The authors are with the Office of Retirement and Disability Policy, Social Security Administration.
The Social Security Administration (SSA) administers two large payment programs. Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance (OASDI), authorized by Title II of the Social Security Act, has 49 million beneficiaries receiving monthly benefits. The Supplemental Security Income (SSI) program, authorized by Title XVI of the Act, has about 7.2 million monthly recipients.
The law recognizes that some beneficiaries are unable to manage their own benefits and allows a relative, friend, or other interested party to serve as a representative payee. Representative payment has been a part of the Social Security program since 1939. Statutory authority to appoint payees is contained in section 205(j) of the Social Security Act for OASDI, and in section 1631(a)(2)(A)(ii) for SSI. The Act authorizes SSA to determine when representative payment is in the best interest of the beneficiary and to promulgate rules by which the program operates. The agency selects payees based on information provided in a prospective payee's application.
The Social Security Protection Act of 2004 required SSA to study representative payees' performance in managing and using benefits on behalf of beneficiaries. The National Research Council (NRC) of the National Academies conducted the study for SSA. The study included a survey of representative payees and beneficiaries, performed under contract by Westat, Inc.
The Commissioner of SSA set four objectives for the NRC study: (1) assess the extent to which representative payees are not performing their duties, (2) learn whether the representative payee policies are practical and appropriate, (3) identify the types of payees most likely to misuse benefits, and (4) find ways to reduce misuse and to protect beneficiaries.
As is evident from these objectives, the concern that led to and shaped the study was with misuse of benefits and how this can be detected and prevented. Accordingly, the majority of the NRC report centers on misuse and evaluates current program policies and practices. Although the report found that the majority of payees performed their duties well, there were a number of recommendations to prevent misuse and to improve payee selection. The full report is available online at http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=11992#toc.
After the NRC report was released, the Commissioner directed relevant agency components to pursue additional research based on the survey data produced for the study. This note represents part of that effort.
What are the characteristics of payees? Specifically, are there differences in the characteristics between representative payees of SSI-only recipients, OASDI-only beneficiaries, and concurrent recipients?
Do payees think they are meeting their beneficiaries' needs? Do payees' views differ according to program type, income, years of service, and potential misuse indicators?
What are the characteristics of payees who do not think their beneficiaries' needs are met?
How favorably do payees regard their service?
In December 2007, 9.7 percent of OASDI beneficiaries, 44.6 percent of SSI recipients, and 22.9 percent of those receiving both had their benefits managed by representative payees, either individual or organizational (Table 1). SSA regulations require representative payees for nearly all minor beneficiaries, all adult beneficiaries who have been ruled incompetent, and beneficiaries who, while not legally incompetent, nevertheless have a mental or physical condition that prevents them from managing (or directing the management) of their funds. If such a condition is suspected, the field office must develop legal, medical, or other evidence that suggests lack of capability.
SOURCE: OASDI-only data are from the Master Beneficiary Record 100 percent file; other data are from the Supplemental Security Record 100 percent file. Based on tables prepared by Social Security Administration, Office of Policy, Office of Research, Evaluation, and Statistics, Division of SSI Statistics and Analysis.
NOTES: OASDI = Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance; SSI = Supplemental Security Income; -- = not available.
Notify SSA of any change in circumstances that could affect performance of the payee's duties.
According to the Social Security Act, "… misuse of benefits by a representative payee occurs in any case in which the representative payee receives payment under this title for the use and benefit of another person and converts such payment, or any part thereof, to a use other than for the use and benefit of such other person."2 An example of misuse would be the payee using funds for his or her own benefit or the benefit of a family member other than the beneficiary. Representative payees are required to submit a report to SSA annually. If the information in the report is appropriate, there is usually no follow-up unless there is another indicator of misuse such as a complaint from the beneficiary or a third party.
We use data from the NRC study, which addressed how payments being made to representative payees were being used (NRC 2007). The data include interviews, performed under contract by Westat, of about 5,000 representative payees and 2,500 beneficiaries for whom they manage benefits.3 The results of these interviews are contained in a database that is available for study by SSA researchers.
It should be noted that the data are self-reported and may include biases, especially when respondents are asked subjective questions about the perceived needs of their beneficiary. However, subjective responses provide a glimpse of the attitudes toward their roles as representative payees.
Payee does not live with beneficiary.
Payee is under 50 years of age.
Payee has sources of income other than employment.
Payee receives either OASDI or SSI income or both.
Payee is a convicted felon.
Payee has served time in prison.
Payee's mailing and residence addresses differ.
Payee has had three or more address changes in the last two years.
Payee does not have a phone number in the administrative records.
Payee has been terminated two times or more.
Payee serves for four or more beneficiaries.
NRC attempted to validate these characteristics by conducting an in-depth study of a sample of payees with these characteristics. NRC suggests using these characteristics to detect cases of misuse.4 We were able to identify all the potential misuse indicators from the survey data except indicator 15, involving payee and beneficiary living in different zip codes. We include these variables in our tabulations to assist researchers. In addition to reporting the percentage of individual representative payees exhibiting each of the 14 identifiable potential misuse indicators, we report the average number of misuse indicators that apply to each representative payee.
This note presents representative payee demographic profiles and their views on the services they provide to beneficiaries. Statistics are shown by beneficiary program type (SSI only, OASDI only, and concurrent), years of service as a representative payee, the representative payee's income, and the presence of potential misuse indicators.
What are the Characteristics of Representative Payees?
Table 3 presents statistics on representative payee personal characteristics, living arrangement, income, years of service, social problems, and potential misuse characteristics, all shown by beneficiary program.6 In general, SSI and OASDI representative payees have quite different characteristics.
The majority of payees are female, white, and younger than age 50. An examination by program type shows that payees of SSI recipients tend to be younger and are more likely to be minority or female than payees of OASDI beneficiaries. Most payees are the beneficiary's parent or some other relative. Thus, it is not surprising that most payees live with their beneficiary. Only two-thirds of the payees of concurrent beneficiaries live with the beneficiary, compared with over 80 percent of SSI- and OASDI-only payees.
There are differences in years of service as well. Over 27 percent of SSI payees have been serving for 10 or more years compared with less than 18 percent of OASDI payees. Payees for concurrent beneficiaries have the most experience, with 45 percent serving for 10 or more years.
On the whole, payees tend to have low annual incomes. Over half have annual incomes of $15,000 or less. OASDI representative payees have higher incomes when compared with SSI and concurrent payees. Over 65 percent of SSI payees have annual incomes of $15,000 or less, compared with 50 percent of OASDI payees.7 Less than half of payees have earnings; the proportion is especially low among the concurrent payees (36 percent).
Regarding government assistance, many payees who serve OASDI beneficiaries receive OASDI benefits themselves. Over 40 percent of OASDI payees receive OASDI benefits, while only 16 percent of SSI payees also receive SSI payments. OASDI payees are more likely than SSI payees to receive a private or government pension or a veteran's benefit, but SSI payees are more likely than OASDI payees to have received Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) or other program assistance.
Although the percentage differences are small, twice as many SSI representative payees report being addicted to drugs or alcohol (2.3 percent versus 1.1 percent), and they are also more likely than OASDI payees to have had significant involvement with the criminal justice system (5.8 percent versus 3.2 percent). Almost all payees have at least one of the NRC potential misuse indicators. Payees exhibited just over three of these characteristics on average, regardless of program type.
The most common of the potential misuse indicators is serving four or more beneficiaries (78 percent); in addition, many payees are under age 50 (58 percent). The least common indicators are having three or more address changes in the last 2 years (2 percent), having served time in prison (2.5 percent), being a convicted felon (3.4 percent), and being a nonrelative (3.6 percent). SSI payees tend to exhibit potential misuse characteristics more often than OASDI payees.
Do Representative Payees Think They are Meeting the Needs of Their Beneficiary?
Of interest is whether payees think they successfully perform their role by meeting the needs of the beneficiary. Success is measured in their own accounts of whether the beneficiary's needs are met. Although success may not be entirely within the payee's control (for example, the beneficiary may be difficult to care for, or the available funds may be inadequate), their reports indicate whether payees think they are fulfilling the programmatic intent of their role.
Payees were asked two sets of questions regarding their ability to meet the needs of their beneficiary. The first set addressed whether the beneficiary had ever gone without one of six necessary items (housing, utilities, food, clothing, medical services, or medication). The second set asked how well the payee believed the beneficiary's needs were being fulfilled in each of four basic areas of need (housing, food, clothing, or medical services). The first set of questions measures the payee's perception of absolute gaps in needed support, and the second set allows the payees to indicate if they felt the beneficiary received less support than was needed, but still received some level of support.
Almost all payees report that their beneficiary never went without housing, utilities, food, clothing, medical services, or medication (Table 4). However, almost 12 percent of representative payees think their beneficiary is not receiving all the housing, food, clothing, or medical support he or she needs. Although less than 1 percent of representative payees report their beneficiary has gone without clothing, food, or housing, and less than 3 percent report going without medical services, 7.6 percent feel they were not able to fully meet the beneficiary's clothing needs, 6.3 percent feel they were not able to fully meet the beneficiary's medical needs, 5.4 percent feel they were not able to fully meet the beneficiary's housing needs, and 4.3 percent feel they were not able to fully meet the beneficiary's food needs.
Program Type. There are small differences by program type for those who reported that their beneficiary went without at least one specific need. Table 4 shows that 6.5 percent of SSI payees report that their beneficiary went without one or more of the measured needs, compared with 4.8 percent of OASDI payees. However, when we consider the more subjective measure of whether all of the needs of a given type were fulfilled, more SSI payees reported an unmet need than did OASDI payees (13.8 percent versus 9.5 percent, respectively). Concurrent payees' responses are more closely in line with SSI payees (14.9 percent).
Income and Years of Service. Although the reported ability to meet their beneficiaries' needs is generally similar for SSI and OASDI payees, self-assessed ability to perform their role may differ across other payee characteristics. For instance, income and years of service may both influence payee ability to meet beneficiary needs (or to help beneficiaries meet their own needs). Higher-income payees may be better able to supplement the beneficiary's funds with their own money (that is, non-SSI and non-OASDI money) to support the beneficiary. One might also expect more experienced payees to view themselves as better able to provide for the beneficiary.
Table 5 reports perceived ability to meet the beneficiary's needs, broken down by payee income. The proportion reporting that their beneficiary has always had all needs met generally increases with income. Similar patterns hold for most of the specific need types as well. The percentage of payees reporting a need was not completely met generally declines as income increases, too. Eighty-five percent of payees with annual incomes of $5,000 or less report all needs were met compared with 96 percent of those with annual incomes of more than $100,000.
Table 6 does not indicate a clear relationship between years of service and payees reporting that the beneficiary either went without specific support types or needed more supports than were received. Any learning curve may not be evident in the data because the years-of-service measure possibly masks how long an individual has actually been caring for the beneficiary. For example, parents have probably been taking care of their children longer than they have been acting as a payee simply because many of the beneficiaries did not start receiving SSI or OASDI at birth.
Potential Misuse Characteristics. The NRC study's focus on misuse suggests that payees exhibiting the identified misuse characteristics may be less able to meet the requirements of a payee. Table 7 shows how representative payees think they are meeting the needs of their beneficiaries, broken down for each of the identifiable misuse characteristics.
Among all representative payees, 94.2 percent indicated their beneficiary had never gone without a specific need. Payees in most of the potential misuse indicator categories were less likely to report that all the beneficiary's needs were met than representative payees as a whole. Two characteristics are associated with less than 90 percent of representative payees reporting all their beneficiary's needs were met: the payee is not a relative (88.7 percent) and the payee has served time in prison (88.9 percent). As in Tables 4–6, medical care (medical services or medication) was the main support type payees reported the beneficiary not receiving.
Turning to perceptions of whether beneficiaries' needs were completely met, payees with each of the potential misuse characteristics follow the general pattern of representative payees overall. For all of the potential misuse characteristics, between 85 and 92 percent of the payees believe all the needs have been fully met. Payees who have served time in prison, received TANF payments, and, particularly, have had three or more address changes in the last 2 years report lower levels of being able to meet all the needs of their beneficiary.
What Are the Characteristics of Payees Whose Beneficiaries Have Unmet Needs?
Table 8 presents the characteristics of payees by whether they considered themselves able to meet all the needs of their beneficiaries, according to the two sets of questions described above under "Do representative payees think they are meeting the needs of their beneficiary?" The patterns are similar for both measures of need.
The proportions of payees who are male, white, and live with the beneficiary are higher among payees reporting no unmet needs than among those who do report unmet needs. Those reporting no unmet needs are also more likely to have been payees for shorter periods, have higher incomes, and represent an OASDI beneficiary. Payees who are TANF and SSI recipients are less likely to report all beneficiary needs are met; and those receiving assistance from other sources are more likely to report any, and especially more than one, unmet beneficiary needs. Among payees with a substance addiction or a conviction, a higher percentage report at least one unmet need than report all beneficiary needs are met.
Most payees are satisfied with their ability to help their beneficiary (Table 9). Eighty-two percent of payees are "very satisfied" and 14.5 percent are "somewhat satisfied." SSI payees are the most likely to be "very satisfied," but when "somewhat satisfied" is included, close to 97 percent of payees in all three groups report satisfaction.
Overall, the most common concerns involve the responsibility and the requirements of being a payee. These concerns are greatest for concurrent payees. However, less than 3 percent of all payees have concerns (not reported).
As with the ability to help their beneficiary, most payees are satisfied with their ability to understand their beneficiary's needs. Fewer SSI payees report being "very satisfied" but as before, when "somewhat satisfied" is included, all three groups report similar levels of satisfaction.
The ability to meet the beneficiary's need may be influenced by the payee's income, as suggested above. We find an unexpected, slightly inverse relationship between satisfaction in the ability to help the beneficiary and income level (Table 10). The poorest payees are the most likely to feel "very satisfied" in their ability to help the beneficiary while the higher income payees are the least likely to report being "very satisfied." Those with highest income (over $100,000 per year) are also the most likely to have all types of concerns (except "relationship" concerns) and the least likely to be "very satisfied" in their understanding of the beneficiary's needs. It should be recalled that these are subjective measures which may reflect the representative payees' own perceptions about what is required.
These survey data provide us with much information that is not available from SSA administrative records. They help us to understand the characteristics of individuals serving as payees for SSA's beneficiaries and to identify their perceived needs. With additional analysis and information, these data may be useful in developing and evaluating criteria for payee selection, as well as in providing continued support for representative payees.
1 Organizational payees typically represent beneficiaries who have no family or friend available to represent them in this role. SSA recruits organizations that already provide some case management services, spiritual guidance, or community assistance.
2 Social Security Act, Section 205(j)(9) and Section 1631(a)(2)(A)(iv).
3 Appendix A of the NRC report includes the survey methodology.
4 SSA's Office of Inspector General (OIG) is studying the effectiveness of using a subset of the NRC-identified indicators of misuse, with some variations, as follows: the payee serves between 4 and 14 beneficiaries; at least one beneficiary is not a family relative of the payee; the payee has self-employment income; the payee has no earnings from employment (that is, wages); the payee is under age 50 and has annual earnings of less than $10,000; and the payee is a convicted felon or has served time in prison. The OIG study will audit the performance of a sample of payees having at least three of these characteristics.
5 All statistics use the survey weights provided by Westat. No changes were made to the weights to adjust for missing variables; the weighted statistics represent the population with no missing variables. The exclusion of observations with missing data may have an impact on the findings. Standard errors are available upon request.
6 Even though a representative payee may have more than one beneficiary, only the program of the beneficiary who is matched to the representative payee in the survey is used in this note. It is worth noting that the vast majority of representative payees are responsible for a single beneficiary.
7 Only individual income is reported in the survey. This may mask larger representative payee household incomes.
National Research Council. 2007. Improving the Social Security representative payee program. Washington, DC: National Academies Press.
NOTES: OASDI = Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance; SSI = Supplemental Security Income; AFDC = Aid to Families with Dependent Children; TANF = Temporary Assistance for Needy Families; VA = Veterans' Administration; RP = representative payee.
a. Determined by RP response to the question "Has the beneficiary ever been without X?"
b. Determined by RP responses to the question "Do you feel that all, most, some, or none of the beneficiary's needs were met in the following areas?"
c. Determined by RP response to the question "How satisfied or dissatisfied are you with your ability to help the beneficiary as his/her representative payee? Would you say…X?"
d. Determined by RP response to the question "Why were you reluctant to serve as beneficiary's representative payee? Were you concerned about X?"
e. Determined by RP response to the question "How satisfied or dissatisfied are you with your ability to understand the beneficiary's needs? Would you say…X?"
SOURCE: Authors' calculations based on Westat survey of representative payees (NRC 2007).
NOTES: Statistics are based on the weighted population with no missing variables. See text for more details. Standard errors are available upon request.
SSI = Supplemental Security Income; OASDI = Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance; AFDC = Aid to Families with Dependent Children; TANF = Temporary Assistance for Needy Families; VA = Veterans' Administration.
a. Categories are not mutually exclusive.
SOURCE: Authors' calculations based on Westat survey of representative payees and beneficiaries (NRC 2007).
SSI = Supplemental Security Income; OASDI = Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance.
TANF = Temporary Assistance for Needy Families; OASDI = Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance; SSI = Supplemental Security Income.
OASDI = Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance; SSI = Supplemental Security Income; AFDC = Aid to Families with Dependent Children; TANF = Temporary Assistance for Needy Families; VA = Veterans' Administration.


