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Current Affairs Today April 22 2018
We are here for you to provide the important current affairs April 22 2018 which have unique updates of all daily events from all newspapers such as The Hindu, The Economic Times, PIB, Times of India, India Today, Indian Express, Business Standard, all Government official websites. Our complete current affairs helps you to get more marks in Banking, insurance, UPSC, SSC, CLAT, Railway and all other competitive Exams.
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Union Home Minister lays foundation for several development projects in Diu
On April 21, 2018, Union Home Minister, Rajnath Singh laid foundation for various development projects in Union Territory, Diu.
Development Projects in Diu:
i. Mr. Rajnath Singh laid foundation for Construction of a pile jetty in Vanakbara village at a cost of Rs.3.77 crores, first phase of sewerage network, including a common sewage treatment plant, in Diu costing Rs.20.70 crores, building of an Annexe Circuit House at a cost of Rs. 20.60 crores and New school buildings at Kamleshwar, Zampa and Ghoghla.
ii. In context of this news, it is important to note that Diu has been selected for Central Government's Smart Cities Mission.
iii. A total of Rs. 1400 crore would be spent on developmental projects under this programme.
Quick Facts about Diu:
♦ Population – 21576 (as per Census 2011)
♦ Area – 40 Sq. Km
♦ Taken back from Portuguese possession in – 1961
G20 Ministers and Central Bank Governors agree to aim for economic growth by promoting trade
Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governors from G20, (the Group of 20 economies) have agreed to aim for economic growth by promoting trade.
Highlights of G20 Spring Meeting:
i. Agreement in this regard was arrived at the G20 Spring Meeting held in Washington D.C., US on 19th and 20th April, 2018.
ii. The meeting was chaired by Argentina's Treasury Minister Nicolas Dujovne.
iii. During the course of this meeting, the participants expressed concerns over protectionist international trade policies and a further escalation of US-China trade war, which could slow down the global economy.
Quick Facts about G20 (Group of Twenty):
♦ Founded in – 1999
♦ Purpose – Forum to deliberate upon key issues affecting the global economy
♦ Members Countries: Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Italy, Japan, Mexico, Russian Federation, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, South Korea, Turkey, United Kingdom, United States, and the European Union
SJVN signs MoU with Ministry of Power to achieve 9200 Million Units in FY 2018-19
SJVN Limited, the operator of one of the largest Hydro Power Plants in India has signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with Union Ministry of Power for the year 2018-19.
Details about SJVN Limited – Union Ministry of Power MoU:
i. SJVN Ltd. is a Mini Ratna public sector undertaking under administrative control of Union Power Ministry.
ii. As per the terms of the MoU, SJVN shall strive to achieve 9200 Million Units generation during 2018-19. In FY 2017-18, it generated 9280 Million Units against the target of 8950 Million Units.
iii. SJVN's Capital Expenditure (CAPEX) target for 2018-19 has been set at Rs. 900 crore.
iv. Having four projects with capacity of 1610 MW under construction and another four projects with capacity of 2155 MW under various stages of clearances, SJVN envisages being a 5700 MW+ generating company in near future.
Quick Facts about SJVN Limited:
♦ Incorporated in – 1988
♦ Registered Office – Shimla, Himachal Pradesh
♦ Joint Venture between – Government of India and Government of Himachal Pradesh
Uttarakhand CM launches campaign to connect with youngsters
Uttarakhand Chief Minister Trivendra Singh Rawat launched a campaign called "Devbhoomi dialogue", calling upon youth to look for self-employment opportunities in their chosen fields.
"Devbhoomi dialogue", Uttarakhand:
i. Seeking valuable suggestions from Youth, Mr. Rawat stated that a search for self-employment opportunities can to help check the perennial problem of migration from the remote hill areas.
ii. He added that, suggestions made by the youth under this programme will be included in the policies to be framed by Uttarakhand State Government in future.
iii. Uttarakhand State Government had successfully conducted a similar feedback oriented programme called 'Apki Rai, Apka Budget' to seek suggestions from public before introducing State's annual budget in March 2018.
Quick Facts about Uttarakhand:
♦ Capital – Dehradun
♦ Current Chief Minister – Trivendra Singh Rawat
♦ Current Governor – Krishan Kant Paul
♦ Important National Park – Jim Corbett National Park
Yogi's FB page most popular among Indian CMs
As per rankings released by Facebook on April 19, 2018, Facebook (FB) page of Uttar Pradesh Chief Minister Yogi Adityanath is the most popular among all other chief ministers of India.
Popularity of Facebook Pages:
i. On April 19, 2018, social media platform, Facebook released data of top ranked Facebook pages of government bodies, ministries and political parties in India.
ii. Popularity of the pages is based on total interactions which includes total reactions, shares and comments on the page for the period from January 1, 2017 to December 31, 2017.
iii. With 42 million likes, Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi is the most popular Lok Sabha member while legendary cricketer, Sachin Tendulkar is the most popular Rajya Sabha member with over 28 million likes.
iv. Bharatiya Janata Party's (BJP's) Facebook page has been adjudged as the most active, followed by Aam Aadmi Party at second place and Congress at third position.
PM Modi award for Manipur's Karang – India's first cashless island of the country
On April 22,2018, Prime Minister Narendra Modi honoured officials for making Manipur's Karang the first cashless island of the country, and implementing the Goods and Services Tax (GST) and other priority initiatives of the Centre.
Karang – first cashless island of the country
i. Karang island, a remote and backward region. It was separated from the Bishnupur district. Incentives were provided for training towards digital payments and five POS machines were installed on the island.
ii. Self-help groups and youth clubs were roped in for community mobilization and parallel activities were conducted on the island for Aadhaar enrolment and opening of bank accounts.
iii. An online channel was launched to make people aware about digital payments. Due to this effort, 92 per cent of the bank accounts were linked with mobile and 70 per cent of them were linked with Aadhaar.
Other honours/awards
i. Modi awarded civil servants for smooth implementation of four priority programmes — Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana, Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana (Urban and Rural), Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Grameen Kaushalya Yojana, and for promoting digital payments.
ii. Banka district administration in Bihar – for reinventing education using technology.
iii. Assam's Dhemaji and Telangana's Karimnagar – best implementation of 'Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Grameen Kaushal Yojana'.
iv. Himachal Pradesh's Kangra and Madhya Pradesh's Neemuch – implementation of the Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana (Gramin) aimed at providing pucca houses with basic amenities to all homeless people.
Digambarpur of West Bengal: India's best Gram Panchayat
The central government has declared Digambarpur gram panchayat of West Bengal in South 24 Parganas district as the best panchayat in the country.
i. State Panchayat Minister Subrata Mukherjee. There are 2.5 lakhs gram panchayats in the country, the central government had selected 1000 and "Digambarpur under Pathar Pratima block has came out the best among those 1000 gram panchayats.
ii. West Bengal Chief Minister Mamata Banerjeereminded that state was topped in job creation under the NREGA project. West Bengal has not only topped in rural employment generation, but also been able to reduce the unemployment rate by 40 per cent.
iii. On the basis of seven factors of work include the system of planning, quality of planning, different activities and level of coordination, implementation of the plan and its proper monitoring, use of Information Technology and documentation the ranking of the Gram Panchayats have been selected.
iv. Gram Panchayats in districts including Purulia, Birbhum and Burdwan have also been awarded special prizes for certain achievements.
About West Bengal
♦ Capital – Kolkata
♦ Governor – Keshari Nath Tripathi
♦ Chief Minister – Mamata Banerjee
PM Modi's Visit to Germany
On April 20, 2018, Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi visited Germany after wrapping up his visit to the United Kingdom where he attended the 25th Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting (CHOGM) and held bilateral meeting with British PM Theresa May.
Highlights of PM Modi's Visit to Germany:
i. On April 20, 2018, Indian PM Narendra Modi met German Chancellor Angela Merkel in Berlin and discussed multiple aspects relating to bilateral cooperation as well as other global issues.
ii. This was the first meeting between PM Modi and Angela Merkel since Merkel began her fourth term as German chancellor in March 2018.
iii. Germany is India's largest trade partner in the European Union. In 2016-17, the bilateral trade between India and Germany stood at USD 18.76 billion.
Quick Facts about Germany:
♦ Capital – Berlin
♦ Currency – Euro
♦ Current Chancellor – Angela Merkel
♦ Important Cities – Hamburg, Munich, Frankfurt,
G-20 Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governors (FMCBG) Meeting held in Washington D.C.
On 19th and 20th April 2018 , Shri Subhash Chandra Garg, Secretary, Department of Economic Affairs (DEA), Ministry of Finance, Government of India led the Indian Delegation to the G-20 Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governors (FMCBG) Meeting held in Washington D.C.
i. The Main schema of the Meeting was to discuss prospects and vulnerabilities of global economy, harnessing future of work for inclusive growth and take stock of progress made under G20 Compact with Africa Initiative.
ii. Secretary Shri Garg highlighted that the digital age technologies have profound implications for policies concerning every aspects of the economy. It also has enormous implications for emerging markets and developing countries.
iii. India has started adopting policies and programmes for transforming systems of delivery of services using digital technologies and connecting every Indian with digital technologies and access through Adhaar .
iv. The Secretary, Department of Economic Affairs, Shri Garg is currently on an official tour to Washington D.C. to attend the Spring Meetings of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank and other associated meetings. He is accompanied by Mr. Urjit Patel, Governor, RBI and other senior officials.
North Korea halts all nuclear tests and missile launches as Trump hails 'big progress'
North Korea halts missile and nuclear tests, a pledge made by leader Kim Jong-un ahead of a meeting with Donald Trump. All other countries have welcomed this decision.
i. North Korea has conducted all six of its nuclear tests at Punggye-ri test site in the country's north-east. It tested its first nuclear weapon in 2006, while its last and most powerful test came last September 2017.
ii. South Korea's presidential office welcomed the announcement as "meaningful progress" towards denuclearisation. "It will create a very positive environment for the success of the upcoming inter-Korean and North-US summits.
