text:
On the 25th Day of Christmas. . .
. . .my true love gave to me. . .the Hippest Christmas Single Ever?
"Christmas is Here" by Joe Valino (more) and. . . jazz's Richie Kamuca on ts.
Is there a case for this being the hippest Christmas single ever ? i.e., the quite fine (but mostly unknown) Valino and the great Kamuca paired up on a not-at-all-bad Christmas side on an early 1950s, totally recherche Philly record label.
. . . my true love gave to me a link to Don Charles' Singing Dogs. (Who the hell WAS Don Charles anyway?)
video by A. Warhol
click twice on image for full screen
Ohhhhhh. . .Kay?
Singer Kay Penton, is by far the most difficult whatever-happened-to? personage that I've ever tried to trace. (They don't call me the "Diva Detective" in Japan for nothin.' ) You wouldn't think that this would be the case at all. Penton immediately followed my good friend Jane Harvey into the Benny Goodman band as the "girl singer" in 1945, but Jane knew absolutely zip about her. Just the name. And Penton made a fair number of recordings with the memorable jazz arranger and composer Tadd ("If You Could See Me Now") Dameron, but the musician's biographer Ian McDonald wrote to me that every attempt on his part to unearth even the slightest bit of biographical information about the singer found him coming up empty-handed. Searching through various old newspaper archives and the show biz publication, Billboard, I came across a number of reviews of Penton, starting in the early 1940s, but the only truly substantial item I uncovered was one that appeared in Dorothy Kilgallen's column in 1953 to the effect that Penton was keeping company with none other than (gasp) Dominican Republic dictator Rafael Trujillo, i.e. El Jefe, aka The Boss, whose three-decade reign (1930-1961) in that nation is recalled as being one of the bloodiest of the 20th Century. Shortly after that, Penton disappears from sight. Dunh-dunh-dunnnnn!
As far as Kay's recording career is concerned, aside from her stint with Goodman, the musical associations of Penton, a Caucasian, were nearly all African-American, including, besides Dameron, Teddy Wilson, Fats Navarro and Miles Davis. To say that this was highly unusual for those especially racially troubled times (circa 1945 - 1955) is an understatement of the first degree. It simply was not done! There might have been some other exceptions with other white, female singers, but certainly not to this extent. It is also curious that Penton was among the very first pactees Capitol Records signed when it was founded in 1942, and slated to originally be known as Victory Records. But if she ever recorded for the label, I have not been able unearth any sides. (The singer did eventually make some sides with a Tadd Dameron and Miles Davis for the label in 1949.)
Nothing about Penton, under her stage moniker, shows up in the SSI death index, nor does any obit appear in any U.S. newspaper under that name. Nor are there any photos of her on the internet. If Penton is still alive, she would probably be in her late eighties. I gotta confess, this one really has me stumped.
To the best of my knowledge, here is is Penton's complete discography. Consisting of 19 recorded sides and two film Soundies.
There's No Ceiling on Love w/ Guy Lombardo duet w/ Billy Leach Decca
People Will Say We're in Love w/ Guy Lombarda duet w/ Billy Leach
Hip Hip Hooray w/ Henry Nemo, Soundie (1943)
What Good is Love Soundie (1943)
June is Bustin' Out All Over w/ Benny Goodman, Columbia (1945)
Ain't Misbehavin' w/ Benny Goodman, Columbia (1945)
Yesterdays V Disc 720A (1947)
That Someone Must Be You, w/ Fats Navarro Savoy (1947)
Gone with the Wind w/ Fats Navarro, Savoy (1947)
I Think I'll Go Away Kay, w/ Tadd Dameron, V-Disc 794 (1947)
Don't Mention Love to Me w/ Tadd Dameron, V-Disc 794 (1947)
As Time Goes By w/ Teddy Wilson Musicraft 580 1947
Isn't it Romantic / Teddy Wilson, Musicraft (1947)
These Foolish Things w/ Teddy Wilson, Musicraft 1947
Something I Dreamed Last Night w/ Teddy Wilson, Musicraft (1947)
That Someone Must Be You w/ Fats Navarro, Savoy (1947)
What's New - w/ Tadd Dameron, Miles Davis, 4/21/49
Heaven's Doors are Open Wide w/ Tadd Dameron, Capitol (1949)
Plaything b/w Why (not Penton) Dana 100 (1950)
A New Town is a Blue Town - Mercury 70379 (1954)
I Was Meant for You - Mercury 70379 (1954)
Why Don't You Be Good - Mercury 70418 (1954)
That's You My Love - Mercury 70418 (1954)
Every Man Needs a Gal in His Corner / Hot Rod Heaven - Samson 888 (1955)
Was she any good? I think so. Very! But why don't you be the judge?
Update 11/29: Here's a link to Penton's Isn't it Romantic w/Teddy Wilson (Thanks, Daniel)
Any other links out there?
POSTSCRIPT 5/25/11
Have unearthed a bit more info about Penton.
She was born in New Orleans in 1924 and began singing publicly at the age of five. There are a couple of articles in the New Orleans Times Picayune (4/15/40 & 3/4/42). I have not been able to access the articles, but only references to them in an archive index). Her first gig as a band singer was with Guy Lombardo (Louis Armstrong's favorite big band. . .seriously) in 1943, and by 1944 she already had her own Friday night radio show on CBS. One article about her at this time deemed her the "prettiest girl in radio" (radio. . .did it really matter?) and stated that three movie studios were courting her for a screen test. There is, however, no info on the net that these ever came to pass. In 1947, in Miami, FL, she married "textile magnate" Lou Bolton; the marriage, though, was annulled less than a month later. Somewhere along the way, she also dated John Hertz, the ex-spouse of Myrna Loy. Yes! John Hertz of the Rent-a-Car operation. Factor in her relationship with Dominican Republic dictator Rafael Trujillo (see above) along with this romantic factoid and you have to admit the gal really got around.
Has anyone who was so high profile for so many years ever fallen so far below radar? Thirty years old. . .over and out. There's still not even a single photo of her on the internet. I now know that if she were alive today, she'd be 87.
Leslie Nielsen R.I.P.
For the S.F. Examiner, in 1988 I interviewed Nielsen on the occasion of the big screen release of Naked Gun. As highly respected a prankster as he was a comic actor, without thinking of the possible consequences, I asked him some question or other that included the word farceur. And without missing so much as a beat, he feigned cutting the cheese with the omni-present whoopee cushion he always carried with him. Blaaaaat. Now that's fast!
This was the same press junket where I was instructed by the film's publicist that under no circumstances was I to ask Priscilla Presley any questions whatsover about either the pre-carb or post- carb Elvi. This was Priscilla's film debut and so there was not much of an ouevre to chat about. But I had a last minute inspiration almost as quick-minded as Nielsen's (above). "Ms. Presley," I said, "I realize I'm not supposed to ask you questions about your former husband. But if I COULD, what question wouldn't you mind answering?" That broke the ice. She gave out with a charming laugh and then proceded to talk almost exclusively about Elvis, when she wasn't otherwise engaged plugging Naked Gun. All the while, the publicist fuming immediately to my right.
Upon his passing, U.K. actor/comedian Russell Brand remarked yesterday "Shirley, he will be missed" (as in "Don't call me Shirley."
I wonder if Nielsen will be buried with his beloved whoopee cushion?
. . . my true love gave to me this long out-of-print Charles Brown LP featuring his upteenth remake of his classic "Merry Christmas Baby."
Coming Home to Mama for Christmas
Peace at Christmas
What a Christmas for Me
No Friend This Christmas
You Make Christmas Merry for Me
Santa Claus Remember Me
Going Home for Christmas
Jane Harvey in the WSJ
Stephen Sondheim 80th Birthday Celebration
by Will Friedwald
It's a minority opinion, but I'll stand by it: The music of Stephen Sondheim is possibly even more noteworthy than his justly celebrated lyrics. This concert, featuring the New York Pops, promises to be the rare event that puts the spotlight on the melodies rather than the texts; while there will be three vocal soloists (Kate Baldwin, Aaron Lazar and Christiane Noll) and a choir, the real attraction will be to hear Mr. Sondheim's amazing music feted by a full symphony-sized orchestra. For those who prefer a more intimate, but nonetheless different, side of Sondheim, the jazz-oriented "Jane Harvey Sings Sondheim" has just been reissued. More than any other singer, Ms. Harvey shows that his songs can not only stand on their own without the shows they were written for, but that even such wordy musical monologues as "I'm Still Here" and "Could I Leave You" can actually swing.
Available at amazon.com at a typically hefty price for Japanese imports, but worth every penny of it.
. . .my true love gave to me this funky $800.00 collectible LP.
. . .my true love gave to me A Kuklapolitan Christmas.
On the 31st Day of Christmas. . .
. . .my true love sent to me part one of Stan Freberg's Chrismas Dragnet
On the 32nd Day of Christmas. . .
. . .my true love gave to me, part 2 of a Dragnet Christmas (see below for pt. 1)
On the 33rd Day of Christmas. . .
. . .my true love gave to me this old RCA ep. (Part one.)
On the 34th Day of Chritmas. . .
. . .my true love sent to me a link to this charming rendition of Japan's most popular holiday song, Tatsuro Yamashita's Christmas Eve. Here, it is sung by Youtube uke star, Keonepax
Click on image twice for full screen
My "think piece" for the year. . .
. . .written on the occasion of a new Quincy Jones CD: yet another tiresome pairing of elements from much "better" music combined with the inchoate, indistinct brayings of so-called rap artistes such as---I refuse to call them anything other than---Calvin Broadus and Christopher Brian Bridges. (Sorry, ahem, but the title of the damn album seems to've escaped me for the nonce.)
The 30 year crusade of "Q" (as those near and dear to Jones---all ten thousand of 'em) to lend a patina of respectability to c(rap) and other forms of music Kultural Kriminalism has done more harm to the cause of actual "good" pop and jazz music than the actions of any other professional in the history of the art form. Plus, ferkrisakes, he founded Vibe ragazine, a periodical solely devoted to promoting the cause of musical brain rot, i.e. rap and "hop (ain't) hip" (vide John Wood).
The truth is, most of Jones' "better" jazz charts from the before time were done by uncredited others. Think Billy Byers, Oliver Nelson et al. However, to give credit where it's due, I really do like Jones' arrangements for Leslie Gore (It's My Party, Judy's Turn to Cry, etc.). . .if he actually did write them. Good, fun disposible musical brain candy. And, really, some of the Michael Jackson stuff that Jones produced isn't all that bad.
It's not that Jones is necessarily a BAD jazz arranger, but allegedly (no names puh-leese) he works so slowly that he really isn't all that cost effective. On the other hand, Jones' ghost arrangers could do this stuff in their sleep. Much more important to those who use Jones' services is that he is "branded" to the max. And that's mostly what his buyers are paying (if I might end this sentence with a preposition) for.
To reiterate, Jones' IT'S ALLLLLL GOODDDD musical aesthetic has had an incalcuably deleterious impact on American non-classical music. After, some years back, he began to deem hip-hop and rap capital "A" capital "R"capital "T," it's been downhill all the way. Even disco is slightly more bearable than the junque that mid-to-late career Jones has trafficked in. I'll even take the likes of Donna Summer over Curtis James Jackson III any day.
I never let an opportunity go by if I can find an excuse to quote the late, great drummer Max Roach (and IMHO a far greater musician than Quincy Jones) on the subject of rap, and this seems just like one of those times: to wit, "Those who voted for defunding of music education programs in public schools are getting what they paid for."
I could go on and on and on. . ..
Break out the champagne. . .
. . .or booze. Today would've been the 85th birthday of June Chiristy. Here's an entry on her from my book, A Fine Romance: My Lifelong Affair with Jazz Singing and Singers.
