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bodyoftheory
Jonathan Hale on architecture, technology and the body
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Making Sense in the Mid-Lands
Posted by bodyoftheory ⋅ March 13, 2012 ⋅ Leave a comment
Filed Under Architecture, body, David Leatherbarrow, James J. Gibson, Martin Heidegger, Maurice Merleau-Ponty, neuroscience, Phenomenology, Pierre Bourdieu, technology
In a recent lecture at the University of Nottingham, David Leatherbarrow (University of Pennsylvania) set out what might be called – in an echo of his Philadelphia neighbours Robert Venturi and Denise Scott-Brown – a 'gentle manifesto' for a not-too-complex-but-just-a-little-bit-contradictory approach to contemporary design. [1]
In a typically precise and measured delivery, and in language of exemplary clarity, Leatherbarrow set out to identify a productive middle-ground between what he sees as the currently fashionable extremes of 'sense and non-sense' in contemporary architecture. In a more direct reference to the philosopher Maurice Merleau-Ponty the paper began by suggesting that non-sense should not be seen as something to be avoided, per se, but rather as a stage that must be passed through both in design and everyday experience: a necessary condition of the 'beginning of meaning', rather like the body's pre-reflective 'grip' on the world that forms the basis of our subsequent attempts to understand it intellectually.
On one side of the equation Leatherbarrow pointed to three design approaches that suffered from an excess of rationality, showing examples of buildings that seemed to have been slavishly determined by either technical, historical or environmental factors. These included: Norman Foster's Sainsbury Centre – a 'highly serviced barn'; a Sicilian town destroyed by an earthquake and reconstructed stone-by-stone; and a ponderous piece of 'green architecture' which seemed to offer little except free energy. All of these approaches he claimed were guilty of neglecting broader cultural concerns. That is, where the rationality of the particular system (whether constructional or conceptual) appeared to override the rationality of the larger human project.
On the other side, and perhaps more surprisingly, Leatherbarrow took aim at some currently fashionable design preoccupations, again under three headings but this time more aesthetically oriented. The first was the 'expressionist' approach of Frank Gehry's so-called iconic architecture, embodying a radical dislocation of space, structure and skin; the second was the minimalism of an Ando or a Pawson; and the third was the 'sensualism' of Diller and Scofidio's Blur Building. In each case the question was posed as to whether the private enjoyment of the designer had closed off any meaningful engagement with a wider public.
In an attempt to find a middle-way between the 'too clear' and the 'not clear enough', Leatherbarrow then took us on a brief but thoughtful tour of the Norwegian architect Sverre Fehn's Hedmark Museum. Remarking on the sensitivity of the architect's combination of new-build and restoration, Leatherbarrow delighted in the way the visitor's journey was choreographed through the museum, providing a subtle narrative of unfolding experiences through a succession of walkways, ramps and bridges. This is a project that I once heard Peter Cook approvingly describe as a classic example of a 'delving' building, interrupting his lecture to mimic the route of the main walkway by leaping sideways across the stage. What it brought to mind here was another aspect of sensory experience that David Leatherbarrow did not develop in any detail, one which lies somewhere in that other middle-ground in architecture between the macro and the micro scales. In the space between the 'iconic' flourishes of Gehry's napkin-sketch formalism and Carlo Scarpa's often indigestibly forensic detailing there is a level of thinking that architects are notoriously reluctant (or ill-equipped) to explore – the ergonomic scale of everyday interaction between buildings and the bodies of their users. Ironically this is an area that is often left for other 'experts' to deal with, whether via the pseudo-scientific strictures of the New Metric Handbook or the prosaic pie-graphs of 'post-occupancy evaluation'. But here, I would argue, is where architecture really begins to make sense, in the realm of what the psychologist James J. Gibson referred to as the 'affordances' offered by it. [2]
As Gibson – along with Merleau-Ponty and Heidegger before him – described, we navigate through the world as a structured field of possibilities for action, within a framework of motor-perceptual expectations based on our previous bodily experiences. This ability is based on the range of bodily skills that we begin to develop in the first few years of life, by a combination of imitation and trial-and-error, much as we learn to speak our native language. As we continually refine these 'bodily schemas' through the course of our everyday dealings with the world, we are constantly striving to match our behaviour to what seems to be 'called up' by our situation. As the sociologist Pierre Bourdieu has described in the concept of the habitus, the body is therefore able to act as the mediator of physical, social and cultural forces, which all become 'encoded' in patterns of behaviour that constitute a repertoire of responses to the world around us. [3]
A common criticism of phenomenology is that it appeared to want to return us to a time of a supposedly meaning-rich 'primal oneness', a time before our apparent alienation from the world brought about by the 'modern project'. By contrast, it could also be argued that phenomenology today, in all its contemporary manifestations, allows us to confront the process by which meaning itself arises, and to consider this emergence historically across three distinctly different timescales: firstly, the phylogenetic (relating to the origins of the human species, and drawing on evolutionary psychology, cognitive archaeology, systems theory and cybernetics) [4]; secondly, the ontogenetic (concerning the individual, and drawing on developmental psychology); and thirdly in the experience of 'the present moment' as we perceive the world unfolding around us (drawing on cognitive psychology and neuroscience, including the new techniques of brain-imaging). This last idea suggests that at each moment we effectively re-stage the historical emergence of meaning out of our embodied interaction with the world, and it is this process that phenomenological description attempts to help us grasp, as it "seek(s) a philosophy which explains the upsurge of reason in a world not of its making..". [5]
To return to the opening theme of the talk regarding the role of meaning in architecture, there was a final piece of advice that signalled a progressive and forward-looking message: wherever we try to situate ourselves as designers along the spectrum between sense and non-sense, we should at least be always aiming to 'expand the limits of what had previously seemed sensible'. [6]
[1] R. Venturi, Complexity and Contradiction in Architecture, New York: Museum of Modern Art, 1966.
[2] J. J. Gibson, "The Theory of Affordances", in The Ecological Approach to Visual Perception, Hillsdale NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 1986, pp. 127-143.
[3] P. Bourdieu, "Structures, Habitus, Practices", in The Logic of Practice, Cambridge: Polity Press, 1990, pp. 52-65.
[4] See, for example: E. Thompson, Mind in Life: Biology, Phenomenology and the Sciences of the Mind, Cambridge MA: Belknap Press, 2007.
[5] M. Merleau-Ponty, Sense and Non-Sense, trans. H. L. & P. A. Dreyfus, Evanston IL: Northwestern University Press, 1964, p. x.
[6] D. Leatherbarrow, "Sense and Non-Sense in Contemporary Architecture", lecture presented at Dept of Architecture & Built Environment, University of Nottingham, 6 March 2012 (sponsored by T&G).
About bodyoftheory
Jonathan Hale is an architect and Professor of Architectural Theory at the Department of Architecture and Built Environment, University of Nottingham. Currently Head of the research group Architecture, Culture and Tectonics, within the Faculty of Engineering. Research interests include: architectural theory and criticism; phenomenology; the philosophy of technology; the relationship between architecture and the body; museums, exhibitions and digital technologies. Author of numerous articles and books and co-editor of Rethinking Technology: a Reader in Architectural Theory (Routledge, 2007). Founding Chair of the international subject group: Architectural Humanities Research Association (AHRA): http://www.ahra-architecture.org
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MACLEOD, S, AUSTIN, T, HALE, J and HO, O, eds., The Future of Museum and Gallery Design: Purpose Process Perception. Abingdon: Routledge 2018.
HALE, J., "Buildings as Objects and Buildings as 'Tool-Beings'," in BEDFORD, J., ed., Is There an Object-Oriented Architecture: Engaging Graham Harman, London: Bloomsbury Academic, 2020.
Rethinking Technology K14RTA


A ladder is a type of competition where players are assigned a rank by the order which they signed up the goal is to get as high in the rankings as possible by challanging the higher ranked players to a one on one match. When the lower ranked player wins the two players change exchange ranks. Hence on climbs the ladder.


