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text:
Q: Grails filters: can uri and uriExclude be used in the same filter? I've defined a filter in grails like so:
securityFilter(uri: '/api/**', uriExclude: '/api/**/*skipthis*') {
   before {
       ...
       println request.url
   }
}

I was expecting it to handle any requests like /api/mything but ignore requests like /blahblah/mything/ and /api/mything/andskipthisthing requests yet my log reveals it's dutifully looking at /blahblah/mything
I understand that excludes take precedence, but I would have thought that would mean it would still only look at anything under /api/.  I haven't seen any examples of excludeUri in my searches, and all the uri examples I see only use the uri and nothing else.  Are we allowed to use excludeUri and uri together?  Is this a bug in grails?

A: Doh!  I was looking at request.requestURL, which is the grails dispatcher url (ends with .dispatch) ... What I wanted was the request.forwardURI

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Distraction. We've all had it. It's thrown in our face everyday. Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter are just a few examples of distractions. But I'm not just talking about social media here. I'm talking about the mindless and seemingly innocent things we use everyday to distract ourselves from our loving God. It is in the innocent things that we are blinded.
It was different. It was weird. A couple of times I wanted to leave the group and go searching for people. But I couldn't; my job was to hold the stick so the group knew where to meet up. I spent last weekend at a conference full of 3,000 teenagers and I was responsible for keeping track of 35 of them.
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What? I'm a Blogger now?!
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Rooted…but what is this feeling?


text:
Q: One thread that displays multiple threads I am having problem displaying data with multiple threads, because the output is not in the correct order, and some lines are mixed. My multithread function looks like this, and it displays all the data.
    for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++)
    {
        pthread_create(&tid_array[i], NULL, find, &wData[i]);
    }

    for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++)
    {
        pthread_join(tid_array[i], NULL);
    }

Now I want to create a buffer to which threads will write outputs and then create one thread that will display all the data. I have no idea how to do it. Can anyone help me?
EDIT
I don't want to use mutex.
EDIT 2
    int rc;

    for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++)
    {
        rc = pthread_create(&tid_array[i], NULL, find, &wData[i]);
    }

    for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++)
    {
        rc = pthread_join(tid_array[i], NULL);
    }

    pthread_t tid;

    pthread_create(&tid, NULL, (void *)rc, NULL);
    pthread_join(tid, NULL);

Is this the right way?
The function find prits all the data.

A:
the output is not in the correct order, and some lines are mixed

Because, your program accepts the readings and writings at the same time. For example, when one thread tries to read (display) the context of the line, there is at least one thread that edits this line, so it makes the context of line change when the reader has not finished to read.
You have to synchronize the reading and writing.

*

*If one of the threads tries editing the line, no other threads should be displaying at the same time, otherwise changes will not be visible to him/her.

*However if some threads is displaying the line, then others may read it at the same time. In your case, you want only one thread to display the line, so you can ignore this rule.
You can find the examples of the implementation:

*

*Reader-Writer problem using Monitors using the mutex and signal

*Readers-Writers Problem using the semaphore

*POSIX Threads Programming very helpful tutorial of multithreading

A: You should make sure that each line is written atomically. It is possible to use a mutex and make each individual thread lock the buffer temporarily. This is probably bad design. It is likely better to have each thread make sure it writes an entire line at a time, so use a per-thread buffer for that. This might prevent you from needing a mutex, because this can introduce complexity and bugs.
Another design is to have a buffer and mutex per thread, and have your output thread regularly iterate over all threads, lock the mutex for that thread, pull the contents of the buffer, unlock the mutex, output the buffer. This is a design that allows for different priorities.
The lines being in the wrong order... Well that is multi-threading for you. If that is a problem, then you have probably messed up your design.


The entries include indexed images of registers of baptism, marriage and burial from over 350 parishes from Yorkshire and beyond, spanning over 450 years of history.
The parish register collection of baptisms, marriages and burials on Findmypast encompasses the parishes situated within the Archdeaconry of York from 1538. This area includes the City of York and a radius of about 20 miles around it.
In addition, the collection on Findmypast includes our collection of Bishops' transcripts (sometimes known as Parish Register transcripts). These cover a much wider area – most of Yorkshire, barring the Deaneries of Richmond and Catterick.
These records can be very useful in supplementing gaps in original Parish Registers; there are entries in the Bishops' transcripts which do not appear in the original register and vice-a-versa. Bishops' transcripts also survive for dates where there are no Parish Registers. The earliest surviving Bishops' transcript dates from 1598 but returns tend to be patchy until the late seventeenth century and none survive for the Commonwealth period (c. 1642-1660). Most parishes stopped returning Bishops' transcripts between 1830 and 1860.
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Access to findmypast.co.uk is free of charge on-site at the Borthwick and many other local libraries.


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text:
import { Component, AfterViewInit } from '@angular/core';
import { Title }     from '@angular/platform-browser';
import { single, multi, multi2 } from './data';
import { TdLoadingService, TdDigitsPipe } from '@covalent/core';

import { ItemsService } from '../../../services';

@Component({
  selector: 'qs-product-overview',
  templateUrl: './overview.component.html',
  styleUrls: ['./overview.component.scss'],
  viewProviders: [ ItemsService ],
})
export class ProductOverviewComponent implements AfterViewInit {

  items: Object[];
  users: Object[];

  // Chart
  single: any[];
  multi: any[];
  multi2: any[];

  // Generic Chart options
  showXAxis: boolean = true;
  showYAxis: boolean = true;
  gradient: boolean = true;
  autoScale: boolean = true;
  showLegend: boolean = false;
  showXAxisLabel: boolean = false;
  showYAxisLabel: boolean = false;
  xAxisLabel: string = 'X Axis';
  yAxisLabel: string = 'Y Axis';

  orangeColorScheme: any = {
    domain: [
      '#E64A19', '#F57C00', '#FFA726', '#FFB74D', '#FFCC80',
    ],
  };

  blueColorScheme: any = {
    domain: [
      '#01579B', '#00B0FF', '#80D8FF', '#E1F5FE',
    ],
  };

  constructor(private _titleService: Title,
              private _itemsService: ItemsService,
              private _loadingService: TdLoadingService) {
                // Chart Single
                Object.assign(this, {single});
                // Chart Multi
                this.multi = multi.map((group: any) => {
                  group.series = group.series.map((dataItem: any) => {
                    dataItem.name = new Date(dataItem.name);
                    return dataItem;
                  });
                  return group;
                });
                // Chart Multi2
                this.multi2 = multi2.map((group: any) => {
                  group.series = group.series.map((dataItem: any) => {
                    dataItem.name = new Date(dataItem.name);
                    return dataItem;
                  });
                  return group;
                });
  }

  ngAfterViewInit(): void {
    this._titleService.setTitle( 'Product Name' );

    this._loadingService.register('items.load');
    this._itemsService.query().subscribe((items: Object[]) => {
      this.items = items;
      setTimeout(() => {
        this._loadingService.resolve('items.load');
      }, 2000);
    }, (error: Error) => {
      this._itemsService.staticQuery().subscribe((items: Object[]) => {
        this.items = items;
        setTimeout(() => {
          this._loadingService.resolve('items.load');
        }, 2000);
      });
    });
  }
  // ngx transform using covalent digits pipe
  axisDigits(val: any): any {
    return new TdDigitsPipe().transform(val);
  }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


What our customers are saying about our Holiday Cottages In Stratford Upon Avon To Rent.
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Our motor manufacturer client suffered a severe hail loss. 5,000 vehicles, held in two storage compounds in close proximity to each other, were damaged.
To further complicate matters, the vehicles were assigned to 35 different European importers and local sales companies.
2. Initiated an initial compound survey to establish the number of vehicles impacted, to ascertain severity levels and identify appropriate repair options This survey, of over 5,000 vehicles, was completed within 3 days of the event occurring and allowed insurers to accurately reserve for the loss and for Sevatas to establish the scale of the repair operation required.
3. Initiate a tender process for the nominated repairers and appoint the repairer We invited 10 potential suppliers (Paintless Dent Repairers (PDRs)) to quote for the repair work. After consideration, we appointed a single supplier to complete the work and agreed a contract with them. This contract included a range of bonuses and penalties relating to their performance (quality and timeframes).
The repair process was challenging and required careful oversight. We set the PDR a target of completing 100 vehicles per day. Our Incident Manager spent most of the following 8 weeks on site, overseeing the repair process and resolving the numerous day to day challenges we faced.
In order to smooth the repair process, we initiated a daily phone call with all interested stakeholders as well as delivering a daily throughput report. This helped to identify blockages and the steps we needed to take to remove them.
All repaired vehicles were subjected to an end of line quality check to ensure the vehicle could be sold in 'as new' condition. Where the repairs did not meet our client's standards, the vehicles were returned into the repair process once more.
More than 10% of vehicles failed our initial quality check.


