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Israel, Legitimacy and Human Rights: An Interview with Professor Gerald Steinberg of NGO Monitor
By Gerald M. Steinberg
While many organizations in the Jewish world have expressed concern about on-going efforts to delegitimize the State of Israel, one group which has been at the forefront of this effort to fight the demonization of the Jewish State is NGO Monitor. In this interview, Professor Gerald Steinberg, President of NGO Monitor and a faculty member of the Political Studies Department at Bar Ilan University, discusses how his organization is responding to this threat and offers his opinion on some of the ways in which certain international human rights NGO's are potentially giving a veneer of respectability to efforts aimed at undermining the legitimacy of Israel.
NVR: For our readers who may not be familiar with the work of NGO Monitor, can you tell us a little about how and why the organization was founded?
The organization was founded in 2002 – a few months after the UN "World Conference Against Racism" in Durban, South Africa. The 1500 organizations that participated in the NGO Forum at this Conference adopted a Final Declaration that revived the notorious 1975 UN resolution declaring Zionism to be a form of racism. In the Durban declaration, the NGOs painted Israel as an "apartheid" state, guilty of "war crimes", genocide, and ethnic cleansing, and similar accusations. On this basis, the document called for the international community to impose a complete and total isolation of Israel as an apartheid state through boycotts, exploitation of legal frameworks, and other measures.
As a student of international politics and power, I discovered that these NGOs were using the façade of the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights to systematically promote a radical ideological agenda, and becoming very influential. As an academic, I looked for analysis of NGO power, and after finding almost no substantive work in this area, initiated my own research. Large-scale funding was clearly central to this development, and I found that significant support came from Western governments, primarily in Europe (and, at that time, also Canada), as well as major foundations. However, it was apparent that most donors had no independent information on what was being done with this funding – the NGO network was largely immune from the requirements of accountability and transparency.
In parallel, the leading NGOs involved in the Durban Conference, including Human Rights Watch and Amnesty International, were moving forward with a broad campaign to delegitimize and demonize Israel. These and other NGOs were clearly manipulating human rights principles, and the media, as well as many diplomats and academics, generally blindly accepted and quoted the unsubstantiated NGO allegations and publications. It was this initial realization and research that expanded into the founding of NGO Monitor.
NVR: What is the mission of NGO Monitor? What are the goals of the organization over the next 5-1o years?
NGO Monitor is a research organization – we provide detailed information and analysis regarding the reports and activities of NGOs claiming to advance human rights, particularly in the Middle East. This process involves finding and disclosing funding sources for politicized NGOs, and noting when their rhetoric and reports are inconsistent with their claimed principles or missions. As the only independent source of NGO evaluations and accountability, our research is often cited by media, government officials in Israel and abroad, diplomats, and other organizational heads. While political NGOs and their supporters often react angrily to our reports, the research is always shown to be entirely accurate and complete.
NGO Monitor is still the only such research framework in the world, and the issues are extremely wide and growing. Over the next 5 to 10 years we hope to expand our capabilities and impact, in order to end the exploitation of human rights as a weapon against Israel; establish best practices to offset NGO reporting bias and double standards; and promote the restoration of the universal moral foundations. The principled guidelines that we wrote were influential in changing the funding practices of the Ford Foundation after the Durban fiasco, and more recently, the leaders of Jewish Federations and the New Israel Fund have also started to adopt NGO Monitor's recommendations, particularly regarding ending support for groups involved in BDS and demonization. This cooperation across the Jewish political spectrum (with the exception of the extremes) in funding guidelines for NGOs is a major objective.
NVR: Why is the work that NGO Monitor is doing important in both Israel and the Diaspora?
Our work is founded on the values embodied in the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights, adopted in the shadow of the Holocaust. Tragically, hundreds of these NGOs, in a coordinated campaign launched at the Durban conference, have exploited these values in close coordination with the UN Human Rights Council, dominated by the worst perpetrators of abuses, including Libya, Saudi Arabia, Iran and their allies. As our research reports demonstrate, the NGOs disproportionately focus on anti-Israel allegations, while giving far less attention to the extensive human rights violations in the region. Human Rights Watch, for example, has issued only six substantive reports on Libya since 1991, and more than 45 on Israel.
Because Human Rights Watch and other NGOs are perceived as moral and reliable "watchdogs", many journalists and diplomats accept their reports as factual, and adopt the NGO agendas. As a result, NGO biases against Israel feed the delegitimization campaigns and are highlighted in media reports around the world. This is a form of political warfare, as declared at the Durban conference, and has severely impacted Israel's image internationally.
The infamous Goldstone report on the Gaza war (December 2008 – January 2009) was based on an entirely biased UNHRC mandate, and is largely composed of NGO claims that lacked credibility and were not verified independently. This publication calls for legal action against Israel and Israelis, and is often seen as a modern "blood libel". Similarly, when "war crimes" charges are brought against Israeli officials, this extends the assault, and can limit future Israeli self-defense capability through efforts to restrict the export of technology from some countries.
Diaspora Jews who identify with and care about Israel's welfare are very aware of this demonization. They witness the growth of boycott, divestment, and sanctions (BDS) campaigns, often involving trade union activists and radical church groups that have been hijacked by anti-Israel activists. This battle is about the legitimacy and survival of Israel, and is an extension of the 1947 rejectionism – war by other means. This is not a narrow "right wing" concern. The Zionist Left, including supporters of the New Israeli Fund, also want to ensure that their NGO contributions are not abused for BDS and demonization.
At the same time, concern about NGO bias goes beyond Israel. Robert Bernstein, the founder of Human Rights Watch, has criticized his own organization for violating its core principles. HRW, he notes, was founded to "pry open closed societies" and help citizens in countries where forums to fight for their own rights do not exist. Instead, HRW has become an organization that focuses on open, democratic societies, such as Israel, that already have numerous human rights groups in place. When HRW sends delegations to Saudi Arabia – not to promote the rights of women and minorities, but to raise funds to attack Israel – it is clear that this powerful NGO has lost its moral compass. And when they promoted the myth of the Ghaddifi regime as refomers, even marketing a false "Tripoli Spring", the evidence of moral failure was reinforced.
NVR: This past fall you spoke at the national CAMERA (Committee for Accurate Middle East Reporting in America) Conference at Boston University – one of the main themes of this gathering was that there is a concerted and growing effort by various groups and individuals to push for the deligitimization of the State of Israel – how widespread is this problem? What are its roots, and what, if anything, can people do to speak out against this movement?
This is a highly coordinated, and well funded political assault led by NGOs, beginning with the 2001 UN "World Conference Against Racism" in Durban, South Africa, and expanding to include Israel Apartheid week and similar activities. We estimate that between 50 and 100 million euro annually is given to the NGOs in the region that are part of this campaign, in various forms. The money comes from foreign governments – primarily the EU and European – as well as from foundations, such as the New Israel Fund and the Ford Foundation, often via secretive, non-transparent frameworks. There is very little oversight, parliamentary hearings, or evaluation on this massive funding for political advocacy NGOs.
By researching and exposing the funding sources ("naming and shaming") including governments, we are gradually reducing the resources used in this vicious war. And we have had some major impacts – the Canadian and British governments have reassigned millions of dollars of NGO funding, and the Dutch government launched an investigation after NGO Monitor uncovered the information showing that a government-funded church development organization was funneling government funding to the NGO Electronic Intifada. The research is difficult, and often our impact takes place behind-the-scenes, but it is effective.
NVR: NGO Monitor is frequently critical of organizations such as Human Rights Watch and Amnesty International when it comes to statements these groups issue about events in the Middle East – is this a critique of these organizations as a whole, or only about their reporting on Middle East issues? Are there time when NGO Monitor and Amnesty International or Human Rights Watch have been in agreement on certain issues or topics?
Given limited resources, we are focusing primarily on NGO agendas and activities in the Middle East, within a comparative framework. The evidence clearly demonstrates the degree to which Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch target Israel obsessively, and we see highly inconsistent applications of international law principles in different conflicts. At HRW, Ken Roth, who has been in charge for over 15 years, has shown a major personal bias against Israel, including a number of nasty oped articles while Israel was under attack. Under his leadership, HRW's Middle East and North Africa division has been headed by two ideological activists, while their counterparts working in other regions do not come from such biased backgrounds, and generally have professional human rights training. So Israel is treated differently and singled out for attack by the officials who run these organizations.
But there are also wider biases in these organizations, resulting from what is often called a "post-colonial" anti-Western ideology. They tend to be hostile to the U.S., and sympathetic to groups that they define as "victims" of capitalism and oppression, often excusing or downplaying the use of mass terror. Additionally, our research has shown that despite the research façade, these are political advocacy groups. They have clear agendas in terms of creating and interpreting international law, granting undeserved importance to the UN Human Rights Council, and promoting their views of the Arab-Israeli conflict. And they use their significant power and influence to push their agendas in international frameworks and in the media.
The research and methodology failures reflected in HRW and Amnesty publications are not unique to the Middle East, although the systematic bias magnifies the problem. In general, their reports make claims, both factual and legal, that go far beyond the professional capacity of their employees. The resulting reports, as we see in the cases of Gaza, the 2006 Lebanon war, and many other examples, should be taken with a healthy degree of skepticism, in contrast to the standard "halo effect" they receive by default.
NVR: If you could give some advice to Israeli leaders about how to best position themselves and the nation amidst a sea of regional uncertainty and change, what would you tell them?
Israeli leaders, in particular in the defense sector, have failed to understand the strength of the delegitimization campaign, and the means for effectively combating it. When an international incident is triggered, such as last year's Gaza Flotilla, Israeli officials need to get in front of the issue and implement an appropriate strategy. They need to realize that the NGO network is always ready to use those incidents as vehicles to advance the delegitimization campaigns.
NVR: Can you tell us a little about your own personal and professional background, and how you became involved with Israel Advocacy?
As a Jewish teenager in Northern California, in a community of survivors and refugees, Zionism, Israel and the demand for moral behavior in a post-Holocaust world were at the center of my identity. I moved my academic focus from astrophysics to international relations after realizing that the primary challenges to Jewish survival and morality were moving from strictly military to more political dimensions, and that most of our leaders and institutions were not particularly skilled or knowledgeable in this vital area. Like many of my contemporaries, I spent significant time in Israel in this period, moving here almost thirty years ago, and establishing my academic career in this framework. From the beginning, in my frequent trips to speak about Israeli realities, I also realized that the perceptions of the country and the conflict are very distorted, and that the complexities are generally erased. On this basis, I see myself and my activities not as "Israel advocacy" or hasbara, but rather continued education based on the exposure of myths and of the powerful interests that promote them. The NGO Monitor and human rights dimensions of my work are a direct outgrowth of this development and emphasis on confronting the central challenges to the Jewish people and Israel.
NVR: Is there anything else you would like to add?
The vicious diatribes, hate mail, and obsessive twitter attacks targeting NGO Monitor from people who call themselves liberals, progressives, enlightened, etc. is indicative of the façade of morality among many "human rights activists" and "defenders of democracy". These individuals and organizations invest huge resources in preventing a serious and informed debate on the role of these NGOs in the exploitation of human rights, and on the legitimacy of massive foreign government funding for this assault. Richard Falk, a professor of human rights at Princeton and the UNHRC's rapporteur on Palestine, condemned CNN for giving "TV exposure to Gerald Steinberg, the notorious founder and principal toxic voice of NGO Monitor…". And some officials of the New Israel Fund have posted offensive comments and obscene gestures, while rejecting civil discussion and the search for common ground on core issues. But among other NIF supporters and associated NGOs, there is a growing realization that the red lines of democracy and civility have been violated. NIF's recent adoption of language in NGO Monitor's moral guidelines is a positive sign of the return to civility, and suggests the potential for cooperation instead of conflict.
http://www.newvilnareview.com/features/israel-legitimacy-and-human-rights-an-interview-with-professor-gerald-steinberg-of-ngo-monitor.html
Gerald M. Steinberg
Prof. Gerald Steinberg is president of NGO Monitor and professor of Political Studies at Bar Ilan University, where he founded the Program on Conflict Management and Negotiation. His research interests include international relations, Middle East diplomacy and security, the politics of human rights and non-governmental organizations (NGOs), Israeli politics and arms control.
NGO Monitor was founded following the 2001 UN World Conference Against Racism in Durban South Africa, where powerful NGOs, claiming to promote human rights, hijacked the principles of morality and international law. NGO Monitor provides information and analysis, promotes accountability, and supports discussion on the reports and activities of NGOs claiming to advance human rights and humanitarian agendas.
In 2013, Professor Steinberg accepted the prestigious Menachem Begin Prize on behalf of NGO Monitor, recognizing its "Efforts exposing the political agenda and ideological basis of humanitarian organizations that use the Discourse of human rights to discredit Israel and to undermine its position among the nations of the world."
Steinberg is a member of Israel Council of Foreign Affairs; the Israel Higher-Education Council, Committee on Public Policy; advisory board of the Israel Law Review International, the research working group of the Norwegian Institute of International Affairs (NUPI), and participates in the Inter-parliamentary Coalition for Combating Antisemitism (ICCA). He also speaks at a variety of high-level government sessions and academic conferences worldwide.
Publications include "NGOs, Human Rights, and Political Warfare in the Arab-Israel Conflict" (Israel Studies); "The UN, the ICJ and the Separation Barrier: War by Other Means" (Israel Law Review); and Best Practices for Human Rights and Humanitarian NGO Fact-Finding (co-author), Nijhoff, Leiden, 2012.
His op-ed columns have been published in Wall St. Journal (Europe), Financial Times, Ha'aretz,International Herald Tribune, Jerusalem Post, and other publications. He has appeared as a commentator on the BBC, CBC, CNN, and NPR.
Read all stories by Gerald M. Steinberg
The Intersectional, Antisemitic 'Deadly Exchange' Campaign Comes to Campus
Israel Studies confab comes to UC Berkeley
Hate Spaces: The Politics of Intolerance on Campus (Film Review)


