text:
package com.amazonaws.services.lightsail.model;

import java.io.Serializable;
import javax.annotation.Generated;

import com.amazonaws.AmazonWebServiceRequest;

/**
 *
 * @see AWS API
 *      Documentation
 */
@Generated("com.amazonaws:aws-java-sdk-code-generator")
public class CreateKeyPairRequest extends com.amazonaws.AmazonWebServiceRequest implements Serializable, Cloneable {

    /**
     *

     * The name for your new key pair.
     *

     */
    private String keyPairName;
    /**
     *

     * The tag keys and optional values to add to the resource during create.
     *

     *

     * To tag a resource after it has been created, see the tag resource operation.
     *

     */
    private java.util.List<Tag> tags;

    /**
     *

     * The name for your new key pair.
     *

     *
     * @param keyPairName
     *        The name for your new key pair.
     */

    public void setKeyPairName(String keyPairName) {
        this.keyPairName = keyPairName;
    }

    /**
     *

     * The name for your new key pair.
     *

     *
     * @return The name for your new key pair.
     */

    public String getKeyPairName() {
        return this.keyPairName;
    }

    /**
     *

     * The name for your new key pair.
     *

     *
     * @param keyPairName
     *        The name for your new key pair.
     * @return Returns a reference to this object so that method calls can be chained together.
     */

    public CreateKeyPairRequest withKeyPairName(String keyPairName) {
        setKeyPairName(keyPairName);
        return this;
    }

    /**
     *

     * The tag keys and optional values to add to the resource during create.
     *

     *

     * To tag a resource after it has been created, see the tag resource operation.
     *

     *
     * @return The tag keys and optional values to add to the resource during create.

     *

     *         To tag a resource after it has been created, see the tag resource operation.
     */

    public java.util.List<Tag> getTags() {
        return tags;
    }

    /**
     *

     * The tag keys and optional values to add to the resource during create.
     *

     *

     * To tag a resource after it has been created, see the tag resource operation.
     *

     *
     * @param tags
     *        The tag keys and optional values to add to the resource during create.

     *

     *        To tag a resource after it has been created, see the tag resource operation.
     */

    public void setTags(java.util.Collection<Tag> tags) {
        if (tags == null) {
            this.tags = null;
            return;
        }

        this.tags = new java.util.ArrayList<Tag>(tags);
    }

    /**
     *

     * The tag keys and optional values to add to the resource during create.
     *

     *

     * To tag a resource after it has been created, see the tag resource operation.
     *

     *

     * NOTE: This method appends the values to the existing list (if any). Use
     * {@link #setTags(java.util.Collection)} or {@link #withTags(java.util.Collection)} if you want to override the
     * existing values.
     *

     *
     * @param tags
     *        The tag keys and optional values to add to the resource during create.

     *

     *        To tag a resource after it has been created, see the tag resource operation.
     * @return Returns a reference to this object so that method calls can be chained together.
     */

    public CreateKeyPairRequest withTags(Tag... tags) {
        if (this.tags == null) {
            setTags(new java.util.ArrayList<Tag>(tags.length));
        }
        for (Tag ele : tags) {
            this.tags.add(ele);
        }
        return this;
    }

    /**
     *

     * The tag keys and optional values to add to the resource during create.
     *

     *

     * To tag a resource after it has been created, see the tag resource operation.
     *

     *
     * @param tags
     *        The tag keys and optional values to add to the resource during create.

     *

     *        To tag a resource after it has been created, see the tag resource operation.
     * @return Returns a reference to this object so that method calls can be chained together.
     */

    public CreateKeyPairRequest withTags(java.util.Collection<Tag> tags) {
        setTags(tags);
        return this;
    }

    /**
     * Returns a string representation of this object. This is useful for testing and debugging. Sensitive data will be
     * redacted from this string using a placeholder value.
     *
     * @return A string representation of this object.
     *
     * @see java.lang.Object#toString()
     */
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
        sb.append("{");
        if (getKeyPairName() != null)
            sb.append("KeyPairName: ").append(getKeyPairName()).append(",");
        if (getTags() != null)
            sb.append("Tags: ").append(getTags());
        sb.append("}");
        return sb.toString();
    }

    @Override
    public boolean equals(Object obj) {
        if (this == obj)
            return true;
        if (obj == null)
            return false;

        if (obj instanceof CreateKeyPairRequest == false)
            return false;
        CreateKeyPairRequest other = (CreateKeyPairRequest) obj;
        if (other.getKeyPairName() == null ^ this.getKeyPairName() == null)
            return false;
        if (other.getKeyPairName() != null && other.getKeyPairName().equals(this.getKeyPairName()) == false)
            return false;
        if (other.getTags() == null ^ this.getTags() == null)
            return false;
        if (other.getTags() != null && other.getTags().equals(this.getTags()) == false)
            return false;
        return true;
    }

    @Override
    public int hashCode() {
        final int prime = 31;
        int hashCode = 1;

        hashCode = prime * hashCode + ((getKeyPairName() == null) ? 0 : getKeyPairName().hashCode());
        hashCode = prime * hashCode + ((getTags() == null) ? 0 : getTags().hashCode());
        return hashCode;
    }

    @Override
    public CreateKeyPairRequest clone() {
        return (CreateKeyPairRequest) super.clone();
    }

}


Inside Texas - Page 851 of 864 - The Inside Scoop on Longhorn Sports!
Horns add to their junior day take with a commitment from SGP linebacker.
Inside Texas traveled to South Grand Prairie High School to meet with UT commit Patrick Nkwopara.
Coaches now have to make the toughest decisions of August camp before the depth chart is released.
Exclusive inside-the-team & recruiting info: Latest news on injuries, position battles, Loston, more.
IT's Ross Lucksinger and Bill Frisbie discuss biggest storylines heading into the 2008 season.
Brown is still looking for a No. 3 WR and more separation at RB, but that's not his main concern.
In McFarland, Lufkin high school may have the best defensive tackle in the country.
Inside Texas gets a quick update on McFarland, his visit and where he's headed next.
Texas picked up its 13th commitment from the Class of 2009 over the weekend in TE Barrett Matthews.
Matthews talks with IT about the scrimmage and his impression of Greg Timmons and JaMarcus McFarland.


Dr Rola Hallam is a speaker at the Hindustan Times Leadership Summit 2017.
Dr Rola Hallam is a consultant anaesthetist. Her passion for global health took her across sub-Saharan Africa until war started in her home country, Syria. As medical director of Hand-in-Hand-for-Syria, she played an integral part in building hospitals and health centres across Syria. Rola lectures at the London School of Economics and King's College London and is an international speaker and human-rights advocate, pressing decision-makers to stop the targeting of civilians in war zones, and to protect medical neutrality. Her on-going quest to provide access to healthcare for all has led her to launch CanDo, a not-for-profit social enterprise enabling local humanitarians to provide healthcare services to their war-devastated communities.


Donald Trump thinks that anyone who doesn't see things his way is working for the "other side." He's so intent on destroying this nation that he can't even fathom that the "other side" are Americans too. His hatred for over half of this country's citizens is disgusting.
Trump is pissed about Woodward's new book that is set to be released next week. He's seen the excerpts that say that the book offers a damning account of Trump's presidency and describes fiery insults from Trump about his close aides and an administration in the middle of a "nervous breakdown." Woodward said that he tried to contact Trump for an interview but he never heard back from the people he contacted in his administration.
The Washington Post released audio of Trump and Woodward discussing the book and the reporting process in a recent phone call. Trump told Woodward that he was never made aware of the requests. In the recording of the call, Trump praised Woodward's past reporting, saying that he thinks Woodward has always been fair.
Apparently, Trump did a 180 on his assessment of Woodward after reading excerpts from his book and now he thinks that Woodward is a Dem operative. Trump's so wishy-washy that if Woodward praised him in his next book he'd probably buy a few thousand copies to hand out to his followers.
For the record, Bob Woodward is an outstanding, fair journalist and made a big name for himself for his excellent reporting of another scandal-plagued presidential administration…that of Richard Nixon. Who knows? Maybe Woodward will be instrumental in reporting on another impeached president very soon.
Check out what the Twitterverse thought of Trump's idiotic post today.


Believe it or not, this is my fifth presidential election here at CNN. Things have come a long way from dot-matrix printers to the "Magic Wall," but it's always an exciting (and sometimes very late) night. As a social studies teacher, Election Day would present a great "teachable moment" about voting and civic responsibility. But wouldn't it be great if voters, young and old, maintained this level of interest in politics every day?
Election day would be the most exciting day of all of America. I do not get to vote but my sister does. Alot of the times my dad would say that those presidents are just people who want to be presidents not really help the nation much.
I think it would also be a very exciting day but it is a very hard decision this year. I hope the person best suited for the job wins.
It would be great to have everyone so interested all the time, but I think people vote and feel like they did what they can and after that, what ever happens, there is nothing they can do about it so why bother?
I am so happy Barack Obama is the next president. It's time for a dramatic change and I think he's the person that will actually work hard to make a difference. I support him all the way.
I am watching the electon and I am really disapointed in America for making Barack Obama president!! I think McCain deserves to be president and had alot of better ideas! as I said, I am very disapointed!
I think that us having an African American president is a great change and that it will get more voters interested in the economy.
I am very surprised by the way that America voted for our new president. Obama does not have nearly the experience that McCain does, but I do think that it will be interesting to see some of the new outlooks from Obama on some subjects. I do think that McCain has better ideas for what he would have done. I really do not like a lot of the things that Obama supports but it is what it is.
Obama + president= GREAT STUFF FOR THE WORLD!!!
hello student news shorty speaking i have an opinion about election night mmmm how can i put this GO OBAMA!!!!
I'm writing this from Japan, And one small town is going crazy about this election, this story was on Nov. 7th' headline so you might know this.
The town's name is Obama (this is really true), so everyone is supporting senator Obama, and they are doing it like some carnival.
I bet most of them don't really care about his politics.
I think they are really stupid, USA is the leading country in the world, and Japan is and always be effected by USA, so they must be more serious, it might effect their life, and they won't care. They are just looking at his name.
They should be more thoughtful. I think this is one reason Japan is having stupid leaders for long time.
i am happy that obama won but i also think that mcain would be a good president.. i am happy for obama.
I THINK THAT PEOPLE JUST VOTE BECAUSE THE PEOPLE THINK THAT THEY ARE REALLY GOING TO DO WHAT THEY SAY AND THAT THEY ARE REALLY GOING TO TAKE THE TAXES DOWN,BUT THEY CAN'T BECAUSE THEY ARE ALREADY SPENDING WAY TO MUCH MONEY ANYWAY.
I went Out and got to campaigm for Obama With my mom and miss school!


