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L'église Saint-Pierre-Saint-Paul est une église catholique située à Santeuil (Val-d'Oise), en France.

Édifiée pendant deux campagnes au second quart du  pour les parties orientales et le clocher et au début du  pour la nef, elle associe le style roman au style gothique primitif et conserve une rare homogénéité. Elle a en effet été épargnée par les guerres et n'a jamais subi de remaniements ou modifications affectant sa structure, ce qui est rare dans le Vexin français. L'église de Santeuil se présente comme un type idéal de l'église villageoise médiévale. Son plan est tout à fait classique et régulier, même plus régulier que d'habitude car le chœur et les croisillons du transept sont presque identiques. Son clocher correspond à un type largement répandu dans le Vexin. Sa nef montre une élévation ambitieuse à trois niveaux avec une galerie ouverte sur combles, évoquant le triforium des grandes églises et cathédrales gothiques. L'influence du chantier de la cathédrale Notre-Dame de Paris est indéniable car les arcades des galeries sont directement recopiées sur celles du chœur de cette cathédrale. En même temps, contrairement aux apparences, les dimensions de l'église sont tout à fait modestes, et sa nef ne mesure que  de large, ce qui la fait paraître encore plus haute et élancée.

Toute l'architecture de l'église est soignée, mais la décoration reste simple, ce qui n'empêche pas une certaine élégance grâce à l'harmonie des volumes et des formes. Hormis ces caractéristiques, l'église Saint-Pierre-et-Saint-Paul se distingue par ses croisillons et son chœur recouvertes de voûtes en berceau romanes, ce qui est devenu très rare dans la région, la plupart de ces voûtes ayant été remplacées par des voûtes d'ogives. L'église de Santeuil a été classée au titre des monuments historiques par arrêté du .

Localisation

L'église est située dans le département français du Val-d'Oise, dans le Vexin français et dans la vallée de la Viosne, sur la commune de Santeuil, rue de l'Église. Elle est bâtie sur une proéminence du flanc de colline contre laquelle le village est adossée, et domine ainsi toute la partie ancienne du village, si bien qu'elle est visible de loin dans une partie de la vallée. Cependant, étant située plus basse que les plateaux dans lesquels la vallée de la Viosne s'est creusée, seulement la flèche du clocher est visible en s'approchant de Santeuil par les plateaux, depuis l'ouest et l'est. Le cimetière entoure toujours l'église, à l'ouest, au sud et à l'est, tandis que la rue de l'Église passe près de l'élévation nord. Il est situé à un niveau supérieur que les rues qui le délimitent, à savoir la rue de l'Église au nord et à l'ouest et la Côte du Colombier au sud, et cette différence de niveau nécessite un mur de soutènement qui fait qu'il faut gravir plusieurs marches d'escalier pour accéder au cimetière et donc à l'église. Cette situation topographique particulière fait que l'église est exposée comme sur un présentoir et marque particulièrement la silhouette du village, lui donnant son cachet individuel. En même temps, seulement les parties hautes de l'église sont visibles depuis les voies qui l'entourent directement, du fait des murs de soutènement et de la différence de niveau. Pour bien voir l'élévation sud et le chevet, il faut pénétrer dans le cimetière et reculer jusqu'à ses limites. Aucune autre construction ne s'approche de l'église, si bien que l'on peut en faire le tour et qu'aucune partie n'est dissimulée.

Historique

Les origines

L'église de Santeuil était initialement placée sous le patronage de saint Romain, et dépendait du doyenné de Meulan et de l'archidiocèse de Rouen jusqu'à la Révolution française. Aucun document d'archives renseignant sur l'histoire de l'édifice et ses campagnes de construction n'est connu. L'analyse archéologique permet aisément de distinguer deux campagnes de construction bien distinctes, la première étant située au second quart du  et porte sur le transept, le clocher et le chœur, et la seconde étant située au premier quart du  et porte sur la nef avec les bas-côtés. La voûte de la base du clocher, qui est en même temps la croisée du transept, a été refaite pendant le , sans doute dès la seconde campagne. Pendant le dernier quart du , un nouveau portail a été percé dans le bas-côté sud, et le portail dans le mur occidental du croisillon sud a sans doute été bouché en même temps. Les auteurs ayant étudié l'église à de différentes époques s'accordent pour la datation à quelques détails près. Eugène Lefèvre-Pontalis pense que la façade occidentale serait contemporaine des parties orientales, avis non partagé par les autres auteurs. En tout cas, la tourelle d'escalier est postérieure à l'achèvement de la façade, car son mur recouvre en partie un contrefort plat de cette façade. Pour Pierre Coquelle, Eugène Lefèvre-Pontalis et Monique Rivoire, le clocher est contemporain des parties orientales et caractéristique du milieu du , voire de la première moitié du , alors que Maryse Bideault et Claudine Lautier le datent du début du , tout en insistant sur son caractère encore roman, et sans expliquer leur avis qui peut paraître surprenant.

Les évolutions depuis la fin de la construction

L'église Saint-Pierre-et-Saint-Paul est l'un des rares édifices religieux du Vexin à avoir été plus ou moins épargnés de ravages pendant la guerre de Cent Ans. En effet, surtout sous les occupations successives par les Anglais pendant la première moitié du , la plupart des églises du Vexin ont été incendiées ou partiellement détruites. Des reconstructions dans le style gothique flamboyant puis Renaissance à partir du dernier quart du  en a été la conséquence, faisant disparaître de nombreux nefs et chœurs du Moyen Âge. Ce n'est pas le cas de l'église de Santeuil, et elle en tient une relative homogénéité stylistique qui est l'exception pour les églises des  et s dans la région, et qui se rencontre plutôt chez les églises presque entièrement reconstruites après la guerre de Cent Ans. Cependant, des modifications mineures ont été apportées à l'église, concernant notamment les fenêtres, et visant à améliorer son éclairage par la lumière naturelle. Ainsi, les deux croisillons du transept sont pourvus de fenêtres en arc brisé plus grandes que les fenêtres romanes primitives, sans doute au  ; une vaste baie est ménagée dans le chevet au  ; les deux grandes fenêtres en plein cintre dans le mur méridional du chœur et les deux autres dans les murs orientaux des chapelles orientées ont probablement été percées au  ; et les fenêtres latérales des bas-côtés ont été refaites à l'époque moderne et une seconde fois à la fin du . Subsistent donc d'origine, les fenêtres de la façade occidentale, les fenêtres hautes de la nef, les trois fenêtres latérales des croisillons qui subsistent (donc une donnant sur les combles de la sacristie), et les deux fenêtres au nord du chœur (dont une bouchée). Également pour des raisons pratiques, les colonnes de l'arcade séparant la croisée du transept du chœur ont été coupées à mi-hauteur, et les piles du clocher ont été évasées en dessous, afin d'améliorer la visibilité du sanctuaire depuis la nef. En effet, l'écart entre les colonnes n'est que de , ce qui est un défaut de conception de l'église. Lors d'une restauration qualifiée de récente par Eugène Lefèvre-Pontalis en 1886, les faisceaux de cinq colonnettes contre le mur du croisillon nord ont été remplacés par des faisceaux de trois colonnettes par simple économie. D'autres modifications s'expliquent moins bien, à savoir la suppression de la double archivolte avec ses colonnettes à chapiteaux devant la chapelle orientée sud, et le bouchage de l'étroit passage entre le croisillon nord et le chœur, en 1920. Reste à mentionner l'ajout de la sacristie dans l'angle entre croisillon sud et chapelle orientée sud, à une époque indéterminée.

Sous l'initiative de L. Magne qui signale son mauvais état en 1890, l'édifice est classé au titre des monuments historiques par arrêté du . Les premières restaurations, dont celle à l'intérieur du bas-côté nord, sont donc antérieures au classement. À la suite de ce classement, de nombreux travaux sont entrepris pendant plusieurs décennies. En plus de la réfection des fenêtres des bas-côtés, dont le caractère roman est rétabli, les contreforts sont réparés et les corniches restaurées, et beaucoup de modillons sont remplacés. En 1905 et 1906, le tiers supérieur de la flèche en pierre est entièrement reconstruit. Les charpentes et couvertures sont réparées, des rejointoiements sont effectués dans les parois tant à l'extérieur qu'à l'intérieur, les baies des tribunes ouvertes sur combles sont débouchées, les arcs des voûtes et une partie des bases des colonnes sont refaits. Un dégagement de l'extérieur de l'église a lieu en 1922 et 1923. L'architecte en chef des monuments historiques chargé de la direction du chantier est Gabriel Ruprich-Robert à partir de 1908, puis Jules Formigé entre 1927 et 1942. Il s'occupe en particulier des supports (colonnes, bases et chapiteaux) dont les parties détériorées sont remplacées, et fait restaurer l'ensemble des parois de l'église.

Description

Aperçu général

L'église se présente dans ses grands traits dans la même apparence que lors de son achèvement vers 1220. Régulièrement orientée et de plan cruciforme, elle se compose d'une nef de quatre travées accompagnée de bas-côtés ; d'un transept nettement plus bas que la nef dont les croisillons comportent deux travées successives ; d'un clocher central se dressant au-dessus de la croisée du transept ; d'un chœur rectangulaire de deux travées se terminant par un chevet plat ; de deux chapelles orientées à l'est des croisillons ; et d'une sacristie à l'angle entre le croisillon et la chapelle orientée sud. La nef, les bas-côtés et la croisée du transept sont voûtés d'ogives ; et les croisillons, les chapelles orientées et le chœur sont voûtés en berceau brisé. L'église possède deux accès, le portail occidental et le portail latéral du bas-côté sud, celui du croisillon sud et un autre portail dans le mur occidental du bas-côté nord restant bouchés. De l'extérieur, les toitures présentent des pignons aux quatre extrémités. Les bas-côtés, les chapelles orientées et la sacristie sont recouverts de toits en appentis. Puisque le toit en appentis de la chapelle du nord prend appui contre le mur du chœur et non contre celui du croisillon, la première baie au nord du chœur est obturée, ce qui fait penser qu'il ne s'agit pas d'une disposition d'origine. Une tourelle d'escalier flanque la façade occidentale à gauche de la nef.

