This thesis describes a novel synthesis of polypeptides via N5carboxyanhydride (NCA) ring5 opening polymerization (ROP). For the first time, NCA ROP photo5initiation by using a photoamine generator was demonstrated. The active initiator cyclohexylamine was produced in# situ by the UV5induced breakdown of the photoamine generator. Two NCA monomers, benzyl5L5glutamate (BLG) and TFA5L5lysine (TLL) were chosen to demonstrate the process. Optimizing the photo system by exchanging of the chromophoric group of the photoamine generator and the associated exchange of the light source towards a blacklight lamp showed similar polypeptide products as in conventional polymerization. Moreover, synthesis of a silane5based photoamine generator, bearing the same chromophoric protection group allowed photo5initiated grafting of polypeptide from solid surfaces such as silica nanoparticles and silicon wafers. Polypeptide grafted silica nanoparticles showed a significant increase of their hydrodynamic diameter, detected by Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), and a significant weight loss, detected by Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA). Silicon wafer surfaces grafted by polypeptides showed a significantly higher hydrophobicity. Ellipsometry results, together with elemental analysis with X5ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and Time5of5Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectroscopy (Tof5SIMS) confirmed non5homogeneous polypeptide layers with a thickness of 3 nm. In addition, a novel drug delivery system was investigated by first synthesizing an amphiphilic block copolypeptide poly(benzyl5L5glutamate5b5L5arginine) (PBLG5b5PLR). This approach uses the PLR block as hydrophilic part, but also as Cell5Penetrating5Peptide for a potential selective drug delivery to diseased tissue. Two synthesis routes were investigated: (1) block copolymerization of BLG and the non5natural amino acid L5ornithine, which is modified after polymerization to the desired PLR block. The second synthesis route includes the ligation of the ROP5derived PBLG block with the Solid Phase Peptide Synthesis (SPPS)5derived PLR block. Both polymer materials were used for self5assembly studies.


text:
L'Information Awareness Office (IAO, Ufficio Informatore) è stato istituito dal Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA, Agenzia di Ricerca Avanzata in Progetti per la Difesa), l'agenzia per la ricerca e lo sviluppo del Dipartimento della Difesa degli Stati Uniti, nel gennaio 2002 per accorpare diversi progetti del DARPA concentrati nell'applicazione della tecnologia informatizzata per contrastare minacce alla sicurezza nazionale.

La missione dell'IAO era rivolta a "immagine, sviluppo, applicazione, integrazione, dimostrazione e tecnologie, componenti e prototipi per il passaggio di informazioni, cicli-ridondanti, sistemi di informazioni in grado di contrastare minacce asimmetriche attraverso l'ottenimento della conoscenza della totalità dell'informazione". In seguito alle critiche mosse che lo sviluppo e l'impiego di queste tecnologie potrebbero potenzialmente condurre ad un sistema di sorveglianza di massa, il Congresso degli Stati Uniti nel 2003 non rinnovò il finanziamento, quindi i progetti continuarono fuori dell'IAO per attingere da altri finanziamenti.

Storia
L'IAO fu istituita dal DARPA dopo gli attentati dell'11 settembre 2001 per riunire alcuni progetti del DARPA sotto il controllo direttivo di un ufficio tecnico mirato allo sviluppo di tecnologia informatizzata avanzata per contrastare minacce terroristiche. L'amministratore John Poindexter, ex consulente della sicurezza nazionale degli Stati Uniti durante la presidenza di Ronald Reagan, fu il primo direttore dell'IAO.

Durante il mese di febbraio dell'anno 2003 l'IAO partì con il finanziamento per il Total Information Awareness (TIA) Program (tre mesi dopo, in maggio, il programma fu rinominato Terrorism Information Awareness Program). Nonostante il TIA fosse soltanto uno dei progetti dell'IAO, molti critici e notiziari confondevano il TIA con gli altri progetti dell'IAO, così divenne uso comune dire TIA intendendo l'IAO nella sua interezza. Lo stesso TIA era un piano sistematizzato del IAO inteso per integrare tecnologie informatizzate in un sistema atto a fornire strumenti alla difesa per meglio localizzare, classificare e identificare potenziali terroristi tra gli stranieri al fine di incrementare le probabilità di anticipare l'avversario. Essendo una rete di programmi, l'obbiettivo era la creazione di un'"architettura informatizzata di controspionaggio terroristico" che integrasse le tecnologie degli altri programmi. Il TIA era ricerca, sviluppo e tecnologia integrata per aggregare dati su un piano virtuale, per eseguire analisi di legami orientate sui soggetti, per sviluppare modelli descrittivi di predizione attraverso estrapolazione di dati o ipotesi umane, e infine di applicare questi modelli a qualsiasi raccolta di dati per identificare terroristi singoli o gruppi organizzati.

Tra i programmi del IAO atti a fornire il TIA di aggregatori di componenti di dati e tecnologie di analisi automatiche si possono annoverare il Genisys, il Genisys Privacy Protection, l'Evidence Extraction e Link Discovery, lo Scalable Social Network Analysis. Il IAO fu menzionato per la prima volta sul New York Times dal giornalista John Markoff il 13 febbraio 2002. Il 2 agosto 2002 il Dr. Poindexter rilasciò un'intervista al DARPAtech 2002 intitolata Overview of the Information Awareness Office dove descrive il TIA. Il 14 novembre 2002 il New York Times pubblicò una colonna di William Safire dove sostiene "Il TIA ha ricevuto 200 milioni di dollari per la creazione di fascicoli su 300 milioni di americani." Safire è stato reputato come colui che ha innescato il movimento anti-TIA

In aggiunta al programma in sé stesso, la nomina di Poindexter come direttore del IAO incrementò l'interesse tra alcuni dal momento che egli era stato condannato per falsa testimonianza al Congresso e per aver alterato e distrutto documenti pertinenti al Iran-Contra Affair, sebbene queste condanne furono infine ritirate per motivi tecnici in quanto la testimonianza usata contro di lui era protetta. Il 16 gennaio 2003 il senatore Russ Feingold presentò un disegno di legge per sospendere l'attività del IAO e del TIA in attesa dell'esito di un esame presso il Congresso per una possibile violazione della privacy.

In seguito ad un esito positivo, un provvedimento introdotto dal Senatore Ron Wyden avrebbe proibito il IAO di operare all'interno degli Stati Uniti se non specificamente autorizzato in merito dal Congresso e avrebbe affossato il IAO del tutto se entro 60 giorni dopo l'entrata in vigore del provvedimento il Pentagono non avesse imbastito per il Congresso un rapporto che stimasse l'impatto delle attività del IAO sulla vita privata e le libertà civili oppure se il Presidente non certificasse come vitali questi programmi per gli interessi di sicurezza nazionale. Come risposta a questo disegno di legge, il 20 maggio 2003 il DARPA fornì una relazione sulle sue attività.

In questa relazione, il IAO cambiava il nome del programma in Terrorism Information Awareness Program e enfatizzava che il programma non era designato alla compilazione di fascicoli sui cittadini americani, ma piuttosto alla ricerca e sviluppo di strumenti che avrebbero permesso alle agenzie autorizzate di raccogliere informazioni sulle reti terroristiche. Malgrado il cambio del nome e queste garanzie, i critici continuarono a vedere questo sistema potenzialmente soggetto ad abusi. Così, i negoziati tra Governo e Senato si conclusero nel Department of Defense Appropriations Act, 2004 (trasformato in legge dal Presidente Bush il 1º ottobre 2003), proibendo l'ulteriore uso di fondi in favore del TIA. Inoltre, il Joint Explanatory Statement concluse che il IAO chiuda i battenti all'istante. Nonostante il definanziamento del TIA e la chiusura del IAO, svariati progetti targati TIA continuarono ad essere finanziati come annessi alla Difesa e ai Servizi Segreti già dal 2003.

Per esempio, svariati progetti del TIA furono finanziati attraverso il National Foreign Intelligence Program per contrastare il terrorismo internazionale con il patrocinio del National Security Agency come attività di ricerca e sviluppo avanzate (ARDA, Advanced Research and Development Activity) annessa al 2004 DOD Appropriations Act come previsto dall'art. 8131 dello stesso. Recenti aggiornamenti suggeriscono che alcune di queste attività sono ora parte dell'ufficio per la tecnologia distruttiva (DTO, Disruptive Technology Office) che fa riferimento al Director of National Intelligence. Un imprecisato numero di funzioni del TIA sono state fuse col nome in codice "Topsail" ("Coffa").

Le attività
Le ricerche del IAO erano condotte maggiormente su cinque percorsi investigativi: problem-solving in collaborazione fiduciaria; disvelamento strutturato; analisi dei legami e dei gruppi; visualizzazione consapevole del contesto; come prendere decisioni seguendo una memoria collettiva. Tra i progetti del IAO che il TIA intendeva integrare vi erano:

 Genisys teso allo sviluppo di tecnologie per l'aggregazione di dati su di un piano virtuale allo scopo di agevolare le analisi attraverso banche-dati eterogenee tanto quanto attraverso sorgenti di dati pubblici destrutturati come il Word Wide Web.
 Genisys Privacy Protection tecnologia di sicurezza privata per la protezione di sorgenti e metodi segreti sensibili in un contesto di uso incrementato di analisi di dati per localizzazione, identificazione e tracciamento di minacce terroristiche. Queste tecnologie erano intese come abilitazione a un maggiore accesso ai dati per ragioni di sicurezza e al contempo come protezione della privacy fornendo dati critici ad analisti e impedendo l'accesso a informazioni riservate, focalizzandosi su transazioni anonime di dati svelandone l'identità solo in evidenza di prove di autorizzazione appropriata ottenuta per favorire una investigazione, con l'assicurazione che ogni abuso venisse localizzato e riportato.
 Genoa and Genoa II focalizzato nella fornitura di supporto decisionale avanzato e strumenti collaborativi per procedere con rapidità e riorganizzarsi nel far fronte a crisi sfuggevoli, consentito per collaborazioni tra diversi servizi segreti in tempo reale.
 Evidence Extraction and Link Discovery (EELD) sviluppo di tecnologie e strumenti per disvelamenti e estrapolazioni automatizzate in evidenza di legami contenuti in un largo ammontare di serbatoi di dati classificati e non
 Scalable Social Network Analysis atto allo sviluppo tecnico basato sulle analisi delle reti sociali per creare un modello sociale con le caratteristiche chiave dei gruppi terroristici così da discriminare sul campo questi gruppi da altri tipi di aggregazioni sociali.