text:
What Talia Shire Really Thinks of Stallone in "Creed"
Apr 15, 2016 | Articles
TALIA SHIRE AND SONS ATTEND TRIBECA FILM FESTIVAL
Talia Shire's finally made another film, this time teamed on screen with her two sons, actors Jason and Robert Schwartzman.
Shire plays Victoria, mother of the lead character (Johnny Simmons), who is a pianist involved in a relationship with an older woman. The film – titled "Dreamland" – is directed by Shire's youngest son, 33 year old Robert, most famous for his role in "The Princess Diaries" and as lead singer of the band Rooney. Robert follows in his famous family's cinema dynasty in his directorial debut; his uncle, Talia's brother, is legendary filmmaker Francis Ford Coppola.
On the same day that Sylvester Stallone was featured on NBC's Today Show promoting his new TV series "Strong", Talia visited Today's New York studio at Rockefeller Center and stood behind the cameras as her two sons were interviewed about "Dreamland" and Rooney gave a live musical performance.
"Dreamland" premiered on Thursday at the Tribeca Film Festival and Talia and her sons attended and participated in a Q&A event following the screening. When asked about whether she'd seen Sylvester Stallone's performance in 2015's Creed, Talia responded:
"I liked the last [movie, Creed]. I gotta tell you, I thought Sylvester was brilliant. Really, really just brilliant. To make it short and sweet, he was great."
Admittedly nervous to be directed by her son, Talia revealed that joining the cast wasn't easy.
"I wasn't sure. My role came at sort of the end," she explained. "The mother was either going to be a great pain or she was going to be really kind of a sensitive woman, so when we got to my part in the piece, Robert was terrific and wrote a very nurturing piece of dialogue. He was very kind to me. I was very nervous!"
Rocky II Chicken Chase Recreated in "Creed"
Behind the Scenes Video: Rocky III
Speaking of DVDs (Interview with Talia Shire)
Rocky's House in "Creed"
"Creed" Villain Tony Bellew Fights for Championship in Real Life →

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Silva Azevedo ist der Familienname folgender Personen:

 Fábio da Silva Azevedo (Fabinho; * 1970), brasilianischer Fußballspieler
 Paulo Emilio Silva Azevedo (Paulo Emilio; * 1969), brasilianischer Beachvolleyballspieler

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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text:
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7 seat minivan
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I am looking for a car in singapore tommorow, I can pick up at changi or downtown, also want to ask if there are any charges for malaysia
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Singapore Car Hire - Did You Know?
Singapore is an island country that is made up from 63 islands including the main island which is known as Singapore Island.
There are four offical languages in Singapore which are English, Chinese, Malay and Tamil.
The currency in the country is the Singapore dollar (SGD).
The national fruit of Singapore is the durian, which is known for its strong and unpleasant odour.
Singapore Changi Airport has been rated one of the best international airports in the world.
Kuala Lumpur the capital of Malaysia is approximately 360 km north west of Singapore.
Fuel Prices in Singapore by Month
Month, Year
Diesel €/ltr
Unleaded €/ltr
Jun , 2019 1.15 1.39
May , 2019 1.19 1.43
Apr , 2019 1.17 1.41
Mar , 2019 1.14 1.39
Feb , 2019 1.13 1.34
Jan , 2019 1.05 1.34
Singapore Mini Guide
Singapore is connected to mainland Malaysia by a series of bridges and is a good base from which to start your travels in that part of the world. The city is full of imposing skyscrapers and with four million people packed onto this small island, Singapore is one of the world's most densely populated countries.
This Asian island state has one of the largest and most impressive airports in all of Asia. Changi has three terminals and seeing what they have to offer could be considered part of the experience of Singapore itself. There is a movie theatre, swimming pool and Jacuzzi, Xbox video consoles and many excellent restaurants serving reasonably priced food.
However, you should leave yourself plenty of time to navigate the terminal as it can be confusing. Singapore Airlines flies from both T2 and T3 but they will not tell you which terminal to use until shortly before the flight. Luckily it is not difficult to make the transfer as the three main terminals are connected by a free Skytrain service which can be used without passing through immigration. However the Budget Terminal can only be reached by a shuttle bus from the basement of T2.
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Visas are not normally necessary to enter Singapore though there are strict rules and regulations about what you can and cannot bring into the country. It is illegal to bring alcohol into Singapore if you are under 18, cigarettes cannot be brought in duty free, and chewing gum is illegal. Pornography, pirated goods and publications by the Jehovah's Witnesses and the Unification Church are also banned. Baggage is scanned at land and sea entry points to check for this contraband. Therefore, if state interference annoys you then you would be well advised to give Singapore a miss.
Singapore is linked to the Malaysian Peninsula by two main road crossings. One is known as the Causeway and can get quite congested. The other, known as the Second Link, has been built between Tuas in western Singapore and Tanjung Kupang in the western part of Johor state.
Singapore (Funny) Factfile:
It's definitely a case of 'Well I've seen it all now' after pictures were released by a Singaporean newspaper of a soldier in his army fatigues, marching off to battle (or at least training!) Soldiers are big, tough men ready to fight for King/Queen/President/country. Hours of training build them up to be fit and strong so there was something slightly jarring in this picture as tootling along behind him was his maid. Bad enough you might think but even worse, the maid was carrying his backpack!
The soldier concerned has considered his actions not quite in the spirit of how it should be done and turned himself in to his commanding officer, presumably before being found out. Sources close to the story say the soldier is remorseful and has agreed to undergo counselling, for what, we are not sure. First appearing on social media sites, the picture eventually made it to the Straits Times. The country's armed forces have also seen fit to release a statement reminding all servicemen to be careful of their conduct in public.
The sources say that the man in question comes from a wealthy family and was undergoing physical training prior to entry into two years of national service. In his civilian life, his maid accompanies him carrying out menial tasks for him.
Driving in Singapore - Need to know
Road Driving Side
50kph
Urban speed Limit
70-90kph
Rural Speed Limit
Motorway Speed Limit
SGD 2.26/Ltr
Current Petrol Price
Drink Drive Limit
Min Rental Age
Min Driving Age
Next Upcoming Holiday
Chinese Lunar New Year's Day - National holiday
Top Car Hire Singapore Locations
Car Hire Changi Airport
Fuel Prices in Singapore
Price of petrol in Singapore in June
€ 1.39/Ltr
($ 1.70/Ltr | SGD 2.26/Ltr)
Price of diesel in Singapore in June
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text:
Messiah — Market District — The Glint of Steel
Started by Astraea Teresi at Apr 06, 2019 2:10 am
Einmanudur 5, 76
astraea shilthandien
Posted May 15, 2019 10:27 pm
23 Posts 28 Years Young Female Hume Merchant House Teresi 5'3'' Dalmasca
Astraea only hoped that his gratitude wouldn't be in vain, because it was all too likely that there would be nothing to find, or that what she found would not be good. It was hard to say what was going to be there to find, but she would try, and maybe that was the best she could do regardless of what she hoped for.
But really, having a talk with her sister and making sure that Shilthandien was as little under Marcus' radar as possible, that was.... important. Something told her that would end terribly, and it was in thinking that that Astraea had it underscored that maybe this was something she should have done a long time ago. But the Cassimers had once been decent, and she had hoped to hold on long enough for the eldest to take Marcus' place. Lucius was a decent guy, after all.
Wishful thinking, she supposed.
"No, not rude. Honest." Astraea shrugged slightly. She could.... only imagine what he'd faced thus far, and she was not unaware of how things would go if a slaver caught him even though he was a free citizen of Galace .... because he was here, in Dalmasca and the slavers didn't recognize such things without protection of some kind being afforded.
"I can offer at least the protection of my house." Which wasn't as much as, say, wearing an Essair cobra and thus being claimed by Kassandros, but it was something, and many slavers would hesitate to cause trouble, assuming that the one wearing it 'belonged' to the house. "And, if you'll take it, a room to stay in in my home for the time being."
That part was more negotiable, it did require an awful lot of trust, after all. Still, she thought it was worth offering. It cost her nothing but food, and it might be better than leaving him to take a chance on sleeping in a tree even if he was wearing her emblem as protection.
Shilthandien Yrdyn
Posted May 22, 2019 5:56 pm
9 Posts 22 Years Young Male Ilim Royalty House Yrdyn 3' 7" Earth Affinity Galace
He supposed that was more honest than rude. Still, it felt kind of rude. He let it alone, instead his ears simply drooped slightly. Well, she was decent and he wasn't terribly interested in accidentally insulting her. It seemed she didn't take it that way, fortunately. He'd let it alone.
"I'd appreciate that, thank you," he said. It was probably his best bet, at the moment. "I can clean a little, but I'm really good at hunting and fishing. I'm also an earth affinity." Tilling fields and moving stones wasn't too difficult for him to manage, so perhaps he could help feed himself and somewhat earn the rest of his keep. The bright side, here, if there was to be one, would be Galacese nobles weren't quite as pampered as the nobility of other nations. (He couldn't even really call the Free Cities' nobility as being pampered, as most of them weren't.) He wouldn't have too much trouble adjusting to the more simplistic means of living. Besides, he'd been sleeping in trees-this was already a marked improvement.
"... not much good at cooking, though. And some game's too big for me to skin efficiently." That was also a potential thing of note. But he supposed, he could certainly deal with the fishing and getting deer or so. They stunk a lot, but he could usually manage to carry the smaller ones. And thus, he wouldn't feel like too much of an inconvenience, and not being an inconvenience was somewhat important, to him.
"And if you've got any stray mages, I can teach them a thing or several." Not that mages were in high number around here, but you know, things happened.
Astraea hadn't really expected him to be so willing to take her up on that offer. She had, however, meant it. That was for the best in a way, this way she would know that he was safe. He seemed like a nice kid, if nothing else, she didn't really want to see him get hurt. And Dalmasca was full of people who would hurt an ilim - or anyone, really - given half a chance. It was unfortunate, but it was reality.
Hm. "Well, guests generally aren't expected to earn their keep." Her tone was mild. Nevermind that teaching her the art of Galacese blades was something that was worth a great deal. "You really don't have to do any more than you've already offered." Putting that rather directly, because maybe he just didn't understand quite how much of a benefit being able to create weapons that sought after would be.
It was the kind of thing that could allow her to refuse customers if she felt she needed to because those blades could command a higher price. It put her in a much better bargaining place for a number of reasons. And it would offer her enough usefulness that even if Essair wasn't friendly with her (though he was) they might consider taking her on as a Vassal. It was almost enough to offset the risks of upsetting Marcus.
Enough that Astraea thought it would be worth it.
Though if she'd had a stray mage or two, she may have taken him up on that particular offer. Maybe an ilim teaching them could help minimize the damage. But to her knowledge she didn't, and she didn't really want to go asking around. There were mages around, of course. No small number even, really. But they tended to either be too far into madness to teach or hidden well because there were plenty who would kill them for existing thanks to how dangerous they could be.
Which, that wasn't really their fault, but it.... still was a thing.
"If you don't mind hanging around a little longer I can show you home from here. Or you could come back in a while, depending on what else you intended to get done."
No? That made little sense to him. It wasn't, of course, as if Shilthandien or his House asked their guests to help with procurement of standard things like food and whatnot, but he would potentially be staying for a long time. As such, he'd be a little more expensive over a longer period of time to house and feed, and Shilthandien was not a pampered slouch. In Galace, though, nobility didn't quite work the same way, which, he'll eventually figure out.
"I suppose not," he said. "But I could be here a while, and I wouldn't want to impose too much. Besides, I enjoy contributing. I can teach a thing or two about plants, as well, if you know anyone interested. Oh, it probably happens a lot, here, so I can also save a mage from insanity." Corruption was something Shilthandien had quite a bit of experience fighting. Most everyone in Galace did, these days, and while he'd been on the front-lines for some time now, he'd felt it more prudent to come here, to try and stop this war with Dalmasca and Jihon, because Galace and Macenia had bigger problems, and this mess had gone on long enough.
Still, some part of him felt bad, about leaving them. Maybe he should've stayed, but honestly, they could use Dalmasca and Jihon's help, if they even had any mages left. If nothing else, the war was most likely complicating matters by generating more negativity for the corruption to feed on, and thus it grew stronger. They were in a very bad cycle, here, and the Ebondrake weren't helping matters, either.
This was getting very complicated, very quickly.
"I could use a break, anyway," he said. "Been moving almost this entire week. Oh, do you have some water?" Water sounded like perhaps a good idea.
Posted Jun 01, 2019 1:51 am
Astraea nodded a little. "If you're sure." She'd leave it that that. If he wanted to help out then she was sure she could find things for him to do. Or that he could find things to do around the house when he wanted to. Or.... something, she was sure they could work out something if he really wanted to try and contribute more than he was already offering.
"I will keep that in mind." That had certainly gotten her attention. "There are sure to be those who could use that help." The trick would be getting to them before someone else did, but you know. That was, ah, a thing. A thing to know because maybe he could help if something happened to Yishai and no one would have to worry about testing their ability to do what had to be done.
Maybe it wouldn't have to be done after all.
Astraea nodded along mildly. "That makes sense." That was quite a long time to keep moving, it was no wonder that he was ready to take a break and ready to take almost any offer of help that seemed to be genuine. "Yes, actually I do. I'll get you some." It was an easy enough request, and she tended to bring water to the shop in case she wanted to make tea or in case a meeting with a client lasted long enough that offering them tea or some other drink was a good idea in regards to proper hospitality.
It didn't happen often but, well, occasionally when a client was ordering a number of items or something that required the design be refined.
Anyway, getting water for her guest, yes. And mentally looking forward to other things that needed to be done going forward. But, just a step at a time, that was best to remember.


