text:
\section*{Introduction}
The compound $Nd_{0.5}Sr_{0.5}MnO_{3}$ (NSMO) undergoes a paramagnetic insulator (PMI) to ferromagnetic metal (FMM) transition at ${T_C} \approx 255 K$ and FMM to antiferromagnetic insulator (AFI) transition at lower temperature ${T_N} \approx 150 K$ \cite{Kuwa,Toku}. The PMI to FMM transition is second order in nature, whereas the FMM to AFI transition is first order and shows a hysteretic temperature dependence of both resistivity and magnetization across the transition. Below $T_N$ this system showed large change in resistivity with the application of magnetic field which, was taken as the signature of the isothermal magnetic field induced transition from AFI to FMM state. The reverse FMM to AFI transition was observed with decreasing magnetic field and showed a hysteresis in the isothermal field dependence of resistivity (RH) \cite{Kuwa,Toku}. The hysteretic behaviour for field induced AFI to FMM transition in this compound and related systems \cite{Kuwa,Toku, Tok, Mori} is taken as a characteristic of a first order transition, where both the phases co-exist as (meta)stable phase between the upper critical field (field required for AFI to FMM transition) and lower critical field (field required for FMM to AFI transition). For a canonical first order transition, below  supercooling limit $T^*$, the initial state is recovered after going through a full cycle of the control variable (here magnetic field H). Such canonical behaviour is observed at 60 K for NSMO, see figure 2(a) of \cite{Kuwa}. However, the hysteretic region in RH expands with decreasing temperature and finally showed an open hysteresis loop at low temperatures as shown in figure 2(b)-(d) of \cite{Kuwa},  which shows that system dose not recover its initial state even when the magnetic field cycle is completed and magnetic field is reduced back to zero. Also, the HT phase diagram \cite{Kuwa,Toku} based on isothermal RH measurements showed that upper critical field increases monotonically with decreasing temperature whereas the lower critical field varies non-monotonically with temperature (see figure 3 and 4 of \cite{Kuwa} and figure 3 of \cite{Toku}). Taking lower critical field as following the limit of supercooling curve raises difficulties discussed below as non-monotonic variation is not expected for supercooling limit in a conventional first order transition. The anomalous open hysteresis loop at low temperature shall be addressed in this paper.

We assert that a non-monotonic behaviour of supercooling limit is anomalous and demonstrate the problem using a schematic HT phase diagram as shown in Figure 1. This phase diagram is similar to that shown in earlier work \cite{Kuwa,Toku} except that we have interchanged the horizontal and vertical axis, and highlights the non monotonic variation of supercooling spinodal ($H^*,T^*$) or lower critical field. To understand the problem we consider that the system is cooled in constant magnetic field along path AB. Point A lies above the superheating spinodal ($H^{**},T^{**}$) at which the AFI state is unstable and FMM state is stable; the Landau free energy has single minimum for the FMM state. Point P lies on the super-heating spinodal and a local minimum corresponding to the AFI state is in the process of developing; there is an inflection point but no local minimum \cite{Chai}. Point Q shows both states correspond to local minima in the free energy and since the minima shown are equal it corresponds to the phase transition temperature. As we move from Q to R the minimum corresponding to FMM becomes shallower turning into an inflection point at R which sits on the supercooling spinodal and infinitesimally small fluctuation at point R will transform FMM phase to AFI phase. At lower temperatures like that depicted by point S there is only one minimum corresponding to AFI state. If the supercooling spinodal is non-monotonic then at point B the local minimum corresponding to FMM state must reappear. This is not in accordance with conventional wisdom of how the free energy density evolves with temperature \cite{Chai}.
\begin{figure}[t]
	\begin{center}
	\includegraphics{Figure1.eps}
	\end{center}
	\caption{Schematic HT diagram showing supercooling ($H^*, T^*$) and superheating ($H^{**}, T^{**}$) spinodal and Landau free energy curve for various points along path AB. The vanishing of energy barrier at point R and reappearance at point B is highlighted. See text for details.}
	\label{Figure 1}
\end{figure}

These arguments show that anomalous behavior in NSMO can not be explained by supercooling alone or on the basis of conventional first order phase transition. To propose an alternative to earlier experimental phase diagram \cite{Kuwa,Toku}, one needs to go beyond the first order phase transition and address the issues related to the anomalies observed at low temperature. In fact such anomalous thermomagnetic irreversibility has been observed in a wide variety of systems  and has been extensively investigated during last few years \cite{Bane, Ban, Kran, Ghiv, Shar, Wu, Mane,  Mage, Chat, Kaus}. There is growing evidence that such irreversibility is a result of kinetics of first order transition getting hindered. Manekar et al. \cite{Mane} in their extensive studies of Al doped $CeFe_2$ had observed various anomalous behaviour including open hysteresis loop similar to that observed in NSMO \cite{Kuwa,Toku}. They have proposed interplay between kinetic arrest and supercooling which was tested by their extensive data on Al doped $CeFe_2$. They have suggested that such an interplay would explain the limited data available in NSMO also.

Pursuing this, we invoke kinetic arrest in the compound NSMO to explain observed anomalous behaviour at low temperatures. In this paper, we present a  systematic investigation of first order transition in NSMO, using detailed resistivity and magnetization measurements. In the following, we will first highlight various anomalous features associated with the first order transition which can not be explained by supercooling alone. Then we will show that metastable FMM phase observed at low temperature is a result of kinetically slow dynamics of first order transition rather than a supercooled metastable state. Based on these data we present a phase diagram incorporating kinetic arrest and supercooling/ superheating spinodal. We go beyond earlier work \cite{Kuwa, Toku, Mane} mainly in two accounts; First we test the validity of our proposal for NSMO by traversing novel paths in HT plane which were not traversed in earlier work. It will be shown that by following different measurement protocols one can control or tune the ratio of coexisting FMM and AFI phases at low temperatures. This tunability of coexisting FMM and AFI phases provides a control over their functional properties. Second and more significantly we correlate the disorder broadening of kinetic arrest band (${H_K,T_K}$) and supercooling band (${H^*,T^*}$) as has been proposed recently \cite{Chad}. Our results on NSMO reinforce the inference on other materials \cite{Kran} that regions which have lower supercooling spinodal temperature have their kinetics arrested at higher temperature.

\section*{Experimental Details}
Polycrystalline NSMO is prepared by solid state reaction method and characterized by powder x-ray diffraction. Reitveld analysis of x-ray diffraction data and iodometric titration show that the compound is single phase and stoichiometric. Resistivity measurements are performed by standard four probe technique using a commercial cryostat (Oxford Instruments Inc., UK) with 8-Tesla magnetic field.  Magnetization measurements are carried out using a commercial 14 Tesla Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (Quantum Design, PPMS-VSM).

\section*{Results and discussion}
Figure 2(a) and (b), show the temperature dependence of the resistivity in the absence of magnetic field and magnetization in the presence of low field (500 Oe), respectively, during cooling and heating for the compound NSMO. Both the measurements show two transitions. The high temperature transition from paramagnetic insulator (PMI) to ferromagnetic metallic (FMM) phase is indicated by onset of a sharp increase in magnetization around 230 K and changeover from insulator like to metal like  behavior in resistivity around 200 K. At low temperatures a sharp rise in resistivity around 120 K and corresponding decrease in magnetization with decreasing temperature, indicates another transition from FMM to antiferromagnetic insulating (AFI) phase. Transition from FMM to AFI phase is accompanied by a large thermal hysteresis which indicates first order nature of this transition. As can be seen from Figure 2, the transitions during both cooling as well as warming, are quite broad ($\Delta T \approx 50 K$). The broad transition can be associated with disorder which is natural to multicomponent systems. Such disorder gives rise to a landscape of free energies resulting in a spatial distribution of phase transition line ($H_C, T_C$) across the sample \cite{Imry}. Therefore for a macroscopic system large number of ($H_C, T_C$) lines would form a band. Similarly the spinodal lines corresponding to the limit of supercooling (T*) and superheating (T**) would also be broadened into a band \cite{Kran, Mane, Chad}. Each of these bands are made of quasi-continuum of lines in which each line represents a region of the sample.  Present observations on our polycrystalline NSMO are in qualitative agreement with studies on single crystalline NSMO by Kuwahara et al. \cite{Kuwa} and Tokura et al. \cite{Toku}. They \cite{Kuwa,Toku} also observed a second order PMI to FMM transition at higher temperatures followed by a broad first order FMM to AFI transition at low temperature. The quantitative difference like relatively smaller change in resistivity could be due to disorder inherent in polycrystalline samples. However, these differences between the two samples are unimportant for the present discussion and conclusions drawn in this manuscript will be applicable to both kinds of samples.

\begin{figure}[h]
	\begin{center}
	\includegraphics{Figure2a_2b.eps}
	\end{center}
	\caption{Temperature dependence of (a) resistivity in the absence of magnetic field and (b) magnetization in the presence of 500 Oe magnetic field for the compound $Nd_{0.5}Sr_{0.5}MnO_{3}$ during cooling and warming run.}
	\label{Figure 2}
\end{figure}

