…. I want to get some help with my struggle with meditation. I've read a lot of books about it and they are all great until I sit down to do it. Then my mind takes off and all the things I read about are miles away. Even when I pick up the book I've been reading and read a paragraph that I marked, it doesn't make it happen for me. I'm better at reading about it than doing it. I often say if there was someone inside my head to direct the traffic I'd be OK. I know you can't do that, but you may be able to give me a few tips. [....] Larry M.
That's an interesting thought: an inner traffic cop who would tell you where to park and where not to park. Some people would tell you that you have to be that traffic cop yourself, but I'd rather say you should give up the idea of directing that inner traffic. Thoughts move: it is their nature to move; when they stop they don't exist. When you get involved with them – whether to follow them or to stop them – you are keeping them in existence. Instead, just watch them without judging them or telling them where to go or trying to stop them. Watch from the side, as if they had nothing to do with you. In a real sense they don't: they are just the world's debris blowing through you.
People sometimes say "I'm 'into' this or that," but they mean they have an interest in it. An interest in meditation isn't enough; you have to be into it in a full sense. Nothing will take you anywhere unless you are inside it. To the extent that you are trying to direct your mental traffic you are not yet inside meditation.
When are you 'inside' meditation? I suggested above that you should "watch from the side." That watching from the side is meditation. Which side is it? Left? Right? No, it's every side: it's the whole background to all traffic. If it were one particular side you would be scrambling to get there. But you are there already: that whole background is your true nature.
How we would all love to grab it and hold onto it! My true nature: a prize catch. But the very effort to do so would turn it into an object – in other words, another piece of traffic. If it could be caught it would be another foreground object – a big one, but still just an object. There is nothing that can be caught, so give up all attempts to catch it. The real background, your true nature, is yours already before you thought of trying to catch it. It was yours even before you developed an interest in meditation.
That leaves you with nothing to do. But people speak of 'doing their meditation', don't they? Yes, but that is an external description, like entering an item on a timetable. It's true that we have to put it on a timetable; we have to have a daily routine of meditation. But when you sit down to meditate you are not doing anything; you are just watching. At that point the traffic will try to pull you again into its stream. It will urge you to pick up a book, or to check how you are doing, or even to check the time…. But relax, don't do anything.
That sounds really easy, but as you know it is not easy. There are two kinds of laziness: one is a reluctance to do anything, the other is a reluctance to do nothing. Doing nothing is harder for us today: we live in a fog of activism, a fog so dense that we can't easily see through it or around it. We are over-stimulated and to that extent we are unwell. We need to recover, to convalesce. If you have ever had to convalesce after an illness, you have a useful marker. The doctor – and everyone else – will tell you, "You just need to rest." Meditation is like that: just rest, don't be restless to get going.
You will notice that there is nothing here for the ego: no sense of achievement, no sense of making progress, no sense of acquiring something you set out to acquire. If you feel the pinch of that, it is a good sign: you could be on the right track.


text:
require 'rubygems' if RUBY_VERSION < '1.9.0'
require 'sensu-plugin/metric/cli'
require 'socket'

class LoadStat < Sensu::Plugin::Metric::CLI::Graphite

  option :scheme,
    :description => "Metric naming scheme, text to prepend to .$parent.$child",
    :long => "--scheme SCHEME",
    :default => "#{Socket.gethostname}"

  def run
    result = `uptime`.gsub(',', '').split(' ')
    result = result[-3..-1]

    timestamp = Time.now.to_i
    metrics = {
      :load_avg => {
         :one => result[0],
         :five => result[1],
         :fifteen => result[2]
       }
    }
    metrics.each do |parent, children|
      children.each do |child, value|
        output [config[:scheme], parent, child].join("."), value, timestamp
      end
    end
    ok
  end

end

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Home News Middle East Rejecting claims Qatar is limiting kosher food, rabbi hails first-ever kosher kitchen...
Rejecting claims Qatar is limiting kosher food, rabbi hails first-ever kosher kitchen in Doha
Israelis depart from Ben Gurion international airport for the first commercial flight from Israel to Doha for the World Cup 2022 tournament, on November 20, 2022. Photo by Tomer Neuberg/Flash90
Outrage had followed reports that cooked kosher fare wasn't being allowed, but the rabbi who negotiated with the Qataris said he had "never asked for hot food."
By Batya Jerenberg, World Israel News
Dismissing earlier reports, both Israeli officials and rabbis on the ground in Qatar say that kosher food, albeit cold, is available for observant Jews during the ongoing World Cup soccer games.
Ashkenazic Chief Rabbi of Istanbul, Turkey, Mendi Chitrik, who is the kashruth supervisor on the ground in Doha along with his rabbi son, told Israel National News Friday that the bakery they have set up is going full force.
"We distribute more than a hundred [strictly] kosher bagel sandwiches [a day] to fans and others visiting Qatar," he said on Friday, adding that his son was about to give out "more than 300 challahs (traditional bread for the Sabbath meals)…to people who have requested" them.
Calling it "exciting" and an "important initiative," he stressed that "it's the first time there is a kosher kitchen in Qatar, a country with no indigenous Jewish community."
He gave credit to the government, which has no diplomatic relations with Israel, for giving his group "VIP treatment," and "the full encouragement and support of the state authorities in order to carry out this duty of providing kosher food."
Chitrik is the chairman of the Alliance of Rabbis in Islamic States, established at the end of 2019 to support Jewish life in Muslim countries.
Back in June, Rabbi Marc Schneier, head of the U.S.-based Foundation for Ethnic Understanding, a global center for Muslim-Jewish relations, had told i24 News that he had come to an agreement with the Qatari authorities that there would be kosher food at the World Cup, with even "a Shabbat dinner, prior to the opening of the Games," and a room set aside for a synagogue for those wishing to pray. "My friends in Qatar have been most welcoming…in inviting Israelis to the World Cup," he said.
On Thursday, after The Jerusalem Post reported that unnamed Jewish organizations had complained that Qatar had reneged on promises to allow the cooking of kosher food, including meat, Schneier told the paper, "I never asked for hot food. The only person that spoke to the Qataris about this [on behalf of the Jewish community] was me."
Chitrik dismissed the complaints by saying, "It's not true. For the Qataris, it makes no difference if it's cooked or baked, what's the difference if it's pastries or bagels or challahs or cooked spreads or cooked vegetables."
He added with a smile that he "saw no Jewish entrepreneurs or Jewish organization" saying they'd "invest in hiring a restaurant and turning it kosher.
The main reason for that, he offered, was the same as what led his group to choose a "more modest menu" – they simply didn't know how big or small the demand would be.
A senior Israeli official told The Post that Jerusalem has "no complaints" about how Qatar is treating Israelis and Jews at the tournament.
"All Israeli demands were met," including "kosher food, direct flights from Israel for the first time and even a temporary diplomatic representation in the country," the source said. "We know it has not been easy for Qatar and so we appreciate its efforts."
The World Cup, the most-watched games in the world, began last Sunday and continues until December 18. It has been estimated that up to 10,000 religiously observant Jews are expected to attend.
Ashkenazic Chief Rabbi of Istanbul
Kosher Food Doha
Mendi Chitrik
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Marie-Guillaume Charles Le Roux, dit Charles Le Roux, né le  à Nantes et mort dans la même ville le , est un peintre paysagiste et homme politique français.

Biographie

D'une famille de marchand-tanneurs, Charles Le Roux est le fils de Marie Joseph Charles Leroux, avocat nantais, et d'Agathe Dessaulx (fille d'un négociant-armateur, qui a contribué avec Jean-Joseph-Louis Graslin à la création du quartier Graslin).

Reçu avocat en 1830, un goût marqué pour la peinture lui fait abandonner la carrière du barreau. Élève de Corot, il expose à la plupart des salons depuis 1834, et reçoit une troisième médaille (1840) puis une seconde (1846) pour des paysages assez remarqués.

