When I'm approached by people who want to start a business and they ask for advice, I always pause and take a deep breath. Where do I start? Starting a business is HARD. It's a dream come true but the day-to-day isn't glam and your self-confidence can take a serious hit.


Decoration Face comprises top third of piece, angular. Detail on face uses black pigment (beard. eyebrows and what may be hair). Face and clothing in light coloured pigment, green is used around the eyes, the upper body decoration consists of a large red band, a smaller black band of dashes, a blank band, a light blue band, another black dash band, a thick black band, another dash band, another thick red band, another dash band, another blank band, another thin dash band, and finally a thick band made of black tear shaped vertical stripes. There is also some black pigment on what appears to have represented the shoulders.
Condition A large amount of skin coloured paint has chipped of, particularly around the bottom and edges of the object. The paint on the chest is quite well preserved. There is a large fragment missing from the right shoulder which also removes part of the lower right hand side of the pace. The nose and eye work has been removed or fallen off. A large amount of black paint has chipped of the top of the object. There is also a hole in top of the head and a large crack originating on the lefthand side of 'hair' and ending near the base of the face.
2002.98.0100.jpg View from above of Egyptian coffin mask.
2007.01.0072.jpg View from above of Egyptian coffin mask.
2007.99.0035.jpg View from above of Egyptian coffin mask.
2007.99.0036.jpg View from above of Egyptian coffin mask.
2007.99.0037.jpg Close up view from above of Egyptian coffin mask's face.
2007.99.0038.jpg Rear view from above of Egyptian coffin mask.
Diameters 10.5 at base, 12.8 at head.


We invite those near and far to come share this sacred space with us. Specially designed with a unique architectural fingerprint, el Tumbo supports a wide range of practices and a magnificent interaction with the surrounding jungle. The property is a yoga haven, an exotic retreat, and a private resort experience all wrapped into one perfect getaway. To experience and help cultivate the growing energy of this space, you can reserve Tumbo as a private retreat center and utilize the ample teaching space for an all-inclusive retreat experience.
At Tumbo, we cater to both instructors as well as students. Instructors are invited to stay with us and utilize our outstanding services and spaces to engage and practice with their students. We also welcome unguided groups to join us for locally-taught private yoga sessions, and to stay with us for what is sure to be an unforgettable experience.
Our property caretakers attend to all the details so that you can spend time relaxing, practicing, teaching, learning, and becoming one with yourself and the unmatched surroundings of the Osa Peninsula's El Tumbo de las Olas.


Chain Free! 75% shared ownership of this delightful home is available to buy. This semi detached house is set within the heart of the popular village of Challock between Ashford and Faversham and offers good levels of space both inside and out.
Zoopla is one of the UK's leading property portals, helping you to find property for sale and to rent and make smarter decisions when buying and renting homes in the UK. Discover information on homes in Shottenden by researching Shottenden property values, Shottenden house prices paid, our Shottenden property market overview and find Shottenden agents.


The Jets built by Lang Wheels in the late 1950's have had many owners the approximate list is: W. Nichols (1958) - J. Guest (1972) - F. Jones jnr (1978) - Tony Cotton? - P. West (1993) - J. Gould (1995) - Martin Ball - Carters (1996) – Littleboy's (2012). Purchased by Littleboy's from Carters Steam Fair in London who had travelled this wonderful ride for many years, this ride is currently undergoing a complete restoration prior to leaving for its new owners Thanet District Council where it will form part of the new Dreamland Amusement Park in Margate, Kent. Littleboy's restoration includes the preservation of some beautiful artwork which was created by the Carter family and which we hope will grace the ride for many years to come. Thank you Chris Russell and The Dreamland Trust for the use of your images.


I was born in 1978 in Paris, and grew up in a small village in a natural landscape in the Paris suburbs. As far back as I can remember I've always been interested in animals, primarily underappreciated species like amphibians, reptiles, and invertebrates. I spent all of my time in the forest and in ponds looking for frogs, newts, snakes, and spiders.
Early on, I used captivity as a way to observe and contemplate these shy and secretive species. I constructed my first terrarium at nine years old and have continued until today. Early in my schooling it was clear that my personal and future professional life would be dedicated in one way or another to gaining knowledge about, and working towards the conservation of reptiles and amphibians.
To me, research and conservation requires a necessity for team work and collaboration with other zoos, scientists, local or national associations, and sometimes private keepers too.
At thirteen years old I decided to ask a reptile and amphibian lab director, Professor Alain Dubois, if I could gain work experience in his lab. He was very surprised to see this young boy asking to join his lab, but he eventually accepted. This was my first step in the world of amphibian research. In the following years I continued to be involved with the lab during my studies and had the wonderful opportunity to participate in the description of two new species of anurans in Vietnam. (Ohler, A. & Marquis, O. & Swan, S. & Grosjean, S. (2000): Amphibian biodiversity of Hoang Lien Nature Reserve (Lao Cai Province, northern Vietnam) with description of two new species.- Herpetozoa, Wien; 13 (1/2): 71 – 87).
All of the choices I made during my high school and university studies were directed towards subjects of animal biology and ecology, and when possible, to reptiles and amphibians. I eventually received my PhD with Prof. Claude Miaud (University of Montpellier), focused on studying local adaptations to UVb radiation in high altitude frog populations. After one post-doc appointment on population dynamics of lizards and two years of teaching at university, I decided to leave the university. In 2008, I had the opportunity to create and direct the first French training centre in herpetology and herpetoculture for private and professional keepers, scientists, vets, firemen, and all people who were interested in, or had to work with reptiles and amphibians and needed theoretical and practical training.
In 2012 I heard about the reconstruction of the Paris Zoo, and a project to develop a totally new reptile and amphibian collection plan. Since the Paris Zoo belongs to the National Museum of Natural History, they were looking for a new curator with zootechnical and research/conservation experience to manage the species collection and develop in situ and ex situ conservation and research projects. I applied for the position, eventually got the job, and officially started my role in August 2013. Because the Paris Zoo had never had any amphibians or reptiles in its collection plan, I assisted in the construction of completely new vivariums, and the off exhibit part of the vivarium until April 2014.
Since then, I've been able to find time to discover how zoos work in research and conservation and have become involved. In 2014, Gerardo Garcia from Chester Zoo, Chair of the Amphibian Taxon Advisory Group (ATAG) of the European Association of Zoos and Aquariums (EAZA), and Warren Spencer from Artis Zoo, vice-chair of the ATAG, offered me an opportunity to join the team as second vice-chair of the ATAG.
I am not alone in my work in research and conservation at the zoo. To me, research and conservation requires a necessity for team work and collaboration with other zoos, scientists, local or national associations, and sometimes private keepers too. As I've been a private reptile and amphibian keeper for more than twenty-five years, and I'm now working in a zoo myself, my goal is to make captivity a tool for gaining support for research and conservation.
Some of my past contributions to amphibian conservation were the financial support of the National Bd (chytrid) survey in Madagascar and also financial support for the survey of the invasive species Duttaphrynus melanostictus in Madagascar via the Amphibian Survival Alliance.
Prof. Claude Miaud, Dr. Norin Chai (from La Menagerie du Jardin des Plantes, Museum of Natural History of Paris) and I also initiated a national screening of Bd occurrence in amphibian collections in French zoos.
An example of one of my conservation projects that's still in progress is the conservation of Ichthyosaura alpestris reiseri, a subspecies of alpine newt endemic of one lake in Bosnia and Herzegovina, and suspected to be extinct in the wild. It's a really nice project that involves the Bosnian Herpetological Society (Emina Sunje from ATRA association) for the field components, and Paris Zoo and some private keepers (Jean Raffealli from the French Urodela Group) for the ex situ part of the project.
My future goals are to continue to initiate, support, and/or collaborate on studies about European, Malagasy, and South American amphibian species with the support of Paris Zoo and the ATAG. I do not consider myself an expert on amphibian research and conservation, and my personal goal is to improve my own knowledge and skills to be able to continue to contribute to the world of amphibian knowledge and conservation.


Listing provided courtesy of Kathy Koop of Berkshire Hathaway HomeService. Last updated 2019-03-18 09:01:25.000000. Listing information © 2018 SANDICOR.
This Detached property was built in 1959 and is priced at $4,875,000. Please see the additional details below.


text:
Jarikaba is een plaats en een van de zes ressorten waaruit het Surinaamse district Saramacca bestaat.

In het oosten grenst het ressort Jarikaba aan het district Wanica, in het zuiden aan Kampong Baroe, in het westen aan Groningen en in het noorden aan Wayamboweg.

In 2004 had Jarikaba volgens cijfers van het Centraal Bureau voor Burgerzaken (CBB) 4808 inwoners.

In de buurt van Jarikaba bevindt zich de Jarikaba Airstrip met een verbinding naar Zorg en Hoop Airport in Paramaribo.

Ressort in Saramacca
Plaats in Saramacca
Plaats in het stroomgebied van de Saramacca

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


The rest of the letter is missing. The final paragraph appears as a postscript at the top of the first page.
See letter to J. S. Henslow, [12 or 13 July 1837], n. 4.
Proof-sheets [of Journal of researches] are tumbling in. Mentions future plans for Zoology and geological works. Has £1000 from Government for illustrations.


Perfect inexpensive filler for any favor! The blue and white have been discontinued. When we find another source, we will put them back on the website, but for now only PINK and ASSORTED are available.
Each bag contains 1 lb.


text:
Velké Javorské jezero () je jezero v Bavorsku, jedno z osmi šumavských ledovcových jezer. Leží na německé straně Šumavy na jihovýchodním svahu Velkého Javoru, v nadmořské výšce 934 metrů, má plochu 7,2 hektarů a maximální hloubku 16 metrů.

Vodní režim
Z jezera vytéká potok Geigenbach (), který ústí do řeky Řezná (Großer Regen).

Okolí
Nad západním břehem se tyčí impozantní 360 m vysoká jezerní stěna (). Na východním břehu jezera stojí restaurace .

Ochrana přírody
Přírodní rezervace Großer Arbersee a Arberseewand se rozprostírá na ploše 157 ha a byla vyhlášena v roce 1939. Předmětem ochrany jsou kromě vlastního jezera v rulovém karu s mohutnou stěnou také okolní letité smrkové, jedlové a bukové lesy s řadou chráněných rostlin. Na jezeře žijí kachny divoké.