Intérieur

Nef

La nef ne mesure que  de largeur à l'intérieur, ce qui permet de ne placer que cinq chaises de front entre les piliers. C'est le clocher qui a commandé la largeur de la nef, car leur largeur est extérieurement la même. Ainsi, la nef peut efficacement contrebuter le clocher, dont le premier étage est dépourvu de contreforts. Quatre grandes arcades en tiers-point font communiquer la nef avec ses bas-côtés, qui sont encore plus étroits et ne servent que de couloirs de dégagement. Des chaises sont toutefois placées sous les grandes arcades afin de remédier au manque de place. Les arcades reposent sur des piliers cylindriques isolés appareillés en tambour. Les corbeilles des chapiteaux sont de faible hauteur par rapport aux tailloirs octogonaux, ornés de deux baguettes en leur milieu. Tous les chapiteaux sont sculptés de crochets, mais néanmoins tous différents, et Monique Rivoire souligne la qualité d'exécution. Comme motifs, l'on trouve de larges feuilles côtelées terminées en enroulement charnus ou des boutons qui se recourbent, avec parfois de petites feuilles à leur base, séparées par des feuilles plates ; des crochets alternant sur deux rangs ; et des feuilles découpés qui s'enroulent autour de la corbeille comme si elles étaient inclinées par le vent. Outre les grandes arcades, les tailloirs reçoivent les faisceaux de trois colonnettes qui descendent des hautes voûtes de la nef, ainsi que les doubleaux et ogives des bas-côtés. Les grandes arcades elles-mêmes sont à double rouleau, mais le tore extérieur ne peut achever sa trajectoire en raison des colonnettes, et descend donc par une ligne droite. Ce compromis a été retenu pour obtenir une ouverture maximale des grandes arcades. Leurs arêtes sont occupées par un petit tore et le profil de l'intrados est donc d'un méplat entre deux tores dégagés par des cavets. Au-dessus de l'étage des grandes arcades, un bandeau mouluré sert d'appui aux baies de la galerie ouverte sur combles, et à l'instar du tore qui sépare cet étage de celui des fenêtres hautes, sa fonction est de renforcer le caractère élancé de la nef et la verticalité, car les lignes verticales permettent à l'œil humain d'apprécier la distance et donc la hauteur. Le bandeau inclut les supports des hautes voûtes, où il prend la forme de bagues.

Les baies du faux triforium ou des galeries ouvertes sur combles s'ouvrent sous un arc de décharge brisé, qui repose sur deux colonnettes au chapiteaux de crochets dont les tailloirs moulurés s'approchent des supports des hauts voûtes, moulures qui se poursuit sur un court bandeau prenant le relais des tailloirs jusqu'aux supports. Sous chaque arc de décharge, les baies sont au nombre de trois, et repose sur trois colonnettes à chapiteaux de crochets qui prennent un léger recul par rapport à celles du premier. Ces trois colonnettes supportent un tympan non ajouré. La colonnette libre entre les deux baies est taillée à facettes une fois sur deux, et d'une travée sur l'autre, l'on trouve une telle colonnette alternativement au nord et au sud. Ce procédé qui vise à renforcer le jeu d'ombre et de lumière est très rare dans l'architecture gothique et ne se trouve guère que dans la collégiale Notre-Dame-en-Vaux de Châlons-en-Champagne et dans la crypte de l'église Saint-Étienne de Chamigny. Mis à part cette particularité, c'est la qualité de la sculpture des chapiteaux qui est à souligner. Les baies du faux triforium sont copiées sur celles du chœur de Notre-Dame-de-Paris, où il s'agit bien entendu d'un triforium véritable, c'est-à-dire avec un mur de refend. Ces galeries ouvertes sur combles se trouvent dans les églises de moindre importance dès le début de l'architecture gothique, et l'on en trouve des semblables dans les églises Saint-Aubin d'Ennery et Saint-Pierre-Saint-Paul de Gonesse, et d'une forme un peu différente, dans l'église de la Nativité de la Sainte-Vierge de Jouy-le-Moutier.

Un gros tore sépare l'étage des galeries de l'étage des fenêtres hautes. Immédiatement en dessus, suivent les chapiteaux des voûtes de la nef. Ceux qui correspondent aux doubleaux sont plus grands que ceux destinés aux ogives et formerets, qui sont placés en biais. Le profil des ogives est de deux tores séparés d'une arête, et celui des doubleaux s'en inspire, avec également deux tores séparés d'un méplat, car les doubleaux sont plus larges que les ogives. Les clés de voûte sont des petites rosaces d'une belle facture. Dans la nef, les voûtes sont à peine bombées. Les fenêtres hautes sont à lancette simple et leur arc brisé touche presque aux formerets. Ces petites fenêtres sans remplage sont un archaïsme qui exclut une période de construction postérieure à 1210 / 1220.

Bas-côtés

Les bas-côtés doivent leur caractère essentiellement aux grandes arcades. Du fait de leur étroitesse, les doubleaux sont extrêmement aigües, et les voûtes sont très bombées dans le sens nord-sud. Le doubleau secondaire des grandes arcades et les ogives s'interpénètrent avant de retomber sur les gros chapiteaux des piliers isolés, ce qui n'est pas le cas aux deux extrémités des bas-côtés. En dépit de la manque de place, et contrairement à la disposition adoptée pour la nef, les formerets disposent initialement de supports dédiés au droit des murs latéraux, où l'on trouve ainsi des faisceaux de cinq colonnettes du côté nord. Si ce n'est pas le cas dans le bas-côté sud, c'est le résultat d'une restauration pendant laquelle toutes les colonnettes et chapiteaux ont été remplacées, mais par mesure d'économie, l'on s'est contenté de faisceaux de trois colonnettes. Les nervures des voûtes ont le même profil que dans la nef, mais les clés de voûtes se présentent sous la forme de médaillons. Un seul médaillon est bien conservé au nord, et c'est également le seul qui s'accompagne d'une petite tête sculptée. Du côté de la façade occidentale, seul le bas-côté sud est percée d'une petite fenêtre en arc brisée largement ébrasée. Elle date d'origine, et son caractère archaïque peut expliquer qu'Eugène Lefèvre-Pontalis date la façade occidentale du milieu du . Dans le bas-côté sud, la porte de la tourelle d'escalier se trouve à la place de cette fenêtre. Les extrémités orientales des bas-côtés font preuve d'un raccordement peu heureux avec les croisillons. Les piles carrées du clocher font saillie dans les bas-côtés, qui se terminent par un mur dans lequel une étroite arcade en plein cintre est percée. Au-dessus du mur, le dernier doubleau du bas-côté est seulement mouluré devant la pile du clocher. Seulement deux colonnettes à chapiteaux occupent les angles nord-est et sud-est des bas-côtés, ce qui montre que la moulure du dernier doubleau n'était pas destinée à être achevée. Les étroites arcades rappellent les passages berrichons qui sont fréquents dans les églises qui possèdent une nef-grange romane, plus large que la base du clocher. Restent à mentionner une petite niche dans la troisième travée du bas-côté nord, et une arcature aveugle dans la quatrième travée du bas-côté sud, pouvant correspondre à un enfeu disparu.

Croisée du transept

Le clocher repose sur quatre piles de plan cruciforme, ou autrement dit, des piles carrées contre lesquelles des pilastres moins larges sont adossés. De grosses colonnes sont engagées dans chacun des huit pilastres tournées vers l'intérieur des ouvertures faisant communiquer la croisée du transept avec la nef, les croisillons et le chœur. Ces demi-colonnes supportent seulement des arcades brisées et non les voûtes en berceau des croisillons et du chœur. En effet, les voûtes commencent nettement en dessus des arcades. Les arêtes des arcades sont moulurées d'un tore dégagé par des cavets, ce qui n'est pas éloigné de la moulure des grandes arcades de la nef. Cependant, ces arcades sont doublés par un second rang de claveaux qui est aussi large que les pilastres sur lequel il repose. À l'intérieur de la croisée, ce second rang de claveaux est portée à proximité de la voûte et décoré d'un tore. Du côté de la nef, un troisième rang de claveaux encore plus large s'y ajoute, aussi large que les piles du clocher. Ces rangs de claveaux supplémentaires et l'absence de fonction des arcades pour le support des voûtes ont motivé le conseil de fabrique de couper les demi-colonnes côté chœur à mi-hauteur, et de supprimer la partie inférieure des pilastres, ce qui n'a apparemment pas été nuisible à la stabilité du clocher. C'est une solution douteuse du point de vue esthétique, mais largement justifiée par l'ouverture trop réduite des arcades, qui n'est que de  comme déjà évoqué. Lors du même remaniement, l'on a également coupé la partie inférieure des colonnettes qui ont été logées dans les quatre angles de la croisée du transept lors de son voûtement d'ogives. La voûte est par ailleurs située à peu près à la même hauteur que celles de la nef, ce qui est étonnant du fait de la hauteur plus réduite des arcades de la croisée. Le profil des ogives est de deux tores encadrant un filet. Il n'y a pas de trou de cloches central, ce qui n'existait pas encore au , mais un grand orifice a été percé dans le voûtain occidental. Si la voûte et les parties hautes de la croisée ne laissent apparaître aucune trace d'un remaniement, les gros chapiteaux des demi-colonnes des arcades indiquent toutefois le caractère initialement roman de la base du clocher. Ces chapiteaux sont sculptés de feuilles d'acanthe travaillées au trépan, de feuilles stylisées, d'entrelacs perlés et de têtes de monstre, mais les chapiteaux des arcades vers les croisillons sont devenus difficilement lisibles. Au nord de l'arc triomphal, l'on trouve un chapiteau historié montrant un homme aux cheveux long assis à cheval sur un chien. — Aujourd'hui, le maître-autel est dans la croisée du transept et le chœur proprement dit est désaffecté.