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by Staff	 January 15, 2020
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The UFC consists of the very best MMA fighters in the world, but there are still a few guys out there the promotion needs to grab. Here are five MMA fighters the UFC needs to add to its roster:
5. Jussier Da Silva
With the UFC's decision to add a flyweight division, signing Silva seems to be the next logical move. With a professional record of 12-1, Silva is definitely one of the top flyweights in the world, and we all know the UFC is where the best MMA fighters belong.
4. Eddie Alvarez
Alvarez got caught in his last fight against Michael Chandler, but I still feel he's one of the best lightweights around. Unfortunately for Alvarez, his loss to Chandler diminished his chances of getting into the UFC this year.
3. Daniel Cormier
With UFC number one contender Alistair Overeem out of the Strikeforce heavyweight picture, I personally think Cormier is the toughest fighter left in the division. Cormier remains undefeated in his MMA career, and his first round destruction of Antonio Silva clearly indicates he's ready for a bump in competition. Zuffa plans to cancel the Strikeforce heavyweight division after the Grand Prix (while giving some fighters the opportunity to fight in the UFC), and I'm sure Cormier will be one of the first guys they sign.
2. Hector Lombard
Lombard has been on a tear since 2006, smashing his way to the Bellator middleweight title. Yes, Lombard's opponents haven't been the top guys in the business, but critics said the same thing about Overeem. I'm pretty sure Lombard can hang with the UFC's top middleweights and it's about time he starts fighting the very best in the division.
1. Gilbert Melendez
With a record of 22-2, the current Strikeforce lightweight champion certainly deserves a UFC contract. Melendez is good enough to compete with the very best lightweights in the UFC, and I'd love to see him face the winner of the Frankie Edgar vs. Ben Henderson matchup later in the year.
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After going 1-1 in the UFC's featherweight class, Florian is back in the lightweight division, and he plans to keep fighting the best guys out there.
I caught up with Florian earlier today, and he had a few things to say about his past and future in the sport.
David: What exactly made you decide to give MMA a try?
Kenny: It was just a drive to compete, I just wanted to compete and test myself.
David: What's a typical day of training like for you?
Kenny: I vary my training on the different aspects that I do. It's always two or three times a day, working on everything from strength and conditioning to the technical aspects of Mixed Martial Arts.
David: How long do you plan to continue fighting?
Kenny: I don't know, we'll see, I'm not sure.
David: Do you have anyone in particular you want to fight next?
Kenny: No, I never pick my opponents; I just want to fight whoever the best guy is, that's it. I like to fight.
David: Ever since you moved back to the lightweight division, some have talked about possibly fighting for the Strikeforce title. Is that something you would consider?
Kenny: Yeah, right now I'm just focusing on getting healthy and recovering from some injuries. I'm down for whatever, we'll see.
David: Who's the toughest guy you've ever faced?
Kenny: The toughest guy? Probably BJ Penn
David: What do you think you'll be doing ten years from now?
Kenny: I'm sure commentary, running my gym and doing things like that, still being around the sport, still being a part of the sport.
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Even though Pacquiao has stated that he wants to fight Mayweather, he hasn't been vocal enough with his promoter. With boxing fans slowly starting to turn against him, Pacquiao now insists Mayweather is his number one priority.
"I am meeting with my promoter, Bob Arum on Tuesday," Pacquiao said in an interview with Philboxing.com. "I will insist that the fight with Mayweather be given the preference than the four others in the list I will fight next. It's not really fair for some quarters to blame me if, in the long run, the fight wouldn't push through. When Arum sits in the negotiation table, he will be laying on the table all the conditions we want, which, everybody knew already are simple. That I will abide by his demand for drug testing. I am even agreeable to get lesser purse just so the fight would push through. In other words, as far as my side is concerned, there will be no problem. We know, too, that Mayweather has no promoter. He negotiates by himself. So if the fight won't be realized, it's no longer because of me."
While it's good Pacquiao has restated his intentions to fight Mayweather, he seems to be leaving a window to back out of the fight. Implying negotiations might not work out, simply because Mayweather negotiates for himself, is simply inaccurate.
Mayweather is as business savvy as it gets in boxing (second only to Oscar De La Hoya), and his main issue with Pacquiao has been the Filipino boxer's refusal to take random pre-fight blood tests.
I'm pretty sure Mayweather would sign a contract to fight Pacquiao with a 50/50 split, and he certainly wouldn't mind getting a bigger cut. If Pacquiao sticks to his word and forces Arum to negotiate for the fight, boxing fans should be in for a historic night on May 5.
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Both men went back-and-forth early in the fight, but it was Rockhold that landed the first telling blow, sending Jardine to the ground with a right hand, and finishing with a barrage of punches.
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Amagov looked good early in the fight, but an illegal knee brought the action to a halt. Referee Steve Mazzagatti deducted a point from Adlan for the illegal blow, and Lawler wasted no time when the fight was restarted, charging Amagov with a flying knee that sent him to the canvas and following up with some solid ground-and-pound.
Muhammed Lawal defeats Lorenz Larkin
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Tyron Woodley defeats Jordan Mein
Woodley dominated the fight with his wrestling, taking Mein down at will and keeping him there. Mein did a decent job of throwing strikes from the bottom, but it wasn't enough to convince the judges. It wasn't the most entertaining fight in the world, but Woodley improved his MMA record to 10-0, walking away with the split decision.
Tarec Saffiedine defeats Tyler Stinson
Saffiedine looked like the better striker early in the bout, but a Stinson elbow changed things rather quickly. Saffiedine never really recovered from the blow, allowing Stinson to take control of the fight. Tarec turned things around in the second round, taking the fight to the ground and keeping it there. Saffiedine went back to his wrestling in the third round, earning himself the split decision.
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Mayweather is now expected to begin his sentence in June, leaving the sports' pound-for-pound best available for the highly anticipated super-fight against Manny Pacquiao in May.
When Mayweather was sentenced to jail as part of a plea deal in his ongoing legal troubles, many boxing fans ruled out the possibility of the super-fight taking place in May. According to the earlier schedule, Mayweather could have been incarcerated until April, giving him only a month to train for a May 5 fight.
With Mayweather's jail sentence postponed, it will be interesting to see if the highly anticipated super-fight against Pacquiao takes place in May. When the boxing world thought Mayweather would be going to jail in January, Arum talked about getting Manny a fight in May, and possibly negotiating for a fight against Floyd sometime in November. When Arum heard Mayweather's jail sentence had been postponed, he started singing a different song.
"I have no idea about that right now," Arum told boxingscene.com. "I still have to talk to Manny. I was due to talk to him next week. That hasn't changed. Right now, we have no idea if he can go in May. He's supposed to have his cut examined. I'm going over to speak with him regarding his future, and we can go from there… I have no reaction whatsoever, the judge decided what was decided today and I really have no reaction to that."
At this point, boxing fans are getting tired of Arum's antics, and it's up to Pacquiao to step up to the plate and accept the challenge. The Pacquiao camp has accused Mayweather of ducking over the years, but with everything seemingly in place for the super-fight to happen, it's Manny's camp that throwing out the excuses.
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Former UFC lightweight/welterweight champion BJ Penn surprised many MMA fans, when he lashed out at title contender Nick Diaz via Tweeter.
"@nickdiaz209 Look how much bigger you are in this pic," Penn tweeted. "I thought you were gonna scrap from the beginning homie? What was that coward fence holding strategy to tire out the smaller man? Street fighter my ass! I made you fight like glass jaw @jonfitchdotnet poser! I'll be ready for that weak bs next time we fight!"
Penn announced his retirement from MMA shortly after his UFC 137 bout against Diaz, but his tweet makes it clear he still wants to step inside the Octagon. Diaz turned out to be the better fighter at UFC 137, dominating the second and third rounds of the fight.
Penn did take the first round of the bout, establishing himself as the better boxer. Unfortunately for BJ, his cardio failed him once again (something that has happened too many times in his MMA career), and he wasn't able to keep up with Diaz in the later rounds.
If Penn had the cardio to go three rounds, the outcome of his UFC 137 encounter against Nick Diaz would probably have been different.
I'm definitely not buying the excuse that Diaz's clinch work was what tired Penn out, as he would have gassed out regardless of his opponents strategy.
A rematch between the two certainly has potential, given the fact the first one turned out to be quite entertaining. Regardless of the outcome of their UFC 137 fight, if Penn shows up in shape for a rematch, he's definitely good enough to defeat Diaz.
Penn will have to wait a while though, if he truly wants a rematch against Nick. Diaz is currently scheduled to face Carlos Condit at UFC 143 for the interim welterweight title, and the winner of that contest will have to face current champion Georges St. Pierre later on in the year.
Adrien Broner Stops Vicente Escobedo In The Fifth Round
Ryan Bader Braces For UFC On FOX 4 Fight Against Lyoto Machida
Canelo Saul Alvarez Wants Floyd Mayweather After Josesito Lopez
Strikeforce Rockhold Vs. Jardine Predictions
Strikeforce: Rockhold vs. Jardine will take place on Jan. 7, at the Hard Rock Hotel and Casino in Las Vegas, NV. Here are my predictions for the Strikeforce: Rockhold vs. Jardine …
Strikeforce: Rockhold vs. Jardine will take place on Jan. 7, at the Hard Rock Hotel and Casino in Las Vegas, NV. Here are my predictions for the Strikeforce: Rockhold vs. Jardine fight card:
Luke Rockhold versus Keith Jardine
Rockhold surprised many with his impressive performance against Ronaldo Souza, displaying solid striking and anti-jujitsu skills. After enduring a five fight losing streak, Jardine has turned his MMA career around, winning two straight fights and securing a draw against Gegard Mousasi. Jardine now has the golden opportunity – even though he didn't earn the title shot – to become the Strikeforce middleweight champion in his debut at 185. Jardine is clearly the more experienced MMA fighter, and I think he'll be a tough matchup for Rockhold. Jardine wins by TKO.
Robbie Lawler versus Adlan Amagov
Lawler is currently on a two fight losing streak, but he should be able to turn things around against Amagov. Amagov hasn't faced the caliber of MMA fighters Lawler has, and I don't think he'll be able to take too many of Robbie's punches. Lawler wins by KO.
Muhammed Lawal versus Lorenz Larkin
Larkin will probably suffer his first loss in MMA, when he faces "King Mo" at Strikeforce: Rockhold vs. Jardine. Lawal should be able to outwrestle Larkin and walk away with the decision.
Tyron Woodley versus Jordan Mein
Woodley looked good in his last performance against Paul Daley, and I expect another solid performance from the 29 year old when he faces Mein. Jordan is the more experienced MMA fighter, but Woodley should be up to the task. Woodley wins via decision.
Tarec Saffiedine versus Tyler Stinson
Stinson likes to stand and bang, and that will probably be his downfall against Saffiedine. As long as Saffiedine doesn't get carried away, he should be able to walk away with the decision.
Nah-Shon Burrell defeats James Terry
Trevor Smith defeats Gian Villante
Alonzo Martinez defeats Estevan Payan
Ricky Legere Jr. defeats Christopher Spang
Strikeforce Rockhold Vs Kennedy Predictions
Amir Khan Wants Floyd Mayweather After Danny Garcia
Overconfidence Costs Amir Khan Once Again