text:
'I called my fiancé delusional for wanting me to let his mum pick my makeup and dress for our wedding - am I in the wrong?'
Many people are urging to bride to 'get out while you can' over her groom's 'big red flags'
Charlotte SmithSenior Trending News Reporter
A woman has headed online in a bid to seek advice after denying her "delusional" fiancé's wishes of having his mother pick out her wedding look. The bride, under the username Lth354672, took to Reddit's AITA forum to ask other if she was in the wrong for refusing what her groom wanted.
In the post, she said: "My fiancé and I are getting married. He comes from a conservative family and his mom has been up in the wedding planning posing as "supervisor" to oversee and to "catch and eliminate" anything that could be seen as "offensive".
"After the wedding dress fiasco (I was told to get a dress that wasn't showing too much 'skin'), came the makeup issue. I showed my fiancé some looks I wanted to choose from and he gasped and said his mom would have a stroke if she saw "these".
READ MORE: Bridesmaid sister told to shave 'visible' armpit hair before wedding
"I in frustration asked what should I do and next thing I knew but did not expect was for her to send me "looks" of models with almost no makeup or light makeup. No eyeshadow, no lipstick just a plain look. I refused to choose from any of her suggestions and we had an argument."
She went on to say that her and her fiancé came home and argued about how she was 'planning on humiliating him and family' at the wedding by wanting to look like a 'clown' and 'make a joke out of both of us'. She added: "I snapped and called him delusional to think I'll let his mom get a say in what makeup I should wear since it's my face.
The bride-to-be says her mother-in-law wants her to wear hardly any makeup on her big day (Image: Pixabay)
"He said there's no such thing as "mine" and "yours" in marriage and that I'm clearly too "immature" for it. He has been avoiding me while saying "you know why I'm avoiding you..." and his mom sent a text about how she has my best interest at heart. Am I the a**hole?"
Since posting her dilemma on the Reddit forum yesterday (Jan 9), it has gained mass attention from fellow users, with more than 11k votes and almost 4k comments. Many people reassured her that she was not in the wrong, with some even urging her to not go ahead with the wedding and marry her fiancé.
Rainyreminder put: "Oh my god, I laughed involuntarily at the thought of letting his mother pick your makeup and dress for the wedding. He is delusional."
Suspended_Accountant stated: "Not the a**hole for calling him delusional, but you would be delusional if you did marry him." Midnight_Crocodile added: "BIG RED FLAG!" Rrshirl declared: "You'll be married to his mom too. Don't marry him."
Terytha replied: "Do not marry this person. Do not marry this person. Do NOT marry this person. Unless you really wanna marry his mom, because that's whose calling all the shots here. But seriously. Don't marry someone who would call you a clown and an embarrassment. You deserve better."
Eregyrn commented: "Him letting his mother call the shots is one strike. Him apparently agreeing with his mother, and being more concerned with this woman he supposedly loves 'humiliating' HIS FAMILY at her wedding is... strike two. Actually calling her a clown? STRIKE THREE."
StevieB85 asked: "Why are you two getting married? You don't seem to be on the same page about anything?" To which Lth35467 replied: "The wedding wasn't supposed to happen anytime soon but since I found out I was pregnant, his parents wanted us to get married as soon as possible. I'm 24-year-old female and he's 27-year-old male."
Woman storms out of restaurant after 'shameful' husband and in-laws urge her to pay for dinner
Woman named after luxury clothing brand hates it and finds it 'tacky'
The hidden Clifton gym keeping youngsters out of trouble and training champions
£9 The Range home item that could help slash bills by £100s
Nottinghamshire bride's 'brilliant' weight loss journey after leap year proposal
Davina McCallDavina McCall eager to host ITV's new 'middle-aged Love Island'The Masked Singer judge recently said that she had to "beg" TV bosses, and that she wasn't embarrassed about it.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


MisitngSA installed this high pressure misting & fog effects system in this waterfall at a home in Miami, Florida. For this installation flexible sleeves were installed during construction so Misting Direct brand high pressure mist tubing could be installed later. All tubing is completely hidden and not event the nozzles can be seen! This system creates a large amount of fog and cools the area too. When the system is on, the fog really makes the pool area come to life.


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Doggy delights in Arnold
A canine catering company has set tails wagging across the country after a successful exhibition at this year's Crufts show.
Mrs Bishop's Doggy Deli has been based at our Byron Industrial Estate in Arnold, Nottingham, for almost a year and has won a host of new private and retail customers after visiting the UK's premier dog show.
Owner Paula Cassady-Bishop founded the dog bakery three years ago, after discovering a flair for creating hand-crafted treats for her sister's pooch. The quirky start-up business grew quickly and has grown from its birth in Paula's kitchen to a former café at Byron Industrial Estate.
Paula's husband Alan now helps her run the business, which specialises in high quality, natural dog treats. The products are given the seal of approval by the couple's own pooches, Irish wolfhound Bryn and Jack Russell-Chihuahua cross Eddie. Cats are not left out either, with a special range for felines including purr-fiteroles.
Quality shines through
"We try to use local ingredients wherever possible, as we are supporting the Keep Trade Local campaign," Paula says.
"We don't use any salt or sugar, or anything which is not natural. Our philosophy is to keep our products at high quality but as low price as possible."
The Doggy Deli's speciality is the Cherry Barkwell, which the firm has trademarked. The canine confection looks just like a cherry Bakewell tart, but is made from a chicken biscuit, white dog chocolate and a dried cranberry. Customers can also buy birthday cakes and treats for sensitive diets.
Paula says the development of the business has been a huge learning curve, as it requires knowledge not only of doggy-safe ingredients, but also a raft of pet food legislation and EU regulations.
"Crufts was a great event for us and we have learnt a lot from the experience that will help us at future exhibitions," Paula says.
"We had a lot of interest and gained new custom from individuals and pet shops alike. We are hoping the business growth will enable us to recruit later in the year."
Ideal business space
Mrs Bishop's Doggy Deli products are available to buy online, through retailers and directly from Unit C21B at Byron Industrial Estate, where they are also created.
"We love it here at Bizspace. I had been looking for a unit here for a while, but had to wait for one with running water in it to become available. This is ideal and has just the right amount of space for us," Paula says.
Business Centre Manager Jamie Douglas adds: "It is a real talking point for us to have such an unusual business within the centre. The Doggy Deli treats are really popular and dog lovers in the area are lucky to have the shop on their doorstep."
Byron Industrial Estate centre features a variety of commercial premises including:
light industrial units and
storage units.
For more information contact Jamie Douglas on 0115 959 8808.


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Home 2012 Offseason The All-Time Best Cleveland Indians List: Center Fielders
The All-Time Best Cleveland Indians List: Center Fielders
2012 Offseason Jason Kaminski December 20, 2011 0 Comment
The Cleveland Indians have a storied franchise that began back in 1901 when they were established in the American League. Over the years players have come and gone through the organization that have made a lasting impact. Some of these players have been talked up and others have not been talked about enough. I have decided to put a stamp on who I believe the best Tribe players were at their respective positions. Over the next several weeks I will be posting my Top Five Tribe Players at each position. Through research, analysis and opinion I will rank the players I see to be the best. I have a specific criteria I am looking for. For starters, I will only include players that played from 1901 and on. No Cy Young type players. Second, the pitchers eligible needed to have played at least five seasons and position players needed at least three seasons in a Cleveland uniform. Last, I took into account comparisons of what might have been. Sometimes players play so long that their legend becomes inflated or they play on terrible teams that do not get their accomplishments recognized like they should be. With that said I hope you enjoy these lists and I encourage you to give your own opinions as well. So without further adieu, I give you the top five Indians players of all-time at each position.
CENTER FIELDERS
5. Joe Carter (1984-1989)
During the 1980s the Cleveland Indians did not win very many games. However, they did have some very good ballplayers that produced All-Star calibur numbers. One of those players was Joe Carter. During his time in a Tribe uniform he was one of the more consistent players and was considered to be the team's superstar. He bounced around positions a bit but became their full time center fielder in 1988 when Brett Butler left. Carter was a great power hitter and from '86-'89 he hit at least 27 homers and drove in no fewer than 98 runs. He led the league in RBI in 1986 with 121 and hit higher than .300 for the first time in his career. He also had 200 hits that year to go along with 108 runs and 29 home runs. Surprisingly, Carter never made an All-Star team in Cleveland but it could certainly be attributed to the team's record because his numbers were there.
4. Kenny Lofton (1992-1996, 1998-2001, 2007)
Surprised to see Lofton so low on the list? Don't be. Cleveland has had a rich history at the center fielder position and the three players above Lofton are all Hall of Famers. Lofton spent three separate stints in a Tribe uniform and all were memorable in their own way. The guy knew how to win and did it wherever he went. His specialty was getting on base and wreaking havoc on the basepaths. He led the league in stolen bases five straight seasons from '92-'96. He set a career high in 1996 when he stole 75 bases, which was also a franchise record. In fact Lofton holds the top three spots for stolen bases in a season for the Cleveland franchise and is the all-time career leader as well with 452, 173 higher than the second place total. The 1994 season was probably Lofton's best, or at least most productive. That year he hit .349 with 12 home runs, 57 RBI, a league leading 60 stolen bases, 32 doubles, 9 triples, 105 runs and 160 hits which also led the league. Lofton was also a whiz in the field winning four Gold Gloves. Fans were heartbroken when the team traded him away to the Atlanta Braves before the 1997 season but equally ecstatic when he returned as a free agent the following season. During the team's 2007 playoff run, Lofton returned for the final time to help push the team into the ALCS where they lost in seven games to the Red Sox.
3. Larry Doby (1947-1955, 1958)
Larry Doby holds the honorable distinction as being the first African-American ballplayer to play in the American League. Doby did not disappoint on the field as he became one of the league's premier center fielders and power hitters. While with Cleveland Doby led the league in home runs twice and led in runs batted in for the 1954 season. He made seven straight All-Star appearances from '49-'55 and finished second in the MVP voting for 1954, behind New York's Yogi Berra. Though Doby was extremely consistent, he did have one season that stood out from the others. In 1950 he had a very strong and balanced season statistically. That year Doby hit .326, the highest of his career, with 25 homeruns, 102 RBI, 25 doubles, 164 hits and 110 runs. Doby also came through in the clutch as a 24 year old rookie during the 1948 World Series championship. In that series Doby hit .318 with seven hits, a home run and two RBI. The Indians retired Doby's number 14 in 1994.
2. Tris Speaker (1916-1926)
By far this was the hardest list to compile and if you were to take a look through the Indians' all-time leaders you will easily see why. Speaker and the man at the top of the list are amazingly close in almost every offensive category. In the end I put Speaker at two because he lacked home run power but also because his time spent in Cleveland was not during his true prime. Regardless, "The Grey Eagle" is considered one of the best players to ever play the game and he put up huge numbers while with the Tribe. He led the league in doubles six times and hit under .300 only once (.296). Speaker was a master at getting on base, shown by his franchise high .444 on base percentage. He also specialized in hitting doubles and is the franchise's all-time leader in that category as well with 486. Speaker never really had a "down" year but you could probably pinpoint 1923 as his most productive. That season he hit a staggering .380 with 17 homers, 130 runs batted in, 59 doubles, 11 triples, 218 hits and 133 runs scored. Though Speaker was known in his career to be a prolific base stealer, he started to fade in that category as he aged in Cleveland. His highest total while with the Tribe was 35 in his first season with the club and he progressively dipped each season after. Still, Speaker is easily one of the best players to ever don a Cleveland uniform and I hope that one day he will get proper recognition at the ballpark.
1. Earl Averill (1929-1939)
Earl Averill is one of those ballplayers that just had it. He was a superstar for the Tribe through the decade of the '30s and put up gaudy numbers. Some of the records he set still stand today. The lone single season record he holds is runs scored with 140 in 1931. However he holds quite a few career records for the franchise including plate appearances, runs scored, triples, runs batted in, extra base hits and when he left Cleveland in 1939 he was the all-time franchise leader in home runs. A record that would stand until the 1990s. Averill was a six-time All-Star and finished in the top five in MVP voting three separate times. His 1931, 1932 and 1936 seasons are ones of legend. In 1931 he hit .333 with 32 home runs and 143 RBI. The following year he nearly matched those numbers, this time hitting .314 with 32 home runs and 124 RBI. Still, the best was yet to come. The 1936 season may have been his best year as an Indian. That season he hit an astonishing .378 with 28 homers, 126 runs batted in, 39 doubles, a league leading 15 triples, scored 136 runs and had a league topping 232 hits. The 232 hits were just one shy of "Shoeless" Joe Jackson's franchise record. Averill would be inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1975, that same year the Indians would retire his number 3.
So there is the list….who do you think should be number 1?
The All-Time Best Cleveland Indians List
2012 Offseason
Today in Tribe History: October 25, 1997
Bob Toth October 25, 2018 0 Comment
The Cleveland Indians stave off elimination with three early runs in a 4-1 victory over the Florida Marlins in Game 6 of the 1997 World Series at…
Today in Tribe History: August 29, 1983
Bob Toth August 29, 2018 0 Comment
F.J. (Steve) O'Neill, the board chairman and the majority owner of the Cleveland Indians, dies from a heart attack on the way to St. Vincent Charity Hospital…
Lone Tribe Finalist Hopes To Move Into MLB Fan Cave
Mike B. February 18, 2012 0 Comment
By Mike Brandyberry Tough economical times have lead to competitive job markets, but have you ever been a finalist for a position that had more than 22,000…
Batting Stance Guy Travels The Country Emulating Stars
By Mike Brandyberry Normally, when we conduct an interview we like to work the quotes into the story, but our conversation with, "Batting Stance Guy," was…
Fausto Carmona: The New Roberto Hernandez, Again
By Mike Brandyberry Yesterday Indians General Manager Chris Antonetti told Paul Hoynes and Dennis Manoloff that if the pitcher who was previously known as Fausto Carmona returns…
Clean Health For Tribe Could Land Chisenhall In Columbus
Mike B. February 8, 2012 2 Comments
By Mike Brandyberry The Indians were a team riddled with injuries a year ago, but if the team were to remain healthy through spring training a…


