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Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry
Chiral discrimination of α-hydroxy acids and N-Ts-α-amino acids induced by tetraaza macrocyclic chiral solvating agents by using 1H NMR spectroscopy†
Caixia Lv,a Lei Feng,a Hongmei Zhao,b Guo Wang,c Pericles Stavropoulosd and Lin Ai *a
a College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
E-mail: linai@bnu.edu.cn
b Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
c Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing 10048, P. R. China
d Department of Chemistry, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri 65409, USA
In the field of chiral recognition, reported chiral discrimination by 1H NMR spectroscopy has mainly focused on various chiral analytes with a single chiral center, regarded as standard chiral substrates to evaluate the chiral discriminating abilities of a chiral auxiliary. Among them, chiral α-hydroxy acids, α-amino acids and their derivatives are chiral organic molecules involved in a wide variety of biological processes, and also play an important role in the area of preparation of pharmaceuticals, as they are part of the synthetic process in the production of chiral drug intermediates and protein-based drugs. In this paper, several α-hydroxy acids and N-Ts-α-amino acids were used to evaluate the chiral discriminating abilities of tetraaza macrocyclic chiral solvating agents (TAMCSAs) 1a–1d by 1H NMR spectroscopy. The results indicate that α-hydroxy acids and N-Ts-α-amino acids were successfully discriminated in the presence of TAMCSAs 1a–1d by 1H NMR spectroscopy in most cases. The enantiomers of the α-hydroxy acids and N-Ts-α-amino acids were assigned based on the change of integration of the 1H NMR signals of the corresponding protons. The enantiomeric excesses (ee) of N-Ts-α-amino acids 11 with different optical compositions were calculated based on the integration of the 1H NMR signals of the CH3 protons (Ts group) of the enantiomers of (R)- and (S)-11 in the presence of TAMCSA 1b. At the same time, the possible chiral discriminating behaviors have been discussed by means of the Job plots of (±)-2 with TAMCSAs 1b and proposed theoretical models of the enantiomers of 2 and 6 with TAMCSA 1a, respectively.
https://doi.org/10.1039/C6OB02578A
Org. Biomol. Chem., 2017,15, 1642-1650
Chiral discrimination of α-hydroxy acids and N-Ts-α-amino acids induced by tetraaza macrocyclic chiral solvating agents by using 1H NMR spectroscopy
C. Lv, L. Feng, H. Zhao, G. Wang, P. Stavropoulos and L. Ai, Org. Biomol. Chem., 2017, 15, 1642 DOI: 10.1039/C6OB02578A
Caixia Lv
Lei Feng
Hongmei Zhao
Guo Wang
Pericles Stavropoulos
Lin Ai

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Q: how to count observations based on timestamp condition I have a Pandas dataframe in the following format:
id   name    timestamp

001  movie1  2012-05-05  19:52:04
001  movie5  2012-05-05  13:42:52
001  movie3  2012-05-04  18:29:11
002  movie8  2012-05-05  13:18:31
002  movie7  2012-05-04  09:13:28
003  movie7  2012-05-05  19:23:45
003  movie1  2012-05-04  17:00:48
004  movie11 2012-05-05  12:55:34
005  movie8  2012-05-04  15:48:25
005  movie7  2012-05-04  11:14:53

with a few thousand rows.
The data shows the movies watched on a video streaming platform. Id is the user id, name is the name of the movie and timestamp is the timestamp at which the movie started.
How can I track if two movies are played consecutively (where consecutively means that the second one is played less than 2 hours from the first one?

A: You can try this, sort by user id and date, group by the user id, and find diff in hours:
df['timestamp'] = pd.to_datetime(df['timestamp'])
df.sort_values(by=['id', 'timestamp'], inplace=True)
df['time_diff'] = df.groupby(by=['id'])['timestamp'].diff().astype('timedelta64[h]')
df['<2'] = df['time_diff'] <= 2
print(df)

   id     name                 timestamp  time_diff     <2
2   1   movie3 2009-05-04 18:29:11+00:00        NaN  False
1   1   movie5 2009-05-05 13:42:52+00:00       19.0  False
0   1   movie1 2009-05-05 19:52:04+00:00        6.0  False
4   2   movie7 2009-05-04 09:13:28+00:00        NaN  False
3   2   movie8 2009-05-05 13:18:31+00:00       28.0  False
6   3   movie1 2009-05-04 17:00:48+00:00        NaN  False
5   3   movie7 2009-05-05 19:23:45+00:00       26.0  False
7   4  movie11 2009-05-05 12:55:34+00:00        NaN  False
9   5   movie7 2009-05-04 11:14:53+00:00        NaN  False
8   5   movie8 2009-05-04 15:48:25+00:00        4.0  False

A: You can transform it to a date stamp and subtract it
you can use pd.to_datetime then subtract the dates and see wich one has the biggest interval

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


In what may be the most important action in defense of public education and public sector unionism in recent years, the Chicago Teachers Union went out on strike on Monday, September 10th. On Friday, September 7th, the PSC Executive Council passed a resolution in support of the CTU. The August Clarion has an article explaining the issues.
"A victory for the Chicago Teachers Union," the resolution states, " would be a victory for public-sector employees nationally as we struggle to resist the imposition of austerity conditions; a victory for CUNY faculty and staff, as we face a regime of testing and standardization; and a victory for all who oppose the privatization of public resources and the plundering of public assets."
At a time of growing Islamophobia, including NYPD surveillance of Muslim students at CUNY and other universities, this year's series offers some cinematic representations - from within - of the variety of cultures in which Islam is a significant presence.
Please join your PSC sisters and brothers and their families in the Labor Day March on Saturday, September 8th.
We will gather as a union at 10:45 in front of the Roosevelt Hotel on the north side of East 45th Street between Madison and Vanderbilt. Then we will head over to our place in the staging area, on East 45th Street between 5th and Vanderbilt Avenues at 11:15am.
I appreciate the patience adjuncts have shown as you wait to hear about the future of your health insurance benefit. I can understand how difficult it is to wait for information when your own healthcare is at stake.
Details: meet at 749 East 229th Street between 5:30 - 6:00 PM, Thursday, July 19.
Next Thursday will be the 18th vigil for Ramarley Graham (who was 18 when he was killed). As we build toward the start of the trial for the cop who killed Ramarley, the family and supporters are asking for a big turnout to show the city and the cops that we aren't going to let the matter fade into the background as so often happens.
NYC Labor is standing with UWUA 1-2 in their fight with Con-Ed. Join us for a march & mass rally to show solidarity with Con-Ed Workers, Tuesday, July 17th.
Assemble at the Con Ed HQ picket line at 4 Irving Place at 4:30 pm, then march with locked-out Local 1-2 workers to Union Square for a 5:30 PM rally.
Students protested outside of the meeting as the Board of Trustees voted to increase the pay ranges for top CUNY executives.
The Board of Trustees voted Monday to approve a new set of salary ranges that would dramatically increase the maximum salaries that can be paid to top administrators at CUNY while a group of about 20 student protesters who objected to the potential pay hikes was barred from entering the meeting.
University-wide administrators would receive boosts of up to 41%, while maximum pay for CUNY college presidents was raised by 23% to 29%, depending on the institution.
The Supreme Court is set to rule on the Affordable Care Act this Thursday, and the City's labor unions and progressive community groups are gearing up for a rapid response, starting with a rally at 5:30 PM this Thursday, June 28 in Foley Square.
PSC members can access this list of labor-friendly candidates for the June 26 Primary Election, endorsed by our statewide affiliate, New York State United Teachers (NYSUT). The NYSUT endorsements come out of a process that involves the PSC and many other unions. PSC representatives advocated strongly for our choices and in many cases those candidates were endorsed by NYSUT.
See the Congressional primary results for New York State with candidate match-ups for the November election summarized here.
PSC member-activist Michelle Fine, has been honored by the PSC's statewide affiliate, New York State United Teachers, for her Viewpoint piece "Reclaiming Public Institutions, Our Best Hope for a Vibrant Democracy." She won first place in the category of Best Opinion Writing.


This Silver Lining scattering tube is an eco-friendly option and contains no metal or plastic. It is biodegradable, can be recycled, or retained as a keepsake. The adult size can hold up to 200 cubic inches, or 200 pounds of body weight before cremation. The mini size holds up to 20 cubic inches and offers the perfect way to incorporate family and friends into a scattering ceremony or to accommodate multiple scattering locations.


As all of you are probably very well aware, I now have absolutely no time for playing visual novels. Much less write about them.
Anyway, here's to saying that I'm super busy and that I actually didn't check out the blog at all until someone mentioned on twitter I should clean some stuff up from my blog.
You could just add me on twitter so I will reply you if you have any questions. As for the time being for the next 8 months, I'll be improving my relationships with trees and mudpools.
The banner up there is from The visual Novel : タペストリー -you will meet yourself-. It shows the main character and one of the main heroine.


You'd imagine that founding a town on an oceanside cliff would be a disaster waiting to happen, but the Italian resort town of Tropea has somehow managed to survive earthquakes, wars and more. The citizens of The Town of Tropea, which is situated on a reef in the gulf of St. Euphemia, credit their patron saint and protectress, the Madonna of Romania for their good fortune-- she's saved the city from at least 2 massive earthquakes and from WWII bombs dropped on the city, which fell into a hole and never detonated. Good luck, or miracle?
Tropea's history goes back even further than that. According to legend, the town was founded by Hercules after completing one of his 12 labors, but people have been living on this coast and soaking up those views since Neolithic times, and it seems like the area was constantly under attack: Arabs, Normans, Swabians, Anjous, Turkish pirates and Aragonese have all occupied the city at one point or another-- but who can blame them? The place looks almost unreal!
The best view of the town is from Santa Maria dell'Isola, a 7th century monastery just outside the city limits, but there are tons of hidden gems within the village, like the lovely beach. And after a long day of sunning yourself and relaxing, grab a snack at Gelateria Tonino. The mastermind behind the delicious sweet treat, Tonino, makes gelato in some pretty crazy flavors, like squid ink, n'duja salami, and even Tropea onion. Yum!


specifically designed for the female build, the atris birdie retains precisely the same design principles as her male counterpart, but is lighter and has a more responsive flex pattern. we calibrated the atris birdie's dimensions to hit the floatation sweet spot without compromising on it's hardpack feel. aimed at girls who love big open spaces and get up early on powder days, but who above all have fun whatever the conditions, the atris birdie is a 107mm go anywhere fun machine that you can use on a daily basis.