iii. The two countries are due to hold a summit on the southern side of the demilitarised zone.The meeting is to be followed in May or June by a meeting between Kim and Trump.
PNB impounds passports of wilful defaulters
India's second largest public sector bank, Punjab National Bank (PNB) has stated that Union Ministry of External Affairs (MEA) has confiscated passports of 150 wilful defaulters based on its complaints.
Loan Recovery efforts made by PNB:
i. In addition to impounding the passports, PNB has also lodged 37 FIRs against those who are not repaying loans.
ii. In March 2018, Union Finance Ministry asked banks to obtain passport details of those who have borrowed more than Rs 50 crore and ensure swift action in case of fraud in order to prevent them from fleeing the country.
iii. In wake of Rs 14000-crore fraud by diamond traders Nirav Modi and Mehul Choksi, PNB has become proactive in recovery of loans to improve its financial position.
iv. The bank has already declared 1084 wilful defaulters and published photos of 260 such defaulters in newspapers as part of its recovery drive.
v. PNB has claimed to leverage data analytics for loan recovery and risk management, and has also tied up with a leading credit agency.
Quick Facts about PNB:
♦ Headquarters – New Delhi
♦ Current MD & CEO – Sunil Mehta
♦ Tagline – 'The name you can bank upon'
IOB inks information utility pact with NeSL
On April 20, 2018, Indian Overseas Bank (IOB) entered into an agreement with National e-Governance Services Limited (NeSL) for utilizing its Information Utility Services envisaged under the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016.
More Details about IOB-NeSL tie-up:
i. State-owned NeSL is the first Information Utility entity registered with the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Board of India (IBBI) under the aegis of the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016.
ii. Information utility is an information network which procures and stores financial data like borrowings, default and security interests of various entities. It enables lenders in making decisions on credit transactions.
iii. Owing to this agreement, IOB branches will now be able to provide authenticated information about debts and defaults, thereby enhancing transparency in maintaining the list of borrowers, debtors, creditors and loan defaulters.
Quick Facts about IOB:
♦ Headquarters – Chennai, Tamil Nadu
♦ Current MD & CEO – R. Subramania Kumar
♦ Tagline – 'Good People to Grow With'
RBI makes Aadhaar key to KYC compliance
On April 20, 2018, Reserve Bank of India amended its 'know your customer' (KYC) guidelines, making Aadhaar mandatory for conducting customer due diligence by banks and finance companies.
RBI updates master direction on KYC (Know Your Customer) norms:
i. As per the circular, for the purpose of doing customer due diligence, all RBI regulated entities must obtain Aadhaar number, PAN or Form No. 60 from an individual who is eligible for enrolment of Aadhaar. As every citizen is eligible for Aadhaar, the rule will apply to all Indians.
ii. The mandatory Aadhaar norm will not apply to residents of Jammu and Kashmir, Assam and Meghalaya.
iii. In addition to this, RBI has also done away with sections relating to the use of other "officially valid documents" by banks and financial institutions for address and identity proof.
iv. However, any change in norms, will be subject to a final decision by the Supreme Court on matters related to Aadhaar.
India's growth expected to expand at 7.4 % in 2017-18: RBI Governor Urjit Patel
Reserve Bank of India (RBI) Governor Urjit Patel has stated that India's Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is expected to grow at 7.4% in 2018-19.
RBI Governor Urjit Patel's Outlook on Indian Economy:
i. Mr. Patel gave this statement while addressing the International Monetary Finance Committee in Washington D.C, US on April 21, 2018.
ii. He stated that global demand has been improving, which should encourage exports and boost fresh investments in 2018-19.
iii. According to Mr. Urjit Patel, Gross fiscal deficit (GFD) of the Central Government is budgeted at 3.3 per cent in 2018-19.
iv. He outlined that although GDP growth in 2017-18 moderated to 6.6 percent as compared to 7.1 percent in 2016-17, there was a strong rebound in the second half of 2017-18 on the back of a turnaround in investment demand.
TCS inches closer to become first Indian company with $100 bn market cap
On April 20 2018 , TCS moved closer to the USD 100 billion mark in market capitalisation as its share price surged nearly 7 per cent , adding about USD 6.2 billion to its valuation.
i. This has taken its market capitalisation (m-cap) to over Rs 6.50 lakh crore or around $98 billion. With this, the IT major emerges as the first Indian company with a market capitalisation of close to $100 billion.
ii. On NSE, shares of the company surged 6.54 per cent to its one-year high of Rs 3,399.90.The stock was the biggest gainer on both key indices, Sensex and Nifty.
iii. The firm's market valuation zoomed Rs 37,702.06 crore to Rs 6,45,880.63 crore.
Winners of the '1st Print Biennale India 2018' given away awards in New Delhi
The awards of Print Biennale India 2018 were given at a function in New Delhi on April 20, 2018.
Print Biennale India 2018 Awards:
i. 'Print Biennale India 2018', the first-ever International Exhibition of Graphic Prints was inaugurated in New Delhi on March 25, 2018.
ii. It was hosted by India's National Academy of Art, the Lalit Kala Akademi.
iii. The exhibition brought together participants from 17 countries such as USA, UK, Sri Lanka, Mexico, China, Sweden, Poland, Argentina, Greece, Bangladesh, and Mauritius.
iv. A total of 1126 entries of 415 artists across the globe (including 364 of Indian artists) were received.
v. Winners of the '1st Print Biennale India 2018': Arup Kumar Kuity (Andhra Pradesh), Satya Narayana Gavara (Andhra Pradesh), Purvi Parmar (Gujrat), Preya Bhagat (Uttar Pradesh) and Sonal Varshneya (Uttar Pradesh).
vi. In addition to above five awards, eight other printmakers were chosen for appreciation mention by the jury of the competition.
IOC President Thomas Bach presents memento to Abhinav Bindra, Vijender Singh
On Apr. 20 2018 , International Olympic Committee(IOC) president Thomas Bach presented a memento to Indian Olympic medallist shooter Abhinav Bindra and boxer Vijender Singh.
i. A dinner was hosted last night in honour of IOC president Bach during his second visit of India. On this occasion Union Sports Minister Rajyavardhan Singh Rathore, Indian Olympic Association (IOA) President Narinder Dhruv Batra, Association of National Olympic Committees (ANOC) President HE Sheikh Ahmad Al Sabah were also present.
ii. On this occasion IOC President presented a memento to Olympic gold medallist Abhinav Bindra and bronze medallist Vijender Singh. During the dinner former Indian Olympians and players were also present.
Boycott shooting from 2022 CWG huge setback for India: Abhinav Bindra
On April 19 2018, Indian Olympics Association President Narinder Batra calls for boycotting the 2022 Commonwealth Games over the absence of shooting from the event's roster are going a "bit too extreme".
i. The Birmingham Organising Committee has decided to exclude shooting from the 2022 Games. National Rifle Association of India (NRAI) president Raninder Singh had called for the 2022 Games' boycott if shooting was not reinstated at the next CWG.
ii. In the recent Gold Coast Common Wealth Games ,India has bagged 16 medals includes seven gold Medals.
iii. Shooting has been played in every edition since Kingston 1966, except once in Edinburgh in 1970 at CWG.
Former Brazil, Inter Milan goalkeeper Julio Cesar retires from football at boyhood club Flamengo
i. Julio Cesar, 38-year-old former Brazil, Inter Milan and Benfica goalkeeper has retired from football after playing a last match for boyhood club Flamengo.
ii. Cesar was a starter for Brazil in two of the last three World Cups.Julio Cesar honoured with five Italian titles and the 2010 Champions League title with Inter, three Portuguese titles with Benfica and the 2004 Copa America with Brazil.
Avicii, top electronic dance music artist, found dead at 28
i. Swedish DJ Avicii, one of the world's biggest dance music stars, has died in Oman at the age of 28. Avicii was an international pop star, performing his well-known electronic dance songs around the world
ii. The Grammy-nominated DJ and producer, born Tim Bergling, was best known for "Levels" and "Wake Me Up."
World's oldest person dies in Japan at age of 117
On April 22, 2018 The world's oldest person Nabi Tajima has died in southern Japan at the age of 117. Her town of Kikai is in Kagoshima prefecture on Kyushu, the southernmost of Japan's four main islands.
i. Tajima was born on August 4, 1900, and reportedly had more than 160 descendants, including great-great-great grandchildren.
ii. She became the world's oldest person seven months ago after the death of Violet Brown in Jamaica, also at the age of 117.
iii. US-based Gerontology Research Group announce that Japanese woman, Chiyo Yoshida, 116 years old ,is the next world's oldest person in its records.
President Receives the First Copy of "Adi Shankaracharya: Hinduism's Greatest Thinker"
On April 21,2018 The President of India, Shri Ram Nath Kovind, received the first copy of the book "Adi Shankaracharya: Hinduism's Greatest Thinker", from the author Shri Pavan Varma, at Rashtrapati Bhavan.
i. Adi Shankaracharya was born over 1,200 years ago in Kerala. He was a spiritual leader, a Vedantic philosopher, a monk, a scholar and an explorer. His contributions are continued to be a guide to everyday life.
ii. He established four Peethas – in the north, south, east and west. These Peethas were and are different – and at once they were and are the same. That is the beauty of India.
Nitish Kumar Launches 3 Books On Mahatma Gandhi's Champaran Movement
On April 22,2018 Bihar Chief Minister Nitish Kumar released three books based on Mahatma Gandhi's Champaran movement of 1917.
i. Nitish Kumar released the books titled- 'Mister M K Gandhi Ki Champaran Diary' written by Arvind Mohan, 'Champaran Andolan 1917' edited by Ashutosh Partheshwar and 'Pir Muhammad Munis: Kalam Ka Satyagrahi' collected and edited by Srikan.
ii. The Champaran movement is acknowledged as the first Satyagraha movement inspired by Mahatma Gandhi.
iii. Talking about the 1857 rebellion, the chief minister said that a three-day function is being organised from April 23, keeping in mind the important role played by Babu Veer Kuer Singh in the revolt.
World Earth Day – April 22
Earth Day is observed every year on April 22. It was first celebrated in 1970. The founder of Earth Day is Gaylord Nelson, a US senator from Wisconsin. Nelson, who had been witnessed the devastation caused by an enormous oil spill in Santa Barbara, California in 1969.
i. Theme of Earth Day 2018 – 'End Plastic Pollution'.
It is dedicated to providing the information and inspiration needed to fundamentally change human attitude and behavior about plastics.
ii. The importance of Earth Day is to increase the awareness among common public, especially among youngsters, to get full effect of the campaign of environmental safety.
Current Affairs Today 2018
Current Affairs Today April 2018
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Living churches always have a parking problem; dying churches don't. Living churches are constantly changing their methods; dying churches don't have to. Living churches have lots of noisy kids; dying churches are quiet. Living churches grow so fast you forget people's names; in dying churches you've known everyone's names for years.