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Open and bright split level with sub basement boasts loads of living AND storage space. Updated kitchen with ample table room, separate dining, remodeled bathrooms and lower family room with cozy fireplace. Extra room off garage can be used as an office, workshop, or for storage. Freshly painted. Close to park with pond and path.


The new release 9 of Eureka Virtual Machining will be on display at IMTS. Eureka Virtual Machining, developed by Roboris, is an innovative application for simulating CNC machine tools and programming robots through CAD/CAM.
New program editor, now including syntax styling in multiple colors, customizable by the user.
Improved Stock/Design Compare tool: It is now possible to classify the results based on the excess or residual material volume.
New PDF report, highly customizable by the user.
Real time measurement of the interference between the tool cutting edge and the finished part.
Floating modules management: The optional modules can now float independently of the main license.
Eureka Batch: Utility for automatic testing and simulation sequences, without user intervention.
Enhanced Eureka Private Cloud: Multiple Eureka servers are now allowed on the same network, with automatic scheduling of the simulation jobs based on workloads and/or custom criteria.
Enhanced Eureka Additive: Improved additive technologies like laser metal deposition (LMD), wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) and fused deposition modeling (FDM), with 3- and 5-axis slicers.
More efficient toolpath optimization and cutting conditions control: The cutting condition parameters are acquired in real time during the simulation, but the optimization parameters can be set afterwards, producing immediate results. That allows for multiple optimization parameters to be tested without any need of re-running the simulation.
Eureka Laser Scanning: Laser scanning process simulation in order to detect undesirable overlapping and/or shaded areas.
Eureka Reviewer: Interactive reviewing functionalities, similar to the ones in Eureka Viewer, integrated into the Eureka G-code session.
Eureka Visual PostProcessor for programming CNC machines.
Eureka Cycloidal Cutting: Simulation of cycloidal cutting, used in gear fabrication.