YouTube Creator Blog: Check out the Summer Labs at YouTube Space LA!
Check out the Summer Labs at YouTube Space LA!
Each month, the YouTube Space LA holds a Creator Lab, where we invite creators in the same area to come and spend time in the Space. There, they learn from our master technicians and programmers, collaborate on videos together and get to try out new tools of the trade.
In June, the YouTube Space LA was host to the Beauty Lab, where we invited twelve beauty and fashion gurus to come and work in the Space.
We welcomed Evelinicutza, GlamLifeGuru, WendyTeresita, dazzlemehay, ANNEORSHINE, GlassSlipperbeauty, thatssociciyo, Lagunabeachlove10, DaniAustin2, ArikaSato, beautybitten, and fashionnewslive. Be sure to check out their channels and the playlist below to see what amazing work they've done.
To inspire our Beauty Lab this month, we built our own runway so that they could create fun new videos for their channels. Also, we joined forces with YouTube star Michelle Phan and her company Ipsy to bring together over thirty other beauty and fashion channels including our Lab, several industry influencers and brands for an exclusive networking event and cocktail reception.
We also provided a two-day panel workshop resulting in a challenge for our Beauty Lab partners to collaborate with each other and come up with accessorized looks for Back-To-School videos. These will be available on HelloStyleChannel and annotated back to our creators' channels.
And what about next month? Well it's Geek Lab from June 17-July 20. If you are a self-described techie who likes special effects, animation, gaming, sci-fi, AND have a YouTube channel, then you're a card-carrying Geek and we would love to have you can sign up here.
Jennifer Vaden Barth, YTSLA Operations Coordinator, recently watched Evelina for summer couture guidance.


text:
Putin Signs Into Law Bills Banning Insults Against Government
President Vladimir Putin has signed legislation enabling Russian authorities to block websites and hand out punishment for "fake news" and material deemed insulting to the state or the public.
The two bills that critics see as part of a Kremlin effort to increase control over the Internet and stifle dissent were signed by the president on March 18, according to posts on the government portal for legal information.
The new legislation allows the authorities to block websites or internet accounts that publish what they deem to be "fake news" and penalize those who post material found to be insulting to state officials, state symbols, or Russian society.
The parliament's upper chamber, the Federation Council, approved the bills on March 13 after the lower chamber, the State Duma, gave final approval to the proposed legislation on March 7.
On March 11, the Russian Presidential Council for Development of Civil Society and Human Rights urged the upper house to send the bills back to the Duma to be reworked.
The presidential council, whose advice is often ignored by Putin, cited the European Convention on Human Rights and said freedom of expression cannot be restricted exclusively due to doubts about whether what is being expressed is true.
The new law empowers the prosecutor-general and his deputies to determine what constitutes fake news without a court decision, after which the state media and communications watchdog Roskomnadzor would block the site or account.
Fines, jail time
The law sets fines for publishing "fake news" at up to 100,000 rubles ($1,525) for individuals, 200,000 rubles for public officials, and 500,000 rubles for companies.
The law says publications officially registered with Roskomnadzor, including online media outlets, will be given a chance to remove reports deemed as fake news before their websites are blocked.
It says websites that are not registered with Roskomnadzor will be blocked without warning.
The law also establishes fines of up to 100,000 rubles for insulting the Russian authorities, government agencies, the state, the public, the flag, or the constitution.
Repeat offenders will face bigger fines and can be jailed for up to 15 days.
Roskomnadzor will give Internet users 24 hours to remove material deemed by the prosecutor-general or his deputies to be insulting to the state or society, and those that fail to do so will be blocked, the law says.
In January, after the State Duma approved the bills in their first readings, Russian opposition politician Ilya Yashin said: "These are crazy bills."
"How can they prohibit people from criticizing the authorities?" he added.
Filed Under: International Democracy Tagged With: Dictatorships, Europe, Journalism and Free Speech, Russia, Vladimir Putin
Home | ALL NEWS | WORLD | Putin Signs Into Law Bills Banning Insults Against Government


text:
Lugaw, also spelled lugao, is a Filipino glutinous rice dish or porridge. Lugaw may refer to various dishes, both savory and sweet. In Visayan regions, savory lugaw are collectively referred to as pospas. Lugaw is widely regarded as a comfort food in the Philippines.

Description
Lugaw is traditionally made by boiling glutinous rice (Tagalog: malagkit; Visayan: pilit). Regular white rice may also be used if boiled with excess water. The basic version is sparsely spiced, usually only using salt, garlic, and ginger; or alternatively, sugar. Heartier versions are cooked in chicken, fish, pork or beef broth. It is regarded as a comforting and easy-to-digest food, typically prepared for breakfast and during cold and rainy weather. It is also commonly served to people who are sick or bedridden, and to very young children and the elderly.

Lugaw is usually eaten hot or warm, since the gruel congeals if left to cool. It can be reheated by adding a little bit of water. Dessert versions can be eaten cold or even partly frozen.

According to the National Commission for Culture and the Arts, lugaw is among the earliest documented Filipino food. Lugaw is listed in the 1613 dictionary Vocabulario de la lengua tagala which defined lugaw as a "rice mixed with milk or water or of both (porridge)"

Variants
Lugaw can be paired or augmented with numerous other dishes and ingredients.

Savory

Most savory versions of lugaw are derived from or influenced by Chinese-style congee, introduced by Chinese-Filipino migrants. It has diverged over the centuries to use Filipino ingredients and suit the local tastes. Filipino savory lugaw are typically thicker than other Asian congees because they use glutinous rice. They are traditionally served with calamansi, soy sauce (toyo), or fish sauce (patis) as condiments Savory lugaw are usually paired with meat or seafood dishes. The most common being tokwa't baboy (cubed tofu and pork).
Arroz caldo – lugaw heavily infused with ginger and garnished with toasted garlic, scallions, and black pepper with a hard-boiled egg. Most versions also add safflower (kasubha) which turns the dish characteristically yellow.
Goto – lugaw made with goto (tripe) and ginger. It is garnished with toasted garlic, scallions, and black pepper.

Dessert

Sweet versions of lugaw are more characteristically Filipino. They include:
Binignit – lugaw made with coconut milk (gata) and various slices of fruit, jelly desserts (like sago, tapioca pearls, kaong, etc.), and root crops (like sweet potato, taro, and ube). It is known by many other regional names, like giná-tan, tabirák, alpahor, ginettaán, ginat-ang lugaw, and kamlo.
Champorado – lugaw with home-made chocolate and milk. It is a native adaptation of the Mexican drink champurrado. It is traditionally paired with dried fish (tuyo), but can be eaten as is as a dessert.
Ginataang mais – lugaw made with coconut milk and sweet corn.
Ginataang munggo – lugaw with toasted mung beans, sugar, and coconut milk. Corn may also be added.

Use as a political symbol
The lugaw has been widely associated with the political camp of Philippine Vice President Leni Robredo, originating from her 2016 election campaign during which Robredo's supporters sold the rice porridge as part of a fundraising effort. Robredo's detractors and internet trolls have pejoratively used the tags "Leni Lugaw" or the "Lugaw Queen" after photos of her serving lugaw circulated online. In response, Robredo has since adopted the tag during political events and campaigns, including serving lugaw to attendees of her 2022 Philippine presidential election bid announcement.

See also

 Congee
 Filipino cuisine
 Filipino Chinese cuisine
 List of rice dishes

Other Philippine rice cooking techniques:
Sinangag
Bringhe
Kiampong
Kuning
Sinigapuna

References

Rice dishes
Philippine desserts
Philippine rice dishes

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


If the phenomenological world is observed to lack permanent, unchanging entities, and humans finding themselves in such an experience, are also impermanent entities, how can any rational philosophy attribute a permanent property - death - to them?
First there is no ''rational philosophy'' which attributes things. What there is remains a person claiming this and that and some person hearing about those statements qualifies those statements of ''rational'' and of ''philosophy'' and why not of '' rational philosophy''.
You can try it for yourself. Go outside and stand before what you call a leaf on the ground, then you fantasize a permanent property to the leaf on the ground, for instance the fantasy of the existence of the leaf on the ground once you stop looking at it. You close your eyes and open them until you no longer see the leaf on the ground, you establish that the leaf on the ground is not that permanent. thus you have attributed a ''permanent property'' to an ''impermanent entity''. Then you express you fantasy aloud and you judge that it is worthy to be called a '' rational philosophy''.
Surely Death (of an individual human, animal or leaf) is not a permanent unchanging phenomenon of this world. The corpse will change beyond recognition irrespective of any soul. Death can be viewed simply as recycling of matter. I then struggle to fit it in to the science of entropy. Ilya Grushevskiy Are you actually arguing for the immortality of the soul? Whether you intended or not I think you have pointed to one rational argument FOR some form of life after death.
I've found myself saying recently "My Death would be such a waste!"
Are Christians more afraid of death?


