text:
\section{Introduction}

Davydov\cite{davydov} formulated a model intended to explain an almost lossless
energy transfer in quasi-one-dimensional biomolecular chains such as peptides,
proteins and the DNA.  The key element in the Davydov model is the coupling
between excitons and phonons of the biomolecular chain.  The starting point is
typically the Hamiltonian given by
\begin{equation}
H = \frac{1}{2} \sum_n^{}\left[ \frac{p_n^2}{M} + W (u_n - u_{n-1})^2 \right] +
\sum_{n}^{}
\left[ D A_n^{\dag} A_n - J (A_{n+1}^{\dag} A_n + A_{n+1} A_n^{\dag}) \right]
  \label{hamiltonian}
\end{equation}
where the position of the $n$-th unit is
\begin{equation}
  x_n = d n + u_n
\end{equation}
with $d$ denoting the equilibrium separation and $u_n$ a displacement from
equilibrium.  Here, $p_n$ is the associated momentum, $W$ the elastic modulus
and $M$ the mass of the oscillating unit.  The operators $A_n^{\dag}$ and $A_n$
create and annihilate an exciton at site $n$, respectively.

The constant $D$ describes the energy of a single exciton on a given site while
$J$ refers to hopping of excitons between neighboring sites.  Since both
constants originate from the dipolar nature of the chain's units it is obvious
that they must be distance dependent. Hence, denoting the relative distances
between two neighboring groups as
\begin{equation}
  r_{n,n+1} = |x_{n+1}-x_n| = d + u_{n+1} - u_n
\end{equation}
and
\begin{equation}
  r_{n,n-1} = |x_n-x_{n-1}| = d + u_n - u_{n-1}
\end{equation}
we assume that
\begin{equation}
  D = \Omega + D(r_{n,n+1}) + D(r_{n,n-1})
\end{equation}
and analogously that
\begin{equation}
  J = J(r_{n,n+1}) + J(r_{n,n-1}).
\end{equation}
In most of the literature on the subject only the dependence of $D$ on the
distance has been explicitly introduced.  It is quite obvious, however, that
$J$ should be inversely proportional to the third power of the distance
(dipole-dipole interaction) and this for small displacements gives an
approximately linear dependence of $J$ on the magnitude of the displacement.
Hence, we can postulate that:
\begin{eqnarray}
  D(r_{n,n+1}) & \cong& D_0 + \chi_1 (u_{n+1} - u_n) \\
  D(r_{n,n-1}) & \cong& D_0 + \chi_1 (u_n - u_{n-1}) \\
  J(r_{n,n+1}) & \cong& J_0 + \chi_2 (u_{n+1} - u_n) \\
  J(r_{n,n-1}) & \cong& J_0 + \chi_2 (u_n - u_{n-1})
\end{eqnarray}
For a treatment of similar terms in a somewhat different spirit we refer the
reader to Ref.\cite{zolo}.

First of all, let us note that $\chi_1$ is responsible for the existence of a
localized solution called a Davydov soliton, and this fact is irrespective of
the sign of $\chi_1$ \cite{davydov}.  For $\chi_1>0$, the molecular chain is
locally compressed (compressional soliton) and for $\chi_1<0$, the soliton is
of dilatational type (locally dilatated).  This is not an uncommon situation in
soliton bearing nonlinear lattices \cite{peyrard}.  It is still an open
question as to the value and the sign of $\chi_1$ (see for instance Ref.
\cite{scott2}).   The constant $\chi_2$ is clearly negative since the
interaction diminishes with distance. Scott\cite{scott} had estimated for
peptide chains $\chi_2$ from the approximate relation $\chi_2 \cong3 J/d$ using
$J \cong7.8$ cm$^{-1}$ and $d \cong4.5$ {\AA} as $\chi_2 \equiv 1 pN$.  He also
gave an estimate of $\chi_1 \cong34 pN$.    These values will be used in
subsequent numerical calculations.  We will show in the sections that follow
that keeping both $\chi_1$ and $\chi_2$ in the Hamiltonian results in equations
of motion which differ from the standard Davydov system.  It will be of
interest to examine their solutions and find out whether solitons can be formed
and what affects their properties.

\section{The model Hamiltonian}

Based on the results of the previous section we rewrite the Davydov
Hamiltonian's exciton part as
\begin{eqnarray}
  H_{exc} &=& \sum_n^{} \left[ (\Omega + 2 D_0) + \chi_1(u_{n+1} - u_{n-1})
\right]
A_n^{\dag} A_n \\ \nonumber &-& \sum_n^{} A_n^{\dag} \left[(J_0 +
\chi_2(u_n-u_{n-1}))A_{n-1} +
(J_0 + \chi_2(u_{n+1}-u_n))A_{n+1} \right]
\end{eqnarray}
where the first term is responsible for on-site excitations and the second for
hopping.

In the next stage we find the continuum limit of both the excitonic part
$H_{exc}$ given above and the phonon contribution $H_{ph}$.  To make the
continuum limit we take:
\begin{eqnarray}
  A_n \rightarrow A(x); \,\, A_{n\pm1} \cong A(x) \pm \frac{\partial
A}{\partial x}\; d + \frac{1}{2}
\frac{\partial^2 A}{\partial x^2} \;d^2+ \ldots \\
  u_n \rightarrow u(x); \,\, u_{n\pm1} \cong u(x) \pm \frac{\partial
u}{\partial x} \; d + \frac{1}{2}
\frac{\partial^2 u}{\partial x^2} \; d^2+ \ldots
\end{eqnarray}
and define
\begin{eqnarray}
  J(x) &\equiv& J_0 + \chi_2 \frac{\partial u}{\partial x} \; d\\
D(x) &\equiv& D_0 + \chi_1 \frac{\partial u}{\partial x}\; d.
\end{eqnarray}
As a result, the phonon part of the Hamiltonian becomes:
\begin{equation}
  H_{ph} = \frac{1}{2} \int dx \, \left[ \frac{p^2(x)}{M} + W \left(
\frac{\partial u}{\partial x}
\right)^2\, d^2 \right].
\end{equation}
The exciton contribution to the Davydov Hamiltonian is found as
\begin{eqnarray}
  H_{exc} &=& \int dx \, \left[ \tilde{\Omega} A^{\dag}(x)A(x) + 2 \chi_1 d
\left( \frac{\partial u}%
{\partial x}\right) \; A^{\dag}(x)A(x) \right] \\ \nonumber &-& \int dx \,
\left( J_0 + \chi_2 d%
\left( \frac{\partial u}{\partial x}\right) \right) \left[2 A^{\dag}(x)A(x) -
\frac{\partial
A^{\dag}}{\partial x} \frac{\partial A}{\partial x} \; d^2\right]
\end{eqnarray}
where we have denoted
\begin{equation}
  \tilde{\Omega}  \equiv  \Omega + 2 D_0
\end{equation}
and the hopping part has been obtained from a symmetric form given by
\begin{equation}
  H_{hop} = - \sum_n^{} J_0 (A_n^{\dag} A_{n+1} + A_{n+1}^{\dag} A_n )
\end{equation}
which is explicitly hermitian.

Our next task is to derive equations of motion for the coupled phonon field
$u(x)$ and the exciton field $A(x)$.  This can be done using several
approaches, e.g. through functional minimization, coherent state Ansatz, etc.
In the following section we derive these equations by treating phonons
classically and taking a special Ansatz for excitons.

\section{Deriving the equations of motion}

In order to derive equations of motion we assume the phonons to be virtually
classical so that Hamilton's equations can be applied to $u(x)$ and $p(x)$.
The exciton part is approximated by the expectation value of $H_{exc}$ in the
trial ground state
\begin{equation}
  |\psi\rangle = \int  dx \, a(x) A^{\dag}(x) |0\rangle
\end{equation}
where $a(x)$ is a complex probability amplitude of an exciton wave and
$|0\rangle$is the vacuum.  Thus, the effective Hamiltonian used is
\begin{equation}
  H_{eff} = H_{ph} + \langle \psi|H_{exc}|\psi\rangle
\end{equation}
or explicitly:
\begin{eqnarray}
  H_{eff} & = & \frac{1}{2} \int dx \, \left[\frac{p^2(x)}{M} + W
  \left( \frac{\partial u}{\partial x} \right)^2 \, d^2\right] \\ \nonumber
  &+& \int dx \, \left\{ \left[ (-2 J_0 + \tilde{\Omega}) +
  2(\chi_1-\chi_2) \, d\frac{\partial u}{\partial x} \right] |a(x)|^2 +
  (J_0 +\chi_2 \; d\frac{\partial u}{\partial x} ) \left| \frac{\partial
    a}{\partial x} \right|^2 \, d^2\right\}. \label{ham-eff}
\end{eqnarray}
We now derive the equations of motion for the phonon field as
\begin{equation}
  \frac{\partial u}{\partial t} = \{ H_{eff},p \} = \frac{p(x)}{M}
\label{phononu}
\end{equation}
and
\begin{equation}
  \frac{\partial p}{\partial t} = \{H_{eff},u\} = W d^2  \frac{\partial^2
    u}{\partial x^2} + \frac{\partial}{\partial x} \left[
  2(\chi_1-\chi_2) \, d |a|^2 + \chi_2 \, d^3\left|\frac{\partial a} {\partial
x}
\right|^2 \right]
\label{phononp}
\end{equation}
where the curly brackets above indicate Poisson commutators. Differentiating
eq. (\ref{phononu}) with respect to time and utilizing
eq. (\ref{phononp}) we obtain
\begin{equation}
  \left[ \frac{\partial^2}{\partial t^2} - v_0^2
  \frac{\partial^2}{\partial x^2} \right] u(x,t) = \frac{1}{M}
  \frac{\partial}{\partial x} \left[ 2(\chi_1-\chi_2)\, d |a|^2 + \chi_2 \, d^3
  \left|\frac{\partial a} {\partial x} \right|^2 \right]
  \label{wave-eq}
\end{equation}
which is a wave equation for the displacement field with an additional term
arising due to the coupling with excitons.  The sound velocity $v_0$ is defined
as $v_0 = d \sqrt{W/M}$.