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Shortfall checks sent out this week to NBA players
Jeff Zillgitt
USA TODAY Sports
NBA teams this week began delivering shortfall checks to players who were on the active or inactive list during the 2014-15 season, according to a memo obtained by USA TODAY Sports.
The payments to players were divided into shares based on the number of games spent on the active or inactive list. The shares were determined by the National Basketball Players Association, according to the memo.
Full shares to players who were on the active or inactive list for more than 41 games: $124,023
Half shares to players who were on the active or inactive list for more 20-40 games: $62,011
Quarter shares to players were on the active or inactive list for 1-19 games: $31,005
Total players salaries, as determined by the 2011 collective-bargaining agreement, were less than 50.39% of basketball-related income, and the NBA made a shortfall payment of $57,298,826 to the NBPA for distribution to players.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


England's penultimate home fixture at Twickenham, before heading off to Japan 2019, is the eagerly anticipated heavy weight clash with Grand Slam Champions – Wales. On the back of having derailed England's 6 Nations ambitions in Cardiff, with two late tries taking Wales past their century old record of consecutive wins, the stage is now set for an epic rematch.
England v Wales! Jones v Gatland! (Aussie v Kiwi)! All with the added fission of the World Cup just around the corner.


AMD plans to release its six-core Opteron processor by the second half of 2009, followed by a 12 core processor less than one year later.
Sunnyvale, Calif.-based Advanced Micro Devices Inc. (AMD) had difficulty getting its quad-core Opteron processor, Barcelona, out into the market. But now that Barcelona is shipping in volume, AMD has a 45-nanometer quad-core processor on deck and an updated roadmap that ends with a 12-core processor by the first half of 2010.
About six weeks ago, AMD started shipping Barcelona following a stumble due to an errata the company found and corrected before shipping the product en masse. The processor was supposed to ship in the second half of 2007.
Up next is Shanghai, AMD's first 45-nm quad-core processor. Shanghai is on track for production in the second half of this year and will feature HyperTransport 3.0 technology, a low-latency, high-speed link for processor-to-processor communication. It will also have three times the Level 3 cache of Barcelona, which is a 65-nm quad-core processor with 2 MB Level 3 cache. Shanghai will also run at idle levels 20% less than that of Barcelona and will have 10% more bandwidth support than Barcelona.
By the time those chips make it to market, I expect developers will be in a much better position to take advantage of their capabilities.
In the second half of 2009; Istanbul will follow, a six-core processor based on the same chipset and platform (Socket F) as Barcelona and Shanghai. It will also be a native processor (with all six cores on one piece of silicon), and like Shanghai, it will be a 45-nm processor with 6 MB of Level 3 cache and will use DDR2, or dual-channel, memory.
As is par for the current course, Santa Clara, Calif.-based Intel Corp.plans to release a six-core 45-nm processor on a single die, code-named Dunnington about a year ahead of AMD at the tail end of this year.
In the first half of 2010, though, the game changes. AMD plans to leap from six cores directly to 12 with a processor code-named Magny-Cours, skipping the eight-core processor altogether.
At that time, Intel expects to have an eight-core processor available with Nehalem.
The jump from six cores directly to 12 shouldn't pose problems for application developers, who, as SearchDataCenter.com has reported previously , are trying to catch up with processor development. And processor and server companies are doing everything they can to help get developers up to speed, said Charles King an analyst at Pund-IT Inc..
"IBM and Intel have been supporting multicore developer projects, and Sun has been aiding efforts around its multithreaded Niagara processors," King said. "AMD's decision to move to six- and 12-core designs may look a bit odd now, but by the time those chips make it to market I expect developers will be in a much better position to take advantage of their capabilities."
AMD's 12-core processor will be based on a new, third-generation AMD Opteron processor Socket G34 platform. It will be the marriage of two six-core processors stuck together – which AMD said it could not have done effectively with its dual-core processors to create quad-core, which Intel did, said Randy Allen, corporate vice president and general manager of AMD's server and workstations.
This is significant, because AMD has highlighted the fact that its quad-core processor is "native" -- that is, all four cores sit on one piece of silicon -- to differentiate it as superior compared with its competitor, Intel. Allen explains that sticking two six-core processors together to make a 12-core was possible because of advancements in technologies.
"With our quad-core Barcelona, we rejected the idea of putting two dual-cores together, because the performance would not have been what it is with a native processor. Intel went ahead with that scenario, and we believe they made some mistakes with that," Allen said. "With Magny-Cours, we found we could use two separate pieces to add features and meet near-mono-processor performance."
The Magny Cours processor – a code-name based on a Formula One racing site, like all of AMD's code names – will be a 45-nanometer processor with 12 MB of Level 3 cache, based on the new Maranello platform, which will use DDR-3 memory and include HyperTransport 3.0 and the virtualization technology, AMD-V, like its predecessors.
When Magny Cours hits the market, so will another six core processor code-named "Sao Paulo," based on the same new platform and chipset as Magny Cours, with DDR3 memory and HyperTransport capabilities.


Fashion Friday – Underwear As Outerwear.
Add some va va voom to your Friday!
This entry was posted on Friday, June 17th, 2016 at 7:48 am	and tagged with bra, camisole, fashion, fashion friday, kate moss, lingerie, moschino, slip, street style, style, underwear, underwear as outerwear and posted in Fashion Friday, Uncategorized.	You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed.
« Latest Painting Project – Cream & Taupe Painted Chest of Drawers.
Some items work out better than others!


The following review was written by Helen Kearney and was based on independent consultants' Manuela de Gasperi and Serena Zanella's framework for collaboration between child protection and education in humanitarian contexts and overview of the bottleneck analysis and rationale on bringing the two sectors together, which was presented at the 2018 INEE-Alliance Roundtable on integrating child protection and education.
In humanitarian settings around the world, teachers and education staff work side by side with child protection professionals to respond to the needs of children and youth affected by emergencies and forced displacement.
Practitioners know that education has a vital protective function. They also know that effective and holistic child protection can support access to education and improve educational outcomes. However, the potential of a collaborative approach across education and child protection has yet to be fully explored.
All agree that child protection and education should be working together. But are they doing so? If yes, where and how? Can we identify good practices that can be scaled up and replicated in new contexts? If no, where are the obstacles and how can they be overcome?
In practice, both child protection and educational practitioners report unsatisfactory levels of collaboration. They tell us that they work together in a patchy and unsystematic way. Collaboration is more prevalent at field level than at headquarters, but there is still vast room for improvement.
Why is this? Obstacles cited include the architecture of the humanitarian system; the lack of a rigorous evidence base; limited mutual understanding and inadequate funding. A defining similarity between Education in Emergencies and Child Protection in Humanitarian Action is the struggle for recognition in the wider humanitarian community. Evidence and experience show that both education and child protection save lives, now and later. Nonetheless, there is an ongoing struggle for acceptance.
The way in which the two sectors typically work in humanitarian contexts also presents some potentially challenging differences. For example, at the country level, not all countries have national-level child protection services with shared case management systems, whereas every country has a Ministry for Education or equivalent. In practice, this means that the entry points for the two sectors' are often different, with child protection activities focusing primarily at the individual and community levels.
Where are the opportunities to improve? The research highlighted several important ways in which education and child protection can work together more effectively. In prevention and preparedness: protection messaging can be incorporated into lessons. Schools can play an essential role in the prevention of multiple child protection risks, including child recruitment, child labour and harmful traditional practices. Furthermore, school can promote essential Disaster Risk Reduction messaging, as well as peace education.
During the response phase, child protection and education need to work together to make learning environments safer and more protective. For example, the education system has a crucial role to play in the reintegration of children formerly associated with armed forces and armed groups, but this requires expert support from child protection colleagues. Working together, education and child protection professionals need to reinforce and clarify referral pathways. It is also important that this collaboration continues both in and out of the physical school environment: we know that children out of the formal education system are among the most at-risk, and that protection issues outside school e.g. sexual violence on the way to school, often go unreported and can have serious impacts on educational outcomes.


Using too much fertilizer can damage or even kill your lawn and garden plants. This article answers the question, "What is fertilizer burn?" and describes the fertilizer burn symptoms as well as how to prevent and treat it.
Simply put, fertilizer burn is a condition that results in the burning or scorching of plant foliage. Fertilizer burn is the result of over fertilizing plants or applying fertilizer to wet foliage. Fertilizer contains salts, which draw moisture out of plants. When you apply excess fertilizer to plants, the result is yellow or brown discoloration and root damage.
Fertilizer burn symptoms may appear within a day or two, or it may take a couple of weeks if you use a slow-release fertilizer. Symptoms include yellowing, browning and withering. In lawns, you may see white, yellow or brown streaks that follow the pattern in which you applied the fertilizer.
Fertilize each plant according to its needs. You won't get better results when you use more fertilizer and you run the risk of damaging or killing your plants.
Slow-release fertilizer reduces the chances of fertilizer burn of plants by releasing the salts into the soil gradually rather than all at once.
Fertilizing your plants with compost eliminates the risk of fertilizer burn. Most plants thrive when fed with a 1- to 2-inch layer of compost once or twice a year.
Plants are more susceptible to fertilizer burn during a drought because the fertilizer will become more concentrated in the soil. Wait until moisture conditions improve.
Never fertilize wet lawns or allow fertilizer to come in contact with wet leaves.
Water deeply and thoroughly after applying granular fertilizer to rinse the fertilizer off the plants and allow the salts to distribute themselves evenly in the soil.
If you suspect you may have over fertilized your plants, treat the area as soon as possible. Treat spillage by scooping up as much of the fertilizer as possible. The only thing you can do for over fertilized soil is flush the soil with as much water as it will hold over the next few days.
Don't allow the water to run off. Toxic runoff can contaminate nearby areas and may get into waterways where it causes substantial damage to the environment. Water slowly to allow the water to sink in rather than run off.


text:
Q: Delete allocated memory after moving the pointer to to other place I am doing removing element of a binary tree, and it reduces to the following problem:
A* a = new A(); // memory allocated to a
A* b = new A();
a = b; // now a and b points to both same memory

