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WiredFocus > Autos > Weather, transportation, trade will test inflation in 2023 – FoodNavigator-USA.com
Weather, transportation, trade will test inflation in 2023 – FoodNavigator-USA.com
January 1, 2023Autos
"2022 was, of course, a really, really unusual year for food prices" with inflation driving up the cost of food about 11% over 2021, according to the Consumer Price Index, which is "historically speaking … a really wild number," Ricky Volpe, an associate professor of agribusiness at Cal Poly, said during a recent briefing on the real drivers of food prices hosted by FMI – The Food Industry Association.
"But," he added, "since the summer, inflation really has cooled down a lot, and some food prices have actually come down."
'Weather is probably the single biggest question mark about what is coming in 2023'
While he acknowledged this is "good news," he also warned that "weather is probably the single biggest question mark about what is coming in 2023," and if severe weather events continue to intensify as expected it will impact the supply chain by limiting transportation and commodity production and by extension exports and imports.
"A lot of analysts are predicting severe weather events in 2023 will continue to affect both major exporters and US producers and manufacturers and will likely continue to have outsized impacts. Droughts, floods, hurricanes, fires, probably something we don't even see coming right now could impact the supply chain going forward" and potentially cause "inflation to spike back up," FMI's vice president of tax, trade, and sustainability Andy Harig agreed during the webinar.
For example, he pointed to the drought along the Mississippi that is causing a "major, major slowdown in barge traffic, which is critical to hauling grain and other crops South both to the Gulf of Mexico and then west to California for export."
He explained that after the Plains and Midwest experienced the 10th driest September on record, which was followed by an almost equally dry October, the Mississippi water level has dropped dramatically so that barges carrying commodities and essentials cannot pass as they once did.
As a result, the cost to ship grain down the Mississ has increased more than 2,000% since 2020 – pushing farmers to find alternative transportation options, such as rail or trucking, both of which are already pushed past their limits due to labor limitations and elevated energy costs, Harig explained.
"What we're seeing here really is a domino effect playing out – a shortage in trucking capacity made the cost of trucking goods more and more expensive throughout the pandemic and beyond that period. But now we have drought, which is increasing demand for trucking services yet again, and the continued truck driver shortage combined with fuel costs … is hampering transportation logistics nationally," he said.
Climate change tests international relationships, global food supply
Volpe added that the ramifications of climate change go beyond the US boarders and are reflected in current and potential geo-political strains.
For example, the delays and increased shipping costs due to the dropping water level of the Mississippi is further tightening the grain and oilseed market globally, which was already under duress due to the Russian-Ukraine war.
He added that China experienced "the most severe heatwave in the history of the planet" in 2022, which is "something we need to keep an eye on because if we're starting to see drought and heatwaves starting to affect China more serious, this is going to have tremendous implications on commodity markets internationally."
Volpe added that this is further tightening the grain and oilseed market globally, which was already under duress due to the Russian-Ukraine war.
In addition, he noted that China experienced "the most severe heatwave in the history of the planet" in 2022, which is "something we need to keep an eye on because if we're starting to see drought and heatwaves starting to affect China more serious, this is going to have tremendous implications on commodity markets internationally."
He added that this is a growing problem for which "there's really no short-term solution," but to which "the food supply chain domestically and globally has to start adapting, and it has to start adapting quickly."
Strategies for future-proofing the food system
One possible solution that Volpe says he sees as promising is vertical farming and a transition towards controlled environment agriculture, which by farming indoors with limited by recirculated inputs allows for "greatly broadening the geographic scope of production."
He explained: "We don' have to grown all these crops in California, if we are growing them inside and we're controlling the environment."
He acknowledged that the startup costs for indoor farming are high, but he says he sees "enormous potential for collaboration, integration and investment, most of it coming from downstream companies, including retailers and wholesalers and manufacturers who want to ensure the stability of their product and are making investments in CEA, in vertical agriculture."
He added" "those are the sorts of major direction that I see the food supply chain moving in terms of adapting and future-proofing and being ready for the next shock, the next surprise, the next disturbance."
While these threats are significant and a bit unpredictable, to the extent possible, they are already baked into the US Department of Agriculture's forecasts for food production in 2023, said Volpe.
Looking at those forecasts and knowing that a slight shift could cause an outsized negative impact, Volpe said he doesn't think the industry is on track for a "normal year," but he also predicted that – again unless something goes wrote – "we're not on track for anything resembling what we saw in 2022."
Rather, he predicts food prices will continue to increase around 3-4% — but emphasized industry should think long term and brace for the worst to be safe rather than sorry.
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"Hey old man, you home tonight?": Seven cinematic atheists.
Friday sees the release of Alejandro Amenabar's "Agora" (alliteration!), which stars Rachel Weisz as a philosopher/scientist and courageous atheist suffering at the hands of rabid Christians in fifth-century Alexandria. The Catholic Church, predictably, is not pleased: "Your film is going to awaken hatred against Christians in today's society," wrote Antonio Alonso Marcos, president of the Religious Anti-Defamation Observatory.
Amenabar's less than convincing response, from the New York Times, was that his movie isn't anti-religious because "Jesus would not have approved of what happened to Hypatia, which is why I say no good Christian should feel offended by this film." Not, perhaps, a stellar example of QED reasoning. Nonetheless, Amenabar has roused some angry passions with his film, one of the few to have a militant atheist as a hero. Here are seven more movies that put the godless front and center:
Judy Craig (Lina Basquette)
Back in the days when atheism was much more unusual and a taboo, Cecil B. DeMille's last silent movie of course guaranteed the conversion of its titular character by the end. Anything else would've been unacceptable from the man fresh off "King of Kings." "The Godless Girl" has a fascinating back story almost equal to its excesses, in depicting a high school where atheists and believers slug it out physically, eventually landing everyone in juvenile prison. That's where atheist Judy and believer Bob finally fall in love (it helps that lightning striking the prison fence leaves them both branded with crosses on their hands). The film flopped domestically, although not, apparently, because of its subject matter but because people weren't in the mood for ridiculously heightened expressionistic delirium and, by 1929, a silent extravaganza seemed dated. The movie was, however, a success in the USSR — where the last reel was cut, changing the film into a celebration of young American atheists — and made a deep impression on Hitler, who sent fan-mail to star Lina Basquette.
Luke (Paul Newman)
"Cool Hand Luke" (1967)
"Hey old man, you home tonight?" Those are Paul Newman's opening words to God when he enters a church, on the run and out of time. God, of course, remains silent (a dark, featureless ceiling has rarely been so poignant), which is no surprise. Having earlier told God to strike him down during a thunderstorm, only to be (natch) ignored, Luke's atheism is in full force. That makes sense for a prototypical '60s rebel, but the film (as oft-noted) manages to have it both ways. Luke's a rebel, but he's also a prophet (the name's a dead giveaway), dying for the prisoners' sins and ending up enshrined as a martyr. It's not the most courageous move, arguably, but it's a satisfying one, perhaps even a good one for atheists — Luke's a real hero and inspiration, and he doesn't need God to do it. (The relevant scene below starts at about 7:30.)
Mickey (Woody Allen)
"Hannah And Her Sisters" (1986)
Many of Woody Allen's films nervously circle the topic of religion and God's absence — Allen having gone repeatedly on the record as a proponent of a philosophy of despair and Godlessness. "Crimes and Misdemeanors" is weightier — it has an actual rabbi going blind, which is as an explicit a metaphor as you could ask for — but "Hannah" is fleeter and more satisfying on that strand. Allen's crisis is played, for once, for laughs as he contemplates the Hare Krishnas ("You'd look like Jerry Lewis") and disappoints his parents by not going with "your own people." The best gag, though, is purely visual: Woody comes back from the grocery store having resolved upon Catholicism, taking out of his bag a Bible, a crucifix, a loaf of bread and a jar of Miracle Whip. Notably, he gets to keep his atheism: watching "Duck Soup" restores his belief in humanism.
Eleanor Arroway (Jodie Foster)
"Contact" isn't a very good movie, coming as it does in the troubling midpoint of Robert Zemeckis' career, after he'd abandoned expertly crafted pop entertainments but hadn't yet started his series of increasingly dark motion-capture features. ("Beowulf" and "A Christmas Carol," while far from perfect, are fascinating and some of the most morbid big-budget Hollywood movies in recent memory.) Because "Contact" is mostly a movie about ideas — alien life, the universe, God and everything else — it occasionally sputters to life even when the dialogue is sub-par. The scene where Dr. Ellie Arroway (Jodie Foster) is interrogated about her status as an atheist by a congressional inquiry looking to shoot her off to the aliens isn't one of those moments; the music tips the hand, and it's all a bit simplistic. Nonetheless, there's something bracing about a big-budget movie even going there — especially without the help of that tiresome cliché, the Hypocritical Christian. Worth noting: the Matthew McConaughey character is a religious man who wasn't ordained because he couldn't get behind celibacy. Sounds about right.
Rev. Graham Hess (Mel Gibson)
M. Night Shyamalan isn't Ingmar Bergman, and "Signs" is one of the shallower grapplings with matters of faith on film (one with an unfortunately ponderous dual-meaning title). Mel Gibson's Rev. Hess was an ordained Episcopal priest until his wife's untimely death, when he stopped believing in God. By the film's end, after a number of coincidences have saved the family from becoming alien casualties, Gibson concludes there's a God after all and goes back to preaching. If I were a devout person looking for someone to guide me through times of spiritual turmoil, I probably wouldn't turn to the guy who's willing to leave and/or rejoin the church based, basically, on how his day is going. Aside from all that, the finale undercuts what, up to that point, has actually been a pretty gripping sci-fi thriller and all but retroactively spoils the whole thing.
Mumble (Elijah Wood)
Technically, there's no God and no talk of atheism in "Happy Feet." But George Miller's absolutely bizarre singing-penguins surprise hit is, among other things (it's so overloaded with subtext it's a wonder the movie functions at all, let alone with some success), a portrait of a heroic atheistic… penguin. Specifically, Mumble believes that the Antarctic fish have been less than prolific for some reason other than his invoking the wrath of the Great 'Guin, the deity-esque penguin who provides the animals with their sustenance. And he's absolutely right, but his explanation doesn't meet with the satisfaction of the tribal elders (who all look like refugees from Eisenstein's "Ivan the Terrible"), who banish him. That's some fierce religious rule right there. Fortunately, Mumble figures out the real source of the problem and leads the penguins in a dancing result, helping to ban Antarctic fishing. Phew.
Benito Mussolini (Filippo Timi)
"Vincere" (2009)
This is how you get attention: in the opening scene of "Vincere," young Benito Mussolini causes a meeting to turn into pure rioting chaos when he dares God to strike him down, then announces time's up. (He must have been a "Cool Hand Luke" fan — why's that the baseline test, anyway?) Mussolini, of course, is his own personal deity, a man with absolute confidence in himself. "Vincere" turns out to not be strictly about the man, but instead about his abandoned (and much worse) first wife and child. If "Vincere" seems to be drawing a dangerous link between fascism and atheism… well, the historical record's there, for better or worse.
[Photos: "Agora," Newmarket Films, 2009; "The Godless Girl," National Film Preservation Foundation, 1929; "Cool Hand Luke," Warner Bros., 1967; "Hannah And Her Sisters," MGM Home Entertainment, 1986; "Contact," Warner Bros., 1997; "Signs," Buena Vista Pictures, 2002; "Happy Feet," Warner Bros., 2006; "Vincere," IFC Films, 2009]