Tra i progetti del IAO focalizzati sulla traduzione del linguaggio si possono annoverare:

 Effective Affordable Reusable Speech-to-text (EARS) per sviluppare tecnologia atta a una trascrizione automatica più ricca e più accurata del parlato che in passato. Un programma focalizzato alla traduzione del linguaggio parlato (trasmissione radio, intercettazione telefonica o altro) in molteplici linguaggi.
 Translingual Information Detection, Extraction and Summarization (TIDES) sviluppo di un processo avanzato tecnologico per abilitare operatori inglesi a trovare e interpretare informazioni critiche in vari linguaggi senza la necessità di conoscere gli stessi linguaggi

Altri progetti del IAO però non direttamente connessi al TIA erano:

 Human Identification at a Distance (HumanID) per sviluppare tecnologie di identificazione biometrica automatica per localizzare, riconoscere e identificare un umano da lunghe distanze.
 Wargaming the Asymmetric Environment (WAE) focalizzata sullo sviluppo di tecnologie automatizzate in grado di trovare indicatori predittivi di attività terrorista o di impedire attacchi attraverso l'esame del comportamento di gruppi e individui in vasti contesti ambientali e l'esame delle motivazioni di terroristi specifici.
 Futures Markets Applied to Prediction (FutureMAP) era inteso come atto a definire l'intelligenza collettiva attraverso tecniche di ricerche di mercato per evitare sorprese e predire eventi futuri. L'intenzione era esplorare la praticabilità di meccanismi commerciali per predire instabilità politica, minacce alla sicurezza nazionale e altri principali eventi nel prossimo futuro.
 Babylon per sviluppare rapide e bidirezionali interfacce di traduzione per il linguaggio naturalmente parlato ad uso dei plotoni in campo per la salvaguardia delle forze, per il trattamento dei prigionieri, e per il triage.
 Communicator per sviluppare e verificare la praticabilità di una tecnologia basata sui "dialoghi interattivi" che abilitasse un plotone a dialogare con i computer, così che l'informazione diventi accessibile sul campo di battaglia o nei centri di comando senza toccare una tastiera
 Bio-Surveillance per lo sviluppo della tecnologia informatica necessaria e creando prototipi in grado di localizzare automaticamente l'emissione nascosta di un patogeno biologico molto in anticipo rispetto ai metodi tradizionali.

Aspetti controversi
Critiche si estesero contro il IAO sui media tradizionali e su Internet da destra e da sinistra, da libertari e libertari civili, convinti che tecnologie di analisi su massicci aggregati di informazioni conducono a una forma di dataveillance che può minacciare le libertà personali. Per alcuni, questi sviluppi sono visti come uno scivolone verso uno Stato totalitario.

Altri credono che lo sviluppo di queste tecnologie è inevitabile e che quindi progettare sistemi e metodi per il controllo del loro uso è strategicamente più efficace che semplicemente opporsi.

Il ruolo nelle teorie del complotto

Il logo
Il IAO catturò l'attenzione di molti osservatori per l'uso del simbolo massonico dell'occhio nella piramide nel suo logo originale. Quel logo ritraeva l'Occhio della Provvidenza, ricavato dal Great Seal of the United States, che guarda la Terra, e il motto in latino scientia est potentia, ossia "conoscenza è potere". In più, "Iao" è un altro nome per la divinità suprema gnostica e per il Demiurgo come ci si riferisce durante il rituale massonico. La piramide ha 13 scalini, lo stesso numero che nella banconota americana da un dollaro.

Siccome la critica montò verso il finire del 2002, quel logo fu rimosso dalla pagina web ufficiale e rimpiazzato con un altro. Interpellati circa questa rimozione, il IAO rispose nel 2003 di febbraio con una "Dichiarazione riguardo al significato e l'uso del logo del IAO" in forma di FAQ. Le descrizioni originali del IAO e del TIA e le biografie dei membri anziani furono rimosse dal sito del DARPA benché restino largamente disponibili su Internet

Il pericolo della sorveglianza inversa
Diversi libertari e libertari civili si interessarono alle attività dell'IAO, poiché ritenevano che ciò costituisse il principio di una evoluzione verso un sistema di sorveglianza di massa come tratteggiato dallo scrittore britannico George Orwell nel suo romanzo 1984.

Il 27 novembre 2002, il cronista Matt Smith del San Francisco Weekly decise di illustrare al direttore del IAO John Poindexter il pericolo di proliferazione di informazioni riservate e pubblicò una colonna dove svela gli indirizzi privati e i numeri di telefono di Poindexter e dei suoi vicini di casa emersi da operazioni speciali autorizzate di sorveglianza telefonica. Questa informazione velocemente si diffonde su Internet, e alcuni contestatori crearono siti web ripubblicando quei dati personali e altri.

Note

Bibliografia
 Copie delle pagine originali del IAO un tempo disponibili su https://web.archive.org/web/20021123234437/http://www.darpa.mil/iao/ (June 12, 2002–June 3, 2003) possono essere trovate su Archive.org, Internet Archive
 John Poindexter, Overview of the Information Awareness Office (Appunti preparati dal Dr. John Poindexter, Director, Information Awareness Office, distribuiti alla conferenza DARPATech 2002 Conference) (2 agosto 2002).

Voci correlate
 Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency
 ECHELON,
 National Security Agency
 Carnivore (software)
 Intellipedia

Collegamenti esterni

Sicurezza di rete
Guerra elettronica
Servizi segreti statunitensi
Sicurezza informatica
Forze armate statunitensi
Analisi del rischio

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Tell me the names of Scotch whiskies that come to your mind now and I bet Chivas Regal comes quite at the top of your list.
But how many of you know that it was the first luxury whiskey, an Aston Martin One in the world of spirits? The year was 1909. Prohibition was still more than a decade ahead in the US.
A century has withered by, still the ripples that the Chivas Regal made at the beginning of the last century in America haven't yet died out.
James and John Chivas, brothers in a 14-member squad of siblings, could have spent all their lives in the place where they were born and brought up. They only had to take care of their Scottish farm. But at a very young age they could see a different path waiting for them, that would first take them to the town of Aberdeen and then to their glorious destiny.
The brothers found after the three-day trek to a city in mid-18th century, a world filled with opportunities.
While John started working at a wholesale firm, James went to work in a grocery store, the most prominent during the time, selling luxury goods and spirits to its elite customers.
The store's fame finally reached the doors of the palace, and Queen Victoria granted it the rights to supply goods and provisions to her royal summer palace.
Eventually, James became partner of the store and later brought his brother too into the fold.
At the beginning of the last century, the Chivas family started blending whiskies of various sorts. They became a rave.
After the brothers died, the company was taken over by Alexader Smith, who worked with Alexander Chivas, James' son. He decided to pay a tribute, and so in 1909, the then Master Blender Charles Howard brought out the first luxury drink in the whiskey world (and also the finest) - Chivas Regal 25 year old.
It was a huge hit. The company was then rebranded as Chivas Regal.
Since then generations of master blenders have been handing down the carefully guarded Chivas house style which has enamoured people by the millions. Frank Sinatra, the phenomenal singer, wanted a bottle at the backstage after every performance.
The rest of the hippie singers and artists made it get to stratosphere in terms of success.
In times of crisis, Chivas threw up magic which other spirits could never dare to. In the 1940s, when its sales dipped, what Chivas did was not to slash its price. Instead it doubled it.
Sales magically skyrocketed. Known in the spirit world as the Chivas effect, it threw into relief the conspicuous consumption among the emerging middle class.
Today, owned by the Pernod Ricard company, Chivas Regal is available in many expressions - Chivas 12, Chivas 18, Chivas 25, Chivas brothers Blend, Chivas Regal Family and in 2016, Chivas Regal, the Icon etc.
It all started with two brothers who could have spent their lives in their cozy farm in some remote place in Scotland. Instead they dared to dream. And as they woke up, believed that if they could walk for three days up to a distant town, they could catch up with that dream and turn into their destiny.


