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Justia Patents US Patent for Environmental control system Patent (Patent # 4,742,475)
Environmental control system
Sep 26, 1984 - IBG International, Inc.
An environmental control system for use in a greenhouse or another structure which requires the control of an ambient condition regulating element in response to a plurality of sensed parameters. The system includes a plurality of sensor elements and actuator elements, which communicate with a central control through communication interface units. In an illustrated embodiment the interface units communicate over previously installed AC power lines by frequency shift keyed signals. The interface units communicate to the peripheral control elements and the central control unit through serial digital signals. The central control maintains a protocol where, in response to operator inputs, time slots are assigned to different peripheral control elements to configure the system. Each peripheral control element is thereby addressed during its time slot and a sensor responds with data corresponding to a sensed parameter and an actuator executes a command. A unique framing character is generated by the central control at the beginning of each assigned time slot for alerting the peripheral control elements an address will next be generated and for synchronizing multiple central controls to a common time slot clock.
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This invention pertains generally to control systems of remote controlled devices, and more particularly to environmental control systems for use in greenhouses or the like which preferably utilize the existing AC power transmission lines for interelement communication within the system.
Control of the temperature, humidity and ambient measurements in a greenhouse, or the like, to enable the control of the environment therein can necessitate monitoring and controlling numerous sensing and control devices at various locations within the structure being controlled. Due to the large number of measurements and functions that are needed to be performed, computer based or computer compatible systems have been used to centrally control the monitoring and operating functions of an environmental control system, such as in a large buildings.
With the advent of complex systems of environmental control a great need has evolved for monitoring systems capable of monitoring a myriad of points with respect to conditions which must be continuously observed in order to assure proper and safe operation. Similarly, alarm conditions at the points must be immediately discovered and corrected, thus requiring systems that are capable of indicating alarm conditions as well as scanning the points.
Due to the great number of remote field points that must be monitored, conventional monitoring systems utilize a control center as a receiving and sending station for monitoring the remote points which generally are scattered over great distances. Some conventional systems utilize pulse width modulation or frequency modulation to address and monitor the field points. However, these prior systems have been extremely complex and expensive and are desirable only where extremely great distances are involved or in underdeveloped or inaccessible locations where the use of cable wires is impractical.
For environmental control in a building or complex of buildings, pulse width modulation and frequency modulation systems are generally impractical, and systems for such application are generally based on the matrix concept as can be seen from U.S. Pat. No. 3,300,759. While the use of matrices and binary coded addresses for field points does reduce the number of wires required below the number of wires required for each point to be individually connected to a central control, the reduction in the number of wires is not as great as is desirable, and the number of wires required is dependent upon the number of points monitored thereby decreasing system flexibility. These conventional systems suffer from the disadvantages of difficult installation due to the different addresses associated with each field location and difficult system modification once the system has been installed as the well as high cost of wiring. That is, each field location must be designed for a specific address thereby increasing inventory and installation time; and, if at any time additional field locations are desired to expand the system beyond the original design, additional wires are required to be installed.
Systems have been devised for reducing the number of dedicated communications wires required, such as shown in U.S. Pat. No. 3,613,092, but still suffer from the cost, time, and reliability disadvantages of requiring dedicated custom installed communication wiring.
Greenhouses provide weather protection and the correct environmental conditions for growing plants. Cultivation of the plants requires the atmosphere within the greenhouse to be maintained at a selected temperature and humidity level. Factors affecting the greenhouse atmosphere include heat gains and heat losses. For example, during long periods of sun exposure, abnormal amounts of solar energy enter the greenhouse which tends to raise the temperature.
Logical control of greenhouse environmental conditions has heretofore utilized, for example, 24 volt control systems with relays and solenoids individually wired together and strung out, or a computer based equivalent system (such as a programmable controller) with dedicated wires for communication and control lines strung out and wired among all control points and sensors. These systems have proved less than adequate in terms of cost, time for installation, and ease of maintenance, repair, and update of equipment. Additionally, communication among elements of the environmental control system is restricted to a dedicated control and custom wiring. Expansion requires new wiring in an installation, and modification requires rewiring the system.
A significant disadvantage of many prior systems involves system reliability and maintainability where a breakdown in one part of the system could effectively shut down other parts of the system. Thus, to increase reliability, redundant or backup equipment is often necessitated.
Accordingly, a general object of the invention is to provide a new and improved communication and control system which has general applicabilities to environmental control systems for structures of all kinds including, but not limited to, greenhouses.
A further object of the present invention is to provide a control system which does not require dedicated or independent wires for communication.
Another object of the present invention is to permit the expansion of a control system without the necessity of installing additional wires from a control center.
Still another object of the present invention is to utilize similar communication interfaces between elements of the system.
Yet another object of the present invention is to provide an improved environmental control system, especially suited for use in a greenhouse, which provides for communication between one or more central controllers and one or more peripheral elements of the system utilizing the existing AC power wiring.
These objectives are achieved in a preferred embodiment of the invention comprising a controller, or net master, communicating over the existing AC power wiring to a plurality of peripheral control elements including a plurality of sensors and actuators. The sensors can be interrogated to provide information as to the environmental conditions existing inside or outside a structure and the actuators can be commanded to control various actuated devices capable of varying the environment of the structure.
A communication protocol is followed where each peripheral control element is assigned a time slot of a time frame where the net master will only interrogate or command a particular peripheral control element during that time slot. This protocol provides a system which can easily be configured based on its time slot assignment such that a system is defined by the number and type of peripheral control elements assigned. The net master steps through the time slots of a frame and controls the actuators and interrogates the sensors in the order in which they have been assigned. The control cycle then repeats for the next frame and following frames until the system is reconfigured by assigning other peripheral control elements to time slots or by removing some of the elements from an assignment. Time slots which do not have a peripheral control element assigned are not used by the net master and are merely stepped over.
This produces a particularly flexible configuration which the invention uses to advantage in a number of ways. Initially, as an environmental controller for regulating the temperature of a structure, or a zone in a structure, different temperature stages are used which require different configurations of the system. These configurations can be easily programmed by using different time slot assignments for the separate stages.
Additionally, the management of zones in a controlled environment is facilitated by the time slot protocol. Multiple net masters can be provided which address the peripheral control elements of different zones without interference because of the time slot separation. Alternatively, two or more net masters can control different system configurations in one zone of a controlled environment without contention by this protocol. Redundancy is advantageously provided by the system where if one net master becomes inoperative, another can pick up its load by reprogramming the time slot assignments to take into account a different configuration or zone. The new net master for a zone does not even have to be moved to take control because of its remote communication capability.
As an additional feature of the flexible system protocol, all time slot clocks are synchronized adaptively between net masters. Each transmission of a net master contains a certain unique character which is used as a framing or synchronizing character by all other net masters. When a particular time slot which has been assigned to one net master is addressed, the transmission of that net master to the peripheral control element, either being commanded or interrogated, is also received by all other net masters. By decoding the transmission after the framing character, all other net masters synchronize their time slot clocks with the unique character and thereby the transmitting net master for that time slot. For each transmission by a net master the other net masters are thereby adaptively synchronized together maintaining an overall common time slot clock.
Transmission between a system control and a peripheral control element is preferably by means of communication interface units which are adapted to communicate bidirectionally over the existing AC power lines of a structure. In a preferred implementation an interface unit includes a transmitter which converts digital data into a frequency shift keyed signal for application of the AC power line and a receiver which converts a frequency shift keyed signal from the AC power line into digital data. The system control generally utilizes a receiver and transmitter for bidirectional communication as does a peripheral control element for a sensor which is to be interrogated and must reply. A peripheral control element for an actuator which receives commands need only be provided with a receiver.
The system, when used as an environmental control for a greenhouse, preferably includes three types of peripheral control elements which receive communications from a system controller. Initially, a vent actuator control is provided to regulate the opening of a vent in the greenhouse. The vent control receives a command indicative of the % amount that a vent should be opened and independently controls the vent to that opening. A second type of peripheral control element, termed an address receiver, is used to actuate devices which need only on-off switching for operation. A third type of peripheral control element controls the sensors needed by the system and in response to an interrogation will reply with data indicating the value of a sensed parameter.
A system control comprises a microprocessor based controller which has means for receiving operator input, means for communicating with the peripheral control elements of the sensors and actuators of a system configuration, means for displaying information to an operator, and means for controlling the system according to a predetermined control law.
In an illustrated application of the system for the environmental control of a greenhouse, a predetermined control law based upon indoor temperature is used. A plurality of temperature stages using different system configurations are programmed to produce control signals which regulate the inside temperature in the direction of a set point. In an illustrated implementation, exhaust fans, cooling pads, and vents are controlled by the peripheral control elements and actuate those devices for cooling the structure when the temperature is in excess of the set point. The exhaust fans, vents, and a heating means are controlled by the peripheral control elements and actuate those elements for heating the structure when the temperature is below the set point. Various combinations of these elements and various settings for each element are programmed for each temperature stage.
The actual temperature is periodically measured by a temperature sensor interrogated by the system control through a peripheral control element. As the temperature moves toward the set point through the different stages, different configurations of equipment are used to produce a programmed control. The different configurations are easily programmed by assigning particular equipment to separate time slots and addressing those time slots needed for a particular stage.
This operation has an advantage where the stages can be programmed for maximizing the cooling or heating effect the farther the actual temperature is from the set point and gradually reducing the effect through different configurations and stages as the actual temperature approaches the set point. This approach not only saves energy in an environmental control system, but for a greenhouse is particularly advantageous because it reduces the thermal shock to growing plants produced by normal on-off thermostatic controls.
In a greenhouse environment, additional features provided for the control system are a provision for multiple sets points and modification of the control program either by manual overrides or special condition overrides which are sensed. For multiple temperature sets points, a photo cell which is interrogated by the system control through a peripheral control element provides information about the light level in the environment. The system uses this light level information to switch from a day temperature set point to a night temperature set point and a separately staged program. Overrides to control the openings of vents for extreme environmental conditions such as rain and wind are provided by interrogating sensors which detect such conditions with a peripheral control element. Further, the control program can be modified automatically by sensing the outdoor temperature through a suitable peripheral control element. A manual override which directly controls the positioning of the vents is additionally provided to modify the program control.
These and other objects, features, and advantages of the invention will become more apparent and clearly understood from a reading of the following detailed description with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a system block diagram of an environmental control system constructed in accordance with the invention;
FIG. 2 is a pictorial diagram of a greenhouse with a plurality of peripheral elements for heating and cooling the structure which are controlled by the environmental control system illustrated in FIG. 1;
FIGS. 3a, 3b, 3c and 3d are pictorial representations of the system communication protocol for environmental control system illustrated in FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a front view of the system control unit for the environmental control system illustrated in FIG. 1 showing the operator control keys and displays available for interfacing with the system;
FIG. 5 is a tabular representation of a generalized control law which is executed by the system control unit to regulate the environment of a greenhouse;
FIG. 6 is a detailed electrical schematic diagram of the display of the system control unit illustrated by FIG. 1 and FIG. 4;
FIG. 7 is a detailed electrical schematic diagram of the control keys of the system control unit illustrated in FIG. 1 and FIG. 4;
FIG. 7a is a schematic flow diagram of valid sequences for the keys illustrated in FIG. 7;
FIG. 8 is a detailed electrical schematic diagram of the circuitry for the system control unit illustrate in FIG. 1 and FIG. 4;
FIG. 9 is a detailed electrical schematic diagram of the circuitry comprising the vent motor control illustrated in FIG. 1;
FIG. 10 is a detailed electrical schematic diagram of the circuitry comprising the remote sensor controller illustrated in FIG. 1;
FIG. 11 is a detailed electrical schematic diagram of the circuitry comprising the address controller illustrated in FIG. 1;
FIG. 12 is a detailed electrical schematic diagram of the circuitry comprising an interface means illustrated in FIG. 1;
FIG. 13 is a system flow chart of the software executed by the system control unit illustrated in FIG. 1;
FIG. 14 is a detailed flow chart of the subroutine TSLOT called in FIG. 13;
FIG. 15 is a detailed flow chart of the subroutine MCI called in FIG. 13;
FIG. 16 is a detailed flow chart of the subroutine SENSOR called in FIG. 13;
FIG. 17 is a detailed flow chart of the subroutine USRMCI called in the subroutines SENSOR and COMMAND;
FIG. 18 is a detailed flow chart of the subroutine MATCH called in the subroutine SENSOR;
FIG. 19 is a pictorial representation of the operation of the subroutine MATCH which locates the current stage in the temperature control program;
FIG. 20 is a detailed flow chart of the subroutine COMMAND called in FIG. 13;
FIG. 21 is a detailed flow chart of the subroutine RX called in FIG. 13;
FIG. 22 is a detailed flow chart of the software executed by the vent controller illustrated in FIG. 1;
FIG. 22A is a detailed flow chart of the ADDRESS SEARCH SUBROUTINE;
FIG. 23 is a detailed flow chart of the software executed by the address receiver controller illustrated in FIG. 1; and
FIG. 24 is a detailed flow chart of the software executed by the remote sensor controller illustrated in FIG. 1.