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text:
WDTN (channel 2) is a television station in Dayton, Ohio, United States, affiliated with NBC. It is owned by Nexstar Media Group, which provides certain services to Springfield, Ohio–licensed WBDT (channel 26), a de facto owned-and-operated station of The CW, under a local marketing agreement (LMA) with Vaughan Media. The two stations share studios on South Dixie Drive in Moraine (with a Dayton mailing address).

WDTN's transmitter facility is located off Frytown Road in an exclave of Jefferson Township surrounded by the southwest Dayton neighborhoods of Germantown Meadow, Highview Hills and Stoney Ridge; through a channel sharing agreement, it shares its digital channel with WBDT, along with unrelated Richmond, Indiana–licensed Ion Television O&O WKOI-TV (channel 43).

History

Early years
The construction permit for what is now WDTN was awarded to the Crosley Broadcasting Corporation of Cincinnati on April 4, 1947. It was the first broadcast television license granted by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) to Dayton. However, due to several delays, the station did not actually go on the air until March 15, 1949, as WLWD, on channel 5, twenty days after CBS affiliate WHIO-TV began broadcasting. From the very first day, it has operated from a studio and office facility located in a former skating rink on Dixie Drive in Moraine. (The property has changed jurisdictions since the original airdate: first it was within the now-defunct Van Buren Township, which voted to incorporate as Kettering in November 1952; in 1953, the western portion of Kettering, which included the property, voted to secede, forming Moraine Township, which in turn incorporated as Moraine in 1957.)

WLWD was the second link of a group of inter-connected stations which made up the "WLW Television Network", and was named for Crosley's flagship Cincinnati radio station WLW; the "D" referred to Dayton. The other stations were WLWT in Cincinnati and WLWC (now WCMH-TV) in Columbus, both also owned by Crosley. The three outlets shared common regional programming, most of which was produced in Cincinnati and sent by way of microwave link to Dayton and Columbus (such as The 50-50 Club with Ruth Lyons, and later Bob Braun; The Paul Dixon Show; and Midwestern Hayride). All three stations were also NBC affiliates, and had secondary relationships with the DuMont Television Network; WLWD also carried ABC programs. The first program shown on WLWD was NBC's Texaco Star Theater, with Milton Berle. To reflect their connection to each other, the WLW Television stations hyphenated their call signs on air; the Dayton outlet was known as WLW-D. The Crosley television group would later expand to include WLWA (now WXIA-TV) in Atlanta, WLWI (now WTHR) in Indianapolis, and WOAI-TV in San Antonio.

The release of the FCC's Sixth Report and Order in 1952 resulted in shifts of VHF channel assignments in the Midwest region. In Ohio, WLWD's channel 5 allocation was moved to Cincinnati and given to sister station WLWT, with the Dayton station reassigned to transmit over channel 2. WLWD's channel change took place on April 27, 1953. WHIO-TV, Dayton's only other station at the time, also shifted channels (from 13 to 7) as a result of the same ordinance. Along with the channel shift WLWD was also forced to operate with a shorter transmission tower, to reduce the overlap of its new channel 2 signal with the relocated signals of WLWT (which moved from channel 4 to channel 5) and WLWC (which shifted to channel 4 from channel 3). The analog channel 2 signal traveled a very long distance under normal conditions.

WLWD lost DuMont in 1955, a few months before the network shut down. It lost ABC in 1965 (though it cleared some ABC daytime programming until 1971 as a secondary affiliate) when then-independent WONE-TV (channel 22, now WKEF) picked up ABC's prime time programming.

In 1968 the Crosley group took on the name of its parent company and became known as Avco Broadcasting, a subsidiary of the Aviation Corporation (later known as Avco). After the FCC restricted the common ownership of stations with overlapping signals in the late 1960s, it grandfathered Avco's common ownership of WLWD, WLWT, WLWC and of WLW radio in Cincinnati. Even from its shorter tower, WLWD's city-grade signal reached as far as Cincinnati and as far north as the Columbus suburbs, while WLW radio's 50 kilowatt signal covered nearly all of Ohio and overlapped with all three television stations.

In 1975, Avco decided to exit broadcasting. As a result, WLWD lost its grandfathered protection, and had to be sold off separately from WLWT and WLWC. WLWD ended up being the last of Avco's television stations to be sold off, going to Grinnell College in Iowa for $13 million in June 1975; the acquisition made Grinnell College one of a few universities in the country to own a commercial television station. The school changed the call letters to WDTN shortly after the sale closed on June 16, 1976. Not long after Grinnell took over, WDTN increased the height on its broadcast tower and began operating at full effective radiated power, increasing its coverage area. (The WLWD call sign was used from April 2003 until April 2010 for an FM radio station serving Lima, now WBKS. The call sign has been used since October 12, 2010, by Daystar station WLWD-LD (channel 20), licensed to Springfield.)