13 year old with Wheezing..
When aspiration of a foreign body is clinically suspected, either because of a history of choking episode or asymmetric breath sounds or wheezing, inspiration AND expiration radiographs should be obtained. Most aspirated foreign bodies are not radiopaque. They are detectable indirectly due to their effect on air flow through the airway. Most commonly, a foreign body results in a "ball valve" effect, in which the air can flow into the lung around the object on inspiration but cannot flow out of the lung on expiration. This results in hyperaeration of the involved lung or lobe. The finding may be subtle or absent on inspiration views; however, expiration view will demonstrate the air trapping as a unilateral hyperlucent lung that does not deflate as does the normal side.
When the child is old enough to cooperate, as in this case, routine PA views can be obtained at full inspiration and expiration. In young children, bilateral decubitus films may substitute for the expiration view: the dependent lung should deflate and become more opaque. When the dependent lung remains expanded and hyperlucent, air trapping is confirmed. Passive or assisted expiration can also be done by gently compressing the child's abdomen with a lead-gloved hand. In questionable cases, fluoroscopy of the chest may be useful to demonstrate air trapping; with each expiration, the heart and mediastinum shift toward the normal side that deflates properly during exhalation.
In young children, the aspiration episode is often not witnessed, and a strong suspicion needs to be entertained in children who present with a first episode of wheezing. Chronic foreign body obstruction can result in persistent or recurrent cough and fever, and persistent pneumonia or atelectasis on chest radiograph. A pneumonia or area of atelectasis that fails to clear should be considered suspicious for foreign body. However, in the case of chronic obstruction by a foreign body, inspiration and expiration views are not usually helpful due to chronic atelectasis of the involved portion of the lung and bronchoscopy may be required.


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Q: Core Data: Pre-populate SQLite Entity with Image I am already pre-populating data for my application by first creating the database through core data, then populating that initialized file with SQLite Manager. Is it possible to pre-populate images in a SQLite table for use in core data as well?
My initial thought is to insert the images as a blob through SQLite Manager. Then based on this post, it looks like I would need to set the type to binary and import with UIImage initWithData:.
Is this doable, and if so, is this the appropriate method?

A: Pre-populating images to a SQLite database for use with Core Data turns out to be fairly trivial.

*

*First configure your Core Data application, implementing your attribute to contain images as a "Binary" type.  Build the application and navigate to your view utilizing Core Data within the application simulator.  This will initialize the SQLite database as required for use with Core Data (assuming you've implemeted the persistentStoreCoordinator as follows).

- (NSPersistentStoreCoordinator *)persistentStoreCoordinator {
    if (persistentStoreCoordinator != nil) {
        return persistentStoreCoordinator;
    }
    NSString *storePath = [[self applicationDocumentsDirectory] stringByAppendingPathComponent: @"YourDBName.sqlite"];

    // Set up the store.
    // For the sake of illustration, provide a pre-populated default store.

    NSFileManager *fileManager = [NSFileManager defaultManager];
    // If the expected store doesn't exist, copy the default store.
    if (![fileManager fileExistsAtPath:storePath]) {
        NSString *defaultStorePath = [[NSBundle mainBundle] pathForResource:@"YourDBName" ofType:@"sqlite"];
        if (defaultStorePath) {
            [fileManager copyItemAtPath:defaultStorePath toPath:storePath error:NULL];
        }
    }

    NSURL *storeUrl = [NSURL fileURLWithPath:storePath];
    NSDictionary *options = [NSDictionary dictionaryWithObjectsAndKeys:
                             [NSNumber numberWithBool:YES], NSMigratePersistentStoresAutomaticallyOption,
                             [NSNumber numberWithBool:YES], NSInferMappingModelAutomaticallyOption,
                             nil];
    persistentStoreCoordinator = [[NSPersistentStoreCoordinator alloc] initWithManagedObjectModel: [self managedObjectModel]];

    NSError *error;
    if (![persistentStoreCoordinator addPersistentStoreWithType:NSSQLiteStoreType configuration:nil URL:storeUrl options:options error:&error]) {
        // Update to handle the error appropriately.
        NSLog(@"Unresolved error %@, %@", error, [error userInfo]);
        exit(-1);  // Fail
    }
    return persistentStoreCoordinator;
}

*

*Navigate to the application data at "Users//Library/Application Support/iPhone Simulator/User/Applications/".  If you sort the folder by "Date Modified," your application will have the latest date (assuming you haven't built any other applications in the mean time).  Enter the application folder and the initialized < YourDBName.sqlite > will reside in the Documents folder. Copy the SQLite database to another location (like your desktop) and delete the original file (this is necessary to allow Core Data to reload the pre-populated SQLite database you are about to create).

*Open < YourDBName.sqlite > with your favorite SQLite editor (the SQLite Manager plugin for Firefox is an adequate, and free, option). Add entries to your table, inserting any images as a "BLOB."

*Within XCode add < YourDBName.sqlite > as an existing file. Core Data will copy this file to the application data folder the next time you launch your application if it does not already exist there (you deleted the original right?).

*Access your pre-populated images within your code with [UIImage imageWithData:< DataObject >.< ImageAttributeName >

A: How big are your images going to be? If they are fairly large you may be better served by storing the image in the file system and keeping a reference to its location in core data.
If the images will always exist in your app then you can package them with your bundle. If not (e.g. a user can remove unwanted images) you may have to rely on pulling the images in on first use.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Realty Check
Subprime Guidance From The Fed: Do They Really Have To?
Diana Olick	| @DianaOlick
Published 1:52 PM ET Fri, 29 June 2007 Updated 3:06 PM ET Thu, 5 Aug 2010 CNBC.com
I'm going round and round with the folks at the Federal Reserve about this new "guidance" they issued for subprime lenders. The guidance covers various "consumer protection principles," including "approving loans based on the borrower's ability to repay the loan according to its terms."
Another very important guideline concerns prepayment penalties. The Federal Reserve is now saying that "the period during which prepayment penalties apply should not exceed the initial reset period, and that institutions generally should provide borrowers with a reasonable period of time (typically at least 60 days prior to the reset date) to refinance their loans without penalty."
This is vital given the number of subprime borrowers who either didn't understand the nature of their adjustable rate loans or were somehow tricked by predatory lenders. Banks are now aggressively trying to help borrowers refinance out of risky loans so as to stem the tide, or should I say tidal wave, of delinquencies.
But here's my question: "Guidance." What is that, and must it be followed?
"Guidance which is issued by the banking agencies, this is guidance to the institutions they regulate, so it's for the commercial banks the thrift institutions, the credit unions," says David Skidmore, a spokesman for the Fed. He also points me to the following sentence in the "guidance": "The Agencies will take action against institutions that exhibit predatory lending practices, violate consumer protection laws or fair lending laws, engage in unfair or deceptive acts or practices, or otherwise engage in unsafe and unsound lending practices."
I'm still not sure if this means that all banks and lenders must follow the guidelines. Of course the big names would, but much of the trouble in subprimes came from independent lenders, not banks. And what about the new breed of aggressive mortgage brokers?
As part of the news release on this guidance, Fed Gov. Randall S. Kroszner writes, "It's only good business sense for the lenders and it is the right thing to do for the borrowers sake." Nowhere in his statement does he say, "do it, or else!" And some might not think these guidelines make good business sense, some like, John Robbins, Chairman of the Mortgage Bankers Association, who responded quickly to the guidelines with the following statement: "This is a strong statement that will help curb abuses, but will likely also constrain consumer credit choices."
Mmm, doesn't sound like a rave to me.
Questions? Comments? RealtyCheck@cnbc.com
Diana OlickCNBC Real Estate Correspondent