Referring now to the drawings, and particularly FIG. 1, a system implementation of the present invention is illustrated. A plurality of modular communication interface means 100, 102, 104, 106 and 108 are coupled to an AC power transmission line 110 and are additionally coupled individually to a system control unit 112, a system control unit 114, and peripheral control elements 116, 118 and 120, respectively. The communication interface means provide for bidirectional or unidirectional data communication via the power line between the control units 112, 114 and the peripheral control elements 116, 118 and 120.
In the implementation shown address, command, and data signals are communicated between the elements of the system by utilizing the existing power wiring which eliminates the necessity for special dedicated communication wiring. It will, however, become apparent that it is also possible to use radio frequency communication or dedicated communication lines rather than the installed power lines and still use many of the claimed features of the present invention as will be appreciated hereinafter from reading the detailed description of the system.
The system provides a control in which a number of remote elements comprising the peripheral control elements are remotely controlled by either one or more control units. In this manner, any number of peripheral control elements can be coupled to the power line and remotely controlled by the control units. This produces a system which is very flexible in configuration and which is easily adapted for many environmental control situations. For example, for the environmental control of a greenhouse one or more zones can be assigned to a particular control unit and controlled efficiently thereby or each control unit may have a separate zone to control with a different system configuration based upon the number and types of peripheral control elements which are controlled thereby.
The peripheral control elements can be of many types. In the illustrated implementation there are three types illustrated especially suitable for greenhouse environment control. For example, one of the peripheral control elements may be a remote sensor control 118 which provides communication between one of the control units and a number of sensors, such as, a humidistat 124, an indoor sensor 126, and an outdoor sensor 132. The indoor sensor 126 may have a temperature sensor 128 which can be of the aspirator type and a photo cell which provides a day/night sensor 130 and an indication of when to change set points. The outdoor sensor 132 can include a wind sensor 134, a rain sensor 136, and an outdoor temperature sensor 138.
Another type of peripheral control element includes a vent motor controller 116 which provides regulation of the speed and direction of a motor which opens and closes a vent 122. A third type of peripheral control element is an address controller 120 which controls a number of relays to operate on/off type switching functions for various system elements. In the configuration illustrated, the address controller 120 may be requested to operate such devices as exhaust fans 140, a heater blower motor 142, a gas valve 144 for the heater, a heater louver motor 146, or a cooling pad pump 148.
Because interface means 100 and 102 are bidirectional communication devices which output information to the peripheral control elements and receive information from them, they include a transmitter and receiver. Likewise, the interface control means 106 which communicates with the remote sensor controller 118 contains a transmitter and receiver. The interface means 104 and the interface means 108 which communicate with the vent motor controller 116 and address controller 120, respectively, need only to accept commands from the control units 112, 114 and, therefore, include only a receiver.
The interface means receive digital data from a communicating device and transform that data into a frequency shift keyed signal which can be inductively coupled to the power line 110. For those interface means that contain a transmitter, data is transferred to the interface means by a data line TxD and transmission is enabled by a transmit data signal TxEN. For the receiving function, data is transferred over the data line RxD to the communicating device after it has been converted from a frequency shift keyed signal to digital data. The system protocol and timing of the transmission and receipt of the information which may be addresses, commands, interrogations, or data will be more fully described hereinafter.
In the illustrated embodiment, each control unit performs a number of system functions. First, a control unit 112 provides a microprocessor base control system comprising a central processing unit (CPU) and associated memory coupled to an input means, such as a keyboard, and to a display means, and a communication device for transmitting digital data to the interface means 100. The control unit 112 of the environmental control system in accordance with stored program instructions and user input data performs the functions of system configuration control, task sequencing, communication linkage and protocol, system diagnostics, user interface, storage, and archiving.
The communication and timing protocol used by the system will now be more fully explained with respect to FIGS. 3a-3d. Each peripheral control element, whether controlling a sensor element or an actuator element, is enabled only in response to being addressed by one of the control units. Each control unit allocates time slots each dedicated to communication with a uniquely addressed remote element. Any number of addresses are possible with this system but a capability of 1000 is shown in the illustrated embodiment. A timing diagram illustrating the time slots is shown in the FIG. 3a where a frame of 1000 time slots is disclosed as being two minutes in length. The frame is subdivided into 10 subframes each containing 100 time slots, where each of the time slots is 120 milliseconds in duration.
Therefore, if a peripheral control element is assigned a time slot in one of the subframes, it is addressed once every two minutes in the present scheme. Thereafter, the cycle repeats until the system configuration is changed. It is seen that by using this type of protocol that every remote element can be addressed uniquely during its time slot and further that a system can be configured merely by assigning the time slot. Further, the sequence in which the remote elements are controlled during a frame is dependent upon the time slot assigned. This provides an extremely flexible system for providing control with different configurations of elements and for sequencing the elements at different times. Thus, all remote elements have not only a physical separation by address but a time separation by the the time slots.
Further, in the protocol for the system is a particular transmission format for each of the control units and peripheral control elements. The nature of the transmissions is dependent upon the type of remote element being addressed. Each piece of equipment has information transmitted into it in the form of a communication data string as shown in FIG. 3b. The communication string initiates with a C/M bit group, a constant mark, which may be as long as 30 bits to be able to lock up the phase locked loop in the receiver of the addressed element. Next, there is a byte FF containing a unique word which allows the time slot clocks of the multiple net controllers to be synchronized. Thereafter, each piece of equipment has an address of the form a byte T0TP and a byte T2T1. TP is a four bit BCD prefix or function code representing the subframe and T0T1 are two four bit BCD nibbles representing the particular time slot 0-99 within a subframe. Each byte is actually eleven bits of 1 millisec/bit. This is standard asynchronous data transmission protocol where each byte is headed by a start bit and ended with a stop bit which is followed by a parity bit.
In the present protocol, all addresses beginning with the prefix 1 (first subframe) are vent motor controllers 116. Since there are 100 time slots within the subframe, there can be as many as 100 different vent motor controllers addressed by the system. Similarly, all addresses with a prefix 2 are indoor sensors 126 and all addresses with a prefix 3 are outdoor sensors 132. All address prefixes between 4-8 are for devices controlled by address controllers 120. FIG. 3d illustrates a table of the present prefixes and their assignments to the peripheral control elements of the present configuration. It should be readily apparent that such assignment is arbitrary and can be changed for convenience, or to order the sequencing of the peripheral control elements if necessary.
The information is transferred at the beginning of a particular time slot using a burst transmission. The format for the transmission to a sensor is different from that which is used for an actuator command. For an actuator, a byte D0D1 following the address byte consists of a command consisting of two nibbles. The two nibbles, D0 and D1, are used by the peripheral control element to decode a command from the data received, such as the amount of opening for a vent or which particular relay to close. For a remote sensor, the format is that as is illustrated in FIG. 3c where the control unit merely sends in burst transmission the C/M constant mark, the unique character FF, the prefix, and the address byte. This sequence forms an interrogation of a remote sensor and the peripheral control device for a sensor replies to that interrogation. Upon receipt of the transmission from a control unit, the peripheral control element of a sensor will reply with a similar constant mark C/M and two bytes of data D0, D1, D2 and D3.
As an example, for the particular implementation shown when the address prefix is 2, the controller sends an address without any data to an indoor sensor and waits for temperature data D0D1 and a light level D2D3 to be returned to the control unit. In a similar manner, when the prefix is 3 the controller sends the address of an outdoor sensor to a peripheral control element. Temperature data D0D1 and rain or wind data D2D3 is then returned to the control unit immediately upon reception of the interrogation. In instances of transmission for either actuators or sensors to insure reliable data transfer the control unit repeats the transmissions five times before ending the data burst. The remote controlled elements must receive two valid identical messages in sequence before they will be accepted and acted upon.
At the end of each time slot, a control unit will select the next time slot and check to see if that slot has been assigned to the system configuration by a user. If so, it commences transmission in the formats previously described depending upon whether the time slot has been assigned to a peripheral control element which regulates a sensor or an actuator. During the initial transmission, the information is proceeded by the unique word FF which serves to synchronize all remote elements and indicates that some remote element address is forthcoming. The remote element whose address follows the unique word will then take appropriate action while all others go back to waiting for another unique character before they are enabled. The unique word FF also permits all other control units not having been assigned that particular time slot a chance to synchronize their time slot clocks adaptively to the clock of the transmitting control unit.
This system alleviates contention problems between multiple net masters by this facile method. If there are other multiple network masters or control units present on the network contemporaneously there are no contention problems as long as: (1) their respective users assign no remote addresses in common, and (2) the controllers share a common time slot clock. The latter consideration is of course the more difficult one to implement. Since even stable crystal oscillators exhibit drift phenomena, an adaptive time slot synchronization scheme is utilized in the present system. In this scheme each net master continually monitors all transmissions of the other net masters for the unique character FF. As soon as the unique character is detected and the ensuing address information is received, a net master which is synchronizing to the transmission is given precise information regarding the state of the time clock of the transmitting master. Thus, in an adaptive manner all net masters can count the time slots of the frame in lock step with one another. With this communication technique provision is included for digital data communication with multiple net controllers without contention problems.
FIG. 2 shows a structure, more particularly a greenhouse, advantageously using an environmental control system according to the present invention. The implementation shown is merely illustrative and many other remote controlled elements or different configurations could be used with the present system. The greenhouse structure 10 includes a number of ventilation structures to provide circulation of inside and outside air, including a top vent 12 and a side vent 38. Generally these vent structures are operated by a motor 22, in the case of vent 30, operating a rack 14 and pinion assembly 20. The motor rotates the pinion of the assembly 20 to position the rack 14 and open or close the vent as determined by a vent motor controller 24.
The open position and closed position of the vent are sensed by striking plates 18 and 16 contacting limit switches on the pinion assembly 20. Further, the pinion of assembly 20 has a group of magnets disposed in opposition to a sensor which, when the pinion rotates, counts the teeth of the gear so as to provide a position indication to the vent motor controller 24. Further, a manual vent control 26 is provided to override any remote control signals to the vent controller 24.
In a similar manner the vent 30 operates by means of a rack 43 and pinion assembly 42 positioning the vent between the full open position, as indicated by striking plate 44, and the full closed position, as indicated by striking plate 46. The vent motor 48 rotates the pinion of the assembly 42 to provide positioning in response to commands from a vent motor controller 40. The vent motor controller 40 receives feedback signals from the pinion assembly 42 indicating the number of teeth sensed on the pinion gear by a magnetic sensing assembly and the extreme position signals for the full open and full closed positions. As was the case for the vent motor controller 24, the vent motor controller 40 is connected to a manual control unit 36 which may override the remote signals to the vent motor controller.