Il investit toute sa vie dans la réalisation de peintures de bords de Loire et dans ses activités d'homme politique local. Homme complet et brillant, il anime une activité artistique dans les environs de Nantes en invitant régulièrement ses amis Théodore Rousseau, Camille Corot, Gustave Doré, Louis Cabat, etc. dans ses propriétés du Soullier à Combrand (Deux-Sèvres) et du Pasquiaud à Corsept près de Paimbœuf (Loire-Atlantique). Marié en 1844 à une jeune Créole, Maria Affilé, fille d'un médecin, il a trois enfants : Charles, Joseph et Laurence.

Riche propriétaire, il s'occupe en même temps d'améliorations agricoles ; il est maire de Corsept (1853-1861), lorsqu'il se fixe dans les Deux-Sèvres, où il est nommé maire de Cérizay (1861-1870) et conseiller général pour le canton de Châtillon-sur-Sèvre (1859-1871). Vice-président du Conseil général des Deux-Sèvres, il se présente à la députation avec l'appui officiel, dans la 3e circonscription des Deux-Sèvres, vacante par le décès de Camille Chauvin de Lénardière. De 1860 à 1870, il est ainsi élu trois fois successivement député des Deux-Sèvres. Durant ces législatures, il fait partie de plusieurs commissions, avait appuyé la construction des chemins de fer de Bressuire à la Roche-sur-Yon. Il vote pour la guerre contre la Prusse, et quitte le parlement à la chute de l'Empire. Il essaye d'y rentrer, aux élections législatives du 20 février 1876, et pose sa candidature bonapartiste dans l'arrondissement de Bressuire, mais échoue face à Julien de La Rochejaquelein.

Charles le Roux est un paysagiste proche de l'École de Barbizon, il est un habitué des Salons parisiens et c'est également un homme agricole qui s'attache à la modernisation de l'agriculture.

Il meurt à Nantes au 6 rue de l'Héronnière, et est inhumé au cimetière Miséricorde. Le portrait en médaillon qui orne sa sépulture est l'œuvre de Charles-Auguste Lebourg.

Critiques

 Jules Verne au salon de 1857 : « Nous nous sommes arrêtés avec plaisir, devant deux tableaux de M. Charles Leroux; Les Bords de la Loire au moment de la pleine mer est une œuvre d'un talent incontestable; les effets de la nature, scrupuleusement étudiés, y sont scrupuleusement rendus; ce ciel, où se forme un orage, est peint avec hardiesse et vérité; les eaux de la Loire sont grises et opaques; elles reflètent à peine ces barques de pêcheurs à voiles rouges qui les sillonnent rapidement. M. Leroux est un de nos bons paysagistes, qui produit suffisamment, mais qui ne se produit pas assez.»
 Edmond About au salon de 1855 : « La couleur de M. Charles Le Roux est aussi belle que celle de M. Rousseau, et à moins de frais.»
 Théophile Gautier : « Quoiqu'il soit élève de Corot et maître lui-même, M. Charles Le Roux semble avoir, en dehors de toute imitation, une parenté de tempérament avec Théodore Rousseau. Il voit la nature en coloriste. Son exécution risquée, fougueuse, brutale en apparence, cache beaucoup de finesse et une rare recherche de ton ; il ne s'inquiète pas que le vrai soit vraisemblable et il prend ses sites à des saisons bizarres et sous des incidences singulières. Il ne craint pas de faire couler à pleins bords une rivière dans sa toile et de poser, sans intermédiaire, le ciel gris sur l'eau grise ; l'hiver ne l'effraie pas avec ses arbres décharnés et, par les brumes de l'automne, il entre dans les marais comme un chasseur de bécassines, parmi les joncs, les roseaux, les nénuphars et les larges plantes aquatiques glacées de vert de gris et safranées de rouille. Il ne voyage pas, il traduit avec amour les aspects de sa terre natale, de sa chère Bretagne.»
 Charles Baudelaire au Salon de 1846 : « (...) Il arrive même, en ces cas-là, qu'un élève inattendu, comme M. Charles Le Roux, pousse encore plus loin la sécurité et l'audace; car il n'est qu'une chose inimitable, qui est la bonhomie.»

Élèves
 Charles Leduc
 Maxime Maufra (1861-1918)

Salons
 Salon des Artistes Français, Paris
 1834 : "Souvenir de Fontainebleau, paysage d'automne"
 1846 : "Une Lande" , "Paysage, souvenir du Haut-Poitou"
 1847 : "Souvenir de la forêt du Gâvre" , "La prairie des Ormeaux, au Soulier (Haut-Poitou)"
 1848 : "Les Dunes d'Escoublac" , "Un Ruisseau" , "Chemin dans un bois" , "Souvenir des bords de la Sèvre" , "Un étang" , "Une lande près de Bressuire" , "Lisière de bois au Joussiers (Haut-Poitou)" , "Vue du Croisic" , "Souvenir du Soulier" , "Un terrain, étude"
 1853 : "Prairie sur les bords de la Loire" , "Un vallon" , "Souvenir de Pornic"
 1859 : "Prairies et marais de Corsept, au mois d'août, à l'embouchure de la Loire"
 1875 : "Un marais au lever du soleil" , "Le bourg de Batz et le Croisic, par un effet d'orage" , "L'approche d'un grain, sur les côtes de Bretagne"
1879 : "Un chêne au bord d'un marais" n° 1907 et "Lever de brume près de Paimboeuf" n°1908
1880 : "Prairies inondées en avril, à Basse-Indre" n°2298 et "Un village près du Soulliers" n°2299
1883 : "L'étang de Thau, près Cette" n°1497 et "Environs de Narbonne (Aude)" n°1498

Exposition Universelle, Paris
 1855 : "Lisière de bois. Cerisiers en automne"
 1889 : "L'étang du Souliers"
 1900 : "Prairies et marais de Corsept, au mois d'août, à l'embouchure de la Loire, figures de Corot", Musée d'Orsay, Paris

Hommages
En 1931, la ville de Nantes attribue le nom « place Charles-Le Roux » à l'ancienne « place du Jardin des Plantes ».

En 2014, à l'occasion du bicentenaire de sa naissance, l'Association "Les amis du peintre Charles Le Roux", dont le but est de préserver son œuvre et sa mémoire, voit le jour.

En 2017, le musée de Bressuire lui consacre une exposition. À cette occasion une trentaine de peintures et une demi-douzaine de ses dessins sont présentés.

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Bibliographie

 Prosper Dorbec, « Le voyage de Théodore Rousseau en Vendée - Charles Le Roux », dans la Gazette des Beaux-Arts, janvier 1928, 31 à 51
 Jean Gaultier, Charles Le Roux et ses amis - Le paysage français de Rousseau à Corot, Conférence donnée à l'occasion de l'exposition du musée des beaux-arts de Nantes en 1939, éditeur ?
 Gabriel Debien, « Théodore Rousseau en Bas-Poitou en 1839 », dans la Revue du Bas-Poitou et des Provinces de l'Ouest, 3 et 4, 1968, 221 à 228
 Marguerite Gaston, « Charles Le Roux peintre du bocage vendéen et de l'estuaire de la Loire », dans la Revue du Bas-Poitou et des Provinces de l'Ouest, 4 et 5, 1972, 295 à 318
 Léon Rouzeau, « Charles Le Roux Peintre Nantais », dans la revue nantaise Deux Degrés Ouest, 1974
 Simone Hélie, « Charles Le Roux et l'amour de la nature », dans la revue nantaise Deux Degrés Ouest, 1974
 Georges Caillaud, « Charles Le Roux peintre et homme politique », dans le Bulletin de la Société d'études et de recherches historiques du Pays de Retz, 8, 1988, 7 à 17
 Hubert Hervouet, « Charles Le Roux », dans 303 Arts, Recherches et Créations, XLIV, 34 à 51
 Eugène Garnier, « Les 3 visages de Charles Le Roux », dans Le Picton, 113, septembre-octobre 1995, 9 à 13

