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Film and Television: Biographies
Blanchett, Cate 1969–
views updated May 21 2018
Full name, Catherine Elise Blanchett; born May 14, 1969, in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; daughter of Robert (an advertising executive) and June (a property developer and teacher) Blanchett; married Andrew Upton (a writer, director, and producer), December 29, 1997; children: Dashiell John, Roman Robert. Education: National Institute of Dramatic Art, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia, graduated, 1992; also attended Methodist Ladies' College, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia and Melbourne University.
Addresses: Agent—Hylda Queally, Creative Artists Agency, 9830 Wilshire Blvd., Beverly Hills, CA 90212; Robyn Gardiner, RGM Associates, 64-76 Kippax St., Level 2, Suite 202, Surrey Hills, New South Wales 2010, Australia. Publicist—Lisa Kasteler, Wolf/Kasteler/Van Iden and Associates Public Relations, 335 North Maple Dr., Suite 351, Beverly Hills, CA 90210.
Career: Actress and producer. Australian Film Institute, ambassador. Appeared in commercials and print advertisements and endorsed products.
Member: Screen Actors Guild.
Awards, Honors: Newcomer Award, Sydney Theatre Critics Circle, 1993, for Kafka Dances; Rosemont Award, Sydney Theatre Critics Circle, best actress, 1993, for Oleanna; Melbourne Green Room Award nomination, 1995, for Hamlet; Australian Film Institute Award, best performance by an actress in a supporting role, 1997, and Film Critics of Australia Award, best supporting actor—female, 1998, both for Thank God He Met Lizzie; Australian Film Institute Award nomination, best performance by an actress in a leading role, 1998, and Film Critics of Australia Award nomination, best actor—female, 1999, both for Oscar and Lucinda; Toronto Film Critics Association Award, best female performance, and Sierra Award, most promising actor, Las Vegas Film Critics Society, both 1998, Golden Globe Award, best performance by an actress in a motion picture drama, Golden Satellite Award, best performance by an actress in a motion picture drama, International Press Academy, Film Award, best performance by an actress in a leading role, British Academy of Film and Television Arts, Chicago Film Critics Association Award, Broadcast Film Critics Association Award, Southeastern Film Critics Association Award, Chlotrudis Award, Empire Award, and Online Film Critics Society Award, all best actress, ALFS Award, actress of the year, London Critics Circle, Academy Award nomination, best actress in a leading role, Screen Actors Guild Award nomination, outstanding performance by a female actor in a leading role, and MTV Movie Award nomination, best breakthrough female performance, all 1999, all for Elizabeth; Golden Satellite Award nomination, best performance by an actress in a supporting role in a comedy or musical, 2000, for An Ideal Husband; Film Award nomination, best performance by an actress in a supporting role, British Academy of Film and Television Arts, and Blockbuster Entertainment Award nomination, favorite supporting actress—suspense, both 2000, for The Talented Mr. Ripley; Chlotrudis Award nomination, best supporting actress, 2000, for An Ideal Husband and The Talented Mr. Ripley; National Board of Review Award, best supporting actress, 2001, for The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring, The Man Who Cried, and The Shipping News; Saturn Award nomination, best actress, Academy of Science Fiction, Fantasy, and Horror Films, and Phoenix Film Critics Society Award nomination, best actress in a leading role, both 2001, for The Gift; Phoenix Film Critics Society Award, best acting ensemble, and Screen Actors Guild Award nomination, outstanding performance by the cast of a theatrical motion picture, both with others, both 2002, for The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring; Golden Globe Award nomination, best performance by an actress in a motion picture musical or comedy, Screen Actors Guild Award nomination, outstanding performance by a female actor in a supporting role, and American Film Institute Award nomination, featured female actor of the year in movies, all 2002, for Bandits; Audience Award, best supporting actress, Chlotrudis awards, 2002, for The Man Who Cried; Golden Satellite Award nomination, best performance by an actress in a motion picture drama, and Sierra Award nomination, best actress, both 2002, for Charlotte Gray; Florida Film Critics Circle Award, best supporting actress, 2002, for Bandits, The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring, The Man Who Cried, and The Shipping News; German Golden Camera Award, international film category, 2002, for Heaven; Phoenix Film Critics Society Award, best acting ensemble, Online Film Critics Society Award, best ensemble, and Screen Actors Guild Award nomination, outstanding performance by the cast of a theatrical motion picture, all with others, all 2003, for The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers; named one of the 100 greatest movie stars, Channel 4 (England), 2003; National Board of Review Award, best acting by an ensemble, 2003, Screen Actors Guild Award, outstanding performance by the cast of a theatrical motion picture, Broadcast Film Critics Association Award, best acting ensemble, and Phoenix Film Critics Society Award nomination, best ensemble acting, all 2004, all with others, all for The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King; Golden Globe Award nomination, best performance by an actress in a motion picture drama, and Empire Award nomination, best actress, both 2004, for Veronica Guerin; Saturn Award nomination, best actress, 2004, for The Missing; Boston Society of Film Critics Award nomination, best supporting actress, 2004, Academy Award, best performance by an actress in a supporting role, Screen Actors Guild Award, outstanding performance by a female actor in a supporting role, Film Award, best performance by an actress in a supporting role, British Academy of Film and Television Arts, Broadcast Film Critics Association Award, Kansas City Film Critics Circle Award, and Online Film Critics Society Award, all best supporting actress, Golden Globe Award nomination, best performance by an actress in a supporting role in a motion picture, Golden Satellite Award nomination, best actress in a supporting role in a dramatic film, Empire Award nomination, best actress, and Screen Actors Guild Award nomination (with others), outstanding performance by the cast of a theatrical motion picture, all 2005, all for The Aviator; Australian Film Institute Award, best lead actress, news limited readers' choice award, Australian Film Institute, and Lexus Inside Film (IF) Award, best actress, all 2005, for Little Fish; Independent Spirit Award nomination, best supporting female, Independent Features Project/West, and Chlotrudis Award nomination, best supporting actress, both 2005, for Coffee and Cigarettes; Broadcast Film Critics Association Award nomination (with others), best ensemble, 2005, for The Life Aquatic with Steve Zissou; Sierra Award, best supporting actress, 2005, for The Aviator and The Life Aquatic with Steve Zissou; Central Ohio Film Critics Award, actor of the year, 2005, for The Aviator, Coffee and Cigarettes, and The Life Aquatic with Steve Zissou; Helpmann Award, best actress in a play, Australian Entertainment Industry Association, 2005, for Hedda Gabler.
Film Appearances:
Vivian, Police Rescue (also known as Police Rescue: The Movie), 1994.
Rosie, Parklands (short film), Soft Fruit, 1996.
Lizzie, Thank God He Met Lizzie (also known as The Wedding Party), Beyond Films, 1997.
Lucinda Leplastrier, Oscar and Lucinda, Fox Searchlight Pictures, 1997.
Susan Macarthy, Paradise Road, Fox Searchlight Pictures, 1997.
Queen Elizabeth I (title role), Elizabeth (also known as Elizabeth: The Virgin Queen), Gramercy Pictures, 1998.
Connie Falzone, Pushing Tin (also known as Turbulenzen-und andere Katastrophen), Twentieth Century-Fox, 1999.
Julie-Anne, Bangers (short film), 1999.
Lady Gertrude Childtern, An Ideal Husband, Miramax, 1999.
Meredith Logue, The Talented Mr. Ripley (also known as The Mysterious Yearning Secretive Sad Lonely Troubled Confused Loving Musical Gifted Intelligent Beautiful Tender Sensitive Haunted Passionate Talented Mr. Ripley), Miramax, 1999.
Annabelle "Annie" Wilson, The Gift, Paramount Classics, 2000.
Lola, The Man Who Cried (also known as The Man Who Cried—Les larmes d'un homme), Universal Focus, 2000.
Title role, Charlotte Gray (also known as Die Liebe der Charlotte Gray), Warner Bros., 2001.
Galadriel, The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (also known as The Fellowship of the Ring and The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring: The Motion Picture), New Line Cinema, 2001.
Kate Wheeler, Bandits, Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, 2001.
Petal Bear, The Shipping News (also known as Noeuds et denouements), Miramax, 2001.
Galadriel, The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers (also known as The Two Towers and Der Herr der Ringe: Die zwei Tuerme), New Line Cinema, 2002.
Philippa, Heaven, Miramax, 2002.
Galadriel, The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King (also known as Der Herr de Ringe: Die Rueckkehr des Koenigs), New Line Cinema, 2003.
Maggie Gilkeson, The Missing, Columbia, 2003.
Title role, Veronica Guerin, Buena Vista, 2003.
Cate/Shelly, "Cousins," Coffee and Cigarettes, Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer/United Artists, 2004.
Jane Winslett-Richardson, The Life Aquatic with Steve Zissou (also known as The Life Aquatic and Untitled Wes Anderson Project), Buena Vista, 2004.
Katharine Hepburn, The Aviator, Miramax, 2004.
Tracy Heart, Little Fish, Myriad Pictures, 2005.
Lena Brandt, The Good German, Warner Bros., 2006.
Sheba Hart, Notes on a Scandal, Fox Searchlight Pictures, 2006.
Babel, Paramount, 2006.
I'm Not There (also known as I'm Not There: Suppositions on a Film Concerning Dylan), Killer Films, 2006.
Benjamin Button, Paramount, c. 2007.
Appeared as an extra in a film made in Egypt.
Film Producer:
Bangers (short film), 1999, later included as a segment of the film Stories of Lost Souls, 2005.
Stage Appearances:
Carol, Oleanna, Sydney Theatre Company, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia, 1993.
Felice Bauer, Kafka Dances, Sydney Theatre Company, 1993.
Top Girls, Sydney Theatre Company, 1993.
Helen, Sweet Phoebe, Sydney Theatre Company, then Melbourne Theatre Company, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 1994, then Playbox Theatre, 1995.
Miranda, The Tempest, Belvoir Street Theatre Company, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia, 1995.
Ophelia, Hamlet, Belvoir Street Theatre Company, 1995.
Rose, The Blind Giant Is Dancing, Belvoir Street Theatre Company, 1996.
Nina, The Seagull, Belvoir Street Theatre Company, 1997.
Susan Traherne, Plenty (also known as Strife for Love: Plenty), Albery Theatre, London, 1999.
Title role, Hedda Gabler, Sydney Theatre Company, Wharf Theatre, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia, 2004, Brooklyn Academy of Music, Brooklyn, New York City, 2006.
Television Appearances; Series:
Janie Morris, G.P., Australian Broadcasting Corporation, beginning c. 1994.
Television Appearances; Miniseries:
Elizabeth "Beth" Ashton, Heartland (also known as Burned Bridge), Australian Broadcasting Corporation, 1994.
Bianca, Bordertown, Australian Broadcasting Corporation, 1995.
Herself, The 100 Greatest Movie Stars, Channel 4 (England), 2003.
Television Appearances; Specials:
Herself, Fox Studios Australia: The Grand Opening, Nine Network (Australia), 1999.
Galadriel and herself, National Geographic: Beyond the Movie—The Lord of the Rings, 2001.
Galadriel and herself, Quest for the Ring, Fox, 2001.
Herself, A Passage to Middle-Earth: Making of "Lord of the Rings," Sci-Fi Channel, 2001.
Herself, Reel Comedy: Bandits, Comedy Central, 2001.
Herself, A Life without Limits: The Making of the "Aviator," FX Channel, 2004.
Herself, Reel Comedy: The Life Aquatic, Comedy Central, 2004.
Television Appearances; Awards Presentations:
The 71st Annual Academy Awards, ABC, 1999.
Herself, Hollywood Salute Bruce Willis: An American Cinematheque Tribute, TNT, 2000.
Herself, The Orange British Academy Film Awards, E! Entertainment Television, 2000.
Presenter, The 72nd Annual Academy Awards Presentation, ABC, 2000.
Herself, The 59th Annual Golden Globe Awards, NBC, 2002.
Presenter, The 60th Annual Golden Globe Awards, NBC, 2003.
Presenter, The 61st Annual Golden Globe Awards, NBC, 2004.
Herself, The Orange British Academy Film Awards, 2005.
Herself, The 62nd Annual Golden Globe Awards, NBC, 2005.
Presenter, 11th Annual Screen Actors Guild Awards (also known as Screen Actors Guild 11th Annual Awards), TNT, 2005.
Presenter, The 77th Annual Academy Awards, ABC, 2005.
Presenter, The 20th IFP Independent Spirit Awards, Independent Film Channel and Bravo, 2005.
Television Appearances; Episodic:
Mrs. Haines, "The Loaded Boy," Police Rescue, Australian Broadcasting Corporation and BBC, 1993.
(In archive footage) Elizabeth I, "El cos," Sexes, TV3 (Television de Catalunya, Spain), 2005.
Television Guest Appearances; Episodic:
Drama School, Seven Network (Australia), c. 2000.
Parkinson, BBC, 2002.
The Rosie O'Donnell Show, syndicated, 2002.
Entertainment Tonight (also known as Entertainment This Week, ET, E.T., ET Weekend, and This Week in Entertainment), syndicated, 2003.
God kveld Norge, 2003.
Inside the Actors Studio, Bravo, 2003.
Tinseltown TV, International Channel, 2003.
V Graham Norton, Channel 4 (England), 2003.
The Tonight Show with Jay Leno, NBC, 2003, 2005.
"The Aviator," History vs. Hollywood (also known as Hollywood through the Lens), History Channel, 2004.
The Film Programme (also known as Film '04), BBC, 2004.
Good Day Live, Fox, 2004.
The Late Show with David Letterman (also known as The Late Show), CBS, 2004.
Live with Regis and Kelly, syndicated, 2004.
"Wetten, dass …? aus Berlin," Wetten, dass …?, 2005.
The Bigger Picture, BBC, 2005.
Ellen: The Ellen DeGeneres Show (also known as Ellen and The Ellen DeGeneres Show), syndicated, 2005.
The Oprah Winfrey Show (also known as Oprah), syndicated, 2005.
Also appeared as herself in "Extreme Close-up with … Bruce Willis—Bandits," Extreme Close Up with …, E! Entertainment Television.
Videos; as Herself:
The Making of "Elizabeth," PolyGram Filmed Entertainment, 1998.
Inside "The Talented Mr. Ripley," Paramount, 1999.
Reflections on "The Talented Mr. Ripley," 2000.
Inside "Bandits," Cloverland Productions, 2001.
Herself and Galadriel, The Making of "The Lord of the Rings," 2002.
Scene 71 Filmmakers Workshop, Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Home Entertainment, 2003.
New Frontiers: Making "The Missing," Columbia/TriStar Home Entertainment, 2004.
This Is an Adventure, Criterion Collections, 2005.
Contributor to periodicals, including This Is London.
International Dictionary of Films and Filmmakers, Volume 3: Actors and Actresses, fourth edition, St. James Press, 2000.
Periodicals:
Boston Globe, November 14, 1998.
Box Office, October, 1998.
Calgary Sun, March 15, 1999, p. 38.
Dallas Morning News, February 7, 1998; February 27, 1999.
Detour, February, 1998, p. 118.
Elle, May, 1999.
Empire, May, 1998, p. 34.
Entertainment Weekly, November 13, 1998, p. 53; January 22, 1999, p. 46; March 1, 1999, p. 40; February 4, 2005, p. 47.
Guardian (London), November 28, 1998; April 18, 1999.
Harper's Bazaar, December 1, 1998, p. 238; October 1, 2001, pp. 222-25; August 1, 2005, pp. 144-51.
Independent on Sunday, March 29, 1998, p. 18.
Interview, January, 1998, p. 56.
Los Angeles, December, 1999.
Maclean's, November 16, 1998, p. 88.
Movieline, December, 2001, pp. 64-65.
Movieline's Hollywood Life, November 1, 2003, pp. 60-67, 124.
Newsweek, January 12, 1998, p. 61.
New York Daily News, November 10, 1998.
New York Times, October 24, 1999; December 12, 2004.
People Weekly, October 29, 2001, pp. 77-78.
Premiere, March, 1999, pp. 82-85; December 1, 2003, pp. 82, 84.
Sunday Telegraph, September 20, 1998, p. 10.
Time International, January 26, 1998, p. 60.
Toronto Star, November 6, 1998.
Urban Cinefile, April, 2001.
Vanity Fair, May, 1999.
Vogue, July, 2000, pp. 176-81, 218-19.
Contemporary Theatre, Film and Television
"Blanchett, Cate 1969– ." Contemporary Theatre, Film and Television. . Encyclopedia.com. 29 Dec. 2021 <https://www.encyclopedia.com>.
"Blanchett, Cate 1969– ." Contemporary Theatre, Film and Television. . Encyclopedia.com. (December 29, 2021). https://www.encyclopedia.com/education/news-wires-white-papers-and-books/blanchett-cate-1969