A master or net control unit 34 remotely controls the two or more vent motor controllers shown in the drawing to open and close the vents according to a programmed control. In addition the control unit 34 can interrogate a number of remote sensors such as an indoor sensor 66 and an outdoor sensor 56. The indoor sensor 66 comprises a temperature sensor and a day/night sensor for indicating the light level in the greenhouse structure 10. The temperature sensor indicates the indoor or actual temperature of the greenhouse structure 10 which can be used to control that actual indoor temperature to any particular point. Another remote sensor that is interrogated by the control unit 34 is the outdoor sensor 56. The outdoor sensor 56 is coupled to a roof mounted structure including an anemometer 50 and a rain pad 52. The anemometer 50 gives information as to wind speed as an electrical signal and the rain pad transmits information as an electrical signal with respect to rain conditions via a cable 54 to the outdoor sensor 56. In addition the outdoor sensor 56 comprises a temperature sensor to give an indication of the outside temperature conditions.
For air circulation purposes, an exhaust fan 28 is used in combination with an address controller 32. The address controller 32 is adapted to switch the fan motor 30 on and off according to instructions from the control unit 34. The exhaust fan 28 may be used in combination with either heating or cooling means and the vents to produce an increase or a decrease in the indoor temperature of the greenhouse structure 10. Normally, several exhaust fans for a particular zone of a greenhouse will be controlled in this manner.
Generally, the cooling means are embodies as a cooling pad 58 through which water is circulated by a pump 60 fed by conduit 62. The pump 60 is remotely actuated by means of a address controller 64 which is under control of the central control unit 34. Turning on the cooling pad motor 60 allows water to circulate through the cooling pads and by evaporization provides an air conditioning effect for the inside of the greenhouse structure 10.
Additionally, a heating unit 68 is supplied to raise the ambient temperature when needed. The heating unit 68 includes a blower motor 70 for exhausting heated air through a controllable louver structure 76 which directs the heated air flow. In addition a gas valve 72 may be proportionally opened to provide the fuel for burning needed to heat the air. These devices are remotely actuated by address controller 74 which is under the supervision of the central control unit 34.
In a programmed sequence having different stages and temperature set points, the vents, exhaust fans, and cooling pads may be used to reduce the temperature in the greenhouse structure. The vents, exhaust fans, and the heating unit can be used to increase the temperature in the greenhouse structure 10. The indoor sensor 66 allows a switch from two temperature programs on the basis of whether the light level indicates a day or night condition in the structure. In addition the indoor sensor 66 provides a signal for indicating the actual temperature of the structure. The outdoor sensor may provide wind and rain overrides for the particular program executed by the central control unit 34 or a modification of that program because of outdoor temperature.
The peripheral control elements of the greenhouse environmental control shown in FIG. 2 communicate over the existing AC power lines shown schematically as connections 11. It is evident that other devices could additionally be included in this control and that more than just one or two of each device could be used. For example, if a number of vents or exhaust fans are to be used together, although they have different physical peripheral control elements, they can be operated simultaneously by assigning the devices the same address or time slot in the protocol. Each peripheral control element communicates with the control unit 34 over the AC power lines as described previously to provide an integrated environmental control for a greenhouse. Further, it should be noted that the equipment shown will allow control of only one zone for a greenhouse. Of course, similar zones could be set up by duplicating the equipment shown and controlling them with either the control unit 34 illustrated or another net master.
The operator input means and the display of information to the operator for the control unit 34 are more fully disclosed in FIG. 4 where the front panel of the control unit is illustrated. A key pad is used for the entry of information and has touch sensitive keys for numerical inputs 0-9 and for sixteen function inputs. A reset key is provided to clear an entire program of the control unit out of memory and a clear key is provided to zero a particular entry out of the memory.
Other keys allow the input of the program variables into the memory of the control unit 34. For example, to enter the address programming, the address key 212 is pressed and then a series of two digit numbers are entered upon request from the display 200 until all peripheral elements have been assigned addresses or time slots. At that point the address key is again pressed and the address entries are closed. The operator can assign any of the addresses 0-99 for any remote element depending on its prefix. Only one address, however, is assigned to any one element unless it is to act in parallel with another. To proofread the entries, the display key 232 is pressed in combination with the address key 212. The display 200 in response to this keyed request sequence produces the programmed addresses in sequence and numerical order. Input of the starting time for a real time clock is produced by pressing the enter key 230 and then the time key 220. Thereafter, four digits can be entered for hours and minutes and either the AM or PM keys 208 and 210 are pressed.
The programming of the day set point temperature and the stage temperatures may then take place by pressing the enter key 230, the day key 230, the set point key 222, the temperature key 214, two digits for the set point temperature and either the Centigrade or Fahrenheit keys 204 or 206. This is the entry of the stage 0 or day set point and will provide the temperature which the controller will attempt to maintain in the program. Next, a stage temperature entry is produced by pressing the enter key 230, the day key 226, the stage key 224 with a digit identifier, the temperature key 214 and two digits identifying the beginning of the stage temperature in either the Fahrenheit or centigrade degrees.
The same sequence is produced for entering the data for the remaining stages until the programming for all day stages has been accomplished. As was the case for the addresses, the stage temperatures may be proofread by pressing the display key 232, the day key 226, the set point key 222, and the temperature key 214. With this sequence the entry in the memory for the day set point may be determined. Additional temperature set points for any stage can be determined in a similar manner. If the memory must be altered after the display, the clear key can be pressed and the variable reprogrammed as described previously.
Following the entry of the addresses for the peripheral elements and the program temperature stages, the actual elements are assigned to the stages by another entry process. The operator presses the enter key 230, the day key 226, the stage key 226, a digit indicating the stage desired, and then the data key 218. The display responds with an address request to which the operator replies with the numerical keys in three digits. The display then requests either the percentage that a particular vent should be open or whether the actuated element of an address should be on or off. The display then calls for the address of the next device and the operator enters information as to the percentage opening or whether the device is to be on or off.
The process continues until all the elements for a particular stage have been entered and then the process is repeated for all the remaining day stages. The entries may then be proofread by pressing the display key 232, the day key 226, and the stage key 224 with an identifier number and the data key. Incorrect entries can be removed from memory with the clear key and then reentered as described previously. The night programming may be performed in a similar manner by setting the night set point and stage temperatures and then assigning the particular elements to the stages.
A manual key 236 is provided to allow the system to be forced into a particular stage. An operator may select a stage out of sequence, or temporarily drop a stage from the program, or lock the current stage into operation for an indefinite period of time. When the control is switched to the manual mode, the system operates only as programmed for the particular stage until another stage is called for manually or the system reverts to the automatic mode by pressing the auto or clear key 234.
In the automatic mode, the controller steps through the programs for the day and night entries controlling the elements as set forth in the sequential operation. Day to night program change is provided by the light level indication from the indoor sensor. During the automatic mode the display is in a roll over mode where particular information about the stage is being output continuously for five seconds each. The real time, set point temperature, inside and outside temperatures, and the current stage of operation are displayed. This display sequence will then be repeated until one of these parameters changes.
An example of a program and the operating conditions for each element in a program of seven stages is shown in FIG. 5. The ideal temperature of a structure at any given time is known as the set point and is the temperature boundary for stage zero of the control. Thereafter, temperature is controlled in stages or bands which can be of any temperature range desired. For each temperature band or stage, the percentage of vent opening and all remote on/off and proportional control functions are determined thereby fully configuring the system for each stage. Whenever the temperature rises above or falls below a stage temperature, the system begins operating all of the equipment which is assigned to the new stage. A built in delay avoids excessive cycling of the equipment as the temperature passes through the stage thresholds. Light levels are metered by the indoor sensor and determine whether the control unit operates in either the day or night program. The day program can be run during the night or the night program can be run during the day by either covering the photocell developing the light level control signal or by shining a light on the photocell as needed. It is also possible to adjust the threshold of the light sensor so that during dark cloudy periods when photosynthesis is not occurring the control unit will switch to the night mode and reduce the use of energy by the control elements.
The program shown illustrates a sample warm weather (Summer) program for pot mum production in a warm location such as the sun belt. The program is intended to conserve energy by using the mechanical cooling of the evaporation pad system only when all other less energy consuming cooling measures have been taken. For example, the side and roof vents are opened progressively through stages 1-5 until the temperature inside the greenhouse exceeds the 84.degree. threshold. In stage 6, the roof vent opening is completely closed to maintain any cooling effect that is provided by turning fan number 1 and the cooling pad pump on. As the temperature increases to 86.degree. at stage 7, the roof vent opening remains closed, the side vent is fully opened, both fans are on, and the cooling pad pump is fully on. It is noted that for a different section of the country, for different growing crops, or even at the same location but under spring, fall, or winter conditions the program would be quite different. The system can advantageously be programmed for all of these conditions or for many other structures, thereby providing the flexibility needed for various situations.
Referring to FIGS. 6 and 7 the front panel illustrated in FIG. 4 is shown in a detailed schematic form. The display comprises two parts which are a keyboard portion shown in FIG. 7 and a display portion shown in FIG. 6. The display as illustrated in FIG. 6 is used to drive eight 7-segment displays 310, 314, 318, 322, 336, 340, 344, and 348, along with their decimal points 312, 316, 320, 324, 338, 342, 346 and 350. In addition, light emitting diodes 302, 304, 328 and 330 are controlled for producing indications of an automatic mode, a manual mode, and for PM or AM indications, respectively.
The display elements are driven by two identical display driver chips 300 and 326. Each display driver chip, for example the one referenced 300, contains a brightness circuit including resistor 306 and capacitor 308 which couples between the power supply input +V of the driver device 300 and the brightness terminal BRT. Display driver 326 has a similarly connected circuit comprising resistor 332 and capacitor 334. Depending upon the values of the resistors and capacitors, the brightness of the particular display is controlled by the amount of current that is drawn through its elements.
The display driver devices also include an enable input EN, a data input DATA, and a clock input CLK. Serial data in digital form is provided on the communication line DAT1 to the data input DATA and is clocked into the driver device 300 by means of a clock signal CLOCK when the device is enabled with an enable signal ENABLE. The central processing unit of the system control outputs the serial data words to the device 300 over the DATA1 line which are applied to the outputs B1-B34 to light those particular elements in the display which have a logical one in their bit position. Those elements which have a logical zero in their bit position of the transmitted word are not lighted. Similarly, the central processing unit communicates with the device driver 326 via the enable signal ENABLE, the clock line CLOCK, and a data line DATA2. The displays are updated when necessary by the program to display the addresses, set points, stages and the peripheral control element assignments.
In FIG. 7, the keyboard connections for the display unit are illustrated. The keyboard comprises a 4.times.4 matrix including lines 376-382 which form inputs Y1-Y4 for the central processing unit and lines 384-390 which form inputs X1-X4 for the central processing unit. The central processing unit can strobe the inputs X1-X4, Y1-Y4 to determine the continuity between two lines because of the pressing of a key. The keys displayed indicate those matrix points which are connected together for a particular character or command. For example, lines 376 and 384 are connected by pressing push button 370 to indicate the numeral 1. Further, those lines are connected together to indicate a DISPLAY command with push button 372 or an ENTER command with push button 374. The particular lines which have continuity are decoded by the central processing unit into the particular character or command. For more than one character or command, the sequence of the entry determines the decoding process in the control unit.
FIG. 7a illustrates a flow diagram of the valid sequences from the keyboard. The decoding of the flow diagram sequences which have been described previously with respect to the entry of the addresses, stages, and equipment assignments are accomplished by a software decoding program. The sequence of key strokes are indicated on the top of the flow diagram connectors and the specific routines in the decoding program are represented by the dots between connectors and have the names given them. A specific listing for the decoding program is found at the end of the specification.
Referring now to FIG. 8 an electrical schematic diagram of the system control unit is illustrated. A central processing unit (CPU) 400 performs the keyboard and display interface functions in accordance with a stored program and provides communication to the peripheral control elements. In the illustrated embodiment the microprocessor 400 may be a model 8035 microprocessor manufactured and commercially available from the Intel Corp. of Santa Clara, Calif.