F.F.C (Fight For Charity) November 16th Super Fight Card Event with the Fights footage.
On November 16th The MBJJA put on a charity jiu jitsu super fight card at the Holiday Inn Midtown in Montreal. All Proceeds went to the Montreal Autism Foundation and A.D.A.M.A(L'association de développement des arts martiaux adaptés). There was 9 fights on the card: 3 purple belt matches, 4 brown belt matches, and 2 black belt matches. The hotel donated the space for the event and it was downsized to the smaller room because they had paying customers book the larger hall. This is pretty understandable but hopefully won't happen next time.
The place was PACKED full of great fans. They were very respectful of the fighters and really seemed to enjoy the show. The VIP section was full of tables with wine and snacks, while the regular section was full of people on chairs, standing and sitting on the floor. You couldn't have fit more people in if tried! There were a few celebrities present as well. Ryan Hall was a guest referee, and Pablo Popovich was there enjoying the fights as well.
This was a very close and competitive match. Michael scored early with a take down and pass, and secured a triangle. Vadim escaped the triangle and catches Michael in a Kimura that was stopped when they went out of bounds. The match ends up going the distance and Michael won on points.
Another very close match with Kevin winning by 2 points.
This was the only ladies fight on the card. Alison threatened with several submissions, including an Ezekiel choke and a Kimura, but they are defended. Patricia was able to reverse and come up on top at one point, and dove for an arm-bar, but forgot the arm. The final score was 22-0 which make it seem like a much more lopsided fight then it was.
This was another very competitive and close match contested mostly in full and ½ guard. Luciano took home the win by 1 advantage.
Ord started out strong with a great take-down. Louis worked some half guard and set up the banana split sub in less then a minute. Ord tried to hold out, but was forced to tap. This fight won sub of the night!
Another close and technical match. The majority of it was spent with David working his guard and Jimmy working passes. Jimmy got to side control near the end and set up a slick arm bar for the win with only a minute or so left to go.
This fight was almost to close to call with some insanely tight guard work being played. Seph won by a single advantage.
Gringo pulled guard early and the majority of the match was spent there. He worked multiple sweep and sub attempts but nothing was scoring advantages. Mark tried many passes, and stood up in guard multiple times to try to break gringos guard. At one point Fernando almost got the sweep, but didn't come all the way up so didn't get the score. At the end of time the match was tied so they did a 5 minute overtime. In the overtime Mark was a bit fresher and managed to pass and setup a reverse triangle. Gringo defended well and survived till the end of the match. Mark won by 3.1 points.
All in all it was a great event and I'm really looking forward to the next one.
Patricia is a VERY active Competitor and always has a great attitude. We are so very proud to have her by our side. Oss.


Somali based jihadists groups has tried severally to attack on African Union Base in Mogadishu. The militant group launched a series of suicide attacks on the African Union base in Somalia, government establishments as well as security bases in Somalia.
The attacks have however been reported by OSINT sources to result in no casualties on the side of the government as the attackers lose their lives in the suicide missions.
On Friday June 26th 2015, a car bomb rammed into the AU base in Leego, Mogadishu. This was followed by heavy exchange of gunfire. No casualties were reported.
On Wednesday June 24th 2015, the Al Shabaab militants targeted military instructors from the United Arab Emirates.
On Sunday June 21st 2015 militants stormed a national intelligence agency training site. Four militants were killed in the detonation of the bomb.
Acting on prior intelligence, more security has been deployed during the holy month. This has helped thwart numerous attacks from the militant group, who had planned to carry out more deadly attacks during Ramadan.


text:
\section{Introduction}

Recently there have been exciting developments in the observational
investigation of the nature of Gamma Ray Bursts (GRBs) and the hosts in which
they may originate.  (Several excellent reviews of GRBs are available;
see e.g.~Blaes [1994]; Piran [1995].) For GRB970228, an afterglow was detected
in the X-Ray and optical wavebands (Van Paradijs et al. 1997),
and Metzger et al. (1997) have identified absorption lines in the spectra
of the optical transient associated with GRB970508.  Their observations put the
transient beyond a redshift of $z = 0.835$.
If confirmed, this would establish that GRBs are cosmological.
If so, then this opens the door to their use as tools for probing
cosmological issues such as structure formation (Piran \& Singh 1997).

The latest observations herald a new era of more
precise, useful information about GRBs. The counterparts in
the X-ray and optical wavebands allow one to get among other
things a more precise location of the bursting source.
Further, one can perform a detailed and intensive survey of the
neighboring region of space to seek out the host population
in which the GRBs are embedded.
So far, in spite of exhaustive searches, statistical analysis,
and the accompanying debate
(Fenimore et al. 1993; Larson, McLean \& Becklin 1996;
Schaefer et al. 1997; Blaes et al. 1997; Kolatt \& Piran 1996;
Hurley et al. 1997),
GRBs have not clearly and unambiguously been associated with
any other well-known population of astronomical objects.
In particular, no known or identifiable
galaxy has been associated with either of the two GRBs for which
transient counterparts have enabled a small error-box.
Regarding repetitions of GRBs from the same host,
while there was an early claim of evidence for this
by Quashnock \& Lamb (1993), their analysis was called into question
by Narayan \& Piran (1993). More recently, Tegmark et al. (1996)
concluded that the data is consistent with no repetition of GRBs.
Thus all of the recent data has not yet resolved the mystery
of the nature of the host population in which GRB sources
are embedded.

It is therefore important to deduce all possible constraints
which can be placed on the host population; model-independent constraints
are particularly valuable.  Obviously, there must be at least as many
hosts as there have been GRBs, assuming no repeaters.
This is clearly not a significant constraint; the total number of galaxies
is about $10^9$, corresponding
to about $10^{-6}$ bursts per galaxy per year.  It is possible, however,
that the host population consists of exotic or otherwise rare cosmological
objects.  In this Letter, we perform a statistical analysis
which demonstrates that, if a total of $B$ bursts have been
seen, and we assume that there are no repeaters, then
the number of hosts $H$ is likely to exceed $cB^2$, where
$c$ is a numerical constant which depends on the desired confidence level
and the precise form of the statistic (e.g., choice of the prior distribution
in a Bayesian analysis), but not on any details of the GRB model.
If we do not make the assumption of no repeaters, but instead
appropriately weight the possibilities based on observational data,
then the lower bound is reduced to $H_{\rm min} \sim B^2/\langle N_2\rangle$,
where $\langle N_2\rangle$ is the expected number of repeaters in the data.
In this analysis, a ``host'' is any object whose angular size
is much less than the resolution of the detector.

The BATSE data is consistent with no repeaters in the analyzed catalog
of 1122 bursts.  An analysis by Tegmark et al. (1996) shows that
the number of repeaters $N_2$ is less than 10 at the 95\% CL.
If we assume that there are in fact no repeaters in this catalog, then
we can conclude that the the population of hosts from which the GRBs
may be originating should contain at least
$H = 1.2 \times 10^6$ members.  This implies that about 0.1\% of the
total number of galaxies could be hosts, if GRBs are embedded in galaxies.
This could be a
significant constraint if GRBs are found to be associated with a specific
sub-class of galaxies. This constraint would also be significant
if ongoing searches for potential objects within the error boxes of the
transients fails to turn up identifiable normal galaxies or other well-known
and abundant astronomical objects.
Furthermore, if repeaters are ever detected in a
statistically significant manner, our analysis can be readily adapted to
find upper and lower limits on the number of hosts $H$.

We now turn to the statistical
analysis of this problem which allows us to draw the advertised conclusions.

\section{The General Statistical Analysis}

We suppose that there is a population of $H$ hosts, each of which is
producing burst bursts at an individual rate of $\gamma_i$, $i=1,\ldots,H$,
and that each of these hosts has been observed for an amount of time
$t_i$.  Then the number of bursts which have been observed from each
host is expected to be $A_i = \gamma_i t_i$.  Call the actual number of
observed bursts from each host $B_i$, and the total number of observed
bursts $B\equiv\sum_{i=1}^H B_i$.

We assume that the bursts from each host are uncorrelated, so that the
probability of observing $B_i$ bursts from host $i$ is given by a
Poisson distribution
\begin{equation}
P(B_i|A_i) = {A_i^{B_i} \exp(-A_i) \over B_i !} \, .
\label{poisi}
\end{equation}
Then the probability that a total of $B$ bursts are observed is
\begin{eqnarray}
P(B|A,H) &=& \sum_{B_1=0}^B \ldots \sum_{B_H=0}^B
             \delta_{B_1+\ldots+B_H,B} \; P(B_1|A_1)\ldots P(B_H|A_H)
\nonumber \\
         &=& {(AH)^B \exp(-AH) \over B!} \, ,
\label{probe}
\end{eqnarray}
where $A$ is the average value $A \equiv (1/H) \sum_{i=1}^H A_i$.

We wish to calculate that probability that $B$ bursts are seen, but that
there are no repetitions; this is given by
\begin{equation}
P(B,\hbox{no rep}|\{A_i\},H)
= \sum_{B_1=0}^1 \ldots \sum_{B_H=0}^1
  \delta_{B_1+\ldots+B_H,B} \; P(B_1|A_1)\ldots P(B_H|A_H)
\label{probno}
\end{equation}
To simplify the calculation, we first treat the idealized situation in which
$A_i=A$ for each host.  In this case, eq.~(\ref{probno}) becomes
\begin{equation}
P(B,\hbox{no rep}|A,H) = {H!\over B!(H-B)!}\,A^B \exp(-AH) \, ,
\label{probno2}
\end{equation}
The probability that no repetitions are seen, given that $B$ bursts are
observed, is given by the ratio
\begin{eqnarray}
P(\hbox{no rep}|B,A,H) &=& {P(B,\hbox{no rep}|A,H) \over P(B|A,H)}
\nonumber \\
                       &=& {H! \over H^B (H-B)!} \, ,
\label{ratio}
\end{eqnarray}
which we see is independent of $A$.  Assuming $H \gg B \gg 1$,
and using Stirling's formula for the factorials, we get
\begin{equation}
P(\hbox{no rep}|B,A,H) = \exp(-B^2/2H) \, .
\label{ratio2}
\end{equation}
This is our key result.  It tells us that we are unlikely to have seen
no repetitions among $B$ bursts if $H$ is significantly smaller that $B^2$.
This can be made more precise by using a Bayesian analysis; see,
e.g., Loredo and Wasserman (1995).
Assuming that no repetitions are seen, the probability
that the number of hosts is between $H$ and $H+dH$
is proportional to the likelihood $P(\hbox{no rep}|B,A,H)$
times a prior distribution;
if we make the standard scale-invariant choice $dH/H$ with an upper cutoff
at $H_{\rm max}=10^9$, we find that $H>B^2$ with a confidence level of
approximately 90\% (the exact value depends weakly on $B$ and $H_{\rm max}$).