Přístup
Z šumavských jezer je nejlépe přístupné pro motoristy - leží přímo u silnice z Bayerisch Eisenstein přes Brennes do Bodenmaisu a Zwieselu.

Externí odkazy

Ledovcová jezera v Německu
Jezera v Bavorsku
Zemský okres Regen
Povodí Řezné
Jezera na Šumavě
Bavorský les


text:
This 63-year-old started running ultramarathons to fight her obesity-related cancer
Biggest goal isn't to finish in certain time, but to raise awareness for disease that's killing women
Elizabeth Millard
During last year's ultramarathon Race for the Ages — run over Labor Day weekend and geared toward runners over age 40 — Colleen Johnson, 63, spent the first 14 hours with an unwelcome running partner. Hurricane Harvey was lashing through the South, including her native Tennessee, where the race was run, and she slogged mile after mile in pouring rain.With an arthritic knee, she wobbled and waded as the blisters expanded on the soles of her feet. By the end of the race, the bottom of one foot was bloody and the other was getting close. Drenched, miserable and in pain, Johnson had her first moment of hesitation about completing a course since she started running in 2013. But it lasted only a moment."I'd set a goal," she told Runner's World by phone. "When I make a decision, I do it, come hell or high water. Even if that means literally." So she finished her 100-mile race.That sense of determination and motivation has been a theme for Johnson over the past six years. After being diagnosed with endometrial cancer — also called uterine cancer — two days after her 57th birthday she underwent a radical hysterectomy, radiation and hormone therapy. Like many cancer patients, she began to research her condition and discovered that estrogen and insulin helped to feed her cancer cells. Body fat percentage and exercise make a difference in survival rates, she learned. In fact, according to a 2016 meta-analysis published in Gynecologic Oncology, women with endometrial cancer who had a body mass index of 40 or above — well over the "obese" cutoff of 30 — were 66 percent more likely to die during follow-up than women with a normal BMI below 25. And for each 10 percent increase in BMI, their chances of dying early rose by 9 percent.At 240 pounds, she knew she needed to lose weight, but she first had to tackle the exercise portion of the equation."I absolutely hate exercise, I can't state that strongly enough, it's the worst," she said. "I've been pretty obese most of my adult life, and let's be honest. You don't get like that if you love exercise. But I wanted a better chance at living."She tried running a loop on her gym's track. Nope. She tried again, and again, to run continuously for a single lap. Still no success. But a trainer saw her struggle and suggested that she run right behind him as he slowly made his way around. This time, it worked."That's when I realized that running wasn't a physical challenge, it's a mental one," she said. "If I could get over that barrier, I could run any distance."Johnson proved that point easily in the next few years.After taking on her first 5K in 2013 — and discovering a love for crossing finish lines — she completed her first marathon only five months later. By then, she was 140 pounds, her type 2 diabetes had reversed itself, and she thought of a handy way to stay motivated: by wearing her mission on a t-shirt.She had a shirt printed with a front that read "From Cancer to 5K" (It now reads "From Cancer to a Marathon"). But it was the back that means the most to her. That message highlights how many women die every year as a result of endometrial cancer. For her first race, that number was 8,190. Unfortunately, since the rate of deaths from endometrial cancer are increasing, this year's shirt listed 11,340 that she honors with her run."I run to keep myself off the back of my shirt," Johnson said. "Although I started running to save my life, what I never anticipated was the reaction from people who see the shirt. I didn't think this would affect others, but it really has."People feel inspired, she said. For example, one woman told her that if Johnson can outrun cancer and finish a 100-mile race, she could fulfill a lifelong dream and attend college."Somehow, the messages on both sides of the shirt give people strength and motivation," she said. "I realized there's power in what I'm doing."Johnson's most passionate wish is for that power to translate into more action for endometrial cancer research, which she feels is sorely lacking right now. The cancer doesn't have the kind of prominent foundation that drives research funding and awareness, she noted, and it doesn't even have a race dedicated to the cancer specifically."I've run close to 200 races now, most for cancer," she said. "But the one cause that I would like to run a race for more than anything is the cancer that brought me to running in the first place. I can't run for the cancer that almost took my life, because there isn't a race for that."Until that race exists, Johnson is ready to keep running every race she can — most recently, this year's Race for the Ages — and building awareness for endometrial cancer. She's also made an impact in getting endometrial cancer included in the National Comprehensive Cancer Network's Guidelines for Patients, which was published in early September. This specific type of cancer wasn't included in previous versions. "There is a wall of silence that surrounds endometrial cancer," she said. "That silence has deadly consequences, and that's why I run. To educate the public, and to give these women a voice."
During last year's ultramarathon Race for the Ages — run over Labor Day weekend and geared toward runners over age 40 — Colleen Johnson, 63, spent the first 14 hours with an unwelcome running partner. Hurricane Harvey was lashing through the South, including her native Tennessee, where the race was run, and she slogged mile after mile in pouring rain.
With an arthritic knee, she wobbled and waded as the blisters expanded on the soles of her feet. By the end of the race, the bottom of one foot was bloody and the other was getting close. Drenched, miserable and in pain, Johnson had her first moment of hesitation about completing a course since she started running in 2013. But it lasted only a moment.
Where you live can affect your weight, study says
22,000 runners to take part in Baltimore Running Festival; police will be watching
Former 'America's Next Top Model' contestant Jael Strauss reveals she has 'incurable' cancer
Study: Obesity to become leading cause of cancer in women
Men tend to lose weight more quickly than women
The 3 things that helped this woman lose 100 pounds in 10 months
Cancer patient's selfie makes an important point about symptoms
"I'd set a goal," she told Runner's World by phone. "When I make a decision, I do it, come hell or high water. Even if that means literally." So she finished her 100-mile race.
That sense of determination and motivation has been a theme for Johnson over the past six years.
After being diagnosed with endometrial cancer — also called uterine cancer — two days after her 57th birthday she underwent a radical hysterectomy, radiation and hormone therapy.
Like many cancer patients, she began to research her condition and discovered that estrogen and insulin helped to feed her cancer cells. Body fat percentage and exercise make a difference in survival rates, she learned. In fact, according to a 2016 meta-analysis published in Gynecologic Oncology, women with endometrial cancer who had a body mass index of 40 or above — well over the "obese" cutoff of 30 — were 66 percent more likely to die during follow-up than women with a normal BMI below 25. And for each 10 percent increase in BMI, their chances of dying early rose by 9 percent.
At 240 pounds, she knew she needed to lose weight, but she first had to tackle the exercise portion of the equation.
"I absolutely hate exercise, I can't state that strongly enough, it's the worst," she said. "I've been pretty obese most of my adult life, and let's be honest. You don't get like that if you love exercise. But I wanted a better chance at living."
She tried running a loop on her gym's track. Nope.
She tried again, and again, to run continuously for a single lap. Still no success. But a trainer saw her struggle and suggested that she run right behind him as he slowly made his way around. This time, it worked.
"That's when I realized that running wasn't a physical challenge, it's a mental one," she said. "If I could get over that barrier, I could run any distance."
GREG CAMPBELL
Colleen Johnson has become an advocate for raising funds and awareness for endometrial cancer, and the women who are affected by it.
Johnson proved that point easily in the next few years.
After taking on her first 5K in 2013 — and discovering a love for crossing finish lines — she completed her first marathon only five months later. By then, she was 140 pounds, her type 2 diabetes had reversed itself, and she thought of a handy way to stay motivated: by wearing her mission on a t-shirt.
She had a shirt printed with a front that read "From Cancer to 5K" (It now reads "From Cancer to a Marathon"). But it was the back that means the most to her. That message highlights how many women die every year as a result of endometrial cancer.
For her first race, that number was 8,190. Unfortunately, since the rate of deaths from endometrial cancer are increasing, this year's shirt listed 11,340 that she honors with her run.
COLLEEN JOHNSON
The back of Colleen Johnson's shirt brings awareness to the growing number of women who die of endometrial cancer each year.
"I run to keep myself off the back of my shirt," Johnson said. "Although I started running to save my life, what I never anticipated was the reaction from people who see the shirt. I didn't think this would affect others, but it really has."
People feel inspired, she said. For example, one woman told her that if Johnson can outrun cancer and finish a 100-mile race, she could fulfill a lifelong dream and attend college.
"Somehow, the messages on both sides of the shirt give people strength and motivation," she said. "I realized there's power in what I'm doing."
Johnson's most passionate wish is for that power to translate into more action for endometrial cancer research, which she feels is sorely lacking right now. The cancer doesn't have the kind of prominent foundation that drives research funding and awareness, she noted, and it doesn't even have a race dedicated to the cancer specifically.
"There is a wall of silence that surrounds endometrial cancer...and that's why I run."
"I've run close to 200 races now, most for cancer," she said. "But the one cause that I would like to run a race for more than anything is the cancer that brought me to running in the first place. I can't run for the cancer that almost took my life, because there isn't a race for that."
Until that race exists, Johnson is ready to keep running every race she can — most recently, this year's Race for the Ages — and building awareness for endometrial cancer. She's also made an impact in getting endometrial cancer included in the National Comprehensive Cancer Network's Guidelines for Patients, which was published in early September. This specific type of cancer wasn't included in previous versions.
"There is a wall of silence that surrounds endometrial cancer," she said. "That silence has deadly consequences, and that's why I run. To educate the public, and to give these women a voice."

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Q: What does pressure of a gas really mean, is it the Pressure applied on the gas or the Pressure exerted by the gas on some boundary? In Ideal Gas Equation $PV=nRT$ , $P$ is the pressure the gas exerts on the walls of the volume it is bounded in. But i've seen in some problems it is stated that the gas is under a pressure $ x$ $ N/m^2$ and this value is used for the $P$ in $PV=nRT$.
Which of these statement(s) is/are correct:
1) Pressure of a gas can be increased by compressing it.
2) Pressure of a gas can be increased by increasing it's temperature
3) Pressure of the gas can be increased by adding more gas in the container.
Is the pressure created in the three instances same or different?
P.S. I think i'm not able to phrase the question properly. So bear with me if you find any statement stupid or ambiguous and please answer whatever you understand.