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Antonov An-28 1969 Year 1/144 Scale Plastic Model Kit Amodel 1457
Theme: Airplanes
Scale : 1/144
Decrease quantity for Antonov An-28 1969 Year 1/144 Scale Plastic Model Kit Amodel 1457
Increase quantity for Antonov An-28 1969 Year 1/144 Scale Plastic Model Kit Amodel 1457
The Antonov An-28 (NATO reporting name Cash) is a twin-engined light turboprop transport aircraft developed from the Antonov An-14M. It was the winner of a competition against the Beriev Be-30, for use by Aeroflot as a short-range airliner. It first flew in 1969. A total of 191 were built and 16 remain in airline service as at August 2015.After a short pre-production series built by Antonov, it was license-built in Poland by PZL-Mielec. In 1993, PZL-Mielec developed its own improved variant, the PZL M28 Skytruck.
The An-28 is similar to the An-14 in many aspects, including its wing structure and twin rudders, but features an expanded fuselage and turboprop engines, in place of the An-14's piston engines. The An-28 first flew as a modified An-14 in 1969. The next preproduction model did not fly until 1975. In passenger carrying configuration, accommodation was provided for up to 15 people, in addition to the two-man crew.Production was transferred to PZL-Mielec in 1978. The first Polish-built aircraft did not fly until 1984. The An-28 finally received its Soviet type certificate in 1986.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Since 9/11, headlines focussing on Islamic extremism have hidden the story of radical change and intense soul searching in many Muslim countries.
But now, in an epic journey celebrated British Muslim writer Ziauddin Sardar travels to five leading Muslim countries to reveal how heads of government, intellectuals and opinion formers are seeking a new interpretation of Islam.
Zia travels to Pakistan, Indonesia, Malaysia, Morocco and Turkey to see how changes there are affecting the lives of ordinary Muslims.
He examines whether these changes are taking millions of Muslims into a future where they can co-exist peaceably with non Islamic countries, and assesses the ever present threat from extremists.
Zia return to his native Pakistan, to find out how today's Pakistanis are fighting for moderation and democracy.
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This service is part of the BBC Download Trial and we'd appreciate your feedback.
Can the demands of secular governance co-exist with an Islamic leadership?


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trans-america.ca
Justice to his calling, or to attempt any of the operations that today will are of frequent occurrence, and which sometimes border on the miraculous. In theory it should be contraindicated, at least if cancer is regarded as a general disease: 50. The come-back took possession of us: 100.
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Trazodone - the scalp, forehead, cheek, and jaw muscles of the recumbent patient were passively moved by the physician, and this was continued until wrinkling diminished or disappeared and muscular spasm was eliminated. The latter seems in to be the favourite theory. On similar conditions the board last year made a grant establish schools for the training of public health such schools existed at present it seemed clear that they should be established in one or two centers, such as New York and Boston, at least, in connection with the medical and engineering departments of universities, and co-operating through field work with buy city and State health departments. The first symptom was vomiting, online which soon became faecal in character, although there was very little pain and no other signs of intestinal obstruction. "The clarification of lecithin solution by saponin' is "100mg" a process which has no analogy in colloid chemistry." In making this assertion it seems to me the authors ignore, or are ignorant of, some".VcordinK to Professor Palladino (Moscaii Berichle der deiilschen faculty they have of combinins with the most varied suhhtances.
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Musca patersoni är en tvåvingeart som beskrevs av Zielke 1971. Musca patersoni ingår i släktet Musca och familjen husflugor. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