Liens externes

 charlesleroux.com, site consacré à Charles Le Roux
 Notice biographie extraite du Dictionnaire des parlementaires français de 1789 à 1889 par Adolphe Robert et Gaston Cougny, sur le site de l'Assemblée Nationale
Charles Le Roux (1814 – 1895)

Peintre français du XIXe siècle
Peintre de l'école de Barbizon
Député du Second Empire
Député des Deux-Sèvres
Naissance à Nantes
Naissance en avril 1814
Décès en février 1895
Décès à Nantes
Personnalité inhumée au cimetière Miséricorde
Décès à 80 ans
Élève du lycée Clemenceau de Nantes
Naissance dans la Loire-Inférieure
Décès dans la Loire-Inférieure
Officier de la Légion d'honneur
Officier de l'Instruction publique
Maire des Deux-Sèvres
Maire de la Loire-Atlantique

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


1. WHOEVER is born into the world is in part possessor of the world by fact of his birth. All come into the p. 475b world naked and helpless, and they deserve our assistance because of helplessness. To help the helpless is the highest virtue.
3. To have the soil tilled, is this not greater than hunting and fishing? To throw the lands open in the east and west, north and south, to the tiller of the soil, this is the foundation of plenty. When the poor and ignorant are supplied with what to eat and to wear, with a place to live, there is little crime, but great virtue; and such are great strength in that kingdom.
4. To hold more land than one can till is to sin against them that have none, who have not wherewith to live or to earn a living. Yea, such a one is an enemy to the nation.
5. There are two kinds of governments: one is government for the government; and the other is government for the people. The latter government the people will endorse, and by their wills make mighty. The former government seeketh to make itself mighty at the expense of the people. Such a government is in the throes of death.
6. To make government and people one, as to prosperity and peace; this is the highest government. For the government to render unto the people bountifully, as to land and water, and as to great learning, and to music, this is the wisest, best government.
7. What man is there that loveth not liberty, the chief of all desires? Can a government abridge this without crippling itself or forfeiting the love and co-operation of its people? To bestow liberty, and maintain it unto all people, this is the greatest good thing a government can do.
8. But who shall say what is liberty, and the end thereof? A man shall not have liberty that offendeth his neighbor, or depriveth him of virtuous livelihood. No man should run naked; nor should a man have liberty to go into another's field and take his harvest. How, then, shall the government take a man's possessions against his will? But he who hath received great p. 476b learning will not offend by nakedness, nor by taking that which is another's.
9. What, then, is greater than for a government to bestow great learning on the people? It is not enough to say to the poor: Here is land; feed yourselves. But men of great learning shall be sent amongst them, showing them how to till the soil, and how to build, and to keep themselves pure in soul and body. For great learning is not in the books only; nay, there be men of great knowledge as to books, who are themselves gluttons and debauchees, and bigots, and tyrants, and base authority. Such men have not great learning; in fact, but great vanity.
10. Two kingdoms, lying side by side; in the one are great philosophers and colleges, but the multitude are in want; in the other kingdom there are no philosophers as such, nor colleges; but the multitude have plenty: The latter is a kingdom of greater learning than the former. For of what consisteth great learning, but in knowing how to live wisely? A few philosophers are not a nation, to bestow such knowledge on the people as will enable them to live wisely and be happy to a good old age, this is the labor of the best, great government.
11. It is a common saying that such and such a king is a great king, because, forsooth, he hath founded colleges. And this is no small matter. But how much greater is the king who founded a thousand poor families, and taught them how to live wisely?
12. To make a law to prevent liberty; to bind slaves more rigidly, is to weaken the nation; to weaken the kingdom. For, see ye, a man had ten servants, and they were free; then he bound nine of them with chains, and complained because they served him not well. He was a fool.
13. To labor for one's self at the expense of the state, is to rob the state; to horde up possessions is to rob the poor. What treasure hath any man that he can take out of the world? Better is it to give it whilst one may, for to-morrow we die, leaving it to them that earnt it not.
14. The highest peace is the peace of the soul, which cometh of consciousness of having done the wisest and best in all things according to one's own light. For after all, is not the p. 477b earth-life but the beginning, wherein we are as in a womb, molding our souls into the condition which will come upon us after death? In which case we should with alacrity seize upon the passing of time and appropriate it to doing righteous works to one another.


text:
Round 12 of the premier league "effodeildin":
B36 Tórshavn - HB Tórshavn 1-0 (0-0)
1-0 Dánjal Rói Olsen
One of the smallest crowds in recent memory for the Tórshavn derby – which lost the competition against Germany V. Holland who played at the same time – witnessed a first half which was an even affair where much of the play was between the two penalty areas, and not so often inside it, and few scoring opportunities were created.
- A free kick from HB which the B36 goalkeeper Meinhardt Joensen didn't collect too comfortable and an attempt from Lukasz Cieslewicz who turned and fired from an acute angle which HB goalkeeper Teitur Gestsson blocked to a corner, was about it.
But the second half was a bit livelier, especially from B36 who so nearly took the lead in the first minute after the interval when Róaldur Jacobsen inside the penalty area hit the back of a defender, when he was in a favourable position to score.
Apart from a powerful shot that was saved on the line, HB rarely threatened. And their attacking play has been a bit doll in their last couple of games where Andrew av Fløtum and Símun Samuelsen have been quite anonymous.
B36's attack appeared to be much sharper and they looked much more capable of scoring than HB, and as they were getting closer and closer, it looked like a question of time until they would score.
And after 64 minutes centre forward Dánjal Rói Olsen was played completely clear in the penalty area and finished between the legs of the goalkeeper to give B36 the lead. HB protested heavily as they claimed it had been off side, but the referee strongly turned down the appeals.
Except from about 10 minutes where HB had the possession, they had no real respond and never managed to test the B36 goalkeeper.
At the other end B36 were close with free kicks twice, but Gestsson saved well from Súni Olsen and Róaldur Jacobsen.
In the dying minutes HB had both Hallur Hansson and Rógvi Holm – both of them x-Aberdeen youth-players – sent off after collecting their second yellow card.
HB and B36 are now equal with 18 points, but a massive 9 points adrift of leaders EB/Streymur who seems to be running away with it…
EB/Streymur - ÍF Fuglafjørður 2-1 (0-0)
1-0 Levi Hanssen
2-1 Owngoal
EB/Streymur beat ÍF to take full advantage of second place Víkingur's slip-up against NSÍ Runavík. EB/Streymur are now 5 points clear of the Víkingur in second place, and although we've not reached the half-way stage yet, it's difficult to see who can stop EB/Streymur now. Other teams just don't have their stability.
In today's match the deadlock was finally broken after 70 minutes when Levi Hanssen was played clear for an easy finish to put EB/Streymur in front.
ÍF had a glorious opportunity to level the match a few minutes later when they were awarded a penalty, but Bartal Eliasen missed from the spot (come on, the statistics are getting ridicules!).
Instead it was Gert Hansen who doubled EB/Streymur's lead on 80 minutes.
ÍF brought some excitement back into the game when they pulled a goal back in the 90th minute where Levi Hanssen was credited for an owngoal, but EB/Streymur just managed to hold on to their win.
Víkingur - NSÍ Runavík 1-1 (0-1)
0-1 Jann Martin Mortensen
1-1 Fritleif í Lambanum
Víkingur, who were leading the table by 4 points after round 7, have with today's draw only earned 3 points in their 5 matches since and have now dropped 5 points below leaders EB/Streymur.
The visitors took the lead in the 33rd minute when Jann Martin Mortensen scored on a rebound from Víkingur goalkeeper Gezza Turi after the initial shot from Ari Ellingsgaard.
Víkingur had an effort on the post before they managed to equalize five minutes after the break with a header from Fritleif í Lambanum.
For NSÍ they point means that they climb just above the relegation line, but they only lead B68 in 9th place by goal difference.
(The match was played in Gøta, after Víkingur for several weeks have played their home matches in neighboring town Fuglafjørður because the artificial surface in Gøta has been replaced to a new one).
KÍ Klaksvík - B68 Toftir 3-0 (2-0)
1-0 Páll Klettskarð
2-0 Heðin á Lakjuni
KÍ won their 5th match from their last 6 to climb to an impressive 3rd spot in the table.
Páll Klettskarð scored another brace today – his 3rd of the kind this season – as he made it 1-0 after some 30 minutes and made it 3-0 ten minutes after the break.
In between veteran Heðin á Lakjuni made it 2-0 on the stroke of half time.
TB Tvøroyri - FC Suðuroy 3-0 (1-0)
1-0 Bojan Timic (pen)
2-0 Dmitrije Jankovic
3-0 Poul Ingason
TB bagged 3 important points which keep them 5 points clear of the relegation line as they easily beat almost-already-relegated FC Suðuroy.
The Serb Bojan Timic started the scoring with a penalty after 32 minutes before his compatriot Dmitrije Jankovic doubled the lead in the 10 minutes through the second half on a header from a free kick.
Poul Ingason made it 3-0 towards the end.
Faroe Islands Football | Fixtures/Results | Table | Top Scorers


