text:
package prometheus

import (
	"fmt"
	"net/http"
	"testing"
	"time"

	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
)

const validUniqueGauge = `# HELP cadvisor_version_info A metric with a constant '1' value labeled by kernel version, OS version, docker version, cadvisor version & cadvisor revision.
# TYPE cadvisor_version_info gauge
cadvisor_version_info{cadvisorRevision="",cadvisorVersion="",dockerVersion="1.8.2",kernelVersion="3.10.0-229.20.1.el7.x86_64",osVersion="CentOS Linux 7 (Core)"} 1
`

const validUniqueCounter = `# HELP get_token_fail_count Counter of failed Token() requests to the alternate token source
# TYPE get_token_fail_count counter
get_token_fail_count 0
`

const validUniqueSummary = `# HELP http_request_duration_microseconds The HTTP request latencies in microseconds.
# TYPE http_request_duration_microseconds summary
http_request_duration_microseconds{handler="prometheus",quantile="0.5"} 552048.506
http_request_duration_microseconds{handler="prometheus",quantile="0.9"} 5.876804288e+06
http_request_duration_microseconds{handler="prometheus",quantile="0.99"} 5.876804288e+06
http_request_duration_microseconds_sum{handler="prometheus"} 1.8909097205e+07
http_request_duration_microseconds_count{handler="prometheus"} 9
`

const validUniqueHistogram = `# HELP apiserver_request_latencies Response latency distribution in microseconds for each verb, resource and client.
# TYPE apiserver_request_latencies histogram
apiserver_request_latencies_bucket{resource="bindings",verb="POST",le="125000"} 1994
apiserver_request_latencies_bucket{resource="bindings",verb="POST",le="250000"} 1997
apiserver_request_latencies_bucket{resource="bindings",verb="POST",le="500000"} 2000
apiserver_request_latencies_bucket{resource="bindings",verb="POST",le="1e+06"} 2005
apiserver_request_latencies_bucket{resource="bindings",verb="POST",le="2e+06"} 2012
apiserver_request_latencies_bucket{resource="bindings",verb="POST",le="4e+06"} 2017
apiserver_request_latencies_bucket{resource="bindings",verb="POST",le="8e+06"} 2024
apiserver_request_latencies_bucket{resource="bindings",verb="POST",le="+Inf"} 2025
apiserver_request_latencies_sum{resource="bindings",verb="POST"} 1.02726334e+08
apiserver_request_latencies_count{resource="bindings",verb="POST"} 2025
`

func TestParseValidPrometheus(t *testing.T) {
	// Gauge value
	metrics, err := Parse([]byte(validUniqueGauge), http.Header{}, false)
	require.NoError(t, err)
	require.Len(t, metrics, 1)
	require.Equal(t, "cadvisor_version_info", metrics[0].Name())
	require.Equal(t, map[string]interface{}{
		"gauge": float64(1),
	}, metrics[0].Fields())
	require.Equal(t, map[string]string{
		"osVersion":        "CentOS Linux 7 (Core)",
		"cadvisorRevision": "",
		"cadvisorVersion":  "",
		"dockerVersion":    "1.8.2",
		"kernelVersion":    "3.10.0-229.20.1.el7.x86_64",
	}, metrics[0].Tags())

	// Counter value
	metrics, err = Parse([]byte(validUniqueCounter), http.Header{}, false)
	require.NoError(t, err)
	require.Len(t, metrics, 1)
	require.Equal(t, "get_token_fail_count", metrics[0].Name())
	require.Equal(t, map[string]interface{}{
		"counter": float64(0),
	}, metrics[0].Fields())
	require.Equal(t, map[string]string{}, metrics[0].Tags())

	// Summary data
	//SetDefaultTags(map[string]string{})
	metrics, err = Parse([]byte(validUniqueSummary), http.Header{}, false)
	require.NoError(t, err)
	require.Len(t, metrics, 1)
	require.Equal(t, "http_request_duration_microseconds", metrics[0].Name())
	require.Equal(t, map[string]interface{}{
		"0.5":   552048.506,
		"0.9":   5.876804288e+06,
		"0.99":  5.876804288e+06,
		"count": 9.0,
		"sum":   1.8909097205e+07,
	}, metrics[0].Fields())
	require.Equal(t, map[string]string{"handler": "prometheus"}, metrics[0].Tags())

	// histogram data
	metrics, err = Parse([]byte(validUniqueHistogram), http.Header{}, false)
	require.NoError(t, err)
	require.Len(t, metrics, 1)
	require.Equal(t, "apiserver_request_latencies", metrics[0].Name())
	require.Equal(t, map[string]interface{}{
		"500000": 2000.0,
		"count":  2025.0,
		"sum":    1.02726334e+08,
		"250000": 1997.0,
		"2e+06":  2012.0,
		"4e+06":  2017.0,
		"8e+06":  2024.0,
		"+Inf":   2025.0,
		"125000": 1994.0,
		"1e+06":  2005.0,
	}, metrics[0].Fields())
	require.Equal(t,
		map[string]string{"verb": "POST", "resource": "bindings"},
		metrics[0].Tags())
}

func TestMetricsWithTimestamp(t *testing.T) {
	testTime := time.Date(2020, time.October, 4, 17, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC)
	testTimeUnix := testTime.UnixNano() / int64(time.Millisecond)
	metricsWithTimestamps := fmt.Sprintf(`
# TYPE test_counter counter
test_counter{label="test"} 1 %d
`, testTimeUnix)

	// IgnoreTimestamp is false
	metrics, err := Parse([]byte(metricsWithTimestamps), http.Header{}, false)
	require.NoError(t, err)
	require.Len(t, metrics, 1)
	require.Equal(t, "test_counter", metrics[0].Name())
	require.Equal(t, map[string]interface{}{
		"counter": float64(1),
	}, metrics[0].Fields())
	require.Equal(t, map[string]string{
		"label": "test",
	}, metrics[0].Tags())
	require.Equal(t, testTime, metrics[0].Time().UTC())

	// IgnoreTimestamp is true
	metrics, err = Parse([]byte(metricsWithTimestamps), http.Header{}, true)
	require.NoError(t, err)
	require.Len(t, metrics, 1)
	require.Equal(t, "test_counter", metrics[0].Name())
	require.Equal(t, map[string]interface{}{
		"counter": float64(1),
	}, metrics[0].Fields())
	require.Equal(t, map[string]string{
		"label": "test",
	}, metrics[0].Tags())
	require.WithinDuration(t, time.Now(), metrics[0].Time().UTC(), 5*time.Second)
}


One of the biggest obstacles that you can ever encounter while trying to be creative is your inner critic. This is the part of you that cuts off an idea mid-thought and is always on the lookout for what is wrong with an idea.
This part of your mind is not a bad thing. In fact, we need it in order to discern which ideas are good and which ones are worth throwing out. However, it has its place in the creative process and it definitely should not be a part of the beginning stages. Because when it is, it seems to step on any creative seed that your mind tries to sow.
One way to get over this problem of being hypercritical of your own work is through the 'freewriting' exercise. This exercise enables you to create a judgement-free creative zone, where you can explore each and every idea that comes into your mind.
Freewriting is incredibly simple. All you need to do is to set a timer (usually 10 minutes is a good starting point) and then write non-stop until the time is up. That's it.
Write literally anything that comes into your mind and don't stop writing. This means leaving in all spelling mistakes, grammar mistakes and weird non-sequiturs that your mind comes up with. If you are stopping to think about anything or hitting the backspace button on your keyboard, you are thinking too much.
Even if you are writing about how the chair you are sitting on is a bit too spongy for your liking, or about how you could really go for a block of chocolate, you are doing the exercise correctly. Allowing your mind to drift off into these normally 'off limits' places loosens up your creative cogs and will allow you to handle the creative challenge at hand more effectively.
Write specifically about the subject at hand.
For example, if you are writing a radio campaign for a company that sells pencils. One thing that you can do is just write about pencils for ten minutes straight. Just write non-stop about how they look, how they feel in your hand, the sounds that they make or whatever! Once you are finished, you can read over what you wrote and you will have many potential directions for your ad.
What you want to be able to do is get yourself in the most creative place possible. This means preparing yourself both physically and mentally for the creative task at hand.
If you want to get the most out of your creative mind, do the following.
Once you have finished with the stretching, the next thing you are going to do is some light exercises. This will cause a release of endorphins in your body, which will then cause a cascade of positive emotions to flood your system. Remember, the body and the mind are intimately linked and to help one is to help the other.
If you are in a workplace environment where you feel conscious about doing this in front of other people, either find a room with a bit more privacy or do it outside.
Once you have done these exercises, you will notice that your body is buzzing with positive energy. This energy will undoubtedly translate into your creativity. It is important to remember that your creativity is like a muscle, and you need to constantly keep exercising it if you want it to function at its best.