The first order transition in this compound can be influenced dramatically with the application of magnetic field and shows strong history or path dependence. This can be seen from the temperature dependence of resistivity and magnetization in presence of various constant magnetic fields. Results for 1  Tesla and 2 Tesla magnetic field are shown in Figure 3.
\begin{figure}[t]
	\begin{center}
	\includegraphics{Figure3a_3b.eps}
	\end{center}
	\caption{Temperature dependence of (a) resistivity and (b) magnetization at 1 and 2 Tesla measured under different protocols. ZFC indicates measurement taken during warming for the labeled field applied at the lowest temperature after cooling the sample in zero field. FCC/FCW indicates measurement taken subsequently during cooling/warming with the field kept on. Large difference between ZFC (open symbol) and FCC/FCW (solid symbol) is clearly visible in all the measurement and ZFC is laying outside FCW and FCC curves.}
	\label{Figure 3}
\end{figure}
For these measurements samples were cooled under zero field condition to the lowest temperature of measurement and then above mentioned field applied isothermally at this temperature. The resistivity and magnetization is measured under above mentioned constant magnetic field in following sequence: (a) warming to highest temperature of measurement (ZFC), (b) cooling under same field to lowest temperature (FCC) and again (c) warming under same field (FCW). As can be seen from Figure 3, the transition from FMM to AFI state shifts to lower temperature at higher magnetic field. These observations are consistent with the resistivity measurement on single crystalline NSMO \cite{Toku}. However, ZFC curves, which were not shown earlier for NSMO, shows anomalous behavior. At low temperatures  there is a large difference between ZFC and corresponding FC (field cooled) curves. Similar behavior is observed in magnetization measurements (Fig. 3(b)), which shows distinctly higher magnetization for FCW/FCC curve compared to ZFC below transition temperature. The difference between ZFC and FC curve persist up to or above 100 K. Another interesting feature is that difference between the ZFC and FC curves increases with increasing magnetic field. Though such bifurcation in the history dependent magnetization is expected to arise for metastable magnetic systems or domain wall dynamics in ferromagnets, contrary to present observation (Figure 3), it is generally not coupled with similar bifurcation in resistivity. Moreover, the increase in the difference between the ZFC and FC curves with increasing magnetic field dose not take place for any of the above mentioned systems contrary to the observation in Figure 3(b). For all such conventional systems the bifurcation between ZFC and FC magnetization actually decreases with the increase in field. Therefore different behavior for FC and ZFC curve indicates different magnetic states across these paths. Since FC curve have higher magnetization and lower resistivity we can infer that FC curve corresponds to larger fraction of FMM phase compared to ZFC curve.

Another anomalous feature associated with this transition can be seen in isothermal magnetization measurements. Figure 4 (a) and (b) show MH curves recorded at various constant temperatures. For these measurements sample was cooled under zero field condition from room temperature to measurement temperature before recording the MH curve.
\begin{figure}[b]
	\begin{center}
	\includegraphics{Figure4a_4b.eps}
	\end{center}
	\caption{The magnetic field dependence of magnetization at various temperatures showing return MH move (a) to higher field values below 60K and (b) to lower field values above 60K.  Whereas the forward MH curve moves to lower field values monotonically with increasing temperature}
	\label{Figure 4}
\end{figure}
The forward MH curve ($0 \to H_{max}$) shows a sharp step in magnetization with increasing magnetic field, indicating a field induced AFI to FMM transition. As can be observed from Figure 4(a) and (b) the forward MH curve ($0 \to H_{max}$) moves monotonically to lower field values with increasing temperature from 5 to 100 K. It indicates that the magnetic field required for the AFI to FMM transition becomes smaller monotonically with increasing temperature. Similarly the return MH curve ($H_{max} \to 0$), which reflects the transition from FMM to AFI state, moves to lower field values with increasing temperature above 60 K (Figure 4(b)). This is expected as the FMM phase is stable to lower temperature in higher magnetic field. In contrast to this,  below 60 K, return MH curves (Figure 4(a)) show opposite trend i.e. transition from FMM to AFI shifts to lower field values with decreasing temperature. This indicates that below 60 K FMM phase exists down to lower field values at lower temperature. For a conventional first order transition such non monotonic behavior is not expected. This anomaly is demonstrated more explicitly in the HT phase diagram.

Figure 5 shows this phase diagram for first order transformation in NSMO, which is obtained from isothermal MH (as shown above) and RH curves. This phase diagram shows the temperature dependence of $H_{up}$ (critical field required for AFM to FMM transition) and $H_{dn}$ (critical field required for FMM to AFM transition). These values of critical magnetic field are taken as the magnetic field at which first derivative of magnetization in MH and second derivative of resistivity in RH shows an extremum. Due to absence of sharp features in RH curves across the transition, calculated critical field can have larger error compared to that obtained from MH curves. This phase diagram shown in Figure 5 is qualitatively similar to phase diagram of single crystalline NSMO \cite{Kuwa,Toku}. As expected, $H_{up}$ increases with decreasing temperature as AFI phase is stable at low temperature. Whereas $H_{dn}$ initially increases with decreasing temperature, shows a shallow maximum around 60 K ($T_a$) and then starts decreasing with further lowering of temperature. The consequences of such non-monotonic variation of $H_{dn}$ are discussed in introduction section where it is shown that supercooling alone is not sufficient to explain such behaviour.

\begin{figure}[ht]
	\begin{center}
	\includegraphics{Figure5.eps}
	\end{center}
	\caption{(a) HT diagram for the compound $Nd_{0.5}Sr_{0.5}MnO_{3}$ (NSMO) showing critical field required for AFI to FMM transitions (Hup) and FMM to AFI transition (Hdn). Triangles and circles respectively represent the critical field obtained from M vs. H curve and R vs. H curves.  Shaded regions shows the kinetic arrest $(H_K,T_K)$, supercooling ($H^*, T^*$) and superheating ($H^{**}, T^{**}$) spinodals for NSMO.}
	\label{Figure 5}
\end{figure}

Some of these anomalous behaviour observed for NSMO, had also been observed in other system e.g. $Ce(Fe_{0.96}Al_{0.04})_2$ \cite{Mane,Sing}, Pr doped $La_{5/8}Ca_{3/8}MnO_{3}$ \cite{Ghiv, Shar}, $Pr_{0.5}Ca_{0.5}Mn_{0.975}Al_{0.025}O_{3}$ \cite{Ban}, $Pr_{0.5}Sr_{0.5}MnO_{3}$ \cite{Bane} etc. In these studies such behaviour is attributed to arrested metastable high temperature phase coexisting with stable phase at low temperatures. In case of $Ce(Fe_{0.96}Al_{0.04})_2$ \cite{Mane,Sing} it has been shown that due to critically slow dynamics of phase transition, the transformation from high temperature to low temperature phase is hindered on measurement time scale, resulting in the  glass like arrest of a long range ordered state at low temperatures \cite{Chatt}. It is worth to note here that such kinetically arrested metastable (glass) states are different from the metastable supercooled state \cite{Kran,Chad}. It has been already highlighted in Kranti Kumar et al \cite{Kran}, that supercooled state (but not the metastable kinetically arrested state) will undergo metastable to stable transformation on lowering temperature. In other words relaxation time decreases with decrease in temperature for supercooled state whereas the relaxation time increases with decrease in temperature for glassy state.

Therefore the metastable FMM state at low temperature in NSMO can be treated as kinetically arrested state.  For this we consider ($H_K,T_K$) band below which transformation from high temperature phase (FMM) to low temperature phase (AFI) is hindered on measurement time scale. In other words, if a FMM phase crosses the kinetic arrest band ($H_K,T_K$) before crossing the corresponding supercooling spinodal then it will remain in FMM phase even after crossing the supercooling spinodal ($H^*,T^*$). These bands i.e. kinetic arrest band ($H_K,T_K$), supercooling band ($H^{*},T^{*}$) and superheating band ($H^{**},T^{**}$) are shown in Figure 5 as hatched area. As argued previously \cite{Imry}, these bands are constituted of the representative ($H_K,T_K$), ($H^*,T^*$) and ($H^{**},T^{**}$) lines related to different regions of the samples. The anomalous features observed in Figure 3 and 4, now can be explained using this new HT diagram. For example in Figure 3, measurements were performed along path CD (Figure 5) after cooling the sample following different paths. For ZFC curve, we reached the lowest temperature i.e. point C, along path AB (under zero field) and then applied magnetic field isothermally to reach point C. Since along path AB supercooling band ($H^*,T^*$) is traversed before crossing the  arrest band ($H_K,T_K$), sample will be completely in AFI state at point B. Sample will remain in AFI state at point C as it is below ($H^{**},T^{**}$) band. So ($H_K,T_K$) band has no role to play. Therefore ZFC curve along path CD will start with completely AFI state.  The transition to FMM phase will occur on crossing the ($H^{**},T^{**}$) band. FCC curve will starts from point D with fully FMM phase and transformation to AFI phase will complete on crossing the ($H^*,T^*$) band. However, for some regions of the sample the ($H_K,T_K$) lines will be crossed before the corresponding ($H^*,T^*$) lines \cite{Kran}. Therefore, there will be only a partial transformation from FMM to AFI phase and some regions will get arrested in FMM state. Since FMM phase is arrested on cooling and cannot transform to the equilibrium AFI phase on measurement time scale, this coexistence will persist in field cooling down to the lowest temperature. This is in contrast to ZFC curve, where at point C entire sample is in AFI state therefore having much higher resistivity or lower magnetization compared to FCC. And now, FCW curve will start with partial frozen FMM phase. On warming, the dearrest of FMM phase will start on crossing the ($H_K,T_K$) band in opposite sense. This is evident from the decrease in M or increase in R of the FCW path after it bifurcate from FCC curve at low temperature (figure 3). Subsequent warming will lead to the transformation of AFI phase to FMM phase on crossing the ($H^{**},T^{**}$) band. If we increase the magnetic field to say 2 Tesla, then arrest band will appear at higher temperature resulting in more arrested FMM phase on field cooling. Beyond certain field values entire sample will cross ($H_K,T_K$) band before crossing the ($H^*,T^*$) band during field cooling (e.g. path GH) resulting in a completely arrested FMM phase at low temperature.