If some hosts generate repeat bursts, the analysis above is changed somewhat.
Let $N_\nu$ be the number of hosts which generated $\nu$ bursts each;
then $H=N_0+N_1+N_2+\ldots$ and $B=N_1+2N_2+3N_3+\ldots$.  We assume
$N_0\gg N_1 \gg N_{2,3,\ldots}$.  Then eq.~(\ref{ratio}) is replaced with
\begin{eqnarray}
P(N_2,N_3,\ldots|B,A,H) &=&
{H! \, B! \, H^{-B} \over (0!)^{N_0} N_0! \ldots (\nu!)^{N_\nu} N_\nu ! \ldots}
\nonumber \\
&=& {(B^2/2H)^{N_2} \over N_2 !} \exp(-B^2/2H) \exp(-2 N_2^2/B)
    \delta_{N_3 0} \delta_{N_4 0} \ldots \, .
\label{newratio}
\end{eqnarray}
Terms with $N_\nu\ne 0$ for $\nu\ge 3$ are suppressed by
at least one factor of $B/H$.  Henceforth, we set $N_3=N_4=\ldots=0$.

Let us now consider what can be deduced from our formulas when they
are applied to the BATSE 3B catalog of $B=1122$ bursts.
First we will examine the results of Tegmark et al (1996) concerning
repeaters.  To gain an analytic understanding of these results,
we will treat the simplified case in which the beam-width $\sigma$
is the same for every burst; then their statistic $R$ becomes
\begin{equation}
R = {1\over 2B}\sum_{i=1}^B\sum_{i=1}^{j-1}
               \exp(-\theta_{ij}^2/4\sigma^2) \,,
\label{r}
\end{equation}
where $\theta_{ij}$ is the angle on the sky between bursts $i$ and $j$.

We now compute the expected values of $R$ and $R^2$, assuming that
the hosts are uniformly distributed on the sky,
that the angular size of each host is much less than $\sigma$,
and that each the observed location of each burst is displaced
from its true value by a random
angle selected from a gaussian distribution of width $\sigma$.
(The latter two points are relevant only for bursts from repeaters.)
In the flat-sky approximation ($\sigma \ll 1$), we find
\begin{eqnarray}
\langle R\rangle &=& {\textstyle{\frac14}}B\sigma^2 +
                     {\textstyle{\frac18}}f
\label{rav} \\
(\Delta R)^2 &\equiv& \langle R^2\rangle - \langle R\rangle^2
\nonumber \\
  &=& {\textstyle{\frac1{16}}}\sigma^2 + {\textstyle{\frac1{96}}}B^{-1}f \, ,
\label{dr}
\end{eqnarray}
where $f \equiv 2N_2/B$ is the fraction of bursts which came from repeaters.
If each host has an angular size $\phi$, then the coefficient of $f$ in
eq.~(\ref{rav}) is reduced; if the burst probability across a host
has a gaussian profile, then the reduction factor is
$\sigma^2/(\sigma^2 + \phi^2)$.  Not including such a factor in our
subsequent analysis implies that each of our hypothetical hosts has an
angular size $\phi$ which is much less than $\sigma$.

Eqs.~(\ref{rav},\ref{dr}) can be understood heuristically.
Roughly speaking, $\langle R\rangle$ is the expected number of bursts
which lie within an angular distance $\sigma$ of any one particular burst.
There is a contribution to $\langle R\rangle$ due to bursts from
different hosts; this contribution is of order $B\sigma^2$.
There is a second contribution if the particular burst in question
is a repeater; the probability that this is the case is of order $f$.
This explains the structure of eq.~(\ref{rav}).  To understand the
variance $(\Delta R)^2$, we note that the $B\sigma^2$ term in
$\langle R\rangle$ comes from a Poisson process, so its variance
is also $B\sigma^2$.  However, averaging over the particular burst
in question reduces the variance by a factor of $B$.  The term of
order $f$ in $(\Delta R)^2$, which in practice is not important,
can be similarly understood.

The probability distribution for $R$ should be approximately gaussian,
\begin{equation}
P(R|N_2,B) = {1\over\sqrt{2\pi}\Delta R}
             \exp[-(R-\langle R\rangle)^2/2(\Delta R)^2] \;,
\label{probr}
\end{equation}
where $R_{\rm av}$ and $\Delta R$ are given in terms of $N_2 = fB/2$ and $B$
by eqs.~(\ref{rav},\ref{dr}).  For BATSE, in which
each burst has its own value of $\sigma$, and in which sky coverage is
not uniform, eqs.~(\ref{rav},\ref{dr}) should be approximately correct,
but possibly with different numerical coefficients.
For this case, we turn to the Monte Carlo results of Tegmark et al.~(1996).
Their Figure~1 shows $\int_0^R P(r)dr$
vs.~$R$ for several different values of $f$.  From this, we can read off
$\langle R\rangle = 0.316 + 0.15\,f$ and $\Delta R = 0.0068$ for $f=0$.
This is consistent with our eqs.~(\ref{rav},\ref{dr})
with a value of $\sigma\sim 2^\circ$.
(We neglect the $f$ dependence of $\Delta R$,
which is difficult to extract accurately, since it will not be important
to our conclusions.)
The experimental value of $R$ for BATSE is $R_{\rm exp}=0.308$.
Assuming that there are in fact no repeaters, then the
probability that the BATSE data would yield a value of $R$ which
is less than $R_{\rm exp}$ is 0.11.  Eq.~(\ref{probr}) is also consistent
with the results of Tegmark et al. (1996) that
$f<0.018$ at 95\% CL and $f < 0.049$ at the 99\% CL.

We now combine eq.~(\ref{newratio}) and eq.~(\ref{probr}) to get
\begin{equation}
P(R_{\rm exp}|B,A,H) =
\sum_{N_2=0}^{B/2} P(R_{\rm exp}|N_2,B)  P(N_2|B,A,H) \;.
\label{data}
\end{equation}
Again performing a Bayesian analysis for $H$ with the scale-invariant
prior distribution $dH/H$ and an upper cutoff of $H_{\rm max}=10^9$,
we find $H>1.7 \times 10^5$ with a CL of 91\%; this is smaller than $B^2$
by a factor of $7.4$.  This factor is roughly the expected number
of repeaters in a Bayesian analysis,
\begin{equation}
\langle N_2\rangle = {\sum_{N_2=0}^\infty P(R_{\rm exp}|N_2,B) N_2 \over
                      \sum_{N_2=0}^\infty P(R_{\rm exp}|N_2,B)           }\;,
\label{n2av}
\end{equation}
where $P(R_{\rm exp}|N_2,B)$ is given by eq.~(\ref{probr}), and we have
implicitly assumed a uniform prior distribution for $N_2$;
in the present case, eq.~(\ref{n2av}) yields $\langle N_2\rangle = 12$.

Turning to future experiments, we first recall that
BATSE happened to produce a low value of $R_{\exp}$.
A larger catalog for BATSE  which instead yielded the most likely value
when $f=0$, $R_{\exp}=\langle R\rangle_{f=0}=\frac14 B\sigma^2$,
would result in
$P(R_{\rm exp}|f)\propto\exp[-(0.15\,f)^2/2(\Delta R)^2]$ for $f>0$.
Assuming (for example) a catalog with $B=3000$ bursts,
we find that $H>3.7\times 10^5$ at the 90\% CL.
More significant improvements in the lower bound on $H$
would require an instrument with a better angular resolution.

We now turn to the more general case of a population of hosts, each with an
individual $A_i$ (the burst production rate times observation time for that
host).   We will make the mild assumption that the distribution of $A_i$'s
has moments
\begin{equation}
{1\over H} \sum_{i=1}^H A_i^n \equiv c_n A^n
\label{mom}
\end{equation}
which remain finite in the limit of large $H$.
Note that $c_1=1$ and $c_2\ge 1$.  From here on we will concentrate
on the simplest case of no repetitions.

The probability that we see $B$ bursts with no repetitions is given by
eq.~(\ref{probno}).  We can write the Kronecker symbol as
\begin{equation}
\delta_{B_1+\ldots+B_H,B} = \oint {dz\over 2\pi i z} \,
    z^{-B}z^{B_1}\ldots z^{B_H} \, ,
\label{kron}
\end{equation}
where the contour encloses the origin.  Each sum in eq.~(\ref{probno})
now yields a factor of $\exp(-A_i)(1+zA_i)$, and so we find
\begin{eqnarray}
P(B,\hbox{no rep}|\{A_i\},H)
&=& \exp(-AH) \oint {dz\over 2\pi i z} \,
    z^{-B} \prod_{i=1}^H(1+z A_i) \nonumber \\
&=& \oint {dz\over 2\pi i z} \,
    \exp\biggl[\sum_{i=1}^H\log(1+z A_i)-B\log z - AH \biggr] \, .
\label{probno3}
\end{eqnarray}
We now treat both $H$ and $B$ as large, and evaluate the integral by steepest
descent.  Let $F(z)$ be the argument of the exponential in the second
line of eq.~(\ref{probno3}); the point $z_0$ of steepest descent
is then given by $F'(z_0)=0$, or
\begin{eqnarray}
0 &=& \sum_{i=1}^H{A_i\over 1+z_0 A_i}-{B\over z_0} \nonumber \\
  &=& H\bigl[A - z_0(c_2 A^2) + z_0^2(c_3 A^3) + \ldots\bigr] - B z_0^{-1} \, .
\label{steep}
\end{eqnarray}
Taking $B \ll H$, this can be solved by power series to yield
\begin{equation}
z_0 A = (B/H) + c_2(B/H)^2 + (2c_2^2-c_3)(B/H)^3 + \ldots \, .
\label{z0}
\end{equation}
The probability of getting $B$ bursts with no repetitions is now given by
\begin{equation}
P(B,\hbox{no rep}|\{A_i\},H) = [2\pi F''(z_0)]^{-1/2}z_0^{-1}\exp F(z_0) \, .
\label{steep2}
\end{equation}
After dividing by $P(B|A,H)$ we find that the probability that
no repetitions are seen, given that $B$ bursts are observed, is
\begin{equation}
P(\hbox{no rep}|B,\{A_i\},H) = \exp(-c_2 B^2/2H)
\label{steep3}
\end{equation}
in the limit $H\gg B\gg 1$.  This is qualitatively the same as our previous
result, eq.~(\ref{ratio2}), except that now the relative value of the second
moment of the distribution enters as well.  The coefficient $c_2$ must be
greater than one, so this correction can only increase the lower bound on $H$.