In a future that's sadly not so far removed from our own time, wealth and power are consolidated among a few families, and those that serve them enjoy comfort and privilege. Everyone else is referred to simply as Waste, and they're forced to scavenge to survive. Each powerful family has a single member who's been augmented to serve as its enforcer, as its Lazarus. Forever Carlyle is one such family's Lazarus, and despite efforts to keep her in line, she doesn't like what she sees in the world, how people live and what's she's expected to do to protect her kin's place atop an ugly societal structure.
Lark offers up surprisingly clean, crisp line art throughout this issue. I've come to expect a generally gritty, dark approach from him, one I've always enjoyed, but this struck me as a different tack. Nevertheless, the visuals remain just as strong and compelling. While the art here isn't necessarily bright, per se, it certainly doesn't boast the sort of noir feel we've seen from him before on Gotham Central or Daredevil. There's a strong sense of realism at play here, reinforced by the limited nature of the sci-fi elements. Generally, the character designs, and specifically their clothing, looks like normal garb, and the tech (beyond whatever processes have made the title character so formidable) doesn't seem much beyond what we have in the real world today. It's a smart move, because that overall, familiar look to the people and their environment ensures the relevance of the story elements come through with crystal clarity.
I also loved the coloring work here. While the line art keeps the settings in familiar territory, the colors set them apart from the everyday. Arcas immerses interior facilities controlled by the Carlyles in cool, sterile blues. Save for the spots scarred by violence, those backdrops seem untouched by normal human activity. Conversely, the exterior shot are bathed in muted browns and yellows, creating an arid, barren tone that reflects how the world has withered or even died.
Some of the ideas Rucka explores in this book are far from subtle. He makes some powerful declarations about capitalism, about society. He takes the notion of the haves and have-nots to the extreme here, and I couldn't help but think of the Occupy movement, about the Koch Brothers, about the growing divide between the rich and the working poor, not only in America but all over the world. Apparently, the real-world resonance was more than intended, as Rucka notes in an essay in the back of this inaugural issue the events of Occupy and other newsworthy, socio-economic developments served as context for the development of this story. I enjoyed the essay almost as much as I enjoyed the story, as it offers an interesting glimpse into the creative process.


text:
VP Kamala Harris Visiting San Bernardino To Tout $600M In Wildfire Recovery Money For Calif.According to state numbers, over 2.56 million acres burned in California wildfires last year.
4 Killed When Plane Hits Berm, Flips, Catches Fire At Corona Airport
Filed Under:Corona, Plane Crash
CORONA (CBSLA) — Four people were killed after a small plane crashed at the Corona Municipal Airport Wednesday, sparking a vegetation fire in the process.
Jan. 22, 2020. (CBS2)
During take off, the single-engine Bonanza A-36 failed to lift off. Instead, the plane crashed through a fence, hit a berm to the east of the airport, landed upside down and caught fire.
The Corona Police Department and Corona Fire Department responded to the crash as flight personnel worked to extinguish the resulting brush fire.
"Everybody ran over," Dorothe Voll, a witness, said. "We brought fire extinguishers."
Despite their best efforts, nearby pilots were not able to save those on board.
"The four victims in the place did suffer extensive burn injuries," John Deyoe, spokesperson for the Corona Fire Department, said.
The Corona Fire Department said that once the 80 gallons of fuel ignited, there was no chance of survival for those on the plane.
Voll, who is also a pilot, said she did not know the pilot of the plane and suspected he might not be from the area.
READ MORE: VP Kamala Harris Visiting San Bernardino To Tout $600M In Wildfire Recovery Money For Calif.
The plane, based out of Torrance, belonged to 84-year-old Joseph Zingali.
A plane crashes at Corona Municipal Airport. Jan. 22, 2020. (Photo credit: Scott Shot Media)
Zingali's daughter said the family was still waiting to hear whether he was on the plane, and, if so, whether he was the one flying.
According to investigators, the pilot was flying eastbound on the runway, attempting to take off downwind — a departure some pilots said was not recommended at non-towered airports like Corona.
"The wind's showing to go this direction, so normal departure is into the wind," Walt Snyder, a witness, said.
Snyder, who is also a pilot, estimated that the aircraft might have been traveling 90 miles per hour when it crashed.
"He [the pilot] didn't pull back and he was too fast on the runways," Voll said. "Then he flipped, and then everybody was running, and it started on fire, and then it had two explosions which probably were the fuel tanks."
MORE NEWS: Malibu's Leo Carrillo State Park Partially Reopens This Weekend; Pacific Coast Highway Down To 1 Lane In Ventura County To Repair Surf Erosion
Both the Federal Aviation Administration and the National Transportation Safety Board have been called in to investigate.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
HCA Acquisition of 24 MedSpring Locations Furthers Integration of Health System-Urgent Care Partnerships
By Ben Garber | August 16, 2019
In a move further highlighting the integral role of ambulatory care in population health management programs, at-risk contracting, and the health system referral value chain, HCA Healthcare has purchased 24 MedSpring urgent-care centers from Fresenius Medical Care[1]. The centers are located in Austin, Dallas, and Houston. Nine of the acquired centers are attributed to St. David's Healthcare[2], an Austin, TX-based health system, and operate with the St. David's name, while the remainder operate under HCA's CareNow brand including 8 centers attributed to the Dallas-Fort Worth Medical City Healthcare[3]. St. David's operates 7 hospitals as well as 9 ambulatory surgery centers (ASCs), and 13 specialty outpatient health centers. Medical City Healthcare operates 14 hospitals, as well as 11 ASCs, 8 free-standing ERs, and 4 Medical City Children's Urgent Care clinics; in addition to 32 other CareNow locations. With the acquisition, CareNow will operate 160 urgent care centers across the country.
The sale marks an exit from the state of Texas for MedSpring, which will continue to operate 36 urgent cares in Atlanta, Baltimore, and Chicago. Austin, TX-based MedSpring was founded by former WellCare CEO Heath Schiesser and Chief Medical Officer on Belsher, M.D. with an investment from Summit Partners in April 2011. In 2014 MedSpring merged with Baltimore, MD based ChoiceOne Urgent Care. Summit Partners invested $29.6 million in the platform and realized $55 million three years later in the June 2014 sale to Germany's Fresinius Medical Care, best known for its network of outpatient kidney dialysis clinics[4].
Coinciding with the MedSpring acquisition, Fresenius acquired a 80%+ stake in Sound Inpatient Physicians Inc.,for approximately $600 million in a recapitalization that included management and existing investor TowerBrook Capital Partners. At the time Sound Physicians was expected to generate $500 million in annual revenue. In June 2018 Fresenius realized proceeds of $2.15 billion in the sale of its stake in Sound Physicians to Summit Partners and UnitedHealth Group's OptumHealth[5]. Sound Physicians is forecast to generate $1.4 billion of revenue in 2019[6].
In many ways, the integration into HCA hospital-based Texas footprints is a natural progression of the partnership between the two groups. In 2014, MedSpring partnered with Boston-based non-profit health system Partners HealthCare in a joint venture to create Partners Urgent Care[7]. Through the joint venture the health system was able to expand patient access to care, better control the total cost of care through lower-cost site of service options, and provide efficient service and quality care by partnering with an experienced operator. The arrangement between Partners HealthCare and MedSpring was one of a growing trend in health system urgent care partnerships, such as those between CityMD and CHI Franciscan in Seattle, WA[8], MedExpress and Atlantic Health in New Jersey[9], and those by GoHealth Urgent Care with Mercy in St. Louise, MO[10], Charlotte, NC-based Novant Health[11], and San Francisco's Dignity Health[12]. Partners HealthCare, which also operates its own health insurance plan, was itself formed through a similar joint venture between Bringham and Women's Hospital and Massachusetts General Hospital that partnered with HCA to manage its hospital-based health system.
[1] Summit Partners
[2] St. David's Healthcare
[3] D Magazine
[4] https://www.utah.gov/pmn/files/461069.pdf
[5] Fresenius Medical Care
[6] Fierce Healthcare
[7] Partners Healthcare
[8] CHI Franciscan
[9] 7 Mile Advisors
[10] GoHealth Urgent Care
[11] Business Wire
[12] Dignity Health


text:
Q: RSpec test health endpoint without controller or action I've got something like this code in my routes.rb
get '/health', to: proc { [200, {}, ['']] }

and I need to write RSpec test.
I've got only this line without any defined controller or action, is it possible to create such specs?

A: what about simple request spec? Maybe something like this:
require "rails_helper"

RSpec.describe "Health check", type: :request do
  it "does return 200 status" do
    get "/health"
    expect(response.status).to eq 200
  end
end

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Q: nlohmann json access nested value by single string I have a json like :
{
"answer": {
  "everything": 42
  }
}

Using nlohmann json library in C++, I can access at this nested value like this :
std::cout << my_json["answer"]["everything"];

I'm looking for a way to access it with something like :
std::cout << my_json["answer.everything"];

A: It won't be possible to implement this with the syntax j["name1.name2"] you used. Many overloads for operators, including the bracket operators () and [] can only be declared inside a class. Furthermore nlohmann::json has already defined the [] operator to work like j["name1"]["name2"]! This means you would have to modify the library in order to achieve this precise syntax. But it seems you are only trying to have an arbitrarily nested Json and be still able to browse through it with a simple input string without necessarily sticking to the square bracket operator.
A simple solution is writing a function get(nlohmann::json, std::string) that takes an nlohmann::json as well as the corresponding dot-separeted names of the form name1.name2.name3 etc. and returns the corresponding value. This can be achieved by splitting the string according to the delimiter and then calling the nlohmann::json[] operator to browse the Json string:
std::vector<std::string> split(std::string const& str, char const delim) noexcept {
  std::vector<std::string> res = {};
  std::size_t start {0};
  std::size_t end {0};
  while ((start = str.find_first_not_of(delim, end)) != std::string::npos) {
    end = str.find(delim, start);
    res.push_back(str.substr(start, end - start));
  }
  return res;
}

nlohmann::json get(nlohmann::json const& root, std::string const& dot_separated_names) {
  std::vector<std::string> const names = split(dot_separated_names, '.');
  nlohmann::json const* leaf = &root;
  for (auto const& name : names) {
    if (leaf->contains(name)) {
      leaf = &leaf->at(name);
    } else {
      // Error handling (e.g. throw error)
      std::cerr << "Name '" << name << "' not found!" << std::endl;
    }
  }
  return *leaf;
}

With the functions above you can achieve the desired output with get(j, "name1.name2");.
If you want to be able to set values as well you can similarly write a function set
nlohmann::json& set(nlohmann::json& root, std::string const& dot_separated_names) {
  std::vector<std::string> const names = split(dot_separated_names, '.');
  nlohmann::json* leaf = &root;
  for (auto const& name : names) {
    if (leaf->contains(name)) {
      leaf = &leaf->at(name);
    } else {
      // Error handling (e.g. throw error)
      std::cerr << "Name '" << name << "' not found!" << std::endl;
    }
  }
  return *leaf;
}

that can be called as set(j, "name1.name2") = "value";. It might be unintuitive to set a value like this so you might want to modify it to something like template <typename T> set(nlohmann::json& root, std::string const& dot_separated_names, T&& value).
Probably it is even better to write this function for std::vector<std::string> instead of std::string and move the splitting of the string to a different routine. This way you can switch delimiter easily and can also browse through a Json just given a vector of names.