text:
HORSE SENSE & HEALING
LEAD-UP
Horse Sense and Healingyvettemd2019-06-26T01:01:24-07:00
Life-transforming workshops with veterans and first responders
The legendary "Horse Whisperer," Monty Roberts, runs free resilience-building workshops for veterans, police, fire, first responders and their families. The three-day program, Horse Sense & Healing, involves working closely with horses, including Monty's globally acclaimed "Join-Up" process. Over the three days, participants and horses develop a special bond built upon mutual trust and respect.
Join-Up is an effective tool to help participants rediscover themselves through the eyes of the horse to deal more effectively with emotional trauma, anti-social behavior and withdrawal, anger, stress, combat stress and Post Traumatic Stress Injury (PTSI).
Monty Roberts' methods demonstrate the deeply healing power of establishing a trusting relationship with horses without the use of force, causing a partnership with the horse. After three transformational days, participants can better understand how to control their anger, confront painful memories, cope with real-life situations and move on with their lives and relationships.
"We have been working with persons suffering from PTSI, over the course of five separate clinics each year. The results are coming in, and the outcome is fantastic. We have people laughing and getting back to a normal life who have been afflicted with PTSI for upwards of 35 years," says Monty Roberts. "All the way from Vietnam to Afghanistan, your local Police Station to the Ambulance Driver these injured heroes come home in a terrible state and need our help to reconnect with their communities. The horses are doing their work with incredible efficiency."
Learn more about Horse Sense & Healing's story below or use the links for quick section-access.
About Join-Up®
The Horse Sense & Healing Story
While tracking wild mustangs in Nevada as a boy, Monty Roberts observed a nonverbal communication between the horses, a silent language he would later call "Equus." Monty incorporates "Equus" into his nonviolent training approach called Join-Up®.
Monty Roberts first developed Join-Up to stop the cycle of violence typically accepted in traditional horse breaking. Convinced there must be a more effective and gentle method, Monty created these consistent set of principles using the horse's inherent methods of communication and herd behavior. The result is a willing partnership in which the horse's performance can flourish to its full potential, rather than exist within the boundaries of obedience. These principles are valuable tools to understanding what motivates horse behavior and increasing effectiveness in any application.
LEARN MORE ABOUT JOIN-UP
Veterans and First Responders suffering with Post Traumatic Stress Injury are welcomed and encouraged to apply for a future Horse Sense & Healing clinic.
Participants are selected by a committee. There is no charge to the participant for the program. Lodging is available at no charge should it be needed, and lunches are provided complimentary each day.
Individuals are welcome to bring a spouse, child (16+) or significant other to attend the workshop with them.
To apply, please fill out the form below or contact us for further information. Visit the MRILC's calendar for upcoming workshop dates.
Please select current locationCanadaInternationalAlabamaAlaskaArizonaArkansasCaliforniaColoradoConnecticutDelawareWashington DCFloridaGeorgiaHawaiiIdahoIllinoisIndianaIowaKansasKentuckyLouisianaMaineMarylandMassachusettsMichiganMinnesotaMississippiMissouriMontanaNebraskaNevadaNew HampshireNew JerseyNew MexicoNew YorkNorth CarolinaNorth DakotaOhioOklahomaOregonPennsylvaniaRhode IslandSouth CarolinaSouth DakotaTennesseeTexasUtahVermontVirginiaWashingtonWest VirginiaWisconsinWyoming
Any information you would like to include?
When Discovery Channel inquired about filming a documentary of Monty Roberts' work, we thought it would be about horse training. But back in 2010 there was a growing concern in the military community that Post Traumatic Stress was a cause for the suicide rate of 22 deaths per day in the United States.
Horse Sense and Soldiers was released on the Discovery Military Channel in September 2010 and the phones at Monty's office began ringing asking for a program as seen on the documentary to help veterans and their families cope with the effects of Post Traumatic Stress. Monty Roberts and his team immediately began creating a program with input from counselors and doctors who were experienced with Post Traumatic Stress – and Horse Sense & Healing was born.
The Horse Sense & Healing program has been helping veterans, their families and now first responders too, overcome past emotional injuries and learn to trust, communicate emotions and build resiliency to cope after deployment. Like the horse, a flight animal, these heroes have found it difficult to trust again. The military developed boot camps to train for war but very little is done to re-train our service personnel to reenter domestic environments.
The center of the experience of these 3 clinics is achieving Join-Up® with a horse. Join-Up is a form of communication between a horse and a human, based on a body language of gestures, like signing for the deaf. Leading up to the Join-Up, many skills of emotional control, focus exercises and breathing are shared. Learning why the horse is a uniquely qualified species to help heal, the participants leave the farm with a sense of peace and hope.
Join-Up International is a GuideStar Gold Participant
GuideStar is the public charity that collects, organizes, and presents information about every single 501(c)(3) charitiy. They provide information about each nonprofit's mission, legitimacy, impact, reputation, finances, programs, transparency, and governance, allowing you to make the best possible decisions for your donations.
Fulfilling the work of Join-Up International takes the help of passionate supporters who recognize the importance of education and what it takes to achieve our goals. Join-Up International, Inc. is a 501c3 non-profit organization, tax ID 77-0459889. Gifts are fully tax-deductible as allowed by law.
Our Horse Sense and Healing clinics are free-of-charge to veterans and run solely on donations and grants. Help us put these deserving veterans and their families through this program by Spreading the Word, Sponsoring a Veteran, or by Making a Donation.
Here is how to help:
You can make a once-off or monthly donation to Join-Up International using PayPal or credit / debit card by clicking the button below. Any size donation helps to improve the lives of veterans and their families in our Horse Sense & Healing Program.
Donate by Mail
If you would like to mail a check or money order to support our work at Join-Up International, please send your contribution to:
Join-Up International
Attn: Donations
Monthly Giving Plan
By giving monthly you can help ensure the sustainability of our programs.
Please call us on +1 805 688 6288 to discuss your options.
"If I can help people learn that violence is not the answer, how gratifying that is and how incredible." ~ Monty Roberts
LEARN MORE ABOUT JOIN-UP INTERNATIONAL
Join-Up International is a registered 501(c)(3) charitable organization, EIN 77-0459889. All contributions are tax deductible.
© Copyright 1997 - | Join-Up International Inc | All Rights Reserved

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
'World's longest Down's syndrome marriage' ends after 25 years after husband dies
An American couple who shared the longest Down Syndrome marriage ever have been parted from one another following the news that the husband had died.
After a long and difficult battle with Alzheimer's disease, 56-year-old Paul Scharoun-DeForge passed away, leaving his wife, 59-year-old Kris, by herself. Relatives of the couple believe that the marriage was the longest between two people living with Down's Syndrome.
Marrying all the way back in 1993, Paul and Kris (from Liverpool in the state of New York) met at a dance for disabled people in the 80s. "I looked into Paul's eyes and saw my future," Kris explained to Today.
In 1988, Paul proposed to the love of his life. "He made me laugh," explained Kris to the Washington Post. "I looked into his eyes and saw my future, and that's when I proposed to him… He said yes."
After five years of engagement, Kris and Paul got married in 1993, and Susan Scharoun, Kris' sister, says the couple had earned the right to choose their own future.
"They have an unconditional love. They totally complement each other," Scharoun said, adding that, although they had their differences, they did their best to support one another.
"She is more emotionally vulnerable and he has always been her rock," she said. "She would plan what they would do and really be responsible for the social events. They had a lot of struggles. I saw them as individuals who should have a right to make that decision."
Credit: Facebook
Marriage is a universal part of the human experience, and people have a universal desire to spend it with someone they love, said Erin Sobkowski, a lawyer and officer with 21 Connect, a community group educating people about Down's Syndrome.
Hearing that her husband had passed was, of course, a hard thing for Kris to process.
"We had to tell her he wasn't going to come back and it became really difficult for her," Scharoun said, adding that Paul had begun not to recognise people when his Alzheimer's began to worsen.
"When he would see Kris, he would just look at her, and you knew there was that recognition," Scharoun added.
Credit: Susan Scharoun
Paul had been in intensive care to help him with his condition, but in March, he was returned to inpatient care with a bout of pneumonia. Kris sat next to him, holding his hand and staying with her husband the whole time. Later, he placed his head on his brother's shoulder, and died peacefully.
"I was very, very upset," Kris said of her husband's passing, adding that she'd given him a picture of a butterfly that hung beside his bed. "I gave it to my sweetheart, and he loved it. I think of Paul flying up in the air … and being free."
On August 13, the date of their wedding anniversary, Kris plans to go to a special place to scatter Paul's ashes.


Welcome to Biology at Granite Hills High school, an International Baccalaureate school.
So what does it mean that you are attending an "IB" school? Well, it's simple! The IB philosophy describes our learners as Reflective, Balanced, Knowledgeable, Inquirers, Communicators, Thinkers, Principled, Caring, Risk-Takers, and Open-Minded. So regardless of any class title, be ready to do more than just learn some facts and figures. Be ready to investigate how everything you learn applies to the world around us, as well as how it relates to each of us personally.
There are three values that make up "The Code" at Granite Hills and they affect your grades, but also how people perceive you. The following are dictionary definitions of the three components of the code, but if you don't want to use those know that they mostly boil down to; Do your work, don't bug people, and take pride in your self and your school. Uses these values every day and you are sure to be not only successful here, but also in life!
Responsibility - The opportunity or ability to act independently and make decisions without authorization.
Pride - A sense of attachment toward one's own or another's choices and actions, or toward a whole group of people, and is a product of praise, independent self-reflection, or a fulfilled feeling of belonging.
Now some people will chose to be late to class, or not do their homework, or disrupt class. They'll chose to not follow the code. When they forget, I'll be sure to remind them that this isn't what we do at Granite Hills. Some might still continue to not follow the code. If this is the case, it isn't like we still don't care about you, but it's clear you can't do it on your own. At that point I'll contact our parent, refer you to your assistant principal, or give you a lunch detention. OH! And if you don't follow the code when there is a substitute it's important that you know that you will receive an automatic U for the grading period.
No, I don't want your organs, just a little help!
Volunteering to pick up extra classroom supplies (as listed to the right) for kids who can't afford it, or by donating financially for materials by clicking the button below, are both ways you can help out. Just contact me at gcasey@guhsd.net for more ways to help.
NOTE: If any of the materials are a financial hardship, please contact me to arrange an alternative.
1) A STURDY spiral bound 200-250 page notebook dedicated to only this class. If the interior paper is graph paper, it's not a problem. The important thing is that it is durable!
4) Glue (bottle or stick), or tape.
Each day you will need these materials to be successful. Please come prepared since not only will you be less able to complete the tasks, but you will also receive a lowered conduct grade because you can't do your work.
In Biology and Community Health you will be learning what is required in all biology classes under the NGSS state mandated guidelines, but in the context of public health.
* Ultimately your students will be producing a community health project which incorporates all of the material covered.
A very successful student (A or B grades) will also have the opportunity to join the Medical Pathway in their Sophomore year.
* Students will also be required to produce an original piece of research which we refer to as an internal assessment.
While these topics should be familiar to you from your freshman year, the content will go into much greater depth from both the standpoint of more specific content, but also through engagement with the content through the use of data. Analysis using statistics, determining the validity of data, dealing with uncertainty in measurement, developing appropriate experimental designs, critically considering bio-ethical issues, developing and interpreting complex graphical data, understanding the "nature" of science, and of course, examining societal influences on science are also all very important skills if we are to get you ready for the exam at the end of the year.
For you to be highly successful in this class you must be able to not only digest the content, but also, and far more importantly, be able to think deeply about processes and any uncertainty that might be inherent to those processes.
...HOMEWORK, TESTS, LABS, and PROJECTS.
Understand that the core of your grade comes from projects, labs, and tests which demonstrate your understanding of the material using the following generic five point rubric. In addition, you will also receive a homework grade each progress period (6 weeks) that uses the following three point rubric to describe your performance. Prior to all projects, labs, and tests, you will be given detailed study guides and/or complete project requirements on how to score the points you wish.
3 = The assignment was completed to instructors specification, perhaps with minor errors, but demonstrates a basic understanding of the material. (C) Note: The abilities of the typical biology student, based on my experience, is often used to calibrate the criteria for this level.
1 = Performance not to standard (F) - Missing multiple pieces.
2 = Performance has met the standard (C) - Complete with minor errors.
3 = Student performance has exceeded the standard (A) - All work completed to specifications and beyond.
FINAL POSTED GRADES My system is designed to really push students for exceptional grades and stimulates the inquiry process that is so important in science. At the end of the quarter, the student's total points will be compiled and a percentage will be calculated as follows: A=90+%, B=80-89%, C=60-79%, D=50-59%, and F being less that 50%. This percentage does not reflect the number of problems correct, but a student's overall performance level as judged by how well they understand the concepts.
WHY ALL THE TROUBLE? The reason I use this system is that it gives you a better understanding of what you are doing in class and to adjust for variations in criteria. The following analogy may help explain my point.
One of the best regular season hitters in baseball history was a San Diegan named Ted Williams. He is the last player to have batted .400 during the regular season in major league baseball. This was back 1941 and no one has done it since! If you don't know, this means that the greatest hitter in MLB history only got a hit 40% of the time! It also means he did not get a hit 60% of the time. 60% of the time he was unsuccessful! In spite of this, he is considered one of the greatest.
Now, on the other hand, we would not call a doctor who does surgery correctly 40% of the time one of the greatest!
So, as you can see, criteria can shift depending on the task. Sometimes I need students to be right 100% of the time and other times I need them to slog through and make mistakes as they tackle big ideas that may have no one right answer. This means that listing grades as performance levels (0-5 or 0-3) rather than the percentage correct is actually a more accurate way of describing the learning.
You will also be receiving grades for your conduct. If you were to look at all the rules found in the student handbook, you would realize that being successful really just comes down to two things, 1) do your work, and 2) don't bug people. So if you want to do well with all of your classes, just come on time and be prepared so you can do your work. Beyond this obvious rule, just be a nice human being. Each day that you don't do these things it will hurt your conduct grades directly, and your academic grade indirectly.
If you have any questions about the above policies, please feel free to contact me using the contact page found on this website or by emailing directly to gcasey@guhsd.net.