Croisillons et chapelles orientées

Les croisillons sont destinées à servir de chapelles latérales, comme souvent dans les églises romanes, où la croisée de dimensions trop réduites n'était intégré dans le chœur liturgique : il n'y a en effet aucune continuité visuelle entre les croisillons et le chœur. Chaque croisillon compte deux travées successives séparés par un doubleau intermédiaire. La seconde travée est occupé par un piédestal et un petit autel à son extrémité. Une porte bouchée reste visible dans le mur occidental, tant au nord qu'au sud. La première travée présente l'étroite arcade plein cintre vers le bas-côté dans le mur occidental, est une arcade nettement plus grande vers la chapelle orientée dans le mur oriental. Les chapelles orientées accueillaient elles aussi des autels, et une piscine liturgique s'est conservée dans le mur septentrional de la chapelle du nord, ce qui indiquent que des messes de fondation y ont pu être célébrées. Dans le mur méridional de la chapelle sud, une porte moderne donne accès à la sacristie. Lieux de prière et de dévotion pendant des siècles, les croisillons et les chapelles orientées sont aujourd'hui sans usage, les cérémonies religieuses étant devenues trop rares pour que leurs autels puissent encore bénéficier d'attentions de la part des fidèles. L'architecture des croisillons est austère, mais l'on doit envisager la possibilité de peintures murales, comme l'indique un fragment (en l'occurrence un blason) sur le mur oriental du croisillon sud. Le profil en arc brisé des voûtes, doubleaux et arcades vers les chapelles indique une période de construction à la fin de la période romane, alors que l'on construisait déjà les premières voûtes d'ogives. L'ornementation se limite aux doubleaux intermédiaires et aux arcades faisant communiquer les croisillons avec la croisée et les chapelles. Le profil des doubleaux intermédiaires est d'un filet entre deux gros tores, soit pratiquement le même que celui des ogives de la croisée, bien que cette voûte daterait du . Les doubleaux retombent sur les chapiteaux de demi-colonnes adossées aux murs, semblables à ceux de la croisée, et comparables à celles de l'église Saint-Sulpice de Chars. La chapelle du nord s'ouvre sous une double archivolte décorée de moulurations toriques, l'archivolte extérieure retombant sur de petits chapiteaux de fines colonnettes, et l'archivolte sur des chapiteaux plus grands de colonnettes plus forte. Les archivoltes de la chapelle sud ont été supprimées. À l'intérieur des chapelles, toute ornementation est absente. Une unique baie dans le mur oriental suffit largement à l'éclairage. Les croisillons ne comportent de fenêtres que dans la seconde travée, à savoir des fenêtres romanes en plein cintre et largement ébrasés à l'est et à l'ouest, et une fenêtre gothique primitive semblable aux fenêtres hautes de la nef respectivement au nord et au sud. Dans le croisillon sud, la baie occidentale a cependant disparu, et la baie orientale ne donne que sur les combles de la sacristie, bien qu'elle ait gardée sa verrière.

Chœur

Le chœur est en grande partie analogue aux croisillons. Il communique avec la croisée par l'arcade évasée dans sa partie inférieure de la manière déjà décrite. Il n'y a pas d'intercommunications avec les chapelles orientées dont les murs touchent ceux du chœur, et le passage qui existait jusqu'en 1920 avec la chapelle du nord ne datait que de l'époque moderne, d'après Eugène Lefèvre-Pontalis. Monique Rivoire signale que les chapiteaux de l'arcade vers le chœur et du doubleau intermédiaire et les bases ont en grande partie été refaits, ce qui explique leur bon état, contrairement aux arcades séparant le chœur des croisillons, où les chapiteaux sont fortement dégradés mais authentiques. Un chapiteau authentique se trouve toutefois à droite de la piscine de la première travée du chœur. Contrairement aux croisillons, il y a deux fenêtres latérales par travée, celles du nord datant d'origine et celles du sud ayant été repercées au . La première baie du nord est bouchée, mais la vaste baie du chevet rend le chœur très lumineux. Elle est aujourd'hui dépourvue de remplage, mais les fines colonnettes avec leurs petites chapiteaux qui supportent une double archivolte torique renvoient bien au premier quart du  et au style gothique rayonnant.

En dessous de cette fenêtre, se trouve le grand retable de l'ancien maître-autel, qui occupe toute la largeur du chœur et s'appuie contre le mur extérieur. C'est une œuvre de style classique en pierre taillée, d'une facture relativement simple. La partie centrale est occupée, comme souvent, par une représentation de la cène, ici sous la forme d'une peinture murale. Elle est flanquée par deux pilastres cannelés qui supportent un entablement qui fait saillie en dessus des pilastres, et arborent des têtes de chérubins en bas-relief à ces endroits. Sinon, le décor de l'entablement se limite à une frise de denticules, quelques médaillons et l'inscription « MHA » au centre. À gauche et à droite de l'image de la cène, les compartiments entre les pilastres et les angles du mur comportent des niches à statues en plein cintre, qui abritent des statues de saints évêques ayant perdu leurs attributs, alors que l'on s'attendrait plutôt à saint Pierre et saint Paul. Mais saint Pierre en costume pontifical trône sur un fauteuil au sommet du retable. Les chiffres « 16 » à gauche et « 60 » à droite devraient correspondre à l'année de construction 1660. Toute la partie inférieure du retable n'est qu'un stylobate séparé des parties supérieures par un bandeau mouluré. Il est interrompu par un fronton en plein cintre au milieu, sous lequel devait se trouver le tabernacle. Ce dernier a été remplacé lors de l'installation de l'ancien maître-autel, qui s'y trouve toujours.

Extérieur

Comme le soulignent Maryse Bideault et Claudine Lautier, l'extérieur de l'église est très homogène, et les parties romanes ne se distinguent donc guère des parties gothiques. Il est vrai que guère plus de cinquante ans s'écoulent entre l'achèvement du transept et le début du chantier de la nef actuelle. Tout l'édifice est bâti en pierres locales issues d'une même carrière, et des pierres de taille ont été employées pour le chœur, le transept et la nef, seuls les bas-côtés et les chapelles orientées étant bâtis en moellons. Les contreforts peu saillants des murs hauts de la nef et des murs gouttereaux des croisillons ainsi que du chœur se ressemblent étrangement : ils présentent un court glacis à hauteur des fenêtres puis se terminent comme contreforts plats et butent contre la corniche, sans glacis final. Les contreforts des croisillons et du chœur sont plus forts dans leur partie inférieure et sont ceints par un bandeau mouluré les reliant aux murs, ce qui est une disposition rare. Un autre bandeau mouluré du même profil torique court tout autour des parties orientales près des fondations. Les contreforts des murs gouttereaux des bas-côtés sont étroits sur toute leur hauteur, mais sont scandés par deux glacis formant larmier. Une autre ressemblance concerne les corniches, qui sont de modillons sculptés de masques ou de motifs géométriques, tant sur le croisillon nord, les chapelles et le chœur, que sur la nef et les bas-côtés, ce qui a suscité l'hypothèse que des modillons de l'ancienne nef romane aurait été réemployés sur la nef. Les modillons qui restent encore bien visibles sont des produits des restaurations, et sur les chapelles, presque toutes les modillons ont disparu. Le croisillon sud possède par ailleurs une corniche beauvaisine qui n'est pas rare en Vexin, et non la corniche de modillons. Cette corniche est encore très saillante, ce qui indique en principe une construction au cours des années 1130 ou 1140. Reste à rappeler le caractère presque roman des fenêtres de la nef et des bas-côtés. Elles ont dû toutes être en arc brisé comme les dernières fenêtres hautes qui demeurent authentiques, mais l'emploi de l'arc brisé est déjà systématique dans les parties romanes de l'église, hormis les passages entre les bas-côtés et les croisillons. Or, l'ébrasement extérieur des fenêtres romanes véritables est encore plus élaboré, comme l'on peut le constater sur le mur oriental du croisillon nord.

La façade occidentale est très étroite ce qui empêche une véritable composition, mais elle a toutefois été soignée. Entre la tourelle d'escalier carré qui ne devient octogonale qu'à son dernier niveau et le contrefort à droite du mur occidental de la nef, l'espace est juste suffisant pour une rosace de  de diamètre en hauteur et le portail occidental au rez-de-chaussée. Les deux sont profondément enfoncés et entourés de moulures toriques, et la frise de feuilles d'acanthe qui entoure la fenêtre à huit festons de la rosace se retrouve également au-dessus de l'archivolte supérieure du portail. Une rosace similaire, sans remplage, se trouve également sur le transept de l'église Saint-Martin de Laon. Le portail est assez singulier. Deux paires de colonnettes à chapiteaux de crochets soutiennent des archivoltes composées chacune de deux tores. Une troisième paire de colonnettes prend un peu de recul par rapport aux autres et flanque la porte, qui est assez étroite. Les chapiteaux de ces dernières colonnettes sont plus petits et soutiennent un simple rang de claveaux non décorés. Leurs tailloirs supportent un mince linteau qui supporte les quatre pierres de taille qui forment le tympan nu. Horizontalement la façade est structurée par trois bandeaux plats, dont les deux en haut et en bas de la rosace reposent sur une frise de feuilles d'acanthe qui se retrouve également au sommet de la tourelle d'escalier. Pour Maryse Bideault, Claudine Lautier et Monique Rivoire, il ne fait pas de doute que la façade ait été élevée d'un seul jet. Le début de contrefort roman qui est engagé dans le mur de la tourelle d'escalier pourrait provenir de la nef précédente et indique sans doute que la tourelle est un peu postérieure à la nef (même si sa frise se retrouve de façon strictement identique en haut du mur occidental). En tout cas il ne prouve pas que la façade remonte au milieu du . Elle peut être comparée à celle de l'église Notre-Dame-de-l'Assomption d'Auvers-sur-Oise qui elle aussi date du début du . Plus que les élévations latérales, la comparaison entre le portail occidental et le portail bouchée à l'ouest du croisillon sud met en exergue la période d'une soixantaine d'années qui sépare la construction des parties orientales et de la nef. Le portail roman est en plein cintre, forme quasiment absente de l'intérieur de l'église. L'archivolte torique est décoré d'un cordon de fleurs de violettes et repose sur deux colonnettes à chapiteaux, dont celui de gauche est neuf et celui de droite illisible. Les piédroits de la porte prennent beaucoup de recul par rapport aux colonnettes et supportent le linteau avec le tympan, qui présente une décoration de trois rangs de bâtons brisés. La porte flamboyante du bas-côté sud est en anse de panier. Elle est sommée par une accolade garni de crochets, et encadrée par de petits contreforts qui donnent naissance à de fins pinacles en bas-relief, agrémentés des mêmes crochets. Le trumeau entre les deux baies entièrement refaites comporte une niche à statue vide. À droite du portail, un fruit dans le mur et un petit oculus proviennent de l'enfeu.