If you really wanted to use it as j["name1.name2"] you would have to write your own wrapper class for a nlohmann::json that defines the bracket operator in this way. But in this case you lose a lot of functionality of the wrapped nlohmann::json that you would have to supply by yourself, e.g. the other operators such as << etc.
  class YourJsonWrapper {
    public:
      YourJsonWrapper(nlohmann::json const& j) noexcept
        : j{j} {
        return;
      }
      // Your custom bracket operator
      nlohmann::json const& operator [] (std::string const& dot_separated_names) const {
        // Get implementation (like above)
        // ...
      }
      nlohmann::json& operator [] (std::string const& dot_separated_names) {
        // Set implementation (like above)
        // ...
      }
      // Add the other operators you need and forward them to the underlying nlohmann::json

      nlohmann::json j; ///< The wrapped nlohmann::json
  };

Furthermore - as pointed out in the comments - using dot-separated strings could be problematic as a Json name itself might contain a dot as well. Therefore make sure your Json names can't contain dots by design.


text:
Bonaventura, Federigo
(b. Ancona, Italy, 24 August 1555; d. Urbino [?], Italy, March 1602)
meteorology.
Bonaventura was the son of Pietro Bonaventura, an officer in the army of the duke of Urbino and a poet, and of Leonora Landriani of Milan. Upon his father's death in 1565 Federigo, supported by the duke of Urbino, went to Rome, where he was educated with Francesco Maria della Rover at the age of eighteen he returned to Urbino. Following the accession of Duke Francesco Maria II in 1574, Federico met with even greater favor. He continued his studies at Urbino, Particularly Greek mathematics and natural philosophy. In addition to his scholarly activities, Bonaventura served as Urbino's ambassador to several European courts,. His marriage to Pantasilea, countess of Carpegna, in 1577 produced twelve children, including Pietro, who became bishop of Cesena, and Francesco Maria, who wrote several literary works.
Bonaventura's most important scientific writings deal with meteorology. As yet they have not been carefully studied, nor has their significance in sixteenthy-century meteorological thought been determined. They include De causa ventorum motus (1592), in which he argues, in opposition to many later interpreters, that there is no basic disagreement between the theory of winds of Aristotle and that of Theophrastus; Pro Thepohrasto atque Alexandra Aphrodisiensi… apologia (1592), in which he again attempts to defend the ancient Peripatetic meteorological theories against such modern interpreters as Francesco Vimercato; Anemologiae pars prior (1593), which is essentially a Latin translation of Theophrasyus'l; De ventis and De signis, with long and detailed commentaries on the two works; and Quomodo calor a sole corporibus coelestibus producasture secundum Aristoletelm (1627), in which he argues that Aristotle held that the sun's heat is transferred to other bodies through motion, rather than through light.
All of Bonaventura's writings on meteorology are marked by an attempt to determine the precise meaning of the ancient texts through Phiological techniques, with apparently little effort being made to utilize experience and observation to verify their truth. He also wrote on medical subjects (especially De nature parts octomestris [1596] and political philosophy, and translated into Latin works of Themistius and of Ptolemy (Inerrantium stellarum apparitions ac significatioum collectio [1592]).
I. Original Works. Lists of Bonaventura's published works are available in Mazzuchelli, Narducci, and Vecchietti (see below). See also the following MSS: Bibliotheca Ambrosianan, Milan, Q. 118 sup., and S. 87 sup,; Biblioteca Oliveriana, Pesaro, 1494, 1500, 1503, 1509; and Vat. urb. lat. 1333, 1349. Among his Published works are De causa ventorum motus (Urbino, 1592; Venice, 1594); Inerrantium stellarum appartiones ac significationum collection (Urbin, 1592), a Latin translation of the work by Ptolemy, with a long commentary; Pro Theopharasto atque Alexandro Aphrodisiensi….apologia (Urbino, 1592; repr. Venice, 1594); Anemologica pare prior (Urbino, 1593), repr. as Meteorologicae affectiones (Venice, 1594); De natura partus octomestris (Urbino, 1596, 1600; Frankfurt, 1601, 1612; Venice, 1602); and a collection of Opuscula (Urbino, 1627) which contains, among others, Quomodo calor a sole corporibus coelestibus producatur secundum Aristotelem.
II. Secondary Literature. Writings on Bonaventura or his work are Giammaria Mazzuchelli, Gil scrittori d'Italia, II (Brescia, 1760), 1563–1564; M. Michaud, Biographie universelle, 2nd ed. (Paris, 1880), IV, 687; Enrico Narducci, Giunt all'opera… del… Mazzuchelli (Rome, 1894), p. 95; and P. Vecchietti and T. Vecchietti, Bibliotecapicena, III (Osimo, 1796), 1–6.
see also Degli uomini illustri di Urbino commentario del P. Carlo Grossi con aggiunte scritte dal conte Pompeo Gherardi (Urbino, 1856), pp. 72–78.
Charles B. Schmitt
Complete Dictionary of Scientific Biography
"Bonaventura, Federigo ." Complete Dictionary of Scientific Biography . . Encyclopedia.com. 20 Jan. 2020 <https://www.encyclopedia.com>.
"Bonaventura, Federigo ." Complete Dictionary of Scientific Biography . . Encyclopedia.com. (January 20, 2020). https://www.encyclopedia.com/science/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/bonaventura-federigo
"Bonaventura, Federigo ." Complete Dictionary of Scientific Biography . . Retrieved January 20, 2020 from Encyclopedia.com: https://www.encyclopedia.com/science/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/bonaventura-federigo


Hostinger are amazing when it comes to the support services. The whole team is very helpful and friendly, always there for me when I need them.
This hosting is what I've searched for all this time! Easy to use, cheap and on top of all, the support is really helpful. You know what? I'm a beginner to this world and they help me when I'm star ting to get lost. They won't let me to face all difficulties. They're freaking awesome!
The service provided by Hostinger is not something I would call perfect but it is still up there. The site is reliable, has a good uptime, I will give them that.
After trying to post top rated providers, being fed up with their slow response and client neglection, I finally found a company that actually cares. Never do I post reviews, but this time is different. Thank you for your services, I know now that my website is in great hands with a team of professionals who are always here to help.
Hostinger is good only for beginners. If you are a web developer or a business looking for online presence then this is not the right choice. Thier servers cannot handle loads. Wordpress sites often go down and email service is pathetic. Customer support is not great.Though they provide chat support, they reply very late. If they are not able to provide proper resolution then they blame their System Administrators.
Hostinger, for my surprise, turned out to be my favorite hosting provider. I'm not new to this so understand perfectly that essential features are loading time, uptime and support. They deliver on all of them. I rarely need assistance, but when I need it, I need it quickly. After trying out their live chat system from the cpanel I can tell that they work very quickly and very professionally. In all this time I experienced some downtime, but nothing major, so couldn't say that it's an issue.
One of the best Shared Hosting experience. I love the Cpanel design. Every one uses old pretty boring desing. But hostinger has redesigned Cpanel.
The staff at Hostinger treat their customers really well. I have been using their shared server and the experience has been awesome for me. I would recommend them.
The support team of Hostinger is great and they are of huge help when it comes to solving problems and providing web solutions. I am really happy with their services and would recommend it to everyone.
Hostinger is a good web hosting service provider which you can consider if you're looking for a new web host. I migrated to Hostinger 10 months ago, and I am really satisfied with their services.
Hostinger is establishing itself as one of the fastest growing hosting companies in the world. Their reach is expanding every upcoming day as more and more customers are getting attracted towards its high-quality hosting service. As of now, the only downside of the company is that it does not provide dedicated hosting services to the users. On the other hand, people have had some issues with the basic plans of individual hosting services as well. Though, on an overall basis, Hostinger offers many productive features to users in addition to the excellent technical support that ensures that customer's website stays away from any kind of downtime issues.
With the services and offers made available, the web hosting service provider known as 'Hostinger' is worth checking out. They are mainly focused on the cheap web hosting provided at a very high speed. Hostinger tends to be one of the most reliable sources in this industry at an affordable rate. In addition to the shared hosting, they also offer VPS and cloud hosting at a good monthly rate. This review will cover all essential features, pros, and cons, as well as the facilities provided by Hostinger.
Hostinger quickly manages to provide a healthy environment to their users stopping them from making any shift. The company started back in 2004 and had successfully managed itself to get regarded as one of the best in the world. Currently, their services are spread out in more than 175 countries in the world with over 29 Million happy subscribers. According to the website claim, almost 15000 users join them every day.
Hostinger leaves a good first impression in the shared web hosting for their new customers. They offer three different plans for shared web hosting, each coming up with 30 days free trial. The plans they offer are Single Web Hosting, Premium Web Hosting, and Business web hosting. This allows the users to select a plan according to their preferences and interests. Also, the added incentive of 30 days free trial is the icing on the cake. The users can try one, and if it fits them, they can go for the annual or monthly subscription as per their pockets. Though, the plans are affordable and come with handy prices. Furthermore, Hostinger comes with 99.99% uptime guarantee for all premium and web hosting plans. Also, if you are not happy with their service, you can just ask for a refund without answering or providing a reason for such.
They easily land in the top ten of the best cloud web hosting providers in the world at present. They are actively preparing a next generation cloud web hosting platform which combines the best elements of VPS & Linux plans at once. The web hosting providing believes in not relying on a single server. Therefore, keeping the needs of their users in mind, multiple copies of website files are hosted at a given time. The web hosting data centers are loaded with balanced software composition directing traffic to the servers with some quick responses. This composition of the web hosting structure provides better data security for the websites in case of any hardware failure. Also, the prices charged are reasonable as the plans start ranging from $4.95.
To keep their consumers satisfied, Hostinger comes up with six different plans for VPS web hosting. These plans are named as VPS Server Plan 1 to VPS Server Plan 6 in a serial order. You can start your web hosting for the website with a genuine rate of $4.95 per month coming up with various scalability resources, full SSH root, cloud infrastructure, and dedicated server space. In comparison to others, the speed offered by the VPS Plans is 30 times faster. The VPS plans offered to come with 100MBPS speed and support up to 160 GB disk space. Also, it provides 6000GB bandwidth which is more than enough for any person whether freelancer, beginner or any global company. Hostinger gives 99.99% uptime guarantee with the policy of 30 days cash back.
Without any shadow of a doubt, Hostinger is one of the most reliable sources for web hosting. Even with such a low price, they manage to provide the best experience to their customers. They give a 99.99% Uptime guarantee to the users, hence, adding confidence in them that they won't have any trouble while hosting their websites.
Like the standard features of other web hosting providers, Hostinger comes with a 99.99% Uptime guarantee. Also, the first month of the service is a free trial for every plan they offer. So, if you are not satisfied with the services of Hostinger, you can opt for a refund. As per their 100% return-back guarantee, no questions needed to answer.
If you go for Hostinger, you will get a 24-hour support with a guarantee of 99.99% uptime. Also, the technical support team of Hostinger is well dedicated to their work and know what they are doing. The staff is specialized in their particular field giving the best guidance in the time of any difficulty. They tend to solve any issue within few minutes.
Hostinger markets themselves as the 'cheap web hosting provider.' Therefore, it is a well-known fact that the services offered are coming at a very reasonable rate. Their plans are easily affordable even for the beginners or those at the rookie level. The shared web hosting plans start at just $2.15 per month. VPS solutions also come at a meager price of $4.95 per month.
Hostinger comes with some top-notch web hosting features of all time. In comparison to the price charged by Hostinger, their features are tremendous. They compete with some highly expensive web hosting providers in the matter of hosting features. The features include free registration coming up with a free domain name. On most hosting platforms, you will enjoy the benefits of solid state drives with the minimum of 10 GB Disk Space. You can switch from a shared web hosting plan to VPS hosting powered by a cloud hosting platform. The cloud hosting provides the flexibility to grow in the near future which is perfect for beginners.
Hostinger is one of the most famous web hosting service providers in the business. The company was founded back in 2004 and are enjoying an entertaining ride since then. The simple idea behind the concept of Hostinger is to let the users create a website for free of cost. Also, let them enjoy the benefits of unlimited PHP, MySQL, c-panel, and an ad-free experience. They believe in providing an independent chance to express yourselves to the web. Currently, they are providing the hosting platform to more than 29 Million users in 178 countries. With an average of 15,000 new sign-ups on their website, making it a new user every five seconds. They have developed a strong structure with use of powerful technology.