Switch to ABC
By the mid to late-1970s, ABC was searching for stronger affiliates in order to cement its status as the leading network in the United States. Its existing Dayton affiliate, WKEF, was a distant third in the ratings, and only ran ABC's prime time and sports programming, plus whatever daytime programming was preempted by two Taft Broadcasting-owned ABC affiliates in adjacent markets, WKRC-TV in Cincinnati (now with CBS) and WTVN-TV (now WSYX) in Columbus. WKEF also did not have a functioning news department until 1979. Meanwhile, WKRC-TV and WTVN-TV were not only preempting ABC's daytime programs, but also its late night shows and some of its Saturday morning cartoons. ABC also wanted a station in Dayton with both stronger ratings and signal, and one which could reach portions of the Cincinnati and Columbus markets. In summer 1979, ABC approached WDTN and reached an affiliation deal. Almost by default, NBC was then left to go with WKEF. On January 1, 1980, WDTN and WKEF swapped network affiliations. Five months after joining ABC, in May 1980, Grinnell College announced it would sell WDTN to the broadcasting division of the Hearst Corporation. The sale was finalized over a year later, in September 1981 for a price of over $47 million.

In August 1997, Hearst's television group merged with Argyle Television Holdings II to form what was then known as Hearst-Argyle Television. Argyle had purchased WDTN's former sister station, WLWT, that January, as part of a trade deal between Argyle II and Gannett Broadcasting which caused WLWT and its Oklahoma City sister station, KOCO-TV, to swap ownership with WZZM in Grand Rapids, Michigan, and WGRZ-TV in Buffalo, New York. For the same reason that forced the breakup of Avco's television group 20 years earlier, Hearst-Argyle could not keep both stations (common ownership of stations with overlapping city-grade signals would not be allowed until 2000). It opted to keep the larger WLWT and trade WDTN, together with WNAC-TV in Providence, Rhode Island, to Sunrise Television for WPTZ in Plattsburgh, New York, WNNE in Hartford, Vermont, and KSBW in Salinas, California. The sale was finalized on July 2, 1998.

In May 2002, Sunrise merged with LIN TV. After the LIN TV acquisition, One Life to Live was added to the station's schedule as well. From this point on, WDTN aired the entire ABC schedule in pattern until the station returned to NBC in 2004.

Return to NBC
In early 2004, NBC landed a new affiliation agreement with LIN TV; in response to this agreement, ABC signed an affiliation deal with Sinclair Broadcasting Group, which renewed the network's affiliations with the group's existing ABC affiliates and caused WKEF and its sister stations in Springfield/Decatur, Illinois (WICS and WICD), to switch to that network. On August 30, 2004, in a reversal of the 1980 switch, WDTN returned to NBC after 24 years away to take advantage of the network's then-stronger programming. Ironically, several months after the affiliation shift, ABC's ratings overtook those of NBC and the network wouldn't rebound for nearly a decade; in 2014, NBC had regained the lead over ABC.

On May 18, 2007, LIN TV announced that it was exploring strategic alternatives that could have resulted in the sale of the company. In early June, WDTN's website (along with those of several other LIN TV-owned stations not affiliated with Fox such as WNDY-TV, WWHO, WAND, WWLP, and WLFI-TV) underwent a redesign. The web addresses were then operated by the Local Media Network division of World Now for a little over a year until October 2008, when LIN TV relaunched most of its station websites through Fox Interactive Media (later spun off as the independent company known today as EndPlay). Prior to the World Now contract, the web addresses were powered by Web Pros.

On October 3, 2008, LIN TV pulled WDTN (and its other stations) from Time Warner Cable, due to a dispute over "retransmission fees." Time Warner replaced WDTN with a free preview of HBO Family.

On October 29, LIN TV and Time Warner Cable reached an agreement, restoring WDTN, as well as offering it in high definition on the cable system for the first time.

On June 4, 2010, it was announced LIN TV would begin operating CW affiliate WBDT (then owned by ACME Communications) through shared service and joint sales agreements. Three months later, LIN TV exercised an option to purchase that channel along with another LIN-operated ACME station, fellow CW affiliate WCWF in Green Bay, Wisconsin. LIN TV requested WBDT's license be assigned to a subsidiary of Vaughan Media (owner of Austin, Texas CW affiliate KNVA, which is also operated by LIN TV). The company holds a 4.5% equity stake in Vaughan Media, but controls most of that company's voting stock, effectively making it a shell corporation for LIN TV. WBDT was integrated into WDTN's facilities and the merger between the two stations occurred sometime around October, 2010. WBDT originally had studios at Corporate Place in Miamisburg, along Byers Road.

On March 4, 2011, LIN TV's contract with DISH Network expired, and all TV stations owned or operated by LIN, including WDTN and WBDT, were pulled from DISH. On March 13, LIN and DISH entered into a retransmission consent agreement, and all affected channels were restored.

On March 21, 2014, Media General announced that it would buy LIN. The FCC approved the merger on December 12, 2014, but a condition of the deal requires Media General to end the JSA between WBDT and WDTN due to tighter scrutiny such deals are getting by the FCC. Media General received a two-year waiver to end the JSA between WDTN and WBDT. The merger was completed on December 19, reuniting WDTN with WCMH-TV (the former WLWC).

On January 27, 2016, it was announced that Nexstar Broadcasting Group would buy Media General for $4.6 billion, and WDTN became part of "Nexstar Media Group". The deal was approved by the FCC on January 11, 2017, and it was completed on January 17.

A carriage dispute with AT&T, lasting from 11:59 p.m. on July 3 to August 29, 2019, resulted in the removal of WDTN, along with more than 120 other Nexstar stations across 97 markets, from AT&T's DirecTV, DirecTV Now and U-verse platforms.

A carriage dispute with Dish Network, beginning at 7:00 p.m. on December 2, 2020, resulted in the removal of WDTN and sister station WBDT from the platform, along with 164 Nexstar stations in 115 markets.

Programming
Syndicated programming on WDTN includes Access Daily, Dateline, Inside Edition, and Jeopardy!, among others. Dayton is one of the few U.S. markets where Jeopardy! and Wheel of Fortune are seen on separate TV stations—the latter airing on CBS affiliate WHIO-TV.

Game show host and announcer Johnny Gilbert hosted his own local daytime variety/talk show immediately after the local airing of WLW television's Paul Dixon Show in the mid-1960s.

Phil Donahue (former news anchor and radio talk show host at WHIO radio) began hosting a talk show on WLWD in 1967, called The Phil Donahue Show, that was then more issue-oriented (greatly reducing the station's program budget). Donahue's show went national in 1970. Since most programs on the WLW television regional network originated from WLWT in Cincinnati, it was the first time WLWD was the originator of a program.

Aside from Paul Dixon's weekday morning show, other Cincinnati-based programming that aired on WLWD included: The 50-50 Club, hosted by Ruth Lyons (succeeded by Bob Braun after Lyons' 1967 retirement), and the Saturday evening country music program Midwestern Hayride.

Due to WLWD's heavy local and regional programming schedule, many network programs from NBC and ABC were recorded on film as a kinescope for later airing. On rare occasions when a program was unavailable (sometimes due to network technical difficulties or if fill time was available before or after a network sportscast), a half-hour series entitled Star Performance, consisting mostly of drama pilots from the 1950s, would air. Fifteen-minute mini-documentaries or newsreels would also air as a time filler under the title Miniature Theater.

During the summer of 1983, WDTN was exempted from running ABC's soap operas after 2 p.m., since WKRC-TV's signal easily covered Dayton. As a result, the station ran cartoons and off-network sitcoms in place of One Life to Live and General Hospital. By the late 1980s, these were replaced with first run talk shows such as The Oprah Winfrey Show (at 4 p.m.), The Montel Williams Show, and The Jerry Springer Show. WDTN would begin its talk block at 2 p.m. during the week. In 2000, Time Warner Cable (Dayton's largest cable system) dropped the Cincinnati network affiliates to make room for new cable channels. The Cincinnati stations had been available on cable in the Dayton area ever since cable arrived there in the mid-1960s. As a result, ABC soap viewers could no longer see One Life to Live or General Hospital, while over-the-air viewers could still pick them up on WCPO-TV (which had become Cincinnati's ABC affiliate in 1996). As a result, in the fall of 2000, General Hospital returned to WDTN's schedule, where it stayed until the station returned to NBC in 2004.

News operation

In the 1970s and 1980s, WDTN used the Eyewitness News branding. For most of its history, its newscasts have been a runner-up to market leader WHIO-TV. On April 11, 2012, the station announced that it was in the process of reconstructing its studios in preparation for the production of high definition content. After June 8, 2012, newscasts were moved to the station's newsroom as the new news set was being built in the same location as the old one. The first high definition newscast was at 6 p.m. on Saturday, July 21, 2012. WDTN was the second station in Dayton to have made the upgrade to HD newscasts; the shows on WBDT were included in the upgrade.