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


During our time in NYC, Rachel + I made it a point to meet up with as many people as we could - we love Instagram's ability to connect like minded people! We reached out to Kayla (@alittlepaperdoll) to see if she would want to wander around the West Village with us as we took photos of her. Lucky for us, she obliged and was the perfect tour guide/ model! She also brought along her friend Channing (@channingleighton), who was a lovely addition to our exploration. This NYC trip was so life giving and encouraging. We loved being able to get to explore, chat with new people, and make connections through the wonderful world of social media! Here are a few shots from our wanderings around West Village.


Around Mumbai, many cancer patients are not properly taken care of. Most of them are elderly individuals without any family. In the Shanti Avedna centre, they receive proper treatment, regardless of their religion or caste. The hospice is unique in the region. Most of the patients are in the final stage of illness; many of them do not have the means for proper treatment to slow down the disease.
AMURT purchased pain killers and medical materials for the patients. It also offered training and counselling for the patients' families to help them take care of their relatives.


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431-457 West Liberty Street - Liberty Row
Broker: Rose Company
Email: nottenweller@roseplaces.com
Website: https://www.roseplaces.co...
Property Type: Retail or Office
Address: 431-457 West Liberty Street - Liberty Row
Square Feet Available: 1,885 sq. ft.
Property Description: Liberty Row is a multi-tenant office and retail building at 431-457 West Liberty Street. Built in 1972, all suites have been renovated, and there is parking for 72 vehicles. There are three suites available for lease, each with a separate entrance.
Suite 431-433 is 1, 237 SF office on the main level and includes a reception area, five private offices, two restrooms, and a utility room.
Suite 224 is an upper level 404 SF private office with a full restroom
Suite 228 is an upper level 244 SF single off with a full restroom.
Location Description: Liberty Row is located three blocks west of the Historic Medina Square. It is within easy walking distance to Medina City Hall, Medina Municipal Court, and dowtown restaurants, and shopping.


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Taiwan Seminary or Taiwan Theological College and Seminary or Taiwan Graduate School of Theology, also known as 'Taishen' (, Taiwanese: Tâi-oân Sîn-ha̍k-ī) is a private Presbyterian educational institution in Taipei, Taiwan.  It constitutes one of three seminaries of the Presbyterian Church of Taiwan, along with Tainan Theological College and Seminary (in Tainan) and Yushan Theological Seminary in Hualien.

History

Pre-war
The Seminary was founded by George Leslie Mackay, a missionary teacher despatched to Taiwan by the Canadian Presbyterian Church. Teacher under Dr Mackay began in Tamsui in 1872, and was geared towards the formation of ministers. Initially Mackay taught a small group of students during his evangelistic itineration and he referred to the school as the "Peripatetic College" or "Itinerant College." By 1882 construction of the Seminary's first building had been completed. The building was named "Oxford College" after Mackay's hometown in Oxford County, Ontario. In 1901 the deanship of the Seminary was transferred to Rev. William Gauld.

Under new leadership the school moved its premises to Shuanglian, Taipei, in 1914.  The Seminary was briefly closed during the Japanese occupation, and its premises were used by Japanese military from 1944 until 1945.