Källor

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patersoni

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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womensboxingclub
Centre of Attention
Fire in the Ring 2
Hallo-Queens
Hooks On Heels
Working Alongside
NIKE (M) COMMERCIAL
BBC ONE IDENT
WOMAN IN SPORTS AWARD 2021
SPORTING INITIATIVE OF THE YEAR 2019
CLUB OF THE YEAR 2019
COMMUNITY CLUB OF THE YEAR 2018
VOTED NUMBER 1
"These tough Brummie lasses make BoxNation proud" (BoxNation)
Introducing WBC Women's Boxing Club.
When Nicola Adams became the first woman to box in the Olympics London 2012 for GB, she won the gold medal. At the same Olympics Ireland's Katie Taylor made History by winning Gold. Making her the greatest sports woman ever in Ireland. 1 olympic Gold, 5 World Amateur championships Gold, 6 European Golds and 5 European Union Amateur Golds. Since then, there has been a rise of women getting more involved in the sport. And why should there not be, anyone can box and that's what we at WBC promote.
Jason Lowe and Mav Akram set up WBC in November 2014. They now continue to run this at Community Aero Kick gym in Digbeth, Birmingham. WBC is a 6 time award winning club, in April 2015 the club was 'Voted Number One' by Box Nation, in September 2016 won 'Club of the Year' at The Birmingham Sports Awards, in November 2018 won 'Community Club of the Year' by Sport Birmingham, in June 2019 won 'Club of the Year, by Birmingham Prestige Awards, in 2019 won 'Sporting Initiative of the Year by Birmingham Awards and in 2021 Mav was crowned winner of Woman in Sports Awards by Muslim Women Awards. The Club has in the 7 year period of operating been boosted by over 50 world champions such as Katie Taylor, Nigel Benn, Joe Calzaghe, Ray Mancini and Anthony Joshua.
WBC w as set up as a platform to get women more involved with boxing and keeping fit.
It's all about every individual woman who attends, you get the opportunity to lose weight, keep fit and have fun. You set yourself realistic goals with an amazing sense of achievement. We are a motivational and empowering boxing club.
If you box you are a risk taker. If you are a woman and you box you are a risk taker and a rule breaker. Boxing is like a victorious repossession of strength for a woman, a more mature claim to womanhood. Who says high heels and a deadly left hook are contradictory?
Jason Lowe - Mav Akram
WBC Women's Boxing Club
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Home Environment Encyclopedias almanacs transcripts and maps Micrognathozoa (Jaw Animals)
Micrognathozoa (Jaw Animals)
Grzimek's Animal Life Encyclopedia
(Jaw animals)
Phylum Micrognathozoa
Number of families 1
Thumbnail description
Microscopic animal group with one described species, Limnognathia maerski, characterized by the presence of intracellular plates in the dorsal and lateral epidermis; the ventral epidermis is covered with frontal and ventral ciliation (ciliophores); sensory structures consist of serially arranged tactile bristles; the digestive system has a highly complex jaw apparatus, a simple midgut, and a dorsal, periodically functioning anus
Micrognathozoa contains only a single species, Limnognathia maerski, which was discovered in 1994 but first described in 2000 by R. M. Kristensen and P. Funch. It was cited as a new class, but owing to its numerous unique character traits, it could not be assigned to any known phylum. The special morphological features of its integument and the presence of a complex jaw apparatus, however, pointed toward a close relationship with the Rotifera, and Micrognathozoa therefore were assigned to the superphylum Gnathifera (that is, "those that possess jaws"), which, besides the Rotifera, contains the phyla Gnathostomulida (jaw worms) and Acanthocephala (thorny-headed worms). The phylum Micrognathozoa contains one class, Micrognathozoa; one order, Limnognathida; and one family, Limnognathiidae.
The taxonomy for this species is Limnognathia maerski Kristensen and Funch, 2000, Disko Island, Greenland.
Limnognathia maerski is a microscopic, acoelomate animal that ranges in size from 0.004 to 0.006 in (100–150 µm). Its body is divided into a head, an accordion-like thorax, and an abdomen. The dorsal and lateral parts of the integument have no ciliation, except scattered sensory bristles that are made up of joined cilia. The epidermis consists of several epidermal plates, and each plate is made up of two to four epidermal cells. It lacks a true cuticle, and the only cover is a very thin glycocalyx. Instead of an extracellular cuticle, it has a filamentous intracellular lamina that helps make the integument stiffer. Most of the ventral part of the integument lacks both cuticle and the intracellular lamina; instead, it has a much thicker extracellular glycocalyx. It does have one large cuticular area, called the oral plate, posterior to the mouth opening. Most of the ventral side is covered with cilia that are arranged in four distinct groups.
The frontal part of the head has bands of cilia that beat metachronously (using coordinated waves) and resemble those found in Rotifera and various protostome larvae. On each side of the oral plate there are four groups of cilia. The cilia in each group beat in unison, and all cilia arise from a single cell, a so-called ciliophore. The ventral side of the thorax and abdomen is covered by a dense mat of cilia that arise from a double row of ciliophores. The fourth group of cilia is located on the caudal part of the abdomen and is formed by cilia that arise from an adhesive pad that consists of ten cells.
The mouth is located ventrally, anterior to the oral plate, and leads to the pharynx, which contains a highly complex jaw apparatus. It consist of several independent elements that are interconnected by ligaments and fine, cross-striated muscles. The central part of the jaws consists of the large main jaws that anteriorly form a pair of forceps with long teeth. A pair of large droplet-shaped elements, the fibularia, are located lateral to the main jaws, and two cuticular bridges, named the reinforced web, connect the anterior parts of the fibularium with the forceps of the main jaw. A pair of rodshaped elements with distal teeth is located on the dorsal side of the fibularium. These elements are called the dorsal jaws. A cuticular membrane covers the ventral side of the main jaw and fibularium, and ventrally on this membrane other elements are present, including the oral lamellae, the ventral jaws and the basal plates. If the jaw elements are investigated with scanning or transmission electron microscopy, they can be seen to be composed of extremely fine, rodlike fibrillae, and this is identical to the ultrastructure in the jaws of Rotifera (wheel animalcules) and Gnathostomulida (jaw worms), hence supporting a close relationship between these groups.
A short esophagus leads to the gut and then to the rectum. A normal, permanent anus apparently is lacking. Instead, the rectum gradually narrows and at its terminus, near the integument, is blocked by an anal plate. The anal plate has a pair of small muscles, which suggests that it can be moved so that the anus becomes periodically functional. However, defecation has never been observed. Two pairs of protonephridia control excretion and maintenance of osmotic balance. The protonephridial terminal cells are monociliated, contrary to all other ciliated cells in L. maerski.
Micrognathozoans have a bipolar distribution. Limnognathia maerski was found in the cold Isunngua spring at the bay of Aqajarua (Muddy Bay) on the northeastern part of Disko Island, western Greenland, in the summer of 1994. Since its discovery, several hundred specimens have been collected from this spring, but recordings from nearby springs are very few. Three specimens from a collection made in 1979 from a spring close to Lymnaea Lake in the valley of Sullorsuaq/Kvandalen (Angelica Valley) were rediscovered in 1995. Lymnaea Lake is located about 10.5 mi (17 km) from the Isunngua spring. In 1997 the species was collected from different freshwater bodies on the Crozet Islands, located between Africa and Australia, 1,500 mi (2,400 km) north of Antarctica. It has not been determined how the species has this peculiar distribution, but one explanation could be that L. maerski has very narrowly defined demands in terms of habitat and climate and that such localities still are poorly investigated. The search for L. maerski has been intense in all kinds of homothermic springs (those with a constant temperature throughout the year) as well as heterothermic springs (those that may freeze in the winter) throughout the world, without any further findings.
Limnognathia maerski lives in mosses in running or stagnant freshwater, but it also may inhabit sandy bottom sediments. Knowledge of its ecology is extremely limited, but the distribution suggests that it prefers low-temperature waters. On Disko Island it has been found only in cold springs that often are frozen for seven to eight months of the year. The adult animals cannot survive freezing, but it is likely that their thick-shelled resting eggs (see Reproductive biology) can tolerate such extreme conditions. Interestingly, Disko Island has more than a thousand homothermic springs that maintain a constant temperature throughout the year and therefore also run during the winter, but L. maerski clearly avoids this kind of spring, which suggests that the deep-frozen period is important for its life cycle.
When L. maerski moves, it either crawls or swims. While swimming, it moves slowly in a characteristic spiral, which makes it easy to distinguish from other microinvertebrates. The swimming motion is created by the ventral trunk ciliophores; hence, the ciliary bands in the head are not involved in locomotion. When crawling, it also uses ventral ciliophores and glides slowly on the substratum. This slow gliding very much resembles the movement of chaetonotid gastrotrichs
and the microscopic polychaete Diurodrilus. If a crawling individual is disturbed, it stops and adheres strongly to the sub-stratum with the ventral adhesive pad.
Feeding ecology and diet
Limnognathia maerski feeds on bacteria, blue-green algae, and diatoms. During the search for food the head moves slowly from side to side while the ciliary bands on the head beat food particles toward the mouth. When a food item reaches the mouth, it is quickly grabbed by the ventral jaws, dragged into the pharynx, and processed by the main jaws. The species appears to be highly selective in its food choice; if it by accident grabs and swallows an unwanted item, it quickly rejects it. Following its characteristic "vomit behavior," it lifts the forehead to a vertical position that pushes the whole jaw apparatus out of the mouth; while the animal stands in this position, the swallowed item is ejected.
Even though L. maerski has been sampled frequently throughout the short Arctic summer over the course of several years, male individuals have never been seen, and it is certain that reproduction is based on parthenogenesis, at least in part. The female reproductive system is rather simple and comprises a pair of ovaries. The ovaries consist mostly of oocytes, and yolk appears to be produced inside each developing egg from small molecules that diffuse through the thin shell. Oviposition can be provoked by pricking the animal gently with a thin needle or by increasing the temperature by a few degrees. The egg is laid through a small pore posterior to the ventral adhesive pad.
Limnognathia maerski is capable of producing two kinds of eggs: a thin-shelled type and a type with a much thicker, sculptured shell. The latter egg resembles the resting eggs that are produced during the sexual phase of the reproductive cycle of monogonont rotifers. If the micrognathozoan cycle can be compared to the rotiferan one, it would suggest that the thin-shelled eggs are products of asexual parthenogenetic reproduction, whereas sexual reproduction is involved in the formation of the sculptured type. Hence, males could be present, at least periodically. One possibility is that L. maerski, like rotifers, produces dwarf males that live only for a very short period and therefore have not yet been found. Another possibility is that Micrognathozoa are protandric hermaphrodites, which means that the animals hatch as males and then quickly develop into females. Both solutions are purely hypothetical.
The type locality of L. maerski is protected by the international wetlands convention (RAMSAR site). Both the bay of Aqajarua and the valley of Sullorsuaq, with the many eutrophic lakes, are important as feeding sites for numerous species of Arctic birds.
Significance to humans
Funch, Peter, and Reinhardt M. Kristensen. "Coda: The Micrognathozoa—a New Class or Phylum of Freshwater Meiofauna?" In Freshwater Meiofauna: Biology and Ecology, edited by S. D. Rundle, A. L. Robertson, and J. M. Schmid-Araya. Leiden, The Netherlands: Backhuys Publishers, 2002.
Ahlrichs, W. H. "Epidermal Ultrastructure of Seison nebaliae and Seison annulatus, and a Comparison of Epidermal Structures within the Gnathifera." Zoomorphology 117 (1997): 41–48.
De Smet, Willem H. "A New Record of Limnognathia maerski Kristensen & Funch, 2000 (Micrognathozoa) from the Subantarctic Crozet Islands, with Redescription of the Trophi." Journal of Zoology (London) 258 (2002): 381–393.
Kristensen, Reinhardt M. "An Introduction to Loricifera, Cycliophora, and Micrognathozoa." Integrative and Comparative Biology 42 no. 3 (June 2002): 641–651.
Kristensen, Reinhardt M., and Peter Funch. "Micrognathozoa: A New Class with Complicated Jaws like Those of Rotifera and Gnathostomulida." Journal of Morphology 246, no. 1 (October 2000): 1–49.
Sørensen, M. V. "Further Structures in the Jaw Apparatus of Limnognathia maerski (Micrognathozoa), with Notes on the Phylogeny of the Gnathifera." Journal of Morphology 255, no. 2 (February 2003): 131–145.
Martin Vinther Sørensen, PhD
Reinhardt Møbjerg Kristensen, PhD
"Micrognathozoa (Jaw Animals)." Grzimek's Animal Life Encyclopedia. . Encyclopedia.com. 19 Jul. 2019 <https://www.encyclopedia.com>.
"Micrognathozoa (Jaw Animals)." Grzimek's Animal Life Encyclopedia. . Encyclopedia.com. (July 19, 2019). https://www.encyclopedia.com/environment/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/micrognathozoa-jaw-animals
"Micrognathozoa (Jaw Animals)." Grzimek's Animal Life Encyclopedia. . Retrieved July 19, 2019 from Encyclopedia.com: https://www.encyclopedia.com/environment/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/micrognathozoa-jaw-animals