text:
Ja Rule Recalls JAY-Z & DMX Murder Inc. Supergroup Failing — Much To His Benefit
By Jun Chen On 22 December 2020
Former Murder Inc. mastermind Irv Gotti made countless now-infamous moves to reach the pinnacle of the rap game during the New York-based label's heyday back in the early 2000s — like his efforts to block 50 Cent's record deals until he signed with Dr. Dre and Eminem.
Now, Ja Rule is shedding light on the tireless energy Gotti spent trying to assemble a Hip Hop supergroup with Dark Man X and NYC's Marcy House's most famous resident, JAY-Z, without even having a formal discussion with the trio about the venture!
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"We knew what was going on, but it was kind of like pulling teeth to get it done, is what I'm saying," Ja told HipHopDX about the group during his video interview. "Never a conversation. Irv was like — It's the Don King movie and Don King is trying to get fucking Muhammad Ali and, what's my dude's name, ma, George Foreman to do the fight in Africa, but he didn't have either fighter. That was Gotti. That was Gotti putting together the Murder Inc. group and shit."
The "I'm Real" rapper described the decentralized plan of attack at length, describing how hard it was to arrange appearances and sessions.
"Nobody was really — Jay and X fucking, you couldn't get them in the same room together!" he admits. "I didn't give a fuck. I was the new artist, I was just coming out, so that was an honor for me to be able to walk with those dudes, but for me, it was different because I'd known them for so long. I'd known them before they were who they were and it was like, 'Okay, I'm rhyming with my partners. My homies.'"
As a result, Ja remembers the creative strategies Gotti developed to get the rap stars on tracks together and even explained how they led to the former record executive pulling strings for their classic press appearance announcing the crew that never materialized.
"Irv was kind of just doubling down on shit like, 'I got Jay on this record, I'm going to sneak and let X get on the record and then yo, Rule,'" Ja proclaims. "It was that type of shit. So, the XXL cover, that shit came about the same type of way."
Music from the all-star rap-pact never amounted to a full-length release, which is something that Ja is somewhat grateful for considering he feels he was able to, "make his own bones."
"I'm good, I'm doing me," he says. "Fuck it, it would've been great! For me, I think about it. Hindsight is already 20/20, but I think about it now and I'm like, 'damn, I was the low man on that totem pole,' so if I would've did it, that would've been my career. Everybody would've always talked about how I came in on that and every hit record I would've made after that would've been, 'Well, it's because … you know, he's part of Murder Inc. How did he not blow up after that?' I was kind of happy I was able to make my own bones, and then if they wanted to come back and do it, and put it together, it would've been dope."
The rest, they say, is history. Ja went on to release several multi-platinum albums and score Billboard Hot 100 No. 1 hits with Ashanti and Jennifer Lopez.
Watch the full clip below and revisit Ja Rule's previous interview with DX to hear about his aspirations to have a fun Verzuz battle that does not pit him against his enemy 50 Cent.
Future Continues To Tease Possible "HNDRXX 2" With New Snippet
Alesso, Jauz, Mija & More To Celebrate Electric Zoo 10 With SiriusXM Radio Show
Burger King Announces Limited Edition "Ghost Whopper" In Time For Halloween
Nathaniel Rateliff & the Night Sweats Deliver Soulful 'Tearing on the Seams' Performance On 'Seth Meyers'


As part of their recovery from life-altering injuries, twelve wounded Canadian vets of the war in Afghanistan attempt to reach Canada's Magnetic North Pole (its last officially recorded location) on cross-country skis across 140 km of harsh, unforgiving terrain. March to the Pole is an extraordinary documentary of an expedition and of hardship and healing. Characteristics which drove these men and women to serve their country - commitment, empathy and resilience - are the same traits they must call upon to re-build their bodies and souls.


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MUHAMMAD FAIZAN SIDDIQUI
IBFT: The "Fast Payment" of Pakistan
July 16, 2017 Muhammad Faizan Siddiqui	4 Comments
Well, yes, it is!
Though some experts argue that IBFT is not a "fast payment" method because the service uses advice messages to credit the receiving accounts. Others point out that banks don't exchange funds in real-time and refer to the deferred or net-settlement method of 1Link.
Before answering these arguments, let's have a closer look at the "fast payments."
The "Fast Payment" Defined
The Committee on Payments and Market Infrastructures (CPMI) of the Bank for International Settlements (BIS) has defined "fast payment" in the report, "Fast payments–Enhancing the speed and availability of retail payments," published in November 2016. According to the committee, it's the type of payment in which the transmission of the payment message and the availability of "final" funds to the payee occur in real-time or near real-time on as near to a 24-hour and seven-day (24/7) basis as possible.
In "fast payment" the transmission of the payment message and the availability of "final" funds to the payee occur in real-time or near real-time.
The definition sets two important rules. First, this method should make sure the final credit is posted to the payee with strong certainty, and second, it should happen rapidly. It's not enough to send an alert for the payment not available for use right away.
According to the report, different countries or territories are using several terms to represent "fast payments," for instance, "instant," "immediate," "real time" or "faster" payments, but they fall into the category of "fast payments," as per above definition.
The characteristics of implementations, as the report mentions, may vary in particular jurisdictions. Sometimes, under five seconds is "fast" but in other cases, it can mean up to 20, or even 30 sec. Further, the report excludes many aspects of payment processing from the definition, for example, notification to the payee, immediate debit from the payer's account, or what message type is used?
The "fast payment" is mainly concerned with the availability of funds with the end users. The methods of the banks or other PSPs to conduct their day-to-day operations, for example, clearing or reconciliation of transactions and the interbank settlement, depends on the design and capability of the country's digital payments infrastructure.
When this report was last published, twelve CPMI countries had "fast payments" implemented in 15-years, from Electronic Banking System (EBS) of Korea 2001, including Immediate Payment Service (IMPS) of India in 2010 to SPEI of Mexico in 2015. These countries have enabled "fast payments" through online, IVR, mobile, branch, ATM and other channels. Interestingly, Sweden and Mexico are doing the real-time interbank settlement, and South Africa is on the deferred gross model; whereas, the rest of the countries are following the net-settlement model.
Another seven countries are in the list of proposed implementations, including Saudi Arabia's Future Ready ACH (FR-ACH) and even Japan and the United States are among the candidates with proposed rollout dates.
What Is IBFT Then?
1Link launched the Interbank Funds Transfer (IBFT) service back in 2006. The service was the innovative idea of the cofounders of 1Link's technology partner, TPS Worldwide.
The IBFT is an instant fund transfer service that guarantees delivery of the funds to the payee's account.
Today, 28 banks (including MFS providers) across Pakistan are offering immediate funds transfer service through ATM, online, IVR, and mobile channels. By using this service, the account holders can instantly transfer funds to the millions of accounts of the participating banks.
The service is not just restricted to C2C, but C2B, B2B and other variants are also supported. It's also playing a pivotal role in transfers of millions of dollars' worth of home remittances directly to consumer accounts.
IBFT as The "Fast Payment"!
One of the CPMI's member-implementations is branded as Faster Payments.
Faster Payments is a UK based banking initiative, launched in May 2008. The Faster Payment service tells its customers that while most of the banks (in the UK) accept this method of payment, the timescale can vary from "immediate" to up to two hours and even longer, if requested outside of the normal working hours. Even the service is called "faster" because it is faster than CHAPS (same day) and BACS (3 business days) services available as its alternatives.
Pakistan is processing "fast payments" since 2006, though the report doesn't include IBFT in it's list, as Pakistan is not a CPMI member country.
On the contrary, the IBFT is an instant fund transfer service that guarantees delivery of the funds to the payee's account. To keep reconciliation simple, IBFT has been established as an irrevocable service. The transfer is preceded by account validation inquiry that returns the title of the beneficiary, and checks whether the account is ready to receive funds. This verification makes it easy for the initiator to know that the recipient is correct, with the peace of mind that funds are guaranteed to be delivered.
Please share your thoughts and update if you've more information.
Note: above image by "Stain_Marylight" is available on Pixabay under a CC0 Public Domain license.
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4 thoughts on "IBFT: The "Fast Payment" of Pakistan"
Kassim Butt says:
Nice article Faizan. I wish if some brief intro of 1Link was also there in the writeup for those who don't know that 1Link is the interbank switch of Pakistan (instead of website link) for better understanding and avoid toggling between your blog & 1Link's website. (my 2 cents).
mossattack says:
A positive insight into Pakistan's payment landscape, since as compared to many other countries we're getting our transfers much faster (I agree that as long as the beneficiary receives funds or a buyer gets goods against a payment transaction in near real-time, we can call that a Fast Payment, other steps like settlement, etc. can be executed as per banks' agreed upon process).
I would ask this though, are we ahead of the curve because we beat the rest of the world in developing relevant technology/ processes/ bank agreements, or was it a case of less intrusive regulations within the country?
Muhammad Faizan Siddiqui says:
I think it was more about the passion. Passion to create something new, something different. And having a supportive regulatory environment and capable, willing partners, I think, were a blessing in this case.
Adeel Siddiqui says:
Very informative article…
As a user of IBFT i must say it's a convenient way to settle the transactions between the parties real time.
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Peekaboo Mint Chocolate Chip with Spinach Ice Cream Target of Recall
By John 18th May 2020
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The US Food and drug Administration (FDA) has reported that Pittsburg, California-based Ramar Foods is recalling 14-ounce containers of Peekaboo branded Mint Chocolate Chip with Hidden Spinach Ice Cream product due to potential contamination of Listeria monocytogenes.
The product, packed in paperboard containers identified with UPC code number 8685400001 and a Best Before date of 10/08/2021, has been distributed to Target retail stores in Florida, Georgia, South Carolina and North Carolina. To date, it is believed that only 33 units have been purchased by customers.
Consuming food contaminated with the Listeria monocytogenes can cause serious and sometimes fatal infections in young children, frail or elderly people, and others with weakened immune systems. Although healthy individuals may suffer only short-term symptoms such as high fever, severe headache, stiffness, nausea, abdominal pain and diarrhea, Listeria infection can cause miscarriages and stillbirths among pregnant women.
Consumers with questions, or who would like to request an immediate refund, may contact Ramar Foods toll free by dialing +1 844-491-7869, Monday through Friday, from 0800 to 1700 EST, or by sending an e-mail to ramarfoods5691@stericycle.com.
Thus far there have been no reports of illnesses associated with the product, which features mint infused into a creamy base accented with chocolate shavings and spinach. It is the only SKU in a line of Peekaboo organic ice cream flavors being recalled. Among offerings not subject to recall, each of which is promoted as containing "Veggies in Every Bite," are chocolate with hidden cauliflower, strawberry with hidden carrot, vanilla with hidden zucchini and cotton candy with hidden beets.
The Peekaboo brand of super premium, organic ice cream was introduced to the US retail market in April of 2019 by Jessica Levinson. The entrepreneur, who has operated a storefront ice cream shop in Surfside, Florida for 11 years, developed recipes to appeal to youngsters and adults alike who enjoy ice cream but may not be eating enough vegetables.
Ben & Jerry's Goes to the Dogs with Introduction of Doggie Desserts
Unilever Rings in New Year with Avalanche of Ice Cream, Novelties
Cold Stone Creamery Brings Back Festive Flavor and Ice Cream Cake