Clocher

Le clocher particulièrement gracieux remonte aux origines de l'église et se compose de deux étages ajourés de deux baies abat-son plein cintre par niveau et par face, ainsi que d'une flèche octogonale en pierre assortie de quatre cônes aux extrémités. À l'intérieur, le passage du plan carré vers le plan octogonal s'opère par des trompes. À l'extérieur, les angles du clocher sont occupés par des colonnes enserrées entre les contreforts, et jusqu'au premier étage, ces derniers prennent eux-mêmes la forme de colonnes. Des corniches de modillons terminent les deux étages, et à la hauteur de la corniche entre le premier et le second étage, des cordons de fleurs de violettes marquent la fin des colonnes d'angle du premier étage. Les baies plein cintre assez étroites sont précédées par des archivoltes beaucoup plus généreuses, dont les colonnes sont garnies de chapiteaux décorés essentiellement de volutes d'angle, mais parfois de motifs géométriques comme des chevrons superposés, et sur les faces des gros chapiteaux des colonnes communes aux deux archivoltes du premier étage, l'on aperçoit des masques. Au niveau du second étage, les deux archivoltes ne se partagent pas une colonne commune au centre, mais reposent chacune sur deux colonnettes dédiées ; par contre, les baies proprement dites ne sont plus cantonnées de colonnettes comme c'est le cas au premier étage. Le décor est complété par des cordons de pointes-de-diamant au-dessus des archivoltes, et une frise de dents de scie sur les claveaux des archivolts du second étage. La flèche est couverte des mêmes dents de scie, et leur dessin est curieusement très irrégulier. Les faces de la pyramide ne sont pas ajourées par des oculi, et séparées par des arêtes sous la forme de tores. Un fleuron couronne le sommet. Dans son ensemble, le clocher ressemble le plus à celui des églises Saint-Christophe de Cergy et Saint-Aubin d'Ennery.

Mobilier

L'orgue à cylindre est construit au commencement du  siècle, en tout cas avant 1819, par François-Goëry Dumont facteur d'orgues et de serinettes à Mirecourt. La tuyauterie de métal d'origine a totalement disparu. L'instrument a été complété par seize cylindres permettant un actionnement automatique. Sa collection de cylindres est parmi les plus variées connues en France. Seule la partie instrumentale de l'orgue a été classée au titre des objets en 2002. L'orgue se trouve actuellement sur la tribune.

Six autres éléments du mobilier ont également été classés au titre des objets :

 La clôture en bois taillé du  de la chapelle attenante au croisillon sud du transept servant de sacristie. Elle a toutefois été enlevée.
 Une statue polychrome en pierre de la Vierge à l'Enfant, haute de  et datant du . Elle se trouve sur le mur occidental du croisillon sud.
 Une statue polychrome en pierre de saint Pierre en costume pontifical, datant du . Cette statue trône au sommet du retable devant la grande baie du chevet.
 Le monument funéraire du curé Henri Tibert, en pierre et de petites dimensions, datant de 1624. Il se trouve sur la pile sud-ouest du clocher, orientée vers la nef.
 Le monument funéraire du curé René de La Brière, sous la forme d'une petite dalle d'ardoise gravée, datant de 1662. Il se trouve sur la pile nord-ouest du clocher, orientée vers la nef.
 La dalle funéraire d'un chevalier et de sa femme à effigies gravées, mais pratiquement effacées, datant du  et conservée en mauvais état. Elle a été redressée contre le mur occidental du bas-côté sud.

Annexes

Bibliographie

Articles connexes
 Liste des monuments historiques du Val-d'Oise
 Santeuil

Liens externes

 Site de la paroisse

Notes et références

Santeuil
Santeuil
Monument historique dans le Val-d'Oise
Monument historique classé en 1894
Église romane dans le Val-d'Oise
Pierre-Saint-Paul Santeuil


text:
Indranee Elizabeth Nadisen is a Singaporean social work volunteer on child protection, and served as a foster mother to abandoned, abused and neglected children under the Fostering Scheme by the Ministry of Community Development, Youth and Sports (MCYS). She is also the longest serving foster mother of the program, and also holds the national record of having looked after 43 children in her 32 years' as a foster mother. Nadisen is recognised as the role model and the icon of the Fostering Scheme.

Nadisen was born of Chinese ethnicity, and adopted by an Indian family when she was a baby. She volunteered herself with the Fostering Scheme and began fostering children in 1976, when her own children - five boys and a girl - started going to school and she started feeling bored at home. Her love for children was strong and she cared of the children, as if they were her own, for an average period of 2 years till they return to their own biological parents or to their adoptive parents. She also showered her love equally to her children and the adopted ones.
However this strong love that she felt for them, also made it emotionally difficult for her to part with them. She confessed she had to lie to the child by saying she had to go to the toilet so that the child would let go of her, to let the child leave with their adoptive parents. 'From the toilet, I would hear the child screaming for me and my heart would hurt,' she said. As a result, she preferred not to contact them after they left her care.

In 2001 Nadisen was awarded the Friend of MCDS award and in 2003, the Reader's Digest Inspiring Asians Award. In July 2008, Nadisen reluctantly announced her retirement from the Fostering Scheme citing health reasons.

In 2014, Nadisen was inducted into Singapore Women's Hall of Fame.

References

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Singaporean Hindus
Singaporean people of Chinese descent
Singaporean social workers