Post-war
After the war, Taishen was led by Rev. James Ira Dickson (孫雅各, 1900-1967) who was committed to improving the school's infrastructure, standards for incoming students, and the granting of academic degrees. At the 7th Taiwan Presbyterian General Conference of 1954, the seminary trustees were authorized to sell the old school premises and purchase a piece of approximately sixty thousand square feet of land perched on the lower part of the Yangming Mountain as the new campus site. Upon the completion of the William Gauld Memorial Hall, currently the administrative building, and the male dormitory on September 21, 1956, the seminary was ready to relocate from Shuanglian to Lingtou and begin classes. During the following year, the Christian Education Department was added, followed by the Church Music Department. Evening seminars also started to be held.

Taiwan Graduate School of Theology
Taiwan Seminary was eventually accredited according to the 'Private School Rules' promulgated by the Governor's Office in 1992. In 2004, the Legislative Yuan revised the "Private Schools Law" to include a "Religious Training College" clause. In view of this new law, Taiwan Theological College and Seminary could allow graduates of Taishen to obtain a degree recognized by the Ministry of Education and also be able to create connections with other religious institutions and seminaries at home and abroad. Taishen then set out to begin discussions for registering the school with the Ministry of Education. In 2010, a "Taiwan Theological College and Seminary Consortium" was established to prepare for the process. On June 15, 2015, the "Taiwan Graduate School of Theology" was approved for accreditation and enrollment began under the new accredited school during the 2016 academic year.

In 2022, Taiwan Seminary celebrated its 150th anniversary, holding a series of lectures, commemorations, and other events.

Academics
In addition to TGST's extension program, which offers courses to adult students off-campus, TGST offers several core, academic degrees. The main theological degree is the Master of Divinity. Students register in one of two departments: the Department of Christian Studies and the Department of Theological Studies. In addition the school has a Postgraduate Department that offers Master of Theology and Doctor of Philosophy degrees, as well as a Doctor of Ministry that provides doctoral training for those already in ministry. There are also Masters of Arts degrees offered in church music and counseling.

Students of the School are encouraged to engage with the broader Presbyterian tradition. TGST's North American Presbyterian heritage endures through the institution of initiatives such as the annual Excellence in Preaching award, named in honor of the Presbyterian theologian and author Frederick Buechner.

Taiwan Seminary has two endowed, annual lectures: the Mackay Lectures and the Shuanglian Lectures. The Mackay lectures are invited academic lectures, and in recent years have included international figures like Brian Stanley, Luke Powery, David Ferguson, Brian Blount, Choon Leong Seow, and Michael Welker, as well as senior faculty including Sun Po-Lin and Lin Hong-Hsin. The Shunaglian lectures are directed more towards clergy and alumni and have featured discussions on topics like body theology, ecclesiology, or women in ministry. Taiwan Seminary has some partnerships with seminaries abroad, for instance with Knox College in Toronto.

Library
The library of the Taiwan Theological College and Seminary grew from the holdings of the Oxford College, founded in 1882 (now a sister institution, Aletheia University). That original library began as a simple reading room for missionaries themselves. As more and more missionaries arrived, the collection rapidly grew; and since many missionaries left their books to the library when they departed, the collection steadily expanded. At that time, most of the library's books were in English. Yet during the period of Japanese colonization, Japanese-language books were also added to the collection. Finally, with the arrival of the Nationalist Kuomintang party from China, Chinese books also started to enter the collection. Since English has become the standard for international academic publications, especially in the areas of Christian religion and philosophy, the majority of the library's holdings are in English. And yet the recent boom in Chinese-language theological literature has allowed the library to increase its Chinese holdings, so that Chinese books now account for approximately 40% of the library's collection. The library uses the Library of Congress classification system. The library has more than 95,000 volumes, including more 36,000 books in Chinese and more than 42,000 in other languages.

Research Centers
Taiwan Seminary has three research centers dedicated to history, theology, and intercultural studies. In addition to the Intercultural Studies Center, Taiwan Seminary is also home to a Center for the Study of Taiwanese Christian History, and the a Center for the Study of Christian Thought.

The Center for the Study of Christian Thought (CSCT) is chiefly dedicated to the history of Reformation thought and the Protestant tradition and hosts conferences on theology.

The Center for the Study of Taiwanese Christian History collects and preserves relevant information and data regarding Taiwan's church history, with the twin purposes of further research and teaching. The collections held at the Center include documents and publications created by early Taiwanese churches and institutions of the Northern Synod of the Presbyterian Church in Taiwan, including: the Northern Synod, Taipei Presbytery, Taipei Central Presbytery, Seven Stars Presbytery, Hsinchu Presbytery, and the Central Eastern Presbytery. Beyond presbytery and institutional documents, the Center also collects reports from local congregations.

Notable people

Taiwan Seminary faculty are widely known for contributions in the fields of history, theology, and Biblical studies. The school has famously included a series of missionaries on its faculty.

References

External links
Taiwan Theological College and Seminary
Taiwan Graduate School of Theology

Protestantism in Taiwan
Universities and colleges in Tainan
Educational institutions established in 1872

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Richard of Saint Victor (died 1173) was a Medieval Scottish philosopher and theologian and one of the most influential religious thinkers of his time. A canon regular, he was a prominent mystical theologian, and was prior of the famous Augustinian Abbey of Saint Victor in Paris from 1162 until his death in 1173.

Life

Very little is known about the origins and upbringing of Richard of Saint Victor. John of Toulouse wrote a short Vita of Richard in the seventeenth century. He said that Richard came from Scotland. John added that Richard was received into the Abbey of St Victor by Abbot Gilduin (1114–1155) and was a student under Hugh of St Victor, the most influential of all Victorine teachers (implying that Richard entered the community before Hugh's death in 1141). This account of Richard's early life is not accepted by all modern scholars, however, and some have suggested that Richard entered the abbey after Hugh's death in 1141.

All scholarship agrees, however, that Richard was a magister during the 1150s, and was then promoted to subprior in 1159 (as stated by a document found at the abbey).  He served under Achard of St. Victor's elected successor Ernisius, who was unworthy of the position. Richard's life was then burdened by the frustrations of working under a man who was ill-suited for his responsibilities. Ernisius wasted the abbey's resources on overly ambitious building projects and persecuted those who attempted to resist him. Richard was allowed to keep his office but his influence was restricted. Things became so unbearable that an appeal was made to the Pope, who then visited Saint Victor in 1162. Through a multitude of transactions, Ernisius was eventually removed from his position and the Pope commended Richard for his continued involvement in the matter. Letters from England written to Richard show that he was in constant touch with English affairs and give evidence of the international character of intellectual life at this time.

He was then promoted to prior in 1162, a position he held until his death on 10 March 1173.

Writings

Richard wrote extensively (Migne's Patrologia Latina contains 34 works attributed to him, and this is not Richard's full corpus). There are some problems with establishing the chronology of Richard's works. The earliest ones come before 1153, and the latest were written one or two years before his death. His earlier works are similar to the general teaching and writing of the period. His writing develops from basic exegesis, theology and philosophy to more of a study of purely spiritual questions. In his early writings he relies on the moral interpretations of previous theologians such as Augustine of Hippo, Bede, Pope Gregory I and Hugh. He later became more independent and strayed from Hugh's influence. There is some debate between historians about which of Richard's texts are the most influential and important. Because Richard's work covers many spheres of thought it is somewhat difficult to categorise his work.