"Blanchett, Cate 1969– ." Contemporary Theatre, Film and Television. . Retrieved December 29, 2021 from Encyclopedia.com: https://www.encyclopedia.com/education/news-wires-white-papers-and-books/blanchett-cate-1969
Blanchett, Cate
Nationality: Australian. Born: Catherine Elise Blanchett in Melbourne, 14 May 1969. Family: Married to Andrew Upton, 1997. Education: Studied economics and fine arts at the University of Melbourne; graduated from Australia's National Institute of Dramatic Art. Career: Appeared on the Sydney stage in Caryl Churchill's Top Girls, Timothy Daly's Kafka Dances, and David Mamet'sOleanna, 1993; appeared in other stage plays in Australia, most notably with the Sydney Theatre Company and Belvoir Street Theatre Company; made guest appearances on Australian television, mid-1990s; earned international acclaim for her starring role in Elizabeth, 1998; starred in David Hare's Plenty on the London stage, 1999. Awards: Rosemount Newcomer Award, Sydney Theatre Critics Circle, for Kafka Dances, 1993; Rosemount Best Actress Award, for Oleanna, 1993; Melbourne Green Room Award nomination, for Hamlet, 1995; Australian Film Institute Award, Best Performance by an Actress in a Supporting Role, for Thank God He Met Lizzie, 1997; British Academy Award for Best Performance by an Actress in a Leading Role, Chicago Film Critics Association Award for Best Actress, London Critics Circle Award as Actress of the Year, Golden Globe Award for Best Performance by an Actress in a Motion Picture (Drama), Broadcast Film Critics Association Award for Best Actress, Online Film Critics Society Award for Best Actress, Southeastern Film Critics Association Award for Best Actress, and Golden Satellite Award for Best Actress in a Motion Picture (Drama), all for Elizabeth, 1998. Address: c/o Robyn Gardiner Management, P.O. Box 128, Surry Hills, NSW, 2010, Australia.
Films as Actress:
Parklands (Millard) (as Rosie)
Paradise Road (Beresford) (as Susan McCarthy); Thank God He Met Lizzie (Nowlan) (as Lizzie); Oscar and Lucinda(Armstrong) (as Lucinda)
Elizabeth (Kapur) (as Elizabeth I)
An Ideal Husband (Parker) (as Lady Gertrud Chiltern); Push-ing Tin (Newell) (as Connie Falzone); Bangers (Upton) (as Housewife) (short); The Talented Mr. Ripley (Minghella)(as Meredith Logue)
By BLANCHETT: articles—
"Heaven's Cate," interview with Howard Feinstein, in Detour (New York), February 1998.
"Cate's a Girl to Bet On," interview with York Membory in Evening Standard (London), 18 March 1998.
"Double or Nothing: He's So Fiennes and Ms. Blanchett's Not Bad Either," interview with Christine Hogan, in Australian Harper's Bazaar, 19 March 1998.
Interview with Angie Errigo, in Empire (London), May 1998.
"G'day to You Queen Bess," interview with Sheila Johnston, in Telegraph (London), 22 September 1998.
"Their Elizabethan Era," interview with Kim Williamson, in Box Office (Los Angeles), October 1998.
"Blanchett Comes Out of Nowhere Fast," interview with Judy Gerstel, in Toronto Star, 6 November 1998.
"The Queen of Elizabeth," interview with Lewis Beale, in Daily News (New York), 10 November 1998.
"Cate Blanchett Gives Elizabeth a Human Face," interview with Peter Brunette, in Boston Globe, 14 November 1998.
"The Queen and I," interview with Howard Feinstein, in the Guardian (London), 28 November 1998.
"Let Them Meet Cate," interview with Mark Salisbury, in Premiere (New York), March 1999.
Blanchett, Cate, "Cate Blanchett on Crying in Public Places," in This Is London, 4 March 1999.
"Pale and Interesting," interview with Mick Brown, in Telegraph (London), 27 March 1999.
"Why the Elizabeth Star Has Taken Hollywood by Storm," interview in Vanity Fair (New York), May 1999.
"Why We Love Cate," interview with Jenny Cullen, in Australian Woman's Weekly, June 1999.
"Complicated," interview with Lesley White, in New York Times, 24 October 1999.
"The Talented Ms. Blanchett," interview with Melissande Clarke, in Los Angeles Magazine, December 1999.
On BLANCHETT: articles—
"In Profile," in Cinema Papers (Victoria, Australia), 29 May 1997.
Fitzgerald, Michael, "The World at Her Feet," in Time (New York), 26 January 1998.
Bowe, Kitty, "Queen Cate," in Harper's Bazaar (New York), 1 December 1998.
Sinclair, Tom, article in Entertainment Weekly (New York), 1 March 1999. Minghella, Anthony, "A Date with Cate," in Guardian (London), 18 April 1999.
"Cate Blanchett Rocks Hollywood," in Elle (New York), May 1999.
Barber, Lynden, and D.D. McNicoll, "Blanchett Reigns as Australian of Year," in The Australian (Surry Hills, New South Wales), 22 January 2000.
Of all the performers who emerged onto the international film scene in the late 1990s, Cate Blanchett was among the most promising. Her luminous good looks combine with a passion, intelligence, and versatility that are reminiscent of Meryl Streep. Although it is premature at this point in her career to cite her as Streep's acting equal, Blanchett is a performer who, like Streep, seamlessly inhabits her characters, making them believable despite their diversity in class, nationality, or life experience.
Upon graduation from Australia's National Institute of Dramatic Art, Blanchett quickly established herself as an up-and-coming stage actress. She was the first performer to win two Sydney Theatre Critics Circle awards in the same year (1993), for Best Newcomer and Lead Actress, and further established herself by playing everything from Shakespeare to David Mamet on the Australian stage. Blanchett's first high-profile screen credit was in Paradise Road, a well-intentioned but cliched prisoner-of-war drama, in which she was cast alongside veteran actresses Glenn Close, Pauline Collins, and Frances McDormand. Next, she won the title role, opposite Ralph Fiennes, in Oscar and Lucinda, a Victorian-era romantic adventure. Blanchett gave a spirited performance while playing Lucinda Leplastrier, an eccentric, fiercely independent young woman raised on a ranch in the Australian outback. With her soul mate, the shy, guilt-ridden Oscar Hopkins, Lucinda shares a love of gambling and an inability to fit into society.
The energy and finesse Blanchett brought to the role made her a natural for the film that was to win her international stardom: Elizabeth, which like Oscar and Lucinda is a period piece featuring a spunky and determined heroine. Elizabeth is a dark, absorbing historical drama and political spectacle. It is set in England during the mid-16th century, with Henry VIII dead and the nation in religious turmoil. Mary I, who has taken the throne from her father, is a Catholic; Elizabeth, her younger half-sister, is a Protestant. At the outset of the story, Mary orders Elizabeth taken into custody, and she barely escapes with her life. But upon Mary's death, Elizabeth becomes England's ruler. At its core, Elizabeth is the story of the molding of a queen. It charts the manner in which Elizabeth—as embodied by Blanchett—is transformed from a fanciful young woman who thinks with her heart and not her head to the tough, venerated Virgin Queen of history. Elizabeth is a complex, demanding role, and Blanchett exudes a majestic dignity as her character matures.
In spite of her stardom, Blanchett accepted a supporting role in a film because she was intrigued by its story and interested in working with the cast and director. In Pushing Tin, a tale of conflicting New York City air traffic controllers, she plays Connie Falzone, a middle-class Long Island housewife-mother with a thick New York accent. Though the primary concerns of Elizabeth I are ruling her country, Connie's life focuses on her family and tuna casseroles. Yet Blanchett offered the same intelligence to the creation of both characters; she appears equally familiar with the inner beings of these altogether different women. In fact, Blanchett blends so seamlessly into PushingTin that it might seem unimaginable that she is the same actress who, scant months earlier, had starred in Elizabeth. Then, in The Talented Mr. Ripley, Blanchett added just the right shading to a character who is a pawn to the plot: Meredith Logue, a breathless debutante-social butterfly whose knowledge of the chameleon-like title character plays a significant role as the story develops. Here, the character of Meredith is secondary to the film's heroine, Marge Sherwood (played by Gwyneth Paltrow, whose performance a year earlier in Shakespeare in Love topped Blanchett's Elizabeth I for the Best Actress Academy Award). Another noteworthy part came in An Ideal Husband, based on the play by Oscar Wilde, in which she was cast as Lady Gertrud Chiltern, the naive, adoring wife of an indiscreet government minister.
Unlike those stars who start their careers on the stage and never return upon making their cinematic splash, Blanchett's dedication to acting is exemplified by her decision in 1999 to appear in London's West End in David Hare's Plenty—despite her being in demand for screen roles. Blanchett's signature screen performance remains Elizabeth I, but she appears to be at the beginning of a very promising career. It will be interesting to observe how her career evolves.
International Dictionary of Films and Filmmakers Edelman, Rob
Edelman, Rob "Blanchett, Cate ." International Dictionary of Films and Filmmakers. . Encyclopedia.com. 29 Dec. 2021 <https://www.encyclopedia.com>.
Edelman, Rob "Blanchett, Cate ." International Dictionary of Films and Filmmakers. . Encyclopedia.com. (December 29, 2021). https://www.encyclopedia.com/movies/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/blanchett-cate
Edelman, Rob "Blanchett, Cate ." International Dictionary of Films and Filmmakers. . Retrieved December 29, 2021 from Encyclopedia.com: https://www.encyclopedia.com/movies/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/blanchett-cate
WINSLET, Kate , WINSLET, Kate 1975– PERSONAL Full name, Kate Elizabeth Winslet; born October 5, 1975, in Reading, Berkshire, England; daughter of Roger (an actor) an… Frances Mcdormand , McDORMAND, Frances 1957– (Francis McDorman, Fran McDormand) PERSONAL Born June 23, 1957, in Illinois; raised in Georgia, Kentucky, Tennessee, and Pen… Miranda Richardson , Richardson, Miranda 1958– RICHARDSON, Miranda 1958– PERSONAL Full name, Miranda Jane Richardson; born March 3, 1958, in Southport, Lancashire, Englan… Emma Thompson , Thompson, Emma 1959- PERSONAL Born April 15, 1959, in London, England; daughter of Eric (a director) and Phyllida (an actress) Thompson; sister of So… Gwyneth Paltrow , PALTROW, Gwyneth 1972– PERSONAL Full name, Gwyneth Kate Paltrow; born September 28, 1972, in Los Angeles, CA; daughter of Bruce Paltrow (a television… Helen Mirren , Mirren, Helen 1945(?)– MIRREN, Helen 1945(?)– PERSONAL Original name, Ilynea Lydia Mironoff; born July 25, 1945 (some sources say 1946), in London, E…
Collette, Toni 1972–
ALLEN, Joan 1956–
Moore, Julianne 1960– (Julie Ann Moore)
Connelly, Jennifer 1970–
Linney, Laura 1964–
SWANK, Hilary 1974–
WATTS, Naomi 1968–
Zhang, Ziyi 1979- (Zhang Ziyi)
catchweight
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catchpenny
Catchings, Tamika 1979–
Catchings, Tamika (1979–)
catching's before hanging
Catching the Dream
catch-as-catch-can
Catch the Heat
Catch That Kid
catch old birds with chaff, you cannot
Catch Me a Spy
catch crop
Cate, Annette LeBlanc
Cate, Curtis 1924-2006 (Curtis Wilson Cate)
Cate, Curtis 1924–
Cateau, Le
Cateau-Cambrésis (1559)
Cateau-Cambrésis, Treaty of (1559)
Catechesis, I (Early Christian)
Catechesis, II (Medieval)
Catechesis, III (Reformation)
Catechetical Directories, National
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Catechism of the Council of Trent
Catechism, Imperial
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Review: Namco Museum Archives Volume 1 and 2 (Nintendo Switch)
Arcade/Bandai Namco/compilation/game compilation/Namco Musuem Archives/Nintendo Switch/Retro/Reviews/Switch Review
Competition around the "retro compilation" space has become surprisingly fierce. It's no longer enough to simply drop emulations of a handful of random arcade titles from the backlog and call it a day. As the likes of Capcom, Konami and SNK have shown, players are really keen on carefully curated lists of games that act as something like an interactive museum, with features that make the games more palatable to the modern audience.
Related reading: Also on Nintendo Switch, our Space Invaders Invincible Collection review.
A lot of newer players want to enjoy the pixel glories of yesteryear, but as principles of game design and expectations have shifted, so too have what players tolerate in their games. Those super-short experiences that were so punishingly difficult that they could feel impossible are no longer in vogue. Players are comfortable with difficult games, but they also want the sense that they're in control of that difficulty, and they don't want to be left wondering if they'll ever see the end.
The Namco Museum Archives series features save games and the ability to "rewind" play at will. These are nothing new to compilations now, but it's a welcome, if not mandatory touch that immediately makes the entire collection more accessible. In other words, the collection does hit the bare minimum that allows it to be compared to its peers. It lacks some of the digital art book and historical features that some of the better compilations have included, and lacks the choice between the console and arcade versions of these games that it really should have had. Players should have been able to experience the different versions of Pac-Man if they wanted. Nonetheless, the collection does feel robust and well-thought out, with everything from the game selection to those quality of life enhancements there that do significantly improve the experience.
Some of these retro compilations have very narrow focuses – Capcom's Street Fighter or Konami's Castlevania collection, for example. Other times the effort is to go wide – the SNK collection or Nintendo's own SNES and NES apps on Nintendo Switch, for example. Namco Museum Archives is another that goes wide, and the range of experiences on offer is a wonderful cross-selection of what gave Namco such early prominence in the industry. The full list of games across each compilation is below:
NAMCO MUSEUM ARCHIVES Volume 1:
Xevious
Dig-Dug
The Tower of Druaga
Sky Kid
Dragon Spirit: The New Legend
Splatterhouse: Wanpaku Graffiti
Pac-Man Championship Edition
Pac-Land
Dig Dug II
Super Xevious
Mappy-Land
Dragon Buster II
Mendel Palace
Gaplus
You've almost certainly heard of Pac-Man, Galaga, Dig Dug and Xevious. They've been around and relatively available for many years now across many generations of consoles. Others, though, are probably less familiar: Dragon Spirit, Dragon Buster, Mendel Palace, Sky Kid. It's great that the collection has both and not only will you get to play your old favourites (and no matter how many times you've played Pac-Man, it is timeless), but you'll discover new games too. In fact, some of them are Namco-published classics from other developers, such as Mendel Palace (Game Freak) and Legacy of the Wizard (Nihon Falcom), so the flavours of experience across these packages is right up there.
Related reading: Our review of the Street Fighter 30th Anniversary collection.
Finally, as an added bonus, there are two games (Dragon Spirit: The New Legend and Mappy-Land) that are getting their first proper port and official western release. I love when compilations do that – the Mana collection and Castlevania collections both gave fans a chance to play something new and of historical interest to their favourite properties for the first time (officially), and while these two from the Museum Archives aren't part of a specific series, they are important in the context of Namco, the publisher and developer, and are therefore of great interest to those who care about video game history.
This is entirely subjective to say, but after Taito, Namco is my favourite retro arcade developer. Pac-Man's the pinnacle, of course, but I have such fond memories of playing everything from Mappy and Druaga to Galaga and Galaxian as a kid that to this day Namco's catalogue elicit a strong nostalgic response from me. The Museum Archives are by no means the perfect collection – they're the wrong ports in that the NES ports rather than the arcade originals are in there, and there are many compilations that have more games in them. With that being said, there's not single dud game in this collection, and whether they're as well known as Pac-Man or as obscure as Dragon Spirit, they're all genuine all-time classics. You buy either of these collections and you'll be coming back to them for years to come.
The critic was provided with a review code for the purposes of review.
Namco Museum Archives: Excellent retro compilations
Railway Empire is now on Nintendo Switch!