text:
Q: md5sum returns different results for a folder, but why? /tmp/file.txt

tar cvf 1.tar tmp
md5sum 1.tar
c32dc6f04ff02b371129dd4aa923cc12

rm 1.tar
cd tmp
touch test.txt
rm test.txt
cd ..

tar cvf 1.tar tmp
md5sum 1.tar
f9204f04ff02b300130ee4aa234aa78

i dont understand why these two check sums are different.  how does adding a file and then removing it from the tmp directory create a "different" tar file?

A: When you create and delete the test.txt file the modification time of the directory is updated. That's the difference in the tar file that causes the checksum to be different.
You can see the affect by doing ls -ld tmp before and after touching and removing the file. You can also see it if you do tar tvf before and after.
Edit:
As LatinSuD mentioned in a comment, tar files contain date, owner and permission information about the files and directories contained within.


text:
Fum or FUM may refer to:
 Fum language
 Thurman "Fum" McGraw (1927–2000), American football player

 Friends United Meeting
 Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, in Iran
 Fermi–Ulam model
 Fire use module
 Funds under management

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Q: Batch Copy Rename, Prompt on duplicate Super new to batch files and programming in general so any help is appriciated;
I'm trying to copy, and rename a file based on user input, then open the new file. My issue is, If there is a duplicate, I want it to re-prompt the user for a different name. Right now I have:
SET /P "dname=Type new sheet name, then press Enter:"
COPY "O:\master.xlsx" "O:\%dname%.xlsx" /V /-Y
START /D "O:" %dname%.xlsx

And this works for copying and renaming, but if there is a duplicate, I get the prompt 'do you want to copy Y/N' but if I say no, it doesn't ask for a different name.
Thank you!
Edit 1:
I now have this:
SET /P "dname=Type sheet name, then press Enter:"
IF EXIST "O:\%dname%.xlsx" (
    :RETRY
    SET /P "dname=Error! There is already a file named %dname%. Please choose a new unique name:"
    IF EXIST "O:\%dname%.xlsx" (
        GOTO :RETRY
        ELSE GOTO :COPY
        )
    ) ELSE GOTO :COPY
:COPY
COPY "O:\master.xlsx" "O:\%dname%.xlsx" /V /-Y

And it seems to work reliably. Is there a better way to streamline/optimize this with a loop? Or is that good enough?

A: This is how I would do it:
@echo off
setlocal
set "oldname=master"
:loop
set "newname=%oldname%"
set /p "newname=New Name: "
if exist "%newname%.xlsx" (
  echo %newname%.xlsx already exists. Chose another name.
  goto :loop
)
COPY "%oldname%.xlsx" "%newname%.xlsx"


Please note, a discount of 20% will be given to those who register for 4 or more. Email info@wpbcsacramento.org to have your invoice adjusted after completing registration.
Registration fees are discounted through May 8, 2015. Please register online today by following the Register link on the left. We accept Visa, MasterCard, American Express and Discover, or checks payable to Capital Forum on Pensions. Please register online even if you are paying by check. You will receive an invoice via email immediately upon completing the registration process.


Thanks alot..!? great…genius..! Cheap Fildena 100 makes men achieve titillating paragon Things you should be awake nigh Fildena 50 mg reviews Threepenny Medicines Online Ewww that was scary. Checkout a natural? breast enlargement procedure.
Erectile dysfunction job has been plaguing men for centuries. During the New 16th and 17th centuries in France, priapic impotence Fildena Effervescent reasoned a law Can you do? a play test? Russian? Aeroflot?
You might also check out the programs in sports medicine at some of the chiropractic colleges as well….they have some great programs at Logan College in St. Louis and at some of? the others. Erectile dysfunction job has been plaguing men for centuries. During the posthumous 16th and 17th centuries in France, priapic dysfunction was wise a offense, as well Funny video Lucky for me people leave McDonalds, BurgerKing, and Pizza Hut coupons on the counters at my post office.? I have no problem picking them up! I always think did they not see the word FREE on half of those coupons. Besides our McDonalds takes expired coupons their crazy for leaving them!!
Whodunit is my absolute favorite. It's just like that one board medicine. The one with the mansion and the killer.? Mr. Peecock in the kitchen with a metal pipe. That one. I think it's called clue. I haven't played it in a while but that's what this quest reminds me of.
Top Male Erection Pill Thither are literally hundreds of assorted kinds of masculine improvement pills on the grocery, and Cheap Fildena 100 was introduced by I found this book very informative amd easy to follow, it caught my attention right away and gave me alot of useful information. I recommend anyone that? is dealing with high blood pressure to read this book and keep it close by.
That's a noble and kind response – thanks?


An upcoming feature documentary film by Emmy and Peabody award-winning filmmaker Susan Steinberg.
After three years filming behind the gallery walls of London, we can now reveal the intimate journey of the evolution of ten women, aged 22-82, as they become artists of the 21st century. We follow an international cast; from Cairo, France, Germany, Lebanon, the United States and the United Kingdom, all now living and working in London as they forge their careers in and around the heat of the blazing trail left by 20th century female art ancestry.
In three acts, this fast-paced documentary feature puts the lens between art and life to reveal the dynamic and multi-faceted story of this enigmatic calling. In the negotiation between art and life, the artist emerges.
'You are living in an area where there are so many conflicts…between chaos and order, or discipline and freedom, your commitment to art and your personal relationships.
Internationally renowned sculptor Helaine Blumenfeld discusses the competing demands in the life of a woman artist in this preview of Mirrors to Windows: The Woman as Artist.
Egyptian photographer and digital artist Nermine Hammam talks about the gender politics of the Egyptian Revolution and subsequent riots, and how she approached it artistically in this Mirrors to Windows: The Woman as Artist preview.
Contemporary sculptor Jodie Carey talks about art school, self-belief and her raw materials in this Mirrors to Windows: The Woman as Artist preview.
Maliheh Afnan is a Persian Palestinian artist who "writes" her paintings. In this Mirrors to Windows: The Woman as Artist preview, she talks about the central theme of the veil in her work.
Mirrors to Windows will reference seminal women artists who set the stage for the contemporary artists of the 21st century. Animation and title design by Raphaella Fearns.


Jasmine scent has probably been described in the literature with more superlatives than any other single essence. Although the fragrance is delicate and quite feminine, Jasmine is often described as the King of essences and the King of Essential oils.
Aromatherapy benefits: Helpful in restoring confidence, energy, optimism and vitality.


The error indicates some of the PHP Live! files are not up to date. The only reason for this error is if a file is calling a function but another file that contains the actual function is not matching the function call parameters.
You'll want to download a fresh copy of the PHP Live! latest version at the client area and then re-upload all the files to your server, replacing the existing PHP Live! files.


combines with the Extra-Gloss Technology for a laminated-look shine.
perfect from every angle and impressively light.
1) Directly on the hair as a finishing touch after using the shampoo and mask, for a long-lasting, extra-gloss effect.
Apply a few drops to damp or dry hair.
Absorbs instantly, noneed to rinse.
mix three puffs of the oil with 15 ml of mask and proceed as normal.