We treat excitons quantum mechanically and hence use the Schr\"odinger equation
\begin{equation}
  i \hbar \frac{\partial}{\partial t} |\psi\rangle = H_{exc} |\psi\rangle
\end{equation}
as an equation of motion.  Here, $H_{exc}$ is taken in the form given in eq.
(\ref{ham-eff}).  It is easy to verify that, as a consequence, we obtain
\begin{equation}
  i \hbar \frac{\partial a}{\partial t} = \left[ (\tilde{\Omega} - 2 J_0 +
  ) + 2(\chi_1-\chi_2)\, d \left(\frac{\partial u}{\partial
    x} \right)\right]a(x) - \frac{\partial}{\partial x} \left[ (J_0
  +\chi_2 \, d\frac{\partial u}{\partial x} )\left( \frac{\partial a}{\partial
x}\right)
\right] d^2.
  \label{motion-eq}
\end{equation}
We note that the two coupled equations, eqs. (\ref{wave-eq}) and
(\ref{motion-eq}) resemble the Davydov set of equations.  In fact, as $\chi_2
\rightarrow 0$ the result agrees identically with Davydov.

Our next task is to solve these two equations with a specific objective of
finding soliton solutions.

\section{Solving the equations of motion}

In the first step we postulate that
\begin{equation}
  u(x,t) = u(x - vt)
\end{equation}
i.e. that the (real) displacement field is a travelling subsonic wave
($v<v_0$) and
\begin{equation}
  a(x,t) = \exp[- i  E t + i \alpha(x - vt)] a(x - vt)
\end{equation}
which means that the complex exciton field travels with the same velocity $v$
but also has internal oscillations.  The energy of the soliton is not  $E$,
since in our Ansatz, we have other time dependent pieces.  A more complete form
is easy to obtain\cite{davydov}.  As a result, the two equations become
ordinary differential equations in the new coordinate $\xi \equiv x - vt$.
Thus,
\begin{equation}
(v^2 - v_0^2) u^{''} = \frac{1}{M} \left[ 2(\chi_1-\chi_2)\, d a^2 + \chi_2 \,
d^3(a^{'})^2 \right]^{'}
  \label{ode1}
\end{equation}
and
\begin{equation}
  \left[- E + \tilde{\Omega} - 2 J_0 - \frac{v^2}{4 d^2 J_0}+ 2\,
d(\chi_1-\chi_2) u^{'}
\right] a - d^2 \, \left[(J_0 + \chi_2 \, du^{'})a^{'} \right]^{'} = 0
  \label{ode2}
\end{equation}
where the prime denotes differentiation with respect to $\xi$.  Note that as
$\chi_2 \rightarrow 0$, eqs. (\ref{ode1}) and (\ref{ode2}) reduce to the
original system of Davydov equations \cite{davydov}.

To proceed we note that the second term in the square bracket of eq.
(\ref{ode1}) is much smaller than the first one.  This is on the account of the
fact that for large solitons, $a^2 \gg (a^{'})^2$. We can then integrate eq.
(\ref{ode1}) once to yield
\begin{equation}
  u^{'} \cong \frac{2(\chi_1-\chi_2)\, d}{M(v^2-v_0^2)} \, a^2.
\end{equation}
This can then be substituted into eq. (\ref{ode2}) to give
\begin{equation}
  d^2 a^{''} - \frac{\Delta a}{J_0 + \gamma a^2} - \frac{\Gamma a^3}{J_0 +
    \gamma a^2} + \frac{2 d^2  \gamma a}{J_0 + \gamma a^2} (a^{'})^2 = 0.
\end{equation}
where, to simplify notation, we introduced the following symbols
\begin{eqnarray}
  \gamma &\equiv& \frac{2\chi_2(\chi_1-\chi_2)\,d^2}{M(v^2-v_0^2)} \\
\Gamma &\equiv& \frac{4(\chi_1-\chi_2)^2\,d^2}{M(v^2-v_0^2)} +
 \frac{v^2}{4 J_0^2 d^2} \gamma
\end{eqnarray}
and
\begin{eqnarray}
\Delta &\equiv& -E + \tilde{\Omega}  - 2J_0 -  \frac{v^2}{4 J_0 d^2}\, >\,0.
\end{eqnarray}

Eq. (4.6)  has two free parameters, $E$ and $v$ (the velocity of the soliton).
The parameter $E$ is fixed by the requirement that the excitonic wave function
be normalized, ie.
\begin{equation}
\frac{1}{d} \int a^2(z) \; dz = 1.
\end{equation}
Using the transformation
\begin{equation}
  y(a) \equiv \frac{da}{d\xi}
\end{equation}
we obtain from eq. (4.6)
\begin{equation}
y y^{'} + f(a) \, y^2 + h(a) = 0
  \label{bern-eq}
\end{equation}
where
\begin{equation}
  f(a) \equiv \frac{2 \gamma a}{J_0 + \gamma a^2}
\end{equation}
and
\begin{equation}
  h(a) \equiv - \frac{\Delta a + \Gamma a^3}{J_0 +  \gamma a^2}.
\end{equation}
Eq. (\ref{bern-eq}) is a Bernoulli equation which can be completely integrated
and its general solution is
\begin{equation}
y^2 = \exp(-I) (a_1 - 2 \int_{a_0}^{a} h(\tilde{a}) \exp(I) \,d\tilde{a})
  \label{bern-sol}
\end{equation}
where
\begin{equation}
  I \equiv 2 \int_{a_0}^{a} f(\tilde{a}) \, d\tilde{a}.
\end{equation}
In our case
\begin{equation}
  I = 2 \ln (J_0 + \gamma a^2)
\end{equation}
and eq. (\ref{bern-sol}) yields
\begin{equation}
  \left(\frac{da}{d\xi}\right)^2 = \frac{a_1+J_0 \Delta a^2 +
    \frac{1}{2}(\Delta \gamma + J_0 \Gamma) a^4 + \frac{1}{3} \gamma
    \Gamma a^6}{(J_0+\gamma a^2)^2} \equiv H(a).
  \label{final-eq}
\end{equation}
This final equation can be integrated numerically in terms of periodic and
localized solutions.  Note that for $a_1 \neq 0$ only singular or periodic
solutions can be found.  Before we present a complete analysis of the various
solutions we note that in the limit of $\chi_2\rightarrow 0$ we find the
standard elliptic equation \cite{byrd}, i.e.
\begin{equation}
  \left(\frac{da}{d\xi}\right)^2 = \frac{c_0 + \Delta a^2 + \frac{\Gamma}{2}
a^4}{J_0}
\end{equation}
since $\gamma\rightarrow 0$.  Here, elliptic waves can be found in a standard
way, and for $c_0=0$ we find the Davydov soliton as
\begin{equation}
  a(\xi) = \sqrt{- \frac{2 \Delta}{\Gamma}}\; \mbox{sech}\left(\sqrt{
    \frac{\Delta} {J_0}} \xi\right).
\end{equation}

\section{Analysis of solutions}

In solving eq.(\ref{final-eq}), we assumed the values of model parameters
consistent with those used for peptide chains\cite{scott2}. These values are:
\begin{eqnarray}
W & = & 40 \;\mbox{N/m}  \nonumber \\
M & = & 5.7 \cdot 10^{-25} \;\mbox{kg}  \nonumber \\
d & = & 4.5 \cdot 10^{-10} \;\mbox{m} \\
\tilde{\Omega} & \simeq & 0.2 \cdot 10^{-19} \;\mbox{J}  \nonumber \\
J_0 & = & 1.55 \cdot 10^{-22} \;\mbox{J} \label{values} \nonumber
\end{eqnarray}
For illustration purposes, we have chosen to investigate slow solitons ($v/v_0
\simeq 0.02$).  Physical values for $\chi_2$ are on the order of $-1$ pN, and
we will look at values within this range.   Note that $\chi_2$ must be negative
since dipole-dipole interaction decreases with separation.  The value of
$\chi_1$ is still an open question.  Experiments seem to indicate that $\chi_1
\simeq 30-60$ pN.  This would correspond to a compressional soliton.  On the
other hand, theoretical estimates range from $-60 \;\mbox{to} +25 $ pN raising
the possibility of dilatational solitons (for $\chi_1<0$).  Therefore, we will
investigate both positive and negative values for $\chi_1$.

In the case of compressional solitons ($\chi_1>0$),  qualitatively nothing
special happens.  Including the effect of $\chi_2$ simply enhances the
stability of the soliton.  This can be understood as follows.  With $\chi_2 <
0$, we see from eq. (4.7) that $\gamma > 0$ which immediately implies that the
denominator of $H(a)$ given in eq. (4.18) is increased.  This means that in the
compressed chain, the effective $J_0$ is larger.

If $\chi_1 < 0$,  it follows that $\gamma <0$.  In this case, the soliton is
dilated and the dipole-dipole interaction is weakened which can lead to a
destabilization of the soliton itself.

We have examined how the form of the localized solution (soliton) changes with
the value of $\chi_2$.  This is illustrated in Fig. 1, where we see a gradual
sharpening effect at the peak of the soliton solution starting from the
standard Davydov form at $\chi_2 = 0$.   The soliton disappears at a relatively
low value of $\chi_2 \simeq -1.34 pN$, well within the range of physically
acceptable values. This effect has been carefully investigated through analysis
of the numerator and denominator of $H(a)$ appearing in eq. (\ref{final-eq}).
As previously mentioned, $a_1 = 0$ is required for solitary wave solutions to
exist.  Of utmost importance to what follows is the location and reality of the
roots of the numerator in $H(a)$.  Obviously a double root exists at $a=0$, and
the remaining four roots are pairwise symmetrical with respect to sign
reversal.  We shall label the squares of these roots simply as $a^2 = r_1,r_2$.
 With this in place, we note that the singularity in the denominator of $H(a)$
coincides with $r_1 = r_2$ at a point $\chi_2 = \chi_2^{cr}$.  We have
determined that the value of $\chi_2^{cr}$ at  which the solitonic solutions
are destroyed is given by
\begin{equation}
\chi_2^{cr} = \frac{2 J_0 \chi_1}{3 \Delta  - \frac{v^2}{4 J_0^2 d^2} + 2 J_0}.
\end{equation}
Substituting the parameter values from eq. (5.1) into eq. (5.2) we find that
for our system $\chi_2^{cr} = -1.34$ pN which is close to what is physically
expected.  The role of $\chi_2$ in changing the topology of $H(a)$ is clearly
illustrated in Fig. 2.  We show in Fig. 3 the region of stable solitons as
deduced from the relative position of the roots of the numerator of $H(a)$ and
the zero of the denominator.