A: The pressure exerted by the gas on the walls of the  container is equal to the pressure applied by the walls to the gas. This is an expression of Newton's 3rd Law.
It makes no difference if the pressure is increased by compressing the gas, heating it or adding more molecules. It is the same kind pressure.

A: So a given system of $N$ particles has $3N$ position coordinates and $3N$ momentum components for each of the particles, and so the "true" system lives in a $6N$-dimensional space that we call "phase space."
We can't in general observe any of those individually, we only care about these big numbers: like how many total particles are there, how much volume is the box that they're stuck in, how much energy do they have. Some given value of those parameters needs to correspond to a "volume of phase space," containing all the microscopic states which would be compatible with the macroscopic parameters that we care about. Another important idea then is "entropy", which is an additive measure of these phase space volumes. Entropy is a function of the observable parameters of the system.
Now you can basically imagine that our uncertainties multiply and so a system in a sealed box with constant volume, number of particles, and energy, will basically just "wander" among the possible microscopic states randomly. If it does, then our best guess is "the system will be in the state of highest entropy," just because it has the biggest phase-space volume and the particle takes a random point in the phase space.
Now imagine that you have one big box made of two littler boxes which are sharing energy. The total entropy is, as we said, additive, so it is $S_1 + S_2.$ If we transfer a chunk of energy $\delta E$ from sub-box 2 to sub-box 1, it will increase the entropy only if:
$$\delta S = \frac{\partial S_1}{\partial U}~\delta E + \frac{\partial S_2}{\partial U}(-\delta E) > 0.$$ Since energy spontaneously goes from hotter things to colder things, this gives us an immediate definition of $\frac{\partial S}{\partial U}$ as some sort of "coldness" of an object, where $S$ is this entropy function that calculates the phase space volume, and $U$ is the parameter of the internal energy to a box.
You might object that temperature could include parameters from various other sources, and this is potentially true: but we haven't needed any yet. We just define $T^{-1} = \frac{\partial S}{\partial U}$ and that is the "thermodynamic temperature." Two systems which share energy see energy flow spontaneously from higher temperature to lower temperature until both temperatures are the same, and this is simply due to our uncertainty about the microscopic state of the universe growing and multiplying.
Now do the same thing for volume. A box of total volume $V$ is made up of two sub-boxes with a movable partition which shares volume between the two: The exact same argument suggests that $\partial S / \partial V$ must be some sort of "wanting-more-volume-ness" that must become equal when you bring the two boxes into contact. We would say, the two boxes share volume until they come to the same pressure. In this case we generally normalize by temperature again and instead of inverting the relation with the $\bullet\mapsto\bullet^{-1}$ trick we just use a minus sign, $-P = T \frac{\partial S}{\partial V}.$
So there you have your answer. You can either view pressure as the force on the walls from the inside out, or from the outside in: these are the same precisely because two systems which are allowed to share volume (the walls are allowed to move) will come to the same pressure. If you have a solid box whose walls are not allowed to move, then obviously the pressure outside no longer has anything to do with what's happening inside and the relevant pressure is the one inside. But when you hear that an object is under a fixed pressure, it's saying that the object is sharing its volume with a very large reservoir of volume that therefore maintains a more-or-less constant pressure as the object in question expands or contracts.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


There's been so many innovative, awe-inspiring inventions in the last couple of decades that it is mindblowing. The Apple iPhone, high-speed internet, DVR… All of these inventions were improvements upon something we already had. The iPhone allowed the average phone user to carry a mini-computer inside of their phone. High-speed internet drastically reduced the time […] The post Better Isn't Always Better appeared first on Joseph Lalonde.
Daily, I am asked questions about coaching success. Daily, I strive for greater coaching success for myself. Today, I challenged myself to share three ideas that will, when implemented, help you be a more successful and confident coach.
Guest Post by Julie Winkle Giulioni If you lead an organization, work in an organization, or even set foot in an organization, you know that we are living in a time of significant change. Many forces and factors are contributing to these changes, including: Competition comes from all parts of the world and from […]. The post The Structure Culture Development Connection: The Key to Success for Organizations of the Future appeared first on Seapoint Center for Collaborative Leadership.
By Hans Rosling with Ola Rosling and Anna Rosling Ronnlund Few books give you advice on how to think more effectively. Fewer definitively answer big questions. This book does both.
It's 2019, and the power consumers have in today's marketplace continues to be unparalleled.
When we look at a well-built building, most of us don't notice the foundation. Instead, our eyes go right to what's on top of it. If it is unusual, old, or beautiful, we might comment on those qualities. Have you ever heard someone say, "That's a beautiful foundation"? Most likely you haven't.
Securing a government contract is the Holy Grail of business. As an entity with a trillion dollar budget, they usually reward contractors with competitive deals. Plus, they are an establishment which needs work completing on a regular basis.
Why do people hate networking events? Usually it's full of people who are all talking small. How's business?" " There's a lot of people here." How's the food?" That's a great tie." Shoot me now. We all hate these events - executives, vendors, and business owners alike. Unfortunately, we've been told that we have to go to them to grow our business. And they're right. You have to regularly break out of your bubble and meet new people. Interact and market your product/service to get traction.
What do you do to maximize meetings? You've been invited to a meeting three days from now. You're not 100% sure WHY the leader or team wants you there, but you're willing to attend and put your best foot forward.
Most moments of managerial courage come down to the micro-decisions you make when you're just a little bit scared, and the stakes really aren't that high.
In business terms, a baseline is where you start. It gives you an idea of your bottom-most revenues and ranks, then allows you to improve upon them until you have a new baseline to replace the start-up version.
Today we've invited our friend and author, Julie Winkle Giulioni, to share some career development expertise from her book Help Them Grow or Watch Them Go: Career Conversations Organizations Need and Employees Want. Julie has offered a FREE download of the book […].
If the time has come for your business to expand and take things to the next level, you need to tread carefully. Of course, growth and expansion are vital parts of running a successful company but expansions should always be undertaken with great care and consideration.
Everyone possesses personal power to some degree but many chose not to use it. Commonly shrouded as a righteous choice to not play politics or a self protecting underestimation of one's power, the primary reason for not exercising personal power is fear. Hi there!
As we head into the new year, we wanted to take a moment to look back and see what resonated most with you – our readers – in 2018. As we looked at what your favorite content was, we couldn't pick just a few posts to highlight.


"Sir" Douglas Lee, 8, espied his blood rival, "Lord" Eddie Bray, also 8, on the green lawn behind the International School at Dundee yesterday afternoon.
Equipped with a plastic shield and inflatable sword, young Douglas adjusted his glasses, pulled up his sagging shorts and charged Eddie, crying "Die, die, die" while his backpedaling foe deflected the blows.
"I like being a knight in medieval times," Eddie said, briefly returning to the 21st century when his arms gave out. "This is the best."
The boys were two of an estimated 1,000 area residents paying $8 to $12 to participate in the school's First Annual ISD Renaissance Festival. Hired hands sweated under the oppressive sun in Elizabethan cloaks, hoods, capes and chemises, entertaining the crowds with music, jousting, puppet shows, Shakespearean plays, catapulting and medieval games.
The nine-hour festival, benefiting the school's PTA, was designed to reflect International School at Dundee's mission, event chairman Chris Harris said.
"My whole pitch was that we have enough Ferris wheels in town to go around," said Harris, dressed in a sweat-drenched tunic while clutching a juicy leg of smoked turkey. "Our name is the International School, so let's use our name to embark on an adventure in 16th-century England."
Eric De Riemer, 12, an Eastern Middle School sixth-grader, was picked to play Macduff, Macbeth's undoer in Shakes-peare's tragedy, during an ad-lib "interpretation" of the play in the center of the school's lawn.
Employees of Round Table Productions, a Lititz, Pa.-based traveling entertainment company hired to put on the festival, drew crowds to the stage by shouting to passers-by: "Leave all your brain cells at the door," "Come see a man fight in black velvety pants," and "Keep violence where it belongs: out of the theater and on the streets."
Eric managed to slay his foe in hilarious fashion, felling Macbeth with a feather-stuffed sword that drooped constantly and drew laughter from the gathering crowd.
"They were directing me and I really didn't get to pick (a role)," Eric, who starred recently in another Shakespearean play at school, said of the Round Table directors after the "drama" had unfolded. "Otherwise, it was pretty much the same."
Old Greenwich resident Paula Yau, 39, said her two children had been looking forward to the festival for six months. Yau's son Julian, 6, sported a cape and helmet, while her daughter Ashton, 4, came to the festival with a pink tiara and matching wand.
"It's wonderful," Yau said. "They've really transformed this into another world. We're looking forward to the jousting."
A long line of children found relief from the heat as water balloons exploded overhead while they leaned through a "pillory," or medieval stockade. Others, like 8-year-old Bailey Robben, snacked on hamburgers and hot dogs in the shade and listened to The Reelies, a three-piece acoustical band from Manhattan, crank out "Tom O' Bedlam" and other songs.
"I like (the music)," said Bailey, while The Reelies' violinist, Joanna Farrer, stooped and swayed in front of her.
For Darien resident Reed Morgan, 10, sword-fighting lessons from Phoenix Swords were the highlight of the festival. In addition to teaching him the art of swordplay, members of the Worcester, Mass.-based company sent Reed on a chivalric "quest" to dance for a band of minstrels, tell a joke to a jester and identify the feathers in a pirate's hat.
Copyright © 2005, Southern Connecticut Newspapers, Inc.


text:
Great importance is attributed in GMG to the code of ethics: true "Constitutional Chart", a paper company rights and moral duties that defines ethical and social responsibilities of each participant in the organization.
The code of ethics is an effective means to prevent illicit or irresponsible behaviour on the part of those who work in the name and on behalf of the company because it introduces a clear and explicit definition of ethical and social responsibilities to all those involved directly or indirectly in business (customers, suppliers, employees, collaborators and anyone affected by the activities of the company).
The code of ethics is the main instrument of implementation of ethics within the company, which aims to clarify and define the set of principles to which they are asked to conform its recipients in intercompany. Recipients are therefore called upon to respect the values and principles of the code of ethics and are obliged to protect and preserve, through their own behaviour, the respectability and the image of the company as well as the integrity of its economic and human heritage.
Great importance is attached to the WYD in its Code of Ethics, a true "Constitutional Charter" of the company, a bill of rights and moral duties that defines the ethical and social responsibilities of each participant in the enterprise.
Energetically efficient infrastructures allow you to save on the power supply costs and on incidental services (air conditioning units), contributing to the decrease of the CO2 emissions.
We offer our customers the utmost care for the selection of Equipments and configurations which will minimize the consumptions while they are operating and will clear them during the operational
inactivity.
Environmentally-friendly Products
Selecting our products we rely on partners who take care of the environmental issues. The products we install have the European and International certifications which ensure the use of non-unhealthy
components, the commitment for the utmost usage of recyclable materials into the products and packing and manufacturing processes with the lower rank of CO2 emissions.
Equipments collection and disposal
The improvement or enlargement of your structure implies the disposal of obsolete or no longer operative equipments.
The disposal is a problem and a cost for the Company and Environment.
Aware of the problems we support our customers taking care of the collection and delivery of cables, hardware and compounds. We rely on the co-operation of specialized Centres for the recycling of raw materials and proper disposal of products which are harmful to the Environment.