The Book of the Twelve Patriarchs, or Benjamin Minor
The Book of the Twelve Patriarchs, sometimes titled Benjamin Minor, is one of Richard of Saint Victor's great works on contemplation. It is not exactly known when it was written, but it would seem to date before 1162. Richard specifies that this work is not a treatise on contemplation but rather prepares the mind for contemplation.

The Mystical Ark, or Benjamin Major
The Mystical Ark, sometimes called Benjamin Major or The Grace of Contemplation completes this with the study of the mind in relation to prayer. However, in the last chapters of Benjamin Major, written later than the Minor, Richard almost abandons his topic and the discussion of the teaching of mystical theology takes up a good portion of every remaining chapter. He is still attempting to instruct his followers on a text but he has also engaged himself in creating a system of mystical theology.

De Trinitate
One of Richard's greatest works was the De Trinitate which was probably written while Richard was prior, between 1162 and 1173. This is known because it incorporates pieces of theological text which editors are now finding in earlier works. De Trinitate is Richard's most independent and original study on dogmatic theology. It stems from the desire to show that dogmatic truths of Christian revelation are ultimately not against reason. Richard's theological approach stems from a profoundly mystical life of prayer, which in the Spirit seeks to involve the mind, in continuation with the Augustinian and Anselmian tradition.

Owing to the fact that until recently this masterpiece has not been available in any English translation, its diffusion has been limited and its influence has seldom gone beyond 'Book III', condemning serious enquiry to an understanding of Richard's argument that is only partial. Finally, in 2011, through the efforts of Ruben Angelici's scholarship, the first, full translation of Richard's 'De Trinitate' has been released for publication in English and now this scholastic masterpiece is readily available to a wider audience to be appreciated in its entirety.

Other Treatises and Works
Richard wrote a massive handbook of biblical education entitled Liber Exceptionum (Book of Selections/Book of Notes), important scriptural commentaries, and many treatises.

The Four Degrees of Violent Charity, composed about 1170, with its description of how vehement love leads to union with God and more perfect service of neighbour, has been of interest to writers interested in Christian mysticism.

Richard's other treatises are a number of short works which mainly deal with textual difficulties and theological issues. Many of them can be grouped together with larger works. Some of them are correspondence between Richard and his students while others seem to have been written at the request of friends. Although short, they are often interesting because they allow the modern reader to see the mentality of the students and the discussions and issues of the time.

Richard of Saint Victor's Commentary on Ezekiel is of special interest in the field of art history because the explanations laid out by the author are accompanied by illustrations. A number of copies have come down to us, none of which are dated, but they are written in a style attributable to the second half of the twelfth century.

Historiographical contributions
What makes Richard of Saint-Victor stand out from other theologians of his time is that he approaches theological problems as more of a psychologist, contributing to 'a careful analysis of contemplative experiences.'

Bibliography

Translations
Franklin T Harkins and Frans van Liere, eds, Interpretation of scripture: theory. A selection of works of Hugh, Andrew, Richard and Godfrey of St Victor, and of Robert of Melun, (Turnhout, Belgium: Brepols, 2012) [includes translation of selections from The book of notes, and selections from On the Apocalypse of John]
Hugh Feiss, ed, On love: a selection of works of Hugh, Adam, Achard, Richard and Godfrey of St Victor, (Turnhout: Brepols, 2011) [includes A.B. Kraebel's translation of On the Four Degrees of Violent Love]
R. Angelici, Richard of Saint Victor: On the Trinity. English Translation and Commentary (Eugene: Cascade, 2011)
Boyd Taylor Coolman and Dale M Coulter, eds, Trinity and creation: a selection of works of Hugh, Richard and Adam of St Victor. (Turnhout: Brepols, 2010) [includes translation of Richard of St Victor, On the Trinity]
Richard of St Victor,  Twelve Patriarchs, Mystical Ark, Book Three of the Trinity.' Translation and introduction by Grover A. Zinn. Paulist Press, Toronto 1979. xviii + 425pp.  [Translations & 50page introduction]
Richard of St Victor, On the Trinity, Book One, trans. Jonathan Couser. [A translation of Book One of On the Trinity] http://pvspade.com/Logic/docs/StVictor.pdf
Richard of St Victor, Selected Writings on Contemplation. Translated with an introduction and notes by Clare Kirchberger. (London: Faber and Faber, 1957) [Contains extracts from the Twelve Patriarchs, The Mystical Ark, some notes on the Psalms and the Four degrees of Charity.]

References

Further reading
P. Sicard. Iter Victorinum. La tradition manuscrite des œuvres de Hugues et de Richard de Saint-Victor. Répertoire complémentaire et études (Bibliotheca Victorina 24), Turnhout: Brepols Publishers, 2015 ()
J. Bougerol. 'The Church Fathers and Auctoritates in Scholastic Theology to Bonaventure', in The Reception of the Church Fathers in the West, 1997, pp. 289–335.
W. Cahn, 'Architecture and Exegesis: Richard of St.-Victor's Ezekiel Commentary and Its Illustrations' in The Art Bulletin,76, no.1, pp. 53–68.
O. Davies. 'Later Medieval Mystics', in The Medieval Theologians, 2001, pp. 221–232.
K. Emery. 'Richard of Saint Victor', in A Companion to Philosophy in the Middle Ages, 2003, pp. 588–594.
H. Feiss, 'Heaven in the Theology of Hugh, Achard and Richard of Saint Victor', in Imagining Heaven in the Middle Ages,2000, pp. 145–163.
P. Healy. 'The Mysticism of the School of Saint Victor' in Church History 1, 1932, pp. 211–221.
Spijker, 'Learning by Experience: Twelfth Century Monastic Ideas' in Centres of Learning, 1995, pp. 197–206.

External links

Guide to Richard, of Saint Victor, Religious Treatises. With: Hugo, Argentinensis, Compendium Theologicae Veritatis Manuscript, circa 1400 at the University of Chicago Special Collections Research Center

1173 deaths
12th-century Christian mystics
Scottish expatriates in France
12th-century Scottish Roman Catholic clergy
Catholic philosophers
Canonical Augustinian scholars
Canonical Augustinian theologians
Scottish philosophers
Canonical Augustinian abbots and priors
Year of birth missing
Roman Catholic mystics
Medieval Scottish theologians
12th-century Scottish writers
12th-century philosophers


MacKenzie Hughes is proud to call Texas home, after moving to Fort Worth over four years ago from Northern California. Having developed a successful educational department and then instituting a company-wide revitalization with emphasis on lab service rejuvenation at Crown Camera in Redding, Ca., MacKenzie transitioned his focus towards a position in Texas at Fort Worth Camera. Under MacKenzie's team leadership, Fort Worth Camera has been at the forefront of innovation within the photo imaging industry by pioneering such programs such as the Fort Worth Foto Fest, unique event offerings and the Fort Worth Camera Ambassador program. Fort Worth Camera is proud to have integrated the Print Refinery to its new, state-of-the-art location within the Cultural District of Fort Worth and looks forward to a long and innovative future as an IPI partner.