How do I free the initial memory of a?
This is my code in removing element val in a BST. Is it having memory leaking problem, especially in the case of one child only?
Node* remove_helper(Node* n , int value)
{
    if (n == NULL)
        return NULL;
    if (value < n->value)
        n->left = remove_helper(n->left, value);
    else if (value > n->value)
        n->right = remove_helper(n->right, value);
    else {
        if (n->left == NULL && n->right == NULL) {
            delete n;
            return NULL;
        }

        if (n->left == NULL) {
            return n->right;
        }
        else if (n->right == NULL) {
            return n->left;
        }
        else {
            Node* tmp = n;
            n = rightMostChild(n->left);
            n->left = rightMostDelete(tmp->left);
            n->right = tmp->right;
        }
    }
    return n;
};

A: You have to free a before you assign b to it.
A* a = new A(); // memory allocated to a
A* b = new A();
delete a;
a = b; // now a and b points to both same memory

Or, since you're using C++, use a smart pointer.
auto a = std::make_shared<A>();
auto b = std::make_shared<A>();
a = b; // the original instance of `A` pointed to by `a` will be deleted
       // when b is assigned.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Tehillim, with the Metzudat David and Metzudat Tzion commentaries, and Maamadot. Zhitomir: R. Chanina Lipa and R. Yehoshua Heshel Shapira, grandsons of the rabbi of Slavita, 1855.
Title page printed in red and black.
, 172 leaves. 20 cm. Fair condition. Stains. Dark stains and traces of past dampness to some leaves. Wear and distinct signs of use to most leaves. Light worming to first leaves. Tears and damage to margins of title page and to second leaf, slightly affecting border, repaired with paper. Damage and tears to a few other leaves, slightly affecting text, repaired. Stamps. New leather binding.
This edition is bibliographically unknown.


text:
using System;
using System.Collections.Concurrent;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Options;
using Orleans;
using Orleans.Configuration;
using Xunit;

namespace Tester
{
    [TestCategory("BVT")]
    public class LogFomatterTests
    {
        [Fact]
        public void CanResolveFormatter()
        {
            // expected output
            TestLoggerFactory expected = BuildOptionsExpectedResult();

            // actual output
            var services = new ServiceCollection();
            services.AddOptions();
            services.AddSingleton<TestLoggerFactory>();
            services.AddSingleton<ILoggerFactory>(sp => sp.GetRequiredService<TestLoggerFactory>());
            services.AddSingleton(typeof(ILogger<>), typeof(TestLogger<>));
            services.AddSingleton<OptionsLogger, TestOptionsLogger>();
            services.Configure<TestOptions>(options => options.IntField = 1);
            services.ConfigureFormatter<TestOptions, TestOptionsFormatter>();
            var servicesProvider = services.BuildServiceProvider();
            servicesProvider.GetRequiredService<OptionsLogger>().LogOptions();

            var logFormatters = servicesProvider.GetServices<IOptionFormatter>();
            Assert.Single(logFormatters);
            Assert.True(logFormatters.First() is TestOptionsFormatter);
            Assert.True(logFormatters.First() is IOptionFormatter<TestOptions>);
            // ensure logging output is as expected
            var actual = servicesProvider.GetRequiredService<TestLoggerFactory>();
            Assert.Equal(expected.ToString(), actual.ToString());
        }

        [Fact]
        public void CanResolveGenericFormatter()
        {
            // expected output
            TestLoggerFactory expected = BuildOptionsExpectedResult();

            // actual output
            var services = new ServiceCollection();
            services.AddOptions();
            services.AddSingleton<TestLoggerFactory>();
            services.AddSingleton<ILoggerFactory>(sp => sp.GetRequiredService<TestLoggerFactory>());
            services.AddSingleton(typeof(ILogger<>), typeof(TestLogger<>));
            services.AddSingleton(typeof(IOptionFormatter<>), typeof(DefaultOptionsFormatter<>));
            services.AddSingleton<OptionsLogger, TestOptionsLogger>();
            services.Configure<TestOptions>(options => options.IntField = 1);
            services.ConfigureFormatter<TestOptions>();
            var servicesProvider = services.BuildServiceProvider();
            servicesProvider.GetRequiredService<OptionsLogger>().LogOptions();

            var logFormatters = servicesProvider.GetServices<IOptionFormatter>();
            Assert.Single(logFormatters);
            Assert.True(logFormatters.First() is IOptionFormatter<TestOptions>);
            // ensure logging output is as expected
            var actual = servicesProvider.GetRequiredService<TestLoggerFactory>();
            Assert.Equal(expected.ToString(), actual.ToString());
        }

        [Fact]
        public void GenericFormatterRedact()
        {
            // actual output
            var services = new ServiceCollection();
            services.AddOptions();
            services.AddSingleton<TestLoggerFactory>();
            services.AddSingleton<ILoggerFactory>(sp => sp.GetRequiredService<TestLoggerFactory>());
            services.AddSingleton(typeof(ILogger<>), typeof(TestLogger<>));
            services.AddSingleton(typeof(IOptionFormatter<>), typeof(DefaultOptionsFormatter<>));
            services.AddSingleton<OptionsLogger, TestOptionsLogger>();
            services.Configure<TestOptionsWithSecrets>(options => {
                options.Data = "Hello";
                options.Password = "v3ryS3cur3!!!";
                options.SomeConnectionString = "DefaultEndpointsProtocol=https;AccountName=someAccount;AccountKey=someKey;EndpointSuffix=core.windows.net";
            });
            services.ConfigureFormatter<TestOptionsWithSecrets>();
            var servicesProvider = services.BuildServiceProvider();
            servicesProvider.GetRequiredService<OptionsLogger>().LogOptions();

            var logFormatters = servicesProvider.GetServices<IOptionFormatter>();
            Assert.Single(logFormatters);
            Assert.True(logFormatters.First() is IOptionFormatter<TestOptionsWithSecrets>);
            // ensure logging output is as expected
            var actual = servicesProvider.GetRequiredService<TestLoggerFactory>();
            Assert.Contains("Hello", actual.ToString());
            Assert.Contains("Password: REDACTED", actual.ToString());
            Assert.Contains("SomeConnectionString: DefaultEndpointsProtocol=https;AccountName=someAccount;AccountKey=<--SNIP-->", actual.ToString());
        }

        [Fact]
        public void GenericFormatterWithListAndDictionary()
        {
            // actual output
            var services = new ServiceCollection();
            services.AddOptions();
            services.AddSingleton<TestLoggerFactory>();
            services.AddSingleton<ILoggerFactory>(sp => sp.GetRequiredService<TestLoggerFactory>());
            services.AddSingleton(typeof(ILogger<>), typeof(TestLogger<>));
            services.AddSingleton(typeof(IOptionFormatter<>), typeof(DefaultOptionsFormatter<>));
            services.AddSingleton<OptionsLogger, TestOptionsLogger>();
            services.Configure<TestOptionsWithListAndDictionary>(options => {
                options.SomeDictionary.Add("Account1", "Key1");
                options.SomeDictionary.Add("Account2", "Key2");
                options.SomeDictionary.Add("Account3", "Key3");
                options.SomeList.Add(10);
                options.SomeList.Add(11);
            });
            services.ConfigureFormatter<TestOptionsWithListAndDictionary>();
            var servicesProvider = services.BuildServiceProvider();
            servicesProvider.GetRequiredService<OptionsLogger>().LogOptions();

            var logFormatters = servicesProvider.GetServices<IOptionFormatter>();
            Assert.Single(logFormatters);
            Assert.True(logFormatters.First() is IOptionFormatter<TestOptionsWithListAndDictionary>);
            // ensure logging output is as expected
            var actual = servicesProvider.GetRequiredService<TestLoggerFactory>();
            var txt = actual.ToString();
            Assert.Contains("SomeList.0: 10", actual.ToString());
            Assert.Contains("SomeList.1: 11", actual.ToString());
            Assert.Contains("SomeDictionary.Account1: Key1", actual.ToString());
            Assert.Contains("SomeDictionary.Account2: Key2", actual.ToString());
            Assert.Contains("SomeDictionary.Account3: Key3", actual.ToString());
            Assert.Contains("NullList:", actual.ToString());
            Assert.Contains("NullDictionary:", actual.ToString());
        }

        [Fact]
        public void FormatterConfiguredTwiceDoesNotLeadToDuplicatedFormatter()
        {
            // expected output
            TestLoggerFactory expected = BuildOptionsExpectedResult();

            // actual output
            var services = new ServiceCollection();
            services.AddOptions();
            services.AddSingleton<TestLoggerFactory>();
            services.AddSingleton<ILoggerFactory>(sp => sp.GetRequiredService<TestLoggerFactory>());
            services.AddSingleton(typeof(ILogger<>), typeof(TestLogger<>));
            services.AddSingleton<OptionsLogger, TestOptionsLogger>();
            services.Configure<TestOptions>(options => options.IntField = 1);
            services.ConfigureFormatter<TestOptions, TestOptionsFormatter2>();
            //the formatter configured second time will override the first one in DI and
            //DI will end up with two formatter for the same option
            services.ConfigureFormatter<TestOptions, TestOptionsFormatter>();
            var servicesProvider = services.BuildServiceProvider();
            servicesProvider.GetRequiredService<OptionsLogger>().LogOptions();

            // only one options formater and it points to the right one
            var logFormatters = servicesProvider.GetServices<IOptionFormatter>();
            Assert.Single(logFormatters);
            Assert.True(logFormatters.First() is TestOptionsFormatter);
            Assert.True(logFormatters.First() is IOptionFormatter<TestOptions>);
            // when resolving singe type specific formatter, we get the right one
            var logFormatter = servicesProvider.GetService<IOptionFormatter<TestOptions>>();
            Assert.True(logFormatter is TestOptionsFormatter);
            // ensure logging output is as expected
            var actual = servicesProvider.GetRequiredService<TestLoggerFactory>();
            Assert.Equal(expected.ToString(), actual.ToString());
        }

        [Fact]
        public void CustomFormatterOverridesDefaultFormatter_PreRegistration()
        {
            // expected output
            TestLoggerFactory expected = BuildOptionsExpectedResult();