On August 18, 2007, the station began to produce a nightly prime time newscast for WBDT, known as 2 News at 10 on Dayton's CW. This show achieved higher ratings than WRGT-TV's nightly prime time news in Dayton's metered market households on the 26th day of its broadcast. That year, 2 News won the "Edward R. Murrow Award for Overall Excellence" for the second straight year.

In May 2011, the station changed the name of its weekday 5:00-7:00 a.m. newscast from 2 News Sunrise to 2 News Today. On November 14, 2011, the station moved 2 News Today'''s start time to 4:30 a.m., probably in response to WHIO-TV's similar lengthening of its morning news on August 15.

In August 2011, the station announced plans to replace its weekday hour-long newscast, 2 News at Noon, with a local lifestyle talk show called Living Dayton, starting in early January 2012. It was planned that anchor Marsha Bonhart, Holly Samuels and meteorologist Jamie Jarosik would deliver news and weather at the top of the broadcast, and that the show would cover any breaking news. Living Dayton premiered on February 6, 2012, with newly hired hosts Nathalie Basha and Zuri Hall. Later on February 6, it was announced that Jim Bucher would join the show as a contributor. The inclusion of news headlines and a weather forecast began on February 9; on the same day, Basha and Hall began providing a brief commentary-style discussion of topical issues, sometimes with a guest contributor, immediately following the news/weather segment.

On January 7, 2013, WBDT began to air a weekday news program from 7:00-9:00 a.m., called 2 News Today on Dayton's CW. The newscast is now live from 7:00-9:00 a.m.

In January 2015, the station renamed its hour-long 5:00 p.m. weekday newscast Five on 2, and included more features, interviews and longer-form stories.

On September 11, 2017, the station added an hour-long 4:00 p.m. weekday newscast, 2 News First at 4; it is the first and only 4 p.m. local newscast in the market.

On April 4, 2020, WDTN debuted a weekend morning newscast airing Saturdays and Sundays from 6 to 8 a.m.

On July 23, 2021, WDTN debuted a new set, with updated graphics having been rolled out in the preceding weeks.

On September 2, 2021, Mark Allan, anchor for over 25 years, retired from broadcasting. Allan arrived at the station in fall 1995 from KAKE (TV) in Wichita, Kansas, first anchoring coverage of the then-ongoing Dayton Peace Accords.

WDTN includes segments from the syndicated consumer and personal finance series Money Talks with Stacy Johnson as part of its newscasts.

The station maintains news partnerships with several area newspapers. In addition to its main studios, WDTN operates bureaus in Springfield (on West Main Street) and in Xenia (in the Xenia Daily Gazette newsroom on South Detroit Street).

WDTN operates its own weather radar known on-air as "Live Doppler 2 HD" (formerly as "Live Doppler 2X"). The station's weather reports are branded as "Storm Team 2" and were sometimes branded as "Live Doppler 2X."

For many years, Charlie Van Dyke was the voice heard on WDTN's station IDs, news intros, promos, and other voice-over work. In September 2011, Van Dyke was replaced by Roger Rose.

Notable former on-air staff
 Len Berman – news and sports reporter, now retired (formerly at NBC Sports and WNBC-TV)
 Fran Charles – weekend sports anchor (now at MLB Network)
 Julie Chen – reporter & anchor; now host of the U.S. version of Big Brother, former co-host of The Talk (both on CBS)https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZRoeINnciec WDTN-TV Big Brother Star Julie Chen Reports 1996
 Jodine Costanzo – reporter (now at WPXI)
 Phil Donahue – host of The Phil Donahue Show, as described above
 Johnny Gilbert – local talk-variety show host in mid-1960s, as described above (now announcer on Jeopardy!)
 Gordon Jump – host of Gordon Jump's Fun Time and High Time''; also WLWD's director of special broadcast services (1961-1965)
 Jessica Moore – reporter (now at WCBS-TV)
 Dan Patrick – sports anchor (now at NBC Sports)

Technical information

Subchannels
The station's digital signal is multiplexed:

On January 1, 2016, WDTN added the Escape network (now Ion Mystery) to its lineup on its second digital subchannel, replacing a standard-definition feed of the main WDTN programming previously airing on that subchannel. On January 31, 2016, the station added the Justice Network to  its third digital subchannel. On February 1, 2018, the Justice Network was dropped, replaced by Ion Television, which was moved from sister station WBDT's DT3 subchannel.

On June 7, 2018, unrelated WKOI-TV began sharing WDTN's digital channel, with Ion Television programming appearing on virtual channel 43.1. WDTN also continued to carry Ion Television on virtual channel 2.3.

Sister station WBDT began sharing WDTN's digital channel on June 29, 2018; on that date, virtual channel 2.3 was dropped.

WDTN moved its digital signal from channel 50 to channel 31 on November 8, 2019, as part of the FCC's spectrum reallocation process.

Analog-to-digital conversion
WDTN shut down its analog signal, over VHF channel 2, on June 12, 2009, the official date in which full-power television stations in the United States transitioned from analog to digital broadcasts under federal mandate. The station's digital signal remained on its pre-transition UHF channel 50. Through the use of PSIP, digital television receivers display the station's virtual channel as its former VHF analog channel 2.

See also

Channel 2 virtual TV stations in the United States
Channel 31 digital TV stations in the United States
List of television stations in Ohio
List of television stations in Ohio (by channel number)
List of television stations in the United States by call sign (initial letter W)

References

External links

NBC network affiliates
Ion Mystery affiliates
Television channels and stations established in 1949
DTN
Nexstar Media Group
1949 establishments in Ohio


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My new holiday compilation "Merry & Bright" is available now at Starbucks including songs by all of your favorite singers: Michael Bublé, Celine Dion, Josh Groban, Andrea Bocelli, Mary J. Blige, Jackie Evancho and more!
RALEIGH, NC, Nov. 10, 2014– Five-time GRAMMY® Award-winning jazz pianist and world renowned singer, Diana Krall is pleased to announce the rescheduled U.S. tour dates for her "Wallflower World Tour" which had been previously postponed after a case of pneumonia. Krall's highly anticipated new album "Wallflower" was also postponed for release and is now confirmed to come out on Verve Records on February 3, 2015. To pre-order Wallflower please click HERE.
Krall's "Wallflower World Tour" will kick off in Boston, MA on Wednesday, February 25th at The Shubert Theater. The 26-city tour includes stops at some of the most prestigious venues across the country including The Shubert Theater in Boston and The Beacon Theater in New York. Krall will play Memorial Auditorium at the Duke Energy Center for the Performing Arts in Raleigh on Friday, April 24. For specific on sale and ticket information, please check dianakrall.com or www.dukeenergycenterraleigh.com. Fan club pre-sale tickets go on sale Wednesday, November 12th. Tickets to the Raleigh show go on sale to the public on Sunday, November 16 at 10 a.m. To purchase tickets for the tour, please visit http://www.dianakrall.com/.
The "Wallflower World Tour" will feature Krall performing pop classics such as The Mamas and the Papas' "California Dreaming" and the Eagles' "Desperado," and Bob Dylan's "Wallflower," which inspired the upcoming album's title track, among others. Krall will be accompanied onstage by Anthony Wilson (guitar), Dennis Crouch (bass), Stuart Duncan (fiddle), Karriem Riggins (drums) and Patrick Warren (Keyboards).
Diana Krall recently headlined The Montreal International Jazz Festival performing to over 100,000 of her most loyal fans. Diana Krall is the only jazz singer to have eight albums debut at the top of the Billboard Jazz Albums chart. To date, she has won five Grammy® Awards, eight Juno® Awards and has also earned nine gold, three platinum and seven multi-platinum albums. Her unique artistry transcends any single musical style and has made her one of the most recognizable artists of our time.
*** Please check venue website for specific on sale date.
Source: Diana Krall announces rescheduled US dates for "Wallflower World Tour" | Beach Carolina Magazine.
with the holiday music of David Foster.
With Michael Bublè, Celine Dion, Josh Groban, Mary J. Blige, Andrea Bocelli, Wynonna, Rod Stewart, Jackie Evancho.


text:
\section{Introduction}
For some given point sets which constructs corners of the shapes reconstructing binary images with disjoint components is an  important problem, for which there are several applications in digital/graphical games. Similar problems arise in the face of binary sensor networks. For all these applications, it is worth detecting the minimum number of noises which could be removed and caused construction of some separate components.

\begin{figure}[h!]
	\begin{center}
		\includegraphics[scale=.5]{Fig1.jpg}
		\caption{Some "Plus" sensors and some "Minus" sensors with their convex hulls.}
		\label{2_Convex_Hull}
	\end{center}
\end{figure}

For instance, sensor networks are systems including simple atomic sensors over a site that senses events and reports them or tracks moving objects. Generally, these sensors are without much complexity, and different sensing aspects can be applied in these systems to various targets such as temperature, light, sound, etc. For some applications, the sensor generates some information as little as one bit at each time step in order to provide an inexpensive communication. These kinds of applications generate a binary model of sensor networks.

\begin{figure}[h!]
	\begin{center}
		\includegraphics[scale=.7]{Fig2.JPG}
		\caption{Removing point $a$ yields two disjoint convex hulls and obviously $a$ is located outside of $CH(A) \cap CH(B)$.}
		\label{one-point}
	\end{center}
\end{figure}