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Q: How can daisy-chain Django model's reverse foreign key from a staticmethod? Suppose I have 3 Django models:
class MyModelA(models.Model):
    my_int = models.IntegerField()

    @staticmethod
    def my_Astatic_method():
        return "AHello"

class MyModelB(models.Model):
    my_int = models.IntegerField()
    my_a = models.ForeignKey(MyModelA, related_name="MyModelB_a")

    @staticmethod
    def my_Bstatic_method():
        return "BHello"

class MyModelC(models.Model):
    my_int = models.IntegerField()
    my_b = models.ForeignKey(MyModelB, related_name="MyModelC_b")

    @staticmethod
    def my_Cstatic_method():
        return "CHello"

I have an instance of MyModelA called a. From within a method of a, I would like to call my_Cstatic_method(). How can I do it?
a.MyModelB_a.model.my_Bstatic_method() works to call MyModelB's static method:
>>> a.MyModelB_a.model.my_Bstatic_method()
'BHello'

But I don't know how to get one level down into MyModelC's static methods from MyModelB's model attribute. How should I do it?
Surprisingly, there is no model attribute for the object a.MyModelB_a.model.MyModelC_b:
>>> dir(a.MyModelB_a.model.MyModelC_b)
['__class__', '__delattr__', '__dict__', '__doc__', '__format__', '__get__', '__getattribute__', '__hash__', '__init__', '__module__', '__new__', '__reduce__', '__reduce_ex__', '__repr__', '__set__', '__setattr__', '__sizeof__', '__str__', '__subclasshook__', '__weakref__', 'related', 'related_manager_cls']