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


The statistics provided in this section of our website have been diligently prepared with the greatest of care by Renee Repka (604.472.9666 ren9666@shaw.ca) commencing in 2008 (prior years by Lisa Stasiuk 2005-2007) and Bob Gibsom (1988-2004). But hey, no matter how hard we try, we just aren't perfect! So . . .
If you notice a mistake, or think our calculations are in error, please send us an email and let us know. We'll either make the changes right away, or we'll let you know why we didn't. Also, for some of the early history, the name of the owner was not available in many cases. If you happen to have owned one of the dogs, just let us know and we will gladly insert that information.
All-Breeding Ranking is calculated according to a dog's performance in Breed, Group and Best In Show competition, with one point being awarded for each dog defeated. Note that only BOB winners are awarded points. WD/WB/BOW may be awarded championship points but "Top Poms" points are awarded only to BOB win, Group wins and BIS wins. In other words, if your dog did not win at least one BB, then it will not show up in the stats even it it won enough points to finish its championship. Also, no points are awarded for puppy wins (e.g., PB, PG, BPIS).
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The Airbus A400M military transport plane carried out its first flight on December 2009 in Sevilla (Spain). This paper presents the flight and ground architecture designed to perform the flights tests campaign in Spain and in France. The core of the onboard flight test instrumentation is based on distributed network architecture already developed for A380 program. Airbus adapted civilian tests equipment for the A400M military program and various specific items have been designed specifically for this program. Two interconnected flight tests centres located in Sevilla (Spain) and Toulouse (France) are used for the flight tests campaign to ensure interoperability during the tests.
The RCC IRIG Chapter 10 standard requires that Chapter 10 recorders use the STANAG- 4575 (NATO Advanced Data Storage Interface) file system to store data files. The STANAG-4575 standard defines a linear file system in which each file is stored in a single contiguous block of disk space. There is a small directory listing at the beginning of the disk. This listing stores the starting position and length for each file. It also stores the file's name and its creation date and time. This file system is very efficient for storing files that are recorded sequentially because it does not require the disk to constantly update a file allocation table on each write. Unfortunately, the STANAG-4575 file system is not directly supported by Microsoft Windows. This means that it is not possible to simply attach a recorder's disk to a PC and copy the files directly using Windows Explorer. This paper will discuss an approach that allows the contents of a STANAG formatted disk to be read from a standard Windows PC. In addition to copying files from the disk, this approach allows several other useful operations to be performed on the disk. These operations include advanced copy options such as partial file copies and splitting files into multiple pieces. It can also provide a mechanism for deleting files, reformatting the disk and performing a sanitization procedure on a disk to declassify it.
RF Communication (COMMS) systems where receivers and transmitters are in motion must be proven rigorously over an array of natural RF link perturbations such as Carrier Doppler shift, Signal Doppler shift, delay, path loss and noise. These perturbations play significant roles in COMMS systems involving satellites, aircraft, UAVs, missiles, targets and ground stations. In these applications, COMMS system devices must also be tested against increasingly sophisticated intentional and unintentional interference, which must result in negligible impact on quality of service. Field testing and use of traditional test and measurement equipment will need to be substantially augmented with physics-compliant channel emulation equipment that broadens the scope, depth and coverage of such tests, while decreasing R&D and test costs and driving in quality. This paper describes dynamic link emulation driven by advanced antenna and motion modeling, detailed propagation models and link budget methods for realistic, nominal and worst-case hardware-in-the-loop test and verification.
Flight and weapons test ranges typically include multiple Telemetry Sites (TM Sites) that receive telemetry from platforms being flown on the range. Received telemetry is processed and forwarded by them to a Range Control Center (RCC) which is responsible for flight safety, and for delivering captured best source telemetry to those responsible for the platform being flown. When range equipment or operations are impaired in their ability to receive telemetry or process it correctly, expensive and/or one-of-a-kind platforms may have to be destroyed in flight to maintain safety margins, resulting in substantial monetary loss, valuable data loss, schedule disruption and potential safety concerns. Less severe telemetry disruptions can also result in missing or garbled telemetry data, negatively impacting platform test, analysis and design modification cycles. This paper provides a high level overview of a physics-compliant Range Test System (RTS) built upon Radio Frequency (RF) Channel Simulator technology. The system is useful in verifying range operation with most range equipment configured to function as in an actual mission. The system generates RF signals with appropriate RF link effects associated with range and range rate between the flight platform and multiple telemetry tracking stations. It also emulates flight and RF characteristics of the platform, to include signal parameters, antenna modeling, body shielding and accurate flight parameters. The system is useful for hardware, software, firmware and process testing, regression testing, and fault detection test, as well as range customer assurance, and range personnel training against nominal and worst-case conditions.
This paper discusses channel simulation using OPNET Modeler in support of iNET. It shows how wireless communication is simulated, how to simulate the special aeronautical channel of iNET, and how to deliver the aeronautical channel, test article, and ground station as reusable components for future simulation. Network simulation is a critical tool for iNET and it enables design decisions that cannot be made analytically due to the complexity of the problem. This work addresses the incorporation of the aeronautical channel into the OPNET Modeler tool set as this piece of iNET is unique and is not available in OPNET Modeler.
Emerging networked telemetry systems require domain-specific routing protocols, such as AeroRP, to cope with the challenges faced by the aeronautical environment. We present an ns-3 based performance analysis of the geolocation-based forwarding and store-and-haul mechanisms used by AeroRP. The analysis of the simulations shows AeroRP has several advantages over other MANET routing protocols and offers tradeoffs for different performance metrics in the form of different AeroRP modes.
Modern data acquisition systems can be very time consuming to configure. The most time consuming aspect of configuring a data acquisition system is defining the measurements that the system will collect. Each measurement has to be uniquely identified in the system and the system needs to know what data the measurement will sample. Data acquisition systems are capable of sampling thousands of measurements in a single test flight. If all of the measurements are created by hand, it can take many hours to input all of the required measurements into the data acquisition system's setup software. This process can also be extremely tedious since many measurements are very similar. This paper will examine several possible solutions to the problem of rapidly creating large numbers of data acquisition measurements. If the list of measurements that need to be created already exists in an electronic format then the simplest approach would be to create an importer. The two main ways to import data are XML and comma separated value files. This paper will discuss the advantages and disadvantages of both approaches. In addition to importers, this paper will discuss a system that can be used to create large numbers of similar measurements very quickly. This system is ideally suited to MILSTD- 1553 and ARINC-429 bus data. It exploits the fact that most bus measurements are typically very similar to each other. For example, 1553 measurements typically differ only in terms of the command word and the selected data words. This system allows the user to specify ranges of data words for each command word. It can then create the measurements based on the user specified ranges.
This work explores aeronautical telemetry communication performance with the SOQPSK- TG ARTM waveforms when frequency-selective multipath corrupts received information symbols. A multi-antenna equalization scheme is presented where each antenna's unique multipath channel is equalized using a pilot-aided optimal linear minimum mean-square error filter. Following independent channel equalization, a maximal ratio combining technique is used to generate a single receiver output for detection. This multi-antenna equalization process is shown to improve detection performance over maximal ratio combining alone.
We consider the use of Reed-Solomon (RS) and q-ary LDPC codes for compressed sensing of sparse signals. Signals sensed using the RS parity-check matrix are recovered using Berlekamp-Massey and those sensed using the LDPC parity-check matrix are recovered using majority-logic decoding. Results are presented for both types of sensing. In addition, a hardware architecture is discussed.
This paper presents a technique for embedding a digital data stream within a digital video stream using wavelet and nonlinear subband decompositions. This technique may enable more efficient use of radio frequency (RF) spectrum and a reduction in hardware necessary to transmit one or more narrowband data streams on a payload that incorporates a digital video camera. Several data embedding examples are presented which show how relatively large payloads can be embedded in even a single image with little noticeable degradation in image quality.
Decoding and Turbo Equalization (TEQ) algorithms based on the Sum-Product Algorithm (SPA) are well established for LDPC codes. However there is increasing interest in linear and nonlinear programming (NLP)-based decoders which may offer computational and performance advantages over the SPA. We present NLP decoders and Turbo equalizers based on an Augmented Lagrangian formulation of the decoding problem. The decoders update estimates of both the Lagrange multipliers and transmitted codeword while solving an approximate quadratic programming problem. Simulation results show that the NLP decoder performance is intermediate between the SPA and bit-flipping algorithms. The NLP may thus be attractive in some applications as it eliminates the tanh/atanh computations in the SPA.
The integrated Network-Enhanced Telemetry (iNET) project has developed standards to enhance telemetry systems for the twenty-first century. A foundational component of these standards is the Metadata Description Language (MDL). MDL is an eXtensible Markup Language (XML)-based language for describing requirements, design choices, and configuration parameters of a Telemetry Network System (TmNS). Within a TmNS, MDL guides the exchange of information between applications and the configuration of network devices. Recent initial evaluations assessed MDL in terms of the expressive power of the language and the level of effort in developing applications that utilize MDL Instance Documents. Performing these initial evaluations required the generation of MDL Instance Documents to describe scenarios representative of both near-term and future telemetry systems that express different levels of iNET interoperability. These initial evaluations determined quantitative metrics such as file size, memory requirements, and required parsing time for MDL Instance Documents, and further evaluations judged the efficacy and complexity of MDL for describing and configuring a TmNS.
Accurate mobility models are needed to simulate the physical movement of nodes in a highly-dynamic aeronautical network. The fundamental problem with many synthetic mobility models is their random, memoryless behavior. Airborne ad hoc networks require a flexible memory-based 3-dimensional mobility model. We present a new 3-dimensional implementation of the Gauss-Markov mobility model for airborne telemetry network simulations, and compare its behavior to memoryless models such as random waypoint and random walk using the ns-3 simulator.
One of the most important characteristics of an aircraft is its capability to return to its stable trimmed flight state after the occurrence of a disturbance or gust without the pilot intervention. The evaluation of such behavior, known as the aircraft stability, is divided into three sections: Lateral; Directional; and Longitudinal stabilities. The determination of the stability of an experimental aircraft requires the execution of a Flight Test Campaign (FTC). For the stability FTC the test bed should be equipped with a complete Flight Test Instrumentation (FTI) System which is typically composed by: a Pulse Code Modulation (PCM) Data Acquisition System (DAS); A sensor set; An airborne transmitter; and A data recorder. In the real-time operations, live data received over the Telemetry Link, that are processed, distributed and displayed at the Ground Telemetry System (GTS) enhances the FTC safety level and efficiency. The due to the lack of reliability, recorded data is retrieved in the post mission operations to allow the execution of data reduction analysis. This process is time consuming because recorded data has to be downloaded, converted to Engineering Units (EU), sliced, filtered and processed. The reason for the usage of this less efficient process relies in the fact that the real-time Telemetry data is less reliable as compared to recorded data (i.e. noisier). The upcoming iNET technology could provide a very reliable Telemetry Link. Therefore the data reduction analysis can be executed with live telemetry data in quasi-real time after the receipt of all valid tests points. In this sense the Brazilian Flight Test Group (GEEV) along with EMBRAER and with the support of Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos (FINEP) started the development of several applications. This paper presents the design of a tool used in the Longitudinal Static Stability Flight Tests Campaign. The application receives the Telemetry data over either a TCP/IP or a SCRAMnet Network, performs data analysis and test point validation in real time and when all points are gathered it performs the data reduction analysis and automatically creates Hyper Terminal Markup Language (HTML) formatted tests reports. The tool evaluation was executed with the instruction flights for the 2009 Brazilian Flight Test School (CEV). The result shows an efficiency gain for the overall FTC.
The development and analysis cloud is a rapid development system being designed to support the Air Force Research Lab (AFRL) Simulation & Technology Assessment Branch. The purpose is to isolate research, development, test, and evaluation of unique software within a Zone D enclave  to allow researchers and analysts to develop and test software free of the many IT requirements that hamper development and without risk of contaminating the overall Air Force network. The cloud system is being designed so researchers and analysts will utilize Software as a Service (SaaS) models. Such a model makes it transparent to users such things as where the software originates and any licensing concerns. Utilities, tools, and other enhancing software that users need are published and using them frees the developer to focus on their specific development efforts versus tertiary development modules.
Dual-polarized data transmission promises to double the system capacity by transmitting independent signals simultaneously on both polarizations in the same channel. However, the polarization orthogonality of the propagation field can not always be perfectly preserved in various environments. Also the antenna and waveguide networks may not be able to achieve absolute polarization isolation. Therefore cross-polarization interference becomes a severe source of performance degradation in dual-polar systems. This paper presents an all-digital design of the cross-polarization interference canceller (XPIC or CPIC). This canceller is designed to remove the cross-polar interference so that comparable performance to single-polar system can be achieved for each polarization. Specifically, this digital design aims for • Mitigating the cross-polarization interference caused primarily by antenna orientation. (Delay between the signals from both polarizations is considered insignificant.) • Can operate with time varying cross-polar interference varying at rates of 2-3 Hz and beyond. • Initial isolation can be as low as 10 dB. • Is well suited to an all digital modem where clocking from the A/D is independent of symbol timing recovery clocks.
Direct spatial antenna modulation (DSAM) is a new approach to phased array control that opens up new "smart antenna" architecture possibilities. The DSAM technique leverages the inherent spatial differences of excitation in an antenna in a novel way to achieve the equivalent of conventional modulation and beam control effects. Smart antenna techniques are of potentially increasing importance to test range operations given a trend toward more flexible, internetworked, and autonomous test activities. The DSAM technique has been demonstrated through several generations of analysis, simulation, and prototyping, but has previously only been applied to narrowband antenna designs. Furthermore, the IQ DSAM approach in particular has not been previously implemented in hardware. This paper details the application of IQ DSAM to achieve wideband phase control using a commercial off the shelf (COTS) antenna. The phase control performance of IQ DSAM over a range of 1.5 GHz to 4 GHz is measured across relative field control angles of +/- 45 degrees. The measured IQ DSAM performance is compared to what could be expected from a conventional phased array element control architecture.
There is growing concern that the U.S. military can no longer meet its domestic and international spectrum needs. Demand for this resource is growing at an exponential pace, both within the Department of Defense (DoD) and in the commercial sector (partly due to rapid growth in broadband wireless electronics). A microcosm of these challenges is evident in flight test operations, where there is a growing need for advanced spectrum assignment, frequency deconfliction, and scheduling optimization decision support capabilities. This paper describes research aimed at investigating how to optimize frequency scheduling, dynamic assignment, and real-time metrics adjustment to promote assured access to the electronic spectrum, including emerging technology developments to support that need.


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This deep, rich satin powder is drenched in the romance and reservation of plum. Mingled with the lavish fullness of wine, plum lined or washed onto lids makes a sophisticated complement to medium to dark coloring. You might even try a fun slurp of plum with washes of all the roses for dip-dyed satin lids!