\section{Conclusion}

This paper has discussed the distance dependence of exciton hopping in the
Davydov model.  Two cases needed to be discussed separately.  In the case of
compressional solitons ($\chi_1>0$), soliton stability was enhanced simply
because in the soliton, the average distance between molecules was decreased,
leading to a higher hopping probability.  If this was the case in peptide
chains, the conclusions reached through thermal stability studies of the
standard Davydov model (Ref. \cite{scott2} and others therein) might be unduly
pessimistic.

The second case of $\chi_1<0$ corresponds to a dilatational soliton.  Here
there exists a critical value of $\chi_2$, beyond which Davydov-like solitons
cease to exist.   This critical value is surprisingly close to physical values
and therefore it is to be expected that thermal fluctuations at physiological
temperatures would destroy the soliton.

By including this important physical effect, we have arrived at a new set of
equations which possess solitons.  These new solutions are clearly relevant to
the physics of poly-peptide chains.

\acknowledgements

This research was supported by an East-West collaboration grant from NATO, the
Alexander von Humboldt Foundation and Deutscher Akademischer
Austauschdienst.  J.A.T. expresses his thanks for the hospitality and kindness
of the staff and faculty members during his stay at the
University of Warsaw.  The authors wish to thank the referee for relevant
criticism which led us to understand the role of the signs of $\chi_1$ and
$\chi_2$.

\begin{figure}
\caption{The plot of soliton profiles for various values of $\chi_2$ (in pN).
The dashed line is the Davydov soliton ($\chi_2 = 0$).  Note how for $\chi_2 =
-1.33$ pN, the soliton becomes sharply peaked.}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}
\caption{The change in the plot of $H(a)$ for various values of $\chi_2$ (in
pN) corresponding to those used in Figure 1.  The plot with $\chi_2 = 0$ is the
standard Davydov case.}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}
\caption{The location of squares of the roots, $r_1$ and $r_2$, of the
numerator in $H(a)$ (see eq. (4.18))  and the singularity (dashed curve) in the
denominator of $H(a)$ plotted as a function of $\chi_2$.  Note that
$\chi_2^{cr}$ delineates the boundary of the soliton region.}
\end{figure}