All the votes are in and it's time for the results! Thank you for all of your votes! This Round had the closest contested matches! You seem to have been enjoying the voting and we are seeing a lot of people get involved. We love it! So, here's the results!
Match #2 Winner = Death beat Dream Eater!
THE FINAL FOUR ARE SET!!!
We'll update the bracket and the next round of matches will run THIS WEEKEND!!! Voting will begin right away!
Thank you for voting and we're really happy to see so much activity on this event. Our fans rock.
We have made a few updates to the Kickstarter (http://www.kickstarter.com/projects/212378023/grimm-fairy-tales-animated-series) . If you haven't yet donated, you certainly should! Keep the support coming and we will keep adding awesome rewards.
Wonderland overpowered Grimm O_O. It's going to be a mother vs. daughter battle?! This is like that movie, "Warrior". Only i find the idea of Alice spanking Calie strangely arousing lol.


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text:
The paseo marítimo of Pontevedra is a pedestrian way along the seafront facing the ria of Pontevedra, in Pontevedra, Spain. This coastal public space is built in the urban and semi-urban area of the city and defines its encounter with the sea and the Lérez river.

History
At the beginning of the 20th century it was a rough and stony path along the Ria de Pontevedra and the Lérez river. The current pedestrian walkway has several sections that were built at different times by different public administrations.

Until 1997, the banks of the Lérez river were not developed. In 1996, the Galician Government awarded the construction work on the banks from the Tirantes Bridge to the Lérez Beach area to the construction company OCP, including a new access to the Monte Porreiro district. Work began on 7 October 1996.The project covered a total of 42,000 square metres on the left bank of the river. On the right bank, the project consisted of the development of a 110,000 square metre strip with green spaces, wooden bridges, improvement of the forestry, installation of urban furniture and lighting. The promenade, known as the Paseo del Lérez, was inaugurated by the President of the Galician Government on 24 July 1997. From that day on, this pedestrian way has been the main place for the inhabitants of Pontevedra to walk.

In 2000, the Ministry of Public Works began the redesign of the Orillamar pedestrian way (Beiramar in Galician) from the Burgo Bridge to the port of Corbaceiras. A roundabout with an ornamental pool was created in front of the Burgo Bridge and the sculpture Dorna by the artist Xaime Quesada was installed there. It was later moved to Gorgullón street during the new restructuring of Avenida Uruguay in 2006. The work on this new pedestrian promenade on the banks of the Ria de Pontevedra was inaugurated by the Vice-President of the Spanish Government, Mariano Rajoy, on 20 August 2001.

In 2009, the Pontevedra City Council launched the project to extend the promenade from the port of Corbaceiras and the mouth of the Gafos River into the Pontevedra ria, to open up the city to the sea. The project was designed by the architect José Ramón Garitaonaindia de Vera. The seafront has been developed, one lane of the PO-12 dual carriageway has been removed and land in the public maritime domain has been occupied. An observation platform was built on stilts over the ria de Pontevedra, overlooking the island of Tambo. The promenade was inaugurated on 25 March 2011.

In July 2017, the city council refurbished the Lérez promenade by repairing cracks in the footpath and cycle path. A section of approximately 300 metres, between the Lérez Beach and the Tirantes Bridge, was also strengthened by the installation of almost 700 piles with beams placed on the edge of the promenade.

In June 2020, the Ministry of Ecological Transition awarded the construction company San José the contract to extend the seafront promenade (including a cycle path) by more than two kilometres, from the Malvar roundabout to Os Placeres, in the civil parish of Lourizán. Work began in August 2020. The first kilometre and three hundred metres of this section of the promenade was officially opened to pedestrians on 26 February 2022.

Description
Visually and in the collective unconscious, the Paseo Marítimo, the Paseo de Orillamar and the Paseo del Lérez form a single coastal artery: Orillamar (= Seaside).

 Paseo marítimo: From the port of Corbaceiras to the Malvar roundabout, the promenade has a 1 km long, 2.5-metre wide wooden path overlooking the ria de Pontevedra in some places and a 2.2-metre wide cycle path. In the area near Manuel del Palacio street, stone steps leading down to the ria de Pontevedra have been repaired. The promenade includes LED lighting bollards separating the cycle path from the pedestrian walkway, several concrete design benches covered in wood near the junction of Manuel del Palacio street and a 100 square metre observation point on stilts above the ria de Pontevedra with views of the island of Tambo. In 2020, work began to extend the promenade by a further two kilometres, incorporating a cycle path along the entire length of the promenade. The aim of extending the promenade is to open up the city to the sea.
When the tide is low in the estuary, large sandbanks are exposed, forming a wetland area that attracts many seabirds such as herons, gulls, waders and sea ducks. This area is attracting more and more birdwatchers.

 Paseo de Orillamar (from the port of Corbaceiras to the Burgo Bridge): The Orillamar promenade is equipped with a stainless steel railing, wooden benches, litter bins, lawns, shrubs, trees (stone pines, weeping figs, liquidambar, camphor trees, Callery pear trees, privets), a red hedge behind the benches and several drinking water fountains. The promenade is surfaced with pink granite and black slate tiles arranged in a criss-cross pattern. The pedestrian walkway crosses the Barca Bridge with a wooden platform that runs inside one of the spans of the bridge. A pedestrian underground passage with natural light through the upper roundabout on Uruguay Avenue, runs under the Currents Bridge. This passage is protected on the side of the ria by a glass screen, so that the water can be seen during high tides when the sea level rises.

 Paseo del Lérez (from the Tirantes Bridge to the Lérez Beach): It includes a cycle path, a pedestrian promenade with a breakwater and granite steps leading down to the river, benches, lampposts and gardens with rows of plane trees In the middle of the promenade is the cable-stayed footbridge designed by the civil engineer Hugo Corres Peiretti, which spans the Lérez river and leads to the Island of Sculptures park. The curved deck of this bridge, which allows small boats to pass, has a span of 82.50 metres and a deflection of 13.40 metres, with a sheet metal deck and a curved arch of 1 metre diameter.

Tourist attractions
 The bridges crossing the ria de Pontevedra and the Lérez river: the Barca Bridge, the Currents Bridge, the Burgo Bridge and the Tirantes Bridge.
 The Pontevedra marina, next to the Paseo d'Orillamar (Uruguay Avenue).
 The central market of Pontevedra, near the Burgo Bridge.
 The Pontevedra Museum, near the Santiago Bridge.
 The sandbanks at low tide for watching seabirds.
 The Tambo Island, can be seen from the promenade.

Gallery

References

See also

Related articles
 Barca Bridge
 Currents Bridge
 Pontevedra marina
 Mollavao

External links
 (gl)  Los puentes de Pontevedra on the website Tesouros no tempo.