Cargill, one of the world's largest private investors in food production, is ready to increase investment in infrastructure at the Yuzhny port, Minister of Economic Development and Trade Aivaras Abromavicius announced at a Ukraine-USA investment conference.
The Atlasjet Ukraine airline will begin performing regular flights on 31 August 2015, and the airline will launch new routes in several stages until the end of the year.
Ukraine has signed an Open Skies agreement with the United States. Ukraine's Infrastructure Minister Andrii Pyvovarskyi and United States' Under Secretary for Economic Growth, Energy, and the Environment Catherine Novelli signed the agreement.


Minister of Finance Dr Peter Phillips.
In evaluating Peter Phillips' performance since the IMF's Extended Fund Facility was signed by the Government in May 2013, a set of macroeconomic and other statistics will be trotted out to compliment the often beleaguered minister of finance.
Looking just at the numbers, which excite our IMF bosses, Minister Phillips has had a good year. He has met and maintained a high primary surplus at 7.5 per cent or better, he is about to pass his fourth quarterly IMF test - his immediate predecessor, Audley Shaw, passed three - and in passing those tests he will have effected IMF loan disbursals (more borrowed money!) of over US$400 million.
Another measure of success is the fact that the net international reserves (NIR), now at US$1.3 billion, is 47 per cent higher than its near-low point of US$884.3 million a year ago - although it is still significantly lower than the almost US$2 billion figure he inherited in December 2011.
Apart from the IMF-loved numbers, Dr Phillips has had a good two weeks. I was on my way from Asia at the end of last week and I stopped in London where very reliable sources told me that the finance minister had a good set of meetings with bankers and investors during his just-completed roadshow in Europe. I am informed that prospective investors asked to be invited and liked that Jamaica was about to pass its fourth IMF quarterly test - among other indicators.
The 'mock' roadshow is different and generally kinder than the real one when Dr Phillips and his technocrats go to ask investors and fund managers to sign cheques to buy Government of Jamaica bonds.
Minister Phillips was given strong encouragement (warning?) to reduce the level of Jamaicans who hold GOJ paper - maybe about 60 per cent of bondholders - and move to a broader set of international investors.
The argument is that GOJ pays too high a premium in interest rates to Jamaican investors, and shields itself too much from the transparent glare and monitoring of the international bond market.
To cap off his two good weeks, today the managing director of the IMF, Christine Lagarde, will be visiting Jamaica. Her visit will be interpreted as a feather in Peter Phillips' cap, and a pat on his back in the same manner that Dominique Strauss-Kahn's (Lagarde's predecessor) two visits to Jamaica acted as a fillip to Phillips' predecessor, Audley Shaw.
Unfortunately for Dr Phillips, the statistical measurements and economic milestones which the IMF and GOJ technocrats love to quote, are not the ones which are resonating with ordinary and middle-class Jamaicans and many business people.
To them a high primary surplus means that the Government has cut, quite brutally, capital and even some recurring expenditure and so there is no money in the economy and 'things are very tight'.
It's of little solace to tell them Jamaica overspent for too many decades; it was the politicians who borrowed the money, wasted it and sank us into debt.
Many Jamaicans who saw themselves as middle class are now without cash, highly indebted, skirting or in poverty, and are taking their expertise, packing their bags and leaving.
The general and strong feeling is that we cannot absorb any more taxes - see the pushback on the bank-deposit tax by ordinary citizens and similar uproar by business people against the proposed changes in the general consumption tax regime.
Jamaica's misery index is high. The late and distinguished economist Arthur Okun, who chaired President Johnson's Council of Economic Advisers, developed a straightforward method to measure what is termed the misery index. Okun's index added unemployment and inflation rates.
Based on that calculation, taking the 2012-13 inflation rate of 8.1 per cent - 2014's rate is projected to be slightly higher - plus the January 2014 unemployment rate as published by the Statistical Institute of Jamaica of 10.1 per cent, Jamaica's misery index is 18.2 per cent.
To put these numbers in perspective, when one looks at this index under American presidents from Dwight Eisenhower (1953-1961) to President Obama, we find that Ronald Reagan's first term was the best recorded with a minus 7.47 per cent and Jimmy Carter was the worst at a plus 8.98 per cent on the misery index. Jimmy Carter served an inglorious one term, while Reagan left a hero after two terms.
Everyone today talks about the crushing pain that the relentless depreciation of the dollar is causing them. To those feeling the pain it is irrelevant that the Bank of Jamaica's governor, Brian Wynter, keeps explaining that the country has been earning consistently less than it imports.
Last year, we spent US$5.9 billion on imports and earned a piddling US$1.7 billion from exports.
For about two years I have been quite relentless with my call for the leadership of the country to adopt a well-defined, publicly discussed, Cabinet-approved growth plan, while carrying out the IMF agreement. Others subsequently joined the call. I even named a minister to champion this growth agenda with the private sector.
Without growth of better than five per cent per year, a challenge for this administration, Peter Phillips is going to hit a brick wall soon with no new taxes to collect and few government expenditures to cut.
This may finally force the administration's hand to cut the size of Government, make it more efficient, and drive growth.


Soil geographical fieldwork is required to map the condition of the soil. However, this is very labor-intensive and therefore expensive.
The aim of this project is to increase the efficiency of the mapping of relevant soil properties especially considering the costs in relation to the accuracy. It focuses on the opportunities of sensor technology in obtaining field data and creating digital maps. Due to extensive budget cuts only a literature study was performed.


wow, truly an amazing picture.
Great image, but dont you think the buffalo are a bit to central?
Ah, you say a little more clear water to the right would have diveded it into thirds and given a visual of them moving into an open area? Perhaps, but it would also have required photoshopping out of the picture another bison leading the way. Sometimes you only get one chance at a picture and you take the best you can get.


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FITNESS PLANET
BREAKING: Coachella Makes History With Its 2018 Lineup
Hannah McNeely January 3, 2018 0
Alt-J, Daft Punk, edm, hea, id, No, punk, rock
Just minutes ago, Goldenvoice revealed the ficial 2018 Coachella lineup. Coachella is making history this year by leaving f a rock band in a headlining spot. Living up to its rumors comes the announcement both Beyonce, The Weeknd, and Eminem set to perform at this year's Coachella lineup.
This year's ficial lineup will feature The Weeknd, SZA, Kygo, Jamiroquai, the War on Drugs, Vince Staples, Beyonce, HAIM, Tyler the Creator, David Byrne, alt-J, Post Malone, Fleet Foxes, Eminem, ODESZA, Portugal the Man, Migos, REZZ, Cardi B, Miguel, A Perfect Circle, and many more.
Coachella 2018 Lineup
With the announcement The Weeknd performing this year, is it possible that Daft Punk will actually make their return this year?


In last chapter of Page Object Pattern of Selenium Cucumber Framework, we learned how to design Page Object pattern using Selenium Page Factory in Cucumber. This chapter is again based on Page Objects. But in this chapter we will design a Page Object Manager.
But what is the problem here. So far we have just one single Cucumber Step Definition file. But in the case of multiple step definition files, we will creating object of Pages again and again. Which is against the coding principle.
To avoid this situation, we can create a Page Object Manager. Duty of the Page Object Manger is to create the page's object and also to make sure that the same object should not be created again and again. But to use single object for all the step definition files.
1. Create a New Package file and name it as managers, by right click on the src/main/java and select New >> Package. As this Page Object Manager is a part of the framework, we keep this in src/main/java folder.
2. Create a New Class file and name it as PageObjectManager by right click on the above created Package and select New >> Class.
To create an Object of Page Class only if the object is null.
The change in above code requires change in our step definition file as well.
Notice, now the duty of the creation of all the pages assigned to only one class which is Page Object Manager.
Although there are no changes required in our Page Objects classes, but I am pasting all of these for your reference.
No change in Test Runner file.
Description: The purpose of this feature is to test End 2 End integration.
When he search for "dress"


text:
Q: A middleware with process exception never called I have this middelware which is suppose to catch 500/400 exceptions and deal with them. But it never gets called. I've put it in the beginning and end of the MIDDLEWARE_CLASSES but it still doesn't run when an exception is raised:
vertical/middleware.py:
class HandleExceptionsMiddleware(object):
       def process_exception(self, request, exception):
             print >> sys.stderr, "exception has been raised"
             # Get the exception info now, in case another exception is thrown later.
             if isinstance(exception, http.Http404):
                   return self.handle_404(request, exception)
             else:
                   return self.handle_500(request, exception)

settings.py
MIDDLEWARE_CLASSES = (
       'vertical.middleware.HandleExceptionsMiddleware',
       'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
       'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
       'debug_toolbar.middleware.DebugToolbarMiddleware',
       'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
       'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
       'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
       'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
 )

A:
middleware are run in reverse order during the response phase, which
  includes process_exception. If an exception middleware returns a
  response, the middleware classes above that middleware will not be
  called at all.

A: Following checklist helped me with similar problem:

*

*Check if middleware is properly created (refer to middleware docs)

*Check python dotted path in MIDDLEWARES with middleware you are working on

*Check if your middleware is at the bottom of MIDDLEWARES
If still not working, that means other middleware captures exception and returns response, or other middleware is calling your view out of order or way too soon.

*Check if your other middlewares are returning None (explicitly or implicitly)

*Check if your other middlewares are not directly calling view_func in process_view


Love to hang plants on your front porch? It's easier with these iron plant hangers. Made with black iron coating, the hooks themselves will prove to be great western decor while proving useful for your gardening needs.