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RISING STARS GATHER HERE.
Home » Camps » Summer Camps » Above and Beyond
Above and Beyond is PARI's signature camping experience designed to immerse high school students in the world of space science and research while building confidence and critical thinking skills.
Originally developed in partnership with Duke University and refined for nearly two decades, this space camp explores the universe through astronomy, physics, and astrobiology, while also providing time for adventure and fun.
The process followed by scientists and researchers who've made space science their career is modeled to show how new discoveries are made about the universe. Campers are provided the tools and guided through the process by professionals who have made space their life's work.
From determining the expansion speed of a super-nova remnant, to characterizing an exo-planet or finding evidence of dark matter; your data will real and your conclusions will add humanity's knowledge of the universe!
Learn more about the camp and curriculum.
Dates & Pricing
Two week session
July 3, 2021 – July 15, 2021
$50 registration fee
Payment plans available.
Scholarships may be available for families with financial need.
For Rising
9th-12th Graders
With world class telescopes and archives at your fingertips, a team to collaborate with, and mentors to guide you, what will you study?
The expanding remnants of super novae from long ago?
Volcanos, rings, and moons in our own solar system? 🪐
The structure of a distant nebula?
Measure the speed of the arms of our home galaxy?
Camp Description
Campers are given the knowledge and tools required to conduct an investigation into a celestial object and draw conclusions from their findings. Work is done in teams and models the process used by researchers to produce publishable work.
Campers will also investigate current astrobiological research on life in space, human or otherwise, giving campers a chance to show their individual work.
The work they produce will be shared in the same ways commonly used at space science conferences, events, and publications.
Guest speakers share their experiences working in space science and their paths to a career in the future of exploration and discovery.
Campers will use radio telescopes, optical telescopes, and data archives to gain the information they need to study their chosen celestial objects. They may even build an instrument themselves.
PARI's emphasis on community and teamwork enables campers to establish friendships that last a lifetime. Many campers from this program return as interns and counselors.
Campers will participate in fun and engaging recreational activities built to encourage social comradery and confidence while exploring the spectacular Pisgah Forest and Blue Ridge Mountain region.
Surrounded by natural beauty in a forest perfect for adventure
PARI embraces our unique location with plenty of time outside of the classroom too.
Field Trips & Activities
Hike in the Blue Ridge Mountains and the Pisgah National Forest to take in amazing views.
Visit dramatic cascades in PARI's home in The Land of Waterfalls, then go swimming nearby.
Take a tubing adventure down the river with our friends at Headwaters Outfitters.
Take a break with the best ice cream around at one of our favorite ice cream shops.
Toast marshmallows, make s'mores, tell stories, listen to music, and be dazzled by the atmosphere around our giant camp fire.
Compete in challenges to build the most powerful rocket or a lander that can withstand whatever it's thrown at.
Design spacey t-shirts.
Search for the answers hidden around you in our camp long scavenger hunt.
Unwind in the rec room with board games, puzzles, pool-table, ping-pong, foosball, and air-hockey, or kick back and relax.
Master our signature game, PARI Ball
You find a star with a brightness that fluctuates and varies. What could cause this behavior? Will you uncover its secret?
It is surrounded by exoplanets that block its light as they orbit.
It is a "standard candle" shining as a guidepost and revealing the distance its surrounding region.
It is nearing death, sure to explode and destroy us all! 💥
Learn and apply fundamental concepts of astrophysics and astrobiology.
Learn to use radio telescopes and antennas and work with the data they collect
Learn to use optical telescopes located both at PARI and at sites around the world.
Create a research plan and share their progress.
Analyze data and compare with expectations and the work done by other scientists.
Formulate conclusions using scientific data.
Strengthen problem solving skills.
Sharpen presentation skills through the delivery of scientific findings to an audience of peers and professionals.
Develop teamwork skills by collaborating with others while attempting to solve complex problems.
*(It is highly recommended that campers have competence in Algebra prior to attending Above and Beyond.)
Register for Above and Beyond Space Camp
early registration is open

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Home > Oilers Talk > Nation Takes > 2018 > 09/01 > The Pending UFAs
Photo Credit: Anne-Marie Sorvin-USA TODAY Sports
The Pending UFAs
September 1, 2018, 7:00 AM | Tyler Yaremchuk
As we all eagerly await the end of this current off-season and the return of NHL hockey, I decided to take a look ahead to next summer and what's in store for the Edmonton Oilers. Earlier this week, I looked at the pending RFAs that Peter Chiarelli will have to take care of and today I'll be looking at the players who are scheduled to hit unrestricted free agency on July 1st, 2019.
Dec 21, 2017; Edmonton, Alberta, CAN; Edmonton Oilers goaltender Cam Talbot (33) makes a save on St. Louis Blues forward Scottie Upshall (9) during the second period at Rogers Place. Mandatory Credit: Perry Nelson-USA TODAY Sports
It's obvious that Talbot is the most important UFA that the Oilers will have to deal with and his play this year will go a long way in not only dictating what his next contract will look like but also where he'll play in 2019-20.
If Talbot plays like he did in 2016-17, and the Oilers make the playoffs, then I wouldn't be surprised if they agreed on a long-term deal. To get an idea of what a deal could look like, I dug around and found what other 30+ year old #1 goalies have gotten.
In 2013, the Arizona Coyotes signed a 31-year-old Mike Smith to a six-year deal worth $5.66 million per year.
In 2014, the Vancouver Canucks signed a 33-year-old Ryan Miller to a three-year deal worth $6.0 million per year.
In 2017, the Dallas Stars signed a 30-year-old Ben Bishop to a six-year deal worth $4.9 million per year.
If Talbot has a good year, I could his see him wanting a long-term deal and if he does, I think an AAV $4.9 million is fair. He's a little bit older than Ben Bishop and hasn't had as much success as him either, but the cap has gone up since 2017, so I think the Bishop deal is a good comparable. A six-year contract would bring Talbot to his 38-year old season, which isn't ideal either.
If the team really wants a short-term deal, I think a three-year deal worth around $6.0 million a year.
One thing that might hurt his ability to make money is the fact that next years UFA goalie market appears loaded. Sergei Bobrovsky, Pekka Rinne, Semyon Varlamov, Jimmy Howard, and Mike Smith could all hit the open market.
Also, what if Talbot doesn't bounce back? I wonder if a combination of Talbot having a bad year, the Oilers missing the playoffs, their cap situation, and the fact there are plenty of options on the UFA market might lead to the Oilers letting him walk.
No matter which way you frame it, this is a massive year for the man who shoulders plenty of the responsibility when it comes to getting the Oilers back into the playoffs.
MIKKO KOSKINEN
My thoughts on the remaining UFA's will be much shorter simply because they aren't as important to the Oilers future success.
No matter which way this season goes, I think it's highly unlikely that Mikko Koskinen is playing here past this season. If he has a good season, which likely means he plays 30 games and posts some very strong individual numbers, then he'll honestly be looking to go somewhere he can compete for a #1 job.
If he has a bad year, or even an average year, it will be clear that he isn't worth $2.5 million the Oilers gave him and he'll likely go back to making good money overseas, where he's been dominant.
The only way I can see him being back in Edmonton is if there is a combination of him having a sensational year and Talbot either getting hurt or completely falling apart. If that happens, then the Oilers might explore a 1A/1B type situation next year.
That would likely involve them keeping Koskinen, letting Talbot walk, and adding another unproven goalie with starter potential in free agent. Guys like Jonas Korpisalo, Casey DeSmith, and Calvin Pickard come to mind.
JAKUB JERABEK
The Oilers inked him to one-year $1.0 million deal not even two weeks ago, so it feels a little weird speculating what might happen next summer.
I'm not super familiar with Jerabek's game, the only time I've watched him was during this past season's playoffs where he played two games, so I tried to dig up some scouting reports. What I got from the few sources I visited was that he moves the puck well up the ice, has some offensive upside and while he can struggle in his own end, he plays an intense game.
I think Jerabek could be a guy that really surprises this year, and as long as he holds his own at even strength I expect he'll find a way to stay in the lineup.
Jerabek has the opportunity to take the chance that the Oilers are giving him and turn it into a good run with the team.
KEVIN GRAVEL
Chris Kelly of the Ottawa Senators is hit from behind by Kevin Gravel of the Los Angeles Kings during first period of NHL action at Canadian Tire Centre in Ottawa, November 11, 2016. Photo by Jean Levac ORG XMIT: 125302
If you would have asked me about Gravel a month ago, I would have said he was a lock to be the Oilers' seventh defenseman. I suspect that the Oilers starting six defensemen this year will be Oscar Klefbom, Adam Larsson, Darnell Nurse, Kris Russell, Matt Benning and then one of Jakub Jerabek, Ethan Bear, Evan Bouchard, or an outside option (Justin Faulk).
That means the competition for spot #7 will come down to Jason Garrison and Kevin Gravel. Jerabek might be in the mix for the 7th d-spot as well.
I'm not sure I love Gravel's chances of making this team, but there's no doubt this is a massive year for him when it comes to continuing his NHL career. He's going to be 27-years-old by the end of this season and has still only played 70 NHL games.
He got a one-year/one-way deal with the Oilers this summer and if he doesn't stick in the NHL for a whole season, I suspect this may be his final one-way deal.
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Year in Review: The Oilers have leaned heavily on Cam Talbot and he finally cracked
The Bounce: Cam Talbot
Sekera's Return Brings a Cap Crunch
Spydyr 11 months ago
Unless Talbot has a phenomenal year it is time to move on. Even if he does have an outstanding year any deal longer than two maybe three years will bite them in the a$$ just like the Lucic deal.
LAKID 11 months ago
Talbot is a backup and should be paid like one if he wants to stay as a backup.
If Talbot plays like last year that would be his best case scenario. I have said since the first day he arrived he needs someone to push him for the starters job. Unfortunately the "Oilers Braintrust did not concur. Then we had what we had last season.
Hatrack 11 months ago
It doesn't help him when you don't have a very good group of defencemen in front of you.
Kneedroptalbot 11 months ago
Talbot is part of the problem,
Koskinen is part of the solution.
AlexTheOilersFanSince2006 11 months ago
Wow…one bad season and ya'll turn on Talbot like a dime. Or did you all forget HE SET A FRANCHISE WINS RECORD a season ago!
Saywhat 11 months ago
One bad season?
Yeah the guys is already 31 years of age and playing his 3rd year as a starter and let's not forget how bad he was his first and last year as an Oilers.
Alex you are so dumb.
OilCan2 11 months ago
Let me get a drink first then think about NEXT summer. Thanks Stanley.
Serious Gord 11 months ago
A very short and – save Talbot – insignificant list if UFAs.
And as the Rfa situation is similar, chia has a window of cap and roster room to make a ton of changes NEXT season. And if the oil fail to make the playoffs THIS season it's almost certain that Chia won't be the GM.
So the worry here is that mess up next year's opportunities to save his job this season.
backup bob 11 months ago
Not much pressure on Talbot going into this new season.
Alexitoff 11 months ago
Talbot has not been re-signed because his 47th best save percentage..
is not good enough for any team to win consistently.
otter2233 11 months ago
Not sure where you got this stat from but according to nhl.com Talbot's .908 SV% last season had him in a 3 way tie for 28th among goalies that played in at least 30 games. Which still isn't nearly good enough. He was also in a tie for 4th most shots faced and hadn't posted a SV% below .917 in his career before last season. I'm not ready to write him off quite yet…
I stand corrected, NHL Goaltenders minimum 10 games played (17-18 regular season).
Cam Talbot 46th best SV%.
Good grief… If you think 10 games played is a more fair sample size than 30 fine but you're still wrong, he's tied for 41st… 😉
Regardless of the actual rank, I think we both agree it's not nearly good enough. My bigger point was I think Talbot has a good chance to bounce back based on previous seasons.
Cam Talbot's GAA (2017-2018) regular season min 10 games played……? Dare to Guess?
49th best GAA
That's BRUTAL, there are only 31 teams in the league.
Beer_League_Ringer 11 months ago
Am I the only one that thinks Dustin S. (goaltending coach) should've been fired? All of Talbot's poor play last year boiled down to poor anticipation/bad reads, and crap positioning (down early/making himself small). These things are easy to correct in practice.
A new goaltending coach would do wonders for the Oilers.
Look what Seaun Burke did in Phoenix/Arizona for Dubnyk, Mike Smith, and Brygalov.
IRONman 11 months ago
The add on players in summer 2018 looks weak. Sad but true. 33,77,25 need to be huge.
Talbot is all washed up. Face it at 31 years old he had one good season as a starter and thats all. I hope he has a bad year. Chiarelli will be dumb enough to sign his for $39million for 6 more years.
Oilers are just a garbage team that's to Chiarelli. And like how MacT had to hit rock bottom by killing some woman under the influence the Oilers will hit rock bottom and never recover. Just an absolute disgrace to professional sports.
huey 11 months ago
Saywhat – your comment, I think, crosses the line. Craig M's accident and that woman's family are not appropriate ways to compare how you feel about the Oilers. Smarten up.
Moneyball 11 months ago
Pretty dark stuff. Why waste your time posting it?
Violentgent13 11 months ago
I'd expect a comment like that on Facebook, not on here. Sort yourself out.
Yeah that McDavid signing at 12.5 mil really screws up the cap.
By Tyler Yaremchuk