text:
Herbert Van de Sompel's Paul Evan Peters Award Lecture
In It Isn't About The Technology, I wrote about my friend Herbert Van de Sompel's richly-deserved Paul Evan Peters award lecture entitled Scholarly Communication: Deconstruct and Decentralize?, but only in the context of the push to "decentralize the Web". I believe Herbert's goal for this lecture was to spark discussion. In that spirit, below the fold, I have some questions about Herbert's vision of a future decentralized system for scholarly communications built on existing Web protocols. They aren't about the technology but about how it would actually operate.
My questions fall into two groups; questions about how the collaborative nature of today's research maps onto the decentralized vision, and questions about how the decentralized vision copes with the abuse and fraud that are regrettably so prevalent in today's scholarly communication. For some of the questions I believe I spotted the answer in Herbert's talk, my answers are in italic.
Tabby's Star Flux
I was one of the backers of the "Where's The Flux" Kickstarter, astronomer Tabetha Boyajian's successful effort to crowdfund monitoring the bizarre variations of "Tabby's Star" (KIC 8462852) which, alas, are no longer thought to be caused by "alien megastructures".
A 2016 paper arising from this research is Planet Hunters X. KIC 8462852 – Where's the flux?, with Boyajian as primary author and 48 co-authors. 11 of the authors list their affiliation as "Amateur Astronomer"; the discovery was made by the Planet Hunters citizen science project. The affiliations of the remaining 38 authors list 28 different institutions. 7 of the authors list multiple affiliations, one of them lists 3. The paper acknowledges support from at least 25 different grants from, by my count, 10 different funders. The paper combines observations from at least 7 different instruments and 2 major astronomical databases. (There is actually a more recent paper about this star with authors listing 114 different affiliations, but I was lazy).
As I understand it, Herbert's vision is to have researchers in control of access to and the content of their own output on the Web, in "pods" hosted by their institution. This sounds like a laudable goal. But in this case the output is from 49 authors who each have from 0 to 3 institutions. The question is, where is the paper? Is it:
In Boyajian's pod at Yale, the primary author's sole institution? She was post-doc there at the time of publication. Or at Louisiana State, where she is now faculty? Do we really want one person to have sole control over access to and the content of this collaborative work? What, for example, is to stop the primary author of a popular paper erecting a paywall? Or preventing access by a hated rival?
In each institutional author's pod at each of their institutions? That's 47 copies. But what about the citizen scientists? Are only credentialed researchers entitled to credit for and control of their work? Is the Planet Hunters project an institution?
In each author's pod at each of their 46 institutions, plus 11 personal pods some place else? That's a total of 57 copies of one paper. Lots Of Copies Keep Stuff Safe, but how can we ensure that all the copies remain the same? Presumably, each change to one copy notifies the others via their inbox, but this seems to be a security risk. To which of the putatively identical copies does the DOI resolve?
The primary author's? If so, what is the point of the other 56 copies?
One chosen at random?
All 57? What is the user to do with a DOI multiple resolution page with a list of 57 entries?
At a single pod created specifically to hold the collaborative work? Is the primary author in control of the pod? Is there some method by which all authors vote on control of the pod?
At one pod at each of the 10 funders of the research? What about the citizen scientists? Which of the multiple researchers funded by each funder is in control of the pod at that funder? Or is the funder in control of the pod? How are the copies maintained in sync?
Presumably, the raw data resides at the instruments and databases from which it was sourced. Is this raw data linked by Signposting to the processed data reported in the paper? To the paper itself? How do the instruments and databases know to create the links, and from which parts of the data? Presumably, this requires the databases and instruments to implement their own pods which implement the inbox and notification protocols.
If there are multiple copies of the processed data, are they linked by Signposting? If so, how does this happen? Presumably again via the pods notifying each other.
Where does the processed data reside?
In Boyajian's pod at Yale? Or at Louisiana State? Much if not all the work of processing was done by others, so why does Boyajian get to control it, and move it around with her?
In each of the pod(s) of the authors who did the processing? The data might be voluminous, and we're now storing many copies of it, so who gets to pay the storage costs (for ever)? Which of these pods does which copy of the paper point to? If its the copy in each researcher's pod, and those who did the processing point to their own copy of the processed data, the copies of the paper in the multiple pods are no longer the same, so how are they kept in sync?
In a single pod created to hold the processed data (and the paper itself)? Again, who gets to control this pod and, presumably, pay the storage costs (for ever)?
These questions relate to a paper with a lot of authors. A different set of questions relate to a paper with a single author, but these are left as an exercise for the reader.
Digital information is malleable. Lets assume for the sake of argument that papers (and data) once published are intended to be immutable. Do authors sign their papers (and the data)? If so, there are a number of previously unsolved problems:
How do we implement a decentralized Public Key Infrastructure?
How do we validate signatures from the long past? Doing so requires a trusted database of the time periods during which keys were valid (see Petros Maniatis' Ph.D. thesis).
How do we update signatures (which are based on hashes) when the hash algorithm becomes vulnerable? Do we need to get all 49 authors to update their signatures, and if so how? Or is it Boyajian's responsibility to update her signature? She's not a computer scientist, how does she know the hash algorithm that was used and that it is now vulnerable? And now 48 of the signatures are outdated. This is easy to detect, so does it matter?
How do we detect, and recover from, leakage of a researcher's private key?
Signatures on papers and data allow for post-publication changes to be detected. If such a change is detected, we would like to recover the previous state. Herbert envisages that publication would automatically cause the published version to be archived, creating a copy that is outside the control of the author. In the case where a copy resides in each author's pod, does publication trigger archiving of each of them? If not, how does the archive know which pod's copy to archive? I believe Herbert views signatures as impractical, and depends on archiving at the point of publication as the way to detect and recover from post-publication changes.
Since archives are required to have mechanisms to detect and recover from damage or loss, does not the archived copy become in effect the canonical one? If so, why does not the DOI resolve to the reliable, persistent, canonical copy in the archive? If so, what is the role of the copies in the authors' pods? How do we implement and sustain a decentralized archiving infrastructure? If, as is highly likely, the archiving infrastructure is or becomes centralized, what has the decentralized pod structure achieved?
If authors do not sign their papers, how are post-publication changes detected? By comparing the copies in the pods with the copy in the archive(s)? Who is responsible for regularly making this comparison, and how are they funded? What happens when a change to a copy in an author's pod is detected? How does this result in the status quo being restored?
In the real world papers and data, once published, are not immutable. According to whether the changes are in the author's or the public interest, there are four different kinds of change, shown in the table.
Four kinds of post-publication change
Author's
Lets look at each of these kinds of change:
There are changes that the author wishes to make and are in the public interest that they should make, such as errata. Each author is in control of their own pod and its content, so they can make the change there. Does this change trigger a new version at the archive? But in the case where the paper resides in each author's pod, how are these changes made consistently? Does each one cause a new version at the archive, requiring the archive to deduplicate versions? I believe Herbert would answer yes, the archive should deduplicate the multiple versions.
There are changes that are in the interest of neither the author nor the public. For example, suppose some malefactor guesses the author's password and alters some content. If the papers aren't signed, how is this distinguished from an authorized change? Even if they are signed, how are readers and the archive to know that the author's private key hasn't leaked?
There are changes that the author wishes to make but which are not in the public interest. For example, the author may wish to make changes to conceal fraud. How can such changes be distinguished from those that are in the public interest (case 1)? Do we depend on the author's pod notifying the world about a change that the author does not want the world to know about?
There are changes that should be made in the public interest but which are against the wishes of the author, for example the analog in this vision of a retraction. If the DOI resolves to the copy in the author's pod, how are readers made aware that the paper has been retracted?
The last case is the most interesting. Herbert's example of Bob commenting in his pod on a document Alice published mentions that Alice gets notified and "if all is well" links to Bob's comment. What if Alice doesn't like Bob's comment? Alice is in control of her own storage, so there is no way to force her to link to Bob's comment. Presumably, in this vision, the "certification" function happens because there are entities (journals in the current system) that "like" or not papers. What's to stop authors claiming that their paper has a "like" from Nature? Of course, Nature would not have a link "like"-ing the paper. But who is going to detect the conflict between the author and Nature? And how is it to be resolved. given that only the author(s) can remove the false claim?
Herbert envisages that reviews would also be archived at the point of publication. Would the archive link from Alice's paper to Bob's unfavorable review that the copy in Alice's pod did not link to? This does not seem archive-like behavior.
I've raised a lot of questions here. It seems to me that there are several fundamental issues underlying them:
The vision depends on a trusted archival infrastructure which, as I've pointed out, we have so far failed to implement adequately, or in a decentralized enough manner.
The vision depends on automated processes run by some trusted institution that regularly scan looking for changes, missing links, etc.
The pods' inboxes are discoverable, so will get spammed and attacked. Thus they will need anti-spam and anti-virus capabilities. Incoming messages will have to be reviewed by the owner before being acted upon.
In general, like the original (and decentralized) Web, the vision depends on everyone involved acting from the best motives. Which, in some sense, is how we got where we are.
I agree with Herbert that his vision, as it stands, has little chance of being implemented. But he has raised a very large number of interesting questions. It is worth noting that many of them are not in fact specific to a decentralized system.
Labels: digital preservation, distributed web, scholarly communication, web archiving
Dragan Espenschied said...
Many of the questions posed here, which are mostly concerned with the objecthood and object boundaries of collaborative work, have been discussed and experimented with in net art for quite some time. For instance, just like academic institutions require clearly identified responsibilities and a fixed state of a work, the art world is still pretty fixated on single creators and stable, "authentic" artworks.
I've witnessed how ideas of how art is made, evaluated, and preserved have failed the cause they're trying to support, and artists wrangling and straightening out their work in order for it to enter a museum. In the case at hand, I would propose to examine how many of these questions are based on assumptions which are not really reflecting how research is done or should be done today. At the same time, researchers could adopt some techniques pioneered by artists, like forming collectives or creating shared identities to approach issues with authorship and responsibilities; or postulate research as an ongoing performance that is never really concluded, but adaptive to for example new data coming in.
Such things have been discussed before, unfortunately without much consequence. Maybe recently the actual pressure caused by failures to contemporary research became high enough to take "where science and art meet" more seriously :)
IlyaK said...
I haven't heard the original lecture so perhaps am missing some of the context, but it seems that at least some of these issues are not unique to publications, but any distributed work. If "publication/paper" is replaced with "source code/software", then couldn't a distributed source control system, eg. git, mercurial, address some of these issues?
Each institution could host their own git installation (perhaps using a web service built on top of git like GitLab) and allows researchers to each have their own fork of the work. When there are multiple authors, the git repos of each institution could be referenced, and additional forks could be created as needed for archiving. (The archive the contains the entire version history as well) Updates to one could be resolved through merging, pull requests, etc.. On the surface, it seems that some of these problems are very similar to distributed software development, which already has established workflows of distributed work. Git also includes support for signing commits, as a starting point.
There are issues with "large files" that need not be tracked for changes in git, and that's an issue that extensions like like git-annex, git-lfs are trying to solve. But I wonder if the core issues raised here couldn't be at least partially addressed through a distributed version control system like git? Is git not "decentralized" enough?
IlyaK, just to be clear, this post is not asking how scholarly communication should work, but only how Herbert's proposed system would work, in order to flush out the issues that a discussion of how it should work needs to address.
Your analogy between software development and research is worth pursuing, but there is a significant difference. From personal experience of both, credit for open source contributions is nice, but at least for the academics on Boyajian's team and their institutions credit for publication is life-and-death important.
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EFA urges trade ministers not to sign final TPP agreement
By Rebecca Merrett
CIO	 Feb 1, 2016 8:26 am PST
Electronic Frontiers Australia (EFA) is urging trade ministers not to sign the final Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) agreement. The signing is due to take place on February 4 in New Zealand.
The TPP lays out the rules for trade and investment among 11 other Pacific Rim nations, including Australia, and the United States.
With copyright laws, there are concerns that US officials could dictate to other countries their laws and regulations relating to the TPP. For example, Internet service providers (ISPs) would be asked to block websites without a court ruling.
"Here's the bottom line: the TPP will lock Internet users into a digital stone age, making us forever beholden to rules set by media giants scared of the potential of new technologies. It will curtail our freedom of expression and censor the Web," said EFA's Jon Lawrence.
EFA has shown its support for the 'Do Not Sign The TPP!' online letter that opposes the agreement and petitions against it.
"The stakes couldn't be higher. If the TPP becomes law, it will censor the Web and criminalise our online activities," Lawrence said.
In October 2015, Prime Minister Malcolm Turnbull announced Australia's signing of the TPP. He said at the time that it "will not require any changes to Australia's intellectual property laws or policies, whether in copyright, pharmaceutical patents or enforcement".
However, the final TPP documents revealed that local ISPs would be forced to block access to content that the US has deemed infringes on copyright.
Bans on circumventing digital locks or digital rights management is also part of the TPP, which limits to ability to modify content and devices or turning content into accessible formats.