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COMPLICATIONS IN LAPAROSCOPIC AND OPEN MESH REPAIR OF VENTRAL HERNIAS IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL.
Introduction: Ventral hernias are defects in the abdominal wall. They are normally classified by aetiology and location. The main reason of ventral hernias can be prior surgery (incisional) or spontaneously (umbilical epigastric spigelian or lumbar hernias). Ventral hernia repair is one of the most common operations performed by general surgeons. The purpose of this study was to compare the complications rate post-operative pain hospital stay and time to return to normal activity in laparoscopic and open mesh repair of ventral hernias. The study was conducted from October 2010 to February2011 in surgery department Holy Family Hospital Rawalpindi.Patients and Methods: In this randomised clinical trial a total of 160 patients were selected by taking approval from hospital ethical committee and informed written consent from each patient. The admitted patients for elective surgical repair of ventral hernia were randomly allocated to Group A (laparoscopy) and B (open repair) including 80 patients in each group. Information regarding study parameters was recorded on a predesigned performa.Results: The mean age in laparoscopic group was 41.20 5.44 years and in open repair group it was43.32 4.31 years. In laparoscopic group there were 61 females (76.25%) and in open mesh repair group there were 63 (78.75%) females. The post-operative pain was significantly (p-value = 0.000) less in laparoscopic group (3.59 + 1.58) as compared to open repair group (5.49 1.59). The mean hospital stay was also significantly greater in open mesh repair group (31 5.8 vs. 39 7.36 p-value = 0.001). The time to resume work activities for the laparoscopic group was significantly (p-value = 0.046) shorter (median 21.0 days; inter-quartile range 24 days) compared with that for the open repair group (32.5 days; 36 days). There was significantly greater complication rate in open mesh repair group (48.75% vs 33.4% p-value = 0.032) as compared to laparoscopic group. Intra-operative complications were noted higher in laparoscopic group as compared to open mesh repair group.Conclusion: The laparoscopic management of ventral hernia repair has less post-operative pain less complications shorter hospital stay and shorter time of return to normal activity work.
Key Words: Ventral hernia Laparoscopy Pain score complication rate.
Ventral hernias are defects in the abdominal wall. They are normally classified by aetiology and location. The main reason of ventral hernias can be prior surgery (incisional) or spontaneously (umbilical epigastric spigelian or lumbar hernias). Ventral hernia repair is one of the most common operations performed by general surgeons.1An important postoperative complication after laparotomy is the appearance of ventral incisional hernias. Advancements in anaesthesia techniques adequate prevention and treatment of infection during surgery and the use of new suture materials have reduced the incidence of incisional hernias.2Repair of ventral hernia may be difficult and different surgical procedures have been developed for it.One of the key concepts in hernia surgery is tension free repair. The repair may be direct suturing or use of prosthetic mesh using the open or laparoscopic technique. Prosthetic mesh and tension free repair has revolutionized the repair of ventral hernias.3Ventral hernia is often serious clinical problem and a lasting surgical correction remains a challenge. Laparoscopic ventral hernia repair is a popular technique with good results and a fast postoperative recovery. The mesh is placed directly under the peritoneum and anchored with trans-abdominal sutures and tacks.4The laparoscopic ventral hernia repair makes use of the principles of the open technique including using large mesh prosthesis adequate overlap of the hernia defect and eliminating tension. The mesh is placed intraperitoneally and extensive soft tissue dissection is eliminated. Various comparative studies have shown that with LVHR wound complication rate patient discomfort length of hospital stay and time to return the normal activities are all reduced.5The systematic review performed under the auspi-ces of the Royal Australasian College of Surgeons Australian Safety and Efficacy Register of New Interventional Procedures Surgical and other recent studies demonstrated clear differences in the length of hospital stay and the total hospital cost between laparoscopic and open ventral hernia repair. They found that for the laparoscopic surgery groups the hospital stay was significantly shorter the instrument cost was significantly higher and the overall cost was significantly lower. The complication rate revealed large variation without a clear difference between the open and laparoscopic methods.6This prospective study was planned to compare complications after laparoscopic and open ventral herniarepairs in our setup where most of the young surgeons are in their learning and experimental phase. The main outcome measures would be post-operative pain hospital stay postoperative complications rate and time to return to normal work.
PATIENTS AND METHODSIn this randomised controlled trial study a total of 80 patients each in the two study groups were selected from department of Surgery Holy Family Hospital Rawalpindi. Approval of the study was taken from Hospital Ethical Committee and informed written consent was taken from each patient prior to include in the study. The patients were selected from admitted patients in the surgical wards for elective surgical repair of ventral hernia through outpatient department. These patients were selected by non-probability consecutive sampling method and were allocated to two groups randomly by lottery method. The patients of age more than 18 years and of either gender with a clinical and ultrasonographic diagnosis of having incisional umbilical / paraumbilical or epigastric hernia were included in the study. The patients who had previous history of operation repair of ventral hernias presence of any amount of intra-abdominal free fluid / ascites on abdominal examination known to have uncontrolled diabetes and / or hypertension and pregnant patients were excluded from the study.Patients were randomly allocated to Group A (laparoscopy) and B (open repair). Both groups had allocated procedure under general anaesthesia with same drugs and their dosages on the next elective surgical list. All the procedures were performed by consultant surgeons well experienced in the procedures to avoid bias. The operative time for each case was calculated by the investigator using a standard stop watch. Postoperatively all patients were kept NPO for at least 8hours and were given injection Augmentin 1.2 gm I/V TDS and injection Dicloran 75 mg I/M immediately after surgery and then after every 12 hours. Pain scores were measured at 24 hours after surgery. The time to return to normal activity work was also noted by following up the patients. All the findings were noted down on a predesigned proforma.The data was analyzed by using SPSS version 16. Categorical variables were expressed as frequencies with percentages. Quantitative data was expressed asmean standard deviation. The independent samples t test was used to compare operative time and pain scores between both groups. Mann Whitney U test was used to compare time to return to normal work in both groups. P value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
RESULTSIn this study a total of 160 patients underwent surgery80 laparoscopic and 80 open mesh repairs. The patients were followed for 8 weeks for any complication and were recorded. Table 1 provides the baseline characteristics of the 160 patients included in the analysis according to treatment group. Demographic characteristics were similar in the both groups.
Table 2: Comparison of different parameters in Laparoscopic and Open Repair groups.
re noted higher in laparoscopic group as compared to open mesh repair group. The intra-operative complications noted were injury to bowel (5% vs. 0) problem related to anaesthesia (2.5% vs. 0) and other complications (6.25% vs. 2.25%) in laparoscopic and open repair groups respectively.The short term postoperative complications were comparatively very high in open repair group as compared to laparoscopic group. The main short term complications recorded in both groups were hernia site infection (6.25% vs. 23.75%) wound hematoma (5% vs. 6.25%) intra-abdominal abscess (6.25% vs. 5%) bowel obstruction (7.5% vs. 6.25%) seroma (10% vs.26.25%) in laparoscopic and open mesh repair groupsrespectively. All the patients in both groups were followed up to 8 weeks for any kind of infection or any other complication related to operation and it was noted that only hernia site infection was recorded in this follow-up in two patients in laparoscopic group and in three patients in open mesh repair group.
Ventral hernias are common clinical problems and controversy still exists as to the best method for surgery. There are no large randomized or multicenter trials completed till today. Data from smaller trials and cohort studies represent the available evidence. Laparoscopic repair of ventral incisional hernia is a technique in its relative infancy. The evidence base lacks large multicentre randomized control trials. However meta analyses point towards the technique as offering improved outcome particularly in the short term parameters. The technique has been demonstrated to be safe in all patient groups including the elderly and obese.78 It may be performed under spinal anaesthetic in selected patients.9In one meta-analysis of eight studies comparing open and laparoscopic ventral incisional hernia repair was associated with a 50% reduction in the rate of per-operative complications conferring an equivalent reduction in the length of hospital stay.10The results of the present study also support the reduction of complications and hospital stay in laparoscopic group in contrast to open repair group. According to the results the complications rate was significantly greater in open mesh repair group (48.75% vs.33.4% p-value = 0.032) as compared to laparoscopic group. The mean age in laparoscopic group was 41.20 5.44 years and in open repair group it was 43.32 4.31 years. Majority of the patients in both groups were females in laparoscopic group there were 61 (76.25%) and in open mesh repair group there were 63 (78.75%) females. The mean hospital stay was also significantly greater in open mesh repair group (31 5.8 hr vs. 39 7.36 hr p-value = 0.001).Another meta-analysis was conducted in USA in2007 comparing open versus laparoscopic ventral hernia repairs. In this study postoperative inpatient hospital stay was more frequent after the open procedure than after the laparoscopic procedure (p less than .05).11Laparoscopic ventral hernia repair has gained popularity over the recent years ever since introduced by Karl Leblane in 1992. It has a number of advantages over traditional open hernia repair.12 It continues to gain popularity because of its low rates of complications and hernia recurrence and short hospital stay and short recovery times.13Abdominal wall hernias are a familiar surgical problem. Millions of patients are affected each year presenting most commonly with primary ventral incisional and inguinal hernias. Whether symptomatic or asymptomatic hernias commonly cause pain or are aesthetically distressing to patients. These concerns coupled with the risk of incarceration are the most common reasons patients seek surgical repair of hernias.14This meta-analysis demonstrated that laparoscopic tension free mesh repair of recurrent inguinal hernia did not offer a significant benefit over open tension free mesh repair in the major outcome measures of preventing future recurrence and chronic pain. Laparoscopic surgery offered benefits in secondary outcome measures by reducing short term post-operative pain shortening the time to return to work after operation.15According to the results of our study the time to resume work activities for the laparoscopic group was significantly (p-value = 0.046) shorter (median 21.0 days; inter-quartile range 24 days) compared with that for the open repair group (32.5 days; 36 days). These results have also been supported by other studies that laparoscopic ventral hernia repair is associated with less severe complications and shorter hospital stays when compared with open repair. It further validates the use of the laparoscopic approach.16-18Some studies have recorded that there is no difference in the times to resume normal activities (dailywork recreational social and sexual activities) between the 2 groups. The median time to resume daily activities was 8 days for both groups. The time to resume work activities for the laparoscopic group was shorter (median 23.0 days; inter-quartile range 30 days) compared with that for the open repair group.2In a multicenter randomized trial comparing laparoscopic repair to open repair overall of VIH it was seen that the likelihood of developing complications up to 8 weeks postoperatively was approximately 50% lower in patients whose hernias were repaired by means of the laparoscopic technique but serious complications such as bowel injury were more common in the laparoscopic group. Of all the complications surgical site infections and seromas in the early post-operative period were significantly more common in the open repair group.1920In the present study short term postoperative complications were comparatively very high in open repair group as compared to laparoscopic group. The main short term complications recorded in both groups were hernia site infection (6.25% vs. 23.75%) wound hematoma (5% vs. 6.25%) intra-abdominal abscess (6.25% vs. 5%) bowel obstruction (7.5% vs.6.25%) seroma (10% vs. 26.25%) in laparoscopic and open mesh repair groups respectively. All the patients in both groups were followed up to 8 weeks for any kind of infection or any other complication related to operation and it was noted that only hernia site infection was recorded in this follow-up in two patients in laparoscopic group and in three patients in open mesh repair group.Bowel perforation occurred uniquely in the laparoscopic group as compare to the open repair technique which does not require entry into the peritoneal cavity. The rate of laparoscopic bowel injury is similar to that previously reported.2122It is concluded that the results of the present study elaborates that laparoscopic ventral hernia repair has advantages over open mesh repair in terms of postoperative pain complications rate duration of hospital stay and duration of return to normal activity work. Which can further be improved by getting expertise in it.
The authors are thankful to the administration and faculty of Surgical Department Holy Family Hospital for supporting and facilitating this study.
1. Khan JS Qureshi U Farooq U Hassa ZF Hassan H.The comparison of open and laparoscopic ventral hernia repairs. J Postgrad Med Inst 2012; 26 (4): 397-401.2. Itani KMF Hur K Kim LT Anthony T Berger DH Reda D et al. Comparison of Laparoscopic and Open Repair with Mesh for the Treatment of Ventral Incisional Hernia. Arch Surg. 2010; 145 (4): 322-328.3. Gray SH Hawn MT Itani Kamal MF. Surgical progress in Inguinal and ventral incision Hernia repair. Surg. Clin. N. Am. 2008; 88: 17-26.4. Smietanski M Bigda J Iwan K. Assessment of usefulness exhibited by different tacks in Laparoscopic ventral hernia repair. Surg. Endosc. 2007; 21 (6): 925-928.5. Rooh-ul-Muqim Qutb-e-Alam Jan Zarin M Gul F Ahmed J Iqbal J Wazir A. Laparoscopic repair of ven-tral hernia an early experience at Khyber Teaching Hospital Peshawar. J Public Health Epidemiol. 2010; 1 (1):07-10.6. Bingener J Buck L Richards M Michalek J Schwesinger W Sirinek K. Long term Outcomes in Laparoscopic vs. Open Ventral Hernia Repair. Arch Surg. 2007;142: 562-7.7. Lee YK Iqbal A Vitamvas M McBride C Thompson J Oleynikov D. Is it safe to perform laparoscopic ventral hernia repair with mesh in elderly patients Hernia2008; 12: 239-42.8. Tsereeli Z Pryor BA Heniford BT Park A Voeller G Ramshaw BJ. Laparoscopic ventral hernia repair in morbidly obese patients. Hernia 2008; 12: 233-8.9. Tzovaras G Zacharoulis D Georgopoulou S Pratsas KStamatiou G Hatzitheofilou C. Laparoscopic ventral hernia repair under spinal anaesthesia: a feasibility study. Am Surg 2008; 196: 191-4.10. Goodney PP Birkmeyer CM Birkmeyer JD. Short term outcomes of laparoscopic and open ventral hernia repair: a meta-analysis. Arch Surg 2002; 137: 1161-5.11. Bingener J Bingener J Buck L Richards M Michalek J Schwesinger W Sirinek K. Longterm outcomes in laparoscopic vs. open ventral hernia repair. Arch Surg 2007;142: 562-7.12. McGreevy JM. Goodney PP Birkmeyer CM Finlayson SRO Laycock WS Birkmeyer JD. A prospective study comparing the complication rates between laparoscopic and open ventral hernia repairs. Surg Enclose 2003; 17:1778-80.13. Sajid MS Bokhari SA Mallick AS Cheek E Baig MK.Laparoscopic versus open repair of incisional ventral hernia: A meta-analysis. Am J Surg 2008; 197: 64-72.14. Turner PL Park AE. Laparoscopic Repair of Ventral Incisional Hernias: Pros and Cons. Surg Clin N Am. 2008; (88): 85-100.15. Karthikesalingam A Markar SR Holt PJE PraseedomRK. Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials comparing laparoscopic with open mesh repair of recurrent inguinal hernia. Brit J Surg 2010; 97: 4-11.16. Kumar MD. Longterm Outcomes in Laparoscopic vs.Open Ventral Hernia Repair. World J Laparos Surg.2008; 1 (2): 32-5.17. DeMaria EJ Moss JM Sugerman HJ. Laparoscopic intra-peritoneal polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) prosthetic patch repair of ventral hernia. Prospective comparison to open prefascial polypropylene mesh repair. Surg Endosc. 2000; 14 (4): 326-9.18. Heniford B Park T Ramshaw B.J. Voller G. Laparoscopic repair of ventral hernia: Nine Years experiences with850 consecutive hernias. Ann Surg. 2003; 238 (3): 391-9.
KNOWLEDGE AND PRACTICE REGARDING PREVENTION OF HEPATITIS B AMONG NON-GAZZETED STAFF OF TERTIARY CARE TEACHING HOSPITAL IN PRIVATE SECTOR LAHORE.
DIAGNOSTIC ACCURACY OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING IN DETECTION OF ACOUSTIC NEUROMA.


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jt@wideawakewellness.com.au
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I am a Queenslander who lives in Victoria. Born on a Cattle Station out near Roma, we moved around a bit first to a dairy farm, a country pub and finally, at the age of 10, we left the bush and my Dad took over a pub in the heart of Collingwood. I suppose after that change, nothing really shocks me, so I am a pretty relaxed customer. As a kid, I loved Football and Cricket and loved being fit. I had a crack at every sport. Underneath all of that was a deep sense of wonder. My religious education didn't give me the answers so I developed a 'yearning for learning'; to find out; to know. Whether it was the pub upbringing, or something in my genes, I developed a capacity to use words to help others to understand. With a passion for story-telling and a deep desire to explore, I went down many roads. Since completing my Phys. Ed. degree in 1981, I have served 7 AFL teams as either a conditioning coach and/or nutritionist, partially completed a Masters, I've written books, e-books, 100's of articles, lectured in Universities, studied with people who live on the edge of discovery and have presented over 2000 seminars in workplaces across Australia and across the World. Until the end of 2016, I served on the RMIT School of Health Sciences Program Advisory Committee. I have been married twice, have a wonderful son and two incredible step daughters. These days I am enjoying a single life in which I can focus on my work and my efforts to improve the world in whatever way I can.
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Q: Where is the Qt Maintenance Tool? I've installed QtCreator in Kubuntu 15.10 through apt-get and it say my computer doesn't have the required Qt Kit and can be installed through Qt Maintenance Tool.
But I don't think I have Qt Maintenance Tool in my start menu and didn't found it in Synaptic.

A: Install Qt development packages qt5-default qtdeclarative5-dev through apt-get.

A: I found the maintenance tool binary for my installation at /opt/Qt5.7.0/MaintenanceTool on Ubuntu 14.04.
I found it by using the locate tool:
sudo apt-get install mlocate
sudo updatedb
locate -i maintenance | grep -i qt

Anyways, using the maintenance tool with the apt provided package was a rabbit hole with other problems.  I ended up installing a fresh version of QtCreator from the universal linux binary install provided at qt.io installing into $HOME/Qt.  Uses of that maintenance tool actually do work and I can upgrade Qt Versions easily.