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T & I Design specialises in the complete design of bathrooms from concept to completion, including small building works and lighting. Our showroom has beautiful and inspiring settings, and is just the beginning of your experience as a valued client.
As interior designers specialising in bathrooms, we have an extensive library from which to source products to support the display settings and find exactly what is needed for your project.


how to auto complete files names on bash script?
How to re-activate Lazyload when navigating between tabs?
In onCreate you are calling addDrawerItems() before you assign a value to mDrawerList. So it is null when you try to set its adapter.
How to handle listview event while using new android sliding tabs technique?
Andoid, how can i get a row of a listview and send to other tab?
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Passing Browser Tab information at backend?
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Turns out the problem was with the div's and the way the tabs are actually sub-divisions of divisions and total available box sizes. I ended up putting each graph on its own page.
How to determine which tab was right clicked on?
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Home>Music> Lauren London Posts Touching Nipsey Hussle Photo: "Missing You"
Lauren London Posts Touching Nipsey Hussle Photo: "Missing You"
Lauren London posts a tribute to Nipsey Hussle.
At Nipsey Hussle's Celebration of Life, Lauren London gave a beautiful speech to the thousands in attendance, reciting a text message that she sent to her boyfriend in January, telling him just how much he means to her. Weeks after his tragic murder, she still feels the same way about Nipsey Hussle, raising his children to become the best versions of themselves they possibly can be. Along with the whole of Hussle's family, Lauren London is wishing the late rapper were still physically with us to celebrate Easter with his kids. She spent a few moments reflecting on their relationship, posting one of her favorite photos to her social profile and telling him that she misses him.
Gregg DeGuire/Getty Images
Nipsey and Lauren were both walking a red carpet event when they looked at each other in the eyes, smiling big at the other. The moment was captured on camera and Lauren used it to show everybody how strong their love was and still is. Lauren's comments are full of supportive messages from fans and friends wishing her well, sending their best wishes over to the model and her family.
Lauren wasn't the only person remembering Nipsey Hussle over the weekend. The Game continued his "one post a day for Nipsey" initiative and YG followed through with his own tribute.
Music News Nipsey Hussle lauren london tribute couple relationship family instagram nipsey hussle death
Charles Barkley Lists Top 5 NBA Players, Threatens To Slap Kenny Smith
Nike Phantom React Flyknit Unveiled: Official Images and Release Info
MUSIC Lauren London Posts Touching Nipsey Hussle Photo: "Missing You"