I know this is going to sound heretical, but I even like June Christy's deeply-flawed last album, Impromptu (1977) better than Something Broadway, Something Latin (1965), her last contractual effort for the House That (Johnny) Mercer built. There are several very ricky-tick tracks on the latter, and the very best cuts on it are by far the most pop-ish things she ever recorded. The first time I heard SBSL, I sensed that the word had come down from on high to either sell out or get out. This was the clearly the result of the label's all-out push to switch over to the new British Invasion and surf music that was selling in "units" never dreamed of just a few years earlier in the heyday of June and her debut best-seller, 1955's Something Cool, which by 1956 had sold a whopping 93,000 copies (amazing or the times). In other words, SBSL is for diehard completists only. What a wonderful label Capitol had been up to this point in time: exemplified by a very crisp, commercial style of jazz recording. Intelligent compromise of the highest order, if you will. "Compromise" in the sense that, for example, Capitol jazz artists were not noted for "stretching out." Much of their material was in and out in three minutes flat. Also, not a label to turn to for the experimental in music. Perhaps, for these reasons and others,that's why so much of the mid-fifties-to-mid-sixties output of Capitol still sounds so good today: Peggy Lee, Nat Cole, Dakota Staton, Frank Sinatra, George Shearing, Louis and Keely, Ann Richards, Nancy Wilson, June Christy, Stan Kenton, The Four Freshmen et al. all under contract at the same time. (Not to mention master parodist Stan Freberg!) The mind reels!
Beginning Sunday, The 35 Days of Christmas
Ask and ye shall. . .
Here's commentary on the above Jeri Sullavan Soundie from the WeirdWildRealm website:
"Though copyrighted in 1945, this Jeri Sullavan soundie Memphis Blues was filmed in 1942. Jeri was a big band singer of merit, & in A Song is Born (1947) when you see actress Virginia Mayo singing, that's actually Jeri Sullavan's voice; & in Love that Brute (1950) you're hearing Jeri while Jean Peters appears to be singing.
For Memphis Blues she proves herself a good basic swing vocalist, praiseworthy even if not unique. The setting for this soundie is a run-down little club.
A clarinet player is seated nearby. A cigarette hangs from the pianist's lips. The camera pans across the small audience at tables & finds Jeri singing from the opposite side of the small club, away from the musicians, leaning on the bar much as did Bessie Smith in St. Louis Blues (1929), which was in fact directed by this little soundie's director!
The number commemorates W. C. Handy's blues compositions, but Jeri's not singing one of Handy's songs. With little dubious romanticisms, the lyric runs in part:
"I never will forget the tune that Handy called the Memphis Blues/ That melancholy strain/ That ever haunting refrain/ Is like a darky moaning a song..." It's just a mite too precious to praise more than a little.
This soundie was included in the one-reel home-movie Sophisticated Gals (1947) together with Grace Barrie singing Nobody Makes a Pass at Me (1942) & Jeni Freeland singing I'm a Big Girl Now (1946)."
In fact, that IS Handy's lyric. One of his most famous ones at that. Not bad for such an allegedly "precious" piece of songsmithery.
Happy Birthday, Honey. . .I Mean Jeri
There is no "Honey Swanson." What you have here is the moving image of Virginia Mayo; the ghostesSING of the terrific but nonetheless obscure Jeri Sullavan, backed by the Page Cavanaugh trio from a certain movie of the late 1940s (you do the "math"). The song is "Daddy-O" by the wonderful team of Don Raye and Gene De Paul. But Sullivan's real claim to fame is that she co-wrote Andrews Sisters anthem Rum and Coca-Cola. If she were still alive today on her birthday, she'd be collecting royalties on the song at the grand old age of 86.
It's K.T's Natal Occasion
I'll celebrate by wearing my Think Pink socks and by visiting here: http://kaythompsonwebsite.com/
Bill, the Shill
Denzal Sinclaire
Click image twice for full screen
Yet another great, young Canadian jazz singer. Must be something in the water.
Close Harmony
I came across this still-timely article while perusing an old desk drawer full of Des Moines Registers this morning (I'm lying. I googled it on the net). It's from 2008.
by Tom Longden
Before Andy Williams sang solo, he performed with his three older brothers. The Williams Brothers quartet delighted audiences wherever it went.
The boys with the remarkable harmony were born in Wall Lake, then settled in Des Moines before moving to Chicago, Cincinnati and Los Angeles on their journey to fame.
They were the sons of Jay and Florence Williams, and they got their start by singing in a choir at the Presbyterian Church in Wall Lake. When Bob was 14 and Don was 11, they could already envision themselves as a quartet, just as soon as smaller brothers Dick, 8, and Andy, 6, were older.
Why not?" said their dad, a railroad mail clerk. "It's up to you boys. Whatever you want to do, start now, build yourselves up and don't quit until you succeed."
Moving to Des Moines about a year later, the family lived at 3015 Kingman Blvd.
Singing on Des Moines radio, Don Williams recalls today, "We worked so hard. We had a show every morning at 8 a.m. on WHO, and on Saturday we were on the 'Barn Dance.' Sometimes we even had a Sunday show, and we practiced five hours daily."
He adds: "Our voices were quite similar, but Andy sang the top, with Bob below him, then me, singing bass to tenor, and Dick."
The singing parts tended to change as the boys matured into young men.
It was mid-July 1940 when the family packed up its belongings for the move to Chicago and "the break of a lifetime" - a year's contract with radio station WLS. The boys were told they would sing as a quartet but also have the chance to perform solos and duets on the air.
From Chicago, the singing act and their parents moved to Cincinnati. The boys performed on radio station WLW before they set off for Hollywood for a chance at the movies.
In Los Angeles, the boys made their first professional recording, singing with Bing Crosby on the award-winning hit "Swinging on a Star" (1944).
The Williams Brothers had been signed by MGM, but the studio loaned the group out for specialty numbers in movies produced at Warners, RKO and Republic studios. They included "Janie" and "Kansas City Kitty," both in 1944, and "Ladies' Man" in 1947, the same year the quartet appeared with singing star Deanna Durbin in "Something in the Wind." In that movie they first join Donald O'Connor in "The Turntable Song" and slide into the romantic title song with Durbin.
It was at MGM where the Williams boys met one-of-a-kind singer-actress- comedienne Kay Thompson, who told them, "Let's do an act," Don Williams says today. Thompson was then a vocal coach/vocal arranger at MGM.
Don Williams says the act was so packed with entertainment that it was exhausting.
"We rehearsed eight hours a day for three months just to get one hour's worth of material," he says. "We didn't just stand and sing."
In addition to singing ("I Love a Violin," "Clap Your Hands," "Jubilee Time" and "Hello, Hello," among others) the brothers danced and did vignettes with Thompson, who did all the musical arrangements. Top-ranked Bob Alton of MGM did the choreography.
"It was a very popular act," Don Williams says, and drew crowds wherever it played across the nation and overseas. In New York City, legendary columnist Walter Winchell "loved us," Williams says. "He was very taken with the act. He wrote about it every day, or at least it seemed he did."
When the act ended its successful run in 1953, the brothers went their own ways to develop their own solo acts.
Don Williams returned to Los Angeles, where he says he found work on TV, "formed a couple of acts, sang on the Eddie Fisher and Nat King Cole television shows, sang commercials of all kinds" and later opened the then-brand-new Tropicana Hotel in Las Vegas, performing there for two years.
He subsequently became an agent and manager, retiring 20 years ago.
Dick Williams landed on Broadway, says Don, but today lives in Los Angeles, and is still singing as well as writing and conducting.
Andy launched his own spectacular career in New York and is still going strong - at 81 as of Dec. 3 - by performing at his Moon River Theater in Branson, Mo.
Brother Bob, Don says, "got out of the business," joining the boys' father in real estate ventures. Bob is now deceased, as is sister Jane.
Don Williams, 86, and his wife, Jeanne, live in Branson, close to Andy. The brothers also have homes in Palm Springs, where they spend winters.
When Andy Williams had his popular network television show, all of the brothers continued to perform with him on his yearly Christmas specials. "We did about 10 of those," Don says.
Andy, with Don, Dick and sister Jane, visited Wall Lake in 1998 for the dedication of the Williams family home as a historic site and tourist attraction.
Late 1940s w/ Thompson
Dick Williams w/ Kay Thompson author Sam Irvin, last Wednesday night
photo by Stephen Myers
Irvin's book is a wonder. The product of more than ten years of research and writing, and it shows (in a good way). One of the very best show biz books I've ever read, and believe you me, I read more than my share, including (!) Jimmy Savo's Little World, Hello. (Top that!) Kay Thompson is unquestionably the greatest American artist (extracategorically) whom almost no one seems to know. For starters, there probably wouldn't have been a Four Freshmen and the Hi-Lo's were it not for Thompson. Nor a Liza Minnelli. (Welllll.....) Despite all the many years of contributions to various fields of artistry, Kay somehow failed to become "branded." Even most of the soigne, louche sorts I tend to hang out with don't seem to know who she is. "You know, Eloise." "Duh, oh yeah." Let's hope Irvin's book changes all that.
My collection of previously published liner notes, magazine and newspaper articles, etc. related to practitioners of American Popular Song, entitled A Fine Romance: My Lifelong Affair with Jazz Singing and Singers, was to have hit the stalls this fall. But the tentative publisher was moving at such a slow pace that I've decided---what the hell---to e-book it. There are only a handful of books out there related to the subject, most notably two very fine collections by Will Friedwald. But there really should be more. Many more. This is my modest gesture to help address that scarcity.
http://www.scribd.com/doc/18644342/A-Fine-Romance-My-Lifelong-Affair-With-Jazz-Singing-and-Singers#scribd
PS: There's at least another book's worth of material stashed away where this one came from.
Posted by Bill Reed at 8:34 AM 14 comments:
Mister First Nighter and His Nano
Great fun Wednesday night at L.A.'s Book Soup with Sam Irvin reading from his new bio of "Kay Thompson." Ran out of memory on my IPod Nano at just the juncture where he introduces Evelyn Rudie in the audience. (If you don't know who Rudie is, then you probably shouldn't even bother to be viewing this in the first place.) Other notables in attendance included Dick Williams (of the Wms Bros), great singer Bea Wain (aka Mrs. Andre Baruch) and "The Other" Ray Charles. Don't bother to phone me today. I'll have my nose stuck in Irvin's book.
Doc's Poetry Corner; or A Manifesto
STRAIGHT TONES
by Sue Raney
Whatever happened to straight tones?
The kind that end in Good Pitch
Sometimes with a warm vibrato
Beautiful, Tuneful and Rich
Where the word brings a glow to the music
Not running around for the note
When the singer phrases the story
And sings what the songriter wrote
I can walk in the mall or the market
And hear the songs of today
There's hardly a time or a moment
I don't wish I could just run away
It screams in my ears with a vengeance
Like some cat caught high on a fence
And the notes in between and the endings
Falter around with no sense
Was it Rap, "the Hood" or old Woodstock
That evolved the song to this place
Where the singers sing every note
Like they're on some search or a chase
My grapes are not sour---they've always been sweet
But I can't understand what went wrong
The straight tone is suddenly so obsolete
And that's how they all sing a song
But one day this trend will be over
And some new superstars will arrive
And bring back the true art of singing
Beautiful Music alive
HURRY!!!!!
Kurt Reichenbach is one busy, busy guy
Click image twice to view full page