A: Just add a Kit of your own choice in:

Tools > Options > Build & Run > Kits > (press) Add (button on the right side) > (give the Unnamed kit a name, or not, your choice) > Apply | OK

Note: The default kit, which comes pre-installed didn't work for me. So I recreated one.
You can select compiler kits, tools, platform, version of qt and anything else for your kit if you need to.

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Q: Android youtube in webview I have using Webview to display some html data in my app. I am using the following code.
WebView featureview = (WebView) findViewById(R.id.featureview);
WebSettings webSettings = featureview.getSettings();
webSettings.setJavaScriptEnabled(true);
featureview.loadData(featureDescription, "text/html", "utf-8");

Some of the html data has embedded video from youtube using code like <iframe height='390' frameborder='0' width='640' allowfullscreen='' src='http://www.youtube.com/embed/8xgkw67o0Gc' title='YouTube video player'></iframe>. But it is giving black screen. what is the problem in code? Here I like to add I have installed the flash player and I am trying in in Android 2.2 device.

A: Try:
webView.getSettings().setPluginsEnabled(true);

Or the non-deprecated equivalent:
webview.getSettings().setPluginState(WebSettings.PluginState.ON);

A: Enable javascript
 myWebView = (WebView) findViewById(R.id.webview);
 WebSettings webSettings = myWebView.getSettings();
 webSettings.setJavaScriptEnabled(true);
 myWebView.loadUrl("http://www.youtube.com");

see this links
http://www.anddev.org/novice-tutorials-f8/play-youtube-videos-with-youtube-app-from-webview-t50422.html


Celebrate the art of play, with a modern twist. Take inspiration from the colorful and creative objects in Serious Play: Design in Midcentury America. Meet a game designer, and make your own toys, including spinning tops. Use your imagination as you stroll through Carton City, a town made of cardboard boxes.
Learn more about Kohl's Art Generation Family Sundays.


This neighborhood, Arrowhead Forest,is located in Cherokee County GA., City of Waleska 30183. This subdivision is located between Reinheardt College Pkwy and Little Rufuge Rd and near Lake Arrowhea and Reinhardt University. Most of the houses were built 1989-2004 and built in the traditional country style. The list price range for a house in Arrowhead Forest is between $134,900 to $369,900. Most of the homes in this community have from 3 to 6 bedrooms & 2 to 7.5 bathrooms. Homes & Real Estate...Continue Reading!


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Is God Really Out There?
Is God Real or a Myth
Most Hated Religion In The World
Jun 22, 2018. CHRISTIANS are the most persecuted religion in the world as they face mounting pressure over their beliefs, with government restrictions,
nfl August 28, 2017 3:02pm EDT August 28, 2017 8:58am EDT SN presents its ranking of the most hated players currently in the NFL. There was more than.
Sep 11, 2018. I have always thought religion was a belief in a higher being or a set of principles. Empire, The Spanish Inquisition, the Spanish Conquest of the New World, Throughout history, the Jews have been hated and slaughtered because. Religions, for the most part, do not breed hatred, bigotry and violence,
In the past 2000 years, two major world religions have emerged from the sandy peninsula we now call the Middle East: Islam and Christianity. While these two religions vary in history, belief, and practice, they also have many similarities. Islam : in 610CE, God gave his first declared revelation to.
In 1964, Madalyn Murray O'Hair appeared in Life magazine, her infamy warranting a headline branding her "The Most Hated Woman in America. she attacked the religious, ridiculed their beliefs, and pr.
Feb 10, 2018. Holy Hate: The Far Right's Radicalization of Religion. World Church of the Creator), incorporate religious teachings, texts, Odinism and Asatru are the most popular Nordic mythological religions among white supremacists.
Feb 04, 2016 · What's it like to be Britain's most hated man? Ask Tommy Robinson The former leader of the English Defence League is now a national pariah. Perhaps he.
"Historically, women who have changed the world…women who have. life murder case (O'Haver calls Most Hated Woman a "true-crime biopic"), and he's hoping people will come for the noir and stay for t.
Aug 20, 2018. As religious hate crimes rise in America, faith groups across the country. Jewish and Muslim communities are the most targeted religious groups, from around the world donating $1.13 million to a GoFundMe account.
Apr 14, 2017. Pew analyzed cases that involved hate crimes, mob violence, communal violence, Countries with the most religious unrest in 2015.
The end time (also called end times, end of time, end of days, last days, final days, or eschaton) is a future time-period described variously in the eschatologies of several world religions (both Abrahamic and non-Abrahamic), which teach that world events will reach a final climax. The Abrahamic faiths maintain a linear cosmology, with end-time scenarios containing themes of transformation.
Yet, most telling of all is the response of the non-Jewish world to Israel's Nation-State Law. Foreign ministries, embassies, churches, the UN, the New York Times and BBC have all made a point to loud.
"Hate" is a strong word, but you asked for the 10 most hated countries in Asia. This sentiment is. that ranked 9th on our list of most hated countries in Asia is often judged by the rest of the wor.
tolstoi Perhaps the most striking facet about Jew-hatred is its irrationality. And the reason why there is anti-Semitism is very simply that the world is still not fixed. The father of Judaism, and of all Abrahamic religions, is Abraham Our Father.
John Vibes writes for True Activist and is an author, researcher and investigative journalist who takes a special interest in the counter culture and the drug war. This article (Monsanto: One Of The Most Hated Organizations On Earth Is Now Trying To Change Its Name) is free and open source.You have permission to republish this article under a Creative Commons license with attribution to the.
In 1964, Life magazine dubbed Madalyn Murray O'Hair "the most hated woman in America," running a huge. the conventional wisdom goes that one of the great comforts of religion is the way it promises.
"LeBron James is now the most hated person in Israel," Sharon Davidovitch. but Israelis rarely have success in the NBA, the world's biggest basketball league. When the Cavaliers advanced to the NBA.
Religious or not, you should definitely know about the top 15 atheist or least religious countries in the world, so make sure to read. there also those countries that can be marked as most religiou.
It's hot money that is powering this market and will continue to propel this market, which is why this is probably the most hated bull market in the history of all bull markets. The world is embracing.
The REC's Publishing Department has specialist expertise in producing print publications and websites dealing with environment and sustainability, the substantive knowledge to shape the message, and the technical know-how to publish with minimum ecological impact.
Initially, the Jews of Palestine thought it best served their interests to cooperate with the British administration. The World Zionist Organization (founded 1897) was regarded as the de facto Jewish Agency stipulated in the mandate, although its president, Chaim Weizmann, remained in London, close to the British government; the Polish-born emigré David Ben-Gurion became the leader of a.
Yet, even though her killer was a fellow atheist, the movie goes out of its way to make religious people the true villains of the story. It seemed apparent to me, then, that the people who produced "T.
In the storybook version most of us learned in school, the Pilgrims came to. Ever since these religious dissidents arrived at their shining "city upon a hill," as.
Julia Beck weighs in on the trans debate and the argument against trans people in female-only spaces.
"Religion is the opium of the people" is one of the most frequently paraphrased statements of German philosopher and economist Karl Marx.It was translated from the German original, "Die Religion. ist das Opium des Volkes" and is often rendered as "religion. is the opiate of the masses.". The quotation originates from the introduction of Marx's work A Contribution to the Critique of Hegel.
Likewise, Hitler frequently tailored his statements on religion to appeal to various sectors of German society. Because German and Austrian society was still overwhelmingly Christian (split.
Previous post Poem Analysis of "Fra Lippo Lippi" by Robert Browning: The Theme & Meaning of Celibacy Next post Elements of Romanticism in Frankenstein by Mary Shelley.
If the people who make this assertion are merely saying that most Americans are. Fathers did not create a secular government because they disliked religion. so many nations of the Old World" and said in light of that it was felt "inexpedient.
Jul 20, 2017 · Johnny Depp took to acting in the 1980s after starring in A Nightmare on Elm Street (1984), but he really rose to fame after starring in the popular TV series 21 Jump Street.Today, he is one of the most successful actors, described as "possibly among the most versatile actors of his day and age in Hollywood" by his dedicated website, johnnydeppweb.com.
Most people, at least as far as can be discerned from the written and. The many gods of the religions of the ancient world fulfilled this function as specialists. Set, consumed by jealousy, hated his brother and killed him to assume the throne.
Director Tommy O'Haver's new film about the crime – The Most Hated Woman in America – plays out like an. longtime writing partner Irene Turner to the story of arguably the world's most infamous ath.
The most intense of these experiences occurred. she gasps. "He wasn't religious, but he came from a good Jewish family in Wellington. Dad never found out, but he hated Keith from the moment they me.
Oct 29, 2018. "A godless world is as mysterious as one suffused with divinity," John Gray writes. Those who belonged to pacifist religious traditions, such as Mennonites and. The most evident manifestation of this resurgence of Christian. These aren't misotheists—those who hate God, like the Marquis de Sade,
May 31, 2018. Americans are deeply religious people—and atheists are no exception. "The 1950s were the most religious America has ever been," he said.
I Will Hear Your Prayers When you spread forth your hands, I will hide my eyes from you. Yes, when you make many prayers, I will not hear. Your hands are full of blood. – World English Bible And in your spreading forth your hands, I hide mine eyes from you, Also when ye increase prayer, I do not hear, Your hands of blood have been full. – Youngs Literal Bible And when. May 23, 2008. While we can be
St Mary's Church Williamston Mi in St Mary Catholic Church. Parents of the bride. Groomsmen: Craig Braun, Sterling Heights; David Russ, Williamston; Andrew and Matthew Dunaj and Michael Zimmer, aR of St Clair; and Paul Dunaj, Wes. 18A• Sunday,April27,2014• Lansing State Journal www.lsj.com Catherine Louise Rumbaugh St. Johns Catherine was born on March 29, 1923 in Flint, MI to Jacob and. long time parishioner at St. Mary Cat. Thurman G. Peninger, age 76, of Bushnell, Florida, passed away December 19,
I Ll Be There Faith Hill Lyrics Faith Hill lyrics – 110 song lyrics sorted by album, including "There You'll Be", "Let's Make Love", "Like We Never Loved At All". There are cowboy boots everywhere. critics of the industry say—the attention artists like Loretta Lynn or Dolly Parton or Faith Hill or Reba (depending on your generation) once had, most especially. Stephan, a stolen former Team J.Hud contestant who barely turned even one chair after flubbing his lyrics. Faith Hill's "Breathe." It
Feb 10, 2015. Muslim female converts: 'We're more religious and more hated'. brought with it more criticisms: "Most people think I have brainwashed her or.
Trump is the most hated person in human history. fanatic religious zealot fools, bigots, racists or or angry old white duped fools. New polls show that America has less respect from the rest of the.
Scarcely a month went by in 2015 without the christening of some new "most hated" person: whether "pharmabro. and proclaimed their support for a so-called "Religious Freedom Restoration" bill. The.
An Online Encyclopedia of Roman Emperors. DIR Atlas Constantine I (306 – 337 A.D.) Hans A. Pohlsander SUNY Albany. Bust of Constantine I Introduction The emperor Constantine has rightly been called the most important emperor of Late Antiquity.
This principle is at the heart of the Netflix biopic The Most Hated Woman in America. Hated Woman does an excellent job at revealing the fundamental contradiction of O'Hair's life—that while she sp.
Sep 15, 2016. As its title suggests, "Atheists and Other Cultural Outsiders: Moral Boundaries and the Non-Religious in the United States," published recently.
The father begging God to watch over his family even as the world becomes less and less familiar. maybe that's the most self-hating part of me — not that I hated being Jewish; I hated the tradition.
Oct 27, 2017. So, of course, the world's gaze turns to this religion to understand what exactly is going on. Various. This question, for me, is the most difficult to answer but the most commonly posed. Does Islam hate women? 06. 10.
Greek religion, religious beliefs and practices of the ancient Hellenes.Greek religion is not the same as Greek mythology, which is concerned with traditional tales, though the two are closely interlinked.Curiously, for a people so religiously minded, the Greeks had no word for religion itself; the nearest terms were eusebeia ("piety") and threskeia ("cult").
Apr 26, 2018. Facebook is facing rampant criticism that hate speech spread on the platform has. [India's Hindu right intensifies a religious battle over a demolished mosque]. Like Washington Post World on Facebook and stay updated on foreign news. Analysis on the most important global story of the day, top reads,
This past week, presidential counselor Kellyanne Conway came under withering criticism after she partly attributed the massacre at Pittsburgh's Tree of Life synagogue to general hatred of religion.
May 12, 2014. You hate religion. You particularly hate Islam. We get. What do you deduct from the fact most Muslim women in the world are not circumcised?
Reuniting families Now that the hated IS caliphate is near its end. they killed thousands of their men and kidnapped over 6,400 members of the religious minority. Of these, around 3,400, most of th.
Indeed. But first, we have to get past the fact that WE are Israel – the antiChrist jew is edom [what few that are even Adamic, most are khazars] and God says right in Scripture that He hates edom.
How Americans Feel About Religious Groups. Jews, Catholics & Evangelicals Rated Warmly, Atheists and Muslims More Coldly
Sep 16, 2016. Muslims are the most disapproved group in America, according to a new. terrorist attacks around the world, the study found that almost half of those. a professor at Barnard College in New York, told Religion News that the.
Like most news networks, every viewer has their absolute favorite hosts and the ones they can't stand to watch. These are the most loved and hated Fox News Hosts.
. in North Yorkshire and York, however, other major world religions are represented, After Christianity, Islam is the most represented religion in North Yorkshire. It is also the most targeted in terms of hate crime: a new mosque being built in.
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The use of smartphones to deposit checks is growing rapidly, offering a time-saving option for mobile Notaries to credit their bank account as soon as a notarization is complete. A recent study by the Federal Reserve Board found that 21 percent of smartphone owners have used mobile banking in the past year, utilizing technology that allows payments to be deposited more quickly and efficiently, along with other banking functions. Although the most common use of mobile banking is to review balances, many consumers are using this tool to make direct deposits to their own or another person's checking, credit card, or PayPal account.
The American Banking Association also indicates a rise in popularity of mobile banking, with 25 percent of customers saying it is now more popular with them than visiting a branch office or ATM.
Both studies disclosed that a concern about security was the only disadvantage reported. The NNA's recent tips about online security can help increase the safety of using devices such as smartphones and iPads. To learn more about mobile banking applications or other popular "apps" our members recommend, check out the November issue of The National Notary.