Location of Akyurt, Ankara within Turkey.
Akyurt, formerly Ravlı, is a district of Ankara Province of Turkey. According to 2010 census, population of the district is 26,006 of which 25,353 live in the urban center of Akyurt. The district covers an area of 212 km2 (82 sq mi) km², and the average elevation is 960 m (3,150 ft).
Akyurt is an industrial area about 30 km from the city centre, near Ankara Esenboğa International Airport, on the road from Ankara to Çankırı. Factories in the district include Mikes, and a plant of the electronics company Aselsan. There are over 18,000 residents, including many recent migrants from Çankırı, Çorum and Kastamonu, but the daytime working population of Akyurt is over 40,000.
There are 26 neighborhoods in Altındağ.
↑ GeoHive. "Statistical information on Turkey's administrative units". Retrieved 2008-03-26.
↑ Statoids. "Statistical information on districts of Turkey". Retrieved 2008-04-22.
Falling Rain Genomics, Inc. "Geographical information on Akyurt, Turkey". Retrieved 2008-03-26.
Turkish Ministry of Education. "Geographical information on Akyurt, Ankara" (in Turkish). Retrieved 2008-03-26.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Akyurt.


text:
Home > Sculpture Gallery > Statues >
First Marble Statue carved in America
Woodblock print of what the statue looked like
from NYPL Digital Gallery
The statue of Hamilton (1757-1804) was the first marble statue produced in the United States. It was carved from a 9 ton block of white Italian marble. The statue weighed 1.5 tons when finished and stood 14 foot high on its' base. It took Ball Hughes 1 or 2 years to complete at a cost of $6,000-8,000. The statue stood in the Grand Rotunda at the top of the New York Merchants Exchange and was destroyed 8 months later in the Great Fire of 1835.
The First Merchants Exchange
from A Century of Banking in New York 1822-1922, p.134
The Merchants' Room
As it looked in 1831 before the statue of Hamilton erected
An article The Statue of Gen. Hamilton appeared in "The Family Magazine, Or Monthly Abstract of General Knowledge" Vol 3, edited by Origen, New York: Redfield & Lindsay, 1835-6, pp. 41 & 42 with a different woodblock print of the statue than shown above. The article states:
"If any specimen of statuary can impress the beholder with exalted ideas of the art of sculpture, it is the statue of Alexander Hamilton." ... "The mind is filled with admiration at the triumph of that noble art that can make the marble almost warm to life." 'it is almost a speaking statue, beautiful in design, and wonderful in the execution, which has carried the minutest parts to extraordinary perfection. What a powerful conception, strong imagination, discriminating taste, excellent judgment, and skillful hand, must distinguish the artist who can chisel such a "human from divine" out of the rude block of the quarry! To accomplish it, must be the attribute of that high order of genius to which we may apply the adage, nascitur, non fit (Latin: for born, not made, as in a poet is born, not made). Of this order we may class Mr. Ball Hughes of this city, to whose skillful hand the country is indebted for this magnificent production. For him, the statue of Hamilton speaks higher and more endearing encomiums than the most lavish praise. to look upon this statue, or the monument of Bishop Hobart in Trinity Church, or the busts of Edward Livingston and others, is to be convinced of his superior talents." ... "We are happy to coincide with Col. Trumbull in this matter, in thinking that "there are very few pieces of statuary in Europe superior to this, and not twenty-five sculptors in the universe who can surpass this work.""
The Wonders of the World, In Nature, Art, and Mind by Robert Sears, New York: Sears, 1843, pp. 426-429 has this same article.
William Dana Orcutt records in Good Old Dorchester Cambridge: John Wilson & Son, UP, 1893, pp. 383-385: "The following description of Mr. Hughes' "Statue of Hamilton " is taken from a New York paper published at the time of the unveiling of the statue in that city:"
"The artist, Ball Hughes, Esq., has produced a work which does him the greatest possible credit. Hundreds of our most respectable citizens, who were intimately acquainted with General Hamilton, besides a great number of artists, pronounced it a most chaste and perfect piece of sculpture, and an exact likeness. Mr. Hughes, should he never execute another work of the kind, has, in the judgment of all who have seen it, acquired a fame that will at least live as long as himself.
The statue is carved from a block of Italian marble, which, when first placed in the hands of the artist, weighed nine tons, but it has been reduced to one and a half tons. The attitude of the statue represents the general about to speak, in his usual position of dignity and repose. His right hand holds a scroll, understood to be his able report on funding the national debt, — appended to which is the seal of the Treasury Department, resting on a beautiful polished pedestal, giving thereby a softness to the drapery approaching reality. His left leg hangs gracefully by his side, and is a wonderful piece of carving. The right leg is slightly in advance, and the foot projecting over the base, which gives great lightness and elegance to the figure. The other leg is wonderfully relieved from the drapery, and must have been a work of intense labor. The wrinkles or creases of the silk stockings and the small-clothes have every appearance of reality. The fold of the robe excites a wonder how such drapery could be carved on such delicate marble.
The head looks toward the left shoulder, and is pronounced by all who have seen it and knew the distinguished statesman, to be a perfect likeness; the broad, high forehead, the slightly contracted brow, the deep-set eyes, and general firmness of expression, richly shadowed by the gracefully carved hair, — give to it a dignity of character truly great. The costume of the figure is chastely conceived, is modern, but is so arranged as to display the anatomy of the limbs. A graceful robe surrounds it, which, while it imparts richness to the general effect, tends to conceal those parts of dress which might take from the sublimity of the work, and conveys at the same time the idea of one who holds both a civil and military station.
This whole work is the production of a few of our most public-spirited merchants, who subscribed some six or eight thousand dollars to procure a likeness of this distinguished statesman for the benefit of the public."
Illustrated Biography; or, Memoirs of the Great and the Good of All Nations and Times by Charles C. Savage, Buffalo: Phinney & Co. 1856, pp. 428-430 has another description of the statue.
An article in the New York Spirit Of Times Dec 12, 1885, p. 582, column 1, available from Old Fulton Post Cards at www.fultonhistory.com, states: "This was a statue of Alexander Hamilton, executed in Italian marble, at the expense of the merchants of this city, by the talented and eccentric Ball Hughes, a sculptor of more than ordinary talent, which stood in the centre of the exchange rotunda." Note the reference to Ball Hughes as eccentric. This is the first time that I have heard of him being described as eccentric but it fits with what we do know about him.
The Great Fire of 1835
The Great Fire of the City of New-York,
16 December 1835.
Published c1836 April 18
Cropped from Library of Congress Prints & Lithographs online Catalog
LC-DIG-pga-01587
The lithograph above was also published on the cover of "Antiques Journal," March 1957, which contained the article The Ball-Hughes Statue of Alexander Hamilton by Georgia Stamm Chamberlain on p. 16 and 17. The cover picture credit on p. 39 states: "The Great Fire of the City of New York, 16 December, 1835". "Colored lithograph, 20-3/8"x18-3/4". Mr. Patterson is running up the steps of the Merchants Exchange in an attempt to save the Hamilton statue. The Post Office is shown in the basement of the Exchange. Also shown are the offices of the New York American (1819-45)."
According to Orcutt in Good Old Dorchester p. 384-385, "It is related that Mr. Hughes, who was at that time in New York, was awakened from his sleep by the fire-bells. He rose at once, and prepared to go out. When urged to remain at home, he replied, I feel that I must go," and he arrived at the Exchange Building just in time to see his statue topple over and crash."
According to L. Maria Child in Letters From New York, Boston: Charles S. Francis & Co., 1843, p. 19, "The artist stood gazing on the scene with listless despair; and when his favourite [sic] production of his genius, on which he had bestowed the labour [sic] of two long years, fell beneath the ruins, he sobbed and wept like a child."
Wayne Craven in Sculpture in America, Newark: University of Delaware Press, 1968 & 1984, pp. 73-74 writes: "The statue was placed in the Exchange in April 1835 and was one of the celebrated monuments of the city -- until December 17 when fire consumed the building, and the statue of Hamilton was destroyed. After noting that the Exchange resembled "the ruins of an ancient temple rather than the new and beautiful resort of the merchants, Philip Hone made the following entry in his diary on the night of December 17, 1835:"
"When the dome of this edifice fell in, the sight was awfully grand. In its fall it demolished the statue of Hamilton executed by Ball Hughes, which was erected in the rotunda only eight months ago by the public spirit of the merchants."
Craven continues: "As the holocaust raged a group of sailors from Brooklyn tried to save the statue by removing it from the building, and even got the extremely heavy marble figure off its pedestal before they had to run for their lives. It was indeed a cruel blow to Hughes, whose fine marmorean masterpiece vanished before the eyes of his contemporaries and whose stature as an artist was severely diminished through the loss of what was probably his greatest completed work."
See Wikipedia article, Great Fire of New York, and History of the Fire Department of the City of New York, Chapter 18, The Great Conflagration of 1835 for more information.
Burning of the Merchants' Exchange, painting by Nicolino Calyo with article about the Great Fire by the Museum of the City of New York.
A plaster model survives in the Museum of the City of New York. (See Reynolds, Monuments & Masterpieces, pp. 42-43.)
An image Maquette for Statue of Alexander Hamilton from the Museum of the City of New York is also available online at the Alexander Hamilton Exhibition of the The New-York Historical Society.
Read more about other copies of the model in the following section.
Hamilton Statuette
Plaster Model for Statue of Alexander Hamilton
Image courtesy of Frederick R. Brown III
Note that the actual marble statue had Hamilton wearing a toga. As the following account by Craven states, Hughes added the toga to conceal a flaw in the marble.
According to Sculpture in America by Wayne Craven. Newark: University of Delaware Press, 1968 & 1984, pp. 73-74:
"In 1833 the directors of New York's Merchants' Exchange commissioned Hughes to do a marble statue of Alexander Hamilton--the one Nicholas Gevelot for some reason never made. In January 1834 he wrote to Trumbull, as president of the American Academy, to request permission to use that institution's statue gallery to model his "Hamilton," indicating he would require the room for about six weeks. Some time before this he had modeled several small statuettes of Hamilton, three of which still exist-one in the Museum of the City of New York, one in the Detroit Institute of Arts, and one in the Schuyler Mansion in Albany. They have assumed considerable significance since the large marble statue was destroyed by fire only eight months after it had been erected in the Merchants' Exchange. The model in Detroit (Fig. 2.13) shows Hamilton in contemporary dress about to deliver a speech; in his right hand he holds a scroll that rests upon a truncated column, with a wreath done in relief. The well-modeled figure has a fine animated and vigorous stance. As a model for the head, Hughes probably used a marble copy by John Dixey of Ceracchi's famous bust, which had become the standard likeness of Hamilton; Dixey had given his copy to the New-York Historical Society twenty-five years earlier. The figure was carved, probably by Italian artisans in New York, from a block of white Carrara marble, which soon revealed a flaw; to conceal this, Hughes added a Roman toga to his original conception. The appearance of the statue-the first marble portrait statue executed in America-is known from a wood engraving that was published in the New York Mirror on October 24, 1835."