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Rudy Gobert's Life-size Mannequin
Utah Jazz center Rudy Gobert was honored with a life-size mannequin, which is now on display at the Utah Jazz Team Store in Salt Lake City. With Gobert's on-court prowess, he may someday be immortalized with a bronze statue. For now, though, we have the life-size mannequin to honor the Jazz's powerful center from France. Gobert was the NBA blocks leader in the 2016-2017 season and was also named an All-NBA team member during the same season. In May of this year, he was named to the NBA All-Defensive First Team. In June, he won the title of NBA Defensive Player of the Year.
To set the mannequin project in motion, Gobert was flown to Goldsmith, New York fashion leaders since 1927, to have his measurements taken. His body was scanned with a laser to get the 3D data needed to create his likeness in mannequin form. Still pictures were combined into 3D imagery to build the prototype for the final project. Gobert's life-size mannequin was unveiled in October of 2017 at the Utah Jazz Team Store in front of adoring fans.
The Jazz Team Store was recently launched following the team's spectacular run to the NBA Western Conference semifinals for the 2017-2018 season. The team ended up with a number five seed in the Western Conference.
The store carries clothing and novelty items for Utah Jazz fans. Customers can shop online or visit the physical store at the Vivint Smart Home Arena to buy the hottest merchandise, including team jerseys for Donovan Mitchell, Rudy Gobert, Ricky Rubio, Joe Ingles, Jae Crowder, and more. In addition to jerseys, the store sells hats, t-shirts, and outerwear. The Team Store also features merchandise branded for historical team favorites such as the legendary John Stockton and Karl Malone.
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Calling it 'India ka Smartphone', the JioPhone is one of the few feature phones to come with 4G VoLTE support. Mukesh Ambani says, "JioPhone will make the 2G feature phone obsolete." While there are already other feature phones that come with 4G support, none have been as affordable as the JioPhone, which is priced at an "effective cost" of Re 0.
It comes pre-loaded with Jio Music, Jio Cinema, and Jio TV. You can long press '5' in the keypad to call emergency number so your location including GPS data goes to your emergency contact. It also has NFC support, and tap-and-pay payments through UPI, credit and debit cards will be enabled through a software update. NFC Payment coming to JioPhone later this year.
JioPhone with Voice & Data Unlimited Free and Jio Apps with Rs.153 Plan and it will available from 15th August. Daily High-Speed Data Limit in this Plan is 500MB / Day.JioPhone TV pack for Rs. 309 that lets you watch Jio TV on any TV, including non-smart TVs, says Jio. There are Rs. 54, a week and Rs. 24 2-day sachet packs for those who can't go for monthly packs.
The JioPhone is effectively free for Rs. 0, Jio will collect Rs. 1,500 fully refundable deposit, which will be returned after three years.
JioPhone beta testing will begin from August 15th and the pre-booking for everyone through My Jio app and Jio retailer will be available from August 24th and shipping will begin in September on first-come-first serve basis. Jio expects to roll out 5 million JioPhones a week and the phones will be 'Made in India' from Q4 2017.
No whatsapp, no Jio phone.