James Avant IV needed an outlet. Then a University of Cincinnati student, he was searching for ways to alleviate his anxiety and baking seemed to do just that. Diagnosed with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) during his sophomore year in college, he found baking to be a methodical, therapeutic, artistic process that resulted in an end product anyone could enjoy.
Avant loved sweets like cakes, pies and cookies and decided to master the craft of baking. As he honed his skills, he began working in high volumes, pushing out loads of desserts between homework and marathon cleaning sessions (another anxiety reliever).
With some help from ArtWorks, an award-winning Cincinnati nonprofit that employs and trains local youth and artists to create art that impacts the community, he created a mission behind his venture, which he decided to call "OCD Cakes" — Obsessive Cake Disorder. And the business took off.
Avant's businesses, "OCD Cakes" and the forthcoming "Bakeologie," aim to bring people together through the enjoyment of cake and baking. The young entrepreneur recently received a $15,000 business grant from the ArtWorks and U.S. Bank Big Pitch Competition.
Avant has baking in his blood. He grew up spending time in his grandparents' kitchen, where he watched as his grandmother spent her days cooking up delicious meals. He started to try his hand at baking. The first dish he ever made from scratch was cornbread. By the time Avant was in high school, he wanted to attend Le Cordon Bleu, one of the finest culinary institutions in the world.
"I knew nothing about it, but I knew that it was fancy and that's where I could go to be a pastry chef," Avant says.
Later into his high school years, Avant was diagnosed with migraines. One episode sent him to the hospital, where he was administered a drug that he would soon discover he was allergic to.
Avant had experienced dystonia, a neurological reaction, as a result of the drug. While researching dystonic reactions and neurotoxins during his recovery, he became interested in neuroscience.
He began doing research at Cincinnati Children's Hospital while in high school and continued working on studies and various projects there throughout his career at UC, where he majored in neurobiology and minored in Spanish from 2011-15.
It was during Avant's freshman year at UC when he began to notice that some personal quirks he'd dealt with since childhood were beginning to overwhelm him. For example, he felt the need to avoid touching certain steps on the staircase in his home.
"I would skip up those steps. It got to the point where I'd be carrying large boxes or something fragile and trying to decide if I wanted the anxiety from stepping on the step or to forego my safety and try to skip those steps while still trying to maintain balance," he explains.
In the classroom, this would manifest when a teacher would erase something off the board — but not completely. Avant would be compelled to get up and erase it himself in an effort to quell his anxiety.
He eventually pointed out the specifics of his compulsions and anxiety to his parents and they took him to see some therapists. But after making his way through five doctors, it was hard to find a specialist that was a good fit.
"I thought, I need to find something that works for me," he says.
That's when Avant returned to the kitchen — now, as a source of relief from anxiety. Because of his course load and involvement at UC, he would bake in the wee hours of the night at his college apartment.
After he was diagnosed with OCD, the medication he was prescribed caused side effects that impacted his class performance and overall involvement in school.
Though his chance to become a doctor seemed to slip away, Avant seized the opportunity to capitalize on his cakes.
Inspired by the sitcom "2 Broke Girls," in which two diner waitresses start up their own cupcake shop, Avant decided to pursue baking as a legitimate business in 2014. But he knew he couldn't do it alone. While he could deliver a delicious, beautiful product, he wasn't trained in starting a business. And this was during the "cupcake boom," the peak of the tiny treat's popularity — he needed to identify how his bakery business would be different.
So he turned to ArtWorks, founded by another UC alum, Tamara Harkavy, M (DAAP) '94. Avant enrolled in ArtWorks Co.Starters, a nine-week business development program for creative types, artisans and lifestyle entrepreneurs.
"It was a great way for me to be able to really understand the business side of business, because even now my preference is the creative side and product development," he explains.
And OCD Cakes was born.
Despite the playful name, Avant doesn't take the term OCD lightly.
It's not uncommon today to hear healthy, undiagnosed individuals say they have "OCD" casually, often as a synonym for being tidy or particular. This can be offensive to the people afflicted with the disorder who face intrusive obsessive thoughts that cause anxiety and then compulsive rituals to curb that anxiety.
"The difference between having tendencies and having OCD is that it affects your ability to function as a contributing member of society. So, if your OCD is making you late, that's an example," he explains. Hearing someone use the term upset Avant before, but now, he says, "I don't get so frustrated anymore, I just kindly correct people. But I used to get really frustrated because I would never, ever wish having OCD on my worst enemy.
In addition to starting a conversation about mental health by having OCD in the bakery's name, Avant also donates a percentage of profits, resources and time to local agencies and initiatives like the National Alliance on Mental Illness or Active Minds, the nonprofit organization dedicated to raising mental health awareness among college students.
As OCD Cakes continued to grow, companies began to approach him with large orders — thousands of cupcakes at a time. Still baking out of his apartment, Avant would have to turn away business because he simply could not meet the demand. It was time to look outside his home and into some commercial kitchen options.
Once again, Avant did his research and took advantage of local resources. At the time, Findlay Market was developing a shared-use kitchen space on-site. Avant actively pursued the staff at Findlay, keeping up with the kitchen's plans, and when Findlay Kitchen opened at the market in March 2016, OCD Cakes was accepted into its inaugural group of 30 members. The community kitchen gives him and other Cincinnati-area entrepreneurs access to kitchen equipment that was very expensive and out of reach for most start-ups. He now also has the space to host cooking classes and philanthropic events, which would inspire his next venture.
Within the first few months of operating out of Findlay Kitchen, Avant decided to apply for another ArtWorks creative enterprise initiative.
ArtWorks Big Pitch is a 10-week mentorship program and pitch competition in which established creative entrepreneurs have the chance to win up to $20,000 in business grants. Eight finalists are matched up with a small business banking mentor and a community mentor who owns a business in a similar industry. Finalists must also attend workshops on everything from business pitching to financial management. The program culminates with each entrepreneur delivering a five-minute pitch to panel of judges and a live audience. The panel evaluates each business plan and pitch, awarding a $15,000 grant (the audience also votes for a winner, who receives $5,000).
Avant was selected as a finalist and paired with Paul Picton of Maverick Chocolate, a "bean-to-bar" craft chocolate company that also operates out of Findlay Market, as well as small business specialist Michael Howard. Avant describes them as "awesome" mentors.
"I specified that I wanted someone who was really great with financial management because, as a creative [person], sometimes I get more caught up in making sure I'm delivering this product that looks and tastes great, but not necessarily being cost-efficient all the time," Avant says.
Having attended the 2015 Big Pitch event, Avant was already familiar with the format and what judges were looking for. He knew he had to provide hard numbers and a solid financial plan.
He was present at every workshop and event and stayed in constant contact with the ArtWorks team, something he says Shailah Maynard, ArtWorks creative enterprise director, applauded him for.
And it worked. On Oct. 6, 2016, Avant pitched his idea for a sister company to OCD Cakes, Bakeologie, which would also operate out of Findlay Kitchen, offering hands-on cooking classes with a focus on baking sweet and savory dishes to be enjoyed family-style, and other community food-centric events. The judges awarded Avant the $15,000 grand prize.
As a previous chef instructor at Sur la Table, Avant noticed that many attendees who enjoyed classes at a discounted rate could not afford to attend the regularly priced events. He set out to create a "social bonding experience" with food that was affordable and accessible to many people, particularly in the Over-the-Rhine area that surrounds Findlay Market.
Like OCD Cakes, Bakeologie has a social mission to unite the community — Avant plans on hosting social potlucks, where folks can bring a dish, learn a cooking skill and commune with others who share a passion for food. He also suggests real-life food-fight events which will source local food waste from hotels, restaurants and other food production facilities. Part of the proceeds from these particular events will go back to local food-conscious organizations and pantries.
In the future, Avant hopes to continue down the path of educating others. For OCD Cakes, that means creating a supportive culture and combating the social stigma that surrounds mental illness through talks at schools, businesses and organizations (something he's already begun to do).
"I love sharing my story because I think I'm fortunate. I've gotten to a point where I'm comfortable telling people my story with the goal of encouraging people to not only seek help, but be more mindful about how they approach mental illness," he says.
For Bakeologie — launching in January — that means teaching people about cooking and baking techniques, overall food education and the importance of creating community.