Freeland (finger) is in line to start Thursday against the Padres, Nick Groke of The Athletic reports.
Freeland, who gave up three runs on nine hits and a walk while striking out five in five innings Saturday against the Giants, exited the start with a blister on his finger, Patrick Saunders of The Denver Post reports.
Freeland (1-2) took the loss against the Braves on Monday, giving up seven runs on seven hits and four walks in five innings. He struck out three batters.


What Patents Does Microsoft Have?
In these days of concern and amid many attempts to create legal uncertainty and fear, one ought ask: what type of things does Microsoft patent? Here are some of the very latest 'innovations', which also happen to be consumer-hostile.
Punishment patents are a reflection of malice.
DRM patents are yet another (sure-to-fail) attempt to create a system that cannot be cracked and will not hurt innocent customers.
And everyone loves forced advertisements, right?
Needless to say, none of these insidious patents can actually affect Linux. Linux and Free software honour the consumer rather than utilise methods that exploit users for profits.
Another nasty new lawsuit targets a lot of the Wi-Fi sector.
This could wreak havoc everywhere, except some layers' bank accounts.


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Q: RRULE google-rfc-2445 with hour and seconds I'm working with the implementation google-rfc-2445 (https://code.google.com/p/google-rfc-2445/) to generate the date which should be repeated following an event, not as a rule indicate (RRULE) that the repetition is done taking also note the time, ie the date is calculated next time I throw too.
example:
Start Date: 17/04/2013 8:30 a.m.
Rule: "RRULE: FREQ = DAILY; UNTIL = 20130430T083000Z, INTERVAL = 1"
Expected Result, Next Repetition: 4/18/2013 8:30 a.m.
Result Obtained, Next Repetition: 4/18/2013 00 00 00

This is the code I'm using
 LocalDate start = new LocalDate(System.currentTimeMillis());

            String ical = "RRULE:FREQ=DAILY;"
                    + "UNTIL=20130430T083000Z;"
                    + "INTERVAL=1;";

            //Next Notification
            Date f = null;

            for (LocalDate date
                    : LocalDateIteratorFactory.createLocalDateIterable(ical, start, false)) {
                 f  = date.toDateTimeAtCurrentTime().toLocalDate().toDate();
                break;
            }

            System.out.println("Next = " + f);

The printing result is
Next = Wed Apr 17 00:00:00 COT 2013
It is the existence of "BYHOUR = 8; BYMINUTE = 05; BYSECOND = 10" but not how to use it, if I can lend a hand, thank you.

A: LocalDateIteratorFactory produces dates without a corresponding time, but it sounds like you want DateTimes.  Use DateTimeIteratorFactory instead.
Also,
LocalDate start = new LocalDate(System.currentTimeMillis());

is probably not equivalent to
Start Date: 17/04/2013 8:30 a.m.

You probably want to use DateTime
DateTime start = new DateTime(2013, 4, 17, 8, 30, 0);

Finally, there's no reason to use the Joda time compatibility layer if what you want at the end is
Date f = null;

Just use the java.util compatibility layer instead.
I would suggest sticking to Joda time though, since java.util dates are a mess.