            // actual output
            var services = new ServiceCollection();
            services.AddOptions();
            services.AddSingleton<TestLoggerFactory>();
            services.AddSingleton<ILoggerFactory>(sp => sp.GetRequiredService<TestLoggerFactory>());
            services.AddSingleton(typeof(ILogger<>), typeof(TestLogger<>));
            services.AddSingleton<OptionsLogger, TestOptionsLogger>();
            services.Configure<TestOptions>(options => options.IntField = 1);
            // pre register overrides
            services.ConfigureFormatter<TestOptions, TestOptionsFormatter>();
            // default
            services.TryConfigureFormatter<TestOptions, TestOptionsFormatter2>();
            var servicesProvider = services.BuildServiceProvider();
            servicesProvider.GetRequiredService<OptionsLogger>().LogOptions();

            var logFormatters = servicesProvider.GetServices<IOptionFormatter>();
            Assert.Single(logFormatters);
            Assert.True(logFormatters.First() is TestOptionsFormatter);
            Assert.True(logFormatters.First() is IOptionFormatter<TestOptions>);
            // ensure logging output is as expected
            var actual = servicesProvider.GetRequiredService<TestLoggerFactory>();
            Assert.Equal(expected.ToString(), actual.ToString());
        }

        [Fact]
        public void CustomFormatterOverridesDefaultFormatter_PostRegistration()
        {
            // expected output
            TestLoggerFactory expected = BuildOptionsExpectedResult();

            // actual output
            var services = new ServiceCollection();
            services.AddOptions();
            services.AddSingleton<TestLoggerFactory>();
            services.AddSingleton<ILoggerFactory>(sp => sp.GetRequiredService<TestLoggerFactory>());
            services.AddSingleton(typeof(ILogger<>), typeof(TestLogger<>));
            services.AddSingleton<OptionsLogger, TestOptionsLogger>();
            services.Configure<TestOptions>(options => options.IntField = 1);
            // default
            services.TryConfigureFormatter<TestOptions, TestOptionsFormatter2>();
            // post register overrides
            services.ConfigureFormatter<TestOptions, TestOptionsFormatter>();
            var servicesProvider = services.BuildServiceProvider();
            servicesProvider.GetRequiredService<OptionsLogger>().LogOptions();

            var logFormatters = servicesProvider.GetServices<IOptionFormatter>();
            Assert.Single(logFormatters);
            Assert.True(logFormatters.First() is TestOptionsFormatter);
            Assert.True(logFormatters.First() is IOptionFormatter<TestOptions>);
            // when resolving singe type specific formatter, we get the right one
            var logFormatter = servicesProvider.GetService<IOptionFormatter<TestOptions>>();
            Assert.True(logFormatter is TestOptionsFormatter);
            // ensure logging output is as expected
            var actual = servicesProvider.GetRequiredService<TestLoggerFactory>();
            Assert.Equal(expected.ToString(), actual.ToString());
        }

        [Fact]
        public void NamedFormatterGoldenPath()
        {
            // expected output
            TestLoggerFactory expected = BuildNamedOptionsExpectedResult();

            // actual output
            var services = new ServiceCollection();
            services.AddOptions();
            services.AddSingleton<TestLoggerFactory>();
            services.AddSingleton<ILoggerFactory>(sp => sp.GetRequiredService<TestLoggerFactory>());
            services.AddSingleton(typeof(ILogger<>), typeof(TestLogger<>));
            services.AddSingleton<OptionsLogger, TestOptionsLogger>();
            services.ConfigureFormatterResolver<TestOptions, TestOptionsFormatter.Resolver>();
            Enumerable
                .Range(1, 3)
                .ToList()
                .ForEach(i =>
                {
                    string name = i.ToString();
                    services.Configure<TestOptions>(name, (options => options.IntField = i));
                    services.ConfigureNamedOptionForLogging<TestOptions>(name);
                });
            var servicesProvider = services.BuildServiceProvider();
            servicesProvider.GetRequiredService<OptionsLogger>().LogOptions();

            var logFormatters = servicesProvider.GetServices<IOptionFormatter>();
            Assert.Equal(3, logFormatters.Count());
            Assert.True(logFormatters.First() is TestOptionsFormatter);
            Assert.True(logFormatters.ElementAt(1) is TestOptionsFormatter);
            Assert.True(logFormatters.ElementAt(2) is TestOptionsFormatter);
            var logFormatter = servicesProvider.GetService<IOptionFormatterResolver<TestOptions>>();
            Assert.True(logFormatter is TestOptionsFormatter.Resolver);
            var actual = servicesProvider.GetRequiredService<TestLoggerFactory>();
            Assert.Equal(expected.ToString(), actual.ToString());
        }

        [Fact]
        public void NamedGenericFormatterGoldenPath()
        {
            // expected output
            TestLoggerFactory expected = BuildNamedOptionsExpectedResult();

            // actual output
            var services = new ServiceCollection();
            services.AddOptions();
            services.AddSingleton<TestLoggerFactory>();
            services.AddSingleton<ILoggerFactory>(sp => sp.GetRequiredService<TestLoggerFactory>());
            services.AddSingleton(typeof(ILogger<>), typeof(TestLogger<>));
            services.AddSingleton(typeof(IOptionFormatter<>), typeof(DefaultOptionsFormatter<>));
            services.AddSingleton(typeof(IOptionFormatterResolver<>), typeof(DefaultOptionsFormatterResolver<>));
            services.AddSingleton<OptionsLogger, TestOptionsLogger>();
            Enumerable
                .Range(1, 3)
                .ToList()
                .ForEach(i =>
                {
                    string name = i.ToString();
                    services.Configure<TestOptions>(name, (options => options.IntField = i));
                    services.ConfigureNamedOptionForLogging<TestOptions>(name);
                });
            var servicesProvider = services.BuildServiceProvider();
            servicesProvider.GetRequiredService<OptionsLogger>().LogOptions();

            var logFormatters = servicesProvider.GetServices<IOptionFormatter>();
            Assert.Equal(3, logFormatters.Count());
            var logFormatter = servicesProvider.GetService<IOptionFormatterResolver<TestOptions>>();
            var actual = servicesProvider.GetRequiredService<TestLoggerFactory>();
            Assert.Equal(expected.ToString(), actual.ToString());
        }

        [Fact]
        public void CustomFormatterResolverOverridesDefaultFormatter_PreRegistration()
        {
            // expected output
            TestLoggerFactory expected = BuildNamedOptionsExpectedResult();

            // actual output
            var services = new ServiceCollection();
            services.AddOptions();
            services.AddSingleton<TestLoggerFactory>();
            services.AddSingleton<ILoggerFactory>(sp => sp.GetRequiredService<TestLoggerFactory>());
            services.AddSingleton(typeof(ILogger<>), typeof(TestLogger<>));
            services.AddSingleton<OptionsLogger, TestOptionsLogger>();
            // pre register overrides
            services.ConfigureFormatterResolver<TestOptions, TestOptionsFormatter.Resolver>();
            // configure options
            Enumerable
                .Range(1, 3)
                .ToList()
                .ForEach(i =>
                {
                    string name = i.ToString();
                    services.Configure<TestOptions>(name, (options => options.IntField = i));
                    services.ConfigureNamedOptionForLogging<TestOptions>(name);
                });
            // default
            services.TryConfigureFormatterResolver<TestOptions, TestOptionsFormatter2.Resolver>();
            var servicesProvider = services.BuildServiceProvider();
            servicesProvider.GetRequiredService<OptionsLogger>().LogOptions();

            var logFormatters = servicesProvider.GetServices<IOptionFormatter>();
            Assert.Equal(3, logFormatters.Count());
            Assert.True(logFormatters.First() is TestOptionsFormatter);
            Assert.True(logFormatters.ElementAt(1) is TestOptionsFormatter);
            Assert.True(logFormatters.ElementAt(2) is TestOptionsFormatter);
            var logFormatter = servicesProvider.GetService<IOptionFormatterResolver<TestOptions>>();
            Assert.True(logFormatter is TestOptionsFormatter.Resolver);
            var actual = servicesProvider.GetRequiredService<TestLoggerFactory>();
            Assert.Equal(expected.ToString(), actual.ToString());
        }

        [Fact]
        public void CustomFormatterResolverOverridesDefaultFormatter_PostRegistration()
        {
            // expected output
            TestLoggerFactory expected = BuildNamedOptionsExpectedResult();

            // actual output
            var services = new ServiceCollection();
            services.AddOptions();
            services.AddSingleton<TestLoggerFactory>();
            services.AddSingleton<ILoggerFactory>(sp => sp.GetRequiredService<TestLoggerFactory>());
            services.AddSingleton(typeof(ILogger<>), typeof(TestLogger<>));
            services.AddSingleton<OptionsLogger, TestOptionsLogger>();
            // defaults
            services.TryConfigureFormatterResolver<TestOptions, TestOptionsFormatter2.Resolver>();
            // configure options
            Enumerable
                .Range(1, 3)
                .ToList()
                .ForEach(i =>
                {
                    string name = i.ToString();
                    services.Configure<TestOptions>(name, (options => options.IntField = i));
                    services.ConfigureNamedOptionForLogging<TestOptions>(name);
                });
            // post register overrides
            services.ConfigureFormatterResolver<TestOptions, TestOptionsFormatter.Resolver>();
            var servicesProvider = services.BuildServiceProvider();
            servicesProvider.GetRequiredService<OptionsLogger>().LogOptions();

            var logFormatters = servicesProvider.GetServices<IOptionFormatter>();
            Assert.Equal(3, logFormatters.Count());
            Assert.True(logFormatters.First() is TestOptionsFormatter);
            Assert.True(logFormatters.ElementAt(1) is TestOptionsFormatter);
            Assert.True(logFormatters.ElementAt(2) is TestOptionsFormatter);
            var logFormatter = servicesProvider.GetService<IOptionFormatterResolver<TestOptions>>();
            Assert.True(logFormatter is TestOptionsFormatter.Resolver);
            var actual = servicesProvider.GetRequiredService<TestLoggerFactory>();
            Assert.Equal(expected.ToString(), actual.ToString());
        }

        private TestLoggerFactory BuildOptionsExpectedResult()
        {
            var services = new ServiceCollection();
            var testOptions = new TestOptions
            {
                IntField = 1
            };
            var expected = new TestLoggerFactory();
            var formatter = new TestOptionsFormatter(Options.Create(testOptions));
            var optionsLogger = new TestOptionsLogger(expected.CreateLogger<TestOptionsLogger>(), services.BuildServiceProvider());
            optionsLogger.LogOption(formatter);
            return expected;
        }