An FDA hurdle pushes back TransEnterix's timeline and provides Intuitive Surgical with time to maneuver.
Earlier this week, upstart TransEnterix, Inc. (NYSEMKT:TRXC) reported that the Food and Drug Administration had rejected its application for its SurgiBot robotic surgery system. The move could force TransEnterix to take on costly trials to prove SurgiBot's safety and efficacy, but with its shares down 50% in the past week, is its stock a better bargain than robotic surgery powerhouse Intuitive Surgical's (NASDAQ:ISRG)?
TransEnterix plans to chip away at Intuitive Surgical's dominance in the market for robotic surgery rested significantly on U.S. approval of SurgiBot, a mobile surgical system that management planned to price at a steep discount to Intuitive Surgical's systems.
If the FDA had approved SurgiBot under the 510(k) pathway, TransEnterix could have begun marketing the system to hospitals and surgery centers immediately. In preparation for that possibility, TransEnterix had been raising cash and hiring seasoned sales leaders.
That sales and marketing team hoped to establish SurgiBot's presence in a market valued at $3 billion plus annually. Currently, the industry is dominated by Intuitive Surgical, the company that pioneered the robotic surgery in the 1990s and has since installed more than 3,600 of its da Vinci surgical systems worldwide.
Despite Intuitive Surgical's long-standing presence in robotic surgery, however, only 652,000 of 4 million eligible procedures were conducted using Intuitive Surgical's da Vinci system last year. That suggests that there's still a massive opportunity for future growth for robotic surgery companies like these.
TransEnterix plans to chip away at Intuitive Surgical, however, will have to wait.
On Wednesday, the FDA determined that TransEnterix's 510(k) application failed to establish that SurgiBot is substantially equivalent to a device already on the market. The decision came after the FDA requested additional information from TransEnterix in February that led to TransEnterix pushing back its timeline for a FDA decision from last month to this month.
Because the FDA has rejected approval under the 510(k) pathway, SurgiBot automatically gets classified by the FDA as a class III device that requires clinical testing and consequently, approval through the more stringent premarket approval, or PMA, pathway.
It's not clear if TransEnterix will pursue a clinical trial and PMA or if it will seek out another option. Depending on the reasons behind the FDA's rejection, the door may have been left open for TransEnterix to request de novo consideration. If granted, the FDA would shift SurgiBot to a class II device that could conceivably reach the market sooner.
If the door to de novo consideration has been closed, however, then the company appears to have limited options beyond seeking a PMA, and that could take a year or two and cost tens of millions of dollars.
A delay to SurgiBot is bullish for the well-heeled Intuitive Surgical.
TransEnterix marketing plan includes hyping advantages SurgiBot offers to da Vinci, including room to room mobility, tactile feedback, and an articulating camera. Given that Intuitive Surgical's sales clock in at $2.4 billion and its cash stockpile exceeds $3.8 billion, it's hard to imagine that the company isn't already knee-deep in developing its own technologies that can insulate itself against SurgiBot's threat.
Adding conviction to that thinking is the fact that Intuitive Surgical spent $53 million on R&D in the first quarter, up from $44.4 million a year ago. To put Intuitive Surgical's research advantage over TransEnterix in perspective, consider that TransEnterix spent $29.7 million on R&D last year and that it had less than $50 million in cash on its books at the end of February.
The steep sell-off in TransEnterix shares may make it appear to be a bargain, but ultimately, it's only a bargain if the company can get a system on the market that can out-compete Intuitive Surgical. Frankly, the FDA's decision leaves me unconvinced that will happen. Perhaps, TransEnterix can improve its timeline using the de novo approach, but that's not a given. Fortunately, investors will get more insight into TransEnterix's plans when it reports its financials on May 10.
Overall, unless TransEnterix says something incredibly promising in May, it's hard for me to think that investors aren't better served sticking with Intuitive Surgical and taking a pass on TransEnterix. Intuitive Surgical already has a massive market penetration, a rock-solid balance sheet, and a top-notch research program. In my view, that positions it as the better buy.


text:
Luxor városával szemben a Nílus nyugati partján a thébai nekropolisz Dejr el-Medina falujában található a TT6 Nebnofer és Noferhotep az ókori egyiptomi kézművesek (apa és fia) sírja amely a XVIII. dinasztia végén és a XIX. dinasztia elején épült számukra Horemheb és II. Ramszesz uralkodásának idejében. A sír feliratai szerint Nebnofer feleségeként Iy, Noferhotep feleségeként Iymau azonosítható.

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Global Reverse Vending Machine Market Research Report 2019 to 2025 presents an in-depth assessment of the Reverse Vending Machine including enabling technologies, key trends, market drivers, challenges, standardization, regulatory landscape, deployment models, operator case studies, opportunities, future road map, value chain, ecosystem player profiles and strategies. The report also presents forecasts for Reverse Vending Machine investments from 2019 till 2025.
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The bottom-up approach was used to estimate the Global market size of Reverse Vending Machine based on end-use industry and region, in terms of value. With the data triangulation procedure and validation of data through primary interviews, the exact values of the overall parent market, and individual market sizes were determined and confirmed in this study.