If I were a deep sea mermaid, I'd have a pet fish. And I'd pet it!
Hi Laura, I'd really love to obtain a high resolution copy of Pettin da Fish, to make a feature wall in my bathroom (on printed glass, approx 2.8m H x 2.4m W). I simply love this image and thought she would look absolutley amazing gazing over the bath etc. Are you able to get in touch with me please, love your work.
Hi there – I'll be contacting you via email shortly. Thanks!
Hi, Laura. It's absolutely amazing art work! I will be honest if I may use it in my house design. Is it possible to get it in high resolution?


text:
Manchin Body Slams Biden and Refuses to Support Filibuster Destruction
Joe Biden is living on top of the world as he destroys the very country that he calls home. He thinks that there is nothing that he cannot do. The last few blockades that he has to overcome are in his sights. But Joe Manchin is the silent powerhouse that is keeping Biden from being able to overreach his authority. Manchin is the sole force keeping Biden from destroying the Senate filibuster.
Manchin is a Democrat that sits as close as a liberal can get to the Republican Party without crossing over. He favors Democratic ideals but has a sense of loyalty to American principals. Biden needs to destroy the filibuster so he and his socialist allies can pass every part of their agenda without needing Manchin's vote.
He gave Biden a body slam he will never forget when he told Dana Bash that he will not support Biden and is an attempt to "blow up" the filibuster. The safeguard that was put in place years ago gives the minority an edge they need to keep one political party from mowing them over.
Manchin was very clear when he stated that "I am not going to be part of blowing up this Senate of ours or basically this democracy of ours or the republic that we have," Manchin said, referring to the Democratic push to eliminate the filibuster. "If we have a 51-vote threshold in the Senate, the same as the House–the House wasn't designed to be partisan."
Biden is going to have to find another way to cheat at being president. He will have to learn how to work with people and listen to what the people really want. The president is supposed to work for the people. But Biden has it in his deteriorating brain that the people work for him.
Manchin stated that "The House was designed to be hot as a firecracker. We were designed to cool it off, and that's the Founding Fathers. It was a brilliant strategy they looked at, so why can't we try to make this work?"
The Founding Fathers expected future generators to work together and not destroy the new country with terrible political swings. Nancy Pelosi would love to expand her power. She sees herself as a lording dictator passing lopsided bills that do not represent the people that the House politicians are supposed to represent.
Manchin is standing by his word to not destroy the filibuster. This safeguard is designed to protect the country. That is one reason why Biden wants to kill it because it will hurt the country.
The Moderate stated that "The time has come to end these political games, and to usher a new era of bipartisanship where we find common ground on the major policy debates facing our nation."
Americans love their country and they do not want to see Biden or anyone else destroy the only place in the world where they can live free. Manchin told the country that "The filibuster is a critical tool to protecting that input and our democratic form of government. That is why I have said it before and will say it again to remove any shred of doubt: There is no circumstance in which I will vote to eliminate or weaken the filibuster."
And now that he has made his intentions clear, Manchin is even telling Biden he is going to keep him from passing a lot of the infrastructure bill that is critical to reforming America into a communist nation.
Biden has tried to redefine what constitutes infrastructure. Manchin is not going to have anything to do with telling people that a tree is a part of the infrastructure.
Biden's party is bent on harming the country. The Democratic Party has changed from wanting to keep American first to put it under the boot of the rest of the world.
The liberal party sees the Constitution as a form of racism. The filibuster is a reminder that the document exists, and it drives the lousy liberals crazy. They only hate the filibuster when they are in power. And when they do away with it now, they will later cry about it and want it back when the Republicans sweep the landscape.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


CLA (conjugated linoleic acid) is a specific fat and the richest source available derives from Safflower oil. The benefits of Pro-CLA may include reductions in body fat whilst helping to retain lean muscle tissue. Pro-CLA contains only the original patent-protected material and is provided as clear capsules, so that you may see that it is pure and devoid of any sediment. Pro-CLA is produced from Safflower oil and has over 80% total CLA content, the highest on the market, so that you may realise the scientifically-proven benefits of using the correct material. Pro-CLA Contains Conjugated Linoleic Acid (80%) - a polyunsaturated fat derived from safflower oil.


text:
Home Insurance in 38475 (Olivehill, TN)
^ Residents in 38475 paid average home insurance premiums of $692, based on overall Tennessee data. [1]
Home Insurance Providers in 38475 (Olivehill, TN)
^ Residents of Tennessee paid an average renters insurance premium of $195, ranking 15th in the U.S. [2]
Homeowners Insurance in 38475 (Olivehill, TN)
Tennessee residents collectively (all cities) paid average annual home insurance premiums of $692.
This average premium in TN is 29% less than the national average of $978.
Tennessee collectively (all cities) ranks 27th in the U.S. in home insurance rates.
In Tennessee collectively (all cities), owner-occupied housing made up 66.7% of all housing units.
This owner-occupied rate in TN is 4% greater than the national average of 63.9%.
Tennessee collectively (all cities) ranks 24th in the U.S. in share of housing that is owner-occupied.
Rent Insurance Rates: TN vs. U.S. [3]
Tennessee residents collectively (all cities) paid average rent insurance premiums of $195.
This average rent insurance premium in Tennessee is 4% greater than the national average of $187.
Tennessee collectively (all cities) ranks 15th in the U.S. in rent insurance rates.
Household Income Spent on Home Ownership Costs in Tennessee [4]
Tennessee residents (collectively, all cities) spent an average of 30.5% of household income on home ownership costs, which is 9% less than the national average of 33.7%.
Household Income Spent on Rent and Utilities in Tennessee [5]
Residents of Tennessee (collectively, all cities) spent an average of 45.3% of household income on rent and utilities, which is 6% less than the national average of 48.1%.
Income: 38475 vs. Tennessee
The median household income in 38475 is $32,828. This is approximately INF percent greater than the median income of $ for the state of Tennessee overall. [6]
The median household income in 38475 of $32,828. This compares with $ for Tennessee and $ for the U.S. In 38475, approximately 23 percent of all households have an income that is considered to be below poverty level. [6]
The median household income in 38475 of $32,828 is approximately INF percent greater than the median household income $ for the United States as a whole. [6]
Additional information about Tennessee
The ZIP code of 38475 (Olivehill, TN) has a population of approximately 635 and is located in Hardin County in Tennessee. [6]
For more information about 38475 Home Insurance, or for additional resources regarding home insurance overall, visit the Tennessee Department of Insurance.
In 2011, Florida had the highest average home insurance premiums in the United States.
Other ZIP Codes in Tennessee
Algood
Harriman
Puryear
Local Home Insurance in 38475 (Olivehill, TN)


I know you've tried some natural toothpastes without much luck but I'd recommend Tom's of Maine Natural Whole Care Orange-Mango toothpaste. I'm not usually one for fruity toothpastes (I just never feel as clean as with mint--totally psychological!) Anyway, it's a gel and I found it was really gentle without being wimpy.
You mentioned it of course, but have you tried simply using A&H baking soda - plain? That is what a lot of people in the past have used - before toothpaste (and mouth boogers).
Dying to know if you ever found a toothpaste that doesn't cause the problem? I have the exact same problem, have had it for as long as i can remember. The best I have found is basic colgate mint gel with no frills, however it isn't a great toothpaste. Just tried Arm & Hammer whitening type gel and it is like a mouth booger party in my mouth. Sick!!
Scott: Well, if my mouth ever starts reacting badly to Tom's of Maine, I will be reaching for the baking soda, that's certain!
Furly: If you check out one of my later posts, you'll see that I did find an answer! Yay! Tom's of Maine and Rembrandt Mint. I can highly recommend both. I hope you find something that works for you, as I know what a yucky and annoying problem this can be!
There is research showing an ingredient in most toothpastes can cause this sloughing of tissue in people sensitive to it. Sodium Laurel Sulfate is found in 95% of toothpastes, (as well as soaps, shampoos, etc.) It is a foaming agent. Some of the natural toothpastes do not include it, as well as some of the Sensodyne pastes. As awareness increases, I believe that more of the companies will offer SLS-free products. I hope this info will help you!
Thanks, Debbie! I checked my toothpaste, and sure enough: It does contain SLS. Over the last few years, I've started using Arm & Hammer toothpastes again. I don't know if SLS is the cause of my troubles, but I only occasionally have trouble with the A & H products. If I make a point of rinsing thoroughly, I generally don't have sloughing.
It's still something of a mystery to me -- but I'm going to start paying closer attention to the SLS content. Thanks again!
Thanks for the help. I've been experienceing this problem for months. I've been using Arm and Hammer Advanced Whitening. I've switched to Colgate and am getting much less slough. It took a few days for me to notice any difference though. Am still not completely happy as I'd rather not have this problem AT ALL.
I have the same problem. It is so gross. I have the best luck with Arm & Hammer Toothpaste. Even the whitening kind is better than most other brands. Who knows what the ingredient is that causes this??
I posted my comment like 4 years ago, so i was very surprised to get an email on this topic. I cant tell you what the ingredient is, but i took the advice of Court, and ive been using Toms, peppermint gel exclusively for many years and thankfully "mouthboogers" are now a distant memory.