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Freedom Oil & Gas Presentation Now Available for On-Demand Viewing
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Versatile two-story home perfect for a growing family with flex space and an optional 5th bedroom. Master suite is upstairs close to secondary bedrooms. Open family and kitchen area ideal for entertaining.


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What is BIG?
The Newsletter is published bimonthly and distributed via email. Subscriptions are free.
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USBIG Newsletter VOL. 6, NO. 34, July - August 2005
This is the Newsletter of the USBIG Network (http://www.usbig.net), which promotes the discussion of the basic income guarantee (BIG) in the United States--a policy that would unconditionally guarantee a subsistence-level income for everyone. If you would like to be added to or removed from this list please email: Karl@Widerquist.com.
Jay Hammond, Father of the Alaskan Basic Income, Dies at 83
The Fifth USBIG Congress, Deadline for Proposals, Oct. 29
Canadian Research Project on Guaranteed Livable Income gets funding
Israeli Government Proposes a Plan Called "Negative Income Tax"
Heated Exchanges on Basic Income in Spanish National Press
Renewed Attention to Basic Income in Belgium
Greens of Guernsey (Channel Islands, UK) Endorse BIG
Links and Other Info
1. Jay Hammond, Father of the Alaskan Basic Income, Dies at 83
Jay Hammond, the governor of Alaska from 1975 to 1982, who led the fight to create the Alaska Permanent Fund, was found dead at his Homestead about 185 miles southwest of Anchorage, on Tuesday, August 2, 2005. He led an amazing life. Hammond was a laborer, a fur trapper (by dogsled), a World War II fighter pilot, an Alaskan bush pilot, a husband, a father of three, a wildlife biologist, a back woods guide, a hunter, a fisher with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and a homesteader. Hammond was one of the last people to take advantage of the Civil-War-ear U.S. law giving away land. Other than a requirement to build a house and farm the land for five years, it was given away free—no strings attached.
Hammond was also hero to everyone who believes that no one should be barred from the resources they need to meet their basic needs—no strings attached.
Hammond got the idea for a resource dividend when he was mayor of a small town of Bristol Bay, Alaska in the 1960s. He realized that salmon were being taken out of the area without necessarily helping the town's poor. He proposed a three percent tax on all fish caught in the area to be redistributed to all residents of the town. By an enormous stroke of luck, the man who had that idea (and saw it work in Bristol Bay) would be elected governor of Alaska just as the state was beginning construction of the Trans-Alaska oil pipeline. Oil companies stood to make billions of dollars, and of course, they argued that Alaskans would benefit through new job opportunities, but Hammond knew one way to make sure that every single Alaskan would benefit from the pipeline.
And so the Alaskan Permanent Fund was born. For the last 20 years every Alaskan has received income from state oil revenues. A portion of the state's taxes on Alaskan oil goes into an investment fund, which pays dividends from the interest on those investments—hence the permanent fund. Dividends vary, but they are usually more than $1,000 per year for every man, woman, and child living in the state.
The system is not perfect. Hammond told Tim Bradner, of the Anchorage Daily News, that his biggest regret was to let the legislature eliminate the state's income tax. Without the citizens' responsibility to pay taxes to support state services the fund will be vulnerable, and the legislature has been trying to raid the fund ever since. So far, the enormous popularity of the fund has protected it fairly well. Hammond also regretted that the fund was too small. Only one-eighth of the state's oil tax revenues goes into the fund. If half of oil tax revenues went into the fund, as Hammond envisioned, every Alaska family of four could expect to receive more than $16,000 this year. Hammond died campaigning to increase the size of the fund.
But the most important thing about the fund is that it exists. It's simple, it works, and everyone in the state benefits from it every year. How many elected officials can say they did that? According to Sean Butler in Dissent Magazine, Nobel Prize-winning economist Vernon Smith, called the Permanent Fund, "a model governments all over the world would be wise to copy." It is a pilot program for resource taxes and basic income plans all over the world. Economists have recommended the Alaska solution for resource-rich, poverty-ridden countries from Nigeria to Iraq. Just this summer the government of Azerbaijan sent a delegation to Alaska to study the Permanent Fund. You can't keep a good idea down.
Jay Hammond spoke at the 2004 USBIG Congress in Washington, DC. Here is how Butler describes the event: "The father of the Brazilian basic income, Senator Eduardo Suplicy, also presented at the USBIG conference last year. During his speech, he noticed Jay Hammond sitting in the front row, and, to warm applause from the assembled crowd, descended from the stage to shake his hand. The two basic income pioneers had at last met. Hammond and Suplicy make an odd couple. The Republican Hammond, with his Hemingway-like white beard and grizzly build, wears his far north ethos of self-reliance with pride. Suplicy, a founding member of the left-wing Brazilian Workers Party and a U.S.-trained economist, has the dignified appearance of an intellectual and professional politician. It's tropical socialism meets arctic capitalism; yet somehow, when the two come together over basic income, they get along."
I had the good fortune to attend that event and meet Governor Hammond. He was warm and engaging. He wasn't there to bask in the glory of people who admired his past achievements but to fight to keep improving the APF. He was a genuine hero.
An article on Hammond and basic income by Sean Butler, entitled, "Life, Liberty, and a Little Bit of Cash,' appeared in Dissent Magazine just a few weeks before he died.
There have been many good tributes to Hammond in the news and on the internet since his death. Here are just a few:
Frank Murkowski, current governor of Alaska, "Hammond's Legacy Will Stand Out," Alaska Daily News
Tim Bradner, "Hammond has passed; his ideas must live on," Alaska Daily News
Douglas Martin, "Governor of Alaska Who Paid Dividends," New York Times
2. The Fifth USBIG Congress, Deadline for Proposals, Oct. 29
CALL FOR PAPERS AND PRESENTATIONS
(please circulate)
The Fifth Congress of the U.S. Basic Income Guarantee Network:
Resources and Rights
Philadelphia, PA February 24-26, 2006
Featured speakers: Nicolaus Tideman and Heather Boushey
Organizers: Eri Noguchi, Michael Lewis, and Al Sheahen
The Fifth Congress of the U.S. Basic Income Guarantee Network will be held in conjunction with the Eastern Economic Association (EEA) Annual Conference in Philadelphia at the Loews Hotel 1200 Market Street Philadelphia, Friday February 24 to Sunday February 26, 2006. USBIG attendees are welcome to attend any of the hundreds of sessions at the EEA Conference. The Congress is co-sponsored by USBIG and the Citizen Policies Institute.
The USBIG network is a discussion group on the Basic Income Guarantee (BIG) in the United States—a policy that would unconditionally guarantee at least a subsistence-level income for everyone.
Featured speakers confirmed so far include Nicolaus Tideman, of Virginia Polytechnic Institute University, and Heather Boushey, of the Center for Economic and Policy Research. Tideman is a former Senior Staff Economist on the President's Council of Economic Advisers and is currently the chair of the economics department at Virginia Tech. He has published more than 75 articles in academic journals and collective volumes. His research focuses on voting rules, land value taxation, and economic justice. Boushey's research examines health insurance coverage, trends in the U.S. labor market, and how families balance work and child care needs. She is the coauthor of The State of Working American 2002-03 and Hardships in America: The Real Story of Working Families.
Scholars, activists, and others are invited to attend, to propose papers & presentations, and to organize panel discussions. Proposals are welcome on topics relating to the Basic Income Guarantee or to the current state of poverty and inequality. Suggested topics include the political economy of BIG; the history of BIG; gender, family, and labor market issues of BIG; rights and responsibilities relating to BIG; refundable tax credits as a path to BIG; and empirical issues of BIG and of poverty including cost estimates. The purpose of the conference is discussion, and all points of view are welcome. The USBIG Congress is entirely autonomous in content and submissions are welcome in any academic discipline and from non-academics.