        private TestLoggerFactory BuildNamedOptionsExpectedResult()
        {
            var services = new ServiceCollection();
            IOptionFormatter[] formatters = Enumerable
                .Range(1, 3)
                .Select(i =>  TestOptionsFormatter.CreateNamed(i.ToString(), Options.Create(new TestOptions { IntField = i })))
                .ToArray<IOptionFormatter>();
            var expected = new TestLoggerFactory();
            var optionsLogger = new TestOptionsLogger(expected.CreateLogger<TestOptionsLogger>(), services.BuildServiceProvider());
            optionsLogger.LogOptions(formatters);
            return expected;
        }

        private class TestOptionsWithSecrets
        {
            [Redact()]
            public string Password { get; set; }

            public string Data { get; set; }

            [RedactConnectionString()]
            public string SomeConnectionString { get; set; }
        }

        private class TestOptions
        {
            public int IntField { get; set; } = 0;
        }

        private class TestOptionsWithListAndDictionary
        {
            public List<int> SomeList { get; set; } = new List<int>();

            public Dictionary<string, string> SomeDictionary { get; set; } = new Dictionary<string, string>();

            public List<int> NullList { get; set; } = null;

            public Dictionary<string, string> NullDictionary { get; set; } = null;
        }

        private class TestOptionsFormatter2 : IOptionFormatter<TestOptions>
        {
            public string Name { get; private set; }

            private TestOptions options;
            public TestOptionsFormatter2(IOptions<TestOptions> options)
            {
                this.options = options.Value;
                this.Name = nameof(TestOptions);
            }

            public static TestOptionsFormatter2 CreateNamed(string name, IOptions<TestOptions> options)
            {
                var result = new TestOptionsFormatter2(options);
                // different format
                result.Name = $"{nameof(TestOptions)}+{name}";
                return result;
            }

            public IEnumerable<string> Format()
            {
                return new List<string>()
                {
                    // different format
                    OptionFormattingUtilities.Format(nameof(options.IntField), options.IntField, "{0}=>{1}")
                };
            }

            public class Resolver : IOptionFormatterResolver<TestOptions>
            {
                private readonly IOptionsSnapshot<TestOptions> optionsSnapshot;
                public Resolver(IOptionsSnapshot<TestOptions> optionsSnapshot)
                {
                    this.optionsSnapshot = optionsSnapshot;
                }

                public IOptionFormatter<TestOptions> Resolve(string name)
                {
                    return TestOptionsFormatter2.CreateNamed(name, Options.Create(this.optionsSnapshot.Get(name)));
                }
            }
        }

        private class TestOptionsFormatter : IOptionFormatter<TestOptions>
        {
            public string Name { get; private set; }

            private TestOptions options;
            public TestOptionsFormatter(IOptions<TestOptions> options)
            {
                this.options = options.Value;
                this.Name = typeof(TestOptions).FullName;
            }

            public static TestOptionsFormatter CreateNamed(string name, IOptions<TestOptions> options)
            {
                var result = new TestOptionsFormatter(options);
                result.Name = $"{typeof(TestOptions).FullName}-{name}";
                return result;
            }

            public IEnumerable<string> Format()
            {
                return new List<string>()
                {
                    OptionFormattingUtilities.Format(nameof(options.IntField), options.IntField)
                };
            }

            public class Resolver : IOptionFormatterResolver<TestOptions>
            {
                private readonly IOptionsSnapshot<TestOptions> optionsSnapshot;
                public Resolver(IOptionsSnapshot<TestOptions> optionsSnapshot)
                {
                    this.optionsSnapshot = optionsSnapshot;
                }

                public IOptionFormatter<TestOptions> Resolve(string name)
                {
                    return TestOptionsFormatter.CreateNamed(name, Options.Create(this.optionsSnapshot.Get(name)));
                }
            }
        }

        private class TestLoggerFactory : ILoggerFactory
        {
            private readonly ConcurrentDictionary<string, Logger> loggers = new ConcurrentDictionary<string, Logger>();

            public void AddProvider(ILoggerProvider provider)
            {
                throw new NotImplementedException();
            }

            public ILogger CreateLogger(string categoryName)
            {
                return this.loggers.GetOrAdd(categoryName, new Logger());
            }

            public void Dispose()
            {
            }

            public override string ToString()
            {
                return string.Join(":", this.loggers.Select(kvp => $"{kvp.Key} =\n{kvp.Value.ToString()}\n"));
            }

            private class Logger : ILogger
            {
                private readonly List<string> entries = new List<string>();

                public IDisposable BeginScope<TState>(TState state)
                {
                    throw new NotImplementedException();
                }

                public override string ToString()
                {
                    return string.Join(";", this.entries);
                }

                public bool IsEnabled(LogLevel logLevel)
                {
                    return true;
                }

                public void Log<TState>(LogLevel logLevel, EventId eventId, TState state, Exception exception, Func<TState, Exception, string> formatter)
                {
                    entries.Add(formatter(state, exception));
                }
            }
        }

        private class TestLogger<T> : ILogger<T>
        {
            private readonly ILogger<T> logger;

            public TestLogger(ILoggerFactory loggerFactory)
            {
                this.logger = loggerFactory.CreateLogger<T>();
            }

            public IDisposable BeginScope<TState>(TState state)
            {
                return logger.BeginScope<TState>(state);
            }

            public bool IsEnabled(LogLevel logLevel)
            {
                return logger.IsEnabled(logLevel);
            }

            public void Log<TState>(LogLevel logLevel, EventId eventId, TState state, Exception exception, Func<TState, Exception, string> formatter)
            {
                logger.Log<TState>(logLevel, eventId, state, exception, formatter);
            }
        }

        private class TestOptionsLogger : OptionsLogger
        {
            public TestOptionsLogger(ILogger<TestOptionsLogger> logger, IServiceProvider services)
                : base(logger, services)
            {
            }
        }
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


During the month of February, undergraduate students have the opportunity to engage in evening discussion with Dean Hill every Wednesday from 5:15-6:00 pm. Aided by various BU faculty and staff members, the topics include: "God on Campus," "The Song of Solomon: Celebrations of Young Love in Religion," "Politics, Faith and Struggle: Issues of War and Peace," and a concluding discussion on social justice which is followed the next day by the opportunity to participate in a brief community service activity. Light refreshments are served. Come prepared to jump into great conversation with the Dean, Marsh Associates, prominent members of the BU faculty, and other undergraduates.


As goes the City, so goes Salem with bills on the legislative docket for rent control and densification. Mayor Ted Wheeler indicates support for the bills similar to Portland proposals to address housing shortages and lower rents despite their lack of affordability guarantees.
Tina Kotek's House Bill 2001 mirrors Portland's Residential Infill Proposal (RIP) by allowing up to four units on all single family residential lots in towns of at least 10,000. She positions it as parity – a way to give all income levels a shot at housing options, but her characterization of critics as racists has raised hackles.
Critics counter that the bill itself is a racist practice that destabilizes minority communities and displaces the voiceless. They point to Seattle and San Francisco where RIP-style upzoning pushed out long-time residents, much as the gentrification of Portland's Albina neighborhood did to the black community here.
James Peterson, the muscle behind a legal challenge to RIP, slams HB 2001 for undermining local zoning, landuse, environmental policies, comprehensive plans, transportation and infrastructure.
On the Senate side, a rent protection bill caps hikes at 7%. Tenant advocates claim the cap is insufficient. Others add that the bill's exemption of buildings less than fifteen years old is a "giveaway to the construction and redevelopment" industry, discouraging investment in existing affordable housing to make way for new builds. They cite rent control failure elsewhere and its lack of testing here.
As sides line up, bill supporters have backing from deep-pocketed investors with influence over politicians, non-profits like 1000 Friends of Oregon and media outlets, according to critics who claim The Oregonian, Willamette Week and other publications have closed ranks behind advertisers with development interests. They call rationales about protecting Oregon's urban growth boundaries from suburban sprawls bogus because build-ready land exists within UGBs without ripping up neighborhoods and towns.
Some observers dismiss the state bills as non-starters that will not play well in Oregon's small towns. A scathing nine page letter submitted to state rep Alissa Keny-Guyer by environmentalist Paul Conte calls the house bill a usurpation of local authority that undermines covenants and may contribute to climate change caused by increased congestion and tree-denuded heat islands.
In Portland, where Infill has traction, critics push for environmentally sustainable growth alternatives such as internal conversions of existing homes that preserve trees, gardens, and that vanishing breathing room once called yards.
Meanwhile, vacancies rise even as high end construction costs fail to fall far enough. With most new builds charging top dollar, one out of every three Oregonians spends more than 50% of their income on housing.


What If I Don't Want 6 Pack Abs?
Welcome to My Bedroom Gym!
Want To Be the Best You Can Be? StrongCamp Might Be Your Answer!
Can You Force Someone to be Healthy?
What's In This PolitiChick's Purse?
The President's "Affordable" Healthcare Act is apparently so "affordable" that he now expects you to cut your cable and other household spending, just to pay for it.
Dr. Annette Bosworth: "I can stand up & run for US Senate or watch healthcare dissolve"
Will Christian Health Care Co-Ops Count As Obamacare Alternative?