In above experiments the arrested FMM phase is obtained by varying temperature in presence of constant magnetic field i.e. when ($H_K,T_K$) band is crossed before ($H^*,T^*$) band during field cooling. Sample cooled in zero field to the left of ($H_K,T_K$) band is in completely AFI phase (Figure 5). This stable AFI phase can be converted to kinetically arrested FMM phase by varying magnetic field at low temperature. When we apply a magnetic field large than $H^{**}$ on a zero field cooled sample, say along path BE, it is transformed completely from AFI state to FMM state. Now reducing magnetic field to zero will not result in AFI state until and unless sample crosses the ($H_K,T_K$) band in opposite sense.  Therefore we can have different magnetic states at H=0 before and after the application of magnetic field. Before the application of magnetic field we had stable AFI phase whereas after the application of magnetic field we get kinetically arrested FMM phase along with AFI phase. Further field cycling will transform the remaining AFI phase to and from FMM phase whereas kinetically arrested FMM phase will remain frozen. Some of such isothermal MH and RH loop measurements are shown in Figure 6 for NSMO. For these isothermal measurements sample is cooled under zero field to measurement temperature and then magnetic field is applied to measure the field dependence of resistivity and magnetization. With increasing magnetic field (path i: $0 \to H_{max}$) both resistivity and magnetization  shows magnetic field induced transition from AFI to FMM phase. With decreasing field (path ii: $H_{max} \to 0$) the reverse transition from FMM to AFI as seen in Figure 6, starts at lower field compared to $H_{up}$ and finally at low temperatures FMM to AFI transformation does not complete even down to zero magnetic field which is clearly visible in RH data shown in Figure 6(a) and (b). These curves shows two distinct anomalies: (i) There is a large difference between zero field resistivity before and after the application of magnetic field at low temperature. This observation is similar to that observed by Kuwahara et al. and Tokura et al. in their single crystalline NSMO \cite{Kuwa, Toku, Tok}. (ii) Secondly, the virgin curve (path i: $0 \to H_{max}$) is lying outside the envelope curve (path iii to v: $0 \to -H_{max} \to +H_{max}$) for both MH and RH measurements. This anomaly does not show up unless the path (iii to v) is also traversed. Both the anomalies becomes pronounced at low temperatures. These behaviours arise due to arrested FMM phase obtained after the application of magnetic field. Since only a fraction of sample crosses ($H_K,T_K$) band at the end of path (ii) along EB, we get the coexisting stable AFI phase along with kinetically arrested metastable FMM phase at zero field. Therefore zero field resistivity is smaller after the application of magnetic field. With increasing temperature more and more fraction crosses ($H_K,T_K$) band with decreasing magnetic field which results in an increased AFI fraction at the end of path (ii).
\begin{figure}[t]
	\begin{center}
	\includegraphics{Figure6a_6f.eps}
	\end{center}
	\caption{Magnetic field dependence of resistivity and magnetization at various constant temperatures. A large difference between zero field resistivity before and after the application of magnetic field and virgin curve (open symbols) lying outside the envelop curve (solid symbol) at low temperatures. See text for details.}
	\label{Figure 6}
\end{figure}
Therefore the difference between zero field resistivity before and after the application of magnetic field decreases at higher temperature. This explains our data in figure 6 and also the measurements of Kuwahara et al. \cite{Kuwa}.

The envelope curve at low temperature starts with kinetically arrested metastable FMM phase and stable AFI phase and reflects the transformation of AFI phase along with field dependence of FMM phase. Therefore virgin curve will lie outside the envelope curve as the arrested FMM phase has higher magnetization (lower resistivity). The virgin and envelope curves merge at high field where the sample is in homogeneous FMM state. The difference between envelope and virgin curve will decrease with increasing temperature due to decrease in arrested FMM fraction at the end of path (ii). For temperatures $T \geq T_a$, ($H^*,T^*$) band will determine the FMM to AFI transition during isothermal measurements, as with decreasing magnetic field de-arrest will take place before hitting the corresponding supercooling line for a particular region.

These observations show that the transformation from FMM to AFI phase is kinetically arrested below ($H_K,T_K$). In other words if there is any FMM phase to the left of ($H_K,T_K$) band then it will not transform back to AFI phase until and unless it crosses the ($H_K,T_K$) band in opposite sense. Therefore we expect arrested FMM phase to convert to AFI phase with reducing field after crossing the ($H_K,T_K$) band. These tendencies were probed by field annealing measurement. These measurements not only test the validity of our phase diagram but also brings in to light new observation. For these measurements a constant magnetic field $H_{an}$ (annealing field) is applied well above ($H_C,T_C$)  and then sample is cooled to selected temperatures to record isothermal RH or MH curve with reducing field from $H_{an}$ to zero. Results of such measurement are shown in figure 7, which highlights following features;

\begin{figure}[t]
	\begin{center}
	\includegraphics[width=7cm]{Figure7a_7f.eps}
	\end{center}
	\caption{((a)-(c) RH and (d)-(e) MH at various constant temperatures for NSMO cooled under different annealing field $H_{an}$ from $T>T_N$. Vertical arrows indicate dearrest field. These measurements across novel path test the correlation between kinetic arrest and supercooling band. See text for details.}
	\label{Figure 7}
\end{figure}

(i) Both resistivity and magnetization depends on annealing field $H_{an}$.

(ii) For $H_{an}\leq 3$ Tesla, both RH and MH curves are almost distinct. This feature is more prominent at low temperature where a large difference is observed even when magnetic field is reduced to zero, e.g. see figure 7(a).

(iii) The RH and MH curve merge together with decreasing magnetic field at 25 K and 40 K. The curves for higher $H_{an}$ merge in the lower temperature measurements (contrast figure 7(b)and 7(e) with 7(c) and (f)).

(iv) The magnetic field at which these curves merge together increases with increasing temperature. The merger points are shown by vertical arrow in figure 7(b),(c),(e) and (f). The significance of these features are discussed below.

At 5 K, as shown in Figure 7(a), resistivity values are dependent on annealing fields $H_{an}$ in which sample is cooled to 5 K. Smaller resistivity values with increasing $H_{an}$ indicate larger kinetically arrested FMM phase as with increasing $H_{an}$ more and more regions cross corresponding kinetic arrest line before crossing the supercooling line during cooling. For magnetic field 5 and 3 Tesla, resistivity curves are almost identical, which indicates for $H_{an}\geq 3$ Tesla entire sample crosses the ($H_K,T_K$) band before crossing the ($H^*,T^*$) band. This is consistent with magnetization at 10K (Figure 7(d)) where for fields higher than 3 Tesla magnetization has negligible dependence on $H_{an}$ and it is around $3\mu_B$/Mn. From a comparison with saturation magnetization at 10 K we infer almost fully ferromagnetic phase  for  annealing field larger than 3 Tesla. For annealing field 2 and 1 Tesla magnetization is equivalent to $\approx 80\%$ and $30\%$ of FMM phase, respectively.

The observed change in resistivity with reducing magnetic field at 5 K is much smaller compared to resistivity difference produced by different annealing field. RH curves remains distinct with reducing magnetic field down to zero. It results in a large difference in resistivity values even at H=0 for different annealing field. This shows that with reducing magnetic field at 5 K only a small fraction of sample crosses the ($H_K,T_K$) band as magnetic field is reduced to zero resulting in large difference between zero field resistivity values. Therefore most of the arrested FMM phase remains frozen down to zero magnetic field (This feature is not so obvious in MH measurement, see Figure 7(d), as magnetization goes to zero for FMM phase also at zero field). Therefore field annealing measurements indicate that one can tune the FMM fraction at low temperature by varying annealing field.

At 25 K and 40 K also, resistivity and magnetization both are dependent on $H_{an}$ as shown in Figure 7(b),(d), (e) and (f). This is expected if these temperature and field values are to the left of ($H_K,T_K$) band in figure 5. However, in contrast to 5 K, at 25 K both RH and MH curves for $H_{an}$ = 2 and 3 Tesla merges around $\approx 0.5$ Tesla indicated by vertical arrow in the figure 7(b) and (e). Whereas 1 Tesla curve remains distinct down to 0 Tesla. It suggests that regions which are arrested for field $H_{an} \geq 2$ Tesla show de-arrest at 25 K with reducing magnetic field. At 40K, as shown in figure 7(c) and (f),  all the curves ($H_{an}$ = 1, 2 and 3 Tesla) merge together with decreasing magnetic field which indicates  that regions which are arrested for field values $H_{an} \geq 1$ Tesla are de-arrested with decreasing magnetic field. Also the curve for $H_{an}$ = 2 and 3 Tesla merge together before merging with 1 Tesla curve with decreasing magnetic field. Secondly the merger point for  $H_{an}$ = 2 and 3 Tesla curve is shifted to higher field values at 40 K as compared to 25 K. These results show that region arrested in higher annealing field lie to the high temperature end of the ($H^*,T^*$) band, but de-arrest at higher H on isothermal reduction of field indicates such regions lie to the low temperature end of the ($H_K,T_K$) band. In fact the behavior of MH curves shown in Figure 7(f) is similar to schematic diagram shown in figure 2 (b) of Chaddah et al. \cite{Chad}, where correlation between kinetic arrest band and supercooling spinodal has been addressed. It was shown that such kind of MH behaviour is expected for anticorrelated kinetic arrest band and supercooling spinodal. Similar MH behaviour is also observed for the compound $Ce(Fe_{0.98}Os_{0.02})_2$ \cite{Kran}, which also shows a first order FM to AFM transition with lowering temperature and kinetically arrested ferromagnetic phase. From these studies we infer that ($H_K,T_K$) band and ($H^*,T^*$) band are anticorrelated in NSMO i.e. regions which have higher ($H_K,T_K$) have lower ($H^*,T^*$). It is interesting to note here that so far anticorrelation appears to be universal feature.  Disorder seems to hinder the kinetics of first order transition. Therefore it results in a higher kinetic arrest temperature for a more disordered region whereas the transition temperature decreases with increasing disorder. Such studies can provide more insight to  glassy transitions due to easy tunability of magnetic field.