text:
http://tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pmwiki.php/VisualNovel/BuriedStars
Visual Novel / Buried Stars
Create New - Create New - Analysis FanficRecs FanWorks Fridge Haiku Headscratchers ImageLinks Laconic PlayingWith Quotes Recap ReferencedBy Synopsis Timeline Trivia WMG
From left to right: Lee Gyu-hyuk, Min Juyoung, Han Do-yoon, Seo Hyesung, Oh Inha, Chang Seil
Buried Stars is a Korean Visual Novel released on July 30, 2020 by Line Games Corporation and Studio Largo for the Nintendo Switch, PlayStation 4 and PlayStation Vita, though the Vita version is not being released outside South Korea.
Seoul, October 4 2018, 11:00 p.m. The hit pop music audition survival show Buried Stars, now in its fourth season, is about to commence its current finals with its five survivors.
Fifth place: Seo Hyesung, the Ex-Con (i.e. Delinquent)
Fourth place: Han Do-yoon, the Betrayer
Third place: Oh Inha, the Snob
Second place: Min Juyoung, the Runaway
First place: Lee Gyu-hyuk, the Silver Spoon
Everything is all set for the five to be windowed to three, with everything contingent on the votes of fans. This will be a night to remember!
Unfortunately, the building has its own idea of "night to remember."
While the vast majority of the building's denizens are safely evacuated, the five contestants, along with two staff members, are trapped in the wreckage, with only their smart phones—both through calling and through Phater (a Fictional Counterpart to Twitter)—to connect them what's happening on the other side. The situation rapidly decays when the contestants and floor director first come upon the dead body of Shin Seungyeon, then get accused by "S_Seungyeon" on Phater of leaving her to die. Their punishment? At certain intervals, whoever gets placed last will be killed...
This visual novel provides examples of:
100% Completion: There's a Collection section, which lists which achievements, images, profiles, keywords, etc. that you've unlocked and how many are left to go.
Abandoned Hospital: In Route C, you learn through Phater that the building used to be a laboratory. Everyone is appropriately unsettled by this revelation.
Abusive Parents: The ending will always reveal that Seungyeon was abused and neglected since she was little. Inha was also physically abused by her father, presumably to vent his frustration that she hadn't been born male.
Adult Fear:
Having a building collapse under you, and surviving but having limited access to the outside world when trying to stay calm in a building that shows signs of further deterioration.
Hyesung's issues deal with the struggle to obtain a stable career, since with no education or skills, no support from family or friends, and a criminal record, the future can be rather bleak even when it largely wasn't your fault.
When joining a talent audition, it is expected to have some part of you exposed. But not to the degree the cast discovered, as WBS have been extensively investigating them to the point of outright illegality, like stealing mail, verifying paternity tests—with the father deceased, no less—and stalking without your knowledge or consent.
The internet can remember anything you did. Anything. Even if you think it's been buried and forgotten, attract any attention in the present and strangers online can suddenly whip out humiliating incidents from your past for the world to see. It's little wonder that Seil hates Phater.
All There in the Manual: A "user concert" had the producer do a Q&A that provides background info on various characters, as well as confirmation on what probably happens after/happened during the events of the game.
Anti-Frustration Feature: Once you've tried suggesting a keyword once (and saved), the game will display on subsequent playthroughs if it results in a new topic and how it affects your rapport points with the character.
Asshole Victim: Most of the victims in Route A, to varying degrees.
The first victim, Seungyeon, was known to be quite the Jerkass. Not only was she completely unrepentant about driving someone to suicide, the cherry on top was her demanding Gyu-hyuk save her over Do-yoon, even though she's evidently in no immediate danger while Do-yoon could be dying for all they know, and suggesting that she'd make Gyu-hyuk's life hell if he disobeyed her.
The second victim, Hyesung, who was trying to blackmail the others into dropping out and paid the price when one of them decided to permanently silence him.
Downplayed with the third victim, Seil, who worked for Seungyeon and therefore was partially responsible for Gyu-hyuk's mother's suicide as well. Unlike the others, though, he wasn't doing anything malicious in the present, and Gyu-hyuk acknowledges his murder of Seil as something of an in-universe Moral Event Horizon, as it's the only one that was deliberate and not a retaliation in the heat of the moment.
Beneath the Mask: One of the themes of the novel is how much of a mask is built up not just by the contestants to work in society, but by the show for the sake of attracting viewers. Hyesung and Inha also have problems with Becoming the Mask, although for very different reasons.
Book-Ends: At the start of the game, Do-yoon saves Gyu-hyuk from collapsing debris, as he does again in the True End.
But Thou Must!: On occasion, regardless of what you pick, the other characters will override you (though what you decided initially determines who approves and who disapproves).
Cassandra Truth: Aside from the cast and the staff, and even with having legit medical records, part of the audience consider Juyoung's panic attacks as faking to gather some sympathy votes. This picks up later when she is found to have worked as a barista and enjoys coffee, which is considered to make panic attacks worse.
Chekhov's Gun: The smart watch, as nearly all of its seemingly innocuous functions are involved in the truth.
Commonality Connection:
Do-yoon and Juyoung are the only two finalists who were known musicians before joining Buried Stars; more pointedly, both are infamous for having "abandoned" their group in some way, which they relate over.
Though Do-yoon's relatively nonjudgmental manner helps, part of why he's the only contestant Hyesung likes is because Hyesung feels that, as a fellow underdog, Do-yoon is the only one who can understand him.
Double-Meaning Title: The title is both the name of the Reality Show—referring to hidden talent—and, as Inha lampshades, a description of the current situation: celebrities trapped in the collapsed building.
Dramatic Irony: You can only do Routes B and C after unlocking the True End, meaning that you'll be doing those routes with full awareness of who the culprit is and what exactly will happen if, say, you suddenly visit certain areas at certain times.
Driven to Suicide: Comes up often.
Near the end of the Irregular route, Seil appears to be this, but was actually killed by Gyu-hyuk.
In the Show Ended result, both Gyu-hyuk and Do-yoon end up this way. It's implied that this may have also been the case for Inha, after going silent, though it's more ambiguous and would be a Bungled Suicide, in that case.
Before the story begins, Seungyeon's harassment did this to Gyu-hyuk's mother.
In the Close Call path, Gyu-hyuk hangs himself like in Show Ended, likely because he knows he's doomed once Hyesung regains consciousness either way.
If you make it past 5:25 AM, then if you out Gyu-hyuk as a killer but don't hit the right options to get the True End, he commits Suicide by Cop in front of Do-yoon and co. He does something similar if Do-yoon unexpectedly returns right after he killed Seil, essentially catching him in the act.
Dropped a Bridge on Him: Almost literally, many character deaths in Bad Ends are from suddenly collapsing debris.
Dub Name Change: While the English translation keeps the characters' Korean names, the Japanese version gives them Japanese names. Do-yoon becomes Ryou, Gyu-hyuk becomes Keisuke, etc.
Dysfunction Junction: Everyone in the cast could use a therapist, thanks both to the toxicity of the industry and, for some, a Dark and Troubled Past even before joining. In various endings, the show even promises to give greater care to the contestants' mental health, considering how many problems in the game could've been avoided were the characters more well-adjusted.
Earn Your Happy Ending: The True Ending as a whole, but especially if you get the characters' special epilogues, which usually see them move past their issues. This is doubly so with Inha—arguably the trickiest character to max rapport with—as hers is the only one that explicitly brings up hope that Do-yoon will return to music one day; otherwise, it's left ambiguous.
Everybody Lives: Ignoring Seungyeon, this is subverted. Route B seems like it's heading in this direction, as Hyesung and Seil survive... only for Gyu-hyuk to kill himself. One way or another, someone's dying in each route.
Failed a Spot Check:
Hyesung's Auto-Write message changes—just barely—around the time when he's killed. You are not likely to notice this, and the characters certainly don't.
Though the game is kind enough to give you another option that has Do-yoon realize Seil didn't kill himself, the most decisive evidence—that can be missed—is that Seil's wounds go all the way around his neck, whereas if he had hung himself with the belt, they should only be on his front.
Fine, You Can Just Wait Here Alone: When Seil is reluctant to have the entire group search for alternative places, Hyesung tells him he's free to stay at the stage alone. Seil swiftly chooses to come along.
For Want of a Nail: The routes unlocked after achieving the True End provide extra options during subsequent playthroughs that are essentially "what if you did this differently" scenarios, ranging from the extreme "investigate the laboratory rumours and change the entire plot of the game" to "what if Hyesung survived", etc.
From Bad to Worse: Show Ended. It is already bad due to everyone finding Hyesung murdered in the bathroom, then Do-yoon losing control to his emotions and Phater (preventing the player from doing something to change anything), then the reveal that Seil is Inha's stalker that breaks into a argument that ends up with Inha accidentally killing Seil. Cue mass panic...
Gadget Watches: Downplayed and averted, while the contestants' smart watches are the only thing that helps them connect to get help and public, the watch itself, when it comes to everyday life their response towards the watch is lukewarm since some of the functions doesn't work and the watch itself is actually not complete in the first place.
Genre Shift: Route C turns the game from a survival mystery adventure to full-out Mindscrew horror.
Guide Dang It!:
The True Ending is notoriously tricky to obtain, mainly because you can provide a correct answer that isn't correct enough, but it's not immediately obvious that you just have to provide a different answer.
Since the game tells you on subsequent playthroughs if keywords will help or hurt your rapport points, most players default to only suggesting keywords that boost points. As a result, Hyesung and Inha's rapport conversations are much harder to unlock, as they counter-intuitively require suggesting keywords that don't do anything or actually lose points. What they do is unlock profiles, except the game doesn't tell you beforehand if a topic does that.
Getting onto Route B is rather difficult, as it requires maxing out rapport with Hyesung—not easy in itself, as noted above—and then making specific decisions, not all of which are obvious ahead of time even with the game's hint of telling you to focus on the victims.
Hidden Depths: Everyone, as one of the points made in the game is that there's always more to a person than what you see, and they can't just be pigeonholed into an archetype. As Do-yoon himself puts it, no one can simply be described in a few sentences.
Interface Spoiler:
Played with in regards to rapport points with Seil. On one hand, even once you're locked into the Irregular route, where your rapport with him will never matter because he dies, you'll still consistently get/lose points. On the other hand, the lack of any rapport events past his first one might tip you off that something's up.
Averted when choosing where to look for a possible way out. There's only one right option out of three obvious choices, but picking any of the other two will get you rapport points with whoever suggested them... even though they lead to an almost immediate Bad End.
Karma Houdini:
If you fail to learn the murderer's identity and if he doesn't kill himself from the guilt, then they end up as this.
In Route B, Seil gets away with his past illegal activities, as the authorities refuse to do anything about him. Interestingly, if you maxed out his rapport, he's unhappy about this because he wants to properly face the consequences of his actions. Ultimately, he decides to turn to Phater—which he despised precisely because of its mob mentality—and leave himself at the public's mercy, with the ending keeping it ambiguous if this will give him the closure he needs.
Keeping Secrets Sucks: An underlying theme—sometimes, you have to air your dirty laundry to start moving forward. It's most blatant with Do-yoon, whose Sanity Meter surges upwards in the True End, after he finally confesses to what he did, and it's the only ending where he finds closure.
Lost in Translation:
At one point, Inha asks Do-yoon if he knows what "buried" means. In English, this is an odd question to ask a perfectly fluent adult, but in Korean, the "buried" in Buried Stars (which Inha is referring to) is written phonetically in the English pronunciation, not as the Korean word, making it plausible that Do-yoon might not know (which he does, regardless).
A mild case, but Hyesung's association with comets may seem random if you don't know that that's what his name means.
The Man Behind the Man: Heroic example. In the hidden ending, it's revealed that Plughole was working on orders of his sister, who's a Do-yoon Fangirl.
The Many Deaths of You: There are a couple of ways for you to bad end via Do-yoon dying, usually through the dangers of a collapsing building.
Manipulative Editing: A reality of TV shows that is often addressed in-universe, as the show fabricates characters, relationships, drama, and narratives for the contestants. For instance, it's obvious to the other contestants that Juyoung's panic attacks are real but the show makes them look staged, Inha is presented as a snob (including a fight that was presented as her fault through editing, when Hyesung actually instigated it) and and as having Ship Tease with Do-yoon when in truth they have no romantic chemistry, etc.
Maybe Magic, Maybe Mundane: Route C, which acts as a Lampshade Hanging for the genre where there's usually some sort of deep conspiracy behind what's going on (which, on the other hand, is deliberately subverted in the main route), leaves it ambiguous as to whether the supernatural horrors in said route were real or some sort of hallucination.
Multiple Endings: Given due to being a visual novel, aside from the various Bad Ends that come from sudden death, these include:
Show Ended: Everyone except for Inha has been either murdered, killed in an accident or Driven to Suicide. And even Inha has driven to Despair Event Horizon for accidentally killing Seil during an argument.
Isolated Bond: Two variations of this ending. The first is if you managed to keep Juyoung at minimum rapport, in which case she suddenly runs off and dies before anyone can get around to revealing the truth. The second is if you wrongly accuse Inha in the climax, where she dies and the truth remains hidden.
Rash Verdict, the Normal End: Do-yoon, Inha, Juyong and Gyu-hyuk survived the day, at the cost of everybody else in the building dead. The investigators concluded, matching the cast's hypothesis, that Seil is the one who murdered Hyesung and decided to commit suicide after the cast found out his illegal activities. But Do-yoon, who gave up the truth at that time, feels there are something missing from the picture.
Buried Truth: If you're on the path to the True End but either fail to figure out the killer's full motives or don't reveal Do-yoon's personal truth, then the culprit commits suicide.
Try Again 2020, the Joke End: has Do-yoon declaring himself the attacker to "lift" the mood. Due to the bizarre decision and Do-yoon having an alibi, the game embraces this by going completely and utterly off the rails, including Lampshade Hanging of the genre, Breaking the Fourth Wall, a Hostile Show Takeover by Seil (Holmes), Do-yoon becoming the Big Bad, and all of the dead inexplicably coming back to life or apparently having never been dead.
Betrayer And Troll, the True End: Do-yoon unveils the killer and successfully have the killer repent for the sins committed. Also, Do-yoon and Plug Hole met for the first time.
My Friends... and Zoidberg: The survivors have this dynamic, as they are the Top 5 of B Stars Season 4...and staff member Seil.
Never Split the Party: The group is often wary about letting anyone remain alone, and for good reason. If someone locks themselves into a room or runs off on their own, there's a good chance they're dying.
New Game+: Once you do one playthrough (which forces you to end on Show Ended, the most notable Downer Ending of the game), you're given a) a new game opening and b) somewhat different events and options that allow you to progress further.
Nice to the Waiter: Hyesung is known for treating anyone "beneath" him—lower ranked contestants, the show staff—poorly. On the flip side, Seil is clearly touched in his first rapport event with Do-yoon, who doesn't look down on Seil for being a staff member and respects Seil for his expertise and knowledge in music.
Not So Different:
For all that Hyesung and Seil hate each other, they're a lot more alike than Seil would care to admit. They both cling to their career even if it means resorting to unsavoury means, feeling as though they have no other choice. It's made clear in one of Seil's epilogue events, where he joins the next season of Buried Stars by relying on controversy; the hypocrisy, considering that Seil hated Hyesung for this, is not lost on Do-yoon. There is one area where they're Not So Similar, though: in Seil's other epilogue event, he'll instead choose to atone, unlike Hyesung who never quite has a change of heart.
In the True End, where Gyu-hyuk tries to kill himself with the reassurance that Do-yoon can clean up the loose ends, because Do-yoon is trustworthy unlike him, Do-yoon snaps and finally reveals that no, he's not—he's been keeping secrets of his own.
Permanently Missable Content: If you didn't unlock certain profiles during the segment they were available in, then some later rapport events will never occur (therefore blocking you from maxing out that relationship), no matter how many points you get.
Poor Communication Kills:
A lot of problems on most routes could be avoided if Seil wasn't so secretive (and, to be fair to him, if Inha's first response wasn't violence). Whenever he's outed to have dug up personal info on the contestants and to be stalking Inha, he's tight-lipped because he believes that an explanation would just make things even worse, but it's telling that the only route he survives is the one where Do-yoon convinces him to come clean. The others don't necessarily buy everything he says, but having an actual explanation—rather than his previous attempts at avoiding the truth and obvious lies—calms them down until they can be rescued.
To a much lesser and nonfatal degree, Juyoung laments not having told her bandmates why she left when she did, since her silence fostered resentment and as the years goes by, it becomes harder to contact them. Now would be an especially bad time, as it'd just look like a publicity stunt for her Bstars audition.
Reality Ensues: Often, the ending has WBS promise to take better care of the contestants' mental health and that prying into their personal lives without consent won't happen again. The next line immediately notes that this is an empty promise, given what the industry and fans are like.
Reality Show: Buried Stars itself, effectively a Korean Pop Idol/American Idol. Interestingly, in the three seasons before Seungyeon showed up, it didn't have scripted stories—and wasn't as blindingly popular.
Red Herring:
Given that in Show Ended, Inha is mentioned to have survived, it's easy to suspect her, especially since she's presented as a potential suspect as you near the True End. Seil was even convinced she was the murderer! Picking her, however, is the wrong option, because she's completely innocent.
Similarly, thanks to the above ending, you'll know that Seil is Inha's stalker and therefore clearly has a dark side... but his motivations are not what they seem, and despite what everyone thinks for a while, he also didn't kill anyone (though, granted, the game doesn't pretend for very long that he did).
It turns out that S_Seungyeon is this, as they're just an embittered troll on the internet. The real murderer took advantage of the situation to pin Hyesung's murder on them.
Relationship Values: Do-yoon can either increase or decrease his rapport with the ones trapped with him by saving or making certain decisions.
Sanity Meter: Certain events and decision make cause Do-yoon to either calm himself or lose himself in an unsettling environment.
Sanity Slippage: To an extent, everyone suffers from this, as the stress of being trapped in the building pushes them to do what they might not have otherwise.
In a Q&A, the producer notes that this is what provoked Seungyeon's threats towards Gyu-hyuk, and that she was normally more level-headed than that. Similarly, had Gyu-hyuk discovered the truth under more relaxed circumstances, he wouldn't have committed murder.
After being outed on Phater as stalking Inha and then after the contents of his bag are revealed, Seil will descend further into distrust and paranoia. Which route you're on depends on if this ends up being fatal for him. Likewise, Inha will start losing it after the above reveals, with potentially drastic results.
Juyoung is typically one of the calmest characters, despite her panic attacks... but if you manage to keep her at the lowest level of trust, she'll freak out just before the finale and get herself killed that way.
Tank Do-yoon's Sanity Meter and he'll end up in a Heroic BSoD for the rest of the night. Or, in Show Ended, start picking fights on Phater, which ultimately has him commit suicide.
Sexual Extortion: An indirect version involves Juyoung. Stric Entertainment, despite backing Beloved, had been doing badly as a result of Kim Dong-chul's awful trend forecasting. A benefactor came forward, promising to give Stric the cash it needed. If, that is, he got to sleep with Juyoung. Dong-chul agreed and impelled Juyoung to agree, but at the last minute, she recovered her resolve and left the assignation. And Stric in the process.
The opening screen directly quotes Nathaniel Hawthorne's The Scarlet Letter.
In one route, Plughole quotes Casablanca's iconic ending line and is appalled when Do-yoon doesn't get it.
In the (incredibly bizarre) Try Again 2020 ending, Seil—sorry, Seil Holmes—inexplicably sports a red bowtie in a reference to Detective Conan.
Social Media Is Bad: Zigzagged, Phater is required for Do-yoon to collect clues, but it is more often a ticking time bomb for the contestants as it gives Hyesung the idea to save himself from elimination, and giving the unknowing commenters a lot of ammo to create a lot of chaos that utterly had a hand in dooming everybody in the building in the Show Ended result.
Sour Outside, Sad Inside: Hyesung and Seil are two of the most cynical and abrasive members of the cast, to the extent that talking to them almost always lowers Do-yoon's Sanity Meter. They both have their reasons, however.
Ten Little Murder Victims: A large part of the mystery is figuring out the identity of S_Seungyeon, and whether or not they're one of the contestants (or Seil) or an outside culprit.
Violation of Common Sense: Towards the end, you can randomly declare that you're the attacker in order to "lift" the mood. This is already a bizarre decision in context, and the game embraces this by going completely and utterly off the rails, including Lampshade Hanging of the genre, Breaking the Fourth Wall, a Hostile Show Takeover by Seil (Holmes), Do-yoon becoming the Big Bad, and all of the dead inexplicably coming back to life or apparently having never been dead... which actually makes this the happiest ending in the game.
You Lose at Zero Trust:
Failing to max out certain relationships will block you from the True Ending. In particular, if Juyoung hates you—which pretty much requires you to actively piss her off, given that she's easy to befriend—then you're locked into the Isolated Bond ending.
When privately confronting Hyesung or Seil, consistently choosing options that anger them will result in an immediate Bad End.
Bunny Must Die! Chelsea and the 7 Devils
UsefulNotes/PlayStation Vita
BTS World
Boong-Ga Boong-Ga
Closers Online
Blankspace
Visual Novels of the 2020s
Caffeine Victorias Legacy