text:
import os
import sys
import time
import torch
import argparse
import numpy as np
import torch
import torch.backends.cudnn as cudnn
import torch.nn as nn
import torch.nn.functional as F
import torchvision.models as models
import matplotlib
matplotlib.use('Agg')

from torch.autograd import Variable
from torch.utils import data

from ptsemseg.models import get_model
from ptsemseg.loader import get_loader, get_data_path
from ptsemseg.loss import cross_entropy2d
from ptsemseg.metrics import scores
from ptsemseg.utils import AverageMeter
from ptsemseg.loggers import Logger, savefig
from ptsemseg.models.utils import save_checkpoint, adjust_learning_rate
from lr_scheduling import *

sys.path.append("/data5/huangzh/sea-torch/pose/progress")
from progress.bar import Bar as Bar

best_acc = 0

def main(args):
    global best_acc

    # Setup Dataloader
    data_loader = get_loader(args.dataset)
    data_path = get_data_path(args.dataset)
    train_loader = data_loader(
        data_path,
        'train',
        is_transform=True,
        img_size=(args.img_rows, args.img_cols))
    val_loader = data_loader(
        data_path,
        'val',
        is_transform=True,
        img_size=(args.img_rows, args.img_cols))
    n_classes = train_loader.n_classes
    trainloader = data.DataLoader(
        train_loader, batch_size=args.batch_size, num_workers=4, shuffle=True)
    valloader = data.DataLoader(
        val_loader, batch_size=args.batch_size, num_workers=4, shuffle=True)

    if not os.path.isdir(args.checkpoint):
        os.makedirs(args.checkpoint)

    title = args.dataset + '-' + args.arch
    print("Create model {}-{}".format(args.arch, args.dataset))
    model = get_model(args.arch, n_classes, se=args.se)
    # optimizer = torch.optim.SGD(
    #     model.parameters(), lr=args.l_rate, momentum=0.99, weight_decay=5e-4)
    optimizer = torch.optim.Adam(model.parameters(), lr=args.l_rate)
    #, momentum=args.momentum, weight_decay=args.weight_decay)

    if args.resume:
        if os.path.isfile(args.resume):
            print("=> loading checkpoint '{}'".format(args.resume))
            checkpoint = torch.load(args.resume)
            args.start_epoch = checkpoint['epoch']
            best_acc = checkpoint['best_acc']
            model.load_state_dict(checkpoint['state_dict'])
            optimizer.load_state_dict(checkpoint['optimizer'])
            print("=> loaded checkpoint '{}' (epoch {})".format(
                args.resume, checkpoint['epoch']))
            # logger = Logger(
            #     os.path.join(args.checkpoint, 'log.txt'), title=title, resume=True)
        else:
            print("=> no checkpoint found at '{}'".format(args.resume))

    if torch.cuda.is_available():
        model.cuda(0)

    logger = Logger(os.path.join(args.checkpoint, 'log.txt'), title=title)
    logger.set_names(
        ['Epoch', 'LR', 'Train Loss', 'Val Loss', 'Train MIOU', 'Val MIOU'])

    cudnn.benchmark = True
    print('Total params: %.2f M' % (sum(p.numel() for p in model.parameters()) /
                                    (1024 * 1024)))

    if args.evaluate:
        print('Evaluation only')
        score, class_iou = validate(valloader, model, cross_entropy2d,
                                    n_classes, args.flip)
        return

    lr = args.l_rate
    for epoch in range(args.n_epoch):

        lr = adjust_learning_rate(optimizer, epoch, lr, args.schedule,
                                  args.gamma)
        print('Epoch: %d | LR: %.8f' % (epoch + 1, lr))
        train_loss, train_acc = train(trainloader, model, cross_entropy2d,
                                      optimizer, n_classes, args.flip)
        valid_loss, valid_acc = validate(valloader, model, cross_entropy2d,
                                         n_classes, args.flip)

        logger.append(
            [epoch + 1, lr, train_loss, valid_loss, train_acc, valid_acc])

        is_best = valid_acc > best_acc
        best_acc = max(valid_acc, best_acc)
        save_checkpoint(
            {
                'epoch': epoch + 1,
                'arch': args.arch,
                'state_dict': model.state_dict(),
                'best_acc': best_acc,
                'optimizer': optimizer.state_dict()
            },
            is_best,
            checkpoint=args.checkpoint)
    logger.close()
    logger.plot(['Train MIOU', 'Val MIOU'])
    savefig(os.path.join(args.checkpoint, 'log.eps'))

def train(trainloader, model, criterion, optimizer, num_classes=3, flip=True):
    data_time = AverageMeter()
    batch_time = AverageMeter()
    losses = AverageMeter()
    acces = AverageMeter()
    model.train()
    end = time.time()

    bar = Bar('Processing', max=len(trainloader))
    for i, (images, labels) in enumerate(trainloader):
        data_time.update(time.time() - end)
        if torch.cuda.is_available():
            images = Variable(images.cuda(0))
            labels = Variable(labels.cuda(0))
        else:
            images = Variable(images)
            labels = Variable(labels)

        outputs = model(images)

        if flip:
            flip_images_var = Variable(
                torch.from_numpy(fliplr(images.clone().numpy())).float()
                .cuda(0))
            flip_outputs_var = model(flip_images_var)
            flip_outputs_var = flip_back(flip_outputs_var.data.cpu())

        # weight = torch.cuda.FloatTensor([0.1, 0.5, 0.4])
        weight = None
        loss = criterion(outputs, labels, weight)

        pred = np.squeeze(outputs.data.max(1)[1].cpu().numpy(), axis=1)
        gt = labels.data.cpu().numpy()

        score, class_iou = scores(gt, pred, num_classes)
        acc = score['Mean IoU : \t']

        losses.update(loss.data[0], images.size(0))
        acces.update(acc, images.size(0))

        optimizer.zero_grad()
        loss.backward()
        optimizer.step()

        batch_time.update(time.time() - end)
        end = time.time()

        bar.suffix = '({batch}/{size}) Data: {data:.6f}s | Batch: {bt:.3f}s | Total: {total:} | ETA: {eta:} | Loss: {loss:.4f} | Acc: {acc: .4f}'.format(
            batch=i + 1,
            size=len(trainloader),
            data=data_time.val,
            bt=batch_time.val,
            total=bar.elapsed_td,
            eta=bar.eta_td,
            loss=losses.avg,
            acc=acces.avg)
        bar.next()

    bar.finish()

    # test_output = model(test_image)
    # predicted = train_loader.decode_segmap(test_output[0].cpu().data.numpy().argmax(0))
    # target = train_loader.decode_segmap(test_segmap.numpy())

    # vis.image(test_image[0].cpu().data.numpy(), opts=dict(title='Input' + str(epoch)))
    # vis.image(np.transpose(target, [2,0,1]), opts=dict(title='GT' + str(epoch)))
    # vis.image(np.transpose(predicted, [2,0,1]), opts=dict(title='Predicted' + str(epoch)))
    # if not os.path.exists('checkpoints'):
    #     os.makedirs('checkpoints')
    # torch.save(model, "checkpoints/{}_{}_{}_{}.pkl".format(args.arch, args.dataset, args.feature_scale, epoch))
    return losses.avg, acces.avg

def validate(valloader, model, criterion, num_classes, flip=True):
    data_time = AverageMeter()
    batch_time = AverageMeter()
    losses = AverageMeter()
    acces = AverageMeter()
    model.eval()

    end = time.time()

    bar = Bar('Processing', max=len(valloader))
    gts, preds = [], []
    for i, (images, labels) in enumerate(valloader):
        data_time.update(time.time() - end)
        if torch.cuda.is_available():
            images = Variable(images.cuda(0), volatile=True)
            labels = Variable(labels.cuda(0), volatile=True)
        else:
            images = Variable(images)
            labels = Variable(labels)

        outputs = model(images)

        if flip:
            flip_images_var = Variable(
                torch.from_numpy(fliplr(images.clone().numpy())).float()
                .cuda(0))
            flip_outputs_var = model(flip_images_var)
            flip_outputs_var = flip_back(flip_outputs_var.data.cpu())