In this paper, we have not reported measurements of slow relaxation in magnetization and in resistivity. The data shown corresponding to the kinetic arrest band in figure 5 is obtained when rapid de-arrest of the FMM phase takes place. The unstable but kinetically arrested FMM phase transforms rapidly to the stable AFI state either on raising temperature or on lowering H, akin to the de-vitrification of glass. The high-field end of this band lies above the supercooling band, and that can only be mapped by measurements of slow relaxation where the relaxation time will diverge as one lowers temperature and approaches T$_{K}$ \cite{Chatt}. Such studies will be undertaken in future work.

\section*{Conclusions}
Anomalous nature of first order AFI to FMM transition in NSMO has been elucidated by transport and magnetic measurements. It has been shown that one has to invoke glass like arrest of kinetics to explain observed thermo-magnetic irreversibility in this system. This also explains that the FMM to AFI transition (de-arrest) with magnetic field  is broadened as temperature is lowered while the AFI to FMM transition becomes sharper (see Figure 2 of \cite{Kuwa}). A H-T phase diagram consisting of kinetic arrest band and supercooling and superheating spinodal has been proposed for this system. It has been shown that below ~60 K, kinetic arrest dominates the FMM to AFI transition. This results in coexistence of AFI and kinetically arrested FMM phase at low temperature, even though the equilibrium phase is AFI. The ratio of these coexisting phases can be controlled by traversing novel paths in HT space. The competing tendencies of kinetic arrest and supercooling is studied by field annealing measurements. It has been shown that for $H_{an}\geq$ 3 tesla entire sample can be arrested in to FMM state at low temperature. These measurements also indicate that regions arrested at higher temperature ($H_K,T_K$) have lower supercooling temperature ($H^*,T^*$) and vice versa. This anticorrelation between kinetic arrest and supercooling seem to be a universal feature. Since this model depends on few parameters and describes the state of a system for any path in HT space, similar studies will be useful for several other such systems where blocked metastable states have been observed.

\ack{Acknowledgments}
We would like to thank S.B. Roy (RRCAT, Indore) for fruitful discussions. DST, Government of India is acknowledged for funding the VSM. KM acknowledges CSIR, India.

\section*{References}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


text:
Deepika Kumari's Tokyo 2020 Olympics journey ends in defeat against San An
Deepika Kumari bows out of Tokyo 2020 Olympics
Deepika had earlier defeated Ksenia Pervoa, but couldn't go past the quarter-final stage.
Ace Indian archer Deepika Kumari lost her quarter-final match against top-seed San An of Korea in straight sets (6-0) in women's individual archery event on Friday. That defeat ended Deepika's journey at Tokyo 2020 Olympics.
Deepika had a poor start to the match, beginning with a lowly 7. And while she did score 10s in her following attempts, San An had already accumulated 30 points in the first set.
Deepika started the second set with a 10, but faded further after getting two 7s. She completed the second set with just 24 points, compared to An's 26. It was the same old story in the final set. San An scored 26 while Deepika managed 7, 8, 9 to finish the set with 24 points.
San An's form at the ongoing Summer Games has been breathtaking, to say the least. She has already won two gold medals in Women's Team and Mixed Team events, and is the favourite to clinch gold in individual category as well.
At just 20 years of age, An made headlines when she created a new Olympic record with a score of 680 points in the qualifying. She surpassed the previous figure of 673 points scored by Lina Herasymenko of Ukraine.
Earlier in the day, Deepika made a winning start, having comprehensively beaten Ksenia Perova of Russian Olympic Committee in the pre-quarterfinals. The game needed a shoot-out to decide the winner as scores were tied at 5-5 after five sets. She was helped by the Russian who could only hit a 7 in her attempt. In response, the Indian archer scored a perfect 10 to advance.
With that being said, all eyes will now be on Atanu Das, who is the only Indian archer left in the individual category. The 29-year-old caused an upset on Thursday, July 29 when he defeated former Olympic gold medalist Jinhyek Oh of Korea in the pre-quarterfinal. Next up for the Indian archer is a stern test against Takaharu Furukawa of Japan in the quarter-final.
Featured photo: Instagram / Deepika Kumari

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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AEROSMITH FRONTMAN STEVEN TYLER REPORTEDLY WORKING WITH A NEW MANAGER
January 27, 2014Dana 7 Comments
Page Six of The New York Post reports:
Aerosmith frontman Steven Tyler has hired manager Larry Rudolph to reinvigorate his career, sources tell Page Six.
We're told Tyler and Rudolph, who already manages Britney Spears, were spotted out together last week leading up to the Grammys in Los Angeles, sparking speculation they're working together.
On Wednesday, the two were seen huddling at Soho House; the next day, Tyler and Rudolph turned up at the opening of 1Oak in LA.
Partygoers told us Tyler "got on the mic and sang Walk This Way" in front of guests including Leonardo DiCaprio, Ryan Phillippe, Paris Hilton, Ne-Yo, Rachel Hunter, Brian Austin Green, Russell Simmons, Tiësto and Julianne Hough.
Tyler parted ways with former manager Simon Fuller in April after several disagreements over his failed deal to return to American Idol, and signed with Bruce Flohr at Red Light Management, which reps the Dave Matthews Band, Switchfoot and Parachute. A rep for Tyler didn't get back to Page Six.
source: pagesix.com
‹ EDDIE TRUNK SLAMS THE GRAMMY'S: "THEY JUST HAVE NO CLUE AT ALL WHEN IT COMES TO ROCK AND HEAVY METAL"
1/25: NEW TMS TONIGHT, NEW LIVE GIGS, ZAKK WYLDE, MUCH MORE. ›
Roland on January 27, 2014 at 12:57 pm
So rather than concentrate on writing old school rockin' songs for Aerosmith without the assistance of outside writers, you instead hire Britney F'N Spears' manager to continue your mediocre collaborations of ballad songs, only this time for Brand Tyler! No thanks!
Dave Balzano on January 27, 2014 at 4:13 pm
The last album had its moments, but was overlong and didn't produce any enduring radio songs, though I like it overall and agree with Eddie's favorable review. Then again, which old school rock band has done well on radio or sales lately? Even the mighty U2 didn't produce a significant hit off their last album and Van Halen suffered the same fate. They do go out and clean up on tour however. That said, hooking up with Britney's management doesn't sound like the direction old school Aerosmith fans want the band to go in.
Timothy Murdoch on January 27, 2014 at 6:53 pm
This guy goes through managers like socks.
phillip on January 27, 2014 at 7:24 pm
he should get the fuck away from Hollywood and write new music with Joe Perry
abe on January 27, 2014 at 10:27 pm
Aerosmith hasn't made a SOLID album of original rock and roll since PUMP, so who gives a crap. He should do what he wants to do in his senior years and we can enjoy the band live, playing mostly the classics anyway. None of us would want him telling us how to live OUR lives.
DR on January 28, 2014 at 11:50 am
Great. More worthless crap from a once-heralded greatest front man of all time (by some). Dude must be back on the blow and doing more than we realize and must need the $$$. Why else would you absolutely shred your legacy with Aerosmith and persue this avenue of garbage? Get back with Joe and write songs.


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Sneaky reveals new League of Legends plans after being benched by Cloud9
by Dustin Steiner
Cloud9 LCS Sneaky
Long-time member of Cloud9 Zachary 'Sneaky' Scuderi has departed the organization in order to stream independently, as well as take a break from professional League of Legends.
Sneaky has announced his future plans to focus on streaming independently, away from Cloud9 for the first time since joining the team in May, 2013.
"I've been thinking about this decision for the past month of so," Sneaky said in a tweet. "I think it's finally come to the point where I will be starting my adventure into streaming as an independent."
Future plans! pic.twitter.com/Ll3eUaqZTW
— Zach Scuderi (@Sneaky) January 15, 2020
"Streaming has always been something I enjoy a lot, being able to have fun showing off my skills, connecting with my viewers and just having fun being myself. " he continued.
Sneaky was a member of Cloud9 since its inception in the Championship Series. He had been a part of the roster since it was known as Quantic Gaming and purchased by Jack Etienne. He eventually was stood down from the active roster and became a streamer for Cloud9 while he was on the bench.
He will remain a part-owner of Cloud9 and will stay on in an advisory capacity while he is pondering his next moves, which could include a return to pro play if the right offer comes along.
Read More: Tyler1 explains why he "couldn't carry" Sneaky at All-Stars
"[This move] is not a permanent retirement," he elaborated. "I might return to pro play as I still do have the competitive drive. I just want the best possible opportunity for it and that has to start with taking a break."
Sneaky will hang up the competitive mouse for the first time since 2013, for now.
Sneaky went on to say that Cloud9 owner Jack Etienne attempted to find Sneaky a new home on a LCS roster, but was unable to find one to Sneaky's satisfaction, and did not block him from negotiating with any teams.
Read More: Sneaky brings NieR:Automata's 2B to life in stunning cosplay
During his professional career, he became the first player to reach 1000 kills and 2000 assists on August 4, and had three career pentakills. Two of those came in the 2016 season, with one coming on the IEM circuit against Unicorns of Love in 2014.
These days, Sneaky has become famous for his various cosplay of female characters both in League of Legends and other franchises.
Darius and Yasuo's designer no longer working on TFT or LoL
Riot tease League of Legends 2020 plans: Clash, champions, events, more
Game-breaking League of Legends bug permanently sticking players to Sett
League of Legends Eternals system revamped after mass community criticism


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Reviewed book: Colombian Cinema: Aesthetics, modernity and culture, by Guillermo Pérez La Rotta professor at the School of Humanities and Social Unicauca.
Constituciones nacionales y pueblos indígenas (National constitutions and indigenous peoples) a compilation by Alcida Ramos, who collects papers presented at an international symposium on advances and setbacks post constitutions indigenous policies.
Book Review Augusto Rivera, edited by Cristobal Gnecco, showing the graphic and pictorial work of one of the most important Colombian artists of the second half of the twentieth century.
Book Review Cuadernos de Epistemología 6 ( "Notenooks of Epistemology 6 "). Several authors make reflections on the scientific, natural, social and human knowledge, created by the researcher at EAFIT University, Juan Manuel Restrepo Cuartas.
The theoretical contribution of Javier Tobar to the knowledge of the Carnival of Blacks and Whites in Pasto, Colombia.
Review the work: The party is a must. Intellectual artisans in the imagination of possible worlds by anthropologist Javier Tobar.
Professor Rivera presents the book Antologia Personal (Personal Anthology) by poet Giovanni Quessep published by University of Cauca Press.