From The Diary of Philip Hone, the entry for Friday, Dec. 24, 1830 states:
"Mr. Ball Hughes's model for the statue of Hamilton, on which he has been employed for a long time past, being now completed, the committee who were named to decide upon its merits assembled at the atelier of the artist, at twelve o'clock. Of that committee were present: Mr. Wilkes, Dr. Hosack, Colonel Trumbull, and myself; and of the Exchange committee, Messrs. Woolsey, Tibbits, Wyckoff, and George Griswold, with Messrs. D. B. Ogden and James R. Murray. The fullest testimony of approbation was unanimously given, and I have no doubt that if the artist finishes the statue agreeably to the promise given by the model, it will be the best piece of statuary in the United States."
Here we learn the there were two committees, one with Mr. (Charles) Wilkes, Dr. (David) Hosack, Col. (John) Trumbull, and Philip Hone and an Exchange committee. Craven states that the directors of the Exchange commissioned Hughes to do a marble statue of Alexander Hamilton in 1833 but Hones diary entry was from Dec. 1830, much earlier. This leaves about a two-year delay before initial approval and commissioning of the statue.
Note that Ball Hughes may have cast more than the three models that Craven stated still exist (as of 1968). The models may have all been the same design as all the images referenced here appear to be the same. The document below may be for nine additional casts of the model.
Contract for casts of the Model of Hamilton?
(or for portrait busts of each subscriber?)
About 1831? Image courtesy of Frederick R. Brown III
The casts to be twenty Dollars to be
delivered before the first of May
and paid for on delivery
Note that the document above is for multiple casts and contains the signatures of John Trumbull, D. B. Ogden (lawyer), (Elisha) Tibbits (wealthy New Yorker), Charles Wilkes (1764-1833, President of the Bank of New York and an officer of the American Academy of Arts, along with John Trumbull), John Hone, Dr. David Hosack (Hamilton's physician), William Johnson, and Philip Hone (one-term Mayor of New York in 1826) . Six of the nine names on the contract were cited by Philip Hone in his diary entry for Dec. 24, 1830 as being on one of the committees for the statue of Hamilton. They are Trumbull, Ogden, Tibbits, Wilkes, Hosack, and Philip Hone.
Philip Hone (1780-1851) was an officer of the Merchants Exchange at one time according to the Introduction to The Diary of Philip Hone 1821-1851. John Hone was Philip Hones older brother and also a prominent merchant like Philip. John Hone died from the Cholera of 1832 according to The Old Merchants of New York City by Walter Barrett, 1885. That dates this document as pre-1833. (Ball Hughes had to abandon his studio and flee with his family to New Jersey from New York for a few months during the Cholera epidemic in the summer of 1832.)
Philip Hones diary entry for Dec. 1830 about the model for the statue would have been "some time" before Hughes was approached in 1833 to execute the marble statute of Hamilton as Craven described. This pre-1833 document is consistent with Craven's account.
Perhaps the subscribers on the contract above ordered casts after seeing the model. Several of the men whose signatures are on the contract were contemporaries or associates of Hamilton who was a founding father, military officer, economist, political philosopher, and a New York financier, lawyer, and politician. Col. Trumbull was an aide-de-camp of Gen. George Washington. Hamilton was a senior aide-de-camp to Washington. D. B. Ogden was a New York lawyer. Elisha Tibbits was a wealthy New Yorker. Charles Wilkes was the President of the Bank of New York. Dr. Hosack attended to Hamilton after his fatal duel with Aaron Burr in 1804. William Johnson was probably the U.S. Supreme Court Justice who died in New York in 1834. Trumbull, Wilkes, and Hosack were officers of the American Academy of Arts.
Since writing this, I have found a letter from Ball Hughes to Thomas P. Devereux, dated June 27, 1831, where he lists the names of gentlemen who have sat for him for their bust. The list of 15 names includes Ogden, Philip Hone, Tibbits, Hosack, and Wilkes. These five men were on the committee for the Statue of Hamilton and on the contract for casts above.
I think it more likely that the contract is for something the men had in common, like the desire for a model of the Statue of Hamilton, rather than for their individual busts.
Trumbull, whose name also appears on the contract, did not have his marble bust carved until 1833 or 1834. If Hughes had also carved a bust of Trumbull before June 1831, why wouldn't he have mentioned it in the list of names in his letter to Devereux in June 1831? Note that the contract above was for casts. These would have probably been plaster and not bronze at the time.
Ball Hughes probably kept this document for sentimental reasons. It's been passed down through the Brown family and now we may know it's significance.
The Art Inventories Catalog of the Smithsonian American Art Museum, available through the Smithsonian Institute Research System (SIRIS), lists five statuettes of Hamilton by Robert Ball Hughes: a 27.8" bronze (1829 [sic]) at the Albany Institute of History & Art, a 27" painted plaster (1835) at the Detroit Institute of Arts, a 27-1/8" marble at the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts, a 27" plaster (1830-31) at the Schuyler Museum in Albany, NY (image below) and the model referenced above (1831) at the Museum of the City of New York. Some accounts record the height as 28". That might include the base.
Watch the video lecture: Sculptors and Their Patrons at Mount Auburn, 1820-1870, presented March 1, 2007 by David B. Dearinger, Susan Mores Hilles Curator of Paintings and Sculpture at the Boston Athenaeum. Dearinger discusses American NeoClassic sculptors and their patrons that are buried at Mount Auburn Cemetery. This lecture is part of the "Facets of Mount Auburn" celebration of the famous cemetery's 175th anniversary. Robert Ball Hughes model for the Statue of Alexander Hamilton is discussed at about minute 29 of this interesting 47 minute video. According to Dearinger, Robert Ball Hughes moved to Boston in 1840 and the Boston Athenaeum purchased the original plaster model for Statue of Alexander Hamilton that same year. Dearinger also discusses the Statue of Nathaniel Bowditch at about minute 30 of the video. See seven other video lectures by David B. Dearinger at Forum-Network.org. I have not watched the other videos yet to see if there are more references to Robert Ball Hughes. Please let me know if you discover any.
With the plaster model at the Boston Athenaeum and the plaster models identified by Craven and the SIRIS records, that makes four plaster models, a bronze statuette, and a marble statuette. Are there more?
Plaster Statuette of Alexander Hamilton
Schuyler Mansion State Historic Site
Smithsonian American Art Museum on SIRIS
The bronze and marble statuettes of Hamilton are approximately the same 27" height as the plaster statuettes. The bronze would have been cast from a mould made from the original and the marble carved by hand after the original model. This is yet another major discovery!
Note that in Adolph Weinman's papers (see below), available online at Smithsonian Archives of Art, letters document how Weinman asked permission from Pierpont M. Hamilton of New York, in 1929 and again in 1939, to copy the model to make a life size statue described below. In 1929, the model was in the Hamilton family summer home, "Table Rock," in Sterlington, NY, 35 miles from New York City. In the years between the first letter and the second, the model was transferred to the Museum of the City of New York and displayed in the Hamilton Gallery.
A handwritten paper, presumably attached to the model, states: "original model in plaster of Alexander Hamilton, for the statue cast [sic] in marble for the Merchants Exchange NY which was destroyed by fire in 1835. Approved by his widow... No copies were made from this. This is unique. This descended to the grandson of Ball Hughes from whom it was purchased April 30, 1915." Even Hardinge Scholle, the Director of the Museum of the City of New York, believed in 1939 that it was the only model.
According to Georgia Stamm Chamberlain in the article The Ball-Hughes Statue of Alexander Hamilton, "Antiques Journal," March 1957, p. 17, Ball Hughes kept the original model after the Great Fire and sold it to the Boston Athenaeum for $25 in 1838 and a replica was made (at some point) for the Hamilton family. This appears to contradict the account in the Weinman papers above. Chamberlain has other discrepancies in her article that cause doubt about the accuracy of her information. Perhaps the model Chamberlain describes is the one now at the Schuyler Museum in Albany, NY where Alexander Hamilton and Elizabeth Schuyler were married.
Provenance of the model that Weinman used is presumably: Robert Ball Hughes - Benjamin Franklin Brown - George Edward Brown or Frederick Walter Brown - Hamilton Family - Museum of the City of New York. Ball Hughes descendents may have assumed it was the only one but we know there were three or more according to Craven and the Smithsonian Art Inventories Catalog.
Weinman Statues
The 1941 nickel-silver statue of Hamilton by Adolph Alexander Weinman (1870-1952) that sits in a niche on the front facade of the Museum of the City of New York, is based on Ball Hughes famous marble statue of Hamilton. It's one of a pair with the statue of DeWitt Clinton, also on the front of the Museum.
Microfilm records entitled "Adolph A. Weinman papers, 1890-1959" have been digitized and are available on the Smithsonian Archives of Art website. The papers describe how Weinman received permission from Pierpont M. Hamilton to borrow the model to make a clay mould from which to make a plaster copy. The mould was destroyed in the process of making only one cast. This would please Weinman according to the author of the letter. Weinman purchased a $5,000 insurance policy for a $40 premium to cover the original model while it was on loan to him from the Museum of the City of New York in late 1839.
The Weinman records also include an article from the New York Times, Tuesday, January 14, 1941 entitled "Statues for Facades of Museum of the City New York". It states:
"The representation of Hamilton is based on that of an English artist, Robert Ball Hughes (1806-1868), whose statue of the statesmen was placed in the rotunda of the first Merchants Exchange on Wall Street and unveiled on March 28, 1835. It was destroyed with the building itself in the great fire in December of the same year. A small plaster model, now on exhibition at the museum, is the only remaining version of a work famous in its day, now recreated in the Weinman statue. The De Witt Clinton statue is an original work resulting from an exhaustive study of numerous contemporary portraits on the part of the artist."
Ball Hughes carved a plaster model in 1830 for the larger than life marble statue of Clinton for the front of Clinton Hall in New York. It was apparently never executed in marble after one was ordered by the Clinton Hall Association in February 1830 and it's not known what happened to the model.
The two statues were dedicated in 1941. The Hamilton statue by Weinman is also described in www.forgottendelights.com. See Flickr for photos of the statues at the MCNY.
Museum Plant has nice photos of the Weinman statues with descriptions. The Central Park Tour Slide #176 is the Hamilton statue and Slide #177 is the Clinton statue. In the box below each photo is a scrollable text box that contains a description of the statue and short biographies of Weinman and the subject of the photo. Slide #175 shows the front of the Museum with the Hamilton statue on the left.
Do you have any information about plaster models of Hamilton and the bronze and marble statuettes?