The four previous USBIG Congresses have been attended by a wide range of academics and activists from the United States and many other countries. They have proven to be a good venue for dialogue between academics and activists. Papers from USBIG Congresses have been published in a symposium in the Review of Social Economy (January 2005), in a special issue in the Journal of Socio-Economics (January 2005), and in a book entitled the Economics and Ethics of the Basic Income Guarantee (Lewis, Pressman, and Widerquist eds. 2005). Many more papers from USBIG Congresses have been published in academic journals and popular magazines.
Proposals for presentations should include the following information:
Affiliation (if applicable), including job title and employer
Address including City, State, Zip Code (Postal Code), and Country
Title of the presentation
Abstract (summary of 50 to 150 words)
Proposals for panel discussions should include a title, topic, and description of the panel and the information above for each participant. If the participants are not presenting formal papers, the title of the paper and abstract may be omitted. Panels with formal paper presentations should be limited to four presentations, although discussions without formal papers can include more.
Presentations at this year's conference will be organized into two groups: Academic panels (including researchers in all disciplines) will be organized by Michael Anthony Lewis and Eri Noguchi. Nonacademic panels (including activists, practitioners, and laypersons) will be organized by Al Sheahen.
Academic proposals should be directed to Eri Noguchi at en16@columbia.edu.
Nonacademic proposals should be directed to Al Sheahen at alsheahen@prodigy.net.
If you are not sure which area your presentation best fits: You are not required to have any credentials to present in either area. Academic sessions can expect to have an audience made up mostly of people who have or are working on Ph.D.s while nonacademic presentations can expect to have a more mixed audience made up of fewer professors and more activists and lay persons. If you're still not sure, ask the organizers.
EVERYONE WHO ATTENDS MUST REGISTER WITH THE EEA. Indicate on your registration form that you will be attending the USBIG conference and you can register at the members' price ($45 in advance and $60 on site) without paying the EEA membership fee (saving more than half of the total cost). EEA regration information here. Information about registration will be on the USBIG website soon. For more information see the USBIG website (http://www.usbig.net) or contact the conference organizers (Michael Anthony Lewis and Eri Noguchi at en16@columbia.edu, and Al Sheahen at alsheahen@prodigy.net).
Fifth USBIG Congress Main Page
3. Canadian Research Project on Guaranteed Livable Income gets funding
According to the Livable Income For Everyone (LIFE) email update, the Status of Women Action Group (SWAG) in Victoria, British Columbia has just received federal funding for an 18-month project to examine how women would benefit from a Guaranteed Livable Income. Funding comes from Status of Women Canada. SWAG's website reports, "The project will include 40 in-depth interviews with low-income women, several focus groups, a public meeting in April 2006 and the distribution of multi-media material."
More details about the project can be found on the web at http://pacificcoast.net/~swag/swcproject05.htm.
4. Israeli Government Proposes a Plan Called "Negative Income Tax"
According to Globes Online, Prime Minister Ariel Sharon has instructed the Ministry of Finance to formulate a "negative income tax" (NIT) plan to go into effect in 18 months. Reporter Zeev Klein wrote, "Sharon also categorically told Ministry of Finance officials that a negative income tax would be introduced in Israel, and ordered them to prepare for it." If it sounds too good to be true, the proposed Israeli NIT is actually more like an American-style Earned Income Tax Credit than a guaranteed income. It is a negative tax in the sense the government pays citizens instead of citizens paying the government, but it is not a NIT understood as a system designed to prevent anyone's income from falling below a certain threshold as the term is usually understood in the United States. Details of the plan will become clearer after a cabinet meeting set for September to discuss how to implement the plan, but it has been announced so far that the proposal is designed to bring salaries of certain workers up to some threshold. It is being proposed as a business-friendly alternative to an increase in the minimum wage. The proposal is not generally seen as a move toward greater concern for the poor following a recent report on an increase in poverty. Ruth Sinai, writes for Haaretz.com, "In its burst of benevolence, the cabinet, in that same budget meeting, approved an additional cutback in child allowances and guaranteed income allowance for those aged 25 and under…Sharon authorized cutbacks in education, health, welfare allowances, rent subsidies, monitoring the enforcement of labor laws and vocational training."
For further information see http://www.globes.co.il/, and http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/612103.html.
5. Heated Exchanges on Basic Income in Spanish National Press
BIEN reports, on June 15, 2005, the Spanish economic daily newspaper Expansión devoted its cover article as well as its editorial and three or four additional pages to the idea of a basic income or citizen's income. This coincided with the bill presented by ERC (a pro-independence, leftist and republican party) and ICV (an eco-socialist and leftist organization), both in the tripartite Government of Catalonia, proposing the implementation of a basic income for all citizens in Spain. Most of the articles trumpeted the evils that, like biblical plagues, would descend on the country if BI were to be introduced: "irrationality", "food for indolence", "shock to the basic structures of the country", failure of the "culture of effort and personal improvement", "perversion of any idea of justice", "capital mistakes", "new religious faith", "freedom-killing proposal". Some of the Expansión columnists had previously written against basic income. In its Revista de Libros (Issue 50, 2001), for instance, one of them predicted that "no political party ... has contemplated proposing this subsidy, not even as a long term objective". Yet, not just one but the three political parties forming the majority in the Spanish and Catalan parliaments have already initiated serious study as a prelude to the legal process of introducing BI.
On June 20, 2005, Expansión published a much shortened version of a reply by Daniel Raventós, Professor at the University of Barcelona and chairman of the Spanish BIG Network. In his reply, entitled "A Defense of the Basic Income of Citizenship", Raventós first stresses that most objections to BI appearing in the pages of Expansión were actually formulated more than two decades ago. Subsequently, he tries to tackle some of the most common of these objections, including the idea that "people would not work with a BI". He also addresses the economic aspects of the discussion, referring to more detailed studies by R. Pinilla; and by J. Arcarons, À. Boso, J. A. Noguera and D. Raventós. "Are these definitive studies?" Raventós asks at the end of his article. "They are certainly not, but they do show that the best remedy against prejudice is detailed and meticulous empirical analysis".
For further information, see Expansión's website at http://www.expansiondirecto.com/
The full version of Raventos' reply can be found at http://www.nodo50.org/redrentabasica/index.php
6. Renewed Attention to Basic Income in Belgium
BIEN reports, on the occasion of the publication of "L'allocation universelle", an introductory book on basic income by Philippe Van Parijs and Yannick Vanderborght (see NewsFlash 32), the Belgian media seem to be paying renewed attention to the idea, at least in the French-speaking part of the country. On Sunday June 12, 2005, both authors were invited to talk for one hour about basic income in a live broadcast of the public radio RTBF. On June 22, 2005, one of the main Francophone daily newspapers, "La Libre Belgique", published a double-page debate on the topic. Van Parijs and Vanderborght restated some of the arguments presented in their essay, and tried to show their relevance in the Belgian context. Three intellectuals were asked to give their opinion on the feasibility and desirability of the proposal. Claudine Leleux (University of Brussels) argued in favour of basic income and explained why she feels most attracted by a version of the idea defended by Jean-Marc Ferry, a French but Brussels-based philosopher. The two others were much more skeptical. Jean-Marie Harribey (University of Bordeaux IV and member of the Scientific Council of ATTAC) criticized the idea of disconnecting work and income, arguing that the left should rather go for full employment. Paul Palsterman (scientific council of Belgium's main trade-union CSC-ACV) argued that basic income proponents were too skeptical about the remaining possibilities of collective action in the field of welfare. Finally, on July 9, 2005, the picture of the front cover of the popular weekly "Télé Moustique" featured a typical manager in his three-piece suit, lounging on the beach. It ran as a title: "Tomorrow, paid to do nothing?" While in a long piece a journalist presented the basic income idea and the international debate, including a reference to the Alaskan Permanent Fund Dividend, in a short interview unionist Paul Palsterman restated again some of his main objections. "The BI proponents", he said, "might be good science-fiction authors, but they are bad philosophers."