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Billie Eilish Reveals the Reason for Her Baggy Clothes in New Calvin Klein Ad
"Nobody can have an opinion because they haven't seen what's underneath."
By De Elizabeth
Billie Eilish is speaking her truth in a new Calvin Klein ad by revealing the reason behind her signature baggy clothes. In the brand's all-new campaign, dubbed "I Speak My Truth In #MyCalvins," Billie explains that she doesn't want the world to know everything about her, so she relies on fashion to protect herself.
"That's why I wear baggy clothes," she says in the ad, which also features Noah Centineo, Shawn Mendes, and Chika Oranika. "Nobody can have an opinion because they haven't seen what's underneath. Nobody can be like, 'she's slim-thick,' 'she's not slim-thick,' 'she's got a flat ass,' 'she's got a fat ass.' No one can say any of that because they don't know."
As noted by BuzzFeed News, Billie's revelation has sparked an ongoing dialogue on social media about the objectification of women's bodies. Many fans are loudly supporting Billie's reasons behind her clothing choices, with some expressing that they whole-heartedly relate. "The fact that Billie Eilish wears big baggy clothes so that no one can make assumptions, judge, or body shame her makes me love her as an artist and as a person even more," one fan wrote.
https://twitter.com/meganwarrennn/status/1126660983223545857
https://twitter.com/tayleighbae/status/1126848189229932544
https://twitter.com/mary_pricee/status/1127257662129868800
https://twitter.com/Female_Rebel_/status/1127257238249398272
However, other fans are pointing out that no one should be made to feel that they have to hide their bodies in order to avoid harassment or name-calling. "The fact that Billie Eilish wears baggy clothes so she won't get sexualized really says something about our society," one Twitter user said, while another fan wrote: "This breaks my heart that she feels the need to dress like this just to avoid you miserable people who like to body shame for NO REASON."
https://twitter.com/HereBeDez/status/1127277511895707648
https://twitter.com/t_portwood/status/1126895753761382400
Whatever the reason, it's important to keep in mind that it's up to Billie to decide what she wears, and the same goes for all of us. The decision to cover — or bare — a body part is an individual, and often personal, choice, and no one deserves to be shamed or judged for their clothing decisions, period.
Want more from Teen Vogue? Check this out: Billie Eilish Forgot Her Own Lyrics at Coachella But It Only Made Fans Love Her More
Keywordsbillie eilishbody shaming


Trans Pride Brighton has been running since 2013 and providing a great day where trans people, friends, allies and family can meet and have an amazing time in a fun and safe space. 2018 will be our sixth year and we really want to be bigger and better than ever before! Trans Pride is a big event, with a big outlay of costs and very little grant funding. In order to make Trans Pride an enjoyable event for all we need your help! Please donate anything you can, no matter how small, and help us out. This year, Trans Pride will be held from Friday 20th to Sunday 22nd July 2018. We will provide a series of events including a film night, the main pride event on Saturday including a march, park event and dance party, followed by a Sunday picnic on the beach or in a fantastic safe bar. As a grassroots, non-commercial community event run entirely by unpaid volunteers, we depend on donations, grants and community contributions to secure the infrastructure we need for Trans Pride to happen each year. Please spread the word, and donate if you can, to support us in our mission to make Trans Pride Brighton 2018 the event our community deserves. Trans Pride Brighton & Hove is a registered charity in England & Wales (number 1162738). Our mission is to promote equality and diversity, advance education and eliminate discrimination against trans, intersex, non-binary, gender-variant and gender-queer people for the public benefit by raising awareness of the issues affecting this community (in particular by organising and staging an annual Trans Pride festival). When you make your donation through Givey, the Charity receives 100% of the donation and allows us to claim GiftAid (tax you've already paid) on your behalf. Your details are safe with Givey and donating is completely secure. Whatsmore, they never share your email address with any third parties.


As new tools and technologies gain momentum in public use, and as new accessories and gadgets eclipse the old, inevitable rivalries will begin to polarize the market. Such rivalries can be traced all the way back to the late 19th century, a time when the nation witnessed the electrifying competition (pun intended) between the proponent of direct-current power, Thomas Edison, and his adversary, Nikolai Tesla, with his alternating-current system. In this modern era, we have debates concerning the merits of the Xbox versus those of the PlayStation, the Mac versus the PC, and, as discussed in further detail here, the Android phone versus the iPhone.
To start things off, let's talk about access, convenience, and security of each. Android phones offer many of the same lock screen options that iPhone does. However, recently iPhone has introduced a new kind of user-identification that features a fingerprint scanner built into the home button. Not only is this option very secure, but it makes unlocking your phone less of a hassle. When it comes to the most fundamental and basic feature of a cell phone, that is actually calling people with it, Android arranges your favorite contacts based off of those you call most frequently. Also, its contact layout is much easier to navigate and more visually pleasing. It has larger pictures beside the names to make it a simpler task when scrolling through your list of friends, family, coworkers, and peers.
When comparing each phone's voice-activated "assistants," known affectionately as Siri on the iPhone, it should be noted that Android assistants type as you talk and function even when your phone is offline, which are two really useful advantages it holds over the iPhone.
Still, Siri is more adept at understanding conversational speech and converting it into text. Moreover, Siri is the more entertaining of the two, offering up the occasional cheeky remark to certain questions. When it comes to typing, Android phone keyboards have neat-and-handy swipe gestures, and punctuation on the same screen as the letters. As you type a particularly long message, flipping back and forth between screens becomes a nuisance. Though Google, the established champion of online search engines, may be in league with Team Android, the iPhone's Spotlight option searches through email, notes, reminders, texts, and calendar events when you type in a phrase in the search bar. When it comes to texting, the Android's layout looks nice, but Apple's iMessage system allows you to text other Apple customers for free, even from a Mac computer. Just as we demand ease and convenience for navigating our electronic gadgets, we likewise demand the same when navigating roads. David Goldman of CNN said that Android's GPS feature, Google Maps, "is the best mobile app ever designed." He goes on to point out that although this app is available on both the iPhone and Android phone, since it's a Google-manufactured technology, Siri can't access it.
Are you team Android or team iPhone? Are you in love with Siri or do you like the practical voice to text function on your Android? Caine weighs the pros and cons of both the Android and the iPhone.
Of course, gadgets and gizmos aside, the most pressing concern of most consumers is cost. If you're looking to spend less money up front for the phone, Android is the better option. In fact, there are phones Android provides that are free when paired with a two-year contract. Still, it's important to note that cheap phones are considerably less capable in a number of different faculties than their costlier counterparts. For example, an Android phone that is a little over $100 may seem like the superior option to the $700 iPhone (unless you have a two year contract), but that phone may be missing some of the necessities or conveniences that Apple provides.
At the end of the day, the features and applications mentioned and compared above still only graze the surface of possible advantages and disadvantages of each option. As Sam Costello of "About Tech" said, "The decision of whether to buy an iPhone or Android phone isn't as simple as tallying up the winners…and choosing the phone that triumphed in more categories. That's because all of the categories won't count for the same amount to all people." To make the best possible decision, you need to figure out what aspects of each are particularly significant to you, write out your list of priorities, and choose the phone that most meets your needs and preferences.