While following the directions to get jekyll up and running on Windows 10 I installed Ubuntu for Windows and I have to say I am pretty impressed with the result. It took about an hour or so to following all of the instructions but atter that I can us all of the Linux commands I want but using bash <command> for example to list the files I can type this into the command line bash ls -ila.
This is my blog about programming.


text:
#include "base/os.h"
#include <cmn/agent_cmn.h>
#include <init/agent_init.h>
#include <pkt/pkt_handler.h>
#include <oper/route_common.h>
#include <services/icmpv6_proto.h>

Icmpv6Proto::Icmpv6Proto(Agent *agent, boost::asio::io_service &io) :
    Proto(agent, "Agent::Services", PktHandler::ICMPV6, io) {
    // limit the number of entries in the workqueue
    work_queue_.SetSize(agent->params()->services_queue_limit());
    work_queue_.SetBounded(true);

    vn_table_listener_id_ = agent->vn_table()->Register(
                             boost::bind(&Icmpv6Proto::VnNotify, this, _2));
    vrf_table_listener_id_ = agent->vrf_table()->Register(
                             boost::bind(&Icmpv6Proto::VrfNotify, this, _1, _2));
    interface_listener_id_ = agent->interface_table()->Register(
                             boost::bind(&Icmpv6Proto::InterfaceNotify,
                                         this, _2));

    boost::shared_ptr<PktInfo> pkt_info(new PktInfo(PktHandler::ICMPV6, NULL));
    icmpv6_handler_.reset(new Icmpv6Handler(agent, pkt_info, io));

    timer_ = TimerManager::CreateTimer(io, "Icmpv6Timer",
             TaskScheduler::GetInstance()->GetTaskId("Agent::Services"),
             PktHandler::ICMPV6);
    timer_->Start(kRouterAdvertTimeout,
                  boost::bind(&Icmpv6Handler::RouterAdvertisement,
                              icmpv6_handler_.get(), this));
}

Icmpv6Proto::~Icmpv6Proto() {
}

void Icmpv6Proto::Shutdown() {
    agent_->vn_table()->Unregister(vn_table_listener_id_);
    agent_->vrf_table()->Unregister(vrf_table_listener_id_);
    agent_->interface_table()->Unregister(interface_listener_id_);
    timer_->Cancel();
    TimerManager::DeleteTimer(timer_);
}

ProtoHandler *Icmpv6Proto::AllocProtoHandler(boost::shared_ptr<PktInfo> info,
                                             boost::asio::io_service &io) {
    return new Icmpv6Handler(agent(), info, io);
}

Icmpv6VrfState *Icmpv6Proto::CreateAndSetVrfState(VrfEntry *vrf) {
    Icmpv6VrfState *state = new Icmpv6VrfState(agent_, this, vrf,
                                               vrf->GetInet6UnicastRouteTable(),
                                               vrf->GetEvpnRouteTable());
    state->set_route_table_listener_id(vrf->GetInet6UnicastRouteTable()->
        Register(boost::bind(&Icmpv6VrfState::RouteUpdate, state, _1, _2)));
    state->set_evpn_route_table_listener_id(vrf->GetEvpnRouteTable()->
        Register(boost::bind(&Icmpv6VrfState::EvpnRouteUpdate, state,  _1, _2)));
    vrf->SetState(vrf->get_table_partition()->parent(),
                  vrf_table_listener_id_, state);
    return state;
}

void Icmpv6Proto::VnNotify(DBEntryBase *entry) {
    if (entry->IsDeleted()) return;

    VnEntry *vn = static_cast<VnEntry *>(entry);
    VrfEntry *vrf = vn->GetVrf();
    if (!vrf || vrf->IsDeleted()) return;

    if (vrf->GetName() == agent_->fabric_vrf_name())
        return;

    if (vn->layer3_forwarding()) {
        Icmpv6VrfState *state = static_cast<Icmpv6VrfState *>(vrf->GetState(
                             vrf->get_table_partition()->parent(),
                             vrf_table_listener_id_));
        if (state == NULL) {
            state = CreateAndSetVrfState(vrf);
        }
        if (state->default_routes_added()) {
            return;
        }

        boost::system::error_code ec;
        Ip6Address addr = Ip6Address::from_string(IPV6_ALL_ROUTERS_ADDRESS, ec);
        static_cast<InetUnicastAgentRouteTable *>
            (vrf->GetInet6UnicastRouteTable())->AddHostRoute(vrf->GetName(),
                                                             addr, 128,
                                                             vn->GetName(), false);
        addr = Ip6Address::from_string(IPV6_ALL_NODES_ADDRESS, ec);
        static_cast<InetUnicastAgentRouteTable *>
            (vrf->GetInet6UnicastRouteTable())->AddHostRoute(vrf->GetName(),
                                                             addr, 128,
                                                             vn->GetName(), false);
        /* We need route for PKT0_LINKLOCAL_ADDRESS so that vrouter can respond
         * to NDP requests for PKT0_LINKLOCAL_ADDRESS. Even though the nexthop
         * for this route is pkt0, vrouter never sends pkts pointing to this
         * route on pkt0.
         */
        addr = Ip6Address::from_string(PKT0_LINKLOCAL_ADDRESS, ec);
        static_cast<InetUnicastAgentRouteTable *>
            (vrf->GetInet6UnicastRouteTable())->AddHostRoute(vrf->GetName(),
                                                             addr, 128,
                                                             vn->GetName(), false);
        state->set_default_routes_added(true);
    }
}

void Icmpv6Proto::VrfNotify(DBTablePartBase *part, DBEntryBase *entry) {
    VrfEntry *vrf = static_cast<VrfEntry *>(entry);
    if (vrf->GetName() == agent_->fabric_vrf_name())
        return;

    Icmpv6VrfState *state = static_cast<Icmpv6VrfState *>(vrf->GetState(
                             vrf->get_table_partition()->parent(),
                             vrf_table_listener_id_));
    if (entry->IsDeleted()) {
        if (state) {
            boost::system::error_code ec;
            Ip6Address addr =
                Ip6Address::from_string(IPV6_ALL_ROUTERS_ADDRESS, ec);
            // enqueue delete request on fabric VRF
            agent_->fabric_inet4_unicast_table()->DeleteReq(
                    agent_->local_peer(), vrf->GetName(), addr, 128, NULL);
            addr = Ip6Address::from_string(IPV6_ALL_NODES_ADDRESS, ec);
            agent_->fabric_inet4_unicast_table()->DeleteReq(
                    agent_->local_peer(), vrf->GetName(), addr, 128, NULL);
            addr = Ip6Address::from_string(PKT0_LINKLOCAL_ADDRESS, ec);
            agent_->fabric_inet4_unicast_table()->DeleteReq(
                    agent_->local_peer(), vrf->GetName(), addr, 128, NULL);
            state->set_default_routes_added(false);
            state->Delete();
        }
        return;
    }
    if (!state) {
        CreateAndSetVrfState(vrf);
    }
}

void Icmpv6Proto::InterfaceNotify(DBEntryBase *entry) {
    Interface *interface = static_cast<Interface *>(entry);
    if (interface->type() != Interface::VM_INTERFACE)
        return;

    Icmpv6Stats stats;
    VmInterface *vm_interface = static_cast<VmInterface *>(entry);
    VmInterfaceMap::iterator it = vm_interfaces_.find(vm_interface);
    if (interface->IsDeleted()) {
        if (it != vm_interfaces_.end()) {
            vm_interfaces_.erase(it);
        }
    } else {
        if (it == vm_interfaces_.end()) {
            vm_interfaces_.insert(VmInterfacePair(vm_interface, stats));
        }
    }
}

bool Icmpv6Proto::ValidateAndClearVrfState(VrfEntry *vrf,
                                           Icmpv6VrfState *vrf_state) {
    if (!vrf->IsDeleted()) {
        return false;
    }

    if (vrf_state->l3_walk_completed() == false) {
        return false;
    }

    if (vrf_state->evpn_walk_completed() == false) {
        return false;
    }

    if (vrf_state->managed_delete_walk_ref().get() != NULL ||
        vrf_state->evpn_walk_ref().get() != NULL) {
        return false;
    }

    DBState *state = static_cast<DBState *>
        (vrf->GetState(vrf->get_table_partition()->parent(),
                       vrf_table_listener_id_));
    if (state) {
        vrf->ClearState(vrf->get_table_partition()->parent(),
                        vrf_table_listener_id_);
    }
    return true;
}

void Icmpv6VrfState::RouteUpdate(DBTablePartBase *part, DBEntryBase *entry) {
    InetUnicastRouteEntry *route = static_cast<InetUnicastRouteEntry *>(entry);

    Icmpv6RouteState *state = static_cast<Icmpv6RouteState *>
        (entry->GetState(part->parent(), route_table_listener_id_));

    if (entry->IsDeleted() || deleted_) {
        if (state) {
            entry->ClearState(part->parent(), route_table_listener_id_);
            delete state;
        }
        return;
    }

    if (!state) {
        state = new Icmpv6RouteState(this, route->vrf_id(), route->addr(),
                                     route->plen());
        entry->SetState(part->parent(), route_table_listener_id_, state);
    }

    //Check if there is a local VM path, if yes send a
    //Neighbor Solicit request, to trigger route preference state machine
    if (state && route->vrf()->GetName() != agent_->fabric_vrf_name()) {
        state->SendNeighborSolicitForAllIntf(route);
    }
}

void Icmpv6VrfState::EvpnRouteUpdate(DBTablePartBase *part, DBEntryBase *entry) {
    EvpnRouteEntry *route = static_cast<EvpnRouteEntry *>(entry);

    Icmpv6RouteState *state = static_cast<Icmpv6RouteState *>
        (entry->GetState(part->parent(), evpn_route_table_listener_id_));

    if (entry->IsDeleted() || deleted_) {
        if (state) {
            entry->ClearState(part->parent(), evpn_route_table_listener_id_);
            delete state;
        }
        return;
    }

    if (!state) {
        state = new Icmpv6RouteState(this, route->vrf_id(), route->ip_addr(),
                                     route->GetVmIpPlen());
        entry->SetState(part->parent(), evpn_route_table_listener_id_, state);
    }