text:
Inspiring articles and informative material covering Messianic Judaism, Israel, lifestyle, theology, resource reviews, and much more…
Messiah Magazine Is Back!
Don't miss this issue of Messiah Magazine, featuring a submission from Kim Campbell on her journey to Torah with her late husband, Glen, a recounting of the formation of the early Messianic Jewish band The Liberated Wailing Wall, and a firsthand account of the shocking rocket attacks in Israel this year.
Remembrance and Repentance
It has been said that the wise man is he who knows his limitations. The way of Christianity for the past two thousand years has seemed right to Christians, but not to those who look at it as hypocritical in its failure to act out its fundamental teachings while such an enormous catastrophe occurred in its midst.
4-min
Outside the Circle
Every year in Israel ceremonies are held throughout the country to commence Yom HaShoah, a day of remembrance for those who perished in the Holocaust. This year, due to Covid-19 restrictions, Israel will be conducting ceremonies online instead of in large gatherings.
FFOZ in Spanish
We are proud to announce the debut of Spanish resources. Our books Restoration and God-Fearers are now available for purchase from the FFOZ webstore. These releases are just the first—testing the water so to speak—with plans for more to come. A Spanish translation of HaYesod: The Foundation is already complete and being prepared for release.
Ways to Get Your Husband to Read Adam Loves Eve
You can't say, I read this book and really enjoyed it; I think you should read it too. That won't work because women aren't supposed to read Adam Loves Eve. It's a book for men only. So how does a wife get her husband to read the new book from First Fruits of Zion?
A Place on the Shelf
There to my surprise was a used copy of the DHE on a shelf in the Judaica section. Not only that, it was on a shelf marked "Jewish Holy Books." My wife Shannon and my son Aharon and I all took a double-take. It was remarkable. There it was sitting under the Zohar and next to the Tanach. I couldn't believe it.
The Book We Nearly Didn't Publish
First Fruits of Zion never seems to choose the easy road. Our perspectives seem to be ever controversial, and all the more so as the broader culture slips further and further away from a biblical worldview. We stand in an uncomfortable place, but frankly, I would not be comfortable if we were teaching comfortable things.
The Free Teaching Magazine by First Fruits of Zion
Another new issue of Messiah Magazine has just rolled off our presses. Did you know that you can get Messiah Magazine free wherever you are? This flagship publication is produced in print and digital formats, and you can get at least one of these editions free.
The Only Bad Thing in the Universe
The only thing in creation that God declared to be "not good" was man's loneliness. It's not good for man to be alone because a married man receives extra favor and grace from the LORD: "He who finds a wife finds a good thing and obtains favor from the LORD" (Proverbs 18:22).
Why the New Haggadah Is Only $2 Each*
A Passover Seder is a uniquely eye-opening event. We developed The Master's Table: A Passover Encounter for Christians to reach out to as many people as possible with the beauty and truth of God's appointed times, his commitment to Israel, and the true Jewish identity of Yeshua the Messiah. Now we need your help.
'First Fruits' in China
First Fruits of Zion teachers Boaz Michael and Daniel Lancaster visit Hong Kong to support the release of the Chinese edition of HaYesod and Holy Epistle to the Galatians. We are pleased to be working in close association with the Hong Kong representatives of Christian Mission to the Jews and HaDavar Yeshivah.
FREE EBOOK: Continued Jewish identity among Jesus-believers is not merely an ethnic or cultural curiosity; it has theological significance. Major implications include the validation of Jewish tradition and practice for Jewish believers, as well as recognition of them as the living connection between the nations and Israel
Spiritual Lessons from the Didache: The Two Ways
All disciples of Messiah have a choice: the way of life or the way of death. A biblical worldview supports the fact that life is about choices. The path we choose each day will ultimately determine our destiny. Yet not only is life full of choices, it is also a progressive journey that never stops.
The World of the Ger
Unlike many books for the Noachide that rely heavily on an in-depth overview of the seven Noachide laws, The World of the Ger focuses on "parables, stories, and historical narratives that form the character and worldview of a people". The result is a work is both encouraging and inspiring.
An 1888 Review of Delitzsch's Hebrew New Testament
A fresh translation from Messianic Jewish pioneer Theophilus Lucky's monumental publication Edut L'Yisra'el. In the first issue printed in Tishrei of 1888, we find a book review of Franz Delitzsch's Hebrew New Testament. The historical value of these writings is priceless.
Keep Zion before Your Eyes
Keeping Zion before our eyes is a difficult task in our everyday lives. Planting Zion in our hearts is a process of learning, seeing, and connecting. For a few years now, we have produced our "Eretz Yisrael", Land of Israel calendars in two formats, both feature unique fresh photography from places and subjects around Israel.
When I first began to practice and learn about Messianic Judaism, I found Jewish prayer to be fascinating. The expressions and phrases in the blessings and liturgies seemed to transport me to another world. The Hebrew language seemed to sing to me. Through Jewish prayer I felt a connection.
Elementary Principles
Elementary Principles is a book about the six principles of Hebrew 6:1-2 which the author of Hebrews refers to as "milk" and "the elementary doctrine of Messiah. The book takes the time to examine each of those six points of elementary doctrine.
Respecting the Mechitzah
Yesterday I had the great privilege of meeting with a wonderful Jewish scholar at his home in New York. I was invited to do so because recently our Vine of David materials caught his eye, and he was extremely impressed at the beautiful quality of work, the authentic Jewishness of the work, and the specificity that the work has to our Messianic Jewish community.
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text:
package hr.fer.zemris.jcms.beans.ext;

public class UserAnswersBean {
	private String jmbag;
	private String[] answers;
	private String group;

	public UserAnswersBean(String jmbag, String group, int listSize) {
		super();
		this.jmbag = jmbag;
		this.answers = new String[listSize];
		this.group = group;
	}

	public UserAnswersBean() {
	}

	public void setValue(String val, int index) {
		if (this.answers == null) {
			throw new IllegalArgumentException(
					"Lista odgovora nije inicijalizirana!");
		}

		this.answers[index] = val;
	}

	public String getJmbag() {
		return jmbag;
	}
	public void setJmbag(String jmbag) {
		this.jmbag = jmbag;
	}

	public String getGroup() {
		return this.group;
	}

	public void setGroup(String group) {
		this.group = group;
	}

	public String[] getAnswers() {
		return this.answers;
	}

	public void setAnswers(String[] answers) {
		this.answers = answers;
	}

}


Lele Pons who had been surrounded by the dating rumors with an actor, Dating rumors with Ray Diaz faded, who is she Dating Currently?. Well, regarding Sommer Ray dating life, she is currently dating Max Ehrich. the couple is still a pair and they have been dating since August. After Splitting With Ex-Girlfriend Who Is Ray William Johnson Dating Right Now? Updated on: Apr 6, @ AM Published on: Apr 6. Maybe in the future. Here is a video uploaded recently on 21'st July where Ray picked up a car along with Ricegum, which proves that they are still in good terms, who is ray dating now. Lele frequently shares the beautiful moments she spends with Zurita through her official Instagram account. Let us find that out in a short wiki-like bio of him. Likewise, the YouTube star Ray William Johnson, who has experienced a failed relationship in his past is building up his career along with his new girlfriend.


"Recognizing the relationship among our own lives and all people and living beings throughout the world."
The increasing complexity of the world today calls for different approaches to teaching and learning. In response to this need, Denise Ames and Nancy Harmon, founders of the Center for Global Awareness (CGA), have developed books, educational materials, and programs founded on a global awareness approach. We believe that applying the principles of global awareness to education and conversation will promote understanding and engagement for change.
"Global awareness" sounds great, but what does it really mean?
CGA defines global awareness as recognizing the relationship among our own lives and all people and living beings throughout the world. It is a way of understanding the world, a philosophy or state of mind that encompasses a shift of consciousness from a local, national, or conventional mindset toward a broad recognition of the interdependence of all people and nature within the greater global community.
We have identified three components of global awareness: a holistic approach, a global perspective, and cross-cultural mindfulness. All three components interact and overlap with each other.
"Holistic" emphasizes the full range of relations among the cultural traits of a system, and the ways in which the operation of those parts helps to perpetuate the whole system. In the context of history and the social sciences, a holistic approach studies how the cultural traits of a society interact with, reinforce, and support each other. These cultural traits include politics, economy, technology, culture, religion, values, and the treatment of the environment. Changes in a cultural trait create a ripple effect, in turn changing other cultural traits.
A conventional viewpoint, which sees one's own culture and way of life as the universal standard, is different from a global perspective, which sees a more expanded and integrated view of the world. A global perspective broadens and enlarges our viewpoints and intellectual skills beyond our own identity and culture, expanding toward an outlook that is more inclusive and tolerant. It helps an individual to formulate opinions about the world based on extensive, flexible inquiry, rather than rigid, unexamined, or questionable assumptions. For example, an American individual applying a global perspective recognizes that individualism is a key value in the U.S. but realizes that it may not be of central importance in other countries.
A global perspective involves looking beyond simplistic explanations of complex issues to see global phenomena as part of a constellation of interrelated factors. The wise person can hold two or more opposing ideas together at the same time. He or she understands how much is beyond human understanding.
Today, many of our social and political divides are rigid and entrenched, blinding us to cross-cultural differences. We retreat into our own bubble of comfort and isolation. Our goal at CGA is to learn about cross-cultural differences, both within our own country and among other nations. It is imperative that we have a recognition of and respect for differences.
For a more detailed explanation of the principles of the Center for Global Awareness, please download our PDF on the CGA's approach.


WARNING: Uneven Chocolate Break detected. That's your third strike, Jackson. Get it together! Get it all together and put it in a backpack, all of it, so it's together!
And if you gotta take it somewhere, take it somewhere, you know? Take it to the It Store and sell it, or put it in an It Museum. I don't care what you do, you just gotta get it together!
Again, we see the gospel associated with physical healing. The good news goes hand-in-hand with people's bodies getting restored.
But when Jesus gives John's disciples the message to take back, he's actually referencing two different passages in Isaiah. His litany of healing miracles paraphrases Isaiah 35:5-6: "Then the eyes of the blind will be opened, and the ears of the deaf will be unstopped. Then the lame will leap like a deer, and the tongue of the mute will shout for joy." The chapter he's drawing from is a prophetic passage about God bringing water to a thirsty land and establishing a Highway of Holiness to bring back God's ransomed people. It's good news: not just about healing, but about restoration on all fronts.
Jesus is telling John and his crew that he's bringing liberty, and with the Jewish nation under Roman rule in the 1st century, people were hungry for liberty. And let's not forget that John is in prison as Jesus sends this message back to him! And this whole proclamation of good news–from healings, to bringing freedom to captives, to setting God's broken world right–is centered on Jesus Christ. Yes, he's telling John: I am the Coming One. I am the Messiah.
So we're starting to get a picture of the gospel according to Matthew. Asked to define the good news, Matthew might say, "The gospel is that the Messiah has arrived." I'm sure we'll further refine that as we move through the book, but for now, we've got a provisional answer.
Today's chocolate is another slab of Pascha 70% cacao dark chocolate. As you can see in the photo above, I didn't break it off as cleanly as I would have liked.
Posted in Matthew, The Gospel, Topical Studies.Tagged bible, christianity, freedom, gospel, healing, Isaiah, Jesus, Matthew, prophecy, restoration, scripture.