On Saturday, November 17 come and explore science, engineering and technology at the 4-H Expo at University of Illinois Extension, 321 W 2nd Ave. Milan, IL. Stop by between 9 am to noon when 4-H members will lead interactive stations where youth can explore monarch migration, electricity and coding, food science and food decorating, animal science and farm safety, robotics, entomology, citizen scientists and other 4-H projects! There will be hands-on fun, free giveaways, snacks and 4-H club and volunteer information. See 4-H members in action and find out how you can become a 4-H member where kids "learn by doing."


text:
Latest NFL Leads
Was That Aaron Rodgers' Final Game With the Green Bay Packers?
By Stephen Douglas
Aaron Rodgers / Stacy Revere/Getty Images
The Green Bay Packers lost the NFC Championship Game to Tom Brady and the Tampa Bay Buccaneers. During Aaron Rodgers' postgame press conference, the Green Bay quarterback questioned head coach Matt LaFleur's decision to kick a field goal late in the fourth quarter. He also mentioned himself as one of the many guys on this year's Packers team whose future is "uncertain."
"A lot of guys' futures that are uncertain, myself included. That's what's sad about it most."
Aaron Rodgers' full response when I asked about what this team meant to him with the future being 'a beautiful mystery' #Packers pic.twitter.com/ZRJuoLvIEi
— Stephen Watson (@WISN_Watson) January 25, 2021
Rodgers has played his entire career with the Packers since they drafted him with the 25th pick in the 2005 NFL Draft. He took over as starter in 2008. He's won two MVP awards and a Super Bowl. He's going to the Hall of Fame. Is he really going to play somewhere else next season?
Pro Football Network has a pretty comprehensive breakdown of the particulars of Rodgers' current deal, which runs through 2023. Rodgers is set to take up 20 percent of Green Bay's salary cap next season. If the Packers were to cut or trade Rodgers, he would be a huge burden on their cap. So if they really like Jordan Love, it would make the most sense to get rid of Rodgers after next season.
However, if you were a contender looking for a quarterback and were willing to give up the right young assets and/or draft picks, the Packers would have to listen. But if you're going to put together the kind of package that would actually move a superstar NFL quarterback, wouldn't you just get Deshaun Watson instead?
The idea that Aaron Rodgers would play somewhere else just seems insane. It's as outlandish an idea as Tom Brady finishing his career outside New England or Brett Favre playing somewhere besides Green Bay. OK, I guess those are bad examples.
Anything is possible. Maybe the Packers love Love so much that they get rid of the guy who took them to the conference championship game and led the league in touchdown passes, completion percentage, QBR, and quarterback rating. And they do this despite it being a huge financial no-no.
Look, humans make bad decisions. If Rodgers is wearing a Steelers, Jaguars or Jets (too on the nose by the way) jersey next season, well, somebody in Green Bay made a bad decision. It's a possibility, but it shouldn't be. The Packers can contend again and they can do it with Rodgers. Might he finish his career elsewhere? Possibly, but he should be in Green Bay when the next NFL season starts and finishes.


Jekyll and Hyde is a slot machine themed around the famous novel written by Robert Louis Stevenson, which was called "Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde". The two that are mentioned in the title are the main characters of the novel, where the action revolves around a lawyer from London that's investigating events that have transpired between his friend, called Dr. Jekyll, and the evil Mr. Hyde. Ultimately, he finds out that both of them are sides of the same coin, as the doctor had a split personality, one evil, the other good. Microgaming has created a slot machine based on these two characters, and you can find out more about what it has to offer below.
A total of 1024 ways to win are available in the game, with 5 reels being enough to host them all. Some very special free spins are offered, and they are the ones that can give you the best payouts, of $7,000, while the base game gives you $1,500.
The features are all common, including a wild, a scatter and free spins. There is nothing truly special here, but I did enjoy the use of Mr. Hyde characters, instead of Dr. Jekyll symbols, when the free spins are active.
The Wild Logo is just that, the wild feature. It is going to be the symbol that you rely on to get more combinations formed, and more prizes awarded to you. You're not getting any additional roles from this wild, with no multipliers to apply or prizes to give away directly. The scatters are the only ones that the Wild can't substitute for.
The scatter has the Game Logo on it, and it's a symbol that is capable of awarding payouts and triggering the free spins at the same time. Either way, you don't need the scattered Logos to appear on fixed lines, instead getting their prizes when there are enough of them present.
The free spins feature gets triggered by the scatter symbol, when at least three of them are placed on the reels, in the same round. The result will be a round of 10 free spins, during which the Dr. Jekyll symbols are replaced with symbols of Mr. Hyde.
The advantage is that Mr. Hyde pays a lot better, offering up to 7,000x in prizes, while Dr. Jekyll only gives you up to 1,500x in the base game.
Getting 3+ scattered Game Logos again will trigger another 10 free spins, for more chances to get that top jackpot that only Mr. Hyde can award.
You only need to bet on 25 lines in order to get all the ways to win active. Each of these lines has to be covered with at least one coin, though you can take it up to 10 coins per line. The coins have denominations between $0.01 and $0.10, so the line bet goes up to $1, while the maximum total bet is $25.
The best payout you can hope for during the base game is 1,500x the line bet, or $1,500. The free spins do better though, and the top jackpot will be worth $7,000.
The game doesn't look that inviting, but that's just because it manages to bring forward the atmosphere from the novel, so it looks a bit creepy, almost like you're getting a glimpse into the psyche of the split personality that inspired it. There are spooky looking playing cards among the symbols, along with bottles of poison and the novel's main characters.
Symbols: Dr. Jekyll (1,500x), Game logo (scatter, 1,250x), Woman (1,000x), Deadly Poison (750x), Potions (500x), Ace (250x), King (150x), Queen (150x), Jack (150x), 10 (100x) and 9 (100x).
You will find it an interesting addition to the line-up of modern slots from Microgaming. It doesn't have great graphics, but the free spins do get interesting whenever Mr. Hyde gets involved. If you enjoyed the story, the slot will be a nice way to go back to it.
This Jekyll and Hyde slot is offered by all online casinos with Microgaming software, playable either in practice or in real money mode.


text:
APPENDIX G PROGRAM COORDINATORDIRECTOR DUTIES Description of responsibilities (Pensacola State College)
Fillable APPENDIX G PROGRAM COORDINATOR/DIRECTOR DUTIES Description of responsibilities (Pensacola State College)
Fill Online, Printable, Fillable, Blank APPENDIX G PROGRAM COORDINATOR/DIRECTOR DUTIES Description of responsibilities (Pensacola State College) Form
Use Fill to complete blank online PENSACOLA STATE COLLEGE pdf forms for free. Once completed you can sign your fillable form or send for signing. All forms are printable and downloadable.
APPENDIX G PROGRAM COORDINATOR/DIRECTOR DUTIES Description of responsibilities (Pensacola State College)
The APPENDIX G PROGRAM COORDINATOR/DIRECTOR DUTIES Description of responsibilities (Pensacola State College) form is 3 pages long and contains:
U.S.A. forms for Pensacola State College
BROWSE PENSACOLA STATE COLLEGE FORMS
APPENDIX F RELEASE TIME FORM (Pensacola State College)
APPENDIX H FACULTY SUBSTITUTION FORM (Required only for (Pensacola State College)
APPENDIX I GRIEVANCE FORMAT Grievants Name Campus and (Pensacola State College)
APPENDIX D COMMUNITY SERVICE FORM NAME DEPARTMENT (Pensacola State College)
APPENDIX J-1 ANNUAL FACULTY EVALUATION FORM Faculty Member (Pensacola State College)
APPENDIX C FACULTY SCHEDULE FORM* FACULTY MEMBER OFFICE (Pensacola State College)
APPENDIX J-2 ANNUAL FACULTY SELF EVALUATION FORM Faculty (Pensacola State College)
Appendix B Classroom-Based Research Awards Program Application Cover (Pensacola State College)
APPENDIX K-1 FACULTY EDUCATIONAL ACHIEVEMENT INCENTIVE PRE-APPROVAL REQUEST (Pensacola State College)
APPENDIX K-2 FACULTY EDUCATIONAL ACHIEVEMENT INCENTIVE APPLICATION (To (Pensacola State College)
APPENDIX N RECORD OF DISCIPLINARY ACTION Faculty Member (Pensacola State College)
Appendix O-1 Application for Initial Credentialing List the (Pensacola State College)
APPENDIX O-2 FACULTY DEVELOPMENT PLAN (FDP) Note: FDPs (Pensacola State College)
APPENDIX O-3 FACULTY DEVELOPMENT PLAN (FDP) COMPLETION REPORT (Pensacola State College)
APPENDIX P INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AGREEMENT (Pensacola State College)
APPENDIX R APPLICATION FOR PROMOTION Cover Page (Pensacola State College)
APPENDIX S SUPERVISORS SCORING AND RECOMMENDATION (Pensacola State College)
APPENDIX U REQUESTING OR DECLINING A GUARANTEED SUMMER (Pensacola State College)
APPENDIX V SABBATICAL LEAVE APPLICATION TITLE PAGE (Pensacola State College)
Appendix C – Faculty Schedule Form (Pensacola State College)
2018 – 2021 CBA
APPENDIX G
PROGRAM COORDINATOR/DIRECTOR DUTIES
Description of responsibilities to be assumed by
Program Academic Year
Total Points Awarded Hours of Release Time
for the Semester ____________ ÷ ______ = ____________ Awarded for the Semester
Hours of Release Time for Fall
Hours of Release Time for Spring
Hours of Release Time for Summer
1. Admissions
A. Chairs limited access program
admissions committee/coordinates
process (45 points per year)
B. Writes/revises packet of information for
prospective students (15 points per
year)
2. Student Support Services
A. Conducts/coordinates orientation for
new students (15 points per year)
B. Conducts/coordinates orientation
for prospective students (15 points per
C. Assumes primary responsibility
for written and telephone inquiries
from new and prospective students (30
points per year)
D. Provides student services-related
support to program enrollees in
addition to his or her own students (45
3. Accrediting Agency Duties
A. Prepares ad hoc accreditation and
annual placement reports, (e.g.
personnel changes, curriculum updates,
graduate follow-up) (60 points per
B. Performs designated liaison duties with
accrediting agency (30 points per year)
4. Off-Campus Site Coordination (For
courses other than or in addition to
those contained in his or her standard
load.)
A. Arranges off-campus clinical, work
experience, or internship sites (60
B. Schedules preceptors/clinical staff
throughout the term (60 points per
C. Prepares incident reports regarding
student performance in off-site or
clinical settings (30 points per year)
D. Arranges for substitute instructors
E. Serves as designated on-call person for
students and faculty outside scheduled
student contact hours (45 points per
5. Adjunct Instructor Coordination
A. Assumes primary responsibility for
recruiting and orienting adjuncts to the
department/program (30 points per
6. Coordination of non-Credit Instruction
Coordinates the creation, scheduling, and
instruction of non-credit (supplemental or
contract) instruction associated with the
program (45 points per year)
7. Liaison to Advisory Committee
Serves as designated liaison to program
advisory committee (meeting more than
twice a year) and assists in preparation and
follow-up for those meetings (30 points per
8. Other Duties As Assigned
Total Points Awarded
Faculty Member Date
Immediate Supervisor Date
________________________________________________ ____________________________
Dean Date
Note: If release time is awarded for any items covered in 6.06, an IPA must be completed and attached.
Note: Point limits as outlined in the table are meant as guidelines and may be changed to reflect the
duties of the faculty member.