South Australia will have a Small Venues Licence after the legislation was supported in the Upper House today.
The new licence will mean that small venues of up to 120 patrons will no longer face the huge legal bills that result from individuals or businesses objecting to their establishment.
The Small Venue Licence is part of a strategy to increase 'vibrancy' in the city and make Adelaide a better place to live, work and visit.
This strategy includes reinvigorating laneways like Leigh Street and soon Bank Street.
The Liquor Licensing (Small Venue Licence) Amendment Bill will come into operation on a date yet to be proclaimed.


text:
Chelsea Handler slams Ivanka Trump for supporting dad: disdain for Hillary baffles her?
Chelsea Handler slams Ivanka Trump for backing her dad! Photo: YouTube screen shot, NY Tube, Marc Davis Getty Images
If Chelsea Handler's father ran for president she'd warn the nation not to vote for him and she thinks Ivanka Trump should be doing the same thing!
by roz zurko
July 31, 2016 at 9:33 PM Thu 23 May 2019 06:07:24 AM EDT
Video of the Day: Bill Cosby turns 82, sends bizarre message on Twitter to fans
Chelsea Handler slammed Ivanka Trump for backing her father Donald Trump and she offered up some bizarre comparisons with her own father during this recent lambasting. Chelsea feels Ivanka is wrong to 'vehemently' go to bat for her dad when she should be warning the public instead. Well she backs up this train of thought by saying she loves her father very much, but if he were to run for president she'd make dang sure to get the word out there not to vote for him.
Do not vote for Chelsea Handler's dad
Why would she say such a thing? Because Chelsea believes that although her own father is a great guy, he is just not equipped to run this country and she'd make sure everyone would know that. She believes this is the stand Ivanka should take with her own father because apparently this staunch Hillary Clinton supporter sees Donald Trump as not being up to par when it comes to running the nation.
Do not vote for Ivanka Trump's dad
Chelsea, one of the funniest ladies alive today, is an expert in her line of work. She's tops at making people laugh, but a comedian with a preoccupation with posting selfies of her naked breasts online is hardly the person to judge Ivanka Trump. Chelsea also added to her latest spew on the presidential race about how she doesn't understand why people find Hillary Clinton unlikable.
Warm and fuzzy the fix?
Right there gives you a clue that Chelsea's probably not the best person to judge Ivanka's loyalties. Many people believe that Hillary hasn't told the American people the truth about so many things, like the Benghazi attack and her emails. Because of this folks find her a hard woman to embrace. While she is far from being seen as a nice person, many find she has a lack of honesty that doesn't fit well for the job she's vying for.
With that said, it's not until November comes around that will we know if majority see her as someone capable of being the next leader of the nation.
Chelsea said she doesn't care that Hillary is not the "most charming" person, because she's not looking to be best buddies with the woman. She wants her to run this country, she not looking for a friend in Hillary. Without having much empathy for others, which is another way people describe the former Secretary of State, running the country might be a tough job to do.
Self-serving candidate
History has shown that many of the things Hillary and her husband, the former President Bill Clinton, have done were for nothing more than their own personal agendas.
One of The Wrap's archived articles refers to Hillary a "Stepford Wife for Wall Street." They claim she's had "poor judgement" and she's made choices out of her own "self-serving interest."
That is where the dislike comes in, it really doesn't have a lot to do with Hillary being the polar opposite of a warm and fuzzy person, it has to do with her tendencies to put her own needs first. Instead of Chelsea chastising Ivanka for her choice of backing her father for president she might want to look at her own choice for president?
One dad has thumbs up
It looks like Ivanka is doing just fine supporting her dad, who many believe actually deserves her support. Chelsea might want to take a second look at Hillary's history before blaming Hillary's lack of charisma as the only problem that folks have with her. If it were only charisma, she might have a fighting chance.
'GH' rumors: Dante may have shot himself, Maxie may destroy Lante
'Counting On': James and Jason celebrate graduation day after school and ALERT
'GH' finally alludes to Nikolas still being alive
roz zurko
Roz has enjoyed writing online for close to a decade and her articles are read by more than a million people each month. Her career in the field of psychology brings a unique perspective to her writing.
Follow roz on Facebook Follow roz on Twitter
Read more on the same topic from roz zurko:
The Walking Dead spoilers: Michonne death lurks next as Rick and Maggie exit show 90 Day Fiancé: Jesse threatens to call cops after Darcey throws shoes at him Bold and the Beautiful spoilers for Sept 3: Hope goes to hospital, Brooke goes ballistic
Blasting News recommends NASA plans to land the first woman on the moon by 2024 Video First Lady Melania Trump 'honored' with life-size statue in Slovenia Video Washington up in arms about Russian S400 missile system for Turkey Video 'America's Got Talent:' 12-year-old Luke Islam gets the Golden Buzzer from Julianne Hough Video 'GH' baby swap revealed, Obrecht tells Nina that Shiloh may not be Wiley's baby daddy 'Days Of Our Lives' rumors: Kristen turns into Susan with another mask


text:
Home Market News A cooperation to support olive-growing, livestock farming and fisheries
A cooperation to support olive-growing, livestock farming and fisheries
The expansion of cooperation between the Region of North Aegean and the organization ELGO-Demeter in three points, was announced a few days ago at a press conference given by the Regional Governor, Mr Konstantinos Moutzouris and the President of ELGO, Mr Serkos Haroutounian, in the presence of the Deputy Regional Minister for the Primary Sector, Mr Panagos Koufelos, the Executive Secretary of the Region, Mr Apostolos Alatzas, and the Head of the Rural Development Department, Mr George Lagoutaris.
The purpose of the press conference was to announce the further expansion of the cooperation between the two parties in the following points:
The implementation of training programs in agriculture, livestock farming and, later on, in fisheries, with the coordination of the two institutions;
the utilization of the two milk and olive oil laboratories located on the island of Lesvos; and
the continuation and renewal of the contract for the development of the Region's program with the Agricultural University of Athens, for the certification of the Region's PDO and PGI products and the establishment of files for at least 10 products from all the islands of the North Aegean.
Enhancing the value of local products and farmers
"We are joining forces to offer substantial assistance to the farmers of our Region, since, according to surveys, only 3.6% in Greece and 24.8% in Europe have the relevant training to perform well in their profession", stressed the Regional Governor, underlining "we must create a 'hive' of knowledge and training of farmers on the islands, with the ultimate goal of improving production and the utilization of the potential of each farmer and their property".
The President of ELGO stressed that "within two months there will be a more detailed master plan, for the utilization of the Region's products through certification, the utilization of the two, milk and olive oil, laboratories and the implementation of training programs, while the seminars on beekeeping by the Ministry of Rural Development & Food are still in progress".
Mr Haroutounian also referred to "the implementation of a program by the Agricultural University of Athens, especially regarding products that can be produced in NATURA-designated areas and in facilities within these areas and the granting of a specific identification mark highlighting them as special and unique".
Agricultural University of Athens
ELGO-Demeter
Ministry of Rural Development & Food
PDO Products
Region of North Aegean
H. Theoharis: Greek tourism is about people, values & experiences
Economy July 23, 2021
The F&B industry reunites at FOOD EXPO 2022
Nikolas Strangas: From the sweet life to bio gyros
Features February 12, 2021