    //Check if there is a local VM path, if yes send a
    //Neighbor Solicit request, to trigger route preference state machine
    if (state && route->vrf()->GetName() != agent_->fabric_vrf_name()) {
        state->SendNeighborSolicitForAllIntf(route);
    }
}

bool Icmpv6VrfState::DeleteRouteState(DBTablePartBase *part, DBEntryBase *ent) {
    RouteUpdate(part, ent);
    return true;
}

bool Icmpv6VrfState::DeleteEvpnRouteState(DBTablePartBase *part,
                                          DBEntryBase *ent) {
    EvpnRouteUpdate(part, ent);
    return true;
}

void Icmpv6VrfState::Delete() {
    if (managed_delete_walk_ref_.get() == NULL)
        return;

    rt_table_->WalkAgain(managed_delete_walk_ref_);
    if (evpn_walk_ref_.get())
        evpn_rt_table_->WalkAgain(evpn_walk_ref_);
    deleted_ = true;
}

bool Icmpv6VrfState::PreWalkDone(DBTableBase *partition) {
    if (icmp_proto_->ValidateAndClearVrfState(vrf_, this) == false) {
        return false;
    }

    rt_table_->Unregister(route_table_listener_id_);
    table_delete_ref_.Reset(NULL);

    evpn_rt_table_->Unregister(evpn_route_table_listener_id_);
    evpn_table_delete_ref_.Reset(NULL);
    return true;
}

void Icmpv6VrfState::WalkDone(DBTableBase *partition, Icmpv6VrfState *state) {
    if (partition == state->rt_table_) {
        state->rt_table_->ReleaseWalker(state->managed_delete_walk_ref_);
        state->managed_delete_walk_ref_ = NULL;
        state->l3_walk_completed_ = true;
    } else {
        state->evpn_rt_table_->ReleaseWalker(state->evpn_walk_ref_);
        state->evpn_walk_ref_ = NULL;
        state->evpn_walk_completed_ = true;
    }

    if (state->PreWalkDone(partition)) {
        delete state;
    }
}

Icmpv6PathPreferenceState* Icmpv6VrfState::Locate(const IpAddress &ip) {
    Icmpv6PathPreferenceState* ptr = icmpv6_path_preference_map_[ip];
    if (ptr == NULL) {
        ptr = new Icmpv6PathPreferenceState(this, vrf_->vrf_id(), ip, 128);
        icmpv6_path_preference_map_[ip] = ptr;
    }
    return ptr;
}

void Icmpv6VrfState::Erase(const IpAddress &ip) {
    icmpv6_path_preference_map_.erase(ip);
}

Icmpv6VrfState::Icmpv6VrfState(Agent *agent_ptr, Icmpv6Proto *proto,
                               VrfEntry *vrf_entry, AgentRouteTable *table,
                               AgentRouteTable *evpn_rt_table):
    agent_(agent_ptr), icmp_proto_(proto), vrf_(vrf_entry), rt_table_(table),
    evpn_rt_table_(evpn_rt_table),
    route_table_listener_id_(DBTableBase::kInvalidId),
    evpn_route_table_listener_id_(DBTableBase::kInvalidId),
    table_delete_ref_(this, table->deleter()),
    evpn_table_delete_ref_(this, evpn_rt_table_->deleter()),
    deleted_(false),
    default_routes_added_(false), l3_walk_completed_(false),
    evpn_walk_completed_(false) {
    evpn_walk_ref_ = evpn_rt_table_->AllocWalker(
            boost::bind(&Icmpv6VrfState::DeleteEvpnRouteState, this, _1, _2),
            boost::bind(&Icmpv6VrfState::WalkDone, _2, this));
    managed_delete_walk_ref_ = table->AllocWalker(
            boost::bind(&Icmpv6VrfState::DeleteRouteState, this, _1, _2),
            boost::bind(&Icmpv6VrfState::WalkDone, _2, this));
}

Icmpv6VrfState::~Icmpv6VrfState() {
    assert(icmpv6_path_preference_map_.size() == 0);
}

void intrusive_ptr_add_ref(Icmpv6PathPreferenceState *ps) {
    ps->refcount_.fetch_and_increment();
}

void intrusive_ptr_release(Icmpv6PathPreferenceState *ps) {
    Icmpv6VrfState *state = ps->vrf_state();
    int prev = ps->refcount_.fetch_and_decrement();
    if (prev == 1) {
        state->Erase(ps->ip());
        delete ps;
    }
}

Icmpv6PathPreferenceState::Icmpv6PathPreferenceState(
        Icmpv6VrfState *vrf_state, uint32_t vrf_id,
        IpAddress ip, uint8_t plen) :
    vrf_state_(vrf_state), ns_req_timer_(NULL), vrf_id_(vrf_id), vm_ip_(ip),
    plen_(plen), gw_ip_(Ip6Address()) {
    refcount_ = 0;
}

Icmpv6PathPreferenceState::~Icmpv6PathPreferenceState() {
    if (ns_req_timer_) {
        ns_req_timer_->Cancel();
        TimerManager::DeleteTimer(ns_req_timer_);
    }
    assert(refcount_ == 0);
}

bool Icmpv6PathPreferenceState::SendNeighborSolicit(WaitForTrafficIntfMap
                                                    &wait_for_traffic_map,
                                                    NDTransmittedIntfMap
                                                    &nd_transmitted_map) {
    bool ret = false;
    boost::shared_ptr<PktInfo> pkt(new PktInfo(vrf_state_->agent(),
                                               ICMP_PKT_SIZE,
                                               PktHandler::ICMPV6, 0));
    Icmpv6Handler handler(vrf_state_->agent(), pkt,
                         *(vrf_state_->agent()->event_manager()->io_service()));

    WaitForTrafficIntfMap::iterator it = wait_for_traffic_map.begin();
    for (;it != wait_for_traffic_map.end(); it++) {
        if (it->second >= kMaxRetry) {
            continue;
        }

        VmInterface *vm_intf = static_cast<VmInterface *>(
             vrf_state_->agent()->interface_table()->FindInterface(it->first));
        if (!vm_intf) {
            continue;
        }
        bool inserted = nd_transmitted_map.insert(it->first).second;
        it->second++;
        if (inserted == false) {
            continue;
        }
        handler.SendNeighborSolicit(gw_ip_.to_v6(), vm_ip_.to_v6(), vm_intf,
                                    vrf_id_);
        vrf_state_->icmp_proto()->IncrementStatsNeighborSolicit(vm_intf);
        ret = true;
    }
    return ret;
}

bool Icmpv6PathPreferenceState::SendNeighborSolicit() {
    if (l3_wait_for_traffic_map_.size() == 0 &&
            evpn_wait_for_traffic_map_.size() == 0) {
        return false;
    }

    bool ret = false;
    NDTransmittedIntfMap nd_transmitted_map;
    if (SendNeighborSolicit(l3_wait_for_traffic_map_, nd_transmitted_map)) {
        ret = true;
    }

    if (SendNeighborSolicit(evpn_wait_for_traffic_map_, nd_transmitted_map)) {
        ret = true;
    }
    return ret;
}

void Icmpv6PathPreferenceState::StartTimer() {
    if (ns_req_timer_ == NULL) {
        ns_req_timer_ = TimerManager::CreateTimer(
                *(vrf_state_->agent()->event_manager()->io_service()),
                "Neighbor Solicit Request timer for VM",
                TaskScheduler::GetInstance()->GetTaskId("Agent::Services"),
                PktHandler::ICMPV6);
    }
    ns_req_timer_->Start(kTimeout,
                         boost::bind(&Icmpv6PathPreferenceState::
                                      SendNeighborSolicit,
                                     this));
}

Icmpv6RouteState::Icmpv6RouteState(Icmpv6VrfState *vrf_state,
                                   uint32_t vrf_id, IpAddress ip,
                                   uint8_t plen) {
    if (plen == Address::kMaxV6PrefixLen) {
        icmpv6_path_preference_state_ = vrf_state->Locate(ip);
    }
}

Icmpv6RouteState::~Icmpv6RouteState() {
    icmpv6_path_preference_state_.reset(NULL);
}

void Icmpv6RouteState::SendNeighborSolicitForAllIntf(const AgentRoute *route) {
    if (icmpv6_path_preference_state_.get()) {
        icmpv6_path_preference_state_->SendNeighborSolicitForAllIntf(route);
    }
}

//Send Neighbor Solicit request on interface in Active-BackUp mode
//So that preference of route can be incremented if the VM replies with
//Neighbor Advertisement
void Icmpv6PathPreferenceState::SendNeighborSolicitForAllIntf
    (const AgentRoute *route) {

    WaitForTrafficIntfMap wait_for_traffic_map = evpn_wait_for_traffic_map_;
    if (dynamic_cast<const InetUnicastRouteEntry *>(route)) {
        wait_for_traffic_map = l3_wait_for_traffic_map_;
    }

    WaitForTrafficIntfMap new_wait_for_traffic_map;
    for (Route::PathList::const_iterator it = route->GetPathList().begin();
            it != route->GetPathList().end(); it++) {
        const AgentPath *path = static_cast<const AgentPath *>(it.operator->());
        if (path->peer() &&
            path->peer()->GetType() == Peer::LOCAL_VM_PORT_PEER) {
            const NextHop *nh = path->ComputeNextHop(vrf_state_->agent());
            if (nh->GetType() != NextHop::INTERFACE) {
                continue;
            }

            const InterfaceNH *intf_nh =
                static_cast<const  InterfaceNH *>(nh);
            const Interface *intf =
                static_cast<const Interface *>(intf_nh->GetInterface());
            if (intf->type() != Interface::VM_INTERFACE) {
                //Ignore non vm interface nexthop
                continue;
            }
            if (dynamic_cast<const InetUnicastRouteEntry *>(route)) {
                if (path->subnet_service_ip().is_v6()) {
                    gw_ip_ = path->subnet_service_ip();
                }
            }

            if (path->path_preference().IsDependentRt() == true) {
                continue;
            }

            uint32_t intf_id = intf->id();
            bool wait_for_traffic = path->path_preference().wait_for_traffic();
            //Build new list of interfaces in active state
            if (wait_for_traffic == true) {
                WaitForTrafficIntfMap::const_iterator wait_for_traffic_it =
                    wait_for_traffic_map.find(intf_id);
                if (wait_for_traffic_it == wait_for_traffic_map.end()) {
                    new_wait_for_traffic_map.insert(std::make_pair(intf_id, 0));
                } else {
                    new_wait_for_traffic_map.insert(std::make_pair(intf_id,
                        wait_for_traffic_it->second));
                }
            }
        }
    }

    if (dynamic_cast<const InetUnicastRouteEntry *>(route)) {
        l3_wait_for_traffic_map_ = new_wait_for_traffic_map;
    } else {
        evpn_wait_for_traffic_map_ = new_wait_for_traffic_map;
    }
    if (new_wait_for_traffic_map.size() > 0) {
        SendNeighborSolicit();
        StartTimer();
    }
}