text:
Linajärv (est. Linajärv) − jezioro w gminie Mustjala w prowincji Saare w Estonii. Położone jest na północ od miejscowości Rahtla. Wchodzi w skład rezerwatu Koorunõmme looduskaitseala. Ma powierzchnię 3,1 hektara, linię brzegową o długości 1148 m.

Brzegi jeziora stanowią tereny bagienne, jezioro jest w dużym stopniu zarośnięte. Sąsiadują z nim trzy niewielki jeziora Ruusmetsa järv, Liisagu järv i Rahtla Kivijärv. Na zachód od niego znajduje się jezioro Kooru järv.

Przypisy

Jeziora w Estonii
Sarema


There's something about getting out into nature that shifts my inner patterns in a way I can't quite explain. The times I feel lost, confused, afraid, sad, desperate….or on the flip side when I feel grounded, at peace, happy, content, loved…every time I step into nature these emotions shift to a more positive outlook.
The older and let's say a little less dumb me says I embrace them all. From sadness to joy; from darkness to light; from empty to full the one constant thing I can do is GET INTO NATURE.
It helps it heals it shifts the flow from struggle to a little less struggle or joy to stoke. It's a good thing for me and many people I know. It's a great way to reconnect with others or connect back with the self. It makes sense. It's organic. It flows when it's sun or rain or snow. It is the essence of us all and thus crucial to connect and reconnect with over and over again.
Last weekend was filled with these outdoor shared experiences leaving me reminded to seek out more. We're lucky enough to live in an environment ripe with backcountry possibilities. No matter where you are seek out that park, path, piece of nature you can find.
Movement within it however you can move is the best medicine of all. Even if it means closing your eyes and imagining all the energy from a tree feeding your inner self. This action matters and so do you.


text:
Q: adding && \ to each line on a text file except last line I'm trying to add && \ on end of each line on a text file except the last line.
Sample input:
ps
mkdir repo
cd repo/
touch file1.txt

Expected output:
ps && \
mkdir repo && \
cd repo/ && \
touch file1.txt

First attempt
I tried this, but it outputs && \ on each line including the final line:
awk '{print $0"&& \\"}' RS="\r*\n\r*"

Second attempt
I tried using sed:
sed '1s/^//;$!s/$/"&&" \\/;$s/$//'

This seems to add extra newlines:
 ps
 && \
mkdir repo
 && \
cd repo/
 && \
touch file1.txt

A: You could use sed for something that simple:
printf "line 1\nLine 2\nLine 3\n" | sed '$ ! s/$/ \&\& \\ /'

Output
line 1 && \
Line 2 && \
Line 3

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


This week, the Alberta, Saskatchewan, and Manitoba Associations of Architects presented projects with the biennial Prairie Design Awards.
Since its inauguration in 2000, Awards of Excellence and Awards of Merit have been handed out to project teams in three categories—Recent Work, Interior Design, and Small Projects.
Small Projects: Assiniboine Park Washrooms (Peter Sampson Architecture Studio Inc.).
This year's awards were presented on May 28 as part of the Royal Architectural Institute of Canada (RAIC) Festival of Architecture held in Winnipeg, Manitoba.


#Ferguson roundup. White cop, black boy hug at Portland..
In Ferguson, Missouri, protests over a grand jury decision not to charge a white police officer who fatally shot an unarmed black teen are taking place at Black Friday sales.
16 arrested in Ferguson as protests continue across the U.S.
Five members of the French president's staff are reassigned as police investigate photos taken of Francois Hollande with an actress inside the Elysee Palace.
The big speech has been delivered – you can read our response here, but below we round up the reactions from around Europe – remember, the changes Cameron set out today based on Open Europe's research will require agreement from other EU leaders.
Swiss voters reject a referendum proposal to sharply cut immigration, according to projections from partial results on national TV.
Project Syndicate by Henrik Enderlein, et al.
With European growth barely visible, and dangerously low inflation causing real interest rates to rise, the weight of public and private debt has grown very heavy, and another lost decade may be at hand. France and Germany – which largely drove European integration for more than six decades – must not resign themselves to this fate.
Turkey's Constitutional Court is considering applications that call for lifting the 10 percent threshold in the Turkish election system, according to Constitutional Court head Haşim Kılıç.
Shrugging off disputes that could have wrecked other relationships, the strongmen leaders of Russia and Turkey are pursuing a tight alliance at a time of chilly relations with the West. Russian President Vladimir Putin meets Turkish counterpart Recep .
The pope's visit to Turkey is considered a message of solidarity with the Ecumenical Patriarchate of the Orthodox Church, which represents nearly 300 million Orthodox Christians worldwide.
BEIRUT (AP) — The Islamic State group launched an attack Saturday on the Syrian border town ofKobani from Turkey, a Kurdish official and activists said, although Turkey denied that the fighters had used its territory for the raid.
David Klein from Drexel University interviewed Dr C. Akca Atac for 'Changing Turkey in a Changing World' followers.
Dr. C. Akca Atac is an Associate Professor of Political History at Çankaya University in Ankara. She di d her PhD in History at Bilkent and pursued postdoctoral studies at the UCLA. She has publications in journals such as History of Political Thought, Turkish Studies andPerceptions, and she has contributed chapters to books published by Brill, I.B. Tauris and Honore Champion/Paris. She won second place in the 5th International Sakıp Sabancı research Awards in 2010. Her latest article which is a comparative reading of Niall Ferguson, Amin Maalouf and Ahmet Davutoğlu with respect to their takes on civilization is currently under review for publication.
The European Parliament voted on Thursday in a non-binding resolution to separate Internet companies' search engine business from other commericial activities. This could lead to Google being split up. Some commentators praise the Parliament for countering Google's abuse of its market dominance. Others call for concrete steps against the US company, for example in the ongoing antitrust dispute.
On the eve of two of the most momentous events of his young tenure as European Commission president – Thursday's failed vote of no confidence against him in the European Parliament and Friday's long-awaited decision on whether to sanction France or Italy for failing to comply with EU budget rules – Jean-Claude Juncker sat down for his first interview since assuming office with a small group of European newspapers in Strasbourg.
In the first six months of 2014, banks reclaimed over 26,500 homes. The dream of owning one's own home has, for many, turned into a nightmare of foreclosures, evictions, and over-indebtedness.
Carmen Martínez Ayuso, who is 85 years old, was evicted from her home of 50 years in Madrid on November 21. Her eviction provoked outrage, pledges of support by the neighbourhood football club, and scrambling by authorities to save face.
We've laid it out in our response today, but in an attempt to elucidate things we'll go into a bit more detail in this post. In addition to the general 'fairness' discussion – making sure that there's a link between what people put in and what they take out – the debate is now centred on the practical impact of the proposals.
The European Commission on Friday (28 November) presented a new proposal for the 2015 EU budget, after member states rejected it on 17 November. However, the new proposal is almost identical to the former one, and there is little chance that the institutions will come to an agreement.
The long-awaited European Fund for Strategic Investments was unveiled yesterday (25 November). The EIB, who will be investing 5 billion euros, hopes to wave its magic wand to mobilise 315 billion, without dipping into the Commission budget. EurActiv France reports.
Prime Minister Viktor Orban still dominates Hungary's political scene, in spite of recent large demonstrations in Budapest. But his political reforms and economic and foreign policies are raising more and more questions abroad as well as at home. If Orban thinks he can ignore such criticism, he is wrong: Hungary's economic development depends on its Western partners.
In view of the widespread poverty, unemployment and suffering of refugees, Pope Francis called on Europe to remember its fundamental values in an address to the EU Parliament on Tuesday. In Strasbourg the pontiff made an appeal for more European integration and encouraged politicians to believe in change, commentators write.
Pope Francis stands in "silent adoration" in Istanbul's Blue Mosque alongside the city's top Muslim cleric, on the second day of his Turkey visit.
Mark Lowen reports from Istanbul in Turkey on a visit by Pope Francis to the historic city.
The Turkish city of Istanbul recently made a bid to become the Europe's Green capital for 2017. But the move has left many locals scratching their .
The most comprehensive exhibition of photographer Şahin Kaygun, is on display atIstanbul Modern. The show features the original prints of Kaygun's .
A photo from "About Looking," Turkish director Nuri Bilge Ceylan's new solo exhibition, which opened on Tuesday at Dirimart gallery in İstanbul.
İstanbul Mayor Kadir Topbaş has vetoed a transformation project involving the Yedikule Gardens, a green area which sits at the foot of İstanbul's .
The İstanbul-based Asar-ı Atika antique art gallery and auction house is organizing the sale, set for Sundayafternoon, at the Conrad İstanbul hotel.
Seoul will have the opportunity to cast its gaze on the "Eye of Istanbul" for the near future with the opening of a new exhibition of 110 vintage photos by .
Not since 2004 has the world-famous Kronos Quartet appeared in İstanbul. For their once-in-a-decade performance, they brought eight .


text:
K-Beauty Style
They say the best things in life are free — and some things are, like sex, food samples at Costco, and finding an open seat on the subway during rush hour. But we'd argue that plenty of other great things requite a credit card and a beauty catalog of products. So when a brand delivers the news that it's having a sale for no reason whatsoever, we lose our shit. Which is where MISSHA's limited-time-only "Sheet Mask Café" comes in.
After showcasing some of its best masks at the Nordstrom K-beauty pop-up, MISSHA wanted to give fans even more sheet mask bliss… for a way smaller price tag. The K-beauty company is offering up the facial treatments for dirt cheap on the brand's website — we're talking 50% off every single one — with some of them selling for less than a McDonalds Quarter Pounder. Even better, none of 'em will cost you more than five bucks.
Oh, and if you order 10 masks, you'll qualify for free shipping. The only downside is that the sale won't be around forever, and some of the offerings are already sold out. But if you hurry, you can get it on the deal before it's too late. Click ahead to check out some of our favorites, then get ready for a race to checkout.