Tourism in Galicia (Spain)
Urban planning in Spain
Pontevedra
Province of Pontevedra
Buildings and structures in Pontevedra
Waterfronts
Streets in Spain


text:
The government will not text you to exchange information for stimulus money
By Adrienne E. McComas	 Last updated Sep 27, 2021
Government agencies will not send unsolicited text messages about COVID-19 stimulus payments or anything else that asks for personal information or money.
Due to the economic impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, the federal government has issued three rounds of stimulus payments to Americans since early 2020.
A viewer sent VERIFY a screenshot of a text message that read, "We are happy to inform you that your information has been collected at random for the COVID-19 stimulus payment." But to get this payment, the text asked the viewer to "please follow the link to fill out the form". The shortened URL led the viewer to a ".wixsite.com" link with grammatical errors on the website.
The viewer asked VERIFY to confirm if it was legit or not.
Is the US government texting randomly selected people about COVID-19 stimulus payments?
THE SOURCES
No, the U.S. government is not sending anyone unsolicited text messages regarding COVID-19 stimulus payments. These text messages are scams that the IRS says are on the rise.
The IRS said in an August 30 press release, it received a record number of COVID-19 stimulus payment scam reports in June and July 2021. The IRS website shows an example of such a scam, sent via SMS and urging the recipient to complete a form on an included link.
The IRS says it doesn't send unsolicited text messages or emails. It will not threaten individuals with jail time or legal action, and it will not require payment of taxes on gift cards or via cryptocurrency.
"Taxpayers should be on the lookout for grammar, capitalization and spelling errors in e-mails and texts, which serve as indicators of fraud," warns the IRS. "Taxpayers should also be careful when clicking on shortened URLs, which can lead to fraudulent web pages. "
No government agency will call, text, or email people asking for money or personal information, the FTC says on a website about scams by government impersonators. The FTC is also warning people not to trust their caller ID as it can be spoofed and never click on links in unexpected emails or text messages.
According to the FTC, scams sometimes use fake agency names or fake officials, making them easy to spot after a quick Google search. It's also good to keep in mind that all government websites have URLs ending in ".gov" in case you accidentally click on an unknown link.
COVID-19 stimulus payment scams have been on the FTC radar since April 2020. The FTC then reminded people that if a person needed to update any information to receive their checks, they should do so directly through the IRS website.
The IRS says people can report COVID-19 stimulus scams by forwarding messages to [email protected] A taxpayer who has been the victim of a scam used to steal their COVID-19 stimulus payment can report it online to the Inspector General of the Treasury for Tax Administration (TIGTA) at ADVICE.TIGTA.GOV.
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Estate agent central London wide can help you buy the home of your dreams. Buying a new home whether you are a first time buyer or moving home can be an exciting time, but can also be an anxious and stressful one. Here are some tips and hints to make buying your next property that bit easier.
Before visiting any Central London estate agents, start by working out your budget. Buying a home is likely the largest financial transaction you will ever make. Your budget depends on your income, and that of any joint purchaser. Any deposit or equity you have in an existing property and other debts and financial commitments. Discuss your requirements with a mortgage lender to see how much you could afford to borrow. Most people can borrow up to three times their salary. Define your requirements from a property. Do you need an apartment, house or bungalow? Think about the size, type and style of property that you need and then look at similar properties in the area you have chosen. Remember, once you have an idea of your property, discuss it with your estate agents London based and be open to suggestions based on your budget and the area's market. Next, look at whether you should purchase a new build or re-sale property. They both have advantages and disadvantages. As this is a large topic, you should discuss it with your estate agent. Finally, once you have discussed your needs and viewed the perfect property it is time to make an offer. Hopefully, your offer will be accepted and you will be able to purchase your dream new home.
We are Next Property, an estate agent Central London based service provider. We give sellers, buyers and renters expert property help and advice. Call to today to talk to our friendly staff. We are on hand to answer all your questions on +44 (0)207 118 0000. Visit us online at http://www.nextproperty.co.uk/ for more information and advice.


text:
Verizon Closes in On Deal to Acquire Yahoo for $5 billion [Report]
In a recent development, leading American wireless network provider, Verizon, is closing in on a deal worth $5 billion to acquire Yahoo; a company which once, was among the largest internet companies of the world. The Sunnyvale based giant primarily known for their search engine and mailing client hasn't been doing great off late, with the company in the process of selling most of its assets including their core products.
Yahoo in fact sold their sprawling 48-acre San Jose plot in the heart of Silicon Valley to the high flying Chinese firm LeEco for a whopping price of $250 million a few weeks back. In fact, Marissa Mayer led Yahoo is reported to reveal their winning bid for their core assets this week and it so far seems that Verizon is the leading the race. Apart from Verizon, telecom giant AT&T and another relatively unknown firm known as Vector Capitals were also in the race to take over Yahoo. But unlike others four potential investors, Verizon wasn't quite interested in Yahoo's land assets and intellectual properties. Rather their primary aim is to take over Yahoo's existing core products including the Search Engine, Mail and a number of popular sites like Flickr and Tumblr.
Analysts have been touting Verizon as the obvious buyer of Yahoo since the past week, as they felt the American telecom giant is in the best state to turn things round for the Sunnyvale headquartered internet company. Considering Verizon's prowess in advertising technology and their news distribution expertise thanks to the acquisition of AOL, that estimation isn't quite far stretched. Now, internal sources have revealed to Bloomberg that Verizon is already in the final steps of completing the deal with Yahoo and a formal announcement would be done soon. That said, there's still a chance that the deal mayn't work out but that quite unlikely.
With the acquisition of Yahoo, Verizon would place themselves in a sweet spot to take on two of the largest players in the internet space – Google and Facebook. Seeing the recent trends in the wireless market, Verizon had been looking out for an opportunity to diverge its business into greener pastures. So it won't be quite of a surprise if Verizon eventually ends up acquiring Yahoo later this week.
Source:Bloomberg
Photo Credits:The Countrycaller
Last updated by Sayan Sarkar, on 22-Jul-16
Sayan Sarkar Author Sayan is a technology aficionado who shares a keen interest in the booming startup scene in India. Prior to joining TechPP, he has had stints at GizBot and IBTimes UK. Currently based in Kolkata, Sayan is pursing a degree in Dental Surgery.


At SpellBrand, one of our core values is to share knowledge and we take this very seriously. In this brand journal, we write a lot about brand building – how to create, build, launch and market brands with tips, advise and more. Hope you find this awesome resource useful and can help you on your brand journey.
In this article we look at the complete journey of building a brand from scratch. Knowing each of these steps will enable you to evaluate what you process of creating your brand and how to create a winning brand.
If you are embarking on a content strategy and creating content for your blog, website or social media channel, you would need photos, images and other creative items to help make them beautiful. Here are 60 FREE resources to help you become a designer!
In this post, I discuss 3 causes that may be overlooked by most people and perhaps not even recognized by some. As a serial entrepreneur myself and having launched 3 successful startups, I can understand why founders may have a difficult time identifying these causes and proactively attacking them.
How To Figure Out The ROI Of Your Marketing Strategy?


text:
Rizari est un village de Grèce situé dans le nome de Pella. Rizari est situé 7 km à l'est de la ville d'Edessa.

Information
Rizari est connu pour ses champs de pêchers. Les pêches sont vendues dans ce pays et à l'étranger. On en fait de la confiture de pêches, des jus de fruits et des boîtes de pêches.

Habitants
La plupart des habitants sont grecs mais il y a aussi quelques Albanais.