text:
How to watch Pro Bowl 2013: Time, TV schedule, kickoff and more
The 2013 Pro Bowl is set for Sunday evening. Here's how you can watch, even though no Rams players were selected for the game this year.
By Louis Bien@louisbien Jan 27, 2013, 10:46am CST
Share All sharing options for: How to watch Pro Bowl 2013: Time, TV schedule, kickoff and more
Kirby Lee-USA TODAY Sports
The 2013 Pro Bowl is upon us. Despite the questionable level of play, the game still provides fans one of the last opportunities to catch some of their favorite players before football goes on hiatus for six months after the Super Bowl. This year, just like every other year, will pit the AFC All-Stars against the NFC All-Stars in Honolulu, Hawaii.
The AFC squad will be led by Peyton Manning at quarterback to start the game. The MVP candidate has called for a better effort from participants this year, though that could be a tall order considering the inherent injury risk in football and the overall pointlessness of the game.
Unfortunately for St. Louis Rams fans, the team was shut out of any Pro Bowl selections, and no players were called up to fill in for injuries. You can check out the full NFC roster here, and the full AFC roster here. Also be sure to keep an eye on SB Nation's Pro Bowl hub.
Schedule information below:
Who: AFC All-Stars vs. NFC All-Stars
Where: Aloha Stadium, Honolulu, HI
When: 7 p.m. ET, Sunday, Jan. 27
Network: NBC
Line: AFC favored by 1 point, somehow


Now a days, The internet has become almost as big of an necessity as Food and Hot water in a families home for whatever reason. Those who don't have it are at a catastrophic disadvantage when it comes to jobs and education. Time is money, don't forger, and while critics of a plan announced today will say "go to the library" or similarly ignorant things , the economic impact of missing out on the Internets many, many, conveniences is noticeable.
Luckily for those who aren't able to get to those Internet sources as well as the next man, President Obama, Google and a group of Internet service providers unveiled a plan to bring free or extremely discounted internet service to 275,000 low income American families . They hope to eventually expand the program, called ConnectHome, to many more of the millions of people who still don't have access to the internet. ConnectHome will first arrive in 27 cities across the country. Among them are Atlanta , Cleveland , Los Angeles, New Orleans , Newark and Choctaw Nation Of Oklahoma.
Barack Obama Said Himself : "In this digital age, when you can apply for a job, take a course, pay your bills … with a tap of your phone, the Internet is not a luxury," referring to the ConnectHome Plan. As Apart of the program, Google Fiber will offer free service in Atlanta, Durham, Kansas City, and Nashville. Cox will offer broadband for $9.99 a month to families in cities places such as Macon, Georgia, Baton Rouge , Louisiana and New Orleans.
The United States department of Housing and Urban Development will also require that any new public housing projects built will be set up to handle broadband Internet Access.
So if you can't afford to watch Orang Is The New Black On Netflix from your Toshiba, Barack Obama Says "Your Welcome".


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text:
\section{Introduction}
Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques~\cite{Abragam61} are central in different scientific and technological areas due to their ability to investigate the structure of matter. In particular, there are two pivotal examples that show the wide range of application of NMR schemes. These are, on the one hand, NMR spectroscopy~\cite{Fratila11,Levitt98} which is a technique able to provide information of the different atomic element content in chemical compounds~\cite{Gunter}, as well as to determine the structure of some proteins~\cite{Fratila11, Greiner15, Duddeck98,Wuthrich90}. On the other hand, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)~\cite{Plewes12} is a non-invasive procedure for imaging internal tissues in the human body without exposing the patient to potentially dangerous ionising radiation.

Despite all these applications, standard NMR techniques require the inspection of large samples owing to the weak coupling between the target (i.e. a nuclear spin ensemble) and the macroscopic detectors. This results in an NMR signal that depends on the thermal  polarisation of nuclei~\cite{Bloch46} which is low at ambient conditions.
As a figure of merit, detection of a liquid-water sample volume of $\approx$ 40 femtoliters has been achieved at room temperature~\cite{Ciobanu02}. In that experiment, a voxel of $\approx 40 \ \mu$m$^3$ (with dimensions $3.7 \pm 0.4$ $\mu$m $\times$   $3.3 \pm 0.3$ $\mu$m $\times$  $3.3 \pm 0.3$ $\mu$m) that contains $\approx 3\times 10^{12}$ protons was interrogated using micro-coil detectors, as well as strong magnetic field gradient combined with radio-frequency (rf) drivings. For more details see~\cite{Ciobanu02}. However, to further reduce conventional NMR systems to explore nanometer-sized-samples is challenging~\cite{Glover02}.

A technique that enables NMR detection at the nanoscale is magnetic resonance force microscopy (MRFM)~\cite{Sidles91} which  in 2004 achieved single electron spin detection~\cite{Rugar04}. Regarding nuclear spin detection, the reader can find a selection of MRFM experiments in Refs.~\cite{Mamin07, Mamin09, Rose18}.  In particular, in~\cite{Mamin07} a volume of the order of $\approx10^5$ nm$^3$ was scanned, which approximately contains  30 millions of nuclear spins. A similar situation can be found in~\cite{Mamin09} where it is estimated that $\sim$10$^{6}$ spins are responsible of the measured NMR signal.
In~\cite{Rose18}  a volume of $\approx (50$ nm$)^3$ of polystyrene was scanned.  Note that, for sample volumes below $(100$ nm$)^3$ the statistical nuclear polarisation would typically exceed the thermal polarisation~\cite{Degen07}, and variances in the amplitude of the exerted forces on the MRMF cantilevers are better measured. For more details regarding MRMF techniques we refer the reader to~\cite{Poggio10}.
However, MRFM requires high vacuum conditions as well as low temperatures. This is a regime that departs from the target of achieving nanoscale NMR at ambient conditions.

\begin{figure}
\onefigure[width=1.0\linewidth]{NVscheme.pdf}
\caption{(a) NV color center in diamond structure including a $^{14}$N atom and vacancy in the NV axis. Black atoms represent the spinless $^{12}$C nuclei, while in yellow it is represented one spin-$\frac{1}{2}$ $^{13}$C isotope  that naturally appears  with a $1.1\%$ abundance. (b) Simplified NV level structure including the electronic-ground ($^3{\rm A}_2$) and electronic-excited ($^3{\rm E}$) triplet states connected via spin conserving transitions (green and red arrows). It is also shown the presence of a transition that connects $\pm 1$ states in $^3{\rm E}$ with the 0 state in  $^3{\rm A}_2$ through a metastable level that allows to initialise the NV to 0 with high fidelity~\cite{Manson06}.}
\label{NVfig}
\end{figure}

There are other types of imaging techniques leading to nanoscale resolution, but they also present different issues. For instance, X-ray diffraction requires the ability to crystallise a large molecular sample in an ordered manner. In addition, and similar to conventional NMR schemes, samples with  large chemical purity are needed, which poses a severe limitation. Another example is electron microscopy that also requires vacuum conditions, as well as low temperatures for the case of cryogenic electron microscopy.

In this ecosystem of techniques, those using the {\it nitrogen vacancy (NV) center}~\cite{Doherty13} as a controllable {\it electron spin quantum sensor} stand out as they can be displayed at ambient conditions. Hence, NV-based imaging would pave the way to, e.g., investigate single molecules and proteins at physiological conditions. In this respect see, for example, Refs.~\cite{Schirhagl14, Wu16, Lovchinsky16}, as well as~\cite{Arunkumar21} and references therein. Regarding NV center structure, this is a substitutional defect in diamond where a $^{14}$N, or $^{15}$N, nitrogen isotope replaces one of the carbons in the lattice having, at the same time, an adjacent vacancy that defines the NV axis, see Fig.~\ref{NVfig} (a). Typically, the NV is identified in one of the following stable forms, namely, the negatively charged state NV$^{-}$ and the neutral state NV$^{0}$. Note that, the stable positively charged NV$^{+}$ is also being studied for different tasks~\cite{Pfender17}. In this review we focus on the NV$^{-}$ due to its suitability for nanoscale NMR applications, and hence, we will simply denote it as NV, while we refer the reader to~\cite{Doherty13} for a thorough review of the distinct NV charge states and their physical properties.

From the point of view of quantum control, NV centers can be optically polarised/initialised to the ground state of the $^3{\rm A}_2$ manifold, i.e. to the 0 level in Fig.~\ref{NVfig} (b), with a detuned laser pulse with a wavelength typically around 532 nm.
This connects the $^3{\rm A}_2$ hyperfine triplet with that in $^3$E , green arrows in Fig.~\ref{NVfig} (b), which radiatively decays back to $^3{\rm A}_2$ emitting at $\approx 637$ nm. This optical cycle is spin conserving~\cite{Manson06}, thus no spin polarisation is gained. However, the presence of an alternative decay path through a metastable state~\cite{Manson06} that connects the $\pm 1$ hyperfine levels in $^3$E with the $0$ in $^3{\rm A}_2$ enables to initialise the NV to the 0 state of $^3{\rm A}_2$ to a degree $>92\%$ even at room temperature~\cite{Waldherr11}. It is noteworthy to mention that, at low temperatures NV polarisation $> 99\%$ has already been achieved~\cite{Robledo11}. Regarding NV readout, while the 0 and $\pm 1$ states from $^3{\rm A}_2$ radiatively decay (i.e. they emit photons) after being excited to $^3$E, $\pm 1$ states can also fall in the metastable level and remain there for $\approx 250$ ns~\cite{Manson06}. In this manner, the system gets out from the optical cycle and does not emit photons, until it decays back to the 0 level of $^3{\rm A}_2$, which enables to distinguish between 0 and $\pm 1$ states~\cite{Steiner10}. For the NV initialisation procedure described previously,  an external magnetic field $B_z$ is typically aligned with the NV axis, while the effect of magnetic field deviations with respect to the NV axis as well as the presence of nitrogen substitutional defects (i.e. $P_1$ centers) have been studied~\cite{Drake16}.