Icmpv6Proto::Icmpv6Stats *Icmpv6Proto::VmiToIcmpv6Stats(VmInterface *i) {
    VmInterfaceMap::iterator it = vm_interfaces_.find(i);
    if (it == vm_interfaces_.end()) {
        return NULL;
    }
    return &it->second;
}

void Icmpv6Proto::IncrementStatsRouterSolicit(VmInterface *vmi) {
    stats_.icmpv6_router_solicit_++;
    Icmpv6Stats *stats = VmiToIcmpv6Stats(vmi);
    if (stats) {
        stats->icmpv6_router_solicit_++;
    }
}

void Icmpv6Proto::IncrementStatsRouterAdvert(VmInterface *vmi) {
    stats_.icmpv6_router_advert_++;
    Icmpv6Stats *stats = VmiToIcmpv6Stats(vmi);
    if (stats) {
        stats->icmpv6_router_advert_++;
    }
}

void Icmpv6Proto::IncrementStatsPingRequest(VmInterface *vmi) {
    stats_.icmpv6_ping_request_++;
    Icmpv6Stats *stats = VmiToIcmpv6Stats(vmi);
    if (stats) {
        stats->icmpv6_ping_request_++;
    }
}

void Icmpv6Proto::IncrementStatsPingResponse(VmInterface *vmi) {
    stats_.icmpv6_ping_response_++;
    Icmpv6Stats *stats = VmiToIcmpv6Stats(vmi);
    if (stats) {
        stats->icmpv6_ping_response_++;
    }
}

void Icmpv6Proto::IncrementStatsNeighborSolicit(VmInterface *vmi) {
    stats_.icmpv6_neighbor_solicit_++;
    Icmpv6Stats *stats = VmiToIcmpv6Stats(vmi);
    if (stats) {
        stats->icmpv6_neighbor_solicit_++;
    }
}

void Icmpv6Proto::IncrementStatsNeighborAdvertSolicited(VmInterface *vmi) {
    stats_.icmpv6_neighbor_advert_solicited_++;
    Icmpv6Stats *stats = VmiToIcmpv6Stats(vmi);
    if (stats) {
        stats->icmpv6_neighbor_advert_solicited_++;
    }
}

void Icmpv6Proto::IncrementStatsNeighborAdvertUnSolicited(VmInterface *vmi) {
    stats_.icmpv6_neighbor_advert_unsolicited_++;
    Icmpv6Stats *stats = VmiToIcmpv6Stats(vmi);
    if (stats) {
        stats->icmpv6_neighbor_advert_unsolicited_++;
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Mercy General Acute Inpatient Rehabilitation is a rehabilitation center that offers many services, including stroke, cardiac conditions, and brain injury. Visit Mercy General Acute Inpatient Rehabilitation located at 4001 J St, Sacramento, CA. This Sacramento rehabilitation center is one of the best in California. As part of the Dignity Health network, Mercy General Acute Inpatient Rehabilitation is dedicated to delivering high quality, compassionate care and access to Sacramento and nearby communities.


text:
Indian Railways expansion plans in Northeast include laying tracks till China border
By Hemanta Kumar NathGuwahati (Assam) [India], November 10 (ANI): To strengthen the rail network in the northeastern region of the country, Indian Railways has planned to lay railway tracks right upto the China border in Arunachal Pradesh, all state capitals, besides connecting neighbouring Bhutan.
Indian Railways will construct railway lines from Bhalukpong to Tawang along the China border and Silapathar to Along via Bame, which once ready will have strategic importance because it will connect the border areas in the shortest time. According to the Railway ministry, the final location survey of these new railway projects in Arunachal Pradesh is in full swing. Sabyasachi De, Chief Public Relations Officer (CPRO) of Northeast Frontier Railway told ANI that the NF Railway has planned to construct a few more new railway projects in the northeastern region including Arunachal Pradesh. "We have planned to construct a new railway line from Bhalukpong to Tawang, Silapathar to Along via Bame and extend the railway line from Murkongselek to Pasighat," Sabyasachi De said. De further said that apart from these, it is planning to construct a second railway line from Lanka to Chandranathpur in Assam which will be the bypass in the hill section of the Dima Hasao district of Assam.
Notably, railway tracks in some portion of Dima Hasao got uprooted due to floods and landslides earlier this year, which have been repaired on a war footing and are now fully functional. Railways also plan to connect neighbouring Bhutan. "We have planned to connect Bhutan through railway and the new railway line will be from Kokrajhar (in Assam) to Gelephu in Bhutan. This new railway line will be around 58 km long," Sabyasachi De said. The NF Railway CPRO said that the construction works of many railway projects are going on in the region and the total quantum of these projects is worth around Rs 1.15 lakh crore -- the scope of these projects ranges from new lines, doubling, station development, electrification. "The capital connectivity projects are going on in full swing and we are going to connect the capitals of Mizoram and Manipur. In the coming one year, we might get connected to the capitals of Nagaland and Sikkim. Two main lines to Guwahati that is New Bongaigaon-Rangia-Kamakhya, and New Bongaigaon-Goalpara-Kamakhya are getting double. We have also done electrification, we are going beyond Guwahati now," De said.
"We have also planned of doubling the line from Lumding to Tinsukia. We have planned to electrify the whole railway network in the NF Railway by the end of next year. The NF Railway is developing a few stations as world-class stations. Kamakhya, New Jalpaiguri, Agartala, Silchar, and New Tinsukia stations will get developed as world-class stations. The state capital stations will also to be developed as world-class stations and we will try to reflect the culture and history of that place in these stations," the CPRO of NF Railway said. On elephant corridors along the railway tracks, the spokesperson of NF Railway said the northeast division has the highest number of elephant corridors in the country and it has developed a system called 'Intrusion Detection System' for the detection of animals in the railway lines. "The NF Railway is fist of introducing Intrusion Detection System to detect animals in the railway lines. It is an artificial intelligence based optical fiber system which has a capability of detecting elephants whenever it is approaching the railway tracks," De explained.
"Not only elephants, when other animals approach the railway tracks, the alert message will go to the loco pilot which able to stop the train on time. We have completed the pilot project in Lumding-Hawaipur section and in Alipurduar division. We will be able to get the system in all the elephant corridors." The NF Railway CPRO said that, the pilot project of 'Intrusion Detection System' was completed in the Lumding-Hawaipur section in the month of July and Alipurduar division in October this year and the NF Railway is confident that, by commissioning the system in all elephant corridors, this system will be eliminating the elephant accident cases. "It is a technologically advanced system and it will not have any affect in the surrounding wildlife area as it is an environment-friendly system," the spokesperson said. (ANI)
10th November 2022, 20:55 GMT+11


text:
« Daniels feels he and the Texans can come to terms on a deal
Texans and kicker Neil Rackers come to terms on a two-year deal »
SS Pollard says he'd like to be a Texan for a long time
April 2nd, 2010 Matt Loede Posted in News
The Texans official site had an interview with SS Bernard Pollard, who inked on Friday a new deal. Pollard says in the piece he'd like to stay with the Texans long-term:
The Texans re-signed restricted free agent strong safety Bernard Pollard on Friday, two days after re-signing restricted free agent linebacker DeMeco Ryans. "I get a chance to come back to a city that's been great to me since I've been here, and a team that has shown me so much love since I've been here," Pollard said on Friday. "Like I told (general manager) Rick (Smith) and the coaches, I'm going to go out there and try to continue to be a leader of the team. We need to win some games and get to the playoffs, and eventually a long-term contract will come. A long-term contract's what everybody wants, but at the end of the day we've got to work our way up, so I'm going to continue to do that." The Houston Chronicle reported that Pollard signed a one-year tender offer, though the team does not release contract details.
"This is definitely where I want to be long-term," Pollard said. "The owner (Bob McNair) knows that, Rick knows that. It's just a matter of getting some things ironed out, and once we get them ironed out it's going to be great for myself and my family. But I just continue to thank God for the position that I'm in and if it's (contract) going to come, it'll come. I just got here and I played 13 games, so my big thing is to do the same thing in the 2010 season for 16 games." Those 13 games in 2009 were enough for Pollard to tie for the team lead with four interceptions, finish third with 102 tackles and score a team-high two defensive touchdowns.


Articles, quotes, pictures of people I find interesting, beautiful, inspiring, fascinating… such as the Danish designer Malene Birger… She has such a good taste!
…. or Denmark's crown princess, Mary. She is a very stylish woman with an exemplary humility.
Fashion ideas, outfits, style. My goal is not to buy all the expensive clothes featured in magazines but it is to get ideas on how to match colours, patterns, etc… and find cheaper clothes that can give a similar look.
Inspirations for my home. I love to decorate my home and I get very often ideas from magazines about wall colours, plants, furniture… and décor objects such as…. vases. This is my current obsession!
Photography inspiration. I like to take pictures and it is good to get some great ideas!
Places I want to visit…. such as "l'île de Ré and l'île d'Yeu", two small islands off the west coast of France or the restaurant Loulou in Paris, designed by the architect Joseph Dirand.
Ideas for my paintings and drawings. I get creative ideas on how to match techniques, colours and it makes me realize that everything is possible!
Recipes… because one Sunday afternoon I will want to cook or bake something but just don't know what!


Ladies get one race free on Wednesday night. Lady members race all night free. If you have never been to Rush Hour Karting, this is a great time to go. You are more than welcome to invite other people.
If you can give me a heads up if you will be heading out or not, I can make reservations. I've got us tentatively penciled in for 7p.m. so we're all good. Pending on how everyone feels, we can go for drinks or dinner afterwards. Hope to see you there.


text:
Tag: Rupert Goold
Robert Icke's The Doctor to premiere at the Almeida Theatre
Anne Cox | May 13, 2019
London's Almeida Theatre is to stage The Doctor, a new play written and directed by Robert Icke that has been adapted from Professor Bernhardi, Arthur Schnitzler's controversial play
Premiere & top international work at Almeida Theatre this spring
Anne Cox | February 4, 2018
The spring season at London's Almeida Theatre will include the premiere of Ella Hickson's The Writer and a rare revival of Sophie Treadwell's 1928 play Machinal, says artistic
Extra! Extra! Ink in West End transfer to Duke of York's!
Anne Cox | July 17, 2017
The red-top satire, Ink, which charts the rebirth and rise of Britain's Sun newspaper, is transferring to the West End after a soaraway sell-out run at London's Almeida
Almeida Theatre stages Hamlet For Free fest for under 25s
Anne Cox | February 16, 2017
It's not often you get to watch one of Britain's most engaging stars in a free performance but Sherlock's Andrew Scott is set to give a gratis Hamlet
London and West End
Richard III – Review
Anne Cox | June 20, 2016
Richard III used to be known as Shakespeare's pantomime villain. A king so evil and murderous that he was almost a pastiche of a tyrant and despot. Reigning
Ralph Fiennes heads Almeida Theatre's Richard III
Anne Cox | April 1, 2016
Ralph Fiennes takes the title role in Shakespeare's Richard III at London's Almeida Theatre this summer, it was announced today. Directed by Almeida artistic director, Rupert Goold the
Royal tour as Robert Powell assumes power in King Charles III
Anne Cox | August 5, 2015
Mike Bartlett's multi-award-winning play, King Charles III is set for a national tour with Robert Powell ascending the throne. The show, which started life at Islington's Almeida Theatre
Ben Whishaw leads Greek season at Almeida Theatre
Anne Cox | March 13, 2015
Ben Whishaw, Lia Williams and Kate Fleetwood are set to star in three plays that make up the Almeida Greeks at the Islington theatre this summer. Almeida artistic
Full casting announced for Almeida's Merchant Of Venice
Anne Cox | November 11, 2014
Casting has been announced for Rupert Goold's revival of his Merchant of Venice production planned for London's Almeida Theatre. Former Almeida artistic director Ian McDiarmid will play Shylock
Game Almeida ups the ante with The Merchant Of Venice
The Merchant Of Venice is the Shakespeare of choice with both the Royal Shakespeare Company and the Almeida Theatre announcing productions. What's more Almeida's artistic director Rupert Goold
Mike Bartlett's King Charles III readies for West End opening
Anne Cox | August 25, 2014
The complete cast of the Almeida Theatre's acclaimed production of King Charles III have begun rehearsals for the play's West End transfer. Directed by Almeida artistic director Rupert
Made In Dagenham Musical strikes with teaser trailer
Anne Cox | June 3, 2014
Made In Dagenham, the musical follow-up to the hit British film, has released a trailer today to give theatre-goers a preview of what to expect. The show opens
1 2 Older


text:
/**
 * Components for input/output in combination with machine learning
 * algorithms.
 */
package dkpro.similarity.ml.io;