Oval pieces of horn in light and dark are recycled from Colombia and Vietnam to make this lovely piece. It is sure to stand out and create a beautiful statement with any outfit you pair it with!
Adjustable length: 8 - 88"


It always seems like there is a vicious cycle when it comes to my hair. I'll cut my bangs, then miss my long style and then say, "Don't ever let me cut my bangs again." Then, I get bored with the long hair and chop-chop! It really is a problem.
But every time I see Alexa Chung's perfectly whispy-do, I get that urge again.
I subdue these urges by swiftly typing, "Olivia Palermo" in the Pinterest search bar, to remind me that I really do love my long style.


text:
No Exit (, ) is a 1944 existentialist French play by Jean-Paul Sartre. The play was first performed at the Théâtre du Vieux-Colombier in May 1944. The play begins with three characters who find themselves waiting in a mysterious room. It is a depiction of the afterlife in which three deceased characters are punished by being locked into a room together for eternity. It is the source of Sartre's especially famous phrase "L'enfer, c'est les autres" or "Hell is other people", a reference to Sartre's ideas about the look and the perpetual ontological struggle of being caused to see oneself as an object from the view of another consciousness.

English translations have also been performed under the titles  In Camera, No Way Out, Vicious Circle, Behind Closed Doors, and Dead End. The original title, Huis clos ("closed door"), is the French equivalent of the legal term in camera (Latin: "in a chamber"), referring to a private discussion behind closed doors.

Plot
Three damned souls, Joseph Garcin, Inèz Serrano, and Estelle Rigault, are brought to the same room in Hell and locked inside by a mysterious valet. They had all expected torture devices to punish them for eternity, but instead, find a plain room furnished in the style of the French 'Second Empire'. At first, none of them will admit the reason for their damnation: Garcin says that he was executed for being an outspoken pacifist, while Estelle insists that a mistake has been made; Inèz, however, is the only one to demand that they all stop lying to themselves and confess to their moral crimes. She refuses to believe that they have all ended up in the room by accident and soon realizes that they have been placed together to make each other miserable. She deduces that they are to be one another's torturers.

Garcin suggests that they try to leave each other alone and to be silent, but Inèz starts to sing about execution and Estelle vainly wants to find a mirror to check on her appearance. Inèz tries to seduce Estelle by offering to be her "mirror" by telling her everything she sees but ends up frightening her instead. It is soon clear that Inèz is attracted to Estelle, Estelle is attracted to Garcin, and Garcin is not attracted to either of the two women.

After arguing, they decide to confess to their crimes so they know what to expect from each other. Garcin cheated on and mistreated his wife, and was executed by firing squad for desertion; Inèz is a manipulative sadist who seduced her cousin's wife, Florence, while living with them and convinced her to leave her husband—the cousin was later hit and killed by a tram and Florence asphyxiated herself and Inèz by flooding the room with gas while they slept—and Estelle had an affair and then killed the resulting child, prompting the child's father to commit suicide. Despite their revelations, they continue to get on each other's nerves. Garcin finally begins giving in to the lascivious Estelle's escalating attempts to seduce him, which drives Inèz crazy. Garcin is constantly interrupted by his own guilt, however, and begs Estelle to tell him that he is not a coward for attempting to flee his country during wartime. While she complies, Inèz mockingly tells him that Estelle is just feigning attraction to him so that she can be with a man—any man.

This causes Garcin to abruptly attempt an escape. After his trying to open the door repeatedly, it inexplicably and suddenly opens, but he is unable to bring himself to leave, and the others remain as well. He says that he will not be saved until he can convince Inèz that he is not cowardly. She refuses, saying that he is obviously a coward, and promising to make him miserable forever. Garcin concludes that rather than torture devices or physical punishment, "hell is other people." Estelle tries to persevere in her seduction of Garcin, but he says that he cannot make love while Inèz is watching. Estelle, infuriated, picks up a paper knife and repeatedly stabs Inèz. Inèz chides Estelle, saying that they are all already dead, and even furiously stabs herself to prove that point. As Estelle begins to laugh hysterically at the idea of them being dead and trapped together forever, the others join in a prolonged fit of laughter before Garcin finally concludes, "Eh bien, continuons..." ("Well then, let's get on with it...").

Characters
Joseph Garcin – He is a journalist who lived in the barracks in Rio and died after refusing to fight in an unnamed war. His cowardice and callousness caused his young wife to die "of grief" after his execution. He was unfaithful to his wife – he even recalls, without any sympathy, bringing home another woman one night, and his wife bringing them their morning coffee after hearing their engagement all night. Initially, he hates Inèz because she understands his weakness, and wants Estelle because he feels that if she treats him as a man he will become manly. However, by the end of the play he understands that because Inèz understands the meaning of cowardice and wickedness, only absolution at her hands can redeem him (if indeed redemption is possible). In a later translation and adaptation of the play by American translator Paul Bowles, Garcin is renamed Vincent Cradeau.

Inèz Serrano – Inèz is the second character to enter the room. A lesbian postal clerk, she turned a wife against her husband, twisting the wife's perception of her spouse and the subsequent death of the man who is also her cousin. Inèz seems to be the only character who understands the power of opinion, manipulating Estelle's and Garcin's opinions of themselves and of each other throughout the play. She is honest about the evil deeds she, Garcin, and Estelle have done. She frankly acknowledges the fact that she is a cruel person.

Estelle Rigault – Estelle is a high-society woman, who married an older man for his money and had an affair with a younger man. To her, the affair is merely an insignificant fling, but her lover becomes emotionally attached to her and she bears him a child. She drowns the child by throwing it off the balcony of a hotel into the sea, which drives her lover to commit suicide. Throughout the play she tries to get at Garcin, seeking to define herself as a woman in relation to a man. Her sins are deceit and murder (which also motivated a suicide). She lusts over "manly men", which Garcin himself strives to be.

Valet – The Valet enters the room with each character, but his only real dialogue is with Garcin. We learn little about him, except that his uncle is the head valet, and that he does not have any eyelids, which links to Garcin because Garcin's eyelids are atrophied.

Critical reception
The play was widely praised when it was first performed. Upon its 1946 American premiere at the Biltmore Theatre, critic Stark Young described the play as "a phenomenon of the modern theatre – played all over the continent already", in The New Republic, and wrote that "It should be seen whether you like it or not."

Adaptations

Audio
 In 1946, the BBC broadcast a production with Alec Guinness as Garcin, Donald Pleasence as the Valet, Betty Ann Davies as Estelle and Beatrix Lehmann as Inèz, all of whom starred in the first London stage production (see below). The translation was by Margery Gerbain and Joan Swinstead.
 Riverside Records released a 2-LP recording of the Paul Bowles translation in 1961 (RLP 7004/5) with Douglas Watson as Garcin/Cradeau, Nancy Wickwire as Inèz and Betty Field as Estelle.
 In 1968, Caedmon Records released a 2-LP recording of the Paul Bowles translation directed by Howard Sackler (TRS 327), with Donald Pleasence as Garcin/Cradeau, Glenda Jackson as Inèz and Anna Massey as Estelle.

Film
 Huis clos (1954), directed by Jacqueline Audry
 No Exit (1962), directed by Tad Danielewski

Television
 In 1964 the BBC broadcast an adaptation with Harold Pinter as Garcin broadcast as part of its The Wednesday Play anthology series. It was adapted and directed by Philip Saville.
 In a 2019 episode of Mr. Robot, Mr. Robot showed off a "No Exit" book while the main protagonist was trapped in a "honeypot" in a Manhattan apartment.

Theatre
 The play first premiered in Paris, France 1944 at the Théâtre du Vieux-Colombier, starring Gaby Silvia  as Estelle, Tania Balachova (who was the ex-wife of director Raymond Rouleau) as Inez, and Michel Vitold as Garcin.
 The first Broadway stage production, using the Paul Bowles translation, ran for three weeks in 1946 at the Biltmore Theatre and starred Claude Dauphin as Garcin, Peter Kass as the Bellboy, Ruth Ford as Estelle and Annabella as Inèz. The production was directed by John Huston.
 The first stage production in London was performed in 1946 under the title Vicious Circle at the Arts Theatre Club and starred Alec Guinness as Garcin, Donald Pleasence as the Valet, Betty Ann Davies as Estelle and Beatrix Lehmann as Inèz. The production was directed by Peter Brook and the translation was by Margery Gerbain and Joan Swinstead.
 In 2018, after raising £4558 through Kickstarter, a "Snowden"-inspired adaptation premiered at Drill Hall in Edinburgh and the Fringe.

Opera
A one-act chamber opera based on the play was created by composer Andy Vores. The production had its world premiere on April 25, 2008, at the Boston Conservatory's Zack Theatre. Vores' opera premiered in Chicago in October 2009 by Chicago Opera Vanguard.

Parodies
Talk Show from Hell, a modern parody by Jean-Noel Fenwick, was produced by the Open Fist Theatre in Los Angeles, California, in 2000. Mike Schur has compared his show The Good Place, which involves a demon trying to design a novel type of hell in which the inhabitants create one another's torments, to Sartre's play.

References

External links

 No Exit Script
 No Exit at Sparknotes.com

 No Exit at A.R.T. 2006 production of No Exit at the American Repertory Theater

1944 plays
Existentialist plays
LGBT-related plays
Plays by Jean-Paul Sartre
Plays set in hell
One-act plays
French plays adapted into films
Plays adapted into operas

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Former "SNL" cast member Bill Hader returned to host the show this week and to Weekend Update as his enormously popular recurring character Stefon.
Stefon showed up on Weekend Update to talk about New York party spots where tourists could spend the last few hours of St. Patrick's Day. And he delivered, running down a bunch of weird-sounding places. And all of them had one thing in common: Roman J. Israel, esquire — though it's not clear if this running joke is referring to the movie itself or the character played by Denzel Washington.
"What's The Stranger?" Weekend Update co-host Michael Che asked.
"So you can pretend it's Bruce Springsteen's hand," Stefon said.
After describing several other places that Roman J. Israel, esquire had visited, Stefon got hung up trying to describe a certain feature of one club. He was worried that he would sound insensitive, so he called in his lawyer, played by John Mulaney, who was an "SNL" writer for six year and created the Stefon character with Hader.
After consulting with Mulaney, Stefon continued.
"Human squatty potties. It's that thing of when you sit on the toilet and, to have good posture, two little people crouch on the bathroom floor and you put your feet on their heads," Stefon said, with emphasis on "little people," which was apparently the term Mulaney helped him out with.
"I'm really glad you made sure to make that not insensitive," Jost said, laughing.
"On that note, let's take a closer look at political correctness," Stefon said.
"Wait? Isn't 'A Closer Look' Seth's thing?" Che asked, referring to the Seth Meyers' segment from "Late Night" on NBC.
"Oh, Seth and I are versatile. Some nights I do it and he's under the desk," Stefon said to end the segment.
You can watch Hader's full return as Stefon in the video embedded at the top of this post.