In the absence of an external magnetic field, the $\pm 1$ states are degenerate and separated from 0 by the zero field splitting $D\approx (2\pi)\times2.87$ GHz  (cf. Fig.~\ref{NVfig} (b)). An externally applied $B_z$ field, with $z$ aligned with the NV axis, removes that degeneracy leading to the following Hamiltonian
\begin{equation}\label{NVfree}
H = D S^2_z + |\gamma_e| B_z S_z = \omega_{1} |1 \rangle \langle 1| +  \omega_{-1} |-1 \rangle \langle -1|.
\end{equation}
Here, $S_z = |1 \rangle \langle 1| -   |-1 \rangle \langle -1|$ is a spin-1 matrix where we use the ket $|1\rangle$ ($|-1\rangle$) for the $+1$ ($-1$) state of the NV on the $^3{\rm A}_2$ hyperfine manifold. The energies $\omega_{1} = (D +  |\gamma_e| B_z)$ and $\omega_{-1} = (D -  |\gamma_e| B_z)$ with $\gamma_e =-(2\pi) \times 28.024$ GHz/T being the electronic gyromagnetic ratio, correspond to the $|1\rangle$, $|-1\rangle$ states once we set $|0\rangle$ (i.e. the ket corresponding to the 0 state of $^3{\rm A}_2$) at the zero-energy level.  Note also that in Eq.~(\ref{NVfree}) we have neglected the presence of the nitrogen spin ($^{14}$N or $^{15}$N) inherent to the NV structure (see Fig.~\ref{NVfig} (a)), as this can be polarized such that it does not participate into the NV dynamics. More specifically, the nitrogen would couple to the NV electronic spin via a term $\vec{S}\cdot {\bf A} \cdot \vec{J}$, with ${\bf A}$ being a tensor such that ${\bf A} = \rm{diag}[A^\perp, A^\perp, A^\parallel]$ and the $A^{\perp,\parallel}$ components lying on the range of few MHz (for more details see Table~1 in Ref.~\cite{Doherty13}) while $\vec{J}$ is the nitrogen spin operator. The large energy splitting of the NV, which lies in the GHz regime, effectively removes the term $A^\perp (S_x J_x + S_y J_y)$, and thus one should only take into account the dephasing-like term $A^\parallel S_z J_z$. In the case of having a $^{14}$N isotope (note this is a spin-1 nucleus with a natural  abundance larger than 99$\%$), one can polarise the nuclear spin state to $|0\rangle$ such that $J_z|0\rangle=0$, which further eliminates any contribution of the nitrogen spin to the NV dynamics~\cite{Busaite20}. In the case of deficient nitrogen polarisation or under the presence of a $^{15}$N isotope, one has to consider the term $A^\parallel S_z J_z$ as an additional source of error, although its effect may be corrected by sequentially irradiating the sample~(see below).

\section{Basic model on nanoscale NMR with NV centers} The eigenenergies $\omega_{1}$, $\omega_{-1}$ in Eq.~(\ref{NVfree}) lie in the microwave (MW) regime, thus an NV can be externally controlled with MW radiation to induce transitions between specific hyperfine levels.  These tools, namely efficient spin initialisation, readout, and control via optical and MW radiation, enable the detection and control of nearby nuclear spins even at room temperature as it was firstly demonstrated by Jelezko et al.~\cite{Jelezko04, Jelezko04bis}, and Childress et al.~\cite{Childress06}. Note that, recently, electrical control of an NV center has also been demonstrated~\cite{Gulka21}.

The scenario involving an NV coupled to a nuclear spin bath and driven by MW radiation is described by the following Hamiltonian ($\hbar=1$)
\begin{eqnarray}\label{basic}
H &=& \omega_{1} |1 \rangle \langle 1| +  \omega_{-1} |-1 \rangle \langle -1| - \sum_j \gamma_n B_z I_j^z\nonumber\\
&+& H_{\rm NVn} + H_{\rm nn} + H_{\rm driv}.
\end{eqnarray}
In the previous expression, the term  $- \sum_j \gamma_n B_z I_j^z$ accounts for the Zeeman splitting of each nuclei as a consequence of the externally applied $B_z$ field. In addition, $I_j^z$ is the nuclear spin operator and  $\gamma_n$ the nuclear gyromagnetic ratio. Note that, for the sake of simplicity in the presentation, we consider an homonuclear sample. The term  $H_{\rm NVn}$ describes the interaction between the NV and each nucleus~\cite{Maze08} and it will deemed as dipole-dipole leading to
\begin{equation}
H_{\rm NVn} = \sum_j \frac{\mu_0 \gamma_e \gamma_n}{4 \pi |\vec{r}_j|^3} \bigg[\vec{S}\cdot \vec{I}_j - \frac{3 \big(\vec{S}\cdot \vec{r}_j\big)\big(\vec{I}_j\cdot \vec{r}_j\big)}{|\vec{r}_j|^2}\bigg],
\end{equation}
where the vector $\vec{r}_j$ determines the position of each nucleus with respect to the NV. In the same manner, $H_{\rm nn}$ accounts for dipolar interactions among nuclei~\cite{Casanova16} ($\vec{r}_{j,k}$ is the vector that connects the $j$th and $k$th nuclei), and can be written as
\begin{equation}
H_{\rm nn} = \sum_{j<k} \frac{\mu_0 \gamma^2_n}{4 \pi |\vec{r}_{j,k}|^3} \bigg[\vec{I}_j\cdot \vec{I}_k - \frac{3 \big(\vec{I}_j\cdot \vec{r}_{j,k}\big)\big(\vec{I}_k\cdot \vec{r}_{j,k}\big)}{|\vec{r}_{j,k}|^2}\bigg].
\end{equation}
Finally, the MW driving acting on the NV reads as
\begin{equation}\label{driv}
  H_{\rm driv}=\sqrt{2}\Omega S_x \cos{(\omega t -\phi)},
\end{equation}
where $\Omega$ is the Rabi frequency, $\phi$ the driving phase, and the factor $\sqrt{2}$ has been introduced by convenience. In later developments, we will refer to $\phi$ as the pulse phase.

\section{Continuous schemes and the Hartmann-Hahn double resonance condition} In the absence of a MW driving, the Hamiltonian in Eq.~(\ref{basic}) does not enable the exchange of interactions between NV and nuclei as a consequence of the large energy difference among them. Note that the NV involves transitions on the range of GHz, see definitions of $\omega_{\pm 1}$ in the previous section, while the nuclear splitting is, typically, in the range of hundreds of kHz to some MHz depending on the value of $B_z$.

More specifically, in the rotating frame of $ \omega_{1} |1 \rangle \langle 1| +  \omega_{-1} |-1 \rangle \langle -1| - \sum_j \gamma_n B_z I_j^z$ (i.e. the first line in Eq.~(\ref{basic})) and removing fast rotating terms by invoking the rotating wave approximation (RWA), the $H_{\rm NVn}$ term approximately simplifies to
\begin{equation}\label{ZZ}
H_{\rm NVn} \approx \sum_j A_j^z S_z I_j^z,
\end{equation}
with $A_j^z$ being the $z$ component of the hyperfine vector $\vec{A}_j = (A_j^x,  A_j^y, A_j^z) =\frac{\mu_0\gamma_e\gamma_n}{4\pi |\vec{r}_j|^3}[\hat{z} - 3\frac{(\hat{z}\cdot\vec{r}_j)\vec{r}_j}{|\vec{r}_j|^2}]$. It is worth noting that Eq.~(\ref{ZZ}) describes the loss of coherence of the the NV degrees of freedom due to the uncontrolled  interaction with the nuclear environment. In order to achieve coherent interactions between the NV and some specific nuclei one can introduce a {\it continuous MW driving}
resonant, e.g., with the $|0\rangle \leftrightarrow |1\rangle$ NV electron spin transition. Then, in a rotating frame with respect to (w.r.t.)
$\omega_{1} |1 \rangle \langle 1| +  \omega_{-1} |-1 \rangle \langle -1|$, and noting that $S_z = \frac{1}{2} (\sigma_z  + I) - |-1\rangle\langle -1|$ where
$\sigma_z = |1\rangle\langle 1| - |0\rangle\langle 0|$ and $I=|1\rangle\langle 1| + |0\rangle\langle 0|$ Eq.~(\ref{basic}) reads
\begin{eqnarray}\label{updatedmodel}
H &=& - \sum_j \omega_j \hat{\omega}_j \cdot \vec{I}_j + \frac{\sigma_z}{2} \sum_j \vec{A}_j \cdot \vec{I}_j + H_{\rm nn}\\ \nonumber
&&+ \frac{\Omega}{2} \big(|1\rangle\langle0| e^{i\phi} + |0\rangle\langle 1| e^{-i\phi}\big).
\end{eqnarray}
Here, the nuclear resonance is given by $\omega_j = |\vec{\omega}_j| \approx |\gamma_{n} B_z -\frac{1}{2} A_j^z|$, where $\vec{\omega}_j =  \gamma_{n} B_z\hat{z} - \frac{1}{2} \vec{A}_j$ and $\hat{\omega}_j = \vec{\omega}_j/\omega_j$. The MW driving is set on resonance with the energy of the $|0\rangle \leftrightarrow |1\rangle$ transition, thus the $|-1\rangle$ NV component is decoupled I think decoupled is more appropriate than removed from the dynamics, while $H_{\rm nn}$ can be simplified to a very good approximation to
\begin{equation}
H_{\rm nn} \approx \sum_{j<k} \frac{\mu_0 \gamma^2_n}{4 \pi |\vec{r}_{j,k}|^3} (1-3 (n^z_{j,k})^2)\bigg[ I^z_jI^z_k - (I^+_jI^-_k + I^-_jI^+_k )\bigg]
\end{equation}
once that fast rotating terms are removed by the RWA. In this expression, we have defined $I^{\pm} = \frac{1}{2}\left(I^x\pm i I^y\right)$. Now, with the help of the following identity,
\begin{equation}\label{identity}
e^{i\vec{I}_{j}\cdot\hat{l}\phi}\vec{I}_{j}\cdot\vec{b}\ e^{-i\vec{I}_{j}\cdot\hat{l}\phi}=\vec{I}_{j}\cdot[(\vec{b}-\vec{b}\cdot\hat{l}\hat{l})\cos\phi-\hat{l}\times\vec{b}\sin\phi+\vec{b}\cdot\hat{l}\hat{l}],
\end{equation}
one can write Eq.~(\ref{updatedmodel}) in the rotating frame of $- \sum_j \omega_j \hat{\omega}_j \cdot \vec{I}_j  + \frac{\Omega}{2} \big(|1\rangle\langle0| e^{i\phi} + |0\rangle\langle 1| e^{-i\phi}\big)$ as
\begin{eqnarray}
H &=& \frac{1}{2}\big( |+_\phi \rangle\langle -_\phi| e^{i\Omega t} + {\rm H.c.} \big)\sum_j \vec{I}_j\cdot \big[A^x_j \hat{x}_j \cos{(\omega_j t)}\nonumber\\
&-& A^y_j \hat{y}_j \sin{(\omega_j t)} +  A^z_j \hat{z}_j\big] + \tilde{H}_{\rm nn}.
\end{eqnarray}
Here $|\pm_\phi \rangle = \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}(|1\rangle \pm e^{-i\phi} |0\rangle)$, $A^x_j = | \vec{A}_j - (\vec{A}_j\cdot \hat{\omega}_j) \hat{\omega}_j |$, $\hat{x}_j = \big[\vec{A}_j - (\vec{A}_j\cdot \hat{\omega}_j) \hat{\omega}_j \big]/ A^x_j$, $A^y_j =| \hat{\omega}_j \times \vec{A}_j |$,  $\hat{y}_j =  - (\hat{\omega}_j \times \vec{A}_j)/A^y_j$, and $A^z_j = |(\vec{A}_j\cdot \hat{\omega}_j) \hat{\omega}_j|$, $\hat{z}_j = (\vec{A}_j\cdot \hat{\omega}_j) \hat{\omega}_j/A^z_j$. Note also that one can easily demonstrate that $A^x_j=A^y_j = A^\perp_j$, while we refer to $A^\perp_j$ as the {\it perpendicular $j$th coupling}.