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50,000 words
Jenny Glasscock, Feature Editor
National Novel Writing Month Writing, abbreviated as NaNoWriMo, is a month long writing challenge that thousands of people all across the globe participate in annually during the month of November. The goal is to write a 50,000 word novel in 30 days. Whoever completes this goal is considered a winner.
Zacharay Klima, a senior at Joliet west, participated in NaNoWriMo for the first time this last November. Although he started six days late, he was still able to finish his 50,000 word novel by the end of November.
Writing a novel is rewarding and fun, but it's also stressful and time consuming. Like anything else, if a writer wants to be successful they must push themself to write even through the times when they lack motivation.
"I would sometimes be up until 2 o'clock at night just to force myself to put something down on the page. I looked at my book like a person. It started as a small child which I treasured and pushed along, then it became a teenager that I despised. When it became an adult, it basically wrote for itself," Klima revealed.
Writers who have instances when they're staring at their screen thinking that they hate what they've written so far won't let that discourage them from finishing their book. The point of NaNoWriMo is to get a first draft of a book written, revising the novel comes next. That's where the polishing happens, and anything that they were tentative about can be fixed.
Even if you're busy with school, you can still participate in NaNoWriMo by eliminating distractions.
"I used a program called Freedom that allowed me to shut down all internet access on my computer which allowed me to focus more on what I had to do concerning schoolwork and even my writing sometimes," Klima said. "It took a little time in the beginning but later I found it got a lot easier."
National Novel Writing Month is over for this year, but that doesn't mean you can't challenge yourself to write a novel during another month.
"To anyone out there who wishes they can do this, just do it because even if you don't finish, you'll be proud of yourself for even attempting this," Klima ended.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Groß Glienicker See () is a lake in the states of Brandenburg and Berlin, Germany. At an elevation of 31.6 m, its surface area is 0.66 km². The border between the city of Potsdam and the city of Berlin runs in a north–south direction through the center of the lake, with the Potsdam locality of Groß Glienicke on the left shore and the Berlin locality of Kladow on the right shore.

Geology
Together with the Sacrower See to the south and the Heiliger See in Potsdam, Glienicker See forms a chain of glacial lakes. It lacks a surface outlet and is almost entirely fed by groundwater.

The lake during the Cold War

The border between West Berlin and East Germany in the center of the lake was marked by buoys. The Berlin Wall on the west and south shores prevented access to or even a sight of the shore by East Germans. For those in West Berlin the lake was a popular place for swimming. One could swim (or in the winter walk over the ice) up to the buoys.

Alexander Haus
Alexander house stands on the north-western side of the lake. The home was constructed in 1927 by Dr. Alfred Alexander on land leased from Otto von Wollank, with the intention of building a weekend house. The home was photographed by Lotte Jacobi the following year. On the advent of World War II the family fled Nazi Germany in 1936 to England. From 1937-1952, the home was occupied by composter Will Meisel and actress Eliza Illiard. The first member of the Alexander family to return to the home was Dr. Afred's son, Hanns Alexander in 1946. Hanns was notable was capturing Rudolf Höss. From 1952-2003, the Kühne and Fuhrmann families resided in the home. The house then fell into disrepair from 2003 onwards, until 2013 when writer Thomas Harding discovered the home, due to his family links to the Alexander family. The home was restored and given monument status in 2014. Thomas wrote The House by the Lake detailing the history of the home.

References

External links

Lakes of Berlin
Lakes of Brandenburg
Geography of Potsdam
Spandau


Reflect on your own childhood. Did you think of yourself as a critical or constructive kind of person? Did you use words to get even, express anger, or put down others in a spiteful or arrogant way? How did your parents respond? Did it help curb your bad attitude?
How about now? Judgmental attitudes are learned.Your kid forms much of his attitude from absorbing and mimicking others.Tune into the kinds of language used in your family. Are the interactions on the whole more positive or negative? Would your family assess your household atmosphere as warm, accepting, and positive or more critical and negative? Take an honest look at family members to make sure that isn't the source.What about his friends? Neighbors? Cousins? TV? Peers? Music? Coach?
Now make a serious appraisal of your attitude and what you might be modeling to your kid. For instance, do others think of you as more affirmative or more critical? Are you moody? Occasionally cranky or hostile? Do you tend to see the good or the bad things in people? How often do you verbalize those critical messages to your kids? On the whole, do you say more positive or negative comments? What about how you interact with your kids on a day-to-day basis? Do you typically dish out more criticism or praise? Would your kids agree with your estimation?
It's time to make a commitment to replace your kid's negativity, and the starting place is by changing your own behavior.What is the first step you need to take in yourself to be a better example to your sons or daughters in dealing with their negative behavior? Write down changes you need to make.


New. One Flasher for LED Turnsignals needing a 2-Prong. 9005.
Plug the flasher into the fuse panel. If the turn signal does not work after installation, use the provided accessory wires to correct the reverse polarity of the fuse panel. Plug the wires into the flasher and then plug the other end of the wires into the fuse panel, but into the opposite receptacle as would be normal. Use the provided double sided tape to attach the flasher.


text:
Round 2: Dancing with the Stars, the Emmys, and More
Your road map to this week's entertainment-themed podcast:
00:34 Dancing with the Stars: The season kicked off this week with an appealing and promising cast of characters. Fingers crossed that it will continue that way! (Mentioned: the chat on Annie Barrett's blog)
09:20 The Emmy Awards: We'll take more Sterling K. Brown, please, and fewer sketches that cut into his speaking time. (Mentioned: Catherine and Nicole discussing Big Little Lies on a previous Round 2.)
21:15 The West Wing: In this one ("We Killed Yamamoto"), we'll take more Simon/C.J. and less Josh/Amy.
27:49 Challenge Round: Grand Designs: Catherine challenged Terri to watch this British take on the home makeover, and she enjoyed it very much (but has some furnishing questions, if anyone's listening). For next time, Terri challenged Catherine to an episode of NCIS (season 6, episode 4, "Heartland") so we can get our Mark Harmon fix.
That's because we won't be watching a new episode of The West Wing; we'll stick with the West Wing Weekly podcast special episode instead. Plus, Dancing with the Stars is on both Monday and Tuesday next week, so we'll come back to you on Wednesday with Round 2 coverage.
UPDATE: Silly us! Turns out the West Wing Weekly special episode is the episode for the last episode of season 3, "Posse Comitatus." So we'll be watching that episode too, and getting a double dose of Mark Harmon. Which is just fine with us.


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steven-greener
Steven Greener
Music Executive (1967)
By Selena
Profession Music Executive
Birth Country United States
Horoscope Cancer
Spouse Tamron Hall
No Of Children One son (Moses)
Relationship Timeline Of Steven Greener
Wife : Tamron Hall
Steven Greener Married To Tamron Hall In 2019
Steven Greener is best known as the husband of American broadcast journalist and television talk show host, Tamron Hall. By profession, Steven is a music executive at Primary Wave who works as a partner. Some of his contributions to output include Guess Who, The Bernie Mac Show, and Soul Men.
Steven Greener was born on June 28, 1967, in the United States of America. He holds American citizenship and is of white ethnicity. As of 2020, his age is 52.
Wife: Tamron Hall
A music executive, Steven Greener started dating his future wife Tamron after her Today show exit in February 2017. After dating for several years, they exchanged wedding vows privately in 2019. But there are no other details about their ceremony to the media.
Snap: Steven Greener holding his wife, Tamron Hall's hand in New York City on July 31, 2017
Source: Good housekeeping
The Texan reporter explained why she loves to keep their marriage private:
"I always thought, 'One day I'll get married, and I don't want my husband to have to look at old episodes of me gushing over the last guy.' So I've always been very cautious. I think today, people mistake privacy for secrecy. People say he's my ', secret husband.' But we were going everywhere together; it was just a private thing I needed to protect. With Steven, it is great to have this guy who is rooting me on, and he was the first person I've ever dated when I haven't been on television
Steven's wife said that Greener was her first and only boyfriend who did not have to turn on the TV to see her, and she thinks that's been important. Also, the 49-year-old broadcast journalist told she and Steven made a promise to each other to "never turn on each other" and "always be on each other's side in goodhousekeeping.
Father of one Son
Aged 52, Steven Greener and his wife Tamron became parents when they welcomed their firstborn child or son named Moses on April 24, 2019. The baby weighed 6lbs., 4 oz during the birth time.
The former Today show host said Moses was born in a multicultural home. It means he took part in a traditional Jewish circumcision ritual and will be christened. Father of one son Steven claimed that he's constantly amazed by how lucky he is.
Picture: Steven Greener's wife Tamron Hall and a son Moses
Source: Instagram @tamronhall
Tamron is one of the most authentic, loving, honest, caring people I've ever known. My favorite part of marriage and fatherhood so far is realizing every day I am exactly where I was always meant to be with my family. I am at home, Greener added.
How much net worth Steven Greener holds?
Working in the entertainment industry, Steven Greener earns a good amount of money within himself. Steven's precise amount of net worth is not disclosed anywhere but it could be a thousand dollars. As a music executive, he handles the management of music talent from celebrities such as Cee Lo Green, Fantasia Barrino, Melissa Etheridge, Brandy, Cypress Hill, Bernie Mac, etc.
Image: Tamron Hall at a show, Tamron Hall Show
On the other hand, his wife Tamron Hall holds an estimated $6 Million net worth as of early 2020. She made this bulky amount from her job as a national correspondent and news anchor. Aged 49, Hall is now a national correspondent for NBC News and Today Show at NBC. She is also MSNBC's day-side anchor and is also NewsNation's correspondent with Tamron Hall.
Marriedceleb For More Authentic Biography
Celebrity Husband Producer Celebrity Marriage