It is assumed that in the binary model, each node can determine one bit of information and broadcast it to the base station. These kinds of problems can be formulated as follows \citep{aslam2003tracking}. Having a set of $m$ binary sensors $S = \{S_1,S_2,...,S_m\}$ consider a single sample $s\in \{-1,+1\}^m$ of data, produced at time $t$. The following lemma illustrates an approximation for the location of the tracked object which is outside the convex hulls of both plus sensors and  minus sensors.

\begin{lemma}
	 Let $s \in \{ -1, +1 \}^m$ be a sample of the sensor values and $X(t)$ be the location of the target at the time $t$. Let $A = \{S_i | s_i = +1 \}$, $B = \{S_j | s_j = -1 \}$, and $CH(A)$ and $CH(B)$ their convex hulls. Then $CH(A)\cap CH(B)=\emptyset$. Furthermore, $X(t) \not \in CH(A) \cup CH(B) $  \citep{aslam2003tracking}.
\end{lemma}

This application provides the opportunity to define new geometry problems whose logical versions  are $NP-hard$. Section 2 includes some subsections which represents results \citep{cygan2015parameterized} about these logical  problems. In the next subsection, a new problem related to convex hull is introduced, which is applicable to shape modeling and sensor networks, and solvable in polynomial time. As a result, a naive $O(n^3)$ algorithm is also presented and the next part includes an $O(n^2)$ algorithm. Finally, Section 3 concludes this study and suggests some new open problems.

\section{Two Disjoint Convex Hulls}

As it is mentioned before, this problem is similar to a version of $2-SAT$ problem which would be discussed in the following.

\subsection{Variable Deletion Almost $2-SAT$}
There are some basic hard problems in computational complexity which are $NP-hard$. Although $2-SAT$ problem belongs to class $P$, some versions of that like "Max $2-SAT$", "Almost $2-SAT$" and "Variable Deletion Almost $2-SAT$" are all $NP-hard$.  The last problem is known  in theoretical computer science under the terms $Almost 2-SAT$, $All-but-k$ $2-SAT$, $2-CNF$ deletion, and $2-SAT$ deletion \citep{razgon2009almost}.

In the "Almost $2-SAT$" problem, there are a $2-CNF$ formula $\phi$, an integer $k$, and the question that whether one can delete at most $k$ clauses from $\phi$ to make it satisfiable. In "Variable Deletion Almost $2-SAT$" (variable-deletion variant), instead, it is allowed to detecting at most $k$ variables. Each variable is deleted along with all clauses containing it. One can think of deleting a variable as setting it both to true and false at the same time. These two problems are NP-hard, and in this regard the following lemma had been proved \citep{cygan2015parameterized}.

\begin{lemma}\label{vardel}
	Variable Deletion Almost $2-SAT$ can be solved in $4^kn^{O(1)}$ time.
\end{lemma}

\subsection {The Main Problem}

Detecting  and testing the intersection between geometric objects are among the most important applications of computational geometry.
It is one of the main questions addressed in Shamos' article that lays the groundwork for computational geometry \citep{shamos1975geometric}, the first application of the plane sweep technique \citep{shamos1976geometric}. It is hard to overstate the importance of finding efficient algorithms for intersection testing or collision detection as this class of problems has many applications in Robotics, Computer Graphics and medical applications of image rocessing \citep{moradkhani2017new}, Computer-Aided Design, VLSI design \citep{toth2017handbook}, \citep{jimenez20013d}, \citep{lin1998collision}, the clustering problems in data science \citep{bohlouli2020data} and facility location problems \citep{hassani2020facility}.
In the plane, Shamos \citep{shamos1975geometric} presents an optimal linear algorithm to construct the intersection of a pair of convex polygons. Another linear time algorithm is later presented by O Rourke et al.  \citep{o1982new}.

For the testing version of the problem, Lemma \ref{barbaalgorithm} has been proved \citep{barba2014optimal}.

\begin{lemma}\label{barbaalgorithm}
	Let $P$ and $Q$ be two convex polygons with $n$ and $m$ vertices, respectively. The 2D-algorithm determines if $P$ and $Q$ intersect in $O(\log n + \log m)$ time\citep{barba2014optimal}.
\end{lemma}

As discussed earlier, the problems are applicable to binary sensor networks and target tracking. Assume that some of the sensors do not work properly in a binary sensor network; these sensors send incorrect signs. Clearly, if two convex hulls overlap, it means that some of the sensors are making mistakes (Fig. \ref{2_Convex_Hull}), but the reverse is not Necessarily right.\\
In some applications, the minimum sensors are ignored because they are prone to make a wrong sign at the moment. This problem is summarized as Problem \ref{minsignremoval}.

\begin{problem}\label{minsignremoval}
	\textbf{Minimum Sign to Remove:} There are a plus set $P_1$ and a minus set $P_2$ of points on the plane. For an integer $K\leq min\{|P_1|, |P_2|\}$, are there $K$ points in $P_1\cup P_2$ whose removing yields two disjoint convex hulls for $P_1$ and $P_2$?
\end{problem}

At first glance, it seems that the problem is $NP-hard$, and structurally very similar to Variable Deletion Almost $2-SAT$ problem. For some geometric reasons, however, the problem can be solved in a polynomial time. The following observations can be considered easily about two disjoint convex hulls of given points in the $2D$ plane.

\begin{obs}
	For two given sets $A$ and $B$ of points in Problem \ref{minsignremoval}, the minimum points which should be removed, might be located outside of $CH(A)\cap CH(B)$ (Fig. \ref{one-point}).
\end{obs}

\begin{obs}
	Removing each pair of points on a convex hull forces to remove all the points between them (either clockwise or counterclockwise), which are on the convex hull  (Fig. \ref{order}).
\end{obs}

\begin{obs}
	If we know  the regions containing only plus (minus) signs, the problem may become simpler(Fig. \ref{direction}).
\end{obs}

\begin{figure}[h!]
	\begin{center}
		\includegraphics[scale=.5]{order.jpg}
		\caption{Removing points $a$ and $d$ forces to remove either $\{e\}$ or $\{b, c\}$.}
		\label{order}
	\end{center}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}[h!]
	\begin{center}
		\includegraphics[scale=.7]{Fig4.jpg}
		\caption{All the sensors in region A (B) are plus (minus) and we can remove only  from region C.}
		\label{direction}
	\end{center}
\end{figure}

To decide whether two convex polygons are intersecting, the Separating Axis Theorem can be used\citep{boyd2004convex}, \citep{gilbert1988fast}. Clearly, for two not-intersecting convex polygons, there exists a line passing between them.
Obviously, such a line exists if and only if an edge of one of the polygons forms that line. The closest point of this line to the other polygon is one of its corners which is closest to the first polygon (Fig. \ref{separating_axis}). This edge will then form a separating axis between the polygons. And also if two middle edges of two polygons are parallel, both of them are separating axes. These are summarized in Lemma \ref{separationtheorem}, and the idea has been used in the algorithm of this study \citep{boyd2004convex}, \citep{eberly2001intersection}.

\begin{lemma}\label{separationtheorem}
	\textbf{Hyperplane Separation Theorem}: Let $A$ and $B$ be two disjoint nonempty convex subsets of $R^n$. Then there exist a nonzero vector $v$ and a real number $c$ such that
	$ <x , v> \ge c$ and $<y , v> \le c$
	for all $x$ in $A$ and all $y$ in $B$; i.e., the hyperplane
	$<., v> = c$, $v$ the normal vector, separates $A$ and $B$ \citep{boyd2004convex}.
\end{lemma}

\begin{figure}[h!]
	\begin{center}
		\includegraphics[scale=.7]{Fig5.jpg}
		\caption{Dividing axis for two convex hulls.}
		\label{separating_axis}
	\end{center}
\end{figure}

For every two arrays $A_{2*n}$ and $B_{2*m}$ of points in the plane, Algorithm 1 computes a cost for each line segments made by a pair of points. It chooses the pair with the minimum cost and returns the points that should make the separating axis.  As a result, the minimum number of removing signs (plus or minus) of Problem \ref{minsignremoval} will be represented. So a glance at the algorithm reveals that Theorem \ref{naive} is clear.