This is the Robert Sorby slim fluted parting tool. It has a narrow profile at just 2mm. The long bevel, with a flute is the cutting face, so the short bevel is the face that is sharpened. Sharpening therefore is very quick and easy. The flute and bevels on this tools means that when parting off, the tool is always doing a shear cut at 45°, making the surface look as though it has been sanded.The image shows how it will look fitted with a handle.


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Home » Plays » Off-Broadway » Betsy: Wisdom of a Brighton Whore
Betsy: Wisdom of a Brighton Whore
"Don't you judge me," Betsy warns us. "You think I don't see you selling your souls?" It is her challenge to all who would judge.
Posted on December 20, 2022 by Scotty Bennett in Off-Broadway, Plays, solo
Isabella McCarthy Sommerville in a scene from Jonathan Brown's "Betsy: Wisdom of a Brighton Whore" at the SoHo Playhouse (Photo credit: David Smith)
Scotty Bennett, Critic
Georgy Porgy, pudding and pie,
Kissed the girls and made them cry (die)…
Betsy: Wisdom of a Brighton Whore by Jonathan Brown gives meaning to this children's rhyme that is reputed to be about the Prince Regent of England, who became George IV in 1820. This one-woman play, beautifully performed by Isabella McCarthy Sommerville under the skillful direction of the playwright Jonathan Brown, takes the audience on a journey through her short, anguished, but eventful life in Brighton, England, toward the end of the 18th century. While the period is never explicitly revealed, the references to things in Brighton give the story a time and place. One of the principal characters that Betsy refers to in this anguished story of her life is a man named George Bintshaft and his being a part of the English nobility.
The play starts with Sommerville aggressively confronting the audience as if they are a group making judgments about her apparent lifestyle as a whore. "Don't you judge me," she warns us. "You think I don't see you selling your souls?" It is her challenge to all who would judge. The setting in what is a cabaret theater at the SoHo Playhouse is simply a soft chair and a divan that is used as a device for acting out some of the sexual encounters that are used to illustrate significant events in Betsy's life.
Sommerville expertly moves from Betsy's aggressive, angry persona into a more nuanced characterization of a frightened, emotionally wounded woman struggling with the challenges she faces to survive in an unforgiving world of exploitation and violence.
Betsy tells us of her mother and the circumstances surrounding her birth. We learn of her mother's struggles to raise her as an only child in a workhouse of that period. We learn that Betsy had chosen to be a whore when few options existed for lower-class women, even if they had some education. Her turn to prostitution was also a way of avoiding the horrors of the workhouse she experienced in her childhood.
We learn of the various lovers, if they can be called that, and one man, in particular, the mysterious George Bintshaft. We also learn about George's man-servant, a brute named Charlie. These are the men who will seal Betsy's fate as her story unfolds.
Sommerville gives an exquisite reading of Betsy's emotional highs and lows, embracing the difficult range of expression so that the audience can experience the intensity of the feelings being shown. She also provides vivid characterizations of the people who populate her story, bringing them to life as it unfolds. Sommerville seduces the audience into empathizing and sympathizing with Betsy. She uses certain physical mannerisms in her presentation that may go overboard at times, but they do add truthfulness to the depth of emotions being shown. However, please make no mistake: this is ultimately a tragic story.
Betsy: Wisdom of a Brighton Whore has been a part of fringe festivals since it was first produced at the Brighton Fringe Festival in 2013. For the fourth time, Isabella McCarthy Sommerville has put on the persona of Betsy, the tragic Brighton whore, and the playwright and director Jonathan Brown clearly thinks she is the actor who brings the play to life.
Dragonsfly provides the recorded incidental music used in and around the show; they are a British folk-rock band started in 1998. Brown uses their music effectively within the play as a transition device to change scenes. He also is the sound and lighting director, which with a few exceptions, works very well.
Betsy: Wisdom of a Brighton Whore (through December 23, 2022)
2022 Fringe Encore Series
Something Underground
SoHo Playhouse, 15 Vandam Street, in Manhattan
For tickets, call (212) 691-1555 or visit http://www.ci.ovationtix.com/35583/production/1141354
Running time: 80 minutes without an intermission
Dragonsfly
Isabella McCarthy Sommerville
Soho Playhouse
About Scotty Bennett (7 Articles)
Scotty Bennett is a retired businessman who has worn many hats in his life, the latest of which is theater critic. For the last twelve years he has been a theater critic and is currently the treasurer of the American Theatre Critics Association and a member of the International Association of Theatre Critics. He has been in and around the entertainment business for most of his life. He has been an actor, director, and stage hand. He has done lighting, sound design, and set building. He was a radio disk jockey and, while in college ran a television studio and he even knows how to run a 35mm arc lamp projector.
Tammany Hall
This immersive entertainment takes place in a speakeasy, a boxing ring and a Broadway theater as the audience follows the NYC mayoral election of 1929.
Happy Birthday Doug
A cross section of contemporary gay male characters are terrifically enacted by Drew Droege in his self-written witty solo-play that's snappily presented.
Katie Goodman's Broad Comedy
A sassy, but uneven, look at women today.
Wild Dogs Under My Skirt
Powerful and engrossing New Zealand play from Tusiata Avia's acclaimed autobiographical book of poems is a challenge as there are many untranslated Samoan words.
Rap Guide to Climate Chaos
Baba Brinkman's latest rap show dives deep into the controversial issue of global warming in an entertaining, clever and education way.


The MenuPages app, which has been available for the iPhone for some time, is now available in a new version for the Android.
Minnesota has approved the "cheeseburger bill," which would block consumers from blaming the fast-food industry for weight gain and health problems.
Don't throw away those seeds and pits. Plant them and see what sprouts. It will probably be nothing, but you could also get lucky.
Shaved steak is always tender, whether it's sirloin or chuck, and is great for everything from carpaccio to pho.
Now that young women make more than young men on average in New York City, they're expected to pick up the tab for dinner.


text:
Andrew Sprowle (1710 – 1776) was a Scottish-born merchant, naval agent, landowner, shipyard owner, slaveholder and slave trader in Portsmouth, Virginia. Today Andrew Sprowle  is best remembered for establishing the Gosport Ship Yard,  now known as Norfolk Naval Shipyard. Sprowle emigrated from Milton, West Dunbartonshire, Scotland to what is currently the Commonwealth of Virginia in the mid-18th century, where he lived until his death on 29 May 1776.

Early life
Andrew Sprowle was born in 1710 in Milton, Dunbartonshire, Scotland, the third son of John Sprowle, Laird of Milton. Andrew's father, John Spreull I, held a number of important and profitable government posts such as Commissioner of Supply for Ayrshire and Dumbarton and for paying army troops in the area. These crown positions, made him responsible for the collection and recording of land tax. During the Jacobite revolts of 1708, 1715 and 1719 see Jacobitism, Andrew's father John, stayed loyal to the crown and continued in office. As a young man Andrew Sprowle,probably journeyed from his home in Milton, the five miles to Glasgow often. His older brother John III, was enrolled in the Glasgow University and his father as a Commissioner would have had frequent business with contracts for the army in the port city. According to James Spreull, Andrew Sprowle's father died sometime in early 1731. Andrew's older brother John Spreull II, in accordance with primogeniture, inherited both the title of Laird , and family property. In Andrew Sprowle's lifetime, the family surname was spelled variously, sometimes even in the same document. Among the different spellings were, Sproule, Spreulle, Sproul, Sproull, and Sprowle. For example, Andrew's father, John, spelled his name Spreull while Andrew spelled it "Spreule and Sprowle." In this article, the family surname is spelled, Sprowle, the way he spelled it in his 1774 will, the exceptions being quotations from historical documents.

There is only one brief 1768 account by merchant William Nelson, of Andrew Sprowle's physical appearance. This was included in a letter Nelson to John Norton, regarding a welcome speech Andrew Sprowle delivered on behalf of the Virginia merchants, to the new colonial Governor Norborne Berkeley.,"The old Fellow wears his own Hair, as white as old Charles Hansford's was, with a Pig tail to it, but bald as the brave Lord Granby;John Manners, Marquess of Granby and cuts as droll a Figure as you ever saw Him in a Silk coat & two or three holes in his stocking at the same Time he is a respectable Appearance, the oldest among the Trade, & acquitted himself well. Sprowle's address to the governor showed "plainness [sic] Elegance & Simplicity, and far out does the studied Performance of the P[rofessors] & Masters of the College."

In his 1774 will, Andrew Sprowle, confirmed he had a portrait made and carefully notated his instructions regarding its disposition, "I recommend my picture being sent home to my sister. She orders the delivery of it and at her death to those relations of mine that will take good care of it." The portrait was apparently sent to his younger sister Jane, current location unknown.  The family history though is available in James Sproule's Eight Centuries of the Spreull and Sproule Families.

Portsmouth, Virginia

Andrew Sprowle, like many younger sons, left Scotland about 1733 to seek his fortune in Virginia, the exact date is disputed. His second wife Katherine Hunter Sprowle, later recalled, Andrew came to colonial Virginia circa 1725, however British documents record him as arriving in Virginia in 1733. Yet another publication Scots on the Chesapeake 1607 - 1830 has Sprowle arriving in Virginia in 1735.   Few documents regarding his early years in Hampton Roads, survive. These are mostly fragments of court records listing ships and property that he owned.   After emigrating from Scotland, he settled in Norfolk Borough  where opportunities for wealth were available in the soon-developing town of Portsmouth. The first records we have for Andrew Sprowle in Virginia, reflect by the 1730s, he was associated with Alexander Mackenzie, a Scottish merchant "as apprentice, clerk, or partner, later becoming an independent merchant in the mid-1740s..."

Sprowle was well respected in the mercantile community, serving for 36 years as President of the Court of Virginia Merchants. While Sprowle became substantial men of business in the 1750s he never
attained any local political office such as alderman. According to Norfolk County Court records, he was listed as a merchant of Norfolk Borough in 1746, and in 1752 purchased Portsmouth lots (numbers 11, 12 and 24) from William Crawford, acquiring other town lots and extending his holdings within a few years across Crab Creek with several waterfront tracts in Gosport, including part of the site of what later became the Gosport Navy Yard, and was still buying Gosport property as late as 1772.