Thank you, everyone, for having me here today.
In regards to the video that you just saw combining Venus the 1980s Bananarama song and Venus the later brand of razor blades, I will introduce this talk with one observation.
I do not remember most "content" that I saw yesterday. But 25 years after seeing that TV advertisement, I still want to shave my legs whenever I hear the song Venus. And in case you have not noticed, I'm a guy.
Now, if you will indulge me, a short introduction. In my prior career, I was first a journalist and newspaper editor who later studied and moved into marketing. In my last job, I was director of marketing at a tech company.
Today, I write The Promotion Fix column on marketing and media for The Drum and travel around the world to speak about what I report. I use my dual experiences in journalism and marketing to discuss the marketing industry with the mindset of a neutral reporter. I have nothing to sell except my ideas.
So here, I will explore the "content" craze that we have seen over the past 10 years and argue that "content" is the worst word that the marketing industry has ever invented.
I just hope that here in the home of Franz Kafka, such an opinion will not turn me into a bug and force all of you to kill me.
A summary: People who use the word "content" have no idea what marcom collateral they want to create, no idea why they should produce it, and no idea how they should measure it. The word "content" means nothing precise, specific, or useful. We need an entirely different approach based on the traditional marcom process that very few marketers today seem to have actually studied.
And what did he mean? That the Internet allowed anyone to become a media company. But if you are selling a product — rather than the media itself — is that profitable? I will argue that it is usually not because media outlets are very different from consumer brands and tech companies. The business models that are most effective in each are not the same at all.
A decade after Bill Gates' essay, HubSpot declared traditional advertising to be "dead" and said that "inbound marketing" and "content marketing" were the future.
And what did that mean? Basically, publish cheap, informational blog spam, and spread it around the Internet to get clicks. Get the website visitors to give you their email addresses. Spam them until they buy.
But there were just a few problems — besides the fact that pushing ads masquerading as information out onto the Internet and sending out countless e-mails seems a rather "outbound" thing to do.
After journalists, marketers should be the most skeptical people on the planet because we know how to sell stuff. But too often, we fall for whatever marketing software companies say when they are selling us something. HubSpot — which sells an alternative to advertising — told marketers that advertising was dead and "content" was the new thing. And many marketers believed them without question.
But advertising is not dead. It's not even mostly dead. Total ad spend in the US, for example, continues to grow around 3% every single year.
And why do we even believe HubSpot? HubSpot is not a real, profitable company. HubSpot had been losing $40 million every year using the "content marketing" that the company preaches. But according to the financials from 2018, that net income loss increased to -$64 million last year.
HubSpot, like many startup tech companies, is a gigantic bubble that was designed to lose money, grow into a house of cards, and make rich VCs even more rich through an exit. It is not a real, profitable company. But so many marketers want to be like them, and I have no idea why.
You can have a terrible business model that only loses money. But if you have enough rich VC backers to pour money into your company, you can grow enough top-line revenue to appear successful.
And why is it a waste of money? I once had various high-tech software companies as clients at an agency. Part of my job was to write blog posts that the clients would then spam around the Internet to get clicks and leads.
The results of such "content marketing" followed the pattern of a typical long-tail curve.
The Y axis is the number of customer leads. The X axis is each blog post listed in order from most to fewest leads. Only a few – the 20% in green – resulted in any significant benefit.
And what did the green ones have in common? They were each produced as part of a specific, tactical marcom effort in terms of product advertising, PR campaigns or SEO. The ones in yellow – which were published just to publish something to spread around the Internet to get clicks – were a complete waste of money. Every dollar spent on this is better spent elsewhere.
Unless you are an actual media company – rather than a consumer brand or software producer that pretends to be one – you can safely stop most 'content' production.
When so-called "content marketing" works, it is through the use of traditional marcom tactics under the guise of that new buzzword.
But for some reason, many marketers still think about putting something informational on a website and then pushing it around online to get clicks, traffic, conversions, and sales for some related product. But that is neither efficient nor effective.
Marsha Lindsay of BrandWorks University said at EffWeek that there is a "content crisis" because output per brand per channel is up 35% per year but engagement is down 17%.
A new Meaningful Brands survey released by Havas found that 60% of the world's brands create "content" that is absolutely useless. And because of that, people would not care of 77% of brands disappeared.
Beckon chief executive Jennifer Zeszut told VentureBeat that "the current wisdom that brands need to be content machines is simply not supported by the data." Content marketing is up 300%, but only 5% is effective.
My question: Where is the evidence that busy people in the real world want to get informational material from the mustard, beer, or dishwashing soap brands that they buy? Everyday people do not give a second thought to brands more than the two seconds they use to take them off a shelf in a supermarket.
Now, it's not that publishing informational material just to include product ads is not profitable. It's also that the "content" buzzword has spread to refer to any and all marcom.
A speaker at Social Media Week said that "visual content" is the future of advertising — as though TV ads, graphical print ads, and online video ads have never existed.
Today, the word "content" is being used to refer to any and all marcom that companies transmit online. To say that we should do 'content marketing' is about as useful as saying "we should do marcom." Well, duh. The word "content" is too generic to be useful.
As Linux Journal editor Doc Searls puts it, "content marketing" minimizes the creative process and reduces marcom to the mass production of "widgets" simply to promote accompanying ads.
Why is it that an ad on TV is "advertising," but the same ad placed on a website somehow becomes "content"? I have a guess. Digital marketers are ashamed to use the word "advertisement" because so-called "inbound marketing" and "content marketing" were supposed to kill advertising, and the Internet was supposed to lead to an entirely different type of marketing.
The same term should be used for the same tactical marcom collateral regardless of where it appears.
But it does not stop there. The word "content" is also being used not only for marcom that promotes products but also for the products themselves.
I can now scan this QR code to get "content." But what does that even mean?
So, "content" is now anything that anyone puts online for any reason. But it gets even worse. "Content" is now anything that people do in the real world.
On Medium, Susan Su wrote that "everything we can read, see, hear, watch, or experience live" is "content." Seriously? How is that useful in any way?
The word "content" has come to refer to anything and everything that we create for any purpose and for any reason.
But remember: If a word means everything, it means nothing.
"Content" is just whatever is inside of something. It is meaningless. One of the worst mistakes in copywriting is to use the same word over and over again. It's boring, and it loses the audience.
Precision in language allows for clarity of thought. A lack of precision leads to sloppy thinking and terrible marketing strategies.
So, I have a challenge. Banish the word "content" from your vocabulary. Every time you want to use the word "content," think more precisely to understand exactly what marcom or product you need to create. And use that word instead.
If you are writing an opinion column for publicity, I know what you mean. If you are sending an email as part of a direct response campaign, I know what you mean. If you are doing a study for PR collateral, I know what you mean. If you are creating a brand advertising spot, I know what you mean. If you are creating informational material to rank in Google search results, I know what you mean.
If you say that you are going to produce "content," I have no idea what you mean.
Digital marketers need to be precise about what we are doing and use the correct terminology when creating strategies. Only then can we use the best practices within marcom that have been developed over the past century. Only then will we do our best work.
"We never call anything that's good "content." Nobody walks out of a movie they loved and says, "Wow! What great content!" Nobody listens to "content" on their way to work in the morning. Do you think anybody ever called Franz Kafka a "content creator"?
So, forget about so-called "content marketing." Use this process instead.
After the three product, price, and place Ps in the product marketing mix, we have promotion.
Under promotion, you take the customer-facing research that you should have done at the beginning to inform what tactics will you use, how will you measure them, what channels will you use in your media mix, and what campaigns will you create.
But the fallacy of "content marketing" is that marketers start all the way here at the end. They immediately think about what to produce long before even thinking about the prior steps. And that is why content markers endlessly debate what to produce, where to transmit it, and how to measure it. They are jumping ahead.
In the end, "content marketing" mass produces and distributes anything and everything without any strategic or tactical thought. And that is a waste of money.
In the promotion mix, there is a set of six tactics: advertising, direct marketing, public relations, personal selling, and SEO. Advertising creates mass awareness and builds brands. Direct marketing gets immediate, trackable responses from a specific, targeted group of people. PR is the maintenance of a favorable public image through activities such as media relations. Personal selling is what salespeople do. SEO gets a website found in search.
These tactics work together to achieve various marcom goals. There are pros and cons to every tactic, and there are specific ways to measure each tactic.
If your "content" is not marketing collateral that fits inside one of these boxes, it is a waste of time and money.
The most important thing to do at this stage is to create a prioritized tactical mix. What percentage of your marcom budget will go to each of these tactics? For every company and product, it will be different — and it will depend on the customer-facing research that you did at the beginning.
And now, the tactics. Direct response. It's cheap but boring. It's easily adjustable but never memorable. It's trackable but annoying. The primary metric is ROI — how much money you put in compared to what you get out.
And a lot of "content marketing" is just direct response by another name.
On the left, you have a classic ad that was made by David Ogilvy. Headline, informative text and graphics, and a call to action. On the right, you have a blog post. Headline, informative text and graphics, and a call to action. It's the same, exact thing.
Now, why is it that we put this in a newspaper and we're doing 'direct response advertising', but if we put this on a company blog, we're doing 'content marketing'? The channel and the medium do not determine the creative. The marketing tactic does not change simply because the channel changes.
And now, advertising. It is creative, but it can flop. It is memorable but sometimes expensive. It builds brands but is not directly trackable. The metrics include reach, brand lift, brand recall, and purchase intent.
Everyone knows Dollar Shave Club, but remember this: the company was bought by Unilever for $1 billion largely as a result of its famous first ad that reportedly cost in the low five figures. Creativity does not need to be expensive.
And now, PR. It builds credibility, but you have no control over what reporters will write. It can get natural backlinks for SEO, but PR campaigns take a lot of time. Appearing in credible media outlets builds trust, but trust is not directly trackable or immediately measurable.
The metrics include media impressions and brand sentiment.
Before I became a professional marketing speaker and writer, my last job was being the first director of marketing for a log analysis startup tech company. I got us in TechCrunch — and the following day I saw a surge in website traffic as well as personal interest from potential customers and future investors.
Now, it is impossible to connect the media appearance with the results directly, but not everything that is important in marketing will appear in an analytics dashboard. What is important takes place in peoples' heads. Most importantly, the appearance in TechCrunch gave credibility to my company because TechCrunch is credible.
And now, SEO. It gets you found in search results, but you are at the mercy of Google's algorithm. High rankings can provide a lot of traffic over the long term, but you cannot force the issue too much or you will receive a penalty. It helps to fulfill existing demand, but it cannot create demand like advertising does.
The metrics include organic traffic and search rankings.
And for the record, "engagement" is a useless metric for anything. Use the appropriate metrics for the tactics that have always been used. "Likes," shares, impressions, or retweets on average have no effect on ad recall, brand awareness, or purchase intent.
Use the metrics that, as described, match the tactic you are using — not whatever some analytics platform is designed to measure and tells you it is important to measure. Analytics platforms are machines. They measure only quantity but not quality.
So, how do you prioritize which tactics to use? Well, the first principle to remember is that sales activation and direct response pick the ripe fruit at the bottom of the funnel. Advertising and PR grow more fruit for future picking. Sales activation and direct response tell people what to do so they will buy today. Advertising and PR tell people what to think so they will buy tomorrow.
As Rory Sutherland put it, direct response is efficient at identifying existing customers. Advertising is effective at creating new ones.
For both short-term and long-term results, the best average tactical spend should focus 60% on advertising and PR and 40% on direct response and sales activation.
After all, direct response gets quick but small results. Advertising and PR get future but big results.
Here is the best representation. Direct response and sales activation – what you see in yellow – give the best returns in the short term. You spend some money and get a quick spike. But you always hit a wall. Most of the profit in the future comes from long-term advertising and PR campaigns.
Now, after you decide upon a prioritized tactical mix, it is time to create a prioritized media mix.
Marcom strategy is the decision of which tactics and channels to use — and which ones not to use. As Dave Trott says, strategy is sacrifice. If you try to do everything and be everywhere, you will only lose money — just like HubSpot.
You use the customer-facing research to decide which tactics to use. Then, you use the same research to choose over which channels to do it. After all, every channel has positives and negatives. Not all impressions are created equal.
This is a study from Ebiquity. Look at the chart on the right. Marketers think that — after TV — online video and social media are the second-best and third-best channels for advertising. It is not surprising. Think about how many people today just assume without evidence that we should be digital first or digital only.
But look on the left. The evidence actually says that TV, radio, newspapers, and magazines are the four best channels for long-term advertising effectiveness.
And why is that? For all of the digital hype, the average adult in the US spends the majority of his media use every day watching live TV and listening to AM/FM radio. Remember, we marketers are not the market. Normal people who do not work in marketing are very different than we.
Marketers love social media, but most people do not. 93% of marketers use LinkedIn. 14% of normal people do. 81% of marketers use Twitter. 22% of normal people do. And so on.
Further, TV is the channel that builds the most trust in a product. The Internet is the least. So, if you want people to trust your brand, then you may want to consider TV over online.
After all, if digital is so wonderful, then why is Facebook itself doing crisis PR over TV, print, and outdoor rather than using its own ad network?
And when you show the same ad over TV and YouTube, people are three times more likely to remember the company via TV ads.
TV is also the most impactful for the following reasons.
An ad on TV has a greater effect than the same ad on Facebook simply because more people actively view an ad on TV, and the ad takes up 100% of the screen. On Facebook, the ad takes up 10% of the screen and is often ignored because people are busy focusing their attention somewhere else.
Now, on the other side of the coin, TV has its negatives. In terms of what gets the most direct attention, cinema advertising is first because everyone in the audience is just sitting there and staring at a gigantic screen. Print is second. In this metric, TV falls behind digital display ads.
So, here is an example of how adjusting your media mix can affect results. This is another study from Ebiquity finding that on average, greater profits come from increasing investments in TV, radio, and digital video and decreasing spends on print, digital display, and outdoor.
So, what would I suggest that you do? Every company is different, but I agree in general with Nielsen's recent CMO Report, which found that traditional media in the real world is best for advertising and PR campaigns at the top of the funnel while online media is best for direct response at the bottom of the funnel. I would use that as a starting point.
But please, do not say that you are just creating "content." It is a terrible word that does nothing for your companies and clients.
Ladies and gentlemen, thank you for your time. If any of your events or companies might like an appearance, I would love to discuss this topic further.
I will leave you with one question: To bring this talk full circle, what is the best way to sell more razor blades in the long term? Is it "content marketing"? Or, is it using the Venus ad of today?
← How Much of the Internet is Fake?