7. Greens of Guernsey (Channel Islands, UK) Endorse BIG
A small group of activists, called the "Friends of the Earth Guernsey", has published a statement advocating the introduction of a basic income on the island. Guernsey is a semi-autonomous Island with 60,000 inhabitants, that is closer to France than England. BIEN reports that the Friends of the Earth argue a full basic income cannot be implemented in the short term, but that the principle should be applied on a smaller scale, for instance by recycling some eco-taxes as eco-bonuses, at least to recognize "every member of the community's equal share of the island's ecological space". Referring to the Irish Green Paper on basic income (2002), they present some key figures and try to estimate the total cost of such a scheme.
For further information, see http://www.foeg.org.uk/etr.htm
8. Recent Events
ERFURT (DE), 21-24 July 2005: German Social Forum.
BIEN reports, in recent years, "social fora" have been held in various countries as popular alternatives to Davos' World Economic Forum. Basic income has often been one of the topics of discussion. This has been the case again in Erfurt on Friday 22 July 2005, during the German social forum. The German BIG network organized one day of debate with social scientists, representatives of trade-unions, and political actors, and presented basic income as an alternative to current welfare reforms in Germany.
For further information, please contact Robert Ulmer (Robert.Ulmer@gmx.de).
9. Upcoming Events
Vienna, Austria: Basic Income Congress
October 7-9, 2005: BIEN reports, in collaboration with the German BIG network, and the German and Austrian sections of ATTAC, the Austrian BIG network is organizing an international conference on basic income in the Austrian capital Vienna. Plenary speakers will include, among others, Brazilian senator and co-chair of BIEN Eduardo Suplicy and Philippe Van Parijs (Louvain & Harvard). Workshops (in German) will offer the possibility of discussing most aspects of the basic income debate.
For further information, please visit http://www.grundeinkommen2005.org/ or contact Margit Appel at "margit.appel@ksoe.at"
Vancouver, BC, Canada: Policy Conference includes BIG panel
October 13-15, 2005: According to the LIFE Update, the conference Imagining Public Policy to Meet Women's Economic Security Needs will include a panel on "Basic Income, a new approach to economic security." Participants will be Jim Mulvale (University of Regina), Cindy L'Hirondelle (Victoria Status of Women Action Group and Livable Income For Everyone), and Diane Delaney (Provincial Association for Transition Houses and Services of Saskatchewan).
For details: http://www.sfu.ca/espconference2005/prelimprogram.htm
Valencia, Spain: Fifth Symposium on Basic Income
October 20-21, 2005: BIEN reports, the Spanish Basic Income Network (Red Renta Básica) is organizing the Fifth Symposium on Basic Income in Valencia on 20-21 October 2005. The First Symposium was organized by the network in June 2001, and the event has been held annually since then. The language of the symposium is Spanish.
All specifications and rules for applying to the 12,000-euro grant offered by Red Renta Básica are available at www.redrentabasica.org and www.uv.es/rentabasica.
10. New Publications
"Life, Liberty and a Little Bit of Cash"
Sean Butler, Dissent Magazine, Summer 2005
Published just weeks before Hammond's death, this article celebrates his life and traces the history of basic income from ancient Greece to modern America, and includes a report on Hammond's appearance at the 2004 USBIG Congress.
Direct link to full text of the article: http://www.dissentmagazine.org/menutest/articles/su05/butler.htm
Promoting Income Security as a Right: Europe and North America
Guy Standing (ed.), London: Anthem Press, 2005.
BIEN reports, the publication of this volume was already announced in NewsFlash 28 (July 2004), but due to printing errors that required the publishers to pulp the first print run, it has just come out again. It consists of a broad selection of the papers presented during BIEN's Ninth International Congress (Geneva, 2002). Never before have so many contributions to a BIEN congress been published together. With no less than 34 chapters, the book offers a comprehensive picture of the many topics discussed at both the plenary and parallel sessions as they relate to the more developed countries.
"No income, no access: The local outcome of basic income"
Thomas Widlok, The Namibian, Friday, August 5, 2005
The author argues that universal basic income is a solution to the problem, common to developing countries (and not unheard of in America), in which people are excluded from accessing benefits that are, in principle, meant to be for them. Widlok is an anthropological researcher at the University of Heidelberg in Germany who has done a total of more than three years of field research in Namibia between 1990 and 2005. He is author of the book Living on Mangetti (Oxford University Press 1999).
Direct link to full text of the article: http://www.namibian.com.na/2005/August/columns/05CBCBC803.html
WTMR, Camden interviews Tino Rozzo
Rozzo, the Socialist Party (USA) candidate for New Jersey Governor, discusses the Basic Income Grant, which by itself would eliminate poverty in the US. 9:00PM Aug 17, 800 AM WTMR, Camden, NJ.
http://voterozzo.blogspot.com/2004/10/interview-with-new-jersey-politics.html
11. New Links
Global Basic Income Foundation
Global Basic Income Foundation renovates its website. BIEN reports, GBIF, founded in 2000, has recently launched a new website. The site contains a brief overview of arguments that support the introduction of a global basic income and a FAQ page which gives more detailed answers to questions about ethical foundations and funding possibilities. Other pages include facts on poverty and hunger, links to information and other organisations advocating a global or national basic income, and some information about the GBI Foundation itself. The GBI Foundation argues for the introduction of a global basic income, but also advocates for a national basic income in different countries. A global basic income is not presented as a substitute for national social security systems, certainly not in the short run, but as a necessary addition. Apart from the ethical and economic arguments that are commonly used to argue for a basic income, three specific arguments are given by the GBI Foundation for the introduction of a global basic income: 1. humanity as a whole has a responsibility to end extreme poverty and hunger; 2. the need for a global framework of social security; 3. the advancement of global awareness.
12. New Members
Membership in the USBIG Network is free and open to anyone who shares its goals. Five new members have joined USBIG in the last two months. Their names are below in bold. To become a member of USBIG, go to http://www.usbig.net.
The New Members are: Mark Levinson, New York, New York, Kathy Fitzpatrick, Grand Rapids, MI; Stephen C. Clark, Port Hueneme, CA; Cristian Pérez Muñoz, Sauce, Uruguay; Richa, Grand Rapids, MI; Floyd Robinson, Ann Arbor, MI.
For links to dozens of BIG Websites around the world, go to http://www.usbig.net, and click on "links." These links are to any website with information about BIG, but USBIG does not necessarily endorse their content or their agendas.
THE USBIG NETWORK NEWSLETTER
Editor: Karl Widerquist
Research:Paul Nollen
Copyediting:Mike Murray and the USBIG Committee
Thanks for help with this issue to:Al Sheahen, Ayelet Banai, Cindy L'Hirondelle, and Tino Rozzo
THE U.S. BASIC INCOME GUARANTEE (USBIG) NETWORK publishes this newsletter. The Network is dedicated to promoting the discussion of the basic income guarantee (BIG) in the United States. BIG is a generic name for any proposal to create a minimum income level, below which no citizen's income can fall. Information on BIG and USBIG can be found on the web at: http://www.usbig.net. If you know any BIG news; if you know anyone who would like to be added to this list; or if you would like to be removed from this list; please send me an email.
As always, your comments on this newsletter and the USBIG website are gladly welcomed.
-Karl Widerquist, Coordinator, USBIG. Karl@Widerquist.com