The program for the control of the system is provided in an EPROM 404 and a random access memory 406 is included for storing intermediate variables, flags, and the operator program for control of the system. The processor 404 has a multiplexed address and data bus D0-D7 and thus requires the utilization of an address latch 402 to prolong the address outputs while placing data signals on the bus. The EPROM 404 is addressed by twelve digits including the eight bits supplied by the Q0-Q7 outputs of the address latch 402 and four bits supplied by the port 2 pins, P20-P23. Upon enablement of its output enable and chip enable terminals OE, CE, respectively by a program store enable signal PSEN from the microprocessor 400 the EPROM 404 outputs an instruction onto the data bus. The microprocessor 400 receives the instruction via the data bus 401 and executes the instruction to perform a program cycle.
A random access memory RAM 406 may be addressed in a similar manner via the address latch 402 and two address lines P20 and P21 applied to its address inputs A0-A9. When the RAM 406 is addressed and selected, via its chips select input CS, a data word will be output on the data bus to microprocessor 400. Alternatively, when the RAM 406 is addressed and selected with the CS input it will accept data from the data bus 401 if its WE input is enabled. The RAM 406 is selected for either reading or writing from the output of a NAND gate 412 which has as one of its inputs the logic level on line P23 and as its other input the output of NAND gate 410. NAND gate 410 decodes the outputs of the microprocessor 400 to produce either read or write memory cycles from terminals RD and WR, respectively. The logic level on line P23 is used to choose between the RAM 406 and another I/O device 416.
The inputs from the keyboard X1-X4, Y1-Y4 are read by the microprocessor into the port 1 inputs P10-P17. The port 1 lines P10-P17 are able to read the bit inputs from the keyboard display indicating which lines are connected together by individual keys. Outputs for control of the display by the microprocessor 400 are port 2 lines P24-P27. P24 applies the clock signal CLOCK to the display while lines P25 and P26, respectively output serial data for the DATA1, DATA2 signals, respectively. Line P27 applies the signal ENABLE at the correct times to produce a display under program control of the microprocessor 400.
The microprocessor 400 also controls a universal synchronous-asynchronous receiver transmitter (USART) 416 which communicates with the interface means 100. The USART device 416 receives and transmits digital data in byte form from the microprocessor 400 and converts it into serial data which can be then converted by the communication interface bit by bit into a frequency shift keyed signal for coupling to the power line. Received digital data from the interface in serial format is input to the RxD terminal of the USART device 416 through a pull up resistor 418. For transmission to the communication interface the USART 416 provides an enabling signal TxEN from its ready to send terminal RTS. Serial data in digital form is transmitted to the communication interface via the line TxD from the transmit terminal of the device. The transmit line TxD is provided with a pull up resistor 420.
The transmission frequency of the data is determined by the input of a clock to the receive clock, RxC, and transmit clock, TxC, terminals of the USART device 416. The clock in this particular embodiment is derived from a 1.024 MHz clock output from the T1 output of microprocessor 400. The clock signal is applied to the CLK input of USART device 416 and is further divided by 16 before being input to the receive and transmit clock terminals of that device. The division is provided by a four bit counter 414 connected between the terminals, RxC, TxC and the T1 output of the microprocessor 400.
The control of the USART device 416 is supplied by the read, write outputs RD, WR, respectively, connected to similarly labeled inputs of the device and three outputs P70-P72 of an I/O expander device 408. The P70 output signal is applied to the chip select input CS, P71 is applied to the command or data select input C/D, and P72 is applied to the reset input RST of the device 416. These P70-P72 signals are generated from the address outputs P20-P23 of the microprocessor 400 by transferring of a nibble to the I/O expander device 408 upon a strobe from the PROG output of the microprocessor 400.
To send a data byte over the power lines the microprocessor 400 first selects the USART device 416 with the chip select input CS and thereafter brings the write line WR low and outputs the data byte on the data bus D0-D7. This will cause the USART 416 to receive the data byte and load it into a holding register for transmission. The microprocessor 400 can by writing a command over the data bus cause the stored data byte to be transmitted via data line TxD. For receiving data, the USART 416 inputs the data via the RxD input asynchronously into a holding register until the microprocessor 400 is ready to receive that data. Upon a command generated by bringing the RD output of the microprocessor 400 to a low level, the USART device 416 will place the received data byte on the data bus for input to the microprocessor. The transmission protocol of the USART 416 is such that during transmission a start bit, stop bit and a parity bit are added to the eight bits of a data byte. Additionally, upon reception these bits are stripped from the data by the USART 416 before being input to the microprocessor 400.
With reference now to FIG. 9 there is shown a detailed schematic diagram of circuitry implementing a vent motor controller such as the one shown as 116 in FIG. 1. The vent motor controller comprises a microprocessor based controller which communicates with a system control unit via an interface comprising a communication device including a receiver 464 and a USART 460. Since the vent motor controller only receives commands just a receiver is required for the communication interface. Digital data is received by the USART 460 from the communication interface via its RxD input. The USART 460 receives a clock from the T0 output of the microprocessor 416 as a 1.024 MHz signal. As previously described this clock signal can be divided by a divide by 16 counter 462 before being applied to the receive clock and transmit clock inputs RxC, TxC, respectively. This produces a clock for reading in serial digital data from the receiver 462 which has decoded the frequency shift keyed information from the power line 458.
The microprocessor 466 can then request that the data which is stored in the USART 460 be read by lowering its RD output and thereby transmitting a signal to the RD input of the device 460. If the device is selected via P12 and its chip select input CS and is in a data mode via a signal on the P11 input to its C/D input, then a read signal RD will cause the data byte stored in the USART 460 to be transferred to the D0-D7 inputs of the microprocessor 466.
This data is an address indicating whether this particular vent is being commanded and a command byte indicating the percent opening for the vent if it is the one selected. The address sent from the control unit is matched against an address input to the microprocessor 466 from terminals P20-P23. The address for the particular vent can be set by a pair of thumb wheel switches 472 and 470 which input two BCD digits to terminals P50-P53 and P60-P63, respectively of an I/O expander device 468. The I/O expander device 468 has its input terminals P20-P23 connected to the terminals P20-P23 of the microprocessor 466 and when strobed with a PROG signal are able to transfer the BCD digits from the thumb wheel devices.
In general, the microprocessor 466 controls the vent through a signal OPEN generated on line 490 from P16 and a signal CLOSE generated on line 488 from P17 of the microprocessor 466. By knowing the position of the vent and by applying a CLOSE or OPEN signal for a predetermined time, the microprocessor 466 can position the vent at any desired % opening. The microprocessor 466 senses the position of the vent via inputs to its T1, P15, and P26 terminals. The input to T1 is from a magnet sensor via input line 494 and a pull up resistor 492. The magnet sensor produces a ground signal upon the passage of a magnet in the pinion gear by the sensor. In addition, a limit switch 500 is connected to input P15 via a pull up resistor 502 and produces a ground on P15 when the limit switch is closed by hitting a striking plate. A switch 498 is connected to P26 via pull up resistor 496 and produces a ground level signal when the striking plate of the rack hits it indicating the vent is fully open. These three signals, whether the vent is fully open, fully closed, or has a magnet signal, provide information to the microprocessor 466 about the actual position of the vent. The microprocessor thereafter modifies this information in accordance with the command given by the control unit over the power line to position the vent. In addition, the microprocessor 466 receives a signal via line 486 to input P27 from a torque sensor to indicate a torque overload on a vent motor. If a torque overload is sensed, then the microprocessor 466 includes programming to protect the motor and to light a torque overload LED 484. The LED 484 is connected between a source of positive voltage +V and output P15 via resistor 482. The microprocessor by producing a low level signal on output P15 can activate the LED 484.
In addition, the microprocessor 466 receives four inputs from switches 474, 476, 478 and 480 which comprise a manual override unit for the vent motor controller. Switch 476 can be closed to ground the reset terminal RESET of the microprocessor 466 thereby producing a jump in the programming to the beginning of the vent controller program. This will cause a reinitialization of the control program and may be needed if the processor is hung up in a loop or has stopped the vent motor because of a torque overload which has cleared. Switch 480 provides a ground signal to the INT or interrupt input of the microprocessor 466 to transfer control of the program to a manual control program. This is the automatic/manual switch and produces an automatic mode when the switch is opened and a manual mode when closed. In the manual mode, switch 474 via a ground signal to the input P14 of the microprocessor or switch 478 via a ground signal to the input P13 will produce an OPEN and CLOSE signal, respectively. The microprocessor 504 will receive these signals and generate the OPEN and CLOSE control signals therefrom to provide manual movement of the vent. After positioning the vent at any desired opening, the operator may revert to automatic control by opening switch 470.
FIG. 10 illustrates a schematic electrical diagram for a remote sensor controller such as the one referenced as 118 in FIG. 1. A number of remote sensors may be interrogated for their parameter inputs by this controller. A microprocessor 504 communicates directly with a control unit via a communication interface 506 including a transmitter and receiver as previously described. The transmitter/receiver 506 converts digital data from the microprocessor 504 into frequency shift keyed data for transmission over the power line 508 and decodes frequency shift keyed data from the power line into digital data for the microprocessor 504. Serial data is received by the microprocessor 504 via the RxD line and is input to terminal T1 of the device. Serial data is transmitted from the microprocessor via output P17 over transmission line TxD with a transmit enable signal TxEN from output P24.
Input P16 of the microprocessor 504 and jumper 536 are used to describe whether the remote sensor controller is connected as an indoor sensor or an outdoor sensor. If the input P16 is jumpered to ground with the jumper 536, then the device will be connected as an indoor sensor and, conversely, if input P16 is left floating this indicates that the device is controlling an outdoor sensor. Through the receiver of the communication interface the microprocessor 504 receives an address which is to be matched with the address of the remote sensor controller. This address is provided at pins P10-P13, P20-P23 via the outputs of two thumb wheel switches 522 and 524. The adjustable address adds flexibility to the remote sensor controller where addresses from 00-99 BCD can be assigned to either an indoor sensor or an outdoor sensor or a humidistat.
If the device is an indoor sensor, input P14 is connected to a photo cell 526 which has a bias network including a variable resistor 528 and resistor 530. In general, for night time conditions, the photo cell 526 presents a low level logic signal to the input P14 and when irradiated with enough light decreases its resistance to where a high level input is generated to input P14 thus indicating a day condition. The microprocessor senses the different logic level signals on P14 and lights LED 534 to produce an indication of the logic level decoded on terminal P14. The LED 534 is operated by pulling current from a source of positive voltage +V through resistor 532 when output P15 is at a low logic level.
On the other hand, if the remote sensor controller is connected as an outdoor sensor, then a rain sensor and wind sensor are provided. A rain sensor is connected between the input P26 and ground and receives a bias current via the serial connection of a LED 556 a resistor 558, and variable resistor 560. If rain is sensed, the sensor lowers its resistance and produces a low level logic for input to P26. Additionally, this action will draw current through the LED 556 and the bias network to light that device. Terminal P27 and resistor 554 are connected to the cathode of the LED 556 to provide a software operation of the LED 556 whether or not the rain sensor is producing a low resistance.
In addition, a wind sensor or anemometer is connected through a diode 552 to produce a voltage signed on the parallel connection of a resistor 546 and a capacitor 548 which filters the signal. A clamping diode 550 is connected between the cathode of the diode 552 and a source of positive voltage +V to prevent the voltage on the capacitor and resistor from exceeding the logic level +V. The voltage signal produces a bias on the base of an NPN transistor 544 connected by its collector through a resistor 542 to a logic voltage +V and by its emitter to ground, such that a signal is generated to input P25 indicating when the anemometer is producing a voltage in excess of a threshold. A low logic level on P25 of the microprocessor 504 indicates that the wind is in excess of the threshold. At this point, because of the connection of an LED 540 to a source of positive voltage +V via resistor 538, a visual indication of wind in excess of the threshold is generated.