In 1763, Portsmouth underwent its first annexation, expanding the western boundary. The same year, an early governing body of Town Trustees were named, including Andrew Sprowle, George Veale, Thomas Veale, Charles Steuart, Humphrey Roberts, Francis Miller, James Rae, David Purcell and Amos Etheridge.

Marriage to Anabella McNeill
In his 1774 will Andrew Sprowle wrote he wished to be buried in Trinity Church grounds, Portsmouth, Virginia,"I also order for myself a genteel funeral but not extravagant and to be buried in Portsmouth church yard alongside the funeral pile of Anabella McNeill, alias Sprowle and such a tombstone erected for my remains and to be covered with Irish marble stone now lying at Gosport. ." Except for this brief mention, no other records have been found regarding Sprowle's first wife.

Slaveholder/Slave Trader

While widely known that Andrew Sprowle's established the Gosport shipyard which built and repaired naval and merchant ships, the extent of his slave-holding, slave trading and ownership of slave trading vessels, has receive far less attention. Thomas McCulloch, Andrew Sprowle's business manager and executor of his estate, later testified that Sprowle's highly trained enslaved workforce were integral to his shipyard and other businesses. "Among the men an excellent Skipper and Pilot and two or three good sailors, an excellent Caulker, a Cooper, a Miller, a Mason, a Joiner, a Painter, a Glazier, a Sawyer, three good Planters and several Jobbers."   Thomas McCulloch specifically noted Sprowle hired out his enslaved workers for other nautical jobs for additional income and added that "Mr. Sprowle's Books of Accounts will shew the wages for them hired." McCulloch further explained that Lord Dunmore's hasty departure from Virginia," Mr. Sprowle's negro sailors being all dead, he was exposed to great danger and suffered much distress.", see thumbnail re his statement of 26 January 1784. The enslaved women were listed as "Cooks, Laundry Maids , Sempstresses , House Maids , Spinners &c." McCulloch calculated the total value of the enslaved workforce as £1200 sterling. Except for their monetary value Andrew Sprowle, showed little regard for his large enslaved workforce. In 1774, he left instructions "I order my plantation at Sewells Point be disposed of not too soon with my Negros or without." Ever the business man, Sprowle explained that the blacks, the other wares and merchandise to fetch a good price  "be disposed of not too soon from the hardness of the time." Documentation for Andrew Sprowle's enslaved workforce taken from the Virginia Tax records can be found posted at the University of Sidney, Black Loyalist, under Andrew Sproule (Sprowle). One of Sprowle's warehouses was used as a slave market. A substantial slaveholder Sprowle still occasionally rented additional enslaved labor from the Elizabeth River Anglican Vestry to supplement his household staff.

In 1935 scholar Elisabeth Donnon, found at least two of Andrew Sprowle's vessels, the brigantine Saint Andrew and the sloop Providence, employed in the intercolonial slave trade. British Admiralty records from the years 1748 to 1751 confirmed Sprowle as the owner of both vessels. There is evidence that the  St. Andrew, Providence and a third Sprowle vessel named the Glasgow, in the 1740s and 1750 made transatlantic voyages; which carried several hundred enslaved Africans to the Caribbean. The majority Intra-American and Trans Atlantic records do not provide the names of the vessel owners on the official manifests. The documentation for Intra-American and Trans Atlantic slave trade during the colonial era, is discussed by David Elis. A vessel of Andrew Sprowle's may have been responsible for forcibly abducting an African man named "Tango"  from Guinea on the west African coast (see thumbnail),  and transporting him via the triangular trade to Portsmouth Virginia. Tango was recaptured and he is recorded in Andrew Sprowle's 1774 will see thumbnail. George Washington, on a trip to Barbados recorded in his diary entry, for, 18 October 1751, "A sloop called the Glasgow, Matthew Stroud,comd ,owner Andrew Sprowle." The vessel cleared Port Hampton 18 Oct. 1751, bound for St. Kitts. George Washington was somewhat familiar with Sprowle as the firm of "Sprowle & Crooks" is recorded for the year 1771 in Washington's business ledgers re the purchase of candles.

Privateer

During the French and Indian War (1754-1763) Andrew Sprowle, at his shipyard, outfitted and armed vessels as privateers. During the war, Francis Fauquier (1703-1768),  Lieutenant Governor of Virginia Colony, issued Sprowle, and other rich merchants, letters of marque and reprisal which made it legal for them to convert merchant vessels so as to attack, board and seize foreign ships which were at war with Great Britain. "Sprowle was active enough in his sponsorship of privateers to attract the attention of British officials". Sprowle's ship was said to have intercepted and captured a Spanish vessel,taken the vessel, her cargo and held her crew and captain prisoner. since Spain was not technically at war with Great Britain, this action provoked a complaint from the Spanish government to the office of the Board of Trade in London and provoked governor Fauquier, to write the following, "For I granted a letter of Marque to Mr. Sprowle, a Merchant of Norfolk, for a privateer, He has refused to make him any satisfaction although he [the Spanish Captain] fell sick and died in the country. His [Sprowle] conduct has appeared to me so scandalous." There is no records that Governor Fauquier ever followed up on this incident, though Sprowle and other privateers made a lucrative business in selling and auctioning such cargo, see thumbnail.

"A Merchant of Great Repute"
An anonymous French traveler in April 1767, visited Andrew Sprowle's new residence, near Portsmouth Virginia where he dined and was shown the estate and the shipyard. Much impressed with Sprowle's Gosport residence, he wrote,

"April the 19th, dined today with Andrew Sproul Esq., the head man of Portsmouth. He lives in a pleasant place separated by a creek from the town. His house goes by the name of Gosport. He has a very fine wharf, before his door, where the Kings ships generally heave down. This gentleman is a merchant of great repute."

Gosport Shipyard

Sprowle founded the Gosport Ship Yard in 1767 under the British flag.

The new shipyard was undoubtedly modeled on similar installations Sprowle saw as a young man on the banks of the River Clyde. As Thomas Costa has written Andrew Sprowe's Gosport shipyard was "literally a domain apart from the local merchants." Sprowle's business acumen was in locating his new shipyard directly across the Elizabeth River from Portsmouth Virignia. He also demonstrated a flair for marketing by christening his new ship yard "Gosport", short for "Gods Port", after a similar one in England. His central warehouse was meant to be permanent. The new yard included a large five-story warehouse which was then one of the largest buildings in North America. The massive structure was five stories and built with stone, 91 feet in length and 41 feet wide the whole of very substantial materials and strong work and craft value upwards of 1,000 £ sterling. His shipyard, rapidly became a local wonder. Sprowle's business agent, Thomas McCulloch, later testified "that at Gosport which he founded and where he dwelt his Majesty's Ships on that Station usually layover in the Winter months for the convenience of watering and other necessities and on occasion careened, refitted or repaired." Sprowle's new shipyard on the Elizabeth River quickly enabled him to command much of the ship work in the colony and as his yard and warehouses at Gosport grew it became one of the largest complexes of its kind in the South.

In addition, Sprowle's shipyard property included three other warehouses, an accounting house, smith's shop, a dwelling house and kitchen and a large iron crane with brass sheaves, imported from London. The shipyard now known as Norfolk Naval Shipyard, and is the United States Navy's oldest continually operating shipyard, predating the U.S. Department of the Navy by 31 years.

The Norfolk Anti-inoculation Riots 1768-1769

In the summer of 1768 fear of smallpox, Variola major contagion prevailed in the Norfolk area, motivated a group of Scottish merchants led Dr. Archibald Campbell,(this group included Andrew Sprowle) to seek inoculation. The merchants requested Dr. John Dalgleish to inoculate through Variolation their families and their slaves, against smallpox. Rumors quickly spread that a similar effort in Yorktown, Virginia, had triggered a smallpox epidemic. This left many citizens, confused frightened and suspicious. Slaveholders routinely inoculated their slaves and watched the results prior to inoculating their own families; in the public mind this drove fear that inoculation might actually spread smallpox rather than check it. As this fear spread among those opposed to inoculation, mobs formed and attacked Dr. Campbell's plantation which was to be the inculcation site. Two days later, his house was burned down. Those who were inoculated were driven by the mob to the Norfolk pest house. Dr. Dalgleish, was bought to trial but not cleared until the following year, since inoculation though relatively new was not against Virginia or Crown law. In June 1770 however, an act to "regulate the Smallpox with in the Colony" was passed to severely penalize "anyone willfully importing variolous matter with the intention of inoculating".  The smallpox riots at Norfolk in 1768 and 1769 left a bitter legacy. One reason was the rioters who attacked the merchants were never held to account and the Scottish merchants including Andrew Sprowle became identified in the public mind, with allowing their slaves to spread contagion. A second was in Colonial America,  there was growing unrest over financial obligations to the Scottish merchants – this could have very well been a motivating factor behind the violence and bias in Norfolk.  Many of those in Norfolk who identified with the patriot cause during these years were against inoculation and as well as most of the elected leaders in the Norfolk community, the result was a further erosion of public confidence in the judiciary's power to bring law breakers to justice. Many of anti -inoculation group, would later claim Sprowle and the other pro-inoculation loyalists attempted to spread the dread disease. Shortly after Sprowle's death, just such a note appeared in the 15 June 1776 issue of the Virginia Gazette, gloatingly linked the two.

 We learn from Gloucester, that Lord Dunmore has erected hospitals upon Gwyn's Island; that his old friend Andrew Sprowle is dead. and that they are inoculating the blacks for the smallpox. His Lordship, before the departure of the fleet from Norfolk harbor, had two of those wretches inoculated and sent ashore, in order to spread the infection, but it was happily prevented.

Such riots would be the last of their kind in North America, as with the invention of the smallpox vaccine by English scientist Edward Jenner in 1798 (which quickly spread to the United States and received widespread adoption there) smallpox gradually receded as a major disease. While there is documentation that Sprowle supported inoculation, it is unclear if he himself or his enslaved workforce were vaccinated yet the rumors linking him and his fellow Scots to some fantastical inoculation plot would persist beyond his death.