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Steve Geppi né à Baltimore le  est un distributeur et éditeur américain.

Biographie
Stephen A. Geppi naît à Baltimore le . Après être passé d'un travail à l'autre, il travaille comme postier jusqu'en 1974. À cette date, il décide d'ouvrir une librairie spécialisée dans les comics. Il propose les nouveautés mais passe aussi beaucoup de temps à chercher les comics anciens. En 1982, il possède quatre magasins. Au début des années 1990, il fonde la société de distribution Diamond Comic Distribution. Cette société devient en quelques années une des plus importantes. En 1994, Diamond possède 27 entrepôts aux États-Unis, Canada et Royaume-Uni et emploie entre 750 et 900 personnes. Elle a sa propre société de transport et contrôle 45% du marché faisant 222 millions de dollars de ventes. En 1996 l'autre grande société de distribution Capital City risque la banqueroute et est racheté pat Diamond. En 1996, la société de distribution de Marvel Comics est aussi menacée de disparaître et Steve Geppi en profite pour signer un contrat d'exclusivité avec Marvel comme il l'avait fait quelques années plus tôt avec DC Comics, Dark Horse Comics et Image Comics. EN 1996, Diamond est en situation de monopole pour la distribution de comics.

Références

Liens externes

Naissance en janvier 1950
Naissance à Baltimore
Chef d'entreprise américain

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


If you have a sick or disabled child, this site is for you. The exact diagnosis doesn't matter because the problems, worries and fears covered here are those common to all parents in your situation.
This site is about feelings and how to cope with them. It is about the help available and how to get the best from it. It is about the great taboos that no one talks about like death and failing to cope. The ideas in here are parent size ones you can try yourself. They are based on people's practical experiences, not vague theory. But they are only suggestions, not rules. Don't feel you must follow them all slavishly - use them as starting points for your own solutions.
This site contains the information I searched for in vain when I was told my own two boys were incurably ill with cystic fibrosis. I was frightened of my own emotions, and I needed to know that it was all right to feel so bad. I wanted information written for parents rather than about them, information which didn't just list the problems I was having but also suggested ways I could improve matters. In the end, I gave up looking and decided to write it myself. The resulting book is now out of print so I've put the text on this site instead.
Click here to visit A Special Child in the Family's website.