        # weight = torch.cuda.FloatTensor([0.1, 0.5, 0.4])
        weight = None
        loss = criterion(outputs, labels, weight)

        pred = np.squeeze(outputs.data.max(1)[1].cpu().numpy(), axis=1)
        gt = labels.data.cpu().numpy()

        for gt_, pred_ in zip(gt, pred):
            gts.append(gt_)
            preds.append(pred_)

        score, class_iou = scores(gt, pred, num_classes)
        acc = score['Mean IoU : \t']

        losses.update(loss.data[0], images.size(0))
        acces.update(acc, images.size(0))

        batch_time.update(time.time() - end)
        end = time.time()

        bar.suffix = '({batch}/{size}) Data: {data:.6f}s | Batch: {bt:.3f}s | Total: {total:} | ETA: {eta:} | Loss: {loss:.4f} | Acc: {acc: .4f}'.format(
            batch=i + 1,
            size=len(valloader),
            data=data_time.val,
            bt=batch_time.val,
            total=bar.elapsed_td,
            eta=bar.eta_td,
            loss=losses.avg,
            acc=acces.avg)
        bar.next()

    bar.finish()

    score, class_iou = scores(gts, preds, n_class=3)

    for k, v in score.items():
        print k, v

    for i in range(num_classes):
        print i, class_iou[i]
    return losses.avg, acces.avg

if __name__ == '__main__':
    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description='Hyperparams')
    parser.add_argument('--resume', type=str, default='', help='the model path')
    parser.add_argument(
        '-a',
        '--arch',
        nargs='?',
        type=str,
        default='segnet',
        help='Architecture to use [\'fcn8s, unet, segnet etc\']')
    parser.add_argument(
        '-d',
        '--dataset',
        nargs='?',
        type=str,
        default='ustc',
        help='Dataset to use [\'pascal, camvid, ade20k etc\']')
    parser.add_argument(
        '--img_rows',
        nargs='?',
        type=int,
        default=300,
        help='Height of the input image')
    parser.add_argument(
        '--img_cols',
        nargs='?',
        type=int,
        default=500,
        help='Height of the input image')
    parser.add_argument(
        '-n',
        '--n_epoch',
        nargs='?',
        type=int,
        default=100,
        help='# of the epochs')
    parser.add_argument(
        '-b', '--batch_size', nargs='?', type=int, default=8, help='Batch Size')
    parser.add_argument(
        '--l_rate', nargs='?', type=float, default=0.001, help='Learning Rate')
    parser.add_argument(
        '--feature_scale',
        nargs='?',
        type=int,
        default=1,
        help='Divider for # of features to use')
    parser.add_argument(
        '--schedule',
        type=int,
        nargs='+',
        default=[60, 90],
        help='Decrease learning rate at these epochs.')
    parser.add_argument(
        '--gamma',
        type=float,
        default=0.1,
        help='LR is multiplied by gamma on schedule.')
    parser.add_argument(
        '-f',
        '--flip',
        dest='flip',
        action='store_true',
        help='flip the input during validation')
    parser.add_argument(
        '-c',
        '--checkpoint',
        default='checkpoints',
        type=str,
        metavar='PATH',
        help='path to save checkpoint (default: checkpoint)')
    parser.add_argument(
        '-e',
        '--evaluate',
        dest='evaluate',
        action='store_true',
        help='evaluate model on validation set')
    parser.add_argument('--se', action='store_true', help="has SE units or not")
    parser.add_argument(
        '-i',
        '--img_path',
        nargs='?',
        type=str,
        default=None,
        help='Path of the input image')
    parser.add_argument(
        '-o',
        '--out_path',
        nargs='?',
        type=str,
        default=None,
        help='Path of the output segmap')
    args = parser.parse_args()
    main(args)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Faculty and departments are asked to submit their Summer/Fall term textbook adoptions at http://www.textadoption.ufl.edu by March 27, 2005.
The posting of textbook requirements by this deadline helps students, as well as the local bookstores. Students can view course textbook requirements during registration on ISIS. This information helps students balance their course loads based on reading requirements and plan for their financial needs for purchasing books. Bookstores can begin the ordering process to ensure timely arrival of texts for these terms. These vendors also learn what texts will be in demand and can provide students with better prices on book buybacks.
UF students have overwhelmingly endorsed the availability of textbook information online and have indicated it aids in course selection.
If you have any questions about the textbook adoption process, please contact the textbook adoption services manager at 392- 0306.


Entertainment.com Coupon Savings Book: How Much Can I Save?
I got myself an entertainment.com Coupon Savings Book the other day at Costco. The book's got a lot of coupons for a lot of restaurants that I have never been to or even heard of. I thought I would use the coupons as an opportunity to visit some new restaurants while saving myself a bit of money. I also thought it might be fun to document my savings from the coupons with an ongoing series of posts to see how much money I can save. As soon as I got home and skimmed through the book and the website that … Continue reading Entertainment.com Coupon Savings Book: How Much Can I Save?


Ricca Terra Customers - Ricca Terra Farms. Consulting. Vintners.
Time invested in talking, dreaming and drinking good wine around the negotiating table is where the Ricca Terra Farms' visions evolve! The negotiating table is where we 'break the bread' and spend time with our valued customers. Get to know our customers by visiting their websites below.


The placement of the FDD connector is just not on really. There are 2 connectors for adjustable and 1 for unadjustable connection of fans. Argy, 'Poke Her Flat': In all honesty, the physical placement of some of the connectors is just plain bad. Find other tech and computer products like this over at Amazon UK's website.
The big changes come in with chaintecch new 3-controller 6 port USB 2. Like other models of the Apogee series, this board provides apogse wide range of settings, a nonstandard accessory pack and can be recommended for those who love squeezing out everything appgee their boards. Chaintech 7vjl apogee possibly deluxe – Help I have the board at X Another interesting feature is the Body Theater sound set that Chaintech has included.
The Power connector is extremely well placed; it is right in the upper right hand corner keeping the ATX cables well away from the CPU.
In all honesty, the physical placement of some of the connectors is just plain bad. One more model of the Apogee series fully conform to the specifications of the series, i. Please visit HWZ for the latest reviews and news. Subscribe to our Newsletter.
BioShock Infinite and Metro: The 3-channel switching voltage regulator incorporates 8 capacitors of uF and 3 of uF. With its thick plastic arms and strongly engineered hinges, the PortaGrip car mount won't be easily dislodged from a windshield or broken in the automotive environment.
This is definitely a super addition as it eliminates those old bulky looking flat IDE cables. Adjustment can be carried out with: Well it's this simple. Misc by Wayne Cunningham Aug 26, Misc by Antuan Goodwin Apr 25, Chaintech has taken the smart Road when it comes to onboard sound. Results 1 to 5 of 5.
These ports connect to the front Audio header located on the motherboard. Find other tech and computer products like this over at Amazon Canada's website. Argy can move a dance floor of sweaty bodies with house music without resorting to the hands-in-the-air syncopated beats that often have wailing house divas behind them. However, once in a blue moon, we receive products that are totally more 7vj, just the motherboard alone. This is an old archive page of HWZ prior to revamp.
Be respectful, keep it civil and stay on topic. By the heading you are probably wondering what we mean by today meets tomorrow. Placing it down the bottom of the right of the board means you need an extremely long FDD cable if your 3. Misc by Wayne Cunningham Apr 7, Introduction Looking through the vast selections of motherboards available in the market today, it is really difficult to make a clear decision over a certain product as all of them almost always come with the chaibtech set of features.
The specifications of the board is shown in the table below. One of the most interesting things was the inclusion of rounded IDE cables.
I will try the c mos reset jumper again both positions just to be sure. Do you think a newer more powerful supply might cure the bios issue.
Video 3Digests Video cards: The placement of the FDD connector is just not on really.


Two digital health technologies commercialized through Wake Forest Innovations will be featured at the upcoming CED Tech Venture Conference in Raleigh, N.C., on September 19-20.
The HEART Pathway, a digital app that helps health care providers more effectively assess which patients presenting with chest pain can be safely discharged, was developed by Wake Forest School of Medicine faculty Simon Mahler, M.D., associate professor of emergency medicine and Iltifat Husain, M.D., assistant professor of emergency medicine. The technology was licensed by Wake Forest Innovations last year into a new spin-out company, Impathiq. Impathiq is one of 13 companies that will showcase from the main stage at CED Tech Venture Conference on Sep. 19.
COMPASS-CP, an EMR-integrated digital application for medical conditions like stroke, allows health care providers to generate patient-centered care plans based on social and functional determinants of the individual's health at the point of care.
Developed by lead inventor Pamela W. Duncan, Ph.D., and a team of researchers in Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center's neurology department, COMPASS-CP was selected for the CED Tech Venture Conference Demo Room for one-on-one networking and in-person display.
The CED Tech Venture Conference attracts a diverse group of attendees from around the nation, including entrepreneurs leading high-growth companies, investors, corporate leaders, nationally recognized industry leaders and tech enthusiasts.
"These two technologies licensed by Wake Forest Innovations are perfect representations of our mission to improve health through collaborative innovation," said Jeff Brennan, vice president, technology innovation & commercialization at Wake Forest Innovations. "Showcasing these technologies at the CED Tech Venture Conference is a vital step in getting them closer to the market where they can ultimately improve patient outcomes.


In order for a classic web page to respond to a users input, an HTTP request needs to be sent to the server. The server processes the input and replies with an HTML page. Thus the entire page needs to be reloaded in order to provide a response to the user. This request/reply model can be tedious for a user. Ajax proposes a different model.Using the Ajax method a script can send asynchronous HTTP requests from the browser to the server. The script is notified when the response arrives at the browser, and can process the response. Units of data can be requested and processed without the user being disrupted by a complete page refresh. Garrett provides a graphical depiction of the Ajax model in the following image.