\section{Implications for the hosts of GRBs and Discussion}

We now turn to the implications of the preceding analysis to the
specific case of GRBs and the host population in which the GRBs
may be embedded.  We have seen that if we observe
$B$ GRBs, which originated from a host population of $H$ hosts,
and further if assume that no host generated more than
one burst, then we can conclude that $H$ must be bounded below by $B^2$,
at a confidence level of roughly 90\%.
If a probability-weighted average over the number of repeaters
is taken instead, then the lower bound on $H$ drops to a number
which is of order $B^2/\langle N_2\rangle$, where $\langle N_2\rangle$
is the expected number of repeaters.  This is given by eq.~(\ref{n2av}),
which would typically yield $\langle N_2\rangle \sim B\sigma$
(and hence $H_{\rm min} \sim B/\sigma$),
where $\sigma$ is the angular resolution of the detector.
Our constraint on $H$ can be significant for models in which the
host population for GRBs consists of exotic objects of any kind,
such as galaxies with some particular morphological feature or other
specific signature such as a high star formation rate.
Another possibility is to consider clusters of galaxies
as hosts (rather than individual galaxies), provided that
the angular size of the clusters considered is much less than $\sigma$.

If repeaters are ever detected statistically through a value
of $R_{\rm exp}$ which is larger than $\langle R\rangle$
by several $\Delta R$, this analysis can be readily adapted
to find upper and lower limits on the number of hosts $H$.
The most likely value will be $H=B^2/\langle N_2\rangle$,
where $\langle N_2\rangle$
is the most likely value of the number of repeaters.

Finally, we restate our main point: simply by knowing that there
are $\sim 10^3$ bursts with no sign of repeaters, we can immediately
infer a model-independent lower bound on the number of hosts
in which GRBs may be embedded which is larger by more than two orders
of magnitude.

\acknowledgments

We thank Omer Blaes for many helpful discussions, and the referee
for several important comments which improved the paper.
This work was supported in part by NSF Grant PHY--91--16964.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


text:
Antony Gormley RA, GAZE III, 2015.
© Anthony Gormley. Photo: Stephen White.
From pencil and paper to virtual reality: working from life today
By Ben Luke
With our current exhibition exploring the past, present and future of working from life, art critic Ben Luke explores how today's artists are rethinking this seemingly traditional process in innovative, unexpected ways.
It is a painting that helped define our image of the Royal Academy. Johan Zoffany pictured a gathering of Royal Academicians as the institution was founded, presumably commissioned by the Academy's patron, George III, and located ever since in the Royal Collection. And the setting he chose? The old life-drawing room at Somerset House, the Academy's first permanent home. It is a painting rich in detail: Joshua Reynolds under the lamp with his ear trumpet listening as Francis Milner Newton speaks; George Michael Moser, then responsible for the RA Schools as the Keeper of the Royal Academy, setting the model's pose, with a sling supporting his hand to allow him to hold it for longer; a piece of chalk on the model's platform which would have helped mark his pose; and Zoffany himself on the far left, palette in hand, looking out at the viewer. Tellingly, as well as two models, all around are casts of classical sculptures.
Johan Zoffany RA, The Academicians of the Royal Academy, 1771-72.
Royal Collection Trust / © Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II 2017.
Zoffany's painting tells us that life drawing, and discussion about it, has been at the core of the RA's activities, a notion explored in depth in the Academy's new exhibition From Life. A mezzotint copy after Zoffany's painting features among the historic works at the beginning of the RA show, but from there on, the exhibition looks not to the past but to the present and future, bringing together a diverse group of international contemporary artists. These include those who continue to make work using the kind of media that Zoffany would recognise, such as Academicians Jenny Saville, Michael Landy and Chantal Joffe, but also artists working in the expanded field of media that entered the lexicon of art in the 20th and 21st centuries, such as Jeremy Deller and Yinka Shonibare RA. The continued engagement with architecture is reflected in the exhibition with work by Farshid Moussavi RA. And Lucian Freud – who, despite his death in 2011 still feels very much alive through his ever-present work – also makes a cameo.
The idea is to explore what working from life means in the 21st century. A series of life-drawing classes, led by special guest tutors, accompany the exhibition; members of the public can enter a ballot for a place at a free class. A book Artists Working from Life includes interviews with all the artists involved in the exhibition, revealing an illuminatingly broad range of approaches and techniques. Even those working in the most conventional media explore the idea of working from life in noticeably different ways.
Ellen Altfest, the American artist, scrutinises her models for long periods, and creates paintings in oil on canvas that are minutely detailed yet could never be described as photorealist. Her work in the From Life show, The Butt (2007) reflects her interest in zooming in on body parts, in this case the lower back and upper backside of her model. She captures the weight and spread of flesh as it comes into contact with a hard, paint-caked wooden stool, which she describes with the same fidelity. Altfest doesn't trouble herself with traditional rules on the depiction of the human figure – this is an unidealised (for which, read real) image of the human body: a little overweight, hairy, veiny, tan-lined. But it is also an abstraction, an all-over painting, in which, as she tells Michael Prodger in the book, she forgets the body part she's painting and becomes embroiled in the physical demands of the work. "I'm very absorbed, involved", she says. "I'm trying to push the painting".
Ellen Altfest, The Butt, 2007.
© Ellen Altfest. Courtesy White Cube, London. Photo: Bill Orcutt.
Experimenting with media while retaining a commitment to observation is at the heart of Jenny Saville's latest work. Saville emerged in the 1990s as the inheritor of a fleshy painterly tradition which seemed to reach back to Titian. Though meaty paint was initially her trademark, drawing has come to play an increasingly dominant role in her work, and her most recent works have featured several superimposed drawings, forming a web of lines that sometimes coalesce into bodies, unified or composite. These days, these are more often made from photographs that she takes or finds rather than using a model (though Saville spent much time in the Life Room at Glasgow School of Art in the late 1980s). But her work in From Life is from an earlier group focusing on faces of people who had experienced extreme trauma. Entry (2004-05) features the face of a person with a vast entry wound, presumably a bullet wound, close to their nose. It is a philosophical play on the idea of painting "from life" – Saville is in fact painting from death, from a forensic pathology book, yet capturing the face with the vitality of mark-making (if not of colour) that she employs in her images of the living. It is also inevitably a still life, not a portrait of a living being – a gruesome vanitas for our age.
Jenny Saville RA, Entry, 2004-05.
© Jenny Saville. ISelf Collection. Courtesy the artist and Gagosian. Photo: Mike Bruce.
Saville's appearance on the art scene in the UK saw her art immediately linked with Lucian Freud, partly because her paintings of weighty, fleshy bodies coincided with the extraordinary purple patch in Freud's career where he depicted two imposingly bulky figures: the performance artist Leigh Bowery and the benefits supervisor Sue Tilley. But Freud came to represent an extreme in working from life, quite distinct from Saville. He would never use photographs, for instance. As Martin Gayford writes in the book: "He would work exclusively from real objects, rooms, animals and people, and he would only work when all the contents of a picture were in front of his eyes".
Often, that ensemble would be together for months on end as Freud worked through a painting. And it would all begin with drawing: Freud would describe the scene in charcoal first, then rub it down with a cloth, leaving a trace of the drawing; this was the initial armature for the final painting. The exhibition includes a fascinating glimpse into this process, with a canvas marked only with the faintest of drawn marks and the quite highly rendered painting of just a neck, shoulders and the lower part of a face (A Beginning, Blond Girl, 1980). Aside from the intimacy of our encounter with this work – like reading the diary of this fiercely private enigma – it is fascinating technically. Many painters would block in the full composition in paint before going into greater detail; Freud zooms in as soon as he has the brush in his hand. It shows how crucial each moment of the painting process was to him: he had to get this detail down.
Lucian Freud, A Beginning, Blond Girl, 1980.
© The Lucian Freud Archive. Bridgeman Images.
The artist in the RA show whose career began most conventionally is Jonathan Yeo. He first made his name with a portrait of the former UK Prime Minister Tony Blair and then went on to produce numerous other paintings of celebrities and creatives that could be described as society portraiture. But Yeo now rarely makes this type of portrait, and his works for From Life are his most experimental to date. He is one of four artists in the exhibition who has made new works with the virtual reality (VR) platform HTC Vive and the software programmes that can be used with it to make art: Google's Tilt Brush and MakeVR Pro.
Yeo has launched himself into this new technological field with gusto, and produced two types of work. The first is a series of paintings that are self-portraits with a twist, made from studying 3D scans of himself. Usually, self-portraits are made in one of two ways – from looking in a mirror or from photographs. Both have drawbacks: the mirror is a reversed image, of course, and often projects the artist's "concentration face" as they study their own features. Photographs might have a more faithful expression, but are two-dimensional. The 3D scans allow the artist to treat his own face much more like that of someone else: the expression is neutral and he can see it in the round. But his paintings of it are far from straight portraits. They reflect the interface between the human and the digital: in one, for instance, he plays with the idea of his face being part of an artificial intelligence being.
Yeo's work within VR takes this playfulness a stage further. Working with Google Arts and Culture, he was able to incorporate the 3D scan of his head into virtual reality, where, with a headset on, he could observe it from all angles. Then using Google's Tilt Brush, which turns wireless controllers into paintbrush and palette, he "painted" his own virtual self-portrait from the scan. This in turn has been cast in bronze: a collision of ancient and modern technologies. "I am not a sculptor, so you get a sense by looking at the work that it must have been made in a different way – a sense of movement and energy and light." It is the very definition of new media: "It's only in the last few months – weeks even – that it has been possible to extract and repurpose the VR files in this way."
Jonathan Yeo works from his head scan inside virtual reality, using Google's Tilt Brush software to create self-portraits
© Jonathan Yeo studio.
Yinka Shonibare also combines 3D scanning and VR. He has made a life-size scan from the RA's 18th-century cast of the Townley Venus. The original Roman sculpture, itself a copy of a lost Greek original, was acquired by the artist and antiquary Gavin Hamilton before it entered the collection of the British Museum. The statue has been transformed by Shonibare's trademark batik fabric and then 3D scanned again, so that it can appear in a VR recreation of Hamilton's painting Venus Presenting Helen to Paris (c.1777-80), in which the viewer can step through the arch and into the background scenery. "My idea", he told Michael Prodger, "is that people can enter Hamilton's painting and encounter my sculptures there."
Yinka Shonibare RA, The virtual reality presentation Venus Presenting Helen to Paris (with Townley Venus), 2017.
© Yinka Shonibare. Courtesy the artist and Happy Finish, London.
Gavin Hamilton, Venus offering Helen to Paris, 1785.
De Agostini Picture Library / A. Dagli Orti / Bridgeman Images.
In her experiments with VR, the architect Farshid Moussavi RA has created an environment in which visitors to the exhibition can create variations on two great ribbed domes in Italy, Brunelleschi's dome for the Duomo in Florence (1420–36) and Borromini's for his Church of Sant'Ivo alla Sapienza (1632–60) in Rome – a fresh take on the idea of drawing from life, where the domes are the models whose form can be interpreted and adjusted. Moussavi told me that, while working from life "is something some artists may do and others may not do", for architects "it is just degree zero. Architecture cannot escape everyday life". She sees the potential for VR to draw architects' clients deeper into the design journey, where it could be used to "involve end users in the process and understand better the possible actualisation of an architectural idea at its life-size scale".
Sometimes, though, the VR experience can enhance artists' appreciation of their more everyday tools. Humphrey Ocean has long seen chairs in the context of the human form that they support, a form he has studied over many decades. From designs made in VR, he will produce a chair from a mix of wood and resin, a kind of hybrid car and dining seat, complete with crash-test-dummy legs (a slightly ominous inclusion). Yet while he has enjoyed using VR, it has reinforced his feeling that "paint is ahead of the curve" as a technology. Though it is "nothing, it comes out of the ground under our feet", paint has an almost alchemical ability to represent the physical aspects and emotional vitality of a sitter, as Ocean shows us in gouache paintings he makes in just an hour.
One of the most difficult aspects for artists working from life is to capture that vitality. For Antony Gormley, the traditional approach to life drawing has long seemed an inadequate means to do so. The life room seemed to him to be "a strange place where a real body was turned into a landscape – or, more to the point, an object", he told Martin Gayford. He set about making what he describes as "the most accurate account I could of a moment of being. I was more interested in living inside a body than making a reproduction of what it looked like from the outside. In other words, I wanted to ask what it felt like to be alive…" The sculptures he makes from casts and scans of his own body are therefore about the sensation of "inhabiting" a body.
Sometimes a body's vitality can be perceived in terms of its cultural significance. It is this that Jeremy Deller taps into in his work for the show. For a project hosted by the Brooklyn Museum in New York in 2016, he arranged for the rock star Iggy Pop to pose in an otherwise standard life class at the New York Academy of Art. As Deller told Sam Phillips, "Most life models are anonymous. Their identity doesn't interfere with the execution and appreciation of the drawing". But Iggy Pop's is a body of deep significance, which he has used to express an almost animal energy during four decades of often near-naked performances. As Deller put it, this body is "emblematic of the art form that is rock music". With his body depicted by skilled and novice artists, the results of Iggy Pop Life Class are somehow humble images of an ageing, if still very fit, body. Yet the modesty of the drawings also reflects an inadequacy in attempting to capture Pop's true spirit, which enhances his mystique, and reinforces that essential, ineffable characteristic that propels certain figures to a position of cultural resonance.
Iggy Pop life class by Jeremy Deller. New York, 21 February 2016. Organised by the Brooklyn Museum
Photo: Elena Olivo © Brooklyn Museum
When From Life was first announced, Tim Marlow, the Academy's Artistic Director, suggested that it "embodies what an artist-run academy was, is and might become". More artists not discussed here take on different strategies again. But one thing is clear: that while fewer artists may sit in front of a model and depict them on paper, as urged by those founding Royal Academicians captured by Zoffany, the idea of making art from life has as much currency as ever.
Ben Luke is an art critic at the London Evening Standard and Features Editor at The Art Newspaper.
From Life is at the RA from 11 December 2017 to 11 March 2018.
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Revisiting the exhibition: Antony Gormley
Six tonnes of steel mesh, a gallery flooded with seawater, a body you could walk through and an experience like no other. Relive our 2019 Antony Gormley exhibition with behind-the-scenes videos, inspiration from the man himself and works from the show.
7 life drawing shorts to do at home
In 2018, we hosted the world's first-ever livestreamed life drawing class from the Royal Academy's famous Life Room, #LifeDrawingLive. We'll be releasing a pose from the class every fortnight, so grab a pencil and have a crack at one.
"Lockdown reminded us that we're all makers – and that could change everything."
As museums and galleries reopen, Antony Gormley reflects on a revelatory three months in lockdown – and a cultural shift that could change the arts for the better.