The Imo State Governor, Rochas Okorocha, on Tuesday said that he did not have any opposition in the state.
In a statement made available to our correspondent by his Chief Press Secretary, Mr. Sam Onwuemeodo, the governor boasted that no reasonable Imo man or woman could come out in protest against him or his administration.
"We want to take the floor once again to inform the general public that Governor Rochas Okorocha or his Rescue Mission Administration does not have any opposition in the state. The few elite, whose simple and compound interest is 2019 governorship in the state, do not constitute any opposition in the proper sense of the word and so, they only operate on the social media.
"We want also to state clearly that no reasonable Imo man or woman can come out in protest against Governor Rochas Okorocha or his administration because he has done for them what they never knew could be done by a government in the state.
"Why all these? Those who follow postings on the social media must have read what a faceless or non-existent group that called itself 'Imo Peoples Action for Democracy' with no fixed address or any existing human being behind it, had published threatening to 'occupy Imo' from Monday, December 18, 2017 to Sunday, December 24, 2017 in protest for reasons best known to them.
"When we saw that gimmick, we didn't react to it because we knew it was one of such rooster and bull stories. After all, a one-time speaker of the state House of Assembly had issued a similar threat last year and on the day he said he was going to have a rally against the government, he was not even in Owerri but in Abuja enjoying himself. At the end of the day, nothing happened.
Cutting the cake to mark President Buhari's birthday, the Chief of Staff to Okorocha on Operations, Kingsley Uju, said, "Today, we are seeing genuine love in action. Today, the youths, women and general people of Imo State in their large numbers are celebrating a man who has done so well in protecting the unity of Nigeria and restoring the once-lost integrity of Nigeria.


The rally in Berlin against federal surveillance gathered thousands of people under the motto 'Freedom not fear,' who were calling for stricter control of German intelligence agencies.
The organizers said about 6,500 demonstrators, a broad coalition of pro-transparency, anti-surveillance and civil rights groups including the Electronic Frontier Foundation, Reporters Without Borders, Digital Courage, and Amnesty International joined the rally as they marched from the Brandenburg Gate to the Federal Chancellery.
The American Internet activist and journalist Jacob Appelbaum called on activists to not be afraid to expose government secrets, with many in the crowd holding signs with photos of Edward Snowden.
"We have to stand up for all of those who do not usually get support. For all these people across the globe. For confidential communication. For privacy on the Internet. For encryption... It really works. And for anonymity. It protects you," Appelbaum said.
"The disclosures of the last months showed the whole world that the right to privacy is being dramatically eroded," Sebastian Schweda of human rights organisation Amnesty International warned.
Protest comes amid the ongoing four-day protest organized by the hacktivist collective Anonymous UK outside Britain's Government Communications Headquarters (GCHQ), launched in support of a legal challenge against GCHQ mass surveillance.
The German rally also follows several recent scandalous revelations of Germany's own spying activity, besides what was revealed about its intelligence services' cooperation with NSA and allies in the files leaked by Snowden.
Earlier this month, it was reported that German foreign intelligence agency has been tapping Turkey for almost four decades as well as eavesdropped at least on one telephone conversation of US Secretary of State John Kerry. Berlin also announced it had discovered an alleged American spy in the country's Defense Ministry.
The US and Germany have been at odds in the spying row ever since Edward Snowden's National Security Agency revelations in June 2013. In October, it was revealed the NSA had been spying on German Chancellor Angela Merkel's calls since 2002. A German parliamentary committee has since been holding hearings on the NSA's spying activities in Germany.


Whilst verification on Social Media platforms is primarily a tool for making popular brands and influential people easier to find and separate them from the many fake accounts that pop up with similar names, in the entertainment industry, that blue tick is also a status symbol. UK Rap is a growing genre within UK Music and UK Rappers are becoming a lot more sought after and respected, so to be recognised by these platforms especially Instagram lets the artist know that they are officially a Rapper. We have selected five UK rappers that have been given their blue tick on Instagram and have been putting in crazy work to be recognised for their craft, that you might not have realised have gained their verified status.
Young Adz & Dirtbike LB are a rap duo from Lewisham, South London who have jumped into the premier league of UK Rap with back 2 back bangers 'Traphouse', 'Large Amounts', 'The Shard' & most recently 'Favourite Girl' featuring Young T and Bugsey, mixing wavy melodic autotune with hard-hitting street bars, whilst appealing to a strong female audience. With a host of shows under their belt and opening up for Krept and Konan at the 02 arena, Kentish Town, the Rappers are polishing up their performance skills and continuing to get onto the radar of every Industry influencer and platform. With Millions of views on all of their latest releases and the exciting start of a journey from the streets to the top of the rap game, now is the perfect time to follow them on Instagram.
South London Rapper Che Lingo is a rapper with strong Musical influences and even stronger views on his social surroundings, which make his message more powerful and able to resonate. The lyricist's achievements are often overlooked by his industry peers, but can stand toe to toe with your favorite rapper, including "Channeling The Waves" which on the power of pre-orders alone, ended up reaching the top 50 in the Hip-hop/Rap iTunes chart. Che's ability to make Music with a meaning is his appeal as an artist, 'Black Girl Magic' was played on Beats radio by Julie Adenuga and catapulted the Rapper onto the radar of the black female community. The release of his latest project 'Charisma' in February complimented his debut headline show in Shoreditch and set him up for his appearance at this years South by South West Festival in Austin Texas. If you like Melody with your bars and content that you can relate to, get following @che_lingo now!
Check out two dope tracks below.
West London Rapper TE dness is by no means a new-comer or an upcoming rapper, however, he is very much slept in terms of new audiences despite delivering good bodies of work, with a consistent and steady work rate. In the last two years, the money motivated lyricist has dropped two mixtapes that have had a great reception within the industry, Trap Nominated in 2016 and Trapicana in 2017. TE dness brings a strong Caribbean influence to his Music and paints vivid pictures of road life scenarios as well emphasising the need to progress. With performances at Futures concert and the Sectionboyz as well as putting on his own independent headline show, the rapper is no stranger to the world of being an artist as well as a dope lyricist.
Hackney Rapper 23 Unofficial hit the scene hard with the rap banger 'Aint Bothered' last year The bar "Plug, Extension Cord" standing out and being sung by his entire fanbase everytime the track is played. The newcomer then finished 2017 with 'Can't Tell Me', which 5 months later is now on 8.5 Million views on Youtube. 23 has the new rap and vocal style that has transported the UK rap scene into Mainstream chart success and strengthened the female audience for a once greazy streets orientated genre. The clean visuals and melodic style have cemented his place in the game and with his first release of 2018, 'Day in the Life' getting an impressive reception, there's definitely a reason you should follow him.
Northampton resident, Slowthai is a rapper that may be overlooked due to being from an outer London town with no roots in UK Rap, but with 100's of thousands of views on his own Youtube channel and the same amount of plays on Soundcloud, it's clear that his hard-hitting street statements are resonating with a UK Rap audience that is in need of a new way of delivering stories from the struggle. After dropping his Debut E.P slowitdownn the lyricist featured on the P+F Sounds mixtape, compiled by photography duo, Places + Faces, in collaboration with Red Bull and collaborated with producer JD Reid before performing live at the Boy Better Know's takeover at London's O2 Arena.


Sixteen teams of innovative and entrepreneurial college students will come together on April 18 and 19 to compete in the annual Panasci Business Plan Competition hosted by the Falcone Center for Entrepreneurship at the Whitman School of Management. The students will present their plans to Syracuse business leaders in hopes of winning up to $40,000 in prizes.
On April 18, the "Sweet Sixteen" finalists will compete, and the top four teams will proceed to the finals on April 19. The business plans are a diverse collection of entrepreneurial ideas from across the SU and SUNY College of Environmental and Forestry campuses. The winning teams will be judged on creativity, innovation, feasibility, comprehensiveness and the oral presentation. Past winners have gone on to win national competitions.
The Panasci Business Plan Competition has become an icon for economic growth in Syracuse. Many past winners of the competition have gone on to open businesses in the Syracuse area, including the successful University Hill staple Funk `n' Waffles.
Students are also taking their plans and prizes nationwide. Last year's winning business plan, Logmedia, has started up in New York City. Developed by Newhouse and Whitman dual majors, Logmedia is a specialty post-production video service that logs time codes and short descriptions for film editing. The service also includes a film archiving and database system.
The Panasci competition also brings together the Syracuse business community and the SU campus. The competition will be judged by some of Syracuse's most influential and innovative business leaders, including Phil McNeill, CEO of SPP Capital Partners; John Couri, president of the Couri Foundation Inc.; and Shawn Kreloff, president of Sona Mobile.
For more information about the Panasci Business Plan competition, contact Justin Carlucci at jcarlucc@syr.edu or (315) 443-3550.