For either an indoor sensor or an outdoor sensor, the temperature is read by the microprocessor 504 via an analog/digital converter 510 and a temperature sensor 518 whose voltage output is dependent upon temperature. The temperature sensor 518 is connected at its anode to ground and by its cathode to a source of positive voltage +V through a resistor 516 and provides a variable voltage output at the junction thereof depending upon the ambient temperature. The calibration of the temperature sensor 518 is adjusted by a variable voltage applied to its gate terminal via the wiper of a calibration resistor 520. The voltage output from the junction of the cathode and resistor 516 is applied to the voltage input Vin(+) of an A/D converter 510. The differential input Vin(-) of the A/D converter 510 is connected to the wiper of a reference resistor 514 which produces a voltage level referenced to ground. Another reference voltage is developed at the wiper of resistor 512 and is input to the Vref/2 input of the AID converter 510 to produce a midlevel for the conversion process.
The converter 510 has data output D0-D7 connected to the data input lines D0-D7 of the microprocessor 504 and provides a data word indicating the temperature in digital form of sensor 518 when requested by a read signal on the RD output of the microprocessor 504. The conversion process is initiated by strobing the WR input of the A/D converter 510 from the WR output of the microprocessor 504 and waiting until the A/D converter replies with an interrupt signal from its interrupt request output INTR. The interrupt signal is applied to the INT terminal of the microprocessor 504 and indicates temperature data is ready. The handling of the interrupt will produce a branch to a program whose execution which generates a read request from the microprocessor 504 and a storage of the temperature word.
With reference now to FIG. 11 there is shown a detailed schematic diagram for an address receiver controller such as that referenced 120 in FIG. 1. The address receiver controller is a microprocessor based remote controller which receives commands over the power line 10 in a frequency shift keyed format. The frequency shift keyed commands are decoded by a receiver 600 into serial digital data which is then input to a microprocessor 602 via a received data line RxD and the input T1. A resistor 606 is provided between the receive data line RxD and a voltage +V in order to provide active pull up for the transmission line. The receiver 600 is constructed as previously described for a communication interface means and applies serial digital data to the input T1 to provide signals to the microprocessor which are then decoded as data.
The microprocessor 602 further has four sets of jumpers 608, 610 and 612 which are connected in groups of four to input port pins P31-P34, P27-P30, and P21-P24, respectively. These jumpers can be connected to a terminal which is grounded in order to provide a low level signal on each of the port pins of the microprocessor 602. In this way the address of a particular remote peripheral control element is easily setable. The four bits of jumpers 612 provide the prefix, whereas the four bits of jumper sets 608 and 610 provide a method for programming the lower and higher nibble of an address T0T1. Because an address receiver may have a different prefix depending on its function, jumpers 612 are provided to easily program the prefix function of the device. As can be seen from the table in FIG. 3d, A prefix of 4, 5, or 6 indicates an address receiver having a single actuated device. A prefix of 7 indicates an address receiver with eight actuated devices, and a prefix of 8 indicates an address receiver with proportional control capabilities.
The microprocessor 602 receives the commands from a central control unit and generates a plurality of on/off control signals via its data bus D0-D7. These on/off control signals are transmitted to a corresponding group of driver inverters 614 one of which is illustrated as 616. The driver inverter 614 produce a inversion and current amplification of the output signal for driving the coil of a relay. Each of the drivers is attached to relays 618-632 which have switch outputs K1-K8, respectively. Each of the relays is similar and only one will be described for exemplary purposes such as the one labeled 618. The output of the driver 616 is applied to one terminal of the relay coil 636 whereas the other terminal of the relay coil is connected to a coil voltage source +Vh. A diode 634 is placed between the two terminals of the coil 636 to provide a path for the flyback pulse when the relay is switched off.
The output terminal of the relay switch K1 is attached to the power supply input of the operative device which it is to switch ON and OFF, and the switch terminal 638 is connected to one of the power supply lines, for example 640. The other power supply line 642 acts as a cold or common terminal for the relay outputs K1-K8 and is coupled to the power supply return of the operative device. When a logical 1 is output on one of the data lines for example D0, the output of inverter driver 616 produces a low level signal which sinks current through the coil 636 from the supply +Vh causing the closure of relay contact 638 and thereby operating the device connected to that particular relay. The microprocessor by outputting a different word on the data bus and latching that word can operate one or any of the relays 618-632 in this manner.
An address receiver for operating eight actuated devices (prefix 7) has been described but it is evident that if the prefix were set to 4, 5, or 6 the same configuration could operate the single actuator implementation with a single relay coupled to one of the data lines. In the implementation shown in FIG. 2 these devices control those remote elements which necessitate on/off control such as the exhaust fans, cooling pad pump, heater blower motor, heater louvers, and the heater gas valve. It should be noted, however, that any remote device needed on/off type switching can be controlled in this manner.
Additionally the microprocessor 602 of the address receiver controller can provide for a proportional control based upon commands received over the power lines. This implementation will be provided when the prefix is set at 8. Pins P35-P38 of port 3 of the microprocessor 602 connect to the input of inverting NAND gates 644-650, respectively. The outputs of the NAND gates are tied commonly to one terminal of a resistor 652 whose other terminal is connected to a source of positive voltage +V. The common junction of is further connected to the base of a NPN transistor 660 through two diodes 654 and 656. The transistor 660 is connected as a common emitter amplifier with a collector resistor 658 tied to a power supply +Vh. The output of the amplifier, at the collector terminal, is connected to a filter circuit comprising resistor 662 and a group of parallel capacitors 666, 668 and 670. Operationally, the microprocessor 602 by generating different digital words through port 3 on pins P35-P38 provides a variable drive to the base of transistor 660 which produces a voltage on the collector which is filtered through the resistors and capacitors of the output. By varying the digital word, a proportional voltage output from terminal 672 can be provided to a controlled device.
To produce operation of an address receiver, the central control will address the peripheral control element during the time slot which has been assigned to it. The address is decoded by matching the jumper pins to the inputs via the jumpers 608, 610 and 612. Depending upon the prefix the address controller determines whether it should be providing proportional control or controlling one or more of the relays 618-632. The command word which is received after the address prefix and the unique framing character indicates to the address receiver controller which of the relays are to be operated or what the voltage on the output terminal 672 is to be. The microprocessor 602 decodes and follows these instructions by outputting the necessary digital words through the data terminal D0-D7 or the port 3 outputs P35-P38.
FIG. 12 shows the detailed circuitry implementing the communication interface means. The embodiment shown includes both a receiver and transmitter, but it will be seen that either can be used independently without the other. The receiver/transmitter is inductively coupled to the power line 10 by an isolation transformer 700 which has a tuning slug 702 for varying the coupling between the secondary and primary of the transformer. The tuning slug 702 is used to vary the coupling parameter and thereby the inductance of the transformer to fine tune the frequency of the transmission and the frequency for detection of the information. The secondary winding 704 of the isolation transformer 700 is connected to the power line 410 at one terminal through a coupling capacitor 708 and at the other terminal through a load resistor 710. A tuned circuit is provided for the primary winding 704 of the transformer 700 by a parallel capacitor 712 connected in parallel with the winding.
A transmit channel is coupled to the low voltage terminal of the primary winding 712 of the isolation transformer 700 via a NPN transistor 714. The transistor 714 by being switched on and off produces a oscillation in the tuned circuit comprising the primary winding 704 of the transformer and the capacitor 712. The oscillating voltage which switches the transistor 714 on and off is provided to the base of the device through a coupling capacitor 716 from a common emitter amplifier comprising an NPN transistor 718 and a collector resistor 720. The common emitter amplifier is driven by a linear preamplifier 720 which amplifies the output of a voltage controlled oscillator 722.
The voltage controlled oscillator 722 produces one of two frequency tones depending upon the digital input of the microprocessor on the transmit line TxD and transmit enable line TxEN. The voltage controlled oscillator 722 outputs a frequency dependent upon the current input from a current matrix comprising switches 724 and the value of a timing capacitor 726, and a network of timing resistors 728. The present configuration allows four different frequencies to be output. The frequencies are selected by the two digital inputs from the ready to transmit enable line TxEN and the transmit data line TxD. THe digital inputs from these lines are amplified by common emitter amplifiers comprising NPN transistors 730 and 732 with collector resistors 734 and 736, respectively. Base resistors 738 and 740 are supplied with a positive bias voltage +V which normally produces conduction from the transistors on a 00 digital input to the current switches 468.
When the microprocessor of a particular device wishes to send information over the power lines, it will lower the TxEN signal and produce a high logic level from the inversion of the amplifier 730 on the input IA. This high level on the input IA will select the two higher frequencies of the VCO to be the FSK frequency output. Because the data line TxD is generally at a high logic level the terminal IB will be at a low logic level and thus provide the higher FSK frequency for digital data which are ones. By lowering the data line Txd for digital bits, the VCO 726 will change frequencies to its lower frequency and output FSK zeros. The FSK signal is coupled through the amplifiers 720, 718 and the transistor 714 to the isolation transformer 700 and onto the power lines to be received by the peripheral control elements.
The second portion of the communication interface is a receiver channel which is normally disconnected from the isolation transformer 700 by means of a relay 740 when the communication interface is transmitting. The relay contacts are closed by drawing current through the coil 742 of the relay via the ready to transmit enable line TxEN. A diode 744 is poled across the coil 742 of the relay 740 to absorb the inductive spike when the TxEN line is released. Frequency shift keyed signals are coupled to a signal preamplifier 746 via a coupling capacitor 748 and clipping diodes 750 and 752. The clipping diodes prevent the input signal to the preamplifier 746 from exceeding a predetermined level of 0.6 V. The output of the signal preamplifier 746 is coupled to a loop phase detector 754 which outputs a signal dependent upon the phase difference between the input signal and the output signal of a voltage control oscillator 756. The frequency of the voltage control oscillator 756 is controlled by a voltage developed between a filter resistor 758 and filter resistor 760.
The filter resistors 758, 760 in combination with a capacitor 762 form a filter which is frequency sensitive to the tone or FSK bit that is being detected. The VCO 756 phase detector 754 form a phase locked loop which outputs a certain voltage level if the correct tone frequency is being received. Otherwise, the voltage level output from the phase detector 754 is lower. This output level is passed through another filer comprising resistor 764 and capacitor 766 to the noninverting input of a comparator 768. The inverting input of the comparator 768 is connected to a reference voltage 770 in combination with a capacitor 772. The comparator 768 compares the filtered voltage from the loop phase detector 754 with the reference voltage 770 and produces a logic level 1 or 0 on its output depending upon the detection of the correct tone. The output of the comparator 768 is supplied with a pull up resistor 774 which drives the received data line RxD.
It is seen that the receiver/transmitter combination provides an advantageous communication interface for transforming serial digital data to frequency shift keyed information and for decoding frequency shift keyed information into serial digital data. The device is suitable for many uses and will operate on many frequencies but preferably a tone of 205 KHZ is a digital one and a tone of 195 KHZ is a digital zero. The relay 740 maintains the receiver portion of the apparatus in a disabled condition only while the transmitter is operative. This allows a greater communication distance over the power lines as the transmitter does not perceive a loading from the receiver which would be detrimental at such a close distance.
A detailed description of the software program executed by the microprocessor 400 of the control unit will now be more fully set forth with respect to the flow chart of FIG. 13. After the hardware timer clock is enabled in Block A10, the program begins by calling an initialization routine INITIAL in block A12. During the initialization routine, the addresses as for the equipment used are accepted and stored in memory. After the initialization has been accomplished, the program continues by calling the subroutine KEYPAD in block A14 which is responsible for scanning the keypad. The parameters related to the key bounce properties of the pad are accommodated by portions of the subroutine. The keypad routine buffers those active keys for further handling in subsequent routines.