text:
News | Learning and Development
55% of female tech workers want more L&D opportunities
Female workers also want to work in fairer and more equitable workplaces.
December 02, 2021, 02:12 pm GMT | By: Allie Nawrat
Skillsoft's Women in Tech report found that women are still facing challenges at work.
They are struggling to climb the corporate ladder.
How could more L&D opportunities, and tech tools, help?
The pandemic has affected everyone across the world, but the disruption has not been equal.
Women have largely born the brunt of the COVID-19 pandemic; they have left the workforce in droves because of caring responsibilities and the fact they dominate industries where working from home was impossible, like hospitality.
However, even in sectors that have been less disrupted by COVID-19 restrictions and lockdowns – like tech – women are still facing "persistent inequity, condescending treatment, and skepticism in their abilities", according to Skillsoft's 2021 Women in Tech report.
The learning and development (L&D) company surveyed 1,100 female tech workers in the US, the UK, Canada, and France. It found that 70% of respondents said men outnumbered women at their workplace by at least two to one.
They also reported that it took women longer to climb the corporate ladder. While men in leadership roles had between 15 and 20 years' experience, women in similar roles had at least 26 years' experience.
As a result, Skillsoft's report noted that women "believe there are different standards set for them versus the men in their field.
"Women are tired of not being taken less seriously. They feel excluded and they are often outnumbered.
"This is problematic for organizations as well as the women involved because it eliminates their valuable perspectives, reinforces inequity and gaps — all of which impact the way organizations perform."
The solution? Invest in L&D
Given that the world is living through a 'Great Resignation' and therefore employers need to retain their staff, what must tech companies do to create inclusive, equitable workplaces that women want to work in?
The answer is L&D. Skillsoft's research found that employees want their employers to provide more opportunities for career development and training (55%), as well as for mentorship and coaching (43%).
86% of respondents said that training was extremely or very important to them, but only 42% said their employers offer this despite the struggle to fill tech skills gaps.
"Investing in the upskilling, reskilling, and development of women in the workplace is a proactive endeavor. To recruit women and enable them for future success in tech, organizations must invest in development programs at all career stages," noted the report.
It recommended that employers build "the power skills of resilience, agility, and empathy" and "invest resources in acquiring, developing, and advancing women in the workplace".
Skillsoft's report also found that 41% of female tech workers want an equitable workplace culture. In terms of culture, women are particularly interested in pay equity with 38% saying this was their biggest challenge at work.
Skillsoft's SVP Of product management Potoula Chresomales concluded: "Women make up less than 40 percent of the global workforce, and for that number to increase, female employees must be empowered with continuous training, professional development, and career advancement, as well as equal pay.
"The time is now for organizations to tackle gender disparity head-on. By doing so, we can build more inclusive, equitable, and competitive businesses."
Now is the time to act by improving your workplaces, and investing in L&D tech – like LinkedIn Learning, Degreed or Skillsoft – to help fill skills gaps, keep learning topical and relevant, and ultimately attract and retain female talent.
Diversity, Equity and Inclusion Skills Development


my little macbook slipped off the edge of the couch last night - a spot where it regularly lives and has never had a mishap before - and upon picking it up, my heart sank. the display has shattered into a crazy splattered mess (something that i never ever knew LCD screens could do) and, although the harddrive is intact (thank god), it's essentially unusable.
now, i've had this wee laptop for almost 4 years now and was pretty due for an upgrade anyway but was trying to put it off for another year as apple currently doesn't really have anything that strikes my fancy. i love the compact size of my 12" so would love a 13" but they now only come with a glossy screen. and glossy screams to me REFLECTIVE which equals ANNOYING. the only way to get the screen i want is to jump up to the macbook pro, which only comes in 15" or 17" and has a huge price leap. you see the predicament i was in this morning, faced with an unusable computer and the fact that i really and truly need one at home.
so i bit the bullet, hoped onto the apple australia website, found a sale section with quite a few refurbished machines and, $2400 later, ordered myself a snappy new (refurbished) 15" macbook pro, which should be here tomorrow or the next day. i'm a bit excited now and probably will be more so once i get rid of the sick feeling in my stomach for having to drop so much cash due to my renowned clumsiness.
I guess your previous laptop made the decision for you :).
Good luck with new one!!!!
but don't worry the sick feeling will pass and you will be left with an exciting new computer in its place... Yay!
I'm sure that sick feeling will be replaced with excitement once it arrives!!
Oooooohhhh, I so know that feeling, the dropped laptop, the moment of blind panic when the bloody thing won't turn on......ugh!
I've got accidental damage cover on my new one, so basically if you drop it or do something equally as clumsy, you can claim it on insurance, and they'll give you a new one. Bonus!
Ouch! That's a very expensive toy, especially when you weren't expecting to replace it yet. But surely the new one will make you happy again once you get it.
you are all so right! it's here! and slightly huge! but i love it. it's so fun discovering all the new perks - the keyboard lights up!
my heart sinks for you. I just upgraded from an old G4 to a 17" macpro. I bought it through a 3rd party company here in Australia. My husband buys a lot from them for his business, and we saved quite a bit...still a huge outlay though. Guarantees are the same as apple. Worth a look in the future.
my first laptop.. a 15" titanium was dropped off my bed so many times!!... its amazing i was able to keep that machine alive for 5 years.. that titanium casing was the ultimate shield against my clumsiness, i must say. the second machine i bought used on ebay for $1200..and not knowing its past, i dont recommend anyone buying a used machine outright without buying it from the pros. Even though i saved a pretty penny or two on that purchase, i only got about two years out of it before my harddrive needed to be put to rest. (so sad)...so I splurged. i own the macbook pro 17incher now, and i love it. its so hard not working in bed or on the couch though!.. (im on my comfy bed as i type this) -- i take really good care of it though, i do!
hope you enjoy the new one!