Chairmen of the Board of Trade

In 1769 a group of wealthy merchants gathered in Williamsburg to set rules with the intention "to expedite the mode and shorten the expense of doing business". They adopted and fixed specific days during April, July, October, and November to engage in their collective business. Their rules sought to limit the period for setting the rate of exchange and for payment of all money contracts and give the group an organized voice with which to approach the House of Burgesses and the colonial Lieutenant Governor. For their leader they elected Andrew Sprowle. One of the first meeting led to the group,  agreeing a non-importation agreement not import tea, glass, or paint into Virginia, until the Townshend Acts or duties, were repealed. Andrew Sprowle as the elected leader of the merchants association was a prominent signatory to the agreement. After signing, the association walked in procession from the capital rotunda to Raleigh's Tavern where Sprowle and moderator Peyton Randolph led the group in numerous loyal toasts to the King, the Queen etc.

Marriage to Katherine Leslie Hunter

Katherine Leslie Hunter was from Glasgow,Scotland and had come to colonial America with her first husband, James Hunter, a merchant, whom she married on 2 June 1754 in Glasgow. Together they settled in the Chesapeake Bay area and had had seven children. Katherine would have known Andrew Sprowle, for her husband James was his nephew. She later testified that James Hunter died 12 October 1774 and further stated that, "  on the Twenty ninth day of October, one thousand seven hundred and seventy five she intermarried with Andrew Sprowle of Gosport in Virginia Merchant." On the day of her wedding to Andrew Sprowle, Katherine wrote to her daughter Katherine Hunter, then attending finishing school in Glasgow,Scotland, to stress diligence in her studies and the utility of practical subjects, "Let you Continue with Miss Logan. Apply Close to the Shop writing & arithmetick [arithmetic] which you don't mention & you'll find one of the most agreeable & useful Branches of Education next to reading& writing & Spelling , so I hope you will attend after this..." She then reminded her daughter of her obligation to her great uncle Andrew Sprowle, "How grateful ought you & all of us to be to such a benefactor, Be sure to write Him one of your best Letters of thanks ...  "Like the vast majority of Scottish merchants and their factors in Virginia and Maryland, Andrew and Katherine Sprowle were supporters of the crown. Katherine and Andrew would retain ties to their mother country to the end of their lives." She was well known to Governor Dunmore (see thumbnail) in Gosport, Katherine hosted regular balls at the British barracks during which servicemen and Loyalist civilians mingled freely.

Revolutionary War
Sprowle's contributions during the American Revolutionary War were largely to provide extensive material and logistical support for the British Royal Navy. Early in the War, the Elizabeth River Sprowle's Gosport shipyard was occupied by the ships of Lord Dunmore, Royal Governor of Virginia. There Lord Dunmore was hosted by Sprowle, a personal friend and Tory supporter (Loyalist), at his residence, resulting in Gosport being "virtually the Royal capital of Virginia."

On the defensive, Dunmore established martial law and fortified his position in Virginia. At Gosport on 29 October 1775 Katherine wrote her daughter, Indeed Gosport is the only place in the country which holds all the friends of the Government Army & Navy. We are all one family & your worthy friend Mr. [Andrew] Sprowle the Father of all & no one does anything without His advice & Direction, even the Governor himself , who stiles Himself Lieutenant Governor of Gosport. The Officers of the Army & Navy spend their Evenings here & we often have Balls in the Store House where they all Lodge, the old Gentleman Says I am Directress of both the Army & Navy , as passes & permits are asked by me.

Lord Dunmore was later driven from the area by the Continental Army during the Battle of Great Bridge (9 December 1775). Following the British defeat at Great Bridge, Dunmore forces were forced out of Norfolk and onto British ships off shore, here he hoped to launch guerilla raids on rebel plantations using the flotilla as a floating base camp. Smallpox and possibly typhus quickly broke out among those packed aboard these vessels. Many have speculated, the crammed conditions in the ships of Dunmore's fleet of Loyalist refugees, former slaves, soldiers and sailors made these vessels floating vectors for disease.

Andrew Sprowle was "petrified about being labeled a Loyalist"and acknowledged his main interest was "self preservation". In an intercepted letter, dated 1 November 1775 which he wrote to fellow Scot, George Brown, Sprowle conveyed both his anxiety and fear, "the Virginians" were "all against the Scots men," often threatening "to Exterpate them."  Another letter from Sprowle to fellow Scottish merchant Peter Peterson, of Greenock Scotland, in late 1775, provides a glimpse of his increasing worry and apprehension as the situation of Lord Dunmore and Norfolk Loyalist community further deteriorated. About 300 regulars of the 14th regiment at Gosport, in my storehouse; able to defend themselves against 1000, and more, of our Virginia men. More forces expected daily from [Saint] Augustine. Most astonishing no letters since May from the ministry to Lord Dunmore; but some forces, and ships of war, daily looked for from Britain. God send them soon. While the soldiers remains at Gosport, I am safe.These intercepted letters quickly came into the hands of Norfolk Committee of Safety,  and were widely published in whole or in part. Sprowle's name also surfaced in a letter from Norfolk merchant, Walter Hatton, of 21 November 1775,  to fellow Loyalist Nathaniel Coffin in Boston. In his letter Hatton castigated "the Damned Committee" , spoke of the "diluted people", then instructed the recipient, "My letters please direct to the care of Mr. Sprowle Norfolk (or Gosport rather) who will forward them & what money you may have of mine in your hands."

On 16 November 1775 Lord Dunmore entered Norfolk and administered the oath of allegiance to the King and government to the Scottish merchants. This and the intercepted letters solidified existing suspicion of Scottish merchants and tended to show Sprowle "and the other merchants were as deceitful as the most skeptical radicals believed."    Revolutions often force those who equivocate to make a choice. In the end, Sprowle, like many Loyalists though reluctant to risk his commercial ties, his status as a British Naval Agent, and his relationship with Lord Dunmore, remained loyal to the crown. After the war, John Murray, Lord Dunmore, vouched for Sprowle's fidelity during the war. Andrew Sproule Esquire late of Gosport in Virginia, John Hunter of the same place and John Hunter Junior, Esquire and Mr. Thomas McCulloch the entire same place, manifested the warmest attachment to his Majesty's Government during the Late Rebellion in America. That Mr. Hunter served as officer in the Troops raised by me in Virginia and Mr. Sproule and Mr. McCulloch were equally zealous and active in promoting his Majesty's interest and Service in that Country.,  Dunmore 23rd July 1785 In Katherine Sprowle's statement to the Loyalty Board, of 10 October 1785, she confirmed both their loyalty and services to the crown. When Lord Dunmore came to Gosport in 1775 Mr. Sprowle supplied the British Troop with Barracks and kept open House for all officers of the Fleet & Army. She was not married to him at this time - She married him in October 6, 1775 at Mr. Sprowle's House at Gosport before they went on board ship. Says what service she could render to the British and none to the Americans - never in any manner abetted their cause. Katherine testified that in revenge for Andrew Sprowle support of British troops, "on 4 January 1776, a party from the Rebel American Army then a Norfolk went to Gosport, where they burned and destroyed almost every building in the place - about the same time another went to his plantation at Sewell's Point where they carried off the Slaves, drove off his stock of cattle, burnt his barn and destroyed all his crops"

Captain John Balat, a British officer, with the 14th Regiment of Foot, left, the following recollection of Andrew Sprowle, during the war. His attachment and loyalty was conspicuous to the Government was conspicuous. On the arrival of troops he voluntarily gave up Houses for their accommodation, and upon all occasions endeavored to make our situation comfortable as possible.  This conduct made him exceedingly obnoxious to the Rebels. After the unfortunate affair of the Battle of Great Bridge; he notwithstanding his age and infirmities was obligated to take refuge on Board of Ship, where he had the mortification to see his property destroyed by fire.

John Hunter Jr., Andrew Sprowle's grandnephew and Katherine's son, a captain in the Queens Loyal Virginia Regiment, fought at Battle of Great Bridge; he later testified,  "he lived under the care and direction of his uncle,[Andrew Sprowle] till the beginning of the late troubles then influenced by the example of his relations ...cordially hazarded life and his future prospects in endeavoring to support its interest and authority."

In his summation of Andrew Sprowle's losses incurred during the American Revolution, Thomas McCulloch, gave the total amount as, £20,703.01, Sterling

Death
Sprowle attempted to flee the Commonwealth of Virginia on 25 May 1776, after it fell to the Continental Army, but was unsuccessful.  Following the British retreat from Portsmouth in May 1776, Sprowle along with other Loyalists accompanied Dunmore's fleet to Gwynn's Island (now Mathews County, Virginia).His widow Katherine recalled "The distress were too much for Mr.Sprowle's advanced age. He fell sacrifice May 29, 1776 still on board a vessel a vessel at Gwyns Island." That same day Sprowle had signed two codicils to his 1774 will acknowledging Katherine as his lawful spouse and heir along with his grandnephew John Hunter Jr.    While some claim Sprowle was buried in an unmarked grave, this is disputed. A Patriot officer who came on Gwynn Island shortly after the departure of the British fleet reported viewing Sprowle's grave.

On arrival we found the enemy had evacuated the place with the greatest precipitation and were struck with horror, the number of dead bodies in a state of putrefaction, strewed all the way from their battery to Cherry Point about two miles in length, without a shovelful of earth upon them; others gasping for life and some crawled to the water's edge, who could only make known their distress by beckoning to us. By the smallpox and other malignant disorders which raged on board the fleet for many months past, it is clear they have since their arrival at Gwynn's Island lost near 500 souls. I myself counted 130 graves (or rather a hole, loosely covered with earth) close together, large enough to contain a corporal guard. One in the middle was neatly done up with turf, and is supposed to contain the remains of the late Lord of Gosport.

Thomas McCulloch, Sprowle's business manager, summarized his patron's death, thus, "that the said Andrew Sprowle continued with the fleet under his Majesty's Governor till the last of May 1776, when at Gwyns Island among the wreck of his property he died..."

In 1916 historian H.J.Eckenrode, wrote of Sprowle, he had "no real partisanship, merely desiring to live in peace; but it was not possible in Norfolk for a man of his position to occupy a neutral attitude during the latter months of 1775. Sprowle could not bring himself to abandon his property and seek safety in the interior like the majority of Norfolk people of patriot sympathies. He stuck by his goods and paid for it." Writing in 1991, Thomas Costa, concluded Sprowle was Loyalist, albeit a somewhat reluctant one,  " [He] probably decided that his sympathies lay with the British. As a merchant, one of his main considerations was with the stoppage of commerce. He, too, saw the coming conflict as a threat to property, but viewed the patriots as the chief enemies to property." As Loyalists Andrew and Katherine Sprowle were by no means alone, modern scholarship estimates about 20% of the population remained loyal to Great Britain and by 1783, about 60,000 had fled to other parts of the British Empire.