You require the same skills to be an effective and lead effectively. Use the above advice to become a better leader.
Make sure that you let everyone know what the team's vision for your group. Use your mission as a guide and incorporate company values into everyday life. This will build rapport with your team as a solid direction.
Do whatever it takes to make work more simple when you're a leader. Focus on the important things that are most important. Start setting priorities then. Try to simplify things as much as you're able to.
Be concise and succinct when giving direction to your employees. You must be able to communicate to them how you want things done and what expectations you have. Also, an open door policy ensures staff members can also voice their concerns and also ask for advice.
Honesty is important characteristic to have as a great leader. A leader should be trustworthy. When people are ware that they can rely and trust you, you will gain respect.
Being decisive is a good way to sharpen your leadership. Because you're leading others, you have to make a lot of decisions. If you have a team that is giving many different ideas on how to fix problems, it is your job to make the right decision.
Ethics plays a major part in any business. Customers will keep coming back if they know you care about them.By having a code of ethics within your company, your rules will start to be followed by people.
Being decisive is a necessary leadership skill. Since you are in charge, many decisions may be totally up to you. You need to mediate between your employees if they have different views on solutions.
Tenacity is key when you are important skills for great leader. When issues arise, your subordinates will expect you to set the tone. You should focus on accomplishing the goal whatever obstacles you face. Your tenacity and persistence will help inspire your team to keep moving.
Don't pretend that you know it all when you want to improve your skills. You might think you are perfect, but remember that others around you also have ideas to contribute. They can add to your plans or identify issues that may arise during implementation of them.
Set goals for the entire company. Everyone enjoys working towards a goal, and leaders try positioning yearly goals for their team. Don't just set them up and let them vanish during the year. Hold monthly meeting to see if your team is on track to reach the desired goal.
Always adhere to high ethical standards when handling customers and employees. Instill a strong code of ethics in your employees and follow that code yourself. When customers know that you have their best interests at heart, they will be faithful to your company. If you set moral standards for your employees, they will follow the rules.
Even excellent leaders make errors. A good leader would be able to admit to mistakes and speak about them honestly with his employees. It shows that you know you're a flawed human just like everybody else.
Those below you will surely judge the choices you by your decision making. They way you mete out responsibility, and who you are promoting, hiring and firing.
Hire a diverse group of people to help your business grow. Don't have a bunch of people who are exactly like you. This will make innovation in your business. It might also lead to a business that fails based on your weaknesses.
Tenacity is key to becoming a great leader. When problems arise, the entire team will look to you to gauge their own reactions. You should focus on accomplishing the goal whatever obstacles stand in the way. Your team will be motivated by your persistence.
Leadership doesn't just mean that you should follow a vision and your manner. You also present yourself using words.If your writing is sloppy and filled with misspellings and bad grammar, it's hard for others to take their leader seriously. Keep this in mind and be careful on how and what you need to write something.
It is necessary for a leader to communicate well with those they employ. Make sure your team what is expected of them and understands all instructions. Check on your project is going in the plan.
You should always show confidence and confident when interacting with others. Never conflate self-assurances with arrogance, instead it should be confidence.Sincerity will be the bricks with which you build your co-workers. Insincerity is obvious to other people so make a habit of being honest and sincere when you talk to them.
Do everything you can to be approachable. Intimidation is not a good characteristic in a leader. Some think leading with fear is the only way. That is not the right path, and you will be loathe to find success that way. Communicate your availability to help employees sort through difficult issues and obstacles in their jobs.
In order to be a great leader of a team you need to have a certain skill set. No matter if you run a large company or a small firm, smart leadership is critical to the success of any business. Apply the tips you just read and give yourself enough time to practice your new leadership skills.


text:
Hannah Flowers
Homebase:St. Paul, MNGenre:Traditional Irish
Date:Fri, August 16, 2019
Stage:The Shanley Foundation Harp Stage
Hannah Flowers is a traditional singer and harpist from St. Paul, Minnesota. Known for her sensitive and lyrical accompaniment of songs as well as her syncopated and rhythmic accompaniment of dance tunes, Hannah enjoys exploring the full depth of traditional Irish music and song. Her passion is accompanying herself on the harp while singing traditional songs, especially songs in the Irish language.
Apart from being an active performer on lever harp and as a singer, Hannah is a sought after harp and song teacher privately and at the Center for Irish Music, a non-profit community music school dedicated to handing down the tradition. She recently released her debut solo harp and song album "Amhrán na Cruite/Song of the Harp."
Website:http://hannahflowersharp.com/
Facebook:https://www.facebook.com/harpisthannah/
Twitter:http://@HFlowersHarp
Instagram:https://www.instagram.com/hannahflowersharp/
YouTube:https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCAaMYHvTowu3acVNnlX3q_w


text:
Shankill Road (in irlandese: Bóthar na Seanchille,  che significa "vecchia chiesa") è una strada centrale a Belfast. Ha preso il nome dall'area protestante-britannica The Shankill, una delle roccaforti degli unionisti che sostengono l'appartenenza dell'Irlanda del Nord al Regno Unito (vedi conflitto nordirlandese).

Storia
I primi abitanti della zona si stabilirono in una forte ad anello alla confluenza dei fiumi Ballygomartin e Forth. Shankill Road risale a un antico collegamento tra le contee di Antrim e Down e prese il nome nel 1831; il nome The Shankill è un'anglicizzazione dell'irlandese An tSeanchill, che significa "la vecchia chiesa" - i primi documenti scritti del XIII secolo indicano che il cimitero di Shankill fu la prima chiesa cristiana nell'area più vasta di quella che oggi è Belfast; Secondo la tradizione, San Patrizio fondò la chiesa originaria nel 455 durante un pellegrinaggio al monte Slemish. In questo sito nel medioevo fu edificata una chiesa per la comunità, che giunse fino a Greencastle a nord e Malone a sud, dismessa durante la Riforma e poi rimasta in rovina per tre secoli. Il cimitero stesso è stato il cimitero principale di Belfast per secoli e ha più di 1500 anni. Probabilmente era già usato in epoca precristiana, come suggerisce la Bullaun Stone trovata nel 1855, che era probabilmente usata per i rituali dai druidi celtici. Nel 1869 fu aperto il cimitero cittadino e il cimitero di Shankill perse il suo status. Alcuni personaggi famosi sono sepolti qui, tra cui William Sterling e Isaac Nelson. La più antica lapide esistente risale al 1685.

All'inizio della seconda metà del XIX secolo, Shankill divenne un centro per la produzione di biancheria. Nel 1861 c'erano già 32 mulini, la maggior parte dei quali intorno a Shankill e Falls Road. Inoltre, molte persone erano venute in città per sfuggire alla carestia dal 1845 al 1849. Questi due fattori hanno creato un crescente bisogno di alloggi, che gli industriali del lino hanno incontrato con la costruzione di case a due piani con tre camere da letto, una cucina e servizi igienici in comune. Queste case erano di scarsa qualità; la maggior parte di esse è stata demolita entro 20 anni dalla costruzione. Oltre ai bassi salari industriali, le attività di costruzione non potevano tenere il passo con l'immigrazione e fino a tre famiglie dovevano vivere in una casa. Le persone che venivano a Shankill Road erano per lo più persone della contea di Antrim a nord, mentre Falls Road era popolata da cattolici provenienti da ovest. Questo quartiere ha portato a grandi conflitti nel XX secolo.

Nel 1890, la maggior parte di Shankill fu costruita, in modo da creare l'adiacente quartiere di Woodvale. Woodvale Park è stato inaugurato nel 1888 per fornire spazio aperto ai residenti della densamente popolata Shankill. All'inizio del secolo l'importanza delle industrie meccaniche e navali aumentò; Aziende come il cantiere navale Harland & Wolff hanno offerto ulteriori opportunità di lavoro.

Durante il secondo decennio del XX secolo, molti residenti di Shankill si unirono all'Ulster Volunteer Force per usare mezzi militanti per difendersi contro l'Home rule. L'UVF si unì alla 36th Ulster Division dell'esercito britannico all'inizio della prima guerra mondiale e fu utilizzato come West Belfast 9th Bataillon Royal Irish Rifles nella battaglia della Somme all'inizio di luglio 1916. Dei 760 uomini Shankill che hanno combattuto nel reggimento, solo 76 sono tornati.

Con la crisi economica degli anni '30, la disoccupazione divenne schiacciante. Di conseguenza, gli abitanti di Shankill e Falls Road si incontrarono per la prima e unica volta nell'ottobre 1932 per opporsi al governo dell'epoca. Durante la seconda guerra mondiale, oltre 100 persone furono uccise nel bombardamento notturno dell'aeronautica tedesca, il "Belfast Blitz".

Con la seconda metà del XX secolo è arrivato il declino delle industrie del lino, della costruzione navale e dell'ingegneria meccanica e la conseguente disoccupazione, nonché il conflitto nordirlandese. Negli anni '60, la popolazione di Shankill cadde da 76.000 a 26.000 e fino agli anni '90 furono frequenti i bombardamenti e le sparatorie. Oggi il quartiere è in fase di ampia ristrutturazione, ma rimane un centro dell'unionismo filo-britannico in Irlanda del Nord con marce regolari.

Il Shankill Women's Centre, un'iniziativa educativa per le donne istituita da May Blood, baronesa Blood nel 1987, è situato nella parte inferiore di Shankill.