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Dating Methods • Dinosaur Soft Tissue • Evolutionary Puzzles • Fossils • Human Evolution
PALEONTOLOGISTS REFUSE TO CARBON DATE DINOSAUR AND HUMAN FOSSILS
Despite new and compelling scientific revelations, such as the discovery of soft tissues and red blood cells in fossils thought to being millions of years old, paleontologists continue to refusals to use carbon dating. Carbon dating on is good on samples thousands of years old so it would certainly be useless on anything thought to being more than about 50,000 years old. However, considering the newest discoveries of soft tissues, their refusal reveals more about their bias then any actual desire to allow the evidence to lead the investigation.
Since fossil fuels are millions of years old, they no longer contain any measurable amount of Carbon-14.
https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/carbon-dating-crucial-scientific-technique-jeopardy-thanks-our-pollution-heres-easy-way-fix-it-180961345/
Evolutionists refuse to carbon date fossils even when found with soft tissues such as red blood cells or non-fossilized bones. Why?
Because carbon dating has a half life of only 5730 years any sample assumed to being over 50,000 years old would not register and carbon and therefore it would be useless. The presence of Carbon-14 in any sample would indicate an age of only thousands of years old and not the millions of years needed by the evolutionary timelines, so this method is not used on dinosaur fossils or "early" human fossils even when the bones are non-fossilized (in other words the "fossils" are really still bone).
Lee Berger lead discoverer of Homo naledi bones "fossils"
As an example, Lee Berger from the University of the Witwatersrand in Johannesburg and his colleagues made an extraordinary discovery. Deep inside a South African cave system they found thousands of bones belonging to a supposed "brand new species" of early humans. Immediately, other scientists wanted Berger to carbon date some of the specimens but he refused. By 2015, it become clear that Homo naledi was unlike anything discovered before. Some elements had similarity to modern human anatomy while other elements were more like that of a chimpanzee.(1)
But Berger and his colleagues had trouble establishing how old the H. naledi fossils were. Without that piece of information, most other researchers agreed that the true significance of Homo naledi for understanding human evolution was unclear. Guesses varied from as old as 2 million years to as young as 100,000 years. But no carbon dating would happen.(1)
So how did Lee Berger (the lead scientist in the discovery of Homo naledi bones– non-fossilized) and his colleagues work out the age of the fossils?
National Geographic stated, "We don't know yet."
https://www.newscientist.com/article/2128834-homo-naledi-is-only-250000-years-old-heres-why-that-matters/#ixzz63QkpQaGN
The refusal of scientists such as Lee Berger with Homo naledi bones or Jack Horner with North Carolina University and soft tissues in a T-Rex reveals a clear bias and perhaps a fear based on a preexisting worldview regarding the fossils. For Lee Berger his refusal is understanding considering his future funding is based on finding "early" human "missing links". A carbon date might very well squash these aspirations of perhaps two million year old fossils.
For Jack Horner his refusal on the recording below is quite telling. Although Jack Horner retired recently the recording of this conversation is quite telling– listen for yourself. Even after offering as much as twenty three thousand dollars to conduct the test Jack still refused.
Jack Horner Paleontologist
Soft tissue found in his T-Rex
The paleontologists assume the dinosaur fossils are much too old to Carbon date so they refuse despite mountains of data contrary to this position.
The point here is: Wouldn't a non-biased and curious scientist want to unveil all the stories his data might reveal? The answer is no– there is no dissent allowed in naturalism!
Fortunately for the scientific world we have Mary Schweitzer who has broken these rules. While she subscribes to evolution and the millions of years time frame associated with it, she does the research. Her discoveries have been shocking to the field of paleontology and evolution.
Schweitzer, one of the first scientists to use the tools of modern cell biology to study dinosaurs, has upended the conventional wisdom by showing that some rock-hard fossils tens of millions of years old may have remnants of soft tissues hidden away in their interiors."
"The reason it hasn't been discovered before is no right-thinking paleontologist would do what Mary did with her specimens. We don't go to all this effort to dig this stuff out of the ground to then destroy it in acid," says dinosaur paleontologist Thomas Holtz Jr., of the University of Maryland. "It's great science."
https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/dinosaur-shocker-115306469/#OSqfBz1Z67rhv940.99
1 https://www.newscientist.com/article/2128834-homo-naledi-is-only-250000-years-old-heres-why-that-matters/#ixzz63QlWeIq9
2 "Blood from stone" Scientific America, Mary Schweitzer, Dec 2010
Dating Methods • Geological • Global Flood
LIMESTONE STALACTITES CEILING TO FLOOR IN LESS THAN 225 YEARS
Scientists have discovered that the formation growth rates of stalactites and stalagmites are driven by several variables. However, experiments have discovered that one primary factor involves the acidic level of the water...


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SUNY Orange has touched the lives of countless numbers of the county's 350,000 residents through its credit programs, non-credit programming and cultural events. As the needs of the community grow, the college will continue to play a significant role in the county's endeavor to face the challenges and to profit from the opportunities that await it.
SUNY Orange was founded in 1950 as the first county-sponsored community college in the State University of New York system.
Morrison Hall was donated to Orange County by Mrs. Christine Morrison as part of the College's formation. Morrison Hall was originally built for the family of Webb Horton, a retired industrialist. More information about Webb Horton can be found in: Webb Horton: Tannery King by Kathleen Malia of the SUNY Orange English Department.
The college has earned its reputation as a pioneer and innovator in meeting the needs of its students and the area it primarily serves. SUNY Orange was the first two-year college in the nation to offer the associate degree nursing program and studies in electron microscopy; and in 1982, the college was the first community college to plan and co-sponsor with local chambers of commerce a business institute.
Accredited by Middle States Association of Colleges and Schools, academic credits can be earned through full- or part-time study in the day, evening, or both. The college offers three degrees—the Associate in Arts, Associate in Science, and Associate in Applied Science. The college also offers extensive technical programs in career fields (with transfer options) and one-year certificates.
Public and private four-year colleges actively seek our graduates for transfer into baccalaureate programs as third-year students. In cooperation with other educational agencies, the college also presents programs for academically gifted high school seniors, for business and professional people, and by special arrangement with nearby universities for graduate students.
More than 420,000 people have enrolled in a wide range of credit and non-credit classes at the Middletown campus, the Newburgh Campus and satellite locations across Orange County.
Consistent with its mission to meet the higher education needs of students, the college is noted for its commitment to ensuring student success. With the support of our caring faculty and staff, each of our students has the ability to achieve their academic and career goals. Advising, counseling, and career guidance and exploration are available to all students as well as several co-curricular and leadership opportunities that serve to complement the academic experience.
In addition to offering formal instruction to students in both the day and evening, the college engages in a variety of other activities. It sponsors a series of cultural events, lectures and artistic performances for students, staff and faculty, and to which the public is invited.
SUNY ORANGE NEWS
STARTUP NY
CAMPUS PLANTINGS
INTERNATIONAL TREE TOUR
About SUNY Orange Home
College Vision, Mission, Values and Goals
Media Requests & Publicity Guidelines
Consumer Information (Student Right To Know Act)
About StartUp NY
SUNY ORANGE


text:
Report: Sprint Changes Its Mind Again, Will Kill Off Two-Year Contracts After All
Sprint can't seem to decide what it wants to do with two-year contracts: after announcing in January that it would join the other major carriers in ditching the two-year deals, Sprint backtracked a month later and said it would still offer them to existing customers. That resolve may not have stuck, as a new report claims the wireless company is again preparing to eliminate two-year contracts. [More]
Fine Print In Ad Offering Free Shipping Explains It's Not Actually Free
By Mary Beth Quirk 12.5.11
Funny how an ad with a big "Free Shipping" graphic can then turn around and warn in the fine print that shipping isn't included in purchases. Confusing, and exactly what Corey spotted in a promotion for Vistaprint.com. [More]
Should A Kid's Meal Have 973 Calories?
By Chris Morran 11.10.10
McDonald's may be the fast food chain most are associating with the recently approved kid's meal regulations in San Francisco, but when it comes to calories in meals targeted to youngsters, the Golden Arches is nowhere near the worst. [More]
Pretending To Sell Kids On Craigslist Not Considered Funny By Police
By Meg Marco 4.25.10
The New York State Police do not think it is funny when you place a listing for your two sons on Craigslist. [More]
T-Mobile Down Throughout Southern States, But Back Up Now!
By cwalters 12.17.09
What the heck, did you guys strike early, and target the wrong wireless carrier? The day before the possibly-ill-conceived "Operation Chokehold" is supposed to bring AT&T's wireless network to a standstill, T-Mobile steals all the bad press by going out this evening across large parts of the Southeastern US and Puerto Rico.
Update: Immediately after posting this, T-Mobile announced the service was back up.


I will always be thankful for a father who spent time with me in the outdoors. Although my dad taught me much about woodsmanship, he also taught me to appreciate God's great gifts that are so touchable in nature. I don't know of a greater place or way for a father and son to bond than in the outdoors. I might add that the same is true for mentoring relationships between strong Christian men and boys whose dads are dead or deadbeat or otherwise not involved in their little guys' lives.
These are, indeed, masculine characteristics of real Godly men: faith in God, love for His work, and hope in His coming. My dad continues in these things. I want to continue in them as well so that my son and sons-in-the-faith will know the greatest Man of all, the Man of men, the One most deserving of our son-ship and daughter-ship: Jesus Christ our Lord.