Near our hotel in Kayenta, you'll find many dining options, from local diners and restaurants to fast food. We'd also like you to know that the Hampton Inn® hotel in Kayenta-Monument Valley features a full service restaurant, "The Reuben Heflin Restaurant", with room service available to our hotel guests.
Open for dinner nightly, service in main dining room or patio. Southwestern décor sets pace for the navajo or western style entrees. Our food is all made from scratch and is rated the best in 200 miles. We feature nightly earlbird specials and also offer in Room dining for your pleasure.


Yesterday we received the map necklace Gene bought for me a few months ago. When he bought it I got to choose what part of the world, in map form, my necklace would be. I chose Ellensburg, specifically where Anderson, our dorm room, was and the surrounding campus. I thought it was fitting as this was the place I met Gene, as well as Elisabeth and Sidney. The necklace is beautiful. As someone who does not wear jewelry, I'm very pleased. It looks nice and actually represents something important to me. Win win.
After my morning jog with Sidney, I finished a puzzle I had been working on. It was a puzzle of doors and it was fun to do. I wanted to finish before company arrives for the wedding next week as we'll likely need to use the card table. We went to an ice cream store in the afternoon since it is so hot and I tried chocolate peanut butter ice cream. It was good but really rich so I couldn't finish it all. A treat for later!
That necklace is so cool! And I love the gif!!!
yes, cool. do you actually recognize the streets, etc?
You could recognize some streets if you looked at google maps, but it might be a bit hard.


I have had lots of fun over the years at the Nashville Film Festival, hanging with folks like Nicole Kidman, Famke Janssen, Hal Holbrook, Kris Kristofferson and Lyle Lovett. And now I'm spreading the good word about the event in Cowboys & Indians.
Weren't you also the guy I saw William Shatner fist bump at the Nashville Film festival?
True dat. It was after the festival folks graciously gifted him with a spiffy new guitar.


text:
Fifty Years of Fashion
New Look to Now
Valerie Steele
From haute couture to hot pants, from glamour to grunge, the past fifty years have witnessed some startling revolutions in fashion. This lively survey of postwar fashion not only describes the great designers and their creations but also places trends in clothing within their social and cultural contexts.
Valerie Steele begins by discussing the impact of World War II on the international fashion system, explaining, for example, how the success of Christian Dior's "New Look" was the result of sweeping social and economic changes that included a shift from the atelier to the global corporate conglomerate. In the 1950s, Steele argues, developments in the world of fashion were influenced by sexual politics and the anxieties associated with the Cold War: social conformity and gender stereotypes led to such phenomena as "wife-dressing" and "the man in the grey flannel suit." Steele traces the fashion revolution of the 1960s, which smashed both social and sartorial rules as "swinging London" inaugurated its own new dictatorship of youth. She describes the rise of the women's movement and the hippies' antifashion sentiment, which ushered in a new freedom of choice in the 1970s, "the decade that taste forgot." She finds that the 1980s, often described as "the decade of greed," was actually a more complicated period, when Calvin Klein jeans as well as suits by Armani became notorious yuppie status symbols. And she shows that the fashion of the 1990s, emphatically postmodernist, has repeatedly returned to the themes of Retro, Ethno, and Techno styles.
Valerie Steele is chief curator of the Museum at the Fashion Institute of Technology in New York City.
A dividend selection of the Book-of-the-Month Club
"A lushly illustrated discussion of the ways in social events have affected fashion since Christian Dior's revolutionizing 'New Look,' Fifty Years of Fashion traces the connections between events like World War II to their reaction in fashion. . . . This is a must have for anyone interested in cultural history in all its forms."—Jodi Kaye, Bloomsbury Review
"A lively survey of how we have dressed since World War II, from haute couture to hot pants, glamour to grunge."—Karol Stonger, Bradenton, FL Herald
"As an overview of the importance of styles for our times, 50 Years works, and the gorgeous dresses and suits pictured . . . illustrate the social factors and silhouettes reflective of the times in which they were designed."—Kendall Morgan, Dallas Morning News
"Offers acute observations about the historic and cultural contexts of fashion trends and fads from 1947 to the present. Interwoven into the superbly written text is a valuable literature study on the subject. . . . Best of all, readers are treated to over 65 photographs of some the garments in the museum at FIT. This book should be required reading for students of the 20th-century fashion, but it is so well written that lay readers will enjoy it too. Highly recommended."—Library Journal
"A lively history of dizzying shifts in the way we look, Steele's book puts clothes in the context of the rest of our lives."—Cathy Curtis, Los Angeles Times
"[This book] provides a fine illustrated history which charts the ebb and flow of different fashion trends over time. Period pictures as well as new photos are included in a collection which charts how fashion changes. Essential for any collection covering fashion issues."—Diane C. Donovan, Midwest Book Review
"Perhaps no one is better able to interpret fashion than Valerie Steele. As chief curator of the Fashion Institute of Technology in New York, she is an expert on style and design. But Steele doesn't just sit back and admire her chic surroundings. Instead, she builds memorable exhibits and translates them for publication in books such as Fifty Years of Fashion: New Look to Now. . . . The 1997 exhibit has since been taken down, but the book is still available and provides a wonderful overview of the stylish display. The book—like the exhibit—explores how and why fashion has changed over the past half-century. Steele writes for the haute couture-educated, as well as the dedicated mall shopper. You need only have a slight interest in fashion to enjoy Steele's book."—Heather Hannan, Pittsburgh Tribune Review
"[Steele's] beautifully illustrated and authoritative book . . . assesses the style of the half-century 1947 to 1997."—Anne Cowan, The Glasgow Herald
"Steele makes thorough use of the rich collection of garments and atelier photographs from the Fashion Institute of Technology's vaults. She achieves what fashion itself so rarely manages: context."—Leanne Delap, The Globe and Mail
"As a fashion historian, she is quite simply one of the best. . . . Her main strength, and it is a great one indeed, is to put fashion in the context of society in which and for which it is made. If the history of fashion has any usefulness, it is as a mirror to the surrounding culture, reflecting both the hopes as well as the anxious neuroses of the time. Valerie Steele makes fashion history seem very useful indeed. Another well-thumbed text to grace the bookshelf."—Sally Brampton, The Observer
"A thoughtful examination of style that takes in everything from why French women persisted in wearing trousers during World War II despite Vichy orders to the contrary, to the causes and consequences of grunge."—Vogue
176 pages, x
50 b/w + 100 color illus.
Also of Interest More from this Author
Reflections on Gender and Science
Evelyn Fox Keller
(Not) Getting Paid to Do What You Love
Gender, Social Media, and Aspirational Work
Brooke Erin Duffy
A Quiet Revolution
The Veil's Resurgence, from the Middle East to America
From Victims to Suspects
Muslim Women Since 9/11
Shakira Hussein
Grammar and Gender
Dennis Baron
Boyhoods
Rethinking Masculinities
Ken Corbett
The Art of Weightlessness
Valerie Steele, Patricia Mears, and Clare Sauro
Japan Fashion Now
Valerie Steele with Patricia Mears, Yuniya Kawamura, and Hi
Valerie Steele and Colleen Hill
A History of Lingerie
Colleen Hill; With an introduction by Valerie Steele
Fashion Underground
The World of Susanne Bartsch
Valerie Steele and Melissa Marra; With Susanne Bartsch and
Social Science > Gender Studies
Art and Architecture > Fashion and Costume History
History > Women's Studies
Performing Arts > Theatre
History > European History
History > Popular Culture