In particular, when $\Omega = \omega_l$, where $l$ labels one of the nuclear resonances of the system (i.e. $\omega_l \in \{\omega_j\}$)  we achieve the so-called {\it Hartmann-Hahn (HH) resonance condition~\cite{Hartmann62}} that enables a flip-flop interaction, i.e. exchange excitations, between the NV and the $l$th nucleus,
\begin{equation}\label{HHHamiltonian}
H \approx \frac{A^{\perp}_l}{2} \big[|+_\phi \rangle\langle -_\phi| I^{-}_l + |-_\phi \rangle\langle +_\phi| I^{+}_l  \big].
\end{equation}

The continuous driving $H_{\rm driv}=\sqrt{2}\Omega S_x \cos{(\omega t -\phi)}$ (cf. Eq.~(\ref{driv})), that was introduced in Eq.~(\ref{basic}) has a twofold intention. On the one hand, $H_{\rm driv}$ allows for a coherent coupling between the NV and specific nuclei and, on the other hand, it can be employed to  remove the effect of environmental noise over the quantum sensor. In the case of Eq.~(\ref{HHHamiltonian}) this would enter as a coupling with detuned nuclear spins in the environment.  In this manner, the $H_{\rm driv}$ term is our first example of dynamical decoupling (DD) techniques~\cite{Souza12}.

The flip-flop term that has been derived in Eq.~(\ref{HHHamiltonian}) allows for a sequential transfer of excitations from an optically initialized NV, or from an NV ensemble, to the surrounding nuclear spin bath~\cite{Chen15}. It is important to note that, after NV depolarisation due to the exchange mechanism in Eq.~(\ref{HHHamiltonian}), the NV can be optically repolarised, enabling thus a continuous transfer of excitations to the nuclear bath.  Such procedure would result in an enhancement of the sample polarisation, and consequently of the NMR signal, leading to larger NMR sensitivities. The procedure of exchanging excitations among NVs and nuclei can be cast in the general frame of {\it dynamic nuclear polarisation} (DNP) schemes. The reader can find introductory references to DNP techniques in~\cite{Abragam78, Prisner08, Atsarkin11, Corzilius20}.  In particular, the scheme  in Eq.~(\ref{HHHamiltonian}) was demonstrated in NV-based systems by London et al. in Ref.~\cite{London13}. This experimental demonstration led to polarisation transfer between the NV and $^{13}$C nuclei mediated by a continuous driving that holds the HH condition. Further developments using MW-mediated  DNP techniques  among optically-polarised-NVs and nuclei have also been reported~\cite{Alvarez15, King15}. In addition, while polarisation transfer protocols typically require a fine alignment of $B_z$ with the NV axis, a scheme combining laser and MW drivings to mitigate the impact of a large misalignment has been put forward in Ref.~\cite{Ajoy18}. This method resulted in the design of a miniaturised {\it hyperpolariser} that has delivered diamond particles with a $0.86\%$ of $^{13}$C~\cite{Ajoy20}.

Previously, other NV-based polarising schemes were performed. For example, in Ref.~\cite{Gurudev07} a single $^{13}$C nucleus was polarised with selective MW drivings combined with the tracking of the nuclear spin precession, while in Ref.~\cite{Jacques09} the use of excited-state-level anticrossing (ESLAC) led to nuclear spin polarisation without MW fields. Subsequently, a nuclear polarisation mechanism based on ground-state-level anticrossing (GSLAC) was demonstrated~\cite{Wang13}. In addition, note that several techniques based on the physics of  level anticrossing (LAC) have been demonstrated leading to bulk $^{13}$C polarisation~\cite{Fischer13, Pagliero18}.

Beyond standard continuous MW irradiation patterns of the kind $H_{\rm driv}=\sqrt{2}\Omega S_x \cos{(\omega t -\phi)}$, other  and more sophisticated continuous MW schemes have been put forward for different tasks. In particular, concatenated continuous dynamical decoupling (CCD) techniques use several MW tones to obtain enhanced robustness since environmental errors and deviations on the controls can be suppressed up to first order~\cite{Cai12}. We introduce the CCD technique via the following Hamiltonian that describes the interaction of an NV with two MW drivings,
\begin{eqnarray}\label{CCD}
H &=& \frac{\omega_0 + \Delta}{2}\sigma_z + \Omega_1 (1 +\xi_1) \sigma_x \cos(\omega_1 t) \nonumber\\
&+&  \Omega_2 (1 +\xi_2) \sigma_x \cos(\omega_1 t -\phi)\cos(\Omega_1 t).
\end{eqnarray}
Here, $\omega_0$ is the two-level energy gap (in the case of an NV $\omega_0 = D + |\gamma_e| B_z$ when considering the qubit defined by the $|0\rangle \leftrightarrow |1\rangle$ transition), $\Omega_{1,2}$ are the Rabi frequencies of the MW drivings such that $|\Omega_1|\gg|\Omega_2|$, while $\Delta\equiv\Delta(t)$ and $\xi_{1,2}\equiv\xi_{1,2}(t)$ define environmental and control errors that we aim to cancel or minimize. Note that the error on Rabi frequencies is proportional to the MW field amplitude, that is, $\Omega_{1,2}\xi_{1,2}$. The simplest CCD method employs two MW driving fields: The first one with frequencies $\omega_1$ and $\Omega_1$ (second term at the right-hand-side of the first line in Eq.~(\ref{CCD})) and a second MW driving with frequencies $\omega_1$, $\Omega_1$ (second line in Eq.~(\ref{CCD})). These MW driving fields mitigate the aforementioned errors in the following manner: In a rotating frame w.r.t $\frac{\omega_0}{2}\sigma_z$ and setting $\omega_1=\omega_0$, Eq.~(\ref{CCD}) transforms to
\begin{eqnarray}\label{CCD2}
H = \frac{\Delta}{2}\sigma_z + \frac{\Omega_1}{2} \sigma_x  + \frac{\Omega_1\xi_1}{2} \sigma_x + \frac{\Omega_2}{2} (1 +\xi_2) \sigma_\phi\cos(\Omega_1 t)
\end{eqnarray}
where $\sigma_\phi = \sigma^+ e^{i\phi} + \sigma^- e^{-i\phi}$. In this frame, the driving $\frac{\Omega_1}{2} \sigma_x$ can be understood as the free energy term of the qubit which is now defined in the dressed state basis $|\pm_x\rangle= \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}(|1\rangle \pm |0\rangle)$. Interestingly, the error term $\frac{\Delta}{2}\sigma_z$ that was parallel to the original qubit basis in Eq.~(\ref{CCD}), is now perpendicular to  $\frac{\Omega_1}{2} \sigma_x$ and thus, it induces transitions in this new basis. However, if $\Omega_1 \gg \Delta$ these unwanted transitions suffer an energy penalty and can be effectively removed. Furthermore, in a rotating frame w.r.t. $\frac{\Omega_1}{2} \sigma_x$ and setting $\phi=-\pi/2$, Eq.~(\ref{CCD2}) becomes
\begin{eqnarray}\label{CCD3}
H \approx \frac{\Omega_1 \xi_1}{2}  \sigma_x + \frac{\Omega_2}{4} \sigma_y  +\frac{\Omega_2\xi_2 }{4} \sigma_y.
\end{eqnarray}
Similar to the previous step, now we have $\frac{\Omega_2}{4} \sigma_y$ that redefines the qubit-free-energy term in the basis  $|\pm_y\rangle$  ($\sigma_y |\pm_y\rangle = \pm  |\pm_y\rangle$). In this manner, the effect of the noisy term $\frac{\Omega_1 \xi_1}{2}  \sigma_x$ can be neglected if $|\Omega_2| \gg |\Omega_1 \xi_1|$. Hence, the final Hamiltonian adopts a simple form,
\begin{eqnarray}\label{CCD4}
H \approx \frac{\Omega_2}{4} \sigma_y  +\frac{\Omega_2\xi_2 }{4} \sigma_y.
\end{eqnarray}
This CCD technique allows for the simultaneous mitigation of environmental errors, denoted by $\Delta$, as well as deviations from the first driving, i.e. $\Omega_1 \xi_1$. Note that the remaining error contribution, given by $\Omega_2\xi_2$, is small as we assumed $|\Omega_1|\gg|\Omega_2|$. The CCD scheme has already been demonstrated in NV centers leading to improved coherence times in the system~\cite{Cai12}.