Next, the program calls the time slot routine TSLOT in block A16 which produces an interrogation of the remote sensor controllers and commands the peripheral control elements including the vent motor controllers and address receiver controllers. Thereafter, the subroutine, the receiver routine RX is called in block A18. Rx is a general purpose receive data handler for interface with the USART device. When data is ready for the microprocessor, this routine places a received data byte into a particular location of the RAM memory. The subroutine monitors transmissions of any other net masters which may be present on the network and continuously updates the time slot synchronization for the control unit in concert with those transmissions.
Subsequently, a display handler routine DSPHLR is called in block A20 which directs the display as to which information is shown. The display handler routine DSPHLR is a combination of subroutines which are selected by placing their labels in a particular RAM locations and then calling the routine DSPHLR. Next in the sequence, the subroutines TSLOT and RX are again called in blocks A22 and A24. Thereafter, a key handler routine KEYHLR is called in block A26. This routine is a sequence of instructions which handles the key stroke sequencing as the operator inputs the commands. It decodes these key strokes into different commands which are used by the other various routines to change the data stored for programming the peripheral control devices into a control program and for general operation of the system. FIG. 7a was used to illustrate the valid key sequences and routines used for this operation. In block A28 and A30 the subroutines TSLOT and RX, respectively, are called for the third time in the loop.
The microprocessor 400 then tests a pin on one of its ports which is coupled to the rectified output of the main power supply. By decoding whether this port pin is at a high or low level the system may determine whether it is being supplied an AC power from its normal power supply or from a battery backup. In block A32 this test is made and, depending upon the result, the program will transfer control either to block A34 or block A36. If the AC power is not on, then block A34 produces the storage of a constant in a memory location which is read by the display routine. The entry of the constant into memory causes that routine to blank the display and conserve power.
After the execution of block A34, or if an affirmative response was the result of the test in block A32, the program calls the display routine DISPLAY in block A36. This routine provides a serial data stream compatible with the display module shown in FIG. 6. Eleven bytes of RAM are dedicated to providing the necessary source data. As mentioned previously, on finding the battery backup indicator in memory, the display is blanked and a standby power indicator enabled on the display. The program continues in block A38 and A40 by once more calling the subroutines TSLOT and RX, respectively.
It is seen that the time dependent routines TSLOT and RX which are used for communication purposes between the central control unit and the peripheral control elements are called periodically. The sequence envisions a non time dependent routine such as KEYPAD, DSPHLR, KEYHLR, or DASPLA being called and thereafter the subroutines TSLOT and RX called before the next non-time dependent routine. This alternation of the time dependent routines with the non-time dependent routines provides a facile manner for maintaining the system control in real time without a complicated interrupt structure.
The main loop constantly repeats the sequence while the system is in operation thereby keeping communications from the central control unit current through the use of the subroutine TSLOT and the information received from other net masters current with the subroutine RX. In a normal automatic operation, the system operates by stepping through the time slots while interrogating sensors or commanding actuated elements with the subroutine TSLOT and receiving messages from other net master controls with the receive routine RX. During this time the display handler routine DSPHLR is normally providing the rolling display as previously described. Only for manual operation or for a change in the programming are the KEYPAD and KEYHLR routines called.
The program maintains its time slot clock by addressing a RAM storage location used as a counter. The counter is kept periodic and indicates portions of a time slot in the preferred embodiment in three increments. The counter or register is incremented by a hardware timer on the microprocessor which causes an interrupt every 33 milliseconds. An interrupt will cause the program to transfer control back to block A42 where the subroutine TIMINT is called to service the clock sequences. The update of the time slot register and a real time clock are accomplished by this routine when a timer interrupt occurs. After the clock has been updated and the time slot register incremented the program will return to the instruction which it was executing when called from the main loop.
The subroutine TSLOT will now be more fully described with respect to FIG. 14. The routine initially, in block A50, reads the RAM location that is used for the time slot counter. If the counter has a count equivalent three it indicates that a new time slot is beginning. This condition is recognized as an overflow condition in block A52. If the counter has not overflowed, the routine returns to the main loop where the subsequent operations of the main loop are performed.
If an affirmative answer is the result of the test in block A52, then it is the beginning of a new time slot and the controller will address the peripheral control elements. Before proceeding, the time slot counter is cleared in block A54 and the program continues to a subroutine MCI in block A56. The subroutine MCI is a routine which updates the previous time slot address as stored in the locations containing T0TP and T2T1. After the time slot address is incremented, the subroutine KSAT is called in block A58. The routine KSAT checks the keyboard status to determine whether the system is receiving a keyboard sequence or possibly is in a manual mode. If a keyboard sequence is taking place then the system will wait until that sequence is finished before communicating with the peripheral control devices. The program will also finish a manual mode before continuing with communications.
In block A60 the subroutine SENSOR is called to interrogate a sensor if the particular time slot is an address of one of those devices. If the present time slot is not addressing a sensor, then it could be assigned to a actuator device and, therefore, the program calls the subroutine COMMAND in block A62 to provide commands to the actuated devices. Both the SENSOR and COMMAND routines determine whether the addres is active in the particular system configuration stored in memory before interrogating or commanding.
The subroutine MCI called as block A56 in the routine TSLOT and which increments the time slot address will be more fully detailed if reference is now directed to FIG. 15. The routine initiates by reading the prefix and first nibble address, T0TP, in block A64. Thereafter, the TP nibble is stripped from the byte and a test initiated in block A66 to determine whether T0 is nine. If T0 is not at its highest level, then it is incremented in block A68 and the program returns. If T0 is nine, then a carry must be added to the next address nibble T1. First, the nibble T0 is cleared in block A70 before the next address nibble is read by obtaining T2T1 from memory in block A72. The test in block A74 determines whether T1 is also nine, and if not, the carry is executed by incrementing T1 in block A76. In this path the program then returns because it has accomplished the incrementation of the address.
However, the path to block A78 is taken if T1 is also nine where the second address nibble T1 ia cleared by clearing the byte T2T1. Subsequently, in block A80 the prefix TP is tested to determine whether it is nine and if not the program sequences to block A82 where the carry from T1 is implemented. If all three nibbles TP,T1 and T0 are nine then the path sequences to block A84 where TP is cleared thereby producing the address for the first time slot 000. This is the overflow condition and provides a wrap around to the start of the next two minute frame. Because it is the beginning of a frame the subroutine COMINT is called in block A86 before the routine returns to the main loop. The routine COMINT provides an initialization of the communication device, in this case the USART which is shown in FIG. 8. This provides an initialization for the USART 416 device, once every frame, upon the sensing of the overflow condition.
The subroutine SENSOR is more fully detailed in the flow chart illustrated in FIG. 16. The routine begins in block A90 by calling the subroutine USRMCI which checks to determine if the current time slot has been assigned by the operator. This indicates that the current time slot addresses a device in the present system configuration and, therefore, requires control from the program. If the routine determines that the address is an active device in block A92, the accumulator will return with a one and if not an active device the accumulator will return with a zero. If the address is not active the program returns immediately. Otherwise, the operation in block A94 is used to read the prefix, TP, from the byte T0TP. The prefix TP is then tested in block A96 to determine whether it is 3 which indicates a outdoor sensor. If not an outdoor sensor, then in block A98 the prefix is tested once again to determine whether it is an indoor sensor by checking to see if the prefix is 2. If the prefix is neither 2 or 3, then a sensor is not being addressed and the program returns.
If the test in block A96 produces an affirmative answer, the program has found that the current time slot is assigned to an outdoor sensor and the sensor will be interrogated for wind/rain information and for the outdoor temperature. Therefore, the program continues in block A100 by first reading the present wind/rain value from memory and performing an intermediate storage of that value. The past wind/rain value is cleared in block A102 and the present is stored in the vacated location by block A104. Thereafter, the storage location for the present wind/rain value is cleared in block A106 to make room for the new value which will be read.
In block A108 the subroutine TSENS is called to interrogate the outdoor sensor and receive the data therefrom. The routine will return with a hexadecimal value FE in register R2 if there is no reply to the interrogation. This value is tested for in blocks A110 and, if present, the program returns immediately as no valid communication has taken place. The program will thereafter interrogate the temperature sensor during its assigned time slot in the frame but will not return any invalid value. The past value for the outdoor temperature will be used in all the control calculations if a new temperature value cannot be read. If the TSENS routine has returned valid information then in block A112 the outdoor temperature is stored and the wind/rain indication is additionally stored in block A114.
Returning now to the test in block A98, an affirmative response to the test contained therein indicates that the current time slot addresses an indoor sensor. Thereafter, in block A116, the subroutine TSENS is called to interrogate the indoor sensor and a test performed in block A118 determine if a valid reply was received by that routine. As previously indicated the TSENS routine will return with a hexadecimal FE in register R2 if no valid communication is returned in response to the interrogation. Therefore, if register R2 contains FE, the program will return without storing a temperature or light level indication. The previous value for the indoor temperature will be used in all control calculations if a new temperature value cannot be read.
However, if the response in block 118 is negative the sequence continues to blocks A120 and A122 where the indoor temperature and light level indication are stored in the correct RAM locations. After the two indicators have been stored in memory the routine calls the subroutine MATCH in block A124. The subroutine MATCH takes the indoor temperature and matches it against the stage temperatures as recorded in memory to determine which stage the control should be operating in.
The next subroutine that will be explained is the USRMCI routine embodied in the flow chart of FIG. 17. The current prefix and address (time slot) are read into intermediate memory locations in blocks A130 and A132 by reading the currently stored bytes for T0TP, T2T1. Next the address of the outdoor temperature sensor is read from memory in block A134 so that it can be matched against that address in the intermediate memory which represents the current time slot. The test in block A136 attempts to match th two addresses. A match will cause the accumulator to be set equal to one in block A148 and the program to return.
If there is no match in that test, then the address of the next device, an indoor sensor, is read into intermediate memory in block A138. A match is again attempted in block A140 with the same consequences. If the current time slot address is equivalent to the indoor sensor address, the program will exit after setting the accumulator equal to one in block A148. Otherwise, the program will continue to block A142 where the addresses assigned to the vent motor controllers are read. If any of these addresses match that of the current time slot, then the program again exits through block A148 after setting the accumulator equal to one.
Subsequent to the testing for assigned vent motor controllers, the program will test for assigned address receivers in block A146. If any of these addresses match the current time slot address, as tested in block A150, then the accumulator is set equal to one in block A148 and the program returns. Otherwise, the accumulator is set equal to zero in block A152 before the program returns.
Thus, the subroutine USRMCI will set the accumulator equal to one if the current time slot address is a device which has been assigned an address in the present system configuration. Otherwise the accumulator will return containing a zero to indicate that this is not an assigned time slot and the system need do nothing until the next time slot is present.
The next routine that will be discussed with reference to FIG. 18 is the subroutine MATCH. This routine takes the day/night indication and the indoor temperature reading and matches them against the particular stage number in the program. From the stage number the system can then determine the commands that are stored for that stage to control the peripheral actuated devices accordingly.
In blocks A160-A166 the old day/night value is saved in a register R6 and the new day/night value read in and stored in the old location. The old and the new values for the day/night variable are then compared in block A168 to determine if they are equal. If the new value for day or night does not equal the old value, then the program continues immediately to block A172. If they are equal, then in block A170, the value of the old (in register R6) is placed into the day/night location. This operation provides a hysteresis such that during threshold light levels, such as twilight and dawn, the day/night indication will not oscillate between two values. The program requires that the new value, if it is different than the old value, match twice before the old indication is changed.
Thereafter, the indoor temperature is read from the location in which it was stored at the return from the TSENS routine. The stored indication for day/night is then read in block A174 and that indication is tested in block A176 to either read the night set point in block A178 or the day set point in block A180 depending on its value. The determination of whether the light level reading indicates day condition or night condition determines which of the two stored programs and set points are used for controlling the actuated devices. After the correct set point is chosen, it is compared to the actual temperature in block A182 to determine whether they are equal. If the two values are equal, then the indoor temperature is at the set point and stage zero is stored as the current stage indicator in block A184. However, if they are not equal, then the program must determine what the current stage should be and continues to block A186. Initially, block A186 determines whether the indoor temperature is greater than or less the set point since it is not equal.