Note

Bibliografia

Altri progetti

Strade di Belfast


text:
Q: Modeling a multi-channel communication device in C# Background
We (my coworkers and I) are architecting a high level C# API to interact with a hardware device's native Windows DLL.
First I will discuss the hardware-architecture, then get to the software-architecture part.
Main Device
The device has the following components:

*

*Exactly 10 receive channels

*Exactly 4 transmission channels
Receive Channels
There can only the exact specified number of receive channels on the device per the hardware specification (no more no less). The receive channels keep their own buffers as well as various getters/setters for their internal hardware configurations.
I have decided to declare the channels as a public 10 element array inside the "main device" class, for the following reasons:

*

*Whenever new data is received we check the addresses on all channels in the "main device" to know which channel the received data is intended for. This is currently done in a foreach loop which is nice and clean.

*When assigning the properties of the channels I can do so easily by using a foreach loop (again, provides cleanness).

*Need to access the actual object, not just return an instance of the object.

Transmit Channels
I have decided to declare the channels as a public 4 element array inside the "main device" class, for the same reasons as the receive channels.
Problem

*

*The channels are publicly exposed.

*As one of my colleagues has asked, "what if someone enters an invalid index into the array?"

Question
Is the array the proper way of going about this? Is there another way? I am looking for some suggestions on the general architecture.
Reminder: I need to access the channel objects directly, however we go about it.

A: I believe you should keep the amount of channels abstracted:

*

*The amount of channels may vary in the future, e.g. hardware up/downgrade (new devices)

*You may want to reserve some channels in the future, e.g. for out-of-band communications and notifications
The exactness should be kept and ensured in initialization.
You should expose the channels with the least specific type possible, such as IEnumerable<ReceivingChannel> and IEnumerable<TransmittingChannel>.
The MainDevice should expose a way to initialize or manage these collections, you have several non-exclusive options:

*

*Constructor parameters

private List<IReceivingChannel> receivingChannels = new List<IReceivingChannel>();

private List<IReceivingChannel> transmittingChannels = new List<ITransmittingChannel>();

public MainDevice(IEnumerable<IReceivingChannel> receivingChannels,
                  IEnumerable<ITransmittingChannel> transmittingChannels)
{
    this.receivingChannels.AddRange(receivingChannels);
    this.transmittingChannels.AddRange(transmittingChannels);
}

*

*Fluid initialization methods

public MainDevice WithReceivingChannels(IEnumerable<IReceivingChannel> receivingChannels)
{
    this.receivingChannels.AddRange(receivingChannels);
    return this;
}

public MainDevice WithReceivingChannels(params IReceivingChannel[] receivingChannels)
{
    return WithReceivingChannel((IEnumerable<IReceivingChannel>)receivingChannels);
}

public MainDevice WithTransmittingChannels(IEnumerable<ITransmittingChannel> transmittingChannels)
{
    this.transmittingChannels.AddRange(transmittingChannels);
    return this;
}

public MainDevice WithTransmittingChannels(params ITransmittingChannel[] transmittingChannels)
{
    return WithTransmittingChannels((IEnumerable<ITransmittingChannel>)transmittingChannels);
}

Perhaps throw an exception (e.g. InvalidOperationException) in case you use these methods after the object has been first used by actual worker methods.  Or better yet, have these methods in a builder class, where you finally call GetDevice which will create and initialize the device, possibly with dependency injection (I will not discuss DI here.)

*

*Methods
AddReceivingChannel, RemoveReceivingChannel, AddTransmittingChannel, RemoveTransmittingChannel
GetReceivingChannels returning IEnumerable<IReceivingChannel>, or a similar ReceivingChannels property
GetTransmittingChannels returning IEnumerable<ITransmittingChannel>, or a similar TransmittingChannels property
GetReceivingChannelById, GetReceivingChannelByAddress, GetTransmittingChannelById, GetTransmittingChannelByAddress
Don't use settable properties, as that is asking for trouble.  The MainDevice should be the only entity responsible for managing its actual composition.
This way, you may start by using arrays or lists to store the channels, but switch to dictionaries or trees (e.g. SortedDictionary<TKey, TValue>) if accessing them by some key becomes a bottleneck.  And the users of MainDevice are just as happy.
You can define a base interface IChannel for the common things that all channels do, such as opening and/or closing with an optional timeout, and have IReceivingChannel and ITransmittingChannel hold the specific operations, such as receiving and transmitting with an optional timeout:
public interface IChannel
{
    void Open(TimeSpan timeout);
    void Close(TimeSpan timeout);
}

// I'm using generics, but you don't have to if you'll always
// deal with the same data type, e.g. IEnumerable<byte>
//
// I'm also over-simplifying by not stating end-of-transmission
// and other usual channel state.

public interface IReceivingChannel<out T> : IChannel
{
    T Receive(TimeSpan timeout);
}

public interface ITransmittingChannel<in T> : IChannel
{
    void Transmit(T obj, TimeSpan timeout);
}

In case you need to access some inner object from a channel, define specific interfaces on which you may use the as operator instead of the actual class.  For instance, a IFrobberContainer interface with a GetNativeFrobber method (or similar NativeFrobber property), which does not extend IReceivingChannel.
This way, any object can contain a frobber:
public interface IFrobberContainer
{
    IFrobber NativeFrobber { get; }
}

internal class FrobberReceivingChannel : IReceivingChannel<Thing>, IFrobberContainer
{
    public void Open(TimeSpan timeout) { /* ... */ }

    public void Close(TimeSpan timeout) { /* ... */ }

    public Thing Receive(TimeSpan timeout) { /* ... */ }

    public IFrobber NativeFrobber { get; private set; }
}

internal class FrobberTransmittingChannel : ITransmittingChannel<Thing>, IFrobberContainer
{
    public void Open(TimeSpan timeout) { /* ... */ }

    public void Close(TimeSpan timeout) { /* ... */ }

    public void Transmit(Thing obj, TimeSpan timeout) { /* ... */ }

    public IFrobber NativeFrobber { get; private set; }
}

In case you have something extra to do with frobber channels, you can ask if the channel has a frobber using the as operator.
With the new C# 6 null-conditional operator, you can do this:
(channel as IFrobberContainer)?.NativeFrobber?.Frobulate();

instead of this:
var frobberContainer = channel as IFrobberContainer;
if (frobberContainer != null)
{
    var frobber = frobberContainer.NativeFrobber;
    if (frobber != null)
    {
        frobber.Frobulate();
    }
}

By segregating these distinct aspects into interfaces, you make your actual objects more flexible, more easily replaceable and mockable (good for unit testing).

If you insist on having 10 receiving channels and 4 transmitting channels, then you probably shouldn't use collections, but conversely use very good names for 14 properties.  For generic iteration, you can keep internal collections initialized once, to avoid obvious code repetition.
You should still use interfaces and document which ones each channel implements, instead of using actual classes as the types for these properties, to retain the replaceability benefits for refactoring, maintenance and testing purposes.

A: Since this is a hardware device, I would not worry too much about being able to dynamically add or remove channels, rather I would keep it simple stupid. As a consumer of the device interface i would better off accessing it like this,
var device = //initialize the device

device.In1.Write(dataIn1);
device.In2.Write(dataIn2);

var out = device.Out1.Read();

so the channel interface would look like follows,
IWriteChannel{
   bool Write(object data);
}

IReadChannel{
   object Read();
}

This is pretty simple interface, and if you want you can add types to the interface as well. For example
IWriteChannel{
   bool Write<T>(T data);
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Hey Look, it's my 500th post! Yipee!
year of this silliness in March!??
This is a long way around making an itty bitty little point way at the end, so bear with me on this post. Now, I love math. Well, I guess I don't actually 'love' math, but it seems that I have a brain that feels comfortable when dealing with math.
Simply put, if the angle where a and b intersect is a right angle, (a 90° angle) then the Pythagorean Theorem works wonderfully.
Say the distance for side 'a' is 3 inches and the distance for side 'b' is 4 inches, then by doing the math (3²+4²=c² and 9+16=c² and 25=c² and 5=c) you see that side c must equal 5 inches. In my noodle, at least, this is a no brainer.
Another great equality is Newton's third law; For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. I'd like to extrapolate Newton's law one more step; For every sin committed, there must be an equal and opposite payment made, to pay for that sin. That seems reasonable and fair to me.
Perfect justice demands that the robber get exactly what he deserves. No more, no less. It can be difficult to decide what the robber deserves as punishment, but with perfect justice, as with the equal sign, the punishment is matched exactly with the crime.
But, in an equitable society mercy should also be shown. But, if mercy is granted to the robber, then justice can't be served. (the second man is robbed of money, and therefore justice) So how can we show mercy, without justice being denied?
If there were a mediator, say a third man in our example, who would show mercy and pay the robbers debt, and then require some sort of payment from the robber, then both justice and mercy can be served.
WASHINGTON (Reuters) - President George W. Bush will unveil a plan on Thursday aimed at slowing a wave of home loan foreclosures that has threatened to knock the U.S. economy into recession and rattled investors worldwide. The plan hammered out by the U.S. Treasury Department in talks with mortgage industry leaders would bring relief to many of the 2 million homeowners who took out adjustable rate loans with payments due to move sharply higher in the next year or so by offering some of them a five-year mortgage-rate freeze.
If we try to put an equal sign in to this news story, it isn't equal or fair. On the one side of the equal sign, Bush is trying to show mercy by freezing adjustable rates for 5 years. This will save homeowners money while they try to get themselves into a different mortgage or sell their homes for what they can. It could also save the economy from sliding further. I'd say that's some pretty hefty stuff on the one side.
But, no one is looking at what's on the other side of the equation. Who is going to pay for this? Banks, investment companies, and investors will all lose money. A lot of money. Including individual investors and retirees who have IRA accounts with these companies. Some may argue, "They are big business, they should be knocked down a peg or two." Or, "They made a bad investment choice, too bad so sad". I don't agree. If this plan is put in place, it is yet another example of government trying to redisturbe wealth, or tax the rich, or dirty on the those who have... In my humble opinion, Bush is showing too much mercy, and forgetting justice.
When in any society, mercy is given too much and too often, [a robber is shown mercy and the victim receives no justice], that society becomes inefficient, corrupt, citizens become angry and tired of injustices, and the society is ripe for revolution.
Now, how about a little fun?
Bryan Berg, the acknowledged inventor of cardstacking on the grand scale, embarked on a month-long project with The Texas State Fair in Dallas, TX to create a new Guinness World Record for the World's Tallest House of Playing Cards. A self-taught artist, Berg uses no tape, glue, or other tricks in his work. With 1,800 decks of freestanding playing cards, some scaffolding, and a hole in the ceiling, he worked for five weeks to complete the 25 foot, 9.5 inch tower- limited only by the height of the building he was working in and time. Even the artist was surprised at how strong his huge construction turned out to be, when a leaf blower shorted out during the knockdown and he was forced to take a "Godzilla" approach and destroy the tower by hand. This is the third time Berg has been commissioned to break his own world record, the first of which he set in 1992 at the age of 17. Check out the links below to see press coverage of this and other recent works.
Here's the world's record video.
10/19 - Can I go too?