Rails 4.1.0 might carry a minor version bump, but there's nothing minor about the bag of goodies it carries. It simply means that upgrading from 4.0.x should be a relatively mild affair as most of the changes are additions or improvements, not backwards-incompatible changes. Let's go over some of those new goodies.
Spring is our new application preloader. It makes running tests, rake, and generators much faster on large applications. You could think of what we had before as the CGI-mode of the command-line. Every time you ran rake, your entire application would be loaded from scratch, only to be thrown out as soon as the command finished. With Spring, your application is a persistent process that can be reused across commands, so only the first run is slow. And we automatically detect code changes, and reload just those parts. It makes a big difference!
Variants allows you to have different templates and action responses for the same mime type (say, HTML). This is a magic bullet for any Rails app that's serving mobile clients. You can now have individual templates for the desktop, tablet, and phone views while sharing all the same controller logic. This is the secret sauce behind Basecamp's hybrid native/HTML strategy for mobile apps: One Rails app serving desktop browsers, mobile browsers, native mobile apps. The reuse benefits are immense and the productivity boost staggering. Really.
Enums wraps the pattern of having a status field constrained to just a few options. It's just enough syntactic sugar to make tinyint-backed status fields taste delicious while still reaping the optimization benefit of avoiding repeated status strings. Poor man's state machine? Nah, Just Enough for Most of the Time.
Mailer previews make it dead simple to visually iterate over your Action Mailer views with test data, so you can get the same work flow as you have for any other view in your app. Make a change, reload to see it. Easy as pie. And certainly a lot better than either starting with static files that then have to be converted to mailer templates, or trying to copy'n'paste the HTML out of the log files to view them in a browser (come on, you've been there!).
Finally, we've committed to moving production passwords out of your application repository with two changes. The first is secrets.yml, which gives you one place and one convenient interface to access secrets that have been set either via ENV variables or deployment scripts. By default it's used for the secret token guarding cookie integrity, but you can use it for whatever else you need in your app. Second is that we've added support for database URLs in database.yml, and that we by default will be referring to ENV-backed URLs in the generated files. Hurray security!
Now that's just a quick look in the goodie bag. If you want the play-by-play, you can have a look through the 5,200 commits we've done between 4-0-stable and v4.1.0. That's right, five thousand. Witness the firepower of this armed and fully operational community!
You can also digest the changes, and see some real code, by diving into Yves' and Godfrey's splendid work on the release notes for 4.1 as a guide and the feature walk-through.
The gems are now on RubyGems, so gem install rails will get you the latest. Or you can use the v4.1.0 tag.
Enjoy and we hope to see you at RailsConf in two weeks!


text:
King Jeremy the Wicked ruled his world...
Random thoughts: Tina Brown has a nice piece in the Times about the difference between George Bush and Tony Blair... why do even things shot for 4:3 sometimes look better in 16:9?... Train's "Drops of Jupiter" may be catchy as hell, but the lyrics are nonsense - asking the woman to think of "the best soy latte [she's] ever had"? Such new-age mumbo-jumbo.... just caught the great Weezer "Keep Fishin'" video, with the Muppets, and it got me to thinking: my favourite-ever videos: A-ha "Take On Me", Blur "Coffee and TV", Blind Melon "No Rain", Smashing Pumpkins "1979", Nirvana "Smells Like Teen Spirit", Prodigy "Smack My Bitch Up", REM "Everybody Hurts", Bjork "All is Full of Love", Chris Isaak "Baby Did a Bad Thing", Eels "Novocaine for the Soul", Fiona Apple "Criminal", Fatboy Slim "The Rockafeller Skank", Fatboy Slim "Weapon of Choice", REM "Imitation of Life", Weezer "Buddy Holly", Beck "Loser", Zero 7 "Destiny", Jamiroquai "Virtual Insanity", Kylie Minogue and Nick Cave "Where the Wild Roses Grow", Chris Isaak "Wicked Game", Nirvana "In Bloom", Pearl Jam "Jeremy"... that was going to be a top 10 list before it took on a life of its own... best concert I've ever been to? No contest - Pearl Jam in Singapore, the Vitalogy tour...
Another day... just breathe This whole SARS thi...
You're not bigger than this, not better, why can't...
Pleasure at the Fairground Good Lord. Mick Huck...
Happy together Farewell, Leslie Cheung. You alw...
A la recherche du vinyl perdu
Even Jesus Hates Creed
I am in blood / Stepp'd in so far that, should I w...
How come you taste so good?


text:
`backButtonId (string)`

---
## bottomTabsHeight

`bottomTabsHeight (number)`

---
## statusBarHeight

`statusBarHeight (number)`

---
## topBarHeight

`topBarHeight (number)`

---

## get

`get(): Promise<any>`

[source](https://github.com/wix/react-native-navigation/blob/v2/lib/src/adapters/Constants.ts#L4)

---

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Meat pies are a classic Australian icon, and with a flaky pastry exterior giving way to a beefy filling with rich gravy, it won't take long before the rest of the world loves them too.
They're Aussie as, mate. The meat pie is the ubiquitous snack of the only country in the world that has a whole continent to itself. There's a pie warmer brimming with these tasty treats (and maybe a sausage roll or two) at every convenience store, and essentially they are the Aussie equivalent of a hot dog – not in shape or flavor, but by being a functional hand-held snack that is most often served at sporting arenas.
A full sized pie (they're usually about 5″ in diameter) is a serious snack commitment. Chances are you probably won't have room for too much more, which I reckon is why they came up with mini pies. Why not have your pie and eat it too, just with smaller sizes! They make a great party appetizer because you can make them in advance and just reheat, and are easy to take along if you've been invited elsewhere. I make mine in a regular muffin tray, but you could probably even scale them down to mini cupcake size.
Traditionally, shortcrust pastry is used for the pie casing, but this can be nearly impossible to find in the states, so it can be substituted with pie crust. The amount of pastry you use will totally depend on the size of the pans - even between different muffin pans there can be a variation. To make 12 regular-muffin sized pies, I used the equivalent of 2 x 9" frozen pie crusts, and one sheet of puff pastry for lids. If you make your own dough from scratch, you can of course substitute it for the frozen versions. Yields 12 mini pies.
Place oil in skillet over medium-high heat. Add onion and cook until soft, then remove. Working in batches (so you don't overcrowd the pan), add the ground beef and cook until nicely browned, seasoning with salt as you go. Return all beef and the onion to the pan.
In a small bowl, mix cornstarch with a small amount of the stock to form a paste. Add stock, ketchup, pepper, barbecue sauce and Worcestershire to the pan. If you're using it, add the vegemite at this stage, too. Add cornflour paste. Stir well to combine. Reduce heat to low and simmer until thickened, 10-15 minutes. Allow to cool.
Preheat oven to 420f. You'll need to pre-cut circles of dough for this step - I used a large Ro-Tel can for the bases, and a biscuit cutter for the lids. In a non stick muffin tray/pan, place a circle of pie crust into each cavity, pressing down gently. Fill with the beef mixture and top with a circle of puff pastry, using a little water on your finger to glue the lid to the pie crust. Brush tops with egg and place in oven for 25-30 minutes until golden brown. Serve with lots of ketchup!