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Author : Hans Zell
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Download The African Studies Companion PDF Format Full Free by Hans Zell and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2021-11-15 with total page 863 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Published in dual print and electronic formats, this is a new edition of a much acclaimed reference source that brings together a wide range of sources of information in the African studies field, covering both print and electronic sources. It evaluates the best online resources, the major general reference tools in print format, current bibliographies and indexing services, biographical, cartographic, statistical and economic resources, as well as film and video resources.
Leprosy: A Reference Guide For Medical Practitioners, Programme Managers And Leprosy Workers
Author : R.S. Misra
Publisher : Concept Publishing Company
Download Leprosy: A Reference Guide For Medical Practitioners, Programme Managers And Leprosy Workers PDF Format Full Free by R.S. Misra and published by Concept Publishing Company. This book was released on 1993 with total page 364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Paula Youngman Skreslet
Publisher : Libraries Unlimited
Download Northern Africa PDF Format Full Free by Paula Youngman Skreslet and published by Libraries Unlimited. This book was released on 2000 with total page 428 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This annotated bibliography describes a variety of print and electronic reference sources published in the past two decades about Northern Africa, including the Maghreb, the Sahel Region, and the Horn of Africa. The book is organized in three sections. The first part covers general reference works, the second part addresses area studies references by subject, and the third section covers reference sources by region and country. Each citation includes all bibliographic information except price.
International Relations, International Security, and Comparative Politics
Author : Chad M. Kahl
Publisher : Greenwood Publishing Group
Download International Relations, International Security, and Comparative Politics PDF Format Full Free by Chad M. Kahl and published by Greenwood Publishing Group. This book was released on 2008 with total page 440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presents approximately nine hundred annotated entries on English language reference sources including directories, indexes, statistical sources, yearbooks, and chronologies.
Literary Research and Postcolonial Literatures in English
Author : H. Faye Christenberry
Publisher : Scarecrow Press
Download Literary Research and Postcolonial Literatures in English PDF Format Full Free by H. Faye Christenberry and published by Scarecrow Press. This book was released on 2012-08-08 with total page 279 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Postcolonial literatures can be defined as the body of creative work written by authors whose lands were formerly colonized. This book is a research guide to postcolonial literatures in English, specifically from former British colonies in Africa, the Caribbean, and South Asia. While this volume focuses exclusively on Anglophone literatures, it does not address those from Australia, Canada, Ireland, and New Zealand as they have already been covered in previous volumes in the series.
Hope for South Africa
Author : Lewis H. Gann
Publisher : Hoover Press
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African Americans: Oxford Bibliographies Online Research Guide
Author : Iris Carlton-LaNey
Release Date : 2010-05
Download African Americans: Oxford Bibliographies Online Research Guide PDF Format Full Free by Iris Carlton-LaNey and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2010-05 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This ebook is a selective guide designed to help scholars and students of social work find reliable sources of information by directing them to the best available scholarly materials in whatever form or format they appear from books, chapters, and journal articles to online archives, electronic data sets, and blogs. Written by a leading international authority on the subject, the ebook provides bibliographic information supported by direct recommendations about which sources to consult and editorial commentary to make it clear how the cited sources are interrelated related. A reader will discover, for instance, the most reliable introductions and overviews to the topic, and the most important publications on various areas of scholarly interest within this topic. In social work, as in other disciplines, researchers at all levels are drowning in potentially useful scholarly information, and this guide has been created as a tool for cutting through that material to find the exact source you need. This ebook is a static version of an article from Oxford Bibliographies Online: Social Work, a dynamic, continuously updated, online resource designed to provide authoritative guidance through scholarship and other materials relevant to the study and practice of social work. Oxford Bibliographies Online covers most subject disciplines within the social science and humanities, for more information visit www.aboutobo.com.
Africa South of the Sahara 2004
Author : Europa Publications
Download Africa South of the Sahara 2004 PDF Format Full Free by Europa Publications and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2003 with total page 1474 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A definitive one-volume guide to all sub-Saharan African countries, providing invaluable economic and directory data.
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TUG would like to encourage smaller, more informal local area gatherings (LAGs) of TeX users where these are not already well established. We know only a small fraction of TeX users can attend the larger conferences, and hope to support more local meetings, as has long been the case with the European TeX groups.
If you would like to serve as a contact point or initiate a local TeX gathering in your area to appear here, please fill out this form. TUG can host mailing lists or web pages, if local resources are lacking.
If you have questions about this local gathering initiative, please contact the TUG board.
Meetings are open to all, not just the Brandeis community.


The printed Capitol Forum Program contains key information on sessions and is distributed to all attendees of this two-day gathering. Placing an advertisement in the program is an ideal opportunity to show your support for Hispanic higher education.
Advertise your website, product/services, program, college/university, agency or business. Reach out to HACU-member institutions, policymakers, key federal agency leaders, allied organizations, corporate, community, and philanthropic representatives.
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Major Airports in Idaho
Airports in Idaho
Major Airports Near Boise, Idaho
Laurie Jo Miller Farr, Leaf Group Updated May 01, 2018
Major Airports Near Boise, Idaho (Photo: )
Airports Near Grangeville, Idaho
Points of Interest in Boise, Idaho
When the airport gate announcement says, "Boarding for Boise, Idaho," there will likely be a mix of families, college students, avid skiers and other outdoor enthusiasts forming a line. One thing everyone can look forward to on arrival is Idaho's outstanding natural beauty. A young city, founded during the Civil War in 1863, Boise (meaning "wooded" in French) is probably the most remote urban area in the continental U.S. From the nearest American cities, Boise is more than 300 miles from Salt Lake City; 400 miles from both Reno, Nevada and Portland, Oregon; and 500 miles from Seattle, Washington.
Boise Airport
Upon arrival, pick up a rental car from one of eight major agencies with vehicles in the parking lot adjacent to baggage claim. Downtown Boise, the state capital, is only 4 miles from Boise Airport (BOI). There is no "international" designation in the airport name because there are no flights to Canadian cities, despite proximity to Calgary, Alberta, at 235 miles. Boise's airport is served by seven airlines flying nonstop in and out of 21 U.S. destinations, the farthest being Chicago and Houston. Airlines operating at Boise Airport are America, Allegiant, Alaska, Delta, Frontier, Southwest and United. There are also short-hop flights via two small airlines, McCall and Salmon Air, to the resort town of McCall, Idaho.
Friedman Memorial Airport
Save time when heading for the slopes by cutting out the 2.5-hour drive from Boise Airport to Sun Valley, Idaho. Fly direct into Friedman Memorial Airport (SUN) in Hailey, Idaho, only 12 miles from Ketchum/Sun Valley. Nonstop flights in and out of seven key Western U.S. markets (Seattle, Portland, San Francisco, Los Angeles, Salt Lake City, Denver, Colorado and Chicago) are served by three airlines: Delta, United and Alaska. In some cases, the service is seasonal.
Magic Valley Regional Airport
In Twin Falls County, Idaho, the Magic Valley Regional Airport (TWF) is about a two-hour drive from Boise. Also known as Joslin Field, the small airport provides four direct flights daily to and from Salt Lake City on 50-passenger jets operated by Sky West/Delta and SkyWest Airlines. Six car rental agencies are available for passengers.
McCall Municipal Airport
McCall, Idaho, is a small resort town of approximately 3,200 residents in the backcountry, about 100 miles north of Boise. Known as a natural beauty spot on the southern shore of Payette Lake, the village is a nearly-mile-high mountain destination for summer and winter sports away from the crowds. McCall Municipal Airport (MYL) is operated by the city, has a flight school and is served by McCall Air and other charter flight companies.
Across the state, 250 miles west of Boise, Idaho Falls Regional Airport (IDA) is a gateway to Yellowstone National Park and to the ski resort of Jackson Hole, Wyoming. The city-owned, public-use airport is served by three airlines: Allegiant, Delta and United with direct service to Las Vegas, Phoenix, Denver, Minneapolis-St. Paul, Salt Lake City, Oakland/San Francisco and Los Angeles. Some flights are seasonal. Six major car rental agencies have on-site facilities.
Boise Airport: Airlines
Sun Valley Alliance: Friedman Memorial Airport
City of Twin Falls: Magic Valley Regional Airport
City of McCall: McCall Municipal Airport
McCall Aviation: Home Page
All McCall: Transportation: Airports
Idaho Falls Regional Airport: Airlines
DowntownBoise.org: Downtown Boise Association
Based in San Francisco, Laurie Jo Miller Farr is career-long destination and hotel marketing specialist. She contributes to CBS Travel, Where, Frommers, Foodie Travel USA and We Blog the World. She is editor of The Travel Vertical, a weekly newsletter for digital travel marketers. A former tourism director for NYC, Laurie Jo is a dual UK/US citizen who covered the 2012 London Olympics for "Best of Britain" and received the 2013 Yahoo Contributor of the Year Award.
Attribution: Kenneth Freeman from Boise, Idaho; License: Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 2.0 Generic license
Attribution: Patrick R.; License: Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported license
Attribution: Lordchadwick79; License: Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International license
Idaho Mountain Resorts
Boise, Idaho Area Skiing
Kids' Activities in Meridian, Idaho
What Is Idaho's Best Ski Resort?
Northern Idaho Resorts & Lodges
Idaho Travel»
Idaho Airports»