If it is greater than the set point the program transfers control to block A188 where a decision is made whether the light level indicates day or night. For a day indication, in block A192 the program loads the starting location of the day stage addresses. Likewise, for a night indication the program loads the beginning location for the night stage addresses in block A194. The program then converges at block A196 where the threshold temperature for either the beginning of the night or day stages is obtained from memory. The stage temperature is then matched to determine whether it is equal to the actual indoor temperature in block A198. If the result of the test is affirmative, then the current stage number should be stage number presently addressed and such indication is stored by block A200 before the routine exists.
However, if the threshold temperature for the stage currently addressed is not equal to the present indoor temperature and this is not the last stage temperature, as tested in decision block A202, then the next stage temperature is read in block A196 and the comparison process repeated. The entire group of stage temperatures is thereby tested and, if no match is found, then the indoor temperature is decremented in block A204. After being decremented, the temperature is again compared to the set point in block A206. If equal to this set point, the stage number is set equal to zero in block A208 and the program exits. If the indoor temperature is still not equal to any of the threshold temperatures or to the set point, then control is transferred to block A196 where the process of comparison with all of the stage temperatures is again accomplished. By decrementing the indoor temperature in block A204 the program will finally find either a comparison to one of the stage temperatures in block A198 or to the set point in block A206. At that point the currently addressed stage number is stored as the stage indicator either by block A200 or by block A208.
A similar loop is set up to find the stage number in blocks A190 through blocks A226 if the actual indoor temperature is less than the set point. The only difference between this loop and the previous loop, where the temperature was greater than the set point, is that the temperature is incremented every time the comparison steps fail to find a match in blocks A214-A220. The incrementation of the temperature occurs in blocks A222.
To more fully understand the operation of the MATCH program FIG. 19 will be referenced. The set point ST0, is the temperature to which the control attempts to regulate the actual temperature of the structure. Because the actual temperature of a structure cannot be brought to the set point instantaneously, and it would waste energy to attempt to use all available cooling or heating means to approach the set point as rapidly as possible, the control provides regulation of the temperature toward the set point in the stages ST1-ST9 above and below the set point. The set point or stage zero can either be the day or night set point and the staging will be exactly the same. The difference between the day and the night programs will be the different temperatures for each transition between stages and the type and quantity of equipment that is operated during those stages.
To illustrate control of the system and operation of the MATCH program in particular, take the case where the temperature is greater than the set point ST0. What the program accomplishes is to locate the actual temperature in the range of temperatures forming the stages to determine which equipment should be actuated during that phase. A temperature A230 greater than the set point ST0 is illustrated between the boundaries of stage 4 and stage 5 in the illustration. Since the temperature is greater than the stage 4 threshold, and less than the stage 5 threshold, the the indication of the current stage number should be set to stage 4.
As indicated previously, the MATCH program retrieves the stage temperatures for either the day or night program by reading the light level that has previously been stored in a location in RAM. These stage temperatures are then compared to the actual temperatures starting with ST0 and ending with ST9, to determine if there is a match. Since the temperature A230 is between the temperatures stored for the boundary conditions of stage 4 and 5 there will be no match. However, after all the stage temperatures have been compared to the temperatures A230 it will be decremented and the process continued. After a number of interactions through the matching process the temperature A230 will have been decremented to where it equals the boundary condition for the stage 4. Finding this match, the program will then store the stage 4 indication so that the program may regulate the structure with the peripheral control elements programmed for that stage.
In a similar manner, temperature A232 is shown as between the stage 4 and stage 5 boundary conditions for temperatures less than the set point. The program acts in a manner similar to that described above to match this temperature against the boundary temperatures for each stage. When no match is found, the program will increment the actual temperature A232. Thereafter, the actual temperature is incremented after each matching interaction until it equals the stage 4 boundary condition and produce an indication of the actual stage desired.
The detailed flow chart for the subroutine COMMAND will now be more fully explained with respect to FIG. 20. The subroutine COMMAND is similar to the routine SENSOR in that a transmission to a peripheral device must take place but is different in that an answer need not be received. Therefore, the present routine calls the subroutine USRMIC in block A228 to determine whether the current time slot is an active device in the configuration of the system. The subroutine USRMCF has been previously described with respect to FIG. 17. In block A230 the subroutine USRMCI returns with an indication in the accumulator of whether the current time slot is an active address. If the answer to the test in block A230 is negative the program will return to the main loop immediately.
However, once the program determines that the current time slot defines an active device within the system, it must now determine whether or not that device is an actuated element which it must command. To accomplish this function, the program sequences to block A232 where the prefix TP is read from memory by calling the byte T0TP. Next, in block A234 the prefix TP is tested to determine whether it is equal to one. An affirmative response to this test transfers control to block A236 where the subroutine VMA is called. A prefix of 1 indicates that the current time slot is an active vent motor controller and the subroutine VMA will transmit the required command to that type of actuator dependent upon the programming of the current stage.
If the current time slot is not a vent motor controller then in block A238 the prefix TP is tested to determine whether it is equal to 4, 5, or 6. An affirmative result for any one of these prefix numbers is an indication that the current time slot addresses an active address receiver controller with one actuated element. The program transfers control in this instance to block A240 where a subroutine MCI101 is called which is used to handle the data transmission to command a single actuator address controller. If, however, the answer to the test in block A238 is negative, then the program will flow to block A242 where the prefix is tested to determined whether it is a 7. The prefix 7 is used for address receiver controller with eight actuator devices and thus are commanded by calling the subroutine VMA. The VMA routine which was used to command the vent motor controllers can be used in this instance since the data command structure for an eight actuator address controller is identical to that of a vent motor controller.
In the last test block A246, a prefix of 8 is tested for using the byte T0TP. An affirmative response again calls the subroutine VMA in block A248 since the device address by a prefix of 8, an address controller with proportional control, uses the same data format that the vent motor controller uses. As was the case for the vent motor actuator, the address controllers are commanded according to the instruction stored for that device in the current stage.
The subroutine for receiving data by the control until will now be more fully discussed with reference to FIG. 21. The receive subroutine is referenced as RX and is the program used by the control unit to monitor the power line for transmissions from other net masters. The routine initiates in Block A300 by determining when a new byte is received by USART Device 416. If the USART 416 has not indicated that a complete byte has been assembled for transmission to the microprocessor 400, then the program exits immediately so that other programs in the main loop may be executed. Because the receive subroutine RX is executed periodically, the operation provides a convenient method of monitoring the power line until a full byte is assembled for decoding without overburdening the microprocessor 400. When a new byte is assembled, the program transfers control to Block A302, where the byte is tested to determine if it is the unique framing character FF. If not, then the program exits immediately and only returns to this block after another new byte has been assembled.
When a framing character FF is found, a sequence to decode the address bytes of that message which follows is then initiated by first entering Block A304 where a delay of 15 milliseconds is inserted between bytes. After the delay, Block A306 then tests the USART 416 to determine whether a new byte is present. The 15 millisecond delay in Block A304 is the correct timing between the framing character and the next address byte such that if no new byte has been assembled by that time, then the transmission has an error in it. Therefore, the program will exit immediately and require a new transmission beginning with a framing character to initiate another decoding sequence. If, however, a new byte is present and the timing is correct, the program will test it to determine if the message received is a valid first address byte in Block A308.
If not, the program immediately exits as before, and requires that a new message to begin with the framing character FF. Upon finding a valid first address byte, the program will continue the decoding process and transfer control to Block A310, where another 15 millisecond delay is inserted. Again, this delay is the correct timing between the first address byte and the second address byte, such that the second address byte should be available at the end of the delay. This condition is tested for in Block A312, where the USART 416 is again requested whether a full byte has been assembled. As before, if the timing for receiving the new byte has expired, the program will exit immediately back to the main loop. If, however, the timing of the reception of a new byte of information is correct, the received byte will be tested to determine whether it is a valid second address byte in block A314.
If both address bytes are valid, then they are used in Block A316 to replace the circuit time slot address. This causes a synchronization of all the receiving central controllers with the central controller that is transmitting at that time slot. Further, in Block 318, the time slot counter which segments every individual time slot is adjusted to take into consideration the time between the receipt of the unique framing character FF and the end of the decoding process. This time is added to the start of the time slot counter, such that a substantially accurate locking of the time slot clocks between net controllers is provided. The program, thereafter, exits to the main loop to further execute the control program.
The program stored within the microprocessor 466 of the vent motor controller will now be more fully described with reference to FIGS. 9 and 22. FIG. 9, as previously discussed, illustrates the schematic diagram for a vent motor controller and FIG. 22 shows a detailed flow chart of the program which regulates that controller.
Upon the powerup of the device, a number of functions are accomplished for calibration purposes. Initially in Block A330, the RAM is cleared to provide storage space for the variables and constants which the program generates. In Block A332, the program reads the address of the particular vent motor controller through pins P20-P23. This address is then stored and can be used by the program to determine whether a central control unit is addressing this device or some other. A calibration sequence is then started in Blocks A334-A338 where the vent is fully closed by setting pin P17 high thereby generating the CLOSE signal on line 488. The program is able to determine when the vent is fully closed by monitoring pin P15 until a ground level is found.
This completes the operation of block A334, and the program then sequences to the operation in Block A336 where the CLOSE signal is brought to a low logic level and the OPEN signal is brought to a high logic level on pin P16. This causes the vent to begin to open and while the movement is taking place, the software monitors the T1 input to determine the number of the pinion magnets that are counted between the fully opened limit of the vent and the fully closed limit. As was the case with the closure, a fully opened vent is detected by monitoring Pin P26 until a ground level is found.
After the number of magnets between the fully opened and fully closed limit of the vent is calculated, this number is stored for further reference. The number is used as a reference when the vent motor controller is commanded to open or close the actuated vent to a particular position. The calibration sequence is completed by closing the vent in Block A338. Blocks A330-A338 are called once upon powerup and thereafter, the program enters a main programming loop which searches for the address of the device. When the loop recognizes the device address it will accept a command for positioning the vent control.
This portion of the loop is entered in Block A340 and begins by calling the subroutine ADDRESS SEARCH. The ADDRESS SEARCH routine continuously monitors the information from the USART 460 until it finds a command from one of the central control units that requires action by this device. Other addresses on the power line are ignored by the ADDRESS SEARCH routine and causes it to continuously loop until the correct time slot assigned to this particular device is recognized.
When the correct address has been found, the program will return to Block A342 where a test is performed to determine whether a new byte has been received after the address match has been accomplished. If the new byte has not yet been received, the program sequences to Block A344 where the auto-reset strobe is updated and a loop is entered until the rest of the bits of the new byte are accumulated. This new byte is the data byte D0D1 which forms the command for the particular vent motor controller currently addressed. Therefore, when the byte is received in Block A346, a test is accomplished to determine whether it is a valid percentage opening command. If not, the program transfers control back to the ADDRESS SEARCH routine in Block A340 until the next access of this device. If the byte received is valid, the command is stored and tested in Block A340 against the previous command received by the device. If the present command is not the same as the previous command, the program transfer control back to the ADDRESS SEARCH routine in block A340. This accomplishes a command structure where the device will not operate differently until it has received two similar commands in a row. Thus, it is unlikely that the transmitted commands because of noise, the loss of bits, or other data errors will cause the vent motor controller to position the vent incorrectly.
When the vent motor controller has determined that the percent opening command is valid as seen by the progression to Block A350, the number of counts to move the vent to the required commanded position is calculated. In the next step, Block A352, the vent is moved the required number of counts, based upon its present position. Thereafter, the program returns to the ADDRESS SEARCH routine having completed the command.
For a manual override of the normal operation of the vent motor controller, the automatic/manual switch can be closed producing an interrupt to the microprocessor 466. When this occurs, the microprocessor transfers control to an interrupt handling routine beginning at Block A341 which determines if the switch 474 has been closed indicating that the operator desires to operate the vent manually. If a high level signal on P14 is present and a signal on P13 is not, then an OPEN signal is generated at Block A343. Next, a logical test is performed in Block A345 which determines whether there is a high level signal on in P13 and not a signal on in P14. If this logical condition is present, then in Block A347 the microprocessor 466 generates the CLOSE signal to the vent motor.