3. The catalyst-- a substance that increases its efficiency . The pressure The pressure varies from one manufacturing plant to another, but is always high. Recycling At each pass of the gases through the reactor, only about 15% of the nitrogen and hydrogen converts to ammonia. (This figure also varies from plant to plant.) By continual recycling of the unreacted nitrogen and hydrogen, the overall conversion is about 98%. Explaining the conditions The proportions of nitrogen and hydrogen The mixture of nitrogen and hydrogen going into the reactor is in the ratio of 1 volume of nitrogen to 3 volumes of hydrogen. Avogadro's Law says that equal volumes of gases at the same temperature and pressure contain equal numbers of molecules. That means that the gases are going into the reactor in the ratio of 1 molecule of nitrogen to 3 of hydrogen. That is the proportion demanded by the equation.
4. The temperature Equilibrium considerations In order to produce the maximum possible amount of ammonia , the position of the equilibrium is to be shifted as far as possible to the right The forward reaction (the production of ammonia) is exothermic. this will be favoured only if the temperature.is lowered According to Le Chatelier's Principle, the system will respond by moving the position of equilibrium to cancel this - in other words by producing more heat. In order to get as much ammonia as possible temperatureis to be lowered as possible. Rate considerations The lower the temperature, the slower the reaction becomes. A manufacturer is trying to produce as much ammonia as possible per day. It makes no sense to try to achieve an equilibrium mixture which contains a very high proportion of ammonia if it takes several years for the reaction to reach that equilibrium. You need the gases to reach equilibrium within the very short time that they will be in contact with the catalyst in the reactor. The compromise 400 - 450°C is a compromise temperature producing a reasonably high proportion of ammonia in the equilibrium mixture (even if it is only 15%), but in a very short time.
7. Eventually, the rates of the two reactions will become equal. A and B will be converting into C and D at exactly the same rate as C and D convert back into A and B again. At this point there won't be any further change in the amounts of A, B, C and D in the mixture. As fast as something is being removed, it is being replaced again by the reverse reaction. We have reached a position of dynamic equilibrium. A summary A dynamic equilibrium occurs when you have a reversible reaction in a closed system. Nothing can be added to the system or taken away from it apart from energy. At equilibrium, the quantities of everything present in the mixture remain constant, although the reactions are still continuing. This is because the rates of the forward and the back reactions are equal.
8. LE CHATELIER'S PRINCIPLE A statement of Le Chatelier's Principle  If a dynamic equilibrium is disturbed by changing the conditions, the position of equilibrium moves to cancel the change. Using Le Chatelier's Principle with a change of concentration Suppose an equilibrium established between four substances A, B, C and D. What would happen if you changed the conditions by increasing the concentration of A? According to Le Chatelier, the position of equilibrium will move in such a way as to cancel the change. That means that the position of equilibrium will move so that the concentration of A decreases again - by reacting it with B and turning it into C + D. The position of equilibrium moves to the right.
9. What would happen if you changed the conditions by decreasing the concentration of A? According to Le Chatelier, the position of equilibrium will move so that the concentration of A increases again. That means that more C and D will react to replace the A that has been removed. The position of equilibrium moves to the left. . Using Le Chatelier's Principle with a change of pressure This only applies to reactions involving gases: What would happen if you changed the conditions by increasing the pressure? According to Le Chatelier, the position of equilibrium will move in such a way as to Cancel the change. That means that the position of equilibrium will move so that the pressure is reduced again. Pressure is caused by gas molecules hitting the sides of their container. The more molecules you have in the container, the higher the pressure will be. The system can reduce the pressure by reacting in such a way as to produce fewer molecules.
10. In this case, there are 3 molecules on the left-hand side of the equation, but only 2 on the right. By forming more C and D, the system causes the pressure to reduce. Increasing the pressure on a gas reaction shifts the position of equilibrium towards the side with fewer molecules. What would happen if you changed the conditions by decreasing the pressure? The equilibrium will move in such a way that the pressure increases again. It can do that by producing more molecules. In this case, the position of equilibrium will move towards the left-hand side of the reaction. What happens if there are the same number of molecules on both sides of the equilibrium reaction? In this case, increasing the pressure has no effect whatsoever on the position of the equilibrium. Because you have the same numbers of molecules on both sides, the equilibrium can't move in any way that will reduce the pressure again.
12. and B, and less C and D. What would happen if you changed the conditions by decreasing the temperature? The equilibrium will move in such a way that the temperature increases again. Suppose the system is in equilibrium at 500°C and you reduce the temperature to 400°C. The reaction will tend to heat itself up again to return to the original temperature. It can do that by favouring the exothermic reaction. The position of equilibrium will move to the right. More A and B are converted into C and D at the lower temperature. Summary  Increasing the temperature of a system in dynamic equilibrium favours the endothermic reaction. The system counteracts the change you have made by absorbing the extra heat.  Decreasing the temperature of a system in dynamic equilibrium favours the exothermic reaction. The system counteracts the change you have made by producing more heat. .
13. Le Chatelier's Principle and catalysts adding a catalyst makes absolutely no difference to the position of equilibrium, and Le Chatelier's Principle doesn't apply to them. This is because a catalyst speeds up the forward and back reaction to the same extent. Because adding a catalyst doesn't affect the relative rates of the two reactions, it can't affect the position of equilibrium.


Discussion in 'Landscapes, Architecture, and Cityscapes' started by siinjen, Aug 3, 2009.
I like it. Do you have any with a longer shutter speed though? That framing would look nice with several seconds of shutter speed!
Nice shot! I had something very similar in mind for my next trip to Great Falls... which will likely be this weekend! I really like the softness.
Very pretty shot. I like the detail you have in the water.
This is a nice shot, have you tried it in B&W? It seems lime a natural for it.
Great shot. I really enjoy walking around Great Falls park.
Great shot! Finally a waterfall in which I see water. I like this much better as shots with 'several seconds' shutter speed.
Very nice! I love the water detail!
Great shot Sal! This place is just a wonderful source for the photographic imagination. It looks as if the shot has a bit of an Orton (light), or glow. Neat approach to the Falls. Definitely not all water flows have to be the long-exposure type!
Nice to see ya Nacho...We all missed u out here. When is your next visit?
Nice shot a bit of photoshop and it can be fabulous.


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For those not in the know, AEW is a new (circa 2018/19) wrestling company founded by a number of young veterans of the business, including Cody Rhodes, Kenny Omega, and The Young Bucks.
When it first launched, I was into WWE exclusively, so while I was aware of some cool stuff happening in the industry, it largely passed me by. Over time, in part due to my friend constantly telling me how good it is, and in part due to WWE royally shitting the bed, I started watching AEW regularly. At the time, they had a main show (Dynamite), and a secondary show (Dark) that gave some of the younger and less-known talent the chance to shine. Since then, they've added Elevation (taking Dark's place, as Dark's own stars became more established), and they're soon to add a Friday night shown named Rampage.
All of this has been happening almost exclusively during the audience-free period during the international COVID lockdowns, which to me is an incredible achievement considering a big part of wrestling shows is interactions with the fans. During that time they've continued to hire more talent, including famous names like Sting, The Big Show, and Christian Cage. Their existing roster includes Jon Moxley, Dark Order, Brian Cage, and many more. The only people they've gotten rid of are either retired, unable to work in America, or people named during the #SpeakingOut sexual abuse movement (which affected the whole industry, lest you think it's centralised on AEW).
In addition to the weekly shows, they've also got a number of vlog shows involving members of the roster and backstage staff doing comedy skits and giving an insight into their real lives. Unlike WWE, AEW does not restrict its wrestlers from pursuing paid outside interests such as Twitch streaming and even wrestling on independent shows. All of this gets me more invested in the people, and genuinely care about their success.
Frankly, aside from KATG, AEW is one of my main sources of weekly entertainment, and I look forward to seeing where the stories go each week. If rumours are to be believed, there are going to be some huge announcements in the next couple of weeks. In many people's minds, AEW has gone from being a "dirt show" or "T-shirt company" to a genuine threat to WWE, which is something that's been needed since the demise of WCW.
Let me know if you're a fan of AEW too! It'd be cool to shoot the shit about wrestling on here. Keith, if you haven't seen John Moxley recently, he looks a bit like you nowadays, especially with all that work you're putting in at the gym!
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Lance led the way for the first 3 k before being overtaken by Kent and visitor Josh Nyika, with Josh just hanging on for the win.
This is how it worked. Each runner was put in a team according to which high school they went to and their age. To make a team, had to be at least 3 from the same school.