Continuous DD techniques including MW fields with several tones have been also proposed as a mechanism to couple NVs to fast oscillating targets~\cite{Casanova19}.  In particular, if one introduces in Eq.~(\ref{basic}) a MW driving of the kind
\begin{equation}\label{bridgeHH}
H_{\rm driv}=\sqrt{2}\Omega(t) S_x \cos{(\omega t)}
\end{equation}
such that $\Omega(t) = \Omega_0 - \Omega_1 \sin(\nu t)$, one can easily derive the following Hamiltonian that governs the NV-nuclei interaction,
\begin{eqnarray}\label{JA}
H &=& \frac{1}{2} [|+\rangle\langle -| e^{i\Omega_0 t} e^{i(\Omega_1/\nu) \cos{(\nu t)}}  + {\rm H.c.}]     \nonumber\\
&&\times\sum_j \vec{I}_j\cdot \big[A^x_j \hat{x}_j \cos{(\omega_j t)} - A^y_j \hat{y}_j \sin{(\omega_j t)}  \nonumber\\
&&+  A^z_j \hat{z}_j\big] + \tilde{H}_{\rm nn}.
\end{eqnarray}
Now, by using the Jacoby-Anger expansion --i.e. $e^{iz\cos(\theta)} = J_0(z)  + 2\sum_{n=1}^{+\infty}i^n J_n(z)\cos{(n\theta)}$, where $J_n(z)$ is the $n$th-order Bessel function of the first kind-- one can find that for $\Omega_0 + \nu = \omega_j$ Eq.~(\ref{JA}) reads as
\begin{equation}\label{lowcoupling}
H\approx (A^\perp_j/2)J_1(\Omega_1/\nu) ( i|+\rangle\langle -| I^+_j - i|-\rangle\langle +| I^-_j).
\end{equation}
The previous Hamiltonian defines a coherent interaction between an NV and a specific nucleus beyond the HH condition.  Note that, in the case of having a MW driving with a constant Rabi frequency, as considered in Eq.~(\ref{driv}), the HH condition imposes  $\Omega = \omega_j$. However, a suitable time modulation of $\Omega(t)$ leads to the alternative condition $\Omega_0 + \nu = \omega_j$. Such modified condition allows for the communication between NVs and nuclei through Eq.~(\ref{lowcoupling}) with low power MW radiation patterns~\cite{Casanova19}, since a small value for $\Omega_0$ (which implies low power in the driving as this is $\propto |\Omega_0|^2$) is compensated by the frequency $\nu$. The latter is responsible of modulating the Rabi frequency without significantly changing the energy amount.
\section{Pulsed schemes} MW radiation can also be stroboscopically delivered to the system in the form of pulse sequences. Typically, these encompass trains of $\pi$-pulses that flip the NV electron spin according to $\sigma_z \rightarrow -\sigma_z \rightarrow \sigma_z \rightarrow -\sigma_z \cdots$, while $\pi/2$ pulses can be  interspersed (see below).
In this scenario, it is common to describe the basic model in Eq.~(\ref{updatedmodel}) within the rotating frame of $\frac{\Omega}{2} \big(|1\rangle\langle0| e^{i\phi} + |0\rangle\langle 1| e^{-i\phi}\big)$ which leads to
 \begin{equation}\label{modulated}
H = - \sum_j \omega_j \hat{\omega}_j \cdot \vec{I}_j + F(t) \frac{\sigma_z}{2} \sum_j \vec{A}_j \cdot \vec{I}_j + H_{\rm nn}.
\end{equation}
Here, $F(t) = \pm1$ is a modulation function that describes the action of each $\pi$ pulse on the dynamics. Note that, for the sake of simplicity in the presentation, we consider {\it instantaneous pulses}, while we refer the interested reader to Ref.~\cite{Lang17} for a comprehensive study of the effect of  non-negligible pulse-width as well as of their associated applications in nanoscale NMR. Now, the role of the {\it pulse-phase} $\phi$ becomes clear since it determines the {\it rotation axis} along which the $\pi$ pulse is performed. Paradigmatic examples are: (i) The case of $\phi=0$ where the spin flip is performed along the x axis leading to an X pulse, and (ii) $\phi=-\pi/2$ leading to a Y pulse (i.e. the rotation occurs along the y axis). Later we will comment on the need of appropriately selecting pulse phases as these can result in improved sequence robustness.

On the one hand, the delivery of $\pi$ pulses, leading to $F(t)$ in Eq.~(\ref{modulated}), may be capable of extending the NV coherence by removing the interactions with nearby nuclear spins.  This has been demonstrated using different pulse sequences both at room-,  and low-temperatures~\cite{Ryan10, Lange10, BarGill13, Abobeih18}. In these previously mentioned experiments
different types of sequences, including  pulses with distinct pulse phases, have been tested. Among them, one finds the Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill (CPMG) sequence that includes blocks of X pulses~\cite{Carr54, Meiboom58}, the Uhrig DD sequence~\cite{Uhrig07} that extends the CPMG scheme, and the XY8 sequence,
that belongs to the XY family of pulse schemes~\cite{Maudsley86, Gullion90} and consists on sequentially repeating the block XYXYYXYX. As an example, an XY8 block is depicted in Fig.~\ref{pulsesfig} (a) first panel.

On the other hand, the appropriate tuning of $F(t)$ enables us to detect and control nuclear spins. This can be  seen when Eq.~(\ref{modulated}) is expressed in a rotating frame with respect to $- \sum_j \omega_j \hat{\omega}_j \cdot \vec{I}_j$, which adopts the following form
\begin{eqnarray}\label{pulsedH}
H &=& F(t) \frac{\sigma_z}{2} \sum_j \vec{I}_j\cdot \big[A^x_j \hat{x}_j \cos{(\omega_j t)}\nonumber\\
&-& A^y_j \hat{y}_j \sin{(\omega_j t)} +  A^z_j \hat{z}_j\big] + \tilde{H}_{\rm nn}.
\end{eqnarray}
\begin{figure}
\onefigure[width=1.0\linewidth]{pulses.pdf}
\caption{(a) First panel shows a XY8 pulse block. Note that an XY8 sequence will be [XYXYYXYX$]^N$ with N being the number of repetitions. Second panel, modulation function $F(t)$ induced by the XY8 sequence and its associated period $T$. (b) First panel illustrates the first composite pulses of an AXY8 sequence showing the tunability of the interpulse distances. Note the internal symmetry of the composite pulse where the distance between the first $\pi$ pulse and the central one equals that of the central $\pi$ pulse with the last one. That symmetry is also present among the second-central and third $\pi$ pulses and leads to extra robustness against control errors, see Ref.~\cite{Casanova15} for further details. The pulse phase on each block is $\phi_1=\pi/6$, $\phi_2=0$, $\phi_3=\pi/2$, while $\phi_1'=\phi_1 +\pi/2$, $\phi_2'=\phi_2 +\pi/2$, and $\phi_3'=\phi_3 +\pi/2$ for enhanced robustness~\cite{Casanova15}. Second panel, modulation function resulting from the application of the sequence in the first panel. (c) Synchronised delivery of MW and rf pulses for exploiting the parallel NV-nucleus coupling. After MW and rf pulses the parallel interaction does not change leading to the same $e^{-i t A^\parallel_j \sigma_z I_u^z}$ propagator. This owes to the combined sign change on the $\sigma_z$ and $I^z_u$ operators after synchronised pulses. Other nuclei, not resonant with the rf pulse, do not flip which ultimately results in a cancellation of their dynamics.}
\label{pulsesfig}
\end{figure}
In Fig.~\ref{pulsesfig} (a) second-panel, the modulation function imprinted by an XY8 sequence is shown. This is a periodic function with period $T$ and presents an {\it even} form such that it can be expanded in cosine-like {\it harmonics} as $F(t) = \sum_k f_k \cos{(k \frac{2\pi}{T} t)}$ with $f_k$ being the $k$th Fourier coefficient
$f_k = \frac{2}{T} \int_0^T F(t) \cos{(k \frac{2\pi}{T} t)} dt$. In this manner, by selecting the interpulse spacing (thus the period $T$) one can induce a resonance in Eq.~(\ref{pulsedH}) leading to a coherent NV-nucleus dynamics. In particular, when $q \frac{2\pi}{T}  = \omega_u$ (i.e., if one sets the period $T$ such that  the $q$th harmonic is resonant with the $u$th nucleus) Eq.~(\ref{pulsedH}) simplifies to
\begin{equation}\label{effectiveNVN}
H \approx \frac{f_q A_u^\perp}{4} \sigma_z I_u^x + \tilde{H}_{\rm nn},
\end{equation}
enabling the detection and control of the $u$th nucleus via the NV center. In the same manner, and by selecting an {\it odd} distribution of $\pi$ pulses (at this respect see, e.g., Ref.~\cite{Casanova16}) such that the resulting $F(t) = \sum_k \tilde{f}_k \sin{(k \frac{2\pi}{T} t)}$ with $\tilde{f}_k = \frac{2}{T} \int_0^T F(t) \sin{(k \frac{2\pi}{T} t)} dt$ one would obtain the following interaction $H \approx \frac{\tilde{f}_q A_u^\perp}{4} \sigma_z I_u^y + \tilde{H}_{\rm nn}$. Interestingly, the type of sequences involving a constant interpulse spacing (e.g., the one in Fig.~\ref{pulsesfig} (a) first-panel) lead to a $F(t)$ such that $f_q = \frac{4}{q\pi}$. That is, the effective NV-nucleus strength, i.e. $\frac{f_q A_u^\perp}{4}$ in Eq.~(\ref{effectiveNVN}),  can be modulated by selecting different harmonics as this changes the value of $q$. This approach was used in several experiments during the last decade to detect nuclear spins that are weakly coupled with the NV, that is,  nuclear spins with a coupling strength smaller than the NV {\it bare dephasing rate} (i.e. the NV dephasing rate without being driven by DD techniques). The reader can find several experiments exploiting the previously mentioned pulsed DD techniques for {\it individual nuclear spin control} in Refs.~\cite{Taminiau12, Kolkowitz12, Zhao12, Muller14, Lang19, Bradley19}, as well as for the detection of {\it nuclear spin clusters} in Refs.~\cite{Zhao11, Shi14, Abobeih19}. Furthermore, NV-based magnetic field detection can be combined with an external clock leading to a large sensitivity as it was demonstrated in Refs.~\cite{Schmitt17, Glenn18, Chu21, Mizuno18}.