Personnages célèbres
 , Miss Grèce 2003, mannequin et présentatrice de télévision

Village en Macédoine-Centrale


text:
Q: XNA - Rectangle Error im working on a pong game, and im trying to make so when the ball collides the paddle, it bounces off..as simple as that. But when i use rectangles, cus i think using if(ballRect.Intersects(gPaddle.gRect)) is the best way of making a collision.
But when i start my game, everything goes wrong, the ball dissappears, and the paddle textures gets wierd, a part of it doesnt follow the paddle and yeah.. heres the code:
GreenPaddle.cs:
    public class GreenPaddle
{
    public Texture2D gPtexture;
    public Vector2 position;
    public Rectangle gpRect;
    public Vector2 origin;
    public int speed = 2;

    public GreenPaddle()
    {

    }

    public void LoadContent(ContentManager Content)
    {
        gPtexture = Content.Load<Texture2D>("greenpaddle");
        position = new Vector2(20, 200);
        gpRect = new Rectangle((int)position.X, (int)position.Y,
            gPtexture.Width, gPtexture.Height);
    }

    public void Update(GameTime gameTime)
    {
        KeyboardState keyState = Keyboard.GetState();

        //Movement
        PaddleMovement();

        //Border Collision
        isCollidingWithBorders();
      }

    public void Draw(SpriteBatch spriteBatch)
    {
        spriteBatch.Draw(gPtexture, position, gpRect, Color.White);
    }

    public Boolean isCollidingWithBorders()
    {
        if (position.Y < 83 && gpRect.Y < 83)
        {
            position.Y = 83;
            gpRect.Y = 83;
            return true;
        }

        if (position.Y > 400 && gpRect.Y > 400)
        {
            position.Y = 400;
            gpRect.Y = 400;
            return true;
        }

        else { return false; }

    }

    public void PaddleMovement()
    {
        KeyboardState keyState = Keyboard.GetState();
        if (keyState.IsKeyDown(Keys.W))
        {
            position.Y -= speed;
            gpRect.Y -= speed;
        }
        if (keyState.IsKeyDown(Keys.S))
        {
            position.Y += speed;
            gpRect.Y += speed;
        }
    }
}

Ball.cs:
 public class Ball
{
    GreenPaddle gPaddle = new GreenPaddle();

    Texture2D ballTexture;
    Vector2 ballPosition;
    Rectangle ballRect;
    int speed = 2;
    bool movingUp, movingLeft;

    public Ball()
    {
        movingLeft = true;
        movingUp = true;
    }

    public void LoadContent(ContentManager Content)
    {
        ballTexture = Content.Load<Texture2D>("ball");
        ballPosition = new Vector2(380, 225);
        ballRect = new Rectangle((int)ballPosition.X, (int)ballPosition.Y,
            ballTexture.Width, ballTexture.Height);

    }

    public void Update(GameTime gameTime)
    {
        BallMovement();

    }

    public void Draw(SpriteBatch spriteBatch)
    {
        spriteBatch.Draw(ballTexture, ballPosition, ballRect, Color.White);
    }

    public void BallMovement()
    {
        if (movingUp) { ballPosition.Y -= speed; ballRect.Y -= speed; }
        if (!movingUp) { ballPosition.Y += speed; ballRect.Y += speed; }
        if (movingLeft) { ballPosition.X -= speed; ballRect.X -= speed; }
        if (!movingLeft) { ballPosition.X += speed; ballRect.X += speed; }

        if (ballRect.Intersects(gPaddle.gpRect))
            movingLeft = false;

        if (ballPosition.Y < 85)
        {
            movingUp = false;
        }
    }
}

Game1.cs:
public class Game1 : Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Game
{
    GraphicsDeviceManager graphics;
    SpriteBatch spriteBatch;

    Texture2D BackGround;
    GreenPaddle gPaddle = new GreenPaddle();
    Ball ball = new Ball();

    public Game1()
    {
        graphics = new GraphicsDeviceManager(this);
        Content.RootDirectory = "Content";
        graphics.PreferredBackBufferHeight = 500;
    }

    protected override void Initialize()
    {
        // TODO: Add your initialization logic here

        base.Initialize();
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// LoadContent will be called once per game and is the place to load
    /// all of your content.
    /// </summary>
    protected override void LoadContent()
    {
        // Create a new SpriteBatch, which can be used to draw textures.
        spriteBatch = new SpriteBatch(GraphicsDevice);

        BackGround = Content.Load<Texture2D>("pongBG");
        gPaddle.LoadContent(Content);
        ball.LoadContent(Content);
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// UnloadContent will be called once per game and is the place to unload
    /// all content.
    /// </summary>
    protected override void UnloadContent()
    {
        // TODO: Unload any non ContentManager content here
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Allows the game to run logic such as updating the world,
    /// checking for collisions, gathering input, and playing audio.
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="gameTime">Provides a snapshot of timing values.</param>
    protected override void Update(GameTime gameTime)
    {
        // Allows the game to exit
        if (GamePad.GetState(PlayerIndex.One).Buttons.Back == ButtonState.Pressed)
            this.Exit();

        gPaddle.Update(gameTime);
        ball.Update(gameTime);

        base.Update(gameTime);
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// This is called when the game should draw itself.
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="gameTime">Provides a snapshot of timing values.</param>
    protected override void Draw(GameTime gameTime)
    {
        GraphicsDevice.Clear(Color.CornflowerBlue);

        spriteBatch.Begin();
        spriteBatch.Draw(BackGround, new Vector2(0f, 0f), Color.White);
        gPaddle.Draw(spriteBatch);
        ball.Draw(spriteBatch);
        spriteBatch.End();

        base.Draw(gameTime);
    }
}

What should i do? What am i missing?
Thanks in advance :)

A: The collision test is inside the Ball class. In it you are testing whether the ball collides with a private member of the class called gPaddle, NOT the one that your game uses and that you update and draw.
Replace
GreenPaddle gPaddle = new GreenPaddle();

with
GreenPaddle gPaddle;
...
public Ball(GreenPaddle paddle)
{
     this.gPaddle = paddle;
}

Also, don't use 2 booleans and a scalar to denote velocity. Use a Vector2. Your BallMovement method is wrong as well. You should reflect the ball upon intersection in the paddle which means to reverse its direction in BOTH x and y axes:
With 2 bools:
    if (ballRect.Intersects(gPaddle.gpRect))
     {
          movingLeft = !movingLeft
          movingTop = !movingTop;
     }

With a Vector2 as speed:
     if (ballRect.Intersects(gPaddle.gpRect))
     {
          velocity = -velocity;
     }

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Dental Crowns & Bridges Arlington TX | Daniel C. Bush, D.D.S.
Crowns and Bridges are used to restore and enhance teeth that are damaged, or to take the place of missing teeth when a implant is not elected. A crown, also referred to as a cap, is used to entirely cover a damaged tooth. A crown not only strengthens a tooth, but it can dramatically improve a tooth's appearance, shape and alignment.
A bridge is a good method to fill the space created by missing teeth. A bridge is one or more artificial teeth that are cemented into place using the teeth on either side for support, hence the name. This is an option for filling the space created by a missing tooth. A bridge replaces the missing tooth, both functionally and cosmetically. Bridge work is as much an art as it is an exact science. The materials used may be gold alloys, porcelain bonded to metal alloy, or all ceramic material made to match your natural tooth color. The choice of material depends on requirements for strength, wear, and/or esthetics.
It is important that a missing tooth be replaced as soon as possible for several reasons. If not treated the teeth surrounding the gap begin to shift inward. Since teeth use their neighbors for support, if one is missing they begin to "fall" and shift into the open spaces. This may worsen the bite due to changes in pressure and can eventually result in problems with the jaw such as TMJ.
Crowns and bridges are made by taking a digital scan of your mouth/tooth after Dr. Bush has prepared the area. This new technology replaces the old impression techniques, and is actually more accurate, as well as more comfortable. The scan is then sent to a dental lab where your crown or bridge will be custom made to fit your mouth. A temporary crown or bridge will be placed into your mouth until your permanent crown or bridge is made. When the permanent crown or bridge is ready, it will be cemented into place.
Crowns and bridges are very durable and can last a lifetime with extra care and by practicing good oral hygiene and regular visits to see your dentist. We have seen many cases in our office of documented crowns lasting over 60 years. Special attention is needed in flossing underneath your bridge, sp we will teach you how to do this and give you a special floss threader to be used.