September 14, 2018 – , a Vecima Company (TSX: VCM), the global leader in media delivery and storage solutions for content owners, broadcasters and service providers, announces the launch of MediaScaleX™, a next-generation hyperscale platform suite built from the ground up to rapidly deploy and scale video across any number of CDNs, regardless of their environment (i.e. cloud, virtualized, hosted and private network architectures). Concurrent will debut MediaScaleX on stand 1.D92 at the IBC2018 Show in Amsterdam from September 14-18, 2018.
With its roots developed over decades of innovation and research, and built upon Concurrent's globally deployed systems—Aquari™ Storage, Laguna™ Cache, Zephyr™ Origin Packager, and Zephyr™ Transcode—the MediaScaleX platform is redefining the way content creators, broadcasters and service providers store, protect, transform and deliver their content. This next-generation product line will enable customers to meet today's delivery challenges and migrate their content offerings to the user experiences of tomorrow.
"Over 20 years ago, Concurrent redefined the way content was distributed and viewed all over the world, creating new revenue sources for content owners and service providers, as well as more access than ever to content for consumers. Today, more than 25 of our customers, across five continents, have a platform in place to embrace the rapidly changing environment from content creation to consumption," said Clay McCreery, Chief Revenue Officer at Concurrent.
MediaScaleX // Storage™ - the next generation of Concurrent's Aquari storage platform. MediaScaleX // Storage is a scalable software-defined application designed to ensure that content management is as easy as possible. Multiple forms of metadata capture enable easy search-and-find functionality, and predictive usage analytics means the storage will always have available capacity ahead of demand, instead of needing to reorganize content on the fly. It can be easily deployed on any number of hardware platforms and can use any combination of spinning disks, SSDs and the latest non-volatile memory express (NVMe) drives.
MediaScaleX // Origin™ - continuing a long history of award-winning content packaging innovation. Concurrent's origin solution looks beyond just the HLS delivery environment, allowing users to also package their OTT programming using DASH and CMAF. Origin provides support for any delivery ecosystem and integrates with all the mainstream DRM providers, so it can be easily deployed into any existing delivery platform.
MediaScaleX // Cache™ - offering the world's highest-density, intelligent caching solution. With support for a wide variety of content formats and streaming protocols, Cache supports better simultaneous delivery to mobile devices and smart TVs and set-top boxes. Like MediaScaleX // Origin, it supports various deployment scenarios, including Concurrent's award-winning, pre-integrated hardware appliances, virtualized environments or as software-only on customers' chosen hardware.
The unveiling of the product launch will be demonstrated to visitors on Concurrent's stand – 1.D92 – at the IBC2018 Show. The exhibition will run from September 14-18 at the RAI in Amsterdam.
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Q: Backbone request sending to REST API using Ajax I have implemented a REST API using php. I'm using backbone.js to manage a html view. I need to use AJAX to send requests to REST API and manage the view using backbone. but I can't work out where AJAX fits in with this architecture. I'm confused because when I click the submit button the model is updated meaning the the code below does make a request to API and updates the model and view. Why do I need AJAX request, and where does it fit in, I can't get my head around it even though I have looked at different articles and examples. If I use AJAX what is the point of this line var urlstr = "API" + this.get("brand");
    var Car = Backbone.Model.extend({
    url: function () {
        var urlstr = "API" + this.get("brand");
        return urlstr;
    },
    defaults: {
        brand: null,
        imageurl: null,
        year: null
    }
});

var bmw = new Car();

var TestView = Backbone.View.extend( {
        el: ".container",
        model: bmw,
        initialize: function () {
            this.listenTo(this.model,"sync change", this.gotdata);
        },
        events: {
            "click #submitbtn" : "getdata"
        },

        getdata: function (event) {
            var brand = $('#brand').val();
            this.model.set({name:brand});
            this.model.fetch();
        },
        gotdata: function () {
            var brand = this.model.get("name");
            var image = this.model.get("imageurl");
            var year = this.model.get("year");
            $('#name').html(name);
            $('#image').html(image);
            $('#year').html(year);
        }
    }
);

var testview = new TestView();


Put on your most beautiful face with healthy, glowing skin. If you're not well educated on organic skin care, your skin may negatively suffer. This article can help give you the best information about caring for your skin and being beautiful.
To keep your skin looking its finest, exfoliate with a bristle brush when you are in the bath or shower. This clears away skin cells past their prime to reveal smoother skin, increases circulation, and helps decrease inflammation caused by pimples. An added benefit is that you will open up your skin, to allow it to release toxins that are released primarily through your skin.
A good tip is to apply a solution of lemon juice to an area where you are treating multiple conditions such as oiliness, large pores and acne. Excess oil will disappear and pores will close up when lemon juice is applied on a weekly or twice-weekly basis.
Spending time outdoors in the sun can actually improve your skin and get rid of your acne. You could go walking, running, or simply go sit outside. Sunlight spurs the body to produce vitamin D. This vitamin is essential in promoting healthy skin.
Apple cider vinegar is great for acne. This treatment helps relieve dryness and restores moisture. Make daytime your time for application, as the smell is strong and you will not enjoy getting residue on your bed sheets and pillow.
Try the exfoliating benefits of alpha-hydroxy products to enhance your skin. Naturally occurring alpha-hydroxy is found in wines, milk and some fruits. This type of acid helps the skin by breaking down proteins and preventing a buildup of dead skin cells. By breaking these bonds the dead skin cells can be scrubbed away and healthy, glowing skin will be revealed.
Don't keep makeup on when going to bed. Your skin and body require your sleep time to repair and rejuvenate from the trials of the day. When you sleep with makeup on, your skin suffocates. As a result, it cannot breathe or repair itself like it needs to stay healthy. Just take a few minutes each night before going to bed and remove all traces of your makeup.
Watercress can help you get rid of any puffy skin or inflammation, it will also reduce pore size. You can eat watercress as part of your meal or as a snack, you can get plenty of positive effects for your skin. The presence of antioxidants as well as iron in watercress can be of additional benefit to your health.
Don't let poor organic skin care take over your skin, use the information you have obtained from this article and do whatever is necessary to make sure that you have properly cared for you skin at the end of every day. Happy skin leads to a happy mind and a happy body.


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News-Sun boys basketball rankings and player of the week
By Steve Reaven
Lake County News-Sun |
Thank you for supporting our journalism. This article is available exclusively for our subscribers, who help fund our work at the Chicago Tribune.
Wauconda's Griffin Daun looks to pass the ball around Round Lake's Isaiah Nixon during a game in Wauconda on Thursday, Feb. 18, 2021. (Brian O'Mahoney / News-Sun)
With records through Thursday and previous rankings in parentheses.
1. Wauconda 10-2 (3)
2. Lake Forest 9-4 (1)
3. Libertyville 11-5 (2)
4. Deerfield 10-3 (7)
[Most read] Daily horoscope for January 20, 2022 »
5. Stevenson 8-4 (4)
6. Vernon Hills 11-4 (8)
Lake County News Sun Newsletter
News updates from Lake County delivered every Monday and Wednesday
7. Warren 7-4 (5)
8. Carmel 11-6 (6)
9. Grayslake Central 8-7 (10)
[Most read] More than 50 attorneys sign letter to Lightfoot urging her to abandon new ordinance targeting gang members »
10. Lake Zurich 6-9 (NR)
Player of the week: Senior forward Griffin Daun averaged 20.3 points, 4.5 rebounds, 4.3 steals and 3.0 assists in Wauconda's march to the championship of the E.C. Nichols Tournament at Marengo.
Steve Reaven is a freelance reporter for the News-Sun.
Alex Forowycz's importance to Lake Forest wasn't foreshadowed in middle school, when he was on the B team. The senior guard gets an A for effort these days.
High school basketball scores for the Aurora, Elgin, Naperville and Lake County areas


Cooking is really exciting for some people, thus they spend certain amount of money to buy the utensils and complete their amazing cooking experience in the kitchen. What about you? In this case, you should know several essential utensils to be used in the kitchen. So, you can cook in most perfect way and bring the most delicious meals for all family members.


I'm sharing gorgeous images from the portfolio of Philip Gorrivan Designs for your gazing pleasure today. So, so much to see, but I haven't even scratched the surface of the loveliness to be seen on the Philip Gorrivan Design site.
So, what do you think? I think there's so much to admire, I really can't choose a favorite. Also, the interiors are so different that they can't be easily compared. If you think these show range, go check out the website. I'm always impressed when designers can successfully create such diverse styles.


Throughout the academic year, the YWCA of Alliance partnered with Mount Union College's Psychology Department and Alliance City Schools in a research grant to examine the types and causes of relational aggression emerging in schools at various developmental levels. The results of the research was used to help develop a training session for student care professionals that will not only relate the findings, but uncover strategies to better deal with these issues in schools. Funded by the Great Cities Great Service consortium, the project incorporates the YouthLEAD model with both middle school and college students being agents of social change.
The partnership culminated in a visit to the campus, where college and middle school students had fun building team skills and discussing post secondary education. The college students presented the girls with a book sharing their thoughts and experiences in middle school. The book incorporated the girls drawings that were made during joint activities throughout the semester.
Board member Helen Bosick was selected as the 2010 Fullmer Volunteer Leadership Award winner. In her nominating letter, Helen was commended for years of leadership as a Board officer and for chairing various committees including personnel and the apple dumpling booth. In addition, it was noted that she always steps up to lend a helping hand, and goes out of her way to make others feel welcomed and included. Helen is pictured with her husband, Mick and past Board President, Cindy King . CONGRATULATIONS HELEN!
A group of young emerging artists learned the techniques of binding a book under the direction of local artists Nola Haiss and Haidi Haiss. This program was funded by Arts in Stark. In addition to binding a book, the participants learned about the history of paper and were treated to a homemade pizza lunch.