text:
Q: Can't release my appDelegate variables I juste figured out that I can't release the variables I set in my appDelegate from other class.
Example :
I have a class myClass.
    In myClass.m if I do :

    appDelegate = [[UIApplication sharedApplication] delegate];

    appDelegate.aString = [[NSString alloc] init]; //aString is declared and synthesized in appDelegate class.
    [appDelegate.aString stringWithString:@"test"];
    [appDelegate.aString release];

    NSLog(appDelegate.aString);

I get "test" in the console.
What did I do wrong ? : /

A: What are the attributes for the property aString? It's likely that you're using a retain property, which will (as the name suggests) retain the underlying object upon assignment. Therefore, after the assignment to appDelegate.aString, you've got an NSString with a retain count of at least 2. Your NSLog after release will thus be using an object with a retain count of at least 1.
Addendum: Your statement [appDelegate.aString stringWithString:@"test"]; is vacuous. It's calling a class method on an instance (itself not a good idea), but this method returns a new string with the contents test. You're asking for this string, and instantly discarding it. aString is not altered by this method.

A: You are not using properties correctly. Your code should read:
appDelegate = [[UIApplication sharedApplication] delegate];

appDelegate.aString = [NSString stringWithString:@"test"]; // This will be retained by your appDelegate
appDelegate.aString = nil; // This will cause your appDelegate to release the variable

NSLog(@"%@",appDelegate.aString); // don't put objects directly in to NSLog

As it stands you have created an autoreleased object (in stringWithString) and then retained it again by setting it to your property.

A: You should use the "Analyse" system built into XCode. shift ⌘ a - Build and Analyze.
It will show you with nice blue arrows where you retain, release and overretain/overrelase variables.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Himba Village Tour is done from Tualuka Safari Lodge as a half day excursion. The tour can be combined with an excursion to one of the Cheetah sanctuaries in the area for a full day excursion. The tour is recommend for Children and is for anyone who is interested in learning more about local cultures and their history. The Himbas are one of the few tribes in Africa that lives close to their original cultures and traditions and it's a definite eye opener for people coming from the Western world.
Himba Children Playing – The Himba people don't normally send their kids to school, they believe that they lose their kids to modern society if they send them.
The Himba (singular: Omuhimba, plural: Ovahimba) are an ethnic group of about 20,000 to 50,000 people living in northern Namibia, in the Kunene region (formerly Kaokoland). Recently they have built two villages in Kamanjab . They are mostly a semi-nomadic, pastoral people, closely related to the Herero, and speak Otjihimba, a dialect of the Herero language.
Himba women wears traditional attire and it can take her 4 hours in the morning to get herself ready for the day.


text:
Varsity backs coaches
A fall survey of 98 varsity students at Red Bluff Union High School suggests students have a high opinion of both the sports program and the coaches the school employs.
The poll results were presented Wednesday at a school"s Board of Trustees meeting, which had been scheduled to discuss the athletic program"s mission statement. But with trustees Rod Moore and Tim Benton absent, the item was postponed until the board"s March 4 meeting.
Principal and Athletic Administrator Patrick Gleason, displaying the poll results in a PowerPoint presentation, downplayed the scope of the sample. "I don"t think now"s the time to draw a conclusion," he said.
The school offers 650 spots available in its athletic programs over the course of the school year, with 350 to 400 students involved in multiple programs.
Because the survey focused on varsity students, only two of the students polled were in 9th or 10th grade. All others were juniors and seniors.
But the results are encouraging, Gleason said.
Students showed overwhelming approval of their coaches and the varsity program, including 83 percent who thought their playing time was fair, 89 percent who said they developed a positive personal relationship with their coach and 96 percent who said their coach modeled "appropriate adult behaviors."
Gleason"s presentation also touched on the school"s use of research-based discipline programs, the fact that only 23 percent of coaches are walk-ons instead of staff members, compared to a state average of 61 percent, and the changes other North State schools are making to keep their athletic programs financially viable.
Chico and Pleasant Valley have taken to charging students $65 per sport, he said.
Gleason concluded his presentation by saying there is a communication gap between the Board of Trustees and the coaches.
"Right now, your coaching staff is, I don"t know any other way to describe it other than, they"re confused with what the board"s position is to the athletic department," Gleason said. "I think we"re at a point here where sometime real soon, our coaching staff needs a clear message, and whether that"s one of support or not, at this point, is no longer the biggest issue."
Gleason said the board had been "unfairly categorized" by people relying on outside sources and the board"s position as a whole was more important than the views of individual board members.
Unlike a special meeting held Jan. 28, little discussion was held on the quality of the school"s athletics program. Trustee Rhonda Johnson asked why the school only required a 2.0 grade average spread over 20 units from its student athletes and wanted Gleason to provide her with a copy of the athletic director"s job description.
Barbara Thomas, associate vice principal for Salisbury High School and parent of a varsity student, said she was thankful for the athletic program.
"Having kids in athletics is wonderful, and I appreciate everything the school does," she said.
Staff Writer Geoff Johnson can be reached at 527-2153, extension 114, or at gjohnson@redbluffdailynews.com


American pit bulls are sometimes known for their ferocity, but this 18-month-old dog shows an adorable side to the breed when he tried to copy a little girl cartwheeling.
The adorable video, which was posted to Facebook by Jacqueline Sloan Ziegler, has gone viral with over seven million views and more than 170,000 shares in just a few days.
The footage delighted viewers, showing a little girl called Kailyn pefroming aseries of cartwheels, followed by the brown and white pit bull, named Oakland, attempting to copy the acrobatics.
Oakland new found fame has prompted Ms Ziegler to set up a Facebook page for the dog, hoping to show the positve side of his breed.
Pit bulls has been banned in the UK under the 1991 Dangerous Dogs Act following a number of attacks by the animals, but they remain a popular breed in the US.