Many international, regional, and local partner organizations have agreed in the need to establish long-term bird monitoring and research programs in the Americas. However, the challenge of developing national or international monitoring programs is difficult often because of the lack of qualified biologists or other resources in key regions. More fundamentally, locally-based organizations that may have personnel and resources that could be involved in monitoring programs often have their own goals and locally defined monitoring objectives. These objectives may vary among regions and countries, but must be supported when designing and funding monitoring programs. Here we present a monitoring strategy that allows locally-based organizations to generate results that will have relevance to their local management efforts, while enabling them to participate in wider, regional and international monitoring efforts that will help to determine population trends and habitat relationships of both migratory and permanent resident birds, at a scale far greater than any single monitoring effort. It also allows to address basic research questions of the ecology and natural history of migratory and resident bird species. Through a cooperative effort such as outlined here, and with the use of protocols that incorporate standardized monitoring methods, we can evaluate the efficacy of conservation and management actions throughout the Americas, while also fulfilling locally-defined conservation and monitoring objectives.


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Home > FYI
5 Everyday English Phrases You Didn't Realize Were Racist
By Distractify Staff
Words matter, and the origins of popular phrases and idioms we use in everyday speech can provide a telling insight into our history and way of thinking.
Too often, we parrot phrases, sayings, and idiomatic expressions without thinking twice about the racist notions they may evoke. And many times, the phrases — such as "master bedroom" and "blacklist," for example — are so commonplace, we don't realize their racially charged origins to begin with.
As we begin to take a more critical look at the language we use and how these phrases tie back to a darker past than we may have been aware of, here are some phrases with offensive and racist origins you may not have noticed.
A master bedroom is typically described as the home's largest bedroom, usually with an attached bathroom. The phrase first appeared in a 1926 Sears catalogue that featured a colonial home, in reference to the second floor's large bedroom and private bathroom. The term and the bedroom itself became more commonplace after WWII, as more working parents needed a private space within their homes.
Although it's unclear whether the phrase "master bedroom" is rooted in the American slavery system, it does use the same language and evoke that dark history. That's why a number of real estate agencies have started to use the phrase "primary" to describe the largest bedrooms and bathrooms in a home.
Unlike "master bedroom," this one's pretty clear in its origins and violent history. These days, a "lynch mob" is described as "a group of people who want to attack someone who they think has committed a serious crime" or a "group of angry people who attack or try to destroy something or someone."
But any history book will (should) tell you that the phrase "lynch mob" is quite literal in that it refers to a group of people (historically these groups have usually been white) who would torture and kill Black people for an alleged offense without a legal trial.
Lynchings were used to terrorize the Black community and were most often racially motivated. Offenses that led to lynchings could be as simple as a Black person speaking with a tone to a white person, or looking at them in a wrong way.
Uppity
Speaking of looking at someone the wrong way, the word "uppity" was coined by white Americans during the Jim Crow era to describe Black people that weren't showing enough deference when interacting with white people.
Unlike arrogance, which is a similar exaggerated self-importance, being "uppity" supposes that the person is acting in a way that suggests they have a dignity in themselves they're not supposed to possess. There are many historical examples of Black people being lynched for appearing too "uppity" — and more recently, the Duchess of Sussex, Meghan Markle was criticized for apparently being too "uppity" by the British and American tabloids.
Blacklist, Black Sheep, Black Market
A "blacklist" refers to a collection of people who are excluded, and the term dates back to the 17th century. Per the Douglas Harper Etymology Dictionary, it's a "list of persons who have incurred suspicion," coming from the negative implications of the adjective black, "here indicative of disgrace, censure, punishment."
According to a Journal of the Medical Library Association paper titled 'Blacklists' and 'whitelists': a salutary warning concerning the prevalence of racist language in discussions of predatory publishing, the writers note that the first recorded use of the term "blacklist" occurred at the time "of mass enslavement and forced deportation of Africans to work in European-held colonies in the Americas."
The scholars also note that the adjective "black" as used in terms such as "black sheep" and "black market" (where black implies "disreputable, shamed, illicit, or outcast") reinforces, legitimizes, and perpetuates racist culture.
"Hip hip hooray!" as a cheer didn't start out as a problematic phrase (like the phrase "to call a spade a spade," which didn't originate as a racist phrase but evolved into one), but some think the first part of the cheer calls back to anti-Semitic demonstrations in 19th century Germany.
According to Business Insider, "Germans cheered 'hep hep,' a German herding call, as they forced Jews from their homes across Europe."
To be safe, we might as well just say "Hooray!" when we want to express excitement.
If you are looking for ways to donate your time or money to Black Lives Matter and other antiracist organizations, we have created a list of resources to get you started.
The 20 Strangest Sentences in the English Language
Digital Etiquette Rules That You May Accidentally Be Breaking
If You're Looking to Support the BLM Movement, Start by Signing These Petitions
Latest FYI News and Updates