text:
Properti Berita Properti Informasi Terbaru
Goku swears that he would follow Lord Zen wherever he goes. : Mangamefi
In conclusion, the Dragon Ball Chou manga series was published in Japan (Super)
Long after their skirmish with Majin Buu, they fought again.
At the conclusion of the story, Son Goku uproots his family and goes to a far rural location with his wife and children.
Since the existence of malevolent forces is no longer a danger to the world, he is freed from the need to work out on a daily basis.
Goku's health has been steadily declining over the last several days.
On the other hand, all of a sudden, a force that he is not acquainted with suddenly makes its presence known on earth.
The deity of devastation, Beerus, has finally made his way down to earth.
He had a prophetic dream in which he saw the Super Saiyajin God, and as a consequence of this, he became a Super Saiyajin.
He has his sights set on taking on the might of Super Saiyajin God. But who precisely is this terrible god of the Saiyajin?
Akira Toriyama was the one who came up with the story for the manga series, while Toyotarou was the one who drew the pictures.
This television show is known as Dragon Ball Super (in Japanese, Doragon Bru Sp),
Moreover, it is often abbreviated as DBS.
The events of the novel take place over a period of ten years and detail the adventures that Goku and his companions had throughout that time.
The event takes place in the original Dragon Ball manga by Toriyama after Majin Buu has been defeated.
It was first serialized in the June 2015 issue of the monthly shounen manga magazine V Jump, which is published by Shueisha.
At the same time, the English edition of the manga is released by both Viz Media and the Manga Plus service published by Shueisha.
Toei Animation produced 131 episodes of an anime television program total.
The anime was shown in Japan from July 2015 to March 2018 and was based on the manga.
A continuation of the story from the first film, Dragon Ball Super:
After its first release in December 2018, Broly rocketed to the top of the charts to become the year's most successful anime film.
On June 11, 2022, a second film with the title Super Hero was released to the general public for viewing.
The story begins with Goku having defeated Majin Buu and starting a new life as a farmer four years later.
and it seems like he, his family, and his friends are all leading happy lives.
Beerus, the god of destruction, finally emerges from his long slumber after what seems like an eternity.
Beerus, with Whis's assistance, is now looking for a fighter who is referred to as the Super Saiyan God.
His pupil and Angel's aide.
Beerus has made a pact with this adversary that he would wipe out all life on Earth if they are successful in defeating him.
Goku achieves his goal of becoming a Super Saiyan God with the help of his friends.
a battle with Beerus, which he finally loses, but
Beerus is appeased as a result of Goku's deeds, and as a consequence, Earth is spared.
Then, when Whis is instructing Goku and Vegeta, the following occurs:
In an effort to bring Frieza back to life, the last soldier in Frieza's army gathers the Dragon Balls.
After completing his training, Frieza travels to Earth in order to get his retribution.
Golden Frieza has finished undergoing the metamorphosis to become Golden Frieza.
However, Goku and Vegeta, who are both capable of transforming into Super Saiyans Blue, are a threat.
Nevertheless, you should overcome him. Frieza, motivated by vengeance, undertakes an attempt to wipe out all life on the earth.
On the other hand, Whis may perhaps go across time in order to help Goku beat Frieza.
Champa is a god in Universe Six. He is the brother of Beerus, who is the God of Destruction.
nudges him in the direction of organizing a battle between the most powerful warriors from their respective realms.
The person who wins the contest will get the Super Dragon Balls.
They are the size of planets and have an ability that is almost unbounded in its scope to fulfill wishes. To guarantee that customers have a pleasant dining experience,
Champa proposes moving the dead planet from Universe Six to Universe Seven in exchange for another planet there.
Goku and his friends came to the conclusion that they should take part in the tournament.
It has been stated that the match between Goku and Hit is the most crucial one in the tournament.
Goku decides to retreat from the fight since he is unable to compete with Hit's might.
Hit forfeits the championship match, allowing Universe Seven to claim victory.
In Universe 6, Beerus has a fervent ambition that the Super Dragon Balls will bring back Earth.
Goku strikes into a chat with Lord Zen, the lord who rules over all worlds, and eventually becomes his buddy.
Goku swears that he would follow Lord Zen wherever he goes.
After some time has passed, Future Trunks makes an appearance with information of an enemy known as Goku Black.
who resembles Goku in some way. They reach the conclusion that Zamasu, an apprentice of the Supreme Kai from Universe Ten, is the culprit.
is, in point of fact, Goku Black. The goal of this operation is to wipe out all of humanity.
Using the Super Dragon Balls, Zamasu traveled back in time and took Goku's body from an earlier universe.
[6] The story comes to a close with Future Zen assisting Goku in returning to the present, where he meets and befriends Present Zen.
As a direct consequence of this action, Zamasu and the future timeline are destroyed.
Trunks is going to be gone for a different amount of time.
mangamefi.com
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Oba Oladunni Oyewumi (1926 – 2021)
By Akéde Ọ̀yọ́	 Last updated Dec 18, 2021
• A self-respecting monarch joins his ancestors at 95.
Among prominent traditional rulers in Nigeria, particularly in the Southwest, the Soun of Ogbomoso, in Oyo State, Oba Oladunni Oyewumi Ajagungbade III, was a relevant royal. He died on December 12, aged 95.
He ruled with a sense of his role in social development. His 48-year reign, which made him the longest reigning king of Ogbomoso, brought remarkable development to the land. He initially demonstrated his intentions by building a modern palace to replace the mud palace he inherited.
It is striking that he successfully used his traditional influence to get the political authorities to develop his domain without devaluing the cultural essence of his position.
"When I became Soun, education was my first priority. I pursued how we would have many primary and secondary schools and the Lord crowned my efforts with success. We have more than 150 schools in Ogbomoso today," he said in an interview to mark his 90th birthday in 2016. There are also tertiary educational institutions in the city, including a university.
He mentioned other notable successes: "I ensured that law courts were established in Ogbomoso. Prior to that, people in Ogbomoso used to go to courts in Osogbo in present-day Osun State…I ensured that we have one of the Area Command headquarters of the police in Oyo State in Ogbomoso." Indeed, various manifestations of his declared motto, "Progress of Ogbomoso," can be seen across the city.
Born as a prince in Ogbomoso on May 27, 1926, he ascended the throne in October 1973 at the age of 47. He attended St. Patrick Catholic School, Oke-Padre, Ibadan and Ogbomoso People's Institute, Aku, Ogbomoso, before he went into business for himself.
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Importantly, his business activities didn't stop him from pursuing self-development through further education. When he moved to Jos in 1944, he attended evening classes, which raised his level of education and equipped him for greater heights in business.
By 1954, his determination to succeed in business earned him a major dealership from the French company, Compagnie Française de l'Afrique Occidentale (CFAO). This enabled him to expand his business and import beer and goods from Europe. He travelled to London, Ireland, and Germany as his business flourished.
From trading under the business name of Prince Stores, he established J. O. Oyewumi and Co. Ltd in 1967, with interests in real estate, hospitality services and merchandise, which showed not only his business growth but also his financial increase. The popular Hotel Terminus chain with branches in Jos, Ogbomoso and Osogbo, and Royal Crown Hotels formed part of his business empire.
His background as a successful businessman before he became a traditional ruler was useful to him in setting development goals for his domain and pursuing them with a sense of purpose. "If you are a king…you must ensure that the kingdom experiences continuous progress," he said.
Apart from serving as Chairman of Oyo State Council of Obas and Chiefs, he was also active at the national level. He was a member of the National Council of Traditional Rulers, and served as a member of the Federal Government Hajj delegation.
He received two national honours at different times, Commander of the Order of the Niger (CON) and Commander of the Order of the Federal Republic of Nigeria (CFR), which underlined his recognition.
Oba Oyewumi was self-respecting and demanded respect for traditional rulership. "I don't go to people in power for personal gain… A paramount king should respect himself," he said. Traditional rulers in the country should learn from this philosophy which helped him to keep his honour intact.
He will be remembered for his good name and his contribution to making Ogbomoso bigger and better than he met it.
Oba Jimoh OyewumiSoun of Ogbomosho
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She who must be obeyed, A.K.A 'The Awesome Wife' and I went to Kinosaki onsen, a hot springs in Hyogo prefecture. Many people come here to experience the hot baths which are believed to rejuvenate the body and the soul. Mostly famously the Japanese writer Naoya Shiga, a famous writer of 'I-writing', wrote a short story called 'Kinosaki nite' 'At Kinosaki ' about his stay at the onsen or hot springs after he collided with a Yamanote line train, which injured him some what. He went to the Kinosaki hot springs to recuperate.
The idea behind 'I-writing' more commonly referred to as 'I-novels' is that it is always in the first person, but it's more than that, it's kind of an autobiography, or better still a confessional, a report on the author's emotions, and mental state.
At an onsen, one goes to a hot spring or bath and is expected to be naked as one soaks in the hot springs, provided by a volcano. Men and women go to separate bathing quarters of course. Both sexes enter the hot springs naked.
I still feel I am ridiculous man. My left side seems permanent fixed in 'teapot position' – stuck near my shoulder because of my disability. I can't walk down a staircase except by placing both feet on the step, then moving both feet down on the next step below.
And too much of of my time was spent naked. Having left sided spastic cerebral palsy, I spent much of my youth, and by youth I mean my years in puberty, being, naked, and being presented to several physiotherapists and and physician.
So nakedness has never been a problem. Onsen helps my body I feel much more relaxed. It has helped my disability far more than any consultation did.


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racqld
Fourteen Medevac Refugees Begin Hunger Strike Protest
Fourteen refugees brought from Manus and Nauru under the Medevac legislation in 2019 have begun a hunger strike in the Melbourne Immigration Transit Accommodation (MITA) detention centre.
The hunger strike began on Thursday night (17 June), and is now into the third day.
"Why is the government torturing us for nine years?" one of the MITA hunger strikers said, "We want to know what is different between us and the others [Medevac refugees] who were released six months ago?
"We can't be in detention anymore."
About 100 Medevac refugees were released into the community between December 2020 and February 2021, yet despite government announcements that all medevac refugees would be released, none have been released since February. Around 90 Medevac refugees are still being held in hotels and detention centres in Adelaide, Sydney, Melbourne, and Brisbane.
As well, there are people brought for medical treatment after the repeal of the Medevac legislation still held in closed detention in Sydney and Darwin, and Adelaide.
Two of the Medevac refugees who have been held in Melbourne hotel detention for the last two years, are flying from Sydney to the US tomorrow (Monday 21 June) to be resettled. But 33 remain in the Park hotel in Melbourne.
"All the Medevac refugees must be released," said Ian Rintoul from the Refugee Action Coalition, "In many cases, the government has not even provided medical treatment they were brought to Australia to receive. After detention on Manus and Nauru, and two years of detention in Australia, every day in detention worsens their mental distress. They need freedom."
For more information contact Ian Rintoul 0417 275 713
Twenty-Second Refugee Tests Positive for COVID at Park Hotel
Third Refugee Detention Compound Locked Down in MITA
Covid Ground Zero Hotel Strikes Again


It is situated in the Femes valley, on the edge of the village of Las Casitas and is surrounded by open countryside with the dramatic backdrop of volcanic hills.
The cottage has two large, airy rooms, as well as its own garden and barbecue area. The rooms have high, beamed ceilings and comfortable rustic furnishings, with an open Canarian fireplace and a separate kitchen/dining area in the living room. The bedroom has a King size and generous storage cupboards (cot or additional bed available on request). The en-suite bathroom has a shower over a full-sized bath and a bidet.
The accomodation has a fully equipped kitchen, with oven, hob, microwave, and fridge/freezer. It also has a TV with satellite and internet connection and DVD player, CD player/radio, iron and hair-dryer we also offer free wifi access.
The house has a heated pool of 10 meters long situated in an idyllic setting.
The cottage is located near a traditional village with spectacular views, a small supermarket and three restaurants, with one of the best restaurants in Local Canarian dishes, Casa Emiliano.
We provide all linen (except beach towels) and a twice weekly maid service.
1 child on extra bed (10€ per night).
Baby cots available for free.
Beautifully situated in a nice surrondings.
Great views to the valley.
Rustik nice kitchen with dinning area.
Canarian Fireplace in living room.
Heated swimming pool with sunbeds for a total relaxation.
Prices starting at €107.00 for a couple. €10 extra per person. Prices are per night.


The allure of a sunset, the symphony of birds singing in the woods at sunrise draws us into silence that we long for and avert. We often opt for noise over silence for fear of what we may hear in the quiet. But the calling continues for we are calling ourselves.
May you find the blessing and peace of silence in each day, living to your fullest and giving the world the best you when silence subsides.
Incredible quote and insight you've shared.
It's interesting to me how you said "the symphony of birds" draws us into silence, which to me speaks that silence is not necessarily the absence of sound; rather, a mind that is still, at peace, completely undisturbed.
Beautifully said – "a mind is still, at peace, completely undisturbed." Thank you.


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Billy Joel ~ RESCHEDULED to July 9, 2021
July 9, 2021 7:00 pm - July 9, 2021 11:00 pm
In a statement from Live Nation "Due to concerns surrounding COVID-19, the upcoming Billy Joel concert at Comerica Park has been rescheduled. The concert, originally scheduled for July 10, 2020, will now be held on July 9, 2021.
Tickets purchased for the 2020 concert will be honored on the rescheduled date. Tigers.com will contact via email all who purchased tickets with refund options for those unable to attend next year. They will have 30 days to respond.
He's baaaack! Playing a stadium show in Detroit for the first time since 1994 and his first solo stadium show ever in Detroit, Billy Joel makes his way to rock Comerica Park on July 9, 2021! The Rock and Roll Hall of Famer will be bringing his massive catalog of hits back to town for what is sure to be the hottest show of the entire summer!
Comerica Park
2100 Woodward Avenue, Detroit
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