Other DD pulse sequences that involve tunable interpulse spacings have been proposed. For instance, the adaptive-XY8 (AXY8) sequence~\cite{Casanova15} contains eight composite X and Y pulses ordered as XYXYYXYX, where each X and Y includes five $\pi$ pulses with adjustable distances. In Fig.~\ref{pulsesfig} (b), first-panel, the first three composite pulses of an AXY8 sequence are shown. There it can be seen the two interpulse distances $d_1$ and $d_2$ that can be arbitrarily selected leading to different modulation functions such as the one depicted in Fig.~\ref{pulsesfig} (b) second-panel. The tunability of $F(t)$ provides a large nuclear spin selectivity~\cite{Casanova15}, while the case $d_1=d_2$ (i.e., equidistant $\pi$ pulses) coincides with the KDD$_\phi$-KDD$_{\phi + \pi/2}$ sequence~\cite{Souza11}. It is noteworthy to mention that AXY8 sequences have been experimentally implemented for identifying the NV spin environment~\cite{Hernandez18}, as well as for high-fidelity $^{13}$C nuclear spin control~\cite{Unden19}. In addition, AXY8 sequences have been proposed for positioning nuclear spins in molecules assisted by rf fields~\cite{Wang16}, for quantum information processing in nuclear clusters~\cite{Casanova16} and in trapped-ion systems~\cite{Arrazola18, Dong21}.

As previously commented in this section, we have introduced the theory of pulsed DD assuming instantaneous pulses (i.e. infinitely energetic pulses). However, any realistic pulse always presents a finite width, which may induce undesired {\it spurious resonances} that in turn can lead to false identification of nuclear species~\cite{Loretz15}. Fortunately, pulsed DD also offers strategies to mitigate these effects. As an example, the randomisation of pulse phases in DD sequences has been proven useful to average out spurious resonances, while at the same it enhances the robustness of the DD method~\cite{Wang19, Wang20}. The natural finite width of the pulses presents other undesired effects, such as the strong reduction of the effective NV-nucleus coupling, that is, the $\frac{f_q A_u^\perp}{4}$ factor in Eq.~(\ref{effectiveNVN}), thus leading to a serious NMR signal-contrast loss. This effect occurs when the pulse duration becomes comparable, or larger, than the nuclear Larmor period as demonstrated in Refs.~\cite{Casanova18, Munuera-Javaloy20}.  Yet, one can resort again to the pulsed DD machinery to overcome this potential problem. Indeed, one can achieve a  maximal NV-nucleus coupling by appropriately modulating the amplitude of the delivered $\pi$ pulses~\cite{Casanova18, Munuera-Javaloy20}. The design of {\it amplitude-modulated $\pi$ pulses} can also incorporate different techniques such as {\it shortcuts to adiabaticity}~\cite{Guery-Odelin19} which results in pulsed schemes that exhibit extra robustness~\cite{Munuera-Javaloy20bis}. In this manner, amplitude-modulated $\pi$ pulses are optimal in situations involving (i) {\it Large static magnetic fields} leading to fast nuclear spin precession and (ii) Scenarios where only a {\it reduced amount of MW power} can be delivered to the sample.  Both situations, (i) and (ii), are interesting from a practical point of view. Large static magnetic fields typically lead to an enhancement of the nuclear decay time, as well as of other effects, such as the chemical shift~\cite{Levitt98}, while the delivery of low MW power pulses allow for the use of pulsed DD techniques over biological samples, as the induced heating is minimal~\cite{Munuera-Javaloy20bis}.

The type of interactions appearing among NV and nuclei when pulsed DD techniques are employed are of the kind $\sigma_z I^{x}_u$ (for arbitrary $u$),  cf. Eq.~(\ref{effectiveNVN}). Interestingly, this interaction mechanism is not capable of transferring excitations among NV and nuclei, since they do not involve flip-flop terms, in contrast to the one described in Eq.~(\ref{HHHamiltonian}). However, one can combine two pulsed DD sequences, $\sigma_z I^{x}_u$ and $\sigma_z I^{y}_u$, with interspersed $\pi/2$ pulses on the NV to rotate $\sigma_z \rightarrow \sigma_x$ and $\sigma_z \rightarrow \sigma_y$ such that the final interaction is $\propto \sigma_x I^{x}_u +  \sigma_y I^{y}_u \propto (\sigma^+ I^-_u + \sigma^- I^+_u)$. This new interaction term does induce the transfer of NV polarisation to its nuclear environment. In this manner, several pulsed schemes including $\pi$ and $\pi/2$ pulses have been proposed to study hyperpolarisation processes  in diamond. Among them, we can mention the Pulse-Pol sequence~\cite{Schwartz18} that includes {\it robust composite $\pi$ pulses} made of two $\pi/2$ pulses and one central $\pi$ pulse~\cite{Levitt98}. We refer the reader to Ref.~\cite{Schwartz18} for a study of the robustness of Pulse-Pol sequences while, recently, this type of sequences have been also combined with optimal control schemes~\cite{Yang21}. In addition, Pulse-Pol schemes have been recently used for polarising hydrogen spins external to the diamond with an NV ensemble~\cite{Healey21}. See~\cite{Healey21} and references therein for previous developments regarding polarisation of external nuclei.

So far, we have commented on pulsed DD techniques that rely on the perpendicular coupling $A^\perp_j$ among NVs and nuclei. However, one can also exploit the $A^z_j  \sigma_z \vec{I}_j \cdot \hat{z}_j \equiv A^\parallel_j \sigma_z I_j^z$ term in Eq.~(\ref{pulsedH}), which is typically called as {\it parallel coupling}. More specifically, if one combines MW $\pi$ pulses on the NV (leading to $\sigma_z\rightarrow -\sigma_z$) with resonant rf $\pi$ pulses over the $u$th nucleus (with the effect $I^z_u \rightarrow -I^z_u $) the NV-nucleus propagator becomes $e^{-i t A^\parallel_j \sigma_z I_u^z}$. A picture of this radiation scheme can be found in Fig.~\ref{pulsesfig} (c) where it is shown that MW and rf pulses are simultaneously delivered. Note that, the selective rf pulse (that is, a rf pulse resonant with $\omega_u$) is set such that it only rotates the $u$th nucleus, thus the NV coupling with any other nuclei is removed due to the decoupling effect induced by the change $\sigma_z\rightarrow -\sigma_z$ (for more details, see caption of Fig.~\ref{pulsesfig}). This kind of schemes have been used for coupling NVs with fast rotating nuclei~\cite{Aslam17}, as well as with electron-spin radicals encoded in nitroxide labels~\cite{Shi15}.

\section{Conclusions} In this work we have reviewed distinct dynamical decoupling techniques, both continuous and pulsed, typically used in nanoscale NMR employing NV centers, or other color centers. These techniques have been proven very useful to induce controlled and coherent dynamics among NVs and nuclei and electrons even at room temperature for different tasks,  such as magnetometry or nuclear hyperpolarisation. In this manner, dynamical decoupling methods have a wide applicability and exert a significant impact in different areas of science such as material science, chemistry, and biology.

\acknowledgments
We acknowledge financial support from Spanish Government via PGC2018-095113-B-I00 (MCIU/AEI/FEDER, UE),
Basque Government via IT986-16, as well as from QMiCS (820505) and OpenSuperQ (820363) of the EU Flagship on Quantum Technologies, the EU FET Open Grant Quromorphic (828826) and FET-Open project SuperQuLAN (899354). C.M.-J. acknowledges the predoctoral MICINN grant PRE2019-088519. J. C. acknowledges the Ram\'{o}n y Cajal program (RYC2018-025197-I) and the EUR2020-112117 project of the Spanish MICINN, as well as support from the UPV/EHU through the grant EHUrOPE.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


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'Phat' PS3 Owners Have Until April 15 to Claim $65
If you own one of the so-called "phat" PlayStation models then Sony will pay you $65 as part of its "OtherOS" settlement.
By Matthew Humphries
It's been nearly 12 years since Sony first unveiled the PlayStation 3 to the masses. The original console was surprisingly heavy and very bulky, which resulted in it being called the "phat" PS3. It also included the ability to install an alternative operating system (Linux or Unix-based) alongside the main PS3 software. That was nice of Sony, but ultimately became a decision they would regret.
When the Slim model of the PS3 appeared, the so-called OtherOS functionality had been removed as part of a firmware update due to security concerns. That in turn resulted in a class action lawsuit which dragged on until a settlement was reached in 2016. As Polygon reports, the settlement allowed phat PS3 owners to claim $55, but the amount was increased to $65.
You may be surprised to hear claims can still be filed for this $65 pay out, but time is about to run out on the offer. If you own a phat PS3, you have until April 15 to submit the claim form. As part of the claim, you must state the PS3 was purchased from an "authorized retailer," although how will they check? You are also required to provide your PSN username, PS3 serial number, and claim you know Linux could be installed or removal of the feature meant the PS3 lost value in your eyes. If you intend to claim, keep in mind this offer is limited to 20GB, 40GB, 60GB, and 80GB models.
PlayStation Plus Ditching PS3, Vita Games in March 2019
$65 isn't a lot of money, but it will buy you at least one new game on PS4. The real winners in this settlement are, of course, the lawyers who will receive up to $400,000. Five named plaintiffs also get $3,500 each.
If you're wondering why terms and conditions you have to sign up to now include an "agreement not to enter into any class-action," it's legal action such as this against Sony that worried companies enough to better protect themselves.
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Matthew Humphries Senior Editor
Matthew is PCMag's UK-based editor and news reporter. Prior to joining the team, he spent 14 years writing and editing content on our sister site Geek.com and has covered most areas of technology, but is especially passionate about games tech. Alongside PCMag, he's a freelance video game designer. Matthew holds a BSc degree in Computer Science from... See Full Bio
Spotify Launches Disney Music Hub
Nintendo's Updated Switch Promises 9-Hour Battery Life
Google Confirms Project Dragonfly Is 'Terminated'
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Netflix's US Subscriber Count Falls After Price Hike
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European Commission Launches Amazon Antitrust Investigation
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