Feb. 21 --The lack of deference given to federal district court claim construction in patent cases will continue as the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit, sitting en banc, split 6-4 in retaining the often criticized Cybor de novo review standard (Lighting Ballast Control LLC v. Philips Elecs. N. Amer. Corp., Fed. Cir., No. 2012-1014, 2/21/14).
"After fifteen years of experience with Cybor, we conclude that the court should retain plenary review of claim construction, thereby providing national uniformity, consistency, and finality to the meaning and scope of patent claims," wrote Judge Pauline Newman, the longest tenured member of the current court.
Judge Alan D. Lourie wrote a concurrence only to add reasons to support the majority's conclusion.
The four-judge dissent was written by the review standard's most vocal critic, Judge Kathleen M. O'Malley, who had been a district court judge before joining the appeals court.
"It is time we acknowledge the limitations of our appellate function and our obligation to comply with the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, and give trial judges the deference their expertise and efforts deserve," according to the dissent.
Deference to district court claim construction judgments effectively ended with Cybor Corp. v. FAS Techs. Inc., 138 F.3d 1448, 46 U.S.P.Q.2d 1169 (Fed. Cir. 1998) (en banc), which interpreted the Supreme Court's decision in Markman v. Westview Instruments, Inc., 116 S.Ct. 1384, 38 U.S.P.Q.2d 1461 (1996).
In Markman, the Supreme Court noted that giving the Federal Circuit domain over all claim construction issues would result in uniformity. "It was just for the sake of such desirable uniformity that Congress created the Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit as an exclusive appellate courts for patent cases," Markmansaid.
In the instant case, Lighting Ballast Control LLC holds a patent (U.S. Patent No. 5,436,529) relating to control and protection circuits for electronic lighting ballasts commonly used in fluorescent lighting. It brought a patent infringement claim against Philips Electronics North America Corp. and four other companies in the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Texas. Only Universal Lighting Technologies Inc. remains as a defendant in the case.
In a nonprecedential decision, the Federal Circuit panel was unanimous in reversing the lower court's judgment that "voltage source means" did not implicate means-plus-function analysis under 35 U.S.C. §112, para. 6. 498 Fed. App'x 986, 2013 BL 129 (Fed. Cir. 2013). Treating the term as functional, the court concluded that the specification lacked corresponding structure and thus, the asserted claims were invalid for indefiniteness. Lighting Ballast then petitioned for rehearing en banc.
The court's decision to grant the petition on March 15 (52 PTD, 3/18/13) took advantage of the fact that only nine judges were eligible to vote. At that time, Judges Richard G. Taranto, Raymond T. Chen and Todd M. Hughes were not yet members of the current 12-active-judge court. Thus, five votes were sufficient to force this en banc review. Taranto joined in time for the Sept. 13 oral argument (179 PTD, 9/16/13), but Chen and Hughes did not participate in that or in the en banc decision.
(a) Should this court overrule Cybor?
(b) Should this court afford deference to any aspect of a district court's claim construction?
(c) If so, which aspects should be afforded deference?
Briefing by friends of the court was heavy, with 21 briefs filed representing 38 entities, including the U.S. government and the Patent and Trademark Office.
The text of the decision is covered in 32 pages, with the first half devoted to the importance of stare decisis to the judicial system. With that background, the majority addressed two alternatives--Lighting Ballast's preference for no deference and a "hybrid" view proposed by the government and several others, where the court would at least give deference on some issues of fact underlying the construction judgments.
Disentangling arguably factual aspects, some in dispute and some not, some the subject of expert or other testimony and some not, some elaborated by documentary evidence and some not, some construed by the district court and some not, some related to issues to be decided by a jury and some not--and further disentangling factual aspects from the application of law to fact--is a task ripe for lengthy peripheral litigation. We are not persuaded that we ought to overturn the en banc Cybor decision and replace its clear de novo standard with an amorphous standard that places a new, cumbersome, and costly process at the gate, to engender threshold litigation over whether there was or was not a fact at issue.
Lourie and Taranto joined the opinion, as did Judges Timothy B. Dyk, Sharon Prost and Kimberly A. Moore.
Lourie had joined, on the other hand, the majority opinions in both Markman and Cybor. He echoed the court's reliance in the instant case on Markman, and he noted that the majority may have understated the likelihood of disparate lower court decisions, because the America Invents Act of 2011 limited patent owners' ability to join defendants.
Lourie's first additional view was to highlight the importance of the patent specification and prosecution history in claim construction and minimize the role that expert witnesses should play. Experts "take positions that are also distinct and isolated from (and often different from) those originally taken by the inventor and attorney, who knew what the invention was and what positions were taken in the Patent Office during prosecution," he said.
This "multiplicity of actors" creates the real problem, not the lack of deference, Lourie said.
The Supreme Court in Markman called claim construction a "mongrel practice," and the dissent chastised the majority for ignoring the fact-based component, which, under Fed. R. Civ. P. 52(a)(6), requires deferential review of district court decisions.
The dissent claimed that three, unnamed members of the majority have criticized Cybor in the court's "internal dialogue." "In none of their discussions of Cybor was concern regarding stare decisis raised," the dissent said.
Moore may have been the "swing" vote--in favor of en banc review but ultimately selecting stare decisis--given her previous statement that "we must acknowledge the factual underpinnings of this analysis and there should be deference" in dissent to denial of en banc review of this issue in a previous case. Retractable Techs. Inc. v. Becton Dickinson & Co., 659 F.3d 1369, 1373, 2011 BL 279175, 100 U.S.P.Q.2d 1714 (Fed. Cir. 2011) (211 PTD, 11/1/11).
In fact, Newman's opinion here represents an about-face of sorts, albeit 19 years in the making. In the Federal Circuit's en banc review of the Markman case that started it all, Newman wrote a detailed dissent, including the statement, "The subject matter that the majority now designates as 'law'--the disputed meaning and scope of technologic terms and words of art as used in particular inventions--is not law, but fact." Markman v. Westview Instruments Inc., 52 F.3d 967, 34 U.S.P.Q.2d 1321 (Fed. Cir. 1995).
Chief Judge Randall R. Rader and Judges Jimmie V. Reyna and Evan J. Wallach joined the dissenting opinion.
The last 12 pages of the majority opinion respond to the dissent's arguments.
The majority rejected the characterization of criticism as "widespread." Noting the amicus briefs, the majority said, "all of the technology industries that offered advice to this court urge retention of Cybor's standards." The majority quoted liberally from one brief on behalf of 11 amici led by Google Inc. and another of six amici led by Cisco Systems Inc.
The majority dismissed the dissent's contention that some have gone against their "long-term convictions" with a bit of sarcasm.
"While it is comforting to know that our golden words of the past are not forgotten, those of us with the majority today who have questioned aspects of Cybor in the past, now decide this case on the record of the present and with an eye to the future," according to the court's opinion.
The court reinstated the panel decision that Lighting Ballast's patent was invalid for indefiniteness.
Andrew J. Dhuey of Berkeley, Calif., represented Lighting Ballast. Steven J. Routh of Orrick, Herrington & Sutcliffe LLP, Washington, D.C., represented Universal Lighting.
Text is available at http://www.bloomberglaw.com/public/document/Lighting_Ballast_Control_LLC_v_Philips_Electronics_North_Amer_Doc/3.


THE enigmatic album cover of singer-songwriter and local resident Gilbert O'Sullivan may be a mystery to his legions of fans, but most Islanders will instantly recognise the location.
The cover shows the solitary singer walking along the concrete path which runs along the sea wall near El Tico, in St Ouen's Bay – in a nod, the singer says, to the Island he has called home for more than three decades.
And the star – who is currently on tour – has hinted that he could play a concert in Jersey at some point.
Speaking about the new album cover, he said: 'The front cover was chosen because of the image of me striding forward, which in many ways conveys my attitude to music and my career – always looking forward and never looking back. The backdrop of the wall against the blue sky made for a unique and scenic setting.
The photo shoot, which took around two hours and was timed to capture the best lighting, turned out to be a fairly straightforward event for Mr O'Sullivan, but not for the photographer.
The singer's latest tour has seen him perform in venues across Australia and the UK.
'I'm really enjoying the tour so far,' he said. 'There's been a great reaction to songs old and new, and it's always nice meeting fans up and down the country that have supported me from the beginning.
The album is due to be released on 10 August and is available to pre-order now.


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Today we will show you how to draw Disney's Donald Duck. Learn how to draw Donald Duck with the following simple step to step tutorial.
You Might Enjoy Our Other Disney Characters Tutorials.
Draw a circle and a sideways letter 'D' shape.
Draw stick figure arms, including the one that looks like a letter 'L' shape. Draw two ovals that overlap each other.
Draw letter 'D' shaped feet.
Draw a letter 'D' shape for the hand and start his hat by drawing a bubble-letter 'J' shape. Then draw a sideways number '2' shape and a letter 'U' shape.
For his face, draw a letter 'V' shape, two letter 'S' shapes, a number '2' shape and a letter 'T' shape.
I can't seem to get the eyes right.great tutorial though, easy to understand by explaining with simple letters and shapes.


text:
module Braintree
  class PlanGateway # :nodoc:
    def initialize(gateway)
      @gateway = gateway
      @config = gateway.config
    end

    def all
      response = @config.http.get "/plans"
      attributes_collection = response[:plans] || []
      attributes_collection.map do |attributes|
        Plan._new(@gateway, attributes)
      end
    end
  end
end

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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Continue reading Creating Live Font Master Templates in Motion.
Final Cut Studio ships with a software product called Motion. Within Motion, you can create motion graphic templates. These templates show up automatically in the Generator menu under the Master Templates menu category. Each template contains a different design that you can alter in terms of changing the text, text size, text position, and video content.
Continue reading Working with Motion Graphic Templates in Final Cut Pro.
This page is a archive of entries in the Motion4 category from September 2009.
Motion4: August 2009 is the previous archive.
Motion4: October 2009 is the next archive.


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text:
About / Centers
Center for Global Economy and Business
Economic Fluctuations, Growth & Development
Commerce, Regulation & Trade
Development Initiatives
China Initiative
India Initiative
Global Economy Course
Executive in Residence
Henry Kaufman Prize
David K. Backus Memorial Lecture
Faculty Grant Program
PhD Grant Program
Carnegie-Rochester-NYU Conference
Home / Experience Stern / About / Departments, Centers & Initiatives / Centers of Research / Center for Global Economy and Business / Development Initiatives / Executive in Residence
The Center for Global Economy and Business has initiated a new Executive-in-Residence program. The aim is to integrate distinguished global business and policy leaders into the activities of the Stern School of Business in a sustainable way.
Richard Berner became the Center's first Executive-in-Residence at the start of 2018. In this capacity, he will conduct research, give talks, organize public programs of interest to Stern and the broader community, and help to advance Stern's financial stability initiatives. He also is teaching a graduate course in Financial Stability and Risk Management.
Prior to joining Stern, Berner served as the Director of the Office of Financial Research (OFR) from 2013 to 2017. The Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010 established the OFR to support the Financial Stability Oversight Council, the Council's member organizations, and the public. The OFR's mission is to promote financial stability by delivering high-quality financial data, standards, and analysis.
Recent and Prospective Activities
Keynote Speech: Challenges for Financial Modeling, delivered at the Winter 2018 Macro Financial Modeling Meeting, January 25, 2018
Full remarks
Fireside Chat with Steven Eisman (Neuberger Berman), NYU Stern, February 7, 2018
Fireside Chat with Ben Golub (BlackRock, Chief Risk Officer), NYU Stern, February 28, 2018
Fireside Chat with Don Kohn (Brookings Institution; Member of the Financial Policy Committee of the Bank of England; former Vice Chairman of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve), NYU Stern, April 11, 2018