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text:
Q: Getting wrong parameter count for Google NASNet-A neural net I'm trying to understand the NASNet-A architecture in detail, but can't match the parameter counts in the paper.
For example, the paper says CIFAR-10 NASNet-A "6 @ 768" model has 3.3M params, but by my calculations a single "sep 5x5" primitive in the final cell should alone have 2.9M params… which can't be right!
Here's how I derive this count…
The "6 @ 768" notation means the "number of filters in the penultimate layer of the network" is 768, which I assume means the number of filters in each of the primitive operations in the cell is 768, and therefore the output depth of the concat operation (with 5 block inputs) is 5 * 768. Since shape is only changed by reduction cells, the input to the final cell (concat output from prior normal cell) will also be of depth 5 * 768.
So for a 5x5 separable convolution with 5 * 768 input channels and 768 output channels, the number of parameters is:
5x5x1 * (5 * 768)  = 96,00 params for the 5x5 depthwise filters, plus
1x1x(5 * 768) x 768 = 2,949,128 params for the 1x1 pointwise filters
Where am I going wrong?!

A: The amount of output channels from each operation of cell's block is according to the defined num_conv_filters. In example for CIFAR NASNet-A is 32, and it doubles after each Reduction Cell.
Although they mention they have B=5 blocks and no residual connection it seems they have 6 concatenated chunks of filters, the last seem to come from the previous layer.
See: https://github.com/tensorflow/models/blob/d07447a3e34bc66acd9ba7267437ebe9d15b45c0/research/slim/nets/nasnet/nasnet_utils.py#L309
This is why for example you have 192 feature depth in the first cell:
6*32=192.
You can take a look on the expected depths here:
https://github.com/tensorflow/models/blob/d07447a3e34bc66acd9ba7267437ebe9d15b45c0/research/slim/nets/nasnet/nasnet_test.py#L127
So for example, for the last 5x5 separable convolution you can get:
5x5*768 + 768*128 = 117504 parametes
For more info about the separable convolution:
http://forums.fast.ai/t/how-depthwise-separable-convolutions-work/4249


This paper from Ian Johnstone and RSPB colleagues, in the BTO journal Bird Study, provides some interesting evidence as to how the distribution of breeding Curlew in Mynydd Hiraethog (North Wales) relates to habitat. Amongst other things, they conclude that the amount of sheep grazing is critical to the future recovery of the species in this area.
Internationally, the Eurasian Curlew is designated as near-threatened because of the rapid declines in numbers across the species' range. Irish conservationists are worried that the species may soon disappear as a breeding species and Welsh birds may not be many years behind, if the current population trajectory continues. For more background see this WaderTales blog: Is the Curlew really near-threatened?
While conservation measures such as 'habitat improvement' and 'predator control' are already being used in specific recovery projects it is still important for scientists to use current evidence to tease apart the factors that may be affecting the distribution and breeding success of Curlews. An earlier WaderTales blog, summarising a paper by Sam Franks and colleagues from BTO and RSPB, concludes that habitat changes and predator impacts have combined to cause declines and lists some of the specific factors involved. Across Great Britain, they found that semi-natural grasslands support the highest densities of Curlew and population declines were highest in areas with more crows and foxes. See this WaderTales blog: Curlews can't wait for a treatment plan.
Mynnydd Hiraethog is a discrete 150 km2 upland block of high grass and heather moorland with adjacent lower, enclosed and largely agriculturally improved farmland. The area is managed for livestock farming and forestry and nearly half of the moorland was designated as a Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) in 1989 because of the importance of its upland habitats for birds. The mountains of North Wales have long been grazed by sheep, with peak densities occurring in the Hiraethog region in about 1999. Agreements with farmers have reduced stocking levels, in order to enable overgrazed habitats to recover.
This study focuses upon the relationship between habitat variables and Curlew numbers in a landscape containing agriculturally improved farmland and moorland that was partly protected and subject to grazing reductions for nature conservation. Thirty, random 1 km squares, stratified by historical population trend, were surveyed for Curlew density and nesting-success. Habitat-related and predation-related variables such as ground cover, plant communities and crow numbers were collected to test for associations between Curlew distributions and environmental variables.
Curlew numbers in the study area declined by 29% between 1994 and 2008, which is much lower than the decline of 46% across the whole of Wales in the same period (Breeding Bird Survey). By studying a mix of squares in which Curlew numbers had increased, remained stable and declined, the researchers were able to maximise the power of the tests. As expected from previous studies, densities in the moorland edge were higher than in improved farmland (there's plenty of detail in the paper). There were fewer Curlews in areas with higher vegetation density, with 78% of pairs in survey squares with below-average ground cover. In dense cover, prey may be harder to detect and access.
By focusing on key plant species that are associated with particular habitat types, the team were able to identify links with Curlew abundance and nesting success. As predicted, they found that breeding abundance was positively related to the presence of mat-grass Nardus stricta, which grows as tussocks and is associated with rough grazing. Nesting success was higher in areas with more cover of deer-grass Trichophorum germanicum, a sedge that is found in bogs and on wet moorland. Blanket mires are known to support populations of surface invertebrates, which are particularly important to chicks.
Woodland may provide look-out perches and nesting habitat for avian predators and den-sites for foxes and other studies have shown that waders are less numerous close to woodland, either because of a direct predation effects or because waders avoid areas of perceived danger (as discussed in this WaderTales Blog – Mastering Lapwing Conservation). There was only weak evidence of reduced Curlew abundance in areas with more woodland in the Hiraethog area. Fox and crow control takes place across the whole area (for livestock protection) so there was insufficient variation to look at any effects that predator numbers may have on distribution or breeding success.
On Hiraethog, much of the rough grazing, characterised by Nardus stricta, and mire, characterised by Tricophorum germanicum, is contained within the SSSI, and the RSPB authors affirm that these habitats should continue to receive protection from developments such as agricultural intensification and tree planting.
Curlews preferentially occupy locations within the moorland/farmland edge. Historically there has been concern over impacts on upland breeding waders of high sheep grazing pressure but more recently worries have been expressed over under-grazing of some upland habitats in Wales. In Hiraethog, the fact that fewer breeding Curlews were found in areas of dense vegetation is consistent with under-grazing having potentially contributed to a decline in habitat suitability.
There was a 46% drop in sheep numbers in Hiraethog between 1995 and 2009, according to figures from Natural Resources Wales, in order that priority habitats would recover from historical overgrazing. This reduction in grazing pressure has probably resulted in increased vegetation density and reduced sward suitability for Curlew. Vegetation density was higher inside the SSSI than in comparable habitats outside, particularly for habitats preferred by Curlew such as heath and rough grazing.
The authors recommend that management of the SSSI for Curlew should include increases in livestock grazing of appropriate type and intensity. These should be targeted at rough grazing and mire, in areas that have a history of Curlew occupation and that have high current vegetation density. It is hoped that modest and localised increases in grazing pressure can reduce vegetation density without negatively impacting on protected habitats. If successful, and implemented in an experimental manner, then similar treatments may well be trialled elsewhere.