Deaths in Sprowle's Enslaved Workforce

Thomas McCulloch in his meticulous account of Andrew Sprowle's financial losses,  notated the horrific demise of Sprowle's large enslaved workforce to disease and abduction. McCulloch's concern though was confined elusively to calculating his employers financial losses as a requisite for future financial reimbursement.  McCulloch testified "of the Negros some were saved and carried to New York but 29 Negros were lost by Death owning to the contagious Distemper got on board the fleet or by being taken off by the Rebels of these he has heard of one in the back country and that person in whose possession he is willing to pay for him. [He] Says 25 of the Negros died of contagious distemper between December 1775 & July 1776 and were taken together at £1,200 Sterling." Sir Andrew Snape Hamond, 1st Baronet, Commander of his Majesty's Ship  HMS Roebuck (1774), later indicated that most of the black troops "had been inoculated before they left Norfolk and that they got through the disorder with great success, only to be assailed by a fever, perhaps typhus, when they reached Gwynn's Island.  The surviving British documentation confirmed three individuals, Dorothy Bush age 36, Venus Profit age 50 and James Knapp age 12, in 1783 were safely relocated to Canada. Venus Profit and Dorothy Bush are referred to as "Venus' and "Moll" in Andrew Sprowle's 1774 will, see thumbnail. The British records for Dorothy Bush aka "Doll",state she was , "Formerly Slave to Andrew Sproule, Portsmouth. Left 7 years ago, Certificate from General Birch. She says her master Andrew Sproule [Sprowle]gave her freedom before he died which was seven years ago."  If so then Dorothy Bush, was the only enslaved individual, Andrew Sprowle released from bondage and one of the last people to see him alive.

Legacy

Following her husband's death, Katherine Sprowle immediately sought assistance to regain Andrew Sprowle estate or reimbursement. On 28 June 1776 she wrote to naval officer, Captain Andrew Snape Hamond RN, who commanded Lord Dunmore's fleet,empathizing her plight and resolve for restitution. "How Mr. Sprowle had been harried & fallen a sacrifice...his poor widow whose last advice was to fly but not until she had settled his affairs..."

After the Revolutionary War, Thomas McCulloch, acting for Katherine and her son John Hunter Jr., calculated Sprowle's total property losses as: £20,703.01, pounds sterling. They also submitted an itemized list of debts due Andrew Sprowle as totaling: £10,703, pounds sterling.  Katherine relentlessly pleaded for help from the British Loyalty Board, Lord Duncanon, the State of Virginia, and even Benjamin Franklin and Thomas Jefferson,where she achieved some limited success. Despite destruction wrought by war,a small amount of Sprowle's estate survived,e.g. part of the Gosport shipyard and at least a portion of his enslaved workforce. Records of the Virginia House of Burgesses, reflect the council advised the Governor of Virginia on 8 July 1780, "to employ some proper person to purchase that part of the estate of Andrew Sprowle known commonly by the name of Gosport in Norfolk County for the purpose of a shipyard & able male slaves of the estate for the public, to work in a lead mine." Other council records dated 16 November 1779 state that the "auditor be directed to issue McLauchlan as attorney of Andrew Sprowle deceased, for so much money as has been accounted for the hire arising from his slaves." The state auditor directed the Treasury pay the "said Andrew Sprowle the sum of £ 111.68 being in full for the hire of stores and Slaves." Yet another directed that "Katherine Sprowle now Douglas and John Hunter, [Andrew Sprowle's grandnephew]  'receive the Negros now in public labor belonging to the estate of Andrew Sprowle and give order for their delivery." In her quest for compensation, Katherine Sprowle, proved to be a formidable, outspoken advocate, an educated and fearless women in an age when females "were expected to be humble and differential..." On March 6, 1783 the Loyalist board finally ruled in Katherine Sprowle's favor , they confirmed her marriage and praised her husband's efforts on behalf of the British government, but granted her a smaller pension than she expected.

References

External links

1710 deaths
1776 deaths
American Revolutionary War deaths
American slave traders
American slave owners
People from West Dunbartonshire
Virginia colonial people


ENVIRONMENTAL WARFARE ON BAYVIEW, HUNTERS POINT??
Lack of access to healthy foods, inadequate transportation, lack of exercise facilities, and violence all serve to restrict BVHP residents' ability to exercise and eat healthy foods. According to the Surgeon General, physical activity not only helps manage weight and lowers the risk of heart disease, colon cancer, and Type 2 Diabetes; it also improves self-esteem, and lowers feelings of depression and anxiety. Combining physical activity and a healthy diet lowers the risk of many diseases and health conditions, and improves a person's quality of life.
Cancer is a major cause of years of life lost in Bayview Hunters Point. African-American women and men have the highest mortality rates of any other racial/ethnic group for several major cancers. Lung cancer causes the most deaths of all cancers in BVHP, and breast cancer among women and prostate cancer among men come next. Smoking causes more than eight in ten cases of lung cancer, and exposure to secondhand smoke increases risk by 30%. Air pollution, exposure to asbestos, and diet also increase the risk of getting lung cancer. Physical inactivity, obesity, alcohol consumption, and poor diet all increase the risk of acquiring breast cancer. It is unclear whether smoking or environmental pollution increases the risk of breast cancer.
In the early 90's, parts of Bayview emerged as hotspots for AIDS cases among injection drug users (IDUs). Bayview is also a hotspot for heterosexual AIDS cases, reflecting the fact that African-Americans form the predominant group of heterosexual AIDS cases in San Francisco. 6 While most Bayview Hunters Point residents living with HIV/AIDS had their medical care needs met in 2003, they also have lower rates of Highly Active Anti-Retroviral Therapy (HAART) use than much of the city, and, partially as a result, a lower five-year survival rate once diagnosed with AIDS. African-American women bear a disproportionate burden of female HIV/AIDS cases; almost 46% of women with HIV/AIDS in San Francisco are African-American. HIV/AIDS in Bayview Hunters Point is unique when compared to the majority of other city neighborhoods. While in the rest of San Francisco the majority of HIV/AIDS cases occur in MSM, Bayview Hunters Point residents with HIV/AIDS are mostly heterosexual. As a result, prevention and care must be altered accordingly.
Chlamydia infection remains an important health problem in California with an estimated 600,000 new chlamydial infections a year and about 10% of the population with a subsequent reduction in fertility. While national, state and local guidelines advises routine chlamydia screening for all women under the age of 25, many medical providers fail to routinely screen their patients. DPH examined rates by 39 neighborhoods in San Francisco. The neighborhoods with the highest rates of chlamydia were in the southeastern sector of the city – Bayview Hunters Point. Overall, in 2004, Chlamydia rates among African Americans were five times greater than whites.
Job 1:10 Have you not put a hedge around him and his household and everything he has? You have blessed the work of his hands, so that his flocks and herds are spread throughout the land.
Psalm 91:4 He will cover you with his feathers,and under his wings you will find refuge;his faithfulness will be your shield and rampart.


text:
Washington Nationals: Pace of play problems are real
NEW YORK, NY - APRIL 11: A clock used to time pitching changes runs in left field as the Boston Red Sox face the New York Yankees at Yankee Stadium on April 11, 2015 in the Bronx borough of New York City. (Photo by Jeff Zelevansky/Getty Images) /
A showdown looms between the Washington Nationals, MLB and the players over the use of a pitch clock. The time to ignore it is over.
The Washington Nationals and Major League Baseball have a pace of play problem. The game is too slow.
Last year, your average nine-inning MLB game to 3:05 to play. The Nats only had 28 games clock in at 2:50 or under. That is 17 percent. You want that figure closer to half.
Mind you, one of baseball's biggest draws is how little the sport regards time. We play until the home team has used their required 27 outs or are ahead after the visitors ran out of outs. Whether it takes 90 minutes or five hours, everyone gets their proper turn. Hopefully, that will never change.
The problem is how we get there.
MLB Commissioner Rob Manfred is correct something must give. A look at the attendance trends gives the answer. MLB peaked at the gate in 2007 with 79,484,718 paid tickets or a 32,696 game average. Last year, 72,670,425 bought tickets with the game average settling at 29,905. The last time MLB failed drawing less than 30k a night was 2003.
The average nine-inning game in 2007? A "neat-and-tidy" 2:51. Fourteen minutes is not chump change.
This is why Manfred wants a pitch clock. The players union and some of you want no restrictions. Here, Manfred is right.
Although there is nothing wrong with a four-hour marathon with both teams edging in disaster, there are too many nights where 3-2 games slog along into the fifth inning passing the two-hour mark. Pitchers slow to a crawl. Hitters step out and readjust their protective gear every pitch. The catcher and pitcher are not on the same page on signs.
When you add the commercial breaks for television and the pitching changes, you have a product with too many dull spots. Those of you who go to Washington Redskins games understand the frustration of sitting through double breaks after a change of possession. Just play the game.
MLB must do what it can to remove the dead spots without cutting strategy short. A pitch clock helps, but all parties must find a solution that works for everybody. By walking away, the MLB Players Association makes the problem worse.
Next: Will Turner's playoff slump bleed over?
For the Nats, as they continue establishing themselves as a premier team, it is in their best interest to showcase an efficient entertainment product. Speeding games along does not cheapen the spot or its history, but makes the game smoother.


According to Bob Condotta of the Seattle Times, Seattle Seahawks tight end Nick Vannett is expected to play a bigger role in his second year, and could potentially push Luke Willson for the team's No. 2 TE role.
In his rookie year, Vannett played 57 snaps for the Seahawks, and saw just four targets for 32 yards. He performed well in limited pass protection, and didn't allow a single pressure on 11 pass blocking snaps. His overall grade of 54.4 beat out Willson's grade of 53.3 for the 2016 season.
He averaged 1.14 yards per route run, which bettered Willson's average of 0.92 and the NFL average of 1.12. He also finished the 2016 season with the fourth-most yards per route run among rookie tight ends.