text:
Celisse Henderson
#Artist#Blues#Rock
Celisse Henderson: until NAMM is "not 95% white, male, heterosexual and cisgendered… there is more change to be had"
She was speaking as part of our How To Be A Modern Guitarist panel.
Image: Phillip Faraone / Getty
Guitarist and singer Celisse Henderson has spoken about the current state of diversity in the guitar industry, saying that change has started for the better – but in many ways, there's still a long way to go.
Henderson made the comments in the latest issue of Guitar Magazine, where we asked a broad panel of guitar stars How To Be A Modern Guitarist. We got their thoughts on issues spanning social media to inclusivity, sustainability and more.
READ MORE: The May 2021 issue of Guitar Magazine is out now!
The world of guitar is certainly more inclusive than it was a few decades ago. We asked our panel how players and the industry alike can ensure this trend continues, and for their thoughts on what other changes need to be made. Henderson responded: "a lot of brands are slowly but surely starting to pivot their overall messaging. But there's a difference between a few social media posts and creating an environment on every level that is, in fact, diverse.
"If a brand looks around at its staff, artists and customers, and they don't reflect what it is trying to promote, then there might be more to look at. The industry as a whole is moving in a more inclusive direction but until I show up to NAMM and it's not 95 per cent white, male, heterosexual and cisgendered, there's more change to be had."
Many of the panel similarly said that simply performing an idea of diversity wouldn't be enough to affect long-term change. Luthier Leila Sidi said: "I don't think promotion is the key to diversity and inclusion… are brands hiring people with diverse backgrounds? And are people choosing to support brands that are already run by folks who are Black, Indigenous and people of colour?"
You can read the full feature How To Be A Modern Guitarist in the May 2021 issue of Guitar Magazine, out now.
For more guitar news, click here.


A large room is filled with mousetraps, arranged in a grid. Each mousetrap is loaded with two ping-pong balls, carefully placed so that when the mousetrap goes off they will be flung, land on other mousetraps and set them off. The walls of the room are sticky, so any balls that hit the walls of the room are effectively absorbed.
Every mousetrap that gets hit sends the two ping-pong balls in the same way: their movement is determined by a X and Y displacement relative to the launching mousetrap. You then decide to launch a single ping-pong ball into the room. It hits a mousetrap, setting it off, and launching its two balls. These two balls then set off two more mousetraps, and now four balls fly off... When the dust settles, many of the mousetraps have been set off, but some have been missed by all the flying balls.
You need to calculate how many mousetraps will be set off.
As an example (see the first sample test case), the picture below illustrates a room with width 5, height 3. The two directions for the ping-pong balls in each room are (-1, 0) and (-1, -1), respectively. The first ball you launch hits the mousetrap at the position (4, 2). In the end, 12 mousetraps are triggered.
The first line of input gives the number of cases, C. C test cases follow. Each case contains four lines. The first line is the size of the grid of mousetraps (equal to the size of the room), given as its width W and height H. The next two lines give the destinations of the two ping-pong balls, as an X and Y displacement. For example, if the two lines were 0 1 and 1 1, then triggering a mousetrap would launch two balls; one would hit the mousetrap just up from the triggered mousetrap, and the other would hit the mousetrap that is up and to the right of the triggered mousetrap. The final line has two integers specifying, respectively, the column and row of the mousetrap set off by the original ping-pong ball (where 0 0 would be the bottom left mousetrap).
Neither vector will have zero length.
For each test case, output one line containing "Case #A: B", where A is 1-based number of the case and B is the number of mousetraps that are triggered (including the first one).


Leprechaun Gold Columbine features showy nodding purple bell-shaped flowers with yellow eyes and pink spurs at the ends of the stems from late spring to early summer. The flowers are excellent for cutting. Its attractive ferny compound leaves remain forest green in colour with showy gold variegation throughout the season. The fruit is not ornamentally significant.
Leprechaun Gold Columbine is an herbaceous perennial with an upright spreading habit of growth. Its medium texture blends into the garden, but can always be balanced by a couple of finer or coarser plants for an effective composition.
Leprechaun Gold Columbine will grow to be about 18 inches tall at maturity extending to 24 inches tall with the flowers, with a spread of 20 inches. Its foliage tends to remain dense right to the ground, not requiring facer plants in front. It grows at a medium rate, and under ideal conditions can be expected to live for approximately 5 years.
Leprechaun Gold Columbine is a fine choice for the garden, but it is also a good selection for planting in outdoor pots and containers. With its upright habit of growth, it is best suited for use as a 'thriller' in the 'spiller-thriller-filler' container combination; plant it near the center of the pot, surrounded by smaller plants and those that spill over the edges. Note that when growing plants in outdoor containers and baskets, they may require more frequent waterings than they would in the yard or garden.


Shower Bench Bathroom Accessories - Making your choice count towards a successful bath!
many options. the right choice.
Shower bench bathroom accessories - the decision can be overwhelming but critical. Most falls take place in the bathroom and the shower is no exception.
Many people stop taking showers and substitute a sponge bath long before they really need to. The use of water outside the body in the form of a shower or bath brings many benefits to health. Resorting to a sponge bath, while better than nothing at all, robs your body of the healing, healthful benefits of using water on the outside of the body. Consider the following benefits of bathing before you rule out finding shower bench bathroom accessories to meet your specific needs.
A cool or cold bath is an excellent tonic and can tone up the skin.
Warm baths relax and open the pores for cleansing, improve circulation and soothe the nerves.
Baths help respiration to become more free and easy.
Bathing helps the bowels, stomach and liver - strengthening the entire system.
Mustard added to water for a foot bath with relieve a congested head.
Soft flannel clothes wet in hot water and salt will relieve painful, inflamed eyes.
Many don't know how to make their shower experience safe. While the benefits of water and soaking in a hot bath rank high in our early years when strength and perfect balance was not a concern, weakness, instability and a number of other ailments stop some short of stepping in.
Among other items, being able to sit down can bring back the joy and benefits of showering in a luxurious stream of water or even in a bathtub full of water! It is possible but sometimes possibility comes with a price tag.
Shower bench and bathroom accessories are not only a convenient accessory but are also essential for a safe, beneficial bathing experience. They come in all shapes and sizes, overwhelming and confusing the buyer. Let's narrow the options down a bit to the shower bench bathroom accessories that fit your needs.
Shower Bench Bathroom Accessories - finding your fit.
Simple seat, legs adjust up and down based on height and ability but no back or arms. Good for walk in showers or small showers/bathtubs. Can be turned side ways if absolutely necessary.
Simple seat with back rest, no arms, legs adjust up and down based on patients height and/or ability. Good for walk in showers or small showers or bathtubs.
Simple seat with back and arms, legs adjust up and down based on patients height and/or ability. Seat and back may be cushioned.
Transfer shower bench. ONE arm and a back (and optional accessory's)and is designed to fit two-thirds in the tub and one-third outside the tub. This allows individuals who are non-weight bearing or unable to step up and over the tub wall to simply sit and scoot in. Legs are adjustable.
Adjustable for a shower facing either way. Seat and back may be cushioned. Various optional accessories. Shower curtains can be tucked underneath the user or a "box" shape can be cut out to fit over the bench (more water ends up on the floor though!) This option does not work with glass doors or small bathrooms.
Transport shower commodes - popular in nursing homes and rehab units due to it's ability to roll on wheels fairly easily. Home owners use these if they have a large wheel in/walk in shower designed specifically for a patients needs. Patient does not need to get off transport shower commode. It triples into transportation, shower chair and commode. Nice for non-ambulatory patients (those who can not walk).
Your best, and cheapest option? Your plastic patio chair. Nope, not medical equipment but cheap and functional. It's not adjustable but it is cheap, has a back and two arms and is comfy. It's up to you to make it safe. Use your better judgement! Be sure to put two bath mats under all four legs to ensure no slipping as there are no rubber tips on these chairs.
Another simple option and affordable is your folding mesh shower chair. Folds into about 2 inches wide and only weighs 4 pounds. Mold resistant. Non slip rubber feet unsure a safer bathing experience and protect your tub finish.
Convenient, one-piece bench has a comfortable, contoured seating area. Portable for easy storage and travel. Easily adjustable, the seat fits standard tubs 19" to 28" wide. Rubber stops help protect your tub. You need to have a good lip on the wall side of your tub for this seat to have ample "clamp room. Adjustable underneath the bench to "lock" it into place. I love these!
After choosing your shower bench bathroom accessories, make your bathing experience even safer with Grab bars.
It may seem simple to figure out what type of shower bench you need for the ability of the user. However, this may not always be so clear. If you are still unsure what choice is the best, you can always ask a question in the forums, contact your local home health agency or consult with me directly. No two bathrooms are alike and no two patients are alike either.
If you find it still impossible to access the right shower bench bathroom accessories, sponge baths can also bring healing benefits to a diseased, sick body.
Another option in the shower bench bathroom accessories family that could help in tough situations is the transport shower commode - serving several purposes in one piece of physical therapy equipment!
Your Third Arm! Like Your Own Personal Assistant!
What Bedside Commodes Fits Your Needs Best?
Consider home safety before your physical therapy equipment purchase.
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Bothered by a sore back from touching up the paint on the house over the weekend, and crushed by all the projects and work tasks I'm juggling, I went to bed a bit early, thinking I'd get a good night of sleep. I set the alarm for 5:30 a.m., and planned to spend an hour writing and sipping tea before the family's morning routine kicked in.
But sometime during the night, Oliver had crawled into the bed between me and Erin. He tossed and turned and kicked me in the face. I should move him back to his bed, I thought, but didn't. When the alarm sounded, I rolled out of bed, not as rested as I wanted to be.
A hot cup of tea got me going, but no writing. Still, faced with the stresses of deadlines and responsibilities, what did I focus on? Another idea.
'I wonder how I can get the BlogTogether Awards finally going,' I thought. I've long wanted to grow the community service award — I gave it to David Kroll in 2011, and he gave it to Karyn Traphagen in 2012 — into a set of awards that we would give to others across the country who have bootstrapped communities, facilitated conversations and promoted the golden rule and the four Cs of inspiration.
The day is rolling along. Just wanted to get that idea onto the blog. One of these days, maybe with a full night of sleep, I'll wake up and make this idea happen.