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Timber frame and SIPs
Timber as a material
Joinery/fitted furniture
Laminated and engineered timber
Strength and stiffness
Span tables
From a green standpoint the main thing to remember is that timber should be woodmarked and sourced as locally as possible, preferably in the UK.
Structural timber has the advantage over most other structural materials of being renewable and also a relatively good thermal insulation material.
Structural timber is usually of the following types
normal softwood sections such as floor and ceiling joists as specified in the building regulationsThese are the mass of regulations that cover safety, health, welfare, convenience, energy efficiency etc. in the way buildings are constructed. Not to be confused with Planning consent (which is more to do with whether you can put up the building in the first place). See more on the regulations .
larger sections of softwood or hardwood forming beams, trusses etc. and usually calculated by a structural engineer.
laminated structural timber
engineered timber such as I beamsprefabricated timber beams with a web of OSBOriented Strand Board and softwood flanges. They are very light, efficient and regular
and occasionally – roundwood
The normal softwood sections are usually graded as C16 or C24 (respectively replacing SC3 and SC4) and this will be stated in the approved building regulation drawings. It is often available from UK plantations
Larger sections of softwood are also available from the UK and it is often possible to get them from local sawmills.
The larger hardwood sections may be more of a problem to source sustainably and in the case of tropical hardwoods, only the woodmark can be relied upon. (However it is seldom that tropical hardwoods are used structurally in housing). There is a considerable amount of timber produced sustainably in the UK which is not woodmarked mainly because it is produced in such small quantities that the certification procedure would not be warranted. E.g. there is a constant supply of hedgerow ash (although this is now threatened by Chalara) and to a lesser extent oak and other species which is not woodmarked but which gets replaced. There are also organisations such as Woodlots which may be of help in sourcing local timber.
(sometimes known as Glulam) is generally well sourced environmentally. However, due to the poor understanding of timber building culture in the UK it has been marketed mainly towards large structures such as offices, swimming pools, theaters etc rather than the housebuilding market, so it can be difficult to find merchants who are supplying off-the-peg structural members. The Glued Laminated Timber Association has a list of member companies. Also try Panel Agency Limited and Lamisell
Engineered timber such as Masonite beams represents a huge step forward in timber technology. Compared with traditional beams and joists Masonite sections are, for the same structural strength, much lighter, much more dimensionally regular and use considerably less timber. The dimensional stability with traditional beams and joists can be a major problem if they are not supplied at a moisture content of 12%, as shrinkage can cause considerable movement. It is not unusual to hear of 20mm movement over a two storey[for the purposes of part B (fire) of the Approved Documents to the Building Regulations] this includes - (a) any gallery[for the purposes of part B of the Approved Documents] - A raised area or platform around the sides or at the back of a room which provides extra space. if its area is more than half that of the space into which it projects; and (b) a roof, unless it is accessible only for maintenance and repair. timber structure in the first year . They also help with the insulation because the webs, being much thinner, cause minimal thermal bridgingthis is a pathway where heat can easily escape (or get in) through some part of the structure. It is usually caused by some element of structure such as a steel lintel or wooden studwork. Also known as a cold bridge. see more on thermal bridging. They do however run at about twice the price of solid timber sections with merchants such as Arnold Laver quoting around £4.80/m for 220 x 38 I beams. (supplied in 12m lengths).
Span tables for timber I beams are published by James Jones
Roundwood means using timber just as it comes off the tree. The point about roundwood is that it is extremely strong for its size and needs no lengthwise sawing. This is because the strength of timber is in its grain. Trees are naturally as strong as they can be to resist wind and gravity.
If you saw lengthways through a tree trunk (which is of course, not perfectly straight), you tend to cut slightly across the grain and reduce the strength. So the joy of roundwood is that you simply find a piece of timber and use it as it is without squaring it or sawing it lengthwise. This preserves its huge natural strength.
The drawbacks are that the timber may have a slightly odd shape and that many structural engineers in the UK don't know how to calculate its strength. This may be a problem when the Building Inspector wants proof of its structural strength. It may also, for instance, be a problem in creating a flat level floor on roundwood joists or a flat level ceiling on roundwood joists. When you look at traditional timber beams in old barns you often see a compromise between sawn timber and roundwood where large timber sections have been roughly sawn to give them a certain amount of squareness at the same time retaining most of the structural integrity of roundwood.
This image shows the roundwood reciprocal trusses being incorporated in some of the buildings at Lammas. This is an extremely strong way of forming a roof but at the same time it is a structural engineer's nightmare because all the timber beams are slightly different and vary differently along their length. Why does this matter. Well the Building Regulations state not only how strong a roof (or floor or ceiling) needs to be but how much deflection (sagging) might occur. While a roof might easily pass the strength test, the deflection test is more difficult because it is based on a cube law. Engineers need to work with standardised dimensions, thicknesses, widths, timber properties etc. to prove things work.
There is of course the argument that this sort of stuff is all over-standardised and why not have things a bit out of square and maybe the odd collapse. Well – who knows?
Although the structural strength of timber sections is important, it is usually the stiffness which is the deciding factor when it comes to the Building Regulations. This is more to do with not getting cracks in your ceiling than the building actually collapsing. There tend to be three sources of information about the structural values of timber
span tables for traditional joists, beams, purlins etc. These are referred to in Part AThe Approved documentsApproved documents (England) are detailed publications which come under the English Building Regulations. They are based on tried and tested methods of building and if you follow them you are assured of complying with the Regs. The equivalents for Scotland are the Technical Handbook, for Wales: the Approved documents (Wales), and for N.I. the Technical Booklets, (England) part A, deals with building structures of the Approved Documents in the Building Regulations (and see also the archived 1992 version which gives span tables for timber in floors, ceilings and roofs. These are not in the current version but are virtually unchanged)
manufacture's tables such as James Jones figures for their engineered timber 'I' joists
calculations by a structural engineer
On 1st April 2010 the new CEN Eurocode standards for structural timber came into force in place of the old BSBritish Standard standard. These are –
BS EN 1995-1-1 Eurocode 5: Design of timber structures. Part 1-1 General – Common rules and rules for buildings
BS EN 1995-1-2 Eurocode 5: Design of timber structures Part 1.2 General – Structural fire design
TRADATimber Research and Development Association A trade association with a strong reputation for research and publication on all things timber have published span tables in a new softback book called Eurocode 5 Span Tables: For Solid Timber Members in Floors, Ceilings and Roofs for Dwellings and various companies do online calculation software. However for practical purposes the self builder will still find the span tables in the old (archived) Approved Documents from 1992 to be useful in getting an idea of sizes for floor, ceiling and roof joists, binders, rafters and purlins. There is not a great deal of little difference between the old span tables and the new ones. The slight discrepancy is mainly in spans shorter that 2.4m.
The Building Regulations part A covers the structure of a building. This Approved Document goes into a lot of detail for traditional masonry buildings but almost none for timber frame, steel frame, earth building SIPsStructural Insulated Panels - prefabricated (usually in a factory) timber panels often forming part of an integrated building system and aimed at fast site erection. see more on SIPs etc. For these you will need to consult a structural engineer (while SIPs structures are usually handled by the manufacturer)
With most forms of construction there will be implications concerning fire safety. These are covered in the Building Regulations and you can see examples of how to conform with these in Part BThe Approved documents, (England) part B, deals with fire (Fire Safety)
3 comments to Structural Timber
I am looking for a structural engineer who is willing to calculate the stresses and loads using round wood for a yurt style structure to pass building regulations.
kevin lea
Hi, I would like to know the regulations and common rules to install floor joists to a first , second floor new build flats , using steel construction frame . is this possible or does it pose problems ? the job already specifies precast floors .
hi can you tell me please what size of timber purllin do i need over a 4.000 mtr opening in wall to carry joist above at 400 centres thanks david


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Enbridge's latest in a long series of requests for government approval of a change in design that elevates a large portion of Line 5 pipelines in the Straits of Mackinac must trigger a full environmental review under the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA), a Great Lakes law and policy center said today in formal comments to the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers.
Responding to Enbridge's bid for federal approval of 48 additional screw anchors for the pipelines, FLOW said if the permit is granted, the private Canadian corporation will have cumulatively constructed 198 anchor support structures that lift approximately three miles of the dual pipelines off the lakebed and fundamentally alter the original design of the 65-year-old pipelines built in 1953.
"The Army Corps should prepare a draft environmental impact statement and hold public hearings pursuant to NEPA before making any decision on the Enbridge application," Olson said. "For the last 15 years, Enbridge has evaded a comprehensive federal and state review of a new design never evaluated before by a federal or state agency.
The Army Corps recently announced it would conduct a smaller-scale environmental assessment, but a full environmental impact statement is warranted under NEPA because the issuance of the permit would amount to a major federal action, FLOW said.
In its formal comments, FLOW said, "When the Corps evaluates the possible effects from structurally changing the pipeline with an additional 48 screw anchors, they must review the possible effects on the nation, the State of Michigan, the sovereign tribes, and the local communities that would undoubtedly be economically devastated if the pipeline were to rupture. In addition to evaluating the context, the Corps must also evaluate the intensity of possible effects." FLOW's comments also demonstrated the need for a reasonable alternative analysis that addresses other available pipeline design capacity and adjustments that do not require crude oil pipelines in the Straits or Great Lakes. "The Great Lakes are subject to the paramount public trust and rights of water navigation that must be avoided where there are feasible alternatives, like the doubled capacity in Line 6B across already in place across southern Michigan to Sarnia and Detroit," Kirkwood said.
With Line 5's new design elevated off the lakebed, the pipeline is now more susceptible to anchor strikes than it has ever been. This susceptibility was demonstrated on April 1, 2018, when a tug boat anchor dented the dual oil pipelines in three locations and spilled over 600 gallons of dielectric fluid from electrical transmission cables into the waters of Lake Michigan. Because the federal government exercises authority over navigation in Great Lakes waters, it must consider the potential for these impacts.
Enbridge's continued operation of Line 5 threatens to destroy the off-reservation fishing rights of five Indian tribes who signed the March 28, 1836 Treaty of Washington. They include Bay Mills Indian Community, Sault Ste. Marie Tribe of Chippewa Indians, Grand Traverse Band of Ottawa and Chippewa Indians, Little River Band of Ottawa Indians, and Little Traverse Bay Bands of Odawa Indians, and are collectively represented by the Chippewa Ottawa Resource Authority.
If the pipelines rupture, Michigan's economy could suffer an estimated $6 billion blow from damage to tourism, aquatic and terrestrial wildlife and natural resources, coastal property values, commercial fishing, and municipal water systems, according to a new study by a Michigan State University economist commissioned by FLOW.
FLOW (For Love of Water) is a Great Lakes law and policy center and 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization based in Traverse City, Michigan. Our mission is to protect the common waters of the Great Lakes Basin through public trust solutions.