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houston (713) 524-1010 TX HILL COUNTRY (830) 796-8878
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(Of Counsel – Houston; DWI/Crim. Law/Appellant Board Cert. by TBLS)
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October 28, 2020 February 27, 2016 by Jim Slaton
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GARY TRICHTER NOW LICENSED TO PRACTICE LAW IN WYOMING
CHEYENNE, WY — J. Gary Trichter, Founder And Principle Of Trichter & LeGrand, P.C., A Law Firm Focusing On DWI Defense And Criminal Defense In Houston And In Bandera, Texas (Serving The Texas Hill Country), Was Sworn In On Friday, February 26, 2016 By Justice William Hill Of The Wyoming Supreme Court Making Him A Member Of The Wyoming State Bar And Allowing Him To Practice Law In Wyoming.
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Besides Wyoming, Trichter Is Licensed To Practice Law In Texas, Alaska And Colorado.
He was the first DWI Specialist In Texas to earn The Designation Of "DWI Specialist" Which Means He Is Board Certified DWI/DUI By The National College For DUI Defense–The Sole Entity Approved By The American Bar Association To Grant Such A Qualification (The Texas Bar Association Does Not Have A Board Certification In DWI Defense But It Does Recognize The ABA DWI Board Certification).
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According To Mr. Trichter, The Swearing In Ceremony Was The Cap To A "Perfect Day" Beginning With Him Flying An R 22 II Helicopter From Denver To Cheyenne And Back To Get Sworn In.
"The Weather Was Beautiful And The Day Has Been Filled With Blessings," He Said.
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What You Need to Know About the Four Propositions on the Texas Ballot
March 1, 2016 is a very important election day in Texas, because you are being asked to vote not only on candidates but also on four propositions.
As I have said many times, you, as Americans and Texans, are part of "We the People."
In that role, you have an absolute right to vote any way you want, but you have an obligation and a duty to cast only an informed vote—that means being INFORMED.
As part of the democratic process, it is always a good idea to share your ideas with others, to be open- minded about differences of opinion and to always follow your conscience.
With that idea in mind, I want to share my ideas with you on the four propositions that will be before you.
I believe that our country is headed toward several critical forks in the road, and if we choose unwisely, our path could be one of dire self-destruction.
I say this not to scare you, but rather as an attempt to focus your attention on the importance of this election.
Below, I have posted the four propositions that are on the upcoming ballot and the ballot's brief explanation, as well as my commentary about what it is asking you to vote on.
Indeed, the absence of a greater explanation on the ballot actually misrepresents what the proposition is really asking.
I welcome your thoughts—whether you agree with me or not. That's part of what being an American is about!
A Founding Father's Point of View on Propositions 1, 2, 3 and 4.
The explanations following each proposition below should have included the text of the Ninth and Tenth Amendments.
If we turn back the pages of history, the founding fathers thought it very important that the federal government be a LIMITED one.
They created a system of checks and balances to create those limits on purpose.
We have heard that our government has three branches: the Executive, the Legislative and the Judicial.
Actually, our system has five branches.
OUR FOURTH BRANCH OF GOVERNMENT
As contemplated by the framers of the Constitution, "We the People" reserve power for ourselves and place other power in the government.
In truth and practice, our ability to vote makes us "We the People," the fourth branch of government.
In 1788, the Constitution was born and in 1791 the Bill of Rights spelled out its specific limitations by enumerating powers reserved for the people.
Clearly, at that time it was not debatable that the federal government was not meant to have all of the power.
Remember, the first 10 amendments are reservations of power that are kept by "We the People."
Those amendments were never given to us by the federal government, and anyone who suggests otherwise does not know our history or the meaning of the Constitution.
In regard to reservation of power, and to prevent the federal government from overreaching, "We the People" reserved all the then existing rights in 1791 that were not enumerated in the Bill of Rights.
The founders said this in the Ninth Amendment, which says,
"The enumeration in the Constitution, of certain rights, shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people."
OUR FIFTH BRANCH OF GOVERNMENT
So what is the fifth branch of government?
The answer is, "The States."
The states were to be a check and balance on the federal government just as "We the People" were to be.
Regrettably, however, over the years, there have been unwise modifications/amendments to the Constitution that altered the well-thought-out checks and balances of our founders.
That said, it is very important that we understand the thinking of the founders, and the purpose of the Constitution in creating a "limited federal government" before we start tinkering with it in a way that may further weaken the system of checks and balances by "We the People" and the States.
WE THE PEOPLE do not want to give away any of our reserved powers, because once done, it's almost impossible to get them back!
Texas should replace the property tax system with an alternative other than an income tax and require voter approval to increase the overall tax burden.
Explanation: This proposition seeks to see if Republican primary voters in Texas favor abolishing the property tax and instead having a consumption or sales tax fund government services.
VOTE "YES," AND HERE'S WHY:
THE ROOTS OF LAND OWNERSHIP
Part of the American Dream is to own property.
But the reason that it's something Americans aspire to achieve is not just fantasy, but rather is tied to the roots of our Constitution.
The founders originally set up the Constitution so that only property owners—those who were "invested" in the country—could vote.
If you did not own property, you still had a voice to speak your mind; however, you could not vote.
Looking at the big picture today, the United States is a land that is created by recognizable borders.
Land is property.
If you have land, then you have a border to it.
The founders did not want people who did not own land to make decisions that would negatively impact those who had made a greater investment in the future of this country.
Today, if you own land, then you actually own a part of these United States.
In my view, we should all strive to belong to our community and try to further our collective well-being by investing in it.
INVEST IN AMERICA
If you are a property owner, then you pay a tax that non-property owners do not.
It hardly seems fair that people who rent a condo, apartment or home in your neighborhood don't pay a tax for services that property owners pay.
To be fair, everyone who lives in the community ought to pay an equal tax for services such as schools, the fire department, law enforcement, etc.
Said another way, if you want to become invested in our government in a fair way, either get rid of the property tax and tax everyone the same, or re-amend the Constitution and allow only property owners to vote on property tax issues. (What is your stance on this issue?)
Texas cities and counties should be required to comply with federal immigration laws or be penalized by loss of state funds.
Explanation: Proposition #2 on the ballot is asking Texas Republican primary voters their position on local and county sanctuary city policies. Sanctuary cities or counties are governmental subdivisions that have made a policy decision not to follow federal immigration laws. For example, these local governing entities have made the decision not to detain and hold individuals that the Immigration Customs Enforcement wants to apprehend and return to their country of origin.
THE POWER OF FEDERAL FUNDING OVER STATES
Imagine your boss at work telling you, "Vote my way or be fired." Or imagine someone who has embarrassing but legal information on you saying, "Pay me and do what I want or I'll embarrass you by releasing this information."
In the world of criminal law, that is extortion or blackmail.
And that is exactly what this proposition does to the state of Texas.
Essentially, it says that if Texas doesn't do what Uncle Sam wants, we will lose tax money that we paid in to the system.
The penalty here hurts everyone in a jurisdiction—both the decision makers and the innocent citizens.
THE FEDERAL SHAKEDOWN
The federal government often threatens states into passing changes in their laws to comply with its wants and desires.
For example, did you know that Texas used to have a law that said a driver was considered to be intoxicated when blood alcohol concentration reached .15? That was later changed to .10, and changed again to .08.
Each time, modification to the law had nothing to do with new findings in science or medicine. Rather, the change occurred because the federal government threatened to withhold millions of dollars in federal highway funds.
To be clear, I am not condemning the changes, but I do condemn the way they were made because it denied the people of the state of Texas a real choice.
Anytime the federal government threatens its citizens with a penalty if it doesn't get its way is wrong.
When that strong-arm tactic is used, the federal government stops being "limited" and becomes an "unlimited" dictatorship.
SELECTIVE MUSCLE
But the federal government seems to want to pick and choose where it throws its power. Consider our federal immigration laws.
Clearly our federal laws on immigration need to be enforced, but those laws have long been ignored by state and local politicians who flout or disregard them.
Since those politicians are the ones making policy decisions that violate federal law, it is only fitting and proper that they be personally held accountable and criminally prosecuted.
If those local politicians object to the federal Immigration laws, then they should go to Congress and ask it to change them.
Think about it: If San Francisco City Council members had been prosecuted by the Feds, how long do think sanctuary cities and counties in California would last?
Let's penalize the guilty politicians, not the innocent citizens or states.
Let's not carelessly give up our "We the People" rights or our state's rights.
Texas should not have any sanctuary jurisdictions and there should be no exceptions if we are to have a country of laws and a citizenry that respects those laws.
As citizens, however, "We the People" should want our representatives to follow the law, and we can enforce that desire with our vote!
"We the People" should be vocal in our respective jurisdictions and tell our state politicians to act responsibly by doing the right thing and to abide by the federal law.
Texas should prohibit governmental entities from collecting dues for labor unions through deductions from public employee paychecks.
Explanation: This proposition wants to gauge the level of approval for a law that will prohibit the state and other governing units in Texas from doing payroll deductions for union dues. In other words, this proposed statute would require union members to pay their own dues.
NO UNION DUES
If we set up a law for the government to collect union dues, then we are taxing ourselves by creating a new bureaucracy to administer it.
The founders believed that less government is better government! Giving the government unnecessary power to interfere with our private lives is just crazy.
Vote "YES" to prohibit the government from collecting union dues, but, more important, to tell them that it has no business getting additional power to do a union's bidding against its membership.
If union members don't pay their dues, then the union should simply kick them out. Enough said!
Texas and its citizens should strongly assert Tenth Amendment Rights guaranteed by the U.S. Constitution.
Explanation: By approving this proposition, Texas Republican primary voters will send a signal to the Texas legislature, the governor, and other state elected officials to assert state rights and use all tools afforded in the Constitution to stop expansive federal government power.
The Amendment of States Rights: The Tenth Amendment provides:
Voting "Yes" on Proposition 4 helps restore a proper check-and-balance system by the States. Recent history proves that Congress will not police itself.
That same history tells us that our U.S. Senators and Congressman often vote to be treated better than "We the People."
That's how they excluded themselves in many ways from Obamacare.
They also receive a pension for life—even if they serve just one day.
Where the hell were "We the People" when that happened? Clearly, we need an amendment to the Constitution that Congress can NEVER exempt themselves from the same laws that apply to all of us!
Recently, there has been a movement by many patriots to avail ourselves, "We the People," of a constitutional back door to reel in Congress when it will not correct what is broken.
Article 5 of the Constitution provides for there to be a Convention of States where, if enough agree to change the Constitution, then it automatically happens irrespective of what Congress wants.
It's the ultimate trump card so vote "YES" to help reestablish checks and balances as they were intended by the framers of our Constitution.
Closing comment
Remember, this is your country—invest some time in it by studying the candidates and the issues.
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Well it was a pretty disappointing weekend for pretty much all our divisions (KPA, AG, U16, etc.) this time around. But we did get a preliminary roster for the AFC U19 Championship which we'll have to talk about.
The one bright point (the same pretty much every week) was Ki who has consistently been one of Swansea's best players so far.
As for the Asian Games, we fielded a straight up B team vs. Laos and boy the performance was pretty bad. Ahn Yong Woo was particularly disappointing, Lee Yong Jae was being the usual Lee Yong Jae (completely useless with no business on the team), and yet again Lee Gwang Jong was unconvincing and showed that he is much better as a U17-20 coach than a U23 coach.
Note: News recently came in (after I made this chart) that Kim Shin Wook would be rested vs. Hong Kong as a precautionary measure. In that case, Lee Jong Ho will move up top and Moon Sang Yoon should take his place. Yoon Il Rok will severely be missed unless Lee Jong Ho can really step up.
As y'all have probably heard by now, we lost in the final of the AFC U16 Championship to North Korea. And I hate to say this, but they actually played better than us in some ways. Granted, they fouled the crap out of us but hey it worked. Perhaps things could have gone differently 1). had we prevented some defensive lapses (no surprises there huh) and 2) had the NK defender gotten a red for hauling down LSW when he was clear through on a 1 on 1. That was an unambiguous red, but you know how AFC refs are. LSW, predictably, won the MVP and top scorer awards but he stated that it doesn't mean much since we lost and that we'll exact vengeance through the U17 WC. At least we made qualified this time right?
Now this is one stacked team. It's too bad we're missing the attacking midfield prodigy Lee Gwang Hyeok (injury), HSV II's center back Kim Dong Soo (they refused to (release him…), and another prospect named Nah Sang Ho (not called up), but still the depth is unbelievable. Hwang Hee Chan, Kim Shin, and Suh Myeong Won return, predictably, to spearhead the attack, with Almeria's Kim Young Kyu to back them up. Maybe KYK will start but I think his crazy speed (87 pace + 86 acceleration on FIFA 15 apparently) will really come in handy as an impact sub. Then there's the midfield duo Baek Seung Ho and Seol Tae Soo to really look forward to, as well as the returning members of the 2012 AFC U16 cycle that unfortunately lost in PK's to Uzbekistan.
The new names here are Oh Se Jun, a left back playing for Werder Bremen, and Kim Seung Jun, who I've never heard of in my life and seems to play for a professional team (Division II, just below MLS) in LA. Wikipedia says he has 14 apps an one goal this season. We'll see how these guys play in early October when this tourney kicks off.
Remember six rounds left until the 'split'. Looks like 3-way battle for top half (Seoul, Jeonnam, Ulsan) with only one getting in.
All four gov't owned teams (Incheon, Sangju*, Seongnam, Gyeongnam) are in bottom five.
Kim Seung Ju plays for a minor league soccer team in Orange County, California. Never been to a game, that is all I can tell you.
Woah!! Insider scouting report woohoo!
all he told me was "He is a baller" haha.
Thanks for getting that to us -he's a baller, eh? Gansta skills, I'm curious to see how he plays for reals.
Don't think lee seung woo is ready to take that challenge yet. I mean, has he even started playing with senior players?


The autumn trade shows, INTERMOT and EICMA, are nearly upon us, and that means a plethora of new bikes are just weeks away from being unveiled to the public.
Some of the bikes we have seen coming for some time now, like the Ducati Scrambler and BMW S1000F (or whatever BMW plans on calling it); other bikes we have only just learned about, like the Yamaha TDM-09 (as the press is calling it) and the Suzuki GSX-S1000; and then there are the motorcycles we can only speculate about.
However, no machine has been more leaked, rumored, and anticipated than the KTM 390 Adventure. Like its sport bike counterpart, the KTM RC390, the smaller adventure bike is built around the KTM 390 Duke platform.
That means roughly 43hp from the 373cc single-cylinder thumper, and 325 lbs of mass from the budget road and trail bike. Tipped way back in 2011 , we have been expecting the KTM 390 Adventure ever since, and with recent spy photos and rumors out of Austria, it appears ready as a 2015 model.
The above rendering has gotten the moto news sites talking about the new Orange bike once again, though the details remain largely the same. As expected, the machine in question would be built in India by Bajaj, and have siblings in the 125cc and 200cc categories, to help with tiered licensing countries.
We probably shouldn't get ahead of ourselves though, as it will likely be quite some time before we see the KTM 390 Adventure on US soil. After all, KTM USA still hasn't brought over the KTM 390 Duke which debuted in 2012, nor the KTM RC390 which debuted in 2013. We can keep wishing though.