This is the perfect way for those who do not like beans to enjoy it. I can tell you that yours truly does not like beans yet, I can never get enough of Ewa Agoyin. I don't know what it is about it that makes it taste so good. Maybe it is the caramelized onions. All I know is that I enjoy eating it.
Soak the beans in cold water for 5 hours. Boil the beans for 5 minutes and discard the water. Rinse the beans in cold water and set aside. This soaking and pre-cooking process will help reduce the gas inducing elements. For more on that visit: How to Reduce Beans Bloating.
Chop the onions, grind the crayfish and pound the pepper.
Blend the tomatoes and boil the tomato puree till all the water has dried from it.
Pre-cook the diced onions without any added water. The aim is to get it to caramelize a bit so that it will take less time to fully caramelize during frying.
Cook the beans till done. For Ewa Agoyin, the beans needs to be very soft.
Note: If you have a pressure cooker, beans is one of the staple foods you will want to use it for. It considerably reduces the cooking time.
When the beans is done, add salt, leave to dry up all the water and set aside.
To keep the smoke to a minimum and still have the traditional taste of Ewa Agoyin, I use vegetable oil and when it is very hot, I add a small amount of palm oil. Watch the video below to see how I do that.
Now add the precooked onions and stir continuously till the onions is fully caramelized. It should be very dark in colour.
Add the parboiled tomato puree and stir continuously till you cannot tell the difference between the tomatoes and onions.
Add the pepper, crayfish, stock cubes and salt to taste. You can also add a little water at this point if your want.
Stir very well and bring to the boil. The Ewa Agoyin is ready!
Serve by dishing the beans into a plate and scoop some Agoyin stew on it. Ewa Agoyin can be eaten on its own, with soft and stretchy bread (known as Ewa ati Bread) or with Fried Plantains.


Sephora customers often prefer the following products when searching for Sunscreen For Sensitive Skin.
Browse the top-ranked list of Sunscreen For Sensitive Skin below along with associated reviews and opinions.
holy grail...Nice coverage...Awesome for sensitive skin...The sun protection is for real- I used it everyday on my vacation in the Dominican Republic and not only did it fully protect my skin from the high UV, but it made my skin look absolutely flawless.


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Avram Grant
Graham Potter Has Been Appointed As The New Permanent Manager For Chelsea
September 11, 2022September 11, 2022 | EditorEditor | 0 Comment | 1:35 pm
Just recently, the fans of Chelsea were shocked to learn that the club had been deprived of their recently hired manager, Thomas Tuchel.
Although the players and the football experts had somewhat of an idea about the manager's possible termination no one knew it would be so sudden.
Graham Potter is the New Manager
The executives at Chelsea have just announced that they have appointed Graham Potter as the new manager. They have confirmed that Potter will not be a temporary or interim manager but a permanent one.
He will be replacing Thomas Tuchel and will be taking full responsibility for the team from this point onwards.
Todd Boehly, the owner of Chelsea was the one who decided that it was time to sack Thomas Tuchel and bring in a manager he thought was fit for the job.
Thursday Announcement for Potter
On Thursday, Chelsea officials announced that they have officially removed Thomas Tuchel as the manager of the club.
They confirmed that he had been replaced by Graham Potter. For the past three years, Graham Potter had been the manager at Brighton.
Following the news of Tuchel being sacked, the 47-year-old Amex Stadium manager has been moved to Chelsea.
Graham Potter's Contract
Graham Potter has been offered a long-term contract at Chelsea. For Tuchel, the contract at Chelsea was for 18 months only.
However, Potter's contract is going to remain intact for a longer period. The officials have confirmed that Potter has signed a 5-year contract with Chelsea.
During this, Chelsea executives expect Potter to perform well and bring back the old glory days to the club.
For Tuchel, the situation became worse as Chelsea saw itself losing a match to Dinamo Zagreb on Wednesday, September 7, 2022.
The match not only ended in a loss for the club but it also showed how conflicted the situation was for the players. The players continued fighting even for free kicks and they were out of strategies and tactics against Zagreb.
Such conflict was enough for Chelsea Owner Todd Boehly to immediately make up his mind and decide to have Tuchel removed as the manager.
Senior Football Career
Graham Potter started his senior professional football career back in 1992 from Birmingham City. He concluded his career in the year 2005 while playing for Macclesfield Town as a left-back.
From 1992 to 2005, Graham Potter played in 320 matches while he scored 16 goals.
Potter started his football managerial career in the year 2011. The first team he managed was Ostersund and then he went on to manage Swansea City, and Brighton & Hove Albion.
Now Potter has a huge responsibility over his shoulders and he needs to ensure he is able to deliver.
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Avramgrant.com is an online hub of resources brought to you by Avram Grant, that revolves around the beautiful game of soccer. We are a loved online resource for those who are always looking for something about soccer, the teams that make up the soccer world, the clubs that embellish its fabric, and the stars who bring all the attention to it. While we serve as a place for you to know more from the world of soccer, it gives us the opportunity to share our undying love and passion for the game with you.
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Avram Grant Soccer Blog 2022 All Rights Reserved - Avramgrant.com is an online hub of resources that revolve around the beautiful game of soccer. We are a loved online resource for those who are always looking for something about soccer, the teams that make up the soccer world, the clubs that embellish its fabric, and the stars who bring all the attention to it. While we serve as a place for you to know more from the world of soccer, it gives us the opportunity to share our undying love and passion for the game with you | Online Israel News | Tel Aviv Times | Main Sports News |


As business grows increasingly international due to the interaction, exchange, and interdependence amongst nations, firms, and people around the world, more firms are confronting this exciting yet challenging dynamic.
Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are no exception. SMEs are important players in most economies around the world, and with the acceleration of globalization processes, a record number of SMEs have begun to take advantage of new environmental conditions presenting opportunities for international growth. SMEs are no longer considered to be miniature versions of large firms. Indeed, they are now understood to be particular enterprises with specific characteristics (Julien 1997), specifically in the ways in which they develop strategies for sustainable growth, approach investments, contribute to societal sustainability, and manage human capital.
Globalization both poses dramatic new competitive challenges and also offers new opportunities which are increasingly important to the competitiveness of enterprises of all sizes. Success in the global arena demands mindsets that can develop strategies by blending skills and experiences of entrepreneurial firms with those of large international companies.
This course aims to help students make sense of how this international dynamic impacts SMEs.
We begin by discussing the specific characteristics of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) paying particular attention to their prevalence, significance, and economic contribution to most economies around the globe, followed by an examination of their (dis)advantages. The course outlines various types of SMEs including but not limited to micro-businesses, startups, and family firms. Thereafter, we discuss the ways in which SMEs internationalize, and why. Theories of international business and sustainability will be studied, focusing specifically on SMEs and the ways in which they strategize in an ever more complex interdependent global business environment.
Preliminary assignment: The preliminary assignment is intended to help students get maximum value from ISUP courses. The lecturer will assign several readings and multimedia resources which students will be expected to have read and viewed before the course begins. Students will each be assigned questions pertaining the preliminary readings and will be expected to discuss these questions in the first lecture. This assignment is intended to help 'jump-start' the learning process before the first lecture.
Students who submit a problem formulation (max 1 page) by the midterm deadline (11 July) will receive personalized feedback intended to help the students further develop their research questions. Initial approval of the project topic will likely demand further iteration of the research question. Assessment at this midterm stage is intended to offer a preliminary assessment of the problem formulation's clarity, relevance, and likelihood of resulting in a good report.
Bartlett, C. A., Nanda, A. (1990). Ingvar Kamprad and Ikea. Case nr. 390-132. Harvard Business School.
Gordon, Ian. (2016). Two roads diverged in a wood; Strategic decision making in SMEs. Case number 816-0008-1. Lancaster, UK: Lancaster University Management School.
Zalan , T., Muzychenko, O., Burshtein, S. (2009). Atlassian: Supporting the World with Legendary Service. Case reference JIBE4-0CS2. Edinburgh, Scotland, UK: Neilson Journals Publishing.
Barney, Jay (1991). Firm resources and sustained competitive advantage. Journal of Management, 17 (1): 99-120.
Barney, J. (1995). Looking inside for competitive advantage, in Mintzberg/Lampe/Quinn/Ghoshal (2003): The Strategy Process, pp. 102-105.
Jensen, M. & Meckling, W (1976): Theory of the firm: Managerial behavior, agency costs, and ownership structure. Journal of Financial Economics, 3 (4): 305-360.
Mintzberg, H., & McHugh, A. 1985. Strategy formation in an adhocracy. Administrative Science Quarterly, 30: 160-197.
Porter, M.E. (1998). Competitive advantage: Creating and sustaining superior performance.
Wernerfelt, B. (1984). A resource-based view of the firm. Strategic Management Journal 5: 171-180.


Why does the way from the SOX-Act wording to procedure documentation cause so many a headache? Surely, with the request for Compliance Documentation the SOX-Act confronts the enterprises with an unusual task: Departments normally concerned with accounting, controlling, IT and others quite on a sudden have to deal with technology, law, risk management, the internal control system and so forth.
Keeping records of your internal business procedures seems to be a simple task. Everything was put in place long ago. But now it's different. You have to ascertain integrity, prove reliability covering the whole range from basic bookkeeping events to balance data reported. The SOX text itself is professional law: definitions are in place, everything is strict and stringent and focuses primarily on management responsibility. You are referred back to GAAP, IAS, the IT Governance Institute etc.
The problem cannot be resolved by analysing SOX and the sources referred to. It stems from the underestimation of the task of documenting complex procedures and objects; in simple words: nobody was or is able to give us a documentation standard! Established principles and standards everywhere, but when is comes to documentation all you find is big clouds like this one. It comes from a good source. Read it carefully and you will find no help at all!
We understand the "documentation" to be the structured arrangement of picture/graphic and text objects (letting video and sound aside). This compound is intended to give an abstract, but reliable and understandable image of the constantly changing reality of the accounting and IT universe; This arrangement of "documentation objects" cannot be carried out without a model – at all; a model that complies with human gnostics easing the process of understand by abstraction. The information contents are to be conveyed to the reader's mind fast – and find his approval.


