply of home currency leading to a fall in exchange rate simply by the market forces of demand and supply. This causes export goods cheaper and import goods dearer. As a result, export tends to rise while imports tend to decline—thereby removing deficit in the BOP account. Similarly, supply in the BOP account means excess demand for home currency and, thus, rise in the exchange rate. This, in turn, encourages imports and discourages exports.
The central bank of a country remains committed at all times to buy and sell its currency at a fixed price. The central bank provides foreign currency needed to finance payments imbalances. What are the main advantages and disadvantages of Fixed Exchange Rates?
The freely floating currency system is the predominant system of foreign exchange that is prevalent in the world today. As globalization has progressed, more countries have abandoned their currency pegs and have allowed their currencies to freely float. Some have been forced to do so by market participants whereas others have made their choice in the light of the advantages that this system has to offer. In this article, we will have a look at the advantages and disadvantages that are faced by any country when it adopts a floating exchange rate regime. Market Determined Rates: Freely floating exchange rate means that the market will determine the rate at which one currency can be exchanged for another.
Он понимал, что пуля лишь слегка оцарапала жертву, не причинив существенного ущерба, тем не менее она сделала свое. Контакт был установлен. Жертва ощутила прикосновение смерти, и началась совершенно иная игра. Беккер мчался, не видя ничего вокруг, постоянно сворачивал, избегая прямых участков.
Он снова ответил Да. Мгновение спустя компьютер подал звуковой сигнал. СЛЕДОПЫТ ОТОЗВАН Хейл улыбнулся. Компьютер только что отдал ее Следопыту команду самоуничтожиться раньше времени, так что ей не удастся найти то, что она ищет.
Коммандер Тревор Стратмор снова стал самим собой - человеком железной логики и самообладания, делающим то, что полагалось делать. Последние слова предсмертной записки Хейла крутились у нее в голове, не повинуясь никаким приказам. И в первую очередь я искренне сожалею о Дэвиде Беккере.
Сьюзан на минуту задумалась. - Склонность к ребячеству, фанат сквоша с подавляемой сексуальностью. Беккер пожал плечами: - Не исключено, что ты попала в точку.
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Let us make an in-depth study of the advantages and disadvantages of the flexible exchange rate system. Advantages: (i) Automatic Adjustment in BOP.
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