I have been working in hair salons in the SF/ Bay Area since 1987. Over the years, I haven taken a breaks from doing hair to record and tour the world, playing bass in my critically acclaimed indie rock band, Imperial Teen. As long as I can remember music and hair have been my passions. I love to take an idea and run with it, creating something new and different. My aesthetic is modern with a nod and wink to the retro. I have completed advanced training in haircolor with Aveda and Goldwell, haircutting in NYC with Bumble and Bumble and hairstyling also in NYC with Oribe Canales of Oribe. I continue to perform and record occasionally with Imperial Teen and in my free time I volunteer at FAAS animal shelter here in Alameda and go on glamping excursions with my poodles in my little vintage travel trailer.
Muttville senior dog rescue alumni and FAAS shelter calendar girl, our wonderful shop dog Pearl, is often on duty warming hearts and laps as needed.


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" All proteins, DNA and RNA can be considered as a linear sequence of their constitutive elements: amino acids or nucleotides. The RRM model interprets this linear information as a numerical series by assigning each amino acid a physical parameter representing the energy of delocalised electrons of each amino acid and then transforming this numerical series into the frequency domain using Fourier Transform."
They discovered that each specific biological function within the protein or DNA is characterized by one frequency, that all protein sequences with the common biological function have a common frequency component related to the protein biological function, and that proteins and their targets have the same characteristic frequency in common . Those protein and DNA resonances are within infra-red, visible and small portion of ultraviolet light .
" The molecular vibration patterns of structure-forming macromolecules in the living cell create very specific electromagnetic frequency patterns which might be used for information on spatial position in the three-dimensional structure as well as the chemical characteristics. Chemical change of a molecule results in a change of the vibration pattern and thus in a change of the emitted electromagnetic frequency pattern. These patterns have to be received by proteins responsible for the necessary interactions and functions. Proteins can function as resonators for frequencies in the range of 1013-1015 Hz. The individual frequency pattern is defined by the amino acid sequence and the polarity of every amino acid caused by their functional groups. If the arriving electromagnetic signal pattern and the emitted pattern of the absorbing protein are matched in relevant parts and in opposite phase, photon energy in the characteristic frequencies can be transferred resulting in a conformational change of that molecule and respectively in an increase of its specific activity."
" The oscillation of polarized structural elements such as cell membrane rafts or microtubules (12, 25-27) might be able to produce appropriate carrier frequencies able to overcome intracellular distances. The frequencies of MT oscillations have been found to be in the range from THz down to KHz (10, 11). The MT structure itself could also be the base for forwarding the IR-photons with a minimal loss of energy if they are used as waveguides. The quasi-crystalline ordered water molecules inside and outside of the charged tubular structure of the MT could promote that (see Funk, this issue)."
The theory has been corroborated by some experimental findings, for example Murugan et al.  shows that evola strains that are lethal and not lethal have different electromagnetic emissions (that also are named biophotonic emissions because of their wavelengths within the visible or near-visible light band, there is a section  dedicated to biophotons in this web), and that those emissions can be calculated very accurately (with about 10 nm of error margin) using the Resonant Recognition Model. Also it has been predicted processes involved in the interactions of Zika virus (ZIKV) with the human host suggesting the exchange of electromagnetic radiation at the frequencies of 601.8nm (yellow light) and 1203.6nm (near infrared) during ZIKV envelope protein with the AXL receptor in the human tissue . In this sense is also interesting to note a fruitful attempt to detect Hepatitis C Virus  based on electromagnetic detection of it's resonant frequency (as predicted by Cosic).
In  genes and protein related to development of breast cancer are analyzed under the scope of RRM being this capable to analyze protein biological functions/interactions and predict bioactive mutations. Also the fluctuating wavelengths of biophotonic emissions (or ultraweak photon emissions (UPE)) from stressed cancer cells can be calculated based on this theory .
" PKCζ can be viewed as a resonance system emitting/receiving infrared light 3190 nm. PKMζ is much more active at this main wavelength, and also is tuned to near infrared at 913 nm. The regulatory and hinge domains are tuned to yellow light (609 nm). At the same time, they do interact with PKMζ through infrared light 3190 nm."
" Several experimental studies have verified the predicted peak wavelength of photons within the visible or near-visible light band for specific molecules. Here, this concept has been applied to a classic signaling pathway, JAK–STAT, traditionally composed of nine sequential protein interactions. The weighted linear average of the spectral power density (SPD) profiles of each of the eight "precursor" proteins displayed remarkable congruence with the SPD profile of the terminal molecule (CASP-9) in the pathway. These results suggest that classic and complex signaling pathways in cells can also be expressed as combinations of resonance energies."
" Spectral analyses of sequences of pseudopotentials that reflect de-localized electrons of amino acids for the 11 proteins in the pathway were computed. The spectral power density of the terminal protein (cFOS) was shown to be the average of the profiles of the precursor proteins. The results demonstrated that in addition to minute successive alterations in molecular structure wave-functions and resonant patterns can also describe complex molecular signaling pathways in cells. Different pathways may be defined by a single resonance profile."
Cosic, based on her theory also proposed some therapeutic applications, for example to neutralize malaria parasite . In this website a section  is disposed dedicated to low level light therapy and experiments where light is applied to achieve different biological responses and where the mechanism by which those effects are provoked can be related in most cases to resonant effects like those predicted by the RRM, moreover there are two sections [7,8] where the listed papers specifically attribute the effects to consequences derived from RRM.
" Compared to this previous work, our contribution is twofold. First, whereas the determination of RRM-based hotspots initially requires the computation of the characteristic frequency of a family of proteins, we do not impose such a constraint. Second, rather than a purely DSP-based approach as in , – aimed at detecting local residues associated with the characteristic frequency, we combine DSP tools and mutagenesis principles."
Or the model of  that modified RRM by using the wavelet transform.
The importance of the electromagnetic resonant recognition between macromolecules in regard to an electromagnetic mind theory is that those recognition fields are another layer of the electromagnetic mind, being this more general and multi-layered.
1. Ćosić, Irena, et al. "Electromagnetic properties of biomolecules." FME Transactions 34.2 (2006): 71-80.
2. Cosic, Irena, Drasko Cosic, and Katarina Lazar. "Is it possible to predict electromagnetic resonances in proteins, DNA and RNA?." EPJ Nonlinear Biomedical Physics 3.1 (2015): 1.
3. Murugan, Nirosha J., Lukasz M. Karbowski, and Michael A. Persinger. "Cosic's Resonance Recognition Model for Protein Sequences and Photon Emission Differentiates Lethal and Non-Lethal Ebola Strains: Implications for Treatment." Open Journal of Biophysics 5.01 (2014): 35.
4. Karbowski, Lukasz M., Nirosha J. Murugan, and Michael A. Persinger. "Novel Cosic resonance (standing wave) solutions for components of the JAK–STAT cellular signaling pathway: A convergence of spectral density profiles." FEBS open bio 5.1 (2015): 245-250.
5. Cosic, Irena, JoseLuis Hernandes Caceres, and Drasko Cosic. "Possibility to interfere with malaria parasite activity using specific electromagnetic frequencies." EPJ Nonlinear Biomedical Physics 3.1 (2015): 1.
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When asking how nanotechnology will affect the life of every one of us, the answer is as full and diverse as the opportunities the new techniques will bring. For business and economies, it will be something if a new industrial revolution. For the human race as a whole, greater advancement and profound change in how we live, act and breathe can be expected.
The simplest way to consider nanotechnology is to think small. Well, to think bag in essence, but about small things. Since the coin was first termed, it has related to the manufacture of things at a molecular level. As businesses and industry across the globe really start to embrace exactly what it can do, this short article will go some way to explaining how nanotechnology will affect the life of every one of us.
It is hard to imagine just how small things can be built. In scientific terms, a nanometer equates to something which is a billionth of a meter in size. Almost infinitesimally small, and certainly not able to be seen by the human naked eye.
It is working at this level that allows small things to be built. And, working at such extreme levels opens up the opportunity to create a great many things. In the medical world and out into the wider world, the doors and possibilities that could present themselves are to all intents and purposes limitless.
In the automotive industry for example, many of the world's leading players are already putting developments in nanotechnology through its paces. As we all grasp the reality that things needs to be different to positively effect our environment, building with smaller components, lighter materials and so forth make huge inroads.
In sport, equipment can be made lighter and stronger. Allowing for advancements in everything from golf and tennis balls to protective gear, the knowledge of working at this molecular level is as big as the work is small.
In everyday life too, much of the materials being developed are going on to produce lighter and comfortable materials that can be incorporated into clothing. Allowing for great performance against the extremes of weather and, for the fashionistas, look great and offer new styles, it offers both practicality, function and pleasure.
As the world really grasps the reality that nanotechnology presents, economies will be further driven forward, In the already developed western world in countries such as the States, the UK and across Europe, benefits are already starting to be seen. But it is perhaps in the BRIC countries where the fundamental changes will occur.
A review of Frank Capra and Jimmy Stewart's festive classic "It's A Wonderful Life" written by Steve Exeter for the Online-Inquirer blog site.
Book is the best means of transmission of knowledge, Books are regarded as the only place where a fragile thought can be examined without breaking it. Books are the carriers of civilization and all that we know about the civilization that was, is through books.
I love books and have been reading since I was a little baby. My parents made sure they instilled the love of books in me. Unlike my other mates throughout school who always had problems reading, I never had such problems.
The Bible can have a huge impact for good in the life of a Christian. It is important that Christians read it and apply it to their lives.
Review of the blu-ray release of "Monty Python's Life of Brian" written for the Online-Inquirer blog site.


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