The New7Wonders Foundation selected these monuments as the seven wonders of the world, but the competition was so fierce, they actually chose eight! Here's a description of each, plus flights that can get you there.
The Great Wall of China is actually a series of walls and fortifications built and maintained over 2,000 years since as early as the 7th century BC.
Overall, the wall measures over 8,800 km (5,500 mi) - almost twice the distance across the United States!
Contrary to popular belief, the Great Wall is sadly not visible from the Moon, however, it may (barely) be from low-earth orbit in perfect conditions, so if you're planning a trip to space, don't be set your hopes too high.
Regardless of how you view the wall, it is, without a doubt, a wonder in its own right.
You can visit many different parts of the wall, which vary from fully-constructed to ruins. The most popular portions are Badaling and Juyongguan, and can be reached easily from Beijing by bus and train.
Once one of the largest and most powerful cities of the Maya civilization, the ancient ruins of Chichen Itza can still give a glimpse into the distant past. It's majestic buildings include the Pyramid of Kukulcan, known for its many tombs. For an extra thrill, visit during the spring or summer equinox at 3:00 p.m. and the sun's shadows create 7 isosceles triangles, giving shape to the body of a slithering serpent.
In Jordan, on the slopes of Mount Hor, in a basin flanked by mountains, lies the ancient city of Petra, an archeological and engineering marvel.
Carved into red rock and mountainsides alike are a litany of buildings from giant treasuries and monasteries to tiny domiciles. Unknown to the Western world until 1812, Petra was made somewhat famous by Steven Spielberg in the film "Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade".
Entry tickets range from US$70 to US$130 depending on length of stay and whether you're residing in Jordan or traveling in from Egypt or Israel.
Though slightly tricky to get in and out of, there really is nothing quite like Petra, earning it's place in both UNESCO's World Heritage Site list and frequently being recognised as one of the wonders of the world.
The Colosseeum is one of the greatest works of Roman Engineering. It was capable of seating 50,000 spectators at gladiatorial contests, spectacles such as mock sea battles, and dramas. See the stadium from the arena floor and imagine the crowds cheering you on, and even tour the underground areas where gladiators waited to fight.
A visit here is an important part of any trip to Rome.
On top of a mountain, standing 99 ft high and weighing in at 635 tonnes is Christ the Redeemer (Cristo Redentor), Rio de Janeiro's icon of Brazilian Christianity.
Constructed between 1926 and 1931, it is the largest Art Deco statue in the world and has become a symbol of Rio recognized throughout the world.
Visiting the statue is easy, with one of the most popular options being 20 minute tram ride that winds through the Tijuca forest up to summit.
Tram + entry is R$46.00 (~US$25) and can be purchased at the same time with the tram operator (http://www.corcovado.com.br/ingles/index.html).
When it comes to wonders, it's hard to beat the Incan icon of Machu Picchu. A popular finale to the famous Inca Trail hike, perched high in the Andes in Peru, these remarkable ruins were built and used in the century following AD 1430 and abandoned after the invasion of the Spanish conquistadors.
There's no shortage of amazing things when it comes to Machu Picchu not least of which is that nobody today is actually sure what it is and why it was built but regardless, many say no trip to Peru would be complete without a visit.
The most popular ways to visit are from Cuzco via Aguas Calientes, from which you can catch a bus or by hiking the Inca Trail, offering an opening vista of the city through the Sun Gate.
Built in 1653, the achingly beautiful Taj Mahal is actually a mausoleum dedicated to the memory of Mughal emperor Shah Jahan's third wife. The tomb is placed at the end of a long garden and pool, which adds depth and perspective to its grandiosity. There are many examples of breathtaking craftsmanship on evidence. One of the most interesting is an exquisitly carved octagonal marble lattice screen that encloses the central area.
The Taj Mahal id located in the city of Agra, and is best viewed as part of a 'Golden Triangle' tour that also includes the cities New Delhi and Jaipur.
The Great Pyramid was built more than 3000 years ago and is the oldest of the ancient wonders. It was built as a tomb for the Pharaoh Khufu, and rises 146.5 m (481 ft) above the desert.
There are many other wonderful monuments and sites nearby, and a visit to the Pyramid can be part of a larger tour of Egypt or just a visit to Cairo.


Traditionally, red team/blue (or red team vs. blue team) training has been a significant time commitment, often upwards of five days or more. This can be taxing on constrained schedules and budgets. ThreatGEN™ Red Team/Blue Team Training uses cutting edge computer gaming technology developed by authors of "Hacking Exposed: Industrial Control Systems", to offer all the best aspects of red team/blue team training, but in a fraction of the time and without a technical learning curve. Students of all levels can even play the part of the red team, regardless of experience or skill level.


Hohenwald Tire & Service Center provides Wheel Alignment services to Hohenwald, TN, Mt. Pleasant, TN, Waynesboro, TN, and other surrounding areas.
Hohenwald Tire & Service Center proudly serves the Wheel Alignment needs of customers in Hohenwald, TN, Mt. Pleasant, TN, Waynesboro, TN, and surrounding areas.


text:
Arts, Sports & Culture
Mister Rogers Online Marathon Captivates Viewers Worldwide
90.5 WESA | By Adelina Lancianese
Mister Rogers interacts with puppets as livestream viewers chat in this screenshot of Twitch.TV.
It takes around 414 hours to watch all 886 episodes of Mister Rogers' Neighborhood, and thousands of people around the world are embracing the continuous stream of programming.
The Fred Rogers Company—the television production studio created by Fred Rogers and later named for him—is livestreaming all 31 seasons back-to-back on Twitch.TV, an online video streaming platform.
Twitch.TV hosted the marathon twice last year, but this week's iteration holds a special meaning for fans. It started on Tuesday, March 20, which would have been Fred Rogers' 90th birthday.
90.5 WESA calculated that the livestream should wrap up sometime around April 7, when Mister Rogers will don his final red cardigan and sing, "I'm proud of you. I hope that you're as proud as I am... I hope that you're proud of you, too."
Until those final moments, Mister Rogers' Neighborhood is commanding an impressive audience on Twitch.TV. The livestream has been viewed more than 7.4 million times, typically just over 1,000 people usually tune in at once.
The streaming platform's Mister Rogers chatroom is ablaze with conversation as fans follow him through the decades. They banter back and forth about how soothing they find Rogers' voice and whether he should be canonized as a saint. As the beginning credits of an episode roll, fans try to guess what color cardigan he might put on. They encourage each other to donate to PBS. And fans are even using special emojis—like the iconic red trolley or X the Owl—to communicate their adoration.
Kristin Wirick, 33, lives in Mount Washington. She writes that she started watching the marathon at 7 a.m. on Wednesday and has kept the program running in the background as she works.
"Listening to Mister Rogers and his message of love and acceptance is a great reminder that not everything in the world is upsetting, frustrating, or otherwise disappointing," Wirick writes in an email. "Just the opposite, in fact -- you can always find a silver lining and a reason to love."
Wirick gifted $4.99 Twitch Prime subscriptions to 16 random viewers on Wednesday, so that they can have access to the special Mister Rogers emojis and watch the stream ad-free. "I'm delighted to share it with others who share my same sense of nostalgia," she explained.
Many of the Twitch.TV viewers said they're tuning in to spend a little more time with a man who they've always considered a friend. "As a child I didn't have very many friends but I always felt I had a friend in Mr. Rogers. He made me feel like I actually mattered," Matt Smith, 28, of North Carolina writes.
"I discovered Mr. Rogers when I was four and loved that there was a man on TV who told me he liked me just the way I was," said Camille Calman, 55, of New York.
Jacqueline Xu, 23 years old and another New York resident, said the show helped her adjust as a child in a new country 18 years ago. "I used to watch Mister Rogers' Neighborhood when I was a kid, newly immigrated from China. I picked up English and learned a lot about American culture and life as a kid watching the show, and it was peaceful to watch this when home life was tumultuous," she wrote.
Credit Screenshot / Twitch.TV
Puppets King Friday XIII and Audrey Duck have a conversation in the Neighborhood of Make Believe.
Twitch.TV viewer Hasan Mahmood, 32, in Covina, Calif. grew up in the Middle East where he didn't have access to the show. "So my grandmother from California would send care packages to my Mom, and among them were tapes with recordings of various episodes. As a younger kid, it was one of the best things she used to send. I didn't see many episodes, but I loved the show, regardless."
Christie Taylor, 47, of New York, said that the marathon helps her decompress after a stressful work day. "But above all, watching Mr. Rogers simply makes me happy."
Young and old, Mister Rogers' Neighborhood continues to influence people all over the world, and the Twitch.TV marathon provides a platform for them to come together and appreciate their childhood hero.
Pittsburghers can don their coziest cardigans and tune in to the Mister Rogers' Neighborhood livestream here.
Arts, Sports & CultureMister RogersMister Rogers' NeighborhoodlivestreamTwitchPBSFred Rogers CompanyHenriettax the owlLocal StoriesFred Rogers
Adelina Lancianese
Adelina Lancianese is the assistant producer for the NPR Story Lab, a creative studio that fosters newsroom experimentation and incubates new podcasts. At the Story Lab, Lancianese works primarily on investigative, long-form projects, and also helps organize the annual Story Lab Workshop for the development of new independent and Member station podcasts.
See stories by Adelina Lancianese
Top writers keynote Pittsburgh Racial Justice Summit
Bill O'Driscoll
The two-day online event features workshops and more.
Pittsburgh troupe's dance-theater work places the refugee crisis here and now
CorningWorks' "The Tipping Point" asks what it takes to force people from their homes.
Retirement awaits Roethlisberger after Steelers lose in Kansas City
Dave Skretta | AP
Steelers quarterback Ben Roethlisberger is likely headed into retirement after a 42-21 loss to the Chiefs in the wild-card round of the playoffs on Sunday night.


text:
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">

<title>ActivityBlocker (Abstract Service Library)</title>
<meta name="date" content="2013-10-03">
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../../../../../stylesheet.css" title="Style">

JavaScript is disabled on your browser.