Orange Tree Consulting (OTC) is a consulting firm specialising in the Business Intelligent Reporting integrated with the Strategic Education Training and Development (ETD) field. The owners of OTC are Odette Nagel and Dr. Debbie Smith.
OTC was founded in 2008 - Specializing in Integrated Talent Intelligence. OTC internalize Business Intelligence Reporting with strategic Education Training & Development. It has since expanded to include all aspects of strategic planning, facilitation and consultation. Although based in Pretoria, OTC's services are available across the whole of Southern Africa, and Internationally as with the alliance through some of its strategic partners.
OTC is dedicated to serving "authentic learning" in the realm of any given learning intervention, training strategy, or training methodology cross-cutting all components of any qualification.
We also have highly qualified staff specialising in the didactic of education and training.
OTC aims to contribute to the development of South Africa by rendering excellent professional service in the field of Organisational Improvement and Skills development. OTC will deliver training under the auspice of the Services SETA Seta. We are fully accredited with Services SETA, and also have a MOU in place with the ISETT Seta.


T1 and 35 World Champion Bjorn Dunkerbeck will be hosting a massive surf and windsurfing party at Boot 2007 in Germany. One thing is for sure Germans like windsurfing, they also like Beer lots of it. You want a beer, well you better get to the bar before the big man does or you might have to neck it against your will.
The event is going to be held in what is said to be the biggest and most beautiful locations in Germany, The Nachtresidenz Dusseldorf. The date of the big day is 27th January. Doors open at 22hrs and entry is 5 Euro\'s.


When I try to debug, it seems that $sopscats is not being populated (echo $sopscats; is showing "Array".
I see that count is greater than 0, but is only showing one, even though I have 3 categories created and set on 3 different posts.
EDIT: I have added a second category to the first post, and the filters are now showing and working properly. Seems as though the code is looking only at the first post in the set of post types, rather than at the entire set of posts.
Browse other questions tagged custom-post-types categories or ask your own question.
Custom Post Type or just Post Categories?


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Sebestyén Jenő (Gyönk (Tolna megye), 1846. december 24. – Budapest, 1897. március 3.) jog- és államtudományi doktor, kereskedelmi akadémiai tanár. Sebestyén Gyula igazgató-írónak testvérbátyja.

Élete

Gyönkön született, ahol apja a gimnázium rendes tanára volt; az elemi négy osztályt, valamint a gimnázium I. és II. osztályát atyai vezetés mellett otthon végezte. Ezután apja meghalt és ő anyjával és két fivérével Gyönkről elköltözött, úgyhogy a III. és IV. gimnáziumi osztályt Losoncon (1860-62.), az V.-et pedig Pesten az evangélikus gimnáziumban végezte; a VI., VII. és VIII. osztályokat a Prónay Gábor báró által Dezső fia kedvéért ideiglenesen fölállított magánintézetben Pesten töltötte és a megfelelő évi osztályvizsgálatokat mindenkor Pozsonyban az evangélikus líceumban tette le; ugyanitt szerezte meg 1866-ban érettségi bizonyítványát is «eximio modo».

1866-től 1870-ig a jog- és államtudományokat hallgatta és a következő 1871-72. évben úgy a bírósági, mint az államtudományi államvizsgálatot letette. Ez idő alatt, valamint már megelőzőleg a IV. gimnáziumi osztálytól kezdve, úgyszólván megszakítás nélkül folyton magántanítással foglalkozott. 1872-ben mint fogalmazógyakornok a budai pénzügyigazgatóságnál nyert alkalmazást. Ez állás azonban nem felelt meg vágyainak, azért két hónap mulva önként lemondott és az ügyvédi pályára szándékozott lépni. 1873-75-ig Schreyer Jakab budapesti ügyvéd irodájában mint ügyvédjelölt gyakornokoskodott. 1875 tavaszán Prónay Gábor báró megbízta Gábor fiának jogi tanításával. Ettől kezdve 1879 közepéig a Prónay-családnál volt. 1877 elején a budapesti egyetemen a jog- és államtudományok doktorává avatták. Az 1877-78. és az 1878-79. tanévet a fiatal báróval a lipcsei és utóbb a müncheni egyetemen töltötte. Lipcsében különösen Roscher előadásait hallgatta.

1879 őszén az eperjesi kollégium pártfogósága az ottani jogakadémia rendes tanárává választotta. Négy évig tanította a nemzetgazdaságtant, pénzügytant, pénzügyi törvényismét, közigazgatási jogot és statisztikát. 1881-82-ben a jogakadémiának dékánja volt. 1883-ban pályázott a budapesti kereskedelmi akadémiánál megüresedett nemzetgazdasági és jogi tanszékre, melyet el is nyert. 1883. szeptembertől az intézet rendes tanára volt; tanította a kereskedelmi ismereteket, nemzetgazdaságtant és a kereskedelem történetét. 1891-ben az Országos Közoktatási Tanács külső bíráló tagjává nevezték ki és mint ilyen számos tankönyvbírálatot írt. A közoktatási tanács által a kereskedelmi szakoktatás ügyében kiküldött több bizottságban mint meghívott tag működött közre.

A Fővárosi Lapoknak 1867-től 1873-ig rendes munkatársa volt és különösen sok beszélyt fordított; a Nemzeti Nőnevelésben 1880. VII., VIII. füzeteiben A fényüzésről írt; az Alexander Bernát által szerkesztett Paedagogiában A nemzetgazdaság középiskolai tanításáról; a kereskedelmi akadémia Értesítőjében 1884-ben A nemzetközi kereskedelemről szóló értekezése jelent meg, 1892-ben pedig: Széchenyi István működése nemzetgazdasági szempontból.

Munkái

 Kereskedelemisme. Bpest, 1886. (2. kiadás 1890., 3. k. 1894., 4. javított kiadás, sajtó alá rendezte Névy László Kereskedelem ismertető c. 1900., 5. jav. kiadás, átdolgozta és sajtó alá rendezte Erdélyi J. Jenő 1906. Uo.
 A kereskedelem története. A VI. ker. középkereskedelmi iskola I. osztálya számára; sokszorosította Rajháty Gy. Uo. 1888-89. (Kőnyomat a m. n. múzeumi könyvtárban.)

Szerkesztette az Eperjesi Lapokat 1880-ban két hónapig.

Források

További információk

 Bricht Lipót, A budapesti kereskedelmi Akadémia története. Bpest, 1896. 127. l.
 Schack Béla, Kereskedelmi iskoláink és tanáraik. Bpest, 1896. 18. l. és Pótlék 4. lap.
 Vasárnapi Ujság 1887. 11. sz. (Nekrológ)
 Corvina 1906. 29. szám

Magyar egyetemi, főiskolai oktatók
1846-ban született személyek
1897-ben elhunyt személyek


text:
Institute for Retired Persons opens spring lecture series
CHAMBERSBURG - The Institute for Retired Persons spring semester, beginning March 7, will consist of stimulating, thought provoking talks on a multitude of topics ranging from politics, foreign affairs, history, literature, theater, physics, climate change and more. Four one-day bus trips and an Egyptian dinner are offered, as well.
The series of 39 lectures at 9 and 10:30 a.m. Tuesdays, Wednesdays and Thursdays, runs from March 7 through April 27 at Wilson College, 1015 Philadelphia Ave., Chambersburg. Each lecture will be followed by a 15 minute question and answer time. Members attend the lectures they choose.
The semester opens with Dr. Michael Cornelius, English professor and English Department chair, Wilson College. He will present, Language Acquisition Theory: How Did I Start Talking? 9 a.m. March 7.
Author and Shippensburg University Political Science Professor Dr. Alison Dagnes will speak on the modern media in American politics on March 9. "It will begin with the anti-establishment? anti-media climate that has been growing for decades and move to how President Donald Trump succeeded in November and then examine the current news media climate and then consequences of discourse," said Dagnes, who is in the middle of writing a book on political media and uses interviews and research to explain how we got to where we are today. "It's a big topic but a fascinating one, a really fun topic to talk about with people." Dagnes has penned books on political media and political scandals.
Other talks include The Great American Solar Eclipse of 2017, Transcendental Meditation, Hamilton: An American Musical, Communication Across Generations, A Market-based Solution to Climate Change and more.
Bus trips will be to The National Museum of Civil War Medicine and the Rural Heritage Museum; "Showboat" at Toby's Dinner Theater, Columbia, Md.; The National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C.; and Mount Vernon, Woodlawn Plantations and Pope-Leighy House, northern Virginia.
IRP membership, per semester, is $25 or $40 per couple. Trips and an Egyptian lunch are extra.
Information, call John Ricca at 717-352-8996, email: johnricca@earthlink.net or visit: WWW.IRP-ONLINE.ORG


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Q: How to chart multiple Y using html chart helper in Asp.net MVC Hello all: I would like to have the option of charting two database fields together. Right now this charts just Cash for multiple years. I would like to also chart "OfficeSupplies" on the same graph. Does anyone know how to do that? I tried:
yValues: chartData, yFields: "Cash","OfficeSupplies");
... but that doesn't work. I'm getting the message: "named argument specifications must appear after all fixed arguments have been specified." Any ideas on charting multiple things at once?
Thanks,
Ruben
var chartData = db.FinancialPeriods.SqlQuery("SELECT * FROM FinancialPeriods");

var myChart = new Chart(width: 600, height: 400)
              .AddTitle("Cash Chart")
              .AddSeries(
                  chartType: "Line",
                  //chartType: "Bubble",
                  //name: "Employee",
                  xValue: chartData, xField: "Year",
                  yValues: chartData, yFields: "Cash",
              );

A: You can do like this way
var myChart = new Chart(width: 600, height: 400)
          .AddTitle("Cash Chart")
          .AddSeries(
              chartType: "Line",
              //chartType: "Bubble",
              //name: "Employee",
              xValue: chartData, xField: "Year",
              yValues: chartData, yFields: "Cash",
          );

          .AddSeries(
              chartType: "Line",
              //chartType: "Bubble",
              //name: "Employee",
              xValue: chartData, xField: "Year",
              yValues: chartData, yFields: "OfficeSupplies",
          );