text:
NEW PUBLICATION: Geologic Hazards of the Moab Quadrangle, Grand County, Utah
June 25, 2018 /in NEW PUBLICATIONS /by Utah Geological Survey
by Jessica J. Castleton, Ben A. Erickson, and Emily J. Kleber
The Moab quadrangle is located in the south-central portion of Grand County, Utah. Currently, the area is experiencing rapid development and population growth, that is expected to continue for the foreseeable future. As urbanization expands into areas less suited for development, geologic hazards become of increasing concern in the planning, design, and construction of new facilities and infrastructure. This geologic-hazard investigation of the Moab quadrangle incorporates available geologic, hydrologic, soil, and geotechnical information to identify where geologic hazards may exist, and where detailed, site-specific, geotechnical/geologic-hazard investigations are necessary to protect health, welfare, and safety. This study provides maps and information for 13 geologic hazards: shallow groundwater, salt tectonics-related ground deformation, flooding, landsliding, rockfall, radon gas potential, collapsible soil, expansive soil and rock, corrosive soil and rock, soluble soil and rock, piping and erosion, wind-blown sand, and shallow bedrock. The maps are an aid for general planning to indicate where site-specific geotechnical/geologic-hazard investigations are necessary. The accompanying report describes the hazards and provides background information on data sources and the nature and distribution of hazards and potential mitigation measures.
https://geology.utah.gov/wp-content/uploads/ugs-logo-large.png 0 0 Utah Geological Survey https://geology.utah.gov/wp-content/uploads/ugs-logo-large.png Utah Geological Survey2018-06-25 16:32:302018-06-25 16:32:30NEW PUBLICATION: Geologic Hazards of the Moab Quadrangle, Grand County, Utah
POTD October 11, 2017: Poison Spider Mesa, Grand County
October 11, 2017 /in Photo of the Day /by Utah Geological Survey
Poison Spider Mesa, Grand County
Photographer: Ben Erickson © 2017
Located along the Colorado River near Moab, Longbow Arch is an example of the delicate beauty of wind-sculpted rock. The arch spans 60 feet in the Jurassic-age Navajo Sandstone.
https://geology.utah.gov/wp-content/uploads/ugs-logo-large.png 0 0 Utah Geological Survey https://geology.utah.gov/wp-content/uploads/ugs-logo-large.png Utah Geological Survey2017-10-11 10:53:042017-10-11 10:53:04POTD October 11, 2017: Poison Spider Mesa, Grand County
POTD February 28, 2017
February 28, 2017 /in Photo of the Day /by Utah Geological Survey
View east from Jackson Bottom along the Colorado River, Grand County.
Photographer: Brian Butler © 2017
https://geology.utah.gov/wp-content/uploads/ugs-logo-large.png 0 0 Utah Geological Survey https://geology.utah.gov/wp-content/uploads/ugs-logo-large.png Utah Geological Survey2017-02-28 06:57:432017-02-28 06:57:43POTD February 28, 2017
POTD September 6, 2016
September 6, 2016 /in Photo of the Day /by Utah Geological Survey
Along the Colorado River, Grand County
Photographer: Ryhan Sempler © 2016
https://geology.utah.gov/wp-content/uploads/ugs-logo-large.png 0 0 Utah Geological Survey https://geology.utah.gov/wp-content/uploads/ugs-logo-large.png Utah Geological Survey2016-09-06 09:31:132016-09-06 09:31:13POTD September 6, 2016
POTD August 31, 2016: Arches National Park, Grand County
August 31, 2016 /in Photo of the Day /by Utah Geological Survey
Arches National Park, Grand County
Photographer: Gregg Beukelman © 2016
Early morning light provides a glow to one of the Courthouse Towers, an erosional remnant of a fin composed of vertically jointed Jurassic-age Slick Rock Member of the Entrada Sandstone.
https://geology.utah.gov/wp-content/uploads/ugs-logo-large.png 0 0 Utah Geological Survey https://geology.utah.gov/wp-content/uploads/ugs-logo-large.png Utah Geological Survey2016-08-31 09:11:302016-08-31 09:11:30POTD August 31, 2016: Arches National Park, Grand County
POTD March 23, 2016: Delicate Arch, Arches National Park, Grand County, Utah
March 23, 2016 /in Photo of the Day /by Utah Geological Survey
Delicate Arch, Arches National Park, Grand County, Utah
Photographer: Marshall Robinson; © 2015
Delicate Arch, a 65-foot-tall natural arch in Arches National Park, Grand County, is composed of Jurassic-age sandstone including the Slick Rock Member of the Entrada Sandstone (base and pedestals) and Moab Member of the Curtis Formation (bridge).
https://geology.utah.gov/wp-content/uploads/3-22-16.jpg 600 1156 Utah Geological Survey https://geology.utah.gov/wp-content/uploads/ugs-logo-large.png Utah Geological Survey2016-03-23 14:19:452016-08-10 16:34:52POTD March 23, 2016: Delicate Arch, Arches National Park, Grand County, Utah
POTD October 27, 2015: Cane Creek anticline and the Colorado River, Grand County, Utah
October 27, 2015 /in Photo of the Day, Uncategorized /by Utah Geological Survey
A view to drink in over your lunch time daydream.
Cane Creek anticline and the Colorado River, Grand County, Utah
Photographer: Rebekah Stimpson; © 2015
https://geology.utah.gov/wp-content/uploads/10-27-15.jpg 600 800 Utah Geological Survey https://geology.utah.gov/wp-content/uploads/ugs-logo-large.png Utah Geological Survey2015-10-27 13:05:002016-08-10 16:35:04POTD October 27, 2015: Cane Creek anticline and the Colorado River, Grand County, Utah
New Moab museum to feature dinosaur footprints, 'paleo-aquarium'
June 15, 2015 /in DINOSAURS, Videos /by John Good
ksl.com
With the summer blockbuster "Jurassic World" opening in theaters, there's plenty of opportunity to be entertained — or frightened — by dinosaurs.
https://geology.utah.gov/wp-content/uploads/ugs-logo-large.png 0 0 John Good https://geology.utah.gov/wp-content/uploads/ugs-logo-large.png John Good2015-06-15 16:40:242016-08-10 16:36:17New Moab museum to feature dinosaur footprints, 'paleo-aquarium'
POTD June 15, 2015: Delicate Arch, Arches National Park, Grand County, Utah
June 9, 2015 /in Photo of the Day /by Utah Geological Survey
We had to turn our air conditioning on this weekend—it's getting hot! Cool down with this photo while we thaw out our spectacular Utah Geology.
Photographer: Sonja Heuscher; © 2014
https://geology.utah.gov/wp-content/uploads/6-2-15.jpg 600 900 Utah Geological Survey https://geology.utah.gov/wp-content/uploads/ugs-logo-large.png Utah Geological Survey2015-06-09 10:00:332016-08-10 16:36:17POTD June 15, 2015: Delicate Arch, Arches National Park, Grand County, Utah
POTD June 4, 2015: Arches National Park, Grand County, Utah
Arches National Park, Grand County, Utah
The view through North Window arch in The Windows Section of Arches National Park reveals snow-covered sandstone spires and fins of the Jurassic-age Entrada Sandstone. The spires and fins result from weathering and erosion along parallel fractures, or joints, in the rock.
https://geology.utah.gov/wp-content/uploads/5_26_15.jpg 600 900 Utah Geological Survey https://geology.utah.gov/wp-content/uploads/ugs-logo-large.png Utah Geological Survey2015-06-02 10:00:222016-08-10 16:36:18POTD June 4, 2015: Arches National Park, Grand County, Utah


text:
/*
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 *
 */
package com.rometools.rome.unittest;

import java.util.Date;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Locale;

import com.rometools.rome.feed.module.DCModule;
import com.rometools.rome.feed.synd.SyndEntry;
import com.rometools.rome.io.impl.DateParser;

/**
 * Test case for the multi-valued DublinCore module elements.
 */
public class TestSyndFeedRSS10DCMulti extends TestSyndFeedRSS10 {

    public TestSyndFeedRSS10DCMulti() {
        super("rss_1.0", "rss_1.0_DC_multi.xml");
    }

    protected TestSyndFeedRSS10DCMulti(final String type) {
        super(type);
    }

    protected TestSyndFeedRSS10DCMulti(final String feedType, final String feedFileName) {
        super(feedType, feedFileName);
    }

    public void testChannelDCModule() throws Exception {
        final DCModule dc = (DCModule) this.getCachedSyndFeed().getModule(DCModule.URI);
        testDCModule(dc, "channel.");
    }

    protected void testDCModule(final DCModule dc, final String prefix) throws Exception {
        assertNotNull(dc);

        assertProperty(dc.getTitles().get(0), prefix + "dc:title[0]");
        assertProperty(dc.getTitles().get(1), prefix + "dc:title[1]");

        assertProperty(dc.getCreators().get(0), prefix + "dc:creator[0]");
        assertProperty(dc.getCreators().get(1), prefix + "dc:creator[1]");

        assertProperty(dc.getSubjects().get(0).getValue(), prefix + "dc:subject[0]");
        final String taxo0 = dc.getSubjects().get(0).getTaxonomyUri();
        if (taxo0 != null) {
            assertProperty(taxo0, prefix + "dc:subject[0].taxo:topic^resource");
        }
        assertProperty(dc.getSubjects().get(1).getValue(), prefix + "dc:subject[1]");
        final String taxo1 = dc.getSubjects().get(1).getTaxonomyUri();
        if (taxo1 != null) {
            assertProperty(taxo1, prefix + "dc:subject[1].taxo:topic^resource");
        }

        assertProperty(dc.getDescriptions().get(0), prefix + "dc:description[0]");
        assertProperty(dc.getDescriptions().get(1), prefix + "dc:description[1]");

        assertProperty(dc.getPublishers().get(0), prefix + "dc:publisher[0]");
        assertProperty(dc.getPublishers().get(1), prefix + "dc:publisher[1]");

        assertProperty(dc.getContributors().get(0), prefix + "dc:contributor[0]");
        assertProperty(dc.getContributors().get(1), prefix + "dc:contributor[1]");
        final Date date = DateParser.parseW3CDateTime("2001-01-01T00:00+00:00", Locale.US);
        assertEquals(dc.getDates().get(0), date);
        assertEquals(dc.getDates().get(1), date);

        assertProperty(dc.getTypes().get(0), prefix + "dc:type[0]");
        assertProperty(dc.getTypes().get(1), prefix + "dc:type[1]");

        assertProperty(dc.getFormats().get(0), prefix + "dc:format[0]");
        assertProperty(dc.getFormats().get(1), prefix + "dc:format[1]");

        assertProperty(dc.getIdentifiers().get(0), prefix + "dc:identifier[0]");
        assertProperty(dc.getIdentifiers().get(1), prefix + "dc:identifier[1]");

        assertProperty(dc.getSources().get(0), prefix + "dc:source[0]");
        assertProperty(dc.getSources().get(1), prefix + "dc:source[1]");

        assertProperty(dc.getLanguages().get(0), prefix + "dc:language[0]");
        assertProperty(dc.getLanguages().get(1), prefix + "dc:language[1]");

        assertProperty(dc.getRelations().get(0), prefix + "dc:relation[0]");
        assertProperty(dc.getRelations().get(1), prefix + "dc:relation[1]");

        assertProperty(dc.getCoverages().get(0), prefix + "dc:coverage[0]");
        assertProperty(dc.getCoverages().get(1), prefix + "dc:coverage[1]");

        assertProperty(dc.getRightsList().get(0), prefix + "dc:rights[0]");
        assertProperty(dc.getRightsList().get(1), prefix + "dc:rights[1]");
    }

    public void testItemsDCModule() throws Exception {
        testItemDCModule(0);
        testItemDCModule(1);
    }

    protected void testItemDCModule(final int i) throws Exception {
        final List<SyndEntry> entries = this.getCachedSyndFeed().getEntries();
        final SyndEntry entry = entries.get(i);
        final DCModule dc = (DCModule) entry.getModule(DCModule.URI);
        testDCModule(dc, "item[" + i + "].");
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Teen nails import trade, moves onto property market
TEEN TYCOON: Will Deeth, 15, made $70,000 from selling toys over the Christmas period. Nev Madsen
by CharlotteLam
Charlotte Lam
7th Jan 2017 5:00 AM | Updated: 7:00 AM
AFTER a successful festive season selling toys, Highfields teenager Will Deeth will put a deposit on his first home next year at just 16.
The entrepreneurial teen, who was selling toys at a pop-up shop in Grand Central, was on track to make $100,000 by Christmas.
However, Will said slow trading during the Christmas week meant he only made $70,000.
"Of course that's still something I'm extremely happy with," he said.
It was seven times more the amount he made at Christmas in 2015, when he racked in $10,000 from pop-up shops at PCYC markets and shopping centres.
The 15-year-old got an early start into the importing trade with his parents running I Will Import, previously known as China Purchasing Consultants.
The family buys direct from factories and wholesalers in China.
"I think I want to buy a house in Toowoomba or buy a block of land and build three duplexes on it," Will said.
"The house would probably have to go in my parents' names but I would pay if off. We still have to work out all those details.
"I think I'd like to rent it out so I can get into the property market."
The Toowoomba Christian College student already has a business coach and plans to travel to China at least twice this year.
He will study a robotics subject in school this year and might like to study engineering at university if the life of a high-flying importer ever gets old.
china editors picks highfields importing toowoomba