The next step in this sequence is Block A349 where the INT input is again tested to determine whether the automatic/manual switch is open or closed. If the switch is still closed, the program loops back to Block A341 where the interrupt routine is executed again. To exit the interrupt loop, the operator must open the switch 480 to further control from Block A349 to Block A330 of the routine.
When the switch 480 is opened the program reverts back to the atomatic mode, but first the system has to go through the calibration sequence because the constant stored indicating the position of the vent may have been lost during the manual control. Therefore, Blocks A330-A338 are executed once more before the main program loop beginning with the ADDRESS SEARCH routine at Block A340 is entered.
The subroutine ADDRESS SEARCH will now be more fully described with respect to FIG. 22A. The ADDRESS SEARCH subroutine is used to monitor the information transmitted over the power lines and watch for the particular address assigned to the monitoring device. During powerup, the device loads its address into a location of memory which can be accessed by the address search routine. The routine begins in Block A354 by monitoring the power line until a byte of information has been received. Until then, a loop is set up through Block A356 where the auto-reset strobe is continuously updated until information is received.
Once a byte has been received, Block A358 is executed to determine if the byte is the unique framing character FF. If not, then the new byte loop of Block A354 and A356 is reentered. If, however, the framing character FF is recognized by the program, then this is an indication of the beginning of a transmission from one of the central control units. The program enters another waiting loop for the next byte and updates the auto-reset strobe in Block A360 while waiting. As soon as the next byte has been received, the test in Block A362 is passed and the sequence transfers control to Block A364. In that block, the first byte of the device address, including the prefix TP and nibble T0 is tested against the byte received from the communication interface. If they match, then the program proceeds to the next waiting loop comprising Block A366 and Block A368. If the first addresses do not match, the program returns to Block A358 to determine whether the byte received is the unique framing character FF.
The waiting loop in Block A366 and A368 is similar to the previous two where until the next byte is received, the auto-reset strobe is continuously updated. When the next byte is received, the program sequences to Block A370 where the byte is compared to the second address byte, including T1 and T2. If a match is found the routine exits after the auto-reset strobe is updated in Block A372. If a match is not found then the program loops back to Block A354 for further testing to see if the byte received is the unique framing character FF.
In FIG. 23 there is illustrated the detailed flow chart of the program stored in the microprocessor 602 of the address receiver shown in FIG. 11. Both of these figures will be referenced with the following discussion to more fully describe the operation of that device.
The program for the address receiver controller is similar to the vent motor controller where it includes an initializing portion comprising Blocks A374 and A376 and a main loop portion which is constantly executed after the powerup phase. In the initial phase, in Block A374, the RAM of microprocessor 602 is cleared and the device address read into memory in Block A376. Depending upon the jumpers set for pins P21-P24, P27-P30, and P31-P34, the address of a single actuator device, an eight actuator device, or a proportional control device will be stored in memory.
After the beginning sequence, in Block A378 the program calls the ADDRESS SEARCH routine, more fully described in FIG. 22. The ADDRESS SEARCH routine monitors the power line for the particular time slot and address of the device and when a match occurs, transfers control to Block A382. Block A382 and Block A380 form a waiting loop until the next byte of the information being transferred over the power line is received. During the waiting loop, the auto-reset strobe is constantly updated by Block A380. When the next byte is received, a test is made in Block A384 to determine whether this byte is the same as the previous command to the address controller. As with the vent motor controller, the address receiver controller will not act on a command unless it matches twice in a row to prevent noise and other data loss from providing a incorrect command. Thus, if the present command is not the same as the previous command, then the program loops back to the ADDRESS SEARCH routine in Block A378. otherwise, the program progresses to Block A386 where the control signals are updated.
A command to the address controller is in byte form and can be output directly onto the data bus D0-D7 of the microprocessor 602, if the address receiver is a eight actuator device. If the address receiver is a single actuator device, then 7 of the bits of the command byte are masked off before the byte is output on the data bus. If the address receiver is being used as a proportional controller, then one half of the byte is masked off before output to the Port 3 pins P35-P38.
With reference to FIGS. 10 and 24 the operation of the remote sensor controller will now be more fully described. FIG. 24 is a detailed flow chart of the program which is stored in the microprocessor 504 shown in FIG. 10. Initially, upon powerup, Block A390 is executed to clear the memory. Thereafter, the program begins an operation in Block 392 which reads the address of the device from the thumbwheel switches 522 and 524. The address is input through pins P10-P13 and P20-P23 and thereafter, stored in a location accessible by the subroutine ADDRESS SEARCH.
The program then enters its main loop by calling the subroutine ADDRESS SEARCH in Block A394. The ADDRESS SEARCH subroutine has been previously described with respect to FIG. 22A and will not further be discussed. After the ADDRESS SEARCH match of the stored device address with a transmitted address, the program continues to Block A396 where the A/D converter 510 will be started by issuing a write command.
The program will then determine whether the remote sensor controller is configured as an indoor sensor or an outdoor sensor in Block A398. If the device is configured as an indoor sensor, then the light level is read in Block A402 by accessing pin P14. If the device is configured as an outdoor sensor, the program sequences to Block A400 where the wind/rain sensors are read by accessing Pins P25 and P26, respectively. These sensor values are then stored prior to the program initiating a transmission sequence.
The transmission sequence begins in Block A404 where the microprocessor 504 causes the transmitter 506 to transmit the constant mark C/M over the power line 508. After the constant mark has been transmitted, the program delays 12 ms. to provide the correct spacing between the mark and the data bytes. Thereafter, in Block A408, the auto reset strobe is updated prior to reading the temperature byte in Block A410. The temperature byte is read by generating a READ signal from the microprocessor 504 to the A/D converter 510 and inputting the byte from the data bus. Again, in Block A414, the auto-reset strobe is updated before continuing the program.
Thereafter, the proram tests to determine what type of sensor configuration the device is presently in and continues either to Block A420 or A418 as a result of the test. If the device is configured as an indoor sensor, then the stored light level byte is transmitted by having the microprocessor 504 send data to the communication interface 506. If the device is not an indoor sensor then it is an outdoor sensor, and in Block 420 the microprocessor transmits the wind/rain byte over the power line 508. At the end of the transmission sequence, the program loops back to ghe beginning of the routine where ADDRESS SEARCH is called in Block A394.
Although the invention has been described with reference to specific embodiments, this description is not meant to be construed in the limiting sense. Various modifications of the disclosed embodiments, as well as other embodiments of the invention, will become more apparent to persons skilled in the art upon reference to the appended claims and it is contemplated such will cover any such modifications or embodiments which fall within the true scope of the invention. ##SPC1##
1. A control system for varying at least one controlled paramater to control the environment of a greenhouse structure with a plurality of remotely controlled elements, said control system comprising:
a programmed controller for communicating with the plurality of remotely controlled elements over an AC power line;
said programmed controller including a stored control program defining the state of operation of each of said remotely controlled elements during a plurality of parameter stages away from a set point value for said at least one controlled parameter, said control program regulating the operation of said remotely controlled elements during each stage in said defined states to move the actual value of said controlled parameter of the greenhouse toward said set point value;
means for determining the parameter stage corresponding to the actual value of said controlled parameter of the greenhouse; and
means for commanding said remotely controlled elements to operate in accordance with said stored program for said determined stage.
2. A control system as defined in claim 1 wherein said plurality of remotely controlled elements include:
means for heating the greenhouse.
means for cooling the greenhouse.
means for ventilating the greenhouse with outside air; and
means for circulating the air within the greenhouse.
5. A control system as defined in claim 1 which further include:
a vent motor controller;
a remote sensor controller; and
an address controller.
6. A control system as defined in claim 5: wherein said plurality of remotely controlled elements include a vent whose percent of opening is controlled by a motor; and
wherein said vent motor controller includes means for receiving commands from said programmed controller as to the desired percent of opening of said vent;
means for determining the present percent of opening of said vent; and
means for controlling said motor to move said vent from said present percent of opening to said commanded percent of opening.
7. A control system as defined in claim 6 wherein said vent motor controller further includes:
means for overriding said percent of opening commands in response to a manual mode signal;
means, enabled by said manual mode signal, for controlling said motor to open said vent; and
means, enabled by said manual mode signal, for controlling said motor to close said vent.
8. A control system as defined in claim 6:
wherein said vent includes means for generating pulses indicative of incremental movements of said vent,
means for generating a fully open vent signal when said vent is fully open, and
means for generating a fully closed vent signal when said vent is fully closed; and
wherein said present percent of opening determining means includes:
means for sensing said fully closed vent signal;
means for sensing said fully opened vent signal;
means for sensing said pulses;
means for generating a calibration count by counting the number of pulses between said fully opened and fully closed vent condition;
means, utilizing said calibration count, for translating said percent opening commands into a commanded number of pulses; and
said means for controlling said motor moving said vent said commanded number pulses.
9. A control as defined in claim 6 wherein said vent motor controller further includes:
means for sensing the torque on said motor; and
means for disabling said motor controlling means if the sensed torque is in excess of a threshold.
10. A control system as defined in claim 5 having at least one remote sensor:
wherein said at least one remote sensor includes a sensor for measuring an actual temperature; and
wherein said remote sensor controller includes:
means for storing an actual temperature word indicative of said actual measured temperature;
means for receiving interrogations from said programmed controller; and
means for transmitting said stored temperature word to said programmed controller in response to said interrogations.
11. A control system as defined in claim 10 wherein said temperature sensor measures outdoor temperature and said at least one remote sensor further includes:
means for measuring the occurrence of rain in excess of a predetermined amount; and
means for measuring the occurrence of wind in excess of a predetermined amount.
12. A control system as defined in claim 11 wherein:
said tranmitting means additionally transmits an indication of said measured wind and said measured rain to said programmed controller in response to said interrogations.
13. A control system as defined in claim 10 wherein said at least one sensor measures indoor temperature and said at least one remote sensor further includes:
means for measuring the indoor light level of said greenhouse.
said transmitting means additionally transmits an indication of said measured light level to said programmed controller in response to said interrogations.
15. A control system as defined in claim 5 wherein said address controller includes:
means for receiving commands from said programmed controller as to the state of at least one actuator;
means for distributing actuation signals based on said received commands; and
means, controlled by said actuation signals, for controlling a plurality of actuators to determine the operational state of said remotely controlled elements.
one of said remotely controlled elements is a ventilation fan.
one of said remotely controlled elements is a fuel valve of a heater element.
one of said remotely controlled elements is a fan motor of a heater element.
one of said remotely controlled elements is a pump supplying water to a cooling pad.
means for receiving commands from said programmed controller indicative of the position of one of said controlled elements; and
means for converting said commands into a proportional signal which positions said controlled element to the commanded position.
21. The control system as in claim 1 further including means for communicating on sidebands about a center frequency over said AC power line, comprising:
transmitter means for convering a digital binary signal having two binary levels into an upper sideband signal in response to one of said binary levels, and a lower sideband signal in response to the other binary level,
means for coupling said sideband signals to said AC power line; and
receiver means, coupled to receive said sideband signals from said AC power line, for converting said upper and lower sideband signals to respective binary logic level digital output signals.
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Filed: Sep 26, 1984
Assignee: IBG International, Inc. (Prairie View, IL)
Inventors: Frederick P. Kaiser (Orange, CA), Theodore R. Lapp (Mission Viejo, CA)
Primary Examiner: Parshotam S. Lall
Assistant Examiner: Kevin J. Teska
Law Firm: Fitch, Even, Tabin & Flannery
Current U.S. Class: 364/550; 165/22; 236/49; 340/310R; 364/138; 364/493; 364/506; 364/557
International Classification: G06F 1312; F24F 700;