This African Safari Unit is NOT a bunch a worksheets. This unit is filled with hands on ELAR and Math stations to keep your students learning and engaged! For added fun, the answer recording sheets come with a scan and check QR code feature that you and your students will love!
This is a large unit of over 140 pages of content (not including cover and instruction pages).
DO NOT waste your money on teaching materials that do not meet the needs and skill level of your students. Watch the video preview provided before you buy this unit so there are NO surprises and NO disappointments.
To use the scan and check QR code feature embedded in this product, you will need a smart device with an app that can read a QR code.


text:
Thomas Gompf, né le  à Dayton (Ohio), est un plongeur américain.

Carrière
Thomas Gompf participe aux Jeux olympiques de 1964 à Tokyo et remporte la médaille de bronze à la plateforme 10 mètres.

Notes et références

Plongeur américain
Plongeur aux Jeux olympiques d'été de 1984
Naissance en mars 1939
Médaillé de bronze olympique américain


I have been around schools my whole life—first as a student and grad student, and for the last 20+ years as a professor. My own experience as a student was that I tended to ramp up my studying for exams as the test approached. I might look over some information a week before the exam, but I was mostly likely to wait until a day or two before the exam to really study in earnest. My observation of students I teach (and my own kids) is that this pattern hasn't changed much since I was in school.
But, that pattern of study is not really ideal for good long-term learning. One of the cornerstones of memory research is the distinction between massed and distributed practice. Massed practice is when you study all of the information in one burst. Distributed practice is when you spread your study out over time. Keeping the total amount of study time constant, massed practice can help for an exam, but it leads to poor long-term recall of the information. Distributed practice is much better for remembering information over the long-term.
There are several reasons why students might choose to mass their studying right before the exam rather than distributing it over time. They might just not know that distributed studying is better. However, they might also just be busy. Schools often load students up with work, and so it is hard to allocate enough study time in advance of a test, because there is a lot of work to be done.
An interesting paper by Michael Cohen, Veronica Yan, Vered Halamish, and Robert Bjork in the November, 2013 issue of the Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition examined how students allocate study time to items to see if they are sensitive to the benefits of distributing their practice.
In one study, college students learned word pairs (like truth-justice). At test, they were going to see the first word and have to produce the second. Participants first saw all of the pairs on the list one at a time. They could study them and then were told that the pair would be worth either one point or five points if they remembered it correctly. Participants were asked to maximize the number of points they got. After seeing the word pair once and studying it, they were given the option to study it again after a short delay or after a longer one. When participants chose the short delay, the word pair was shown again after the initial list was seen completely. Then, a test was given on the items shown after the short delay. Next, there was a brief distractor period, and then the items with the long delay were shown and a test on those items was given.
Overall, students tended to prefer to assign the high-value items to the short delay and the low-value items to the long delay. Despite this preference, they were actually better able to remember the items that they studied with a long delay compared to those with a short delay. So, people were selecting a method to study that actually made their performance worse. The researchers replicated this finding in several studies.
In another study, students were able to allocate study time to a hypothetical test they were going to take in the future. There was a strong tendency to plan for the most study time close to the exam rather than studying more evenly over a long period of time.
Putting all of this together, then, even without any time constraints, students tend to prefer to mass their practice near an exam (cramming) rather than distributing their study time more evenly. As a result, even when students have the opportunity to learn in a more ideal way, they tend to study in ways that will ultimately lead to more forgetting later. That means that educators need to do a better job of helping students to develop habits that get them to even out their study time. It isn't a matter of studying harder, just studying smarter.
Normally the best place is a different room only to study. For some individuals this is outlandish,UNIVERSITY IN KENYA so the second best decision is have a work area in your room with no outside diversions, for example, a TV.
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Stay tuned for news on future events!
Congratulations to all of our students from PP-Year 6 for their amazing effort at our annual Faction Athletics Carnival. Our students rotated through four stations of activities which culminated with relays in the afternoon.
Thank you to the staff for their contribution at the carnival. We really appreciated your hard work, enthusiasm, and organisation during the day. A special thank you must go to our Deputy, Mr Ioannou, for his support behind the scenes, setting up, and collating the results. Finally, I was so grateful to our year 6 Faction Captains for their assistance with all three carnivals.
Big congratulations to Leo for being the winning house in 2018!
Our annual Dockers Shield Lightning Carnival was held at Karrinyup Primary School last week. Tuart Hill Priamry School was represented in soccer, netball and AFL. A great team effort was displayed and a great day was had by all. Thank you to all those that helped out on the day.
On Thursday, 8 March, the students from Years 4 to 6 participated in the swimming carnival. The carnival went smoothly, with Scorpio being the winning faction on the day. The final event, a staff, parent, student relay competition, was great to see. I was also proud of our students for their sportsmanship and willingness to give swimming events a go. A big thank you to Mrs Connolly for all her efforts in coordinating and leading this event. Thank you to all the parents who came along and supported their children and helping out on the day.


Today's column is written by Ernie Cormier, CEO at Nexage.
At first blush, there are two strategic imperatives in digital advertising that appear to conflict.
First, marketers are catching up to the massive consumer shift to all things mobile. Second, there is a strategic emphasis on cross-screen to create a holistic and powerful experience as consumers move among devices throughout their day.
The conflict comes from jumping into cross-screen without fully mastering mobile — especially as consumers increasingly use mobile as their primary screen.
The basic crux of the issue is that as mobile emerges as the dominant and critical digital channel, it becomes competitively perilous to underperform in mobile, whether as a separate channel or part of a fully operating cross-screen capability. I recognize that companies are running initial pilots now and marketing messages may suggest that the market is far along.
• Many agencies are just now accelerating their investment into mobile-specific creative (biased toward rich media and video).
• Buyers, trading desks and agencies are just now adapting to a cookieless environment where their ability to acquire a reliable mobile ID, create cross-screen linking and be able to retarget cross-screen is in the early stages.
• Marketers and agencies are just now uncovering the immense value of reaching premium audience through mobile apps, an ecosystem that is unique to mobile.
I will add to this list a simple outcome of math and logic: As mobile use eclipses online, as online adapts to an endangered cookie and as publishers increasingly use applications to enhance customer experience and engender loyalty, mobile will, in most cases, be the reference architecture for digital.
Mastering mobile is not simply a mobile objective; it is a fundamental objective of advertising moving forward. It's also a fundamental component of being able to operate well cross-screen.
Ultimately, marketers can't view mobile as a hobby, but they also can't miss the strategic opportunity to engage across screens.
So how do we develop a practical strategy to execute cross-screen while still climbing the mobile learning curve?
The best way to look at this is through the lens of stages, removing the temptation to create a philosophical debate about what is more important, mobile or cross-screen. The goal is to look at the practical reality and put in place steps that make both mobile and cross-screen work well.
A short-term, mid-term, and long-term scenario is described below and outlines the different evolutionary paths. This table is an attempt to get beyond the strategic intent and into the practical building blocks that take time and effort.
There is a difference between strategy, marketing and practical realities. This is not reducing the real value of strategy and marketing to set direction; both are essential to inspire, clarify, organize and plan. It's just that sometimes the practical realities don't get the headlines or press.
As we look forward two to five years from now, the digital advertising environment will be dominated by mobile, driven by brand spending, absent a cookie (successfully substituted by proprietary linking and retargeting solutions) and seeking to recognize and adapt to consumer signals in real time and cross-screen.
The key job now, and in the next two to three years, is to lay that groundwork: Master mobile, leverage mobile's emerging data model that establishes a linking and retargeting environment independent of the cookie and invest in the creative to convert it from a liability to an accelerant — not at the expense of fully integrated campaigns, but as a necessary prerequisite to cross-screen success.
You can follow Ernie Cormier (@ecormier), Nexage (@Nexage) and AdExchanger (@adexchanger) on Twitter.
Bravo! Until the ads (can stand on their own) to educate or entertain to inspire the consumer to take action will any of the tech, cross screen, programmatic, inferred targeting, etc actually matter. Its like expecting a 15 sec static ad on TV with no sound to actually work. High time that CMOs and CEO look at their ads and ask themselves, would they click on that?
Well said. As this groundwork is laid it will make more sense. Right now the tech is so nascent that it seems marketers are spending more time, effort, and money trying to link users across screens than the waste that would occur from just targeting the same audience across multiple screens without the linking.