Overview

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Help

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org.nise.ux.asl.lib

Class ActivityBlocker

java.lang.Object

org.nise.ux.asl.lib.ActivityBlocker

public class ActivityBlocker
extends java.lang.Object

 کلاس کمکی برای ایجاد قفل در منطقه بحرانی وابسته به یک کلید.

 به کمک این کلاس میتوان مناطق بحرانی اجرای عملیات با استفاده از یک کلید خاص ایجاد کرد.

 ظرفیت هر منطقه بحران در این کلاس تنها یکی خواهد بود.

Constructor Summary

Constructors

Constructor and Description

ActivityBlocker()

Method Summary

Methods

Modifier and Type
Method and Description

void
acquire(java.lang.String key)

درخواست اجازه برای ورود به منطقه بحرانی با استفاده از کلید داده شده.

void
release(java.lang.String key)

رها سازی اجازه گرفته شده و خروج از منطقه بحرانی

Methods inherited from class java.lang.Object

clone, equals, finalize, getClass, hashCode, notify, notifyAll, toString, wait, wait, wait

Constructor Detail

ActivityBlocker

public ActivityBlocker()

Method Detail

acquire

public void acquire(java.lang.String key)
             throws java.lang.InterruptedException

درخواست اجازه برای ورود به منطقه بحرانی با استفاده از کلید داده شده.

Parameters:

key - کلید ورود به منطقه بحرانی

Throws:

java.lang.InterruptedException - تنها وقتی که سیستم توانایی ایجاد سمافور نداشته باشد

release

public void release(java.lang.String key)

رها سازی اجازه گرفته شده و خروج از منطقه بحرانی

Parameters:

key - کلید ورود به منطقه بحرانی

Overview

Package

Class

Use

Tree

Deprecated

Index

Help

PREV CLASS

NEXT CLASS

FRAMES

NO FRAMES

All Classes

SUMMARY:

NESTED |

FIELD |

CONSTR |

METHOD

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METHOD

				This library is a work of NISE organization User-eXperience team.


text:
Q: Using Combinators in Lambda Calculus
K $\equiv$ $\lambda$xy.x
S $\equiv$ $\lambda$xyz.((xz)(yz))
Prove that the identify function I $\equiv$ $\lambda$x.x is equivalent to ((S K) K)

I have no clue where to even start for this problem, could someone possibly guide me into solving this problem, it is for final preparation.

A: Here's another way to think about these sorts of problems. This is basically the same as Hunan's solution but I think it helps to be able to keep things in the S K notation when possible; I get a better intuition about the solution that way.
Pick any combinator, say, A.  What is ((SK)K)A?
Start from the inside. What is SK?  Substitute K for x in $\lambda$xyz.((xz)(yz)) and we get
SK = $\lambda$yz.((Kz)(yz)).
What is Kz? It's the combinator that takes anything and gives you back z.  What are we supplying as the argument to that combinator? We don't care! The result is z regardless. So
SK = $\lambda$yz.z.
OK, that's the interior. What argument are we giving to that combinator? K. Substitute K for y and get $\lambda$z.z because there is no y in the right side.
Now give argument A to that. Substitute A for z to get A.
We started with arbitrary A and got A, so this must be the identity combinator.
Did you notice something interesting there?  Since there was no y on the right side we could have substituted anything in there! That is to say that we've just proven that
((SK)B)A == A

for any values of A and B and therefore ((SK)B) gives I for any B.
Note the points of my method here.

*

*I chose a concrete arbitrary value A for the combinator to operate on.

*I worked from inside to outside

*I understood the meaning of Kz rather than treating it formally, and that enabled me to more quickly reason about its action.

Note also that you have a new tool in your toolbox. You started with K as the combinator that takes something and constructs a combinator that always yields that something regardless of input. You learned that SK is the combinator that constructs I regardless of input.
Another way to look at it is K is the combinator that takes two values and gives you the first; SK is the combinator that takes two values and gives you the second. Both these are powerful intuitions that will help you reason about combinators.

A: Well, start by writing down $((SK)K)$. Then, replace 'S' and 'K' with those definitions above. You'll get some lambda term, like this one: $([λxyz.((xz)(yz))][λxy.x])[λxy.x]$. The task is then to reduce that term until you get $[λx.x]$. Here's a way it might be reduced. Start with the initial term:
$$([λxyz.((xz)(yz))]~[λxy.x])~[λxy.x]$$
We want to reduce $([λxyz.((xz)(yz))]~[λxy.x])$, but $y$ is bound in $[λxyz.((xz)(yz))]$ and free in $[λxy.x]$, so we don't want it to be captured when we substitute the terms. Therefore, we rename things to avoid that, obtaining the following equivalent term ($w$ substituted for the bound $y$):
$$([λxwz.((xz)(wz))]~[λxy.x])~[λxy.x]$$
Now we can evaluate the first redex to obtain:
$$([λwz.(([λxy.x]z)(wz))])~[λxy.x]$$
One way of proceeding now is to reduce that inner redex on the left, obtaining:
$$([λwz.([λy.z](wz))])~[λxy.x]$$
Once more we reduce the inner redex, obtaining:
$$([λwz.z])~[λxy.x]$$
If you're surprised what happened, notice that $[λy.z]$ was a constant function. Final reduction:
$$(λz.z) \equiv_{\alpha} (λx.x)$$
Again, $([λwz.z])$ was a constant function, so the argument got discarded.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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text:
Reported deaths due to STS Maring now at 13 — NDRRMC
Maris Federez • October 13, 2021	• 401
MANILA, Philippines — The death toll reported in the wake of Severe Tropical Storm Maring is now at 13, according to the National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council (NDRRMC).
Three people were reported injured, while 9 are missing.
The NDRRMC said that the said figures are still under validation except the one confirmed missing in Ilocos Norte due to drowning.
Overall, STS Maring has affected 21,511 individuals or 6,111 families, displacing 2,837 households in 237 barangays in Region 1, Region 2, Region 3, MIMAROPA, CARAGA, and CAR.
Forty-two roads are still not passable in Region 1 (17) and CAR (25), while four bridges remain impassable in Region 2 (2), Region 1 (1), and CAR (1).
The NDRRMC further said that a total of 102 cities/municipalities experienced power interruption/outage. Of which, power supply in 58 cities/municipalities was already restored.
Meanwhile, a total of 6 ports were reported non-operational/suspended trips. Of which, 2 ports were already restored in CARAGA, the agency added.
Damage to agriculture is estimated at Php493,766,744.67.
TAGS NDRRMC, Severe Tropical Storm Maring
Reported deaths due to Typhoon Odette climbs to 400 – NDRRMC
Robie de Guzman • December 31, 2021
MANILA, Philippines – The number of reported deaths due to the onslaught of Typhoon Odette has exceeded 400, the National Disaster Reduction and Management Council (NDRRMC) said Friday.
In its latest report, the NDRRMC recorded 405 fatalities, while 82 persons were reported missing and 1,147 were injured.
The typhoon affected a total of 4,457,846 individuals or 1,139,148 families in 11 regions.
Areas affected include Palawan, Negros Occidental, Bohol, Cebu, Negros Oriental, Southern Leyte, Leyte, Dinagat Islands, and Surigao del Norte.
A total of 532,096 houses were damaged during the typhoon with an estimated cost of P28,163,718, the NDRRMC said.
The damage to infrastructure was pegged at ₱ 16,715,368,482.11 while the cost of damage to agriculture was estimated at P6,683,206,250.24.
The NDRRMC also noted that the power supply has been restored in 205 out of 284 cities and municipalities that experienced power outages following the typhoon's onslaught.
Seventeen areas in MIMAROPA, Region 10, CARAGA, and CARAGA are still without water supply.
Meanwhile, telecommunication services have been restored in 79 out of 165 cities and municipalities affected by the calamity, the NDRRMC said.
TAGS death toll, NDRRMC, Typhoon Odette
Reported deaths due to Odette nears 400 – NDRRMC
MANILA, Philippines – Nearly 400 people were reported killed due to the onslaught of Typhoon Odette, latest data from the National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council (NDRRMC) showed.
In an update released on Tuesday, the NDRRMC said the death toll has climbed to 397.
The number of missing persons also rose to 83 from Monday's 64 while a total of 1,147 people have been reported injured.
The typhoon affected a total of 4,235,400 persons or 1,082,910 families in 11 regions.
The NDRRMC also reported a total of 508,785 damaged houses due to Odette, with an estimated cost of P28,163,718.
Around 325 infrastructures were also damaged due to the typhoon, amounting to P16,715,334,982.11.
The typhoon's estimated cost of damage to agriculture was at P5,342,538,557.25.
The agency said that power supply has been restored in 161 out of 284 areas that experienced power outage in MIMAROPA, Region 6, Region 7, Region 8, Region 9, Region 10, Region 11, CARAGA, and Bangsamoro region.
A total of 18 cities/ municipalities are still without water supply while 371 areas faced issues in telecommunications.
TAGS death toll, NDRRMC, ODETTE, Philippines
Deaths due to Typhoon Odette now at 389 – NDRRMC
MANILA, Philippines – The reported number of fatalities due to the onslaught of Typhoon Odette has climbed to 389, latest data from the National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council (NDRRMC) said.
In its report released on Monday, the NDRRMC said 64 people are reported missing while 1,146 were injured.
A total of 18 cities/ municipalities experienced water supply outage while 371 areas faced issues in telecommunications.
A total of 334 cities/municipalities in MIMAROPA, Region 6, Region 8, CARAGA had declarations of State of Calamity, the NDRRMC said.
TAGS NDRRMC, ODETTE, Philippines, Typhoon Rai


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