Jennifer mentioned in a recent post that her friends are often surprised at the size of her closet and expect her to have more clothes than she actually does. She's able to pull together a whole host of different outfits not because she has a ton of clothes, but because she has so much variety. This really struck a chord with me as it's what I've been teaching my clients for years.
Jen is so right, you don't need to have a wardrobe that's bursting at the seams with clothing to create different looks. The key is having a good variety of versatile pieces. I've learnt that when women say "I have lots of clothes but nothing to wear" that what they actually mean is they have nothing DIFFERENT to wear. Fill your wardrobe with lots of the same things and you'll get bored very quickly.
When I'm going through a client's wardrobe for the first time, we look at everything in there. We empty all the drawers, look in all the boxes hidden under the bed and check out the closets in the spare room. We look at everything. It's a very cathartic process and it always throws up habits that the client hadn't been aware of.
We all have shopping habits; we shop in the same stores, we buy the same colors and we're drawn to styles and items that are familiar to us. And actually, knowing what you like and having a shopping style isn't a problem as keeping a theme can make it easier to mix and match your outfits, it's not knowing that you have a shopping style that's the problem.
If you don't realise that you have a penchant for stripy tops or, ahem, leopard print, then you're probably going to keep filling your closet with more of the same and won't open up any more options.
I'm fully aware that not everyone is looking to wear something exciting or different every day, and I'm not suggesting that you should either. But if you're one of the many women who complains about having nothing to wear, then maybe it's time to asses your closet.
If you're in a bit of a style rut, then this weekend I challenge you to assess your wardrobe, uncover your shopping habits and ban yourself from purchasing more of the same.


Cultural studies has established that suburban white kids love hip hop in a complex manner; heaps has been written on aspiration, colorblindedness, misogynism, emulation, and subordination. But just what makes hip hop so appealing to net artists? Instead of passing off any attempt to indulge in hip hop as a 1:1 relationship between appropriation and mockery, I'm interested in looking at how different artists incorporate hip hop in their artwork to talk about themselves.


text:
Q: Grid with rows that have different number of columns Is it possible to programmatically create a Grid that has 3 rows and 2 columns, but the last row only has 1 column instead of 2?
public class MyGrid : Grid
{
    public void DefineRowsAndColumns()
    {
        // I know you can add RowDefinitions and ColumnDefinitions here, but how to make them uneven?
    }
}

I'm not trying to get someone to do my homework here...I just want to know how I can get a grid to have rows with different number of columns.

A: you can use the ColumnSpan property to make content span multiple columns
var label = new Label { Text = "Row 1" };
myGrid.Children.Add(label,0,0);
Grid.SetColumnSpan(label,2);

the Label will span 2 columns, effectively making that row contain only a single column


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text:
Q: If params is present not working My url paths are this
/locale/country/
/locale/country/region/

models:
class Region
belongs: country
end

class Country
has_many: regions
end

a foreign-key country_id in regions table
This is a part of a nav partial in the layout file.
//block region
    - if params[:region].present?
       %ul.thumbnails
       - @region.tags.find_each(:conditions => "active_house = true") do |a|
          %li.span2
          .thumbnail
            - a.attachments.limit(1).each do |b|
              = image_tag(b.file.url)
            .caption
              %p
                #{link_to a.h1, tag_country_region_houses_path(@country, @region, a.name), :class => 'btn-nav', class: active_class?(tag_houses_path(a.name))}
//block country
    - else
        %ul.thumbnails
        - @country.tags.find_each(:conditions => "active_house = true") do |a|
           %li.span2
            .thumbnail
              - a.attachments.limit(1).each do |b|
                = image_tag(b.file.url)
             .caption
              %p
                #{link_to a.h1, tag_country_houses_path(@country,  a.name), :class => 'btn-nav', class: active_class?(tag_houses_path(a.name))}

When the visitor is on the path /local/country i want show block country and when the vistor is on /locale/country/region i want to show block region.
I thought if params[:region].present? will do the trick. But no....how can i realize this?

A: Try doing this:
if params.has_key?(:region)

or if it exists but contains a nil you could test it:
unless params[:region].nil?

A: Is it not supposed to be
class Region
belongs_to: country
end

instead of
class Region
belongs: country
end

Cheers

A: Before the line
- if params[:region].present?

In your view, try ptinting the lines,
- p params[:region]
- p params[:region].present?

that could give you some clue about the behaviour.


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We exist to brighten up peoples' days and we're looking for vibrant personalities that want to join us in our quest.
If that sounds like a culture you want to be a part of, and help build, we'd love to hear from you. Please click on the career button to apply.


text:
The Royal Institution's festive feasts for the mind
From Michael Faraday to David Attenborough plus adorable lemur – many eminent figures have delivered Christmas science lectures at the UK's Royal Institution. The organisation has put on 180 series of Christmas lectures since 1825, delivered by a total of 105 lecturers including eight Nobel prizewinners. Here, Frank James, the Royal Institution's science historian, describes his favourite from each decade.
Michael Faraday – 1855
This image, which formed the basis for the £20 note during the 1990s, depicts Faraday delivering a Christmas lecture in front of Albert, the prince consort of Queen Victoria. Faraday points to blocks of wood representing the densities of different materials. These blocks are now on display under this picture, which hangs outside the Royal Institution's lecture theatre.
The lectures began in 1825, shortly after the RI was founded. The first series was delivered by the Royal Institution's professor of mechanics, John Millington. Michael Faraday, who among other things discovered electromagnetic induction, gave the third series and went on to deliver a further 18 series, including this one entitled "The distinctive properties of the common metals".
(Image: Royal Institution)
Robert Stawell Ball – 1900
Ball was an Irish-born astronomer. He became the astronomer royal for Ireland and later professor of astronomy at the University of Cambridge. He was a very popular lecturer, delivering five series of Christmas lectures from which he earned a significant income. In this image he is demonstrating the behaviour of flame.
Edward Neville da Costa Andrade – 1927
This photo shows Andrade demonstrating how an electromagnetic engine worked. At the time of this lecture he was about to become professor of physics at University College, London, and in 1950 would be appointed head of the Royal Institution.
A few days after Andrade delivered his lecture the electrical substation in the basement of the RI blew up, sending flames to the second floor where the lectures were held. The damage caused led to the refurbishment of the building in the 1930s.
Geoffrey Ingram Taylor – 1936
Taylor was a professor of physics at the Cavendish Laboratory in Cambridge, UK, with an interest in turbulence and had been on the expedition to study the distribution of icebergs following the sinking of the Titanic. Hence he chose to talk about ships for his Christmas lectures. Here he shows children a diving suit in the room just outside the lecture theatre.
The Christmas lectures always involved a large number of experimental demonstrations and illustrations with full audience participation, as this photo shows.
Percy Dunsheath – 1949
Dunsheath was a distinguished electrical engineer. His Christmas lecture series, delivered to a very smartly dressed audience, was on electric currents; here he is showing an early electrostatic generator and one of the batteries which chemist Humphry Davy had used to isolate sodium and potassium in the early 19th century.
Frank Whittle – 1954
Whittle, best known for inventing the jet engine during the second world war, chose "The Story of Petroleum" as the topic for his Christmas lectures. Here his glamorous assistant (who is wearing a dress made from a petroleum-based fabric) is, for unknown reasons, placing Whittle's head in a bowl – presumably also made of a synthetic material.
George Porter – 1969
Porter had been appointed director of the Royal Institution in 1966 and had won the Nobel prize for his photochemical research the following year. This image, showing Porter carrying out a straightforward chemical experiment, is from his first of two series of Christmas lectures. Both were televised, though the recording of the first series has not survived.
David Attenborough – 1973
Attenborough had made a number of natural history documentaries before being appointed the first controller of the UK's BBC2 television channel in 1965. He was thus responsible for starting the televising of the Christmas lectures. He delivered his own series on animal language and is seen here with a ring-tailed lemur from Madagascar, where he had filmed in 1960.
Charles Taylor – 1989
Taylor was professor of physics at University College Cardiff, UK, where he researched crystallography. He also worked on acoustics and music, and it was on these topics that he delivered two series of Christmas lectures. The displays in the Royal Institution include his musical saw and straw pan pipes.
Susan Greenfield – 1994
Greenfield was the first woman ever to deliver the Christmas lectures; four years later, she was appointed director of the Royal Institution. Her research concentrates on neuroscience, which was the topic covered by her lectures. Here she is demonstrating the evolution of the cranial capacity of primates up to Homo sapiens.
Sue Hartley – 2009
Hartley is an ecologist at the University of Sussex, UK, specialising in the interactions of plants and animals. She is only the fourth woman to ever give the Christmas lectures.
This year's lectures will focus on the 300-million-year evolutionary war between plants and animals. Hartley will look to the future to see how this interaction might change.
In this image Sue is using a human caterpillar to demonstrate how difficult it is to overcome a leaf's defences.