\begin{theorem}\label{naive}
	Algorithm 1 solves Two Disjoint Convex Hulls in $O(m+n)^3$.
\end{theorem}

\begin{figure}[h!]
	\begin{center}
		\includegraphics[scale=.5]{Primal_Plane.jpg}
		\caption{Primal Plane, red points $\{r_1, r_2, ..., r_7\}$ and blue points $\{b_1, b_2, ..., b_8\}$}
		\label{primal_plane}
	\end{center}
\end{figure}

\begin{algorithm}[h!]
	    \label{alg:TwoDisjointConvexHulls}
		\caption{A Naive Algorithm  for Two Disjoint Convex Hulls}
		\textbf{Input:} $n$ points with plus sign $P=\{p_1, p_2, ..., p_n\}$ and $m$ points with minus sign $M=\{m_1, m_2, ..., m_m\}$ in the plane.\\
		\textbf{Output:} cost $c$ and Indexes $i$ and $j$ which minimizes $cost[P, M]$.
	\label{alg:cost}
	\begin{algorithmic}[1]\baselineskip=14pt\relax
		\STATE $c=\infty$, $a=p_1$, $b=m_1$;
		\FOR{$i=1,...,n$}
		\FOR{$j=1,...,m$}
		\IF {$p_i$ and $m_j$ are the same points}
		\STATE $cost[i,j]=\infty$
		\ELSE
		\STATE $rightp[i,j]=$ Number of plus points in $P$ that are at the right hand side of line $ij$;
		\STATE $leftp[i,j]$= Number of plus points in $P$ that are at the left hand side of line $ij$;
		\STATE $rightm[i,j]$= Number of minus points in $M$ that are at the right hand side of line $ij$;
		\STATE $leftm[i,j]$= Number of minus points in $M$ that are at the left hand side of line $ij$;
		\STATE $cost[i,j]= min\{(rightp[i,j] + leftm[i,j]),
		(rightm[i,j] + leftp[i,j])$;
		\ENDIF
		\IF {$cost[i, j]\leq c$}
		\STATE $c=cost[i,j]$, $a=i$, $b=j$;
		\ENDIF
		\ENDFOR
		\ENDFOR
		\STATE Return $c, a, b$;
	\end{algorithmic}
\end{algorithm}

\begin{figure}[h!]
	\begin{center}
		\includegraphics[scale=.4]{DualParts.jpg}
		\caption{(a) Vertex $V_1$ is assigned to the starting cell in the upper envelope. (b) every other cell is labeled in any order and there is an edge between two vertices if and only if their corresponding cells are adjacent.}
		\label{ExplainAlg}
	\end{center}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}[h!]
	\begin{center}
		\includegraphics[scale=.5]{Dual_Plane.jpg}
		\caption{Dual plane of Fig \ref{primal_plane}, dual of points (lines) and a black point in a region that separates blue and red lines with minimum error (only $D(b_7)$ and $D(r_8)$ are at the wrong side of black point.}
		\label{dual_plane}
	\end{center}
\end{figure}

\subsection{An $O(m+n)^2$ algorithm}

As mentioned earlier, in this section a new fast algorithm is presented for the problem that uses the duality of given points. As illustrated in Fig. \ref{primal_plane}, if the dual space is drawn, $(m+n)^2$ regions appear in which $m=|A|$ and $n=|B|$. In order to find the optimal line $l_{opt}$ in the primal space, an optimal cell $cell_{opt}$ and a point $v_{opt}$ in it should be found in dual space that $v_{opt}$ demonstrates the dual of $l_{opt}$.

 For this purpose, firstly the dual line of all the given points in $A$ (plus signs) and $B$ (minus signs) is drawn in the dual space. Red and blue colors are assigned to dual lines of set $A$ and $B$, respectively (Lines 2-3). There appear $O(m+n)^2$ segments and half-lines in two colors in the dual space. The dual space is stored in a Doubly Connected Edge List (DCEL) in which the edge list contains the color of every edges as well. This process takes $O(m+n)^2$ time. At this time, a planar graph $G(V,E)$ (Lines 4-6) can be generated as follow.
 The starting cell which vertex $v_1$ is assigned to that, is the cell above the upper envelope (Fig. \ref{ExplainAlg} (a)). A vertex $v_i$ is assigned to every other cell in any order. There is an edge between two vertices if those are adjacent, so $E$ contains all the edges between every two adjacent vertices (Line 6)(Fig. \ref{ExplainAlg} (b)). The resulted graph has $O(m+n)^2$ vertices and edges, each of which processes once.

\begin{algorithm}[h!]
	\caption{Two Disjoint CHs by Dual Space}
	\textbf{Input:} Two set of $n$ plus and $m$ minus points\\
	\textbf{Output:} Optimal separation line to have minimum number of removal points and two disjoint convex hulls.
	\label{alg:dual}
	\begin{algorithmic}[1]\baselineskip=14pt\relax
		\STATE Compute the dual line for every points in $A$ and $B$;
		\STATE Generate DCEL for the arrangement;
		\STATE For each half-edges in DCEL assign label $r$ (red for Plus points) or $b$ (blue for minus points);

		\STATE Find the upper envelope of arrangement;
		\STATE Generate a planar graph $G(V,E)$;
		\STATE $V=\{v_1, v_2, ..., v_{(m+n)^2}\}$ in which $v_{1}$ stands
		for the cell above the upper envelope and  $v_{2}, ..., v_{(m+n)^2}$ for other cells;
		\STATE  Make $E$ by connecting every two vertices which their cells are adjacent;
		\STATE Set weight $w_1(v_1)=m)$ and $w_2(v_1)=0$, which $m$ is the number of red lines.
		\STATE Add $v_{1}$ to empty queue $\emph{Q}$;
		\STATE $V'=\{v_{1}\}$;
		\FOR{all item $u$ in queue $\emph{Q}$}
		\FOR{all vertex $v$ in $V$ which their cell are adjacent to $u$}
		\IF {v is not in V' and the segment between $u$ and $v$ is red}
		\STATE $w_1(v)=w_1(u)-1$;
		\STATE $w_2(v)=w_2(u)$;
		\ELSE
		\IF {v is not in V' and the segment between $u$ and $v$ is blue}
		\STATE $w_1(v)=w_1(u)$;
		\STATE $w_2(v)=w_2(u)+1$;
		\ENDIF
		\ENDIF
		\STATE Add $v$ to $V'$;
		\STATE Add $v$ to queue $\emph{Q}$;
		\ENDFOR
		\STATE Remove $u$ from queue $\emph{Q}$;
		\ENDFOR
		\STATE Find the vertex $v_{opt}$ in $G$ with minimum $w_1+w_2$;
		\STATE Return $l_{opt}$=$dual(v_{opt})$, the optimal separation line in the prime space;

	\end{algorithmic}
\end{algorithm}

The next step is computing a pair of numbers $w_1$ and $w_2$ as weights of the vertices (7-25). Firstly, set $w_1(v_1)=m$ and $w_2(v_1)=0$, then set weights of the adjacent vertices according to the segment between them, so that if the segment is red decrease $w_1$ without any change in $w_2$ and if the segment is blue reduce $w_1$ and $w-1$ stay without change. Therefore, for each vertex $v$, $w_1(v)$ and $w_2(v)$ show the number of red lines under $v$ and the number of blue lines above it respectively.
Using a queue structure $Q$, the weight for all the vertices (Lines 8-25) is computed. In each step, when an unweighted vertex appears by crossing a red (blue) segment, $w_1$ ($w_2$) is decreased (increased) by one.
Computing the weight for new vertex takes constant time; hence, in $O((m+n)^2)$ time the weighted planar graph can be computed in which the weights $w_1(v)$ and $w_2(v)$ demonstrate the red lines below and blue lines above the cell containing vertex $v$.
In both sensor network application and finding two disjoint convex hulls, if the separation line is the dual line of vertex $v$, then $w_1(v)$ plus signs and $w_2(v)$ minus signs should be removed. Algorithm \ref{alg:dual} find the optimal vertex $v_{opt}$ with $min\{w_1+w_2\}$ and line $l_{opt}$ in Lines (26-27) in $O((m+n)^2)$ time. We can conclude all the results in Theorem \ref{alg:complexity}.

\begin{theorem}\label{alg:complexity}
	Let $A$ and $B$ be two sets of points in the plane, $|A|=m$ and $|B|=n$. Then Algorithm \ref{alg:dual} finds the minimum number of removal points in order to have two disjoint convex hulls in   $O(m+n)^2$.
\end{theorem}

\section{Conclusion}
In this  paper, a new  problem entitled "Two Disjoint Convex Hulls" was introduced. A useful application of binary sensor networks along with some observations were also discussed in detail. Furthermore, a naive algorithm ($O(n^3)$) and a faster one ($O(n^2)$) were presented. By swapping the sign of minimum number of sensors, another interesting problem aroused which was solved using the same algorithm. As for the future work, the results promise applications in computer graphics and wireless sensor networks. Moreover, considering the mentioned problem in higher dimensions is another fascinating feasible problem for further studies.