Opera Mini 5 Beta for. Blackberry Bold 9780?
Looking for the Beta version of Opera Mini 5 for my Bold 9780 - the final opera mini doesn't work, but apparently the Beta did. Problem is: I can't find a download for it. Anyone know where I can find Opera Mini 5.1 Beta for BB?


text:
Bainbridge Conversation
Bainbridge Conversation Rachel Anne Seymour engages island residents in a conversation about their community.
Tag Archives: architecture
Bainbridge schools: a design, a resignation and two levies
tristan baurick
As expected, the Bainbridge school board gave the green light to two ballot measures aimed at bolstering the district's technology and operations funds.
The board on Thursday unanimously approved resolutions for a $5.275 million technology levy and a $825,000 operations levy lid lift.
Read more about the November ballot measures HERE.
Also on Thursday, longtime school board member Dave Pollock announced he'd be resigning as of Aug. 26.
Pollock, who was first elected in 2003, said work demands and the fact that he no longer has school-age children factored in to his decision.
The district is asking for applicants to replace Pollock until the next election.
For more information, see my story HERE.
And in the final bit of school news, the district unveiled a design for the new Wilkes Elementary School, which should break ground during the spring of next year.
Design illustrations and models by Mahlum Architects showed a one-story building with a lot of windows and four courtyards.
One of the overall aims of the building is "transparency and links to the outdoors," said the project's lead designer.
That's a model of the school above. See another image and read more info about the design HERE.
August 3, 2010 Schoolsarchitecture, Bainbridge Island School District, Dave Pollock, levies, resignations, School board, Wilkes Elementary
More about mother-in-laws
Last week, I wrote about the attention the first annual Bainbridge Tour of Architects was paying to mother-in-law homes (or "accessory dwelling units," as architects and city planners call them).
In the backyard or above the garage, mother-in-laws can encourage stronger family connections and greener, more diverse communities, say the tour's architects. They're also a good source of revenue, which can be a "lifesaver" in this economy, as tour organizer Liz Gadbois told me.
And click down below to read an essay about mother-in-laws by Bainbridge architect Peter Brachvogel. The essay appeared on the tour's website, tourofarchitects.com
March 22, 2010 Business, Communityaccessory dwelling units, architecture, mother-in-law homes
Architect chosen for new Wilkes school
The Bainbridge school district chose Seattle-based Mahlum Architects to design the new Wilkes Elementary School.
Mahlum's client list includes Seattle, Tacoma, Edmonds, Olympia and Orcas Island school districts.
The new Wilkes will be built using money from the recently-approved $42 million capital bond.
For more, click here.
February 1, 2010 Schoolsarchitecture, Bainbridge Island School District, development, Wilkes Elementary
BI architects on HGTV tonight
HGTV's program "Beyond the Box" is scheduled to feature the home of island architects Matthew and Ruth Coates tonight at 8:30 p.m.
According to Matthew, who got word yesterday that the show is airing today, the program will focus on his and his wife's three-year effort to design and build their first home using sustainable design elements.
The young couple also put in a fair amount of sweat equity. Besides designing the place, Matthew and Ruth milled their own siding using trees on their Point White property and made their own counter tops.
For more about the Matthew's island-based "green" architecture firm, go here.
November 24, 2008 Arts & Entertainment, Environmentarchitecture, green design
Where do you buy gas on Bainbridge Island?
Suquamish (37%, 13 Votes)
Chevron at Highway 305 and High School Road (26%, 9 Votes)
Chevron off Hildebrand Lane (20%, 7 Votes)
Poulsbo (6%, 2 Votes)
The closest station I can find when I am low on gas. (6%, 2 Votes)
76 in Island Center (3%, 1 Votes)
I bike or take public transportation. (3%, 1 Votes)
Seattle (0%, 0 Votes)
Total Voters: 35
Bainbridge News on Facebook
Mark Coolidge on Work on Wyatt Hill subdivision begins
Mark Coolidge on Slip into a dock fundraiser
Julie on Bainbridge's first retail pot shop opened
Mark Coolidge on Rockaway Beach residents asked to reduce water use
Steve on Bainbridge's first retail pot shop opened
Bainbridge Islander: News about your community
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Morris County employees and residents now have an additional location, inside the county government complex in Morristown, to safely and conveniently dispose of unwanted or leftover prescription drugs.
A new Prescription Drug Drop Box has been added by the Morris County Sheriff's Office to the lobby of the Morris County Administration and Records Building, which is located at 10 Court St. in Morristown, directly across from the Morris County Courthouse.
"We fully support this initiative, organized by Morris County Sheriff Jim Gannon, as another positive step to deal with the opioid crisis we are facing in Morris County,'' said Morris County Freeholder Director Doug Cabana.
The new locked drop box in the County Administration Building is available to the public and Morris County employees during normal business hours, Monday to Friday 8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m.
It is important to note that businesses or clinics may not use the collection box to dispose of medications.
"This is a central location for the public allowing people to discard their medications in a safe and secure area, while also offering convenience for county employees," said Sheriff Gannon, who has been an advocate in the fight against the opioid epidemic.
"The gateway to this disease often begins with legally prescribed medicine that is overused or used by people other than the patient. My hope is that by collecting and destroying unused medications, we lessen the access and thereby block potential beginnings," Sheriff Gannon added.
The new drop box is clearly labeled to identify items that may and may not be deposited.
Acceptable items include pills, capsules, patches, vitamins, samples, pet medications and over-the-counter medications. Medication packaging also will be accepted, such as pill bottles and small medication boxes.
Not acceptable: syringes, liquids, lances for diabetic testing, inhalers, thermometers and aerosol cans, and of course any type of trash.
Since 2013, the Morris County Sheriff's Office has been part of the successful Prescription Drop Box Program under the Community Coalition for a Safe and Healthy Morris, (an initiative of nonprofit Morris County Prevention is Key), in conjunction with the Morris County Prosecutor's Office and numerous Municipal Police Departments within Morris County.
The Community Coalition for a Safe and Healthy Morris looks to prevent and reduce the harmful effects of drugs in Morris County.
Since 2013, there have been 26 drop box installed at various locations in Morris County, making it easier for county residents to dispose of unused or expired medications, said Barbara Kauffman, Director of Prevention Services at Morris County Prevention is Key.
"I have been proud to work with both the Morris County Sheriff's Office and the Morris County Prosecutor's Office, to equip each of the Morris County Police Departments with a Prescription Drug Drop Box,'' said Kauffman, who is the coordinator of the Community Coalition for a Safe & Healthy Morris.
The Morris County Sheriff's Office collects the medications with 25 local police departments that host a collection unit. The Sheriff's Office has destroyed more than 30,000 pounds of medications in the last six years, including 6,563 pounds so far in the first half of 2018.
The medications are weighed, logged and stored prior to destruction.
Governor Chris Christie today launched the ReachNJ Municipal Toolkit, a collection of resources designed to assist local leaders as they fight the opioid epidemic in their communities.
The Governor also extended the invitation to his second Candlelight Vigil that will take place in Trenton at 5 p.m. to 6:30 p.m. on Wednesday, December 6. Last year's vigil on the State House steps was successful in bringing together several hundred members of the recovery community and its many supporters.
"This toolkit shares strategies for municipal officials to prevent drug abuse before it starts, to connect with those in need of help in beating an addiction and to inform people with drug problems and their families about the expanding resources available to them," said Governor Christie.
Included in the toolkit are: Save the Dates and other materials related to the Governor's 2nd Annual Candlelight Vigil; the "Not In My House" and Mayor's Pledge; opioid addiction fact sheet; Social Media Graphics and web ads for placement by towns; multiple sizes of ReachNJ posters; prescription drug drop-off posters; and a sampling of ReachNJ ads and video clips.
Four out of five new heroin users started by misusing prescription painkillers. Even more alarming, a Centers for Disease Control report reveals that health care providers in the year 2012 alone wrote 259 million prescriptions for opioid pain medication, enough for every adult in the United States to have a bottle of pills.
In addition, an estimated 20 percent of juveniles with currently prescribed opioid medications report using those medications intentionally to get high or increase the effects of alcohol or other drugs.
To find the ReachNJ Municipal Toolkit and other prevention, treatment and recovery resources, visit www.reachnj.gov. To find help for an addiction problem, call the state's 24/7 helpline at 1-844-REACHNJ.
It's important that we use language that frames it as a health issue and shows respect to people with an addiction and to their families who are impacted. Just like we would with any other disease, like diabetes or asthma.
We have a choice when we communicate. We can use words that perpetuate the negative stigma around substance use – words that label people with an addiction in a negative, shameful and judgmental way. Or we can use words that are compassionate, supportive and respectful – words that helps others understand substance use disorder as the health issue that it is.


Keith McMillen Instruments are already known for their innovative engineering when it comes to MIDI controllers. Well they now aim to take the standard keyboard controller to the next level with the K-Board Pro 4. Utilizing their Smart Sensor Fabric technology, the keyboard itself has the look of a conventional keyboard but has no moving parts and the keys are made of silicone. Each key press is capable of sending attack velocity, release velocity, continuous pressure, horizontal position, and vertical position data. This allows greater control of the individual notes as you play. It also features 4 additional controller strips along the top of the keyboard.
There are other MPE controllers out there with similar functionality but they're not cheap. Examples include the ROLI seaboard, LinnStrument and Eigenlabs' Eigenharp. The K-Board Pro 4 is expected to retail for around $495 making it somewhat affordable in comparison.
See the Kickstarter site for more details.
Featuring some refined improvements over the original MiniLab, the MiniLab MKII features 25 velocity sensitive keys, RGB back-lit performance pads and 16 rotary knobs. Aimed at musicians who are primarily on the move it promises to be lightweight yet rugged. It also comes bundled with Ableton Live Lite, Analog Lite and UVI Grand Piano Model B.
The MiniLab MKII is expected to be available at the end of this month.