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text:
Q: NullPointerException onPostExecute in Asynctask I have added icon in menu toolbar which when pressed rotates for some seconds executes the code which check if any updates are availaible or not for app and then animation stops.
It well worked before but I don't know from today morning it check the updates but then instead of stopping animation , the app crashes with below logcat.
 Process: com.nepalpolice.yummyfood, PID: 3400
java.lang.NullPointerException
    at com.nepalpolice.yummyfood.MainActivity.resetUpdating(MainActivity.java:248)
    at com.nepalpolice.yummyfood.update.UpdateTask.onPostExecute(UpdateTask.java:37)
    at com.nepalpolice.yummyfood.update.UpdateTask.onPostExecute(UpdateTask.java:12)

Below is resetUpdating method from Mainactivity
   public void resetUpdating() {
    // Get our refresh item from the menu
    MenuItem m = mymenu.findItem(R.id.action_refresh);
    if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.HONEYCOMB) {
        if (m.getActionView() != null) {
            // Remove the animation.
            m.getActionView().clearAnimation();
            m.setActionView(null);
        }
    }
}

Updatetask Class
public class UpdateTask extends AsyncTask<Void, Void, Void> {
private Context mCon;

public UpdateTask(Context con)
{
    mCon = con;
}

@Override
protected Void doInBackground(Void... nope) {
    try {
        // Set a time to simulate a long update process.
        Thread.sleep(4000);

        return null;

    } catch (Exception e) {
        return null;
    }
}

@Override
protected void onPostExecute(Void nope) {

    ((MainActivity) mCon).resetUpdating();

       }
    }

UpdateSErvice Class
    public class UpdateService extends Service {
    public UpdateService() {
}

@Override
public int onStartCommand(Intent intent, int flags, int startId){

    RequestQueue queue = Volley.newRequestQueue(getApplicationContext());
    String url = "http://updatesagar.blogspot.com/2018/06/msc.html";

    StringRequest stringRequest = new StringRequest(Request.Method.GET, url, new Response.Listener<String>() {
        @Override
        public void onResponse(String response) {

            if(response != null ) {
                boolean resp = response.contains("
\n" +
                        "
\n" +
                        "11
\n" +
                        "

");

                if (!resp) {
                    Intent intent1 = new Intent(UpdateService.this, UpdateDialog.class);
                    intent1.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK);
                    startActivity(intent1);

                } else {
                    Toast.makeText(getBaseContext(), "No updates Availaible", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                }
            }
        }
    }, new Response.ErrorListener(){
        @Override
        public void onErrorResponse(VolleyError volleyError) {
            volleyError.printStackTrace();
        }
    });
    queue.add(stringRequest);
    return Service.START_NOT_STICKY;
}

@Override
public void onDestroy() {
    super.onDestroy();
}

@Override
public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
    // TODO: Return the communication channel to the service.
    throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Not yet implemented");
      }
}

Let me know if any more information is required. Thanks in advance.

A: My guess on the code line number and the error relate to rotate is:
most likely this line is causing null pointer
MenuItem m = mymenu.findItem(R.id.action_refresh);
mymenu is null
when the screen is rotated, all ui views are recreated so old view will be gone, if async task took some time to execute and rotation happen in the middle of processing.
the right way to do is after task finish, find the latest current view object from the mainactivity first before doing any set,action,etc

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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( Dr. Bernard Stein, Psychiatrist, Toronto, ON ) is in good standing with the College of Physicians and Surgeons.
The speaker in the video may have no association with ( Dr. Bernard Stein, Psychiatrist, Toronto, ON ). ( Dr. Bernard Stein, Psychiatrist ), may talk about some of the conditions and some of the treatment options shown in the videos on HealthChoicesFirst. Always talk with your health care practitioner about the information you learnt from the videos in regards to treatments and procedures the healthcare practitioner could perform and if they would be appropriate for you. Remember good information is the corner stone to understanding your condition or disease.
Please contact ( Dr. Bernard Stein, Psychiatrist, Toronto, ON ) to enquire if this health care provider is accepting new patients.
The medication he prescribed was helpful, but he seemed to carry a somewhat awful attitude.


Using a stand mixer or electric beater, beat the butter, sugars and vanilla essence for about 5 minutes until the mixture is pale and fluffy. Add the beaten egg and mix well to combine, then add the chopped chocolate and almonds.
Sift the flour and bicarbonate of soda into a separate clean bowl. Gradually add the flour mixture to the butter mixture, being careful not to over-mix, and then stir in the sea salt. Cover the bowl with cling film and chill in the fridge for at least two hours.
When the dough is firm, preheat the oven to 170°C and line the two baking trays with baking paper.
Divide the dough into 6 equal portions and roll each into a ball with your hands. Gently press them into thick discs and place them on the lined baking trays, spaced 5 cm a part. You should get three cookies per tray.
Bake for 15 minutes or until crisped and golden at the edges. Leave the cookies to cool on the trays for 2 minutes before transferring them, on the baking paper, to cool completely on wire racks.
There are 100 cookie recipes and they all look SO good. To give you an idea of what's in it some of the other cookies in the book include favourites like : custard cookies | chocolate chip cookies | sugar biscuits and classic shortbread. Healthy cookies include : pumpkin seed and coconut biscuits | gluten free peanut butter cinnamon cookies and raw coconut triangles. Savoury cookies like : rosemary cornmeal crackers and maple bacon shortbread. Home-style cookies include : chocolate crinkle cookies | pumpkin oatmeal cookies | mosbeskuit and buttermilk rusks. And last but not least some of the fancy biscuits include : blood orange cookies | caramel-filled whoopie pies and chocolate espresso cookies.


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I recently had the opportunity to review an easy to use application called "Greeting Box." This application is designed to effortlessly create stunning greeting cards on MAC OS X (10.7 or higher). I'll admit, I haven't made greeting card in years; mostly because it's too time consuming, and I'm a total perfectionist.
When I tried this application, I was able to create the greeting cards below within minutes! I instantly became addicted. Before I knew it an hour passed and I was still playing with the array of options. My favorite feature is the  New Object  button located at the top left, that way you can add what ever you can say to the card. You can also add backgrounds to the cards with specified color.
This product would be great for personalizing your photos to frame. With the free photo application I have, I can frugally print a handful of my creations in half-fold.
 I think the best use of this product would be to share the greeting card  through social networks, such as Facebook. Since most of my friends have switched to digital images, nobody really seems to be printing photos anymore. You could also easily save the any page of the greeting card as a jpeg file, and send it to family through e-mail. I did notice a Facebook share option in the bottom left corner, and I think the Facebook share option would be very nice.
 If you want to personalize your pages, you can easily drop in text, along with clipart. It would also be a great way to crop your images.
If you are interested in purchasing more card templates it is available In-App Purchases, which is pretty reasonable $4.99 per template.
Overall I really like this program, and if you have a business website that uses a lot of images this could be a good investment.
To learn more about this product, follow Greeting Box on either Facebook or Twitter, or visit their website at http://www.pearlmountainsoft.com/greeting-box-mac/.