\bibliographystyle{unsrtnat}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


Five of Buffalo's first six batters of the inning reached with all scoring. Honeywell never finished the frame and the Bisons were on their way to a 6-1 International League baseball win before a crowd of 9,200 at Durham Bulls Athletic Park.
Making his third start with Durham since his promotion from Double-A Montgomery, Honeywell carried a decent 3.86 ERA into Sunday's start as he aimed to help the Bulls add to their five-game winning streak.
But Honeywell said any success he's had over those first two outs, covering 11 2/3 innings, hasn't come easily.
Smith, making his Bulls debut after starting the season in the big leagues with Tampa Bay, laced a line-drive double off the left-field wall to start Durham's first inning. Groundouts from Willy Adames and Jake Bauers brought Smith home for a 1-0 Durham lead.
Honeywell only allowed three balls to leave the infield while retiring the first nine Buffalo batters. One of the few balls well struck against him early was a liner deep to centefield by Mike Ohlman that Smith caught while running into the fence.
But in the fourth inning, Darrell Cecilani singled and moved to third on Christian Lopes' hard-hit double. Dwight Smith hit a fly ball to short left field that Adames ran down from his shortstop position. Still, Cecilani scored and Smith was credited with a sacrifice fly that tied the game at 1-1.
Honeywell walked Ohlman and gave up a Rowdy Tellez single loaded the bases. Jason Leblebijian's line-drive double brought home two runs for a 3-1 Buffalo lead. With runners at second and third, Honeywell struck out Shane Obitz and appeared ready to escape without further damage.
But Jake Elmore's single to right field drove in two more runs and Honeywell left the game with Durham trailing 5-1.
Durham (16-7), which leads the International League South Division, was unable to mount any rallies against Buffalo's pitching the rest of the game. The Bulls managed just four hits, only two coming after the first inning.


text:
Q: Least Squares "analytic expression" for fitting a 2D quadratic function to measurements I have n scattered elevation measurements: $ \{x_i,y_i,z_i\}_{i=1..n} $ that I want to fit a quadratic function to: $ z = ax^2 + by^2 + cxy + dx + ey + f$.
The problem can be written as a vector equation:
$$ \vec{z}= \bf{X}\vec{\beta}$$
where the 'ith row of X is:
$$ Xi = [x^2, x, xy, y^2, y, 1]$$
and
$$ \vec{\beta} =[a, b, c, d, e, f]^T$$
and solved by QR decomposition of X.
Instead I am considering another approach (the approach one typically uses for y = ax +b):
$ E = \Sigma (ax^2 + by^2 + cxy + dx + ey + f - z)^2 $
$ \partial E / \partial a=\Sigma 2(ax^2 + by^2 + cxy + dx + ey + f - z)x^2=0 $
$ a\overline{x^4} + b\overline{x^2y^2} + c\overline{x^3y} + d\overline{x^3} + e\overline{x^2y} + f\overline{x^2} - \overline{x^2z} = 0$
where the overline indicates average.
Likewise demanding that the derivative of E wrt to b, c, d, e and f are zero results in a linear equation for $ \beta $ where the matrix is a 6x6 matrix of average "moments".
This can then be solved by Cramer's rule.
There are some practical problems with this approach:

*

*There are many permuations of the "moments", finding them all is a hazzle.

*Cramer's rule requires that I find the determinant of a 6x6 matrix. The analytical expression for this is extremely long and difficult to get right, and I want to avoid using decompositions.

Therefore I was considering simplifying the approach by doing it in two stages:

*

*Do a Least Square Error fit of a plane to the data: $ z = dx + ey + f$

*Subtract the plane z values from all measurements.

*Fit a quadratic function to the data: $ z = ax^2 + by^2 + cxy $

Will the simplified approach give the same result as my "complete" approach?
Are there any issues with numerical stability that I must be aware of?


text:
Q: Need to update the Date format on my Google Mail Script I'm creating a Gmail script that includes 5 variables, one of which is a due date. I just want it to populate as MM/DD/YYYY, however, it is currently populating as Thu Sep 13 2018 00:00:00 GMT-0400 (EDT).
Is there a way I can do that? I've pasted my code below for your reference. Any assistance is much appreciated.
    function getRowsData(sheet, range, columnHeadersRowIndex) {
  columnHeadersRowIndex = columnHeadersRowIndex || range.getRowIndex() - 1;
  var numColumns = range.getEndColumn() - range.getColumn() + 1;
  var headersRange = sheet.getRange(columnHeadersRowIndex, range.getColumn(), 1, numColumns);
  var headers = headersRange.getValues()[0];
  return getObjects(range.getValues(), normalizeHeaders(headers));
}

function getObjects(data, keys) {
  var objects = [];
  for (var i = 0; i < data.length; ++i) {
    var object = {};
    var hasData = false;
    for (var j = 0; j < data[i].length; ++j) {
      var cellData = data[i][j];
      if (isCellEmpty(cellData)) {
        continue;
      }
      object[keys[j]] = cellData;
      hasData = true;
    }
    if (hasData) {
      objects.push(object);
    }
  }
  return objects;
}

function normalizeHeaders(headers) {
  var keys = [];
  for (var i = 0; i < headers.length; ++i) {
    var key = normalizeHeader(headers[i]);
    if (key.length > 0) {
      keys.push(key);
    }
  }
  return keys;
}

function normalizeHeader(header) {
  var key = "";
  var upperCase = false;
  for (var i = 0; i < header.length; ++i) {
    var letter = header[i];
    if (letter == " " && key.length > 0) {
      upperCase = true;
      continue;
    }
    if (!isAlnum(letter)) {
      continue;
    }
    if (key.length == 0 && isDigit(letter)) {
      continue;
    }
    if (upperCase) {
      upperCase = false;
      key += letter.toUpperCase();
    } else {
      key += letter.toLowerCase();
    }
  }
  return key;
}
function isCellEmpty(cellData) {
  return typeof(cellData) == "string" && cellData == "";
}

function isAlnum(char) {
  return char >= 'A' && char <= 'Z' ||
    char >= 'a' && char <= 'z' ||
    isDigit(char);
}

function isDigit(char) {
  return char >= '0' && char <= '9';


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Buy Viridian Olive Leaf - 30 vegetarian capsules in the UK from our online shop or directly from our independent Scottish store.
Olive Leaf Extract in a base of olive leaf powder.
We sell real Viridian and other Immune Support directly from our shop in Scotland and online throughout the UK.
Where can you buy real Olive Leaf 30 capsules safely online?
If you are wondering where you can buy Viridian Olive Leaf - 30 vegetarian capsules safely online in the UK, then shop with us.
We are an actual health foods shop; with real people selling real foods and products. Our award-winning independent shop is located in Stirling, Scotland since 1976. You can buy our Immune Support in store or safely place an order with us online or over the phone.
Olive Leaf 30 capsules - Viridian Olive Leaf - 30 vegetarian capsules in Immune Support and Herbal Remedies, Tinctures & Supplements.


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I will walk talk among men, and they will know me not, for today I am a new man, with a new life.
Muscle can split a shield and even destroy life but only the unseen power of love can open the hearts of men and until I master this art I will remain no more than a peddler in the marketplace.
Just as love is my weapon to open the hearts of men, love is also my shield to repulse the arrows of hate and the spears of anger.
If I persist, if I continue to try, if I continue to charge forward, I will succeed.
I will consider each day's effort as but one blow of my blade against a might oak. The first blow may cause not a tremor in the wood, nor the second, nor the third. Each blow, of itself, may be trifling, and seem of no consequence. Yet from childish swipes the oak will eventually tumble. So it will be with my efforts of today.
I will try, try and try again. Each obstacle I will consider as a mere detour to my goal and a challenge to my profession.
If I persist long enough I will win. I will persist. I will win.
I can accomplish far more than I have, and I will, for why should the miracle which produced me end with my birth? Why can I not extend that miracle to my deeds of today?
Nature knows not defeat. Eventually, she emerges victorious and so will I, and with each victory the next struggle becomes less difficult.
I will live each day as if it is my last.
Can sand flow upward in the hourglass? No. Yesterday is buried forever and I will think of it no more.
I have but one life and life is naught but a measurement of time. When I waste one I destroy the other.
Procrastination I will destroy with action.
All nature is a circle of moods and I am a part of nature and so, like the tides, my moods will rise; my moods will fall.
If I feel incompetent I will remember my past success.
If I feel my skill is unmatched I will look at the stars.
I will laugh at the world.
No living creature can laugh except man. Trees may bleed when they are wounded and beasts in the field will cry in pain and hunger, yet only I have the gift of laughter and it is mine to use whenever I choose. I will cultivate the habit of laughter.
These words, passed down from the ancients, will carry me through every adversity and maintain my life in balance. These four words are: This too shall pass.
Only with laughter and happiness can I enjoy the fruits of my labour.
Never will I be of concern that my goals are too high for is it not better to aim my spear at the moon and strike only an eagle than to aim my spear at the eagle and strike only a rock?
My dreams are worthless, my plans are dust, my goals are impossible. All are of no value unless they are followed by action. I will act now.
Now is all I have. Tomorrow is the day reserved for the labour of the lazy. I am not lazy. Tomorrow is the day when the evil become good. I am not evil. Tomorrow is the day when the weak become strong. I am not weak. Tomorrow is the day when the failure will succeed. I am not a failure.
Discipline me in the habit of trying and trying again; yet show me the way to make us of the law of averages. Favour me with alertness to recognise opportunity; yet endow me with patience which will concentrate my strength.
Success is one of the most difficult words in the English language to define. To you it may mean fame and personal power, to another it may be the acquisition of a million dollars, to many it is a happy home filled to capacity with love.
Many ideas grow better when they are transplanted to another mind.
All of us are beset by fairs and pain and doubts. We let ourselves get turned away from our goals by obstructions. But it is possible, as Marie Curie once reminded us, to change our world so that nothing in life is to be feared, only understood.
Five hundred years from now people will be writing about you. What they don't know they will invent. Why not give them authentic material?