text:
Trace Your Ancestry
Order Your Participation Kit
Current Client Login
Find out if you are a descendant of the last Viking King Sven Estriden
Explore your family links to Sven Estridsen the last Danish King of the Viking Era
Sven Estridsen was the last Viking King of the Scandinavian Viking Era that lasted from the 8th century to the 11th century
The mtDNA profile is known for King Sven II of Denmark. Find out if you have family ties to Danish nobility.
Markers required to participate in this project:
Y-DNA Markers
mtDNA Markers
mtDNA HVR1 Tested
mtDNA Haplogroup Tested
mtDNA Subclade Tested
Autosomal Markers
Profiles in this project
This project has 2 profiles for comparison.
Sven Estridsen
Margrethe, alias Estrid, Queen of Denmar
Uncovering the maternal lineage of Sven II of Denmark
The story behind this project
Sven Estridsen was the last Viking King of the Scandinavian Viking Era. His mother Estrid Svendsdatter was the daughter of King Sweyn I of Denmark. It was his mother Estrid's connections that granted Sven Estridsen the throne of Denmark. Upon his death remains of King Sven were entombed in a church in Roskilde, and later moved to a pillar tomb in the new cathedral, the burial place for members of the royal Danish dynasty. In 2007, DNA analyses were performed on the remains of King Sven to reveal the maternal lineage of the last Viking King.
Sven II of Denmark, the last Viking King
Sven II Denmark (By Orf3us , from Wikimedia Commons CC BY-SA 3.0)
Sven Estridsen was the last Viking King of the Scandinavian Viking Era, which lasted from the 8th century to the 11th century. He was a tall, powerful man who was courageous in battle, but was not very successful as a military leader.
This unusual king is also known to have minted his own coins. Sven was married three times, and many legitimate and illegitimate children. His legacy includes five future kings of Denmark.
Sven's mother, Estrid Svendsdatter, was the daughter of King Sweyn I of Denmark. Cnut the Great who was King of Denmark, England and Norway was her brother.
It was his mother's bloodline that assured Sven Estridsen (aka Sven II of Denmark) a place in the Danish line of succession. Sven emphasized this fact by taking the matronymic surname of Estridsen after her. Estrid was known in Denmark as Queen Estrid (Dronning Estrid), even though she wasn't married to a king or wasn't a queen reagent.
Reign of Sven
Dronning Estrid (By Orf3us , from Wikimedia Commons CC BY-SA 3.0)
During the peak of Viking Era, the Danish controlled large parts of Western Europe. But, by the time of Sven Estridsen's reign the Nordic power over Europe had dwindled. Danes had adopted Christianity by this time.
Queen Estrid was a key figure involved in Christianity in Denmark. She is said to have initiated building of the church in Roskilde (near Copenhagen), where the royal Danish dynasty buried their dead.
According to historical documents, remains of King Sven were entombed in this church. And, when the church was replaced with a brick cathedral about 150 years later, they were moved to a pillar tomb in the new cathedral.
Roskilde Cathedral in Roskilde, Denmark (By CucombreLibre from New York, NY, USA, via Wikimedia Commons CC BY 2.0)
Analyzing the remains of the last Viking King with DNA
In 2007, researchers used mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) analyses to trace the maternal lineage of King Sven. The study included another skeleton that was buried next to Sven, thought to belong to his mother Queen Estrid.
Skulls of King Sven Estridsen (left) and Estrid (right) (Image from Dissing J et al. (2007) Forensic Sci Int)
High copy number (hundreds of copies per cell) and the rapid evolution rate of mtDNA make it the most suitable and informative DNA type for the analysis of ancient human remains. Also the strict maternal inheritance (passed on from mother-to-child only) makes it ideal for tracing maternal lines.
Three regions of the mtDNA can be analyzed – two non-coding regions HVR1 and HVR2, and the coding region. Researchers extracted tooth samples from each skeleton, and generated mtDNA profiles form the HVR1 (hypervariable region 1) region.
When they compared King Sven's mtDNA profile to that of the presumed skeleton of Queen Estrid, there were two differences between the profiles. Since mtDNA is maternally inherited, King Sven and Queen Estrid should share the same mtDNA profile. This meant that it is highly unlikely that the remains entombed next to King Sven actually belong to his mother.
Maternal lineage of the last Viking King
The remains of Sven and Estrid are resting back in their pillar tombs. However, we know now that the female remains in the tomb labelled "Margrethe, alias Estrid, Queen of Denmark" do not belong to Sven's mother.
The DNA tests conducted in this study have defined the mtDNA profile of the last Viking King, Sven Estridsen. If you have taken the DNA Maternal Ancestry Test, you can compare your mtDNA against Sven Estridsen to see if you may have descended from the same maternal lineage as the last Danish King of the Viking Era.
Dissing J et al.(2007) The last Viking King: a royal maternity case solved by ancient DNA analysis. Forensic Sci Int. 166(1):21-7.
Are you ready to explore your ties to the last Viking King Sven Estridsen and the House of Estriden?
Service Terms & Fees
Sign in to your secure DNA Ancestry Project account to view your results and continue your ancestry journey.
Copyright 2022 © DNA Ancestry Project All Rights Reserved.


text:
Q: Why would I be getting a t-string error? I am trying to process a cron job and keep getting a t-string error. I know this usually indicates a missing ; or } but I have double checked and triple checked.
Any idea? The returned error is

unexpected T_STRING in /.../wp-crm.php on line 40

    <?php
/**
Name: Cron for WP Property Importer
Description: Allow cron jobs to be executed from Command Line interface.
@todo Fix so that we're using the correct deletion function.
*/
ini_set( "display_errors", 1);
set_time_limit(0);
ignore_user_abort(true);

define( 'WPP_XMLI_CRON_RUNNING', true );

/**
 * Determine request type ( HTTP or SHELL COMMAND )
 */

/* HTTP */
if( isset( $_SERVER[ 'REQUEST_URI' ] ) && isset( $_SERVER[ 'QUERY_STRING' ] )){
  $argv = array( __FILE__ );
  $get =array();
  parse_str( $_SERVER[ 'QUERY_STRING' ], $get );
  foreach( $get as $k => $v ){
    switch( $k ) {
      case 'action':
        $argv[1] = $v;
        break;
      case 'hash':
        $argv[2] = $v;
        break;
    }
  }
}
/* SHELL COMMAND */
else {
  //** It seams cron service in CPanel works not like normal Linux Cron, so we have to emulate $argv
  $VERBOSE = true;
  if (!empty($_REQUEST) && array_key_exists('do_xml_import',$_REQUEST)){
    $argv = array_keys($_REQUEST);
  }
}

/** Need to at least have the do_xml_import argument */
if (empty($argv[0])) {
  if($VERBOSE){ print("Missing arguments.\n"); }
  exit(1);
}

$cron_action = $argv[1];
$schedule_hash = $argv[2];
$ms_url = (!empty($argv[3])) ? $argv[3] : '';

//** Load WP */
$wp_load_path = preg_replace( '%wp-content[/\\\\]plugins[/\\\\]wp-property-importer[/\\\\]cron.php%ix', 'wp-load.php', __FILE__ );

if(!file_exists($wp_load_path)) {
  if($VERBOSE){ print('Cannot load WP using: ' . $wp_load_path ."\n"); }
  exit(1);
} else {

  /** these arguments should be passed in multisite mode */
  if (!empty($ms_url) ) {

    $site_name = parse_url('http://'.$ms_url,PHP_URL_PATH);
    $site_domain = parse_url('http://'.$ms_url, PHP_URL_HOST);
    /**
    * Construct a fake $_SERVER global to get WordPress to load a specific site.
    * This avoids alot of messing about with switch_to_blog() and all its pitfalls.
    */
    $_SERVER=array(
      'HTTP_HOST'=>$site_domain,
      'REQUEST_METHOD'=>'GET',
      'REQUEST_URI'=>"{$site_name}/",
      'SERVER_NAME'=>$site_domain,
    );

    // Remove all our bespoke variables as they'll be in scope as globals and could affect WordPress
    unset($site_name,$site_domain);

    // Pretend that we're executing an AJAX process. This should help WordPress not load all of the things.
    define('DOING_AJAX',true);

    // Stop WordPress doing any of its normal output handling.
    define('WP_USE_THEMES',false);
  }

  // Load WordPress - intentionally using an absolute URL due to issues with relative paths on the CLI.
  include $wp_load_path;

}

//** Enable/disable debug mode. debug_mode argv must be passed to enable it. */
if( !defined( 'WPP_DEBUG_MODE' ) ) {
  define( 'WPP_DEBUG_MODE', ( !empty( $argv[3] ) && $argv[3] == 'debug_mode' ? true : false ) );
}

//** Ensure file was loaded and procesed */
if( ABSPATH && class_exists( 'class_wpp_property_import' ) ) {
  define('DOING_WPP_CRON', true);
} else {
  if($VERBOSE){ print('Unable to load XML Importer.' . "\n"); }
  exit(1);
}

if(empty($cron_action)) {
  if($VERBOSE){ print("Missing action argument.\n"); }
  exit(1);
}

/** Begin Loading Import*/
if($cron_action == 'do_xml_import' && !empty($schedule_hash)) {

    define('WPP_IMPORTER_HASH', $schedule_hash);

    //class_wpp_property_import::init();
    class_wpp_property_import::run_from_cron_hash();

    exit(0);

} elseif($cron_action == 'erase_all_properties') {
  global $wpdb;
  $wpdb->show_errors();
  /** First, delete attachments */
  $sql = "SELECT ID FROM {$wpdb->prefix}posts WHERE post_type = 'attachment' AND post_parent IN (SELECT ID FROM {$wpdb->prefix}posts WHERE post_type = 'property') OR post_excerpt = 'qr_code'";
  foreach($wpdb->get_results($sql) as $row) {
    wp_delete_attachment($row->ID, true);
    if($VERBOSE){ print( "Deleted attachment: ".$row->ID."\r\n"); }
  }
  /** Now, delete posts */
  $sql = "SELECT ID FROM {$wpdb->prefix}posts WHERE post_type = 'property'";
  foreach($wpdb->get_results($sql) as $row){
    wp_delete_post($row->ID, true);
    if($VERBOSE){ print( "Deleted post: ".$row->ID."\r\n"); }
  }
  print( "Done deleting posts.\r\n");
  exit(0);
}
else {
  print( "Nothing done.\r\n");
  exit(0);
}
exit(0);
?>

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